^%^^x>
t
y. S. SUPT, OF DOri.lj\I.ENTb
3^
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
WASHINGTON
Tariff Information Series — No. 37
*
CENSUS OF DYES
AND OF
OTHER SYNTHETIC ORGANIC
CHEMICALS
1927
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON
1928
BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY
3 9999 06317 183 7
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
WASHINGTON
Tariff Information Series — No. 37
CENSUS OF DYES
AND OF OTHER SYNTHETIC ORGANIC
CHEMICALS
1927
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON
1928
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Office: Eighth and E Streets NW., Washington, D. C.
COMMISSIONERS
Thomas O. Marvin, Chairman.
Alfred P. Dennis, Vice Chairman.
Edgar B. Brossard.
Sherman J. Lowell.
Lincoln Dixon.
Frank Clark.
John F. Bethune Secretary.
u. S. SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS
NOV 17 1928
additional copies
OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PEOCURED FROM
THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON, D. C.
AT
30 CENTS PER COPY
CONTENTS
Page
Introduction ix
Part I
Summary of census of dj^es and of other synthetic organic chemicals, 1927:
Introduction 3
Summary of domestic production, 1927 —
Crudes 4
Intermediates 4
Dyes 5
Statistics of production 6
International dye trade in 1927 8
Sj-nthetic organic chemicals not derived fromi coal tar 9
Part II
Production of dyes and coal-tar chemicals, 1927:
Coal-tar crudes —
Output of by-product and of beehive coke declines 13
Production of tars 14
Uses of tar 15
Distillates of tar . 16
Production in by-product coke ovens ' 18
Product ion ot her than in coke ovens 20
Coal-tar creosote 20
Imports of crudes 21
Exports of crudes 21
Coal-tar intermediates —
Description 22
Production 22
Rubber accelerators 22
Decreased production of synthetic phenol 23
Investigation of phenol under section 315 23
p-amino phenol 24
Cresylic acid 24
Investigation of cresylic acid under section 315 24
Benzoic acid 25-
Halogenated products 25
Malic and maleic acids 25
Aniline 25
Benzoyl peroxide 26
Naphthalene 26
New intermediates 26
Other intermediates 27
Statistics of production and sales 27
Dyes and other finished coal-tar products —
Introduction 34
Summary of production of dyes —
Increase in production 34
Stocks on hand 35
Further decline in domestic dye prices 35
Unit value of dyes produced, 1923-1927 38
Progress in dye manufacture 38
Relation of production 1 o consumption - 38
Reduction in number of dj'e manufacturers 38
III
rV CONTENTS
Production of dyes and coal-tar chemicals, 1927 — Continued.
Dyes and other finished coal-tar products — Continued. Page
Tariff considerations 39
Court and Treasury decisions 40
Effect of reduction in duty on dye imports 42
Production of dyes by classes 42
Acid dyes 44
Basic dyes 45
Direct dyes 46
S. R. A. dyes 47
Mordant and chrome dyes 48
Sulfur dves 49
Vat dyes 50
Color-lake dyes and spirit-soluble dyes 52
Food dyes 52
Export trade in dyes 52
Other finished coal-tar products —
Color lakes 53
Medicinals 54
Flavors and perfume materials 55
Synthetic resins 56
Photographic chemicals 56
Synthetic tanning materials 56
Statistics of imports, production and sales 57
Dyes not classified by Colour Index 72
Employees and rates of pay 74
Research work 75
Part III
Synthetic medicinals 79
Arsphenamine and other organic arsenic compounds 80
Anesthetics ' ; 81
Biological stains 82
Medicinal dyes 83
Conclusion 84
Part IV
Dyes imported for consumption in the United States, 1927:
Introduction 87
Summary of imports of dyes 88
Import statistics 88
Index to table of dye imports 116
Part V
Census of synthetic organic chemicals other than those of coal-tar origin,
1927:
Introduction 129
Large increase in production 129
Solvents 130
Amyl alcohol 131
Butyl alcohol 131
Butyl acetate 131
Synthetic methanol 132
Acetaldehyde and derivatives 132
Furfural and derivatives 133
Ethylene glvcol and its derivatives 133
Tetraethyl lead 134
Flavors and perfumes 134
Xanthates 134
New products 134
Statistics of imports, production, and sales 135
CONTENTS V
Part VI
International dye trade:
Introduction — -Paga
Developments in 1927 143
World production of dyes 143
Exports from producing countries 144
Imports into consuming countries 145
Competitive conditions 145
International agreements 147
The dj^e industry of Germany —
Agreements 148
The new capital of I. G 148
R6sum6 of proceedings at meeting of directors ofl.G 149
Reparation dyes 149
Paj'ments in kind 149
Receipts and paj'ments under the Dawes plan 150
Imports and exports 152
The dye industry of Great Britain —
Crudes 154
Dyes 154
British- American merger 155
Imports and exports 157
The dye industry of France 159
French tariff rates on coal-tar dj^es 161
The dye industry of Italy 162
The dye industry of Japan 164
The dve industry of Switzerland 166
Exports in 1927 . 166
The dye trade of other countries —
Argentina 168
Belgium 168
Brazil 169
Canada 169
China 169
Czechoslovakia 170
Egypt 171
India 172
Netherlands 173
Poland 174
Sweden 174
Dutch East Indies 175
Part VII
APPENDIX
Statistics of domestic imports and exports 179
Directory of manufacturers of dyes and other synthetic organic chemicals,
1927.-" 1 1 188
Statistical Tables
1. Dyes and coal-tar chemicals: Summary of production, 1918-1927 6
2. Synthetic organic chemicals of noncoal-tar origin: Production and
sales, 1921-1927 9
3. By-product and beehive coke: Production in the United States,
'1913-1927 . 14
4. Coke-oven, coal-gas, water-gas, and oil-gas tar: Production and sales
in the United States, 1918-1927 15
5. Coke-oven tar: Production in the United States and the percentage
sold and used, 1918-1927 15
6. Total commercial production of benzene, toluene, solvent naphtha, and
naphthalene from all sources in the United States, 1918-1927 16
7. Coal-tar by-products obtained from coke-oven operations, 1925-1927. 19
8. Coal-tar crudes: Production, 1927, by firms not primarily engaged
in the operation of coke-oven plants and gas houses 21
VI CONTENTS
Page
9. Phenol, natural and synthetic: Production and sales in the United
States, 1 9 1 7-1927- . _'- 23
10. Coal-tar intermediates: Domestic sales price per pound, 1921-1927,
and invoice price of same intermediates imported, 1914 27
11. Coal-tar intermediates, production and sales, 1927 28
12. Intermediates: Production bv groups, according to unit values,
1923-1927 I 33
13. Coal-tar dyes: Domestic production and sales, 1914 and 1917-1927.- 34
14. Domestic dyes: Stocks on hand January 1, 1927, and January 1, 1928- _ 35
15. Domestic dves: Weighted average sales price per pound, 1917 and
1920-1927 36
16. Domestic sales prices of certain dyes, 1923-1927, compared with in-
voice values of dyes of the same kind imported in 1914 36
17. Dyes: Production by groups, according to unit value, 1923-1927 38
18. Coal-tar dyes: Imports into the United States, 1920-1928 42
19. Comparison of imports of dyes, by classes, fiscal year 1914 and cal-
endar vears 1922-1927, with domestic production, calendar years
1922-1927 43
20. Vat dyes other than indigo: Domestic sales, imports, and apparent
consumption in the United States, 1914 and 1923-1927 51
21. Coal-tar dyes: Exports from the United States, 1920-1927 52
22. Colors, dyes and stains: Domestic exports, by months, 1925-1928 53
23. Coal-tar medicinals: Production of a selected list, 1921-1927 54
24. Medicinals and pharmaceuticals: Imports into the United States,
1927 57
25. Synthetic aromatic chemicals of coal-tar origin: Imports into the
United States, 1927 !_ 58
26. Photographic cliemicals, intermediates, and other coal-tar products:
Imports into the United States, 1927 59
27. Dyes and other finished coal-tar products: Production and sales, 1927- 60
28. Employees and rates of pay in the coal-tar dve and chemical industry,
1927 : \ -'- 75
29. Employees and rates of pay in the coal-tar dve and chemical industry,
1927 as compared with 1926 _' ^ _ 75
30. Dves: Imports into the United States, by country of shipment, 1925-
1927 : 88
31. Dyes imported into the United States, classified by method of appli-
cation, 1922-1927 88
32. Dyes of each class, according to method of application, imported in
largest quantity in the calendar year 1927, compared with corre-
sponding imports in 1926, 1925, 1924, and in the fiscal year 1914 89
33. Dyes and intermediates remaining in bonded customs warehouse Jan-
uary 31, 1927, to April 30, 1928 91
34. Imports of dyes, calendar year, 1927 92
35. Pvroxjdin (nitrocellulose) varnishes or lacquers: Production and sales,
1927 130
36. Organic solvents of noncoal-tar origin: Production in the United
States, 1924-1927 131
37. Certain synthetic organic chemicals of noncoal-tar origin: Imports
and production, 1926-1927 135
38. Synthetic organic chemicals of noncoal-tar origin: Production and
sales, 1927 136
39. Dyes: Production by chief producing countries, 1923-1927 " 143
40. Coal-tar dves: Exports from chief producing countries, 1913 and 1923-
1927--_'_ 144
41. Coal-tar dyes: Imports into chief consuming countries, 1913, 1926,
and 1927 145
42. Germany: Exports of coal-tar dyes, 1913 and 1920-1927 146
43. Germany: Imports of coal-tar dyes, 1927 152
44. Germany: Exports of coal-tar dyes, 1927 153
45. United kingdom: Imports of coal-tar dyes, 1926 158
46. United Kingdom: Imports and exports of dyeing and tanning mate-
rials, 1925-1927 158
47. United Kingdom: Imports and exports of coal-tar dyes, 1927 159
48. United Kingdom: Exports of coal-tar dyes, 1926 159
49. France: Tariff rates on coal-tar dyes, March 1, 1928 161
CONTENTS VII
Page
50. France : Imports of coal-tar dves, 1 927 162
51. France: Exports of coal-tar dyes, 1927 162
52. Italy: Imports of synthetic organic dyes, by countries, 1927 163
53. Italy: Imports and exports of synthetic organic dyes, 1927 164
54. Japan : Imports of coal-tar dves, 1924-1926 165
55. Japan: Exports of coal-tar dyes, 1924-1926 166
56. Switzerland: Imports and exports of coal-tar dyes, 1927 167
57. Argentina : Imports of coal-tar dyes, 1926 168
58. Belgium: Imports and exports of coal-tar dyes, dry and paste, 1927. _ 168
59. Brazil: Imports of coal-tar dyes, 1926 169
60. Canada: Imports of coal-tar dyes, year ended March 31, 1927 169
61. China: Imports of dves, colors, and paints, 1926 169
62. China: Exports of indigo, 1926 170
63. Czechoslovakia: Imports and exports of coal-tar dves, calendar vear
1926 ■_ I.., 170
64. Egypt: Imports and exports of coal-tar dyes, 1927 171
65. India: Imports of coal-tar dves and exports of natural indigo, vear
ended March 31, 1927 I I__. 172
66. India: Imports of coal-tar dyes, calendar year, 1927 172
67. India: Exports of indigo, calendar year, 1927 173
68. Netherlands: Imports and exports of coal-tar dyes, 1926 173
69. Poland: Imports and exports of synthetic dyes, calendar year, 1926__ 174
70. Sweden: Imports and exports of coal-tar dyes, 1926 174
71. Dutch East Indies: Imports of coal-tar dyes, 1926 175
72. Coal-tar products: Imports entered for consumption, calendar years
1925-1927 179
73. Coal-tar products: General imports, 1925-1927 183
74. Coal-tar products: Domestic exports, 1925-1927 185
INTRODUCTION
This report is a survey of the domestic dye and of the synthetic
organic chemical industry in 1927. It presents the results of a special
investigation made by the United States Tariff Commission with
respect to the production in the United States of coal-tar dyes and of
synthetic organic chemicals of coal-tar and of noncoal-tar origin. It
includes a detailed tabulation of coal-tar dyes imported into the
United States and official statistics of imports and exports of coal-
tar dyes by the large consuming and producing nations of the world.
There is also included a chapter on recent developments in synthetic
medicinals.
The survey is divided into seven parts, as shown in the Table of
Contents (pp. iii to vii).
In the preparation of this report the Tariff Commission had the
services of Frank Talbot and Warren N. Watson, of the chemical
division of the commission's staff, and of others.
IX
PART I
SUM^IARY OF THE CENSUS OF DYES AND OF
OTHER SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS, 1927
Part I
SUMMARY OF THE CENSUS OF DYES AND OF OTHER
SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS, 1927
Introduction
The United States Tariff Commission has reported annually,
beginning with 1917, the progress of the American dye and of the
coal-tar chemical industry. In 1921 this annual census was extended
to include synthetic organic chemicals other than those derived fronrt
coal tar.^
In addition to production and sales figures for the domestic indus-
try, the present report contains a detailed tabulation of coal-tar
dyes imported into the United States, a discussion of the inter-
national dye trade and of developments in the foreign dye-producing
countries, as well as official statistics of exports and imports of the
more important dye consuming and producing countries of the world
in post-war years. A new feature of the report is a section on recent
developments in synthetic medicinals.
The general grouping of coal-tar chemicals in this report follow?
that of the tariff act of 1922; it conforms, in general although not in
every detail, to common practice. Crudes, paragraph 1549, free, are
contained in and separated from crude coal tar; intermediates, duti-
able under paragraph 27 at 40 per cent and 7 cents per pound, are
produced from the crudes by chemical processes; with certain excep-
tions, they are used only for the manufacture of dyes and other
finished products by further chemical treatment; dyes and other
finished products are dutiable under paragraph 28 at 45 per cent and
7 cents per pound. "Other finished products" includes color lakes,
photographic chemicals, medicinals, flavoi-s, perfume materials, syn-
thetic resins, and synthetic tanning materials. Explosives derived
from coal-tar materials, although dutiable under paragraph 28, are
not included in this census.
The domestic production of coal-tar products from 1918 to 1927^
according to the classes given above, is summarized in Table 1,
page 6. The figures for 1927 were compiled from the returns of
165 companies ^ and are believed to form a complete record of the
manufacture of such products. The quantity and value of each prod-
uct are given in as great detail as is possible without revealing the
' other reports prepared by the Tariff Commission relating to conditions in the dye industry include:
(1) Costs of production in the dye industry, 1918 and 1919, and (2) dyes and other coal-tar chemicals, Dec.
12, 1918.
2 This census includes production returns of 192 firms, of which 27 made synthetic organic chemicals
of noncoal-tar origin only, and 165 made synthetic organic chemicals of coal-tar origin or of both coal-tar
and noncoal-tar origin. Of the 192 firms, 166 granted permission for the publication of their names and 26
did not grant such permission. The names of the 166 firms are listed in the directory of manufacturers of
dyes and other synthetic organic chemicals, p. 188.
3
4 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
operations of individual manufacturers. The policy of the commis-
sion is not to publish either production or sales figures unless at least
three firms report a given product, and then only when production
(or sales) is well distributed among the different firms. In many
instances neither production nor sales figures are published, even
where there are more than three producers, because of the fact that
one firm either produced or sold a large part of the total output.
Summary of Domestic Production, 1927
CRUDES
The production of by-product coke in 1927 was 43,921,000 tons —
a slight decrease from the peak production in 1926; the output of
beehive coke was 7,004,000 tons — a decrease of about 53^ million
tons net. The trend of the industry is steadily toward the use of
the by-product oven, wfiich recovers ammonia, gas, and tar — valuable
products heretofore lost in the beehive oven. In 1913 only 27.5
per cent of the total production of coke was from by-product ovens;
by 1927, the proportion had risen to 86.2 per cent. By-product ovens
are supplying an increasing quantity of gas for city consumption and
of coke for domestic fuel.
Coal-tar production in 1927 totaled 599,000,000 gallons, a small
increase over 1926. As this production was greatly in excess of the
requirements of the tar-distilling and chemical industry, approxi-
mately 59 per cent of it was used for fuel. Because of the demand
for partly refined products, such as motor fuel, solvents, and pitches,
only a part of the 244,500,000 gallons distilled was converted into
refined products, such as benzene, toluene, and naphthalene.
Creosote, or dead oil, of great value as a wood preservative, is
made in increasing but insufficient quantities. The 1927 produc-
tion of 76,395,325 gallons was supplemented by an import of 95,915-
221 gallons, valued at $15,436,574. Of the coal-tar products imported
in 1927, creosote oil is the largest single item both in quantity and
value.
INTERMEDIATES
Intermediates are prepared from coal-tar crudes by chemical
treatment. They are further converted, by complex chemical proc-
esses, into finished coal-tar products, such as dyes, medicinals,
perfumes, flavors, photographic chemicals, synthetic resins, and
tanning materials. Other uses for intermediates are as accelerators
in the vulcanization of rubber, as camphor substitutes, insecticides,
germicides, and in the flotation process of concentrating ores.
The total production of intermediates in 1927 by 72 firms was
240,073,184 pounds, as compared with 229,653,802 pounds in 1926.
Sales amounted to 92,917,439 pounds, valued at $20,127,459.
There was conspicuous expansion in the production of rubber
accelerators, and many products were made for the first time in 1927.
Rubber accelerators, used in the vulcanization of rubber, serve the
dual purpose of increasing the life and durability of the finished
product and of reducing the time required for vulcanization.
SUMMARY OF DOMESTIC PRODUCTION, 1927 5
Progress was made in the manufacture of intermediates for fast
and specialty dyes, to which the domestic industry has given special
attention during the past few years. Among the intermediates
showing a significant increase in output in 1927 are phthalic anhy-
dride, chlorobenzene and other halogenated products, naphtha-
lene, and certain anthraquinone derivatives. Phenol showed a
decrease in production.
COAL-TAR DYES
Production. — The output of dyes by 55 firms in 1927 was 95,167,905
pounds, an increase of 8.2 per cent over 1926. Sales amounted to
98,339,204 pomids, valued at $38,532,795, as compared with 86,255,-
836 pounds, valued at $36,312,648 in 1926. The increase in produc-
tion is almost entirely due to the increased output of indigo, sulfur
black, and vat dyes (other than mdigo). Increased sales are largely
accounted for by the increase of sulfur black, indigo, other vat, direct,
and acid dyes.
Progress in manufacture. — Significant progress was made in the
production of (1) vat dyes, including anthraquinone and the thio-
indigoid derivatives; (2) alizarin derivatives and acid and mordant
dyes; (3) fast direct dyes of the azo class; (4) S R A colors; (5) cer-
tain of the basic dyes of the xanthene group.
Decline in domestic prices. — The weighted average price of all
domestic dyes sold in 1927 was 7 per cent less than the weighted aver-
age of those sold in 1926. There has been a steady decline in prices
since 1917, when the average was $1.26 per poimd. Prices in recent
years have run as follows: 1921, 83 cents; 1922, 60 cents; 1925, 47
cents; 1926, 42 cents; 1927, 39 cents. Using the average price
received for dyes in 1921 as a basis of valuation, sales in 1927 would
have totaled $81,621,539 instead of the actual figure— $38,532,795.
Reduction in numher oj manufacturers . — In 1927, 52 firms reported
the production of dyes (exclusive of 3 firms producing stains and indi-
cators). This is a decrease of 17 producers since 1925 and of 38 since
1919, when the largest number of domestic manufacturers operated.
The reduction in the number of dye plants is a natural result of severe
competition and comparatively little cooperation. Many firms pro-
ducing low-cost colors on a small scale will probably have difficulty
in surviving the competition ofi'ered by the large-scale manufacturer.
Increased production oj rat dyes. — The outstanding feature of the
year 1927 was the expansion in the domestic manufacture of vat dyes.
The output of vat dyes other than indigo was 5,961,688 poimds, an
increase of 48 per cent over 1926, which in turn was 54 per cent gain
over 1925. The superior fastness of vat dyes and the variety and
beauty of shades that the}^ produce have been largely responsible for
a steady increase in their use. They are used on dyed and printed
shirtings, blouse material, dress goods, ginghams, muslin curtains, and
other cotton wash goods, and have a limited application on silk and
a still smaller one on wool.
Imports. — Imports of coal-tar dyes in 1927 were 4,233,046 pounds
with an invoice value of $3,413,886. This represents a decrease of 10
per cent in quantity and 16.5 per cent in value over 1926. Imports
b CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
for the first six months of 1928 show an uj crease of 715,144 pounds
and 1501,707 over the imports for the same period in 1927. Germany
and Switzerland supply the larger part of our dye imports. Classified
by method of application, 41 per cent of our imports in 1927 were vat
dyes, 17 per cent direct dyes, 15.5 per cent acid dyes, 11.5 per cent
mordant and chrome dyes, and the remainder basic, sulfur, and spirit
soluble dyes.
Exports. — Exportr in 1927 were 26,770,560 pounds, valued at
$5,495,322. These figures represent an increase in quantity, but a
decline of 8 per cent in value from 1926. The principal markets for
United States dyes in 1927 were China, Japan, Canada, and British
India. Only China was a better market in 1927 than in 1926; sales
there showed an increase of nearly 20 per cent. The low priced bulk
dyes, such as indigo and sulfur black, pre the principal colors ex-
ported by the United States.
STATISTICS OF PRODUCTION
Table 1. — Dyes and coal-tar chemicals: Summary of the production, 1918-1927
1918
1919
Number
of manu-
facturers
Production
Number
of manu-
facturers
Production
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Intermediates (total)
Finished products (total)
128
Pounds
357, 662, 251
76, 802, 959
68, 464, 446
9, 590, 537
316, 749
3, 623, 352
458, 256
116,203
} 4, 233, 356
$124, 382, 892
83, 815, 746
62, 026, 390
5, 020, 023
823, 915
7, 792, 984
4, 925, 627
584, 695
2, 642, 120
116
155
90
34
10
31
9
6
{ I
Pounds
177, 362, 426
82, 532, 390
63, 402, 194
7, 569, 921
335, 509
6, 777, 988
610, 825
41,419
} 3, 794, 534
$03, 210, 079
84, 585, 544
Dyes
78
29
6
31
7
6
1
5
67, 598, 855
Color lakes
4,179,964
Photographic chemicals ..-
Medicinals.. . _ .
1, 059, 340
7, 883, 071
Flavors
1, 318, 654
164, 302
Tanning materials
Synthetic phenolic resins..
2, 381, 358
1920
1921
Number
of manu-
facturers
Production
Number
of manu-
facturers
Production
Sales
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Quantity
Value
Intermediates (total) . .
Finished products
(total)
119
161
82
43
8
35
15
12
4
4
Pounds
257, 726, 911
112,942,227
88, 263, 776
10, 983, 538
440, 759
5, 184, 989
166, 884
99, 740
3,142,861
4, 659, 680
$95, 291, 686
112. 731, 547
95,6)3,749
5, 871, 820
1, 015, 848
5, 726, 776
527, 493
332, 008
233, 674
3, 410, 179
108
147
74
43
5
34
17
15
4
3
Pounds
70, 899, 912
51, 457, 565
39, 008, 690
6, 152, 187
183, 798
1, 545, 917
901, 245
119,335
1, 902, 597
1, 643, 796
Pounds
33, 637, 326
60. 434, 009
47, 513, 762
6, 424, 612
170, 221
1, 876, 246
933, 662
119,691
1, 721, 359
1,674,456
$8, 483, 463
47, 996, 514
Dyes . .
39, 283, 956
Color lakes
2, 863, 189
Photographic chem-
icals
248, 041
Medicinals
2, 930, 324
Flavors
1, 002, 018
Perfumes
175,815
Tanning materials., .
Synthetic phenolic
resins
141, 005
1, 352, 166
SUMMARY OF DOMESTIC PRODUCTION, 1927
Table 1. — Dyes and coal-tar chemicals: Summary of the production, 1918-1927-
Continued
Intermediates (total) .
Finished products
(total)
Dyes
Color lakes
Photographic chem-
icals
Medicinals
Flavors
Perfumes
Tanning materials.
Synthetic phenolic
resins
Research chemicals.
1922
Num- Produc-
ber of tion
manu- ,
fac-
turers Quantity
Sales
Quantity Value
Pounds i Pounds
165, 048, 155 58, 004. 435 $12, 910, 486
88, 368, 131
64, 632, 187
10, 578, 664
345, 798
2, 946, 347
1,215,668
793, 148
1,910,519
93,370,0651 57,067,326
69, 107, 105 1 41,463,790
10,366,6761 4,551,572
347, 647:
3,092,915!
1.278,857;
778, 696 i
1, 981, 588'
5,944,133 6,415,9311
1,667 650 1
483, 269
4, 233, 443
1, 260, 588
643, 436
103, 598
4,315,196
12,434
Num-
ber of
manu-
fac-
turers
Produc-
tion
Quantity
Sales
Quantity Value
Pounds Pounds
231,393,871 83,582,808
122,950, 17llll5, 297, 586
93,667,5241 86,567,446
13,079,115 12,627,359
343, 289!
3,273.085;
1,458,0241
1,365,449|
821,083
.2,995,448
1,442.387
1, 275, 432
9,763,685' 10,068,431
$18,916,058
65, 898, 177
47,223,161
5, 124, 732
443, 697
4, 720, 253
1, 780. 313
789, 431
5, 816, 590
Intermediates (total).
Finished products
(total)
Dyes
Color lakes
Photographic ehem
icals
Medicinals
Flavors
Perfumes
Tanning materials.
Synthetic phenolic
resins
Num-
ber of
manu-
fac-
turers
Produc-
tion
Quantity
Pounds
186, .596, 562
97,730,211
68, 679, 000
9, 343, 147
316, 183
2, 967, 944
1,750,555
1, 895, 267
12,778,115
Sales
Quantity Value
Pounds
76, 897, 521 $18, 164, 334
93, 636, 109
64,961,433
9,281,673
321,865
2, 688, 329
1,691,863
1,945,488
12, 74,5, 458
55. 932, 580
35,012,400
4, 045, 799
461,379
5,178,099
1,471,089
945, 773
8,818,041
1925
Num-
ber of
manu-
fac-
turers
Produc-
tion
Quantity
Pounds
210, 699, 77
120, .5.54, 228
86, 345, 438
11,414,753
327,041
3, 237, 796
2, 207, 102
2, 335, 024
Sales
Quantity Value
Pounds
86, 066, 651
112,671,779
79, 303, 451
11,308,444
,348, 842
3, 294, 827
2,148,904'
2, 370, 728
■14,687,074 13,896,583
$19, 7,56, 200
60,811,400
37, 468, 332
5,544,371
475, 095
6,331,918
1,409,311
883,617
8, 698, 756
Number
of manu-
facturers
Production
Quantity
Quantity
Value
Intermediates (total)
Finished products (total)
Dyes
Color lakes
Photographic chemicals..
Medicinals
Flavors
Perfumes...
Tanning materials
Synthetic phenolic resins
78
134
61
43
5
26
15
17
2
2
Pounds
229, 6.53, 802
122, 752, 021
87, 978, 624
11,796,203
393, 426
3, 696, 196
2,857,913
1, 922, 666
14, 106, 993
Pounds
86. 916, 836
120, 348, 636
86, 255, 836
11,425, 1.39
387, 698
3, 593, 226
2,629,126
1, 731, 887
14, 325, 724
$18, 990, 042
59, 533, 445
36, 312, 648
6,023,011
504, 941
6, 742, 128
1, 482, 697
820, 264
7, 647, 756
7709—28-
b CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 1. — Dyes and coal-tar chemicals: Stimmary oj the production , 1918-1927 —
Continued
Number
of manu-
facturers
Intermediates (total)
Finished products (total)
Dyes
Color lakes
Medicinals
Flavors
Perfumes
Photographic chemicals..
Tanning materials
Synthetic phenolic resins
72
130
55
40
24
16
18
6
2
7
Production
Quantity
Pounds
240, 073, 184
133, 357, 423
95, 167, 905
11,601,507
3, 598, 839
2, 205, 472
1, 998, 987
5, 332, 483
13, 452, 230
Sales
Quantity Value
Pounds
92, 917, 439
136, 206, 835
98, 339, 204
11,620,740
3, 548, 556
2, 235, 791
2, 025, 614
5, 352, 617
13, 084, 313
$20,
61,
38,
6,
6,
1,
127, 459
272, 645
532, 795
446, 508
819, 487
435, 445
991, 922
951, 832
6, 094, 656
International Dye Trade in 1927
Earlier issues of the Census of Dyes have discussed pre-war condi-
tions in the international dye trade and have reviewed the changes
that took place from 1922 to 1926.
Competition among the dye-producing nations of the world con-
tinues to be severe, but will in time doubtless be checked by the cartel
arrangements now being made to divide the world's markets, hmit
production, and stabilize prices. With these objects in view, Ger-
many, France, Switzerland, Italy, and to some extent Japan, either
have negotiated or are about to conclude international agreements
regulating the trade in dyes. Great Britain and the United States
are the two dye-producing countries outside this cartel movement.
Negotiations between the British and the German dye industries
have failed. The United States has entered into no international
dye agreements.
The leading dye-producing nations extended their export trade in
•1927. The trend of production was toward increased sales of fast
dyes, especially vat dyes, and other high priced colors. Germany's
exports of dyes in 1927 were less than half the exports in 1913 by
quantity, but exceeded in value the 1913 figure. Continued expansion
and the negotiation of agreements with the dye industries of other
nations have made the I. G. a dominant dye unit with a strengthened
position in the markets of the world.
In Great Britain satisfactory progress has been made by the
Imperial Chemical Industries (Ltd.), a corporation formed late in
1926 by the merger of four leading firms and their subsidiary com-
panies. In 1927 the I. C. I. concluded an agreement with a dye
manufacturer in Switzerland. This indicates a closer working pro-
gram between British and Swiss dye manufacturers.
In Switzerland the prosperous condition of the dye industry is
reflected by the reported net earnings of the principal dye manufac-
turing firms. Progress is indicated by an increase in exports of dyes,
valued in 1926 at $12,000,000 and in'l927 at more than $14,000,000.
Indigo, however, is not one of the dyes exported in increased quantity,
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE IN 1927
9
as keen competition from Germany and the United States has served
to reduce the exports from Switzerland to the Far East.
The Japanese Government has since 1925 granted a subsidy to dye
manufacturers for the production of specified dyes. Restrictions
were withdrawn on dye imports from Germany at the conchision of a
treaty between the two countries, with the understanding that Ger-
many would limit her export of certain dyes.
Synthetic Organic Chemicals not Derived from Coal Tar
Chemicals of this group find application as solvents, medicinals,
perfumes, flavors, rubber accelerators, flotation agents, photographic
developers, and explosives. Production in 1927 exceeded 280,000,000
pounds, an increase of 31 per cent over the output in 1926 and more
than 13 times the quantity produced in 1921.
Expansion in the domestic production of synthetic chemicals in
recent years is unparalleled. The United States is developing aliphatic
organic chemicals as Germany developed coal-tar organic chemicals.
Raw materials used in the production of aliphatic chemicals are avail-
able in large quantities in the United States.
One of the principal uses of the noncoal-tar synthetic organic chem-
icals is as solvents in the manufacture of nitrocellulose varnishes and
lacquers. Among the important solvents showing a large increase
in production are butyl and amyl alchohol. The principal esters of
these alcohols, butyl and amyl acetate, showed a decHne. The
increase in production of ethylene glycol and Hke derivatives of ethyl-
ene was phenomenal. New products of this type are being developed
and promise extensive and varied uses.
A feature of the year was the increased output of acetaldehyde and
of lead tetraethyl, the latter used in the production of antiknock
gasohne. Xanthates, used for the flotation of ores, showed little change
in production as compared with the previous year.
Table 2.
■Synthetic organic chemicals of noncoal-tar origin: Production and sales,
1921-1927
Year
Production
Sales
Year
Production
Sales
1921
1922,
1923
1924
Pounds
21,545,186
79, 202, 155
90, 597, 712
115,817,865
Pounds
16,701,096
60, 494, 494
67, 727, 067
85, 933, 461
Value
$7, 226, 068
11,964,074
13,875,521
20, 604, 717
1925
1926
1927
Pounds
156, 878, 013
214, 842, 513
280, 992, 825
Pounds
114,626,209
168, 712, 158
201, 648, 089
Value
$23, 632, 779
29,719,270
36,600,628
PART II
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND OF COAL-TAR
CHEMICALS, 1927
11
Part II
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND OF COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1927
Coal-Tar Crudes
Output of hy -product and oj beehive coke declines. — The total
domestic production of coke in 1927 was 50,925,000 ^ net tons, of
which 43,921,000 tons were obtained from by-product ovens. Since
1913 the trend has been steadily toward an increased output of by-
product coke; in 1927 the ratio was 86.2 per cent by-product as against
13.8 per cent beehive. Both kinds of coke were produced in smaller
quantity in 1927 than in 1926; by-product showed a decrease of
about a half million net tons, and beehive a decrease of about five
and one-half million net tons.
TONS
40
30
10
BY-PRODUCT AND BEEHIVE COKE: PRODUCTION IN THE
-
UNITED STATES, l9i3-l9Z7.
1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1^^
/
^
\
/
'^^
y
\
\
s
/
^
\
/
\.
7
y
.'^^
\
\
\
"^-^
^^
\
</
\
1
V
\
•X,
i
ifs
IS|3 1914 1915 I9li> 1917
19)9 \9lO 1921 1921 1923 I9M I9Z5
The beehive-coke industry serves, with a relatively small invest-
ment, as an auxiliary source of coke for the steel industry. It is
estimated^ that 80 per cent of the total production of all coke is used
in blast furnaces; 11 per cent in domestic and industrial heating;
6 per cent in foundries; and 3 per cent in heating retorts. The use
of coke as a household fuel promises to become more prevalent because
it is one of the best available substitutes for anthracite coal.
■ U. S. Bureau of Mines, preliminary figures.
2 Coke and By-Products in 1924, Bureau of Mines.
13
14
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Prior to 1918 beehive coke constituted the larger part of the fuel
used in pig-iron manufacture. Since that time, a gradual change has
taken place in the industry; in 1927 far more by-product coke than
beehive coke was consumed in blast furnaces.
Table 3 and Chart I show the production of by-product and of
beehive coke from 1913 to 1927, inclusive. The figures for 1927 are
not final. Those for by-product coke are taken from preliminary
reports of the Bureau of Mines; those for beehive coke are estimates
based upon statements of producers as to the number of cars loaded
for shipments by the railroads.
Table 3. — By-product and beehive coke: Production in the United States, 1913-1927
Year
Net tons produced
Per cent of total
output
By-product
Beehive
Total
By-
product
Beehive
1913
12,714,700
11,220,000
14, 072, 895
19, 069, 361
22, 439, 280
25, 997, 580
25, 137, 621
30, 833, 951
19, 749, 580
28, 550, 545
37, 597, 664
33, 983, 568
39,912,159
44, 376, 586
43, 921, 000
33, 584, 830
23.336,000
27, 508, 255
35, 464, 224
33, 167, 548
30. 480, 792
19, 042, 936
20,511,092
5, 538, 042
8, 573, 467
19, 379, 870
10,286,037
11,354,784
12. 488, 951
7, 004, 000
46, 299, 530
34, 556, 000
41,581,150
54, 533, 585
55, 606, 828
56, 478, 372
44,180,557
51,345,043
25, 287, 622
37,124,012
56, 977, 534
44, 269, 605
51,266,943
56, 865, 537
50, 925, 000
27.5
32.5
33.8
35.0
40.4
46.
56.9
60.0
78.1
76.9
66.0
76.8
77.9
78.0
86.2
72 5
1914 . ..
67.5
1915...
66.2
1916
65
1917
59 6
1918
54
1919
43. 1
1920
40.0
1921
21.9
1922
23.1
1923.
34
1924
23.2
1925 . -
o") 1
1926 1
22.0
1927 2
13.8
' Revised since last report.
2 Preliminary.
Production of tars. — The combined output of coke-oven and coal-gas
tar in 1927 was 599,052,000 ^ gallons, an increase of 2.7 per cent over
1926. Sales of tar from these two sources amounted in 1927 to 361,-
723,000 gallons, or to more than 60 per cent of production.
Table 4 shows the production of coal tar from all sources and the
quantity and value of sales in the United States, 1918-1927. Table 5
shows for coke-oven tar, which constitutes 90 per cent of the 599,052-
000 gallons produced in 1927, the ratio of sales to production during
the same period for which figures are given in Table 4.
Preliminary figures.
COAL-TAR CRUDES
15
Table 4. — Coke-oven, coal-gas, water-gas, and oil-gas tar: Production and sales
in the United States, 1918-1927
[Compiled by the Bureau of Mines from reports of producers. The difference between production and
sales is accounted for by tar used by the producer and by changes in stock]
Coke-oven
tari
Coal-gas
tar 2
Total coal
tar
Water and oil
gas tar
Production (gallons):
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926'
1927 s
Sales (gallons):
1918..
1919
1920
1921
1922..
1923 -.
1924
1925.
1926'
19278
Value of sales:
1918...
1919
1920..
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925...
1926?
1927 8
263,
288.
360,
253.
327,
440,
422,
480,
529,
545,
200,
217,
174,
135,
162,
211.
209,
240,
277,
312,
$6,
6,
fi>
5,
299, 470
901, 739
664, 124
051,649
779, 734
907, 109
074, 326
848, 814
486, 374
052, 000
233, 002
707, 157
363, 696
293, 047
204, 417
739, 469
979, 999
160, 986
248, 522
723, 000
364, 972
918,549
378, 040
645, 309
419, 743
250, 552
623, 520
903, 196
103, 760
241, 000
52, 694, 826
53, 146, 421
51,264,956
(')
48, 082, 228
(')
(«)
(n
(«)
(«)
47, 727, 839
49, 307, 852
46, 604, 133
51, 976, 307
41, 266, 074
47, 840, 512
(«)
49, 175, 979
(«)
(«)
$1, 863, .580
2, 156, 471
2, 010, 186
2,811,728
1, 955, 950
2, 461, 691
(«)
2, 750, 719
(«)
(«)
315, 994, 296
342, 048, 160
411, 929, 080
309,051,649
37.5,861,962
493, 407, 109
475, 074, 326
534, 848, 814
583, 486, 374
599, 052, 000
247, 960, 841
267,015,009
220, 967, 829
187, 269, 354
203, 470, 491
259. 579, 981
258, 479, 999
289, 336, 965
326, 248, 522
361, 72.3, 000
.$8, 228, 552
9, 075, 020
8, 388, 226
8, 457, 037
8, 375, 693
11,712,243
12, 293, 520
14,653,915
16. 803, 760
18, 941, 000
100, 985, 156
1105,318,339
116,073,907
(=)
104, 555, 028
(«)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(»)
55, 283, 484
3 58, 557, 947
59, 238, 730
3 53,432,945
47, 338, 489
3 49, 990, 820
(«)
3 61, 471, 124
(«)
(»)
$1. 805, 865
3 2,012, 723
2, 109, 388
3 2, 192, 015
1, 879, 490
3 2, 001, 363
(»)
3 2, 594, 025
(5)
(»)
1 Includes tar produced in by-product coke o%'ens operated by city gas companies.
2 The figures here given for coal-gas tar include only the operations of coal-gas retorts. For 1918, 1920,
and 1922 they are taken from special studies by the U. S. Geological Survey. For 1919, 1921, 1923, and
1925 revised census figures are used, obtained by subtracting from the totals for the manufactured gas
industry, as published by the Bureau of the Census, the tar produced at by-product coke ovens operated
by city gas companies.
3 As reported by the Bureau of the Census.
* Estimate included in total, based upon reported sales as given below.
' No data.
' Estimate included in total.
' Revised since last report.
' Preliminary figures.
Table 5. — Coke-oven tar: Production in the United States and percentage sold
and used, 1918-1927
[Compiled by United States Geological Survey and Bureau of Mines from reports of operators]
Coke-oven tar
Year
Coke-oven tar
Year
Gallons pro-
duced
Per cent
soldi
Per cent
used 1
Gallons pro-
duced
Per cent
sold '
Per cent
used 1
1918
1919
263, 299, 470
288, 901, 739
360, 664, 124
253, 051, 649
327, 779, 734
76.0
75.4
48.3
53.5
49.5
24
24.6
51.7
46.5
50.5
1923
1924
440, 907, 109
422, 074, 326
480, 848, 814
529,486,374
545, 052, 000
48.0
49.6
49.9
52.4
.57.4
52.0
.50.4
1920... .
1925
50.1
1921
1926 2
47.6
1922
1927 3 .
42.6
' No account is taken of changes in stocks. 2 Revised since last report. 3 Preliminary figures.
Uses oj tar. — Tar is used in the raw state or is distilled into a number
of products having wide commercial uses.
16
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Raw or dehydrated tar is used chiefly for fuel. Approximately
59 per cent of the total output of coal tar in 1927 was so used. Open-
hearth steel manufacture accounts for a large percentage of the tar
burned. The use of tar as a fuel tends to increase as the price of
crude oil advances.
Minor uses of raw tar are: In mixtures with creosote oil as a
wood preservative, in stone work and road construction material; for
waterproofing brick, for settling dust, and as a paint. For the last
named use the specially prepared pitch paints are better, as they have
more resistance to the weather.
Modified and refined tars are used in roofing felts and in tar paper.
Distillates of tar. — Tar upon being distilled yields two groups of
products: (1) Complex mixtures made by fractional distillation
appearing in commerce under the names of solvent naphtha, light oil,
dead oil, creosote oil, and anthracene oil; (2) coal-tar crudes, such
as toluene, naphthalene, anthracene, and the less important cumene,
carbazol, the cresols, and pyridine. These crudes, after purification,
are used in the preparation of coal-tar intermediates, which, in turn,
are used in the manufacture of dyes and other products.
Data on the domestic production of crudes distilled from tar at
by-product coke oven plants are reported to the Bureau of Mines;
production by firms engaged primarily in distilling tar is reported
to the Tariff Commission.
Table 6 shows the domestic production of certain coal-tar crudes
from all sources, 1918-1927.
Table 6. — Total commercial production of benzene, toluene, solvent naphtha, and
naphthalene from all sources in the United States, 1918-1927
[Data for coke ovens and gas works from reports to United States Geological Survey and Bureau of Mines;
for tar refineries and others to United States Tariff Commissionj
By-product
coke plants
(sales) 1
Gas works
not elsewhere
included
(sales) 1 2
Tar refiner-
ies and ail
other estab-
lishments s
(produc-
tion)
Total com-
mercial pro-
duction *
Benzene (all grades except motor benzol):
Gallons—
1918
1919
1920-. _
1921..
1922__
1923
1924_.
1925 _ _._
1926
1927
43,
5 03,
17,
6,
12,
16,
17,
21,
'21,
8 21,
441,980
077, 463
230, 776
839, 021
256, 348
724, 182
740, 608
816, 380
987, 790
548, 000
2,177
(«)
(«)
(«)
(6)
(«)
(«)
3, 015,
1, 826,
875,
2, 171,
774,
394,
629,
741,
377,
370,
21,
634, 996
403, 836
141,337
045, 042
071, 288
154,088
417, 542
607, 932
374, 838
930, 782
• Sales instead of production are here given to avoid double counting between production of crude and
pure grades and because such of the product as is used in the coke plant or gas works is not available for
commercial use.
2 In order to eliminate duplication, the figures for gas works are exclusive of by-product coke ovens oper-
ated by city gas companies, which are included in the preceding column, and exclusive of recoveiics from
such tar-refining operations conducted by the city gas companies as are included in the column headed
"tar refineries." From time to time plants formerly included in the column headed "gas works" have
been transferred to the column "tar refineries," hence the figures in the "gas works" column are not
strictly comparable from year to year. The total commercial production shown in the last column con-
tains no duplication and is comparable from year to year.
3 See note 2.
< Totals include estimates for firms not reporting, and actual figures for items that can not be shown sep-
arately without disclosing individual returns.
6 Includes motor benzol and 13,000 gallons of gasoline used in blending.
' Reports incomplete. Estimate included in total.
' Final figures, revised since last report.
8 Subject to revision.
COAL-TAR CRUDES
17
Table 6. — Total comtnercial production of benzene, toluene, solvent naphtha, and
naphthalene Jr am all sources in the United States, 1918-1927 — Continued
(Data for coke ovens and pas works from reports to United States Geological Survey and Bureau of Mines;
for tar refineries and others to United States Tariff Commission]
By-product
coke plants
(sales)
Benzene (all grades except motor benzol)— Con.
Value—
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925_.
1926
1927
Motor benzol:
Gallons-
1918
1919 (included under benzene above)...
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924.
1925
1926
1927
Value—
1918
1919 (included under benzene above)...
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
Toluene, all grades:
Gallons —
1918
1919.
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924.. ._
1925
1926
1927 ...
Value —
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922__
1923.
1924
1925
1926
1927
$11,
5 11,
4,
1.
3,
3,
3,
4,
966,
643,
497,
611,
435,
839,
736,
888,
,067,
,458,
i»55,
50,
54,
"89,
10 $12,
8,
I 10,
13,
11,
13,
' 16,
s 14,
$12,
Gas works
not elsewhere
included
(sales)
$572, 950
467, 126
1 350, 000
(12)
(«)
(«)
(«)
(«)
(«)
$112,849
"70,000
(12)
(«)
(«)
(«)
(«)
(«)
3, 965, 518
(«)
II 2, 000
11 1,000
(13)
11 2, 000
11 2,000
1! 2, 000
11 200
11 1, 000
$5, 597, 353
C)
II 300
11270
(13)
11570
11 500
11500
11 170
II 300
Tar refiner-
ies and all
other estab-
lishments
(produc-
tion)
$994, 161
560, 547
287, 586
403, 205
215, 136
118,505
155, 973
171,005
105, 513
100, 453
(«)
(«)
(»)
(12)
(U)
(12)
(12)
(12)
(12)
Total com-
mercial pro-
duction
1, 596, 353
510, 957
(13)
(13)
(13)
(13)
(13)
(13)
(13)
(13)
$8, 044, 890
235, 321
(13)
(13)
(13)
(13)
(13)
(13)
(13)
(13)
$13, 533, 478
12, 296, 192
4, 794, 409
2, 082, 926
3, 664, 517
3, 968, 742
3. 901, 629
5, 070, 245
5, 175, 206
4, 500, 453
(»)
(")
(»)
55, 622, 482
83, 664, 846
76, 072, 771
84, 789, 206
92, 891, 995
90, 182, 622
(')
(«)
(»)
(»)
(»)
(«)
(12)
$10, 657, 074
(12)
13, 851, 704
(12)
11,678,665
(12)
14, 270, 746
(12)
17, 578, 255
(12)
15, 191, 145
14, 103, 237
1, 884, 784
(13)
(IS)
(13)
(13)
(13)
(13)
(13)
(13)
$20, 891, 945
596,511
(13)
(13)
(13)
(13)
(U)
(13)
(13)
(13)
5 Includes motor benzol and 13,000 gallons of gasoline used in blending.
6 Reports incomplete. Estimate included in total.
' Final figures, revised since last report.
* Subject to revision.
8 Data not collected from tar refiners prior to 1922.
If Includes 1,333,000 gallons of gasoline used in blending.
11 Estimate.
12 Included in total, but can not be shown separately without disclosing individual returns.
'3 A certain quantity of toluene was produced at gas works and at tar refineiies, but the figures can not be
given without disclosing individual returns.
18
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 6. — Total commercial production of benzene, toluene, solvent naphtha, and
naphthalene from all sources in the United States, 1918-1927 — Continued
[Data for coke ovens and gas works from reports to United States Geological Survey and Bureau of Mines;
for tar refineries and others to United States Tariff Commission]
By-product
coke plants
(sales)
Gas works
not elsewhere
included
(sales)
Tar refiner-
ies and all
other estab-
lishments
(produc-
tion)
Total com-
mercial pro-
duction
Solvent naphtha, crude and refined, including
xylene:
Gallons—
1918
" 3, 284, 037
16 3,649,066
4, 695, 464
2, 881, 656
2,861,482
3, 399, 904
3, 884, 585
3, 993, 735
'3,546,117
8 3, 647, 000
" $458, 689
16 557, 416
851, 048
510, 509
538, 512
608, 084
724, 874
805, 251
' 1, 035, 870
8 923, 000
15, 890, 447
6, 702, 040
14, 448, 762
1, 983, 523
4,887,935
11,245,633
8. 219, 073
9, 900. 517
" 7. 723, 223
8 8, 256, 000
$650, 229
191,364
487, 974
59, 335
131, 2.52
239, 709
128, 208
97, 493
97, 310
8 91, 000
1, 442, 267
(6)
(6)
(6)
(12)
(«)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(«)
$191, 475
(6)
(6)
(6)
(12)
(«)
(6)
(«)
(6)
896, 080
(«)
1, 760, 293
(6)
(«)
1, 115, 563
(6)
1, 266, 037
(6)
(«)
$14, 282
(»)
63,449
(»)
(8)
42, 247
(6)
34, 751
w
(«)
15 965, 458
(12)
(12)
(12)
(12)
(12)
812,378
530, 833
(12)
(12)
15 $232, 003
(12)
(12)
(.2)
(12)
(12)
153,941
148, 801
(12)
(12)
40,138,092
12, 612, 203
26,393,411
16, 949, 464
19, 323, 393
41, 453, 002
34, 683, 803
34, 135, 175
45, 165, 957
45, 298, 441
$1, 281, 440
327, 201
791, 403
380, 167
352,957
652, 148
441, 333
519, 773
494, 986
470, 806
5,691,762-
1919
4, 128, 747
1920 --
5, 384, 560
1921 -
3, 627, 488
1922 -.
3, 680, 811
1923
4, 041, 497
1924
4, 781, 963
1925 -
4, 609, 568
1926 -.-
4, 588, 844
1927 -
4, 521, 997
V'alue —
1918 -
$882, 167
1919 .
672, 685
1920
994, 205
1921.
644, 548
1922..
773, 336
1923-.-.
800, 698
1924
896, 815
1925
972, 052
1926
1, 174, 297
1927
1, 068, 411
Naphthalene:
Pounds—
1918
56, 924, 619
1919
20,114,243
1920
42, 602, 466
1921
19, 432, 987
1922
25,411,328
1923
53, 814, 198
1924
44, 102, 876
1925
45, 301, 729
1926
53, 059, 180
1927
53, 754, 441
Value—
1918
$1, 945, 951
1919
542, 565
1920
1, 342, 826
1921
462, 502
1922
536, 209
1923
934, 104
1924 . . .. 1-.
602, 541
1925
652, 017
1926
594, 296
1927
563, 806
6 Reports incomplete. Estimate included in total.
' Final figures, revised since last report.
8 Subject to revision.
12 Included in total, but can not be shown separately without disclosing individual returns,
n Includes 52,847 gallons of xvlene, valued at $9,937, and 107,375 gallons of crude heavy solvent, valued at
$8,769.
i« Includes 192,969 gallons of xylene, valued at $67,935.
w Includes 23,088 gallons of xylene, valued at $4,563.
Production in hy-produd colce ovens. — The output of crude light oil
amounted to 164,329,000 gallons in 1927, only a little more than the
1926 output.
The production of motor benzol, a partly refined light oil, was
87,234,000 gallons, of which 86,825,000 gallons were sold for $14,620,-
000. Motor benzol is generally used with gasoline or with gasoline
and alcohol in blended motor fuels.
The production of crude and refined toluol appreciably increased
in 1927, amounting to 12,496,000 gallons, as compared with
8,801,000 gallons in 1926.
COAL-TAR CRUDES
19
Table 7 shows the production of coal-tar crudes in coke-oven
operations, 1925-1927.
Table 7. — Coal-tar by-products obtained from coke-oven operations, 1925-1927
[United States Geological Survey and Bureau of Mines]
Product
Production
Sales
Quantity
Value
Total i Average
1925
Tar gallons.
Light oil and derivatives:
Crude light oil do
Benzol-
Crude - do
Refined do
Motor benzol do
Toluol-
Crude do
Refined do
Solvent naphtha do
Other light oil products do
Naphthalene:
Crude pounds..
Refined ..do
480, 848, 814
240, 160, 986
$11,903 196
' 146, 443, 106
6, 119, 160
16,231,714
81, 4G9, 923
127, 584
5, 329, 560
4, 744, 431
2, 366, 246
10, 201, 900
2 116, 388, 620
9, 238, 890
1,018
9, 239, 908
1926 3
Tar.
Light oil and derivatives:
Crude light oil do...
Benzol-
Crude ...do...
Refined do...
Motor benzol do...
Toluol-
Crude-. do...
Refined do...
Solvent naphtha. ..do...
Other light oil products do...
Naphthalene:
Crude pounds.
Refined .do...
1927 5
Tar gallons..
Light oil and derivatives:
Crude light oil do
Benzol, crude and refined do
Motor benzol .do
Toluol, crude and refined do
Solvent naphtha. ...do
Other light oil products do
Naphthalene.
Crude and refined pounds.
529, 486, 374
164, 059, 552
907, 106
909, 280
957, 983
46, 789
991, 358
993, 735
252, 451
1, 052, 685
1, 321, 597
3, 566, 643
13,441,422
10, 052
1, 300, 734
805, 251
96, 073
123, 260, 602
21,594,357
9, 692, 185
208, 332
92, 369
5,124
9, 900, 517
97, 493
277, 248, 522
14, 103, 760
10, 783, 568
744, 713
713, 904
029, 972
432, 317
359, 135
704, 555
127, 710
660, 621
327, 169
501,212
400, 308
250, 297
546, 117
324, 303
1, 330, 208
1, 109, 974
3, 957, 719
16, 863, 109
127, 298
2, 787, 454
1, 035, 870
93, 344
2 130, 112, 306 135, 793, 595
27, 304, 976
7, 746, 821
139, 701
7, 556, 372
166, 851
7, 886, 522
7, 723, 223
545, 052, 000 312, 723, 000
6 164, 329, 000
21,939,000 I
87,234,000
12,496,000 i
4,941,000 1
2,709,000 !
9, 364, 000
21, 548, 000
86, 825, 000
12, 000, 000
3, 647, 000
1, 393, 000
2 129, 319, 000 ! 134, 777, 000
96, 210
1,100
97, 310
16, 241, 000
1, 094, 000
4, 458, 000
14, 620, 000
4, 034, 000
923, 000
146, 000
25, 275, 000
8, 136, 000
8,256,000
91,000
.049
.103
.224
.224
.166
.215
.261
.202
.077
.175
.010
.025
.010
.051
.123
.238
.228
.188
.318
.338
.292
.070
.201
.013
.007
.013
.052
.117
.207
.168
.336
.253
.105
,188
.011
' Refined on the premises to make the derived products shown, 143,296,567 gallons.
2 Total gallons of derived products.
■' Revised since last report.
< Refined on the premises to make the derived products shown, 159,589,756 gallons.
5 Preliminary figures.
* Refined on the premises to make the derived products shown, 161,440,000 gallons.
20 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Production hy firms not primarily engaged in the operation of coke-
oven plants. — Returns to the Tariff Commission by firms engaged
primarily in distilling coal tar show that 244,550,564 gallons of tar,
amounting to approximately 40 per cent of the total production of
coal tar, were distilled in 1927. This is slightly less than the quantity
reported from the same source in 1926.
Dead or creosote oil and crude naphthalene were the chief distillates
produced in 1927.
The output of creosote oil by 17 manufacturers was 76,395,325
gallons, valued at ^9,847,932, or 12.9 cents per gallon. In 1926, 16
manufacturers reported a production of 75,495,540 gallons, valued at
$9,767,537, or 12.9 cents per gallon. Imports of creosote oil in 1927
amounted to 95,915,221 gallons, valued at $15,436,574, or 16.1 cents
per gallon.
The residue from the distillation of crude tar is known as pitch.
In 1927 the output of pitch was 457,073 tons, valued at $7,794,642.
Because of its resistance to atmospheric conditions, particularly to
moisture, pitch is used in composition shingles and in roofing materials.
Soft pitch is used in large quantities for road making. Metal paints
are made by dissolving pitch in the light oils obtained in the distilla-
tion of tar.
Refined tar is the residue from the distillation of a varying pro-
portion of the lower boiling products. Production in 1927 was
1,377,703 barrels, valued at $6,172,825. as compared with 1,026,358
barrels in 1926, valued at $5 368,414.
Other distillates showing increased production in 1927 are anthra-
cene oil, extracted crude tar acids, light oil, toluene and xylene.
Those showing decreased production are motor fuel, pitch, pyridine,
and solvent naphtha.
Table 8 shows the quantity and value of coal-tar crudes distilled
by firms not primarily engaged in the operation of coke-oven plants
in 1927.
Coal-iar creosote. — Coal-tar creosote is the most effective of all
wood preservatives. It is used in increasing quantities for railway
ties, telegraph poles, and for mine and construction timber.
Some of the advantages of coal-tar creosote are (1) high toxicity,
which makes it poisonous to wood-destroying fungi; (2) relative
insolubility m water and low volatility, which cause it to remain in the
wood almost indefinitely; (3) ease of application; (4) ease with which
its depth of penetration can be determined; (5) general availability
and relatively low cost.
In 1926, the last year for which statistics are available, more
wood preserving plants were in active operation and a greater quantity
of wood was treated than ever before in the history of the industry.
Plants operating in 1926 numbered 186, as compared with 167 in
1925. The increase of 19 included 14 new plants constructed within the
year. The quantity of wood treated was 289,322,079 cubic feet, or
14,847,541 cubic feet more than was treated in 1925. For this quan-
tity of wood a total of 185,733,180 •* gallons of creosote was used.
This is the largest quantity ever used. It was made up of 32,766,270
gallons of distillate coal-tar creosote, 54,372,006 gallons of creosote
coal-tar solution, 1,490,420 gallons of refined water-gas tar, 1,661,370
« Quantity of ^^■ood Treated and Preservatives Used in the United States in 1926. Forest Service, United
States Dept. of Agriculture.
COAL-TAR CRUDES
21
Table 8. — Coal-tar crudes: Production, 1927, hy firms not primarily engaged in the
operation of coke-oven plants and gas houses
[The numbers in the second column refer to the numbered alphabetical list of manufacturers given on
page 188. An X indicates that the corresponding product was made by a manufacturer who did not con-
sent to the publication of his name in connection therewith. A blank in the third and fourth columns
indicates that there was actual production of the corresponding article but that figures can not be published
without revealing the output of individual firms]
Name
Manufacturers' identification
numbers (according to list on
page 188)
Quantity i Value
Total crudes
Anthracene (crude, less than 30 per
cent pounds-.
Anthracene oil gallons.
Benzene do
Carbolic oil or middle oil do
Cresol or cresylic acid do
Dead or creosote oil do
Extracted crude tar acids do
Light oil do
Motor fuel do
^Naphthalene (crude) pounds. .
Other distillates gallons. .
Pitch of tar. tons. .
Psuedo cumene gallons. .
Pyridine. do
Refined tars barrels. .
Solvent naphtha gallons. .
Toluene do
Xylene ..do
138
9, 138, X
12, 17, 127, X
28, 37, 83
12,89
9, 12, 17, 22, 28, 35, 37, 83, 89, 110,
138, 147, 159, 161, X, X, X.
12
22, 28, 35, 37, 110, X, X
35 127
9, 11, 12, 2S, 37, 83," 89, iio, 127,
138, 147, X.
12, 17, 28, 35, 89, 127, X
9, 12, 17, 22, 28, 35, 37, 83, 89, 110,
138, 147, 159, X, X.
12.
12, 106...
9, 12, 17, 22, 28, 37, 83, 89, 110,
127, 138, 147, 159, X, X.
12, 17, 138, X, X
12, 127
12
$27,776,355
Unit
value
370, 782
260, 690
100, 453
37, 357
$0.27
.14
76,395,325 I 9,847,932
.13
45, 298, 441
5, 263, 199
457, 073
470, 806
809, 130
7, 794, 642
.15
17. 0.'^
1, 377, 703
820, 701
5, 172, 825
118,205
4.48
The instructions sent to manufacturers were as follows: Include under dead or creosote oil only products
which may be used for creosoting. Include under "other distillates" shingle stain oil, disinfectant oils,
and flotation oils which do not contain over 5 per cent of phenol. Include under refined tars those tars which
are used for road treatment, saturating felt, and for protective coatings. Phenol and all distillates which
on being subjected to distillation, yield in the portion distilling below 190° C. a quantity of tar acids equal
to or more than 5 per cent of the original distillate, or which, on being subjected to distillation, yield in the
portion distilling below 215° C. a quantity of tar acids equal to or more than 75 per cent of the original
distillate are not to be included here but are to be placed under intermediates.
gallons of water-gas tar solution, and 95,443,114 gallons of imported
coal-tar creosote.
Other materials used in wood preservatives were as follows:
Petroleum, 13,317,022 gallons; solid zinc chloride, 24,777,020 pounds;
paving oil, 2,541,563 gallons; and miscellaneous preservatives,
259,961 gallons.
Imports of crudes. — Imports are given in Table 72, p. 179.
Exports of crudes. — A marked gain in 1927 was noted in the exports
of benzene, which totaled 25,793,566 gallons, valued at $6,665,105, as
compared with 19,000,000 gallons in 1926, valued at $5,513,000.
Exports to Germany in 1927 were 11,900,000 gallons, as compared
with 8,000,000 in 1926; to the United Kingdom, 8,400,000 and 7,500,-
000 gallons, in the two j^ears. There were no shipments of benzene to
the Netherlands in 1926, but approximately four and one-half million
gallons were exported to that country in 1927. Exports to France
declined from 3,420,000 gallons in 1926 to 550,000 in 1927.
Exports of tar and pitch tripled — from 216,000 barrels in 1926,
valued at $883,000, to 673,000 barrels in 1927, valued at $3,256,000.
Shipments of tar and pitch to France showed a conspicuous increase.
22 census of dyes and other synthetic chemicals
Coal-tar Intermediates
description
Intermediates do not occur as such in coal tar, but are manufac-
tured from the crudes (benzene, tokiene, naphthalene, and anthracene)
by treatment with sulfuric acid, nitric acid, alkalies, chlorine, or other
chemicals. From fewer than ten coal-tar crudes, 200 to 300 inter-
mediates are prepared for use in the production of hundreds of dyes,
medicinals, flavors, perfumes, resins, and other finished coal-tar prod-
ucts. The various chemical stages in the conversion of crudes to
intermediates are (1) nitration, (2) reduction, (3) sulfonation, (4)
caustic fusion, (5) chlorination, (6) alkylation, (7) liming, (8) conden-
sation, (9) carboxylation, (10) oxidation, and (11) diazotization.
Certain intermediates are used as accelerators in the vulcanization
of rubber, as camphor substitutes, insecticides, germicides, fungicides,
in the flotation process for concentrating ores; and for other pur-
poses. Others are used in the direct production of dyes on the fiber
and also for increasing the fastness of dyes on the fiber. When used
for the latter purpose they are known as developers. After purifi-
cation many intermediates are used directly as drugs, perfumes, and
flavors.
The relation between the heavy chemical industry and the interme-
diate and dye industry is an intimate one, as the dye industry is an
important consumer of heavy chemicals and other products. The
manufacture of intermediates and dyes requires large quantities of
acids, alkahes, and other heavy chemicals, such as sodium nitrite and
sulfide, salt, chlorine, bromine, sulfur, and in addition noncoal-tar
organic compounds, such as methanol, formaldehyde, and acetic
anhydride.
PRODUCTION
Statistics of the production of intermediates are given in Table 11
(p. 28) in as great detail as is possible without disclosing the output
of individual manufacturers. The total production in 1927 was
240,073,184 pounds, as compared with 229,653,802 pounds in 1926.
Sales in 1927 amounted to 92,917,439 pounds, valued at $20,127,459,
or a unit value of 21.7 cents, as compared with 21.8 cents in the previ-
ous year.
In general, those intermediates norm ally consumed in large quantity
in the manufacture of dyes show no significant change in production
in 1927 as compared with 1926. Notable increases occurred in the
output of many specialty intermediates used in the fast and specialty
dyes.
Rubber accelerators. — Marked progress was made in 1927 in the
manufacture of intermediates for accelerators in the vulcanization of
rubber. The total consumption of these intermediates in the manu-
facture of rubber products can not be measured accurately as some of
the production reported was used in dyes and other products.
Accelerators * have reduced the time of vulcanizing tires and other
rubber goods. By the use of organic accelerators the resistance of
modern rubber compounds to aging has been lengthened by at least
< Jour, of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, April, 1925, p. 393.
COAL-TAR INTERMEDIATES
23
one year. It is roughly estimated that without the organic accelerator
double the capital now invested would be needed for molds, heaters,
and other apparatus used for vulcanization.
Among the accelerators showing increased production in 1927 over
1926 are diphenylguanidine, o-ditolylguanidine, mercapto-benzo-
thiazol, heptylidine aniline, ethylidine aniline, and derivatives,
crotilidine aniline, dimethylamine, dimethylaniline, p-toluidine,
triphenylguanidine, and formanilide. The following chemicals of
this group show a decreased production in 1927: Nitroso-dimethyl-
aniUne, methylene dianilide, thiocarbanilide, anhydroformaldehyde-
p-toluidine. Those reported in 1927, but not in 1926, include dimethyl-
diphenyurea, and tritolylguanidine.
Statistics of production of organic rubber accelerators of noncoal-
tar origin are given in Table 38, page 136.
Decreased production of synthetic phenol. — The combined production
of natural and synthetic phenol by four firms in 1927 was 8,041,082
pounds, a decrease of 7^ per cent from 1926. More than three-
fourths of this production was synthetic phenol. Sales in 1927
totaled 4,595,162 pounds, valued at $684,160. The unit value of
phenol in 1927 was 15 cents a pound, which is the lowest unit value
since 1921. Table 9 shows production and sales figures from 1917
to 1927, inclusive.
Table 9.-
-Phenol, natural and synthetic: Production and sales in the United States,
1917-1927
Year
Production
Sales
Unit
Quantity
Value
value
1917
Pounds
64, 146, 499
106, 794, 277
1, 543, 659
Pounds
1 $23, 715, 805
1 37, 270, 284
1 155, 624
$0.37
1918
.35
1919
.10
1920..-
1921
292, 645
1, 266, 552
2, 180, 244
8, 273, 598
8, 524, 178
5, 479, 727
4, 595, 162
41,617
268, 311
589, 822
2, 505, 533
1,771,332
987, 631
684, 160
. 14
1922
1,285,978
3,310,911
10, 521, 944
14, 734, 065
8, 691, 181
8, 041, 082
.21
1923 ....
.27
1924
.30
1925. .
.21
Id26
.18
1927
. 15
1 Value of production.
Investigation of phenol under section 315. — On October 31, 1927,
the President proclaimed a decrease in the rate of duty on phenol
from 7 cents per pound and 40 per cent ad valorem to 33^ cents per
pound and 20 per cent ad valorem. This decrease followed a cost of
production investigation by the Tariff Commission undertaken in
June, 1923. Cost data were obtained from domestic and British
manufacturers covering the first half of 1923. The commission's
findings were based upon the difference between foreign and domestic
costs in 1923, but costs were also obtained for a later period. Analysis
of domestic costs in 1925 and 1926 and of foreign and domestic prices
in 1925, 1926, and the last six months of 1927 confirmed the com-
mission's conclusion as to the necessary equalizing duty within the
limitation of section 315.
In 1923 the larger part of the domestic production of phenol was
in the natural form, but with the growing demand for phenol the
7709—28 3
24 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
tendency was toward increased production of the synthetic form.
In 1926 and 1927 more than 75 per cent of the domestic requirements
was supplied by synthetic phenol.
The chief use of phenol is in the manufacture of synthetic resin,
one of the raw materials of molded plastics and varnishes. Other
important uses are as an antiseptic and as a disinfectant; in the manu-
facture of picric acid; in intermediates required in making coal-tar
dyes; and in pharmaceuticals.
There are two methods of making phenol: (1) Either (a) from one
of the fractions in the distillation of coal tar, a by-product resulting
from the manufacture of coke in by-product ovens; or (b) from the
manufacture of coal gas; (2) by a synthetic process from benzene,
a coal-tar derivative. The synthetic process was developed on a
large scale during the war, and since 1923 has again become increasingly
important.
A new process of making synthetic phenol from monochlorbenzene,
developed by a domestic manufacturer, will probably still further
reduce the cost of manufacture.
Taking manufacturing costs in Great Britain as 100, the cost in
the United States was 139 in the first half of 1923. On the basis of
1923 cost data the minimum duty permissible under section 315
is greater than the difference in costs in the United States and Great
Britain, the principal competing country.
From 1909 to 1914, a period when phenol was on the free list,
imports ranged from a minimum in 1911 of 4,371,000 pounds, valued
at $265,780, to a maximum in 1914 of 8,393,000 pounds, valued at
$531,535. During the World War they greatly decreased. Official
statistics show an import of only 256,126 pounds in 1925, valued at
$58,958. Of this quantity, 138,074 pounds came from Great Britain;
89,198 pounds from Germany, and 28,854 pounds from the Nether-
lands. There was a still further decline in 1926 to 218,437 pounds,
valued at $47,351, and in 1927 to the insignificant amount of 500
pounds, valued at $100.
p-amino phenol. — The production of p-amino phenol and hydro-
chloride showed a large increase in 1927 over 1926. This product
is used in fur dyeing, in dye manufacture, and as a photographic
chemical.
Cresylic acid. — Cresylic acid and phenol are joint products of one
of the crude tar acid fractions obtained in the distillation of coal tar.
The two are separated by extraction with caustic soda solution and
fractional distillation. The production of cresylic acid in 1927 shows
a small decrease from the previous year; that of o-cresol, a large
increase.
Investigation of cresylic acid under section 315. — On July 20, 1927,
the President issued a proclamation decreasing the rate of duty on
cresylic acid from 7 cents per pound and 40 per cent ad valorem to
33^ cents per pound and 20 per cent ad valorem. This decrease in
duty was proclaimed after the Tarift' Commission had submitted to
the President the results of its investigation of costs of production
of cresylic acid. Cost data were obtained from domestic and British
manufacturers.
Cresylic acid is manufactured in large quantities from one of the
fractions obtained in distilling coal tar, a by-product of coke (made
in by-product ovens) and of the manufacture of coal gas. In both
COAL-TAR INTERMEDIATES 25
of these operations, special grades of bituminous coal are heated to
a high temperature out of contact with air.
One of the largest uses of refined cresylic acid is in the manufac-
ture of synthetic resins. Another use is in the making of tricresyl-
phosphate, a substitute for camphor in the manufacture of celluloid
and other pyroxylin plastics. Other uses are in the preparation of
disinfectants, antiseptics, germicides, and similar products. It is
difficult to arrive at an accurate estimate of the consumption of
cresylic acid. A rough estimate places domestic consumption in
1925 at 1,600,000 gallons.
Great Britain, the leadmg producer, has large supplies of coal-gas
tar, which is especially rich in cresylic acid. Coke-oven operations
also contribute to the total output. The widespread use of coal-gas
as an illuminant throughout the country explains the importance of
the British mdustry. The United States imports a larger proportion
of her needs from Great Britain than from any other comitry.
From 1917 to 1920 miports of cresylic acid of all grades averaged
1,030,502 gallons a year. In 1921 only 410,963 gallons came in, but
beginning with 1922 imports steadily increased both in quantity and
value until in 1926 they reached a total of 1,019,856 gallons, valued
at $537,536. Less than 1 per cent of the quantity imported in 1920
was dutiable.
Foreign manufacturers control distillation so as to produce certain
grades of cresylic acid, not including cresol USP., which can be
imported into the United States exempt from duty imder the tariff
act of 1922. A portion of the cresylic acid miported duty-free com-
petes with the refined grades produced in the United States. The
intent of paragraph 27 of the act of 1922 is to make dutiable the
refined grades of cresylic acid.
Cresol USP., the refined grade of cresylic acid for use in medici-
nal preparations, must conform to definite standards of purity and
strength officially specified by the United States Pharmacopoeia.
Using the cost data obtamed for the first half of 1923 and taking
manufacturing costs in Great Britain as 100, the cost of producing
cresylic acid in the United States was 197. Supplemental cost data
obtamed by the Tariff Commission for 1924 and 1925 show that costs
in 1924 were 86.2 percent and in 1925, 81.3 per cent of costs in the first
half of 1923.
Benzoic acid. — The production of benzoic acid, USP., in 1927
was 209,733 pounds, as compared with 216,345 pounds in 1926. The
unit sales price declined from 54.8 cents in 1926 to 51 cents in 1927.
Benzoate of soda, used chiefly as a food preservative, showed an
increase in production from 897,848 pounds in 1926 to 1,025,835
pounds in 1927.
Halogenated products. — Conspicuous gains occurred in the output
of the chlorinated intermediates, the foremost of 'which are mono-
chlorobenzene, dichloroaniline, p-dichlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene,
chloro phenol (o and p), and o-p-nitrochlorobenzene.
Malic and maleic acids. — These acids, made synthetically hj the
"cracking" of benzene, are used as substitutes for certain organic
acids. Each of them showed a large increase in production in 1927
over 1926.
Aniline. — The 1927 production of aniline was 27,084,227 pounds,
an increase of 1,055,288 pounds over 1926; the value of sales was 14
26 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
cents per pound, as compared with 14.9 cents in 1926. Aniline hy-
drochloride showed a decreased production from the previous year.
An important intermediate derived from anihne is dimethylanihne,
made by using methanol as the methylating agent in the presence of
a catalyst. Production increased in 1927 as compared with 1926. In
recent years the average sales value per pound has been as follows:
26 cents in 1927, 28.4 cents in 1926, 30 cents in 1925, and 38 cents in
1923.
p-Nitroaniline is used in the production of color lakes, direct green
B and G, and chrome yellow R, certain sulfur dyes, and in producing
Para red directly on the fiber. There was an increase in the produc-
tion of this intermediate in 1927. The unit value of sales increased
from 45 cents in 1926 to 47 cents in 1927.
AcetaniUde, technical, showed a large increase in production in
1927 over 1926. Other anihne derivatives produced in larger quan-
tity in 1927 than in 1926 were: Anihne disulfonic acid, o-chloro-p-
nitroaniline, dibenzylanihne, dichloroaniline, diethylanihne, 2:4: di-
nitroaniUne, m-nitroanihne, and thioanihne. Anihne derivatives show-
ing decreased production in 1927 were: Aniline sulfate, anihne sul-
fonic acid, diethylanihne-m-sulfonic acid, ethyl-anihne (mono),
methylene dianilide, and sulfanihc acid.
Benzoyl yeroxide. — Benzoyl peroxide, used in bleaching flour, and
benzoyl chloride, one of the component raw materials of benzoyl
peroxide, both showed increased production in 1927.
Naphthalene. — The output of refined naphthalene in 1927 was
21,233,131 pounds, as compared with 18,071,619 pounds in 1926.
Derivatives of naphthalene for which a larger production was reported
in 1927 than in 1926 are naphthol A, S., alpha-naphthylamine,
phthalic anhydride, beta amino anthraquinone, and certain anthra-
quinone derivatives.
Naphthol A. S. (b-hydroxy naphthoic anihde) is used in conjunc-
tion with certain other coal-tar intermediates for the direct produc-
tion of bright, fast shades on cotton. Dyes of this group compete
with alizarin and vat dyes.
Phthalic anhydride is made by the catalytic oxidation of naphtha-
lene. The output in 1927 was the highest on record — 4,549,820
pounds. The unit value of sales dropped from $4.23 per pound in
1917 to 20 cents in 1925 and to 17 cents in 1927. In 1914 when our
entire consumption was imported, the invoice value was 24 cents per
pound.
Phthalic anhydride is the raw material for anthraquinone required
in the manufacture of many vat dyes and in alizarin and alizarin
derivatives. It is used directly in the preparation of fluoresceins,
eosines, and rhodamine dyes. Diethylphthalate and other esters of
phthalic acid are made from the anhydride. An important new use
of phthalic anhydride is as a raw material for synthetic resins. For
this purpose it is combined with glycerine. These synthetic resins
are of a new type and promise to have many commercial uses.
Anthraquinone showed a small decrease in production in 1927.
This intemiediate is the basis for a variety of fast dyes known as the
vat and the alizarin colors. It is made from phthalic anhydride and
benzene.
New intermediates. — Of the 313 intermediates made in 1927, 40
were not made in 1926. Manv of the 40 were made for the first time
COAL-TAR INTERMEDIATES
27
in 1927. These intermediates are used in the preparation of new dyes,
rubber chemicals, medicinals, and other finished coal-tar products.
Other intermediates. — Among the many intermediates used in the
preparation of the specialty dyes, the following showed increased
production in 1927: l-amino-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid; 2-chloro-5-
toluidine-4-sulfonic acid; b-aminoanthraqidnone ; methylanthra-
quinone; l-amino-S-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid; anthranilic acid' 1:5-
dihydroxynaphthalene ; ethyl-o-toluidine; quinizarin; tetramethyl-
diaminodiphenyhnethane and pyrazolone derivatives. Among these,
products showing a decreased production were dianisidine; 1-naph-
thylamine-5-sulfonic acid ; chromotro pic acid; xyhdine; J acid urea;
ethylbenzylanihne ; and Michler's ketone.
Tricresyl phosphate, a substitute for triphenyl phosphate in the
manufacture of pyroxyhn plastics, showed an increased production
in 1927. Diphenylamine, a stabilizer used in the manufacture of
smokeless powder, also showed an increase in production.
STATISTICS OF PRODUCTION AND SALES
Table 10 gives the weighted average sales price of a list of domestic
coal-tar intermediates for the period 1921 to 1927, together with the
invoice price of imports of the same intermediates in 1914. The
invoice price is below the cost to the consumer, as it does not include
the profit to the importer and certain other charges.
Table 11 is a detailed record of the produetion and sales of coal-tar
intermediates in 1927.
Table 12, an arrangement of intei mediates in 10 groups of unit
values, shows the quantity and percentage of total production falling
within each group, for the years 1923 to 1927, inclusive.
Table 10. — Coal-tar intermediates: Domestic sales price per pound, 1921-1937,^
and invoice price of same intermediates imported, 1914
Intermediate
Invoice
price
Domestic sales price
1914
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
$0.22
"i.'3o"
1.12
.16
1926
1927
2 $0. 15
2.23
$0.23
.95
2.10
1.39
.22
1.59
.85
.08
$0. 21
.73
1.72
1.10
.15
1.34
.83
.07
$0.26
.68
1.51
1.13
.16
.95
.80
.07
3.69
.15
.48
.38
.06
.22
.40
.69
.27
1..32
.29
.17
.25
.13
.93
.43
$0. 23
.65
1.18
1.11
.16
.95
.74
.06
3.34
.16
.40
.34
.05
.22
1.00
.43
.64
.30
1.27
.24
.17
.23
.13
.86
.39
$i."62"
1.05
.15
$0.21
l-Amino-8-naphthol-3:6-di.sulfoiiic acid (H acid)-.
2-Amiiio-8-nar)hthol-6-sulfciiic acid (gamma acid)
.41
.75
p-Aminophenol and hydrochloride.-
2.16
2.08
2.19
2.31 3.55
2.09
2.40
3.09
1.02
Aniline oil
.14
.Anthraquinone
Benzidine
.72
.06
".'ie'
'".'36"
.05
.20
.73
.06
2.19
.16
.49
.28
.05
.65
Chlorobenzene (mono) .-
.06
Dianisidine
2.17
p-Dichloro benzene ---
Diethylaniline
.16
.97
.54
.06
.39
1.22
.44
.85
.14
1.70
.39
.24
.42
.25
1.14
.49
.16
""."32"
.06
.24
.96
.39
.68
.21
1.39
.35
.19
.27
.18
.94
.33
.15
Dimethylaniline
3.15
3.018
2.07 3.09
.26
Naphthalene, solidifying 79° or above (refined,
flake) - - -
.05
b-Naphthol, technical-
.19
l-Xaphthol-4-suIfonic acid (Nevile & Winther's)
.83
l-Naphthyb.mine-4-sulfonic acid (naphthionic
acid)---
"".'21'
1.16
.20
.16
.23
.17
.81
1-
.40
.18
1.06
.18
.15
.22
.23
.73
.36
.36
p-Xitroaniline
2. 13 3. 14
.06
2.313.44
2.25
2.06 3.16
.47
Phenol _ -.
.15
p-Phenylsnediamine - . - ..
Phthalic acid and anhydride
.17
Sulfanilic acid.. -
.14
Thiocarbanilide
.21
o-Toluidine-
2.09 3.10
2.19
3.12
.22
in-Tolylenediamine
.69
Xvlidine and salt . . .
.35
' Weighted average. For 1917 to 1920 see Census of Dyes and Other Synthetic Organic Chemicals, 1924.
2 .\rtificial Dyestuffs Used in the United States, Special Agents Series 121, Department of Commerce.
3 Chemicals and Allied Products Used in the United States, Miscellaneous Series No. 82, Department
of Commerce.
28
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 11. — Coal-tar infermediates, production and sales, 1927
[The numbers in the second column refer to the numbered alphabetical list of manufacturers printed on
page 1S8. An X signifies that the manufacturer did not consent to the publication of his identification
number with the designated product. A blanlc in the third and fourth columns indicates that the sales
figures can not be published without revealing information in regard to the output of individual firms.
A blank in the sixth column indicates that the production of the corresponding product in the United
States can not be published without revealing information in regard to the output of individual firms.
The figures thus concealed are, however, included in the total]
Intermediate
Total -.-
Acetaldehyde aniline and deriva-
tives.
Acetanilide, tech
Acetoacetanilide_..
Acetyl - p - phenylenediamine
(p-aminoacetani!ide.)
Acet yl-p-t oluidine
a-Aminoanthraquinone
b-Aminoanthraquinone
Aminoazobenzene
Aminoazobenzene sulfonic acid--
Aminoazotoluene
Aminoazoxylene
p-Aminobenzoic acid
Aminobenzoyl J acid
o-Am ino-p-chlorophenol
p-Aminodimethy!aniline
1 - Amino - 2 - naphthol - 4 -sulfonic
Ecid.
1 - Amino - 8 - naphthol - 4 - sul-
fonic acid.
1 - Amino - 8 - naphthol - 2: 4- di-
sulfonic acid (Chicago acid).
1-A m i n o-8-naphthol-3: 6-disul-
fonic acid (H-acid).
2- A m i n o-5-naphthol-7-sulfonic
acid (J acid).
2-A m i n o-8-naphthol-6-sulfonic
acid (gamma acid).
2-Amino-8-naphthol-3: 6-disul -
fonic acid.
Aminonaphthylamine trisulfon-
ic acid.
O-Amiuophenol
o-Aminophenol-p-sulfonic acid...
p-Aminophenol and hydrochlo-
ride.
p-Aminophenyl arsonic acid
Aminophenyl tolylamine sulfon-
ic acid (nerol acid).
Aminosalicylic acid
Anhydroformaldehyde - p - tol-
uidine.
Aniline hydrochloride
Aniline oil.
Manufacturers' identi-
fication numbers (ac-
cording to list on p. 188)
Sales
Aniline sulfate
Aniline sulfonic acid.
Aniline disulfonic acid
1-A u i 1 i n e-2-methylanthraqui-
none.
o-Anisidine
o-Anisdine sulfonic acid
Anthranilic acid (o-aminobenzoic
acid).
Anthraquinone (100 per cent)
Anthraquinone-2: 1-acridone
Antliraqumone-1: 5-dihydroxy
(anthrarufin).
Anthraqumone-l: 5-d isulfonic
acid.
Anthraquinone-2: 7-disulfonic
acid
Anthraquinone-2-sodium sulfon-
ate (silver salt).
Benzaldehyde
Benzanthrone
Quantity
Pounds
92, 917, 439
7,31,46,98, 138, X
7, 134.
6, 7, 46, 70, 107, 138, 162.
31, 46, 123, 138-
7
7, 46, 107, 112
7,31, 46,47, 73, 107...
7, 46, 107, 109, 112
46, 47, 73, 107, 109, X.
73, 107
46, 136....
46
62
6, 69
31,46, 107, 109, 121.
31,70, 107, 112
31, 46, 107, 112
46, 70, 101, 107, 112.
6, 31, 46, 107, 112...
31, 46, 107, 109, 112..
6, 107
70-
64, 156
7,70, 107, 162
7, 46, 51, 64, 70, 131,
156, 162, 165, X.
102_
31,112
6, 7, 31, 46, 112-
46
23, 46, 107
23, 45, 46, 98, 103, 107,
108.
73,108,125.
107
112, X
46
46, 103, 112.
107...
45, 103
14, 85, 107, 112.
46
70
70, 112
107
14, 46, 107, 112.
61, 75, 98, 143..
107, 112
220, 473
13, 557, 874
Value
$20, 127, 459
224, 041
1,917,780
Average,
price per
pound
Production
(quantity)
Pounds
240, 073, 184
1, 990, 242
104, 168
384, 266
96, 522
43, 987
85, 612
684, 134
98, 550
2, 404, 168
168, 730
354, 653
24, 302
356, 928
....! 37,161
"h"'" 27,084'2'27
COAL-TAR INTERMEDIATES 29
Table 11. — Coal-tar intermediates, production and sales, 1927 — Continued
Manufacturers' identi-
fication numbers (ac-
cording to list on p. 188)
Sales
Intermediate
1
Quantity
Value
Average
price per
pound
Production
(quantity)
Benzidine base and salt
31, 46, 61, 107
Pounds
Pounds
1, 306, 369
Benzidine disulfonic acid
7, 63....
Benzoate of ammonia
X
Benzoate of soda
46, 75, 77, 96, 136, X
<)8fi. 044
.U.'vt. 0.57
$0.46
1.02.5.8.3,'i
Benzoic acid, tech
75, X ,. ' 1
1
Benzoic acid, US P
46, 77, 96, 136, X 111. 218 i .^fiSOQ
.51 209,733
Benzot richloride.
Benzoyl chloride
13,75,77,96 I
Benzoyl J acid
109,112
Benzoyl peroxide
117,136 .. .
_ . _ J
Benzylamine
108 . - - -
t
Benzyl chloride
75, 143.
j
Broenner'sacid. ( See 2-naphthy-
lamine-6-sulfonic acid.)
Chloroacetophenone -.
51
i
p-C hloro-o-aminophenol
162
1.
p-Chloroaniline and sulfonic acid.
7
.1
o-C hlorobenzaldehyde
107..
1
Chlorobenzanthrone -
46
1 j 1..
Chlorobenzene (mono)
45. 77. 103, 143
6,351,891 .3,50.915 1 .06 I 13.962.263
Chlorometanilic acid
46,70,107,109,112
24, 396
6-C h 1 r o-4-methoxy-3-hvdroxy
46
thio-naphthalene.
31.
o-Chloro-p-nitroaniline
70,97,139 .
25, 480
162
Chlorophenol (ortho and para)..
46,52
109
1
rhioropyrazolone-p-sulfonic acid.
46
!
o-Ch!orotoluene-p-sulfonic acid..
46
o-Chloro-m-toluidine-p-sul f onic
7
acid.
2-Chloro-5-to!uidine-4-s ul f o n ic
46, 97, 138
acid.
ChromotroDic acid. (See 1:8-
dihy droxy napththalene-3:6-
disulfonic acid.)
Cresidine
46
o-Cresol, purity of 90 per cent or
more.
Cresylic acid, refined (distillates
12
12, X
yielding below 215° C. tar acids
equal to more than 75 per cent
of the original distillate).
X
7, 107, X
112
Dehydrothio-p-toluidine sulfonic
acid.
31,63, 112 ...
28, 957
112
125
o-Diaminophenol sulfonic acid...
109
46, 107, 112
150, 231
31,46, 107, 112
....
83, 437
l-Diazo-2-n a p h t h 1-4-s u 1 f n i c
acid.
31,46 70,107 109, 121
273, 836
107
112
l:5-Dibenzoyldiaminoanthra-
quinone.
Dibenzoyldiaminodlanthraquin-
onylimide.
46
46.
.
46
31,112,156, 162
76, 667
' 125
2:5-DichloroaniMne-4-sulfonicacid
109
45, 103
45, 77, 103, 143
2, 856, 560
440,053
.15
2, 770, 699
p-Dichloronitrobenzene
112
52
Dichlorophenylhydrazine sul-
fonic acid.
Dichlorosulfophenylpyrazolone.-
Dichlorosulfophenylmethylpyra-
zolone.
Diethylamine
125
! 31, 109
125
t
1 164
30 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 11. — Coal-tar intermediates, production and sales, 1927 — Continued
Manufacturers' identi-
fication numbers (ac-
cording to list on p. 188)
Sales
Intermediate
Quantity
Value
Average
price per
pound
Production
(quantity)
Diethyl-m-aminophenol
46
Pounis
Pounds
Diethylaniline
45, 164
Diethylamline-m-sulfonic acid...
46_.
Diformyl-m-tolylenediamine
31....
5:5-Dihydroxy-7:7-disulfomc-2:2-
46
dinaphthylamine (Rhoduline
acid) .
5:5-Dihydroxy-7:7-disulfomc-2:2-
31, 107, 112
dinaphthylurea (J acid urea) .
l:5-Dihvdroxynaphthalene
46, 70, 107, 109..
19, 768
l:8-Dihydroxynaphthalene-3;6-di-
sulfonic acid (chromotropic acid) .
Dimetliylamine
Dimethylaniline..
101, 107, 112. ' .1
46,164 '
23,46,107 '
3, 003, 869
2:2-D methyl-1 :l-dianthraquinonyl
46.
Dimethyldiphenylurea _.
46 '
Dimethylphenylbenzylammoni-
X
um disulfonic acid, calcium salt
(Leukotrope W).
2:4-Dinitroaniline
7,97
Dinitroanthraquinone
109
Dinitrobenzene
23, 46, 107
684, 235
$95, 542
$0.14
1, 587, 411
m-Dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. .
70
Dinitrochloroanisole
31...
Dinitrochlorobenzeno,
46, 70, 107
8, 039, 445
Dinitrohydroxydiphenylamine . _
31,70
Dinitrophenol and sodium salt...
7, 70, 85
Dinitrophenyl ester of dimethy-
X
dithiocarbonic acid.
Dinitrostilbene.
46, 107
Dinitrostilbene disulfonic acid...
31,63
Dinitrotolueue
23, 46, 47, 73, 107, 112, X.
46
3, 164, 076
399, 327
.13
4, 682, 738
Diphenylamine
Dlphenylguanidine..
44, 46, 107, 132, 134, X, X
107
1,571,877
939, 041
.60
1, 552, 216
Distilbenediphenol
o-Ditolylguanidine.
Ditolylmethane
46, X, Xl...
107...
1, 604, 012
1, 144, 245
.71
1, 597, 655
o-Ditolylthiourea
46. 69, 134
6-Ethoxy-3-hydroxy thionaphth-
46 .
alene.
Ethyl- p-amiono benzoate
102
E thyl-o-amino-p-cresol
46
Ethylaniline (mono)
46, 107
Ethylbenzene
25
Ethylbenzylaniline
46, 107
Ethylbenzylaniline sulfonic acid.
31, 70, 107
Ethylbenzylaniline disulfonic
46
acid.
Ethyl-o-toluidine
46.
Ethyl-o-toluidine-p-sulfonic acid .
46...
Ethvlidine aniline and deriva-
108, 132. .
tives.
Ethylmethylaniline
23.
Fluorescein...
7, 39, 73
Formalidehyde-p-aminoaniline . .
69
Eormanilide (anhydroformalde-
46,132,134,138
67, 787
21, 825
.32
146, 720
hyde aniline).
Formyl-m-phenylenediamine
31
Gamma acid {See 2-amino-8-
naphthol 6-sulfonic acid) .
H acid (See l-amino-8-naphthol-
3:C-disulfonic acid).
Heptylidine aniline
108
p-Hydroxy benzoic acid
102
b-Hydroxy naphthoic acid
31,46
b-Hydroxy naphthoic anilide
7,46
(naphthol AS).
p-Hydroxy phenyl arsonic acid
95.
and sodium salt.
Indamine
6
Indophenol
6
'": 1
J Acid {See 2-amino-5-naphthol
7-sulfonicacid).
Laurent's acid {See 1-naphthyl-
'
amine-5-sulfonic acid) .
Lead dithiobenzoate.
108
1
IMaleic acid
107 !.. .1
1
COAL-TAR INTERMEDIATES 31
Table 11. — Coal-tar intermediates, production and sales, 1927 — -Continued
Intermediate
Manufacturers' identi-
fication numbers (ac-
cording to list on p. 188)
dl-Malic acid
Mercapto-beczo-thiazole
Mercurichloroplienol
Metanilic acid
Methoxyaminoazobenzene sul-
fonic acid.
Metliyl aniline sulfonic acid
Methyl anthraquinone :
Methylhydroxybenzoate
Methylhydroxynitrobenzoate
Metliylene dianilide.
Metliylene-p-toluidine
Michler's liydrol {See tetra-
methyldiaminobenzhydrol) .
Micliler's Itetone {See tetra-
methyldiaminobenzophenone).
Naphthalene, solidifying 79°C.
or above (refined, fialje).
b-Naphthalene sulfonic acid
1:5-Naphthalene disulfonic acid.
2:7-Naphthalene disulfonic acid.
1-Naphthalido anthraquinone-
2-carboxylic acid.
a-Naphthidin
Naphtho-l:8-sultam-2:4-disulfon-
ic acid (sultam acid).
a-Naphthol
b-Naph thol, tech
l-Nap'ithol-4-sulfonic acid (Ne-
vile &. Winther's acid).
l-Naphthol-5-sulfonic acid
l-Naphthol-8chloro-3:(5-disulfonic
acid (chloro H acid).
l-Naphthol-3 : 6 : 8-trisulfonic acid.
2-Naphthol-l-sulfonic acid
2-Naphthol-6-sulfonic acid (Schaef-
fer's acid).
2-Naphthol-7-sulfonic acid
2-Naphthol-8-sulfonic acid
2-Naphthol-3 : 6-disulfonic acid . . .
2-Naphthol-6:8-disulfonic acid...
a-Naphthylamine
b-Naphthylamine
l-Naphthylamine-4-amino-6 and
7-sulfonic acid.
l-Naphthylamine-4-sulfonic acid
(naphthionic acid).
l-Naphtyhlamine-5-sulfonic acid
(Laurent's acid).
l-Naphthylamine-6-sulfonic acid.
l-Naphthylamine-6- and 7-sul-
fonic acid.
l-Naphthylamine-8-sulfonic acid.
l-Naphthylamine-3 : 8-disulfonic
acid.
l-Naphthylamine-4 : 8-disulfonic
acid.
l-Naphthylamine-3: 6: 8-trisulfon-
ic acid.
2-Naphthylamine-l-sulfonic acid.
2-Naphthylamine-6-sulfonic acid
(Brocnuer's acid).
2-Naphthylamine-4 : 8-disulfonic
acid.
2-Naphthylamine-5 : 7-disulfonic
acid.
2-Naphthylamine-6 : 8-disulfonic
acid.
2-Naphthylamine-3:6:8-trisulfon-
ic acid.
p-Nitroacetanilide
Nitroamino phenol
m-Nitroaniline
107....
134, X.
46
6, 7, 4C, 70, 73, 107, 109,
112.
X
63
85, 112.
102....
102
46
X
Sales
Quantity
Pounds
Value
12,23,89,112,161.
138.. -
46
46, 138.
46
162.
46.-
31, 46, 73, 107, 148, X.
23,31,73,138
7,31,46,107,112
31,46,70,101,107,112.
107. -_
10, 640
107, 112
46
6, 7,31,46,47,70, 107.
31, 138
31, X.
7, 23, 31, 46, 70, 107,
138, 139, 158.
31, 46, 107
12, 70, 107, 112
31,46, 107, 138
112
7, 31, 73, 107, 112, X..
6,46, 73, 107, 109, 112.
107, X
6, 31, 46, 107, 112.
85, 209
34, 085
6, 46, 107, 109, 112.
31, 46
31, 46, 107, 112..
46, 101, 107, 112_
6, 31, 46, 138.
31, 46, 107....
31,46, 107, 112
31,46, 107, 112
31, 46, 107, 109, 112.
138, X
7, 31, 47, 70, 107, 109,
162.
6, 7,23,46, 156
1,168
1,182
Average
price per
pound
0.83
Production
(quantity)
Pounds
542, 969
21,233,131
230, 774
6, 143, 613
78, 024
159, 343
108, 735
671,081
191, 704
596,612
1,007; 708
96, 425
148, 098
212, 692
191, 107
2, 806, 239
24, 290
51,339
331,117
570, 164
35, 022
32 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 11. — Coal-tar intermediates, production and sales, 1927 — Continued
Manufacturers' identi-
fication numbers (ac-
cording to list on p. 188)
Sales
Intermediate
Quantity
Value
Average
price per
pound
Production
(quantity)
p-Nitroaniline
7, 103. X
Pounds
1
Pounds
747, 764
p-Nitroaniline sulfonic acid
p-Nitro-o-anisidine. ..-
6, 31,46, 63, 70, 162....
...1.
33, 328
46..
1
o-Nitroanisole
31, 46, 103, 112
146, 827
41, 774, 036
Nitrobenzene
23,46, 107, 108, 112
63
2, 219, 109
$190,010 $0.09
Nitrobenzene sulfonic acid
p-Nitrobenzoic acid
1,46, 136..
58, 100
Nitroehloroanisole - --
31
Nitrochlorobenzene, (ortho and
46, 103
para) .
p-Nitrochlorobenzene-o - sulfonic
46, 63, 70, 107, 112
82, 133
acid.
Nitrocresol
46
Nitrocresol methyl ether
46
Nitrocumene.-
107...
8-Nitro-l-diazo-2-naphthol-4-sul-
31, 46, 70
fonic acid.
p-Nitrodimethylaniline.
7
3-Nitro-4-hydroxyphenvI arsonic
95, 102.. .-
acid.
Nitronaphthalene.-
12, 46, 70, 112
p-Nitrophenetole
46.
o-Nitrophenol
156
p-Nitrophenol
46, 103, 156
Nitrosophenol.
7, 14 ,31, 46, 47, 51, 70
107, X.
23, 70, 85, 107, 112 ..
405, 663
Nitrosodimethylaniline ..
98, 730
Nitrotoluene ..
23, 46, 73, 107, 112
5, 731, 718
o-Nitrotoluene
46, 107, 112 i ..
3, 402, 714
o-Nitrotoluene sulfonic acid
63, 109 L^_
p-Nitrotoluene
46, 107, 112
1,808.028
p-NitrotoIuene-o-sulfonic acid
6.31,46, 107, 112, 123.-
693, 948
p-Nitro-o-toluidine
31,46
m-Nitro-p-toluidine . .
31,46,138..
234, 983
390, 260
1.66
256, 104
Nitroxvlene. _.
46, 107, 112
287, 562
Oxalylarsanilic acid.
102
Oxalvl-p-nitroaniline
46 -. '.
Oxalvl-m-phenvlenediamine
46, 107.
Oxalyl-p-phenylenediamine
46
Phenazine
6..
Phenol
12, 45, 52, 103
4, 595, 162
684,160
.15
8, 041, 082
Phenyl - 2 - amino - 6 - naphthol -
6
8-sulfonic acid.
Phenvl - 2 - amino - 5 - naphthol -
46, 112
7-sulfonic acid (phenyl J acid) .
Phenyl - 2 - amino - 8 - naphthol -
46
6-sulfonic acid (phenyl gamma
acid) .
Phenyl-a-naphthvlamine
46
Phenyl - 1 - naphythylamine - 8 -
sulfonic acid.
Phenylduncthvlaminopvrazolone
6,46,70, 107, 109, 112..
102
6,713
7,276
1.08
266, 197
m-Phenylenediamine .".
7, 23, 31, 46, 70, 73, 107,
109, 112, 121, 156.
31, 46, 107...
48,098
43, 432
.90
665, 896
m-Phenvlenediamine sulfonic
24,069
acid.
p-Phenvlenediamine
64, X
Phenylglycine, sodium salt
45, 46, 107
9, 738, 449
Phenylhydrazine and hydro-
46, 63, 125
31,551
chloride.
125
63, 125 1
Phenylmethylpyrazolone sul-
fonic acid.
7, 46, 125
109
Phthalic acid and anhydride
46,103. 107, 135..
23, 46, 107
4, 064, 476
686, 946
.17
4, 549, 820
Primuline, base
31, 107, 112, X
167,000
107
7.107
107
Resorcinol, tech
123, 131
Resorcinol, USP
123, 131
73 . ...
45, 70, 75, 100, 103
3, 269. 243
Salicylic acid, US P
45, 75, 103
1, 455, 496
451,214
.31
2, 618, 829
Succinic acid
93.. ■.
COAL-TAR INTERMEDIATES 33
Table 11. — Coal-tar intermediates, production and sales, 1927 — Continued
Manufacturers' identi-
fication numbers (ac-
cording to list on p. 188)
Sales
Intermediate
Quantity
Value
Average
price per
pound
Production
(quantity)
Sulfanilic acid .
7, 23, 31, 40, 73, 93, 107,
125.
102
Pounds
Pounds
1, 328, 475
Sulfoaminobeuzoic acid
o-Sulfobenzoic acid .
78
o-Sulfo benzoic acid, ammonium
78
salt.
o-Sulfobenzoic acid, chloride
78 .
Sulfophenylpyrazolone
109
Tetraaminoditolylmethane
46, 125
Tetrachlorofluorescein
73._..
Tetramethyldiaminobenzhvdrol
46
(Michler'shydrol).
Tetramethvldiaminobenzophe-
46
none (Michler's ketone).
Tetramethyldiaminodiphenyl-
23, 46, 70, 107 .
630, 945
methane.
Tliioaniline . .
6
Thiocarbanilide -
46, 69, 107, 108, 134
46, 107, 112
556, 319
$114, 985
$0.21
930, 808
Tolidine and salts
127, 942
Toluene sulfamide (ortho and
103.
para) .
p-Toluene sulfochloride
103
p-Toluene sulfonic acid, ethyl
156
ester.
Toluidine
23,31,46, 107
m-ToIuidine sulfonic acid..
46
!
o-Toluidine ..
23, 46, 107, 112 . .
1, 152, 884
258, 935
.22
2, 289, 728
o-Toluidine sulfonic acid
7,46,73...
p-To!uidine
46, 107, 112, X
839, 373
7, 46, 109, 162
and di).
m-Tol vlenediamine
6, 31, 46, 47, 70, 73, 107,
112.
7, 46, 107...
229, 327
158, 220
.69
804, 890
m-Tolvlenediamine sulfonic acid.
17, 488
p-Tolylenediamine sulfate . .
47
Tolyl - 1 - naphthylamine - 8 - sul-
6, 46, 70, 107, 112
53, 563
fonic acid (tolyl-peri acid).
Tricresyl phosphate
27
46, 107.
Tritolylguanidine
X..
j
Xvlidine and salt
46, 107, 112
1
183, 084
m-Xvlidine
46, 112
m-Xylidine sulfonic acid
46
pXvlidine
112
" "
All other. . .
107
Table 12.
-Intermediates: Production, by groups, according to unit values,
1923-1927
1923
1924
1925
19%
1927
Group
Per
Per
Per
Per
Per
Pounds
cent
of
Pounds
cent
of
Pounds
cent
of
Pounds
cent
of
Pounds
cent
of
total
total
total 1
total
total
0-15 cts...
104, 419, 258
45. 127
88, 160, 641
47.247
89, 686, 885
42.566135,324,911
58.93
150,641,892
T52.75
16-25 cts-.
50, 233, 638
21. 709
37, 3.59, 904
20.022 62,801,070
29.806 47,228,385
20.57 34,353,105
14.31
26-50 cts . _
42, 556, 640
18. 391
37, 179, 993
19.925 32,081,452
15.226 24,130,013
10.51 29,973,693
12.49
51-75 cts. .
16, 486, 159
7.125
10, 588, 270
5.674 13,442,218
6.380 10,571,635
4.60; 14,498,391
6.04
$0.76-$l...
9, 664, 153
4.176
6, 246, 565
3. 348 5, 787, 165,
2. 747| 7, 097, 246
3.09i 4,797,843
2.00
$1.01-$1.50
5, 587, 436
2.415
4, 112, 585
2. 204 3, 632, 570
1.724 2,621,011
1.14! 2,604,940
1.08
$1.51-$2...
914, 837
..395
968, 676
.519 1,614,041'
.766 1,434,404
.62
2, 022, 746
.84
$2.01-$3...
951, 521
.411
1,407,047
. 7541 994, 224
. 472: 916, 665
.40
763, 153
.31
$3.01-$4...
136, 302
.059
303,938
.163 111,432
. 053, 144, 587
.06
281, 366
.12
Over $4...
443, 927
.192
268, 943
. 144] 548, 722
. 260 184, 945
.08
136, 055
.06"
Total.. -
231, 393, 871
100
186, 596, 562
100
210, 699, 779 100
229,653,802
100
240, 073, 184
100
34 census of dyes and other synthetic chemicals
Dyes and Other Finished Coal-tar Products
INTRODUCTION
Finished coal-tar products may be divided into eight classes:
(1) Dyes, (2) color lakes, (3) photographic chemicals (developers),
(4) medicinals, (5) flavors, (6) perfume materials, (7) synthetic
phenolic resins, (8) synthetic tanning materials. In previous reports
the Tariff Commission has emphasized the close relationship exist-
ing between the manufacture of dyes and that of explosives and
poisonous gases. The dye industry is now considered a key industry
by the industrial nations of the world. Closely connected also with
dyes is the mp^nufacture of flavors, perfume materials, photographic
chemicals, medicinals, and other coal-tar products, which, although
produced in smaller quantities, use as raw materials many of the
by-products obtained in the manufacture of coal-tar dyes.
The total production of dyes and other finished coal-tar products
in 1927 bv 130 firms was 133,357,423 pounds; in 1926, 134 firms
produced 122,752,021 pounds. Sales in 1927 amounted to 136,206,835
pounds, valued at $61,272,645. The quantity of production and
of sales in 1927 was a record in the history of the domestic industry.
Table 27, page 60, shows the 1927 production of dyes and other
finished coal-tar products in as great detail as is possible without
disclosing the output of individual manufacturers.
SUMMARY OF PRODUCTION OF DYES
INCREASE IN PRODUCTION
The output of dyes in 1927 by 55 firms was 95,167,905 pounds,
an increase of 8.2 per cent over 1926. Sales totaled 98,339,204 pounds,
valued at $38,532,795, as compared with 86,255,836 pounds, valued
at $36,312,648 in 1926.
The increase in the production of all dyes is almost entirely due
to the increased output of indigo, sulfur black and vat dyes (other
than indigo). The increase in sales is largely attributable to the
increase in sales of sulfur black, indigo, other vat, direct and acid dyes.
Outstanding features of 1927 were (1) a record output of the two
bulk dyes, indigo a,nd sulfur black, and of vat dyes (not including
indigo); (2) a further decrease in the number of dye manufacturers;
(3) a decline in prices; (4) an increase in quantity and a decrease in
the value of exports.
Table 13. — Coal-tar dyes: Domestic production and sales, 1914 ond 1917-1927
Year
Production
Sales
Year
Production
Sales
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
1914
Pounds
6, 619, 729
45, 977, 246
58,464 446
63, 402, 194
88, 263, 776
39, 008, 690
Pounds
1 $2,470,096
I 57, 796, 228
1 62, 026, 390
J 67, 598, 855
1 95, 613, 749
39, 283, 956
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
Pounds
64, 032, 187
93, 667, 524
68, 679, 000
86, 345, 438
87, 978, 624
95, 167, 905
Pounds
69, 107, 105
86, 567, 446
64,961,433
79, 303, 451
86, 255, 836
98, 339, 204
$41,463,790
1917..
47, 223, 161
1918
35, 012, 400
1919
37, 468, 332
1920
36,312,648
1921
47, 513, 762
38, 532, 795
» Value of production.
DYES AND OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS
35
Stoclcs on hand. — Commencing with 1924, the commission has pub-
hshed annually figures as to the quantity of certain dyes on hand at
the beginning of the year. Table 14 giving stocks on hand January
1, 1927, and January 1, 1928, for a selected Est of dyes, shows a reduc-
tion in that period of more than 33^ million pounds.
Table 14. — Domestic dyes: Stocks on hand, January 1, 1927, and January 1, 1928
20-.
31..
79-.
138.
151.
179.
189-
202.
208.
234.
246-
289.
326-
332.
365.
370.
401.
406.
448.
518-
520.
581.
582.
593-
596.
620.
640.
655.
680.
812.
814.
1177-
Chrysoidine Y
Amidonaphtbol red G
Ponceau 2 R
Metanil yellow
Orauge II
Azo rubine
Lake red R
Chrome blue black U
Fast acid blue R_
Resorcin brown B
Acid black 10 B
Fast cyanine 5R
Direct fast scarlet
I Bismarck brown 2R..
I Chrysophenine G
I Congo red
I Developed black BHN
Direct blue 2 B
I Benzopui-purine 4B
Direct pure blue 6 B
I Direct pure blue
Direct black E W
I Direct black R X
I Direct green B._
I Direct brown 3 G O
Direct yellow R
Tartrazine
.\uramine
Methyl violet
Primuline
Direct fast yellow
Nigrosine (spirit soluble)
Nigrosine (water soluble)
Sulfur black _.
Sulfur blue
Sulfur brown
Sulfur yellow
Indigo, 20 per cent paste
Anthraquinone vat dyes (single strength)
Zambesi black
Total.
Pounds
301, 526
65, 069
122, 814
134. 364
220, 419
116,494
108, 399
165,364
103, 331
127, 449
511.445
195, 923
121, 668
161, 665
233. 365
781, 545
224, 713
573, 349
187, 957
221, 992
159, 065
2, 180, 105
331, 998
147, 794
329, 094
146, 461
161,223
116,989
199, 039
104, 736
68,109
93, 339
426, 518
6, 654, 510
379, 746
606,833
236, 692
12, 376, 020
718, 960
120, 878
30. 233, 079
Pounds
197, 917
39, 592
145, 029
133,115
231, 445
81,774
103, 992
189, 252
68, 465
106, 233
401, 365
149, 881
162, 524
121, 502
234, 902
642, 462
228, 474
379, 782
174, 164
192, 579
129, 472
1, 503, 979
255, 392
157, 447
228, 895
164, 669
91, 697
137, 706
189, 685
85, 027
42,200
122,091
246, 062
6, 691, 251
365. 608
524, 772
278. 256
10, 205, 042
1, 200, 815
147, 458
26, 729, 579
FURTHER DECLINE IN DOMESTIC DYE PRICES
The weighted average price of all domestic dyes sold in 1927 was
7 per cent less than the weighted average of those sold in 1926. Com-
petition among domestic manufacturers has been severe, resulting in
price concessions in both high and low priced dyes. Since 1917 prices
have steadily dechned.
It is doubtful whether in recent years the domestic industry, as a
whole, has had a reasonable return on its capital investment, as many
dyes were sold at or near their cost of production. The reduction of
3 cents per pound in 1926-27 entailed an approximate loss of S3, 000,-
000 on the income from sales. Had the average price received for dves
in 1921 prevailed in 1927, sales in 1927 would have totaled $81,621, .539
instead of the actual figure — $38,532,795.
36
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 15 shows the w^eighted average sales price per pound, of
domestic dyes for 1917 and for 1920 to 1927.
Table 15. — Domestic dyes: Weighted average sales 'price per pound,^ 1917 and
1920-1927
Year
Weighted
average
sales price
of domes-
tic dyes
Year
Weighted
average
sales price
of domes-
tic dyes
1917
2 $1. 26
1.08
.83
.60
1923
$0.55
1920
1924 . . .
.54
1921
1925
.47
1922
1926
.42
1927
.39
1 The total value of all dyes divided by the total quantity.
2 Unit value of production.
Table 16 shows the sales prices of nearly 100 domestic dyes for
the years 1923 to 1927, inclusive, with the invoice prices of the same
types of dyes imported in 1914. The dyes for which statistics are
given in this table constitute about 90 per cent of domestic produc-
tion. Strictly speaking, domestic sales prices can not, of course, be
compared with invoice prices, for the reason that the latter do not
represent the cost to the consumer, since they do not include the
importer's profit and the usual charges for containers, packing, freight,
insurance to seaport, consular certification, and minor shipping charges
at a point of departure and at seaport.
The colour index nmnber in Table 16 is indicated in the first column.
The second colmiin gives the type name of the dye adopted by the
Tariff Commission for designating all dyes reported under a given
colour index number.
The invoice price (1914) shown in column 3 represents the weighted
average of all dyes classified under a given number in "Artificial
dyestuft's used in the United States," Department of Commerce,
Special Agents' Series No. 121 . The figures in column 4, the domestic-
sales price as reported to the Tariff Commission, represent the weighted
average price of all dyes reported under a given colour index number.
Table 16. — Domestic sales prices of certain dyes, 1923-1927, compared with invoice
values of dyes of the same kind im,ported in 1914
Col-
our
Index
No.
Common name
1914
invoice
value
imported
dyes
(weight-
ed aver-
age of all
types)
Average price per pound
1923 1924
1925
1926
$0. 43
$0.34
.45
.36
.52
.44
.53
.46
.42
.50
.45
.58
.55
.54
.51
.48
.56
.56
.69
.64
.88
.78 :
1927
20
21
27
31
36
•40
57
79
88
138
146
Chrysoidine V
Chrysoidine K
Orange G _ , .
Amido naphthol red G.
Chronic yellow 2G
Chroriu> yellow R.
Amido naphthol red 6B
Ponceau 2R
Bordeaux B
Metanil yellow -_.
Azo yellow
$0. 136
. 165
.148
.150
.077
.154
.604
.095
. 159
. 164
.249
$0.58
.57
.59
.71
.52
.61
.78
.58
.73
.80
1.06
$0.49
.50
.55
.57
.49
.54
.70
.55
.62
.72
.96
$0.33
.35
.49
.43
.49
.61
.&4
.41
.53
.58
DYES AND OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS
37
Table 16. — Domestic sales prices of certain dyes, 192S~1927, compared with invoice
values of dyes of the same kind imported in 1914 — Continued
Common name
1914
invoice
value
imported
dyes
(weight-
ed aver-
age of all
types)
Average price per pound
1923
1924
1925
1926
Orange II
Acid chrome brown B...
Fast red A
Azo rubine
Fiistred VR
Amaranth
Lake red R
Mordant yellow
Chrome blue black U
Fast acid blue R
Acid black lOB
Brilliant croceine
Cloth red 2B..
Fast cyanine 5R
Chrome black F
Fast cyanine black B
Naphthylamine black D.
Bismarck brown
Bismarck brown 2R
Chrysophenine G
Direct violet N
Developed black BHN-.
Direct blue 2B
Chrysamine Q
Direct orange R
Direct fast red F
Direct brown M
Benzopurpurine 4B
Direct blue 3B
Benzopurpurine lOB
Direct blue R\V
Direct pure blue 6B
Direct pure blue
Direct black EW
Direct black RX
Direct green B
Direct green Q
Direct brown 3G0
Congo brown Q
Direct brown G
Direct yellow R
Chloramine orange G
Tartrazine
Auramine
Malachite green
Acid green B.
Magenta
Methyl violet
Acid violet
Alkali blue
Wool green S
Eosine.
Phosphine
Primuline
Direct fast yellow
Induline (spirit-soluble)
Induline (water-soluble)
Nigrosine (spirit -soluble)
Nigrosine (water-soluble)
Gallocyanine
Methylene blue
Sulfur black
Sulfur blue -
Sulfur brown
Sulfur tan
Sulfur maroon
Sulfur yellow
Alizarin brown
Anthraquinone vat dark blue BO.
Anthraquinone vat blue GCD
Indigo, synthetic
Indigo extract
$0.
.194
.170
.178
.2.39
.200
.240
.241
.255
.294
.248
.281
.409
.353
.418
.352
.144
.136
.198
.258
. 126
. 149
.347
.390
.100
186
.290
.227
.35
.128
.340
$0.37
1.09
.78
.85
1.27
.71
1.15
.65
.53
.85
.71
1.16
.91
.87
"'sh'
.60
.58
1.03
1.39
.73
.41
1.15
.80
1.20
.95
.89
.54
1.67
1.51
1.40
.97
.43
.52
.82
.83
.64
.94
.78
.81
1.22
.87
1.72
1.60
1.72
2.08
1.25
1.86
2.39
.83
1.84
1.93
.70
1.17
.93
.83
.52
.46
1.93
1.47
.20
.50
.39
.48
.77
.73
1.24
2.00
1.63
.23
.58
$0.33
1.11
.71
.79
1.17
.49
.91
.54
.48
.76
.46
1.06
.89
.86
.91
.67
.53
.51
.84
1.28
.65
.37
.81
.72
1.06
.83
.73
.51
1.42
1.19
1.26
.79
.38
.49
.68
.79
.49
$0.29
.99
.69
.76
.87
.63
.86
.57
.44
.65
..55
.95
.96
.83
.81
.84
.72
.47
.45
.78
1.22
.58
.34
.83
.69
.95
.77
.66
.46
1.32
.97
.97
.67
.34
.45
.61
.70
.44
.80
. /2
.66
.61
1.07
.94
.76
.67
1.52
2.00
1.70
1.54
1.01
1.30
1.72
1.81
1.13
.99
1.72
1.49
2.56
2.24
.75
.57
1.85
1.86
1.56
.79
.64
1.09
1.06
.78
.74
.69
.48
.45
.48
.42
1.86
1.79
1.26
1.11
.19
. 17
.55
.55
.38
..35
.37
.35
.56
.53
.46
2.08
2.16
2.23
1.41
1.20
.22
.16
.56
.65
0.27
.92
.62
.71
.66
.58
.85
.55
.37
.63
.46
.74
.73
.80
.61
.44
.42
.55
1.21
.50
.31
.55
.62
.82
.70
.58
.39
1.27
.87
.77
.59
.31
.35
.51
.66
.39
.68
.74
.49
.81
.58
.90
1.31
1.13
1.81
.93
1.36
2.59
.59 :
1.80 [
1.52
.54 !
1.05
.56 1
.68
.47 >
.39 I
1.85
.94 '
.15
.54 I
.35 !
.30 '
.53 '
.40
2.18
1.68 '
1.08
. 13
38 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
UNIT VALUE OF DYES PRODUCED, 1923-1927
Table 17 shows the domestic production of dyes in the years 1923
to 1927, inclusive, arranged according to eight value groups. The
actual quantity is given for each group and the relation of each group
to the total production.
Table 17. — Dyes: Production, by groups, according to unit value, 1923-1927
Unit value
0-25 cents..
26-50 cents.
51-75 cents.
$0. 7&-$l....
$1.01-$1.50..
$1.51-$2
$2.01-$3....
Over $3
Total
1923
Pounds
44,651,483
15, 205, 298
12, 717, 546
8, 604, 351
8, 207, 420
2, 318, 343
1, 244, 493
718, 590
93, 667, 524
Per
cent of
total
47. 670
16. 234
13.577
9.186
8.762
2.475
1.329
.767
100.000
1924
Pounds
725, 493
853, 508
105,018
259, 988
283, 687
774, 660
118,953
557, 693
68, 679, 000
Per
cent of
total
1925
Pounds
194 45, 815,
17216,134,
2.57| 9,598,
203, 4,851,
1491 5,027,
5841 2,578,
629, 1,568,
812 771,
Per
cent of
total
114 53.
929 18.
483 11.
1926
Pounds
060 43,
687 20,
116] 8,
619; 8,
832, 2,
986: 2,
817i 1,
8931
747, 263
666, 640
794, 368
045, 922
808, 457
241,741
402, 063
272, 170
100. 00086, 345, 438 100. 000,87, 978, 624
Per
cent of
total
1927
Pounds
49. 72 49, 314, 987
23. 49 23, 450, 835
10.00 7,470,547
9.15 7,570,480
3. 19, 3, 714, 761
2. 55! 2, 375, 625
1.59 1,086,666
.31; 184,004
100. 00 95, 167, 905
Per
cent of
total
51.82
24.64
7.85
7.96
3.90
2.50
1.14
.19
100.00
PROGRESS IN DYE MANUFACTURE
The year 1927 witnessed a large increase in the number and quantity
of fast dyes made in the United States. Extensive research now under
way points to further production of dyes possessing high resistance to
destructive agents. The pronounced trend toward an increased use
of fast dyes promises to continue, especially as the domestic consumer
realizes the economy resulting from the use of fabrics dyed with fast
colors.
Marked progress was made in the production of the following dyes:
(1) Vat dyes, including anthraquinone and the thio-indigoid deriva-
tives; (2) derivatives of alizarin and the acid and mordant types;
(3) the fast type of direct dyes of the azo class; (4) of the SRA colors;
(5) certain of the basic dyes of the zanthene group.
Relation of production to consumption. — Imports of coal-tar dyes in
1927 were 4,233,046 ^ pounds, with an invoice value of $3,413,886.
Domestic production in 1927 was 95,167,905 pounds, and sales
amounted to 98,339,204 pounds, valued at $38,532,795. Imports
constituted 4.4 per cent of the total production by quantity and 9.2
per cent by value. Assuming consumption to equal total sales plus
imports minus exports, 75,800,135 pounds were consumed in 1927.
Of this quantity only about 6 per cent was imported, the remaining
94 per cent being supplied by the domestic industry. In terms of
value, however, imports were more than 6 per cent for the reason
that the dyes imported are of the higher priced types.
Reduction in numher of dye manufacturers. — Of the total firms report-
ing the production of dyes in 1927, three made only bacteriological
stains and indicators. Producers of dyes exclusive of stains and indi-
! This total poundage is in excess of the actual quantity imported, because nearly all of the vat dyes, as
v.ell as the rhodamines, were reduced to a single-strength basis in order to compare imports and production..
The invoice value is below the actual selling price to the consumer.
DYES AND OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS
39
cators numbered 52, a decline of 17 since 1925 and of 38 since 1919,
when the largest number operated in the United States.
The trend toward fewer manufacturers will probably continue until
productive capacity more nearly conforms to the demands of the
home and export markets. Elimination or amalgamation of plants is
the natural result of severe competition. Many firms produce rel-
atively small quantities of low^-priced dyes; others specialize in a few
complex colors which are difficult to manufacture. Many of those in
the latter group will probably continue operations; those producing
low-cost colors on a small scale will hardly survive the competition
offered by large-scale manufacturers.
TARIFF COXSIDERATIONS
The act of 1922 provides that the ad valorem rate of duty on any
imported coal-tar product coming within paragraph 27 or 28 shall be
based upon the American selling price (as defined in subdivision (f)
7709—28 4
40 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
of sec. 402, Title IV) of any similar competitive article manufac-
tured in the United States. A product is defined by the act as similar
or competitive with any imported coal-tar product when it accom-
plishes results substantially equal to those accomplished by the
domestic product when used in substantially the same manner.
If a similar competitive article is not manufactured in the United
States, the ad valorem rate is based upon the United States value (as
defined in subdivision (d) of sec. 402, Title IV), which is the selling
price in the United States of the imported article less certain statutory
deductions, including profit, general expense, cost of insurance,
transportation, and duty.
The Census of Dyes, 1924 (pp. 41-45), discussed the American selling
price as applied to coal-tar products, reviewed the principal features
of the administration of these provisions by the Treasury Depart-
ment, summarized the major regulations issued by that department,
and gave important Treasury Decisions up to G. A. 9004, T. D. 40925,
of 1925. The Census of Dyes, 1925, continuing this feature of the
report, gave an abstract of decisions up to May, 1926, and the Census
of 1926, up to May, 1927. Decisions up to May, 1928, follow:
COURT AND TREASURY DECISIONS
So-called Yavan glue, found to contain resinlike products prepared
from phenol and similar to Bakelite varnish in its uses, was held to
be more specifically provided for in the provisions for synthetic
phenohc resin and ail resinlike products in paragraph 28 than as a
chemical mixture containing alcohol in paragraph 24. T. D. 42311
of 1927; appealed, T. D. 42357.
The rate of duty upon cresylic acid, which upon being subjected
to distillation yields in the portion distilling below 215° C. a quantity
of tar acids equal to or more than 75 per centum of the original
distillate, was decreased from 40 per cent ad valorem based upon
the American selhng price and 7 cents per pound, to 20 per cent
ad valorem based upon the American selling price and 33^ cents
per pound, by proclamation of the President effective August 19,
1927, under the provisions of section 315 of the tarift' act of 1922.
T. D. 42337.
Certain coal-tar colors, dyes, and products provided for in para-
graph 28 were appraised upon the export value. Counsel for the
importer claimed in effect that such appraisement on the export value
officially admitted that there was no comparable American article
under which an American selling price of a comparable American
article could be applied, and also officially admitted that there was
no United ^States value; that therefore the merchandise must be
classified under paragraph 5, and that such admitted facts took the
merchandise out of paragraph 28, under which it would otherwise be
classified. The court overruled this claim on the ground that those
peculiar accidental circumstances did not change the classification of
the article by taking it out of paragraph 28 and placing it under
paragraph 5 in order that foreign market (or export) value may be
properly applied to it. The importation was properly held dutiable
under paragraph 28 on the export value. T. D. 42416 of 1927.
A mixture of coal-tar pitch and cresylic acid, the cresylic acid
content when subjected to distillation at 190° C. distilling less than
DYES AND OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS 41
5 per cent of coal-tar acid, and when subjected to distillation at 215°
C. distilling more than 75 per cent of coal-tar acid, was held properly
dutiable under paragraph 27 rather than free under paragraph 1549,
because consisting in part of cresyHc acid, which the Court of Cus-
toms Appeals held in T. D. 41458 not to be covered by paragraph
1549. T. D. 42450 of 1927; appealed.
Naphthalene marbles or balls, used for making up moth destroyers
called oxygenos, found to have a solidifying point less than 75° C.
were held by the Customs Court to be exempt from duty under para-
graph 1549 rather than dutiable at 7 cents per pound and 40 oer cent
under paragraph 27. T. D. 42502 of 1927.
A medicinal preparation composed of a mixture of sandalwood oil,
oil of resin, chlorophyl, and synthetic methyl salicylate, classified
under paragraph 28 as a mixture containing methyl sahcylate, was
claimed dutiable as a medicinal preparation under paragraph 5.
The methyl salicylate was found not to be a coal-tar product and to
be used for its flavor only. The court held that paragraph 28 ex-
cludes synthetic methyl sahcylate if mixed or compounded, as well
as mixtures containing it or other synthetic odoriferous or aromatic
chemicals, and that the importation was properly dutiable as a
medicinal preparation under paragraph 5. United States v. Inter'
national Trading Co., 15 Ct. Cust. Appls. ; T. D. 42511 of 1927.
Certain xylene milling blue BL cone was imported for which no
standards of strength had been expressly set by the Secretary of the
Treasury at the time of importation. The Government contended
that the Secretary of the Treasury maj^ establish a list of standards
and that then each local appraiser, as colors are imported, may
determine for himself what standard, if any, is applicable to each color,
and that therefore the specific duty provided by paragraph 28 should
be assessed upon the importation in question upon the basis of a simi-
lar competitive coal-tar product. The court, following Tinted States
V. Sandoz Chemical Co., 14 Ct. Cust. Appls. 21, held that as the mer-
chandize was imported before standards were established therefor,
it was subject to dutv onlv on the weight imported. T. D. 42558;
appealed, T. D. 42668"^.
Certain coal-tar colors and dyes and other coal-tar products were
assessed for duty upon the basis of standards of strength published in
T. D. 40192. It was claimed that such assessment was illegal because
standards proclaimed in said T. D. 40192 were null and void because
signed by the Assistant Secretary instead of the Secretary of the Treas-
ury. Protest overruled, the Customs Court holding that such
standards were properly fixed in accordance with the sixth proviso
of paragraph 28. T. D. 42676 of 1928. Rehearing denied. Ab N.
5915.
But3d-ketone, butyl-xylene, and ambrogene consisting of coal-tar
intermediates, not finished products, used in the manufacture of
artificial musk and not sold in the condition as imported, held dutiable
at 40 per cent and 7 cents per pound under paragraph 27 rather than
45 per cent and 7 cents per pound imder paragraph 28. Ab. N.
4156 of 1927.
The method to be used in the distillation of cresylic acid published
in T. D. 41868 was amended in T. D. 42021 of 1927.
42
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
EFFECT OF REDUCTION IN DUTY ON DYE IMPORTS
On September 22, 1924, under the proYisions of the tariff act of
1922, the ad valorem rate on dyes and other finished coal-tar products,
paragraph 28, was reduced from 60 per cent to 45 per cent, but the
specific duty remained at 7 cents per pound. In the Census of Dyes,
1923, it was pointed out that the specific duty is more effective on the
low-priced dyes, and that consequently a reduction in the ad valorem
rate would more directly affect the higher priced dyes.
Since this reduction in the rate of duty became effective, imports
have greatly increased. For the first six months of 1928 they show
an increase of 715,144 pounds and $501,707 over the quantity and
value imported during the corresponding period of 1927.
Table 18 shows the quantity and the invoice value of imports and
the monthly average for each year since 1920.
Table 18. — Coal-tar dyes: Imports into the United States, 1920-1928 {6 months)
Quantity
Invoice
value
Monthly average
Period
Quantity
Value
1920
Pounds
3, 402, 582
4,252,911
3, 982, 631
3,098,193
$5, 763, 437
5, 156, 779
5, 243, 257
3,151,363
Pounds
283, 548
354, 409
338, 850
258, 153
.$480, 286
1921 _ -
429, 732
1922
436, 838
1923 . - - -.
262, 614
1924 (first 9months)
1924 (last 3 months) _. ..
1,611,931
1,410,608
1, 642, 632
1,266,146
179, 103
470, 203
182, 515
422, 049
Total-..- ----
1925 . -
3, 022, 539
5, 315. 158
4, 673, 196
4,231,491
2, 699. 464
2, 908, 778
4, 791, 908
4, 103, 301
3, 413, 886
2,145,410
251, 8?8
442, 930
389, 433
352, 624
449,911
242, 398
399, 326
1926
341,941
1927
284, 490
1928 (6 months)
367, 568
PRODUCTION OF DYES BY CLASSES
Dyes produced in the United States in 1927, classified according
to method of application, are: (1) Acid dyes, (2) basic dyes, (3)
direct dyes, (4) lake and spirit-soluble dyes, (5) mordant or chrome
dyes, (6) sulfur dyes, (7) vat dyes, subdivided into indigo and other
vats, and (8) unclassified dyes. Although the classification of a
dye in any one of these groups must in certain instances necessarily
be arbitrary, because a dye may have properties which permit of its
application by more than one method, such classification facilitates
a comparison of production and import figures.
Comparative data for dyes produced in the United States from
1922 to 1927, inclusive, and those imported in the fiscal year 1914
and in the calendar years 1922 to 1927, inclusive, are arranged accord-
ing to the classes given in Table 19.
DYES AND OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS
43
Table 19. — Coviparison of imports of dyes, by classes, fiscal year 1914 o,nd calendar
years 1922-1927, with domestic production, calendar years 1922-1927
Class of dye
1914
1 Per
Imports \ cent of
i total
Pounds
Acid ' 9,286,501 20.2
Basic I 3,002,480 6.5
Direct i 10,264,757 1 22.3
Lake and spirit soluble .- 1,512,605 | 3.3
Mordant and clirome ! 4,450,442 9.7
Sulfur. I 7,053,879 •. 15.4
Vats (including indigo) I 10,352,663 i 22.5
(a) Indigo... 1 8,407,359 I 18.3
(6) Other vats ! 1,945,304 i 4.2
Unclassified ! 27,568 1 .1
Per
production ^^J^f
Domestic
Pounds
9, 880, 014
2, 937, 585
11,931,737
1, 009, 512
3, 749, 701
16, 913, 767
16, 926, 744
15, 850, 752
1, 075, 992
1, 283, 127
15.29
4.54
18.46
1.56
5.80
26.17
26.19
24.52
1.67
1.99
Total 145,950,895 100 64,632,187
100
Per
Imports cent of
total
Pounds
601, 395
155, 084
671, 621
76, 853
716, 790
194, 883
1, 549, 024
505
1, 548, 519
16, 981
15.10
3.89
16.86
1.93
18.00
4.89
38.90
.01
38.89
.43
3,982,631 I 100
Class of dye
Acid
Basic
Direct
Lake and spirit soluble..
Mordant and chrome
Sulfur
Vats (including indigo).
(a) Indigo
(6) Other vats.
Unclassified and special.
Total
1923
Domestic
production
Pounds
12, 498, 817
4, 157, 373
16, 858, 387
1,171,854
4, 07S, 504
21,558,469
30, 113, 642
28, 347, 259
1, 766, 383
3, 230, 478
Per
cent of
total
13.34
4.44
18.00
1.25
4.35
23.02
32.15
30.26
1.89
3.45
Imports
Pounds
544, 048
210, 896
527, 014
23,213
453, 415
114,023
1, 207, 554
Per
cent of
total
17.56
6.81
17.01
.75
14.63
3.68
38.98
1, 207, 554
IS, 030
.58
93, 667, 524 100 3, 098, 193 100
1924
Domestic
production
Pounds
9, 187, 256
3, 676, 997
14, 662, 577
967, 550
2, 953, 987
14, 561, 257
21, 818, 022
19, 996, 703
1,821,319
851, 354
68, 679, 000 100
Per
cent of
total
13.38
5.35
21.35
1.41
4.30
21.20
31.77
29.12
2.65
1.24
Imports
Pounds
324, 538
249, 068
421, 538
17,334
413,902
87, 764
1, 499, 322
5,471
1, 493, 851
9,073
3, 022, 539 100
Per
cent of
total
10.74
8.24
13.95
.57
13.69
2.90
49.61
.18
49.43
.30
1925
Domestic
Imports
Class of dye
Sales Production
Quantity
Value
yuantitj of total
Quantity
Per cent
of total
Acid...
Pounds
10, 356, 726
3, 973, 526
15,058,071
1, 532, 793
2, 694, 876
18, 453, 834
26, 702, 741
24, 449, 938
2, 252, 803
530, 884
$8, 376, 020
3, 720, 581
9, 309, 345
1,468,976
Pounds
10,214,024 11.8
4, 121, 735 4. 8
14, 787, 840 17. 1
1.606.795 1.9
Pounds
589, 959
607, 637
759, 024
57, 540
642, 098
122, 230
2, 418, 842
1,952
2, 416, 890
12,271
11.32
Basic .
11.66
Direct
14.57
Lake and spirit soluble
1.10
Mordant and chrome
1,990,468 1 2! 543! 292 2.9
12.33
Sulfur
Vats (including indigo)...
(a) Indigo
(6) Other vats
4, 171, 590
7, 105, 849
3, 805, 518
3, 300, 331
1, 325, 503
20, 760, 512 24. 1
31, 730, 178 36. 7
29, 121, 817 ' 33. 7
2, 608, 361 3.
581, 162 . 7
2.35
46.43
.04
46.39
Unclassified and special
.24
Total
79,303,451
37, 468, 332
86, 345, 438 100
5, 209, 601
100
44
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 19. — Comparison of imports of dyes, by classes, fiscal year 1914 o-nd calendar
years 1922-1927, ■with domestic production, calendar years 1922-1927 — Contd.
Class of dye
Acid
Basic
Direct
Lake and spirit soluble-
Mordant and chrome.-.
Sulfur...-
Vats (including indigo).
Co) Indigo
(6) Other vats
Unclassified and special
Total
1926
Domestic
Sales
Quantity
Pounds
10, 045, 601
4, 180, 231
15, 493, 144
1, 380, 567
3, 276, 969
19, 979, 140
31, 253, 627
28, 438, 386
2, 815, 241
646, 557
86, 255, 836
Value
$7, 992, 701
3, 755, 244
8. 603, 291
1,115,867
2. 716. 407
4, 054 027
7, 336, 959
3, 652, 786
3, 684, 173
738, 152
36, 312, 648
Production
Quantity
Pounds
10, 441, 443
4, 406, 073
18, 039, 705
1, 428, 100
3,134,934
20, 023, 242
29,731,951
25, 701, 530
4, 030, 421
773, 176
87, 978, 624 100
Per cent
of total
11.87
5.01
20.61
1.62
3.56
22. 76
33.79
29,21
4.58
Imports
Quantity
Per cent
of total
Pounds
793, 855
406, 732
805, 848
86, 106
500, 004
149, 723
1, 848, 014
2,806
1, 845, 208
82, 914
16.99
8.70
17.24
1.84
10.70
3.20
39.55
.06
39.49
1.78
4, 673, 196
100
Class of dye
Acid
Basic -
Direct
Lake and spirit soluble.
Mordant and chrome.. .
Sulfur
Vats (including indigo).
(a) Indigo
(6) Other vats
Unclassified and special
Total
1927
Domestic
Sales
Quantity
Pounds
11,805,905
4, 783, 313
17, 682, 399
1, 559, 461
3, 494, 169
23, 183, 794
36, 534, 646
30. 609, 134
4, 925, 512
295, 517
98, 339, 204
Value
$9, 137,
3, 917,
8, 681,
1,380,
2, 100,
4, 392,
8,421,
3, 700,
4, 721,
500,
38, 632, 795
Production
Quantity
Pounds
11,104,633
4, 548, 515
16, 265, 497
1,540,711
3, 604, 095
23, 404, 273
34, 399, 854
28, 438, 166
5, 961, 688
300, 427
Per cent
of total
11.67
4.78
17.09
1.62
3.79
24.59
36.14
29.88
6.26
.32
95, 167, 905
100
Imports
Quantity
Pottnds
654, 729
334, 626
721, 342
134, 778
488, 605
137, 864
1, 730, 967
6, 057
1,724,910
30, 236
4, 233, 046
Per cent
of total
15.47
7.90
17.04
3.18
11.64
3.26
40.89
.14
40.75
.72
100
ACID DYES
Description. — The acid dyes are commonly applied in an acid bath;
they have acid properties and are usnsilly sodium salts of a color acid.
They constitute the most important group used in wool dyeing,
especially for hosiery and carpet yarns, suitings, dress goods, and hat
materials. Because of their lack of affinity for vegetable fibers, they
are little used on cotton or linen, but are of value in the dyeing of jute.
Appreciable quantities are also used on silk. In general they are used
on goods not requiring repeated washings.
Acid dyes yield clear, bright shades. In purity of shade they are
superior to the direct and mordant dyes, but are not equal to basic
dyes. They have a wide color range, and in fastness show great indi-
vidual variation; as a rule they are fairly fast to light and acids, but
have a tendency to bleed in washing. Thev vield faster shades on
DYES AND OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS 45
wool than on silk. Some of the more complex acid dj'^es, several of
which are of recent origin, produce shades of good general fastness.
The method of appljdng dyes in an acid bath is simple and one of
low labor cost. Dyes of this group are for the most part the lowTst
priced dyes produced.
The line of demarcation between acid dyes and certain colors of the
direct and mordant groups is arbitrar3^ Certain acid dyes when
''aftertreated" with sodium or potassium dichromate yield shades of
good fastness to milling, hght, washing, and other agents. Those
known as acid chrome colors are used chiefl}^ on wool, especially on
loose wool yarns, and on piece goods such as men's suitings.
Most of the acid dj^es are chemicallj^ included in one of the follow-
ing groups: (1) Nitro compounds, (2) azo compounds, (3) sulfonated
basic dyes (mostly triphenylmethane derivatives), and (4) alizarin
derivatives.
Production and imports. — Acid dyes in 1927 ranked fourth in quan-
tity, with a total of 11,104,533 pounds or 11.67 per cent of all dyes
manufactured. This is a 6 per cent increase over 1926. Sales
amounted to 11,805,905 pounds, valued at $9,137,790. In value of
sales this group ranked first; namely, 24 per cent of total sales.
The production of Acid black lOB, the ranking dye of this group,
was 1,496,258 pounds, and sales were 1,603,142 pounds, valued at
$624,360. Orange II was second, with a production of 1,423,969
pounds. In volume of production, other important dyes were Ni-
grosine (water soluble). Fast cyanine 5R, Metanil yellow. Ponceau
2R, and Tartrazine. In value of sales, Acid alizarin blue B was one
of the leadmg colors.
Among the acid dyes showing marked increases were Victoria
violet. Brilliant croceine. Fast acid black N 2B, Wool green S, and
Quinoline yellow. There was an increase in the output of a number
of specialties in this group. The returns for 1927 include a number
of acid dyes reported for the first time.
Decreases in production were shown in 1927 for the following dyes:
Azo yellow, Azo rubine. Fast red VR, Fast acid blue R and B, Resor-
cin brown B, and Acid violet.
Imports of the acid dyes, the total of which was 654,729 pounds,
comprised 15.47 per cent by quantity of all dyes imported. The 15
imported in largest quantities were as follows :
Pounds
Erioglaucine 57, 084
Patent blue A 33, 037
Alizarin light blue B 31, 056
Brilliant wool blue FFR 29, 073
Wool fast blue 22, 041
Brilliant milling blue 20, 506
Acid milling black B 19, 844
Polar red i 19, 843
Pounds
Fast green extra bluish 19, 769
Patent blue V - 17, 210
Naphthalene green V 17, 137
Neptune green SGX 16, 111
Cvanol 14, 782
Acid black 2R 13, 923
Indocyanine 13, 574
BASIC DYES
Description. — The basic dyes surpass all others in depth, brilliancy
of shade, and purity of tone. They possess high tinctorial power, but
as a class lack fastness, especially to light and washing.
Basic colors are used on cotton m dyeing and m printing where
bright shades or color tints are desired without special requirements
for fastness. They are also used m the dyeing of paper and jute,
46 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
and for lithographic inks, typewriter ribbons, copy paper, and pencils.
With the exception of Rhodamine B and a few others, they have
little application on wool. They are chemically basic and are fixed
on vegetable fibers with an acid mordant — namely, tannic acid — or
more recently with a synthetic substitute.
Dyes of this class are historically the oldest of the coal-tar dyes.
Mauve or Perkin violet, discovered by W. H. Perkin in 1856, was
the first aniline dyestuff produced on a commercial scale. Basic dyes
are not as important as formerly; for dyeing cotton they have been
superseded by direct and sulfur dyes, costing less to apply and, many
of them, excelling in fastness. The vat dj^es are now being used on
cotton for many applications where only basic dyes were formerly
used. For dyeing wool acid dyes have almost entirely displaced
basic colors. Chemically, basic dyes include a large number of the
triphenylmethane derivatives, and, in addition, members of the
following classes: (1) Azines, (2) azos, (3) thioazmes, (4) thioazols,
and (5) acridines.
Production and imports. — The production of basic dyes in 1927
was 4,548,515 pounds, or 4.78 per cent of all dyes produced. Sales
amounted to 4,783,313 pounds, valued at $3,917,711. In value,
basic dyes made up more than 10 per cent of all dyes sold. Chrysoi-
dine Y, with a production of 701,815 pounds, and Methyl violet,
with 673,832 pounds, were the leading dyes of this group produced
in 1927. Safranine, Chrysoidine R, Auramine, and Rhodamine B
and 6G, showed an increase over 1926; Methylene blue, Bismarck
brown. Magenta and Brilliant green showed a decline from 1926.
Imports of basic dyes in 1927 v/ere 334,526 pounds, or 7.9 per cent
of all dyes imported. Rhodamines (B, 6 GDN and 6 GH) made up
42 per cent of the imports of basic dyes, as compared with 48 per
cent last year. The 9 basic dyes imported in largest quantity are
as follows:
Pounds I Pounds
Rhodamine B i 102, 945 i New methylene bhie 13, 249
Rhodamme 6 GDN, 6 GH i_ 36, 500 | PararosaniUne base 11, 500
Euchrvsme 20,100! Methyl violet 11,251
Victoria blue B 19, 858 j Magenta 11,190
Phosphine 17,625 |
DIRECT DYES
Description. — The direct or substantive dyes were introduced
within the last 25 years. Their method of application is simple, as
they dye vegetable fibers full shades in a neutral or alkaline bath
"directly," without the use of mordants. Although their principal
application is on cotton, they are of special value in dyeing fabrics
containing both cotton and wool, or silk and cotton (union goods).
They are also used on silk, linen, and paper, and to some extent on
wool, especially for knitting yarns, worsted and shoddy yarns, and
loose wool.
On account of their high solubility, dyes of this group when washed
have a tendency to run. Many of them, particularly those first
introduced, are sensitive to acids and fade on exposure to sunlight;
others, especially the newer ones, have good fastness to both acids
and light, as well as to other agents. Certain direct colors are of
1 Single strength.
DYES AND OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS 47
good fastness, particularly to washing, after a treatment of the dyed
fiber by "coupling" with certain intermediates. The developed
direct dj^es are now manufactured in the United States on a large
scale and in a variety of types. They are becoming of greater im-
portance each year for cotton and silk dyeing, in response to the
growing demand of the public for wash goods. Probabty the direct
dyes whose fastness can not be developed or increased by an after-
treatment with metallic salts or formaldehyde will in future show a
distinct trend toward a reduced consumption, and the use of the
so-called dcA^eloped direct dyes vrill increase.
With a fevv^ exceptions, the direct dyes are chemicalty "azo" com-
pounds and are nearly all derivatives of benzidine, tolidine, diamino,
stilbene, or a group closely similar to one of these. A small but
valuable group of direct colors belongs in the thiazol class.
Production and impo7is.— The direct or substantive dyes, ranking
third in quantitv, constituted 17.09 per cent of all dyes produced in
1927. The total output of this group in 1927 was 16,265,497 pounds,
which is a decrease of nearly 10 per cent from the 1926 figure. Par-
ticularly conspicuous was the gain in the production of the faster
types of direct dyes, including the developed direct dyes. More
than 10 direct dyes not reported in 1926 were produced in 1927. In
value of sales ($8,681,024) this group ranked second.
Direct black EW, the ranking dye of this class, with an output of
5,916,562 pounds, comprised 6 per cent of all dyes produced. Sales
were 6,649,143 pounds, valued at $1,840,335. The average sales
value per pound of 27.7 is a decline of 3.1 cents from 1926.
Developed Black BHN ranked second, with a production of 1,062,-
089 pounds, followed by Direct blue 2B, with 811,803 pounds.
Others made in large quantities were Chrysophenine G, 617,626
pounds; Congo red. Direct green B, and Direct brown 3 GO. Many
of the fast types of direct dyes showed increased production in 1927;
among these were Fast scarlet. Orange R T, Orange G, Fast blue B,
Fast pink 2 BL, and Zambesi black V. Decreases occurred in the
production of Violet N, Blue 2B, Green ET, Fast red F, Blue 3B,
Azurine G, Blue RW, Pure blue 6B, Congo corinth G, Fast black FF,
Chloramine orange G, and Primuline.
Imports of direct dyes in 1927 amounted to 721,342 pounds, or
17.04 per cent of all dyes imported. The 12 leading direct dyes im-
ported in 1927 were:
Pounds ' Pounds
Rapid fast red GL 41, 525 Trisulfon brown B 21, 022
Chloramine red 29, 523 Diazo sky blue 19, 996
Chlorantine fast blue 26,783 Rapid fast orange 19,350
Diaminogen blue 24,626 Rapid fast red 19,050
Chlorantine fast violet 23,199 j Diamine fast orange 17,957
Benzo fast brown 21,308: Trisulfon brown GG 16,002
SRA dyes. — These dyes were developed after intensive research
work by the British Celanese Co. (Ltd.), manufacturers of cclanese
silk, especially for the dyeing of acetate cellulose, known as "acetate
silk." They are sold in the form of a 10 per cent paste, consisting of
a dispersion of the dye with a highly sulfonated castor oil; that is,
sulforicinoleic acid. When mixed with water the dispersed colloidal
solution is capable of d3^eing cellulose acetate. In mixed fabrics
48 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
colored with these dyes, the cotton, as well as any artificial silk other
than acetate, is left unstained.
SRA dyes offer a good range of colors, are easy to apply, and possess
good general fastness. Twenty-five of these special dyes were manu-
factured in the United States in 1927. Their production on a large
scale is a development of great interest in view of the remarkable
expansion of the domestic Rayon industry, and the rapid increase in
the use of celanese or acetate silk. In 1927, a large increase occurred
n the production of these colors.
MORDANT AND CHROME DYES
Description. — These colors are used in conjunction with metallic
mordants, such as salts of chromium; aluminum, iron, and tin, to dye
both vegetable and animal fibers. The resulting shades are, in gen-
eral, of exceptional fastness to color-destroying agents. On wool the
mordant dyes yield shades fast to light, washing, and other agents.
They are also important in printing on cotton piece goods, but are
little used on silk.
The mordant dyes are frequently designated as chrome colors.
Because of the derivation of many of them from alizarin, they were
formerly called alizarin dyes. Certain dyes may be acid, acid chrome,
or chrome, according to the method of application. The true ali-
zarins are generally used with a mordant. The new acid alizarins
can be used either wdth or without a mordant; they constitute a
valuable group in the dyeing of wool. When used on wool, the
mordant may be applied before, during, or after the dyeing operation.
The labor cost of dyeing with mordant and chrome dyes is higher
than for many other groups.
Fo-Tmerly the most important dye of this class w^as alizarin, used
on cotton to produce the well-known Turkey red, one of the shades
made in ancient times from madder root. For about 50 years, ali-
zarin has been prepared synthetically from anthracene. In the United
States it has been replaced, to a large extent, for use on cotton by
certain of the so-called ice dyes, such as Para red, and more recently
by Naphthol AS red.
Chemically, the mordant dyes are members of the following classes:
(1) Anthraquinone, (2) azo, (3) oxazine, (4) triphenylmethane, (5)
nitroso, (6) oxyquinone, and (7) xanthone.
Production and imports. — The output of mordant and chrome colors
in 1927 was 3,604,095 pounds, or 3.79 per cent of all dyes manu-
factured. This production is an increase of 15 per cent over 1926.
Sales in 1927 were 3,494,169 pounds, valued at $2,100,324.
Chrome blue black U ranked first in this class, with a production
of 1,134,397 pounds, or a gain of 27 per cent over 1926. wSales were
1,110,493 pounds, vahied at $398,184. Other important dyes in
this group include Alizarin, Chrome blue black B and the chrome
black types. Notable increases occurred in the output of the follow^-
ing dyes: Chromate brown B, Chrome black A and F, Acid chrome
black F, and certain of the alizarins; significant decreases w^ere
recorded for Anthraquinone blue black B, Gallocyanine, and Anthra-
cene blue WR.
Imports of mordant and chrome dyes totaled 488,605 pounds, which
was 11.54 per cent of all dyes brought into the country in 1927, and
DIES AND OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS 49
14 per cent of the domestic production of mordant and chrome dyes.
The 10 leading mordant and chrome dyes imported are:
Pounds
Alizarin, synthetic 89, 210
Alizarin viridine FF 31, 188
Gallamine blue 29, 132
Eriochrome black A 26, 455
Pounds
Eriochrome azurol BC 19, 898
Alizarin orange A 16, 662
Alizarin red S 14, 463
Alizarin pure blue B 13, 198
Alizarin cyclamine R 20,399 | Alizarin blue black 11,078
SULFUR DYES
Description. — These dyes are used largely on cotton, especially for
dyeing uniform cloths, hosiery, gingham yarns, and cotton warps to be
woven with wool and later dyed with acid dyes. They produce heavy
shades of blue, green, brown, and black. Their greatly extended use
during the war served to increase permanently their application on
cotton. Minor uses are in the dyeing of linen and artificial silk.
In cross dyeing, the sulfur dyes possess excellent fastness to wash-
ing, fulhng, alkalies, and acids. With some exceptions their fastness
to light is good. As they are not fast to chlorine, they do not with-
stand the repeated bleaching action of the hypochlorites used in
modern laundries. They are applied in a sodium sulfide solution
and sometimes aftertreatment is given with metallic salts or with
other agents to improve their fastness. "Cachou de Laval," the
first of this group to be discovered, was made in 1867 by the fusion
of sawdust with sodium sulfide and sulfur. Sulfur dyes are now pre-
pared by the fusion of various intermediates (containing the nitro,
amino, or imino groups) with sodium sulfide and sulfur. These
dyes are not pure, distinct compounds, and the presence of foreign
substances renders them of comparatively low color value. Recent
developments, however, have greatly increased the tinctorial value
and shade range of many of them.
Production and imports. — This group, with an output of 23,404,273
pounds in 1927, ranked second in ciuantity, constituting 24.59 per
cent of all dyes manufactured. The 1927 production was an increase
of nearly 3,400,000 pounds over 1926. Sales in 1927 were 23,183,794
pounds, valued at $4,392,641 . The sulfur dyes ranked fourth in value
of sales.
There was an increase in the output of nearly all the individual
sulfur colors. In 1927, as in the three years preceding, sulfur black
ranked second among all dyes in quantity produced. The output
of 19,001,783 pounds was an increase over 1926. Sales in 1927 were
18,965,042 pounds, valued at $2,557,944. The average sales price
per pound was 13 cents, a decline of over 2 cents per pound from 1926.
Sulfur black is an important item in our export trade, ranking second
to indigo.
Sulfur brown, with a production of 1,703,172 pounds, ranked
second among the sulfur dyes. Sulfur blue, with a production of
961,298 pounds, and sulfur yellow, with a total of 715,438 pounds,
were produced in the next largest quantities. Sulfur green showed
a large increase in production.
Imports of sulfur dyes were relatively small, amounting to 137,864
pounds, or 3.26 per cent of all dyes imported. Thionol green, with
a total of 47,109 pounds, led this class. Indocarbon, with 33,901
pounds, and Thionol yellow, with 14,733 pounds, were second and
third, respectively.
50 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
VAT DYES
Description. — Vat dyes as a class possess exceptional fastness to
light, washing, acids, alkalies, and chlorine. Some of them are not
fast to all of these agents. The consumption of vat dyes is increasing
as a result of the growing demand for fast-dyed fabrics by the ulti-
mate consumer of textiles. Smce cotton goods dyed with these
colors withstand the severe treatment of the modern laundrj^, the
increased cost of dye per yard is a mmor factor, as compared with
the increased life of the fabric. A European colorist, referring to
the vat dyes, has said that Europe is too poor to afford anything
but fast dyes — that the loose or fugitive colors are an extravagance.
Their superior fastness and the variety and beauty of shades which
they yield are largely responsible for a steady increase in their use.
They are applied on dyed and printed shirtings, dress goods, ginghams,
muslm curtains, and other cotton wash goods, and have a limited
application on silk and a still smaller one on wool. Because of their
higher cost they are used chiefly for color stripes and small printed
patterns on a white background rather than for solid or heavy
shades. They possess technical advantages in application over the
alizarin mordant dyes.
With the exception of indigo, one of the oldest dyes known, vat
dyes are of recent origin, having been developed since 1904. The
Badische Co., of Germany, manufactured the first members of this
class, known in the trade as the Indanthrenes. This group was
folowed by the Ciba dyes of the Society of Chemical Industry at
Basle, Switzerland, and later by the Algols, Helindones, Thioindigoes,
and Hydrous, and other series produced by different German con-
cerns. Prior to the war vat dyes other than indigo were made exclu-
sively in Germany and Switzerland.
Vat dyes are among the most complex of dyes, difficult to manu-
facture, and relatively high in cost. Chemically they consist of indi-
goids (including thioindigoids), anthraquinone derivatives, and the
carbazole derivatives.
Following the outbreak of the war, the United States and Great
Britain, two of the leading consumers of these dyes, began their
manufacture on an extensive scale.
In 1924 a water-soluble leuco derivative of indigo, under the name
of Indigosol, was placed on the market by Swiss and German firms.
Since then other Indigosol types, including Indigosol red, orange,
yellow, scarlet, pink, violet, and black have been made in commer-
cial quantity. A similar derivative of Caledon jade green, known
as Soledon jade green, was manufactured by the Scottish Dyes (Ltd.).
The commercial production of water-soluble leuco derivatives marks
an advance not only in this group but in the whole realm of dye
manufacture. These can be used on animal as well as vegetable
fibers, and their application by the "direct method," with subsequent
oxidation, is less complex than by the alkali hydrosulphite process
generally used for the vat dyes. Extended use of these new deriva-
tives wil] depend in large part on their selling prices.
The leucosol dyes — special types for calico printing — are vat dyes
of the anthraquinone group. They were recently placed on the mar-
ket by a domestic manufacturer and are now being produced on a
commercial scale. Members of this group include a black, a light
blue, and a navy blue.
DYES AND OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS
51
Production and imports.— The total production in 1927 of vat
dyes, including indigo, was 34,399,854 poimds, or 36.14 per cent
of all dyes produced. Sales in 1927 were 35,534,646 pounds, valued at
$8,421,616. The output of indigo (20 per cent paste) was 28,438,166
pounds, or 29.88 per cent of all dyes produced. This was an increase
of over 10.6 per cent from the 1926 production. Sales in 1927 were
30,609,134 pounds, valued at $3,700,192, or 12.1 cents per pound,
as compared with 12.8 cents in 1926 and 15.6 cents in 1925. The
1927 selling price is much below the pre-war price in 1913, when
our entire supply was imported.
The outstanding feature of the year was expansion m the domestic
manufacture of vat dyes.. With few exceptions there was a marked
increase in the output of each and, in addition, many new types
were produced. The total production of vat dyes other than indigo
was 5,961,688 pounds, an increase of 48 per cent over 1926, which
in turn was a gain of 54 per cent over 1925. The increasing impor-
tance of this group to the textile industry for the dyeing and printmg
of fast-dyed fabrics is indicated by the figures for sales and for appar-
ent consumption, as shown in Table 20.
Table 20. — Yai dyes other than indigo: Domestic sales, imports, and apparent
consumption in the United States, 1914 and 1923-1927
Year
Sales of
domestic
manufac-
ture
Imports
Apparent
consump-
tion
1914
Pounds
Pounds
1, 945, 304
1, 207, 554
1, 493, 851
2, 418, 842
1, 845, 208
1, 724, 910
Pounds
1, 945, 304
1923
1, 608, 217
1, 558, 080
2, 252, 803
2, 815, 241
4, 925, 512
2, 815, 771
1924
3,051,931
1925 -
4, 671, 645
1926
4, 660, 449
1927
6, 648, 867
Of the vat dyes other than indigo, Anthraquinone vat blue GCD
again led in quantity of production and in value of sales. The average
price per pound, however, has declined from $1.63 in 1923 to $1.08
in 1926 and to $0.92 in 1927. Anthraquinone vat green B and black
showed a production of 164,900 pounds, which was a substantial
increase over 1926. Anthraquinone vat yellow G is also one of the
leadmg vat dyes.
Imports of vat dyes other than indigo totaled 1,724,910 pounds,
or 40.75 per cent of all dyes imported in 1927. This was a decrease
from 1926, when 1,845,208 pounds were imported.
The following tabulation shows the leading vat dyes imported and
the quantity (single strength) brought in during 1927:
Pounds Pounds
Indanthrene yellow G 45, 442
Helindone printing black R,D
paste 123, 000
Brilliant indigo 4B 96, 271
Indanthrene blue GCD 82, 268
Indanthrene brown R 81, 096
Anthraflavone GC 74, 173
Vat golden vellow GK 65, 880
Indanthrene red violet RH_.. 62, 988
Indanthrene olive R 61, 463
Ciba red R 50,262
Brilliant indigo B 46, 863
Indanthrene golden orange
RRT 45,562
Hydron pink FF 39, 650
Indanthrene green 35, 930
Ciba scarlet 35, 557
Indanthrene brown G 34, 094
Helindone orange R 32, 740
Vat printing brown R 27, 860
Indanthrene dark blue BO 24, 138
Indanthrene red RK 23, 452
52
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
COLOR-LAKE DYES AND SPIRIT-SOLUBLE DYES
These dyes, constituting one of the smaller groups, are used in
making a class of pigments known as color lakes, discussed in detail
on page 53. The spirit-soluble dyes are insoluble in water, but dis-
solve in oils, fats, and various organic solvents; consequently they
find application for coloring varnishes, fats, oils, waxes, and similar
products. As many of them are converted by chemical treatment,
such as sulfonation, into water-soluble dyes for textile dyeing, they
may be considered as partly completed dyes.
The output of color-lake and spirit-soluble dyes in 1927 was 1,540,-
711 pounds, or 1.62 per cent of the total output of all dyes produced.
Imports of this group were 134,778 pounds, or 3.18 per cent of all
dyes imported.
FOOD DYES
Dyes classified under this group include a limited number of selected
dyes which meet the specifications of the Bureau of Chemistry, Depart-
ment of Agriculture. The total production in 1927 was 209,991
pounds, with sales of 232,612 pounds, valued at $823,340. Produc-
tion in 1926 was 288,454 pounds; in 1921, the first year that figures
for this group were separately compiled, production was 50,709 pounds.
The average value of the sales was $3.54 per pound in 1927, as com-
pared with $3.95 in 1926, and $5.80 in 1921.
EXPORT TRADE IN DYES
Exports of coal-tar dyes in 1927 amounted to 26,770,560 pounds,
valued at $5,495,322, an increase of 3.7 per cent in quantity and a
decrease of 7.6 per cent in value. The average value per pound in
1925 was 25.9 cents; in 1926, 23 cents, and in 1927, 20.5 cents.
The principal markets for United States dyes in 1927 were China,
Japan, Canada, and British India. Some dyes also went to Central
and South American countries. Exports to the principal countries
decreased, except those to China, which increased nearly 20 per cent.
Table 21 shows the total exports of dyes from the United States
in the years 1920 to 1927.
Table 21. — Coal-tar dyes: Exports from the United States, 1920-1927
Year
1920.
1921.
1922 _
1923.
Quantity
Pound*
8, 344, 187
17, 924, 200
Value
$29, 823, 591
6, 270, 139
3, 996, 443
5, 565, 267
Year
1924.
1925.
1926.
1927'
Quantity
Pounds
15, 713, 428
25, 799, 889
25,811,941
26, 770, 560
Value
$5, 636, 244
6, 694, 360
5, 950, 159
5, 495, 322
> Preliminary.
Details as to the quantity and value of exports to the various
countries are shown in Part VII. The Dye Census of 1924, Table 22,
page 58, gives monthly exports from 1919 to 1924, inclusive, and the
Dye Census of 1918 gives exports back to 1909.
Table 22 shows, by months, the total exports of dyes from the
United States from January, 1925, to March, 1928, inclusive.
DYES AND OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS
53
Table 22. — Colors, dyes, and stains: Domestic exports, by months, 1925 to 1927, and
1928 {6 months)
Month
January
February..
March
April
May
June
July
August
September.
October
November.
December -
1925
Pounds Value
2, 006, 681
2, 067, 046
1, 990, 407
2, 172, 425
2, 076, 516
2, 126, 107
2, 080, 588
2, 205, 476
2, 511, 898
1, 717, 766
1, 840, 426
3, 004, 553
$657, 919
602, 316
554,111
674, 799
491, 578
528, 087
488,416
535, 093
612,867
466, 910
401,575
680, 689
1926
Pounds i Value
1, 552, 335
1, 610, 625
2, 924, 695
1, 666, 344
2, 325, 763
1, 660, 995
2, 742, 622
2, 448, 664
1. 882, 936
2, 220, 377
2, 672, 216
2, 104, 369
$416, 975
403, 949
696, 538
425, 792
496,251
417, 693
579, 664
472, 378
461, 233
521, 069
611,539
447, 078
Total 25,799,889 6,694, 360 25,811,941 [5,950,159 26,770,560 5,495,322
19281
Pounds Value I Pounds Value
1, 865, 021
2, 951, 057
3, 595, 342
1, 226, 538
1, 928, 170
967, 908
1, 525, 751
2, 257, 139
4, 469, 227
1, 837, 742
1, 920, 382
2, 226, 283
586,
701,
375,
376,
292,
331,
527,
614,
399,
456,
428,
655
167
201
720
521
187
387
784
925
594
734
447
1, 703, 415
2, 310, 109
1, 684, 397
1, 775, 382
1,877,534
1,681,130
$438, 497
470, 406
444, 789
43% 245
448, 478
398, 380
1 Preliminary figures.
OTHER FINISHED COAL-T-A.R PRODUCTS
COLOR LAKES
Description. — A color lake is an insoluble color pigment. It is
commonly made by precipitating* a coloring matter (a coal-tar dye)
on a carrier (the base). The desired properties of a color lake are
good coloring power; easy workability; brightness; and fastness to
weather, light, alkali, and acids. The precipitating agents used for
coal-tar colors are barium chloride, lead salts, aluminum hydroxide,
and tannin or tannin tartar emetic. Among the more important car-
riers are aluminum hydroxide, zinc white, lithopone, barytes, whiting,
china clay and certain native clays, and ocher. The principal require-
ments of a carrier are (1) ready reduction to a finely divided state and
(2) absence of any deleterious effect on the shade of the finished lake.
The coloring matter includes groups of coal-tar dyes known as acid
dyes, basic dyes, and mordant dyes, as well as certain azo dyes pro-
duced directly on the carrier. An example of the last-named is Para
red, produced from the intermediate p-nitroaniline and b-naphthol.
Another group of color lakes is made by the precipitation of a water-
soluble acid dye, with the aid of a mineral salt to form an insoluble
product.
After precipitation the insoluble lake is filtered, dried, and ground
with or without oil; it is then ready for use as a pigment in paints,
lithographic inks, artists' colors, wall paper, rubber products, and for
other coloring purposes.
Production. — The production of color lakes in 1927 was 11,601,507
pounds. Sales amounted to 11,620,740 pounds, valued at $6,446,508.
Production in 1926 was 11,796,203 pounds. The average unit value
of sales increased from 52.7 cents per pound in 1926 to 55 cents in 1927.
54
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
MEDICINALS
Description. — Organic medicinals are described in Part III (p. 79)
of this census.
Production. — The total production of coal-tar medicinals in 1927
was 3,598,839 pounds. Sales in 1927 were 3,548,556 pounds, valued
at $6,819,487.
Table 23 gives production of certain coal-tar medicinals, and the
total production of all medicinals for the years 1921-1927, inclusive.
For many individual medicinals, production and sales figures can not
be published without disclosing the confidential operations of a single
firm. The commission obtained production and sales data on 79
coal-tar medicinals, but as many of these were made by a limited
number of manufacturers, data can be published for only 9 products.
Table 23. — Coal-tar medicinals: Production of a selected list, 1921-1927
Name
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
Acetanilide
Pounds
207, 433
670
733, 510
Pounds
222, 517
865
1,482,998
1,658
12, 798
Pounds
564, 498
616
1, 525, 795
2,243
29, 185
32, 710
3,365
208, 902
Pounds
425, 950
555
1, 366, 530
2,080
Pounds
158, 756
278
Pounds
458, 927
444
Pounds
366, 842
265
1,499,166 11,823,748
2,446 2,768
1, 715, 686
3,974
56, 003
3,220
197, 644
3,790
60, 722 1 79, 632
3,289 1 4.113
84, 212
Neorsphenamin9
2,904
300, 993
3,889
28, 408
163, 723
6,702
Salol - -
98, 597
416, 382
164
118, 869
415,465
734
84, 182
469, 345
847
51,504
319, 350
467, 264
412, 707
743
492, 558
800
Total coal-tar medicinals
1, 545, 917
2,946,347
3,273,085
2,967,944
3,237,796 3,696,196
3, 598, 839
1 Production and sales since 1923 are included under Flavors and Perfume Materials, p. 69.
Aspirin is the medicinal showing the largest output during the
seven-year period covered by the table. There was a slight decrease
in 1927, but production was substantially above that of any year since
1921. Sales in 1927 were 1,720,597 pounds, valued at $1,079,346; in
1926 they were 1,796,155 pounds, valued at $1,079,477.
Arsphenamine has gradually declined in production in the past few
years. It is being displaced by neoarsphenamine and other derivatives
of arsphenamine. The production of arsphenamine in 1927 was 265
pounds, and sales were 355 pounds, valued at $93,760. The pre-war
price, when this country was dependent upon Germany for its entire
supply, was $3.50 per ampoule. The contract price to the Govern-
ment^in 1928 is 18 cents per ampoule. In 1927 the production of
neoarsphenamine was 3,889 pounds, and sales were 4,359 pounds,
valued at $1,118,580; of sulfoarsphenamine, 800 pounds, and sales of
822 pounds, valued at $286,565.
Cincophen, i>rescribed for acute gout and articular rheumatism, has
increased in production each year since 1923. The 1927 production
was 84,212 pounds, and sales were 85,266 pounds, valued at $405,465,
or $4.76 a pound.
Sodium salicylate showed an increase in production in 1927 and
salol a decline as compared with 1926.
Ampydin, methaform, and proposote were among the medicinals
reported in 1927 but not in 1926.
DYES AND OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS 55
FLAVORS AND PERFUME MATERIALS
Description. — There is no sharp hne of demarcation between these
two classes of coal-tar chemicals, many of them being used both as
flavors for food products and as perfumes for soaps and other toilet
articles. Separate classification is therefore in certain cases purely
arbitrary.
Production of -flavors. — The production of flavors in 1927 was
2,205,472 pounds, a decrease of 23 per cent from 1926. Sales in
1927 were 2,235,791 pounds, valued at $1,435,445.
Methyl salicylate, a flavor used largely as an artificial winter-
green, showed a decrease of 25 per cent in production as compared
with the previous year. The output in 1927 was 1,836,397 pounds,
and sales were 1,818,545 pounds, valued at $637,159.
Coumarin was reported by five firms in 1927. Production was
112,571 pounds, a decrease of 23 per cent from 1926. Sales in 1927
were 125,449 pounds, valued at ^355,501. The selling price in-
creased from $2.56 a pound in 1926 to $2.83 in 1927.
Saccharin is used for sweetening chewing tobacco. Other uses
are for sweetening soft drinks, in the preparation of pharmaceuticals,
and as a substitute for sugar by diabetics. Production in 1927
showed a small decline from 1926.
Production of perfumes. — The output of perfume materials of coal-
tar origin in 1927 was 1,998,987 pounds, an increase of 76,000
pounds over the previous year. Sales in 1927 were 2,025,614 pounds,
valued at $991,922, and in 1926 they were 1,731,887 pounds, valued
at $820,264.
Diethylphthalate, one of the perfume materials made in large
quantity, reached its peak in production in 1925, when 2,099,181
pounds were produced. In 1926 there was a decline to 1,044,218
pounds, and in 1927 to 983,894 pounds. Sales in 1927 were 1,004,-
963 pounds, valued at $278,519. The unit value in 1927 was. 28
cents, as compared with 29.7 cents in 1926. Butyl phthalate increased
in production in 1927. Dimethyl and amyl phthalate were reported
in 1927 but not in 1926.
Benzyl alcohol, benzyl acetate, and benzyl benzoate are also
made in large quantities. The production of each increased in 1927
as compared with 1926; the sales price per pound decreased.
The production of synthetic musks — ambrette, ketone, and xy-
lene — reported for the first time in 1926, marks an advance in the
manufacture of coal-tar perfume materials in the United States. The
output of musk ambrette and musk xylene was greater in 1927
than in 1926, but that of musk ketone was smaller.
Perfume materials showing increased production in 1927 other
than those mentioned include acetophenone, benzophenone, benzyl
succinate, cinnamic aldehyde, isobutylphenyl acetate, methyl
acetophenone, methyl anthranilate, methylphenyl acetate, phenyl-
ethyl alcohol, and yara-yara.
Products in this group showing decreased output in 1927, as com-
pared with 1926, include cinnamic acid, diphenyl oxide, isobutyl
benzoate, phenyl acetic acid, and phenyl acetic aldehyde.
Imports. — Table 25 shows imports of synthetic aromatic chemicals
of coal-tar origin provided for in paragraph 28 of the tariff act of
1922.
7709—28 5
56 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
SYNTHETIC RESINS
Synthetic resins are each year finding a wider range of industrial
uses and are being made in increasing quantities. Their largest use
is as a binder in molded insulation plastics, including laminated
sheets and panels for automobile and radio parts. Another use
which promises further expansion is in the manufacture of varnishes
and lacquers for insulation. The clear resins are a substitute for
amber in the manufacture of cigarette and cigar holders, pipe bits
and sockets, fountain pens and pencils, and beads and other articles
of personal adornment.
The production of synthetic resins in 1927 was nearly 13,452,230
pounds, a large increase over 1926. The output in 1922 was nearly
6,000,000 pounds.
A new synthetic resin, produced from phthalic anhydride and
glycerin, and promising wide application, was reported for the first
time in 1927. It is likely that several hitherto unused raw materials
may be utilized for synthetic resins.
The indications are that the downward trend in prices of the raw
materials for phenolic resins — phenol, formaldehyde, and glycerin —
will continue, with a resultant decrease in production costs. Lower
costs will, in turn, permit a wider range of commercial uses which
may bring about the substitution of synthetic resins for many articles
now made of wood and other material.
PHOTOGRAPHIC CHEMICALS
Because of their strong reducing properties, coal-tar chemicals of
this class are used for developing photographic films, plates, and
prints. They are popularly known as developers, but are sold under
a variety of trade names.
Photographic chemicals were made in greater quantity in 1927
thto in 1926. Hydroquinol, the leading product in this group,
showed a slight decrease in production; metol, the second, and
p-hydroxy phenylglycine, the third, showed a marked increase in
output, as compared with 1926. Neither production nor sales figures
for photographic chemicals can be given without disclosing con-
fidential information; they are therefore given in combination with
production and sales figures for synthetic tanning materials.
SYNTHETIC TANNING MATERIALS
The synthetic tanning mateiials known as syntans have come into
commercial use in Germany and England since 1912. They have
not yet been used extensively in this country, but they probably will
be used in the tanning of leather, together with natural tanning
extracts. Production figures can not be pubhshed without disclosing
the operations of individual concerns. The output in 1927 was a
large increase over 1926.
Synthetic tans are made by the condensation of certain coal-tar
derivatives, such as the sulfonated phenols, cresols, and naphthols,
with formaldehyde in the presence of an acid. They are commonly
used in conjunction with the natural tanning extracts. Their use
is reported to result in an economy of the time required for tanning,
to produce a satisfactory leather of light color, and to reduce the
amount of natural extract required.
DYES AND OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS
57
The production of photographic chemicals and synthetic tanning
materials in 1927 was 5,332,483 pounds; sales were 5,352,617 pounds,
valued at $951,832.
STATISTICS OF IMPORTS, PRODUCTION, AND SALES
Table 24. — Medicinals and pharmaceuticals: Imports into the United States, 1927
Name
Acet plienetidin
Acetyl salicylic acid
Acrifla vine powder _
Algoeratine
p- A min obenzoyldi methyl am-
ino-methylbutanol -
Aminophonyl salicylate
Aminopyrine
Antipyrine
Aurothiobenzimidoazolcarboxylic acid
sodium salt-- - --
Benzonaphthol -
Benzoylmonohydrochloride 1:3 tetra
inethyldiamino-2-ethylisopropyl alcohol
Bismuth guaiacol carbonic acid
Cachet TOT
Cardiazol powder _
Caffeine sodium benzoate
Ohinosol powder -
Chinosol tablets -
Chloronitrophenylarsinic acid
Cinchophen
Colchicine salicylate
Cresol USP _.
Cyclohexenylethylcyanacetic acid ethyl
ester
Dymuth tablets,
Elbon tablets. _ -
Epicarin piue
Epinine
Epinine hydrochloride
Eserine salicylate.--
Ethyl benzene sulfonate -
Europhen -
Fluorescein -- _
Fluorescein, ophthalmic -
Formocarbine naphtholee
Fuchsine, pure--- --
Gairsine ampoules
Gaiarsol ampoules --- -.
Qardenal - - -
Oermanin -
Qermasan -.-
Guaiacol
Guaiacol carbonate -
Guaiacol crystals
Homatropine hydrobromide, ophthalmic
Horaatropine hydrochloride _,
lodorthohydroxyriuinoline sulfonic acid-
Kaylene and phenolphthalein
Kaylene lax -- -
Leucosalyl
Leucotropin
Liantral __
Luarsyl
Mercury salicylate
Methenamine and methylene blue-
M ethyl benzene sulfanilid
Mitigal
Monomethylarainoaeetopyro-
catechol hydrochloride
b-Naphthol aluminum disulfonate
b-Naphthol benzoate
Quantity
Pounds
1, 585
100
14,000
5
220
991
1,560
44, 555. 5
1
440.5
12
63
30
33
4
191
385
165
245
1202
911
1,101
22.5
10
6
242.5
1.5
I 1, 705
165
9
15
119
63
3
6
9
352
20
110
14
7,250
2,464
4
1 59
44
24
60
6
32.5
42
1 3, 714
56
22
no
220
35
44
216
Name
b-Naphthol compound
Neoarsphenamine ampoules -
Neocaine..
Neosalvarsan ampoules
Neosilver arsphenamine--.
Nerve cachets- -._ -..
Neumol
Norolina.
Noviform
Orexin powder-.
Orexin tablets
Orexin tannate
Oxy quinoline
Phenazone callein citrate -
Phenol, medicinal - ---
Phenolphthalein _
Phenyldimethylpyrazolonam-
inomethanosodium sulfonate tabletS-
Phenylethylbarbituric acid -
Phenylhydrazine hydrochloride
Physost igmine sahcylate -
Plasmochin tablets
Plasmochin compound tablets.
Potassium sulfocresoate .---
Potassium guaiacolsulfonate
Pyoktanin blue
Pyoktanin yellow
Pyrocatechine. _ ---
Reipar ampoules
Resorcinol, med
Rhodine
Rhofeine -,
Rivanol tablets
Salicylic acid ester of borneol
Salicylic acid mcthyloxymethylester
Salol
Sandalwood oil and salol -.
Saponin -.
Scatole
Scurocaine C
Sodium salicylate
Sodium salicylate and potassium bicar-
bonate
Sodium salicylate iodide.-
St ibosan
Sulfarsenol
Sulfoxysal varsan
Synt hoi standard -.
Tetraiodopyrrol
Theobromine sodium salicylate--
Theocyl
Thyangol pastilles
Tolamine
Treparsol -
Uraseptine -.
Vioform powder
Yatren casein strong
Yatren casein weak
Another
Total.
Quantity
Pounds
74
1 3, 150-
183-
2 10, 000
1290
1
90
100
11
5.5
3.
15.
4401
22'
12
618
22
22
50
169'
16
12.
100-
25,023
50
53
220
23
2, 216
1605.
1.605'
4
11
204
16
17
132
103
24
839
50
58
■40
43
2 80O
1
31
167
10
188
3
24
179
22
17
22
255
96,110
.$142, 997
1 Grams.
2 Ampoules.
58
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 25. — Synthetic aromatic chemicals of coal-tar origin: Imports into the United
States, 1927
Name
^cetophenone
Acfetyltoluene
Amtmdo]
Ambrogcnc
Amy! salicylate
Anisic aldehyde
Benzaldehyde f. f. c
Benzoic acid, natural
Benzophenone -.
Benzyl acetate
Benzyrhlcohol
Benzyl benzoate,
Benzyl butyrate.
Benzyl formate
Benzvl isoeugenol
Benzyl propionate
Benzyl salicylate
Benzylidene acetone
Bornyl acetate
Br omstyrol
Butyl cinnamic aldehyde
Butyl ketone
Butyl xylene
Buxine
Cetone D
Cinnamic aldehyde
Coumarin -
Coumarinextra_.
p-Cresol acetate
p-Cresol methyl ether
p-Cresol phenylacetate...
Diethyl phthalate
Dimethyl benzylcarbinol
Dimethyl hydroquinone.
Diphenyl methane
Diphenyl oxide
Ethyl anthranilate..
Ethyl cinnamate
Ethyl phenylacetate
Ethyl vanillin..
Flosal_-_
Flosinol
Heliotropine
Heliotropine, amorphous.
Homoquinoline
Quantity
Pounds
536
31
55
9,676
1,949
1,666
1,510
225
425
24, 510
3,365
6,239
62
65
32
564
592
472
25
928
833
•882
13, 429
100
240
3,666
2,683
694
78
30.5
143
511.5
8
26
810
2,294
43
237. 5
.30.5
413
96
70
4,814.5
Name
Hyacinth
Hyacinth compound
Indol
Isobutyl benzoate
Isobuty 1 phenylacetate
Isobutyl salicylate
Jasmonal
p-Methoxyacetophenone
Methyl acetophenone
Methyl anthranilate
Methylanthranilic acid methyl ester
Methyl benzoate
Methyl cinnamate
Methyl-p-cresol
Methyl methyl anthranilate
Methyl phenylacetate
Methyl phenylacetic aldehyde
Musk, alpha
Musk ambrette
Mask ketone
Musk omega
Musk xylene
Musk xylene residue
Nerolin
Oleo musk
Orange ketone
Phenylacetic acid
Phenylace'ic aldehyde
Phenylethyl acetate
Phenylethyl alcohol
Phenylethyl butyrate
Phenylethyl phenylacetate
Phenylethyl propionate
Phenylglycol methylene acetal
Pheny Ipropyl acet ate
Phenylpropyl alcohol
Phenylpropyl aldehyde
Skatol
Vanillin
VertenaD
Yara yara
Another
Total...
Quantity
Pounds
55
300
118.5
500
51
72
100
110
523.5
17, 826
65
52
1,352
180
230
1, 502. 5
5
6
1,542
1,530
11
3,847
220
582.6
600
11
3,224
3,563
182
31, 302. 5
32
12
50
4
35
111
76
2
3,795
220
697.5
275.5
160, 042
$195,452
DYES AND OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS
59
Table 26. — Photographic chemicals, intermediates, and other coal-tar products:
Imports into the United States, 1927
Name
Activol
Amidol (diamiaophenol hydrochloride) .
Aminoazotoluene base
p-Aminobenzoic acid
p-Amini)diphenylamine hydrochloride. .
Aminonapiit holdisulfonic acid.
Aminonaphthol sulfonic acid
p-Aminophenol hydrochloride
Aminopyrazolon
p-Anisidine
Anthranilic acid
Anthrapyridon
Benzaldehy de, tech.
Benzoyl chloride
Benzoyl peroxide
Carbazole ._
o-Chloro-p-nitraniline
p-Chloro-m-cresol
p-C hloro-m-xylenol
p-Chloro-o-nitranilin..
o-Ch iorophenol
Chlorotoluidine sulfonic acid ..
Claret developer
Cresidine
m-Cresol
o-Cresol
p-Cresol
Cresylie acid
Cyclohexane
Cy clohexanon
Dental plastic
Developer Z
Desensit iser
m-Diamino anisol
m-Diamino anisol base
m-Diamino anisol sulfate
Diaminodiphenylamine hydrochloride..
Dianisidine
Diazodiphenyl ether
Dihromo-a-amino anthraquinone
Dihydroxyphenyl-indolinon
Dibenznylamin' .diant hrimid . -
Dimethylaminodiphenylamine sulfate...
Dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine sulfate.. .
Dinitrostilbene sulfonic acid
Diphenyl black ba.se I
Dissolving salt B
Edinol
Elastol
Ethylbenzylaniline
Ethyl-b-napthylamine
Fast black LB base
Fast black salt B.
Fast black salt K
Fa.st blue salt B
Fast blue salt B.\.
Fast Bordeaux GP base...
Fast Bordeaux salt QP
Fast garnet GBC base -_
Fast garnet GC base
Fast orange GC base
Fast orange salt GC
Fast orange salt R
Fast red B base
Fast red KB base.
Fast red RI/ base, RC base
Fast red salt AL
Fast red salt B..
Fast red salt BA
Fast red salt GG
Fast red salt GL_ ._
Fast red salt GL new
Fast red salt GI,A
Fast red salt .3GL...
Quantity
Pounds
200
1, 030
8,647
1,000
1,100
1,392
2,206
510
3,024
2, 155
6,000
12, 293
3,70'i
295, 800
4,226
2,073
414
3,499
224
4,500
5, 101
0, 006
100
500
3, 099
222, 176
6,496
.596, 748
315
4, 236
51
110
1.5
1,000
500
214
62
55
110
13,486
195.5
2, 939
50
218
1]9
4,700
7,714
224
1,350
2, 383
300
750
22, 6-18
200
10. 310
700
50
1,7.50
300
100
100
4,410
600
855
8.741
2,825
200
25,000
100
350
86.400
50, fiOO
2,230
62,000
Fast red salt TR
Fast scarlet G "base
Fast scarlet RC base
Fast scarlet salt 2Q
Fast scarlet salt R
Fast yellow salt GC
Feltron C
Glycin
Hertolan
Indaphor A
J acid
Katanol O
Katanol W
Leonil S
Ludigol
Mercerol
Methylanon
Methyl-p-aminophenol
Met hylphenylpyrazolon
Mianin, tech ..
Monomethyl-p-aminophenol sulfate
Mothproofer
Naphthol AS-BG
Naphthol AS-BO
Naphthol AS-BR
Naphthol AS-BS
Naphthol AS-D
Naphthol AS-G
Naphthol AS-RL
Naphthol AS-SW
a-Napht hoi
b-Naphthol monosulfonic acid F
Nekal._ ^
Nevile & Winther's acid
Nitrazo) CF
p-Nit ro-o-anisidine
Nitroaminophenol
Nitrobenzene
Nitrodiam inobenzene base
Nitrodiaminobenzene hydrochloride
o-Nitrophenol
Ortol (methyl-o-aminophenol)
Paratol, refined
Perlano KB
Phenol
Phenyldimethylaminopyrazolon..
p-Phenylenediamine
Phloroglucin
Picramic acid
Piperidine piperidyl dithio carbamate...
Plastol
Pyrocatechin
Quinizarin
Rapidogene G paste
Rapidogene G dbl. psiste
Raschit
Resorcinol, tech
Satrapol
Sodiu mbenz yl sulfanilate
Solvenol
o-Sul.fanilic acid
Synthetic phenolic resin
Synthetic phenolic resin molding pow-
der
Tetrachlorophthalic acid
Tobias acid
Tripheny! phosphate
Vulkacit.
Xy lidine _..
Yellow developer C
All other
Total
Pounds
300
305
200'
10,20a
56, 365
800
8,20a
1,325
900
600
2,475
13,066
42, 450
300
2,300
7,000
66, 167
6,500
3,126
520
4,551
1,045
450
1,440
1,000
520
15,116
3,900
7,262
10,211
17,523
4,000
111
1,640
500
440
150
22, 007
100
300
9,520
90
6,500
2,000
525
47,000
4,211
20
100
1.546
1,990
165
1,991
2, 045, .548
.$733. 335
60
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 27. — Dyes and other finished coal-tar products: Production and sales, 1927
The number in the first column identifies the dyes according to the Colour Index number. The second
column gives the common name of the product. The numbers in the third column refer to the num-
bered alphabetical list of manufacturers printed on page 188. An X signifies that a manufacturer did not
«onsent to the publication of his identification number in connection therewith. A blank in the fourth
;and fifth columns indicates that the sales figures can not be published without revealing information in
sregard to the output of individual firms. A blank in the seventh column indicates that the produc-
tion of the corresponding dye in the United States can not be published without revealing information
lin regard to the output of individual firms. The figures thus concealed are, however, included in the
total]
Col-
Name of dye
Manufacturers' iden-
tification numbers
(according to list on
p. 188)
Sales
'
»our
;In-
dex
■No.
Quantity
Value
Average
price
per
pound
Production
(quantity)
Total finished coal-tar
products
NITEOSO COLORING MATTERS
Naphthol green...
Pounds
136, 206, 835
$61, 272, 645
$0.45
Pounds
133, 357, 423
.5
6,47
\
10
NITEO COLORING MATTERS
Naphthol yellow S
31,70,73,148..
91,474
76, 213 . 83
84, 173
16
AZO COLORING MATTERS
Monoazo coloring matters
Acid yellow G_
7,47,107
2,427
17
Spirit yellow R.
Butter yellow
7, 34, 70, 107, X
45, 306,
21, 250
805, 651
40,323 ! .89
10,400 ! .49
269,029 I .33
39, 739
19
7, 34, 73, X
12, 845
20
Chrysoidine Y
6,7,23,31,46.70,73,107.
6,46,70,73,107...
70J,815
21
Chrysoidine R
22
Oil vellow AB.
73
23
Sudan G
34
24
Sudan I .....
34, 73, 107, 112, X
7,31,107,138 ..
45, 155
32,429
.72
40, 307
26
Croceine orange
27
Orange G..
23,46,70,81,107,138....
107, 109, 112, 121
108, 119
53, 430
.49
80, 169
29
Chromotrope 2R
30
Fast acid fuehsine B
Amido naphthol red G
Brilliant acid red B
Brilliant lake red R
Chrome yellow 2G
7,107,112,115
31
32
6,7,31,46,70, 107,121,
122.
115
151, 741
64, 985
.43
127, 242
35
97
36
6, 7, 23, 31, 34, 38, 70,
107, 115.
6, 7, 23, 31, 34, 46, 70,
112, 121, 138.
7
108, 631
78, 748
53,075
48, 275
.49
.61
105, 982
40
Chrome yellow R
73, 946
52
Azo yellow 4G
53
Victoria violet
6,31,107,112,122
112, 138
45, 654
35, 989 . 79
60, 906
54
Lanafuchsine
55
Azo coralline
70
56
Chromotrope 6B
6,107,112
57
59
Amido naphthol red 6B
Wool blue CB...
6, 7, 31, 46, 63, 70, 107,
112,121,122.
107.
108, 870
58, 480
.54
89, 895
61
Oil vellow OB
73
63
Brilliant orange
138
69
Toluidinc red RL
X
73
Sudan II
7, 34, 70, 73, 107, X
7, 23, 31, 46, 70, 107,
112,138.
7
28,366
488, 259
25, 080
200, 203
.88
.41
26,023
79
Ponceau 2R
513, 675
81
Oil brown
82
Oil Bordeaux
34
88
Bordeaux B
6, 7, 23, 31, 34, 46, 107,
112,138.
7, 112
93, 614
49, 554
.53
113,077
90
Chromotrope lOB
98
Chrome hro« n RN
Chromate brown B
Acid chrome brown R
Chrome flavine G
70
101
23, 107, 121
105
6, 46
110
70, 121
113
Oil red S
112
114
Azo eosine G
7, 112
. 119
Eosamine G ..
112
126
Direct pink E2GN
112
128
Direct pink
107
130
Direct pink EBN .
112
....__
138
ISletanil yellow
6, 7, 31, 46, 70, 73, 107..
565, 902
330,606 1
.58
504, 653
DYES AND OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS
61
Table 27. — Dyes and other finished coal-tar products: Production and sales, 1927 —
Continued
Col-
Name of dye
Manufacturers' iden-
tification numbers
(according to list on
p. 188)
Sales
our
In-
dex
No.
Quantity
Value
Average
price
per
pound
Production
(quantity)
143
AZO COLORING M.^TTEES—
continued
Monoazo coloring matters —
Continued
Orange IV
31, 107
Pounds
Pounds
146
7, 46, 47, 70, 107, 148...
34,73
93, 261
$89, 533
$0.75
87, 968
148
151
7, 23, 31, 73, 107...
70
1, 412, 943
368, 257
.26
1, 423, 969
153
161
Orange R
46, 73,107
163
7, 31, 46, 138
38, 478
265, 622
73, 703
324,953
1.92
1.22
36, 174
165
7, 46, 70, 97. 138
107
281, 630
167
Acid chrome brown B^
Acid chrome garnet R
Chrome violet B .
168
70, 107
169
46, 70, 107, 109 L.
170
Chrome blaclc PV
46, 107
175
70
176
Fast red A.
7,23,31,46,73,107,112 119.038
71,719
.60
89, 119
177
Brilliant fast red G . .
115, 138, X.
34 --
179
6, 7, 31, 46, 107, 112
6, 7, 31, 34, 70, 107, 112,
115.
6
14,5, 715
200, 138
94, 445
95, 893
.65
.48
122, 690
188, 740
180
Fast red VR.
182
Fast red E
183
Croceine scarlet 3BX
31
184
7, 31, 70, 107, 138
70, 107, 115, 138..-
9,555
6,122
.64
185
Cochineal red
189
31, 46, 70, 138. 142, X..
6. 7, 31. 107, 121
107
391, 990
14, 533
315, 129
8,464
.80
.58
383, 234
195
197
Chrome yellow RN
Chrome blue black B
Chrome blue black U
Chrome black T
201
7, 31, 46, 70, 107, 109..
202
203
6. 7, 31, 34, 46, 70, 107,
109,121, 138.
31, 46, 70, 107, 121
1,110,493
398, 184
.36
1, 134, 397
204
Chrome black A
7,31,46, 70, 107, 121...
6, 46, 70, 107, 112
6, 107, 112
243, 465
190, 975
93, 472
104, 205
.38
.55
261, 180
208
Fast acid blue R
156, 109
209
13, 454
216
6, 7, 31, 34, 46, 70, 107,
112, 138.
63, 109, 112
50, 248
34, 936
.70
51,050
225
Direct pink R
227
X
228
63 -.
234
Disazo coloring matters
Resorcin brown B -
6, 31, 46, 63, 70, 73, 107,
115, 121, 122.
6, 7, 34, 73, 107, 115, 121.
46, 107
189, 904
26,600
119,887
18, 980
.63
.71
168, 688
235
238
Resorcin dark brown
Acid chrome brown O
Acid black lOB
24, 481
246
6,7,31,46,70, 107, 112,
115, 121, 122, 138.
34
1, 603, 142
624, 360
.39
1, 496, 258
247
Acid dark green A
249
Cbthred G.-.
31
252
31,46,70,73, 107.
107
229, 614
188, 154
.82
238, 315
253
Cloth red 2R
254
iErvthrine
70
256
Cloth redSG
Sudan IV
46
258
7, 31, 34, 46, 70, 73, 107,
X.
6,7,31,70, 107, 109, 121.
112
37, 759
40, 417
38, 616
33, 034
1.02
.82
34,001
262
Cloth red 2B
39. 366
267
Neutral grav G .
274
Milling orange G
6, 7
275
Cloth scarlet G
47, 73 .
278
280
Direct fast red 8BL
Scarlet EC
Fast cvanine G ...
63, 109, 112, 115. _
7, 47, 107, 109
12, 865
27, 609
31,075
22, 929
2.42
.83
18, 488
288
6
289
Fast cvanine 5R
6, 46, 70, 107, 109, 112.
6, 107. 115..
671, 851
460, 978
.69
625, 809
294
Acid black B
299
302
Chrome black F
Chrome blue green B__
Fast acid black N2B
Fast acid black F...
6, 7, 23, 31, 46, 70, 107.
112.
6, 46,70.-
189, 855
6,614
129, 855
4,907
.68
.74
157,464
14, 895
304
31, 112
306
70 .
307
Fast cyanine black B.
Naphthylamine black D...
6,46,70,107
i48, 120
5.341
118, 419
3,724
.80
.70
131, 738
308
46,70,112
62
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 27. — Dyes and other finished coal-tar products: Production and sales, 1927-
Continued
Col-
Name of dye
Manufacturers' iden-
tification numbers
(according to list on
p. 188)
Sales
our
In-
dex
No.
Quantity
Value
Average
price
per
pound
Production
(quantity)
315
AZO COLORING MATTERS—
continued
Disazo coloring matters —
Continued
Naphthol Mack 2B
34
Pounds
Pounds
316
Developed blue XA
70 '
317 Developed blue B-.
46 _.
319 Direct fast heliotroDe2B__.
112 J i
321
Direct fast scarlet 4BS
Direct fast scarlet
Bismarck brown
Bismarck brown 2R
Acid chrome black F
Chrome fast yellow C
Direct fast yellow 5GL
Direct fast pink 2BL
Paper j-ellow
Chrysophenine G
Congo red
Direct orange TA
Congo corinth G
Direct rubine
Direct scarlet B
Bordeaux
Direct violet B
Direct brilliant blue R
Direct violet
Direct violet N
107
1 "'
326
331
332
336
31,46, 107, 112
31,46,47,70, 73, 107...
6, 7, 31, 46, 70, 73, 107..
7, 70, 109
284, 558
129, 649
454, 592
$369, 737
53, 631
181, 761
$1.30
.41
.40
302, 772
74,584
414, 564
343
6, 70. 1
■ "
346
46, 107, 112 '•
353
6, 46, 107, 115
364
365
370
23,46, 107, 112
23,46. 107, 112
46, 107, 112
111,768
616, 089
107, 574
323,541
.96
.53
92,254
617, 626
374
107
^
375
376
6,7,70, 107, 112, 115, X-
31, X
111,502
89, 970
.81
58, 220
382
385
6,47, 107, 115, X
31
105, 124
151, 523
1.44
108, 243
387
6, 31, 107, 112
390
115 I
393
112
394
7,31,46.70,107,112,115,
122.
7
45,062
47,209
1.05
35,880
395
Direct black ROL
Direct fast red 9BL
Developed black BHN
Direct cyanine R
Direct blue 2B
Chrysamine G
Cresotine yellow G
Direct orange R
Direct fast red F
Direct brown M . .
400
46
::::::::::::::::::
401
405
6, 7, 31, 38, 46, 70, 107,
112, 115.
107...
1, 058, 739
449,737
.42
1,062,089
406
410
6,7,31,38,46,107,112,
11,5. 12!, 122, X.
7. 31, 46, 107, X
107.
1, 010, 350
4,975
258, 996
4,220
.26
.85
811, 803
411
415
31,46.112
42,642
148, 323
141, 175
24, 140
112,466
90, 052
.57
.76
.64
48, 627
419
420
6,7,31,46,70, 107,112,
115, 122.
6, 7, 31, 34, 46, 63, 70,
107,112,115,122.
6, 115
128, 343
135, 591
423
Direct fast brown B
Acid chrome red
Direct brilliant red R
Milling red 2G
431
112.
436
6
443
7
446
Direct orange RT_
7,46,107 I
30,661
448
450
Benzopurpurine 4B
Benzopurpurine B
7,31,46,107,112
6,107
490, 512
240,085
.49
476,719
464
Direct blue R
112 '
468
Direct mauve B
107
471
Direct blue 3R
107
472
Direct blue BX
31,107,112...
46
25,128
13,584
.54
49, 256
473
Direct blue G...
477
Direct blue 3B
6,7,31.34,107,112
7,70,107,112..
126, 158
51,058
.40
87, 316
478
Direct orange G ..
487
Acid milling red B
7,109
493
Amanil black BOL
Benzopurpurine lOB
Direct azurine G._
7 .
495
502
7,31,46,107,112
7,31,46,107,112
112
39,427
62, 616
41,862
44,372
1.06
.71
38,849
56,623
508
Direct brilliant blue G
Direct blue RW
512
7,31,46,107,112.
107 - .
100, 439
82,254
.82
86, 661
515
Direct blue B
518
520
Direct pure blue 6B
Direct pure blue
7,31,46,107,112
6,7,31,46,107,112,122-.'
70,112 '
381, 572
207,396
257, 965
93,688
.68
.45
352, 159
175, 326
533
Trisazo coloring matters
Direct fast blue FR
Direct fast black FF
Diazo black RS
539
552
6,7,31,46,107.
107,112
166, 874
90,291
.54
174,090
561
Direct brown BT
6,112... 1
DYES AND OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS
63
Table 27. — Dijes and other finished coal-tar poducts: Production and sales, 1927 —
Continued
Col-
our
In-
dex
No.
Name of dye
Manufacturers' iden-
tification numbers
(according to list on
p. 188)
Sales
Quantity
Value
Average
I price
per
I pound
I
Production
(quantity)
576
577
581
582
,583
588
589
.590
592
593
594
596
597
598
601
AZO COLORING MATTERS —
continued
Trisazo coloring matters —
Continued
Direct fast blue B..
Direct brown T2G.
Direct black EW..
Pounds
4fi, 107.
620
621
622
628
636
638
639
640
652
653
654
Direct black RX
Direct green ET
Direct black N
Chloramine green B . .
Direct steel blue G
Direct fast black HW.
Direct green B
Direct green O
Direct brown 3G0-
7, 31, 46, 70, 107, 112,
115,121.
7,31,46,70,107,112,115.
6,7.107,115
112.__
6,
7,
7,
6, 649, 143
,840,335 i $0.28
95, 259
50, 178
.53
7, 112.
112...
Direct brown R..
Congo brown G..
Congo brown R
Tetrakisazo coloring matters
115
7,31,46, 70, 107, 112,
115,121.
31.46, 115,X
7, 31, 34, 46, 70, 107,
112, 115, X.
115
578,312
650, 427
249. 883
36,269
243, 522
.43
.53
.37
31,34,46,
X, X.
46
70, 107, 112,
Direct brown G ;
Direct brown BT |
All other azo coloring mat- |.
ters. 1
70, 115-
112
Total azo
matters.
coloring
STILBENE COLORING
MATTERS
Direct yellow R
Chloramine orange G.
Stilbene yellow _
Direct catechine G
6, 23, 31, 34, 107, 112,
122.
6, 23, 107, 112, 122
23, 31, 46, 63
109 —
Total stilbene color-
ing matters.
PYRAZOLONE COLORING
MATTERS
Fast light yellow 20
Pigment chrome yellow L.
Fast light yellow..
Tartrazine
Chrome red B
Direct orange OR
Direct fast yellow 2QL
7, 46, 70, 107, 125, 148..
125
7,31, 109, 112, 125, X.
23, 107, 125
31, 46
7, 125
46
Total pyrazolone col-
oring matters.
KETONIMINE COLORING I
MATTERS I
Auramine and base 23,46, 107.
2, 097, 973
29, 926, 814
2, 045, 485
15, 054, 459
.97
414,747
696,083
164,836
396, 485
51, 982
73, 215
702, 018
580, 475
.40
Pounds
5, 916, 562
365, 119
44, 933
587, 976
94,640
566, 410
2, 069, 573
28, 020, 078
440,930
698, 587
63, 899
131, 872
653, 210
64
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 27. — Dyes and other finished coal-tar products: Production and sales, 1927 —
Continued
Col-
Name of dye
Manufacturers' iden-
tification numbers
(according to list on
p. 188)
Sales
our
In-
dex
No.
Quantity
-'^.verage
Value Pplf
pound
Production
(quantity)
657
TRIPHENYLMETHANE AND
DIPHENYLNAPHTHTL-
METHANE COLORING
MATTERS
Malachite green .
23, 46, 107
Pounds
206, 442
$228, 293
.$1.11
Pounds
206, 167
662
Brilliant green
23, 107 .-
666
Acid green B..
7. 31, 46, 107, 122 77,559
107 i
80, 453
1.04 60,429
667
Fast acid green B
670
Acid light green
46 .1
1
671
Acid glaucine blue
107 .1.
1
677
Magenta _
31, 73, 107, 130, 138 1.
1
32,444
678
New fuchsine O. . .
107
1
680
681
Methyl violet and base
Crystal violet
46, 73, 76, 81, 82, 107 .. . 687, 467
46
603, 516
.88
673,832
683
Methvl violet 5B
107 .1
689
Spirit blue.
73, 107... . 1- -
696
Fast acid violet lOB
Acid violet.
46
698
31,46, 70, 107, 122, X..
107
113, 203
135, 844
1.20
99, 726
699
Acid fast violet BG
Alkali blue .
704
70, 73, 81, 107, 130, 138,
l.-il 397
438, 025
2.89
145, 131
706
Methyl cotton blue
165. i
73 1 .
707
Soluble blue
31, 73, 107, 130. !.
712
Patent blue
107 ..!
714
Patent blue A
107, X ....!
724
Aurine.
46..
729
Victoria blue B and base...
Fast acid blue B
46, 107 1
733
46!. L...
735
Naphthalene green V
Wool green S
46, 107
737
46, 70, 122 l.sa.SSI
109, 426
.69
156, 340
Total triphenylme-
thane and diphenyl-
naphthylme thane
coloring matters.
XANTHENE COLORING
MATTERS
Rhodamine B and base
Rhodamine 6G
2, 099, 936
2, 881, 791
1.37
2, 021, 422
46, 112
749
752
46
:::::::::::::::::
758
Fast acid violet A2R
Uranine
46
766
73, 81
768
Eosine. . ..
39,73,81
773
Erythrosine B
7, 39, 46, 73, 81
778
Phloxine
73
779
Rose bengale B
73
781
Gallein
165 1.-
782
Coerulein . ....
165 '
Total xanthene color-
ing matters.
ACRIDINE COLORING
MATTERS
Coriphosphine ..
609,959
849, 748
1.39
630, 678
125
787
788
Acridine orange A
125
789
Brilliant phosphine O.
Phosphine
125 ::.:... :::::::::
793
31, 46, 73, 107, 125
21, 107
161, 615
212, 994 1. 32
143, 191
801
QUINOLINE COLORING
MATTERS
Quinoline yellow
812
THIAZOLE COLORING
MATTERS
Primuline
23, 31, 63, 107, 112
112
176, 501
84,161
.48
161, 181
813
Direct pure yellow M
Direct fast yellow
814
23, 31, 63, 107, 112, X..I 213,477
112 .
199, 030
.93
188, 978
815
Thioflaviiie T..
816
Direct brilliant flavine S...
X
DYES AND OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS
65
Table 27. — Dyes and other finished coal-tar products: Production and sales, 1927-
Continued
Col-
Name of dye
Manufacturers' iden-
tification numbers
(according to list on
p. 188)
Sales
our
In-
dex
No.
Quantity
Value
Average
price
per
pound
Production
(quantity)
821
INDOPHENOL COLORING
MATTERS
Indophenol
73
Pounds
Pounds
841
AZINE COLORING MATTERS
Safranine
23,46, 107____
842
Methylene violet
76
^
843
Safranine MN
107
860
Induline (spirit-soluble)
70,73, 107, X . -
17, 196
$12,913
$0.75
5,393
861
Induline (water-soluble). . .
70,73, 107, X
864
Nigrosine (spirit-soluble)...
Nigrosine (water-soluble)...
ANILINE BLACK AND ALLIED
COLORING MATTERS
New fast gray...
23,70,73,107
390, 681
1, 400, 253
175, 610
554, 080
.45
.40
419, 433
1, 219, 797
865
23,70,73, 107-___ _.
873
23,112
875
Fur black
64,138
878
OXAZINE COLORING MATTERS
Delphine blue B
107
883
Qallocyanine
7, 23, 107, 165
55, 746
103, 973
1.87
42, 716
888
Gallo chrome blue V
Prune pure
7
893
7
909
Cotton blue
7, 85, 107. .
50,334
79, 360
1.58
922
THIAZINE COLORING
MATTERS
Methylene blue. .
23,107.
924
Methylene green B
Thionine blue.
Brilliant chrome blue
SULFIDE COLORING MATTERS
Carbazole vat blue R
Carbazole vat blue Q.
Sulfur black.
23,107 _
926
23
931
63,70
969
46
(')
(')
18, 965, 042
913, 931
1, 736, 070
971
46
46, 70, 85, 107, X
6, 14,31,46,70, 107, X._.
2, 7, 14, 31, 46, 70, 76, 85,
107, 150, X, X.
6, 7, 14, 46, 70, 76, 107,
112, 150, X.
6, 14, 46, 70, X
2, 557, 944
504,880
547, 772
.is
.55
.32
19, 001, 783
961,298
Sulfur blue
1, 703, 172
Sulfur green
334, 660
222, 610
177, 783
58, 116
.53
.26
356, 275
181, 974
Sulfur olive
46, 70, 150, X
14,31, 70, X
Sulfur orange
Sulfur tan
14,31,70, 150, X..
2, 14, 31, 46, 70, 107, X,
X.
187, 969
587, 231
73, 592
240, 348
.39
.41
203, 152
715, 438
Total sulfide coloring
matters.
ANTHRAOUINONE COLORING
MATTERS
23, 183, 794
4, 392, 641
.19
23, 404, 273
14,107 .
1027
1033
14,107
1034
Alizarin red S (powder)
Alizarin brown
14
1035
7, 48, 107, 165
1039
Alizarin GI
14,112
1040
Alizarin SX
14,107
1053
Acid alizarin blue SE
Acid alizarin blue B
Acid alizarin green G
Anthracene blue WR
Alizarin astrol B
70, 112
1054
70,107,112
1056
70
1062
48, 107, 109
1075
70
• Totals not included under sulfide coloring matters,
these two dyes are included in the vat dyes.
In the dyes classified by method of application.
66
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 27. — Dyes and other finished coal-tar products: Production and sales, 1.927 —
Continued
Col-
Name of dye
Manufacturers' iden-
tification numbers
(according to list on
p. 188)
Sales
our
In-
dex
No.
Quantity
Value
Average
price
per
pound
Production
(quantity)
1
1078
1085
1091
ANTHRAQUINONE COLORING
MATTERS
Alizarin cyanine green E_..
Anthraquinone blue black
B.
Acid alizarin rubine
Total anthraquinone
coloring matters.
ANTHRAQUINONE VAT COL-
ORING MATTERS (SINGLE
STRENGTH)
Anthraquinone vat golden
orange G.
Anthraquinone vat golden
orange R.
Anthraquinone vat dark
blue BO.
Anthraquinone vat green
B & black.
Anthraquinone vat violet
RR.
Anthraquinone vat blue R.
Anthraquinone vat blue
RS.
Anthraquinone vat blue 3G-
Anthraquinone vat blue
GCD.
Anthraquinone vat blue
BCS.
Anthraquinone vat blue
GC.
Anthraquinone vat yellow
G.
Anthraquinone vat brown
B.
Anthraquinone vat yellow
GK.
Anthraquinone vat red FF.
Anthraquinone vat brown
R.
Anthraquinone vat red vio-
let RRN.
Anthraquinone vat red BN.
Anthraquinone vat violet
BNX.
Total anthraquinone
vat coloring matters.
INDIGOID COLORING MATTERS
Indigo, synthetic, 20 per
cent paste.
Indigo vat
6,70,107, 112, 165, X..._
48,70,112, 165, X.
70
Pounds
26.005
76, 063
$78, 557
138, 584
.$3. 02
1.82
Pounds
38, 523
31,204
627, 635
1,443,874 j 2.30
1
700, 982
112 __..
1096
1
1097
46
1099
7,46,98,112
1102
46,98,107,112
139, 042
133,885 j .96
164,900
1104
7,46
1106
112
[
1107
46_ -
1109
46,112
j
1113
46,107,112. __
1
1,052,967
1114
46
r
1115
112
1118
46,107,112
1120
112
1132
46
1133
46
1151
46,70
1161
46,112
1162
46,112.
1163
112
1
2, 423, 900
3, 440, 432
1.42
2, 905, 755
45,46,107
1177
30, 609, 134
3, 700, 192
.12
28, 438, 166
1178
107
1180
Indigo extract
46,107
1183
Tribromindigo RB
Bromindigo blue 2B, 2BD,
45
1184
7,45
1186
20 per cent paste.
Bromindigo 6B, 20 per cent
paste.
Vat red B
Vat Bordeaux B. . .
45
1207
7,46
1208
7
1212
VatredSB...
Thianthrene orange R
Ciba violet BR
Ciba scarlet G
45,46. .
1217
46
1222
45,46
1228
45
DYES AND OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS
67
Tablk 27. — Dyeti and other finished coal-tar -products: Production and sales, 1927-
Continued
Col-
Name of dye
Manufacturers' iden-
tification numbers
(according to list on
p. 188)
Sales
our
In-
dex
No.
Quantity
Value
Average
price
per
pound
Production
(quantity)
PHOTOCHEMICAL COLORING
MATTERS
Dicyanine A
51
Pminds
Pounds
Kryptocvanine
51
51 --
51
51..
10
FOOD COLORING MATTERS
Naphthol yellow S
X
22
Yellow AB_
7,49,73,107 _.
61
Yellow OB
7,49,73, X.
80
Ponceau 3R
7, 107, X
150
Orange I- -
7, 107, 158, X
184
Amaranth _.
7, 107, 158, X
72, 584
62, 479
$192, 597
169, 657
$2.65
2.72
51, 427r
56 145
640
Tartrazine .
7, 23, 107, 158, X
107, 158, X
666
Guinea green B
670
Light green SF (Yellowish).
Methyl violet (for mark-
ing meats, etc.).
Erythrosine
107, 158
680
76,107..,. __
773
7, 107, X
1180
Indigo disulfonic acid
Fast green FCF....
7, 107, X
158
Total food coloring
matters.
Bacteriological stains and
indicators.
Research chemicals..
1
232, 612
823, 340
3.54
209, 991i
33, 51, 53, 73, 78, 87,
107, 128, X.
51,128
All other dyes
34,46, 109.115...
Total dves
98, 339, 204
38, 632, 795
.39
95, 167, 90&
Note.— Dyes not classified by Colour Index numbers are shown on page 72.
68
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 27. — Dyes and other finished coal-tar products: Production and sales, 1927 —
Continued
Name of product
COLOR LAKES
Black lakes.
Blue lakes..
Brown lakes.
Eosine lakes .
Green lakes.
Lithol red lakes.
Maroon lakes.
Orange lakes.
Para red lakes.
Red lakes-
Scarlet lakes.
Violet lakes.
Yellow lakes.
All other color lakes. . .
Total color lakes.
Manufacturers' iden-
tification numbers
(according to list on
p. 18S)
PHOTOGRAPHIC CHEMICALS
Diaminophenol hydrochloride
f amidol).
Hydroquinol
p-Hydroxy phenyglycine.
Methyl p-aminophenol sulfate
(metol).
Phenylglycine
74, 139, X, X
10, 18, 24, 30, 46, 50, 56,
71, 72, 74, 81, 86, 91,
94, 139, 140, 142, 146,
165, X, X, X, X, X,
X, X.
24, 30, 56, 86, 94, 139,
140, 142, 152, X, X, X.
10, 18, 24, 30, 41, 50, 56,
71,74,81,86,94, 138,
139, 140, 142, 146, 165,
X. X, X, X, X, X.
10, 18, 24, 30, 46, 50, 56,
71, 72, 74, 86, 94, 139,
140, 142, 146, 163, X,
X, X, X, X, X, X.
3, 10, 18, 24, 41, 46,
49, 56, 71, 72, 74, 81,
83,80,91,94,138,139,
142, 146, 152,163,165,
X, X, X, X, X, X,
X.
3, 10, 18, 24, 30, 41, 46,
50, 71, 72, 74, 83, 86,
94, 99, 126, 138, 139,
140, 142,146,1.52,160,
163, 165, X, X, X, X,
X.
10, 18, 24, 30, 50, 56, 71,
72, 81, 86, 91, 94, 138,
139, 140, 142, 146, 163,
X,X,X,X,X, X,X,
3, 10, 18, 24, 41, 46, 49,
50, 72, 74, 81, 83, 86,
91, 94, 126, 139. 142,
160, 163, X,X, X, X,
X X X X
10^18, 24, 3d,*4i,46, 50,
56, 71, 72, 74, 83, 86,
91,94,99,126, 138,139,
140, 142, 146, 152, 160,
163, 165, X, X, X, X,
X X X X
3, id, 18, 24, 41, 50, 56,
71, 72, 86, 91, 94, 126,
138, 139, 140, 142, 146,
152, 160, 163, X, X,
X, X, X, X, X.
10, 18, 24, 30, 50, 56, 71,
72, 73, 74, 81, 82, 86,
94, 99, 138, 139, 140,
142, 146, 152, 163, X,
X, X, X, X, X, X.
10, 24, 46, 56, 72, 74, 81,
86, 94, 139, 140, 142,
146, 163, 165, X, X,
X, X, X, X.
46
Sales
Quantity
162.
100, 131, 165.
51, X
51, 131, 165..
Pounds
749, 312
849, 567
329, 718
887, 494
Value
$570, 310
867, 326
183, 832
582, 327
952, 244 390, 262
756, 286
2, 131, 460
1,966,960
471, 944
385, 738
653, 850
11, 620, 740
Aver-
age
price
per
pound
$0.76
1.02
.56
236, 746 . 31
832, 540 I . 39
1, 159, 925 . 59
183, 715 . 39
355, 563
331, 424
6, 446, 508
.92
.55
Production
(quantity)
Pounds
747, 421
853, 837
340, 756
850, 918
920, 611
781, 325
2, 103, 795
1, 988, 569
473, 924
398, 283
645, 606
11,601,507
DYES AND OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS
69
'Table 27. — Dyes and other finished coal-tar products: Production and sales, 1927 —
Continued
Manufacturers' iden-
tification numbers
(according to list on
p. 188)
Sales
Name of product
Quantity
Value
Aver-
age
price
per
pound
Production
(quantity)
MEDICINALS
Acetanilide, USP -
98, 100, 103, 111
103
Pounds
364, 768
$111,829
$0.31
Pounds
366, 842
1, 107
(3:6-diamino-10-methyl acridine
chloride).
102
1
75,93
Ampydin (4-dimetliylamino anti-
pyrine) .
Antinosin (tetraiodophenolphthal-
ein sodium salt).
Apothesine (hydrochloride of di-
ethylaminopropyl-cinuamate) .
107
51
X
1, 43, 93, 95, 100, 102, 144.
13,45,75, 100, 103
1, 102, 118, 136
355
1, 720, 597
2,904
93, 760
1, 079, 346
35, 607
264.11
.63
12.26
265
Aspirin (acetyl salicylic acid)
1, 715. 686
3,974
p-amino benzoate).
136
136
100, 111
93
late.
136
100, 111
107
Bromeikou (tetrabromophenol
phthalein, sodium salt).
Butesin(n-buty!-p-aminobenzoate)
Butesin picrate (dinormalbutyl-p-
aminobenzoate - trinitrophenol).
Butyn (p-amino benzoyl gamma di
normal butyl amino propanol
sulfate) .
93
1
1
1
93
Caffeine sodium salicylate
93
136
13
Calcium guaiacol sulfonate
13
93
Chloramine T (sodium p-toluene
sulfochloramide) .
Cinchophen (phenyl cinchoninic
acid) (2-phenykiuinoline-4-car-
boxylic acid).
103
1, 5,23,90, 124, X
93
85, 266
405, 465
4.76
84, 212
75
Cyelohexenylethylbarbituricacid_,
Dichloramine T (p-toluene sulfo-
dichloramide).
Formidine (methylene disalicylie
acid derivative) .
13
103
X
75, 103
lodeikon (tetraiodophenolphtha-
lein sodium salt).
93
98
Luminal (phenylethylbarbituric
acid).
Luminal sodium (phenylethylbar-
bituric sodium salt).
13
13
75, 93 ..-
Mercurosal (disodiumhydrosy-
mercurisalicyloxy acetate).
X
93
Methyl-p-hydroxyamino benzoate.
Methylhydroxymethyl ester of sal-
icylic acid.
Methyl violet
Methylene-citrylsalicylic acid
102
13
107
13 -
70
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 27. — Dyes and other finished coal-tar 'products: Production and sales, 1927-
Continued
Sales
Name of product
tification numbers
(according to list on
p. 188)
Quantity
Value
Aver-
age
price
per
pound
Production
(quantity)
MEDiciNALS— continued
100
Pounds
Pounds
Monoglycol ester of salicylic acid..
b-Naphthol benzoate
13
136
1,43, 93, 100, 102, 144..
1 23
4,359
$1,118,580
$256. 61
3,889
Neocinchophen (p-methylphenyl
einchoninic ethyl ester).
Nosophen (tetraiodophenolphtha-
lein).
51
107
5
aminopyrene).
102
diphenylamidine hydrochloride).
103, 124 - .
100
zinc, etc.).
[
93 i
93 1
93 . :_-__
1, 102, 118
aminoethanol).
1, 107.
sulfate).
Proposote (creosote phenylpropio-
nate).
X
51
Tutocain (p-aminobenzoyldimeth-
ylaminoethylbutanol hydrochlo-
ride).
Salol (phenyl salicylate) .
13
45, 75, 100
65. 052
53, 731
.83
51,504
Salophen (acetylparaminophenyl
13 .. ..
salicylate).
107
102
45, 75, l66, 103
446,447
174, 933
.39
492, 558
Stovarsol -
100
75,93
1, 93, 95, 100, 102, 144.- 822
286, 565
348. 62
80O
Sulfophenolate sodium
93
107 .
100 .
93
Total medieinals..-
3, 548, 556
6. 819. 487
1.92
3, 598, 839
45,80,96,98, 103...
FLAVORS
Coumarin .
125. 449
355, 501
2.83
112,571
Dulcin .
.51 i
Ethyl anthranilate s."; _ _ J
Ethyl benzoate
Ethyl cinnamate . - .
57, 61, 62, 116, X, X
57,62, X
4,677
5,603
1.20
5,356
Ethyl salicylate
57,62, X .-
Methvl cinnamate
57,62 -
Methyl salicylate .
45,75,80, 100, 103, X....
55
1,818,545
637, 159
.35
1, 836, 397
Propyl cinnamate
Saccharin
103
Vanillin (See Part II)
96
Total flavors. - .
2, 235, 791
1, 435, 445
.64
2, 205, 472
57, 62, (i8, X
PERFUME MATERIALS
Acetophcnone
2,145
Amyl phthalate.
153
Amyl salicylate
61,62,68,80, 141, X.X..
57,61,68,80 - .
18, 193
20, 516
1.13
16, 95*
Aubepine (anisic aldehyde) (see
Part 2).
Beuzophenoue
57,62,68
Benzyl acetate
62.68,80,98, 141, X,X..
77.80,98, 141, X,X
57,80, 141, X,X
.55,62
57, 625
46, 653
32, 616
56,971 1 .99
36,035 i .79
34,648 } 1.06
60,442
Benzyl alcohol.
48,902
Benzyl benzoate ..
33,094
Benzyl butyrate
Benzvl cinnamate
55, 57, X
1
Benzvl cyanide
62
1
Benzyl formate..
55.
___ 1
DYES AND OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS
71
Table 27.- — Dyes and other finished coal-tar products: Production and sales, 1927 —
Continued
Manufacturers' iden-
tification numbers
(according to list on
p. 188)
Sales
Name of product
Quantity
Value
Aver-
age
price
per
pound
Production
(quantity)
PERFUME MATERIALS— continued
55 .
Pounds
Pounds
55
62
X
98
61,68
55
68
61,62,80, X
61,80 -
55 - -
55,57
62
Dibutvl phthalate
84,153
Diethyl i)hthalate .--
16,57,62, 68, 80,84,153,X
X
1,004,963
$278, 519
$0.28
983. 894
1
57 .-- -
1
Dimethylhydrorjuinone
57,131 .
45,68
X
57
57
55,62,68
896
2,382
2.66
848
62 _
57 .
55, 57, 62, 68 - .
62
Methyl acetophenone
62, '68, 80, X.
925
2,651
2. 87 959
45, 57, 80, X
57, 62, 116, X
Methyl-p-cresol (p-cresyl methyl
ether).
p-Methyl cjuinoline
62
57
Methylmethyl anthranilate
55, 57
57
57
p-Methylbenzyl anthranilate
57
57 -
57, 62, 68, 80, X
57
4,457
13,064
2. 93 4, 651
Musk ainbrette
68
68
68...
b-Napht h yl anthranilate
57
Nerolin . ..
62, 80
57 ..
62
Phenylacetic aldehyde -
55, 57, 68, 80
Phenylacetic ketone.-
57
Phenylethyl acetate. -.
57,62,68,80, X, X....
57, 68, 80
767
5,789
7.55
972
Phenylothvl hfii/oate
55
Phenylethvl ciunaniate
55- .-
55 -.
Phenylethyl propionate -
55, X -
Phenylethyl yalerate
55- - -- -
55-
Tetrahydroparamethyl quinoline
57
62. ..
Yara Yara (b-naphthol methyl
62. .
ether).
Total perfume materials
2, 025, 614
991,922
49 1, 998, 987
12, 32, 42, 66, X, X, X.
12, X, X -
Synthetic phenolic resins
Synthetic tanning materials
13.084,313
} 5,352,617
6, 094, 656
951,832
. 47 13, 452, 230
Photographic chemicals
51,100. 131, 162, 16.^, X.
0, 6i^ 4Bit
7709—28-
72
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
DYES NOT CLASSIFIED BY COLOUR INDEX NUMBER
Manufacturers were requested to report separately, in terms of
their familiar pre-war designations, the production of dyes not classi-
fied by Colour Index number. The following table is a Ust of such
dyes, together with some new dyes of American development for
which there are no foreign equivalents:
Common name
Acid alizarin blue B...
Acid anthracene brown B
Acid anthracene red B
Acid anthracene red GM ,
Acid anthracene yellow OH
Acid black BA
Acid black J
Acid fast black 753
Acid naphthol blue black
Acid navy blue
Acid red
Acid red OTH
Acid yellow HM
Alizarin black
Alizarin blue IS...
Alizarin brown 5R
Alizarol black 3Q
Alizarol brown B, EBR, RH cone
Alizarol gray DO
Alizarol orange R, 3R
Alizarol yellow 3G
Alkali blue for ink
Alphazurine B cone
Amacid brillant red SB
Amacid fast orange LW
Amacid navy blue B
Amanil black FTC
Amanil chrome brown G, 2R.-
Amanil chrome dark brown
Amanil developed black OB
Amanil discharge black
Amanil fast black L
Anthracene chromate brown EB
Anthracene chromate brown EBS
Anthracene chrome brown 2 BL, RL..
Anthranol chrome brown EB
Anthranol chorme yellow R_._
Anthraquinone vat blue GFC, RCX.
Anthraquinone vat brilliant blue R..
Anthraquinone vat golden orange 4R,
RRT
Anthraquinone vat jade green
Azanol brown N
Azanolred brown R
Azo dark green B
Azo cosine 2B
Azo fast blue B high cone, Q high
cone, 2R cone
Azo fast violet
Azo violet BS, 2B, 2RL
Azo wool blue G, R
Benzanol art black
Benzanol brown FW.
Benzo Bordeaux 6B..
Benzo chrome brown.
Benzo fast black L i..
Benzo fast yellow "jO...
Benzo rhoduline red B.
Brilliant Bordeaux S...
Brilliant brown R, Y..
Brilliant wool blue N..
Manufac-
turers' iden-
tification
numbers
(according
to list on
p. 188)
165
70
7
X
X
6
34
34
31
115
6
112
73
165
165
165
6,107
107
107
107
107
138
107
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
46, 112
109
165
109
109
112
112
112
112
X
X
112
112
107
107
6
63
X
X
70
6
6, 46, 70,
107,112
112
46
31
X
107
Common name
Bromofluroescein
Buffalo black AR, 8B, 3G, H cone,
NBJ, RB
Butfalo black green B
Buffalo chrome black NS
Chloramine fast orange EG, ESQ, ER.
Chloramine green G
Chlorantine violet
Chlorazol fast brown RK
Chromate brown EB
Chromate brown EBN
Chromate brown R
Chromaven brilliant orange 2R
Chromaven brown EB
Chrome black
Chrome black DNW....
Chrome black SWR
Chrome blue ATX
Chrome brown B, O
Chrome green. _ _
Chrome green B, G
Chrome green CB
Chrome green SW
Chrome red SW
Chrome yel'ow
Chrome yellow DS.
Chrome yellow G_
Chrome yellow 5G
Chrome yellow SS
Cindiazo black G..
Cindiazo blue B
Cindiazo red 2B...
Cloth red R
Cotton black G, 3G
Croceine scarlet FP cone
Developed black 2 BN
Diamine Bordeaux B
Diamine catechine
Diamine fast orange EG
Diamond red ECB
Dianol dark blue B
Diazine beta black N
Diazine black VN extra, VZ
Diazo Bordeaux 7B.
Diazo fast blue 2RW
Diazo fast red 5BL, 7BL
Diazo indigo blue
Diazo seal brown
Direct blue 3RX_
Direct brown CN
Direct brown a2R, GSR
Direct fast black B
Direct fast blue B, R
Direct fast blue 2B
Direct fast light blue FF
Direct fast orange R, 2R, RCL.
Direct fast scarlet 4BA
Direct fast violet
Direct gray G cone, 512 cone
Direct navy R...
i Direct scarlet S
Manufac-
turers' iden-
tification
numbers
(according
to list on
p. 188)
' Sales of Benzo fast black L were 149,604 pounds, valued at $147,621, with a production of 138,227
pounds.
DYES A.ND OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS
73
Common name
Empire fast violet AA
Erie brown GB...
Erie catechine G cone
Erie chrome red B
Erie fast gray M. R.
Erie fast rubine B cone
Erio clirome brown R
Erio violet RL
Fast acid green 6B
Fast acid light red B
Fast acid violet ERR extra
Fast brilliant blue EA
Fast chrome brown R
Fast crimson R
Fast wool red BL, GL
Fast wool violet B_
Fiichsine azo b-naphthol
Guinea fast red BL
Helio Bordeaux BL
Hydron pink FJ'
Indamine navy blue 2 BM
Indanthrene pink B
Jet black APX
Lake orange B.
Leather yellow
Light fast brown R, 3YL
Light fast wool red BL
Lithol fast orange
Lithol red LR
Milling blue B
Milling orange
Monochrome blue black
Monochrome brown BC
Mordant green SN
Naphthol green black B
Neutral gray B
Niagara blue NR
Niagara fast blue RL
Nigrosine base B, N, NB, R, 2R
Oil brown
Oil brown D, M, Y
Oil brown H, I...
Oil brown R
Oil brown 2R
Oil orange 30
Oil orange RR
Oil orange Y
Oil pink B
Oil red...
Oil red C
Oil red I, N, 1700
Oil red O
Oil soluble yellow...
Oil yellow 2625
Oxamine copper blue RRX
Oiydiaminogen OB
Palaside green
Paranol direct orange GL
Penetrating benzene brown R...
Pentaway gray
Pentaway rubinol.
Manufac-
turers' iden-
tification
numbers
(accorc^ing
to list on
p. 188)
121
107
107
109
107
107
31
31
X
31
46
6
112
107
107
107
73
46
46
46
109
46
46
138
107
112
112
97
138
X
109
31
70
31
63
107
107
107
X
107
73
7
70
X
34
70,73
107
X
34, 163
73
7,107
163
107
46
107
121
109
34
X
X
Common name
Permanent Bordeaux 2BL
Permanent red GMT
Permanent red R extra
Pluto black
Pontachrome brown R, SW
Pontachrome yellow SW
Pontacyl light red 4BL.
Pontacjd red 4R
Pontacyl rubine BR
Pontamine brilliant violet B.
Pontamine diazo black H
Pontamine diazo blue 3G
Pontamine diazo brown R
Pontamine diazo green 2GL
Pontamine diazo orange G, RR
Pontamine diazo scarlet 2BL
Pontamine diazo violet BL.
Pontamine fast blue 6GL
Pontamine fast orange ER
Pontamine light gray GG
Resorcin brown YX cone
Rosanthrene A, R
Rosanthrene orange
Rubber blue 5R
Rubber orange RR.
Rubber yellow RR
Scarlet 3B
Serichrome black WSE
Serichrome green B, G
Silk black 4BF, G
Silk brown G..
Silk red brown R
Solamine blue FF
Solantine blue FF
Solantine brown R.
Solantine gray Gl
Solantine orange G
Solantine red 8BLN
SR Ablacklll, IV, IV Hy spl
S R A blue III, IV, V....
S R A golden orange I, III
S R A golden yellow VIII, IX, X, XI.
XII
S R A heliotrope I
S R A orange I, II, III
S R A pink II
S R A pure yellow I, II..
S R A red I, III, V, VIII
S R A violet II
Sulphon cyanine 2B
Superchrome yellow 2G
Supramine red 3B
Thianthrene orange R
Thianthrene pink FB, FF
Victoria fast violet
Wool black B, GRF
Wool blue CG
Wool fast violet 2R ,
Wool green B...
Wool navy B
Zambesi black BG, PC
Zambesi black D
Zambesi black V 2
Zambesi black VX
Manufac-
turers' iden-
. tification
numbers
(recording
to list on
p. 188)
31
31, 70, 107
31,46,107,112
112
2 Sales of Zambesi black V were 308,662 pounds, valued at $199,182, with a production of 316,622 pounds-
74 CENSrS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Employees and Rates of Pay
The nuinber of employees receiving specified rates of pay on^
December 18, 1927, or on the nearest representative date for which
this information could be obtained, as reported by 133 firms manu-
facturing coal-tar products in 1927, is shown in Table 28. The 32
firms for which data are omitted either conducted a business in which
coal-tar products were not the primary articles of manufacture or
did not have separately organized departments dealing therewith.
In 1914 only seven firms in the United States manufactured coal-
tar colors and other products.*^ These gave employment to 528 per-
sons. The 133 firms reporting in 1927 gave employment to 9,893
persons. In recent years there has been a steady integration of plants
and a decrease in employees. Comparative figures are as follows:
1926, 139 firms, with 10,'l42 employees; 1925, 154 firms, with 10,971
employees: 1924, 158 firms, with 12,569 employees; 1923, 181 firms,
with 14,841 employees.
Chemists and technically trained men in 1927 conslituted 14.2 per
cent of all employees, as compared with 13.4 per cent in 1926, and
14.6 per cent in 1925. Of the 1,402 men of this group in 1927, 34.52
per cent received $75 and over per week, 27.03 per cent received
between $50 and $75, 7.99 per cent between $35 and $40, 6.78 per
cent between $40 and $45, and 5.49 per cent between $45 and $50.
For men without technical training the scale of compensation was as
follows: 23.87 per cent received between $25 and $30 per week,
23.25 per cent between $30 and $35, 15.38 per cent between $20 and
$25. In general, rates of pay were slightly lower in 1927 than in
1926. Table 28 compares specified rates of pa}'' of technically trained
men with those of men not having such training.
Among the technically trained men the increase in terms of per-
centages in the pay of each group was as follows: 1.82 per cent in
the group receiving $75 and over. Of men without technical training
the increase was 0.45 per cent in the group receiving $30 but under $35,
0.89 per cent in the group receiving $25 but under $30, and 0.67 per
cent in the group receiving $35 but under $40.
As stated in previous reports, the dye and coal-tar chemical indus-
try has probably a larger proportion of technically trained men than
any other manufacturing industry in the United States.
' Bureau of the Census, Department of Commerce.
EMPLOYEES AND RATES OF PAY
75
Table 28. — Einployecs and ratea of pay in the coal-tar dye and chemical industry,
1927
Wage per week
Under $10
$10 but under .$15
$15 but under .$20
■$20 but undf-r $25 . . .
-.$25 but uuder.$30.
•$30 but under $35
■$.35 but under !&40
$40 but under $45
$45 but under .$.=^0.
■$50 but under $75
■$75 and over
Total.
Number of employees at each
specified wage engaged in
manufacturing operations
^nd7i^h Men With-'
'^nilim out tech- : All em-
trained '^1^'?' i P''^''^''^
men '">°»°S -
I
20
46
79
109
112
95
379
484
22
219
478
1,306
2,027
1,974
1,185
642
366
239
33
22
220
498
1.352
2.106
2,083
1.297
737
443
618
517
1,402
8,491
Percentage receiv-
ing each specified
wage
?n^Tnh''Menwith-
"J^^lniS^-
0.07
1.43
3.28
5.63
7.78
7.99
6.78
5.49
27. 03
34. 52
0.26
2.5S
5.63
15.38
23.87
23.25
13.96
r.56
4.31
2.81
.39
100. 00 ; 100. 00
Percentage receiv-
ing each specified
wage or more
Chemists
and tech-
nically
trained
men
100.00
99.93
98.50
95.22
89.59
81.81
73. 82
67.05
61. 55
34.52
Men
without
technical
training
100.00
99.74
97.16
91.53
76.15
52.28
29.03
15.07
7.51
3.20
.39
Tabi.k 29. — Employees and rates of pay in the coal-tar dye and chemical industry,
1927 as compared with 1926
AVage per week
1 Decrease.
Percentage receiving each specified wage or more
Chemists and technically
trained men
Men without technical
training
1927
1926
Increase
1927
1926
Increase
■Under$10^
100.00
99.74
97.16
91.53
76. 15
52. 28
29.03
i,5.07
7.51
.3.20
.39
100.00
99.75
97. 58
91.34
75.26
51. 83
28.36
1.5.77
7.87
.3.41
.38
$10 but under $15
ioo.oo
99.93
98.50
95.22
89.59
81.81
73. 82
67.05
61.. 55
34. 52
100.00
99.78
98. 45
95.36
89.76
82.91
74.89
68.41
61.93
32.70
"""" ais"
.05
1.14
1.17
1 1.10
1 1.07
1 1.36
i.,38
1.82
•0.01
$15 but under .$20
$20 but under $25 ..
1.42
.19
$25 but under .$30
.89
$30 but under $35
.45
$35 but under $40 ._
.67
$40 but under $45
'.70
$45 but under $."'0 ..
1.36
$50 but under $75
I 21
$75 and over
.01
RESEARCH WORK
Of the 165 firms engaged in the manufacture of dyes and other
coal-tar chemicals in 1927, 42 had separately organized research
laboratories. The total cost of the research work carried on in these
laboratories, together with that done in laboratories not separately
organized for research, was !S2,584,908. This figure is an increase
of $573,078 over expenditures in 1926. The data obtained by the
Tariff Commission inrlude in 1927, as in 1926, not only the total
cost of the research work rairied on by the companies reporting, but
the net cost of such work chargeable to coal-tar products alone.
The $2,327,289 reported as the net cost in 1927 is doubtless an under-
statement of the real cost of experimental work, since the figures do
76 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
not include in all cases the cost of research forming a part of manu-
facturing operations but not charged against research on the books
of the companies.
The total sales of the finished coal-tar products in 1927 exceeded
$61,000,000. The high research expenditure, amounting to 4.2 per
cent of the total sales, gives some indication of the large amount
considered necessary for such work in this industry.
PART III
SYNTHETIC MEDICINALS
77
Part III
SYNTHETIC MEDICINALS
A valuable contribution of science to human welfare is the applica-
tion of chemistry to medicine. Through cooperative work, chemists
and pharmacologists have placed at the disposal of the physician
many new drugs for the prevention, alleviation, or cure of disease.
Most of the older drugs were plant products varying widely in
strength and in therapeutic value. By chemical methods the active
principles of many drugs are now extracted for medicinal use in more
desirable and standardized form. A case in point is the alkaloid,
ephedrine, used for the treatment of asthma. Chemically, ephedrine
is alpha-hydroxy-beta-methy^lamino-propanol. It is obtained from
the Chinese plant, mahuang, used in early times in Chinese medicine
but untU recently serving no purpose in medicine. Efficacious
remedies of recent introduction include extracts from the organs
of animals — ^adrenalin from the suprarenal gland, thyroxin from the
thyroid gland, pituitrin from the pituitary gland, and insulin from
the pancreas. Medicinals prepared from plant and animal products
are of inestimable value in the treatment of disease.
The following pages of this section are devoted to a discussion of
recent developments in synthetic medicinals. These occupy a prom-
inent place in medicine and intensive research promises to reveal
new products essential for the treatment and prevention of disease.
Of the large number of synthetic organic chemicals, hardly more
than 100 have a permanent place in the daily practice of the modern
physician. Many others, however, have special applications.
A chemical product becomes a drug only after its therapeutic
value is demonstrated. Many have been introduced so recently that
their value in medicine is indeterminate. Occasionally a well-known
chemical is found to have curative properties. For example, carbon
tetrachloride — an excellent remedy for hookworm — was familiar as
a chemical years before its medicinal value was discovered.
Prior to 1914 Germany was the leading producer of synthetic
medicinals. The domestic production of synthetic medicinals was
then limited to salicylic acid and its salts, acetyl-salicylic acid, acet-
anilide, acetphenetidin, benzoic acid resorcin, salol, phenolphthalein,
ether, chloroform, chloral hydrate, and a few others.
As the war progressed there developed in the United States an
acute shortage of many important synthetic medicinals and several
domestic manufacturers began their production. The principal
difficulty encountered in the preparation of these products was the
lack "of experienced chemists. Then, too, many patents taken out in
the United States were controlled by foreigners.
On October 6, 1917, Congress passed the trading with the enemy
act, authorizing the Federal Trade Commission to issue licenses for
the manufacture of chemicals controlled by enemy-owned patents.
In the enforcement of this act the Federal Trade Commission adopted
79
80 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
the practice of authorizing at least two manufacturers to make each
chemical for which it issued a license.
All patents held in the name of German aliens or corporations
were seized by the Alien Property Custodian and sold to the Chemical
Foundation. Patents held in the name of American corporations
controlled by enemy aliens through stock ownership were not in-
cluded in this seizure, but remained a part of the assets of the respec-
tive companies.
The Chemical Foundation purchased for $250,000 approximately
4,500 patents on chemical products, processes, and machinery.
Licenses under its patents are now granted on equal terms to all
responsible American applicants. The development of the domestic
industry is no longer hampered by these foreign-owned patents. The
utilization of processes covered by them, possible only after extensive
research, has permitted domestic manufacturers to make a variety
of important synthetic medicinals. In the last decade America has
given to the world many new and valuable synthetic medicinals. A
partial list of these is appended here.^
General anesthetics. — Ethylene, propylene, butylene.
Local anesthetics. — Apothesine, butyn, butysin, butesin picrate, tutocaine.
Benzyl esters. — Benzoate, stearate, fumarate, succinate.
Chloramines. — Chloramine, dichloramine, halazone.
Antiseptics. — Dibromin, hexyl resorcinol.
Hypnotics. — Neonal, amytal, ipral, dial, allonal.
Arsenic compounds. — Sulfarsphenamine, trj'parsamide.
Mercury compounds. — Mercurochrome, mercurosal, metaphen.
Bismuth compounds. — Tartrate, salicylate, and others.
Dyes. — Tetraiodophenolphthalein, phenolsulfonphthalein, acriflavine.
A discussion of arsphenamine and other organic arsenic compounds,
anesthetics, biological stains, and medicinal dyes follows.
Arsphenamine and other organic arsenic compounds. — Most syn-
thetic medicinals have been synthesized according to definite chem-
ical principles. Among the most valuable of the synthetic medicinals
developed as a result of chemical research are arsphenamine and other
compounds of arsenic, used for the treatment of venereal diseases.
Arsphenamine ^ was discovered by Erlich and Bertheim in Germany
in 1910 as the result of systematic and thorough organic and biological
research. The treatment of syphilis with arsenic was not new when
arsphenamin was introduced; arsenic in its inorganic form had been
used for many years. Antisyphilitic agents containing arsenic may be
considered in three groups: (a) Cacodylates, (b) arsanilates, (c) arsen-
obenzols, all of which contain arsenic in the organic form.
The cacodylates are aliphatic compounds and close derivatives of
arsenic acid. The effects of cacodylates are due principally to their
partial chemical reduction in the body. They are generally considered
as inferior to arsphenamine.
Arsanilates are aromatic derivatives of arsenic acid made by com-
bining the acid with aniline in the presence of an alkali. The sodium
salt of arsanilic acid — sodium arsanilate — was introduced under the
name "atoxyl," as a nontoxic agent for the treatment of syphilis.
Although fairly effective, it was found after repeated application to
be highly toxic — sometimes causing permanent blindness.
• Me'licinals and Dyes, Ind. and Eng. Chemistry, November, 1926, p. 1330.
' A Consideration of Arsphenamine and Certain Other Organic Arsenic Compounds Used in the Treat-
ment of Syphilis. O. B. Roth, Treasury Department, U. S. Public Health Service.
SYNTHETIC MEDICINALS 81
Phenyl glycine p-arsenic acid is a representative of the third type,
the arsenobenzols. On reduction with sodium hydrosulfite, this acid
yields arseno phen}^ p-glycine, a trivalent compound of therapeutic
value. The relation of arseno phenyl p-glycine to arsphenamine is
very close. By varying and changing the position and kind of side
chains, Erlich found that the best results were obtained on mice
infected with relapsing fever and on human beings afflicted with
syphilis, by administering dihydrochloride of 3 :3-diamino, 4 :4-hydroxy-
arsenobenzene, 606 in Erlich 's series, or salvarsan, now known offi-
cially as arsphenamine.
The discovery that arsphenamine is beneficial in certain protozoan
infections led Erlich to further investigations of derivatives of arse-
nobenzol. Treating arsphenamine with sodium formaldehyde sul-
foxahite, he formed the condensation product, sodium 3:3-diamino
4:4-dihydroxy-arsenobenzene-n-methylene sulfinate. This is 914 in
Erhch's series, officially known in the United States as neoars-
phenamine; it is to-day the leading arsenical in the treatment of
syphiHs.
Since Erlich's discoveries, considerable research has been directed
toward improving compoimds of the arsenobenzol type and many new
compounds have been discovered. None has, however, supplanted or
even closely rivaled arsphenamine and neoarsphenamine.
The Treasury Department issues regulations for the control of the
production, importation, and sale of arsephanamines, recognizing
officially by license the following compounds: Arsphenamine, neoar-
sphenamine, sodium arsphenamine, silver arsphenamine, neo silver
arsphenamine, phospharsphenamine (galayl), sulf arsphenamine,
bismuth arsphenamine sulfonate, arsphenamine diglucoside, sul-
fonglarphenamine (a compound of glucose with arsphenamine base).
Anesthetics. — The newer general anesthetics include ethyl bromide,
ethyl chloride, meth^^l chloride, ethylene, propjdene, and butjdene.
An important member of this group is ethylene, a colorless gas with a
peculiar sweet smell. It has bf en known to chemists for many years,
but only recently has its value as an anesthetic been demonstrated.
It acts directly on the nervous system and produces deep, surgical
anesthesia. When given with oxygen, ethylene is more powerful
than nitrous oxide and is usually as efficacious as ether.
Cocaine was for a long time the leading local anesthetic, but it had
certain undesirable properties which led to the search for new and
superior substitutes. As a result many local anesthetics have recently
been introduced; among these are: Allypin, apothesine, a local
anesthetic of the procaine rather than the cocaine type; benzyl
alcohol, used either bv injection or by application to the mucous
membrane; butyn, a surface anesthetic, particularly for the eyes,
nose, and throat; phenacaine, with the advantage of a quicker effect
than cocaine; procaine; stovaine; tutocain, used chiefly for surface
anesthesia and in subcutaneous injection. Tutocain rapidly produces
a complete and prolonged anesthesia and is effective even in relatively
low concentration.
Benzocaine, orthoform, and butesine are anesthetics of slight
solubility; hence unsuitable for injection. As they are slowly absorbed
the}' are safer for ulcers, wounds, and mucous surfaces. The an-
esthesia induced is not so complete, but it is more lasting than that
induced by soluble local anesthetics. Benzocaine and orthoform are
82 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
about equally efficacious; butesine is said to be more efficacious than
benzocaine. As a group these anesthetics are practically nonirritant
and nontoxic.
Biological stains. — Ehrenberg has the reputation of being the first
to use dyes in microscopic work. He is reported to have used them
for this purpose as early as 1838. He did not stain his specimens
according to modern methods but fed ground indigo and carmine to
the microorganisms under investigation. The assumption was that
the organisms would take up the dye and that their digestive systems
could be traced by observing what portions of the body became
colored. These organisms showed certain zones or bands of color and
it was assumed that each color region was a stomach, hence the name
"polygastrica" for this group.
Pioneer work in microscopy must have been extremely difficult.
It is almost incredible that so much important work could have been
accomplished without stains when to-day microscopists find them
almost indispensable.
Staining is generally conceded to be either a physical or a chemical
phenomenon; the chemical theory is probably more widely accepted
than the physical. The chemical theory has its basis in the fact that
certain parts of animal or plant cells, such as the nuclei, are acid,
with an affinity for basic dyes. The cytoplasm is assumed to be
basic, as it has an affinity for acid dyes.
In the past the use of dyes in biological work was difficult because
of the varying and inexact chemical processes used in d3^e manufac-
ture. The purity of the dye could not be depended upon, nor could
an exact duplicate of a color invariably be obtained from the same
manufacturmg plant. Before the war the Griibler Co. of Germany
specialized in biological stains, and it is to them that a large part of
the modern success in that field is due.
After the war a cooperative movement was started to standardize
stains on a scientific basis. The outcome of this movement was the
Commission on Standardization of "^ Biological Stains, organized
in 1922 under the auspices of the National Research Council. Al-
though still affiliated with the council, it is no longer a part of that
body. The commission sought the cooperation of chemists, dye
manufacturers, and stain dealers to the end of insuring to biologists,
a supply of reliable stains. An executive committee of five manages
the affairs of the commission. Its personnel consists of a bacteri-
ologist, a botanist, a dye chemist, a pathologist, and a zoologist.
A list of the most important stains ^ in use at the present time
is given below:
ANIMAL HISTOLOGY
Nuclear stains (basic) :
Thionin. Gentian violet (including crystal and
Methylene blue. methyl violet).
Fuchsin. Cochineal and cannin.
Haematoxylin.
Cytoplasm stains (acid) :
Picric acid. Light green SF yellowish.
Orange G. Acid fuchsin.
Congo Red. Anilin blue WS.
Neutral Red. Eosin Y.
Fat stains:
Sudan IIL Sudan IV.
8 Biological Stains, by H. J. Conn.
SYNTHETIC MEDICINALS
83
PLANT HISTOLOGY
Por lignified cell walls:
Safranin.
Gentian violet (including crj'stal and
methyl violet).
For cellulose walls:
Light green SF yellowish.
Acid fuchsin.
Eosin Y.
Methyl green.
Erythrosin.
Haematoxylin.
CYTOLOGY
General nuclear stains (basic) :
Methylene blue. Methyl green.
Gentian violet (including crystal and Carmin.
methyl violet). Haematoxylin.
Special chromatin stains:
Safranin. Haematoxylin.
Gentian violet (including crystal and
methyl violet).
Cytoplasm stains (acid) :
Picric acid. Eosin Y.
Orange G.
Stains for mitochondria, etc.:
Janus green B. Crystal violet.
Acid fuchsin.
PATHOLOGY AND BACTERIOLOGY
Nuclear stains (basic) :
Thionin.
Methylene blue.
Gentian violet (including crystal and
methyl violet).
Cytoplasm stains (acid) :
Picric acid.
Orange G.
Acid fuchsin.
Blood stain constituents:
Methylene blue (basic).
Fat stains:
Sudan IV.
Bacterial stains:
Methylene blue.
Fuchsin.
Fuchsin.
Cochineal and carmin.
Haematoxylin.
Anilin blue WS.
Eosin Y.
Eosin Y (acid).
Gentian violet (including crystal and
methyl violet).
Medicinal dyes. — Practically all dyes used in medicine are organic
synthetics. The group may be divided into the following classes:
4. Phenolphthalein.
1. Azo.
2. Acridine.
3. Fluorescein.
5. Triphenylmethane.
6. Miscellaneous.
The azo dyes have been used in medicine for many years. In
New and Nonofficial Remedies, 1927, a publication of the American
Medical Association, a distinction is made between two scarlet R
compounds: Scarlet R medicinal Biebrich is toluylazotoluylazo-
betanaphthol ; scarlet red sulfonate is the sodium salt of azobenzene-
disulfonic acid azobetanaphthol. The two compounds are used
to promote the growth of epithelium in the treatment of burns,
wounds, and chronic ulcers.
Representative acridine dyes used in medicine are: Acriflavine,
neutral acriflavine, and proflavine. They appear to possess marked
antiseptic and germicidal properties. In the treatment of wounds
acriflavine and proflavine are said to be free from toxic or irritant
84 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
action on living tissues and not to inhibit appreciably the phaocytic"
action of the leukocytes on the healing process.
Fluorescein, used mainly as a diagnostic agent in opthalmologic
work, is formed by combining resorcinol with phthalic anhydride.
Fluorescein is easily brominated — the tetrabrom compound being
eosin — the former combines with one molecule of mercury; the
sodium salt of this mercury compound is known as flumerin. Mer-
curochrome is used extensivelj^ as a bactericide. It is the compound
formed when two hydrogen atoms of flumerin are replaced by bromine
atoms.
Phenolphthalein is a condensation product of phthalic anhydride
and phenol. All compounds of the phenophthalein type, except
phenolphthalein itself, are used in medicine as diagnostic agents.
I us the laxative action of phenolphthalein and not its property of
forming color that leads to its general use in medicine. The sodi\im
salts of tetrebromophenolphthalein and tetraiodophenolphthalein are
used in X-ray practice. These compounds when present in the gall
bladder cast a shadow because of the heavy halogen molecules.
Of the triphenylmethane dyes, gentian violet is said to possess
properties of great penetration. Its chief application is in the treat-
ment of maladies of the pleural cavity and of the joints, particularly
empyema and arthritis.
CONCLUSION
The prevention and cure of disease involve complex problems
that no one branch of science is capable of solving. Fundamentally
chemical in their nature, their solution nevertheless depends upon
cooperation between chemists and other scientists. In reducing
the ravages of disease the role of the chemist is an important one.
Advances of chemistry in the field of medicine in the past are indeed
noteworthy; those in the future may be beyond the horizon of our
present imagination.
PART IV
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION
IN THE UNITED STATES, 1927
So
^ Part IV
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION IN THE UNITED
STATES, 1927
Introduction
Beginning with 1919 the United States Tariff Commission has
annually compiled a detailed census of dye imports similar to that
published by the Department of Commerce under the title "Artificial
Dyestuffs Used in the United States (fiscal year 1913-14)," commonly
known as the "Norton Import Census."
The commission first compiled such statistics for use in the admin-
istration of section 501, Title 5, of the tariff act of September 8, 1916,
which made the continuance of specific duties on coal-tar products,
after September 8, 1921, dependent upon the production in the United
States of as much as 60 per cent in value of the consumption of these
products. As the information was found to be of direct value to
manufactiirers, consumers, and importers, as well as to the commission
itself, in considering tariff aspects of the coal-tar chemical industry,
the annual census of imports has been continued.
Imports for consumption for the year 1927, including warehouse
withdrawals for dyes and other products within paragraphs 27 and 28,
have been compiled and published each month under a cooperative
arrangement between the chemical divisions of the Department of
Commerce and the Tarifi' Commission. Certain discrepancies will be
found to exist between the final figures published under this arrange-
ment for the year 1927 and the preliminary figures published in the
monthly reports for the reason that in checking the preliminary
figures, minor errors were corrected and a few additions made.
In tabulating the dye statistics the commission has followed in the
main the "Colour Index," issued by the British Society of Dyers and
Colourists, and other sources of information in the files.
Such dyes as could not be identified by Colour Index numbers are
classified by the ordinary method of application, as follows: Acid,
basic, direct, lake and spirit soluble, mordant and chrome, sulfur,
and vat. The classification of a dye by its method of application is
often purely arbitrary, as certain colors may be applied by either of
two methods.
The rate of exchange used in converting foreign invoice values to
United States currency is either the rate given on the invoice, or in
comparatively few cases, the exchange value published by the
Treasury Department for the month in which consular certification
occurred.
7709—28 7 87
88 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
SUMMAEY OF IMPORTS OF DyES
The total import of coal-tar dyes in 1927 was 4,233,046 pounds,
valued at S3,413,SS6, as compared with 4,673,196 pounds in 1926,
with an invoice value of 84,103,301. (For ^mparison of imports
with domestic production and effect of chang^ of duty on imports,
see pp. 42-44.)
Table 30. — Dyes: Imports into the United Stales, by country of shipment, 1925-1927
Country of shipment
Percentage of total quantity
1925
1926
1927
53 j
32
4
4
2
2
2
1 -
50
33
2
4
3
4
4
58
26
Italv
2
4
4
4
IMPORT STATISTICS
Table 34, page 92, shows the quantity and value (when publishable)
of individual dyes imported in 1927. Table 31 is a summary of dyes
imported from 1922 to 1927, inclusive, classified according to method
of appHcation. Table 32 compares the volume of the 1927 imports
of the leading dyes in each class by application with corresponding
imports in the period 1924 to 1926 and in the fiscal year 1914.
Table 31. — Dyes imported into the United States, classified by method oj application.
1922-1927
1922 1923
1924
Class of dye
Per cent
of total
Pounds
Per cent
of total
Acid 601,395 15.10 544,048
17.56
324,538
10.74
Vat:
(a) Indigo 505 .01
5.471
1, 493. 851
.18
(6) Vat (other than indigo) 1,548,519 38.89 1,207,554
38.98
49.43
Total... ] 1,549,024 ; 38.90 1.207,554
38.98
1,499,322
49.61
Mordant and chrome: i 1
(a) \lizarin 27.086 .68 27,716
.89
13.74
42,695
371, 207
(6) Mordant and chrome ■ 689.704 17.32 | 425,699
Total 716,790 ! 18.00 453.415
14.63 ! 413,902
13.69
Direct ' 671,621 1 16.86 527,014
Sulfur ! 194.883' 4.89 114,023
Basic 1 155,084 3.89 210.896
Spirit-soluble and c"lor-lake 76,853 1.93 23,213
17.01
3.68
6.81
. 75
421,538
87,764
249,068
17.334
9.073
13. 95
2.90
8.24
.57
Unidentified, unclassified special.... 16,981 .43 18,030
.58
.30
Total 3,982,631 100.00 3,098,193! 100.00 | 3,022,539
100.00
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION
89
Table 31. — Di/es imported into the United States, classified by method of application,
1922-1927— Continued
1925
1926
1927
Class of dye
Pounds
Per cent
of total
Pounds
Per cent
of total
1
Pounds ^^^ *'*"*
Pounds 1 of total
589, 959
11.32
793. 855
16.99
654,729 ' 15.47
Vat:
(n) Indigo
1.952 i .04
2,416,890 46.39
2.806
1, 845, 208
.06
39.49
6,057 .14
(6) Vat (other than indigo)
1, 724, 910 40. 75
Total - -
2,418,842 1 46.43
1, 848, 014
39.55
1, 730, 967 40. 89
Mordant and chrome:
75, 174 1. 45
566, 924 10. 88
86,606
1.85
89,210 2.11
(b) Mordant and chrome
413, 398
8.85
399.395 9.43
Total
642,098 i 12.33
500,004
10.70
488, 605 11. 54
Direct
759,024 1 14.57
122.230 i 2.35
607,637 11.66
57, 540 1. 10
12.271 1 .24
805. 848
17.24
721,342 17.04
Sulfur
• 149. 723 1 3. 20
406. 732 8. 70
86. 106 1. 84
82, 914 1. 78
334, 526 7. 90
Basic --
137. 864 3. 26
Spirit-soluble and color-lake
134, 778 3. 18
Unidentified, unclassified special
30,235 .72
Total
5, 209, 601
100.00
4, 673, 196 100. 00
4,233,046 100.00
1
Table 32. — Dyes of each class, according to method of application, imported in
largest quantity in the calendar year 1927, compared with corresponding imports
in 1926, 1925, 1924, and in the fiscal year 1914
Erioglaucine
Patent blue A
Alizarin light blue B
Brilliant wool blue FFR
Wool fast blue
Brilliant milhng blue
Acid milling black B
Polar red
Fast green extra bluish
Patent blue V
Naphthalene green V
Neptune green SGX
Cvanol
Acid black 2R
Indocyanine
Polar orange
Novazol blue
Neolan blue
Brilliant sulfon red
Xylene fast blue FF
307
430
691
712
735
667
715
1184
1113
1151
1095
1212
1150
1229
1190
1118
1228
1152
1217
Helindone printing black RD paste
Brilliant indigo 4B
Indanthrene blue GCD
Indanthrene brown R
Anthraflavone GC...
Vat golden yellow GK
Indanthrene red violet RH
Indanthrene olive R
Cibared R
Brilliant indigo B
Indanthrene yellow G
Indanthrene golden orange RRT
Hydron pink FF
Indanthrene green
Ciba scarlet
Indanthrene brown G
Helindone orange R _.
22, 265
14,489
1 The type name represents in most cases the principal color imported in 1927*
- Included in Schultz No. 562.
3 Included in Indamine 6R.
* Single strength.
90
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 32. — Dyes of each class, according to method of application, imported in
largest quantity in the'calendar year 1927, compared with corresponding imports
in 1926, 1925, 1924, and in the fiscal year 1914 — Continued
Colour I
Index I
No. I
Class and type name of dye
VAT DYES— continued
Vat printing brown R.
1099 Indanthrene dark blue BO
1162 Indanthrene red RK
MORDANT AND CHROME DYES
Alizarin, synthetic _..
Alizarin viridine FF
Gallamine blue
Eriochrome black A.
Alizarin cyclamine R
Eriochrome azurol BC
Alizarin orange A.
Alizarin red S...
Alizarin pure blue B ■_
Alizarin blue black
Purpurine
Alizarin red SX.
Alizarin blue S..
Metachrome blue black
Eriochrome flavine A
Erichrome red G i
Acid alizarin gray G
Chromazurol S
Alizarin black S
Modern violet
DIRECT DYES
Rapid fast red GL
Chloramine red
Chlorantine fast blue..
Diaminogene blue
Chlorantine fast violet
Benzo fast brown- _
Trisulfon brown B
Diazo sky blue
Rapid fast orange
Rapid fast red.
Diamine fast orange
Trisulfon brown GO
Chlorantine fast brown
Brilliant sky blue
Chloramine brilliant red 8B
Pyrazol orange
Chlorantine fast green B
Diazol light red N8B
Benzo fast yellow RL..
Diphenyl brown BBNC
BASIC DYES
Rhodamine B...
Rhodamine 6GDN, 6GH
Euchrysine
Victoria blue B
Phosphine
New methylene blue
Pararosaniiine base
Methyl violet
Magenta.
Methyl Lyons blue
Ethyl" violet....
Thioflavine T
Diphene blue
Setoghiucine.
Crystal violet
SULFUR DYES
T hionol green
Indocarbon
Thionol yellow
Thionol brown
Katigene chrome blue 50..
' Does not include Alizarin light gray BS.
* Includes Eriochrome red R.
^ Separate figures not obtainable.
' Single strength basis.
« Included in Schultz No. 571.
19 Included in Schultz No. 74S.
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION
91
The following table gives the stocks of coal-tar dyes and interme-
diates remammg in bonded warehouse each month since January 31,
1927, as published in the Monthly Summary of Foreign Commerce
by the Department of Commerce:
Table 33. — Dyes and intermediates remaining in bonded customs warehouse
January 31, 1927, to April 80, 1928
Date
Coal-tar
dyes and
colors
Coal-tar
interme-
diates
Date
Coal-tar
dyes and
colors
Coal-tar
interme-
diates
Jan. 31, 1927
Pounds
615, 542
896, 059
869, 963
1, 125, 983
1, 065, 143
1, 003, 847
925, 569
887, 447
Pounds
647, 692
719, 055
712, 617
827, 260
813, 137
866, 105
844, 058
876, 786
Sept. 30, 1927
Pounds
705, 885
654, 691
716, 790
742, 512
609, 573
636, 566
716, 032
740, 239
Pounds
808, 560
Feb 28, 1927
Oct. 31, 1927 .-.
773, 472
Mar. 31, 1927
Nov. 30, 1927...
655, 091
Apr. 30, 1927
Dec. 31, 1927
862, 773
May 31, 1927
Jan. 31, 1928
818, 695
June 30, 1927
Feb. 29, 1928
1,291,636
July 31 1927
Mar. 31, 1928
1,264,965
Aug. 31, 1927
Apr. 30, 1928
506, 337
Key to Abbreviations Used in Table
1 . german companies
IG Inteiessen Gemeinschaft Teerfarbeu Industrie A. G.
A Actien-Gesellschaft fiir Anilin-Fabrikation, Berlin. Founded 1873.
B Badische Anilin-und-Soda-Fabrik, Ludwigshafen-on-the-Rhine. Founded 1865.
By Farbenfabrikpn, vormals Friedr. Bayer & Co., Leverkusen-on-the-Rhine. Founded 1862.
C Leopold Cassella A Co., Frankfort-on-thc-Main. Founded 1870.
OrE Chemische Fabrik Grieshoim-Electron. Oflenbach-on-the-Main. Founded 1842.
K Kalle & Co., A. G., Biebrich-on-the-Rhine. Founded 1870.
M.. Farbwerke, vormals Meister Lucius & Bruning, Ilochst-on-the Main. Founded 1862.
AG Actien-Gesellschaft fiir Anilin-Fabrikation, Berlin and Chemische Fabrik Griesheim-Electron,
Offenbach -on-the-Main.
2. FRENCH COMPANIES
CN Compagnie Nationale de Matieres Colorantes et Produits Chimiques. Founded 1917.
StD Societe Anonyme des Matieres Colorantes et Produits Chimiques St. Denis (formerly A. Poir-
rier), St. Denis, near Paris, France. Founded 1830.
3. SWISS COMPANIES, ALL AT BASEL
DH Farbwerke, vormals L. Durand, Huguenin & Co. Founded 1871.
G Anilinfarben-und-Extract-Fabriken, vormals Joh. Rud. Geigy. Founded 1764.
I Gesellschaft fiir chemische Industrie. Founded 1885.
Roh Chemical Works Rohner, Ltd.
S Chemische Fabrik, vormals Sandoz & Co. Founded 1887.
4. ENGUSH COMPANIES
BAC British Alizarine Co. (Ltd.), London and TrafTord Park.
BDC British Dyestuffs Corporation, (Ltd.), Huddersfleld and Manchester.
Bro Brotherton & Co. (Ltd.). Port Rainbow, Bromborough Port, near Birkenhead.
CAC Clavton Aniline Co. (Ltd.) Clayton, Manchester.
LBH L. B. Holliday & Co. (Ltd.), Huddersfleld.
Lo Charles Lowe & Co., Manchester.'
NBC North British Chemical Co., Fairfield Road Works, Droylsden, Manchester.
SD ._ Scottish Dyes (Ltd.), Grangemouth.
Q Importations of unknown source, through dealers in colors.
92 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 34. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1927
Col-
Name of dye
Manu-
facturer
Imports
our
Index
No.
Quantity
Invoice
value
Total -.
Pounds
4, 233, 046
$3, 413, 886
Naphthol yellow SXX -
IG
10
180
11
260 --
Amido vellow E
IG
Erio fast yellow AE .
G
16
IG
IG
IG...
IG
10
21
Chrysoidine RL base.
Moti orange R
Crystal orange
25
75
50
10.100
24
27
32
8,244
Brilliant sulfon red B
Brilliant sulfon red 5B
Brilliant sulfon red lOB
Fast sulfon violet 5BS
S
S
s
s
.. ..
40
210
Chrome orange R...
Metachrome orange R
Nitrosamine red paste
Sorrel red X
Azo wool blue SE
Rapid fast red GL paste
Red ponceau R..
Ponceau 3R
DH .. .
IG
44
IG
IG
IG
IG
Q- -
2,500
1,650
200
41, 525
441
102
2,300
54
58
70
79
80
Q -
104
Metachrome olive brown G
Metachrome olive brown G
Acid anthracene brown R
Guinea fast red 2R..
Erika2GN.....
Bro
IG
105
IG
IG
IG
1,000
950
25
879
114
126
127
1,098
Brilliant geranine B
Brilliant geranine 3B
Geranine G
Diamine rose BD
Erika B extra
Cotton pink GN
Bv
By
Bv
128
IG
IG
IG
o
100
50
300
3,306
445
1,433
2,240
551
5,500
130
131
145
150 oVdnfTP S °
IG
G
157
Eriochrome phosphine RR.
Lake red C
Chrome brown RVV
165
Q — -
G
171
172
Acid alizarin black R
Acid alizarin black R
Metachrome violet B.
IG
s
173
IG
1,300
2,502
195
1,357
Alizarin yellow DD
Chrome yellow DF.
Mordant yellow GS
Acid ponceau E
Eriochrome black A
Eriochrome flavine A cone
s
IG .
IG..
196
G
770
26, 455
7,714
535
204
G
219
G
224
Silk red ST 1
Stanley red
Thiazine red RXX
IG
CAC
225
IG
1,200
425
236
Yellow JG_..
Yellow JR...
Alaska black lOBX
Pr.ftnn cpnrlpt ovtra
IG.
IG
246
IG
IG
IG
75
500
525
100
252
256 Ploth vpH "sfi BYtra
266
267
276
278
Red JB
IG
IG..
G
50
110
3,845
Chlorantine fast red 7BL . .
5,137
■Rpnyn fnst nihiiiA RT.
IG
1 nrilnrantinp ftn;t rfifl .'iRf,
I
286
288
I
Chlorazol fast red KX
BDC
Erythriue 7BX
IG
IG
IG
G
20
3,700
550
2,204
19. 844
SnlfnnfvnninP cl
281 Cloth fast blue B
307 i Acid milling black B..
G
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION 93
Table 34. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1927 — Continued
Name of dye
Imports
Manu-
facturer
Quantity
Invoice
value
Brilliant black BX
Diaminogen blue
BlueNA
Diamineral blue B
Diaminogen blue NA
Diazamine blue BR cone
Diaminogen
Black extra
Diaminogen extra pdr
Benzo fast heliotrope...
Benzo fast heliotrope 2RL pdr
Chlorazol fast heliotrope BK
Chlorazol fast heliotrope 2RK
Direct fast heliotrope BL pdr
Diamine fast scarlet 2G
Diazo brilliant orange OR
Developed brilliant orange GR
Diazo brilliant orange GR
Diazo brilliant scarlet BQ
Diazo brilliant scarlet ROA
Brilliant benz) violet B
Brilliant benzo violet B
Diamine brilliant violet 2R
Diamine fast violet FFBN
Benzo fast scarlet 8BS_
Benzo fast orange S
Benzo fast orange WS..
Benzo fast scarlet 8BS
Benzo fast scarlet 4BS
Azo alizarin Bordeaux W
Cotton yellow G
Cotton yellow G extra
Cotton yellow GX extra
Chlorantine fast yellow 4GL...
Fast cotton rubine B
Brilliant carmine L cone
Pyramine orange 3G
Ignamine orange 3G. .
Pyramine orange 2R
Ignamine orange 2R .
Developing black OT
Congo rubine BG
Congo orange G...
Chloramine red
Chloramine red B
Chloramine red 3B
Diamine scarlet SB
Chlorantine fast gray B
Chlorantine fast gray B
Diphenyl fast gray BC
Diamine orange B
Universal dark brown C
Oxamine red 3BX
Minaxo red 3BX
Polar red.
Polar red G cone
Polar red R cone
Polar red RS cone
Chloramine brilliant red 8B cone
Acetopurpurine 8B pdr
Chloramine brilliant red 8B cone.
Chloramine red 8BS
Toluylene red pdr. _
Pyramine orange R
Ignamine orange R
Chromocitronine R-
Chrome fast yellow RD.
C hromodtronine R
Cotton red 4B
Cotton red 4BX
Cotton red 4BXA....
Universal scarlet C
Diazo brilliant black B
Deltapurpurine 5B
Congo orange R
Congo orange R..
Diamine orange F
lO.
lO.
C.
c:
s...
IG.
By....
BDC.
BDC.
By..-.
IG....
By.
IG.
IG.
IG.
By.
C.
IG.
IG..
IG..
IG..
By.-
DH.
IG.
IG.
I...
IG.
IG.
IG.
lO.
IG.
IG.
IG.
S..
S..
IG.
I...
G..
IG.
IG.
IQ-
A...
S...
By..
AG.
IG.
IG--
DH.
IG.
IG-
IG-
IG.
Q--
IG.
IG-
Pounds
77
24, 626
1,740
2,992
200
4,913
5,002
2,450
954
55
600
8,233
600
1,600
900
200
100
100
25
29, 523
7,826
5,761
50
300
19, 843
1,800
"3,'386
1,722
3, 441
545
6,260
94 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 34. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1927 — Continued
Col-
our
Index
No.
Name of dye
Manu-
facturer
Imports
Quantity
Invoice
value
487
Acid milling red R
Pounds
7,558
$4, 822
Acid anthracene red 3B.
IG
Acid iiiilling red R cone
G
Brilliant milling red R--
IG .
Wool fast red 3B
IG- .
488
Diamine vellow N pdr
IG
300
800
508
Oxamine blue4BX
Minaxo blue 4BX.
IG
516
Chicago blue B
3,828
BlueNBB
IG..
Chicago blue B
IG
518
Diamine skv blue FF
IG...
I
300
270
600
500
21,022
16,002
150
4,102
1,500
50
100
300
300
930
532
Diazo fast green BL
638
Oxydiamine black N
IG
IG
S
544
Diamine jet black SS
561
Trisulfon brown B cone
577
Trisulfon brown GG cone
S
578
Universal dark blue C.
IG
G -
590
Pol yphenyl blue GC
591
Chloramine blue HW
S_
IG
IG.
Bv
IG
593
Universal dark green C
594
Diamine dark green N
595
Diazo olive G
696
Benzo chrome brown O ...
597
Benzo chrome brown R
Benzo chrome brown R
IG
Cupranil brown R
I
598
Diphenvl brown GS .
G
1,102
200
175
2,205
2,204
165
621
Chloramine orange G ...
IG
IG...
G
622
Stilbene vellow 3GX
628
Diphenvl catechine G supra
629
Diphenvl fast brown GF
G
632
Diphenyl fast vellow
Diphenvl fast vellow GL supra ._
G.__
Diphenvl fast vellow RL supra
G
636
Fast light vellow
5,453
Fast light vellow 2G
IG.
Fast light vellow 3G ..
IG.
639
Xylene light vellow 2G
S
8,090
1,102
6,061
1,000
2,220
642
Polar yellow 5G. •
G. . .
646
Kiton fast vellow 3G
I
649
Triazogene orange R pdr
IG
652
Eriochrome red B
Eriochrome red B
O.
Omega chrome red B cone
S
653
Pyrazol orange
11,200
-Pj'razol orange G cone.
s
Pyrazol orange R cone
s
654
Diazo fast yellow 2G..
By
500
6,978
658
Setoglaucine
11,042
Basic blue OG
By
Rhoduline blue 6G
IG
Setoglaucine cone .. . . ..
G ..
661
Turquoise blue G
IG
286
2,420
663
Setocyanine
3,640
Brilliant silk blue B
I
Setocyanine .. . . .
G.
Setopaline cone
Q
664
Aeronol brilliant blue.
BDC
180
16,111
667
Neptune green SGX
15, 742
Benzyl green B
I.
Brilliant milling green B cone _
C
Erio\ iridine B supra . ....
o
Neptune green SOX pdr
B.
Poseidon green SGX
IG...
670
Light green SF yellowish. .
2,294
M
Light green SF yellowish XX
IG.
671
Erioglaucine .
57,084
62, 831
Erioglducine AP__.
O
Erioglaucine EP
G
Erioglaucine supra cone
G..
Erioglaucine X high cone
G
Kiton blue L
I
672
Xylene blue VS cone
S
2,998
6,199
11,500
673
Xylene blue AS cone
s
IG
676
Para rosaniline base
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION 95
Table 34. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1927 — Continued
Col-
Name of dye
Manu-
facturer
Imports
Index
No.
Quantity
Invoice
value
677
Magenta ....
Pounds
11,190
IG
Magenta A B pdr. .-_
IG
680
Methyl violet -.
11,251
$9, 193
Methyl violet NFB -.-
IG.... .
Methyl violet 300 XE extra cone
St D
Violet for ink pencils --
IG.
681
Crystal violet
6,650
IG
Crystal violet P . . -
By
IG
IG
8,165"
1,700
19, 769
682
Ethyl violet .- -
690
Victoria blue 4R high cone .-
691
Fast green
30,655
Fast green extra bluish . .
By . . ..
IG .
IG
""m
----
220
4,408
320
50
6,120
692
Acid magenta II - .
BDC
IG
I
I
G
IG
IG
Magenta S __ -.
696
Kiton fast violet lOB-
698
Benzyl violet 5BN
699
Eriocyanine AC
700
Alkali violet A extra cone -
702
704
Alkali blue
8,089
Alkali blue 2B cone
IG
IG
I-.
Alkali blue No. 4 -
Alkali blue R...
Alkah blue 3R
IG
706
AI ethyl Lyons blue
G
9,259
6,400
707
Soluble blue
11,255
Ink blue BITN.
IG ...
Ink blue BITBN
IG
IG
IG
By
IG
IG
IG.._
IG
::::::::::::
13," 765"
Silk blue BS/IC
Soluble blue, green shade I . .
Soluble blue, I old
Soluble blue 5R cone
Soluble blue T.
Water blue .. - ... i .
710
Brilliant skv blue 5G
22,003
Brilliant sky blue 5G
IG
IG
Brilliant sky blue 8G extra
Direct brilliant blue 8B.. ...
I :""::::::::
712
Patent blue V
17, 210
10, 823
Acid blue V
Patent blue V
w. !--::::;::
IG. . !
Poseidon blue BGX eonc
IG
713
Cvanine B
IG
200
33, 037
714
Patent blue A
23, 583
Q - -
Brilliant acid blue A
IG !.
Carmine blue A
M .!
I .i
Patent blue A ..
IG t
Poseidon blue B \ cone
IG 1 .
Poseidon blue BR cone
IG .
Poseidon blue BR extra ... . .
IG
Poseidon blue BXX
IG 1
715
Cyanol
14, 782
17,852
IG
Blue FF
IG
Cyanol extra
c
Cyanol FF..
IG.-
Xylene cyanol FF extra pdr
s
717
Acid violet 6BNOO .
IG
DH
1,410
660
19, 898
718
720
Eriochrome azurol BC
22, 879
Brilliant blue G
By
IG
Eriochrome azurol BC
G
721
Chromal blue GC
G
662
4,409
6,061
392
722
Eriochrome cvanine RC
Q
723
Chrome azurol S cone
G
724
Aurine
Lo
96 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 34. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1927 — Continued
Col-
Name of dye
Manu-
facturer
Imports
Index
No.
Quantity
Invoice
value
727
Chrome violet
Pounds
825
Chrome violet
G. .
Chrome violet CG
DH.
728
New Victoria blue B.
IG
100
19,858
729
Victoria bkie B
$42, 255
Basic pure blue BO pdr
Victoria blue B high cone.
B
IG
Victoria pure blue BO pdr
IG
731
Night blue
160
Night blue
I.
Night bUie
IG
733
Intensive blue B
1,217
Fast acid blue B
By
Intensive blue B
IQ
735
Naphthalene green . . ..
17, 137
14,783
Alkali fast green 3G
IG
Erio green B supra
G
Kiton fast green V.
I
CN
M.
IG
S...
IG
206"
1,152
Naphthalene green NV...
Naphthalene green V.
Poseidon green VQGX
736
Wool blue G extra
737
Wool green S
I
Wool green S cone - ....
I.
743
Rhodamine S
IG
IG
450
900
102, 945
748
Sulfo rhodamine B extra
749
Rhodamine B (single strength)
37,279
G
Rhodamine B extra
I.
]
Rhodamine B extra
IG.
1
Rhodamine B extra..
Q
1
7.50
Rhodamine G (single strength)
3,300
Basic pinli G_.
Q
Rhodamine G
I
::
752
Rhodamine 6G (single strength)
1,655
G..
Rhodamine 6G extra
IG
753
IG
G
50
45
55
801
756
Fast acid eosine G .
757
G
758
Erio fast fuchsine BL..
849
G
Fast acid violet R
IG
Guinea rubine 4R_
IG
762
Chromorhodine B
2,422
Chromorhodine BN
DH
Chromorhodine BR
DH 1 L-
768
IG
120
292
773
Erythrosine
Erythrosine ..
Q
Ervthrosine extra
IG
786
Auracine G
405
Auracine G
G
Auracine G .. ..
IG...
787
Coriphosphine OX extra . .. ..
By
900
2,932
788
Rhoduline orange NO
4,783
Brilliant acridine orange A
DH.
Euchrysine 3RX pdr
B
G
Phosphine orange .. .. .. .
Rhoduline orange NO
Patent I'hosphine.
IG
789
4,498
6,421
Brilliant phosphine 5G
Patent phosphine G
Patent phosphine R...
Phosphine
I
I
I
I.
S
793
17, 625
20, 187
Leather yellow GC.
Phosphine O
Phosphine 3R
IG
G
IG
IG
795
5,300
Runic, AL cone
Euchrvsine
IQ
797
20, 100
Patent phosphine GRNTN
Patent phosphine RRDX
IG
IG 1
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION 97
Table 34. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1927 — Continued
Col-
Xame of dye
I
Manu-
facturer
Imports
Index
No.
Quantity
Invoice
value
800
Quinoline yellow (spirit soluble)
Quinoline vellow extra
S._.
Pounds
310
3,710
801
$2, 913
Quinoline yellow
Quinoline yellow cone
Quinoline yellow extra
Quinoline yellow KT extra cone.
Mimosa Z cone
Chloramine yellow .. ..
J
g
.... IG
802
.... IG
.... G
200
551
400
813
814
Chloramine fast yellow B
Chloramine yellow FF.
Thioflavine T
.... IQ
.... IG
815
7,485
12,480
Basic vellow T
Basic yellow TCN
Rhoduline yellow 6G...
Tannoflavine T
Azocarmine GX
Eosinduline 2B bluish
Wool fast blue .
.... IG
IG
....! IG
....i S
828
.... IG
.... K
2,500
726
22,041
829
833
32,633
-\cid blue AM pdr
.\cid blue BL pdr
Acid fast blue GL pdr
Benzyl fast blue GL
Wool fast blue BL ,
Wool fast blue GL
Wool fast violet B
Xylene milling blue .^E
Xylene milling blue BL cone
Xylene milling blue GL cone
Xylene milling violet B cone.
Methj-lene violet 3RA extra..
Methvlene heliotrope.
.... By
.... By
By
, I
.... IG...
....1 IG
....; IG
S
, s
J s
1 s. .
842
--! i«
1,250
520
845
Methylene heliotrope extra strong
Rosolane extra strong
Iris violet extra.
Diphene blue
....! IQ
....; IG...
847
-...1 IG
1
25
7,100
851
Diphene blue B
Diphene blue R
Acid cyanine BF
....i IG
....! IG
853
861
...., IG........
500
200
2,"46o"
865
Induline NX..
Solid blue S
Nigrosine (water soluble) ...
....1 IG
.-..j IG.
Nigrosine T
Silver gray P
Direct grav R
... IG
IG
873
2,112
Direct gray R paste
Malta gray J
Methylene gray
Methylene gray..
New fast gray
Ursol.
.... O
StD
....: G
.... IG
--i I«
7,407
1,873
422
9,675
875
8,920
Fur black DF, DG
Fur blue black A, SB
Fur brown, P, XZ, XZD. 4R, 2R, SK, SO, SP
Fur grav G, ALA, B, AL
Fur ohve DA, 3G._
Fur dye SC
Fur gray brown SL.\...
Furred brown 6R
Fur yellow brown 2GA, .\...
Furrol gray G
Fuscamine G.
Fouramine A
Nako 3GA, B, D, DFN, DG, DR, DMG, PS
Nako ER, 3GN, 4G, P, R, RHG, 3R, 3RSC.
Nako black C, DD
Nako red
Brilliant delphine blue B
Chromazurine
IG
IG
IG
IG
IG
.... IG
.... IG
IG
.-.| IG
..... IG
.... IG
.... StD
IG..
IG
IG..
V.V.-'.'.'.
IG
878
S... _.
3,000
3,744
879
8, .554
Chromazurine E
Chromazurine G
Chromazurine G
Chromacetine blue S . .
DH
DH
I
884
5,711
13, 228
.\nthracyanine S_.
Chromacetine blue S...
Gallo navy blue S pdr
Modem cyanine N
Modern cVanine V..
DH
DH
IG
_.
DH
DH
98 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 34. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1927 — Continued
Col-
Name of dye
Manu-
facturer
Imports
Index
No.
Quantity
^Invoice
value
888
Chromoeyanine
Pounds
547
i
$366
Chromocyanine B paste
DH
Chromocvanine BC paste
DH
Chromocyanine V paste . . .
DH
1
892
Modern violet --
5,618
|.
Blue 1000 TCD
DH
1 ,
Modern violet _ ■...
DH
1
894
Gallamine blue extra paste.
Fast green G.. _ _
Modern azurine 50
Phenocvanine
G
29, 132
200
110
435
898
899
IG
DH
902
Phenocyanine R
Phenocyanine VS
Phenocvanine TV ._
Gallazine No. SO.
riourescent blue ..
DH
DH
•
904
DH
DH
S - ..
11
1,874
21
1,220
905
908
909
Meidola's blue__.
Meldola's blue 3R cone
New blue RS
S
I
913
Nile blue
3,250
Danubia blue BX .. ..
IG
922
Methylene blue
626
1,082
Meth vlenc blue «.
Q
Methvlene blue B cone
IG
Methvlene blue BGF high, cone
IG
Methvlene blue NS cone.-. -
S
924
Methvlene green Q extra
I
1,440
20
2, 508
925
Toluidine blue
IG-,.
926
Thionine blue,,- ,,
2,982
927
931
Basic blue GO
M.
Thionine blue G _
I
Thionine blue GC
IG
Thionine blue GO _
IG
New methylene blue
13, 249
New methvlene blue N
IG.
.\ew methylene blue NS cone
S
Indochromine RR cone
S
500
8,335
969
Hvdron blue R (single strength) . ..
Hydrou blue R paste . . .
IG .
Hvdron blue R pdr,.
IG.
971
Hydron blue Ci (single strength),
666
Hvdron blue G pdr...
IG
1006
Pvrogene green 3G
4,011
Pyrogene green 3G
I . . .
Thional brilliant green GG cone
S
1019
Alizarin black S paste
6,041
Alizarin black S paste
IG
Aliz:.rin black SP paste
IG
1027
89, 210
13. 524
Alizarin paste bluish
I
Aliztirin reil i)aste
Alizarin red IB extra paste
G
By
1032
1033
1034
Alizarin red VI extra pure paste
IG .
Alizarin red VI old paste.
IG
Alizarin claret R paste
IG
1,000
16, 662
.Mizarin orange
8,828
Alizarin orange A
IG
Alizarin orange AO
BDC...
.\lizarin orange SW
lO
Alizarin red S
14,463
11, .548
Alizarin carmine
BAC
Alizarin red IWS.
M
.\lizariu red S
Q
Alizarin red SW
I
Alizarin red SWB
IG
Alizarin red SZ
S
1035
Anthracene brown,
1,456
Alizarin brown II D paste
IG
IG
IG
IG
IG.
700
1 1,200
10,000
2,210
8,363
Anthracene briiw n R pdr
Anthracene brown SW pdr
1037
Purpurine
1039
1040
.\lizarin red XOD paste
Alizarin red SX
Alizarin red SX nflste, , _ _
IG.
Alizarin red \VR paste
IG
1045 Alizarin Bordeaux BP paste . .
By .
798
1051 ' Alizarin eyanine GO pdr
By
507
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION 99
Table 34. — Imports of dycii, calendar year 1927 — Continued
Col-
our
Index
No.
Name of dye
Manu-
facturer
1053 Alizarin light blue SE
Alizarin light blue SE
Alizarin sapphire blue SE
1054 Alizarin light blue B
Alizarin light blue B
Alizarin saphirol B
1056 .\lizarin emeraldole G
1058 Alizarin uranol BB pdr
1060 Anthracene blue SWCxG
Anthracene blue SWG pdr
I Anthracene blue SWGG pdr
1063 I Anthracene blue SWR pdr
1064 Alizarin ovclamine R paste -
1067 Alizarin blue S.
Alizarin blue S
Ahzarin blue SW
1071 Alizarin green S
Alizarin green S paste.. -.-
Alizarin green S paste...
1073 Alizarin irisol R
Alizarin blue JR pdr
Alizarin direct violet ER pdr.
.Alizarin irisol R pdr
Alizarin light violet RS cone
1075 Alizarin astrol B
Alizarin astrol B pdr
Alizarin blue AS pdr.
1076 Alizarin light blue R
Alizarin direct blue RXO pdr
Alizarin light blue LR cone
Alizarin light blue R cone _.
Lauasol blue R
1077 AUzarin direct blue BGAOO
1078 Alizarin cyanine green
Alizarin cyanme green G extra pdr.
Alizarin cyanine green 3G extra pdr
Anthraquinone violet
Anthraquinone violet pdr ._
Special \iolet B
1081 .\nthraquinone green GXNO
1082 Anthraquinone blue green BXO
1083 Brilliant alizarin viridine F paste
1084 1 Alizarin viridine (single strength)
! Alizarin viridine FF paste
.\lizarin vii'idine FF paste-
I Alizarin viridine FF pdr
1085 Alizarin blue black
Alizarin blue black B pdr .■
Alizarin light gray BS conc- _
Chrome blue black B_
1087 : Alizarin direct blue B
1088 .\lizarin pure blue B
Alizarin blue SKY pdr
Alizarin skv blue B pdr...
Wool fast blue BR..
;0H9 Anthraquinone blue SR extra pdr
loyi Alizarin rubinol
Alizarin direct red 3G
Alizarin rubiue R.
Alizarin rubinol GW.._
i .\lizarin rubinol 5G
Authra rubine B
1092 Alizarin ge ran ol B pdr
1095 Anthraflavone GC (single strength)
Anthra yellow GC paste
Anthra yellow GC paste fine
Anthra yellow GC dbl. paste
Anthra yellow GC pdr
Vat yellow OC paste
Vat yellow GC dbi. paste
Anthra yellow GCN pdr.i
1096 Indanthrene golden orange G (single strength).
"^'at golden orange G dbl. paste
\at golden orange G pdr
S...
IG.
IG.
By.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
Q--
BDC.
IG...
By.
IG.
IG.
By.
By.
IG.
S..
S..
I...
IG.
By
IG.
B._.
IC...
IG._
IG._
DH.
DH.
IG..
IG..
IG.
S..
I...
IG.
By.
IG.
I...
IG.
M..
By.
By.
IG-
K..
IG.
IG.
IG.
B..
IG.
B..
B-.
IG-
IG.
IG.
Imports
Quantity
Pounds
1,720
31, 056
10
420
4,493
4,500
20,399
8, 359
5,277
4,470
5,525
1,589
2,440
931
126
55
31,188
11,078
620
13,198
600
2,844
3,963
73, 773
400
13,402
Invoice
value
3,140 {
1,"882 $i4,'i68
14,679
14,561
9,637
36, 556
6,974
73, 536
Xot reduced.
100 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 34. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1927 — Continued
Col-
our
Index
No.
1099
1103
1104
1106
1108
1115
1116
1120
1123
1128
1129
1132
1133
Name of dye
Indanthrene dark blue BO (single strength)
Vat dark blue BO paste
Vat dark blue BOA paste -
Vat dark blue BOA paste fine -
Vat dark blue BOA pdr
Indanthrene black (single strength).
Caledon black BB dbl. paste ---
Cibanone black BB pdr
Vat black BB dbl. paste
Vat black BB dbl. paste fine
Vat black BB pdr...
Vat black BOA paste
Vat black BOA dbl. paste
Indanthrene violet R (single strength)
Vat violet R e.\tra pdr
Indanthrene brilliant violet RR (single strength).
Vat brilliant violet RR paste fine
Vat brilliant violet RR pdr
Vat brilliant violet RRP dbl. pdr.
Vat violet RR extra dbl. paste...
Indanthrene violet B
Vat violet B paste fine..
Indanthrene blue RS (single strength)
Vat blue RS quintuple pdr
Vat blue RSP dbl. paste fine
Vat blue RSP triple pdr
Vat blue RSN pdr
Indanthrene blue RK
Vat blue RK paste
Indanthrene blue 3G (single strength)...
Vat blue SO paste...
Vat blue 3G dbl. paste
Vat blue 3G pdr
Indanthrene blue GGSZ (single strength)
Vat blue GGSZ dbl. paste
Indanthrene blue SG (single strength)
Vat blue 50 pdr
Indanthrene blue GCD (single strength)
Cibanone blue GCD dbl. paste
Indanthrene blue GCD dbl. paste
Vat blue GCD dbl. paste fine
Vat blue GCDN pdr
Indanthrene blue BCD (single strength)
Vat blue BCD paste fine
Vat blue BCS pdr
Vat blue BCSO pdr
Cibanone blue G (single strength)
Cibanone blue G paste
Cibanone blue G pdr
Indanthrene green BB (single strength)
Vat green BB pdr
Indanthrene yellow Ci (single strength)
Sandothrene yellow NG dbl. paste
Vat yellow G dbl. paste
Vat yellow G dbl. paste fine
Vat yellow G pdr..
Indanthrene brown B _
Anthra brown B paste
Anthra gray B pdr. (single strength)
Algol pink R (single strength)
Algol pink R paste
Algol pink R pdr
Algol scarlet G pdr. (single strength)
Indanthrene yellow GK (single strength)
Vat yellow GK pdr
Algol red KF, R (single strength)
Algol brilliant red 2B pdr
Algol red FK extra paste
Algol red FF extra pdr
.'Vlgol red R extra pdr
Vat red FF paste
Vat red R extra pdr.
Manu-
facturer
IG.
B..
IG.
lO.
SD.
I...
IG.
IG.
IG-
IG.
IG-
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
B..
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
B..
IG.
IG.
IG.
I...
B..
IG.
IG.
IG.
S
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
By.
By.
IG.
IG.
By.
By.
Imports
Quantity ' I^Zf
value
Pounds
2 24,138
.$13,774
3 23, 887
8,653
80
10, 701
100
"9,"350'
5,340
3,800
800
6,671
2,562
3,200
""i,"206"
"82,"268"
28,254
13, 070
15, 978
14, 797
"45,142'
5.663
2,769
400
4,200
30, 677
80
6,560
19, 194
7,601
' Includes 15,873 pounds 15 per cent paste, 420 pounds 20 per cent paste, and 7,845 pounds 25 per cent paste.
3 Includes 14,875 pounds 10 per cent paste, 5,556 pounds 14 per cent paste, and 3,456 pounds of ll-z per
cent paste.
< Includes 9,947 pounds 10% paste and 3,i20 pounds 12J'2% paste.
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION
Table 34. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1927 — Continued
101
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1149
1150
1151
1152
1155
1161
1162
1163
1169
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
Vat violet SB pdr. (single strength)
Indanthrene brilliant violet RK (single strength)
Vat brilliant violet RK paste
Vat brilliant violet RE pdr-.. .- -
Indanthrene orange RRK (single strength)
Vat orange RRK paste
Vat orange RRK pdr
Grelanone orange R paste
Helindone yellow 3GN (single strength)
Helindone yellow 3GN pdr..
Algol yellow 3G (single strength)
Algol yellow 3G pdr
Indanthrene red R (single strength)
Anthra red RT pdr
Anthra Bordeaux R (single strength)
Anthra Bordeaux R paste -
Anthra claret R pdr
Indanthrene corinth RK(single strength)
Vat corinth RK pdr
Indanthrene gray K -
Vat gray GK paste - -.
Vat gray K paste
Indanthrene Bordeaux B (single strength)
Anthra Bordeaux B pdr
Indanthrene brown GR (single strength)
Vat brown GR pdr
Vat brown IGR paste -.
Indanthrene olive R (single strength)
Grelanone olive B paste
Grelanone olive B pdr
Vat olive B paste..
Vat olive B pdr
Vat olive R paste
Vat olive R pdr.
Indanthrene brown R (single strength)
Grelanone brown RR paste ,
Grelanone brown RR pdr..
Vat brown BR paste
Vat brown BR pdr
Vat brown R paste
Vat brown R pdr
Indanthrene brown G (single strength)
I Vat brown B paste
Vat brown G paste
Vat brown G pdr_
Algol red B (single strength)
Algol red B paste
Algol red B pdr
Indanthrene red violet (single strength)
Vat red violet RRK paste fine
Vat red violet RRN new paste
Vat red violet RRN new pdr
Indanthrene red RK (single strength)
Vat red RK paste
Vat red RK paste fine
Vat red RK pdr
Vat red RKP pdr
Indanthrene violet BN (single strength)
Vat violet BN paste
Vat violet BN paste fine
Vat violet BN pdr
Cibanone orange R (single strength)
Cibanone orange R paste
Cibanone orange R pdr
Cibanone brown B (single strength)
Cibanone brown B pdr
Cibanone black B (single strength)
Cibanone black B paste new
Cibanone black B pdr
Cibanone black 2G paste.
Indanthrene blue green (single strength)
Cibanone blue 3G paste
Vat blue green B dbl paste
Vat bluish green B dbl paste
Cibanone green B (single strength)
Cibanone green B pdr
Cibanone olive B (single strength)
Cibanone olive B pdr
« Includes 12,078 pounds 12>^ per cent paste and 6,604 pounds 10 per
IG..
IG...
GrE.
IG.
By".
B-V.
B..
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
GrE.
GrE.
GrE.
GrE.
IG...
IG...
GrE.
GrE.
IG..
IG-.
IG._
IG..
GrE.
IG..
By-.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
B..
B..
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
I...
IG.
IG.
3,988
798
750
880
"i,"848'
"4,'636
40O
"966'
400
"305'
61, 463
I
cent paste.
81,096
34,094
1,769
23, 452
13, 678
15,206
500
"5,"944'
18,682
2,200
'2.266"
$36, 733
71,916
23, 060
1,493
17, 013
25, 129
2,427
"i7,'970
102
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 34. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1927 — Continued
Name of dye
Indigosol
Indigo white paste _ --
Indigosol O
Indigosol O
Indigosol O -_ - -
Indigo pure RB paste
Brilliant indigo BASF/4B (single strength).
Brilliant indigo 4B paste fine—
Brilliant indigo 4B pdr
Brilliant indigo 4BC paste.
Brilliant indigo blue 3BW cone
Brilliant indigo blue 3BW cone. G
Indigo MLB/6B (single strength)
Indigo MLB/6B pdr
Ciba brown R (single strength)
Ciba brown R pdr
Brilliant indigo BASF/2B paste
Brilliant indigo BASF/4G paste fine
Brilliant indigo BASF/B (single strength)..
Brilliant indigo BASF/B paste
Brilliant indigo BASF/B paste fine
Brilliant indigo BASF/B pdr
Ciba yellow G paste
Helindone green G (single strength)
Helindone green G pdr
Alizarin indigo 3R paste .--
Alizarin indigo G pastc_
Anthra red B._
Anthra red B paste fine
Ciba pink B paste -
Helindone red B (single strength)
Helindone red B pdr
Helindone pink (single strength)
Helindone pink AN paste
Helindone pink AN pdr
Helindone pink BN paste
Helindone pink BN pdr
Vat red violet RH (single strength)
Ciba red 3B paste
Ciba red 3B pdr
Thioindigo red 3B paste
Thioindigo red 3B pdr
Vat red violet RH paste
Vat red violet RH pdr
Indanthrene gray OB (single strength)
Vat gray nB pdr..
Helindone orange R (single strength)
Anthra orange R pdr
Anthra orange RH paste fine
Anthra orange RH dbl. paste fine
Helindone orange R paste
Hydron orange RF paste
Thioindigo orange R pdr..
Helindone fast scarlet R (single strength) «.
Vat scarlet R paste
Vat scarlet R pdr
Vat violet 2B
Helindone violet R paste
Vat violet 2B paste
Ciba violet B (single strength)
Ciba violet B pdr...
Ciba red O (single strength)
Ciba red G pdr
Helindone brown G (single strength)
Helindone brown G paste
Helindone brown G pdr
Vat brown G pdr
Anthra scarlet 2c} (single strength)..
Anthra scarlet 2G paste...
Anthra scarlet 2G paste fine
Anthra scarlet 2G pdr
Ciba scarlet G extra paste
Ciba scarlet G extra pdr
Helindone fast scarlet C paste
Thioindigo scarlet 2G paste
Ciba red R paste
Ciba orange G paste
Indigo, natural _
Manu-
facturer
B...
DH.
By„
IG-.
IG..
IG.
lO.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
I...
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
I...
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
I...
IG..
IG.
lO.
IG.
IG.
I...
I...
K..
K..
IG-
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
K..
IG.
IG.
lO.
IG.
M.
B..
IG.
B..
I...
I...
IG.
IG.
I...
I...
Imports
Quantity
Pounds
847
100
6,271
10,000
6,629
6,027
46,863
1,762
500
399
3,577
10, 626
250
'is," 130'
62,988
510
'32,"740'
5,425
1,079
16, 530
4,410
6,390
20,315
6,942
4,300
4,000
50,262
551
6,057
Invoice
value
25, 472
'' 18 per cent paste.
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION
UNIDENTIFIED ACID DYES
103
Name of dye
Acid black 2R
Acid brown RN
Acid leather brown
Acid leather brown EGB..
Acid leather brown ER
Acid milling yellow G cone
Acid pure blue R supra
Acid rhodauiine BG
Acid violet --
Acid violet 6B cone .-.
Acid violet 8B
Acid violet C lOB
Acid violet R extra
Acid violet 3R
Alizarin brilliant sky blue R...
Alizarin direct blue
Alizarin direct blue A 2G._
Alizarin direct blue RBX..
Alizarin direct violet E 2F
Alizarin supra blue
Alizarin supra blue R
Alizarin supra blue SES...
Alkali fast green
Alkali fast green 2BF
Alkali fast green lOG
Alkali violet lOB
Alphanol brown B
Amido black green B
Amido fast red 2G
Azo fast Mue BD
Azo fast blue BD
Azo fast blue BD cone
Benzyl fast blue 3GL
Brilliant acid blue FF__
Brilliant benzyl violet 3B
Brilliant indocyanine 6B
Brilliant milling blue
Brilliant milling blue B
Brilliant milling blue B
Brilliant milling blue FO..
Brilliant wool blue..- -.
Brilliant wool blue B
Brilliant wool blue FFB..,
Brilliant wool blue FFR..
Cashmire black TN
Chestnut brown. _
Cloth fast brown 5R
Cloth fast orange.
Cloth fast orange G
Cloth fast orange R -.
Cloth fast red 3B..
Cloth fast violet R.
Cloth fast yellow G
Discharge blue B
Erio fast brown R
Fast acid green BB extra..
Fast acid marine blue HBBX.
Fast acid pink B
Fast jasmine G cone
Fast light red
Fast light red G
Fast light red R
Fluorescent violet B cone
Gloria black B
Guinea brown R
Guinea fast green B
Guinea fast red
Guinea fast red BL
Guinea fast red 2BL
Guinea light blue A
Indigo carmine blue FF
Indocyanine
Indocyanine B
Indocyanine FF
Ink fast black A extra
Imports
Manufac-
turer
IG.
G..
IG.
IG.
S...
G..
IG.
DH.
IG..
IG..
IG..
IG..
IG..
IG,
lO'
IG.
IG.
IG.
By.
IG.
By.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
I...
IG.
I...
IG.
C.
IG.
IG.
IG...
IG...
IG...
IG...
BDC.
I
I...
I...
I...
I...
I...
IG.
G..
IG.
IG.
IG.
G..
By.
By.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG..
AG.
AG.
IG..
IG.
IG.
IG.
Quantity
Pounds
13, 923
770
100
4,000
7, 825
2,000
648
100
350
50
2,067
2,492
55
100
100
400
350
330
2,567
110
100
20, 506
29, 073
1,000
120
2,093
1,982
4,408
110
3,800
100
110
300
212
125
1,377
52
15
250
25
2,300
1,000
500
100
13, 574
100
Invoice
value
$942
15, 495
"26,'443
7709—28-
104 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
UNIDENTIFIED ACID DYES— Continued
Manufac-
turer
Imports
Name of dye
Quantity
Invoice
value
Kiton fast red .. .. ....
Pounds
3,306
Kiton fast red 4BL
I..
Kiton fast red R
I
Lanasol orange 2R
I
993
220
1,400
200
2,600
2,228
Lanasol violet R
I..
Metanil red 3B extra
IG.
IG
IG.
Milling brown R
Milling orange G..
Milling red
$2, 020
Milling red 4BA
IG.. .
Milling red 6BA
IG.
Milling red NJ
CN
Milling red T
Q
Milling violet B, R
Q
52
4,275
Milling vellow
3,288
Milling yellow QA
A..
Milling yellow 3Q
IQ
Milling yellow H30
IG
Milling yellow
IG
Minaxo (Oxamine) acid brown G...
IG
400
1,200
330
Naphthol black BGN cone
Neolan black 2Q
Neolan blue_
10, 139
Neolan blue 2G
Neolan blue 2R.
I
Neolan Bordeaux R
I
429
2,755
991
Neolan green LBN cone
Neolan orange
Neolan orange G.
Neolan orange R
Neolan pink B
551
110
440
Neolan red R
Neolan violet R I I
220
Neolan violet brown B | I
881
Neolan yellow R I
771
Novazol acid blue
385
Novazol acid blue BL
G
Novazol acid blue GL
G
Novazol blue B
G
10, 470
3,306
2,250
Novazol violet B . .
G
Onis (.\nthosine)
3,740
OnisB
IG
Onis3B
IG
Onis 5B
IG
Patent black N . .
IG
IG
100
500
2,050
Pilatus (Palatine) black SF
Pilatus fast blue
2,077
IG
Pilatus fast blue BR
IG.
Pilatus fast blue OG
IG.
Pilatus fast brown BRRNO ...
IG
IQ...
IQ
50
100
2,400
125
Pilatus fast claret RNX...
Pilatus fast green BLconc- .. ..
Pilatus fast orange..
Pilatus fast orange GN
IG
IG.
Pilatus fast pink . . .
450
Pilatus fast pink B
IG
Pilatus fast pink G
IG
IQ
325
350
Pilatus fast yellow.
IQ
Pilatus fast vellow GR
IG
Polar brilliant red B cone
Q
1,047
1,543
12,236
1,543
Polar gray
G
Polar orange R cone
Q
Polarred. ... . ...
Polar red B cone.
G
Polar red 3B cone
Q
Polar vellow
4,463
Polar yellow 2G cone...
G
Polar yellow R cone
G
Pure wool blue J extra ....
DH
IG
IG
IG
M
110
100
900
2,950
358
Selan printing brown3R
Silk yellow R
Sulfo rhodamine u
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION
UNIDENTIFIED ACID DYES— Continued
105
Name of dye
Manufac-
turer
Imports
Quantity
IG.
lO.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
?ulfon orange G IG.
Sulfon yellow..
Sulfon yellow 5G
Sulfon yeUow R.
Supramine black BR
Supramine blue
Supramine blue FB ..I IG
Supramine blue R IG
Supramine Bordeaux B IG.
Supramine brown
Supramine brown G
Supramine brown R
Supramine red.
Supramine red B
Supramine red 3B
Supramine red R..
Supramine violet B
Supramine yellow
Supramine yellow G
Supramine yellow 3G
Supramine yellow R
Wool black
Wool black GRF..._
AVool black N
Wool blue
Wool blue 5B
Wool blue R extra
Wool fast brown 3R paste
Wool fast orange G
Wool fast yellow
Wool fast yellow 5G
Wool fast yellow R
Xylene brilliant blue FFRX cone.
Xylene fast blue FF cone
Xylene milling orange R cone
Xylene milling red B cone
.\11 other acid dyes
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
By.
lO-
By.
By.
S...
S...
s...
S...
Q--
Pounds
3,550
2,700
2,300
2,100
1,600
3,200
7,480
50
2,489
5,050
1,100
100
956
1,630
4,795
9,118
3,000
1,500
10
UNIDENTIFIED V.\T DYES
.\lgol blue 3RP pdr . . ...
IG
IG
788
6,000
27, 860
Vat printing brown R paste
IG
Anthra pink B extra paste
IG
20,500
8,700
.\ntlira scarlet B (single strength) .. . .. ...
IG
Anthra scarlet B pdr
IG
Ciba brown . .
4,103
Ciba brown G paste.
Ciba brown 2R paste
Ciba pink BG (single strength)
17, 082
Ciba pink BG pdr...
Ciba violet
198
Ciba violet BL .
Ciba violet RL
Cibanone Bordeaux B (single strength) _..
991
Cibanone Bordeaux B paste
Cibanone brown ^single strength)
1,210
Cibanone brown B2R paste
Cibanone deep blue BO Ddr
110
Cibanone golden orange O
110
660
110
3,960
Cibanone green GC pdr
Cibanone orange OR (single strength)
Cibanone orange 6R pdr.
Cibanone red (single strength).
6,825
$7, 202
Cibanone red 4B paste...
Cibanone red 4B pdr
Cibanone red O pdr..
106 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
UNIDENTIFIED VAT DYES— Continued
Name of dye
Manufac-
turer
Imports
Quantity
GrE.
GrE.
IG.,
Eridan brilliant scarlet B (single strength)
Eridan brilliant scarlet B paste
Eridan brilliant scarlet B pdr_-.
Grelanone red 2B (single strength --
Grelanone red 2B paste
Grelanone red 2B pdr
Grelanone red 3BR (single strength)
Grelanone red 3BR paste...
Grelanone red 3BR pdr
Helindone blue B paste
Helindone blue 3R (single strength)
Helindone blue 3R pdr
Helindone fast scarlet G paste
Helindone printing black RD paste..
Helindone yellow RN, 3RN (single strength).
Vat vellow RK pdr
Vat vellow 3RT dbl. paste
Vat yellow 3RT pdr
Hydron brown (single strength)
Hydron brown G paste
Hydron brown G pdr
Hydron brown R paste 1 IG.
Hvdron brown R pdr i IG.
Bv.
IG.
IG.
IG.
GrE.
IG...
IG-
Vat brown RT paste
Hydron green G paste
Hydron navy blue C paste
Hydron olive GN paste. _ .-
Hydron pink FF (single strength)
Anthra pink R extra paste fine. ! IG
Hydron pink FF paste _ I IG
Hydron pink FF pdr IG
Thioindigo rose RN pdr IG.
Hydron scarlet (single strength)
Vat scarlet 3B paste
Vat scarlet 3B pdr
Hydron violet (single strength)
Hydron violet B i)dr
Hydron violet BF paste
Hydron violet BBF paste
Hydron violet R pdr
Hydron violet RF paste
Vat printing violet RF paste
Hydron yellow (single strength)
Hydron yellow GG pdr
Hydron yellow NF paste
Vat vellow (IF paste.
Vat vellow GF pdr _
Vat yellow 3GF pdr
Hydron yellow brown G paste
Indanthrene blue RZ (single strength)
Grelanone blue RZ paste _-
Vat blue RZ dbl. paste
Indanthrene brilliant blue (single strength)
Vat brilliant blue 3G paste fine j IG
Vat brilliant blue R paste B.
Vat brilliant blue R paste fine ! IG
Vat brilliant blue R dbl. paste... IG
Vat brilliant blue R pdr__ _.
Indanthrene brilliant orange RK (single strength)
Vat brilliant orange RK paste
Vat brilliant orange RK [laste fine..
Vat brilliant orange RK pdr.__
Indanthrene brilliant violet 3B pdr
Indanthrene lirilliant violet 4R (single strength) . .
Vat brilliant violet 4R paste
Vat brilliant violet 4R pdr
Indanthrene brown GG
Vat brown GG paste
Vat brown GG paste
Vat brown GG pdr
Vat brown GG pdr
Indanthrene golden orange 3G (single strength) 1
\'at golden orange 3G paste ! B.
Vat golden orange 3G pdr ...: IG
Indanthrene golden orange RRT (single strength)... '
Vat orange RRT paste. ._ I IG
Vat orange RRT paste fine IG
Vat orange RRT.S pdr .1 IG-_ i.
■ Includes 11,250 pounds 10 per cent paste and 4,594 pounis 12J^ per cent paste.
Pounds
6,178
2,600
3,844
100
250
13,300
123, 000
3,000
18, 681
200
300
3,588
39, 650
14, 767
500
19, 472
10, 213
4,212
100
1,300
' 15, 844
14,298
45, 562
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION
UNIDENTIFIED VAT DYES— Continued
107
Imports
Name of dye
Indfiuthrene golden orange 3R (single strength)
Vat orange 3R paste line
Vat orange 3R pdr
Indanthrene gray (single strength)
Vat gray 3B paste
Vat gray KRH paste
Vat gray RRII dhl. paste
Vat gray RRIi pdr
Indanthrene green (single strength)
Vat green G dbl. paste
Vat green dbl. paste fine
Vat green G pdr
Vat green GG dbl. paste
Vat green GG pdr
Indanthrene Ichaki
Vat l<:haki GG paste
Indanthrene orange 4R
Vat orange 4R pdr
Indanthrene pink B (single strength)
Vat pink B dbl. paste
Vat pink B dbl. paste fine
Vat pink B pdr
Indanthrene printing black BR
Vat printing black BR paste
Indanthrene red (single strength)
Vat red BK paste fine
Vat red BK pdr
Vat red GG paste
Vat red GG pdr
Indanthrene red brown R (single strength)
Vat red brown R paste
^'at red brown R paste fine
^'at red brown R pdr
Vat red brown 5RF paste fine
Vat red brown oRF pdr
Indanthrene yellow (single strength)
Helindone yellow IFFRK pdr
Vat yellow FFRK pdr
Vat yellow GPO
IndigosoL
Indigosol AZG
Indigosol AZG
Indigosol II B
Indigosol 04B
Indigosol 04B
Indigosol OR
Indigosol blacks
Indigosol IB
Indigosol IB
Indigosol TB
Indigosol TB
Indigosol orange
Indigosol orange HR
Indigosol orange HR
Indigosol pink
Indigosol pink HR extra
Indigosol pink HR extra
Indigosol pink IR extra | DH
Indigosol pink IR extra ""
Indi gosol red
Indigosol red HR
Indigosol red HR
Indigosol scarlet
Indigosol scarlet HB
Indigosol scarlet HB
Indigosol violet
Indigosol violet AZB
Indigosol violet AZB
Indigosol yellow
Indigosol yellow HCG
Indigosol yellow HCG
Paradone direct black
Paradone direct black BG
Paradone direct black RBP
Paradone gray B paste
Thioindigo black B for printing
Vat black B paste
Thioindigo violet R paste
108 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
UNIDENTIFIED VAT DYES— Continued
Name of dye
Thioindone scarlet BB paste
Vat brilliant pink R paste.- -
Vat brown WM pdr
Vat golden yellow (single strength)
Vat golden yellow GK dbl. paste fine.
Vat printing brown GN paste --.
Vat printing deep black BD paste
Vat yellow GGK paste
Vat yellow brown 3G paste.-
Vatamine scarlet 2B pdr
Wool vat blue B paste
Wool vat brown 3R paste -
All other vat dyes-
Imports
Manufac-
turer
K--
IG.
IG-
IG.
IG-
I..-
IG-
IG.
IG
IG
Quantity
Pounds
55
3,500
200
65, 880
200
220
300
1, 153
38
100
200
110
Invoice
value
UNIDENTIFIED MORDANT AND CHROME DYES
Acid alizarin gray G ! IG.
.\cid alizarin red G 1 IG.
Acid anthracene brown PG 1 IG.
Acid anthracene red .;
Acid anthracene red 5BD, _.. I IG.
Acid anthracene red 5BL | IG.
Acid chrome blue FFR -.1 IG.
Acid chrome red B j IG.
.\cid chrome yellow --'
Acid chrome yellow 3GL - .' IG.
Acid chrome yellow RL IG.
Alizarin chrome green V paste --, S.
IG..
IG..
I_.-.
By-
I....
DH.
IG..
IG..
M..
DH.
DH.
By-
IG.
DH.
.\lizarin cyanine green 5G
.■Vlizarin fast gray 2BL
Alizarin fast green 2B
.\lizarin fast light brown GL
.\lizarin fast violet R.._
Alizarin yellow RFS
Anthracene chromate brown EB
.\nthracene chrome blue F
.^utochrome gray G
Azo alizarin carmoisine
Azo alizarin yellow RFS
Azol printing red
Azol printing red 2B extra...
Azol printing red R extra
Brilliant chrome blue
Brilliant chrome blue 2B
Brilliant chrome blue S ..! DH
Brilliant chrome printing red B I G..
Brilliant chrome violet '
Brilliant chrome violet 3R \ DH
Brilliant chrome violet 3RA -.i DH
Brilliant chrome violet 3RN .1 DH
Chromanol black RVI... ! DH
Chromazurine DN : DH
Chrome corinth L paste ' DH
Chrome deep brown RRN I DH
Chrome fast brown EB._. -. I-.-
Chrome fast orange RD pdr ..-| By
Chrome fast phosphine
Chrome fast phosphine B. . .
Chrome fast phosphine 2RD
Chrome fast xantliine
Chrome fast xanthine RD...
Chrome fast xanthine 2R
Chrome green OR
Chrome orange I
Chrome printing orange 2R
Chrome printing red
Chrome printing red B
Chrome printing red Y
Chrome violet CBD. I DH
Chromochloriiie O. DH
Chromocitronine 3R DH
Chromocyanoline D DH
Chromogene red BD IG_
Chromophenine FKN.. - ...1 DH
DH.
DH-
DH-
DH.
DH.
DH.
I-...
DH.
DH.
6,288
100
6,073
800
120
550
1,399
4,495
200
1,547
110
200
110
55
4,500
100
1,784
77
55
350
220
1,322
275
881
110
110
110
100
660
1,981
275
11
165
3,635
275
220
2,752
55
200
110
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION 109
UNIDENTIFIED MORDANT AND CHROME DYES— Continued
Name of dye
Chroraorhodine
Chromorhodine 60N
Chromorhodine 6GS
Chromovesuvine RA
Chromoxane brilliant violet
Chromoxane brilliant violet BD.
Chromoxane brilliant violet SB.
Chromoxane brown 5R
Chromoxane pure blue BLD
Colonial blue R
Ergan yellow 3GS pdr
Eric anthracene brown R
Eriochromal brown
Eriochromal brown AEB
Eriochromal brown G.._
Eriochrome blue S,.
Eriochrome blue S.
Eriochrome blue SE supra
Eriochrome brilliant violet B supra..
Eriochrome brown SWN supra
Eriochrome geranol R cone
Eriochrome red G
Eriochrome violet 3B supra
Fast chrome green BN
Foulard discharge blue B
Foulard discharge green BL
Gallo fast black pdr
Oallo navy blue 2GD pdr
Gallophenine P
Metachrome blue black 2BX pdr
Metachrome brilliant blue
Metachrome brilliant blue BL..
Metachrome brilliant blue 8RL.
Metachrome brown 6G_
Metachrome olive 2G
Metachrome red G
Metachrome violet 2R
Modern black N
Modern blue CVI...
Modern brown
Modern green N
Modern olive JN
Omega chrome brown
Omega chrome brown EB
Omega chrome brown G
Oxychrome brown V
Radio chrome blue B
Salicine orange 2R
Ultra corinth B
Ultra cyanol B cone
Ultra orange R
Xantho phosphine GR —
All other mordant and chrome dyes.
Manufac-
turer
DH.
DH_
DH_
IG..
IG--
IG..
IG..
DH.
IG..
G.-.
G...
G...
G...
G.--
G...
G---
G...
DH.
IG-.
IG.-
IG..
IG.-
IG..
IG-.
IG..
IG_.
IG..
IG..
IG..
IG..
DH.
DH.
DH-
DH.
DH.
S....
S....
GrE.
IG...
IG...
S....
S-...
s....
DH.
Imports
Quantity
Pounds
1,733
330
630
25
350
220
25
1,540
660
2,997
3,114
1,100
1,102
6,612
110
110
200
100
15
35
331
8,354
300
500
2.500
1,700
100
660
771
22
330
110
5,022
330
1,000
200
500
2. 500
3,500
220
19
Invoice
value
UNIDENTIFIED DIRECT DYES
Benzo Bordeaux 6B
Benzo bronze E
Benzo chrome black blue B..
Benzo chrome brown
Benzo chrome brown B..
Benzo chrome brown 5G.
Benzo dark brown extra
Benzo fast black L...
Benzo fast blue
Benzo fast blue 4GL
Benzo fast blue 8GL
Benzo fast blue 5R
Direct fast blue 8GL
Benzo fast Bordeaux 6BL
Benzo fast brown
Benzo fast brown GL
Benzo fast brown 3GL...
Benzo fast brown RL
Direct fast brown 3GL.
Direct fast brown RL I By
110 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
UNIDENTIFIED DIRECT DYES— Continued
Manufac-
turer
Imports
Name of dye
Quantity
Invoice
value
Benzo fast copper blue B
IG
IG
IG..
Pounds
100
100
100
2,821
Benzo fast copper violet B..
Benzo fast eosine BL.
Benzo fast gray BL.. .
Benzo fast grav BL . .
IG
Direct fast gray BL
By
Benzo fast heliotrope
3,305
$4, 599
Benzo fast heliotrope oRH
IG
Benzo fast heliotrope 4BL
IG
Direct fast heliotrope 4BL
By
Benzo fast light scarlet 4BL
IG
500
2,300
Benzo fast orange...
Benzo fast orange P
IG
Benzo fast orange 2RL
IG
Benzo fast red 6BL .
IG
By
500
560
8,985
Benzo fast violet BL
Benzo fast yellow RL .
8,912
Benzo fast veilow RL
IG
Direct fast yellow RL
By
Fast cotton veilow RL... . . . .
Bv
1,432
Benzo red 12B
By
By
Benzo rhodiiline red. _ .
5,698
IG
Benzo rhoduline red 3B . .
IG
IG
200
2,030
Brilliant benzo fast veilow GL
Brilliant benzo fast veilow GL..
IG
Direct fast veilow GL
By
Brilliant benzo green B
IG...
By
IG
IG
IG
IG
3,943
1,556
626
1,500
106
2,330
5,384
Brilliant benzo violet 2R .
Brilliant conso violet R
Brilliant copper blue OW ...
Brilliant fast blueSBX
Brilliant pure yellow GO extra
Brilliant pure yellow 6G extra .
By . .
Brilliant pure yellow 6G extra . . . .
IG
Brilliant sky blue
9,455
11,116
Brilliant sky blue G
IG
Brilliant sky blue R
IG
By
Brilliant sky blue 2RM
IG
G
6,615
3,200
Chloramine fast orange-..
3,231
S
Chloramine fast orange 2Q cone . . ...
S
•
s
Ohloraniine light grav B cone
s....
716
500
75
1,322
26,783
s
Ohloramine violet R
s
I
Chlorantine fast blue..
21, 811
Chlorantine fast blue 4GL . . . ..
Ohlorantine fast Bordeaux 2BL...
2,976
14,700
Chlorantine fast brown BRL
Chlorantine fast green B
10, 912
1,984
23, 199
Chlorantine fast violet . .
Chlorantine fast violet 2RL jt.
2,644
1,240
5,500
120
3,400
1,600
Chlorazol drab Rll .
BDG
BDG
BDG
BDG
Chlorazol fast orange AG...
Columbia catechine . .
IG
IG
IG
Q
300
991
2,200
Developed blue
Developing bbie
Developing blue B
IG
IG
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION
UNIDENTIFIED DIRECT DYES— Continued
HI
Name of dye
Manufac-
turer
Imports
Diamine azo brown 3G -
Diamine azo fast violet R
Diamine azo green 3Q
Diamine azo yellow 2G
Diamine brilliant scarlet S
Diamine brilliant scarlet S.
Diamine brilliant scarlet S
Diamine catechine
Diamine catechine B
Diamine catechine O
Diamine catechine 30
Diamine fast Bordeaux 6BS
Diamine fast brown __
Diamine fast brown CF
Diamine fast brown GBB
Diamine fast brown 30
Diamine fast brown R
Diamine fast orange
Diamine fast orange EG
Diamine fast orange ER
Diamine fast scarlet 8BS
Diamine jet black OO
Diaminogen blue GO _.
Dianil fast violet BL...
Diazanil scarlet 3BA cone
DiazG black VG
Diazo brilliant blue 2BL
Diazo brilliant grwn 3G
Developed brilliant green 3Q pdr....
Diazo briliant green 3G pdr. '....
Diazo brilliant orange 5G
Developed brilliant orange 5G extrn.
Diazo brilliant orange 5G extra
Diazo brilliant scarlet..
Diazo brilliant scarlet 2BL extra
Diazo brilliant scarlet 6B extra..
Diazo brilliant scarlet G extra
Diazo brilliant scarlet S8B.
Diazo brown
Developed brown 3G
Developed brown SO.
Diazo brown BW
Diazo brown G... _..
Diazo brown 6G
Diazo brown 3R
Diazo brown 3RB
Diazo fast black
Diazo fast black SD
Diazo fast black VB
Diazo fast blue
Diazo fast blue 2BW
Diazo fast blue 6GW
Diazo fast blue 4RW
Diazo fast Bordeaux BL..
Diazo fast red 7BL _
Diazo fast violet
Developed violet BL
Diazo fast violet BL
Diazo fast violet 3RL
Diazo fast yellow 3RL
Diazo green 3G
Diazo indigo blue
Diazo indigo blue 4GL extra
Diazo indigo blue R
Diazo indigo blue 2RL extra
Diazo rubine B_..
Diazo sky blue
Developed sky blue B _..
Developed sky blue 3GL
Diazo skv blue B
Diazo sky blue 3G
Diazol brilliant orange NJN
Diazol light red N8B
Diazophenyl black V
Diphenyl brown BBNC.
Diphenyl dark green BC
Diphenyl fast blue
Diphenyl fast blue 2GLN
Diphenyl fast blue 4GL
C.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG-
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
C
IG.
IG-
I...
IG.
By.
IG-
By.
IG.
By.
By.
By.
IG
By.
By.
I...
By.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
I...
I...
I...
IG.
IG.
By.
IG.
By.
I...
IG_
IG.
IG.
IG.
By.
By..
By..
IG..
IG..
CN.
CN.
O...
G...
O...
I Quantity
Pounds
550
551
4,389
772
5,927
Invoice
value
4,100
700
6,300
17, 957
300
500
6,165
200
250
1,102
226
7.660
8,231
2,200
1,873
1,000
1,050
1,911
110
125
4,588
2,151
19, 996
1,653
9,469
2,205
8,820
3,638
110
$2, 865
6,141
3.682
10,546
4, 077
6,392
15,789
112 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
UNIDENTIFIED DIRECT DYES— Continued
Manufac-
turer
Imports
Name of dye
Quantity
Invoice
value
Diphenyl fast Bordeaux BC ,
G
G . ..
Pounds
880
4,408
2,205
330
110
220
110
2,314
Diphenyl fast bronze B
Diphenvl fast brown GNC .
G
Diphenvl pure vellow 5G cone
G
Direct brilliant blue 6BR _
I .
Direct brilliant vellow KG
I _...
I
Direct catechine 3G
Direct cutch brown,.
Direct euteh brown GR __
I.
Direct cutch brown N
I
Direct safranine RW . .
I
991
26
100
300
100
7,350
Direct sky blue H_
Fast cotton blue FFG_
iG.:::::::
IG
IG
Fast cotton brown 4RL
Fast cotton eorinth B.
Fast cotton gray
$5, 288
Fast cotton gray BL
IG . .
Fast cotton grav GL
IG
Fast cotton gray VL
IG
Fast cotton rubine 5B
IG
IG
IG
IG...
G
200
300
100
100
661
1,000
516
200
100
950
Fast cotton violet 4R __
Fastusol red violet BBL ...
Fastusol violet BL
Formal fast black G cone
Half-wool bhieSR
IG
A
Naphthogene blue B
Neutral grav NY
IG
IG
Now claret RX ...
Oxamine black.
Minaxo black BBNX '
IG -. .-
Oxamine light pink
600
Minaxo fast pink BX
IG
Alinaxo light pink BBX
IG
Oxvdiaraine black .
500
Oxydiamine black SOOO
IG
Oxvdianiine black US extra cone
IG
Oxydiamine brown KBBS
IG
IG .-
IG
IG.
IG
IG
IG
IG
S
50
4,400
5
86
12
25
5
10
1,000
1,000
1,100
1,763
Paper red A extra
Para green BBL . ^ ..
Para orange G
Para vellow R
Paranil Bordeaux B.
Paranil brown R ....
Paranil green B, G
Parasulfon brown V
Pluto black O extra.
IG
IG
Pluto brown GG
Rosanthrene ... .
Rosanthrene 3BN
I
Rosanthrene R
I
Rosanthrene Bordeaux B
I
661
110
220
4,959
324
135
300
50
100
5
660
556
500
100
100
4,600
Rosanthrene brilliant red BR .
I
Rosanthrene fast red 7BL .
I
I
I
IG
IG
IG
IG
IG
GrE
QrE
s
Silk blue BT5B extra cone
Sky blue N . .
Solamine grav VL
Toluylene fast orange LX
Toluvlene vellow G
Triazol fast brown 3QL pdr.
Triazol light orange 2RL
Trisulphon bronze BO cone
Universal green
IG..
IG
IG
IG
L niversal jet black C
Zambesi black
IG .
.
IG.
A
350
421
200
5
Zambesi pink B extra
AG
IG
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION
DYES FOR ARTIFICIAL SILK
113
Name of dye
Artificial silk black G
Azonine direct violet R conc_
Blue extra paste
Celatene black paste --
Cellit blue R
CelHt brown G
Cellit fast brown G pdr
Cellit fast red
Cellit fast red B
Cellit fast red 2B .-.
Cellit fast yellow
Cellit fast vellow 2GN
Cellit fast yellow R
CellitazolSR
Celliton blue B pdr..
Celliton blue extra paste
Celliton fast blue
Celliton fast blue B paste
Celliton fast blue 2B paste ..-
Celliton fast pink FSB paste
Celliton fast red violet R paste
Celliton fast violet B paste
Celliton fast yellow
Celliton fast yellow R
Celliton fast yellow 2R
Celliton orange R paste
Celliton pink R paste
Celliton red R paste...
Celliton yellow 3G paste
Cibacete diazo black B paste
Cibacete navy blue 3R paste
C ibacete orange _
Cibacete orange 3G paste
Cibacete orange 2R paste
Cibacete red
Cibacete red 3B paste.
Cibacete red GR paste
Cibacete sapphire blue G paste
Cibacete scarlet G paste
Cibacete turquoise blue paste
Cibacete violet 2R paste
Cibacete yellow
Cibacete yellow 3G paste
Cibacete yellow R paste...
Cibacete yellow 2R paste
Dispersol yellow 3G paste
Duranol black paste
Duranol blue G paste
Duranol brilliant blue G paste
Duranol orange G paste
Duranol red
Duranol red 2B paste
Duranol red G paste
Duranol violet 2R paste
Duranol vellow paste
Icvl blue G
Icyl blue black 6B
Icyl brown G
Icyl orange G
Icyl violet B_
lonamine A
lonamine L paste
lonamine red KA
Orange extra paste
Pink R extra paste
Red violet extra paste
Setacyl direct blue
Setacyl direct blue G
Setacyl direct blue 2GS
Setacyl direct blue R
Setacyl direct orange
Setacyl direct orange G cone. pdr.
Setacyl direct orange 2R pdr
Setacyl direct pink 3B cone
Setacyl direct red B pdr
Setacyl direct violet R. pdr...
Violet B extra
Yellow R
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
I...
I...
I
I
I
BDC.
BDC.
BDC.
BDC.
BDC.
BDC.
BDC.
BDC.
BDC.
BDC.
BDC.
BDC.
BDC.
BDC.
BDC.
BDC.
BDC.
IG....
IG....
IG-...
G..
G..
G..
G..
G.-
IG.
IG.
Imports
Quantity
Pounds
100
25
100
50
450
50
47
250
Invoice
value
375
100
50
1,350
225
70
850
575
650
350
100
1,000
320
110
551
2,092
110
661
881
220
1,981
106
3.291
5,858
60
1,042
4,092
60
60
454
114
454
128
214
700
56
100
100
50
100
5,399
1,887
242
1,269
1,212
100
50
$1, 238
3,375
114 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
RAPID FAST DYES
Name of dye
Rapid fast blue B paste
Rapid fast orange
Rapid fast orange RG paste-
Rapid fast orange RH paste -
Rapid fast pink LB paste
Rapid fast red
Rapid fast red B paste
Rapid fast red OZ paste
Rapid fast red LB paste
Manufac-
turer
IG-
IG-
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
Imports
Quantity
Pounds
25
19,350
200
19, 050
UNIDENTIFIED BASIC DYES
1,211
DH.
DH
IG
IG
ON
IG
490
100
165
50
2,047
Astra violet FFD extra ....
Basic black , .
Blue BSJ
Brilliant acridine orange -
$3, 377
Roh..
DH
Brilliant acridine orange 5R . .... .
DH
Brilliant rhoduline blue R .. .
IG
IG
IG
800
200
25
36, 500
Rliodamine OGDN
io. . ..
Rhodamine OQH . .
S
IG -
IG
Q..
1,903
70
25
100
110
Straw blue O
By
DH
Thio violet 5R
UNIDENTIFIED SULFUR DYES
Immedial brown W cone
Immedial yellow olive 5G _.-
Indo carbon
Indocarbon GL..
Indocarbon SN..
Katigene chrome blue 5G
Katigene indigo CLGG extra...
Kryogene violet 3RX
Pyrogene blue green B
Pyrogene brown G
Pyrogene cutch 2R extra
Pyrogene green GK
P y rogene pure blue-
Pyrogene pure blue 3GL
Pyogene puie blue 2RL
Sulfide new blue
Sulfide new blue BL
Sulfide new lilue GL ^
Sulfide violet ,
Sulfide violet RR cone _
Sulfide violet V
Sulfur blue
Sulfur brown CL/4R -
Thonal brilliant blue 6B cone 1 S
Thional brilliant green 6G cone
Thionol brown
Thionol lirown O _
Thionol brown CL4R -
Thionol i)rown R
Thionol green.
Th ionol green B_
Thionol green 2G cone
Thionol yellow GR_
Utopia brilliant green
Utopia brilliant green B cone
Utopia brilliant green 6G cone
All other sulfur dyes
BDC.
BDC.
BDC.
BDC.
BDC.
BDC.
NBC.
NBC.
C
2,000
200
33, 901
4,809
2,400
100
55
1,212
1,321
1,103
4,629
3,841
350
527
1,600
1,265
400
11, 289
47, 109
14, 733
1,008
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION
115
UNIDENTIFIED COLOR-LAKE AND SPIRIT-SOLUBLE DYES
Name of dye
Alizarin astrol pdr.(oil soluble)
Alizarin cyanine green G extra pdr. (oil soluble).
Auramine stearate -
Brilliant helio green GO extra
Brillianton orange R pdr
Bromofliiorescein A extra...
Ceres blue I
Ceres yellow VI
Grasol blue :
Grasol blue G.
Grasol blue R
Grasol orange.
Grasol orange G
Grasol orange 2R...
Grasol red
Grasol red B
Grasol red G...
Grasol scarlet
Grasol scarlet G
Grasol scarlet 2G
Grasol yellow
Grasol yellow R
Grasol yellow 2R
Hansa yellow (single strength)
Hansa yellow G paste
Hansa yellow G pdr
Hansa yellow 5G pdr
Hansa yellow 2GR
Hansa yellow 3R pdr
Lake yellow G pdr
Hansa yellow GSA pdr
Hansa yellow GA pdr
Hansa yellow GSA pdr
Hansa yellow lOG paste
Hansa yellow lOG pdr
Helio Bordeaux BL (single strength)
Helio Bordeaux BL paste
Helio Bordeaux BL pdr
Helio fast blue BL cone, pdr
Helio fast pink RL paste .
Helio fast rubine
Helio fast rubine 2BL
Helio fast rubine 4BL
Helio fast scarlet AR pdr
Helio fast yellow H 10 G pdr
Helio marine 2GL paste
Helio red RMT pdr
Lake green FE
Oil green .\LB lumps
Oil red .
Manufac-
turer
lO...
IG...
StD.
By...
IG...
M....
IG...
IG...
G.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
M.
mV
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
By.
IG.
Oil Vermillion
Paper fast Bordeaux B
Pigment green B paste
Rhodr.mine stearate
Safranine stearate
Spirit blue
Stone (Lithol) fast orange RN pdr.
Stone fast scarlet G pdr
Stone rubine
Stone rubine BN
Stone rubine G
Tero (Typophor) black FB
Tero brown
Tero brown FR
Tero brown FRR
Tero brown F 3R
Tero brown F 4R__.
Tero carmine FB
Tero red FO
Zapon blue G pdr
.\11 other oil colors
IG...
IG...
By...
By...
By._.
IG...
IG._.
IG...
Q....
Q....
IG...
IG...
St D_
St D.
Q-._.
IG...
IG._.
IG.
IG-
lO.
IG.
IG-
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
IG.
Imports
Quantity
Invoice
value
Pounds
2,850 I.
125 i.
22 I.
100 i.
250 |.
645 I.
50 |.
20 I-
83 1.
143
49, 550
23,676
1,000
300
34, 737
55
1,500
850
100
700
100
3,750
25
300
60
60
2,600
200
22
22
60
50
100
2,000
900
175
100
175
5
148
6,497
UNIDENTIFIED UNCLASSIFIED DYES
Cedar brown G... .
IG
§ - -
500
10
25
55
19, 856
114
Gray black . .
Very superior pink AA
Violet red HR
St D.
EMCs..._
Whitex washing blue
All other dves
« Eze Manufacturing Co.
116 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Index to table of dye imports
Name of dye
Colour
1 Index
No.
196
Aceto purpurine 8B I 436
Acid alizarin black R .' 172
Acid alizarin gray G ;
Acid alizarin red O-..
Acid anthracene brown PG..
Acid anthracene brown R ! 105
Acid anthracene red 3B I 487
Acid anthracene red 5BD '
Acid anthracene red 5BL.._
Acid black 2R I
Acid blue A j 714
Acid blue AM 833
Acid blue BL I 833
Acid blue V ! 712
Acid brown RN
Acid chrome blue FFR
Acid chrome red B
Acid chrome yellow 3GL
Acid chrome vellow RL
Acid cyanine BF ; 853
Acid fast blue GL
Acid green cone, pdr
Acid leather brown EQB
Acid leather brown ER
Acid magenta
Acid magenta II
Acid milling black B
Acid milling red R
Acid milling yellow G
Acid ponceau E
Acid pure blue R supra- _.
Acid rhodamine BG
Acid violet 6B cone. (DH)
Acid violet 6BN00
Acid violet 7B cone
Acid violet 8B
Acid violet ClOB
Acid violet R
Acid violet SR.
Acridine flavine R
Acridine flavine RD
Acronol brilliant blue
Alaska black lOBX
Algol blue 3RP---- .---
Algol brilliant red 2B
Algol pink R
Algol red B
Algol red FF
Algol red R
Algol scarlet G
Algol yellow 3G
Alizarin SX pa.ste
Alizarin VI extra pure
Alizarin astrol B
Alizarin astro! (oil soluble) |
Alizarin black S paste j 1019
Alizarin black SP paste. ! 1019
Alizarin blue AS I 1075
Alizarin blue JR i [ 1073
Alizarin blue S i 1067
Alizarin blue SKY 1088
Alizarin blue SW 1067
Alizarin blue black B ' 1085
Alizarin Bordeaux BP ..i 1045
Alizarin brillaint sky blue R i
Alizarin brown HD I 1035
Alizarin carmine 1034
Alizarin chrome green V
Alizarin claret R_
Alizarin cyanine GG
Alizarin cyanine green G..
Alizarin cyanine green G (oil solu-
ble) -
Alizarin cyanine green 3G
Alizarin cyanine green 5G
Alizarin cyclamine R
Alizarin direct blue A20
Alizarin direct blue B... j I 1087
Alizarin direct blue BGAOO ...1 1077
Alizarin direct blue RBX '
Page
1133
1128
1155
1133
1133
1129
1139
1040
1027
1075
1032
1051
1078
1078
1064
93
92
108
108
108
92
94
108
108
103
95
97
97
95
103
108
108
108
108
97
97
94
103
103
95
93
92
94
103
92
103
103
103
95
95
103
103
103
103
114
114
94
92
105
100
100
101
100
100
100
101
99
103
98
108
115
99
108
99
103
99
Name of dye
Alizarin direct blue RXO
Alizarin direct red 3G
Alizarin direct violet E2F
Alizarin direct violet ER
Alizarin emeraldole G
Alizarin fast gray 2BL
Alizarin fast green 2B
Alizarin fast light brown GL.
-Mizarin fast violet R
Alizarin geranol B
Alizarin green S
Alizarin indigo G
Alizarin indigo 3R
Alizarin indigo 5R
Alizarin indigo brown R
Alizarin irisol R
Alizarin light blue B
Alizarin light blue LR
Alizarin light blue R
Alizarin light blue SE
Alizarin light gray BS
Alizarin light violet RS
Alizarin orange A
Alizarin orange AO..
Alizarin orange SW
.\lizarin paste bluish
Alizarin pure blue B
Alizarin red paste (G)
Alizarin red IB
Alizarin red IWS
.\lizarin red S
Alizarin red SW
Alizarin red SWB
Alizarin red SX extra paste...
Alizarin red SZ
Alizarin red VI
Alizarin red WR
.\lizarin red XGD
Alizarin rubine R
Alizarin rubinol GW
Alizarin rubinol 5G
Alizarin sapphire blue SE
Alizarin saphirol B
Alizarin sky blue B
.\lizarin supra blue R
Alizarin supra blue SES
Alizarin uranol BB
Alizarin viridine FF
Alizarin yellow DD
Alizarin yellow RFS
Alkali blue 2B cone
Alkali blue No. 4
Alkali blue R...
Alkali blue 3R__
Alkali fast green 2BF
Alkali fast green 3G
Alkali fast green lOG
Alkali violet A extra
Alkah violet JOB
Alphanol brown B
Amido black green B
Amido fast red GG_
Amido yellow E
Anthosine B
Anthra Bordeaux B
Anthra Bordeaux R
Anthra brown B
Anthra claret R
Anthra gray B
Anthra orange RH
.\nthra pink B
Anthra pink R
Anthra red B
Anthra red RT.
.\nthra rubine B
Anthra scarlet B
-Vnthra scarlet GG
.\nthra yellow GO
Anthra yellow GGN
.\nthracene blue SWG
.\nthracene blue SWGG
Anthracene blue SWR..
Colour
Index
No.
1076
1091
1073
1056
1092
1071
1202
1200
1073
1054
1076
1076
1053
1085
1073
1033
1033
1033
1027
1088
•1027
1027
1034
1034
1034
1034
1040
1034
1027
1040
1039
1091
1091
1091
1053
1054
1088
1058
1084
195
704
704
704
704
700
11
1146
1143
1120
1143
1123
1217
1207
1142
1091
1228
1095
1095
1060
1060
1063
INDEX TO TABLE OF DYE IMPORTS
Index to table of dye imports — Continued
117
Name of dye
Colour
Index
No.
884
1095
1089
1082
1081
1080
Anthracene brown R 1035
Anthracene brown SW 1035
Anthracene chromate brown EB.
Anthracene chrome blue F..
Anthracyanine S
Anthraflavone GC
Anthraquinone blue SR
Anthraquinone blue green BXO..
Anthraquinone green GXNO
Anthraquinone violet
Artificial silk black G
Astra phloxine FF
Astra violet FFD._
Auracine G
Auramine stearate
Aurine
Autochrome gray G
Azo alizarin Bordeaux W
Azo alizarin carmoisine
Azo alizarin yellow RFS
Azo carmine GX
Azo fast blue BD..
Azo wool blue SE
Azol printing red 2B
Azol printing red R.__ _.-
Azonine direct violet R
24
341
B
Basic black --
Basic blue GO
Basic blue 6G --.
Basic pink G
Basic pure blue BO
Basic yellow T
Basic yellow TCN..
Benzo Bordeaux 6B
Benzo bronze E _.-
Benzo chrome black blue B
Benzo chrome brown B
Benzo chrome brown G
Benzo chionie brown 5G
Benzo chrome brown R
Benzo dark brown extra
Benzo fast black L
Benzo fast blue 4GL
Benzo fast blue 8GL
Benzo fast blue 5R
Benzo fast Bordeaux 6BL
Benzo fast brown GL
Benzo fast brown 3GL
Benzo fast brown RL,_
Benzo fast copper blue B
Benzo fast copper brown 3GL.
Benzo fast copper violet B
Benzo fast eosine BL
Benzo fast gray BL
Benzo fast heliotrope BL
Benzo fast heliotrope 4BL
Ben^o fast heliotrope 2RL
Benzo fast heliotrope 5RH
Benzo fast light scarlet 4BL_..
Benzo fast orange P
Benzo fast orange 2RL
Benzo fast orange S
Benzo fast orange WS
Benzo fast red 6BL
Benzo fast rubine BL
Benzo fast scarlet 4BS
Benzo fast scarlet 8BS
Benzo fast violet BL
Benzo fast'vellow RL
Benzo red 12B
Benzo rhoduline red B
Benzo rhoduline red 3B
Benzoform scarlet B
Benzyl fast blue GL
Benzyl fast blue3GL
Benzyl green B
Benzyl violet 5BN
Black extra
Blue BSJ
58
926
658
750
729
815
815
596
319
326
326
278
327
326
667
698
317
108
108
97
99
99
99
99
99
113
114
114
96
115
95
108
93
108
108
97
103
92
108
108
113
114
98
94
96
96
109
109
109
109
94
109
94
109
109
109
109
109
109
109
109
109
110
110
110
110
110
93
110
93
110
110
110
110
93
93
110
92
93
93
110
110
110
110
110
110
97
103
94
95
93
114
Name of dye
Colour
Index
No.
715
715
316
516
892
714
1083
325
315
720
357
Blue extra
Blue extra paste.
BlueFF
Blue NA.
Blue NBB.
Blue 1900 TCD
Brilliant acid blue A
Brilliant acid blue FF
Brilliant acridine orange A
Brilliant acridine orange R..
Brilliant acridine orange 3R
Brilliant acridine orange 5R
Brilliant alizarin viridine F paste.
Brilliant benzo fast yellow GL
Brilliant benzo green B
Brilliant benzo violet B
Brilliant benzo violet 2R
Brilliant benzyl violet 3B
Brilliant black BX
Brilliant blue G
Brilliant carmine L cone.
Brilliant chrome blue 2B
Brilliant chrome blue S
Brilliant chrome printing red B...
Brilliant chrome violet 4B
Brilliant chrome violet 3R
Brilliant chrome violet 3R.^
Brilliant chrome violet 3RN
Brilliant Congo blue 5R
Brilliant Congo violet R
Brilliant copper blue GW
Brilliant delphine blue B
Brilliant fast blue 3BX.
Brilliant geranine B
Brilliant geranine 3B
Brilliant helio green GG
Brilliant indigo B _ 1 1190
Brilliant indigo BB 1188
Brilliant indigo 4B_..
Brilliant indigo 4BC
Brilliant indigo blue 3BW
Brilliant indigo blue 3BW cone. G
718
878
Brilliant indigo 4G.
Brilliant indocyanine 6B..
Brilliant milling blue B
Brilliant milling blue FG..
Brilliant milling green B..
Brilliant milling red K
Brilliant phosphine 5G
Brilliant pure yellow 6G...
Brilliant rhoduline blue R_
Brilliant silk blue B
Brilliant sky blue G
Brilliant skv blue 5G
BriUiant sky blue 8G
Brilliant sky blue R.
Brilliant sky b!ue2RIM_..
Brilliant sulfon red B
Brilliant sulfon red oB
Brilliant sulfon red lOB
Brilliant wool blue B
Brilliant wool blue FFB_..
Brilliant wool blue FFR...
Brillianton orange R
Bromotluorescein A extra. .
Caledon black BB
Cannelle AL
Carmine blue A..
Cashmire black TN...
Cedar brown G
Celatene black
Cellit blueR
Cellit brown G
Cellit fast brown G
Cellit fast red B
Cellit fast red 2B
Cellit fast yellow 2GN.
Cellit fast yell owR....
667
487
1184
1184
1184
1184
1189
663
710
710
1102
793
714
95
113
95
93
95
103
96
114
114
114
99
110
110
93
110
103
93
95
93
108
108
108
95
108
108
108
110
110
110
97
110
92
92
115
102
102
102
102
102
102
102
103
103
103
94
94
96
110
114
94
110
95
95
110
110
92
92
92
103
103
103
115
115
100
96
95
110
115
113
113
113
113
113
113
113
113
118 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Index to table of dye imports — Continued
Name of dye
Coloui
Index
No.
Page
Name of dye
Colour
Index I Page
No. 1
1
CellitazolSR
113
113
113
113
113
113
113
113
113
113
. 113
113
113
115
115
103
1 94
no
94
93
no
no
no
97
no
no
94
93
93
93
no
no
97
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
93
no
no
92
92
no
no
93
no
no
no
no
93
93
no
92
97 1
95
108
108
97
97
95
99
92
108
108
108
108
108
108
108
108
93
108
108
92
108
•108
108
96
Chrome violet CBD
108
Celliton blue B
Chrome violet CG
727
195
96
Celliton fast blue B
92
Celliton fast blue 2B
Chromochlorine G
1 108
Celliton fast pink F3B..
441
93
Celliton fast red violet R
Chromocitronine 3R
108
Celliton fast violet B..
Chromocvanine B
888
888
888
98
Celliton fast yellow R
98
Celliton fast yellow 2R
98
Celliton orange R
108
Celliton pink R
108
Celliton red R
rhroiiioi)henino FKN
108
Celliton yellow 3G
762
762
96
Ceres blue I '..
96
Ceres yellow VI
\ 109
Chestnut brown
t 109
Chicago blue B
oie
109
Chicago red III.
109
Chloramine blue HW
591
436
Chromoxane brilliant violet SB
109
Chloramine brilliant red 8B cone
Chromoxane brown 5R
109
Chloramine fast orange G
Chromoxane pure blue B
720
95
Chloramine fast orange 2G
109
Chloramine fast orange R
21
92
Chloramine fast yellow B
814
105
Chloramine light grav B
Ciba brown R
Ciba brown 2R
Cilta orange G
ril)ii ])iiik B
1187
"1236"
1207
102
Chloramine light violet R
105
Chloramine orange G_
621
382
382
436
102
Chloramine red B.. _
102
Chloramine red 3B
Ciba pink BG
105
Chloramine red 8BS
Ciba red 3B
1212
1226
1229
1228
1222
102
Chloramine light violet R
Ciba red G
102
Chloramine violet R .
Ciba red R
102
Chloramine yellow FF
814
102
Chlorantine brown Y ..
Ciba violet B
102
Chlorantine fast blue 2GL..-
Ciba violet BL ......._
105
Chlorantine fast blue 40L
Ciba violet RL .
105
Chlorantine fast blue 8GL... _..
Ciba yellow G.._
Cibacete diazo black B
1196
102
Chlorantine fast Bordeaux 2BL _
113
Chlorantine fast brown BRL . .
Cibacete navv blue 3R
113
Chlorantine fast brown 3RL
Cibacete orange 3G
Cibacete orange 2R_
Cibacete red 3B .-.
113
Chlorantine fast grav B _.
403
113
Chlorantine fast green B
113
Chlorantine fast orange 2RL
Cibacete red OR
113
Chlorantine fast red 5BL .. .
278
278
Cibacete sapphire blue G_.
113
Chlorantine fast red 7BL
113
Chlorantine fast violet 5BL .
113
Chlorantine fast violet 2RL ...
Cibacete violet 2R
Cibacete vellow 3G
113
Chlorantine fast vellow 4GL
349
113
Chlorantine fast yellow RL
Citiacete vellow R
Cit)acete yellow 2R
Cibanone black B '
Cibanone black BB
""1172"
1102
1172
1115
1173
1113
113
Chlorazol drab RH
113
Chlorazol fast brown RK _
101
Chlorazol fast eosine B
100
Chlorazol fast heliotrope BK
319
319
Cibanone black 2G . . .
101
Chlorazol fast helio 2RK
100
Cibanone blue 3G _!
101
Chlorazol fast red KX-
278
884
721
Cibanone blue GCD._
100
Chromacetine blue S .
105
Chromal blue (iC
Cibanone brown B _.
Cibanone brown B2R,.. '
1171
101
Chromanol black RVI
105
105
879
879
723
1085
171
Cibanone deep blue BO . ...'
105
Chromazurine G
Cibanone golden orange G _ '.
105
Chrome azurol S_
Cibanone green B '
1174
101
105
Chrome brown RV^V
Ciballciiie olive B
1175
101
Chrome corinth L
105
Chrome deep brown RRN ...
Cilianone (irange R__
1169
101
105
105
Chrome fast pbosphirie B
Cibanone red 4 B .
105
105
Cloth fast blue B...
289
92
Cloth fast brown 5 R _ _
103
441
103
103
Cloth fast red 3B
103
40
Cloth fast violet R
103
Cloth fast yellow G._
103
Cloth red 30
256
92
Colonial blue R .
109
Chrome violet.
727
Columbia catechine 3B 1
110
INDEX TO TABLE OF DYE IMPORTS
Index to table of dye imports — Continued
119
Name of dye
Columbia catechine G
Congo orange O
Congo orange R
Congo rubine BQ
Coriphosphine OX extra.
Cotonerol A
Cotton pink ON
Cotton red 4BX
Cotton red 4BXA
Cotton scarlet extra
Cotton yellow G extra
Cotton yellow GX extra..
Crystal orange
Crystal violet extra pdr..
Crystal violet P
Cupranil brown R
Cyanine B
Cyanol extra ,
Cyanol FF
D
Danubia blue BX
Deltapurpurine 5B
Developed blue
Developed brilliant green 3G...
Developed brilliant orange GR.
Developed brilliant orange 5G..
Developed brown 3G
Developed brown 6G
Developed fast violet BL
Developed sky blue B_.
Developed sky blue 3GL
Developed violet BL
Developing black OT
Developing blue B..
Developing blue 4R
Diamine azo brown SO
Diamine azo fast violet R
Diamine azo green 3G
Diamine azo yellow 2G
Diamine brilliant scarlet S
Diamine brilliant violet 2R
Diamine catechine B
Diamine catechine G..
Diamine catechine SG...
Diamine dark green N
Diamine fast Bordeaux 6BS
Diamine fast brown CF
Diamine fast brown 3G
Diamine fast brown GBB
Diamine fast brown R
Diamine fast orange EG
D iamine fast orange E R
Diamine fast scarlet 4BS
Diamine fast scarlet 8BS
Diamine fast scarlet GG
Diamine fast violet FFBN
Diamine jet black 00.
Diamine jet black SS
Diamine orange B
Diamine orange F
Diamine rose BD
Diamine scarlet SB
Diamine sky blue FF
Diamine yellow N
Diamineral blue B
Diaminogen extra
Diaminogen blue GG
Diaminogen blue NA
Diamond magenta I
Dianil fast violet BL
Diazamine blue BR..
Diazanil scarlet 3BA
Diazo black VG
Diazo brUliant black V.
Diazo brilliant blue 2BL
Diazo brilliant green 3G
Diazo brilliant orange 5G
Diazo brilliant orange GR
Colour
Index
No.
377
459
376
787
131
448
448
252
346
346
27
681
681
597
713
715
715
913
451
325
594
327
321
325
544
409
459
128
382
518
488
316
317
316
677
449
Name of dye
324
110
93
93
93
96
110
92
93
93
92
93
93
92
95
95
94
95
95
95
93
110
HI
93
111
111
111
111
111
HI
111
93
110
110
111
111
111
111
111
93
111
HI
111
94
111
111
111
111
111
HI
111
93
111
93
93
111
94
93
93
92
93
94
94
93
93
111
93
95
111
93
HI I
HI
93
HI
111
111
93
Diazo brilliant scarlet 6B..
Diazo brOliant scarlet BG
Diazo brOliant scarlet 2BL
Diazo brilliant scarlet G.
Diazo brilliant scarlet S8B
Diazo brilliant scarlet ROA
Diazo brown BW
Diazo brown G
Diazo brown 6G
Diazo brown 3K
Diazo brown 3HB
Diazo fast black SD
Diazo fast black VB
Diazo fast blue 2BW
Diazo fast blue 6GW...
Diazo fast blue4RW
Diazo fast Bordeaux BL
Diazo fast green BL.
Diazo fast red 7BL
Diazo fast violet BL
Diazo fast violet 3RL
Diazo fast yellow 2G
Diazo fast yellow 3RI>
Diazo green 3G
Diazo indigo blue 4GL
Diazo indigo blue R
J)iazo indigo blue 2RL
Diazo olive G
Diazo rubine B...
Diazo sky blue B
Diazo sky blue 3G...
Diazo sky blue 3GL...
Diazol brilliant orange NJN
Diazol light red N8B
Diazophenyl black V
Diphene blue B
Diphine blue R
Diphenyl brown BBNC
Diphenyl brown GS...
Diphenyl catechine G
Diphenyl dark green BC
Diphenyl fast blue 2GLN
Diphenyl fast blue 4GL
Diphenyl fast Bordeaux BC
Diphenyl fast bronze B
Diphenyl fast brown GF
Diphenyl fast brown GNC
Diphenyl fast gray BC...^
Diphenyl fast yellow GL supra.
Diphenyl fast yellow RL supra.
Diphenvl pure yellow 5G..
Direct brilliant blue 6BR
Direct brilliant blue 8B
Direct brilliant yellow KG
Direct catechine 3G
Direct cutch brown GR.
Direct cutch brown N.
Direct fast blue 8GL
Direct fast brown 3GL-
Direct fast brown RL..
Direct fast gray BL
Direct fast heliotrope BL
Direct fast heliotrope 4BL
Direct fast yellow GL
Direct fast yellow RL
Direct gray R
Direct red 12B
Direct safranine RW
Direct sky blue 8G
Direct sky blue H
Discharge blue B.
Dispersol yellow 3G
Duranol black
Duranol blue O.
Duranol brilliant blue G
Duranol orange G
Duranol red 2B
Duranol red G
Duranol violet 2R
Duranol yellow
Colour
Index
No.
324
324
532
654
595
851
851
598
628
629
403
632
632
710
319
873
7709—28-
-9
120 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHEK SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Index to table of dye imports — ^Continued
Name of dye
E
Eosine extra -
Ergan yellow aOS
Eridan brilliant scarlet B
Erika B extra
Erika2GN
Erio anthracene brown R
Erio fast brilliant violet BR
Erio fast brown R
Erio fast fuciisine BL
Erio fast yellow AE -
Erio green B supra --
Eriochromal brown AEB
Eriochromal brown G
Eriochrome azurol BC
Eriochrome black A
Eriochrome blue S
Eriochrome blue SE
Eriochrome brilliant violet B supra.
Eriochrome brown SWN
Eriochrome cyanine RC
Eriochrome flavine A
Eriochrome geranol R --
Eriochrome phosphine RR
Eriochrome red B
Eriochrome red G
Eriochrome verdone S.
Eriochrome violet 3B--
Eriocyanine AC
Erioglaucine AP
Erioglaucine EP ---
Erioglaucine supra
Erioglaucine X high cone
Erioviridine B supra
Erythrine 7BX
Ery throsine
Ethyl violet-
Euchrysine 3RX
Colour
Index
No.
768
130
126
757
758
11
735
720
204
722
219
157
652
Fast acid blue B 733
Fast acid eosine G 756
Fast acid green extra bluish 691
Fast acid green BB
Fast acid marine blue HBBX
Fast acid pink B
Fast acid violet R. 758
Fast chrome green BN.
Fast cotton blue FFG..
Fast cotton brown 4RL
Fast cotton corinth B_.
Fast cotton gray BL...
Fast cotton gray GL...
Fast cotton gray VL . . .
Fast cotton rubine 5B..
Fast cotton violet 4R...
Fast cotton yellow RL.
Fast green extra blue shade 691
Fast green extra bluish 691
Fast green G
Fast jasmine G
Fast lake yellow G
Fast light red G
Fast light red R
Fast light vellow 2G 636
Fast light vellow 3G 636
Fast sulfon violet 5BS 32
Fast yellow extra 16
Fastusol red violet BBL
Fastusol violet BL
Fluorescent blue I 908
Fluorescent violet B
Formal fast black O
Foulard discharge blue B_
Foulard discharge green BL...
Fouramine A 875
Fur black DF.. 875
Fur black DG. 875
Fur blue black A... 875
Fur blue black SB .1 875
Fur brown NZ ! 875
699
671
671
671
671
667
286
773
682
788
96
169
106
92
92
109
96
103
96
92
96
109
109
95
92
109
109
109
109
95
92
109
92
94
109
92
109
95
94
94
94
94
94
92
96
95
96
96
95
103
103
103
96
109
112
112
112
112
112
112
112
112
110
95
95
98
103
115
103
103
94
94
92
92
112
112
98
103
112
109
109
Name of dye
Fur brown NZD
Fur brown P
Fur brown 2R
Fur brown 4R
Fur brown SK
Fur brown SO
Fur brown SP
Fur dye SC
Fur gray AL
Fur gray ALA
Fur gray B
Fur gray G
Fur gray brown SLA...
Fur olive DA
Fur olive 3G
Fur red brown 6R
Fur yellow brown A
Fur yellow brown 2GA.
Furrol gray G
Fuscamine G
G
Oallamine blue extra..
Oallazine No. 90
G alio fast black
Gallo navy blue 2GD.
Gallo navy blue S
Gallophenine P
Geranine G
Gloria black B
Grasol blue G
Grasol blue R
Grasol orange G
Grasol orange 2R
Grasol red B
Grasol red G
Grasol scarlet G
Grasol scarlet 2G
Grasol yellow R
Grasol yellow 2R
Gray black
Grelanone blue RZ...
Grelanone brown B...
Grelanone brown RR.
Grelanone olive B
Grelanone orange R..
Grelanone red 2B
Grelanone red SBR...
Guinea brown R
Guinea fast green B . .
Guinea fast red BL...
Guinea fast red 2BL..
Guinea fast red 2R...
Guinea light blue A..
Guinea rubine 4R
H
97
I Half-wool blue 3R
Hansa yellow G -- -
II ansa yellow 5G..- -
Hansa yellow lOG
Hansa yellow 3R
Hansa yellow 2GR
Hansa yellow GA .-
Hansa yellow GSA..
Helindone blue B
Helindone blue 3R.
Helindone brown G
Helindone fast scarlet C.
Helindone fast scarlet G
Hilindone fast scarlet R .-.
Helindone green G
Helindone orange R
Helindone pink AN
Helindone pink BN
Helindone printing black RD
Helindone red B -I 1209
Helindone violet R 1219
Helindone yellow IFFRK
Helindone vellow 3GN --I 1138
INDEX TO TABLE OF DYE IMPORTS
Index to table of dye imports — Continued
121
Name of dye
Ilelindone yellow RN.._
Helindone yellow 3RN..
Helio Bordeaux BL
Helio fast blue BL
Helio fast pink RL
Helio fast rubine 2BL
Helio fast rubine 4BL
Helio fast scarlet AR
Helio fast yellow H lOO.
Helio marine 2QL
Helio red RMT
Hydron blue G
Hydron blue R
Hydron brown G
Hydron brown R
Hydron green O
Hydron navy blue C
Hydron olive GN
Hydron orange RF
Hydron pink FF
Hydron scarlet 3B
Hydron violet B
Hvdron violet BF
Hydron violet BBF
Hydron violet R -_-
Hydron violet RF
Hydron yellow GG
Hydron yellow NF
Hydron yellow brown G.
Colour
Index
No.
971
U02
1114
1113
1110
1109
1111
llOS
1106
1146
I
Icvl blue G
Icyl blue black 6B
Icyl brown G
Icyl orange G
Icyl violet B
Ignamine orange 3G
Ignamine orange R
Ignamine orange RR.,
Immedial brown W
Immedial yellow olive 5G
Indant hrene black
Indanthnue blue BCD
Indanthrene hhic GCD.._
Iniianfhrene blue GGSZ
Indanthrene blue 3G
Indanthrene blue 5G
Indanthiene blue RK
Indanthrene blue RS
Indanthrene blue RZ
Indanthrene Bordeaux B
Indanthrene brilliant blue. ---'
Indanthrene brilliant orange RK '
Indanthrene brilliant violet 3B j
Indanthrene briliant violet RK 1135
Indanthrene feriliant violet RR 1104
Indanthrene briliant violet 4R !
Indanthrene brown B I 1120
Indanthreiu' brown G j 1152
Indanthrene brown 20 '
Indanthiene brown GR j 1149
Indanthrene brown R j 1151
Indanthrene corinth RK i 1144
Indanthrene dark blue BO [ 1099
Indanthrene golden orange Q-- _' 1096
Indantlirene golden orange 3G I
Indanthrene golden orange RRT
Indanthrene golden orange 3R i
Indant hrene gray !_
Indanthrene gray 6B j 1213
Indanthrene gray K j 1145
Indanthrene green i
Indanthrene green BB 1116
Indant hrene kha ki i
Indanthrene olive R I 1150
Indanthrene orange RRK 1136
Indanthrene orange 4R
Indanthrene pink B
Indanthrene printing black BR. .
Indanthrene red
Indanthrene red R
106
106
115
115
115
115
115
115
115
115
115
98
98
106
106
106
106
106
102
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
113
113
113
113
113
93
93
93
114
114
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
106
101
106
106
106
101
100
106
100
101 i
106
101
101
101
100
99
106
106
107
107
102
101
107
100
107
101
101
107
107
107
107
101
Name of dye
Indanthrene red RK
Indanthrene red brown R
Indanthrene red violet RRK.
Indanthrene violet B
Indanthrene violet BN
Indanthrene violet R
Indanthrene violet RR
Indanthrene yellow FFRK...
Indanthrene yellow O
Indanthrene yellow GK
Indigo carmine blue FF
Indigo MLB/fiB
Indigo (natural) - - .
Indigo pure RB paste
Indigo white paste
Indigosol AZG
Indigosol HB.
Indigosol O..
Indigosol 04B
Indigosol OR
Indigosol black IB„
Indigosol black TB
Indigosol orange H R
Indigosol pink HR
Indigosol pink IR
Indigosol red HR
Indigosol scarlet HB _..
Indigosol violet AZB
Indigosol yellow HCG...
Indocarbon CL
Indocarbon SN..
Indochromine RR...
Indocyanine B
Indocyanine FF
Induline NN.-_
Ink blue BITN
Ink blue BITBN _
Ink fast black A extra
Intensive blue B
lonamine A,.
lonamine L
lonamine red KA
Iris violet extra
Irisamine G
J
Janus red B
Janus yellow
Japan black MBG..
Jasmine, high. cone..
Katigene chrome blue 5G.
Katigene indigo CLGG...
Kiton blue A
Kiton blue L
Kiton fast green V...
Kiton fast red 4BL
Kiton fast red R..
Kiton fast violet lOB
Kiton fast yellow 3G
Kryogene violet 3RX
Lake green FE
Lake red C _ _
Lake yellow G
Lanasol blue R
Lanasol orange 2R
Lanasol violet R___
Leather brown 5RTX
Leather yellow GC
Light green SF yellowish XX.
Lithol fast orange
Lithol fast rubine
Lithol fast scarlet..
M
Colour
Index
No.
1162
1161
1105
1163
1103
1104
1118
1132
1186
124"
1183
1178
931
861
707
707
733
Magenta AB.
Magenta S
847
753
266
236
714
671
735
696
645
165
"me
793
670
677
692
122 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Index to table of dye imports — Continued
Name of dye
Malta gray J
Meldola's blue 3R
Metachrome blue black 2BX
Metaehrome brilliant blue BL
Metachrome brilliant blue 8RL
Metachrome brown 6G
Metachrome olive 2G
Metachrome olive brown G
Metachrome orange R
Metaehrome red G.._
Metachrome violet B
Metachrome violet 2R
MetanilrcdSB
Methyl Lyons blue
Methyl violet
Methyl violet NFB.
Methyl violet 300 XE
Methylene blue
Methylene blue B...
Methylene blue BGF
Methylene blue NS
Methylene gray
Methylene green G
Methylene heliotrope extra strong. .
Methylene violet 3RA extra ._ _
Milling brown R
Milling orange G
Milling red 4B-\
Milling red 6BA
Milling red NJ
Milling red T._
Milling violet B._
Milling violet R
Milling yellow GA
Milling yellow 30
Milling yellow H3G
Milling yellow O
Mimosa Z cone
Minaxo black BBNX
Minaxo blue 4BX
Minaxo light pink BX
Minaxo light pink BBX
Minaxo red 3BX
Modern az-urine 5G
Modern black N
Modern blue CVI
Modern brown (DH)
Modern cyanine N...
Modern cyanine V
Modern green N
Modern olive JN
Modern violet
Mordant yellow GS
Moti orange R..
N
NakoB-._.
Nako black D
NakoDFN... _.
NakoDG
NakoDMG
NakoDR
NakoER
Nako3GA
Nako3GN
lSrako4G
NakoP
KakoPS
NakoR
NakoRHG
Nako3R
NakoSRSC
Nako black C.
Nako black DD...
Nako red O
Naphthalene green V._.
Naphthalene green NV.
Naphthogene blue B
Naphthol black BGN..
Naphthol yellow SXX.
Colour
Index
No.
873
909
104
40
173
706
680
680
680
922
922
922
922
873
924
845
842
813
508
884
875
875
875
875
875
875
875.
875
875
875
875
875
875
875
875
875
875
875
875
735
735
97
98
109
109
109
109
109
92
92
109
92
109
104
95
95
95
95
97
98
97
97
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
97
112
94
112
112
93
98
109
109
109
97
97
109
109
98
92
92
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
96
96
112
104
92
Name of dye
Neolan black GG
Neolan blue 2G
Neolan blue RR
Neolan Bordeaux R
Neolan green LBN
Neolan oninge G
Neolan orange R
Neolan pink B
Neolan red R
Neolan verdon B
Neolan violet R
Neolan violet brown B . .
Neolan yellow R
Nejitune green SGX
Neutral gray G.
Neutral gray NY
New blue RS
New claret RX
New fast gray
New methylene blue N..
New methylene blue NS.
New victoria blue B
Night blue ._.
Nigrosine T
Nile blue BX
Nitrosamine red paste
Novazol acid blue BL
Novazol acid blue GL
Novazol blue B..
Novazol violet B
Colour
Index
No.
Page
667
267
873
927
927
728
731
865
913
44
:o
Oil green ALB
Oil red
Oil Vermillion
Omega chrome brown EB.
Omega chrome brown G...
Omega chrome red B cone.
Onis B
Onis3B
Onis 5B
Opal blue, bluish
Orange extra paste
Orange S
Oxamine acid brown O
Oxamine black
Oxamine blue 4BX
Oxamine light pink
Oxamine red 3I5X
Oxychrome brown V
Oxydiamine black N
Oxydiamine black SOOO..,
Oxydiamine black ITS
Oxydiamine brown KBBS.
707
"iso'
508
"425"
"538"
Palatine black SF
Palatine fast blue B
Palatine fast blue BR
Palatine fast blue GO
Palatine fast brown BRRNO.
Palatine fast claret RNX
Palatine fast green BL
Palatine fast orange GN
Palatine fast orange R
Palatine fast pink —
Palatine fast yellow
Paper fast Bordeaux B
Paper red A —
Para green BBL
Para orange G
Para rosaniline base
Para yellow R
Paradone direct black BG
Paradone direct black RBP...
Paradone gray B
Paranil Bordeaux B
Paranil brown R
Paranil green B
676
INDEX TO TABLE OF DYE IMPORTS
Index to table of dye imports— Continued
123
Name of dye
797
789
797
902
902
904
778
793
793
788
Paranil green G.. ----
Parasulfon brown v ---
Patent black N
Patent blue A
Patent blue V .--
Patent phosphine O-
Patent phosphine 20-------
Patent phosphine GKN IJN
Patent phosphine R----
Patent phosphine RKJJJt
Phenocyanine h
Phenocyanine VS
Phenocyanine TV
Phloxine ---
Phosphine O — ---
Phosphine 3R
Phosphine orange
Pigment green B
Pilatus fast blue B
Pilatus fast blue BR — --
Pilatus fast blue GO----
Pilatus fast claret RNX--
Pilatus fast green BL -.-
Pilatus fast orange ON
Pilatus fast orange R
Pilatus fast pink B --
Pilatus fast pink G 1
Pilatus fast red R - ,
Pilatus fast yellow G - '
Pilatus fast yellow GK ]
Pink R extra -
Pluto black G - ,-
Pluto brown GG i
Polar brilliant red B
Polar gray- - 1
Polar orange R -
Polar red B - -
Polar red 3B - -.^^
Polar red G - | *^"
Polar red R--- 1%^
Polar red RS - , *"*"
Polar yellow 2G - -"Hh'
Polar yellow 5G - — i ^^^
Polar yellow R------ f'^Qn'
Polyphenyl blue GG -- } »»"
Ponceau 3R - 1 °"
Poseidon blue BA-- | ' j^
Poseidon blue BOX — ! 712
Poseidon blue BR extra-- — -l "4
Poseidon blue BXX ---^ {{*
Poseidon green SGX. - -j oo/
Poseidon green \ GGX '<>a
Pure wool blue J "in^7
Purpurine ' ^""^^
Pyramine orange 3G
Pyramine orange R
Pyramine orange RR
Pyrazol orange G --
Pyrazol orange R
Pyrogene blue green B
Pyrogene brown G
Pyrogene cutch 2R^-
Pyrogene green GK
Pyrogene green 3G-.
PjTogene pure blue csuij
Pyrogene pure blue 2RL
1006
Quinoline yellow (spirit soluble) 800
Quinoline yellow 1 °"{
Quinoline yellow cone ] »^i
Quinoline yellow extra
Quinoline yellow KT extra cone
R
802
Radio chrome blue B--
Radio navy blue B
Rapid fast blue B
Rapid fast orange RQ-
Name of dye
Colour 1
Index 1
No.
70
796
749
Rapid fast orange RH
Rapid fast pink LB
Rapid fast red B
Rapid fast red GL paste
Rapid fast red GZ
Rapid fast red LB 1""266
Red JB 7Q
Red ponceau R '
Red violet extra paste-
Rheonine AL ■
Rhodamine B cone I ''^
Rhodamine B extra-- '*^
Rhodamine G extra -— '^"
Rhodamine 6G conc- --- 'Jl^
Rhodamine 6G extra i '^^
Rhodamine 6GDN
Rhodamine 6GH - ""'743
Rhodamine S '
Rhodamine blue 6B-
Rhodamine scarlet G
Rhodamine stearate -
Rhoduline blue 5B
Rhoduline blue6G------
Rhoduline orange NO -
Rhoduline yellow 6G. ---
Rosanthrene 3BN
Rosanthrene R
Rosanthrene Bordeaux B--------
Rosanthrene brilliant red BK---
Rosanthrene fast red 7BL
Rosanthrene orange R —
Rosanthrene violet 5R •
Rosinduline 2B bluish. — •
Rosolane extra strong
Runic AL cone
789
1118
93
93
93
94
94
114
114
114
114
98
114
114
109
104
114
114
Saba phosphine S conc-
Safranine stearate
Safranine Y
Salicine orange 2R. -------
Sandothrene yellow NG
Selan printing brown 3R
Setacyl direct blue G -- --
Setacyl direct blue 2Gb
Setacvl direct blue R---
Setacvl direct orange G-- j
Setacyl direct orange 2R.- -]
Setacyl direct pink 3B i
Setacvl direct red B-. ]
Setacyl direct violet R i"""663'
Setocyanine 1 g^g
Setoglaucine - i gg,
Setopaline ^r,^
Silk blue BSIC - 1 ™'
Silk blue BT5B -fVoi
Silk red ST ''^^
Silk yellow R
Silver gray P
Sky blue N
Solamine gray VL- ,
Solid blue S------ °?1
I Soluble blue I old- ']>'
Soluble blue 5R '"'
Soluble blue T ---i-V """" 707
1 Soluble blue, green shade 1 1 '"/
1 Sorrel red X
i Special violet B
i Spirit blue
Stanley red ---^
i Stilbeae yellow 3GX
Stone fast orange RN
I Stone fast scarlet G •
Stone rubine BN..- —
Stone rubine G
Straw blue G.-- -
I Sulfide new blue BL
II Sulfide new blue GL
1 Sulfide violet RR
1 Sulfide violet V
865
54
1080
224
622
114
114
114
92
114
114
92
92
113
96
96
96
96
96
96
114
114
96
114
114
115
114
94
96
97
112
112
112
112
112
112
112
97
97
%
96
115
114
109
100
104
113
113
113
113
113
113
113
113
94
94
94
95
112
92
104
97
112
112
97
95
95
95
95
92
99
115
92
94
115
115
115
115
114
114
114
114
114
124 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Index to table of dye imports — Continued
Name of dye
Sulfo rhodamine B extra.
Sulfo rhodamine G
Sulf on orange G _ - .
Sulfon yellow 50
Sulfou yellow R_
Sulfoncyanine G
Sulfur blue
Sulfur brown CI./4R
Supramine black BR
Supraiaine blue FB
Supramine blue R
Supramine Bordeaux B..
Supramine brown G
Supramine brown R
Supramine red B
Supramine red 3B .,
Supramine red R..
Supramine violet B
Supramine yellow G
Supramine yellow 3G
Supramine yellow R
Tannoflavine T
Tartrazine
Tero brown FR
Tero brown FRR
Tero brown F3R.
Tero brown F4R
Tero carmine FB
Tero red FG
Thiazine red RXX
Thio violet 5R
ThioflavineT
Thioindigo black B...
Thioindigo orange R
Thioindigo red 3B_
Thioindigo rose RN
Thioindigo scarlet 2G
Thioindigo violet 2B
Thioindigo violet R _.
Thioindone scarlet BB
Thional brilliant blue 6B..
Thional brilliant green 2G.
Thional brilliant green 6G.
Thionine blue G
Thionine blue GC
Thionine blue GO
Thionol brown O ._
Thionol brown C L4R
Thionol brown R
Thionol green B
Thionol green 20...
Thionol yellow GR
Toluidine blue
Toluylene fast orange LX.
Tolu yleue yellow G
Toluylene red _
Triazogene orange R
Triazoi fast brown 3GL
Triazol light orange 2RL..
Trisulfon bronze BG_
Trisulfon brown B
Trisulfon brown 2G
Turquoise blue O
Typophor black FB._
Typophor brown
Ultra Corinth B
Ultra cyanol B
Ultra orange R
Universal dark blue C
Universal dark brown C.
Universal dark green C...
Universal green C
Universal jet black C
Universal scarlet C
Ursol
Utopia brilliant green B..
Utopia brilliant green 6G.
Colour
Index
No.
748
815
640
225
815
1217
1212
1228
1219
1006
926
926
925
436
649
561
577
661
578
420
593
448
875
Page
104 I
105
105
105
92
114
114
105
105
105
105
105
105 ;
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
97
94
115
115
115
115
115 I
115 I
92
114 j
97 I
107 I
102 !
102 j
107
102
102
107 j
108 I
114 I
98 i
114 I
114
114
114
114
114
114
98
112
112
93
94
112
112
112
94
94
94
115
115
109
109
109
94
93
94
112
112
93
97
114
114
Name of dye
V
Vat black BB
Vat black BGA
Vat blue BCD
Vat blue BCS
Vat blue BCSO
Vat blue BO
Vat blue BOA.
Vat blue GCD
Vat blue GCDN
Vat blue GGSZ__
Vat blueSG
Vat blueSG
Vat blue RK
Vat blue RS
Vat blue RSN
Vat blue RSP
Vat blue I?Z__..
Vat blue green B
Vat brilliant blue 3G
Vat brilliant blue R
Vat brilliant orange RK
Vat brilliant pink R
Vat brilliant violet RK
Vat brilliant violet RR
Vat brilliant violet RRP
Vat brilliant violet 4R
Vat brown B (GrE)
Vat brown G (M)
Vat brown BR
Vat brown G ._
Vat brown 2G
Vat brown GR
Vat brown IGR..
Vat brown R
Vat brown RT
Vat brown WM
Vat corinth RK
Vat dark blue BO
Vat dark blue BOA
Vat golden orange G
Vat golden orange 3G
Vat golden vellow GK
Vat gray 3B
Vat gray 6B
Vat gray GK
Vat gray K
Vat gray RRH
Vat green BB
Vat green G.
Vat green 2G
Vat khaki GG
Vat olive B
Vat olive R
Vat orange RRK_-
Vat orange RRT
Vat orange RRTS
Vat orange 3R
Vat orange 4R _
Vat pink B
Vat printing black BR
Vat printing brown GN
Vat printing brown R
Vat printing deep black BD.
Vat printing violet RF
Vat red BK
Vat red BN_ _..
Vat red FF....
Vat red GG....
Vat red R
Vat red RK
Vat red RKP _
Vat red brown R
Vat red brown 5RF
Vat red violet RH
Vat red violet RRK
Vat red violet RRN
Vat (Hydron) scarlet 3B
Vat (Helindune) scarlet R...
Vat violet B paste
Vat violet 2B
Colour
Index
Page
No.
1102
100
1102
100
1114
100
1114
100
1114
100
1099
100
1099
100
1113
100
1113
100
1110
100
1109
100
1111
100
1108
100
1106
100
1106
100
1106
100
1135
1104
1104
1152
1227
1151
1152
1149
1149
1151
1144
lOl'O
1099
1096
1213
1145
1145
1116
1150
1150
1136
1162
1133
1133
1162
1162
1212
1161
1161
1218
1105
1219
INDEX TO TABLE OF DYE IMPORTS
Index to table of dye imports — Continued
125
Name of dye
Vat (Qrelanone) violet 3B..
Vat violet BN...
Vat violet R_
Vat violet RR
Vat violet RRP
Vat yellow FFRK
Vat yellow G
Vat yellow GC
Vat yellow GF
Vat yellow 3GF
Vat yellow GGK
Vat yellow GK_
Vat vellow 3GN
Vat yellow GP.
Vat yellow GPO
Vat yellow RK (Helindone yellow
RN). _.._
Vat yellow 3RT
Vat yellow brown 3G
Vatamine scarlet 2B
Very superior pink AA
Victoria blue B
Victoria blue R
Victoria blue 4R
Victoria pure blue BO
Violet (for ink pencil) BB
Violet B extra
Violet red HR
W
Water blue
Whitex washing blue.
Wool black GRF
Wool black N
Wool blue 5B
Wool blue G extra
Wool blue R
Wool fast blue BL
Wool fast blue GL....
Wool fast blue BR....
Wool fast brown 3R . .
Colour
Index
No.
1134
1163
1103
1104
1104
1118
1095
1132
1138
729
728
690
729
680
707
736
833
833
1088
101
101
100
100
100
107
100
99
106
106
108
100
101
107
107
106
106
108
108
115
96
96
95
96
95
113
115
95
115
105
105
105
96
106
97
97
99
105
Name of dye
Wool
Wool
Wool
Wool
Wool
Wool
Wool
Wool
Wool
fast orange O . .
fast red 3B
fast scarlet R . _
fast violet B...
fast yellow 5G.
fast yellow R..
green S
vat blue B
vat brown 3R.
Xantho
I Xylene
! Xylene
Xylene
Xylene
I Xylene
i Xylene
Xylene
Xylene
Xylene
Xylene
Xylene
Xylene
Xylene
phosphine OR
blue AS cone
blue VS cone
brilliant blue FFRX.
cyanol FF cone
fast blue FF
fast green B cone
light yellow 2Q
milling blue AE
milling blue BL
milling blue QL
milling orange R
milling red B...
milling violet B
Yellow JG.
YeUow JR.
Yellow R.
Zambesi black D
Zambesi black F
Zambesi brown 4R
Zambesi pink B...
Zambesi pure blue 4BO.
Zambesi rubine B
Zapon blue G
Colour
Index
No.
487
276
833
737
789
673
672
715
735
639
833
833
833
833
236
236
Page
105
94
92
97
105
105
96
108
108
96
94
94
105
95
105
96
94
97
97
97
105
105
97
92
92
113
112
112
112
ll2
112
112
115
PART V
CENSUS OF SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS
OTHER THAN THOSE OF COAL-TAR ORIGIN
127
Part V
CENSUS OF SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS OTHER
THAN THOSE OF COAL-TAR ORIGIN, 1927
Introduction
Beginning with 1921 the Tariff Commission has compiled an annual
census of synthetic organic chemicals other than those of coal-tar
origin. This census has shown, wherever the figures could be pub-
lished without disclosing operations of the individual producer, the
quantity of production and the quantity and value of sales.
As the Bureau of the Census collects data for the more important
noncoal-tar organic compounds, the commission has not attempted
to gather statistics on such, except on a few compounds where the
importance of the chemical or conditions in the industry warranted a
departure from this practice. This report follows the precedent
established in 1921 of omitting certain types of compounds classifi-
able in three groups: (1) Aliphatic compounds derived from natural
sources by isolation, distillation, extraction, hydrolysis, or purifica-
tion. Examples of these are alkaloids, constituents of essential oils,
sugars, and acids such as stearic and tartaric. (2) Cyanides, cyanam-
ides, or carbides of metals or of inorganic radicals. (3) Products
obtainable from other sources.
LARGE INCREASE IN PRODUCTION
Expansion in the domestic production of aliphatic organic com-
pounds in the last few years has been unparalleled. Continued
progress in this field of chemistry will probably raise the United States
to a position comparable to that held by Germany before the war in
the manufacture of coal-tar chemicals. Raw materials used in the
manufacture of aliphatic chemicals are available in large quantities
in the United States; they include petroleum, natural gas, turpentme,
pine oil, corn, sulphur, wood cellulose, carbide, coke, chlorine, and
glycerin.
The production in 1927 of synthetic organic chemicals other than
those derived from coal tar was 280,992,825 pounds, an increase of
31 per cent over the output of 214,842,513 pounds in 1926. Sales
in 1927 amounted to 201,548,089 pounds, valued at $36,600,628.
The increase in the production of aliphatic compounds, from
21,500,000 poimds in 1921 to more than 13 times that quantity in
1927, is in sharp contrast to the increase in finished coal-tar chemicals
from 51,500,000 pounds to less than 3 times that quantity. The
value of the production of synthetic organic chemicals of noncoal-tar
origin in 1927 was approximately $51,000,000, as compared with a
129
130 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
value of S61, 000,000 for the finished coal-tar chemicals in the same
year.
Aliphatic chemicals are used as solvents, medicinals, perfumes,
flavors, rubber accelerators, flotation agents, photographic develop-
ers, and explosives.
Important chemicals of this group showing increased production
in 1927 are:
(1) Ethylene glycol, used in making low-freezing dynamites and
derivatives for lacquer solvents.
(2) Acetaldehyde and derivatives, used in the manufacture of
rubber accelerators.
(3) Amyl and butyl alcohol, used in the preparation of esters for
lacquer solvents.
(4) Ethyl chloride — a refrigerant.
(5) Furfural, used in the manufacture of synthetic resms.
(6) Synthetic methanol.
(7) Tetraethyl lead.
SOLVENTS
Progress in the manufacture of solvents is largely due to their
increased consumption by the lacquer and pyroxylin plastic indus-
tries. The production of nitrocellulose varnishes and thinners in
1927 was 29,000,000 gallons, or 6,000,000 more than in 1926.
The domestic production of nitrocellulose varnishes or lacquers in
1927 is shown in Table 35.
Table 35.-
-Pyroxylin {nitrocellulose) varnishes or lacquers: Production and sales,
1927^
Production
Sales
Clear lacquers
Lacquer enamels
Thinners for nitrocellulose lacquers
Other
Total nitrocellulose products.
Gallons
6, 601, 600
10, 503, 300
9, 637, 400
2, 545, 900
Gallons
6, 268, 100
10, 313, 400
9, 524, 100
2, 543, 800
29, 288, 200 28, 649, 400
' U. S. Department of Commerce.
Considering the solvents individually, the trend m production was
variable. Butyl acetate, butyl butyrate, amyl acetate, eth>l lactate,
but^d propionate, carbon tetrachloride, and isopropyl alcohol declined
in production in 1927; ether USP. showed virtually no change;
ethyl acetate (85 per cent), amyl and butyl alcohol, chloroform,
dibutyl phthalate, ethyl butj^rate, isopropyl acetate, and trichloro-
ethylene increased.
Several new solvents reported for the first time in 1927 were made
in large quantities. Among these were synthetic methanol and the
ethers of ethylene glycol.
Table 36 shows the domestic production of organic solvents of
noncoal-tar origin from 1924 to 1927, inclusive. Many solvents are
omitted from this table for the reason that their publication would
disclose the production of individual firms.
NONCOAL-TAR SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS
131
Table 36. — Organic solvents of noncoal-tar origin: Production in the United States,
1924-1927
Solvent
1924
1926
1927
Denatured alcohol '. proof gallons..
Methanol, refined 2 gallons..
Chloroform pounds..
Ether USP do-...
Ethyl acetate... do
Amyl acetate do
Butyl acetate.. .do
Butyl alcohol do
Amyl alcohol ..do
Carbon tetrachloride ' do
134, 736, 222
301, 492
314, 928
222, 761
514, 123
095, 662
250, 062
149, 654
275, 057
163, 603, 131
5, 870, 658
1, 305, 868
5, 355, 050
26, 678, 737
1, 338, 456
16, 472, 914
154, 990
16, 163, 104
199, 905, 750
7, 402, 715
1, 909, 660
5, 896, 016
43, 661, 465
2, 702, 015
27,240,117
< 43, 800, 000
565, 010
18, 998, 848
950,500
414, 154
855, 462
613, 532
388, 928
211,697
703, 844
550, 026
' Annual reports of Commissioner of Internal Revenue and of the Prohibition Commissioner.
2 Bureau of the Census. (Does not include synthetic methanol.)
3 Production as reported in the Boston News Bureau, Feb. 14, 1925.
< Estimated production. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, vol. 19, No. 1.
Amyl alcohol. — The production in 1927 of 2,703,844 pounds of amyl
alcohol was a large increase over the production of the previous
year. The sales price shows a decHne from 34.2 cents in 1926 to
26.3 cents in 1927.
Butfyl alcohol. — The output of butanol was much larger in 1927
than in 1926.
Butanol and acetone find wide appUcation in the nitrocellulose
and acetate cellulose industries, in the manufacture of celluloids,
lacquers, photographic and moving- picture films, patent and arti-
ficial leather, automobile finishes, airplane dope, and other products.
Brass and bronze works, furniture and varnish factories, oil refineries,
and the dye, drug, rayon, and textile industries all find ready use for
these important solvents.
In 1919 the Commercial Solvents Corporation purchased the
plant at Terre Haute, Ind., owned and operated jointly during the
war by the United States and British Governments primarily^or the
manufacture of acetone. With the sole license in the Uni tea States
and patent rights throughout the world to manufacture solvents
(chiefly butanol) by the Weizmann process. Commercial Solvents
operates plants at Terre Haute, Ind., and Peoria, 111., using corn
and coal as the principal raw materials for the products of the corpo-
ration.
Imports of butanol into the United States dropped from 2,152,000
pounds in 1925 to 205,000 in 1926 and to 31,751 pounds in 1927,
valued at S5,569.
Butyl acetate. —ThQ. 1927 output of butyl acetate was 26,304,243
pounds, a dechne of about one million pounds from 1926. Sales
were 13,565,527 pounds, valued at $2,796,9191. Imports of butyl
acetate from March, 1927, to May, 1928, inclusive, were 6,108,890
pounds, valued at $835,103.
Carbon tetrachloride. — This chemical is used as a dry cleaning
agent, as a solvent, and for extinguishing fires. The 1927 production
of 16,550,026 pounds is a decline of about two and one-half million
pounds from 1926. Sales were 16,969,652 pounds, valued at $1,049,-
759, or a unit value of 6.2 cents per pound as compared with 6 cents
in 1926.
Ether.— The output of ether USP. in 1927 was 5,855,462 pounds, of
which 4,695,699 pounds were sold for $1,432,321. The production of
ether for technical purposes decHned in 1927.
132 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Synthetic 7n6fAa7ioZ.— Methanol is used as a solvent in the pyroxyHn
plastics industry, in the preparation of dime thy laniHne, and in for-
maldehyde (one of the raw materials of sythetic resin, indigo, and
other products).
Except in special formulas 3a and 30, the use of synthetic methanol
as a denaturant is prohibited by regulations of the Prohibition
Bureau. Methanol obtained by wood distillation is generally used
for all denaturing purposes.
Synthetic methanol was produced in the United States in 1927 by
the Commercial Solvents Corporation and the Lazote Co., the former
using a by-product gas from the fermentation of corn. This gas,
containing 60 per cent carbon dioxide and 40 per cent hydrogen, is
treated to remove a certain percentage of the carbon dioxide and
the remaining mixture is converted into methanol in the presence of
a suitable catalyst under definite conditions of temperature and pres-
sure. The Lazote Co. uses hydrogen and carbon monoxide as raw
materials.
The manufacture of synthetic methanol, in common v/ith other
high-pressure gas processes, requires a large capital investment.
Imports of methanol since 1923 have been almost exclusively the
synthetic product originating in Germany. The duty on methanol
was increased by presidential proclamation, after an investigation
by the Tariff Commission, from 12 to 18 cents per gallon, effective
December 27, 1926. In 1927 imports of 1,714,692 gallons (valued
at $718,537) more than doubled the quantity imported in the pre-
ceding year.
ACETALDEHYDE AND DERIVATIVES
An important development during the war by the Canadian Electro
Products Co., of Shawinigan Falls, Canada, was the production of
acetaldehyde from acetylene. The commercial success of this proc-
ess depends partly upon cheap electric power for the production of
calcium carbide.
Acetylene gas generated from calcium carbide is passed rapidly
and with vigorous agitation through a solution of mercuric sulfate
in dilute sulfuric acid. The excess acetylene removes the acetalde-
hyde from contact with the acid solution to the condensing and scrub-
bing systems, where the acetylene is deprived of its acetaldehyde.
The acetaldehyde is rectified in column stills to yield a pure product.
Announcement was made in 1925 that the Union Carbide and
Carbon Corporation, the Shawinigan Water & Power Co., and the
Roessler & Hasslacher Chemical Co. had organized the Nicecet
Chemicals Corporation to engage in the manufacture of synthetic
chemicals from acetylene at Niagara Falls, N. Y. The location of a
plant at this point is advantageous because of the low-priced electric
power available and nearness to the source of raw material — acety-
lene — made by another plant.
Acetaldehyde and its polymer paraldehyde showed a large increase
in production in 1927 over 1926. Large quantities of acetaldehyde
and its derivatives are consumed in the manufacture of rubber
accelerators. Another use of acetaldehyde is as a raw material in the
manufacture of glacial acetic acid. Synthetic acetic acid will probably
offer increased competition to acetic acid distilled from wood.
NONCOAL-TAR SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS 133
Crotonaldehyde is produced in small quantities as a by-product of
the catalytic conversion of acetylene to acetaldehyde. Crotonalde-
hyde is used in the manufacture of synthetic chemicals including
butyraldehyde, and also as an ethyl alcohol denaturant. The produc-
tion of crotonaldehyde increased in 1927.
Butyraldehyde is made at the present time by the oxidation of
butyl alcohol. It can also be made by the synthesis of crotonalde-
hyde. The production of butyraldehyde increased in 1927. It is
used for the manufacture of butyric acid, which, in turn, is used in
making fruit esters.
Aldol showed an increased production in 1927 over 1926. It is
used to some extent as a flotation agent, and as an intermediate prod-
uct in the manufacture of crotonaldehyde. Aldol is a solvent for
cellulose acetate and a source of butadiene.
FURFURAL AND DERIVATIVES ^
Furfural was discovered more than a hundred years ago but only
during the past few years has it been made in commercial quantities.
It is an aldehyde and was first used commercially in the manufacture
of resins of the phenol-formaldeyhde type, to which it imparts valuable
properties. Furfural slowly darkens and resinifies, and penetrates
wood so deeply that it can not be held in wooden barrels. Both of
these properties, as well as its germicidal and fungicidal properties,
are of value in dressing wounds in trees. Furfural is also used as a
flavor in tobacco, and because of its solvent action, low toxicity,
and high power of penetration, is used in replacing aniline and nitro-
benzene as a solvent in shoe dyes and leather dressings. It is an excel-
lent solvent for nitrocellulose and would be used more extensively in
the lacquer industry if it did not darken in color when exposed to
light and air. Another use of interest is that of a fly repellant.
Furfural is made on a commercial scale from oat hulls available in
large quantities as a by-product in the manufacture of rolled oats.
The process of manufacture consists in hydrolyzing the oat hulls,
moistened with about 5 per cent sulfuric acid solution, by steam at
about sLxty pounds pressure, and distilling off the furfural.
Production shows a large increase in 1927 over 1926. Several
derivatives were reported in 1927, including furoic acid and furyl
alcohol.
ETHYLENE GLYCOL AND ITS DERIVATIVES
Ethylene glycol has been on the market for several years. New
uses are making it an important member of the group of synthetic
aliphatic chemicals. Its largest use is as a raw ingredient of low freez-
ing dynamites. Dinitrogl^^col not onl}^ lowers the freezing point of
trinitro-glycerin, but has other properties which make it especially
desirable for use in djniamite. In a recent publication^ nine million
pounds were given as an estimate of glycol used in dynamite in 1927.
Ethylene glycol is used as an antifreeze in automobile radiators. It
does not evaporate like alcohol. A number of ethers of ethjdene
glycol are used in the lacquer industry. They are excellent solvents
for nitrocellulose and are practically odorless, with no unpleasant
physiological effect when used indoors.
' Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, December, 1926, p. 1217.
' Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, April, 1928, p. 235.
134 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
TETRAETHYL LEAD
The production of tetraethyl lead increased considerably in 1927
over 1926. A small quantity of this lead compound mixed with gas-
oline in an automobile engine will decrease the reaction velocity of
combustion and so reduce the "knock" that it is possible to use an
engine of a higher compression ratio and obtain a greater mileage per
gallon of gasoline. Gasoline containing tetraethyl lead is widely used
throughout the United States and in foreign countries and its con-
sumption promises to increase.
FLAVORS AND PERFUMES
Vanillin production in 1927 was 301,251 pounds, a decUnefrom
1926 of 56,000 pounds. Sales were 316,038 pounds, valued at $2,070,-
775 or $6.55 a pound. Heliotropin also showed a decHne in production
from 22,764 pounds produced in 1926, although statistics for this
chemical can not be pubhshed for 1927. lonone, an important base
for violet odors, showed an increase in production from 20,517 pounds
in 1926 to 32,044 pounds in 1927. Sales in 1927 were 28,517 pounds,
valued at $132,989. Acetin (mono) and triacetin used as fixatives
for perfumes both showed a decrease in production. Citronellol
showed a large increase. The production was 7,826 pounds and the
sales 7,303 pounds, valued at $41,557. Rhodinol, with a production
of 2,237 pounds and sales of 1,934 pounds valued at $22,548 showed a
decrease. Other flavors and perfumes showing a decrease in produc-
tion were isoeugenol, isomenthol, terpineol, and terpinyl acetate.
XANTHATES ^
A total of 3,983,118 pounds of xanthates was used in 1926 for
treating the following ores:
Pounds
381,887
197,533
9, 185
166,839
Lead-zinc-iron
Zinz and lead-zinc .
Lead-copper-silver.
Miscellaneous
Pounds
Copper 3, 049, 625
Gold-silver 31,157
Silver-lead 11, 712
Lead 135,180
The total quantity of oils and reagents used for flotation in 1926
was 201,711,795 pounds, as compared with 81,666,967 pounds in
1925, The large quantity of all reagents used in 1926 is due to the
amount of lime (162,240,359 pounds) added in the alkahne circuits,
particularly in the mills treating copper ores; this accounts for the
larger tonnages.
In 1926 the total quantity of ore reported as being treated by
flotation was 50,889,254 tons, from which 3,353,120 tons of concen-
trates were obtained.
NEW PRODUCTS
Among the synthetic organic chemicals reported in 1927 but not
in 1926 were butyl stearate, butyl tartrate, diethylene glycol, di-
ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylchloro carbonate, ethylene
glycol monoethyl ether acetate, glycol diacetate, methyl acetate,
propylene glycol, paraldehyde USP.
' Consumption of Reagents u.sed in Flotation, 1926, Bureau of Mines, U. S. Dept. of Commerce.
NONCOAL-TAR SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS
135
STATISTICS OF IMPORTS, PRODUCTION, AND SALES
Table 37. — Certain synthetic organic chemicals of noncoal-tar origin: Imports
and production, 1926-27
Acetaldehyde
Paracetaldehyde
Aldehyde ammonia
Chloral hydrate, -
Formaldehyde solution (not more
than 40 per cent)
Hexamethy lenetetramine
Acetic or pyroligneous acid, con-
taining by weight not more than
65 per cent acetic acid
More than 65 per cent acetic acid.
Formic acid
Gallic acid _
Lactic acid, containing by weight 55
per cent or more of lactic acid
Oxalic acid
Pyrogallic acid
Butyl alcohol
Methanol
Carbon tetrachloride
Chloroform
Glycerophosphoric acid, and salts
and compounds
Ethers and esters:
Containing not more than 10
per cent alcohol-
Ethyl ether USP
Ethyl chloride
Amyl acetate -_ --
Ethyl acetate
Other, n. s. p. f
Containing more than 20, not
more than 50 per cent alcohol.
Tetrachloroethane ..-
Trichloroethylene
Urea
Thymol
Vanillin
1926
Imports J
Quantity Value
Pounds
94, 724
60,645
363
396
23, 481
6, 026, 859
1, 995, 982
2, 315, 308
$12, 950
10, 859
125
194, 504
1,583,011
205,317
3 754,917
100
6
431
10, 237
289, 282
232, 855
164, 045
58, 587
71,685
33, 237
345, 530
36
11
61, 506 I 49, 604
5,412
855
283, 965
1
33,444
22
377, 729
18, 765
221
2,564
89
77, 832
1
1,772
3
30, 346
46, 740
1,021
Produc-
tion 2
Pounds
31, 953, 204
1, 495, 220
573, 842
1927
Imports '
Quantity
Pounds
50
21. 258
200
330
1,347
3,417
6, 766, 512
3, 784, 504
3, 214, 642
189, 847
18, 998, 848
1, 909, 660
5, 896, 016
2, 702, 015
43, 661, 465
357, 300
202, 352
1, 843, 732
31, 751
1, 714, 442
11
50, 279
22
774
300
3,748
, 789, 042
50
72, 977
2,567
814. 309
18, 420
« 3, 178
Value
$20
4,017
65
IIG
Produc-
tion 2
Pounds
89 29, 920, 072
1,715 1,315,213
350, 421
454, 382
230, 565
63, 650
98, 657
5,569
718,412
42
56, 205
12
921
150
391,
846, 334
38
3,735
184
51,880
40, 269
20, 961
515, 876
16, 550, 026
5, 855, 462
2,421,301
49, 203, 156
301, 251
1 Foreign Commerce and Navigation of the United States.
2 Census of Dyes and Other Synthetic Organic Chemicals.
' Gallons.
<Data from invoices indicate a total of 3,795 pounds.
7709—28-
-10
136 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 38. — Synthetic organic chemicals of noncoal-tar origin: Production and
sales, 1927
[The numbers in the second column refer to the numbered alphabetical list of manufacturers printed on
p. 188. An X indicates that the manufacturer did not consent to the pubhcation of his name in connection
with the particular product. A blank in the third and fourth columns indicates that these sales can not
be published without revealing information in regard to the sales of individual firms. A blank in the sixth
column indicates that the production can not be published without revealing information in regard to
the output of individual firms. The details thus withheld are, however, included in the totals]
Manufacturers' identi-
fication numbers (accord-
ing to list on p. 188)
Sales
Name of chemical
Quantity
Value
Aver-
age
price
per
pound
Produc-
tion
(quan-
tity)
Total
Pounds
201,548,089
$36,600,628
$0.18
Pounds
280,992,825
57, 93, 113, 134
51
Acetin (mono)..
Acetylbromodiethylacetyl carbamide
Aldehvde ammonia
Aldol (acetaldol)
84, X
13
132
113, 134
134
105, 134
Amyl acetate and sec amyl acetate.. -
Amyl alcohol and sec amyl alcohol...
8, 46, 57, 60, 62, 80, 84, 92,
101, 116, 137, 153, 155,
XXX
8, 60', 84,' 120, 133, 137, 153,
X.
20
1, 677, 523
459, 150
2, 421, 301
2, 703, 844
57
93
57 . . . .
Amytal (isoamylethylbarbituric
acid).
90
57, X
57, 61, 08, 80
Brometone (tribromotertiarybutyl
alcohol).
X
45, 93 .-
Bromodiethylacetylcarbamide
13
::::._:
8, 46, 56, 60, 62, 84, 92, 101,
153, 155, X.
X, X
13,565,527
2, 796, 919
.21
26, 304, 243
Butyl alcohol (butanol) (n and see)..
62, 162 -
129
55, 60, 62,84, 162
1,720,036
535, 278
.31
1, 731, 895
84
84
X
108
57, 80, 116, 162
93
93, 116
19, 45, 51, 114, X, X
13
16,969,652 1.049.759
.06
16, 550, 026
100, 103 . .
Chloretone (trichlorotertiarybutyl al-
cohol).
X
45
13
19,45 -.-
57
57
Cinnamyl valerate.
Citral
57
57 68
57, 131, 149, X, X
55,57
113 134
13 .. .
57
57 80
62
Dibromiu (dibromomalonylureide) . .
X
13
155
1
25 .
Diet hy lacet ii- acid
13
NONCOAL-TAR SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS
137
Table 38.
Syyithetic organic chemicals of noncoal-tar origin: Production and
sales, 1927 — Continued
[The numbers in the second column refer to the numbered alphabetical list of manufacturers printed on
p. 188. An X indicates that the manufacturer did not consent to the publication of his name in connection
with the particular product. A blank in the third and fourth columns indicates that these sales can not
be published without revealing information in regard to the sales of individual firms. A blank in the sixth
column indicates that the production can not be published without revealing information in regard to
the output of individual firms. The details thus withheld are, however, included in the totals)
Manufacturers' identi-
fication numbers (accord-
ing to list on p. 188)
Sales
Name of chemical
Quantity
Value
Aver-
age
price
per
pound
Produc-
tion
(quan-
tity)
1, 13
Pounds
Pounds
Diethylbromoacetyl bromide (bromo
13
acid).
1, 13 -.-
Diethvl sulfate
25
25
25
Diethvlene glycol monobutyl ether
25
- 1
Dihvdrovanillone
57
57--- --
125
13
Dimethyl sulfate
131 -
1
13
1 1
tate.
57
1
57
1
13
! .
13
--- 1 1
Ethyl acetate (85 per cent)
8, 40, 46. 57, 58, 60, 80, 92,
101, 153, 155, X, X, X.
153
36,505,506
$3,909,804 j $0.11
49, 203, 156
13, 45
1
20, 57, 60, 62, 116, X
1
Ethvl n-caproate
116
153 - -.
153
-t
45, 46, 60, 61, 93, 132
1
Ethvl chloride, USP
65
1
Ethvl ether, tech
8, X
Ethvl ether, USP
8.93, 100, 144, 153, X.-..
57, 62,93, 116, X
4, 695, 699
1,432,321 i .31
5, 855, 462
129
13
I
Ethyl iodide
93, 100 - . .
Ethyl isovalerate
57, 62, 116, X
1
Ethyl lactate
57, 153
57
1
1, 57
1
Ethyl nitrite
8, 60, 93, 100
33, 317
25,342
7,773
.76
1.76
34,099
Ethyl cenanthate.--
57, 62, 116, X
4.416
5,413
57 '
Ethyl oxalate
153
Ethvl pelargonate
20, 57, X -.
57, 60, X . . -i
57,60 '
Ethylene
153
Ethvlene chlorohydrin
25 J
Ethylene dibroniide
45 - .
25 - --- --.
:::::::::::
Ethylene glycol
25
Ethvlene glycol monobutyl ether
25
25 -
25 !
tate.
1
25 . i
Ethylene oxide
25
Formaldehyde
40, 75, 132, X 24,597,367
X --.
2, 266, 534
. 09 29, 920, 072
129 '
1
Furac III (lead dithiofuroate)
129
I
Furfural
129 '- -.-
129 !
129
Furil
129
1
Furoic acid
129
i
Furoyl chloride
129
1 !
138 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 38. — Synthetic organic chemicals of noncoal-tar origin: Production and
sales, 1927 — Continued
[The numbers in the second column refer to the numbered alphabetical hst of manufacturers printed on
p. 188. An X indicates that tlie manufacturer did not consent to the publication of his name in connection
with the particular product. A blank in the third and fourth columns indicates that these sales can not
be published without revealing information in regard to the sales of individual firms. A blank in the sixth
column indicates that the production can not be published without revealing information in regard to
the output of individual firms. The details thus withheld are, however, included in the totals]
Manufacturers' identi-
fication numbers (accord-
ing to list on p. 188)
Sales
Name of chemical
Quantity
Value
Aver-
age
price
per
pound
Produc-
tion
(quan-
tity)
Furyl alcohol (furan carbinol) _
129
Pounds
Pounds
Gallic acid
51, 93, 165 . .
515, 876
Geranyl acetate . . .
55, 57, 62, 68, X
1,204
57
55, 57, 80
57
61
Glycerophosphoric acid and salts of..
75, 103
62, 153
13
61, 68, 80
57
57, 108.
45
He.xadecyl aldehyde
57
Hexamethylenetetramine
75, 132, X
1,315,213
Hexamethylenetetraminea n hydro-
methylene citrate.
Hydrofuraniide _
lodobehenate of calcium
lodobehenate of iron, basic
lodobehenic acid
Iodoform
lonone -..
Isoamyl butyrate
Isoa.myl format e.
Isoamyl iso valerate.
Isoamyl propionate
13
129
1
13
1
13
13
93,100, 111
15, 577
32.044
68, 80, 98, 131, X
28, 517
9,237
$132, 989
11,187
$4.66
55, 57,60,62, 110, X,X
55,57,60,62, 116
1.21 10,035
55, 57, 62, 116, X
5,784
62
55.57,62, 116
37
94
2. 54 1 64
153
57, 62
57,62
57, 62
57 _
55,57,68,80, 156
2,637
10, 398
3.94
Isoment hoi
Isopropyl acetate.- -
Isopropyl alcohol (isopropanol)
Isopropyl formate
Isovaleric acid
Jasmin aldehyde
Jasmone
111
62 84
1
X
62
62, 116
57
1
57
X,X
1
Linalvl acetate
55, 57, 80, X, X
435
2,894
6.65 1 487
57
1
55 57, X
40
57
Methaform (trichlorotertiary butyl
alcohoH.
X
88, X
!
Meth yl acetate
Methyl n-butyrate
Methyl chloride
Methy! eugenoL
Methyl formate
62 84 153
1
62 116
132
1
55
1
62
129
13
1
Methylnonylacetic aldehyde
Neoual (butyl ethyl barbituric acid).
57
1
1
57,80
1
57,X
i
57
t
57
1
n-Octyl alcohol (capryl alcohol)
57
1
57,80 .
!
57
1 '
Oxalic acid
119,157
! 1 1
NONCOAL-TAR SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS
139
Table 38.
-Synthetic organic chemicals of noncoal-tar origin: Production and
sales, 1927 — Continued
(The numbers in the second column refer to the numbered alphabetical list of manufactures printed on
p. 188. An X indicates that the manufacturer did not consent to the publication of his name in connection
with the particular product. A blank in the third and fourth columns indicates that these sales can not
be published without revealing information in regard to the sale of individual firms. A blank in the sixth
column indicates that the production can not be published without revealing information in regard to
the output of individual firms. The details thus witheld are, however, included in the totals]
Manufacturers' identi*
fication numbers (accord-
ing to list on p. 188)
Sales
Name of chemical
Quantity
Value
Aver-
age
price
per
pound
Produc-
tion
(quan-
tity)
113
Pounds
Pounds
Paraldehvde, US?
134 . ...
Paraformaldehyde
75, 132 .
31, 134a
134 \
Piperonone (piperinic ketone)
57
57
162
57
153
62
57
Propvlene chlorohydrin .
25
25
Propylene glvcol . . .
25
25
51, 93, 165
166, 472
.$203, 878
$1.22
51, X
X
55, 57, 68, 80, 131 1,934
57
22,548
11.66
2,237
93
X
13
Terpineol . - .
68, 80, X
100, 156
68, 80, X, X
11, 221
11,943
1.06
11,287
132
Tetradecyl aldehyde
Tetraethyl lead
57 . . ...
46
46, 108
108
84
Trichloroethvlene
45, 132 . . . ...
25 --
108
1
57
57 .
61, 68, 96, 98, 103, 156
316, 038
2, 070, 775
6.55
301, 251
Vanillyl vanillate
Vinyl chloride
Xanthates
Zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate
57
25
69, 108, 134, X
4, 567, 492
489, 226
.11
4, 700, 610
108
PART VI
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE
141
Part VI
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE
Introduction
Earlier issues of the Census of Dyes, published annually by the
commission, discussed in detail the international trade in dyes in
pre-war years, the changes that took place while the war was in
progress (1914-1918), and the post-war developments through 1926.
With this issue the census will be up to date.
DEVELOPMENTS IN 1927
The principal developments in the international dye trade in 1927
were: (1) An increase in the activities of the I. G.; (2) a trend
toward and the completion of international dye agreements; (3)
expansion and increased activity of Imperial Chemical Industries
(Ltd.); (4) the world-wide trend toward the use of fast dyes; (5)
increase in quantity of exports from the principal producing nations;
(6) increased competition in and lower prices of the bulk colors;
(7) manufacture of new types of fast dyes and specialties.
WORLD PRODUCTION OF DYES
The world capacity to produce dyes has been estimated at more
than 600,000,000 pounds, which is nearly double the pre-war capacity.
Production figures for 1927 indicate that, as a whole, the producing
nations were operating at not more than 60 per cent of their capacity."
Competition resulting from this excess capacity has led to a con-
tinued drop in prices and to the elimination of some producers.
Table 39 shows the production of coal-tar dyes by the chief pro-
ducing countries in recent years.
Table 39. — Dyes: Production by chief producing countries, 1923-1927
Country
Germany '
United States 2.
Great Britain s.
Switzerland *...
France '
Italy «....
Japan '..
Pounds
165, 000, 000
95, 200, 000
39, 551, 756
22, 500, 000
35, 000, 000
1926
Pounds
165, 000, 000
87, 976, 000
30, 297, 000
19, 200, 000
34, 419, 868
1925
1924
1923
Pounds
165, 000, 000
86, 343, 348
32, 693, 402
18, 000, 000
32, 065, 996
13, 860, 000
Pounds
159, 549, 986
68, 689, 000
33, 242, 704
21, 000, 000
33,011,512
11, 880, 000
18, 631, 000
Pounds
144, 859, 572
93, 667, 524
""20,'000,"000
24, 173, 472
"i3,"457,"735
1 The monthly reports containing the one-quarter monthly German production of dyes made to the
Reparation Commission. These reports covered the period, February, 1920 to December, 1924, inclusive.
The figures for 1925-1927 are estimates from German Chemical Developments, U. S. Department of
Commerce.
2 Annual Census of Dyes and Other Synthetic Organic Chemicals, U. S. Tariff Commission.
s Estimate for 1922 is from Trade Information Bulletin, No. 231, U. S. Department of Commerce. Esti-
mates for 1924-1926 were prepared by DyestutTs Industry Development Committee from voluntary returns
of British dye firms; 1927 figures prepared by British Board of Trade.
* Calculated on the basis that the home market consumes 10 per cent of the output of Swiss dyes; exports
consequently equal 90 per cent of production.
' Ofl3cial figures from French-owned plants in France compiled by the Union des Producteurs des Con-
sommateurs pour le developpement de I'industrie des Matieres Colorantes en France (1927 production is
estimated) .
« Compiled by Hon. Ernesto Belloni for International Economic Conference, Geneva, Switzerland,
May, 1927.
' Estimate for 1923 is from Chemical Trade Bulletin No. 24B, Department of Commerce. Estimate for
1924 is for the fiscal year (August, 1923, to September, 1924) and is from Japan Advertiser, issue of March
26, 1925.
• See Census of Dyes, 1923, Table 20, p. 124.
143
144 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
EXPORTS FROM PRODUCING COUNTRIES
Table 40 gives comparative figures for dye exports from the chief
producing countries in the pre-war year 1913 and in the post-war
period 1923 to 1927.
Exports from German}'^ in 1927 show an increase of 17.6 per cent
by vahie and 31.4 per cent by quantity over 1926. Exports in 1927
were less than one-half of those in 1913, although they showed an
increase of 7.2 per cent in value. This decrease m volume and in-
crease in value are due to heavy shipments of high-priced dyes and
to a loss in exports of low-priced bulk colors.
The United States increased its foreign sales of dyes in 1927 over
1926 by approximately one million pounds. The decrease of 8 per
cent in value is attributable to the fact that the 1927 exports consisted
largely of indigo and certain other low-priced bulk colors which have
decreased in price from 1926.
In 1927 expoits of dyes from Great Britain increased both in
quantity and in value over the preceding year. In the same year,
Swiss exports of aniline and other coal-tar dyes, which are high-
priced types with an average value of about 83 cents per pound,
showed a large increase in both quantity and value. Exports of
indigo in 1927 from Switzerland continued to decline, both in quantity
and value, and exports of alizarin, which were negligible in 1926,
increased to 247,001 pounds, valued at $47,051.
With the exception of sulfur black, which was exported in larger
quantities, exports of dyes in 1927 from Italy were smaller than in
1926.
Table 40. — Coal-tar dyes: Exports from chief producing countries, 1913 and
1923-1927
Exported from-
Germany
United States.
Great Britain.
Switzerland...
France
Italy
Japan
Pounds
239,598,133 $51,689,400
Value
5, 451, 376
19, 458, 902
1, 152, 134
117, 725
862, 566
5, 549, 752
275, 716
22, 458
Pounds
73, 974, 473
17, 924, 200
9, 247, 504
18, 282, 967
4, 650, 382
647, 712
2, 296, 327
Value
$41, 580, 742
5, 565, 267
3, 635, 058
12,253,711
3, 749, 442
548, 481
396, 397
Pounds
61,033,911
15, 713, 428
6, 622, 896
19, 015, 998
10, 604, 126
541, 009
1, 899, 495
Value
$30, 936, 462
5, 636, 244
3, 052, 911
12, 138, 346
7, 508, 787
276, 793
283, 179
Exported from —
Germany
United States
Great Britain
Switzerland-.
France
Italy
Japan.
Pounds
75, 879, 025
25, 799, 889
7, 314, 608
16,161,041
10, 784, 463
426, 810
1, 685, 606
Value
$44,311,155
6, 694, 360
3, 122, 149
11,979,718
7, 469, 903
295, 702
214, 209
1926
Pounds
81, 883, 253
25,811,941
6, 014, 288
17,287,793
10, 335, 827
681, 221
1, 046, 520
Value
$47, 134, 156
5,950,159
2, 428, 287
11,971,452
5, 902, 946
453, 235
152, 657
1927
Pounds
107, 593, 519
26, 766, 168
' 8, 705. 984
20,291,498
11,133,671
620, 595
Value
$55,413,142
5, 491, 466
1 3, 201, 349
14,571,841
3, 055, 030
334, 575
• Dyes and dyestuffs (except dyewoods and raw dyeing substances) and extracts for dyeing and tanning-
products of coal tar.
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE
145
IMPORTS INTO CONSUMING COUNTRIES
Table 41 shows that the new dye-producing nations imported only
a fraction of the dyes they consumed in 1926 and 1927, as compared
with pre-war years when they were largely dependent upon Gemiany
and Switzerland. The United States, Italy, and France each imported
a smaller quantity in 1927 than in 1926. Great Britain, Belgium, and
Italy apparently bought higher-priced dyes, as their imports increased
in value.
British India, Great Britain, Germany, Canada, and Switzerland
each imported more dyes, measured by either quantity or value, in
1927 than in 1926. China greatly decreased her purchases in 1926 as
compared with 1925.
Table 41. — Coal-tar dyes: Imports into chief consuming countries, 1913, 1926, and
1927
1913
Imported into-
Pounds
Value
755, 260
950, 895
542,429
2, 100, 255
7, 537, 870
3,611,705
9, 207, 684
China..- 160,696,533 $11,673,779
British India'.. 16,923,607 j 3,741,031
Czechoslovakia
Japan
United States
Italy |5i5,
Beligium.. j _.
Great Britain ! 41,203,008
Netherlands
Dutch East Indies '2,073,434 890,366
Germany 7,138,495 1,682,422
France 4,706,601 1,416,316
Canada 3 2,633,516 1 594,414
Austria 17,168,764 3,616,199
Switzerland 2,201,292 431,19;
Brazil
Sweden ..j 2,376,166
Spain 82,303,709
1926
Pounds
699, 737
1, 021, 368
50, 370, 874
10, 048, 499
fi, 486, 019
6, 986, 501
4, 673, 196
3, 374, 140
6, 189, 545
4,214,112
4, 055, 681
5, 847, 981
7,937,221
3,204,165
2, 656, 264
2, 089, 960
1, 801, 297
1, 492, 102
2, 099, 549
895. 969
Value
2 $10, 643, 544
5, 028, 848
3, 574, 891
4, 324, 805
4, 103, 301
s 2, 010, 003
1,571,249
4, 242, 468
2, 278, 198
2, 045, 054
4, 132, .'562
2, 546, 881
1, 563, 496
1,209,801
1,273,916
739, 874
1,316,939
659, 357
Pounds
14, 797, 450
4, 233, 046
3,221,141
5, 466, 747
4, 660, 432
Value
$6, 018, 780
10,214,132
3, 065, 276
3,011,901
2, 652, 979
3,413,886
2, 695, 409
1, 846, 031
4, 967, 767
5, 223, 283
2, 357, 068
1, 845, 308
1,701,498
' Exports to China, 1913, from France, Germany, and Switzerland amounted to 69,181.230 pounds,
valued at $11,516,567. Chinese statistics show value but not quantity of aniline dyes, and include "unclas-
sified dyes" which may contain other than coal-tar dyes.
2 p;\clusive of "aniline dyes" and "dyes and colors unclassified" amounting in value to $3, .351, 393.
5 Years ended Mar. 31. Imports into British India for calendar year 1926 were 13,072,172 pounds, valued
at $5,779,712; calendar year 1927, 17,675,749 pounds, valued at $7,256,651.
^ Fiscal year 1914; quantity from Special Agents Series No. 121, value from Commerce and Navigation
Reports.
5 Aniline dyes only in 1913.
6 Does not include 987,980 pounds of reparation dyes.
' Quantity of synthetic indigo not shown for 1913.
s 1914.
COMPETITIVE CONDITIONS
As a result of the war-time stimulus to dye making, the dye-pro-
ducing countries of the world are equipped to produce a far greater
quantity of dyes than they are able to consume. This excess capacity
to produce has precipitated a struggle for foreign markets and has
led each producing nation to adopt special measures for the protection
of its home market.
The struggle for export markets is most severe in the nonproducing
nations, China and British India. 'The United States, Great Britain,
and France have established a trade in the bulk dyes in these countries
and are combating the efforts of Germany and Switzerland to regain
their former control of the entire trade.
146 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
German}^ and Switzerland continue to dominate the international
dye trade. In Germany centralization and coordination of dye
manufacture by the I. G. has resulted in low manufacturing
cost. Long experience, the establishment of sales agencies, and
branch plants throughout the world, and the negotiation of inter-
national agreements are also factors of German supremacy. Recent
activities of the I. G. in extending its manufacturing interests to in-
clude a wide diversity of chemicals and allied products other than
dyes are also enhancing the prestige of Germany. In high-priced
dyes Germany still dominates the world markets, but in bulk dyes
she has lost a part of her trade to the new producing nations. The
I. G., by steadily increasing its influence, is seeking to recover this
lost trade.
Table 42 shows the exports of dyes from Germany in 1913, and the
trend of the export trade since 1920.
Table 42. — Coal-tar dyes: Exports from Germany, 1913 and 1920-1927
Year
Pounds
Value
Year
Pounds
Value
1913
239, 598, 133
61, 140, 171
48, 304, 991
115, 974, 900
73, 974, 473
$51,606,168
.53,002,407
15,935,585
80,781,892
41,580,742 !
1
1924
61,033,911
75, 879, 025
81,883,253
107, 593, 519
$30, 933, 368
1920
1925
1926
44,311,155
1921 " -
47, 134, 156
1922
1927
55, 413, 142
1923
' May to December.
As previously pointed out, exports from Germany in 1927 showed
an increase of about 17.6 per cent in value and 31.4 per cent in quan-
tity over 1926. As compared with pre-war years, the volume of
Germany's export trade has greatly declined. In value, however,
the 1927 export showed an increase of 7.2 per cent over the 1913
figure. Further details of exports for this country are given in
Table 44.
Export figures, taken alone, do not disclose the actual participa-
tion of Germany in the international trade, for the reason that the
I. G. controls or has an interest in dye plants in Japan, Spain, the
United States, and Russia, and handles through its extensive sub-
agencies products not of their own manufacture.
Switzerland has now, as prior to the war, a larger share of the
world's trade than the relative size of her industry indicates. The
Swiss specialize in high-priced dyes, in the manufacture and market-
ing of which they have advantages which come from long experience,
a well-organized selling force throughout the world, and the diversity
of their products. They operate, or have an interest in, plants
in the United States, France, Great Britain, Germany, and Italy.
The disadvantage of a lack of raw materials is not serious, as crudes
and intermediates are available from several nations.
The world-wide trend toward the use of fast dyes and higher-
priced specialty colors will favor the nations that are doing pioneer
work in the manufacture of new products; nations restricting their
output to the old types will bo at a marked disadvantage in com-
petitive markets.
In the United States competition has been so keen in the home
market that many of the weaker producers have been eliminated.
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE 147
Six firms in 1927 discontinued dye manufacture, and it is probable
that the number will continue to dwindle until the productive capac-
ity of the country more nearly conforms to its requirements. The
trade of the United States has been fully discussed elsewhere in this
report.
The status of other countries in dye manufacture and trade will
be set forth in pages 148 to 175.
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS
Outside of the United States a large part of the output of the pro-
ducing nations of the world is under the control of dye cartels or
consolidations.
The recent Franco-German agreement relating to dyes is being
extended to cover nitrogenous products and mixed fertilizers. The
Kuhlmann Company has a financial interest in the Norsk Hydro,
which has an agreement with the I. G. of Germany.
By the term.s of the agreement competition between France and
Germany is eliminated. In announcements concerning the agree-
ment emphasis was placed on the fact that it was not directed against
other countries, but that in time it would be extended to them.
Reports are current that France will take up the manufacture of a
number of new dyes, in which she will receive technical aid from
Germany, and that she will obtain from Germany a part of her dye
requirements.
The Franco-German agreement is the first tangible result of the
efforts of a number of years of leading producing countries to wOrk
out a basis for mutual understanding concerning the apportionment
of foreign markets. It assigns an export quota to France exceeding
the actual exports during the last year by approximately 1,500 tons.
French exports will probably consist largely of indigo, sulfur, and
direct dyes. The chief center of competition for these colors is the
Far East, especially China, where Germany, the United States, Great
Britain, France, and Switzerland now compete. Without a more
comprehensive agreement France will have difficulty in holding her
own in this keenly contested market.
Swiss dye manufacturers have one plant in France and have been
successful in placing on the French market low-priced dyes which the
French could not duplicate, because of economic disturbances con-
nected with the stabilization of the franc. An agreement between
Swiss and French d3^e manufacturers antedates somewhat that
between the German and the French, but it may be regarded as a
part of the larger scheme.
There are important obstacles to overcomie in the further extension
of international agreements. Not all of the producing nations have
organized their chemical industries so that they may be dealt with
as a unit. In Switzerland the dyestuffs industry efi'ected, at the end
of the war, a concentration patterned after the German I. G. In
1924, a German-Swiss price agreement was concluded aftecting a
small group of dyes. In regard to the German-Swiss agreement,
the difficulty is that both countries produce large quantities of high-
priced fast dyes whose manufacture in other countries is less'developed.
148 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
The Dye Industry of Germany
There are about 620 chemical stock companies in Germany with
a total capital of about 1,853 billion marks. Eighty-one of these
companies are associated with the I. G. Sixty-two per cent of the
total capital is held by the I. G.; this is an understatement of the
importance of the I. G. to the German chemical industry, as a large
number of its subsidiary companies have more capital than their
published figures show.
AGREEMENTS
An agreement between the Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey and the
I. G. is reported to provide for the acquisition by the Standard Oil
Co. of the North American rights to the I. G.'s process of producing
oil from coal, and for an exchange between the companies of knowl-
edge gained from manufacturing experience in oil technology. Dur-
ing 1927 the I. G. concluded agreements with the French dye industry
and with the Norsk Hydro, the Norwegian nitrate and hydro elec-
tric power company. A license was obtained from an American
company to manufacture titanium white in Germany.
Apropos of reported plans of the I. G. to complete negotiations for
the purchase of American chemical companies, is the annoimcement
of its amalgamation, through the Agfa Co., with the Ansco Co. of
America, and the amalgamation of the Sterling Products Co. and
subsidiaries with the United Drug Co. The subsidiaries of the Ster-
ling Co., in which the I. G. has recently acquired additional holdings,
are the Bayer Co., H. A. Metz & Co., Winthrop Chemical Co., and
the Wyeth Chemical Co.
THE NEW CAPITAL OF THE I. G.
At a general meeting of the I. G. on January 13, 1928, 249 stock-
holders, with 712,672,500 marks capital, were represented. This
meeting authorized an issue of bonds to the value of 250,000,000
marks. The new bond issue, representing an increase of nearly 25
per cent in capital, is intended for the development of synthetic oil
and fixed nitrogen plants. By issuing bonds instead of stock, the I. G.
will avoid a burdensome capital tax and the bondholders will later be
permitted to exchange their bonds for stock. The I. G. has at its
disposal for this purpose nearl}^ 100,000,000 marks in unissued shares.
As the company does not appear to be in immediate need of new
capital, payments for the bonds are to be spread over 1928. The
first payment of 10 per cent will fall due on March 15, 1928, and the
others of 30 per cent each on the 15th of June, September, and Decem-
ber. This arrangement will facilitate absorption in Germany and
perhaps allow for a possible placement in the United States. By
granting priority rights to common-stock holders, who will have the
right to take up one bond for each four shares held, the new capital
will be kept largely in German hands.
Interest on the new bonds will be at half the rate of dividends on
the common stock but will be at least 6 per cent. Bonds can be
exchanged at any time for common shares for 50 per cent of the
nominal value. A period of 14 years is available for the exchange
according to the option of the owner at a rate falling from 200 per
cent in 1928 to 100 per cent in 1941.
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE 149
Resume of Proceedings at Meeting of Directors of I. G.
At a meeting of the directors of the I. G., business was reported
good and the payment of a 12 per cent dividend was forecast for 1927.
A brief resmne of particular matters reported on follows:
The output of synthetic gasohne and other products obtained by
the hquefaction of coal increased during 1927, and it was expected that
by the end of the next year manufacturers would be equipped to pro-
duce the quantity that it was planned to make. Should the increas-
ing output of synthetic gasoline become too heavy for the Deutche
Gasohn Aktien Gesellschaft to handle, the Standard Oil and the
Royal Shell would aid in selhng the surplus. The low-priced gasoline
with which the products of the I. G. must compete is said to be the
result of world-wide overproduction.
In the manufacture of synthetic rubber considerable progress was
made during the year, but it was stated that there are still problems
to be solved in the synthesis of rubber and that production on a com-
mercial basis was not anticipated in the near future.
A report on the nitrogen plants in Merseburg predicted that they
will reach capacity output in 1929. The expansion of nitrogen pro-
duction is an outstanding development in the German chemical
industry.
In regard to international agreements, it was stated that the Franco-
German dye agreement had been concluded but that negotiations with
the British dye industry had not resulted in any definite arrangement.
That no agreement made in the future would be directed against the
industries of other countries was reiterated.
REPARATION DYES
Under the terms of the treaty of Versailles provision was made for
dehveries in kind by Germany. A detailed account of the agreements
and of the dehveries of dyes and pharmaceuticals to the aUied and
associated powers under these agreements is given in the Census of
Dyes and Other Synthetic Organic Chemicals, 1923, pages 156 to
167. The one-ciuarter production of the German dye plants reserved
for purchase of the allied and associated Governments, 1920 to 1924,
was pubhshed in the Dye Census of 1924, page 146.
Germany's receipts and her payments of the third annuity under
the Dawes plan for the year ended August 31, 1927, and the cumu-
lative total for the fourth year up to June 30, 1928, follow.
PAYMENTS IN KIND
In the first year deliveries of dyestuffs and pharmaceutical prod-
ucts amounted to 26.2 million marks, distributed as follows: Italy, 9;
France, 5.2; England, 4.5; Japan, 3.8; and Belgium, 3.7. France
received chemical fertilizers valued at 19.7 milhon marks, and Belgium
obtained similar material to the value of 0.3 milhon marks.
In the second year dehveries of dyes and pharmaceutical products
declined to 11.2 milhon marks, of which Belgium obtained 4.8, Italy
3.9, France 2.4, and the Serb-Croat-Slovene State 0.14. Chemical
fertilizers and nitrogenous products delivered during this period,
valued at 50.8 million marks, were charged to France (47.9) and
150 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Belgium (2.9). France obtained an additional 3 million marks worth
of coal by-products; Belgium, 2.5.
In the third year dehvery of dyes and pharmaceutical products
amounted to 12.53 milUon marks, distributed as follows:
Million marks
Belgium 6. 06
France 3. 29
Italy 3.05
Serb-Croat-Slovene State 0. 13
France received chemical fertilizers valued at 47.25 milhon marks,
Belgium, 10.8, and Japan, 2.74 million marks. By-products of coal
to the amount of 10.2 milUon marks were distributed as follows:
France, 5.8; Italy, 4.1; and Belgium, 0.3 milhon marks.
RECEIPTS AND PAYMENTS OF GERMANY UNDER THE DAWES PLAN
The third year, September 1, 1926, to August 31, 1927
A. Receipts in third annuity year:
1. In completion of second annuity — ■ Gold marks
(a) Transport tax _" 8,095,425.61
{h) Interest on railway reparation bonds 45,000,000.00
2. On account of third annuity —
(a) Normal budgetary contribution 110, 000, 000. 00
(6) Supplementary budgetary' contribution 300, 000, 000. 00
(c) Transport tax 270,000,000.00
(d) Interest on railway reparation bonds 495,000,000.00
(e) Interest, industrial debentures 250, 000, 000. 00
3. Interest received 2,760,879.82
Total receipts 1, 480, 856, 305. 43
B. Balance of cash at hand Aug. 31, 1926 93, 626, 074. 81
Total cash available 1,574,482,380. 24
C. Payments in third annuity year:
1. Payments to or for the account of —
France 638,304,121.06
British Empire 302, 512, 709. 72
Italy 92, 774, 606. 12
Belgium 68,644,412. 45
Serb-Croat-Slovene State 46,318, 178. 08
United States of America 98,777,266. 58
Rumania 10, 645, 707. 83
Japan 10, 131, 526. 92
Portugal 8, 110, 562. 59
Greece 4,237,861. 94
Poland 242, 531. 97
Total payments to powers 1, 280, 699, 485. 86
2. For service of German external loan, 1924 91, 318, 198. 22
3. For expenses of —
Reparation commission 2, 269, 399. 2S
Office for reparation payments 3, 555, 482. 79
Interallied Rhineland High Commission 2, 939, 876. 38
Military interallied Commission of Control 1, 233, 279. 66
4. Costs of arbitral bodies 72,657.16
5. Discount on amounts received from Deutsche
Reichsbahm Gesellschaft in advance of due date.. 6, 480, 641. 26
6. Exchange differences 426, 166. 79
Total payments 1, 388, 995, 187. 40
D. Balance of cash at Aug. 31, 1927 185,487,192.84
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE 151
The fourth year, cumulative total to June 30, 1928
A. Receipts in fourth annuity year:
1. In completion of third annuity — Gold marks
(a) Transport tax 20,000,000.00
(6) Interest on railway reparation bonds 55, 000, 000. 00
2. On account of fourth annuity —
(a) Budgetary contribution 416,666,666.67
(fe) Transport tax 217,494,000.00
(c) Interest and amortization on railway repara-
tion bonds . -- 495, 000, 000. 00
{d) Interest and amortization on industrial
debentures 150, 000, 000. 00
3. Interest and exchange differences 3, 376, 093. 62
1, 543, 023, 953. 13
B. Less discount on advance payments for service of railway
bonds and industrial debentures 6, 182, 829. 30
Total 1, 536, 841, 123. 83
C. Transfers:
In foreign currencies —
1 . Service of the German external loan 1924.._ 73, 604, 816. 42
2. Reparation Recovery Acts 288, 970, 681. 94
3. Deliveries under agreement 23,202,561.59
4. Settlement of balances owing for deliveries
made or services rendered bv Germany
prior to Sept. 1, 1924 \ 7, 511, 586. 93
5. Transferred in cash 335,118,821.19
6. Costs of Interallied Commissions 3, 473, 862. 26
7. Costs of arbitral bodies 53,933.37
731, 936, 263. 70
D. By reichsmark payments for — •
1. DeUveries in kind 590, 779, 043. 56
2. Armies of Occupation 55, 416, 988. 63
3. Costs of Interallied Commissions 4, 715, 037. 04
4. Miscellaneous objects 1,035,992.00
651,947. 061. 23
Total transfers 1,383,883,324. 93
E. Balance of cash at June 30, 1928 152,957,798.90
F. Distribution of amounts transferred:
1. To the Powers —
France 685, 083, 175. 45
British Empire 288,085,572. 70
Italv 98,685,236.47
Belgium 91,377,001.61
Serb-Croat-Slovene State 49,025, 741. 13
United States of America 63, 026, 374. 02
Rumania 12,280,237.35
Japan 5,300,249. 28
Portugal 7, 745, 938. 59
Greece 1, 196, 430. 19
Polund - 229,719.05
Total transfers to Powers 1, 302, 035, 675. 84
2. For prior charges —
(a) Service of the German external loan 1924.. 73, 604, 816. 42
(6) Costs of Interallied Commissions 8, 188, 89p. 30
(c) Costs of arbitral bodies 53, 933. 37
Total transfers 1,383,883, 32t. 93
7709—28 11
152 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
IMPORTS AND EXPORTS
In 1927 Germany imported 10,214,132 pounds of dyes, valued at
$5,223,283, as compared with an import in 1926 of 7,937,221 pounds,
valued at $4,132,562. Switzerland furnished 4,673,091 pounds of the
1927 import.
Exports of dyes from Germany in 1927 showed a general increase.
Indigo headed the list of mdividual dyes, with an increase in quantity
from 27,408,249 pounds in 1926 to 31,528,646 pounds in 1927, but a
decrease in value from $9,487,711 to $7,871,996. Exports of indigo
to China in 1927 exceeded those of 1926 by more than 314 rnillion
pounds, and to the Dutch East Indies by about 600,000 pounds.
Germany's exports of alizarin m 1927 totaled 2,149,485 pounds,
valued at $523,041; m 1926, they were 1,100,095 pounds, valued at
$302,255. Exports of the alizarin colors amounted to 6,808,687 pounds
and were valued at $8,353,007, a substantial increase over 1926.
British India received 2,486,789 pounds in 1927, and 2,796,977 pounds
in the previous year; Great Britain, with 612,658 poimds, practically
doubled her receipts.
In 1926 Germany exported 46,666,311 pounds of aniline and other
coal-tar dyes, valued at $31,502,103. Of this group, the exports in
1927 totaled 65,553,560 pounds with a value of $37,950,551, and the
destinations of shipments include: China, 15,014,208 pounds; British
India, 8,586,697 poimds; Czechoslovakia, 5,602,550 poimds; the Neth-
erlands, 3,074,315 poimds.
Table 43. — Germany: Imports of coal-tar dyes, 1927 *
Class of dye and country of origin
Aniline and other coal-tar dyes not elsewhere mentioned; sulfur dyes:
Belgium
France..
Italy..
Yugoslavia
Netherlands
Austria..
East Poland
Rumania —
Russia
Switzerland...
Spain
Czechoslovakia
Hungary
British India
China .- ..-
United States
other countires
Total
Alizarin (alizarin red); alizarin colors, variegated, from anthracene, total
Indigo, natural and synthetic, total
Indigo carmine, color lakes, and new blue from indigo and indigo carmine, total
Grand total
Quantity
Pounds
429, 456
72, 531
82, 231
79, 3G6
1, 296, 525
264, 993
146, 606
59, 524
159, 172
4, 673, 091
65, 036
749, 123
221, 783
282, 409
495, 594
617, 288
376, 987
10,071,715
27, 558
91, 270
23, 589
10, 214, 132
Value
$5, 156, 745
13,545
42, 775
10,218
5, 223, 283
• Monatliche Nachweise iiber den Auswartigen Handel Deutschlands, December, 1927. Values con-
verted on basis of 1,000 reichsmarks= $237,638.
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE
Table 44. — Germany: Exports of coal-tar dyes, 1927 '
153
Class of (lye and country
of desti lation
Anllino an i othor "oal-tar
•^yy s :iot olspwliere men-
t.onod (f'-alur dyes):
Belg'am
Bn'Karia..-
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Greece
Great Britain
Italy
Yugoslavia
T/atvia
Lithuania-
Netherlands
Norway
Austria -.
East Poland.-- -.
Portugal
Rumania
Russia
S"yedcn
Switzerland
Spain
Czechoslovakia
Runcary
Egypt
British India--
Malacca ,
China
Japan
Dutch East Indies—
Slam
Turkey.--
Other Asiatic coun-
tries
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Canada- -
Chile
Colombia
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
United States
Union of -Australia...
New Zealand -
Other countries
Quantity
Total-
Alizarin (red):
British India
Dutch East Indies-
Other countries
Total.
Alizarin colors, variegat-
ed, from anthracene:
Belgium
France
Great Britain
Italy
Value
Pounds
3, 058, 442
617, 288
338. 186
110,230
400, 576
408, 512
284, 393
2, 169, 767
1, 545, 425
735, 896
173, 943
117,725
3,074,315
327, 824
1, 710, 770
1, 692, 692
585, 321
1, 573, 643
1,376,111
1,434,313
2, 065, 490
598. 769
5, 602, 550
1, 138, 235
279, 102
8, 586, 697
134,481
15,014,208
2, 397, 943
1, 561, 518
366. 845
351, 854
226, 633
401, 899
59, 524
797. 624
741. 187
86, 861
228, 617
940. 923
145, 724
62, 390
1, 412, 708
194, 225
63, 052
359, 129
Class of dye and country
of destination
65, 553, 560
$37, 950, 551
1, 494, 719
260, 143
394, 623
2, 149, 485
523, 041
20.5,469 1.
242,506 I-
612,658 L
228, 176 '-
I
Alizarin colors, variegat-
ed, from anthracene^
Continued.
Netherlands
Austria
East Poland
Rumania..-
Russia
Sweden
Switzerland -.
Spain
Czechoslovakia
Hungary
British India
Japan
Dutch East Indies—..
Brazil
Canada
United States
Other countries
Quantity
Pnund^
358, 689
88, 405
39. 462
32, 408
82, 893
182, 982
158, 070
89, 727
1,59, 172
43,210
2, 486, 789
138, 669
500, 003
75, 397
120, 371
781, 531
182, 100
Total-
Indigo, natural and syn-
thetic:
Belgium
Great Britain
Italy
Yugoslavia
Netherlands
Austria---
Portugal
Russia
Spain
Czechoslovakia
Hungary
Egypt ---
British India
China -
Japan
Dutch East Indies. —
Persia
Siam
Turkey
Other Asiatic coun-
tries
Mexico
United States
Other countries
6, 808, 687
Total-
Indigo carmine, color
lakes and new blue from
indigo and indigo car-
mine:
Eygpt
China
Other Asiatic coun-
tries -
Other countries
347, 225
91, 270
238, 317
52,910
757, 060
246, 474
88, 184
218, 696
156, 747
313, 935
399, 253
293, 873
958, 340
22,661,965
1, 475, 980
1, 688, 283
192, 903
215,610
51,147
283, 732
66, 358
169, 754
560, 630
Value
31, 528, 646
112,875
977, 07&
195, 989
267, 198
Total 1,553,141
Grand total --!l07, 593, 519
8, 535, 007
7, 871, 996;
532, 547
55,413,142
1 Monatliche Nachweise iiber den AuswSrtigen Handel Deutschlands, December, 1927. Values^ con*-
verted on basis of 1,000 reiehsmarks = $237,638.
The Dye Industry of Great Britain
Progress in the British dye industry during 1927 was reported by
Imperial Chemical Industries (Ltd.). This corporation, formed late
in 1926, is a merger of the British Dyestuffs Corporation (Ltd.),
Brunner, Mond and Company (Ltd.), Nobel Industries (Ltd.), and
154 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
United Alkali Company (Ltd.) with their subsidiary companies. Its
authorized capital is £65,000,000, of which £57,358,332 has been
issued. The company is the largest chemical group in the United
Kingdom.
The financial results of the year's operations of this firm are not
available, but an interim dividend of 3 per cent actual, less tax, was
declared, payable December 1, for the year ended December 31,
1927. For the purpose of providing funds for the taking over of the
Cassel Cyanide Co. (Ltd.), Union Acid Co. (Ltd.), Manchester,
Oliver Wilkins & Co. (Ltd.), Derby, and Caselbourne & Co. (1926)
(Ltd.), Middleborough, as well as others, which may be acquired
from time to time, the preference shareholclers of the Imperial Chem-
ical Industries (Ltd.) at a meeting on December 29, 1927, authorized
the board to issue, at their discretion and without reference to the
shareholders, £6,580,000 preference shares of £1 each, out of the
existing authorized but heretofore unissued capital. If the entire
amount authorized were issued, the total capital would be brought
up to £63,938,332. It was stated, however, at the December meeting,
that only £270,000 would be issued at once, to complete the financial
details mvolved in taking over the four companies. Another com-
pany that the Imperial Chemical Industries contemplates acquiring
is the British Alizarine Co. (Ltd.).
CRUDES
Great Britain is one of the important sources of the world's supply
of coal-tar crudes. Exports of crudes from Great Britain amount
to nearly 10 per cent of the total chemical exports from that country.
During 1927 exports of crudes were valued at over £2,000,000, an
increase of nearly 30 per cent, as compared with 1926. The produc-
tion of the various items composing this group, as well as the trade
in them, is highly centralized. The distribution of the greater part
of the European output of one or two of the leading commodities is
controlled by British combinations.
Exports consist largely of tar oil and creosote oil. The United
States takes from 85 to 90 per cent of the total British exports of
creosote and other heavy tar oils.
DYES
No official announcement has been made of the entry of British
dye producers into international agreements and it is not likely that
any such agreements will be concluded. Under an agreement con-
cluded in August, 1927, the British Dyestufi"s Corporation will manu-
facture in the United Kingdom certain calico-printing specialties
made by a leading manufacturer in Basel, Switzerland. This arrange-
ment indicates a closer working program between British and Swiss
dye manufacturers.
During 1927 a number of new dyes were produced in Great Britain,
including dyes for the even dyeing of rayon and for the coloring of
leather. The Icyl colors, developed by the British Dyestufts Corpo-
ration for the uniform dyeing of viscose, represent an important
advance. Scottish Dyes (Ltd.), also included in the Imperial Chem-
ical Industries (Ltd.), made a number of new Caledon colors, in-
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE
155
eluding jade green and Soledon black B. Caledon Dyecretes have
been developed as special types for coloring concrete.
Naphthalene fast black N and 4B, Thionine blue GO, Durindone
blue 4BX, Duranol blue R, and Duranol brilliant blue G are among
the new colors put on the market by the British Dyestuffs Corpo-
ration. Other dye-making firms have also announced the making of
new dyes and colors.
On September 1, 1927, the price ratio determining whether an
application for dye import license should be granted was reduced
from two and one-half to two times the pre-war price. This reduc-
tion is taken as an indication of the ability of British dye companies
to compete on a price basis. It will be advantageous to consumers
of dyes.
The British Board of Trade in an official statement announced
that in 1926, 5,778 licenses had been issued under the dyestuffs
act for the importation of 1,889 tons of material, valued at £945,007,
and that, in 1927, 6,753 licenses had been issued for the importation
of 2,228 tons, valued at £1,034,103.
The Dyestuffs Industry Development Committee issues annually
a summary of British dye production. The 1926 production was
30,297,000 pounds, as compared with 32,693,402 pounds in 1925.
Production in 1927 has probably been somewhat above the 1926
production. The 1926 figures indicate a reduction of 23 per cent in
production of vat blues, reflecting the lower output of synthetic in-
digo; a 25 per cent decline in the production of sulfur black; and a
general increase in the range and quantity of the vat colors other
than blues and browns.
British dye output in 1925 and 1926
1925
Pounds
Direct cotton colors 4,940,838
Acid wool colors I 4,498,653
Chrome and mordant colors |
(including alizarin) ' 6, 256, 276
Basic colors .J 1, 710. 556
Sulfur colors 6,225,791
1926
Pounds
4, 180, 508
5, 217, 259
6,972.112
1, 308, 813
4, 636, 930
Vat colors (including indigo).
Dyestuffs for lace making —
Oil, spirit, and wax miscel-
laneous colors. -
Total.
1925
Pounds
7, 295, 769
1, 014, 334
751, 185
1926
Pounds
6, 237, 703
947, 933
795, 742
32,693,402 30,297,000
Productive capacity is much greater than home and export require-
ments. Although British exports of dyes during 1926 and 1927 were
about three-fourths of the 1924 and 1925 exports, the home demand
has increased. Imports, particularly of the higher-priced colors,
have increased. Progressive reductions in the import price ratio
are expected during the remaining three years that the dye import
regulation act will be in force.
BRITISH-AMERICAN MERGER ^
In April, 1928, announcement was made of the formation of the
Finance Company of Great Britain and America, Ltd. The prin-
cipal parties to this agreement were the Imperial Chemical Industries,
Ltd., of Great Britain, and the Chase Securities Corporation of New
York. This company was registered with a nominal capital of
2 The Chemical Age, Apr. 21, 1928.
156 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
£2,040,000 divided into 2,000,000 ordinary shares of £1 sterling each,
and 800,000 deferred shares of Is. This is a private limited corpora-
tion, the ordinary share capital of which will be held in equal
proportions by the Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd., and the
Chase Securities Corporation; the deferred shares will be similarly
distributed.
This company was organized for the purpose of carrying on the
business of bankers, capitalists, financiers, concessionaires, mer-
chants, company promoters, brokers' agents, prospectors, miners,
owners and workers of all properties, shipowners, and others. It has
power also to carry on insurance, reinsurance, guarantee, indemnity,
«,nd bond investment business, other than assurance or reinsurance
l)usiness within the meaning of section 1 of the Assurance Company's
act, 1909, as outlined by the Industrial Assurance act, 1923. The
first directors are to number not less than 2 nor more than 16. The
Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd., may nominate not more than 6
directors and the Chase Securities Corporation may also nominate
not more than 6. The directors are to appoint an "American com-
mittee" of not less than 6 nor more than 14 persons who need not be
directors or members of the company. The committee is to be
nominated and approved by the Chase Securities Corporation, and
to be subject to removal by it. A director is not required to hold any
share qualification. Remuneration of directors is to be £1,000 each
per annum, and each member of the American committee who is
not a director of the company is also to receive £1,000 per annum.
The board of the company will consist of Sir Alfred Mond, Sir
Harry McGowan, Mr. Albert Henry Wiggin, chairman of the Chase
National Bank and Chase Securities Corporation, the Marquis
of Reading, Lord Colwyn, Mr. Harold John Mitchell, Mr. Henry
Mond, Mr. Clarerce Graff, and Mr. James Hemy Gannon, vice
president of the Chase National Bank.
Sir Alfred Mond will be the chairman and Sir Harry McGowan the
deputy chairman of the new corporation, and Mr. Graff and Mr.
Gannon will be its joint managing directors.
The American committee under the chairmanship of Mr. A. H. Wig-
gin is as follows: Mr. A. H. Wiggin, chairman of the Chase National
Bank of New York; Sir Alfred Mond, chairman of the Imperial
Chemical Industries (Ltd); Sir Harry McGowan, president and deputy
chairman of Imperial Chemical Industries (Ltd.); Mr. Robert L.
Clarkson, president of the Chase National Bank of New York; Mr.
Halstead G. Freeman, president of the Chase Securities Corporation;
Mr. Alfred P. Sloan, jr., president of the General Motors Corpora-
tion; Mr. John Raskob, chairman of the finance committee and vice
president of the General Motors Corporation; Mr. Matthew C. Brush,
president of the American International Corporation; Mr. W. H.
Woodin, president of the American Car & Foundry Co. and chairman
of the board and president of the American Locomotive Co.; Mr.
A. R. Graustein, president of the International Paper Co.; Mr. J,
Horace Harding, chairman of the board of the American Railway
Express Co.; Mr. Frederick H. Ecker, vice president of the Metropoli-
tan Life Insurance Co.; and Mr. Charles M. Schwab, president of
the Bethlehem Steel Co.
INTEKNATIONAL DYE TRADE 157
Sir Alfred Mond in a statement said:
''The inception of this corporation has been a necessity felt for
some, time by the leading men of business in both countries for closer
and more intimate cooperation in the world of industry and commerce
between America and Great Britain. The increasing volume of cap-
ital investments of American interests outside the borders of the
United States and on the Continent of Europe has often been com-
mented upon, and is a new feature in financial centers since the war.
This feature is likely to continue and large smns will be available in
the future. The desire to direct these into the most profitable chan-
nels has led to the idea of systematic and continuous cooperation of
leading financial and industrial brains of both countries for the devel-
opment of industries either aready established or of new ideas which
are daily brought forward."
The new company will have an active interest in institutions
already established and in the initiation of new processes or new enter-
prises on the Continent as well as throughout the British Empire, the
United States, and elsewhere.
Sir Alfred Mond continues: "Those of us engaged in big industrial
undertakings are continually having brought to our notice, enterprise's,
both industrial and commercial, in all parts of the world which, in
their technical supervision and organization, are capable of great and
considerable development."
German banking houses, contrary to the custom in either Great
Britain or in the United States, have long made it a practice to have
large staffs of technical experts employed in an advisory capacity.
In Great Britain and in the United States a large nmnber of firms
cooperate in the financing of big enterprises, but their operations are
restricted as they do not have the necessary technical advisers.
The new corporation will provide facilities for commercial and
industrial financing in the British Empire, Europe, and the United
States; will promote cooperation between English and American
interests, and will seek contracts for the purpose of international
industrial development. The Chase Securities Corporation, an inte-
gral branch of the Chase National Bank, opens up an avenue of ap-
proach to a large volume of American capital. A large amount also
of British money is ready to be placed in American investments. Sir
Alfred Mond estbnates that £300,000,000 are available yearly in
Great Britain for investment in industrial enterprises. Any statement
as to the exact nature of the early operations by the company is not
possible; the intention is not to enter the field of govermnent or munici-
pal loan financing. The company will probably take its share of under-
writing, consider new projects, and, when proved and demonstrated,
find capital with which to develop them. The temporary offices of
the corporation are at 14 Cornhill, London, E. C. 3.
IMPORTS AND EXPORTS
In 1926 Great Britain imported 4,214,112 pounds of coal-tar dyes,
valued at $4,242,468; in 1927 imports were larger both in quantity
(4,660,432 pounds) and value ($4,967,767). Exports of coal-tar dyes
in 1926 amounted to 6,014,288 pounds, valued at $2,428,287, and in
158 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
1927 to 8,705,984 pounds, valued at $3,201,349. The following tables
show the British foreign trade in dyes and dyestuffs for 1925-1927:
Table 45. — United Kingdom: Imports of coal-tar dyes, 1926 i
Class of dye and country of origin
Quantity
Value
Alizarin:
Germany _ .
Pounds
143, 920
2,240
32, 032
1,232
$216, 536
France.- _. ...
1,448
Switzerland
102, 518
Other foreign countries
2,172
Total
179, 424
322, 674
other coal-tar dyes:
Germany
2, 549, 120
63, 728
103, 712
56, 672
1, 203, 664
28,000
19,600
2, 141, 748
Netherlands
57, 896
Belgium. . .
102, 397
France
45, 191
Sv/itzerland
1, 495, 205
United States .
23, 086
Other foreign countries
33, 245
Total from foreign countries
4, 024, 496
3, 898, 768
Canada
9,408
784
20, 769
other British countries
257
Total from British countries
10, 192
4, 034, 688
21, 026
Total imported
3, 919, 794
Grand total
4, 214, 112
4, 242, 468
• Annual Statement of the Trade of the United Kingdom With Foreign Countries and British Coun-
tries, 1926. Values converted at annual exchange rate, 1926, 1,£ =$4.858235.
Table 46. — United Kingdom: Imports and exports of dyeing and tanning materials,
1925-1927 1
1925
1926
1927
IMPORTS
Coal-tar products:
Intermediates
Finished coal-tar dyestuffs—
Alizarin
Other
Extracts for dyeing, natural:
Cutch
Other
Natural indigo
Extracts for tanning.
Coal-tar products.
Other
Extracts for dyeing:
Cutch
Other
Natural indigo
Extracts for tanning.
REEXPORTS
Pounds
147, 728
1,243,312
3, 194, 912
7, 829, 136
5, 950, 448
25, 536
138, 511, 072
11,666,032
5, 787, 264
2, 430, 176
495, 600
14, 784
11,511,920
Pounds
38,640
179, 424
4, 057, 872
6,711,712
3, 788, 064
51, 968
125, 706, 224
8, 481, 424
7, 579, 824
1, 977, 920
311,808
7,392
6, 361, 488
Pounds
76, 384
115, 696
4, 544, 736
5, 451, 488
4, 969, 776
28,784
143, 416, 000
8, 705, 984
9, 873, 808
1, 668, 800
287, 056
15, 456
2, 096, 192
1 Accounts Relating to Trade and Navigation of the United Kingdom, December, 1927.
verted at average annual exchange rate, 1927, 1£ = $4 .861024.
Values con-
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE 159
Table 47. — United Kingdom: Imports and exports of coal-tar dyes, 1927 ^
Quantity : Value
Imports for consumption:
Alizarin
Indigo, synthetic
Other coal-tar dyes— .
Pounds
115, 696
8,064
4, 536, 672
$166, 179
2,343
4, 799, 245
Total.
4,660,432 ' 4,967,767
Natural indigo -
Exports:
Dyes and dyestuffs (except dyewoods and raw dyeing substances) and ex-
tracts for dyeing and tanning products of coal tar
28, 784
31,713
3, 201, 349
Accounts Relating to Trade and Navigation of the United Kingdom, December, 1927.
Table 48. — United Kingdom: Exports of coal-tar dyes, 1926 ^
Class of dye and country of
destination
Quantity
i
Value
Class of dye and country of
destination
Quantity
Value
Alizarin:
Pounds
470, 288
1
$95, 731
12, 044
Other coal-tar dyes— Contd.
Spain
Pounds
22, 736
38,416
232, 624
66, 752
146, 720
16, 128
103, 040
$33, 259
Other British countries. .
37, 968
Italy
41,256
China
117,764
32, 157
508, 256
169, 008
107, 775
51, 609
United States
96, 193
Total to foreign coun-
Brazil.
Other foreign countries. .
Total to foreign coun-
13, 010
57, 104
Total exported
677, 264
159, 384
1,440,208 738,437
Indigo, synthetic:
China
Irish Free State
1,638,000 1 327,227
268, 464 55, 068
180, 656
92, 624
300. 048
28, 224
30, 570
13, 552
934, 080
91,616
162, 288
53, 200
112,789
Other foreign countries..
Union of South Africa...
British Indis—
76, 755
Total to foreign coun-
1, 906, 464 382, 295
103, 488 33, 784
166,948
Madras.-
13, 399
Total to British coun-
Bengal, Assam, Bi-
har, and Orissa
16, 159
8 303
Total exported
2, 009, 952 416, 079
535, 028
64 .522
Other coal-tar dyes:
Sweden . . -
103, 936
40, 992
19, 488
210,000
181,888
231, 392
26, 096
53,713
27, 024
10,090
52, 197
49, 355
137, 439
17, 276
83, 095
Other British countries..
Total to British coun-
tries
37, 389
1,886,864
3, 327, 072
1,114,387
Belgium
Total exported
Grand total.
1, 852, 824
France .. .
6, 014, 288
2, 428, 287
1 Annual Statement of the Trade of the United Kingdom, 1926. Values converted at annual exchange
rate, 1926, 1£ = $4.858235.
The Dye Industry of France
Official figures of dye production in French-owned plants in France,
compiled by the Association of Dye Producers and Consumers for
the years 1920-1926 are as follov/s:
Year Pounds
1920 16,233,000
1921 12,876,000
1922 17,775,000
1923 24,173,000
1924 . 33,012,000
1925. _ 32,066,000
1926 34,420,000
160 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Preliminary estimates of the 1927 production are about 35,000,000
pounds. Approximately 65 per cent of the total output of France,
exclusive of 2,645,000 pounds produced by the Swiss-owned plant at
St. Fons and small quantities produced by individual textile manu-
facturers for their own needs, is produced by the Kuhlmann Co.
This company participates in 12 different French concerns, producing
a wide variety of raw materials, heavy chemicals, dyes, synthetic
products, paper, and rayon. It controls or has large holdings in six
companies outside of France, which produce fertilizers, synthetic prod-
ucts, and dyes. Through association with the St. Clair du Rhone Dye
Co, and with the Swiss plant at St. Fons, the Kuhlmann Co. controls
approximately 70 per cent of French dye production. By the exchange
of shares between the Kuhlmann Co. and the St. Denis Co. (which
produces about 30 per cent of the French output), the dye industry
of France has been further consolidated. This exchange was neces-
sary in order to have a united industry for negotiations recently com-
pleted in the Franco-German dye agreement. In these negotiations
both governments conferred constantly with the two groups. Tariff
schedules, established as a corollary to the commercial treaty, greatly
facilitated the signing of the private protocol.
Some of the aims of the dyestuffs agreement are (1) price agree-
ments, (2) protection of the home markets, and (3) a division of for-
eign markets. Average exports from 1924 through 1926 were used as
the basis of foreign quotas with Germany to obtain approximately
80 per cent and France 20 per cent of their joint sales. These percent-
ages are based upon the gold value of the exports. The accord auto-
matically expires at the end of the third year if the nitrogen agreement
between the two countries has not been reached.
The Swiss are reported to have been negotiating entrance into this
entente, and it is estimated that the total exports to be allotted to the
countries concerned will probably be at the following rate: 70 for
Germany, 19 for Switzerland, and 11 for France. Swiss participa-
tion will be greatly facilitated by the large holdings of the Kuhlmann
Co. and the I. G. in several of the Swiss dye companies. The entrance
of the British producers depends upon the attitude of their Gov-
ernment toward the terms offered, particularly upon the disposition
made of the British colonies; that is to say, whether all or part of
them would be reserved to Great Britain as part of her home market.
If Great Britain had entered originally, the tentative percentages
were to have been 75 for Germany, 13 for Great Britain, and 12 for
France.
The French interests, it is said, will act as sales agents for German
dye companies in Spain, and German agents will handle French dj^es
m the Far East.
A common policy as to prices will be adopted as a result of the
economies expected from this entente, such as reduction in warehouse
stocks. Capital savings may be effected through the reduction of
equipment required, in warehouse facilities, labor, and overhead. A
savings may be effected in the number of colors carried, Kuhlmann
totaling about 1,500 different types as compared with 184 in 1921.
The major saving will probably result from the common sales policy
adopted.
A recent press statement gave the information that French pro-
ducers have been expending 33 per cent of the sales price of dyes for
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE
161
distribution costs, and that a common sales policy has made it possible
to reduce this to 15 per cent. This saving may result in reduced prices^
the effect of which will be of the utmost importance to producers in
other comitries in meeting French competition in world markets.
FRENCH TARIFF RATES ON COAL-TAR DYES (MARCH 1, 1928)
Table 49 gives the maximum and minimum rates of the French
import tariff on coal-tar dyes and shows the rates applicable to such
products coming from the United States. Coal-tar dyes from the
United States are accorded the minimum rates on a majority of the
items, but there still remain a few intermediate duties higher than
the minimum.
All the rates set forth in the table should be multiplied by the coeffi-
cient 5 to obtain the effective duty.
The duties on dyes in paste form containing at least 50 per cent
of water are 50 per cent of the duties on dyes "dry, or classed as dry."
If in the form of "tablets or compressed," the duties are 33 percent
greater than on dyes "dry or classed as dry."
Table 49. — France: Tariff rates on coal-tar dyes, March 1, 1928
Coeffi-
cient
Dry, or classed as dry-
Maxi-
mum
Mini-
mum
United
States
Nitroso coloring matters
Nitro coloring matters except picric acid -.
Coloring matters derived from pyrazolone
Coloring matters derived from stilbene
Monoazo coloring matters, except those designated in the following para-
graph
Reds for lakes and monoazo derivatives of safranine -
Polyazo coloring matters, secondary and tertiary:
Blacks -
Other colors
Reds, diazotisable and fast to light
Thiobenzenyl coloring matters, with the exception of thioflavine
Thioflavine
Sulfur colors:
Blacks
Other colors
Carbazol derivatives
Indophcnols, oxazines, thiazines, except new methylene blue...
New methylene blue
Indulines, nigrosines
Other azines, safranines, eurhodines, and roslndulines
Pyronines..
Pthaleines
Eosines, erythrosines, phloxines, cyanosines, galleines, coeruleines
Derivatives of di- and tri- phenylmethane and their homologues
Coloring matters derived from acridine and quinoline
Oxyquinone coloring matters or alizarine colors other than alizarine and
anthraquinone direct colors
Sulfonic derivatives of indigolin^'
Insoluble coloring matters for vat dyeing:
Derivatives of anthraquinone
Derivatives of anthraquinone with sulfur
Thio-indigos and derivatives -
Chlorinated, brominated and iodinated derivatives of indigo
others
Synthetic indigo
Alizarin
Ft. per
kgr.
7.20
10.00
12.00
12.00
12.00
16.00
12.00
12.00
16.00
12.00
16.00
11.20
12.00
12.00
12.00
16.00
12.00
16.00
16.00
16.00 I
16.00
12.00
16.00
12.00
16.00
16.00
16.00
16.00
16.00
16.00
12.00
12.00
Fr. per
kgr.
1.80
2.50
3.00
3.00
3.00
4.00
3.00
3.00
4.00
3.00
4.00
2.80
3.00
3.00
3.00
4.00
3,00
4.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
3.00
4.00
4.00
3.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
3.00
3.00
Fr. per
kgr.
2.04
2.50
3.00
3.00
3.00
4.00
3.00
3.00
4.00
3.00
4.00
3.06
3.06
3.06
3.06
4,00
3,06
4.00
4.00
4.00
4.08
3.06
4.00
4.00
3.06
4.08
4.08
4.08
4.08
4.08
3.06
3.00
162 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 50. — France: Imports of coal-tar dyes, 1927 ^
Class of dye
Dry
Quantity Value
Paste
Quantity Value
JSIitroso
jNitro -.
Pyrazolone. >.
Stilbene
Monoazo
Polyazo
Thiobenzenyl
;Sulfur
Jndophcnol
Azine
Pyronine and phthalein
Eosine
Diphenylmethane
Acridine
Hydroquinone
Indigotine
Insoluble vat dyes other than indigo .
Cibanone
Alizarin
Indigo ■
Pounds
1,323
9,480
139, 561
20, 282
311,289
349, fjSO
19, 841
32,849
1, 243, 615
50,044
44, 753
6,393
255, 293
18,519
115,301
4,409
98, 105
5,291
1,102
1,764
$824
5,062
143, 069
20, 758
272, 836
344, 606
24, 917
26, 369
552, 931
49, 128
73, 026
9,535
301, 795
32, 569
201, 929
5,101
134, 829
9,888
1,923
1,256
Pounds
$824
1, 102
3,748
353
3,100
39
12, 566
9,480
6,004
4,552
661
15, 432
4,850
882
118
9,143
1,766
392
39
441
589
112, 876
82, 672
51, 147
33, 069
6,614
50, 423
44, 591
40,849
20, 248
1,687
Total.. 2,728,854 I 2,212,351 330,422
144,717
Statistique Mensuelle du Commerce Exterieur de la France, December, 1927. Values converted at aver-
age exchange rate for 1927, 1,000 francs = $39.24.
^ Dr> or paste not specified.
Table 51. — France: Exports of coal-tar dyes, 1927 ^
Class of dye
Nitroso
Kitro
Pyrazolone
Stilbene
JVlonoazo
Polyazo.
Thiobenzenyl
Sulfur _
Indophenol '.
Azine
Pyronine..
Eosine
Diphenylmethane
Acridine
Hydroquinone.
Indigotine
Insoluble vat dyes other than indigo _
Cibanone
Indigo 2
Total 7,489,908 2,642,971
Dry
Quantity Value
Pounds
33, 290
6,393
7,055
2,646
411,158
1, 609, 138
13, 448
939, 160
8,818
63, 933
165, 125
12, 125
1, 678, 582
10, 582
77, 822
1, 954, 157
491,626
220
4,630
$12,
3,
2,
2,
125,
579,
6,
172,
6,
26,
65,
18,
729,
10,
35,
512,
329,
Paste
Quantity Value
Pounds
5,071
17,416
169, 754
661
661
43, 872
12,566
2,425
33, 510
3, 326, 962
30, 865
3, 643, 763
2,197
5,219
66, 159
157
118
16, 559
5,101
4,670
300, 068
11,811
412, 059
' Statistique Mensuelle du Commerce Exterieur de la France, December, 1927. Values converted at aver-
age exchange rate for 1927, 1,000 francs = $39.24.
2 Dry or paste not specified.
The Dye Industry of Italy
The dye industry of Italy now supplies the domestic needs of ton-
nage dyes and has an exportable surplus. A number of dye manu-
facturers in Italy make their own intermediates. Among the more
important manufacturers are: A. E. Bianchi & Co.; Societa Italica
Colori Artificiale; Materie Coloranti Bonelli.
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE 163
The Bonelli Co. has an indigo plant at Cesarano Maderno, with a
reported capacity of 3,000,000 pounds annually. It not only manu-
factures dyes and intermediates but also operates a plant for the
production of electrolytic caustic soda, from which 300,000 cubic
meters of hydrogen are obtained in 24 hours as a by-product. Hy-
drogen is used in recently developed processes for the manufacture-
of benzidine, para amino phenol, alpha nephthylamine ; para and
meta phenylene and toluene diamine, Cleve's, H, Laurent and peri-
and amino-salicylic acid. Production also of hydro-azo benzene froirt
nitro benzene by the use of sodium amalgam is reported.
The Industria Chimica, a comparatively new concern, produces
high quality chrome dyes, Italian manufacturers have been suc-
cessful with a number of acid dyes, among which are a fast light
yellow, acid red, and black, and tartrazine. Excellent basic and
direct dyes are made and progress is reported in the production of
yellow, brown, and black chrome dyes. Diamine black P V of the
Industria Chimica is an example of the direct dyes.
The Societa Italiana Prodotti Esplodenti of Cengio controls sl
number of gas plants, distilling about 600,000 tons of coal annually.
This company manufactures numerous intermediates and chemicals:
used in the production of finished coal-tar products. The S. I. P. E.
of Cengio; the Bonelli, the Italica, and the wSchiapparelli are more or
less controlled by the Societa Italiana del Gas di Torrino.
A fusion of dye concerns in Italy is a step toward mternational
agreements. In negotiations between German and Italian manu-
facturers Italy will probably obtain a percentage quota for the-
home mai'ket and a quota for export principally of tonnage dyes,,
such as indigo and the sulfur colors. A recent report indicates that
a prelimuiary agreement was reached between the French-German-
Swiss Dye Cartel and the Italian Dye-Explosives Cartel, the latter-
including Italgas and Montecatini. This agreement will establish
quotas on dye imports mto Italy based on 1927 totals as follows r:
Germany, 70 per cent; France, 20 per cent; and Switzerland 10'
per cent.
Table 52. — Italy: Imports of synthetic organic dyes by countries, 1927 ^
Imported from—
i Quantity..'
1
P minds
110,7101
1,766.54©
514, 55«
733, aiT.
86,4201
Total
3, 22i; 141
Statistica del Commereio Specials di Importazione e di Esportazione, January-December, 1927,'.
164 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 53. — Italy: Imports and exports of synthetic organic dyes, 1927
Class of dye
Sulfur black--
Account of German reparations-- -
Other sulfur dyes
Account of German reparations
Other synthetic organic dyes, dry, or containing less than
50 per cent of water
Account of German reparations. .- -..
In paste, or containing 50 per cent or more of water
Account of German reparations
Total '... -
Natural indigo
Imports
Quantity value
Pounds
26, 235
220
111,553
4,409
2, 222. 898
396, 608
345, 902
113,316
$10, 133
""94,"900"
2, 432, 987
"""i57,"389'
3,221,141 2,695,409
7,496 I 6,998
I
Exports
Quantity Value
Pounds
256, 395
335, 761
23,148
620, 595
441
$43,589
1,775
279, 927
9,284
334, 575
1 Statistica del Commercio Speciale di Importazione e di Esportazione, January-December, 1927. Values
converted at average exchange rate 1927, 1 lire=$0.05156.
The Dye Industry of Japan
The industrial policy of the Japanese Government is directed
toward making the nation, as far as possible, self-supporting in all
necessary commodities. In 1927 the industrial enterprises that
received grants in aid from the Government, by special legislative
enactment, were those engaged m the manufacture of (1) dyes and
(2) iron and steel.
In 1915 a law was enacted for the encouragement of the manufac-
ture of dyes and drugs. This provided for a subsidy for 10 years to
a joint-stock company engaged in the production of coal-tar dyes
and drugs. This subsidy was to be sufficient in amount to guarantee
the company dividends equal to 8 per cent of the paid-in capital.
The Nippon Senryo Kaisha (Japan Dyestuffs Co.) was established
and continued in operation only as long as the subsidy was in opera-
tion. The period of the subsidy was not extended, so that although
the law has not been repealed, it is ineffective.
In 1925 a new law was enacted which provided for a subsidy for a
period of six years not to exceed 4,000,000 yen, of which not more
than 1,000,000 yen was to be expended in any one year. This was
to be paid to three joint-stock companies for the production of certain
specified dyes. Japanese manufacturers have been successful in pro-
ducing only 8 out of the 20 dyes designated to be aided by the subsidy,
and as a result only 680,000 yen of the total subsidy has been expended.
On August 1, 1927, seven new dyes were added to the list of those
entitled to receive grants. The complete list of the dyes now entitled
to the subsidy is as follows :
Victoria blue.
Magenta.
Rhodamine G.
Safranine.
Auramine.
Direct fast black.
Direct black B H.
Direct copper blue.
Direct blue 6B.
Acid fast black.
Wool green S.
Chrome black F.
Anthraquinone vat blue.
Stilbene yellow.
Direct claret.
Direct fast scarlet.
Acid fast blue.
Acid violet.
Carbazol vat blue.
Beta hydroxy naphthoic-acid-anilide.
Carbonil orange.
Direct brown M.
Direct violet.
Quinoline yellow.
Rhodamine 6G.
Crystal violet.
Ponceau 3X.
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE
165
In the last general revision of the tariff in March, 1926, import
duties on dyes were changed from ad valorem to specific rates and
were made high enough to affect imports from the United States.
When a general treaty of commerce and navigation was concluded
with Germany, the import restrictions which had been enforced in
respect to German goods were withdrawn, but it is understood
that an agreement was reached whereby Germany was to restrict
exports of certain dyes to Japan. The scope of this restriction is
somewhat narrow and does not include any of the new dyes produced
since August, 1927, with the aid of the subsidy. It is now proposed
to raise the import duties on dyes in order to assist further the Japan-
ese dye manufacturers and to enable them to compete more success-
fully with the German imports.
The total imports of coal-tar dyes into Japan in 1926 were 6,986,501
pounds, valued at $4,324,805, as compared with 6,740,306 pounds,
valued at S3,400,670 in 1925. Of the imports in 1926, a total of
2,554,001 pounds of indigo were imported, of which 1,892,387 pounds
were from Germany. A total of 4,432,500 pounds of dyes other than
indigo were imported m 1926, of which 2,913,379 pounds were from
Germany. Imports from Germany in 1926 show an increase over
1925 of more than 1,000,000 pounds.
The exports of dyes in 1926 (largely to China) were 1,046,520
pounds, valued at $152,657, as compared with 1,685,606 pounds,
valued at $214,209 in 1925.
Table 54.
— Japan:
Imports
/ coal-tar
dyes, 1924-1926 i
Class of dye and country of
1924
1925
1926
origin
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Indigo, artificial:
Pounds
123, 679
1, 716, 030
40,344
258, 337
15, 741
1, 140, 228
661
$81, 548
1, 009, 050
22, 240
154,858
8, 237
319, 601
1,236
Pounds
234, 792
1,111,920
$121,057
591, 332
Pounds
208, 987
1, 892, 387
$104, 127
Germanv
910, 287
228, 442
113, 260
130, 815
65, 492
Netherlands
United States -
572, 892
132
248, 269
410
321, 548
264
153, 599
other countries
471
Total
3, 295, 020
1, 596, 770
2, 148, 178
1, 074, 328
2, 554, 001
1, 233, 976
Aniline dyes:
13, 095
111,510
11,832,310
11,243
19,048
759, 535
1, 349, 490
132
7,825
46. 694
14, 773
90,690
21, 295
178. 565
14, 606
France
42, 009 198. 019
86, 694
Germany .
4, 096, 330
5,766
10, 296
358, 316
402, 384
1,648
2, 459, 823
1, 473, 610 2. 886. 925
2, 350, 632
2,910
1,885
Italy
2,116
440, 086
1, 347, 770
529
821
239, 651
392, 716
1,642
Switzerland
594, 157
700, 237
330, 285
United States
275. 630
397 1 r.414
Total
14, 096, 363
4, 924, 574
4, 495, 037
2,213,903 ; 4,384,486
3, 061, 146
other coal-tar dyes:
Great Britain
529
8,333
1,587
26, 454
132
11,111
397
3,298
471
Germanv
171, 960
167, 214
91, 139
5,159
109, 567
2,052
410
410
19, 789
Switzerland
5, 654
other countries ...
661
824
264
471
Total...
172, 621
168, 038
97, 091
112,439 [ 48,014
29, 683
Grand total
17, 564, 004
6, 689, 382
6, 740, 306
3,400,670 1 6,986,501
4. 324, 805
Dry indigo, natural:
China
4,233
10, 714
10, 714
46, 165
2,873
10, 259
12,311
31.598
British India..
99, 869
6,085
86, 490
5,766
1,323
4,100
4.233
942
Dutch East Indies...
United States
3,298
2,827
other countries
132
265 820 ; 132
Total
106,086 1 92.256
72, 091
57,861 1 9.788
7,067
'
1 Annual Return of the Foreign Trade of the Empire of Japan, Part 1, 1926. Values converted at exchange
rates of 1 yen = $0.411857 in 1924, $0.410362 in 1925, and $0.471163 in 1926.
166 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 55. — Japan: Exports of coal-tar dyes, 1924-1926 >
Country of destination
1924
1925
1926
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Pounds
1, 756, 374
93, 784
30, 821
16, 270
$251, 233
13, 179
6,178
11,532
Poimds
1, 550, 816
32, 143
71,430
19, 974
8,333
2,046
264
$189, 177
4,514
8,618
9,849
821
410
820
Pounds
1, 002, 871
20, 370
7,672
8,994
4,100
2,116
397
$141, M9
Kwantung Province
3,298
Hong Kong .
943
5,654
Straits Settlements
471
Dutch East Indies..
Other countries
2,249
824
942
Total
1,899,498
282, 946
1, 685, 606
214, 209
1, 046, 520
152, 657
> Annual Return of the Foreign Trade o Ithe Empire of Japan, Part 1, 1926. Values converted at exchange
rates of 1 yen = $0.41 1857 in 1924, $0.410362 in 1925, and $0.471163 in 1923.
The Dye Industry of Switzerland
The net earnings of the four important dye factories of Switzerland
in 1927 ranged from 25 to 42 per cent and the dividends to stock-
holders ranged from 12 to 25 per cent. The stock of the J. R. Geigy
S. A. is owned by the Geigy family and no published balance sheet
is available. The net earnings of the Geigy company in 1927 are
estimated to be not less than 35 per cent.
A statement of the capital, net earnings, and dividends in 1927 of
the three other important dye firms follows:^
Capital
Net
earnings
Divi-
dends
Durand and Huguenin S. A..
Society of Chemical Industry.
Sandoz Chemical Works
Francs
2, 000, 000
20, 000, 000
7, 500, 000
Per cent
34
25
42
Per cent
12
15
25
The prosperous condition of the industry is indicated by the in-
creased value per share of the Sandoz Works and the Society of Chem-
ical Industry. The par value of the shares of each of these com-
panies is 1,000 francs. On December 31, 1927, the shares of the
Society of Chemical Industiy were quoted on the Basel Exchange at
2,825 francs, compared with 2,568 francs at the close of 1926; those
of the Sandoz Chemical Works were quoted at 4,400 francs per share
at the close of 1927, as compared with 4,000 francs in 1926. An
agreement for the pooling of profits and losses has existed for several
years between Geigy, Sandoz, and Society of Chemical Industry.
During the past 10 years the three companies established plants in
Grenzach, Germany; St. Fons, France; Clayton, England; Seriate,
Italy; Pabianice, Poland; and Cincinnati, Ohio. These plants —
owned and operated jointly^ — supply large quantities of dyes direct
to consumers in their respective localities, and reduce the exports
from Switzerland.
EXPORTS IN 1927
Switzerland exports about 90 per cent of her production of dyes.
Despite serious competition, occasioned by an increase in production
in the United States, in Great Britain, in France, in Italy, and in
Japan, exports of dyes from Switzerland in 1927 were greater than
in 1926. In the latter year they were valued at approximately
$12,000,000 and in 1927, exceeded $14,000,000.
Since 1924 exports of indigo have declined steadily. This decline
is attributed, in large part, to competition from Germany and from
the United States. Indigo shipped to China in 1927 was a million
2 Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Department of Commerce.
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE
167
pounds below the 1926 tonnage. Dyes other than indigo exported
to Germany and to France have increased in quantity and value,
and those exported to the United States show decreases both in
quantity and in value. The exports to France increased both in
quantity and in value in 1927; the exports to the United States de-
creased in both quantity and in value. The dyes exported to France
and to the United States are high-cost products with an average value
of over $1 a pound.
Of the dyes other than indigo, Swiss exports increased both in
quantity and in value. Germany was again the best customer of
Switzerland and in 1927 received 4,394,932 pounds of anihne and other
coal-tar dyes valued at $2,739,094, and 54,648 pounds of indigo
valued at $10,681.
Switzerland's trade with Russia, discontinued some years ago, was
resumed after the embargo on dyes was lifted in the spring of 1927.
Although deliveries could not be made until late in that year, the
value of exports of dyes to Russia reached S69,499.
Table 56. — Switzerland: I
mports and exports
of coal-tar dyes, 1927 '^
Aniline and other coal-
tar dyes
Indigo, indigo solution
Alizarin
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Imports from—
Germany . .
Pounds
2, 060, 948
164, 375
25, 349
6,975
5,002
44,780
2,756
14, 043
53
$1, 494, 669
88, 266
9,438
2,984
6,139
33, 403
1,830
2,165
77
Pounds
108, 857
31, 283
27
$29, 005
3,335
14
Pounds
186, 168
$29. 912
France
218 57
Italy
Great Britain. .
4
2
22 15
United States
2,059
187
]
other countries
Total.
2, 324, 341
1, 638, 971
142, 230
32, 543
186, 408 29, 984
Exports to—
4, 394, 932
261,818
1, 736, 032
559, 514
707, 538
402, 796
1,118,491
181,842
148, 709
123, 489
67, 137
524, 948
91,617
68, 669
422, 157
1,313,316
114, 646
120, 614
31, 940
134, 747
307. 806
50, 130
27, 555
6,607
896, 935
26, 781
29, 376
113,321
206, 860
544, 668
332, 476
1, 040, 157
88,221
233,410
158, 061
73, 770
2, 739, 094
181, 164
2, 083, 407
612, 810
409, 674
282, 856
1, 227, 136
331, 740
85, 058
106, 596
58, 640
417, 100
94, 988
63, 518
528, 958
859, 535
69, 542
56, 519
26, 570
91,081
191. 635
69, 499
18, 505
5,026
633, 810
17, 774
21, 229
96, 752
134. 636
459, 062
231, 907
1, 069, 894
75, 680
263, 761
109, 683
54,431
54,648 1 10.681
1,100
11,314
63, 431
487
6,640
9,581
Italy
168 1 186
688 380
Great Britain
Spain
Portugal
17, 804
4,520
2,425
8,866
3,159
2,677
Poland
628
256
2,987
331
17, 220
1,232
411
215
1,625
231
6,803
785
Hungary.
Egypt
54, 555
25, 236
90, 933
13, 786
10,540
41, 392
216, 247
41, 600
Dutch East Indies
China
Japan
Cai|^da .-
37, 615
2, 713, 719
265, 480
11,637
453, 685
153, 803
30, 754
5,451
882
10, 582
1,147
4,315
Mexico
Brazil
Other countries
5,657
2,488
Total .-
! 16,661,086
13, 779, 270
3, 383, 411
745, 520
247, 001
47. 051
' Statistik des Warenverkehrs der Schweiz mit dem Auslande, 1927.
change rate, 1927, 1 franc=$0.192618.
7709—28 12
Values converted at average ex-
168 census of dyes and other synthetic chemicals
The Dye Trade of Other Countries
Table 57. — Argentina: Imports of coal-tar dyes, 1926 *
Imported from —
Germany
Bolivia
Chile
United States
France
Italy
Japan
Netherlands
United Kingdom.
Sweden
Switzerland
Uruguay
Other countries...
Aniline dyes
Quantity Value
Total.
Pounds
353, 706
379
2,123
330, 375
10, 401
55, 183 I
845
18, 433
3,587
1,477
116, 244
2,628
77
$211, 210
253
1,196
189, 977
6,490
33, 451
565
11,498
1,885
894
67, 963
1,708
53
895, 458
527, 143
Indigo
Quantity Value
Pounds
48
472
$49
473
245
163
164
940
1 Anuario del Comereio Exterior de la Eepublica Argentina 1926. Values converted at average ex-
change rate, 1926, 1 oro= $0.921497.
Table 58. — Belgium: Imports and exports of coal-tar dyes, dry and paste, 1927 ^
Imports
Exports
Class of dye and country
of origin
Quantity
Value
Class of dye and country
of destination
Quantity
Value
Alizarin:
Germany
Pounds
441
1,102
$584
390
Alizarin
Pounds
3,748
$417
ther countries
Total
Total
1,543
974
3,748
417
15, 212
14. 771
10, 687
4,203
1,323
167
Germany
Total
Other countiies ..
Total
29, 983
14, 890
1,323
167
Aniline dyes:
Germany
Aniline dyes:
Germany . .
3, 072, 771
549, 607
664, 246
408, 733
412, 922
125, 662
1, 190, 554
120, 731
191, 227
77, 593
196, 515
29, 835
495, 153
9,921
20, 723
40,124
69, 886
3,968
3,307
274, 032
99, 468
United States
United States
4,870
France
Great Britain
7,765
Netherlands
British India..
12, 468
Switzerland
Netherlands
26, 245
Other countries ..
Poland
2,699
Rumania
668
Other countries
Total
67, 908
Total
5, 233, 941
1, 806, 455
917, 114
222, 091
Indigo, synthetic. .
Indigo, synthetic:
156, 747
22, 707
14, 444
2,088
18, 739
2,087
Germany . _
1 Total
Other countries..
Total . .
179, 454
16, 532
18, 739
2,087
Other coal-tar dyes:
France
Other coal-tar dyes:
Germany..
4,189
4,189
7,716
5,732
1,447
557
2,226
2,950
3,748
8,157
51, 367
1,976
1 Netherlands
613
Great Britain
Other countries
Total
2,588
Other countries . .
9
Total
21, 826
7,180
63, 272
5,177
Grand total
Grand total
5,466,747
1, 846, 031
1, 004, 196
229, 939
' Bulletin Mensuel du Commerce Special, December, 1927. Values converted at average exchange rate,
1927, 1,000 francs=^$27.831.
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE
Table 59, — Brazil: Imports of coal-tar dyes, 1926 ^
169
Class of dye
Quantity
Value
Pounds
742. 668
749, 434
$640,444
99, 430
Total
1, 492, 102
739, 874
> Comercio Exterior do Brasil January-December, 1926. Values converted at average exchange rate,
1926, 1 milreis, paper=$0.144357.
Table 60. — Canada: Imports of coal-tar dyes, year ended March SI, 1927 ^
Class of dye and country of
origin
Quantity
Value
Aniline and coal-tar dyes, soluble in water, in bulk or packages of not less than
one pound weight, including alizarin and artificial alizarin:
Pounds
134, 628
1,466,366
162, 371
813, 968
313, 700
3,285
$84, 407
United States ---
877, 168
38, 629
589, 074
232, 027
Other countries -
2,462
Total
2, 894, 318
1, 823, 767
Aniline and coal-tar dyes, n. o. p.:
3,734
16, 538
180
2,674
United States
8,270
Other countries.
30
Total
20, 452
10, 974
Indigo: United States
102
123
Indigo paste and extract of:
United Kingdom .
360
96, 669
242
United States .... .. .
10, 202
Total
97, 029
10, 444
Grand total
3,011,901
1, 845, 308
» Monthly Report of the Trade of Canada, March 31, 1927. Values converted at average exchange rate,
year ended Mar. 31, 1927, 1 Canadian dollar=$1.000284.
Table 61.-
-China:
Imports of dyes, colors, and paints, 1926 '
Class of dye and coun-
Value
Class of dye and coun-
try of origin
Liquid or paste
Dried
try of origin
Quantity
Value
Quantity Value
Aniline:
$772,435
643
4,170
2,556
4,807
2,761
103, 047
1,982
812, 852
854, 935
1,259
87, 173
67, 535
3,092
8,865
96,433
1,912
380, 840
350
Indigo, artificial:
Hong Kong
Pounds
2, 391, 674
1, 670, 225
12, 994, 342
$827, 273
284, 251
3, 039, 028
1, 099, 752
344, 039
736, 822
5,652
18,623
3,977
19,109
2, 120, 587
1,162
Pounds
265, 993
6,667
$224, 459
Great Britain
Germanv -
6. 525
Siam
1,608,226 ' 764,715
Singapore Strs. etc
Netherlands ....
4, 268, 693
1, 229, 703 650. 430
Dutch Indies
France
2, 157, 279
3, 848, 704
28, 399
63, 198
66, 932
32, 827
British India
Switzerland
Russia, Pacific Ports.
Korea .
Denmark
Germany.
Japan (including
Formosa)
28, 533
61.. 598
1
Netherlands
133 386
BplEpiim
France
United States (in-
cluding Hawaii) ... 15, 045, 624
Other countries. . i 4. 667
j
Switzerland
533 241
Italy. .
267 179
Total.
Japan (including
42, 562, 936
233, 194
8, 500, 275
43,454
3,178,454 ! 1.679.762
Formosa) ..
Reexports
113, 864
56, 721
Total net imports.
United States (in-
cluding Hawaii)...
Other countries
42, 329, 742
8,456,821
3, 064, 590
1, 623, 041
Total
Reexports
3, 207, 647
410, 868
Total net imports
2, 796, 779
' Foreign Trade of China, 1926. Values converted at average exchange rate, 1926, haikwan tael = $0.8041.
170 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 61. — China: Imports of dyes, colors, and paints, 1926 — Continued
Class of dye and country of origin
Dyes and colors, unclassed:
Hong Kong -.-
Macao
French Indo-China
Siam
Singapore Strs., etc
Dutch Indies
British India
Great Britain
Sweden
Germany
Netherlands
Belgium
France — —
Russia and Siberia by land
frontier.--
Russia, Pacifie ports
Korea
Japan (including Formosa)
United States (including Ha-
waii) -
Total.-
Reexports
Total net imports
Value
$145, 777
572
12, 242
1,478
52, 394
15, 920
6,189
24, 150
287
143, 524
3,423
1,788
3,080
3,463
437
10, 403
134, 171
4,638
563, 938
9,322
554, 614
Class of dye and country of origin
Sulfur black:
Hong Kong
Germany
Netherlands
Italy
Korea
Japan (including Formosa)
United States
Total
Reexports
Total net imports
Grand total
Indigo, natural, liquid or dried
Hong Kong _.
Macao
French Indo-China
Total
Quantity
Pounds
31, 466
445, 855
458, 655
20, 533
21, 466
2,224,211
1, 879, 820
5, 082, 006
105, 464
4, 976, 542
50, 370, 874
1,733
400
267
Value
$3,898
47,087
59, 052
3,572
3,502
247, 595
210, 792
675, 498
11, 816
563, 682
2 10, 643, 544
332
24
30
2,400
386
2 Exclusive of "Aniline dyes" and "Dyes and colors, unclassed" amounting to a value of $3,351,393.
Table 62. — China: Exports of indigo, 1926 '
Country of destination
Hong Kong
Macao
French Indo-China
Singapore Straits, and others
British India
Japan (including Formosa)..
Total
Quantity
Pounds
36,666
8, 1.33
25, 466
337. 858
1,733
7,600
417, 456
Value
$2,456
425
1,055
9,780
105
634
14, 455
•Foreign Trade of China, 1926. Values converted at average exchange rate, 1926, 1 haikwantael =$0.8041
Table 63. — Czechoslovakia: Imports and exports of coal-tar dyes, calendar year
1926^
Class of dye and country
Imports
Class of dye and country
of destination
Exports
of origin
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Anthraquinone dyes:
Pounds
132. 497
29,542
1.984
2,425
1,102
882
661
220
$66, 166
22,717
2,221
800
118
563
178
59
30
Anthraquinone dyes:
Netherlands
Pounds
7,496
662
220
220
220
$1,303
Hamburg
208
Poland
296
Germany
Hungary
§9
Total-
Hungary ...
Belgium ..
Total
169.313 1 92,852
8,818 1 1,955
Sulfur black:
Germany
787, 263
72, 090
24, 250
16,314
5,732
2,205
114, 503
12, 439
1,185
3,288
355
237
United States
Switzerland.
Belgium . _
ther countries
Total
907, 854 132. 007
' Commerce Exterieur De La Republique Tchecoslovaque, 1920, Part 1. Values converted at average
exchange rate, 1926, 1,000 crowns = $29,618.
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE
171
Table 63. — Czechoslovakia: Imports and exports of coal-tar dyes, calendar year
i 9^6— Continued
Class of dye and country
Imports
Class of dye and country
of destination
Exports
of origin
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Sulfur and azo dyes:
Germany .....
Pounds
43, 431
25, 573
20, 723
2,866
$24, 997
12,617
7,849
1,007
30
Sulfur and azo dyes:
Germany . .
Pounds
47. 178
882
441
$10, 929
Switzerland . . ..
Austria.. .
148
Netherlands
59
United States
Poland
30
Austria..
Total
Total
92, 593
46, 500
48, 501
11, 166
All other coal-tar dyes:
Germany
All other coal-tar dyes:
Germany
3, 995, 617
896,611
203, 925
111,773
54, 013
24. 251
11,905
8,377
7,937
2.866
1,323
441
220
2, 684, 131
448, 505
83. 464
48, 455
12. 825
14, 305
2,340
5, 005
2,814
1,066
296
296
30
1, 250, 890
111,332
90, 829
56, 879
46. 297
24, 912
21, 826
16,314
14, 330
6,614
5,511
4,409
2,866
882
882
2,866
479, 812
Switzerland
Austria . . .
36, 874
France.
Hungary .
31, 633
Netherlands
Netherlands
13, 950
United States
Union of Socialistic
Soviet Republics
Belgium
Austria
Belgium
29, 559
10,811
Great Britain . ...
Bulgaria
5,361
Kingdom of the Serbs,
Croats, and Slovenes.
Hungary
Italy
6.249
5,479
Poland
Switzerland
4,324
Other countries
Sweden
2,310
Poland
Italy
Turkey..
3,317
2,192
918
France
563
Other countries
Total
2,606
Total
5, 319, 259
3, 303, 532
1, 657, 639
635, 958
Grand total...
Grand total
6, 489, 019
3. 574, 891
1, 714, 958
649, 079
Indigo, natural:
Hungary
Indigo, natural:
Germany
647, 050
106, 041
71, 208
3,748
1,323
441
133, 518
10,810
6,812
1,570
1,392
89
43, 651
30, 424
5,952
3,086
4,709
France
Austria
3,081
United States
Rumania
681
Switzerland
Poland
296
Austria
Total
Hungary ..
Total
829,811
154, 191
83, 113
8,767
Table 64. — Egypt: Imports and exports of coal-tar dyes, 1927 ^
Imports
Reexports
Class of dye and country of
origin
Quantity
Value
Class of dye and country
of destination
Quantity
Value
Synthetic indigo:
France
Pounds
164,543
382, 264
68, 298
29
$36, 159
80, 587
13,376
10
Sythetic indigo
Pounds
36, 021
62, 337
$11,438
ther coal-tar dyes
37, 523
Total
98, 358
48, 961
Total
615, 134
130, 132
Other coal-tar dyes:
Germany...
244, 210
29, 495
42, 968
97, 572
13, 677
16, 678
Switzerland.. ....
Other countries
Total
316,673 127.927
Natural indigo:
British India
9,616
6,179
Other dyes:
United Kingdom
5, 611
7,928
9,215
4,360
6,040
4,820
Germany
Other countreis
Total
22,754
15, 220
Grand total
964, 177
279,458
' Monthly Summary of the Foreign Trade of Egypt, December, 1927. Exchange rates for the Egyptian
pound for the year 1927 are not available, therefore the values for 1927 have been converted at par at the
rate of $4.9431.
172 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 65. — India: Imports of coal-tar dyes and exports of natural indigo, year
ended March 31, 1927 i
Imports of coal-tar dyes
Class of dye and country of
origin
Alizarin:
United Kingdom.
Ceylon
Sweden
Germany
Netlierlands
Belgium
France...
Switzerland
Italy
Total.
Aniline:
United Kingdom
Aden and dependencies
Georgia
Norway
Germany
Netherlands
Belgium
France.
Switzerland
Italy
Austria
Hungary
China (exclusive of Hong
Kong and Macao)
Japan
United States
Quantity
Pounds
741, 872
2,240
2,800
2,991,139
999, 816
153, 887
9,520
82, 652
60, 737
Value
$142, 836
779
517
701, 223
253, 453
38, 036
1,646
15, 546
13, 459
5, 044, 663 1, 167, 495
443, 291
4,319
3,370
2,390
,011,810
410,714
359, 007
83, 440
403, 943
267, 727
8,980
448
2,228
13, 638
, 951, 513
248, 403
3,349
2,481
424
3, 045, 593
272, 920
258, 279
52, 959
257, 501
148, 392
1,752
585
1,617
10, 394
698, 257
Total 9,956,818 ^5, 002, 906
Other coal-tar dyes:
United Kingdom.
Germany ,
Belgium.
United States
Total.
724
6,707
305
958
585
2,337
Imports of coal-tar dyes
Class of dye and country of
origin
Indigo, synthetic:
United Kingdom.
Germany
Quantity
Pounds
898
5,376
Total.
Reexports:
Alizarin.
Aniline..
Total
Total net imports.
6,272
4,069
211,941
Value
$522
3,024
3,546
8S1
156,623
216,010 157,504
14,797,450 6,018,780
Exports of natural indigo
Country of destination Quantity Value
United Kingdom
Cyprus
Mesopotamia
Georgia
Greece
Turkey in Europe
Turkey in Asia
Syria
Armenia
Other native States in Ara-
bia
Persia
Japan
Egypt
Other countries
Total
Pounds
41, 104
3,472
46, 032
784
34, 944
1,904
560
7,392
560
1,232
10, 304
3,360
25, 200
1,008
177, 856
$27, 304
3,007
44,040
1,015
35, 931
1,924
812
8,525
648
1,466
7,617
1,363
19,309
713
153,674
1 Annual Statement of the Sea-borne Trade of British India, year ended March 31, 1927, Vol. I. Values
converted at average exchange rate for year ending March 31, 1927, 1 rupee=$0. 36246.
Table 66.
— India:
Imports
of coal-tar dyes,
calendar
year 1927 ^
Class of dy
e and count
ry of origin
Quantity
Value
Alizarin:
United Kingdom . .
Pounds
1, 276, 987
3, 134, 024
52S, 584
114,610
92,186
191,433
$278, 164
746, 794
124,269
22,940
19,013
Other countries .
60,070
Total
5, 337, 824
1,251,250
Aniline:
United Kingdom . .
438, 892
8, 304, 941
229, 214
230, 281
510, 328
561, 623
1,359,419
616, 078
277,877
Germanv
3, 905, 270
138, 592
Belgium .
140,992
340,234
Italy . .
271,849
United States
467,363
Other countries
378,607
Total
12, 250, 776
5, 920, 784
Other coal-tar dyes: Total
81,773
81,429
Total of dyes obt
ained from
coal tar ..
17, 670, 373
5,376
7,253,463
Ssmthetic indigo
3,188
' Accounts Relating to the Sea-borne Trade and Navigation of British India for the calendar year 1927.
Values converted at average exchange rate, 1927, 1 rupee=$0.363117.
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE
Table 67. — India: Exports of indigo, calendar year 1927 '
173
Country of destination
Quantity
Value
Pounds
43,008
64,064
8,512
13, 216
76, 720
$30, 998
61,892
6,578
9,525
66, 613
Total .
205, 520
175 606
'Accounts Relating to the Sea-borne Trade and Navigation of British India, for the calendar year 1927.
Values converted at average exchange rate, 1927, 1 rupee=$0.363117.
Table 68. — Netherlands: Imports and exports of coal-tar dyes, 1926 '
Imports
Exports
Country of origin or destination
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Pounds
3, 079, 414
177, 219
30, 827
226, 915
63, 799
$1, 836, 895
60, 734
16, 532
92, 440
10, 307
Pounds
653, 141
484, 655
7,337
16, 548
4,588
58, 122
3,695
28, 210
88,834
833
2,804
29,515
3,552
18, 325
36, 457
48, 391
12, 487
2,463
1,512
10, 176
1,559
15,216
39, 035
194, 973
10, 930
8,433
6,025
1, 653
860
9,773
1,720
12,088
55, 730
13, 655
730
2,273
2,363
908
6,938
6,345
$241, 046
82, 274
Great Britain
4,410
10, 086
United States
4,424
18, 912
2,237
12, 206
4,217
1,537
1,186
1,033
27, 084
581
1,018
725
3,651
33, 677
191
3,307
9,985
■9, 448
1,886
9,399
10, 060
6,892
1,847
13, 241
3,987
1,043
7,224
402, 503
2,077
236, 746
889
6,012
401
7,856
10, 682
16, 587
4,794
62, 971
1,386
4,746
3,035
416
1,203
5,560
902
3,068
Brazil --- .
39, 577
Chile --
3,239
950
545
968
606
494
124
4,914
3,094
Total --
4,055,681
2, 278, 198
1, 902, 852
616, 362
1 Jaarstatistiek van den in-, uit- en doorvoer, 1926.
1 gulden = $0.400984.
Values converted at average exchange rate, 1926,
174 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 69. — Poland: Imports and exports of synthetic dyes, calendar year 1926 *
Class of dye and country of origin or destination
Imports
Exports
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Alizarin dyes, in paste: Germany
Pounds
66
44
$112
112
Pounds
Sulfur dyes: Germany. .
Indigo carmine:
Czechoslovakia
3,968
2,205
Germany . ...
Latvia- .. ..... .. .. .
22
44
Other countries
1,543
Total -.
7,716
2,683
66
$45
Other dyes:
Germany
143, 961
23, 810
35,494
Switzerland . .. . .. . .
148, 149
3,968
Other covmtries
42,328
Total
210, 099
177, 532
187.611
124, 988
Grand total
217, 925
180,439
187, 677
125, 033
1 Commerce Extfrieur de la Repuhlique Polonaise, 1926. Values converted at average exchange rate,
1926, 1 zloty=$0.111796.
Table 70. — Sweden: Imports and exports of coal-tar dyes
, 1926 1
Imports
Exports
Class of dye and country of
origin
Quantity
Value
Class of dye and country of
destination
Quantity
Value
Alizarin dyes:
Norway
Pounds
441
2, 533
142, 318
1, 073
1,365
496
2,317
245
$428
2,460
138, 223
1,043
1,326
481
2,250
238
Alizarin dyes:
Denmark
Pounds
55
1,107
99
$375
Denmark
Mexico
Other countries
1,344
Germany
384
Belgium
Total
Great Britain
France
Switzerland
Total
150, 788
146, 449
1,261
2,103
Aniline and other coal-tar
dyes:
Aniline and other coal-tar
dyes:
10, 044
18, 794
7, 383
1,312,291
74, 317
24, 705
76, 308
17,943
337, 683
1, 230
26, 740
73
6,097
11,408
4,482
796, 583
45, 112
14, 996
46, 320
10, 892
204, 979
747
16,231
44
17, 143
6,305
9,070
683
4, 630
655
2,315
7,068
14,130
Denmark
4,136
Finland
Finland . .
6,475
Germany
Germany
511
Belgium
1,881
Great Britain
258
Mexico .. .
930
France
Chile
4,550
Switzerland
Total
Czechoslovakia
Other countries . . .
Total
1, 907, 511
1, 157, 891
47, 869
32, 871
Indigo, synthetic:
Finland
Indigo, synthetic:
1,175
38, 982
542
856
11,542
117
220
345
Germany..
Total
Other countries .
Total
40, 699
12, 515
220
345
Grand total
551
84
2,099,549
1,316,939
49, 350
35,319
' Handel Bcrattelse for Ar 1926 Av KommerskoUegium. Values converted at average exchange rate,
1926, 1 kroner=$0.267646.
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE 175
Table 71. — Dutch East Indies: ^ Imports of coal-tar dyes, 1926 ^
Class of dye and country
Dry
Class of dye and country
of origin
Paste
of origin
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Alizarin:
Pounds
8,256
98, 912
3,992
$1,614
31,551
1,033
Alizarin:
Netherlands
Pounds
37, 233
131, 632
916, 060
49, 092
29,200
24, 317
$6, 872
Great Britain
21, 128
183, 532
France.-
6,980
Italy..
3,548
Switzerland
3,224
Total
Total -..
111, 160
34, 198
1, 187, 534
225, 284
Indigo, synthetic:
Netherlands
Aniline:
204, 499
2, 333, 933
8,812
54, 709
2,504
86, 630
17, 864
6,607
108, 875
1, 182, 308
3,151
15, 592
1,680
65, 379
17, 935
2,908
21, 127
1, 350, 167
316, 170
60, 790
35, 351
4,740
6,604
Germany
300, 194
France
55. 301
Belgium and Luxem-
Switzerland
13, 119
United States
3,774
Italv
ther countries
Total
726
Switzerland. -_
Singapore -.
ther countries
Total
2, 715, 558
1, 397, 828
1, 788, 345
379. 718
Grand total
Indigo, synthetic: Total . -
45,384
8,026
5, 847, 981
2, 045, 054
1 Including Java and Madura.
> From Jaaroverzicht van den in en uitvoer van Nederlandsch-Indie Gedurende 1926, Part 1, 11. Values
converted at average exchange rate, 1926, 1 gulden=$0. 400984.
PART VII
APPENDIX
STATISTICS OF DOMESTIC IMPORTS AND EXPORTS
DIRECTORY OF MANUFACTURERS OF DYES AND OTHER
SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS, 1927
177
STATISTICS OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS
Statistical Tables
Table 72. — Coal-tar products: Imports entered for consumption, calendar years
1925-1927
GROUP I. CRUDE (FREE)
Year
1925
Quantity
Value
1926
1927
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Benzene, pounds. _.
Dead or creosote oil, gallons
Naphthalene, solidifying at less than 79°
C, pounds -
Coal tar, crude, barrels. -
Pitch, coal tar, barrels
Toluene, pounds -
Acenaphthene, fluorene, methylanthra-
cene, and methylnaphthalene, pounds..
Anthracene, purity less than 30 per cent,
pounds
Anthracene oil, gallons
Cresylic acid, pounds .-.
Cumene, cyniene, pounds
Pyridine, pounds i
Xylene, pounds
All other distillates n. s. p. f., which on
being subjected to distillation yield in
the portion distilling below 190° C. a
quantity of tar acids less than 5 per cent
of the original distillate, pounds
All other products found naturally in coal
tar, whether produced or obtained from
coal tar or other sources, n. s. p. f.,
pounds
1,573,250 $44,313 8,315,966
84, 868, 568|10, 973, 491 87, 518, 544
1, 979, 612|
13, 452j
1, 948!
73,400
26,5931 6,962,719
49, 8771 18, 663
470, 571
13, 156
2, 163, 557
499
788, 9791
110,177;
8,361
2, 642!
7,582
1,888
122, 742
135
394, 337
5,697
5, 994, 803 367, 672
1, 480, 792
21, 029
5,141
29,064
27, 782
444, 170
16, 213
5, 702, 740
$215,314' 2,991,729
11, 720, 397 95, 915, 221
i
126,088 6,576,500
57, 603 12, 951
18, 508
1, 797
3,741
154
4, 175 66, 559
8, 165 23, 241
2, 4831 10, 279
331,550 9,136,516
$63, 962
15, 436, 574
131, 436
44,836
8,584
55
17, 658
589
2,412
567, 802
743, 283
298, 113
3, 136, 838
194, 172
366, 161
15, 201
197, 009
4,374
135, 692,
361, 200
68, 748
37, 564
42, 021
15,649
7,405
4,771
GROUP II (DUTIABLE AT 40 PER CENT AD VALOREM PLUS 7 CENTS PER POUND
AFTER SEPTEMBER 21, 1924)
Article and year
Pounds
Value
Duty
Actual
and com-
puted ad
valorem
rate
Not colors, dyes, or stains, photographic chemicals,
medicinals, flavors, or explosives, etc., n. s. p. f.:
Acetanilide, not medicinal—
1926
2,267
1,001
256, 126
218, 437
500
98, 67-2
25, 932
611, 810
4,921
38, 078
62, 155
400
$817
531
58,958
47, 351
100
23,618
4,748
38,874
5,707
49, 405
58, 673
497
$485
282
41,512
34, 231
75
16, 354
3,714
29,505
2,627
22, 427
27, 820
227
Per cent
59.42
1927
53.20
Acids-
Carbolic—
Crystal (phenol)—
1925
70.41
1926
72.29
1927
75.00
Liquid (cresylic acid or cresal) —
1925
69.24
1926
78.23
1927 1
75.71
Coal-tar acids, n. s. p. f.—
1925 .
46.03
1926 -
45.40
1927
47.42
Aminonaphthol, amtnophenol, and aminophen-
etol—
1926
45.63
1927
1 T. D. 40519,
179
180 CENSUS OP DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 72. — Coal-tar products: Imports entered for consumption, calendar years
1925-1927— Continued
GROUP II (DUTIABLE AT 40 PER CENT AD VALOREM PLUS 7 CENTS PER POUND
AFTER SEPTEMBER 21, 1924)-Continued
Article and year
Not colors, dyes, etc. — Continued.
Aniline oil and salts —
1925
1926
1927
Anthracene, purity of 30 per cent or more —
1925
1926 _
Anthraquinone, aminoanthraquinone, and nitro-
anthraquinone —
1926
1927
Benzaldehyde, not medicinal and nitrobenzalde-
hyde —
1925
1926
1927
Benzanthrone, benzoquinone, benzidine, benzidine
sulfate, and benzyl, benzal, and benzoyl
chloride —
1926
1927
Carbazole, purity of 65 per cent or more—
1925
1926
Dihydroxy naphthalene and dianisidine—
1926
1927
Dimethylaniline and benzylethylaniline —
1927"_ _._. ,
Dinitrobenzene, dinitrochlorobenzene, dinitro-
naphthalene, dinitrophenol, nitrophenol, and
dinitrotoluene
1927...
Diphenylamine —
1925 :
1926
1927
Metacresol, orthocresol, and paracresol, purity of 90
per cent or more—
1925-...
1926
1927
Methvlanthraquinone —
1926 _
Naphthalene solidifying at 79° C. or above—
1926. --
1927..
Naphthol, alpha and beta, not medicinal—
1925
1926
1927
Naphthylamine and naphthylenediamine —
1927
Nitroanihne, para and meta, nitrobenzene, nitro-
naphthalene, nitrophenylenediamine, nitroso-
dimethylauiline, nitrotoluene, and nitrotolylene-
diamine —
1926
1927 _ ,
Phenylenediainine, phenylglycine, phenylhydra-
zine, and phenvlnaphthylamine —
1925 2 ;
1926
1927 _
Resorcinol, not medicinal —
1925
1926
1927
Tolidine, toluene sulfochloride, toluene solfona-
niide, toluidine, and tolylenediamine—
1925 3
1926
1927
2 Phenylhydrazine only.
Pounds
55
700
13, 740
10
313
6,686
16, 308
2,204
3,852
1,587
137, 684
321,751
2,073
2,157
1,000
8,855
2,383
150
33
10
4,500
34, 874
105, 238
174, 094
424
18, 668
4,310
23, 765
41,746
853
29, 300
112,012
50
10, 237
7,746
16, 590
15, 484
33, 114
11, 223
23, 041
79, 650
$11
350
9,962
4
122
8,116
13, 731
1,212
4,151
1,027
83, 841
199, 112
324
540
5,652
2,219
182
106
12
5,728
5,741
15,040
35, 054
1,147
125
3,077
1,435
33, 284
65,739
1,016
9,617
40, 027
475
11,875
9,401
22,392
20, 907
38, 046
2,071
8,414
32,526
$10
189
4,947
2
71
3,714
6,634
639
1,930
522
43, 174
102, 167
476
281
286
2,881
1,054
4, 7.38
13,383
26, 208
80
2,538
876
14,977
29, 218
5,898
23,852
194
5,467
4,303
10,118
9,447
17, 536
1,614
4,978
18,586
• Tolidine only.
STATISTICAL TABLES
181
Table 72. — Coal-tar products: Imports entered for consumption, calendar years
1925-1927— Continued
GROUP II (DUTIABLE AT 40 PER CENT AD VALOREM PLUS 7 CENTS PER POUND
AFTER SEPTEMBER 21, 1924)— Continued
Article and year
Pounds
Value
Duty
Actual
and com-
puted ad
valorem
rate
Not colors, dyes, etc. — Continued.
All distillates n. s. p. f., which on distillation yield
in the portion distilling below 190° C. a quantity
of tar acids equal to or more than 5 per cent of the
original distillate—
1925 -- - -
252, 382
5,784
2
135, 833
7,042
1,663
1, 901, 203
582, 859
540, 237
$15, 441
10, 662
16
29,014
3,379
1,569
963, 925
436, 074
363,914
$23, 843
4,670
7
21, 114
1,845
744
518, 654
215,230
183,382
Per cent
154. 41
1926 --
43.80
1927 .
40.88
All distillates of coal, blast-furnace, oil-gas, and
water-gas tar which on being subject to distilla-
tion below 215° C. yield a quantity of tar acids
equal to or more than 75 per cent of the original
distillate—
1925
72.77
1926 .-
54.59
1927
47.42
All similar products, obtained, derived, or manu-
factured in whole or in part from the products
provided for in Group I (free)—
1925
53.81
1926
49.36
1927 -
50.39
GROUP III (DUTIABLE AT 45 PER CENT AD VALOREM PLUS 7 CENTS PER POUND
AFTER SEPTEMBER 21, 1924)
Article and year
Pounds
Value
Duty
Actual
and com-
puted ad
valorem
rate
When obtained, derived, or manufactured in whole or in
part from any of the products provided for in Group I
(free) or II, including natural indigo, and their deriva-
tives:
Alizarin, natural—
1925
5,137
1,755
374
1,496
25
27, 391
18, 796
42, 779
275
6,843
1,040
1,589
590
4,641
14, 834
5,960
2, 077, 712
677, 849
3, 059, 361
1, 905, 219
1, 357, 133
5, 606, 827
5, 101, 759
4, 853, 745
$13, 243
1,521
1,017
711
48
52, 769
31, 944
40, 470
270
2,957
466
280
610
5,079
23, 667
6,112
2, 941, 773
894, 844
4,154,091
2, 320, 712
1, 865, 036
6, 762, 764
5, 613, 847
5, 368, 368
$6, 319
807
484
425
23
25, 663
15, 691
21, 206
141
1,810
282
237
316
2,610
11,689
3,168
965, 640
584, 356
2, 706, 610
1, 525, 793
934, 266
3,435,722
2, 883, 354
2, 755, 528
Per cent
47.72
1926 -
53.08
1927 --.
47.57
Alizarin, synthetic—
1926 .--
59.73
1927
48.65
Colors, dyes, stains, etc., obtained, derived, or
manufactured from alizarin—
1925
48.63
1926 - --
49.12
1927
52.40
Indigo, natural—
1926 -
52.13
1927
61.20
Indigo, synthetic—
1925
60.62
1926
84.73
1927 . .
51.77
Colors, dyes, stains, etc., derived from indigo—
1925
51.40
1926
49.39
1927
51.83
All other colors, dyes, or stains, whether soluble or
not in water, color acids, color bases, or color
lakes—
1922<
32.83
19225
65.30
1923 --
65.16
1924 6 ..
65.75
1924?
50.09
1925
50.80
1926
51.36
1927 --
51.33
* Act of 1916.
5 Act of 1922.
6 From Jan. 1 to Sept. 21, 1924.
' From Sept. 22 to Dec. 31, 1924.
182 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 72. — Coal-tar products: Imports entered for consumption, calendar years
1925-1927— Continued
GROUP III (DUTIABLE AT 45 PER CENT AD VALOREM PLUS 7 CENTS PER POUND
AFTER SEPTEMBER 21, 1924)— Continued
Article and year
Pounds
Value
Duty
Actual
and com-
puted ad
valorem
rate
When obtained, etc.— Continued.
Color lakes —
1925
900
500
1,537
1,649
11,359
9,889
23, 846
25, 923
150
721
1,279
12, 540
15.710
52, 111
77
165
127
2,193
1, 4,50
667
551
235
236
5
6
1,146
1.488
630
6,701
12, 136
5,202
237
131
209
47, 238
51, 513
28, 642
2
682
100
30
1,010
99
$881
835
889
1,298
4,266
31,623
61, 586
65, 803
412
1,524
2, 455
12. 107
14, 929
47, 257
6,790
20, 992
4,904
2,778
2,243
798
364
190
142
610
1,652
1,763
1,935
810
9,124
19, 758
8,245
1,620
2, 039
1,397
169, 365
207, 577
165, 528
33
767
172
8
2,079
336
$459
411
508
700
2,715
14, 923
29, 383
31, 426
196
736
1,336
6,326
7,818
24, 913
3,061
9,458
2,216
1,403
1,111
406
202
102
80
275
744
874
975
545
4,575
9,741
4,074
746
927
643
79, 521
97, 016
76, 493
15
393
84
6
1,006
158
Per cent
52.15
1926
49.19
Eesinlike products prepared from articles provided
for in pars. 27 or 1549—
1925
57.10
1926
53.89
1927 8 .
63.64
Photographic chemicals—
1925
47.19
1926
47.71
1927
47.76
Coal-tar medicinals—
Acetanilide, acetphenetidin (phenacetin), and
acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) :
1925 9
47.57
1926"!
48.31
1927
54.40
Antipvrine—
1925
52. 25
1926 -
52.37
1927
52.72
Arsphenamine (salversan), neo-arsphenamine
and similar arsenical medicinal compounds—
1925 1' --- -
45.08
1926 - .
45.06
1927 -
45.18
Bctanaphthol and benzaldehyde—
1925 ..
50.50
1926 '2
49.53
1927 .
50.85
Benzoic acid—
1925
55.60
1926
53.66
1927
56.63
Novocain or procaine—
1925
45.03
1927..-
45.03
Phenolphthalein—
1925 .
49. 55
1926
50. 38
1927
67.28
Resorninol—
1925 .
50.14
1926
49.30
1927
49.42
Salicylic acid and its salts—
1925
46. 02
1926
45. 45
1927
46.05
Coal-tar medicinals, n. s. p. f.—
1925 -
46. 95
1926 -
46.74
1927
46.21
Flavors-
1925 .
45.42
1927.
51.22
Ink powder—
1925
49.07
1927
71.25
Synthetic tanning materials —
1925
48.40
1927
47.06
8 Bakelite prohibited, T. D. 41512.
' Acetanilide and acetphenetidin.
10 Acetanilide.
» Arsphenamine and neo-arsphenamine.
'2 Benzaldehyde.
STATISTICAL TABLES
183
Table 73. — Coal-tar products: General imports, 1925-1927
DEAD OR CREOSOTE OIL (FREE)
Imported from—
1925
1926
1927
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
United Kingdom
Oallons
36, 549, 854
30, 325, 455
4, 200, 382
10, 017, 631
2, 505, 192
355, 557
914, 497
$4, 692, 650
3, 973, 994
512, 835
1, 317, 161
303, 843
55, 794
117, 214
Gallons
38, 982, 648
23, 454, 374
2,550
21, 724, 079
$5, 053, 401
3, 158, 693
890
3, 007, 472
Gallons
38, 279, 105
27, 975, 616
4, 243, 931
19, 034, 169
1, 233, 933
553, 249
4, 169, 917
425, 301
$6, 230, 695
Netherlands
4, 467, 225
Germany
628, 452
Belgium
3, 203, 425
France
193, 801
Mexico
990, 926
2, 363, 905
62
139, 309
360,607
25
85, 028
Canada
558, 309
All other countries
69, 739
Total
84,868,568
10,973,491
87, 518, 544
11, 720, 397
95, 915, 221
15. 436, 574
BENZENE AND TOLUENE, NAPHTHALENE AND TAR AND PITCH OF COAL i
1925
Imported from—
Benzene and toluene
Naphthalene
Tar and pitch of
coal
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Germany . .
Pounis
44
911,123
$13
23. 298 ■
Pounds
1, 848, 668
$25,360
Barrels
217
.«Q.17
Mexico
4,453 93 167
Canada . . .
735,403 ! 23.636
102,840
28,104
755
478
9,875
770
85
29, 739
3,654
741
United Kingdom
All other countries
80
8
Total - - --
1,646,650
46, 955
1, 979, 612
26,593
15,400
58,238
1 Included in "All other crudes" after 1925.
PYRIDINE (FREE)
Imported from—
1925
1926
1927
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Belgium
Pounds
24, 551
25,077
90,347
19,009
$11,216
11,435
47, 571
11, 484
Pounds
4,734
$2, 227
Pounds
France
Germany -
194, 666
34, 359
90, 169
25, 031
78, 978
3,946
40, 552
12, 216
$23, 331
Netherlands
1,915
Poland and Danzig . .....
9,173
United Kingdom
626, 313
3,780
310, 290
2,341
509, 524
248, 734
7,602
All other countries .
Total
789, 077
394,337
743, 283
366, 161
135, 692
42, 021
ALL OTHER CRUDES
Imported from—
1925
1926
1927
Belgium . .
$17, 839
$54, 657
France
$2, 160
472, 537
16, 362
23, 595
13, 707
United Kingdom . .
445, 909
227, 929
210, 122
3,749
74,067
5,415
378, 912
Canada . .
83, 430
Germany
275,215
Netherlands
2,502
Me.xico - ...
11,482
5
45, 431
All other countries
18, 590
Total
526, 141
985, 030
872, 444
7709—28-
-13
184
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 73. — Coal-tar products: General imports, 1926-1927 — Continued
COAL-TAR ACIDS
Imported from—
1925
1926
1927
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Belgium . .
Pounds
Pounds
Pounds
217, 454
522, 361
$14, 364
United Kingdom
199, 743
40, 098
1,533
93, 678
1,757
$46, 708
8,709
11,520
25, 622
521
231, 551
122, 990
$31, 204
27, 446
32. ."STl
Netherlands
France
40 143
Germanv
156, 773
74,294
75, 937 ! 71, 184
All other countries
2,866 1,487
Total
336,809
93,080
611,314
132,944
818, 658
119, 749
OTHER COAL-TAR INTERMEDIATES
Imported from—
1925
1926
1927
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
France
Pounds
48, 976
480, 600
1, 165, 293
523, 335
21, 494
141
725
$45, 382
465, 690
414,259
40,447
37,391
54
1,569
Pounds
23, 544
687, 872
125, 672
99, 035
36, 777
22, 604
2,786
$29,445
492,751
48,048
13, 422
43, 720
13,445
1,381
Pounds
40, 402
1, 371, 766
95, 225
192, 875
46, 323
15. 185
6,234
$44, 473
Germany . .
891,831
Netherlands ..
7,095
United Kingdom
33, 671
Switzerland.. .
37, 360
Canada..
9,213
All other countries
3,183
Total
2, 240, 564
1, 004, 792
998, 290
642,212
1, 768, 010
1, 026, 826
ALIZARIN AND DERIVATIVES
Imported from—
1925
1926
1927
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Belgium ... .
Pounds
9,246
220
11,304
864
13,069
11,996
880
4
$19, 437
233
852
2,133
40, 620
9,101
2,250
209
Pounds
4,031
$8,886
Pounds
France . . ..
81
2,105
$177
Germany
7,545
55
9,018
805
5,494
96
22,916
594
690
Italy
Switzerland
United Kingdom . . . .
1,939
40
1,571
145
Total
47, 583
74, 635
21, 454
37, 986
4,165
2,583
INDIGO AND DERIVATIVES'
[DUTIABLE)
1925
1926 «
1927 2
Imported from—
Indigo
and deriv-
atives
Indigo
and deriv-
atives
Indigo
and deriv-
atives
Quan-
tity
Value
Quan-
tity
Value
Quan-
tity
Value
Pounds
1,465
439
1,232
$1, 657
391
1,610
Pounds
Pounds
1
Italy
1
1
3,136
3,658
\
i
2 Included in "Colors, dyes, stains, color acids, and color bases, n. e. s."
STATISTICAL TABLES
185
Table 73. — Coal-tar products: General imports, 1925-1927 — Continued
COLORS, DYES, STAINS, COLOR ACIDS, AND COLOR BASES, N. E. S.
Imported from-
Belgium
France -
Germany
Switzerland-
United Kingdom..
Italy
Netherlands
Canada...
All other countries
Total
1925
Quantity
Value
Pounds
109, 640
118,321
2, 932, 216
1,970,951
170,443
202, 752
166, 065
111,845
5, 782, 329
$180, 416
166, 275
3, 757, 846
2, 260, 165
144, 621
245, 859
241, 552
165, 659
284
7, 162, 677
1926
Quantity
Pounds
236, 340
178, 181
2, 179, 374
1, 864, 891
200, 912
92, 446
9,152
206, 298
5,355
4, 972, 949
Value
$366, 594
240, 731
2, 323, 272
2,171,317
202, 642
111, 183
16, 835
158, 310
9,771
5, 600, 655
1927
Quantity
Pounds
180, 124
234, 996
3, 238, 040
1, 493, 466
146, 270
112,475
17,237
71,578
2,647
5, 496, 833
Value
$242, 419
274, 154
3, 426, 848
1, 869, 124
147, 640
130, 503
25, 936
63, 101
2,070
6, 181, 795
COAL-TAR MEDICINALS
Imported from—
France
Germany
Italy....
Netherlands
Switzerland-.
United Kingdom..
All other countries
Total
1925
Quantity
Pounds
67,545
26, 867
84
1,310
8,095
3,681
307
107, 889
Value
$106, 786
58, 618
1,406
67, 674
9,779
8,532
554
253,349
1926
Quantity
Pounds
20,229
24, 190
2,721
3,679
14, 320
2,379
2,576
Value
1927
Quantity
70, 094
$48,350
77, 965
6,125
91,473
15, 131
14, 422
3,883
Pounds
25, 659
78, 787
693
264
15,419
7,780
1,035
257, 349
129,637
Value
$61, 031
121,604
4,397
23,280
44,142
19, 275
3,118
276, 847
ALL OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS
Imported from—
1925
1926
1927
Quantity! Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
France
Pounds
619 $1, 993
11, 145 34, 786
Pounds
1,507
18, 358
441
2,671
49
$5,162
47, 512
959
9,470
388
Pounds
15, 358
26, 127
$14, 658
Germany
66,604
Switzerland .. .
United Kingdom
1, 815 2, 130
20 13
822
52
1,867
All other ponTitriPS . . ..
90
Total
13, 599
38, 922
23, 026
63,491
42, 359
83, 219
Table 74. — Coal-tar products: Domestic exports, 1925-1927
CRUDE COAL TAR AND COAL-TAR PITCH
Exported to —
1925
1926
1927
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Europe
Barrels
697
105, 908
1,961
48
169
12
$7, 480
299, 893
16, 249
543
2,650
110
Barrels
131,342
82, 408
1,672
50
103
8
$591, 724
275, 926
13, 881
382
1,184
72
Barrels
585, 119
86, 826
1,281
37
127
29
$2, 927, 929
North America . ..
315, 791
South America
10, 365
Asia
363
Oceania ...
1, 105
Africa
413
Total
108, 795
326, 925
215, 583
883, 169
673,419
3, 255, 966
186
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 74. — Coal-tar products: Domestic exports, 1925-1927 — Continued
COAL-TAR DISTILLATES— BENZOL
Exported to—
1925
1926
1927
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Germany
Pounds
Pounds
60, 179, 632
25, 647, 969
$2, 041, 839
1, 041, 891
Gallons
11, 918, 240
555,544
4, 620, 862
8, 396, 932
18, 125
2,458
106, 860
7,433
3,100
164,012
$3, 010, 816
149, 997
1,062,798
Fraxice . .
24, 982, 548
$834, 180
Netherlands
United Kingdom
32, 887, 985
120, 817
22, 379
475, 212
179, 875
13, 424
207, 922
852, 628
6,734
1,574
29, 616
9,605
788
12, 909
56, 153, 321
125, 469
5,622
902, 448
138, 960
13, 785
360, 620
2,340,211
6,412
603
49, 269
7,465
1,254
24,229
2, 342, 299
7 190
Canada
Mexico -.
1 297
Argentina
43,311
Chile
2 764
Australia
2 234
All other coun tries
42 399
Total
58, 890, 162
1, 748, 034
143, 527, 826
5, 513, 173
25, 793, 566
6, 665, 105
OTHER CRUDE DISTILLATES
Exported to—
1925
1926.
1927
France . ... . ... ..
Value
$5, 183
Value
$9, 750
Value
$144
Belgium
1,562
Canada
233, 040
948
58,045
619
60, 082
9,638
77, 996
75, 938
47, 848
71, 260
281, 785
262
42, 303
1,198
18, 168
6,168
106, 792
135, 427
17, 702
43, 796
192 934
Honduras.
114
Mexico
49, 422
Brazil
4,377
Cuba
9,861
Japan
10, 806
United Kingdom
Chile
68, 918
37, 708
Nicaragua .. ..
15, 507
All other countries.
1 46, 706
Total
640, 597
663, 351
438, 049
« Includes $15,802 from Netherlands.
ANILINE OIL AND SALTS
Exported to—
Canada
Mexico
Japan
Philippines..
Australia
France
All other countries
Total..
1926
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Pounds
229, 230
114,747
312, 609
18, 449
99, 587
22, 000
7,109
$46, 836
21, 236
49, 591
3,761
19, 195
9,900
3, 103
Pounds
124, 453
15
220,486
12, 635
6,251
$25, 664
36
33, 761
1,895
1,073
15, 302
3,497
803, 731
153, 622
379, 142
65, 926
' 1927 included in ' ' Other intermediates.
STATISTICAL TABLES
187
Table 74. — Coal-tar products: Domestic exports, 1925-1927 — Continued
OTHER INTERMEDIATES
Exported to—
1925
1926
1927
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
France
Pounds
43, HI
$30, 000
Pounds
188, 462
$82, 716
Pounds
69, 908
78, 400
263, 234
$29,902
9,040
Netherlands
157, 840
1,100
125, 385
271,871
46, 886
340, 667
380
24, 356
990
44, 035
33, 383
5,407
45,708
22
43, 895
10, 921
155, 787
16, 642
36, 876
74, 149
32, 507
67, 052
645,248
68,939
30, 214
6,028
2,762
40, 605
3,805
3,743
8,862
10, 792
7,599
85, 039
13, 771
7,931
47, 175
Canada - .
366, 110
39, 709
109,487
461, 521
4,758
94, 751
613, 161
113,281
203,419
49, 120
Mexico .
3,225
Cuba
11,959
58, 874
China.- - .-
832
Kwantung
15, 087
Japan
594, 061
38,467
107, 699
97,934
6,102
29, 585
84,404
Australia
24, 052
All other countries
14, 806
Total
1, 727, 467
317, 522
1, 370, 692
273, 653
2,417,739
348,476
OTHER COLORS, DYES, AND STAINS
Exported to —
1925
Quantity
Value
1926
Quantity
Value
1927
Quantity
Value
Belgium
Czechoslovakia..
France
Germany
Netherlands.
Russia in Europe
United Kingdom
Canada.
Mexico
Cuba.
South America
British India
China
Hongkong
Japan..
Kwantung.
Philippine Islands
Australia
New Zealand
British South Africa.
All other countries...
Total.
Pounds
680, 670
1,909
125
32, 646
72, 861
6,943
1, 475, 856
304, 850
65, 321
434, 122
1, 886, 165
18, 303, 513
431
2, 127, 116
101,003
33, 356
18, 582
24, 255
230, 165
25, 799, 889
$200, 116
3,057
200
4,795
57, 895
10,087
726, 935
150, 104
57, 943
266, 265
667, 483
3, 299, 798
389
1, 062, 768
35, 681
30, 112
11,117
15, 945
93, 670
6, 694, 360
Pounds
1, 905, 611
$399, 446
156, 667
38, 772
2,953
2,729
146, 452
25,942
8,240
8,057
41, 051
27,400
14. 785
8,039
2,113,587
956, 565
321,635
148, 547
61, 390
52, 219
483, 447
250, 888
2, 136, 998
628, 369
14, 922, 287
1, 877, 030
434
618
2,984,074
1, 350, 523
251, 600
35,224
49,441
23,923
49, 093
34, 191
15, 869
13,090
13, 922
7,093
132, 405
61, 494
Pounds
709, 807
120, 792
8,354
116, 362
26, 835
2,628
12, 605
1,978,705
285, 302
54, 377
395, 189
1,612,816
17, 798, 509
931, 348
2, 266, 103
67, 453
135, 627
6,659
11,619
12,864
216, 606
25,811,941
5, 950, 159
26, 770, 560
$166, 723
37,664
3,286
31,247
62, 197
1,275
10, 672
850, 257
95, 383
42, 380
192, 076
536, 525
1,884,288
145, 925
1, 302, 526
10, 342
24, 737
5,028
8,984
8,014
75, 793
5, 495, 322
MEDICINALS
Exported to—
Germany. ,
United Kingdom..
Canada
Mexico
Cuba.-
Argentina
British India
Japan...
Australia
All other countries
Total--
1925
Quantity
Pounds
1,023
409, 492
22,512
78, 195
13, 258
1,380
13, 617
6,058
80,948
101, 607
728, 090
Value
$947
139, 162
26, 127
105, 478
12, 480
1,194
7,835
6,051
29, 421
118, 448
447, 143
1926
Quantity
Pounds
9,700
221, 669
27, 397
44,606
21, 427
67, 320
895
95, 259
110, 348
134, 787
733, 408
Value
$5,280
68, 314
14,816
66,600
17, 375
22,526
541
29,585
47, 553
113, 947
386, 537
1927
Quantity
Pounds
59, 451
122,315
70, 187
45,833
16,363
27, 482
2,110
20,223
58, 170
233, 175
655, 309
Value
$27, 899
27, 308
17, 299
59, 677
U,683
11,289
1,664
10, 374
32, 219
129, 349
328, 761
188 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 74. — Coal-tar products: Domestic exports, 1926-1927 — Continued
PHOTOGRAPHIC CHEMICALS i
Exported to —
1925
Quantity Value
1926
Quantity Value
United Kingdom..
Canada
Mexico.
Cuba.
Argentina
Japan
Philippines
Austrailia.-
New Zealand
China
All other countries
Total..
Pounds
1,351
34, 019
40, 948
35, 626
41, 773
7,694
26, 136
5,067
18, 906
29, 626
73,345
$1,700
6,787
13, 599
8,258
11,363
3,339
8,005
2,478
4,183
8,879
26,858
Pounds
2,892
38, 921
46, 177
30, 527
33, 651
60, 677
42, 991
10,067
21, 735
38, 021
111,722
314, 491
95, 449
437, 381
$1,305
11, 882
14, 501
7,213
13, 413
12, 661
9,490
5,602
3,442
16,904
34,853
131, 266
• 1927 included in "Other finished products."
OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS
Exported to—
Belgium
France
Germany..
Italy
Poland and Danzig.
United Kingdom...,
Canada
Mexico
Cuba
Argentina
Brazil
Colombia
Peru ,
China
Japan
Australia..
Philippine Islands..
All other countries. .
Total.. 3,102,637
1925
Quantity Value
Pounds
2,178
706
2,774
570, 456
171,904
194, 460
1, 342, 935
28,332
36, 502
128, 777
127, 484
7,695
95, 697
7,430
143,300
242, 007
$1, 150
110
1,480
101, 279
31, 380
25, 620
38, 131
5,234
5,625
23, 721
20,542
619
26,124
2,513
10,280
43, 442
337, 250
1926
Quantity
Pounds
572
24, 192
1,257
486, 655
83, 759
60, 345
137, 575
22, 053
345
44, 772
56, 197
205, 638
18, 051
19, 369
2,528
145, 572
1, 308, 880
Value
$190
10, 440
307
1927
Quantity
102, 684
25, 080
6,362
5,567
1,250
80
6,736
6,672
24,423
6,066
13, 593
3,403
12, 918
225, 771
Pounds
328,032
372,163
52, 020
385, 771
95, 950
974, 931
409, 420
56, 159
578, 496
83, 418
44,216
154, 674
70, 302
36,040
37, 918
116,884
37, 439
300, 282
4, 134, 115
Value
$23, 413
27, 747
5,848
84, 899
23,740
104, 466
52, 922
9,720
19, 813
17,919
10,062
22, 965
13, 772
18,545
13, 713
47, 112
13, 422
55, 136
565, 214
Directory of manufacturers of dyes and other synthetic organic chemicals, 1927
No.
Name of company
Office address (location of plants given in parentheses
if not in same city as office)
Abbott Laboratories, The
Algon Color & Chemical Corporation
Alston Lufas Paint Co
Althouse CJhemioal Co., The _.
Alyco Manufacturing Co. (Inc.)
Amalgamated Dvestuflf & Chemical Works
(Inc.).
American Aniline Products (Inc.)
American Solvents & Chemical Corporation
American Tar Products Co
Ansbacher & Co., A. B. (Inc.)
Baird & McQuire (Inc.).
Barrett Co., The..
4753 East Ravenswood Avenue, Chicago, 111. (North
Chicago, 111.).
132 Front Street, New York , N. Y. (Eli^.abeth, N. J.)
lO.'^l Currier Street, Chicago, 111.
540 Pear Street, Reading, Pa.
86 Orange Street, Bloomfleld, N. J.
75 Hudson Street, New York, N. Y. (Newark, N. J.)
45 East Seventeenth Street, New York, N. Y. (Lock
Haven, Pa.)
285 Madison Avenue, New York, N. Y. (Albany,
N. Y.).
Union Trust Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. (Cicero, 111.,
Youngstown, Ohio, St. Louis, Mo., CarroUville,
Wis., Follansbee, W. Va., Woodward, Ala., Utica,
N. Y.)
.'527 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. (Brooklyn, N. Y.)
Holbrook, Mass.
40 Rector Street, New York, N. Y. (Plants distributed
throughout the United States.)
DIRECTORY OF MANUFACTURERS
189
Directory of manufacturers of dyes and other synthetic organic chemicals, 1927 —
Continued
Name of company
Office address (location of plants given in parentheses
if not in same city as office)
Bayer Co., The (Inc.)
Beaver Chemical Corporation.
Benzol Products Co
Berghausen Chemical Co., The E
Berkheimer Manufacturing Co., J. E,
Brooklyn Color Works (Inc.)
Brown Co
Bush & Co., W. J. (Inc.)
Cable Chemical Works
Cabot, Samuel (Inc.)
Calco Chemical Co., The
California Ink Co., The (Inc.)
25 Carbide & Carbon Chemicals Corporation.
Carus Chemical Co _
Celluloid Corporation
Certain-teed Products Corporation.
Chemical Co. of America (Inc.), The.
Childs Pulp Colors (Inc.)
Cincinnati Chemical Works (Inc.)
Colasta Company, The (Inc.)...
Coleman & Bell Co., The
Commonwealth Color & Chemical Co
Coopers Creek Chemical Co
Crown Chemical Corporation
Crown Tar Works
Crystal Color & Chemical Works
Debrook Company (Inc.)
Delta Chemical & Iron Co
Devoe & Raynolds (Inc.)
Diamond State Fibre Co. (The Celoron
Co.)
Diarsenol Co. (Inc.)
Dovan Chemical Corporation
Dow Chemical Co., The.
Du Pont de Nemours & Co., E. I
Dye Products & Chemical Co. (Inc).
Dyes & Chemicals (Inc.).-
Dyestuffs & Chemicals (Inc.)
Eakins, J. S. & W. R. (Inc.).
Eastman Kodak Co.
Elko Chemical Co., The
Empire Biochemical Co
Federal Color Laboratories (Inc.)
Felton Chemical Co. (Inc.)
Fine Colors Co. (Inc.)
Florasynth Laboratories (Inc.).
Ford Motor Co
Foster-Heaton Co
Franco-American Chemical Works
Fries Bros
Fries & Fries Co., The
Garfield Aniline Works
Gaskill Chemical Corporation
Gebauer Chemical Manufacturing C^o.-
The.
General Electric Co
General Plastics (Inc.)...
Givaudan-De la wanna (Inc.)
Goodrich Co., The B. F....
Grasselli Dyestuff Corporation
Hampden Paint & Chemical Co.
Harmon Color Works (Inc.)
Heller & Merz Co., The
Herrmann & Co., Morris (Inc.)..
Heyden Chemical Corporation...
Holland Aniline Dye Co
Hooker Electrochemical Co
Hyoson, Westcott & Dunning.
Imperial Color Works (Inc.)...
Ising Corporation, The C. E...
Johnson & Co., Charles Eneu..
Kent Color Corporation
117 Hudson Street, New York, N. Y. (Rensselaer,
N. Y.)
Damascus, Va.
243 South Street, Isewark, N. J. (Piscataway, Mid-
dlesex Co., N. J.)
915 Carr Street, Cincinnati, Ohio.
2928 South M Street, Tacoma, Wash.
129 Cherry Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
404 Commercial Street, Portland, Me. (Berlin, N. H.)
370 Seventh Avenue, New York, N. Y. (Linden, N. J.)
185 N. Wabash Avenue, Chicago, 111. (Cable, Wis.)
229 Marginal Street, Chelsea, Mass.
Bound Brook, N. J.
426 Batterv Street, San Francisco, Calif. (West Berke-
ley, Calif.)
30 East Forty-second Street, New York, N. Y. (South
Charleston, W. Va.)
Eighth Street, LaSalle, 111.
290 Ferrv Street, Newark, N J.
100 East Fortv-second Street, New York, N. Y. (East
St. Louis, 111.)
Springfield, N. J.
43 Summit Street, Brookl\-n, N. Y.
Evanston Station, Box 20, Cincinnati, Ohio. (Norwood
and St. Bernard, Ohio.)
Water Street, Hoosick Falls, N. Y.
Main and Waverly .A. venues, Norwood, Ohio.
Nevins, Butler and Baltic Streets, Brooklyn, N. Y.
West Conshohocken, Pa.
128 Front Street, New York, N. Y. (Keyport, N. J.)
900 Fifteenth Street, Denver, Colo.
Saugus, Mass.
1105 Metropolitan Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Wells, Delta County, Mich.
1 West Forty-seventh St.,New York, N. Y. (Chicago, 111.)
Bridgeport, Pa.
771 EUicott Square, Buffalo, N. Y.
30 Church Street, New York, N. Y. (Newark, N. J.)
Midland, Mich.
Wilmington, Del. (Deep Water Point, N. J., and Phil-
adelphia, Pa.)
200 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. (Newark, N. J.)
702 Court Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Eleventh and Monroe Streets, St. Louis, Mo.
24 Wallabout Street, Brooklyn, N . Y.
343 State Street, Rochester, N. Y.
Nitro, W. Va.
502 East One-hundred and eighty-seventh Street, New
York, N. Y.
4633 Forest Avenue, Norwood, Ohio.
61 Taalfe Place, Brooklyn, N. Y.
21 McBride Avenue, Paterson, N. J.
1513 Olmstcad Avenue, New York, N. Y.
Iron Mountain, Mich. (Kjngsford, Mich.)
833 Magnolia Avenue, Elizabeth, N. J.
Carlstadt, N. J.
92 Reade Street, New York, N. Y. (Bloomfield, N. J.)
1501 West Sixth Street, Cincinnati, Ohio.
P. O. Box 37, Garfield, N. J. (Wallington, N. J.)
355 'Van Buren Street, Newark, N. J.
669 Erie Building, Cleveland Ohio.
1 River Road, Schenectady, N. Y.
North Tonawanda, N. Y.
Delawanna Avenue, Delawanna, N. J.
Akron, Ohio.
1150 Broadway, New York, N. Y. (Rensselaer, N. Y.,
Grasselli, N. J.)
161 Armory Street, Springfield, Mass.
361 Harmon Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
505 Hudson Street, New York, N. Y. (Newark, N. J.)
200 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. (Newark, N. J.)
45 East Seventeenth Street, New York, N. Y. (Fords
and Garfield, N. J.)
Holland, Mich.
25 Pine Street, New York, N. Y. (Niagara Falls, N. Y.
1030 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Md.
Glens Falls, N. Y.
Flushing, N. Y.
509 South Tenth Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
2 South Ninth Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
190 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Directory of manufacturers of dyes and other sytithetic organic chemicals, 1927 —
Continued
Name of company
Office address (location of plants given in parentheses
if not in same city as office)
Kentucky Color & Chemical Co
Kessler Chemical Co., The
Klipstein & Sons Co., E. C ,
Kohnstamm & Co., H. (Inc.).
LaMotte Chemical Products Co
Lazote (Inc.)
Lewis Mfg. Co., F. J...
Lilly & Co., Eli
Lucas Co., Spencer (Inc.) .,
Maas & Waldstein Co
Mallinckrodt Chemical Works
Max Marx Color & Chemical Co
Massachusetts Department of Public
Health.
Mathieson Alkali Works, The (Inc.)
May Chemical Works (Inc.)
Maywood Chemical Works. .1
Mepham & Co., George S
Merck & Co. (Inc.)...
Merrimac Chemical Co
Metz Laboratories, H. A. (Inc.)
Monsanto Chemical Works..
Morana (Inc.)
Musterole Co., The..
National Ammonia Co., of Pennsylvania.,
The
National Aniline & Chemical Co. (Inc.)
Naugatuck Chemical Co., The
New England Aniline Works (Inc.)
New Haven Gas Light Co ,
New York Quinine & Chemical Works
(Inc.)
Newport Company, The
Niacet Chemicals Corporation
Niagara Smelting Corporation
Noil Chemical & Color Works (Inc.)
Northwestern Chemical Co
Novadel Process Corporation
Novocol Chemical Manufacturing Co. (Inc.)
Oldbury Electro Chemical Co
Orange Grove Refining Co
Palatine Anihne & Chemical Corporation.
Passaic Color Corporation
Pennsylvania Coal Products Co.
Pfizer & Co., Charles (Inc.)
Pharma-Chemical Corporation
Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co.
Portland Gas & Coke Co
Providence Chemical Laboratories
Quaker Oats Co., The
Radiant Dye & Color Works (Inc.)
Rhodia Chemical Co
Roessler & Hasslacher Chemical Co., The..
Rossville Co., The
Rubber Service Laboratories Co., The
Savell, Sayre & Co. (Inc.).
Selden Co., The...
Seydel Chemical Co
Sharpies Solvents Corporation
Sherwin-Williams Co., The
Siegle Corporation of America, G
Siemon & Elting (Inc.)
Simons, Harold L. (Inc.)
Sinclair & Valentine Co.
Solvay Process Co., The
Squibb & Sons, E. R...
Stearns & Co., Frederick
Sun Chemical & Color Co
Thirty-fourth and Bank Streets, Louisville, Ky.
575 Nassau Street, Orange, N. J.
644 Greenwich Street, New York, N. Y. (South
Charleston. W. Va.)
87 Park Place, New York, N. Y. (Brooklyn, N. Y.)
McCormick Building, Baltimore, Md.
Wilmington, Del. (Belle, W. Va.)
2500 South Robey Street, Chicago, El.
Indianapolis, Ind.
1126 Pine Street, Camden, N. J.
45 John Street, New York, N. Y. (Newark, N. J.)
3600 North Second Street, St. Louis, Mo.
192 Coit Street, Irvington, N. J.
Room 540 State House, Boston, Mass. (Brookline
Mass.)
250 Park Avenue, New York, N. Y. (Newark, N. Y.)
198 Niagara Street, Newark, N. J.
100 West Hunter jV venue, Maywood, N. J.
Twentieth Street and Lynch Avenue, East St. Louis,
111.
Rahway, N. J. (Philadelphia, Pa.)
148 State Street, Boston, Mass. (Woburn and Everett,
Mass.)
122 Hudson Street, New York, N. Y. (Newark, N. J.;
Brooklyn, N. Y.)
1724 South Second Street, St. Louis, Mo.
61 Vandam Street, New York, N. Y. (Elizabeth, N. J.)
1748 East Twenty-seventh Street, Cleveland Ohio.
Frankford, Philadelphia, Pa.
40 Rector Street, New York, N. Y. (Buffalo, N. Y.)
Naugatuck, Conn.
Ashland, Mass.
80 Crown Street, New Haven, Conn.
99 North Eleventh Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
P. O. Box M, South Milwaukee, Wis. ( Carroll ville.
Wis., and Passaic, N. J.)
709 Sixth Avenue, New York, N. Y. (Niagara Falls,
N. Y.)
Niagara Falls, N. Y.
152 West One hundred and eighth Street, New York,
N. Y.
Wauwatosa, Wis.
442 Marine Trust Building, Buffalo, N. Y.
2923 Atlantic Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Niagara Falls, N. Y.
Lawrenceburg, Ind. (Braithwaite, La.)
77 North Water Street, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
50 Eighth Street, Passaic, N. J.
Reiber Building, Butler, Pa. (Petrolia, Pa.)
81 Maiden Lane, New York, N.Y. (Brooklyn, N. Y.)
233 Broadway, New York, N. Y. (Bayonne, N. J.)
205 Pittsburgh Avenue, Milwaukee, Wis.
Public Service Building, Portland, Oreg.
51 Empire Street, Providence, R. I.
1600 Railway Exchange, Chicago, 111. (Cedar Rapids,
Iowa.)
Neptune Avenue and West Twenty-first Street, Brook-
lyn, N. Y.
21 Spruce Street, New York, N. Y. (New Brunswick,
N.J.)
709 Sixth Avenue, New York, N. Y. (Perth Amboy,
N. J.; Niagara Falls, N. Y.)
Lawrenceburg, Ind.
Nitro, W. Va.
Niagara Falls, N. Y.
339 Second Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa.
86 Forest Street, Jersey City, N. J. (Nitro, W. Va.)
Twenty-third and Westmoreland Streets, Philadel-
phia, Pa. (BeUe, W. Va.)
601 Canal Road, Cleveland, Ohio. (Chicago, 111.)
Rosebank, Staten Island, N. Y.
Irvington, N. J.
11 Forty-fourth Road, Long Island City, N. Y.
11 St. Clair Place, New York, N. Y.
Syracuse, N. Y.
80 Beekman Street, New York, N. Y. (New Bruns-
wick, N. J.; Brooklyn, N. Y.)
Jefferson and Bellevue Avenues, Detroit, Mich.
309 Sussex Street, Harrison, N. J.
DIRECTORY OF MANUFACTURERS
191
Directory of manufacturers of dyes and other synthetic organic chemicals, 1927 —
Continued
No.
Name of company
OfBce address (location of plants given in parentheses
if not in same city as office)
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
Tar Products Corporation.
Textile Chemical Co
Todd Co., A. M
Trico Chemical Co. (Inc).
Uhlich & Co., Paul (Inc.)-
Ullman Co., Sigmund
United States Industrial Chemical Co.
(Inc.)
Van Dyk & Co. (Inc.)
Van Schaack Bros. Chemical Works (Inc.)
Verona Chemical Co...
Victor Chemical Works
Warner-Jenkinson Manufacturing Co
Watson, Co., H. F
Western Dry Color Co
White Tar Co. of New Jersey, The (Inc.)
Wilbur White Chemical Co., The...
Wilhelm Co., The A...
Wolff-Alport Chemical Corporation.
Zinsser* Co. (Inc.)
Union Trust Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. (East Prov-
idence, R. I.; Hartford, Conn.)
90 Smithfleld Avenue, Providence, R. I.
Rose and Kalamazoo .\venues, Kalamazoo, Mich.
602 Iroquois Building, Buffalo, N. Y.
11 Cliff Street, New York, N. Y. (Brooklyn, N. Y.)
Park Avenue and One hundred and forty-sixth Street,
New York, N. Y.
110 East Forty-second Street, New York, N. Y. (Bal-
timore, Md.)
4 Piatt Street, New York, N. Y. (Jersey City, N. J.)
3358 Avondale .\ venue, Chicago, 111.
26 Verona Avenue, Newark, N. J.
343 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111.
2526 Baldwin Street, St. Louis, Mo.
Erie, Pa.
Fifty-second and Wallace Streets, Chicago, 111.
Belleville Turnpike, Kearney, N. J. (Cincinnati,
Ohio.)
McMaster Street, Owego, N. Y.
Third and Bern Streets, Reading, Pa.
593 Irving Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Hastings-on-IIudson, N. Y.
o
TVNews
OpenLibrary