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r
ACNE; ITS ETlOLOi;
Treatise based ot
Sebaceous Distas
ECZEMA AND ITS M
Study of Thruv
♦3.0O.
MANUAL OF Dl&EA
Thousand Consecume <_asi
♦i-*5.
NEUMANN'S HANDBOOK OF SKIN DISEASES. Translated with
Notes. S4<''i-
ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY. A Quarterly Journal of Skin and
Vontreal Disfusts. Volumes I.-VIll. ; Vols. I. to IV., $3.00 eath; Vols.
V. tuVIII , $4.<x,each.
THE SKIN IN HEALTH AND DISEASE. Health Primer, 140 pp. Fifty
THE USE AND VALUE OF ARSENIC IN THE TREATMENT OF
DISEASES Ol' THE SKIN. Fifty cents.
ACNK AND ALOI'ICCIA. Physicians' Leisure Library, Fifty cents.
IN PREPARATION:
rkIN"Cll'Li:> .\\|i I'k.ACTK'i: of il[:R.\[.\ roLtiCV. a Thu(;rctii"ii
,1:11; IV,,.;: ,:l1i.. .Ltisrijii Di,Lasv-,..L Ur- Skui. ,S^t..
SYPHILIS IN THE INNOCENT
(SYPHILIS INSONTiUM)
CLINICALLY AND HISTORICALLY CONSIDERED
WITH A PLAN FOR THE
LEGAL CONTROL OF THE DISEASE
L. DUNCAN BULKLEY, A.M.. M.D.
THE ESSAY TO WHICH THE COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA
IN 1891, AWARDED THE ALVARENGA PRIZE, FOR THE BEST
MEMOIR ON ANV MEDICAL SUBJECT
"Ardua molimur; aed nulla nisi ardua virtus,"
NEW YORK
BAILEV & I'AIRCIIILD
11) Park Row
COPYRCGHT, 189.,
!y L. DVNCAN Bl'LKLEY
Right of TrajTslalion Reserved.
WHO HAVE DONE
ALFRED FOURNIER
JONATHAN HUTCHINSON
MORE TO DEVELOP AND ENCOURAGE THE STUDY OF
IlESrECTFlH.I.V A
£:r"™
The AiJTHOB.
rr-T.'iH
SYPHILIS IN THE INNOCENT
INTRODUCTION
The following essay, the result of ten years' work, is presented
as a contribution to the study of syphilis.
Syphilis is not essentially a venereal disease. It has been
too frequently regarded as being only such, and consequently
some of its important features have been overlooked. Many able
writers describe well its clinical history, pathology, and treatment,
as also its connection with prostitution; but the element of its
non-venereal character, in many instances, has been relatively
little considered, and no full presentation of the subject has ever
been made. In the present essay the attempt is made to consider
only this single aspect of the malady, namely its innocent occur-
rence and the modes of infection whereby it is innocently
acquired, by means wholly unconnected with the venereal act.
Nor is the entire subject of innocent syphilis here com-
passed, for that would lead us much farther than proposed, and
its consideration might well occupy many volumes such as this.
As will be seen later, this would include hereditary syphilis, and
that acquired in the ordinary relations of married life; subjects
»» JNTRQDVCTtON
which have been so fully treated by others that they are omitted
from the present work. j
I But even this single branch of the subject is of such vast |
extent that I can hardly hope that the entire ground has been \
covered, or that all of the observations which have been made ]
have been here utilized ; and yet it is not too much to claim I
that this is the most r-nm^ioto mn^„^^.ip], t,Q this subject which I
has yet appeared. 1
In the preparatio ings in a dozen langTiages j
have been consul ted i to certain quotations or j
translations which m i print from other sources. ■
Clinical records, i, ete, are given of one hun-
dred and sixteen original pe .1 cases of extra-genital chan-
cres, a greater number than has even before been reported by
any observer in the United States.
For the first time there is here offered a classification of the
modes or methods of infection in syphilis insontium, describing over
one hundred categories of transmission. These are grouped under
three main heads, according as syphilis occurs, ist, In connection
with household and industrial life; or ad. In the care of children;
or _5d, In professiimal pursuits. This classification is based on the
(.■linic:il i)ljscrvutii>iis which have been here gather^'d Inim litcra-
tnrL\ ,nul lias been ^.duoed synthetically as the work of cullcctioii
IMTHODVCTION xiil
Still another Table, as complete as possible, gives the epi-
demics of syphilis which have occurred from the year 1577 to
the present time; this contains data relating to over 100 epi-
demics, great and small, affecting over 3,000 victims, in addition
to the many instances where no definite statistics were given.
Accounts are also given of the various endemic diseases which,
occurring in different times and countries, and under more than
twenty different names, are now recognized as varied manifesta-
tions of sjT^hilis,
I have made no attempt to include in the text reference to .ill
who have reported cases or written upon the subject in hand,
only the more interesting or striking cases or matter were selected ;
and the Synopsis of Facts and Literature, at the end of the
work, as well as also the Analytical Bibliography, should be
taken in connection with the text, in order to imderstand the
subject completely.
The Analytical Bibliography contains references to over one
thousand reporters of gases, several hundred of whom are referred
to or quoted in the text. It has been my aim to make this
Bibliography complete to January i, 1893. The originals have
been consulted wherever possible, but a certain number of refer-
ences are taken at second hand, in which instance the second
references are given in brackets; these latter are also often in-
serted even when the original has been consulted, as they may
prove of value to those desiring fuller information than is here
given, and who may not be able to consult the original.
I have to express my warmest thanks and acknowledgements
for most valuable aid in the preparation of this work to my friends.
Dr. Edward Preble, of Cleveland. Ohio, Drs. H. H, Whitehouse,
Thomas L. Stedman, B. Lapuwaki, and Titns M. Coan, of New
XIV INTROD UCTIOH
York, and Dr. Valerius Idelson, of Berne, Smtzerland ; without
their active co-operation this essay would have been less complete
than it is.
Recognizing the limitations of the work, and the necessarily
incomplete manner in which some great questions have been con-
sidered, the writer hopes that his labors may not be without
interest to others, and may contribute to a more perfect knowl-
edge of syphilis ; it is thus hoped that it may aid in the advance
of medical science and the good of mankind, and may assist in
helping to check the innocent spread of the disease,
4 East Thirty-seventh Street, New York,
January i, 1S94.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I. •
GknekiU. Considzkations. — Syphilis as a Disease. — Definition, An-
tiquity, Modes or Diffusion, Present Distribution of SvPHitia, , i-
CHAPTER n.
Pouts OF Syphilis.— 1. As a Venereal Disease (Syphilis Pravordm).
IL Ab a Non- Venereal DjsEA5E(SYPKtLiii Innocektium or Insontiuh). —
Divisions ok Non-Venbreal Svphjms: t. Syphilis Ingenita; a.
SvPKius B Corru Leoitima; 3. Syphilis sine Coiiu .... 13-
CHAPTER III. .
Syphilis Insontjum sine Coitu. — Clinical Considerations. — Modes of
Infection: Immeuiate Contagion, Mediate Contagion. — Location
OF Primary Lesions 21-
CHAPTER IV.
Clinical Considerations. — Personal Cases.— Chancres of the Lip,
Tonsil, Finger. Breast, Tuncuf, Cheek, Eyelid, Chin, Hand,
Nose, Ear. Temple, Neck, Foreamm, and Sacral Region . . 35-1
CHAPTER V.
Demography of Syphilis. — CAUhts and Methods of the Spread of
SYKiiiLis in the Past anu Present. A. Syphilis Pandemica (In-
l; Syphilis Epidemica and Endemica), B, Syphilis Sporadica
a Syphilis Economica, Brephotruphica, and Technica). 107-1
CHAPTER VI.
A. Syphilis Pandemica. — 1. Syphilis Epidemica; II. Syphilis E.sdemica 113-1
xvi TABLE OF CONTENTS
■
CHAPTER VII.
B. Syphilis Sporadica.— I. Svpitius EcciNfiMicA: i. Syphilis Propa-
gated IN Domestic and Social Relations; 2. Syphilis Communi-
cated IN Industrial Relations . 143-157
CHAPTER Vlll.
B. SvPHiLis Sporadica (Continued).— II. Svphilis Brephotrophica:
1. Svphilis Communicated in Connection with Nutrition of In-
fants; 2, Syphilis Propacatep hv Attksrance upon Infants 158-171
CHAPTER IX.
B. Syphilis Spokaoica (Contim-'eii),— III. Svi'HILIS Technica: i. Opera-
tor THE Victim; 2. Operator the Svi-hilifer; 3. Operator the
Meuium 173-195
CHAPTER X.
Prophylaxis: Hv.iiemc and MEi.i.o-LE.iAL Con^idekation^— Plan fur
THE LeOAL CoMHOL OF SvPHII.lS i^b-Taf
SvNopsis OK Facts ami I,i ilka i the Rllalim; i.. Svi'hilis Insontiu.v 209-240
AnALVTIC.U. BlIlLloliKAI'KV i.H SVVHIII.-. INSUMILM . 341-386
iNLifcX , i'^'-i'H
4
SYPHILIS rNSONTlUM
CHAPTER I.
OENEKAL CONSIDERATIONS. — SVPHILIS AS A DI^ASE. DEFINITION,
ANTIQUITY, MODES OF DIFFUSION, PRESENT
DISTRIBUTION OF SYPHILIS.
Syphilis is one of the most important diseases affecting the
human race, and its study has occupied the thought and activity
of observers almost more than that of any other one malady,
while its literature probably esceeds that relating to any other
single disease. The advances which have been made in the
knowledge of the course, manifestations, and results of syphilis
during the past fifty years are very great, and have done much
to limit its extension by innocent means, and have also served
to rob it largely of the terror with which it has been surrounded
in earlier times. Much, however, undoubtedly remains still to
be learned in regard to this protean malady, whose entrance into
the system is often so unexpected and whose earliest symptom.s
are sometimes so trivial, and yet whose later results are fre-
quently so disastrous and far-reaching, possibly even to many
generations.
No attempt will here be made to consider syphilis in all of
its many interesting and important aspects ; the subject is one
which presents an ever-widening field of study, while research
into the literature relating to syphilis opens lines of investiga-
tion, and material for thought, almost boundless. The object
of the present work is rather to develop the subject of syphilis
SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
of non-venereal origin, which, as will be seen later, offers points
well worthy of careful consideration, both from a scientific and
a practical aspect, as well as from a hygenic, sanitary, and medico-
legal point of view.
Syphilis is one disease, however it is acquired; one poison
or virus, whatever it may be, whether a micro-organism or an
animal product, is always present in every case, and is in some
manner always transmitted to the person who acquires the dis-
ease. The modes and mpthoHs hv which syphilis has been
s, are very numerous and |
every instance it is one
jain communicated, undfer \
of individuals. i
'ous disease, chronic in char- '
IS into the system, which is
•an, both by inheritance and by
tions from the affected indi-
lariety of inflammatory and
or IciS regular and definite
acquired, other than
varied, as will app'
and the same disca:
proper circumstance
Syphilis may be t
acter, due to the entra
capable of further jirofa^
inoculation with the bloe
vidual. In the cnurse ^j .,.. a;
neoplastic lesions are produced, in
order, which may affect every organ and structure of the body. As a
rule syphilis can be acquired but once during a life-time.
The antiquity of syphilis has been the subject of much research.
and discussion by able writers, and very divergent views have_
been entertained in regard to the date when it first csisted as a
disease, a matter which is somewhat foreign to our present sub-
ject. It is, however, accepted by all that in the years 1494 and
1495 there occurred a sudden and very great spread of syphilis in
certain countries of Europe, at a date closely following the
discovery of America, and about the time of the invasion of Italy
by Charles VIII. of France; and it is further agreed by all that
seasc, dates almost wholly from
avc, on the other hand, dcmon-
Jis has exi^jCcd from the earliest
■ords; abk' .scliolars have recog-
e in the Bible, and according to
Dai:kv,' perfect descriptions of eliancres and of syphilitic lesions
of the skin and mucous membrane are found in Chinese literature,
some of it relating to more than jooo years B, C, A rcucntly
lli;it t-iiccl
.else
clics M
f i.
1
vphilis, as
adi
csh
straicd 1,L
vuml ;i
(i
iibt th.tt ^
vpli,
,K.ri,„k „(
wliich
w
2 ]i.avi; .in)
rec
lany allusions to the disea;
' perfect descriptions of 1
ANTIQUITY OF SYPHILIS 3
discovered Japanese book, dating back to the beginning .of th&
ninth century, is said by Scheube' to contain a full description of-
syphilis in all its forms, and to recognize their constitutional,
nature, and connection with local sores.
■ Whether or not syphilis existed in Europe previous to the date
mentioned of its outburst in Italy, at the close of the fifteenth
century, is still questioned by some, but recent writers have shown
beyond a peradventure' that syphilis was known throughout
Europe at a very much earlier period, as a constitutional disease,
which was acquired through impure venereal contact. There is
also evidence, from bones recently disinterred in France,' that the
disease had occurred there occasionally before that date, and
possibly even in very ancient or prq-hisforic times. Bones thought
to be unquestionably syphilitic have likewise been discovered by
Dr. Jones,' of New Orleans, and others in the indian graves of the
United States, which are also apparently of equal or greater
antiquity; it must be stated, however, that some' have doubted
both the syphilitic character of the bone lesions, and the pre-
historic origin of the same.
How or when syphilis originated is a matter utterly beyond
human discovery, nor do we know much more of the dates and
methods of its extension over the world, except in reference to
certain countries within the last two or three hundred years.
From what has been observed within this period, however, we
may judge more or less correctly of the modes by which it has
been spread in previous times, for in many instances we have very
accurate accounts of the manner in which even large communities
have been infected, as will appear more fully later.
Syphilis is everywhere seen to be a disease more especially-
belonging to communities, and flourishing most luxuriantly where-
ever there is a crowding or massing together of individuals, for
the reason that thus the elements for its propagation become more
concentrated, and opportunities for its communication more
common ; syphilis is, therefore, most abundantly met with in cities,
and its frequency is commonly seen to diminish in a pretty direct
1 ScHEfBi. Vinrh':w'i Arch., iSBj XCI. p. 44S (QuuUd by Hinch, Handb. dec hin. licogr. PiLh.
Slultgiin. 1BS3, ate Abthi^il p. 467.)
■ MiucH. Handbuch der hisic>r..gco«riipb. PalbnlotiiE, Sluilgart, 18S], lu Ablhcil p. 11.
• JuLLiiii. TraitipraliquedaMaUdieiVcBiiriennai, idtd.,Pj.ri., 1BE6, p, 45,.
• JOHES. Kfw Orleu! Med. and Suig. JoumaJ. June, iS^e. pp. 996-941.
• Htol a codtributioa to the Studv of Pre-Columbian STphllli is America. Amcr. Jour. Med.
Sdinca, Auiuil. iBgt.
4 SVPfflLIS /JiTSONTIUM
ratio to the subnrbaD or riiral character of the people. There are
many exceptions to this rule, however, as will appear later in the
ttfaopter on epidemic and endemic syphilis; it will there be seen
that the disease has at times spread with great rapidity in country-
hnms and among communities where there were none of the
camses operating to which its extension is generally attributed ; it
JB still thus increasing among the peasantry of certain districts, 38
in Russia, where gross ignorance prevails.
'Prostitution undoubtedly stands foremost as a cause of syphilis,
Mul far outweighs all other causes together, certainly at the
present time. In addition to the ordinary spread of the disease in
towns and cities by this means, it is likewise propagated very
largely by sailors and soldiers, and consequently is particularly
frequent in all seaport and garrison towns. Returning to their
homes men of this class are also apt to carry infection with them,
oven to distant parts, and to communicate the disease to their
families, and others, in thoroughly innocent manners; thus
■yphilis will often gain a foothold, and may even be widely
distributed in rural districts.
Wars and migrations, as also market-gatherings, fairs, and
festivals are frequently, in like manner, the means of spreading
syphilis, from the license attending them ; statistics abundantly
demonstrate this, and it has been recently very clearly shown by
MAURi.AC.'in regard to Paris. Great public works, as the building
ti (he dikes in Holland,' have likewise contributed largely to the
extension of the disease, through the licentiousness attending the
gathering of large bodies of men, unattended with their wives.
Even in recent times, especially in Russia, syphilis has been
qiread by means of pilgrimages, which often occupy weeks or
months, and are attended with much laxity of morals; also the
Bitimate mingling of the pilgrims, in an innocent manner, on these
eocasions serves to propagate the malady.
In later years, syphilis has spread along the lines of commercial
iDtercouTse, such as railways, rivers and canals ; and manufacturing
centres are often seen to afford the opportunity for the diffusion
of the disease.
With the increase of syphilis by venereal excess there have
always occurred necessarily a not inconsiderable number of cases
iHmikmc. LapiiwiiirUiMaWiriVdairicniic!, I>iri>.i99^pp. ti^-n6.
■ Stiuvl Uebcf die Auiuuuiigfl Knnkheit Hulntiai, Altona, iijt, p. >£.
SYPHIUS IN EUROBE $
where the disease was acquired innocently, the ratio of the one
class of cases to the other varying considerably is different locali-
ties and under different circumstances. In former times, befoic .
the nature of the malady was well known and the dangers of
contagion understood, this mode of infection was really very
common, and syphilis was repeatedly spread as an epidemic among
certain communities; many descriptions of such visitations have
been written and some of them will be considered fully in another
chapter.
From one cause and another, therefore, syphilis has gradually
become very widely distributed over the earth, and there is now
hardly any portion of the known world where it has not been
recognized, modified in certain localities by peculiarities of race, or
climate, or soil. The subject has been very fully studied by
HiRSCH,' LAiiKfiAu,' Lancereavx,' Rev,* Bcret,' and others' and
brief reference may be made to the results of their work in coo-
nection with this subject,
EUROPE.
I. Ictland. Syphilis does not flourish here, for although re-
peatedly introduced from other countries it has verj' quickly died
out. Thus, in 1756 it found its way to the weavers and spinners
of Reykjavik;' but in 1763 it was a rare disease, and in 1774 it was
extinct. In one or two other localities it has been similarly intro-
duced and has in like manner died away.
z. Nenoay and Sweden. Introduced on the coast of Norway is
1709 or 17 JO, syphihs soon made great ravages, at first under the
name of Jiadeiyge, and has since extended very generally, though
ia a much milder form than previously.
3, Russia. According to Leinenberg.' of Odessa, Russia has a
peculiar though unenviable position among European states in
regard to syphilis, where it is so common among the peasantry
that it has long been regarded a scourge in the widest sense
of the word; in some villages at least one-quarter of the inhabi-
tants are infected.
BCH. Hit«Ib.dcthiMar,.goagrapb, Palholocie.iK. Ablheit, Siniigari. 18S3.
HCBIKAUX. A TrcatiKon Syphilii. Etc Sydcnluiii Sociciy Ed. London. i9M, I*
V. Dela>rphiLi>>uivuitlnncacilncUii»u. Ann. de Dtrm.cl dt Syphilig., 1
™t. L« Stphilb •ujontd"bui tt chei In Ancient Pari., 1890.
6 SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
4. Turkey. Syphilis is very frequent in different sections of
Turkey, known as Frenga in Servia, Spirtxolon in Greece, and Soala
lumeasta or le mal qui court U monde in Roumnnia, "where it has
made great ravages in all classes of society. Its different forms
are met with among almost all the inhabitants, young and old,
infants and adults, both in the cities and in the country districts. '"
S- Italy. Since the memorable outbreak of syphilis in Italy at
the close of the fifteenth century, the disease has been present
almost everywhere in considerable strength, at times appearing as
an epidemic, as at Capistrello and elsewhere, or remaining
endemically as in the case of the Sthcrljevo, Facaldina, and Mal M
Breiio. as will be mentioned in the chapter on Pandemic Syphilis.
6. Spain and Portugal. Syphilis is very common and severe in
these countries especially in the southern part of Spain. In
Portugal, Ferguson' in 1811 stated that a large share of the popu-
lation had become infected, through long neglect; by recent
reports from the army records we learn that there are iSj
syphilitics in each 1000 soldiers.
7. France. While syphilis appears to be increasing in the large
■cities of France, and, according to MAURiAc.'from 5000 to 8,000
persons acquire syphilis in Paris each year, it is relatively in-
frequent in the villages and country districts; although a number
of epidemics of syphilis iiisonlium have occurred in villages, in times
past, as will be noted later. Marseilles seems to be the city where
syphilis abounds to the greatest degree at the present time.
8. Belgium and Holland. After the great outbreak of syphilis of
the fifteenth century, which extended to the lowlands, a ' ' recru-
descence " of the disease was described by Everardus,' Blancaard
and others, occurring in the island of Seeland, about the middle of
the seventeenth century, from the custom of drawing breasts.
From this and similar episodes, it is evident that syphilis insontium
was not unknown in the Netherlands. Owing, however, to the
prophylatic measures in force by the government in Belgium,'
syphilis has become very much less frequent, so that the army
reports show the smallest proportion of all the European states.
• Fi»Gi™!i. Cited by Henry L^c, Uclurci on Syphililic and Victinu-syphiliiic innculaiions,
Lepdop, 1S63, p. 314.
• MAL'itij.c. Cited by Jullien. Traits pmiqur do maluliei vtecrieniieii, :d rd. Paris. iSS^ p. 477.
SYPHILIS IN EUROPE 7
g. Denmark. In the Jutish peninsula, an epidemic form of
syphilis was recognized and described by Lillie in 1777, and by
Van Deurs in 1835, and since that time has been very prevalent in
the maritime cities. In Schleswig-Holstein, on the western coast,
a separate epidemic arose at about the same time, known as the
Marsh-disease, and was confounded in part with leprosy. It was
probably brought thither by the dike-builders.
10. Prussia. Endemics along the Baltic coast, especially in
Lithuania, occurred at the time of the other endemics, and the
disease is said later to have nearly decimated some districts.
SyJiIiHis insonliuin seems to prevail in Silesia, from the number and
variety of cases reported from Breslau.
11. Middle German States. Bavaria and Wurtemberg were
favored with numerous large epidemics from cupping, etc., about
it centur>- after the first European outbreak of sj-philis. The
disease has been prevalent there since that time, but was held in
check by sanitary precautions, until, by a modification of the
police restrictions, in 1861, the number of those infected rapidly
doubled in Munich.
12. Sic-itzeriand. Like the preceding sections of Europe, Switer-
land has been the seat of numerous outbursts of the disease as is
witnessed by frequent legislative enactments intended to check its
diffusion; at present syphilis is said to be less common here than
in many other European -states.
13. Austro-Mungary. The eastern part of the empire was the
seat of the first renaissance of syphilis, in 1577, in Moravia, in the
shape of the Maladie de Brunn, from cupping. The eastern and
southern portions are still more or less scourged by the endemics
common to Russia on the one hand, and the Adriatic coast on
the other.
14. deal Britain and Ireland. Syphilis first appeared here in
1496, and has steadily increased up to the present time. In
the Scotch Highlands it has been known as Sibbem or Yaws, since
the year i6go. It now prevails widely in the great cities and
ports, favored by the neglect of all restrictions on prostitution.
Dr. Holland,' in reviewing the literature of prostitution in 1854,
and the measures for the control of syphilis in several European
cities and states, estimates that in the United Kingdom there were
at least a million and a half persons infected with syphilis during
iHoUud. BnlisbsndFDrElEDMcd^o-chirunjiuLKcviei', VoLXin, igj4, p.};7.
SYPHILIS mSQNTJUM
each year. There ca^i be no doubt that th$ disease wa$ gr^itty
diminished during the operation of the "Contagious Dis^a^^f
Acts," from 1864 to 1881, as shown by oE&cial reports frpm tlM
towns where they were enforced;' slqce tjieir repeal it is 00 thfr
increase in seaports and large cities.
1. Siberia. Syphilis is frequent and severe among the abo.
Tigines, and especiatl , A special endemic h«#
teen described as tht
2. Japan. The ( ,s exceedingly frequent ii|
Japan, under the nan md Mai portagias. It has
been staled by Eldr ry exceptional to meet a
male Japanese who w : that at some time he ha;^
suffered from syphilis. stigation of the prostitutes
in Yokohama revealed aui, Eected with constitutional
syphilis, and generally „.,.h j . us of the disease. Well
organized sanitary police meastires have, however, since that tinj^
greatly diminished the dangers from this disvas^.
3. China. Both the coast and interior of China are sajd to bf
saturated with syphilis, which is relatively nyl4 ^IPPOg th« iiaUv«^
but severe among the uu^cclimated. The r^a&OD for the compara^
tively benign character of the disease anioog the Chinese, 14
undoubtedly found in the protection afforded by previous race
infection, the disease havingexisted her© from the remotest period.
In 1870, at the general hospital at Shanghai, where the ships of
all nations send their sailors, syphilis formed 19 per cent, of all
cases, and in Hong Kong, 16 per cent, of all cases were of syphilis,
while in the French hospital at Tien-tsin in 1861, almost 30 per
cent, of all cases were of this disease,
4. Farther India. Some interior tribes of aborigines are said
to be exempt from .syphilis, but on the coast, certainly among the
Europeans, if not among the natives, syphilis is very coniraun and
grave. At Singapore sanitary restrictions have caused tlie disease,
which was previously very frequent in tliis seaport, to diminish to
a very great degree.
5. Malay Archipelago. In some ii£ these islands the disease is
extremely connnon and severe, both among natives and whites.
« ELi,F;iDi.B. V^^A-. .Mtd. i Surg. Juurndl, O.l. iSSi. N, V. Mtd. Journal, Mavch, xUi. V iJ5.
SYPHIUS IN ASIA AND AFRICA 9
Ths specutl features in this section of tbe world seem to be the
s^rerity of the general outbreak, and tbe prevalence of hereditary
taint.
6. India (Hauhstan). Ttiere is evidence here, as in Cbioai, of
tlK great antiquity oi the disease. It seems, however, to b«
diminishing in frequency in late years, so that while the average
number of those infected with venereal diseases in the army in
1859 was 167 per 1000, in 1873 it was but 167 per 1000.
7. Arabia. Syphilis is said to be rare here, except along
caravan routes, and at the seaports.
8. Western Atia. 'Hie inhabitants of the table-land surface
comprising Afghanistan, Beloochistan, etc., are said to have syph-
ilis extensively, but in a mild form. The exceptions to the latter
are stated to be Armenia, where it is especially grave, and Persia,
where syphilis is not very widely spread, and is said to present
a remarkably benign character.
9. Asia Minor. Along the entire literal, syphilis is prevalent
and grave. The sedentary Mohammedans, coast-dwellers, etc.,
suffer far more than the nomads and inland-inhabitants. It is
reported that it has affected the mountain districts of Syria only
since the passage of the armies of Ibrahim Pacha.
1. Morocco. " Syphilis is spread here among all classes; one
cannot go far without meeting those exhibiting the marks of
small-pox or syphilis. "
2. Algiers. A special form of syphilis is that affecting the
Algerine Arabs, known as the L^pre Kabyle; in 1868, out of
1000 patients in the hospitals of Algiers 113 were syphilitic.
The disease is usually neglected and presents very grave
conditions.
3. Tknis. Syphilis also prevails here very extensively ; ' ' those
who do not have it are the rare exception; "' the notion of any
venereal or scandalous element connected with the disease is,
however, not present. It is, moreover, benign in character.
4- Kgypt. "The disease here attains an extraordinary fre-
quency, and is met with in all forms; the primary sores are quite
as abundant as the secondary and tertiary lesions. From Alexan-
■ RuhkicI and Tlrut. \-^av, MM. 1874, II. p. 349 (Hinch Haadb, dcrbiu-gecrgnipb. I'sth. Slult-
lo SYPBIUS JNSONTIUM
dria to the second catatacts it is very wide-spread, and even to
Kartoum, where there have occurred true epidemics of the
malady."
5. Nubia. Although syphilis is prevalent in Nubia there seems
to be more effort towards prompt, systematic treatment of the
disease by the natives, and it is relatively mild.
6. Abyisiitia. Syphilis is very wide-spread here' and Dr.
Blanc estimates that nine-tenths of the Abyssinians are affected
in different degrees; it is here mainly known as the Mai or Lepre
Kabyli. According to Hirsch, syphilis was not introduced into
the deeper valleys until the present century, and the inhabitants
of Gallas have been free till within a few years.
7. Eastern Africa, In Madagascar some tribes seem to present
9 singular immunity from syphilis, even in spite of constant
exposure, while others are much affected, even the children. In
Zanzibar and the neighboring mainland syphilis is said to be so"
common that half of the patients applying for treatment are
affected with some form of the disease.'
8. South Africa. The natives here are believed to be contami-
nated in prupfjrtion to dealings with Europeans.
9. Western Africa. In Senegal, Sierra Leone, etc., syphilis
proper is verj- common and grave on the litoral. Among the
natives, however, in past centuries and at present, there is the
widely spread endemic of Yaws and Pian, and, while the pure
African exhibits a certain immunity from venerea! syphilis, he has
a predilection for the disease yaws, to which the Caucasian is
refractory,
10. Central Africa. As far as is known, the inhabitants are
free from syphilis in proportion as they are of unmixed blood;
those of mixed blood suffer in proportion to their admixture of
European blood. Livingstone state.s that syphilis seems incapable
of permanence in any form in persons of pure African blood any-
where in the center of the country.
11. Sahara. Soudan, etc. Conflicting reports are given from the
oases and isolated regions explored. Some report lesions par-
taking of the nature of the Mai Kahyle of Abyssinia; others
report a mild, wide-spread epidt;mic prevalence of ordinary
fivnhilis
SYPHILIS IN AMERICA
NORTH AMERICA.
I. British America. About a century ago, the litoral of the
great lake chain was the seat of a grand epidemo-endemk of
syphilis (Maladie de la Bait de St. Paul), in which Indians and
whites, of all ages, suffered severely. In 1874 it was reported by
Maurim that the cases of syphilis were numerous and grave among
the Indian population.
a. Greenland. Syphilis has never been able to establish itself
here; in Labrador the Mai des Otfawas is now known to be only
secondary' syphilis resembling the Norwegian radesyge.
3. Alaska. The natives here suffer in like manner with the
Kamtchatkans. At Sitka syphilis is not rarely seen, but its
character is not severe and it yields easily to treatment.
4. United States. Syphilis, as now spread throughout the
States, is a result of infection during comparatively recent years,
following in the line of commercial and industrial extension; it
now prevails largely in all the great cities, unrestricted by any
sanitary regulations, but is comparatively rare in rural districts.
There are evidences found by Dr. Jones of New Orleans, as already
mentioned, in exhumed bones, that the disease existed here many
centuries ago, but it is questionable if the disease as it now exists
is in any way traceable to this primeval source.
5. Mexico, The Antilles, etc. Among the highly complex popu-
lace of Mexico syphilis is so common that its venereal nature is
ignored, and as a rule the malady is extremely grave. Some
tribes of pure blood natives are yet free from disease. In the
West Indies, the conspicuous form is Yaws, imported by and
prevalent among the negroes. In Honduras an affection exists
known as Granes, which appears to be syphilis.
SOUTH AMERICA.
Nearly the whole domain of the Spanish and Portugese con-
quest is the seat of widely spread and severe syphilis. The extra-
ordinary spread of the disease, wherever introduced by the whites,
may be due to the serf-like character of the aborigines and their
rapid amalgamation with the colonists. In Brazil it is stated that
in one hospital syphilitics composed almost 40 per cent, of the cases
treated between the years 1861 and 1866.
I> SYMiJUS JASGNTJUM
AUSTRAI,ASIA ANQ OC£ANICA.
Some portions of these lands aie yet free ; others have been
ravaged by the disease upon its introduction by the whites. In
one of the Molucca Islands (Araboj-na), a peculiar endemic
prevailed earJy in the eighteenth century, A yaw-like disease
( Tonga), has been noted in several localities.
HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.
S3T)hiIis was first introduced here by Captain Cook's crew early
in 1778, although Fornander' quotes Captain Cook as giving
orders to prevent his men going freely on shore, saying, " that I
might do everything in my power to prevent the importation of a
fatal disease into this island, which I knew some of our men now
labored under, and which, unfortunately, had been already
communicated by us to other islands in these seas. " Nevertheless
syphilis gained a foothold and at once attained great gravity, and,
owing to the very lax ideas of morality prevalent among the
natives, the disease spread with very great rapidity ; it is thought
to have been one of the agencies which contributed largely to the
well-known depopulation of the islands. It still exists there to a
considerable extent,' although, as in so many other countries, it
seems in a measure to have "worn itself out," and is now in a
quiescent condition.
1 raiKAHDii. An KFDUDt gf LhE Polynuiin rjiLC. Lundua, iBBo, p. i6i.
•CULKK. New Vadi Juumoicf Hcd., March, iBjs. p, ilj.
CHAPTER II.
rosits orsTPHiUB. — i. as a venereal dtsease (syphilis pravorum).
n. AS a NON-VZN'EKEAL disease (syphilis INNOCENTlUM OR
INSONTIUM). — DIVISIOrrS OF NON-VENEREAL SYPHILIS:
I. STPmLIS INCENTTA: J. SYPHILIS E COITU
LEGITIMA: 3. SYPHILIS SINE COITU.
Although the disease is one and the saove under all circum-
stances, syphilis may be conveniently studied under two grand
subdivisions, accordio^ as it is acqutrsd,
First. In connection with illegitimate seani^ iatercoarB*, ^fh-
iiisfroKorwK, or venereal syphilis, and
Second. As it occurs in a thoroughly innocent manner, SjpAUis
mHMtnlaim (or ms^tium.) or non-venereal syphilis.
In actual practice these are, of course, very closely related,
one to the other, and the person who has acquired the disease from
sexual transgressions not infrequently communicates it in an inno-
cent manner; and,conversely, one who receives the disease through
innocent means may transmit the poison by venereal contact. As
before stated, the disease is one and the same, however acquired ;
it runs the same course, presents the same symptoms, and requires
the same treatment, which matters will not be here considered,
as we have only to do with the mode of acquiring the disease.
A. Syphilis PHAvoRUM. The first division, representing the dis-
ease as acquired in illegitimate venereal indulgence, is largely
connected with the history of prostitution, and has been abun-
dantly considered in the various treatises on venereal disease, as
well as in special works oa syphilis, and many on prostitution; in
accordance with the plan of Has work, this will not now be treated
ot, except incidentally.
B. Syphilis insontium. The second division includes cases
where the disease has been acquired in a wholly innocent manner.
14 SYPHILIS JNSONTIUM
quite unconnected with any venereal transgression, and very
frequently apart from any sexual relations. This second or nen-
ventrtai aspect of syphilis fonns the basis of the present study,
and it will be seen later that the disease, even acquired in this
manner, occupies a conspicuous place in medical literature, and
that syphilis insontium has been the source of untold damage to
numberless inoffensive sufferers.
It is undoubtedly and sadly true, that in the enormous majority
of instances syphilis is acquired in illicit intercourse, and that the
cases which shall be referred to later on are relatively rare, whea
compared to the immense number of instances in which the disease
is communicated in the commonly -known manner.
Since the date of the sudden and great spread of syphilis, to-
ward the close of the fifteenth centurj', it has been known and
classed as a venereal disease; and, although the exact connection
between the initial lesion and the constitutional symptoms was not
recognized until many years later, it was constantly observed and
remarked, that this new disease, as it was called, was commonly
acquired in connection- with venereal transgressions, and earlier
writers, as well as the laws of certain countries, contain constant
reference to the fact. >
So far, indeed, has this been regarded as its only or main mode
of transmission, that syphilis is almost invariably included among
venereal diseases, even in the treatises on general medicine and
surgery, and the magnitude of its position as one of the most im-
portant and serious of the maladies which affect the human race
has undoubtedly been undervalued; and its proper study has been
retarded and hindered thereby. ■:-\% may be stated without fear of
contradiction, that in the minds of a large majority of persons,
both in and out of the profession, the individual with syphilis is
looked upon with suspicion, and the occurrence of the disease is
still almost invariably associated with sexual errors; and, on the
other hand, comparatively few appreciate, if indeed they know of,
the various modes and occasions of the entrance of the syphilitic
poison, in connection with which the recipient is entirely innocent.
From these and other facts it has resulted, therefore, that many
afflicted with syphilis have been wrongly suspected, while, again,
many cases of the disease have passed unrecognised, simply be-
cause of the failure to discover infection produced 'in the more
common manner, in the genital region. ' How far its venereal
FORMS OF SYPHILIS ■ 15
element is its only, or indeed its most important, aspect will be
seen in the following pages. - : "
While, as has been stated, syphilis commonly has a venereal
origin, it is also true that very large numbers of cases have
occurred where the disease has had its origin in a most unexpected
and hitherto unknown manner, quite unconnected with any
venereal or other errcw on the part of the person aiHicted. The
ways and methods by which this has occurred, far exceed anything
which could have been imagined many years ago, and it is by no
means probable that even now we know of more than a small pro-
portion of the instances in which the disease has been thus
acquired, nor do we yet recognize all the possibilities of non-
venereal infection ; cases illustrating new methods of communi-
cation are being constantly observed and reported, and the litera-
ture of the subject is very great, and rapidly increasing.
In looking at syphilis insontium, or, syphilis in the innocent, we
find that the subject may be divided into three distinct heads,
according to the mode in which the disease is acquired ; these are :
I. Syphilis ingenita ; or inherited syphilis;
1. Syphilis e coitu Itgifima ; or marital syphilis, and
3. Syphilis sine coitu ; mainly, extra-genital syphilis.
1. Syphilis inganita.' The subject of the hereditary transmission
of syphilis has been so abundantly studied, and the facts concern-
ing it are so well known, through the works of Didav', Baerens-
PBUNC*, Hutchinson', Fournier', and others, that it need not be
considered in the present writing, and will only be alluded to
incidentally, when bearing upon the subjects under consideration.
2, Syphilit a eoita legiUma. Marital syphilis, or that acquired
in lawful wedlock, is a subject which is second in importance to
none in connection with the study of syphilis insontium, and here,
alas, are some of the saddest cases to be observed; it is in the
family relations that the physician often stands as a bulwark to
protect the health, peace, and happiness of the home, and the sub-
ject demands the most careful consideration from everyone who
1 than ■■ k.
■ IKdar. Ainuiicr
,a Sypbii,.
Syd.
i BjLcrEiuprun^. Die
iHuKhifl»n. Adit
: bircdilin
,SyphLi.. 1
Btrlin, ,
.kal fflcmc
liKlSTpli. London,,
863.
lFourn,«. L»S,ph
ilisii*r*ditaifet«nlivt
p«i^
iSSS.
M SYPUn-IS /NSOt/TWM
M tX/f thne n^ have syphilitic pati^its under observrttioB totA
treatment ; for, as will be seen later, a very considerable shttre of
the wewnen who have syphilis have acquired it in this manner.
But this subject has been so thoroughly elaborated, throu^ the
labors of Lanolerf.rt' and Fournier' and Dida¥', that there is
little further need of work in this line, and it will not be con-
iidered especially in the present connection.
3. S/phf/h ihn %oitu. The third group of caSes belonging to
syphilis insonlium, namely, such as are acquired in other manners
tiian those alhided to, and the primary lesions of which (W«
commonly extra genital, is perhaps one of the moat important of
all, and worthy the closest study and most thoughtfnl attention.
The reasons for this are, that, on the one hand, the danger*
■attend to every one, married and unmarried, and even to innocent
children; while, on the other hand, these dangers are but little
known and appreciated by the profession, to say nothing of
tJie gross ignorance and consequent carelessness of the laity itt
regard to the matter.
To develop this branch of the subject will be the aim of the
succeeding pages.
The following table exhibits a classification of the various
non-venereal modes of infection which have been actually reported
in literature, arranged according to the various aspects of life in
which they occur:
■ mity. Lc peril Tfnirien dam U funUle Parii, iSSi.
CLASSIFICATION OF THE MODES OF
INFECTION OF SYPHILIS*
Syphilis
I. Pravorum
II. Insontium
e coitu illicita.
. ingenita, vel he- [ not cgnaidered ii
reditaria. j" the present work.
. e coitu legitima.
, sine coitu.
SYPHILIS INSONTIUM SINE COITU
A. Syphilis pandemica ■<
B. Syphilis sporadica -J
Syphilit
Epidemica
Syphilis
Endemica
epidemica,
endemica.
economica.
b reph o tr ophica,
technica.
n cupping.
breast drawing'.
hand raising of infants.
lactation.
accouchement.
" eating and drintcing. and domestic
propagation.
tattooing.
'■ glass blowing.
eustachian catheterization.
application of tongT:e to eye.
Kadesyge,
Disease of St. Paul's Bay.
Amboyna Pustule.
Morbus Uithmarensis.
Fataldina.
Sthcrljevo.
Mul lii Ureuo.
Frunga.
Xrula.""'
Mai Kabyle,
Y an g ■ m e "y-t choan e.
Syphiloid of CourTand, Jutland, Lithu.
ania, Hesse. Klein-russland. etc.
. f?J Frambccsia, Yaws, Pian.
. (?) Aleppo Evil, Biskra Houton, Chancre
du Sahara, C'aneolica, JJelhi Boil, Scinde
Boil, Parangi, etc.
I.
Eating
and
,„^,,...
J I. SpoonSi knivei, torlcB.
1 5. ClipB,glHSSCR,Jue«.
use of
Tobacco
3.
Tobacco,
Troches, elc
1,
Wearing apparel,
f 1, T.-l)tti:CD-pipes,
1. Cigars and cirarettsa
J 3. CfKars (infeeied by mWker*
1 3. i>lailers, bandages, lint
1.
Domestic
2.
Personal
and
hold '
effects
2.
Bedding
. <. Syrinei-s.
s- Si.k-cl.airs. pnvy suts.
8.
Toilet urtiiLes.
and
Social
i.
6, Other methods In tamlly
trans-
1 .. Hsndlterclucfs,
[ t Opvrnj? lasses.
S.
Buccal 1 *
Active
and tem-
1. '
) '
!L
porary
contact
1 . 1
Digi'lal j
1 * '.''Lv".
is
at.
i.
By occupat
quirlnc J
1 ''
1.
, . «
S.
Buccal
2.
"'f
iQfliistrial
1
L
2.
By nccessnr
1.
1.
1. Nor« the mothor (en
Nurse
Nil raling heredita-
,. Kuf/i nVt''thB mSthtr
infected
rily Hypbilitic
bynurs.
2.
Nurslina bavtng
acquired syphilis
1. Acquired in lacUiion.
ling
3. Acquired by vaccine
tian.circumdsian.eti
*•
1.
' .. Child infected In lacti
Bj- lacta-
N«r«ha»prim.
tion
2.
Nursling
"^'•-'■'•r SK'""'^"''-
infected
.. Child Infected £roi
by
2.
^uooui palchci
Acquired
anofller
TSuF^'efTf
». Chi?! "iitacted from
by soiled lingers, etc
through
lin^'-
s.
tion of
Another norsline J Nipple tbx medium i
L tile typhi 1 Her 1 tnuuinistlon.
1
By Ticw*bnrn he
Ml
1. Norsmg boitles.
2.
Adults
In ivifldfriB cbild-
L'^p7iiliS '"'''""'"*
J ArlilieiHl teats.
B.
By hanil-
feeding
of
infected
^'^eifibl'.''"""'"™'^'"'
other objei'is.
(contin-
infants
2.
«y«ti..
1. Nursing bolllet.
1. Artiacml leatK.
ued)
Infants
3. Cheningthsfoml.
,. Spoons, cups, elc.
II.
_ infected
2. , By use of immc implt
By (iiher child Ion- . menu, nursing belllei
Syphilis
I.
Brep/i'o-
Mediate contact with
iroph-
soiled arlicles|inf ant
aloQo infected)
. "■ 1 1. Diapers.
LCovermns , i. CradlB elolbinB.
1. f r AA,,\,^
Kissing >. Reciprocal """"^
Acquired
1.
Una L *- '"^'"-'"^
with flt-
tend-
2. r
"^mVL 1 A'^'^'^"'"' (Adults
mfantT
1.
."^contct
Active,
limited
r t. AdnllrseeiTimcbiincrt
r 1. =. Infant infected by ..i
Ui ilal-' v Infection ^y^'^fntanf
1 1ly"uiiil-| Adults usually infected.
S.
A.f,:,..!.r."'"
By blnwing oraputlerlni
Inintanrsface.
Jnfectinnperpartum (in
1,1 partuVli™ i
Passive
contact
DiinnK -tlumber ) C^onlaet in bed (infant o
(in bed) ( ail"" inlectod).
-
..Adult infected.
1.
Operator
the
1 1 Auto-inocol«tion
UnncMSsaiT exposure "' <P"«ly «coiJ«nt-i)
2. f„i„.
1. Operative.
,. Cadaveric
',' a"c«" haanu
■ 1. Breaal drairiDK.
J. InflBting lungs ofnew-
... Applyinglonguotoeyo
■,. Intaction bj- own fin-
Neces.
sary
expos- 2^
1.
2.
1.
D<KitBl
Infpctine 1 man ipiilai ions
finger ", g.
Infi-ct',.;, ■,,. vaginal anal
and other explora-
J: infan" n"ectod. '
in-
8.
1.
Direct
InfcelinK finger Boiled by
' 1. Kew-horn intocled (at
,. Infeeiiun by raisloK
palate and liks pro-
cedures.
Operator
the
lit''
Buccal 1 ^^"'' " """
1.
.-" (JflicK ',f layllo (cir-
is
-un.."
2 (Insirumcnl snilcd with
. Instrumental contact "P"^™""-" «.!;«.)
.. Tatlomng (needle)-
By means of transplantation -
and inocuhition ^^ =■
I. TrBnaplanling teeth.
-. SkinKrafUug.
1. VmciniUiun (from pri-
, .. [.:.!„
.. Jniu'.niin in ra'aoT
CuiiinK 1
r 1 I'hlfbn.nmv.
8.
2.
2.
: HliiF"
Operator
Bv means <>f
iini'kan
'•^■il£S™
1
' 11 Eutliii'liiim eniheieri-
[...uL,™.
'■"■lis
8.
By means
substanc
f
ii™
\' ln1o^aVn.liHP«uUciL
1. In siirKU'al dressing:*.
CHAPTER III.
SVPHII.IS iNSONTIUM SINE COITU. — CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS. — MODES
OF infection: immediate contagion, mediate con-
tagion. LOCATION of FRIMAKV LESIONS.
The methods by which non-venereal syphilis may be acquired
are innumerable, and relate to every conceivable circumstance and
surrounding of life. As each new case or series of cases is re-
ported, it becomes more and more probable that the number of
instances in which syphilitic infection has thus occurred is far
greater than is commonly supposed.
With a poison so virulent, and capable of being transported
and introduced in so many different ways, endowed with the possi-
bility, as far as is known, of being preserved for an indefinite
period, the only wonder is, that cases of the non-venereal commu-
nication of syphilis to innocent victims are not even more common
than they are now known to be.
The explanation of the relatively greater frequency of cases of
venereal syphilis, is found in the nature of the virus, which requires
a broken or abraded surface of skin or mucous membrane for its
admission. This solution of continuity may be produced at the
time of inoculation, or, infection may take place in the site of an
old injury or abrasion; or, sometimes it would appear that the
poison may itself cause an erosion of the surface, if long retained
between folds of the mucous membrane.
When the conditions for its entrance are all present, it will be
seen that inoculation rarely fails to take place on any and every
portion of the body. But in the genital region the delicate char-
acter of the mucous membrane, and the frequent abra.sions which
occur during coitus, together with those arising from herpes,
«C£ema, or other conditions, afford a ready entrance for the poison.
sypmUS INSONTIUM
which is also further favored bj- prolonged contact, together witlt
heat and moisture.
It will not be necessan- to discuss here the nature of syphilis,
or the physiological and pathological questions connected with \tSi\
mode of entering the economy and development therein, nor need
we enter upon the subject of any possible relationship between thtf
chancroid and the chancre, or initial lesion of syphilis; thesei
topics are somewhat foreign to our subject and have been abun-
dantly considered el:
dealing with true sy
always communicate
principle, of whose i
similar disease in at
s3-philitic contagion is
chancre; this may and
according to its lotation, the ne
employed, and possibly other ci
In some instances it presents a striking, ulcerative surf;
the lesion maybe so slight asto have attracted little or
re understood that we arei
ipccific infectious disease,,
nsference of a contagious;
)W little, which induces a,
he point of entry of the'
, called the initial lesion or
;at variety of appearances^
e individual, the treatment
vhich cannot be explained,
, in others
attention;
it may remain for some considerable length of time, yielding only
slowly to const! tiitiunal iroatiin-'iU, nr;i,^:iin il may disappear rapidly
under even the mildest local measures alone.
The only exception to the existence of the local sore as the first
manifestation of syphilitic infection, is found in inherited syphilis,
where the utfspring receives the disease with its life or through its
uterine nmirisliniciit, and also in the probable, though not wholly
ptuveii, infcctiun of the mother through a fittus, which has
inherited syphilis fn>m its father.
Ill studying the subject of the communication of syjihilis, we
find tvvn niulh.Kls of transference of the poisnn :
I'irst, by iiiuH.-Js.tle infection, or the direct contact of one person
■u'Jsatc :nf,ci
nfL>.
f tlic
IMMEDIATE AND MEOIATE INFECTION »3
air, as are other infectious diseases, nor is the disease gotten by
any simple nearness to the affected person, or by contact, unless
there has been an actual transference of the poison from one in-
diviual to another.
I. Im/nediate infection. Of these two methods of communi-
cating the disease, this is by far the more common, and is the mode
in which most cases of venereal syphilis are acquired. Many cases
of syphilis in the innocent are also caused thus by direct contact,
as in the caSe of kissing, biting, etc., and also in the infection
occurring between nurslings and nurses, and otherwise.
J. KediaiB infection. While much less frequent, this method
of infection is, in one sense, much more important than the former,
because of its insidious character, the source of infection often
being unsuspected until long after the disease has become fully
developed in the victim. A large number of the cases of syphilis
insontium occur through mediate infection, and the time of the de-
posit of the virus on the mediate article and its absorption by the
victim are commonly unknown; much of the seemingly occult
nature of many cases of syphilis may be thus explained.
In the greater proportion of instances of non-venereal syphilis,
the \'irus comes from raucous patches, generally from those seated
upon the lips and tongue; in some cases the material is taken di-
rectly from a cliancre, and in a few instances the source of conta-
gion is syphilitic blood r Still more rarely the disease is acquired
through pus or other products of the syphilitic process.
It is not believed that normal secretions, such as the saliva,
milk, or tears c-m communicate the disease: in cases where this is
supposed to have occurred, there have probably been mingled with
the secretions sume of the products of syphilis, as that from mu-
cous patches or possibly blood, which have been the active agents
in communicating the disease.
In regard to the semen, it is well recognized that this does
transmit the poison to the product of conception, so that the child
may inherit syphilis directly from the father, without the mother
having actively acquired the disease; it is also an accepted fact
that the mother does become in some manner infected or protected
thereby, so that she is no longer capable of acquiring syphilis from
her own child in nursing or otherwise, even although she may not
herself have exhibited any signs of syphilitic disease; but to this
so called "Colics' law" exceptions have been reported.
*| SYPHILIS TNSONTIUM
Tt is, however, by no means proven that the semen can convey
syphilis otherwise than through the agency of conception, although
certain cases have been reported of the alleged acquiring of the
disease in this manner, and Baumler' thinks it probable that infec-
tion can thus happen ; it seems more likely that in these cases some
secretion from a diseased mucous membrane, becoming mixed with
the semen, had been the real conveyor of the poison.
In cases of immediate contagion the date and circumstances of the
■communication of the disease may commonly be made out, but in
many cases of mediate contagion it is often extremely diiScult to
■determine whence the poison is obtained, or exactly when the
poison was absorbed ; a striking illustration of this will be men-
tioned later on in connection with circumcision syphilis.
Extra-gBnital chancres. The subject of extragenital chancres
hasreceived considerable attention at the hands of many observers,
■and instances may be found where the initial lesion of syphilis has
heen seated on every conceivable portion of the body. While the
topic under consideration is iyphilis insontium rather than that of
extra-genital infection, which latter, as is well known, may be of
venereal origin, it may be well to briefly allude to the statistics
■accessible in reference to the location of extra-genital chancres, as
Indicating in some measure the relative possible frequency of syph-
■ilis insontium.
The following table is compiled from cases observed in the
venerea! clinics in the large cities of Europe, care being exercised
'to avoid duplication of statistics, which has occurred repeatedly in
Bome of the published tables of like character. Separate special
reports in regard to large numbers of cases of extra-genital chan-
cres, affectingdifferentregions alone, as on thelips, tongue, throat,
eye, etc., have been excluded from these statistics, and will appear
in another table {Table III.), as the object now is to show the
relative frequency between genital and extra-genital chancres, in
■ordinary venereal practice.
EXTRA-GENTTAL AND GEKTTAL CHANCRES
I
"d ji w o n JO
ilWlRlHifl
S| f,» s-l-s- .? sr «■;
I" %%% ,!? . 7 5.5 ?i
5| ?„=. 1 ■ ' S- ■ S
Is
P
&
1 r 1 w i
8|
f
1 4 i ,= i. i
!!■!
s
S S 5 .B S S
[l!
i
5 5 * S. 8 a
Lip..
^
» S « « _
Br«..
a
.S
'"^iind,.
j:
« „
Tongue.
5,
. „ . „ |Th„.,.
.
„ „ .
N.,=.
-
-
Chi.
-
Eyelids
o. 1 - o.
Ch«k.
-
* .
""c.vity.
+-
„
N«k.
^
Forchiad,
s
=
n..^...
36 SyPlI/LIS /NSOXTIUM
1
In this table, comprising 7113 cases, we find the initial lesion is
recorded as extra-genital in 353 instances, or almost five per cent,
of the entire number, and the chancres arc found on almost every
portion of the body. But it is to be remembered that extra- genital
chancres are really very much more frequent than would be indi-
cated by the numbers here presented, for these data are furnished
chiefly from venereal clinics, where those go mainly who are sup-
posed to have diseases acquired in sexual intercourse. But in addi-
tion to the cases of extra-genital chancre which would be thus seen,
casually, as it were, there are large numbers of innocent inocula-
tions of syphilis, happening in foundling-asylums and elsewhere,
in addition to the many which have been observed in special
clinics, such as those for the eye, throat, skin-diseases, etc., which
would not enter any general venereal statistics: it is probable,
therefore, that the real percentage of extra-genital chancres would
be very much increased, probably doubled by these additions, so
that they would form possibly ten per cent, of the whole.'
The statistics in regard to the relative frequency of extra-genital
chancres are found to vary greatly as given by different reporters,
being always very much larger in casesofsyphilisobserved among-
females. The reason for this latter fact is probably found in the
circumstance that it is frequently difficult to discover the primary
lesion upon the genitals of females, it being often deeply seated,
and more commonly overlooked, for various reasons; so that, the
total number of genital chancres actually seen in this sex would
naturally be much less than in an ctpial number of male syphi-
litics. On the other hand, extragenital chancres would, if any-
thing, be rather more likely to be complained of and noticed in
females. To this must be added the additional risks of infection
in the latter, especially in the matter of marital exposure, in lac-
tation, and in the care of syphilitic infants.
Thus, among 2618 cases of chancre in the male, recorded by
Basseroau, Robert, Fournier, Sigmuud, Ldurl, I'cllizxari and
Brtda, there were 150 instances of exlra-geniial chancre, or a trifle
under six per cent. ; whereas among g^G cases of chancre in the
female, recorded at the tit. Lazare, Lourcine, and at Vienna,
1 Kany iliouiii ihink ijiat lh« pctr«niiiiLc M limhiuli. Id ii be leiiii^iabcrEd ihat mn tuntideraUe
proponlAn bI \jutt ul luiuiltuii'iiiHl <]-|)hlliK whiili aioni in nny uiiBliir imiiiiEnt, ihc uiliiul kilc u( ttaa
wrilei Iiii- been r-pccisllj' riitcticd Iri tlii* »ub|ril, ln'r i™ ycur' pnM. Iif Iiu br™ liienlly »ur|irii«l u
EXTRA-GEXITAL /.VFECT/ON IX FEMALES a/
Florence and Padua, there were i lo which were extra-genital, or
nearly twelve per cent.
We have no means of forming an accurate estimate of the pro-
portion of non~vener<al cases among these 353 instances of extra-
genital chancre given in Table I, but from what will appear later
it is probable that a very large number were of this nature.
Fourmer' has recently furnished some interesting data bearing'
on this subject of syphilis iiisontium, from his private practice,
which will aid us in understanding the relative frequency of this
form of syphilis. Among 8S 7 cases of syphilis in females, he found
that in 842 cases the origin was sexual, and in 45 cases, or 5.07
per cent,, the disease was acquired in a non-venereal manner.
These cases were as follows :
TABLE II.
Casrs of Non-Sexual Syphilis in females in prix'ale praclice (Foarnier").
Cases of domestic contagion, derived from nurslinRS, children,
wet-nurses, or nursery maids with sypliilis (all tbe cases
occurring in married women oryoung children), . 13
Cases of infccljoii transmitted to nurses by children heredi-
tarily syphiUiic, S
Cases of hereditary syphih.s 7
Cases of midwives inferted on the finger in the exercise of
their profession 5
Cases of syphilis acquired accidentally in infancy, ... 4
Cases of syphilis uommuuicated by vatcitiatioci, ... 1
Cases of syphilis communicated by Eustachian catheteriia-
Cases of syphilis communicated by rape i
Cases of unknown origin, but certainly non-venereal. . 4
Total cases of syphilis insontium 45
Among the remaining 841 cases there were j jo married women,
and about an equal number whose social posi tion was not recorded,
some of whom might have been married : the remainder, 366, were
unquestionably public characters. Of the 22.0 married women
there were 56 doubtful cases, who were excluded, as cither having '
contracted syphilis from a lover, or for other reasons, leaving 1G4
infected honestly and innocently, in their married relations; of
the 164 husbands of these women, Fournier found that S2 had
contracted syphilis before marriage, 39 after inarriagt. anti in 41
cases the date of infection was not recorded. Thus, after the
elimination of all doubtful cases, he found that of all the females
IFounlH. AniuleideDcmuiIul. eldcSyphilignlphic, lomc VIll.,No. ii (1B87), p. 7;7.
a8 SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
consulting him who had contracted syphilis from sexual inter-
course, nearly 20 per cent, were married women, infected inno-
cently, through no fault of their own. Adding this to the 5 per
cent, of the first class, he states that, in his experience, in private
practice, nearlj- 25 per cent, of the females contracted the disease
innocently and undeser\'edly. In the discussion on the paper,
Ricord stated that the matter had not been at all exaggerated, b«t
that he himself had met with fuUy the same percentage.
My own statistics, although considerably smaller, tell a much
sadder story. Taking 50a recent cases of syphilis, in private practice,
there are found to be 339 males to 16 1 females, the latter formini^
about 31 per cent. Of these latter there were 1 20 who were married
or widows, and 4 1 single, or children ; among them were 20 cases of
inherited syphilis. Of the 1 20 married or widowed women 10 had
obtained their disease through extra-genital chancres, and two had
Ute hereditary syphilis, leaving io8 to be accounted for by other
means of infection. After a very careful examination of the his-
tories of the patients, and the exclusion of all doubtful cases, I am
positive that in over 50 per cent, of these married women the dis-
ease was contracted innocently from their own husbands: in a
dozen or more instances the husband was either under my treat-
ment or observation for syphilis, and recognized the source of in-
fection. Adding together then, the 10 cases of extra genital
chancre, 20 of hereditary syphilis, and 54 infected wives, wre
have 82 casts, or over 50 per cent, of all the females in private
practice, in which syphilis was innocently acquired.
It will be seen later, that males are also exposed to syphilis
insoniium. and may acquire the disease quite as innocently as in
theinstancesof females just cited: indeed amongthe personal cases
recorded in Chapter IV. the male cases were actually in excess of
the females. In the case of hereditary syphilis, and brepho-
trophic syphilis, male children are, of course equally exposed with
female children, while in the ordinary domestic exposure males
and females are alike liable to contract the disease ; there are even
some elements, such as tlie smoking of pipes and cigars, which in-
crease the proportion of the males. Furthermore, many occupations
and circumstances render men peculiarly subject to the contagion ;
thus, surgeons and accoucheurs are constantly exposed to the infec-
tion of syphilis, and a very considerable number, from first to last,
have acquired the disease in their profession; many cases have
LOCATION OF EXTRA-CBNITAL CHANCRES 29
likewise occurred among glass-blowers, as also in some other
trades. Syphilis has also repeatedly been given in tattooing,
which is rarely practiced in females, while in earlier years it was
also not infrequently comnumicated in circumcision.
It would seem therefore that putting these statistics and facts
together, there must be at least ten per cent, and possibly a much
larger proportion of cases of syphilis which are acquired in a per-
fectly innocent manner. The statistics just quoted from Foumier,
it is to be remembered, are taken from his private practice alone,
and are thus supposed to represent the better and more intelligent
classes in Paris; it is altogether probable that among the more
ignorant and careless communities of peasants, where the disease
has sometimes spread over large districts, there is a very much
greater proportion of cases of syphilis insontium, as may be judged
from the facts developed in Chapter VI., in regard to epidemic
and endemic syphilis.
LOCATION OF EXTBA-GEMTAL CHANCRES.
We may now briefly allude to the localities where the infecting
sore has been recorded to have occurred, and will present some
statistics from which may be judged the relative liability of the
various portions of the body to be ir.fccted. The following Table
III. has been prepared by adding together the individual instances
of extra-genital chancre reported by different observers in the
countries there indicated, as presented in the Analytical Biblio-
graphy at the end of this work : the very greatest care has been
exercised to avoid any possible repetition of cases, by consulting
the original reports of the same, and e.tcluding the statistics which
have been at times tabulated by others: the cases here compiled are
recorded by several thousand individual observers. It is not sup-
posed that all of the cases on record arc here tabulated, but enough
have been collected to indicate both the large numbers of reported
cases of extra-genital infection, and the relative frequency of the
sore in different localities. The table presents the analysis of 9058
cases of extra-genital chancre. It would be very much larger if we
could include multitudes of cases where the location of the sore is
not accurately stated, such as those reported "from eating and
drinking," " from care of children," and the very large numbers of
infants infected in Russia and elsewhere "by means of nursing,"
SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
-inoj.
II 1 S 1 S S H "
11
■"■."...■.il S 1 5 1 1 1 S 1 1 S
■"^.^lal 2 ? * 1 S. " ^ 1 1 S
i'".'3*J!3l ' J 1 1 ^ ff 1 1 Ms
„„^., t ? S f 5 3 i - 1
i*
„„ ^ 1 „ „ „ „ 1 1 1
f?
->|duiij. pu>
-J- o .^ -^ ^ " " 1 1
R
™o
^ ^ o « 1 CO 1 1
^
■I'^s
« -r - - - - " 1 1
:?
■.,.....,
5''""= -r« 1
S
■'■7t..,
K""'^" ^ ^ r, 1
r:
■iniuss-iijj
J. 2 - , » o ^ 1 1
p:
■™v
i- " - ' - ' I 1 1
£■
■""S
^ « „ ^ ^ - •" - i
"8"
■Jiunix
o i; - ^ ^ - " " 1
■IMilD
S =• ? ^ '^ :: = 1 "
"i:"
■"!43
« o o r- ^ "' " 1 1
■™st.o.,,
"1"
JTF.'::^):^^
S ? 2 ' - S - - -
-i||,U<,l
a -a -g E? H = - » 1
^^
.5 ii a ? ■; s i^ - »
fl
g- a R L- 2 K .; " -
5
--(..^>3
s 5 :: s ? - - :
s
lu'i'S.a.a 1 ? S " S " 2 " " "
s
LOCATION OF EXTRA-GENITAL CHANCRES 31
We may now consider briefly some o£ the features presented
by the figures here presented.
Chancre of the Ups is seen, in this table to take the first rank, in
point of frequency, reaching the great total of 1810 cases, or
almost JO per cent, of the entire number. It will be further seen
that the preponderance of these cases come from France, Belgium,
and Colonies, and of these a large share occurred in Paris, where
much attention has been paid to extra-genital chancres.
Chancre of the breast comes next in frequencj', with a total of
1148 cases, or 12.5 percent, of the whole. Here Italy takes the
lead, furnishing nearly one-third of the cases: Ru.ssia and Poland,
and France also give large numbers, in all of which countries
baby-farming is very prevalent. The numbers of cases of chancre
of the breast would probably be very much greater if the instances
of infection by nursing, mentioned in connection with epidemics
and elsewhere could be included: but as the exact location of the
site of infection is often not noted, these cases cannot be exactly
located in this table.
Chancre of Ike buccal cavity loTxa% the next most frequently re-
ported locality, with 734 cases, or over 8 per cent, : of these 447
were from Russia and Poland. In these instances there was no
more exact location stated, but it will be observed that there
are several other columns, representing infection in the tonsils,
throat, tongue, and gum.s, representing a total of 1504 cases;
thus, in over sixteen and a half per cent, infection took place within
the cavity of the mouth, which would place this locality next to
the lips in frequency.
Combining these with the 1810 cases of chancre of the lips, we
have no less than 3.314 cases, or 36.5 percent, of the whole number
analyzed, where infectian occurred in the region of the mouth.
Chancre of the fingers and hand. This presents the next most
frequently reported site of infection, with 461 cases, or over 5 ])er
cent, of the total number analyzed. The majority of these cases
were reported in accoucheurs and midwives.
Chancre of the eyelids and conjunctiva comes next on the list, with
372 cases, or over 4 per cent, of all. De Beck has written a very
complete essay on the subject, in which he gives in tabular form
the facts relating to 94 collected cases, including nine not previously
published, one of them being his own: a number of these were in
children, the 3'oungest being eight months of age and the oldest
3' syPHius /.vso^rwM
45 years, although several are spoken of as being "old." The
causes and modes of infection were various: several cases ■were in
physicians and midwives, who conveyed the poison to the eye by
means of fingers; in two instances physicians received the infec-
tion from patients coughing in the face. In a considerable num-
ber the chancre was acquired in a manner similar to that mentioned
in Chapter VI. (Epidemic No. 104), namely from the attempt to
remove foreign particles from the eye with the tongue, the person
performing the office being syphilitic,
Chan(re of the tonsil. The tonsils, one or both, were reported
to be the site of primarj- syphilitic infection in 307 cases, or just
three and a half per cent, of all the cases of extra-genital chancre.
Here again France leads the list, with 43 per cent, of the whole.
The alleged causes of tonsillar chancre were many; from kissing^,
smoking pipes, glass blowing, tasting of feeding bottles, etc., and
relatively very few were from improper practices.
Chancre 0/ the throat, and of the deep nasal and oral postages. Of
these we find 264 cases or nearly three per cent., the larger num-
ber coming from Russia and Poland ; undoubtedly many of these,
as also those previously noticed as in the buccal cavity, were
chancres of the tonsil. In 1884 ScHAntK published a paper on the
subject, giving 68 cases, three of them personal; Petersen and
TsHTSTjAKo^F the next year wrote also, and the latter counted up
104 reported cases. Almost every portion of the pharynx has been
reported as the seat of the primary lesion of sypjiilis, including the
posterior surface of the velum (Zr.rssi.) and the upper face of the
epiglottis ( Kkishabek'). The cases of inoculation from Eustachian
catheterization come under this class.
Chancre of the tongue appear.^ to be less frequent on this list
than might be expected, there being only 157 cases, or about 1.7
per cent. In the older epidemics the tongue was frequently
spoken of as a common site of inoculation, and possibly from its being
a well recognized site of infection, observers have been less prone
to report individual cases than those in less probable and more
unusual situations. Writers on infantile syphilis often speak of
infants at the breast receiving the infection in this location; thus,
1'ki.uz;!Aki, out of 54 instances uf infantile syphilis reports having
found "the primary sore on the lips, tongue and gingival border"
in 30 cases.
LOCATIOX OF EXTRA-GENITAL CHANCRES 33
Chancre of the chin comes next in frequency, with 146 cases;
the cheeks give 145 cases; the nose 95 cases; \^& forehead and temples
37 cases; and the ear 27 cases, a total of 450 cases on the exposed
surface of the face, exclusive of the lips and eyelids. A very great
variety of causes are given for the infection ; many of them were
from bites and scratches, the latter often from infants with in-
herited or acquired syphilis.
Anal and f-eri-genital chancres are, of course, very much more
frequent than are inilicaied by the figures here given, 87 and 77
respectively ; large numbers are found recorded in connection with
venereal clinics, which are excluded here.
Vaccinntion is known to have been the means of the communi-
tion of syphilis in numbers of instances, there having occurred many
epidemics of syphilis insontium from this source, as will be more
fully dwelt upon in Chapter VI. The total number of victims
here mentioned, 1863 is all that could be collected in actual num-
bers from literature, but in many instances the statement is made
that "large numbers" were infected. During the late civil war in
the United States groups of soldiers were known to be thus syph-
ilizedin several localities, and probably but a few of the occurrences
were ever reported. Foster gives several of these epidemics, and
summarizes the material bearing on the subject up to 1S70, here
and in other countries.
Cupping and phlebotomy, as practiced in olden times, and among
ignorant communities, yielded a large number of cases of innocent
syphilitic infection; the total number collected being 745, or over
eight per cent, of the whole number here analyzed. From
more recent reports from Russia and Finland these cases con-
tinue to appear from this cause from time to time.
Circumcision, more particularly ritual circumcision, and among
the lower classes, has been recorded by a number of obser\'ers as
having been followed by syphilis: of the total number collected,
179, it will be noticed that 119, or almost 70 per cent., came from
Russia and Poland. These cases illustrate forcibly the fact that
the site of infection in syphilis insontium may even come on the
genital organs, as is also repeatedly shown elsewhere, in the in-
stances where husbands acquire chancre of the penis from wives
who had been infected by syphilitic nurslings.
Tattooing has repeatedly given rise to groups of cases of syphi-
litic infection: it is curious to notice that of the 83 cases here
34 SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
I
collected, the United States furnished over one-half, the rest being
from English and French sources. Berchon' and Lacassagne'
make no mention of syphilitic inoculation in their elaborate studies
on the subject of tattooing, although the former very briefly refers
to a case reported by Hutin.
We have thus seen that everj- portion of the body has been the
site of the primary lesion of syphilis, and if the exact and mintite
location of the sore, in every case which has occurred could be
accurately determined, it would probably be found that not a
square inch of the body has at one lime or another escaped being
the seat of a chancre. The methods by which this has happened
will be more particularly studied in subsequent chapters.
1 llcnhon, E. HiHo^n tn«d. du Taiouagr. Taris. iS&i.
1 l^tcAsugne, A. L<i Talouagct, Elude ■□ihrop.Bt mM. Jeg. Tatu, iBAi*
CHAPTER IV.
CLINICAL COKSIDERATIONS. — PERSONAL CASES. — CHANCRES OF THE
LIP, TONSIL, FINGER, BREAST, TONGUE, CHEEK, EVELID,
CHIN, HAND, NOSE. EAR, TEMPLE, NECK,
FOREARM, AND SACRAL REGION.
The clinical appearances presented by extra-genital chancres
vary very greatly according to their location, their duration, pre-
vious treatment, and many other factors which cannot be deter-
mined. It would be beyond the scope of the present essay to
attempt any complete description of the characters or appearance
of the initial lesion of syphilis as it appears on various portions of
the body, as the present work relates mainly to the danger and
modes of innocent syphilitic infection and does not include a
complete study of the disease in all its relations.
It may be interesting and instructive, however, to have some
clinical pictures of syphilis as it has presented itself in connection
with non-venereal infection, and I have, therefore, collected
together the notes of the cases which have fallen under my obser-
vation and care, and present them somewhat in detail. While
these cases may not exhibit absolutely every phase of extra-genital
sores, enough can be learned from the clinical descriptions given
to enable one to recognize such chancres in any location.
In examining the records of my public and private practice, I
find more or less complete notes of over 2000 cases of syphilis ex-
tending back over a period of more than twenty years. The larger
number of these patients came under my care on account of skin-
lesions, during various periods of the disease, generally after the
primary sore had disappeared, and in some instances even many
years thereafter, and not more than one-third of them came on
account of the local sore, or with its remains still present.
SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
The figures, therefore, which are hereafter given fail to accu-
rately represent the real frequency of syphilis insontium among these
2000 patients, or even the relative number of extra gtniial chancres
occurring among them; for, while these latter would commonly
attract attention and were always noted when present, in the ma-
jority of the cases of syphilis no record whatever was made either
of the location or the character of the primarj- lesion, or of the
source of infection ; indeed, in very many cases these matters were
not known positively to the patient or myself. That there were
many more cases of extra-genital chancres than are here mentioned
there is not the slightest doubt, while the cases of true sypHiiis in-
sontium, especially in women and children (including marital and
hereditary syphilis), would probably number several hundred.
However, among these looo cases of syphilis notes of extra-
genital chancres occur in 113 instances, or in over 5.5 percent., ex-
cluding a number of cases seen casually, the notes of which are
not at hand, or were not preserved. In addition to these instances
of extra-genital chancres there were records of a considerable
number of primary lesions seen in unusual situations on and about
the genitals, such as those within the urethra, on the pubis,
scrotum, etc. ; these are excluded from consideration here, as be-
longing pretty certainly to the venereal cla.ss.
It will be Keen later that in almost all the cases whose history
is given the lesions were non-venereal in character and innocently
acquired, and in most of them the nature of the disease was not
previously suspected: fully one-third of the cases occurred in pri-
vate practice and among those well to do in life.
LOCAT/0!^ OF EXTRA-GENITAL CHANCRES 37
These extra -genital chancres affected various localities, as
shown in the accompanying table :
TABLE IV.
Location of Extra-Genital Ckancrts.
PERSONAL CASES.
Localioa.
M>lc.
Ftmiilc.
Touil.
Chancre of the lip.
JO
30
50
tonsil. .
7
•' " finger,
13
3
.. ., .. breast. .
—
7
tongue.
3
cheek. ,
—
eyelid.
I
chin.
1
" '■ hand,
'
lemple, ,
J
neck, .
—
:
" ■■ ■■ fortarm, .
—
saeral region,
—
Total.
5D
54
..,
Of these one hundred and thirteen cases it will be noticed that
59 were In males and 54 were in females, giving the preponderance
to the males; this is somewhat remarkable, for it has generally
been supposed that extra-genital infection was much more common
in females than in males. It has been already remarked that
extra-genital chancres ocLnirred with greater relative frequency in
venereal clinics among females; in the present instance the sta-
tistics are drawn from skin clinics and from private practice in
diseases o£ the skin. It would seem, therefore, that practically
both sexes are about equally liable to this mode of infection.
SYPHILIS msONTIUM
The ages of these patients ranged from three years and ten
months to 60 years, as shown in the following table, with the ages
arranged in periods of five years.
TABLE V.
Ages of Patients with Extra-Genital Chancres.
Aga.
M^c^
FcDiala.
TouL
Under 5 years,
5 to 10 •■ . .
15 '■ 20 ■' . .
ao "25 " . . .
25 "30 '■
30 -'35 ■' ■ . .
35 " 40 ■' . .
40 "45 '■ .
45 " 50 ■' . .
50 "55 ■• ■ ■ ■
55 "(« '■
60 "OS '• .
6
3
3
Id
S
a6
13
4
3
I
Total, .
59
5-1
"13
It will be seen that 80 of the patients, nearly three-quarters of
the whule number, wltc between the ages of 20 and 40, the num-
ber in each five years in this period being nearly the same, the
largest number, 36, oeciirring between the ages of 25 and 30.
This is a time of life when, from the activity of the individual, one
would naturally be exposed in many ways nut so common among^
those in older or younger years. This corresponds also to the
common experience in regard to syphilis in general: thus, in a
large number of cases analy:;cd by the writer some time ago, 53
per cent, of all cases of syphilis occurred between the ages of zo
CHANCRE OF THE UP 39
from which they are taken, and another group of cases might
present quite other relatlnnships between the sexes and the ages,
and would also probably exhibit a different relative proportion of
chancres in various localities. It will be noticed that the tables
present no instances of vaccination chancre, nor any where
syphilis was acquired by circumcision, and contain but a single
example of the probable communication of syphilis by tattooing ;
breast chancres arc also not verj' numerous.
Brief notes of the cases referred to may now be given, and the
groups of cases will be considered in the order of the relative
frequency of the primary lesions in various localities, as seen in
Table IV. ; tor convenience of reference the histories will be
arranged in the order of the ages of the patients in each group of
cases. The notes will be given, as far as possible, in the langiiage
recorded at the time ; but, as many of the patients were seen in
public practice, and some of them many years ago, there is neces-
sarily a considerable difference in the fulness and exactness of the
descriptions given, and in some instances the data found are less
full and satisfactory than could be desired,
CHANCRE OF THE LIP.
This forms, as will be seen, nearly one-half of all the cases,
namely fifty out of a total of one hundred and thirteen instances of
extra-genital chancre. This large proportion of lip chancres is
accounted for both by the relatively greater frequency of extra-
genital infection in this location, and also by the fact that the cases
occurred largely in dermatological practice; such lesions, often
suspected to be epithelioma, would be more likely, therefore to
present themselves than those about the eye, breast, cavity of the
mouth, etc. Of these cases 20 were in males, and 30 in females.
The sore occurred 16 times on the upper lip, 39 times on the
lower lip, and once at the right labial commisure; the ulcer was
situated on the right side of the lip in 13 patients, on the left in 12
instances, in the middle in 16 cases, and in g patients the precise
location was not stated
Case I. Chancre of lower lip. Z. A., a well developed little
girl, three years and ten months of age, was brought to my clinic,
April 13, 1889, with a well defined papular syphilide covering the
entire body, but somewhat fading, and with mucous patches about
the anus. The eruption was evidently not due to hereditary
40 SYPHILIS IKSONTIUM _
syphilis, and the mother who carae with the child was examined
and questioned and found to be free from syphilis ; two others of
her children, aged eiijht years and ten months respectively, were
examined shortly after and found to be perfectly healthy.
In searching for the site of infection a well defined chancre
was found on the lower lip, mostly on its inner surface, extending'
partly on to the vermilion border. The ulcer was about half an
inch in diameter, nearly round, red, and slightly raw on the
surface, sharply defined and decidedly hard to the touch. The
glands beneath the jaw were swollen, and there was immense
post-cer\'ical adenopathy. The sore had existed for several months
and had resisted various local applications. The child was under
obser\'ation some little time, during which the eruption disappeared
and the sore healed very rapidly, under active mercurial treatment.
The probable source of infection was traced to another child,
who had sore mouth, and with whom she had played two weeks or
so previous to the first appearance of the sore on the lip.
Case II. Chancre of lower lip. Z. B. , a little girl, aged 4^
years, was brought to me on Nuveniber 14, 18S3, on account of an
obstinate sore on the rij;'ht side of the lower lip. which had existed
for 2 or 3 months, and had refused to heal under various treatments:
a gencrat rash had appeared on the child's body two or three weeks
previous to her visit, and was still present, it being a most char-
acteristic erythematous syphilidu. The lip was the seal of a some-
what protruding mass, about half an inch diameter, with a smooth
surface of a vivid red color, giving forth a gUiiry secretion; it was
somewhat indurated, owing possibly in part to cauterisations
previously made hy those who had seen her, and there was a pain-
less enlargement of the glands beneath the jaw on that aide.
Her mother, who brought her, had been for six weeks under
my treatment for an early syphilis, some nine months previous,
but had neglected her ease ; .ind when she returned with the child
her own mouth was full of mucous patches, she was very hoarse,
and had still the remains of her papular syphlitie eruption on the
lower extremities; therecoiUdbenu question in re^iard to the source
of the infection from the mother, but whether directly from kissing,
or by means of some mediate object could not be detenniued.
Case III. Chancre 0/ lower lip. Miss Z. C, aged 17, applied
at my clinic at the Po.st Graduate Medical School, February 10,
1893, for the treatment of sore Hp.
CHANCRE OF THE LIP 41
Four weeks previous she had noticed a sore just to the right of
the centre of the lower Up, which had refused to heal, and increased
in size and distinctness up to the date of the visit. A week after
its first appearance the sub-mental gland of the right side began
swell, and two weeks later the throat became sore, and she also
began to experience rheumatic pains and malaise.
The lip was found to present a hard mass, nearly circular, and
about half an inch in diameter, covered with a dirty crust on its
outer portion, and moist and exuding within: the glands be-
neath the chin were swollen, and presented a firm mass : there were
mucous patches in the throat, but no eruption.
The origin of the trouble was believed to be from kissing a
young man with sores in the mouth and an eruption on the face.
Case IV. Chanoe of lower lip. Miss Z. D. , aged 18, applied
for the treatment of a maculo-papular syphilide coveringthe body,
head and extremities, including the palms and soles; it had ex-
isted four weeks at the time of her visit, October 18, 1890, and
had been accompanied with headache, malaise, rheumatic pains,
and sore throat.
For three months previous she had what she thought a " cold
sore " on the lower lip, a little to the left of the median line, which
she had picked from time to time, and which had gradually in-
creased in size.
On examination the entire lip was seen to be much swollen,
and on the left side there was a somewhat raised, hard, crusted
mass, about three-quarters of an inch in diameter, easily bleeding
when the crust was removed: the glands beneath the jaw were
swollen, and mucous patches existed on the lips as well as in the
throat.
She thought that the infection came from kissing a lady friend
who had sore lips.
Case V. Chancre of lower lip. Mrs. Z. E., aged 19. had
had a sore on the right side of the lower Hp eleven weeks, when
first seen, April 13, 1S87. It began as a "chap" which took the
appearance of a " cold sore, " and was irritated by biting off the
crust which continually formed. She had tried to heal it with a
plaster, but it had steadily increased in size until the time of her
visit. It then presented a raw surface fully half an inch in
diameter, involving the width of the vermilion border of the lip,
partly covered with a crust, and partly bleeding, where this was
43 SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
torn off: very little hardness could be felt, but the glands beneath
the jaw were enlarged. A copious macular syphilide had ap-
peared twj weeks previous, with mucous patches in the mouth.
No history could be obtained of the manner of infection, but
as she appeared to be a loose character, it was not difficult to un-
derstand its occurrence: she was lost sight of after a few visits,
even before the chancre was fully healed.
Case VI. Chancre of upper lip. Miss Z. F., aged 19, was sent
to my clinic by Dr. A. from a neighboring town, on Feb-
ruary 12, 1890, on account of a sore on the upper lip which
had proved rebellious to treatment locally applied. It had first
appeared as a small crack, near the centre of the upper lip, six
weeks previously, and had gradually increased in soreness, with
the foiTnation of a solid mass at the site, until the time of her first
visit; for a few weeks it had had a superficially ulcerating surface,
upon which a thin crust had formed. Two or three weeks after
its first appearance she had noticed a painless swelling beneath
the jaw, on the left side, and later some swelling on the right side.
As the girl denied all possible sources of infection, she was
left without constitutional treatment for some weeks, when amost
characteristic papulo-pustular syphilide appeared, covering most
of the body and extremities.
Under active mercurial treatment the ulcer healed very rapidly,
the eruption vanished, and the adenopathy disappeared; she was
under observation and treatment for some months, and when last
seen all active symptoms had ceased, though she still had a red,
shiny patch on the lip, where the chancre had been.
Ko cause for the infection could be discovered, except possibly
kissing.
Case VII. Chancre of lower lip. Miss Z. G. , aged 19, was
brought to mj' office by her fiancO, who was under my treatment
for syphilis of eight months' duration, on August 29, 1887. Her
eruption began two months previously, and consisted then of a
somewhat fading, general, small, maculo-papular syphilide, with
adenopathy. She then had the remains of a chancre situated in
the centre of the lower lip, which dated hack three or four months ;
it had partly healed, and was then quite superficial; there were
also mucous patches in the moutli.
Verj' careful inquiry- excluded the idea of any other origin of the
disease than by kissing, and the sore had commenced about three
CHANCRE OF THE UP 43
months previous to her visit, at a time when her lover had
abundant mucous patches in the mouth.
Case VI 1 1. Chancre of lower lip. Mr. Z. H., aged 20, an actor,
on August a7th scratched the lip with his finger-nail, on the site
of a red blotch left after a cold sore, and to heal it he applied some
" face paint ; " on September id the edge of the lip was cut by a
barber, but only the patient's own handkerchief was applied to it.
He then applied some liquid remedy for " barbers' itch," and on
September 6th the lip began to ulcerate and to crust over, and
about the same time he noticed some swelling of the glands be-
neath the jaw.
When he presented himself for treatment, September aa, 1888,
there was a circular, protuberant mass, about half an inch in diam-
eter, covered with a crust, near the centre of the lower lip, en-
croaching fully one-half on the cutaneous .surface below the ver-
milion border ; the sore was hard at its ba.se, and well defined, but
with some adjacent inflammation in the lip; the sub-maxillary
glands were bilaterally enlarged, there was multiple cervical
adenopathy, and slightly ulcerated mucous patches were seen on
the tonsils, but no general eruption. Later, the most exquisite
miliary syphilide appeared.
The lip chancre proved remarkably rebellious to careful local
and general treatment, most faithfully carried out, and even four
months after he was first seen there was still a very distinct, cir-
cumscribed, firm mass, quite circular in outline, and with a shiny,
red surface, at the seat of the original sore.
Case IX. Chancre of lower lip. Mrs. Z. I., aged so, wife of
Mr. Z. K. , Case XI., contracted a sore on the right side of the
lower lip, seven or eight months after marriage, presumably
from her husband, who was then under treatment for his lip
chancre and mucous patches of the mouth; he had been cau-
tioned in regard to the exposure of othens, but being of a careless
and rather dissolute character, he neglected the treatment of his
case and the precautions for the safety of others. Following the
chancre of the lip she had three miscarriages, at 7, 8, and sj-
months respectively, and when seen from time to time had late
tubercular and gummy lesions upon the soles and about the right
knee. The scar of the initial lesion on the lip was still present,
even two years after infection.
Case X. Chancre of right commisurc of mouth. Miss Z. J.,
44 SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
aged 20, an estimable young lady, had what was thought to be ■
"cold sore" at the right angle of the mouth, four weeks before
her visit, June 21, 1893. This refused to heal and increased in
size, was soon accompanied by swelling of the glands beneath the
jaw, and two weeks before her visit a pretty general macular erup-
tion appeared. During most of the time she had had much malaise,
and for the last two or three weeks the throat had been
sore.
On examination there was a large, indurated mass occupying
the right angle of the mouth, protudmg externally and extending
back half an inch or more on the mucous membrane. The outer
portion was irregularly oval in shape, one-half by three-quarters
of an inch in diameter: it was raised above the surface, with toler-
ably sharply defined edges, and was distinctly hard. The surface
was superficially eroded over its greatest part, and gave fort^ a
glairy secretion. On the mucous surface the protuding mass could
not be told from ahypertrophic mucous patch. The eruption and
sore throat were characteristically syphilitic.
The source of contagion was believed to he from a young man
ffi wl.nm -iW- hnd h.'i-n crKr.Trrd who h-nrl n ';<irc ni-uth
CHANCRE OF THE LIP 45
The lip chancre was supposed to have been contracted from a
prostitute, with whom he had associated, but nothing definite
could be learned; he had not seen her since. The disease ran
rather a severe course, with abundant and persistent mouth lesions,
and he still came for occasional treatment, even up to within a few
months of the time of present writing.
Case XII. Chancre of the lower lip. Mr, Z. L, , aged 21, came
to the New York Hospital November 11, 189a, on account of
an ulcer of the lip, and a general eruption, which had just ap-
peared.
He had first noticed a soreness of the lower lip on the left side,
about three months previous; a month later the sore took on a
different appearance, and assumed a definite outline, more or less
circular and protuding from the lip. The eruption had appeared
a couple of weeks before his visit.
On examination there wp.s an inflamed mass on the lower lip,
in about the middle of the left half, extending from the edge of the
lip well into the mouth, measuring one-half by three-quarters of an
inch in diameter. The surface was moderately raised, but the
margin not very sharply defined : there was not much induration,
although the mass was firm to the feel. On the free portion of
the vermilion border it was covered with a brownish adherent
crust; the inner portion was moist and succulent, bleeding easily.
The sub-maxillary glands of that side were greatly enlarged, and
somewhat so on the opposite side ; there was some general adeno-
pathy. The penis and genital region were carefully examined,
and there was no trace of a chancre there or elsewhere, except on
the lip. The general eruption was in the papular form, and very
prominent on the face and head.
No definite clue could be obtained as to the source of infection,
but he charged it to cigars, as the man from whom he bought
them had active syphilis, and was ver>' careless in handling them.
Case XIII. Chancre of vpper lip. Miss Z. M,, aged 22, was
first seen in November, 1879. The sore, which was on the left
side of the upper lip, was first noticed four weeks before the vjsit,
as two small "water-blisters," which soon became crusted, and
the lip very sore; the glands beneath the jaw swelled two weeks
later. When first -seen, the sore was covered with a dark, firmly
adherent crust, but at the second visit the crust had been removed,
revealing a red, fleshy, irregular sore nearly an inch in diameter.
46 SVPI/ILIS IS'SONTIUM
without marked induration ; the surface was covered with a dried,
glairy secretion, with a little pus in one point. One week later,
the swelling of the glands was enormous, while the sore was heal-
ing rapidly from the sides, under mixed treatment. Three weeks
from the time of her first visit, an abundant roseolous eruption
appeared, with mucous patches in the throat; a week later it was
recorded that the inflammatory element on the lip had largely
subsided, and that the chancre then presented some induration.
The patient charged her disease to using the same cup with
another girl, who had also a sore on the lip; confrontation could
not be obtained.
Case XIV. Chancre of lower lip. Mrs. Z. N., aged aa, seen
first April la, 1882, charged her chancre on the lower lip to her
husband. It had existed four and one-half months, and when
seen was almost healed, presenting a smooth, shiny surface, with
some induration: it had been ulcerated for three months, and had
healed under anti-syphilitic treatment at other hands. She subse-
quently had raucous patches, periosteal tenderness, aphonia, etc.
Case XV. Chancre of upper lip. Miss Z. O,, a domestic, agfed
33, presented herself August 5, iSSg, with a great swelling of
the upper lip, which had originated from a " cold sore " five weeks
previously: the little abrasion, she stated, had gotten worse and
become harder after having kissed a friend, a few weeks before
her visit to the Skin and Cancer Hospital.
When first seen there could be made out very distinctly, on
the inner surface of the upper lip, lo the left of the median line, an
ulcer about three quarters of an inch in diameter, with quite sharply
limited edges, and deeply infiltrated; there was sub-mental and
cervical adenopathy, more marked on the left side. There was
then no eruption, no headache, nor other sign of constitutional
infection. The patient entered the Hospital, and under the free
local use of calomel the inflammatory a.'dema of the lip rapidly
subsided and the sore became more distinct, and within three
weeks the lip was nearly well. Five weeks from her first visit, a
m^ulo-papular eruption appeared, which yielded soon, but again a
grouped papular lesion appeared two months later, which in turn
CHANCRE OF THE UP 47
gives a most clear history of chancre in the middle of the lower
lip, occuring just after marriage, and almost seven years before
she came under my personal care. The chancre of the lip was
probably recognized at the time by a prominent physician in
Chicago, who treated it accordingly; but it was still followed by
early syphilitic symptoms, a general eruption, mucous lesions at
the vulva and anus, loss of hair, etc. ; I afterwards treated her for
nodes in various localities and a papulo-tubercular syphilide.
The case is peculiarly interesting from the fact that her
husband had been previously engaged to another patient of mine,
whose case will be given later (Case LX. ) to whom he had izn^a-
vaumcaX^A & chancre 0/ lAe tonsil : the date of the active stage of
syphilis in the man, who at the time had many mouth lesions,
corresponds exactly with the date of infection of his two fiancees,
who developed their chancres not very long after each other. The
occurrence of the syphilis in the other case, to be mentioned later,
was the cause of the breaking of the engagement and subsequent
attachment to this young lady, whom he married, and infected on
the lip.
Case XVII. Chancre of lower lip. Mr. Z. Q., aged zi,. first
noticed a swelling of the right sub-maxillary gland, in the latter
part of May, 1883, and about the same time he found a crack in
the lower lip, near the right angle of the mouth. Five or six
weeks later this was followed by a general eruption, which lasted
until the date of his visit, August 35, 1883. He had had inter-
course with but one woman during the year, and denied ever
having any sores on the genitals, which were examined and found
to be free. The chancre on the !ip was still present and a general
maculo- papular syphilide, together with mucous patches in the
fauces.
The case was only seen once in consultation, and no record was
made of any special mode of infection.
Case XVIII. Chancre of upper lip. Mr. Z. R., aged 24, applied
August g, i8gi, at the New York Skin and Cancer Hospital, on
account of a sore lip.
On examination there was on the upper lip, just to the left of
the middle line, a circular, protruding mass, fully three-quarters
of an inch in diameter, extending from the cutaneous edge, across
the vermilion portion, and well into the mouth: the whole lip was
considerably swollen, and the mass itself was very distinctly hard
48 SYPHILIS ISSONTIUM
and resisting. The exposed portion was covered with a bloody
crust, that within the mouth was raw and exuding, bleeding very
easily. There was verj" general adenopathy about the head, the
left sub-maxillary glands being especially enlarged; the throat was
much inflamed: a very general and well marked macule- papular
eruption existed about the mouth, chin, nose and forehead, and
also very generally on the body and upper extremities.
He stated that a month previous a crack in the lip became sore,
and this increased in severity, under various treatments, until the
date of his visit. He could give no positive idea as to the mode of
infection, but as he was a bartender, and in the habit of smoking
the pipes of others, and also of kissing girls of questionable char-
acter, it is easy to account for the infection.
Case XIX. Chamre of lower Up. Mrs. Z. S., aged as, was
under treatment for a syphilitic gumma of the tongue, when seen
in consultation October 13, 1S79. She gave a clear history of a
chancre of the left side of the lower lip, four years previously,
followed by sore throat, etc. Her husband had died two years
before her visit, of some lung disease, and was said to have had
venereal di.sease severely.
Case XX. Chancre of lower lip. Miss Z. T., aged 35, firet
noticed a small tender point on the right side of the lower Up,
toward the end of November, i88g: this she scratched, and it
gradually got worse until she applied for treatment, January 25,
1890. The sub-maxillary glands had then been enlarged for two
or three weeks.
When first seen, there was an oval, slightly elevated patch on
the lower lip, to the right of the median line, something about one-
half inch by three-quarters in diameter; it was crusted over and,
presented a clearly defined solidity and hardness. A general
maculo-papular syphilide had just appeared over the body and
limbs, with mucous patches in the throat, and cervical adenopathy.
No cause for the infection could be learned.
Case XXI. Chuncre of lower lip. Miss Z. U., aged 15, seen em
March 10, \^ii.), had had a sore on the lower lip for five weeks
previous to the date of her visit. It was half and inch in diameter,
nearly circular, flat, superficially ulcerated, of a grevish color,
with well-defined edges, and exhibited a parchment-like induration:
it had never been cauterized ; there was sub-maxiliary adenopathy.
No simrce of infection could be traced.
CHAKCRE OF THE LIP 49
Case XXII. Chancre gf lower Up. Mr. Z. V., a painter, aged
25, applied for treatment Marcli 1. i83i, with a well -developed
chancre of the lower lip. No notes of this case are accessible, and
no further data can be given -than the above record, taken from
the books of the Institution where the case was observed.
Case XXHI. Chancre of upper lip. Mr. Z. W., aged 25, had
an initial lesion on the upper lip, which had existed four weeks,
when he applied for treatment, June 30. i8S6: the sore was seated
partly on the cutaneous and partly on the mucons surface. He
had connection last on April 1, when he acquired a gonorrhcea.
A general maculo- papular eruption appeared soon after his first
visit. No cause of infection discovered.
C.'iSE XXIV, Chancre of upper lip. Miss Z. X., a waitress,
aged 26, was admitted to the Skin and Cancer Hospital, February
7, 1891, on account of a peculiar sore situated on the fleshy part
of the upper lip, directly beneath the septum nasi. No satisfactorj'
history could be obtained in regard to its cause or first appearance;
it had been there some weeks, increasing from a small abrasion.
The sore was sharply defined, slightly crusted over, and when this
was removed the 'surface was slightly moist and depressed: it was
not over one cpiarter of an inch broad, by three-eights in vertical
diameter, and presented a certain amount of hardness.
As the sore was suspected to be a chancre, she was kept under
observation, without treatment, and at the end of two weeks a
macular-eruption appeared on the chest, and extended later to the
extremities; it afterwards became somewhat papular. She was
kept long in the Hospital under treatment, as she had planned an
early marriage, which it was desirable to defer as long as possible.
The primary sore soon healed, but in spite of active treatment
she presented signs of constitutional infection for some time.
Case XXV. Chancre nf lower lip. Mr. Z. Y, , aged 26, a cigar-
maker, was first .seen August 31, 1881. He gave rather an
unsatisfactory history as to the first appearance of the sore on his
lip, which had lasted some little time; he had had connection six
weeks previous, and remembered kissing a woman of loose char-
acter, and using her handkerchief. When first seen, he had a
distinctly indurated sore in the center of the lower lip, circular,
and about the size of a ten-cent piece. The sore was of a yellowish
color, secreted hut little, and gave scarcely any pain. There was
considerable swelling of the sub-lingual and sub-raa."{iUary glands.
50 SYPinUS msONTIUM
This patient was under observation and treatment for several
years, off and on and was last seen April 5, 1884. He went
through as severe a course of syphilis as is often seen, with various
skin-lesions, hoarseness, and abundant, persistent mucous patches,
almost to the last.
Case XXVI. Chincre of upper lip. Mrs. Z. Z., aged 26, applied
for treatment at the Skin and Cancer Hospital, January a8, 18S7:
the patient had been married five years, and lost her husband two
months previous to her visit. It Avas learned that at about the time
of her husband's death she had had much to do with a female
friend (Mrs. V. B., case CVI.), also under treatment at the Hos-
pital, who had a chancre of the back of the hand, and tnitcous
patches in the mouth, — whom she kissed repeatedly. About a
month after this, the lesion on the lip began to develop and in-
creased up to the time of observation.
When first seen there was a sore, about three-quarters of an
inch in diameter, on the left side of the upper lip, circular, ele-
vated, and with a distinctl}' sclerotic base, its surface being uneven
and of a greyish-yellow color: the sub-maxillary glands on the left
side were enlarged, and she had severe headaclie. Two weeks
later a macular syphilide appeared, and subsequently mucous
patches in the mouth. By May 20th the chancre had completely
healed, but she had later signs of constitutional syphilis.
Cask XX VH. Chancre of mucous surface, centre of upper lip. Mr.
Y. A., aged 17, had a sore on thu inner surface of the upper lip
about three months previous to his visit, May lo, 1S93, which was
slow in healing, and was soon followed by enlarycment of the
gland, beneatli ihe right jaw, and sore throat. A tew weeks after
the sore became prominent he had a general macular eruption:
the eruption disappeared, and the sore healed under the very active
and efficient treatment which he had received from his physician.
He was sent to me because of the fall of hair, which had lately
been coming out in a patchy manner.
When seen the sore on the lip had quite healed, but there was
still glandular enlargement beneath the right jaw: there was no
trace of a primary sore on the penis, nor had he had any lesion
there. The hair was thin, and falling irregularly in patches, as
seen in syphilis, but he exhibited then 110 other sign of the disease,
except the sub-maxillary adenopathy.
He charged the sore to kissing, but he was a smoker.
CHANCRE OF THE LIP S»
Case XXVIII. Chancre of lower lip. Miss Y. B., a seamstress,
aged 28, came to the Skin and Cancer Hospital April 6, 1888, for
treatment of a general, fine, papular eruption, grouped in places,
and situated principally on the back, thighs and legs, with ulcer-
ative mucous patches on the tonsils.
The disease began some months previously, with soreness of the
throat, pain in the head and general malaise, shortly followed by
alopecia and a general eruption. The history of the case is very
imperfect, but points to the beginning uf the disease with an ulcer-
ation on the lower lip, near the centre of which there were the
remains of a chancre, in the form of a well-defined purplish scar.
Nothing could be learned as to the real beginning of the sore
or of the mode of infection.
Cask XXIX. Chancre of lower lip. Mrs. Y. C. , aged ag, a lady
of position, first noticed a swelling beneath the jaw on the left side
of the face, in June, 1875, two months before her marriage ; at the
same dme there was a little sore on the left .side of the lower lip,
which then hardly attracted attention, but which afterwards became
indurated and proved rebellious to all efforts to heal it. When first
seen, January 8, r8;6, seven months after its first appearance,
there were still some remains of the chancre, an induration being
readily felt just beneath the border of the lip, on the inside, about
midway from the centre to the angle of the mouth; the surface
was entirely healed over.
Two or three months after the lump beneath the jaw was first
noticed, there appeared a general rash, which also remained par-
tially visible at the time of the visit ; the nature of the disease had
been recognized, or rather suspected, and she had taken iodide of
potassium, iodide of iron, and a little mercury, which, however, was
said to have made the eruption worse. Her syphilis ran rather
a severe course, with recurrent eruptions. She was five months
pregnant when iirst seen and had a still-born child at full term;
but under active treatment she shortly bore a living child which
remained perfectly healthy, and was over two years old when the
patient was last seen, December 23, 1879.
No possible cause for the infection was discovered: her hus-
band was said to be healthy and pure, and certainly had no visible
signs of syphilis.
Case XXX. Chancre of upper lip. Mrs. Y. D.^ aged 29, of
doubtful character, first noticed a soic on the middle of the upper
5a ■ SYPHILIS IXSOMTIL-M
lip, four weeks before her visit, March 7, 1891 : there was a small
scab on it which she pulled off, making it to bleed.
The sore on the lip presented a very characteristic appearance,
being raised, moderately crusted, and surrounded by considerable
boggy inflammation. She had sub-mental and other adenopathy,
and developed a very characteristic macular syphilide. After
a month's diligent treatment, including mercurial plaster to the
sore, she had still a protruding, moderately hard mass in the centre
of the upper lip, which, however, when last seen, very recently,
had completely healed over, leaving a smooth, red, glossy surface.
She attributed the sore lip to smoking a cigarette, which, how-
ever, was a fresh one, from a package, and she had never smoked
one from the lips of another person ; but she also states that she
was kissed afterwards by some one who bit the lip, but does not
know of the existence of a sore mouth in that person or others of
her acquaintance.
Case XXXI. CAaiicre of lower lip. Mrs, Y, E,, aged 30,
presented herself October 1. iSSG, with the history of having
acquired syphilis two-and-a-half years previously : the initial lesion
was located on the lower lip in thu middle line, where there was
still a distinct cicatrix visible, with some induration. At the time
of first observation she had a late papular syphilide on the palms
and soles, headache, sore throat, and mucous patches on the
tongtic.
No source of the infection could be determined. The patient
also brought her little girl with her, eighteen mouihs old, but
small for her age. a!.si> willi a pr.lniMr svpliilido.
Case XXxil. C/uincre uf upper lip. Mr. V. F., a clerk, aged
30, was admitted tu the Skin and Cancer liuspital April zS. 1890,
on account of an ulcer on the middle of the upper lip. No deBnite '
history ci luld he obtained in regard to the mode of its development,
except that the sore had began to attract his attention about the
close of the preceding February, and had persisted, in spite of
ordinary treatment, until the date of his admission.
The sore presented the usual appearances of a single. welU
defined, almost round ulcer, crusting over ea>iily. and bleeding
when the crust was removed; he had mucous patches in the mouth
and throat.
Under active mixed treatment, and chlorate of potash mouth-
wash, the ulcer imjirnved rapidly, ,^0 that in three weeks it was
ClfAA'CKE OF THE LIF S3
entirely healed, and the raucous patches gone, and he left the
Hospital. He afterwards returned to the out-patient department
with recurrent mucous patches, adenopathy, and periosteal trouble.
Nothing could be learned in regard to the mode in \i'hich the
chancre was acquired, but as he was dissipated, and subsequently
returned with gonorrhiEa, it is easy to understand that the lip
infection took place in promiscuous intercourse.
Case XXXin. Ckaiioe of lower lip. Mrs. Y. G., aged 30,
came to my office October 24, 1891, for the treatment of a large
mass of gummy syphilide, covering an area of nearly two inches
in either diameter, on the chin: this had existed over a year, and
had been treated as lupus, and showed already much scar tissue.
She was a very intelligent lady, and as the diagnosis of syphilis
had previously been considered and rejected, the matter was freely
discussed; it was found that her husband had not had the disease,
and no cause for the infection had been discovered.
On careful investigation it was found that ten years previously,
and three years before her marriage, a sore had appeared to the
right of the middle line on the lower lip, which had lasted at least
two months, and was accompanied with greatly swollen glands
beneath the jaw on that side; she was then feeling very miserably,
and soon had a general eruption, and later some scattered tuber,
cular lesions. The scar of the original lip chancre still remains
very plain, it being almost circular, white, and sUghtly depressed,
and nearly half an inch in diameter, situated near the center of
the vermilion border of the lower lip.
No cause for infection could be ascertained, but she was living
then in a raining region in a Western State, and undoubtedly
acquired it by kissing.
The lesion on the chin yielded with wonderful rapidity to
mixed treatment.
Case XXXIV. Chaner,: of lower lip. Mr. Y. H., aged 33, had
been occasionally at my office for psoriasis, for several j-ears. On
May 7, 18S7, he noticed a sore spot on the right side of the lower
lip, just as he was leaving on the steamer for Europe. On May 23,
1887, he saw a physician of eminence in Paris, who diagnosed a
chancre, and gave him proto-iodide of mercury in pills, half a grain
morning and evening. When seen, on his return, July 27, 1887,
there was a hard, red, shining, button-like mass in the lower lip,
depressed in the centre, and slightly protruding from the level of
S4 SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
the surface ; the glands under that side of the jaw were moderately
swollen. The entire body was covered with a maculo-papular
eruption, intermingled with patches of his old psoriasis; he had
much general adenopathy and some mucous trouble.
He knew of no special means whereby the sore had been ac-
quired.
Case XXXV. Chancre of upptr lip. Y. I., a physician, 33yearsof
age, noticed a sore on the left side of the upper lip about six weeks
prior to his visit, October jS, 1S77. This failed to heal, and, about
two weeks later, the right side of the upper lip also became sore,
and both remained in this condition iiniil his visit, the nature of
the difficulty not being recognized. When first seen, the left side
of the lip attracted attention by the presence of a clean-looking'
ulceration, very red, and giving off a .sticky secretion; the sore
was decidedly hard on palpation, and was half an inch long by one-
third of an inch broad. On the right side there was another lesion
of somewhat the same size and appearance, from which a white
patch ran to the corner of the mouth. The glands beneath the
jaw were .slightly enlarged and painful. There was already a
macular syphilide developing on the arms and back. For the past
two weeks he had been feeling badly, with aching pains, and had
lost flesh.
The diagnosis of chancre of the lip was made, and shortly
after his visit he was seen by another physician in this city,
especially acquainted with this class of affections, and the same
diagnosis was made independently.
The only possible suggestion in regard to the mode in which
the infection had been acquired, was that it came through the me-
dium of cigars, he being an excessive smoker, and being conscious
of carrying the cigar just where the sore was first noticed. About
the same time when the case was obsen'cd, a case had been re-
ported in Connecticut, where an operative in a cigar factory had
for some time been rolling and moistening cigars on the lips,
which were the seat of abundant mucous patches.
The patient, who was a very intelligent practitioner from a
large town in Connecticut, wa« much interested in endeavoring to
discover the source of the infection of the sore on his 'ip, and as
he had been smoking Connecticut cigars very largely, we were
quite satisfied that it probably occurred in the manner mentioned ;
this seems all the more probable in view of the very .similar case
CHANCRE OF THE UP 55
narrated later {Dr. Y. R., Case XLIV.), and also in consideration
of the incident there mentioned, in regard to another syphilitic
cigar-maker, who finished cigars with the lips and tongue covered
with mucous patches, until obliged to desist, from the pain occa-
sioned thereby.
Absolutely no other source of infection could be discovered,
although we devoted much time and pains to the discovery.
Case XXXVI. Chancre of upper lip. Mr. Y. J., aged 33, had
noticed a sore on the left side of the upper lip, near the angle of
the mouth, about eighteen months previous to his first visit; he
could not trace the infection, but had been greatly exposed, and
had drank pretty heavily. The sore persisted for something over
a month, and was shortly followed by mucous patches, and occa-
sionally by later eruptions and nodes ; but the disease was held well
in check by treatment.
Case XXXVII. Chancre of lower Up. Mr. Y. K. , aged 34,
came to me April 23. 1887, for the treatment of a scaly eruption
of the penis, with some maculo-papular lesions scattered over the
chest. On searching for the primary lesion a sore was discovered
on the inner side of the lower lip, on the right side, which had ex-
isted for six weeks; the following history was then elicited:
About March 1, he had noticed a fissure in the lip, which he
attributed to smoking cigarettes; on February 27 or j8, he had
intimate relations with a prostitute, and about March 15 he had
noticed the lip-fissure to be more of a sore, and on March 13 he
had some adenopathy beneath the jaw; this was thought to be
mumps and was poulticed. There was no sore on the penis, nor
elsewhere; the syphilis ran a mild course.
Case XXXVIII. Chancre of lower lip. Mrs. Y. L., aged 36,
had been under my treatment for another difficulty, when, on
February u, 1880, she presented herself with a scattered papular
syphilide with some mucous patches, and a sore on the lower lip
which had existed for two months. It was about one third of
an inch in diameter, presenting the usual appearance of primary
lesions in this locality, and with swelling of the glands beneath
the jaw. Her husband was of rather loose character, and it was
supposed that she acquired the disease from him.
Case XXXIX. Chancre of upper lip. Mrs. Y. M., a trained
nurse, aged 36, was sent to my office by a physician in a neighbor-
ing city, March 36, 1891; she gave the following history: On
56 SYPHILIS IXSONTIUM
January 13, she came from nursing a private case, koA at that time
she is sure the iip was healthy. But three days later, as the menses
came on, the lip became sore, like a '"cold sore," and 00 January
19, she went to nurse a bad case of scarlet fever, for six weeks.
The sore healed, apparently, but on February 15, with the recur^
rence of the menses, the lip again became sore and has remained
so since. The ulcer was treated with home remedies, and court-
plaster applied, beneath which the sore increased very rapidly,
and had been about in the condition seen, for two weeks.
When first obser\'ed there was a prominent, round mass, about
half an inch in diameter, on the upper lip, just to the right of the
median line; the surface was crusted, but on the removal of the
crust a raw, pinkish, smootli surface was presented, bleeding
easily, and quite solid on pressure ; the sub-mental ylands were
enlarged. I subsequently learned that the sore had been already
diagnosed as a chancre by a gentleman of this city well acquainted
with this branch.
No cause of the infection could be learned; she claimed not to
have had anything to do with anyone with sore lips or mouth,
and was inclined to ascribe it to cigarettes which she had smoked
between the 3d and 6th of February.
Cask XL. Chancre of lower iip. Mr. Y. N., aged 3;, a married
gentleman, with five healtliy children, was sent to me, by his phy-
sician, with a sore on the right side of the lower lip, November ao,
1884. The sore was almost circular, three-eighths of an inch in
diameter, slightly raised, with a hard margin posteriorly; the
surface was brilliant red, moist, and bled easily. He had some
papulo-sqtiamous syphilitic erupti'ju about the body and limbs.
He stated that he had first noticed the sore some six months be-
fore, and that it had never been treated; the eruption had been
suppo.sed to be eczematous, as his mother had had ■' .salt rheum."
Anti-syphilitic treatment was advised, but two full months later
his physician stated that the sore was still present on the Up.
No satisfactory account could be learned as to the development
of the sore, but he had been somewhat of a drinker, and had-
smoked greatly, up to two or three weeks prior to his visit.
Cask XI.,]. Chancre 0/ upper iip. Mrs. V. O., aged 37, came
to the Skin and Cancer Hospital, November 6, 1S91, for the treat-
ment of a sore lip, which was accompanied with soreness of the
throal. The yore had Ijcen present fur two months or more, and
CHANCRE OF THE LIP 57
had increased from asmall point, until it was about half an inch in
diameter, presenting; the usual appearance of a red, glazed surface^
giving off a sticky secretion.
She stated that she had had an eruption, beginning a month or so
before her visit, but there was little then to be seen ; she had, how^
ever, mucous patches in the throat and on the tongue. No history
of infection could be obtained.
Case XLII. Chancre of loiver lip. Mr. Y. P., aged 38, a very
intelligent man, occupied in electrical work, applied at the New
York Hospital, on November. 29, 1890, for the treatment of a sore
lip which had refused to heal with local measures. Thinking it
to be epithelioma, he had seen some surgeons of eminence, but
they, apparently recognizing its nature, had refused to operate. ,
The history was. that he had had a crack near the centre of
the lower Hp for four years, off and on, worse in winter and
almost or quite healing in warmer weather. A couple of months
or so before his visit, he had noticed a change in the character
of the sore place, it hardening up, and assuming more the char-
acter of a definite ulcer, giving off a sticky secretion; a week
or so before his visit he had begun to have a general eruption.
When first seen there was a well-defined, round ulcer, pro-
truding from the surface of the lip, about five-eighths of an inch
in diameter, the surface a little depressed and covered with a
crust; the ulcer was decidedly indurated. He had a very profuse
papulo-squanious syphilide over the body, face, and extremities,
and iritis of the right eye ; he had most intense cephalalgia, which
had prevented him from sleeping for several nights.
Under very active treatment the ulcer improved rapidlj', the
eruption faded, and the iritis ceased, though the latter returned
later.
The probable mode of infection was very interesting. In test-
ing electrical currents with the galvapometer he was accustomed
to put a copper rod frequently. in the mouth ; and also in making
entries he was in the habit of Ukewise holding a pencil between
the lips. Working at the same occupation with him were a num-
ber of men whom he knew to be syphilitic, and they would often
use the same copper rod before and after him, placing it between
the lips, and frequently use the same pencil in common ; it
seemed, therefore, most highly probable that on one or the other
of these the virus was conveyed to the crack on his lip, at or soon
(8 SYPHILIS IXS0WT2UM
before the time when he noticed a change in its character. He
was a married man, with three children, and had never been
exposed in sexual intercourse.
Case XLIII. Chancre of lower Up. Mrs. Y. Q., aged 39, had a
chancre of the lower lip which lasted three or four months. Her
husband died of what appeared to be syphilitic paralysis. She
had afterwards a tubercular syphilide, and gummy, ulcerative
tumors ; the notes of the case, which was one of the public cases,
are imperfect.
Case XHV. Chancre of lower lip. Y. R. , aged 40, a physi-
cian of great intelligence, stated that for ten or fifteen years he
had had a fissure of the lip, which at times proved very trouble-
some, and again would remain healed for weeks. Six weeks
before his first visit, he noticed that the fissure discharged a
serum, which he had to wipe off frequently; two weeks later the
glands beneath the right angle of the lower jaw became enlarged,
and swelling of other glands followed later.
Soon after the changed character of the fissure occurred, he
suspected infection, and cauterized the spot with chromic acid,
100 grains to the ounce; a few days later he cauterized it with
nitric acid and commenced taking -^ of a grain of bichloride of
mercury, with four grains of iodide of potassium three times daily.
He had made no local application since the nitric acid; the ulcer
became greatly irritated and increased in size after this. He tbeo
saw a number of physicians who failed to recognize the syphilitic
character of the sore, which was covered with a hard, glutinous
scab, and secreted freely beneath it; at the advice of friends the
sore was again cauterized with nitric acid daily for six days, and
the anti- syphilitic treatment stopped, but the latter was soon
resumed. At the end of the cauterization the sore had reached
its fullest size, the lip was greatly swollen, the ulcer was the size
of the thumbnail, and the glands under the right jaw were as
large as a goose-egg; one week after returning to the mixed treat-
ment the ulcer began to close at the edges. About the time the
lip began to heal, and about ten days before his visit, a copious
eruption appeared; first on the scalp, then on the forehead, face,
and hands, and soon it covered the entire body.
When first seen, July 4, 1879, the eruption was in full bloom,
and quite unmistakably syphilitic. On the lower lip, just to the
right of the median line, a circular ulceration appeared, half an
CHANCRE OF THE UP 59
inch in diameter, with a bleeding, ^aniilar centre and healed
margin, which was very sharply defined; there was very little
hardness, and but little swelling of the lip; the glands beneath
the jaw were still enlarged.
In searching for the mode of infection, every possible element
was gone into, and no direct source could be determined posi-
tively; the doctor had not been directly exposed in any way, had
certainly not been with any suspicious characters.
But it was learned that some three months previous to the
visit, he had treated a patient with sores on the penis, and this
patient, who was a cigar-maker, had brought him cigars from
time to time, which he had smoked; he thought that he had used
a cigarholder, but was not positive. Remembering the case previ-
ously alluded to (Dr. Y. I., Case XXXV.) where in another physi-
cian the infection was attributed to cigars, and having just had
under my care a cigarmaker with syphilis, who acknowledged to
rolling the ends of the cigars on his lips, until the pain from his
mucous patches caused him to desist and seek treatment, it
seemed highly probable that in this instance, also, the cigars had
become infected, either by the patient or others, and that from
them the poison had been communicated to the lip.
Case XLV. Chancre of lower Up. Mrs. Y. S. , a widow, aged
40, had always been in perfect health until July, 1882, when she
had malaise, fever, and shooting pains, and, a few weeks later,
deafness and sore throat. She had had a sore on the lip, which
had been unnoticed until there occurred a swelling of the sub-
lingual glands on the left side, which was shortly followed by an
eruption.
When first seen, some three months after the occurrence of
the first symptoms, there was found on the lower lip, about the
middle of the left half, a slightly protruding, glazed mass, about
the size of the little finger-nail, presenting a cartilaginous hard-
ness ; upon the face, forehead, and chin there was already a grouped
papular eruption of characteristic appearance. There was also a
pretty sharp iritis of the left eye and quite general adenopathy.
No source o£ the infection could be found.
Case XL VI. CHaiureof lower lip. Mr. Y.T., a gentleman of some-
what free habits, aged 45, gives a very clear history of having had
a. chancre of the lower lip, seven years before he came under ob-
servation: this was followed verj- shortly by a general eruption,
6o SYPHILIS IXSONTIVM
and iritis which was recognized as syphilitic by a prominent ocu-
list of this city; he then suffered from various later lesions, off
and on, up to the time when first seen, April 6, 1880. At that
time the scar of the chancre was plainly visible on the lower lip.
In searching for a cause of the lesion on the lip, it was found
that he might have acquired it in kissing, as he was much exposed
about that time: but it was also discovered that he had been a
great smoker, and had always bitten off the cigars, and in smoking
had been accustomed to rest the cigar just where the sore had
been, on the Up; so that this might be another possible case where
the poison was conveyed by means of cigars.
Case XLVII. Chanere of upper lip. Mrs. Y. U., a widow,
aged 47, with five children, first noticed a sore on the left side of
the upper lip about the beginning of August, 18SS; this grew
larger, and became harder, and ulcerated, and, about a. month
after its first appearance, the sub-maxillary glands on the left side
became enlarged.
When first seen, the ulcer had healed, leaving a dark-red scar
nearly an inch in diameter; there was then general adenitis, sore
throat, alopecia, and headache, together with a small, grouped
papular eruption especially on the forearms, which she stated was
the first cutaneous manifestation of the disease.
No clue could be obtained in regard to the source of infection.
Case XLVIIt. Chancre of lower Up. Mr, Y. V., aged 51, a
miner, came from California lu be treated for supposed cancer of
the lip, in the Skin and Cancer Hospital, January a, 1889. The
disease had begun six weeks previously, shortly after a blow upon
the mouth, whereby the lip was cut by the teeth. The lip began
to harden in about a week, and ten days later he noticed swelling
of the sub-maxillary glands; ihe sore had been cauterized repteat^
edly, and the lip became greatly swulltn and inflamed.
When he first came under ub.-icrvation, the entire lower lip was
greatly inflamed, and protruded considcnibly, rendering drinking
and talking dilTicult and painful. Closer examination showed on
the inner, central portion of the lower lip. a large, hard mass, a
little over an inch in tran.sverse diameter, and occupying the inner <
surface almost to the gum, and extending on to half of the ver-
milion border of the Up; it was ulcerated and raw, and secreted m.
watery, sticky fluid. While the entire mass was somewhat hard,
the edge on the vermilion portion of the lip showed a very marked,
CHANCRE OF THE UP 6i
almost cartilaginous hardness. There was then poly-adenitis, and
a maculo-papular eruption, which had been present for about
one week.
Under active mercurial inunctions, and mercurial ointment,
diluted, as a local dressing, the disease did remarkablywe!!, sothat
within two weeks the eruption had disappeared, and the lip was
practically healed : although mucous patches continued to de-
velop in tile mouth under treatment. Three weeks from the time
he was first seen, it was recorded that there was only about one-
half of the original induratirn left on the lip, the sore being en-
tirely healed over: he then passed from observation for a while,
but returned four months later, with mucous patches on the tongue.
No definite facts were obtained in regard to the mode of infec-
tion. He had lived a rough life in a mining district, had smoked
various pipes lying around in an assayer's office, where he worked,
and had kissed girls of doubtful character, before the sore appeared.
Case XLIX. Chancre of upper lip. Mr. Y. W., aged 53. con-
sulted me first March 29, 1890, on account of a small sore in the
centre of the upper lip. He had noticed it not more than two or
three weeks previousto his visit, beginning as a "sort of a pustule;"
he had not had any "cold sores."
When first seen there was a button-like mass, about one-third
of an inch in diameier, and raised perhaps a line above the sur-
rounding tissue. It was covered in part by a crust, and part of it
was raw and exuding: on pinching it gently a very well defined
hardness was perceptible. He was placed at once upon mercury
and chalk internally, in full doses, and the sore improved rapidly,
so that in three weeks it had become covered with epidermis and
ceased to secrete: but it retained its perfect character and appear-
ance as a button for at least two months. He had very moderate
secondary sj'mptoms, but occasionally mncous patches would
appear in the mouth, and later an onychia affecting almost all the
nails.
In searching for the source "f infection, I found that he liad
repeatedly kissed a girl who had sore lips ; the girl was brought to
me and was found to have very active syphilis, alopecia, macular
eruption, multiple adenopathy, and abundant mucous patches, in
the mouth and throat.
Although cautioned strenuously in regard to the danger of in-
fecting others, this gentleman brought me his own sou, some
69 SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
eight months later, with fresh syphilis, undoubtedly from infection
through a chancre of the tonsil; this case will be mentioned
later (Case LI.)-
Case L. Chancre of lower lip. Mrs, Y. X., a respectable
looking woman ot 59 years, applied for the treatment of an exten-
sive tubercular sj"phiHde involving much of the face; three years
previous she had had an eruption which had left scars on the arms.
She gave a history of chancre of the lip, of which the scar could
be seen in the centre of the left half of the lower lip.
Case L. {bis) Chancre of lower lip. As these pages are pass-
ing through the press, another case of lip chancre has come under
my care. Mrs. J. H., aged iS, has a large protruding mass
occupying the entire right half of the lower lip, an inch long by
half an inch wide; the surface is smooth, deep red, and shiny;
much adenopathy exists beneath the right jaw, and double post
cervical adenopathy.
The sore started from the burn of a cigar about six weeks ago,
and probably became infected by kissing, or possibly from smok-
ing cigarettes belonging to others.
In addition to these fifty-one instances of chancre of the lip,
there could well be counted four more personal cases in children;
these were presumably infected in the mouth, by mothers who had
chancres of the breast, obtained by nursing strange children, and
whose cases will be mentioned later. The exact site of the primary
lesion in these children was not recorded, as the cases were observed
some time ago, and before my attention was very specially directed
to this subject. It is possible that the primary sores could not be
recognized, for, as is well known, these are apt to be very indis-
tinct, and of relatively lirtcf duration, in the mouths of children
who acquire them in unr.sin.L;.
Fifteen cases of chancre of the tonsil are here recorded, or, over
thirteen per cent, of all tlie cases; seven of these occurred in
females, and eight in males. In most of the instances the primary
lesion was carefully observed, and demonstrated to others; in a
few of the cases the history was so clear and conchisive that the
diagnosis was accepted as certain. In nine cases the right tonsil
CHANCRE OF THE TONSIL 6j
alone was infected, in three cases the left tonsil alone, and in three
cases both tonsils received the infection."
Case LI. Chanert of right tonsil. Master Y. Y. , aged 1 1 years,
the son of Mr. Y. W. , Case XLIX. , with chancre of the lip, was
brought to me by his father, November g, 1890, on account of the
condition of his mouth; his father, a most intelligent gentleman,
was acquainted with medicine, and, as he had been strenously
cautioned in regard to the danger of infection, he had been on the
lookout for any possible results in his family. It should also be
stated that for particular reasons the servant girl, from whom the
father had contracted his lip chancre, was still kept in the
family, though under rigid care.
It seems that while in the country, in July, there was noticed
a swelling of the right tonsil, with some soreness, but no attention
was paid to it, and in August there was an enlargement of the
glands beneath the jaw on that side, followed, before long, by a
swelling of the glands of the other side. By the first of Septem-
ber the mouth began to be sore, and remained so until the date of
his visit. No eruption had been noticed.
When first seen the buccal cavity was full of mucous patches,
and at the corners of the mouth they presented a peculiar pouting
condition exteriorly ; the right tonsil was larger than the left,
redder, and superficially ulcerated, and the left had abundant mu-
cous patches. There was a very general adenopathy', submaxill-
ary, post-cervical, cubital, and inguinal ; there was no lesion on the
penis, nor any other sore on the body, so that we were forced to
believe that the infection had entered the tonsil, which indeed,
had presented all the accompanying phenomena. He had also a
peculiar, earthy look, and malaise. The lesions melted away,
under quarter-grain doses of calomel every few hours, and within
ten weeks had entirely disappeared, but returned somewhat
later.
Case LII. Chancre of right tonsil. Miss Y, Z., aged 19, a young
woman of uncertain character, applied, on June 28, 1SS7, for
the treatment of a general macular eruption, which was said to
have lasted two weeks; it was fading somewhat at the time of the
first visit. There was tenderness over the tibi^ and also painful
periosteal swellings on the forehead. She utterly denied having
1 S« Clinlcftl NoiM on Chanert or the Tonjil, wilh Mal/K. o( fillMii u>m. New Vott Medioil
64 SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
any sores on any part of the body, and also denied ever having I
had connection ; her occupation was that of a singer in an operatic ]
chorus, and when questioned alone she seemed aiive to the ii?-
portance of the case, and truthful in her answers.
The throat was complained of as being sore, and on examina-
tion both tonsils were found to be large, verj- red, and eroded,
and on palpation the right tonsil was found to present an almost
■ cartilaginous hardness; the submaxillary glands were enlarged,
those on the right side being the most affected. Under active
specific treatment the eruption faded rapidly, and, by the end of
three weeks, the throat was largely healed. She was lost sight of
before the tonsillar iniluration had entirely disappeared.
'-' No direct cause for the infection was learned, but from the
life she led, and the character of many with whom she was asso-
ciated, it can readily be understood that such aii accident could
happen from drinking vessels, etc.
C.\SE Llll. Chancre of right lonsii. Mr, X, A., aged 19. ap-
plied at my clinic at the New York Ho.^pLtal, June 17, 1S91, for the
treatment uf a severe acne, mainly on the l>ai:k, which had lasted
for many months. During my absence lie was placed upon proper
treatment, and the eruption improved. About August i he com-
plained of a siircnoss of the thriiut, and ivcnt to a throat clinic,
where the trouble was diagnosticated touaillitis, and an iron and
chlorate of potash mixture ordered.
It was soon noticed that he had a general eruption, which was
recognized as syphilitic, but no initial lesion had Ijcen discovered,
limit August zh. when I first saw the patient.
There was tlien much general swelling of the right side of the
neck, and tlie right tonsil was found to iirotrudo fully one-half
across the pharynx; at the lower margin of it there was a raw
surface aiiout half an inch in diameter, sliarjily outlined, but irreg-
ular in shape. On p;d[>niioii this \\-A-r~ hard, and the hardness in-
creased later: the left toni^il was not enlarged, and never hard.
The nglil sub maxillary gland was enomionsiy .swollen, the left
less .so, and tlie ]>ost-auriciiiar and occipital glands enlarged, those
on the right side especially so. The genitals were healthy, no
urethral-or other chancre. The fellow confessed to bestial prac-
tices, up to July 4, aljnut the time when he first noticed the right
side of the throat sore. The syphilis ran a moderately severe
eom-s,- nnd he i.s sliU under In-alment '*' Si
CHANCRE OF THE TONSIL 65
Case LIV. Chancre of left lonsil. MissX. B. , a lovely young lady,
of 21 years, came under treatment May 14, i8;8; she had then a
papular eruption upon both palms, the arms, thighs, legs, and
body, with the history of its having made its first appearance
about three months previously, after a period of malaise, with a
sore throat and distressing neuralgia of the head. The young
lady being an old personal friend of the family, the eruption was
prescribed for, but no close investigation was made at the time
as to the mode of infection; nor did I, at the moment, suspect
that there had been an initial lesion on the tonsil, as I had not
then had my attention particularly called to the frequency of the
sore in this location.
Upon close questioning later, however, it was learned that
about Christmas time she began to experience the first symptoms
of sickness, in the way of a soreness on the left side of the throat,
a slinging pain, with a swelling beneath the jaw; this was soon
followed by the early symptoms above mentioned. It was further
learned that the young gentleman to whom she was engaged at
the time, was of dissolute habits, and had recent syphilis; and,
also, that at the date when the chancre of the tonsil was
acquired by her, he had a very great amtmnt of soreness of
the tongue and lips, which, however, was then attributed to
smoking. The engagement was broken off soon after she became
infected.
For various reasons the treatment for the disease was rather
ineffectually carried out in this case, and at the expiration of even
eight years from the date of infection, she still suffered greatly at
times from nodes on the ribs, clavicle, radius and tibia, and occa-
sionally had almost unbearable neuralgia.
Case LV. Chancre of both tonsils. Mr. X. C, an effeminate-
looking man, aged 2j, much broken down in health, applied on
June 32, 1887, for the treatment of syphilis. He denied all infec-
tion by sexual intercourse, and there were no signs of a previous
initial lesion on the penis, nor had he had any such. After some
questioning alone, however, he gave the history of bestial prac-
tices, charging his trouble mainly to a young man of wealth.
In September, nine months before his visit, his throat be-
came very sore, a couple of weeks after having been exposed,
when both tonsils swelled and became covered with a white deposit,
with enlargement of the glands in the throat. He then had fever
66 SYPHILIS IXSQNTIUM
and malaise, and was treated for diphtheria, until the occurrence
of a general rash over the body, hmbs and scalp, suggested the
nature of the throat affection; a month later mucous patches ap-
peared on the penis and scrotum, together with inguinal aden-
opathy. He was then treated for syphilis and all trouble disap-
peared except the sore throat. When seen, the tonsils were en-
larged, but nothing; characteristic remained. Subsequently he had
some of the later manifestations of syphilis.
Case LVI. Chancre of left tonsil. Mr. X. D., also aged n,
was another very similar case, seen some three years later, No-
vember 15, 1890. He was a thin, rather effeminate young- man,
who also acknowledged evil practices. He came for the treatment
of a very general maculo-papular eruption, many of the lesions
being also pustular: there was general adenopathy, neuralgia,
malaise, etc.
On examination of the thriuit the loft timsil was found to be ^-
larged and very red, and about its centre there was a patch about
half an inch in diameter, sharply defined, and distinctly ulcerated:
on palpation the tonsil was of a very decided hardness; the
glands beneath the jaw on that side were greatly enlarged. Ex-
amination showed the penis to be free from any sores, or signs of
them, nor was there any initial lesion elsewhere on the body than
on the tim.sil.
Cask LVH. Chancre of Icfl tonsil. Mr. X. E., a printer, aged
23, first noticed a pain on swallowing, four or five weeks before
his first visit, June 4, i^S;; two weeks later he discovered that
the ylands in the neck were swollen.
"When he came under observation the left tonsil was so large
as to block up over one-h-ilf of the fauces: the surface was super-
ficially ulcerated, of a livid color, and, at its upper portion espe-
cially, very hard to the touch. The patient, who was a very intelli-
gent man, had often palpated his throat and of liis own accord
spoke of the ton.sii being ''as hard as a stone, " This hardness was
repeatedly noted, and was even more marked at a little later period
in the case. The cervical glands of the affected jiide were nearly
all enlarj^'cd, and matted together with cellulitis; there were a few
mucous patches on the uvula and tnn,L;ue, and siime tenderness
over the lower part of the crests of the tibiie. Two or three weeks
after his first visit, a most perfect macular syphilide broke out over
the entire body, quite ovcrshadnwing the abundant tinea versicolor
ClfANCRE OF THE TONSIL 6?
which he had had on the back and chest for twelve years. The geni-
tals were intact.
In regard to the mode of acquiring the disease in this case,
no accurate knowledge could be obtained. He himself attributed
it to drinking from the same cup with other workmen, he remem-
bering having drank after one man with mouth-lesions; he had,
however,' also had intimate relations with a number of women,
but knew of none to whom he could charge it.
Case LVIII. Chancre of right tomil. Mrs. X. F., aged 27,
whose husband was in the theatrical business, and had recent
syphilis, came to my office April 7, 1891, on account of a pretty
general, large, papular syphilide, which was freely distributed on
the face, scalp, and neck, with some on the body and limbs. This
had existed about seven weeks, and had been preceded by a great
soreness of the right side of the throat, beginning six weeks pre-
vious, or about three months before her visit. The eruption had
begun upon the face.
The right tonsil was found to be greatly swollen, extending
high up behind the soft palate, and was all quite hard to the
touch : on the lower portion there was an ulcerated and moderately »
excavated area: the left tonsil was about normal, with no hard-
ness. She stated that a month or so previous the mouth was
almost closed, and she could take only liquid food for several
weeks. The glands beneath the right jaw were greatly enlarged,
and there was some general adcnopathy-
The eruption yielded rapidly to specific treatment, but the tonsil
was noted as still hard at the end of three weeks: a week or two
later, under very active treatment the tonsil had diminished
greatly in size, and the chancre had somewhat healed, leaving a
whitish, depressed, star-shaped scar. No particular mode of in-
fection could be discovered.
Case LIX. Chancre ef both tonsils. Mr. X. G., aged 28, came
under my observation, March 8, 1S93, under rather curious circum-
stances.
His wife had been sent to me in consultation, a few days pre-
vious, with a papulo-.squamous syphilide, very general on the face,
trunk, limbs, and palms. Her physician was uncertain as to the
diagnosis on account of the absence of rea.sons for the contagion,
as her husband was a proper man, and there was no reason to
suppose that he had contracted syphilis. I learned, however, that
68 SYPIULIS INSONTIUM
he had had a slight general eruption just before his wife, which had
followed a severe and prolonged disease in the throat which had
been called tonsillitis, and that he yet had a large swelling of the
glands beneath the left jaw. I therefore asked to see him.
On investigation it was learned that he had been very actively
engaged in a political club, leading the singing, and smoking va-
rious pipes, and drinking promiscuously after others, although
never to intoxication. About the middle of October his throat
had become very sore, with enlargement of the glands beneath the
jaw on each side. He then had great malaise for several weeks, and
a month or two later a general macular eruption appeared, o£
which there were traces still present ; the great adenopathy of the
left side had developed a week or two before his visit. He had
never had any active treatment, but a mixed an ti -syphilitic course
had been instituted a week or so previously, as he himself sus-
pected that he had syphilis, although he had certainly not been ex-
posed venercally since his marriage, five years previously.
On examination the throat was red, and the left side particu-
larly swollen ; the right tonsil still showed a line of hardness, with
the remains of an excavated ulcer; no marked hardness could be
made out on the left side. The glands under the left jaw were
greatly enlarged and matted together. The genital region was
absolutely free from past or present signs of primary lesion, and
there was no other lesion than that in the throat.
Case LX. Chature of iefl tonsil. Miss X. H., a most estimahle
yotmg lady, aged 32, of a good family, was sent to me, October
19, 1S76, on account of a general papular eruption, which covered
the entire surface of the body, head, extremities and even the palms ;
it was attended with much general aching paiu, and with rapid
loss of hair. The following historj- was then obtained : She had
always enjoyed good health imtil on August 5, two months and a
half before her visit, she noticed a soreness on the right side of
the throat, followed shortly by swelling of the glands beneath the
angle of the jaw of that side. I'ive weeks later the rash first
began to appear and increased until the time of her visit.
When first seen, the eruption was a most typical papulo-
pustular syphilide, very extensively distributed and very abun-
dant. On examining the throat, the right tonsil was seen to be
the seat of an ulcer which had produced a considerable flat exca-
vation, the tonsil was felt to be decidedly hard on palpation, and
CHANCRE OF THE TONSIL 69
the whole throat and pharynx was intensely red and congested;
beneath the angle of the jaw on the right side, there was an
enlarged gland of the size of a hazel nut.
The subsequent history of the case is most interesting and dis-
tressing. After her first visit she returned to her home in a
country town, and was under the care of her own physician, who
was apprised of the nature of the disease and advised of the appro-
priate treatment. One month later she returned with a severe
iritis of the left eye, which, in spite of active treatment, left the
eye much damaged b;- adhesions. Specific treatment was carried
out more or less regularly for about two years, without active
manifestations of syphilis, other than occasional mucous patches,
when she was lost sight of for eighteen months. I was then
telegraphed for, to see her in consultation, at her home in the
couoCrj' at some distance, and found her in a most deplorable
state. She was in bed and perfectly helpless from the enormous
amount of ulcerative lesions which covered a considerable portion
of her face, arms, chest, and back, with some on the legs. The
lesions were so acutely inflamed and so extensive that I suspected
other causes than the syphilis, and soon discovered that there was
a combined eruption from bromide and iodide of potassium ; and
this eruption, which healed quite quickly on withdrawing the
drugs and giving arsenic freely, left her so scarred, especially on
the face, producing ectropion of both eyes, that her life is really
blasted thereby.
At this time, and subsequently, I learned that a year before I
saw her last, she had had some strange nervous attacks of partial
paralysis, having difficulty in talking and walking. I also learned
that she had been subject, almost since childhood, to slight epilep-
tiform seizures, which, however, were very infrequent and slight
until the past two years, when, under the influence of the syphilitic
poison, they had increased in frequency and severity. She then
consulted some advertising epileptic doctor, and under the influ-
ence of his medicines, the new eruption had first developed on
the face, apparently as a bromide eruption, at first pustular and
bullous. For this new manifestation of her .syphilis, as it was
supposed, iodide of potassium had been given in largu doses by
her physician, even until the day before I saw her.
The history of the contagion in this case is also interesting.
Some time after my first seeing this patient, the lady, Mrs. Z. P.,
70 SYFH1L2S INSONTIUM
whose case has been reported as No. XVI., came under my care
suffering from syphilis, acquired through a chancre of the lip;
shortly after this date I had also under treatment, the husband of
the last lady, who had been the means of giving the disease both
to her and to the lady whose case is now under consideration; he
subsequently died of kidney- disease, as already mentioned, sup-
posed to be due to his syphilis, which was well defined in him.
On comparing the dates given it was found that he was first
engaged to this lady, at a time when his mouth was full of mucous
patches; when she acquired the chancre of the tonsil the cause
was suspected and the engagement broken off ; he then at once
paid attention to the second lady (Case XVI.), who received the
chancre on the lip, and whom he afterwards married.
Case LXI. Chancre of right tonsil. Mr. X. I., aged 32, had
what was supposed to be tonsillitis of the right side, six weeks
previous to his visit, February 13, 1889. The swelling of
the tonsil had not gone down, and a few weeks afterward a gen-
eral eruption had appeared, covering much of the body.
When he first came for treatment the right tonsil was seen to
be large, projecting half-way into the throat ; the surface of it pre-
sented a superficial ulceration, the edges of which were quite prom-
inent ; the glands on the right side of the ueck were enlarged, with a
smaller amount of adenopathy on the other side. There was a
maculo-papular eruption on the forehead and body, which was fading.
In order to observe the tonsillar lesion more carefully, he was
left two weeks without specific treatment, and he was cautioned
in regard to infection. Ou his second visit, one week after the
first, it was noted that the margin of the ulcer was much more
sharply defined, and that there was very decided hardness to the
touch: he was given a strong chlorate of potassa gargle and the
non-specific treatment continued. One week later he was placed on
anti-syphilitic treatment, under which the tonsil gradually healed,
and the swelling lessened. A ringed syphilide appeared aroimd
the mouth later, with abundant mucous patches.
No clue to the infection could be discovered; he drank beer
rather freely, and thought that he might have smoked from
another man's pipe. He had no lesions on the penis.
Case LXII. Chancie of right tonsil. Mrs. X. j., aged 3J,
married ten years, the mother of four children, three of whom
died of bronchitis or other non-specific diseases, entered the Skin
CHANCRE OF THE TONSIL 71
and Cancer Hospital. February i8, 1890, on account of a diffuse,
large papular syphilide, tending to become pustular on the scalp.
Her history is, that about two months previous she had a very
severe sore throat, as her first symptom of ill-health, which con-
tinued up to the time she entered the Hospital, accompanied with
malaise and aching in the bones: a few weeks after the throat
became sore she noticed "pimples" in the scalp, with very rapid
falling of the hairr soon the eruption appeared on the face and
spread over the body.
On admission both tonsils were found to be greatly enlarged,
almost meeting, and their surfaces seemed about equally raw,
with mucous patches abundant upon the roof of the mouth, and
elsewhere in the buccal cavity : there was much cervical adenop-
athy, and a large, papular syphilide, most abundantly developed
about the central region of the face, also scattered thickly through
the scalp, and less abundant on the neck and body, with few
lesions on the limbs.
As the case was suspected to be one of tonsillar chancre, the
genital region was carefully and deeply examined, without find-
ing any trace of an initial lesion, although mucous patches were
present, which had produced a soreness of the parts, a month or
more after the first development of the trouble in the throat.
Under free mercurial inunctions, and a bi-chloride of mercury
gargle, the throat rapidly improved, the eruption faded, and the
genital mucous patches healed, under applications of calomel,
dusted on; but it was not until March 21, three weeks after
admission, that the tonsils improved so much that a positive
diagnosis of chancre could be made by observation. The left
tonsil had then subsided considerably, but the right one still
stood out prominently, presenting a rather sharply outlined ulcer,
and a very marked hardness to the touch.
No direct knowledge of the method of infection was obtained;
her husband, from her description, probably had syphilis, but was
never seen.
Case LXIII. Chancre of right tonsil. Mrs. X. K. , aged 33, a
lady of refinement, came to my office, October 3, tSga, for the
treatment of an eruption on the palms and soles which rendered
movement difficult and painful; there were many scattered pap-
ules, some of them fissured, and there were discovered also
remains of a papular eruption on the limbs.
7* SyP//!L!S IXSOXTIUM
The diagnosis of syphilis was readily made, and it was learned
that this had been preceded in July by an eruption thought to be
measles; there had been a previous period of malaise, and great
falling of the hair since the eruption.
On searching for the jwint of entr}' of the virus, it was learned
that in June she had been taken with a stinging pain in the right
tonsil, which shortly enlarged, and which she soon noticed to be
verj- hard to the touch, and accompanied shortly with swelling of
the sub-maxillary glands of that side. This was called tonsillitis
by a physician in the countrj', btit she had always questioned the
diagnosis, as the swelling of the tonsil remained until the time of
her visit, some months. While there had been no real ulceration,
she described a superficially raw, well defined surface at the lower
edge, which had healed before her first visit.
When first seen the right tonsil was large and still hard, and
the sub-maxillary and post-auricular glands on that side much
swollen. No cause of infection could be learned, even after
much questioning, and it was supposed that it occurred from a
public drinking cup, as she travelled much in the cars, and drank
often at the water cooler.
Case LXIV. Chancre rf right tonsil. Miss X. L., a most esti-
mable young lady, aged 34, was sent to my office. May 24, i88g,
on account of a verj- general, large, Hat, papular syphilide, which
was becoming scaly.
At the time I did not attempt to make out any history of the
infection, but gave treatment, and cautioned her in regard to the
danger of communicating the disease to others. The eruption
faded rapidly, and her health, which was much depressed by the
disease, improved greatly. A little later I learned that she had
just formed an attachment to a gentleman, some years older than
herself, and she consulted me very seriously in regard to the pro-
priety of marrying, for I found that she felt pretty certain as to
the nature of her complaint. The case was then gone into very
carefully, and I took every opportunity of discovering the mode
of infection. She had certainly never had sexual intercourse,
and examination showed that there was no reason to believe that
a chancre had ever existed in the genital region ; there was,
however, still a mucous patch or two, which had attracted her
attention.
It was then learned that about January i6, she had suddenly
CHANCRE OF THE FINGER 73
noticed a sore throat, soon after kissing, repeatedly, a cousin who
had sore mouth and lips, which she then asserted were certainly
from syphilis ; she had repeatedly assisted him in bathing out the
mouth. The right tonsil soon became enlarged and remained so.
The eruption began to develop on April i.
Case LXV. Chancre of both tjnsils. Mr. X. M. , aged 46, came
to me in consultation March 2, 1892, on account of an eruption
which had appeared two weeks previous, first upon the forehead
and scalp, and soon upon the body and limbs; the eruption was
plainly a macular syphilide.
He had not been exposed sexually for fully ten months, and
he and his physician were at an utter loss to accoiint for the
possible infection; the genital region was free from disease, and
no trace of an extra-genital sore could be di.scovcred on the ex-
posed surfaces, or on the tongue or lips. The consultation being
somewhat hurried he was given very active mercurial treatment
without determining the site or mode of infection, and one week
later there was a remarkable fading of the eruption, and he ex-
pressed himself as feeling 50 per cent, better : the intense malaise
and general rheumatic feelings had quite passed away.
The case was now examined more carefully, and it was learned
that two months previous to his visit he had noticed a stinging sen-
sation, first in the right side of the throat, and thought that he
was about to have another attack of "grippe": the throat had
been quite sore, on both sides, ever since. On exammation both
tonsils were found to be enlarged and superficially ulcerated, the
right one being most affected: both of them presented distinct
hardness to the touch. The glands beneath the jaws on either side
were enlarged, that on the right to the size of an almond: there
was but moderate general adenopathy.
It could never be determined how the infection took place.
Fifteen cases of chancre of the finger are found in the preced-
ing list: of these ten were in physicians, who contracted syphilis
in the discharge of their professional duties; one was in a lady
who acquired the disease while nursing a relative with an ulcerat-
ing lesion : one was in a washerwoman, who was supptised to have
become infected from washing the clothes oE a syphilitic : and three
74 SYPHILIS IKSONTIUM
were in men from unknown causes, although in one of these the
infection on the finger appeared to be venereal in origin.
In nine cases the lesion was on the right hand, and in six on
the left; the right and left index fingers were each affected in
three instances, and the right middle finger in four instances.
Case LXVI. Chancre of left index finger. Dr. X. N., ageda9,a
physician in active practice in a neighboring city, presented him-
self, March 21, 1887, with the following history: Four or five
weeks before his visit he noticed a swelling of the glands in the
left axilla, which enlarged to the size of a pigeon's egg, remaining
so for a couple of wueks, and improving rapidly under the local
use of iodine; he had noticed, for a little time before, a lesion on
the back of the first joint of the left index-finger, which had not
given him much trouble, and had quite healed at the time of his
visit, without specific treatment. On January z6 he had delivered
a syphilitic woman, who had had three abortions, and he remem-
bers having had a crack in the skin in tha location mentioned, the
weather being very cold; the child died about two weeks after
birth, with unmistakable syphilitic symptoms. He had attended
many other confinements, hut knew of no other syphilitic case.
On the subsidence of the glandular swelling in the axilla, on
March i, an eruption developed on the breasts, back and thighs,
accompanied by severe nocturnal headache. At the time of his
visit, the eruption had become very copious and affected much
of the body, with some spots on the face; it consisted of large,
flat, smooth papules, pretty evenly disseminated: he had also
throat trouble.
The site of the chancre of the finger presented a livid discolora-
tion, with vestiges of a minute central slough, covered with an
epidermic pellicle, and when carefully palpated, a distinct, parch-
ment induration could be detected. The subsequent history
presents some interest ; the eruption proved quite severe and
relapses occurred, even under pretty active treatment: he after-
wards suffered from heart trouble, said to be mitral stenosis, by
an eminent anscultator, which greatly improved under more active
anti-syphilitic treatment. His wife and one child, aged six years,
have thus far escaped infection. As the chancre on the linger had
not been recognized or treated, he must have exposed many
others during the period before he came under observation, as he
was in active general practice.
CHANCRE OF THE FINGER 75
Case LXVII. Chann-e of left third finger. Dr. X. O., aged 31,
first noticed a soreness about the base of the nail of the third
finger of the left hand during the latter part of June ; this increased
in severity, until a chancre of some size developed, which remained,
though partially healed at the time of his visit, September 35,
1884; it had been burned quite deeply with nitrate of silver, by a
surgeon before he came under my direction. When first seen,
the entire end of the finger was thickened and red, the nail was
raised from its bed, and the almost healed ulcer presented a
purplish, glazed appearance ; the finger was not painful; he had
had only local treatment, the application of nitrate of silver before
referred to, poulticing, and a carbolic acid lotion, one to forty.
Ten days before his visit a slight eruption had appeared upon
the forehead, which increased until he presented himself. At this
time a characteristic erj'themato- papular syphilide covered much
of the body ; there was also malaise with aching of the limbs, which
lie had considered malarial and treated with quinine; the throat
was congested and had felt sore for several days; there was also
pretty general adenopathy, cervical, cubital, and inguinal. He
had not had much, if any, trouble from glandular swelling in the
axilla, although his finger-sore had been of an ulcerating charac-
ter almost from the first. This patient subsequently had quite
severe iritis.
The cause of the infection was not traced satisfactorily, although
he charged it to a confinement case, which he had had about a
month previous to the appearance of the sore, when a hydro-
cephalic child was delivered, dead-born.
The subsequent history of this case is most interesting, from the
fact that the patient infected his wife, who was also under my treat-
ment, and whose case deserves special mention;we were, however,
never able to trace the mode in which the disease was conveyed to
her. The case is as follows, given mainly in the words of the re-
port of her husband, a very intelligent physician :
Mrs. X. O., aged 30, was first seen March 17, 1885, almost six
months after the first visit of her husband, the last-raentioned
case. She was always rather delicate, suffering from indigestion
and constipation, and occasionally with delayed menstruation ; she
had had malarial symptoms from 1878 to 1S81, About December
I, 1884, full two months after her husband's first visit, she began
to feel poorly, with general malaise, pain in the back and limbs,
76 SYPIi/L/S INSONTIUM
loss of appetite, and some fever. These syinptoms gradually in-
creased until, on Januarj' i, 1S85, she was compelled to take the
bed. She was confined to bed for about three weeks, with what was
diagnosed by several physicians to be a light attack of typhoid
fever; she was constipated during this time. A slight eruption
appeared on the abdomen and chest, which was noticed, and re-
garded as an unusual form of typhoid exanthem. About Februaiy
I, .she began to complain of sore throat, which remained in spite
of ordinary remedies; abotit March i the glands of the neck com-
menced to enlarge.
When first seen the patient had a slight, general, fading erup-
tion, maculo- papular in character, over the upper limbs, and about
the mouth and chin : on the palm of the left hand there remained
one hard, darkish papule: the glands of the neck and elbow were
enlarged, and the throat covered with mucous patches, and very
sore.
No clue could ever be found as to the method by which the
poison was conveyed to her; she had no initial lesion on any ex-
ternal portion of the body, nor in the mouth; nor could any trace
of a primary lesion be found in the genital region or vagina, even
by a well-known gyniECologist, who examined deeply for it. The
case might possibly lend weight to the supposed communication of
the disease by the seminal fluid ; her husband, who had studied the
case carefully, suggested, however, that infection might have
occurred through a pregnancy, as he thought that she might have
had a mi.scarriage very early in conception, but of this they could
not be certain.
Case LXVIII. Chanert of right mid.lU finger. Dr. X. P., aged
33, in active general practice, bruised the knuckle between the
first and second phalanx of the right middle finger, on January 10,
1889. The injury seemed to heal, but acrust formed, which came
olT several times, leaving a raw, unhealthy ulcer, which persisted
until the time of his visit, March 14, i88ij. A week after the in-
jury he had a sharp attack of lymphangitis of that arm, and swell-
ing and pain in the axilla: lhe.se passed off under local treatment,
and the ulcer remained very quiescent thereafter, but refused to
heal,
office there was an indolent ulcer occu-
gcr, and about half an inch in lung di-
<iuite sharply defined, but there was not
When
he came
to
py
ing the
width of
thi
ameler.
The edge
s w
CHANCRE OF THE FINGER 77
the slightest suggestion of hardness; the sore was but little ele-
vated, and had a grey, pultaceous base; there was no cubital
adenopathy, but some axillarj- swelling remained. He was some-
what run down, but presented no marked malaise, there was no
eruption, no mucous patches, no adenopathy, nor anything to in-
dicate constitutional infection.
From the situation it was thought that the ulcer might have
been kept open only by the movements of the finger ; accordingly,
the sore was protected by cotton, the finger splinted, and the diag-
nosis given that the sore was probably not the initial lesion of
syphilis.
From letters received later, however, it was learned that very
shortly after his visit full constitutional symptoms appeared, and
the sore yielded rapidly to specific treatment; he has, moreover,
suffered most severely from later manifestations, which have
greatly undermined his healtli.
No possible cause for the infection was discovered.
Case LXIX. Chancre of left middle fngtr. Dr. X. Q. , aged 37,
first noticed a sore point on the end of the middle finger of the left
hand, in July or August. 1884, and .some remains of the sore were
still visible when seen, .sixteen montlia later, December 12, 1885.
The lesion had been hard and wart-like, and had never ulcerated
much; it had been burned several times with Paquelin's Caiiterj',
and he had taken mercury off and on to meet syphilitic symptoms,
which appeared four months after the sore developed on the finger.
When seen, there were the remains of a tubercular syphilide on
the forehead; the eruption, and al.so tJie remains of the finger
chancre yielded rapidly to mixed treatment aided by mercurial
plaster to the finger.
No special mode of infection could be made out; he was en-
gaged in general practice and obstetrics.
Case LXX. Chancre of right index finger. iJr. X. R., aged 37,
scratched the back of the last phalanx of the right forefinger, in
an operation on a patient with active syphilis, and for two months
the spot remained sore but did not present any clear signs indica-
tive of a chancre; there were few, if any, glandular enlargements
of that arm. While the finger was sore he had headache and
malaise, which were relieved by mercurj', and about two months
later he had a macular eruption with sore throat and tongue. He
took mercurials irregularly, always with great relief to all symp-
78 SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
toms. and had continued to take the same off and on tip to the
time of his visit, November -n, i8go; he stated that he missed
them when long omitted.
From the time of his infection he had had more or less symp-
toms of syphilis for four years, and when seen there were very
characteristic groups of tubercular eruption over the left ej-ebrow,
on the left fore arm and on the prepuce, all of which yielded
rapidly to mixed treatment; there was also periosteal tenderness
of the right tibia.
Case LXXI. Chancre of Uft third finger. Dr. X. S., aged 40,
performed an operation for phymosis, and also one for dead bone,
on August 4, 1S81 ; the latter patient had constitutional syphilis,
there is no record in regard to the former. A few days after the
operation he experienced septic symptoms, followed by abscesses
in the axilla and elbow, some of which aborted ajid others were
opened, about ten days after the operation. Three weeks after
the operation, or five weeks before his iirst \'isit, September 30,
1881, he first noticed a sore on the end of the index finger of the
left hand, on the ulnar side; at first it was flat and secreted a
serous fiuid. On the radial side of the ring finger he noticed
another sore, on a level with the skin, which healed over, but had
again opened, and bled easily at the time of the visit. There had
been only local treatment, with cauterization and iodoform.
When first seen there were sores on the two fingers mentioned,
the index and third fingers of the left hand. That on the end of
the index finger, near the free extremity of the nail, presented a
fungus-like appearance, suggestive of dead bone beneath ; the
mass was of oval shape, one-third by one-half inch in diameter, of
a livid red color, and slightly ulcerating: it was not painful, and
no induration could be perceived.
The sore on the third fmger presented quite a different appear^
ance; it was on the radial aspect, near the root of the nail, half
an inch in diameter, circular, almost on a level with the skin,
raw, and bleeding easily. There was no eruption on the body,
and little, if any, glandular enlargement could be detected. He
was placed upon mixed treatment, and in ten days the sores
showed a most remarkable improvement; the fungus-like charac-
ter of the ulcer on the index finger had almost disappeared, and
that on the ring finger had nearly healed over, leaving a glazed
surface. Some swelling of the. glands was noted. Two weeks
CHANCRE OF THE FINGER 79
later a fine, maculo-papular eruption appeared, which increased
till it became very general, and mucous patches appeared, which
were afterwards, at times, troublesome.
Case LXXII. Chancre of rig /it thumb. Dr. X. T., aged 40,
acquired a chancre beneath the nail of the right thumb, with
enlargement of the cubital and axillary glands. Secondary symp-
toms followed at once, upon the skin and mucous membranes,
and remained off and on until seen July 19, iSSs, a year and a
half after the chancre.
At this time the head, arms, and nearly the entire surface of
the body was the seat of a late papular syphilids, rather promi-
nent, with mucous patches in the mouth. On the left index
finger, on its dorsa! aspect, just below the root of the nail, there
was a sore which was very suggestive of a chancre, but which
proved to be but an ulcerated papule or group of papules, possi-
bly the seat of further septic infection ; it had existed three weeks,
and when first seen extended across the width of the fmger, and
was perhaps one-third of an inch wide ; the mass seemed infiltrated
and wa.s raw and sloughy, with no excavation nor raised edges.
The general eruption yielded promptly to mixed treatment, but
the sore on the finger resisted, showing, as remarked, signs of
probable further septic infection, possibly with chancroidal
vims.
Case LXXIII. Ckancrf of right middle finger. Dr. X. U., aged
42, consulted me on April i8, iHgo, on account of a very gen-
eral, maculo-papular eruption, tenderness over the sternum, and
general adenopathy, which had existed for five or six weeks.
Recognizing the syphilitic nature of the eruption he was closely
questioned in regard to infection, of which he was entirely uncon-
scious; he had certainly had no venereal exposure.
After some search there was found on the radial side of the
right middle finger, by the side of the nail, a hard, red, shiny
patch, which had been more or less sore, but which had not given
much annoyance, and had not been specially treated, except by
protective coverings. It was then found that there had been
axillary adenopathy on that side, and since that had appeared he
had felt weak and run down, but had not suspected the real nature
of his complaint ; he had paid little attention to his trouble until
the eruption had extended to the face and hands, and caused him to
seek relief; he must, therefore, have exposed many in his practice.
8o SYPHILIS LVSONTIUM
The infection was traced directly to a lady of wealth and posi-
tion, whom he had confined January 24, of a baby which died
syphilitic on April 9. The lady was seen by me in consultation.
May 14, with a jirofuse general eruption, affecting also the palms,
very great alopecia, and other signs of verj' active syphilis.
Case LXXIV. Chancre of right index finger. Dr. X. V., aged
43, first noticed a small papule, which he thought to be an insect
bite, on the inner side of the right index finger, opposite the first
phalangeal joint, about the first of August, three or four weeks
before his first visit, on August 25, 1889; this spot inflamed, and
ten days later it broke, as a pustule, leaving a raw surface, which
had remained sore to the date of observation.
When first seen there was a round, sharply defined, slightly
elevated, red patch, with a thin, epidermal covering, presenting
some liardnesson palpation: there was no adenopathy i)f that arm.
He had seen several physicians who were doubtful as to the diag-
nosis, and advised abstaining from specific treatment until the ap-
pearance of constitutional symptoms; this advice was followed,
although the sore was dusted with calomel.
He was next seen nearly eiyht months later, when it was
learned that the sore had become more indurated, and had per-
sisted two months or more, resembling a Himterian chancre; he
had had recurrent iritis, and, when seen, had the mouth ver>- sore
from mucous patches, which had existed three weeks.
The source of infection could not be traced; he had, however,
had several confinement cases just before the first appearance of
the sore upon the finger, and the husband of one of the women
had symptoms suggestive of syphilis.
Ca>:1-; LXXV. Chancre of right index finger. Dr. X. W. , aged
44, noticed a small pimple on the radial side of the root of the right
index finger, at lis junL-tion with the hand, four weeks before his
visit. May 27, 189J. This crusted over and refused to heal, increas-
ing in size, and on May 30, one week before his vi-sit, he noticed a
macular eruption on the arms: this increased rapidly, so that when
seen the body, legs, and arras were thickly covered, and there was
one small papule in the right palm. There had been no sore
throat, no general pains, and no general adenopathy.
The initial lesion was not over half an inch in diameter, red,
indolent, with a small scabbed point in the centre: it presented a
distinct hardness on palpation. The diagnosis was confirmed by
CHANCRE OF THE FINQER St
several other medical men acquainted with the subject in this
city.
No particular source of infection was learned, but as he was
much in obstetric practice, and this ponion of the hand would be
apt to rest against the soft parts, in dig^ital examination, it was
undoubtedly from this source.
We have now two cases of chancre of the finger in females, one
of whom appeared to have acquired the primary sore in caring for
a relative with a syphilitic eruption, the olher in washing the
clothes of a young man who had syphilis.
Case LXXVI, Chancre of right third finger. Mrs. X. X., an
inlelligenl lady, aged 64, came under treatment September 16,
1887, on account of a tubercular syphilide of the centre of the face
and right lip, of five years duration : the eruption had aways been
considered as lupus, and she had been under the care of several
physicians in a neighboring city, and had been treated mainly by
cauterization and by arsenic. The lesions were verj- characteristic
of syphilis, and the eruption yielded to specific treatment with re-
markable rapidity.
Upon very careful investigation into the history of the case it
was discovered that twenty years before she had had a sore on the
third finger of the right hand, which gave a perfect history of
chancre ; its healing was followed by constitutional S)-mptoms,
debility, bone aching, general eruption, etc. She had been taking
all the care of a relative, who had an ulcerative disease about the
eye, changing the dressings, etc., fur six or seven months, durin;,''
which period the finger became sore at the root of the nail, whereby
the latter was lost; the site of the former sore was marked by a
depressed cicatrix, with no attempt at nail formation.
Case LXXVII. Chancre of kft index finger. Mrs. X. Y., aged
38, was engaged in washing the clothes of a young man, said in
have syphilis, in November, iSyo, four months previous to her
visit, March 2;, 1891. Without any appreciable cause, the left
index finger, on the radial side of the edge of the nail, began to bu
affected soon after she began the washing, and continued to boson
for fully two months; the surface became raw anil painful, wiili
exuberant granulations, into which a doctor cut down, withoir.
getting anything but blood. At this time she had swelling of tin.
glands Bt the elbow and axilla, and much general malaise. The
82 SYPIIILIS INSONTIUM
first eruption she had noticed on the body was that for the relief of
which she came, which had appeared about a month or so previous
to her visit.
When first seen the finger had about healed, leaving a red,
depressed scar, a third of an inch or so in diameter, near the root
of the nail. On the body and limbs were the remains of a pustular
eruption, unmistakably syphilitic, and brown stains left by pre-
ceding lesions.
The next three patients, males, presented most marked and
perfect chancres of the finger, one of which, at least, was probably
of venereal origin; the cases were seen very early in their course,
and water-color drawings made, and they were watched for a con-
siderable period thereafter.
Case LXXVIII. Chancre of right middle finger. Mr. X. Z., aged
24, gives very little history in regard to the first development
of the sore on the finger, which had existed some weeks when
he first presented himself for treatment, October 4. 1889 ; it
had begun, apparently, as a hang-nail, on the ulnar-side of the
middle finger of the right hand, and had become more and more
inflamed until the time of his visit.
When first seen, tJie end of the finger was greatly inflamed
and very sore, with an ulcerating surface around the entire base
and sides uf the nail, which was itselt discolored and loosened;
on the ulnar side there was an extension of the ulceration to the
side of the finger. The cubital glands were not enlarged, but
those in the right axilla were miich swollen. There was just
developing a large papular syphilide, which was remarked to be
much more abundant on the right hand and. arm than elsewhere;
he subsequently had mucous patches and other signs of constitu-
tional syphilis.
Nothing definite was discovered as to the source of infection;
he was employed in a large dry goods house, where he used the
same towel with many others, but he did not deny, also, mingling
with women of loose character, and it was thought that the finger
was possibly inoculated during sexual intercourse.
Case LXXIX. Chancre of lejt index finger. Mr. W. A., agedaj,
came to the New York Hospital for the treatment of gonorrhcea,
August 19, iSgi, and in my absence was placed under treatment
hv my assistant.
CHANCRE OF THE FINGER 83
The following week, while examining the state of the discharge,
I observed some flat papular lesions on the glans penis, which led
me to examine further ; the entire body and limbs were then found
to be the seat of a maculo-papular syphilitic, which had become
scaly in some places on the legs, and pustular in the scalp, with
very general adenopathy. The man had not known of the
eruption until his attention was directed to it.
Search was made for the primary lesion, but the genital region
was found to be free from such, nor was there any evidence of a
chancre about the mouth or throat. It was then noticed that the
left index finger was bound up, the man explaining that he had
injured it, and it was being treated with salve by a druggist.
On examination an ulcerating surface was seen involving all
the tip of the finger, and extending ijeneath the nail, which wag
long and protruding: the surface was raw, moist, and shiny, but
no hardness could be made out. There was ver>' great adenopathy
at the left elbow and some in the axilla, none in corresponding
locations on the right side.
There wa^ no explanation found for the infection; he had been
fishing six weeks previously, and it was sore since that date. The
nicer yielded promptly to \*igorons mercurial ireatment-
Case LXXX. Chancre right middle finger. II r. W B, , aged
16, injured the skin at the root of the nail of the right middle
finger, seven weeks before bis visit, by bruising it again&t a box.
The abrasion failed to heal, and won began to ulcerate, and con-
tinued sore until his visit: he had kept it poulticed much 'A the
time.
When first seen, November 11, 1883. the end of the finger was
greatlj sweeten, and the root of the nail wa.« involve in a tar;;e
nk:eT exteodm^jvell oa to the base, rather more <m the ulnar side,
covering an area of c»vcr half a square inch ; the tissues were soft
and movable, aad 00 iadoration ci>nid be made out There wax a
large, painless glaod. just ia^vj-k the right axilla, the kize 'A an
ahDorad, and a smaller swelling in the !eft axilla: tnguina: adcn-
opatfajr also existed. The ent:re body was c/vered With a mat-.il'/-
r en^KJOD, developed in »>me places in Vj iarge, fiat pallet :
■ also were thickly cjvered. There had b«*n no rhea-
ins or cove throat. The chancre on the £nger prr/ved
Saaat to treatment, and gave a great deal of pain n :ta
(NBie; it did not heal for nearly three sf/niht. a!ibc«;ip
84 SYPHILIS I.VSOiVTIUM
he was faithful in attendance, and active anti-syphilitic measures
were employed, in addition to local treatment. The constitutional
symptoms were pretty severe and prolonged, biit finally all ceased,
and when seen lately, over seven years after infection, he was in
perfect health; be had had no treatment for several years.
CHANCRE OF THE BREAST.
Seven cases of chancre of the breast are here recorded: five of
these occurred in nursing mothers, three of whom infected their
own nursing children: one case occurred in a very excellent
woman, in private practice, who was not nursing, and who prob-
ably acquired the chancre from her husband's mouth ; they resided
in a distant city, and he was never seen: the other case was in a
young woman, on the skin of the breast, away from the nipple,
probably from kissing.
Case LXXXI. Chancre of the breast. Mrs. W. C, aged 26, pre-
sented herself, December iS, 1876, at the Demilt Dispensary, with
well-marked chancre of the breast, which was acquired two or
three months previous to her visit, by nursing a strange child who
had sores about the mouth. Her own child, eight months old,
was also brought at the same time to the clinic, with an abundant
macular eruption, similar to that seen in acquired syphilis in older
persons. The records are imperfect in regard to this case, and no
statement is made as to where her child received the infection, it
being only recorded that the child was born healthy, and that the
eruption was of very recent develnpment.
Case LXXXII. Cktincre ef the nipple. Mrs. W. D., aged 37,
had been bringing her child to the Dispensary at intervals for over
a year, for impetiginous eczema, from the time when he was seven
months old; she then presented herself, on February 11, 1877,
with a well-marked chancre of the nipple. She remained under
observation but a short time after this, aud notes of the case have
not been preserved.
Case LXXXIII. Chancre of l.Jt uippU. Mrs. W. E., aged 29,
a married lady, who had never had any children, was sent to my
office on December 6, 1S80, on account of a very general eruption
of a large, scaly, papular s^-philoderm, which was especially
profuse and distressing on the face. The eruption had existed
fuily three months, and had been preceded by great malaise
CNA^TKE OF THE BREAST 85
and a very bad sore throat, she stating that she came very near
having diphtheria.
In seeking to establish the mode of entrance of the poison, it
was learned that she had first experienced a soreness of the left
breast about five months previously, and shortly after this a lump
was noticed under the left arm ; this had been treated by poultices
and the eruption soon followed. The breast lesion was very small
at first, and discharged a little, but it gradually increased until it
was an inch in diameter and involved all the nipple, the entire
breast also becoming much swollen: the axillary adenopathy sub-
sided without suppurating. She had had some specific treatment,
as the nature of the disease had been suspected by her
physicians.
When first seen there was an ulcer, about three-quarters of an
inch in width, occupying the site of the left nipple, with sharply-
defined edges, and a red, raw-meat looking surface, giving off a
sticky secretion. Under active treatment much of the eruption,
which was rather a peculiar one, with thick, succulent lesions,
disappeared within a few weeks; the chancre also began to im-
prove rapidly, and by December j8 was almost entirely healed,
when she left for her home in another State: at that time some
distinct hardness could be felt in the chancre, but previously this
was hardly recognizable. She was seen on later occasions and
exhibited palmar and plantar syphilides, throat lesions, etc.
It was never discovered exactly how the breast became infected,
but it was supposed to be from her husband: he was never seen,
as he was much occupied with his bu.siness in a distant city.
Case LXXXIV. Chanere of the nipple. Mrs. W. F., aged 30,
presented herself for the treatment of cutaneous gummata on
various portions of the body. Some time previously she had taken
a strange child to nurse, from an asylum; three or four weeks
later an indurated sore had developed on the nipple, which was
followed shortly by symptoms of constitutional syphilis, which
were more or less contnuious until she applied for treatment.
Case LXXXV. Cham re of left nipple. Mr.s. W. G., aged 3a, a
verj' intelligent patient, was obliged by the sudden death of her
husband to take a strange child to nurse, when her own was but
a few months old. Fearing contamination she very carefully kept
the strange child on the left breast, while she sedulously gave the
other alone to her own child. Within some weeks the foundling
9$ SYPBIUS IXSOSTIUH
Sua, witli Fnllf developed bereditarT ^^dtilis. and the mother then
2a7e he/Ok brea-its to ber owit child.
A short time afterward, the breast which had nourished the
irranjTc child hccame sore on the nipple, and the ulcer resisted
•rwtmeii! fr>f a long time, so that alter a while her own child
Geaaed to nurse from it, and was kept on the other breast alone.
Some weeks later she became affected with general symptoms.
and when she applied for treatment. September ii. 1S78, she had
a wdl-marVed papulo- tubercular syphilids
Her chiid also developed the disease before long, and had vari-
«a» \k<vx\% em the skin, and subsequently suffered much from
bOoe-^philU, which produced considerable deformity in the tibiee
md nlojc.
The child has been seen repeatedly, at various times, up to
th« aji;e '>f ihinccn years, though quite irregularly, and the mother
ha« h'/m lime to time come for treatment of late gummy lesions.
C*»# LXXXVI. Chamre of the ,iittie- Mrs. W. H.. aged 35.
had fi'jticed a w>re <m the nipple for some time previous to her
fifrt viwt, October 13. 1876, but could give no definite historj' as
t/» il»'.n(£in. It was recorded as a typical hard chancre of the
nipj)'.e, but the notes of the case are scanty. Her child, a girl
ajft* 1 thirteen months, was brought with syphilis, with the history
thai II wa* Vwjrn healthy and had acquired the disea.se since its
mother tfCtamc affected, but no further record was made as
t'« the exiNlence of any buccal chancre on the child: we know,
h'lWevtr. thill in nursing children these are often ver)- slight, and
frc'inenlly otcaiie recofjnition.
Cas», I.XXXVH. Chancre on side •>/ f-reast. Mrs. W. I., an
attrcHH, ajifd «, came lo the New York Hospital, for treatment,
Au(;uHt 14. tiMjt.
On the skin of the left breast, fully an inch from the areola,
there was a sharply tut. round ulcer, about three-quarters of an
inch in diameter, with a rerldi^h base, giving off a smalt amount of
glairy secretion. When firsi seen it did not seem hard, but a week
later this feature was well marked.
.She had a pretty general, diffused, small scaly syphilide. with
mucous iiiitt-hi's about ihc vnlva and anus; mucous patches also
in the throat Slic attributed the ulcer on the breast to kissing.
Casi. LXXXVII. {/;s). Yut another case of chancre of the
breast should ht- ;uldud to thi.s list. Mrs. O. C, aged about 19
CHANCRE OF THE TONGUE 8?
years, seen once in consultation, had a chancre of the left breast,
just above and to the left of the nipple. The sore had lasted a
couple of weeks, presented some hardness, had a red, eroded sur-
face giving off a glairj- secretion, and already there was some
axillary adenopathy of that side. No notes of the case were taken,
and nothing could be learned of the source of contagion.
CHANCRE OF THE TONGUE.
Six cases of chancre of the tongue were met with, all of con-
siderable interest. There were three in males and three in
females; in three instances the sore was on the left side of the
tongue, in one on the right side, in one the side was not recorded,
and in one it was on the back of the tongue.
Case LXXXVIII. Chancre of back of tongue. Miss W. J., aged
3», an estimable young lady, was referred to me, July 14, 1893,
on account of an unusual papulo-pustulareruption, confined almost
wholly to the arms and legs, with a ver)' few lesions on the face.
From its many peciiliarities, and the absence of concomitant
symptoms, it was not regarded as syphilitic, but as a peculiar
folliculitis, possibly caused or increased by the iodide of potas-
sium which she had been taking from a former physician on the
belief that it was syphilitic. Sbe was put upon pretty active non-
specific treatment for four weeks, without producing much im-
provement in the eruption ; she was then given mercury and
chalk, every two hours, with the effect of almost instant improve-
ment, and in two weeks the lesions had largely disappeared leav-
ing only brownish stains.
On close investigation it was found that in February, six months
before her visit, she experienced pain on swallowing, which
increased greatly, confining her to the house for three weeks ; she
then was treated by a competent iaryngologist, who said that
there was a curious ulcerated patch on the root of the tongiie, just to
the right of the median line, different from anything he had before
seen in that location. This sore lasted for a month more, finally
yielding to active local medication, and some mild mercurial
treatment, with iodide of potassium; the glands on both sides of
the neck were swollen, and remained enlarged at the time of her
visit to me, and thereafter. A month after beginning the
throat treatment, and seven weeks after first noticing the sore, the
3S SYPHILIS IXSONTIUM
papiilo-pustular eruption appeared ; there had been great malaise
which was supposed to be from the diphtheria, which her trouble
was thonfjht to be.
No chiG could be obtained as to the probable source of infec-
tion : slie was engaged to be married, but for certain reasons her
fiance could not be interviewed.
Ca^e LXXXIX. C/ianere left tip of tongue. Miss W. K., an
intelligent and modest girl, aged 25, a sales-lady in a dry-goods
store, applied at the New York Hospital, on October 31, 18S8,
for the treatment of a sore tongue, which she naturally feared to
be cancer.
The historj- was, that about six weeks previously she had first
noticed a small ulceration on the left side of the tongue, followed
a few weeks later by swelling of the glands beneath the jaw on
that side. The soreness increased continually up to the time of
her visit, when it gave her very considerable pain in eating and
drinking, and even in talking there was much discomfort.
When first seen, there was a small induration on the left side
of the tip of the tongue, with a fissure through its centre. Two
weeks later, when a water-color drawing was made, the lump had
increased materially in sikc, the entire left half of the tongue was
much reddened, and a star-shaped fissure was seen, nearly half an
inch across, of a deep red, with whitish edges; the mass in the
tongue was of a very decided hardness and the size of a hazel-nut.
The under surface of the tongue, on the left side, was covered with
mucous patches, which also existed in the throat and on the lips.
The sub-maxillary glands on tliat --iidc were greatly enlarged, but
there was no general adenopathy, and as yet, no eruption. Later
the post-auricular and other glands enlarged, and a ringed maculo-
papular eruption appeared around the month. Under active treat-
ment the sore began to improve, and the mucous patches disap-
peared, but it was not until about two months that the ulcer had
healed, and the hardness remained for some considerable time
longer.
After repeated questioning of her alone, I could not discover
that she had been in anj- way exposed to syphilis ; she lived quietly
at home, and had no intimate male acr]uaintances. I was led,
therefore, to accept the probability that the poison was conveyed
by the means oipins, which injured and inoculated the tongue, as
she was in the habit of placing them in that side of the mouth
CHANCRE OF TUB TONGUE 89
regardless of where she had obtained them ; she herself remarked
that she must have been poisoned in this manner, as she was con-
scious of having thus wounded the tongue.
Case XC. Chancre hft tip of tongue. Miss W. L., an in-
telligent girl, aged j6, of good appearance, applied on December
ao, 1878, for the treatment of a ringed pa pulo- erythematous syph-
ilide about the mouth, with a few patches of slightly scaly syph-
ilitic eruption elsewhere, which had existed for two weeks i she
complained of the throat, and on examination mucous patches were
found on the palate and tonsils.
On the left side of the tip of the tongue was found an ulcerating
fiore, which, on questioning, was found to have existed some little
time, and to have been the first lesion to attract attention. This
ulcer was somewhere about half an inch in diameter, a little
raised, sharply defined and very hard : the anterior cervical glands
were much enlarged. She denied utterly having ever had sexual
intercourse, and the contagion was traced, in all probability, to a
female friend with syphilis also attending the clinic, with whom
she had had much to do, using the same utensils, etc.
Case XCI. Chancre of left side of tongue. Mr. W. M., a
married gentleman, aged 41, was brought to me in consultation
October 6, 1888, on account of a sore tongue, which had refused
to heal under ordinary local measures.
On examination, there was a small, round mass, hardly one-
half of an inch in diameter, on the left side of the tongue, near the
tip, which was sharply defined, decidedly red, shiny, and presented
a marked, though not very great, hardness; the glands under the
left side of the jaw were swollen. There was no other sore any-
where, neither on the penis, nor on any other portion of the body.
The patient and his physician thought that he had no eruption,
but, on stripping, the body was almost entirely covered with a
distinct macular syphilide, which must have been of very recent
appearance. I learned from his physiciaai that he subsequently
had many other manifestations of the syphilitic poison, and had
not cjuite recovered when he passed from his care.
The exact source of the inuculation could not be learned. He
had broken a bit from the front lower tooth five weeks previously,
and the sharp edge had irritated his tongue: he then went to a
strange dentist, of not very good practice, and had the tooth filled,
and soon after that the sore had developed more prominently.
^ SYfBlLIS ISSOKTTUM
But he was also a great Gmolcer. and be had £ke«iae dnalc, ^m)c«
or lest, in taBtiuj^ beer in his bretrerT, from Tie fisne ji^ vbkii
bis l»reweT had lasted, the latter having had sj^^AiDifi, wiA sore
tiiroat. nt/t vtrj- long before.
C*st XCII- CAaiurr p/ liJe if tengne. Mr. W- X., ahffirilayer,
«^;ed 43, pretenied himself Februaiy 7, 18^5, irith a mamtar srpb-
ilide and mucous patchet^ At the &rst vist, so trace of ti>e mode
of entrance of ibe ^xAf^ja was found, possiblj from lie haste of the
examinaticm, but it is receded ihat the penis was normal
One week laier, on cartful examination, a healing chancre was
found on the «>ide of the I'jngue. with a very distinct hardness at
itB Ijase. No t!u« was obtained as to the mode of infectioo ; the
patient had been drinkinj; heaviJy bome lime l>efore ils oocnrrence.
C A sf. XC n I . Chamre nxht ude rftangue. Mr. W. O., a gentleman
of intelligence and ]X)*.itiwn, aged 60 years, came to me September
II, \W\, on atcounl'jf a WTre-in the tongne, which he feared to be
% canter. The history »a». that he had first noticed a little point
of Boreness ten weekii before his ^ioi:. which had gradnally increased
in sixe. in spile fi ireaimeut at the hands of another physician,
who apparently had no\ reu'^iijed its character, until, latterly, it
bad come to ;;ive him considerable annoyance, so that he was con-
sa'ouK of itH preM.-nce at all times.
On examination there was fuund on the right side of the tongue,
About an ini.h Jrom iti tip, a har<!, inflamed mass, nearly half an
inch in diamcier, the i^enire uiceraiiny, and the edges somewhat
everted, and preNeniing a liilte hardness when pinched; it was not
painful except when irritaUng f'UHj or drink touched it. The two
upper moiarn un thai hide were found to have sharp and rough
edges, and he had been wearing a red rubber plate until recently.
There was a small, enlarged and piiinful gland beneath the jaw on
that side.
Thinking that the lesiun miglit possibly be due to irritating
local causes, he was given a sonthing muuth-wahh and an alkali
internally. Five days Inter there was a marked improvement in
the sore, he had had the roughened teeth smoothed off by his
dentist, and had left oirl his set ot iiriificiul teeth. The ulcer then
had a less angry look, but its I'llge jirescnted a hardness sugges-
tive of parchment, was more clearly defined, and the surface less
ulcerated; the glands bentiiLli the juw were more swollen and
hard.
CHANCRE OF THE CHEEK 9I
The diagnosis of chancre of the tongue was then recorded, and
the patient placed upon active anti-syphihtic treatment. Three
days later it was noted that the ulcer on the tongue had improved,
had diminished in size, and that the glands beneath the jaw were
smaller and more distinct. He then called my attention to cer-
tain large, flat, red points on the palms, and these were found to be
part of a general, maculo-papular eruption which had just appeared,
and which covered much of the body; it was learned that he had
had considerable malaise during the preceding month. The
chancre healed rapidly and steadily under the specific treatment,
with no local measures, and six weeks later it was recorded that
there was only a scar, with very slight hardness at its base, and
no swelling beneath the jaw.
In searching for the mode by which the syphilitic poison gained
entrance, it was learned that during the month or so previous to
the appearance ot the sore, he had been, through the persuasion
of a friend, under the care of a dentist of the cheaper, advertis-
ing order, who, he had noticed, was not at all cleanly in his person
or instruments. He could not locate the date of injury of the
tongue by the dental instruments, but work was done in that
locality, and he remembered the instrument occasionally slipping,
but did not recall having had the tongue injured. He was a
married man. with a family, and had certainlj- not been exposed in
sexual intercourse, nor in any other manner of which he was con-
scious; he was very intelligent and greatly interested in learning
how he had acquired the disease. The probability is therefore
very strong that the poison was conveyed on the dental instru-
ment from some preceding patient who had active syphilitic lesions
in the mouth.'
Five cases of chancre iii this locality, two of which are of very-
great interest, are recorded here; all of the cases were in males,
and in all but one of the cases the virus probably found entrance
through razor wounds, as also in the cases on the chin. In three
instances the sore was on the left cheek and in two on the right.
Case XCIV. Chancre of left eheek. Mr. W. P., aged js, a
plumber, applied at the New York Skin and Cancer Hospital,
9' SYPBILIS issoyriuM
JanuaTy lo, 1893, for the treatment of a flat papular syphilide,
very generally diffused over the face, body, and extremities.
Three months previously be had had what he called ■"apimple"
on the left cheek, near the comer of the eye, just below the malar
prominence ; this he had squeezed, and it refused to heal. It
gradually became targe and hard, and very shortly a swelling
appeared beneath the ramus of the left jaw.
On examination the entire surface was pretty thickly covered
with a large, flat, syphiloderra, already becoming somewhat scaly,
with some general adenopathy. On the left cheek near the malar
prominence was a dull red mass, somewhat oval, nearly an inch
in \X^ longest diameter, with the surface glazed, and presenting
some hardness on palpation ; beneath the left jaw the glands were
fused into a large hard mass. He was most carefully examined,
from head tu foot, and no other evidence of a primary lesion was
found than the one described. The genital region was absolutely
free.
Xo clue could be obtained as to the probable source of infection.
Cask XCV, Chancre of left theek. Mr. W. Q., a druggist, aged
33, unmarried, came, on March 10, 1882, for consultation in regard
to a general eruption of a papulo-squamous character, covering
ahnijst the entire body and extremities. Although he had been
exposed he had never contracted any venereal disease, and at the
time there was no trace of a chancre upon the penis, nor had there
been any. Hut upon the left cheek there existed a sore which at
once attracted attention and proved to be a chancre, with the fol-
lowing history:
lie had always been shaved at a barber's shop by different
pcrsiiiis, using the public brushes and cups indiscriminately.
Abovn twu-iiud-a-half or three months before his visit, his cheek
had been ait by a new barber, who, he noticed, was uncleanly in
his habits, and who shortly left the employ. A pimple soon
funned on the site of the injury, which was again cut from time
to liitic by the razor, and the place covered with court -plaster; the
sore cnlargeU, and the cru.st was allowed to remain upon it.
About two weeks later, the spot had fully developed into an
ulcer, he had a chill, followed by pains in the bones, for which
he look quinine; he also noticed a lump under the left jaw shortly
after the dcvulupmcut of the ulcer, and a little later the gener^
eruption appeared with which he presented himself.
CHANCRE OF THE CHEEK 93
When first seen there was on the left cheek, not far from the
angle of the mouth, and about an inch from the angle of the jaw,
an ulcerated mass about three-quarters of an inch in diameter,
circular and slightly raised, and with a raw, succulent surface, in
which many hairs stiJl stood, partly covered with a crust; the
h-mphatic glands under the left jaw were as large as small
almonds, and there were also some smaller ohes in front of the
neck. The entire body, scalp and limbs, were covered with a
brownish, papiilo- squamous eruption, of very characteristic ap-
pearance. The throat was also very sore, especially the right
side, from abundant mucous patches.
The subsequent course of the disease was very distressing.
The patient was obliged to conduct his drug store, with little or
no aid at times, and the treatment was often interrupted and
imperfectly carried out. Owing to his constant standing, he early
had ectbymatous ulcerations on the lower extremities; he had much
trouble with the eyes, choroiditis, quite incapacitating him at times.
He also had several very strange nervous attacks; at one time on
leaving my office he became lost, how, he never remembered.
and was carried out of town and found himself in New Jersey ; at
a later period he exhibited perfect locomotor ataxia, which was
removed by active treatment; and for a period of over two years,
while under observation, he had as severe symptoms as are often
seen, rendering him almost helpless on several occasions, although
his sj-mptoms would often yield fairly to well-directed and active
treatmeiU. The glands beneath the jaw were noted as still
swollen, and the mark of the chancre still present on the left
cheek six months after the first visit, or nearly nine months after
the date of its first appearance.
Case XCVI. Chancre beneath left jaw. Mr. W. R,. aged 3,-!.
married and the father of two healthy children, was sent to viw
office, January 21, 1893, for the treatment of a very gener:ii
maculo- papular syphiJide, which had made its appearance about tw<
weeks previously; the eruption was unmistakable and involved tin
face, trunk, and extremities, the palms and soles having also han!
papules on them. The throat had been ,sore for over a month, ami
he had considerable malaise, with much nocturnal headache.
Although he admitted having been exposed in connection, Iv.
had never had any sore, nor was there any trace of an initi.i:
lesion on the penis, in the urethra, nor in the genital region.
94 SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
A considerable enlargement of the glands beneath the left
jaW, of which he complained, drew attention to that region, and on
investigation it was learned that he had had a sore just under the
left jaw, half way between the angle of the ramus and the centre
line of the chin. This had begun about two months previously, as
a small pimple which he had lanced and squeezed, but which did not
heal for a long time, it remaining hard and sore. There was still
the remains o£ a circular red lesion, about half to three- quarters of
an inch in diameter.
In regard to the mode of infection, it was learned that, he had
been shaved on November 24, and had grown a beard since then.
He was in the habit of playing on various violins, at his teacher's,
and the sore was exactly where the violin rested beneath the jaw;
but no clue could be obtained as to the exact source of the virus.
Cask XCVII. Chancre of right cheek. Mr. W. S., aged 40. a
wine merchant, was sent to my clinic from another Hospital, Sep-
tember 36, 1883, with the diagnosis of sycosis parasitica on his
card, and with the note that he had been applying corrosive sub-
limate and sulphide of zinc ointments, without benefit.
He then had a sore patch on the right cheek, the lower edge of
it just above the edge of the jaw, nearly an inch in diameter, and
almost circular. It was elevated, possibly an eighth of an inch,
its centre being partly covered with epithelial cicatrization-tissue,
and the margin about a quarter of an inch in width, more raw;
the hairs had largely fallen or had been epilated, the sub-maxillary
and sub-lingual glands were enlarged.
No history of the source of infection could be obtained; he had
been shaved publicly and had noticed a papule on the cheek, which
was shaved off. and kept increasing in size up to the time of first
observation. As the sore had been greatly irritated, he was given
a zinc ointment, and, although the diagnosis was recorded as chancre
of the cheek at the first visit, the hairs were submitted to micro-
scopic examination, which, of course, yielded negative results.
Under the zinc ointment the crusts and epithelial covering came
off, and most of the hairs fell out, leaving a red, raw and moist
surface.
Three weeks later he began to have excessive alopecia, and a
general, small papular syphilide covered the entire surface; some
general adenopathy also occurred, he having been without specific
treatment. Under active medication his symptoms all yielded
CHANCRE OF THE EYELID 95
very rapidly, and while then under observation he had very few
unfavorable features, except once a dimness of vision of the left
eye, possibly from choroiditis, although no ophthalmoscopic exam-
ination was made; there was no iritis or external evidence of
disease.
He was seen again later in ray office, almost five years after
his chancre, and, complaining still of dimness of vision, the eyes
were examined by Dr. Knapp, who found a pigmentary retinitis
from chronic choroiditis in both eyes; the sight improved very
materially imder specific treatment.
Case XCVIII. Chancre of right cheek. Mr. W. T., aged 30. a
seaman, came to my clinic on October 13, 1883, with a chancre on
the right cheek, possibly acquired through shaving with the utensils
of a comrade with syphilis. Unfortunately the case-paper refuting
to this case has become mislaid and details cannot be given, other
than the record from the Hospital register given above.
Four cases are here recorded, three in males, all on the left
ej'e, one on the upper and two on the lower lid ; and one case in a
woman, where the history pointed to a chancre of the left lower
eyelid, which had been removed for an epithelioma.
Case XCIX. Chancre of iejt upper eyelid. Mr. W. U., a waiter,
aged 24, was under treatment for tinea versicolor and gonorrhcea,
when, on January 16, 1886, it was noticed that he had a sore on
the left upper eyelid. It was situated towards the outer angle of
the eye, sharply defined, of a yellowish-white aspect, with a raw
surface, and depressed in the centre; it extended from the edge of
the eyelid almost three-quarters of an inch upwards, and was
about half an inch in length. Under very active anti-syphilitic
treatment, the lUeer rapidly healed, and he had very few syphilitic
manifestations, except adenopathy, headache, and, later, asarcocele
which was thought to be gonorrhceal, but which yielded promptly
to an increased strength of the anti-syphilitic treatment.
No source of infection was made out. but the man was of loose
habits.
Case C. Chancre of left lower eyelid. Mr. W. V., aged about
j6, applied at my clinic for the treatment of a maeulo-papular
Eyphilide covering much of the body. On searching for the
96 SYPHILIS INSONTWM
primary lesion, it was discovered, seated on the outer half of the
left lower eyelid. The characters closely resembled those pre-
sented by the case just described, a hard, whitish-yellow ulcer, one-
half by one-quarter of an inch in diameter, seated directly on the
edge of the lid. The full notes of the case are mislaid, but the
case is still very vivid in my mind, and was recently recalled to my
attention by one of the gentlemen who saw the case with me.
Case CI. Chancre of Iff! lower eyelid. Mr. W. W., aged 28,
first noticed a small red point on the lower eyelid three weeks pre-
vious to his visit, March 1 1, 1892. This had the appearance of a
stye, and was lanced by an oculist one week before, of course
without result; the sore point continued to enlarge to the time of
observation.
When examined, the left lower eyelid was seen to be the seat
of a tumor the size o£ a small chestnut, a little to the left of the
median line, which nearly closed the eye : this was very hard, and
on its surface there was a slight, superficial ulceration, giving it a
glazed appearance, of a vivid red, and extending inside the lid.
There was very marked pre-auricnlar glandular enlargement, and
the sub-maxillary gland on that side was the size of a pigeon's egg.
It was thought that possibly infection took place through a
towel, as he was a waiter in a hotel where there were 100 waiters
who often used a towel in common; but possibly it occurred
otherwise.
Case CII. Chancre of left lower eyelid. Mrs. W. X., aged 43,
came under my care November 13, iSSo, for an ulcerative syph-
ilitic eruption on the lower part of the left leg, presenting also
scars of other similar lesions on the left forearm and elsewhere:
she had also an exquisite pigmentary syphilids on the neck.
She gave no history of syphilitic infection, but on close ques-
tioning it was learned that she had had a lesion on the left lower
eyelid, some four years before, and her description of it answered
so closely to the appearances presented by chancre in this locality,
that it was believed to have been such, as it had immediately pre-
' ceded the active syphilitic s3'mptoms; it had been excised by some
one for an epithelioma, after it had lasted some time. There
e " scar, involving about half of the lower
althy cicatricial tissue, without the
Qf the supposed epithelioma. The
r 39 years at the time of the opera-
CHANCRE OF THE CHIN 97
tion), the perfect results after a relatively slight removal, coupled
with the description of the original sore, seemed to leave no doubt
but that it was the initial lesion of syphilis in her case : other cases
are on record where chancres of the eyelid have been excised for
epithelioma.
CHANCRE OF THE CHIN.
Four cases (one added since the tables were made), are re-
corded of the initial lesion on the chin ; three of these were observed
directly, and in the other case the history was so clear that it must
be accepted as such, although the sore had occurred two years
before observation.
Case CIII. Chancre on lift side of (hin. Mrs. W. Y., aged
36, applied on January 15, 1SS9, for liic treatment of an ulcer
on the left side of the chin which had then lasted nearly two
She could give no very clear history of the formation of the
sore, except that it had steadily increased in size from a small
scratch or papule, until the time of her visit ; she had been treated
at different dispensaries, and by several physicians, but the sore
refused to heal.
When first seen the ulcer was somewhat oval in shape, and
rather more than half an inch in its longest diameter. The
margin was sharply defined, and rai.sed, but the centre somewhat
depressed, and covered with a thin, shiny crust, beneath which
the surface was raw and secreting; there was some adenopathy
on that side ; it is not recorded if there was any hardness to the
ulcer. There was a maculo-papular eruption, just appearing on
the neck and chest, and soreness uf the throat.
Underactive mixed treatment and a calomel ointment to the
□leer, it healed with remarkable rapidity, althoiigh the eruption
continued to develop, and she had afterward much periosteal
pains and headache.
Nothing definite could he learned in regard to infection ; but her
husband had recently returned after an eighteen-months' absence
in Panama, with an eruption which was supposed to be syphilitic,
and it is probable that a .scratch became inoculated in kissing.
Case CIV. Chancre on Ufl side of chin. Mr. W. Z. . aged 39, was
sent to my office, February 6, 1S93, for a very severe large papular
eruption, which was particularly developed about the face, but also
• $8 SVPHILJS INSOMTIUM
very extensive on the body and limbs ; it had existed for two or
three months.
Some three or four months before his visit he had noticed a
Bore on the left side of the chin, three-quarters of an inch below
the left corner of the mouth, which was accompanied with swell-
ing of the glands beneath that side ; this was soon followed by the
eruption. There was no chancre on the penis or elsewhere.
The sore had healed tmdcr the treatment given previously,
leaving a slightly depressed, oblong scar, about three-quarters of
an inch in longest diameter, which was still considerably reddened,
but not hard. It was supposed that infection took place through
a razor cut, but he could never trace the source of the virus.
The syphilis ran a very severe course.
Case CV. Chamre on right side of chin. Mr. V. A., a married
gentleman, aged 50, had not been e->:posed to venereal disease for
twenty-five years, and had never had any lesions of the penis.
Two years before his visit, September ai, 1887, he had been
cut by a barber on the right side of the chin, but could give no
particulars in regard to the exact source of infection. The cut
point refused to heal and became an ulcer, which lasted six weeks,
and finally was cured by local caustic treatment aloue, leaving a
depressed cicatri.x a third of an inch in diameter ; he stated that
he had taken no medicine internally for twenty years and was
not conscious of having any eruption of the body prior to that for
which he sought relief. This eruption was first noticed about two
months before his visit, while bathing in the sea, it appearing
first on the right upper arm, the other points following and
increasing up to the lime of observation.
When first seen, there was a characteristic, late, papulo-
tubercular syphilide in the right eyebrow, on the right upper arm
and thigh, and on the left wrist. The lesions were mostly dis-
tributed in circles and broken curves, and were moderately scaly.
There was tenderness of both tibiie, and some mouth lesions,
although these were rather doubtful, as he was a great smoker.
For the few months previous to being seen he had had pain in the
front and top of the head, without cause. The eruptions all disap-
peared in the course of some months under a nti- syphilitic treat-
ment, but he was seen again eighteen months later, with large
surfaces of quite deep and ulcerated tubercular syphilis, on differ-
CHANCRE OF THE HAND 99
Case CV. {bii). CAanereon Uft side of chin. The following case,
in private practice was overiooked in making up the preceding
tables. Mr. G. F., aged 15, first noticed a pimple to the left of the
median line of the chin, on February 22, which became sore,
ulcerated, and lasted until May, finally healing under local treat-
ment; when largest the ulcer was the size of the thumb nail. At
the same time he had great swelliug of the glands beneath the jaw,
much malaise and shooting pains, and an eruption appeared about
four weeks after the beginning of the ulcer ; the hair then fell and
he had sore throat later.
When iirst seen, December 4, 1891, he had the remains of a
general, large papular sj-philide, with general adenopathy. The
scar of the chin chancre presented an oval, depressed surface one-
half by one-third of an inch in diameter. There was no lesion
on the penis, nor had there been.
No source of infection could be found ; he was shaved fre-
quently by a barber, but knew of no means by which he was
infected.
Two cases occur here, one on the back of the hand, and one
at the base of the left thumb.
Case CVI. Chancre of baek of Uf I hand. Mrs. V. B., aged 25,
applied at the Skin and Cancer Hospital on September 1, 1886, for
the treatment of a large papular .syphilidc, chiefly annoying on the
forehead and cheeks, with mucous patches on the lips and tongue.
There was also headache and alopecia. The initial lesion still
existed on the back of the left hand, of the origin of which how-
ever, she could give no clue.
The history was, that two months previously a small lesion had
appeared on the back of the hand, which was treated by her phy-
sician with nitric acid, and had gradually enlarged, refusing to heal.
When first seen there was a shallow, indurated ulcer, about the
middle of the back of the left hand, circular in shape, and about
half an inch in diameter: the eruption began to develop about six
weeks after the appearance of the ulcer. This patient was the one
who communicated syphilis to Mrs. Z. Z., already mentioned (Case
XXVI.), by means of the chancre of the lip.
Case CVII. Chancre at base of left thumb. Mr. V. C, aged 34,
had been rooming for several months with a young man who had
lOO SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
been under my treatment for syphilis, when he came to my office
on August 4, 1892, on account of an ulceration on the hand.
Three months previously, while scuffling with his companion,
he had struck the part against his teeth and made a cut three-
quarters of an inch long; the wound bled profusely, but refused
to heal, and gradually developed into an oval ulceration, one-
half by three-quarters of an inch in diameter. By a comparison
with my notes of his friend's case I find that just at the time of the
injury his lips and tongue were the seat of abundant mucous
patches; he had been warned against giving infection, and, being
an intelligent student, thought that his efforts had been successful,
until the sore on his friend's hand occurred.
When first seen, three months after infection, the ulcer was
beginning to heal, being covered with a crust: but it was very
hard and sharply defined, and there was marked cubital adenopathy,
as also glandular enlargement in the neck and elsewhere, with
considerable sore throat, but no eruption, although some appeared
later. The chancre healed very rapidly under mercury and chalk,
one grain every two hours.
CHANCRE OF THE NOSE.
Case CVIII. ifr. V. D., aged 3S, came to me, October a,
1888, on account of a very great soreness of the left nostril, with
some redness and inflammatorj' condition of the external tissues.
It was learned that about March a, seven months prior to his
visit, he had noticed a collecting and drjMng of mucus in the
nostril, and had applied to a physician, by whom he had been
treated frequently, ever since, bj- means of sprays and ointments;
but the trouble had remained and increased until he presented
himself at my oiEcc; the external lesions had appeared about
three weeks before his visit. He had had no internal medication,
as his di.scase had not been suspected to be syphilis.
There was then a great swelling of all of the left nostril, which
stood open, and was covered interiorly, on its outer wall, with a
dried cnist, and on the margin there was some ulcerated surface
free from crust; the outside of the nose was reddened and uneven
from small nodular masses. There was no history whatever of
preceding syphilis, and the lesion was suspected to be a chancre,
rather than a later manifestation of the disease, but the diagnosis
CHANCRE OF THE EAR lOl
was most difScult to substantiate at the first visit He was given
a mixed treatment with calamine and zinc ointment to be applied
freely, outside and inside the diseased nostril.
One week later it was noted that tlie change in the condition
of affairs was very great ; much of the external redness and swelling
of the nose was gone, and the ulcer within the nostril had healed
over. At this visit he was carefully examined, and a fading
macule -papular syphilide was discovered ; there was cubital aden-
opathy, and he afterward had mucous patches, etc.
Two weeks after his first visit the inflammatory element had
about disappeared from the nose, and it was recorded that the left
ala nasi presented an ivory-like hardness, which remained dis-
tinctly, and was noted each time when he was seen, even six
weeks later; the ulceration of the primary lesion on the mucous
surface of the ala, healed entirely in a few weeks from the first
visit.
In searching for a mode of infection, it was found that, being
a custom-house broker, he was accustomed to be much with sea-
men from the ships, using the same towels, etc. ; it was there-
fore supposed that in some manner, in picking the nose, or possibly
in wiping it with a towel, he had conveyed the poison to some
abraded surface within or at the edge of the nostril. He knew
of no other mode of infection, he had no lesions on the genitals,
nor had he been exposed in sexual intercuurse for two years.
The following case of chancre of the left ear is interesting, as
the man from whom he received the injury was known to have
syphilis.
Case CIX. Chancre o/U/i ear. Mr. V. E., a printer, aged 33,
applied at the New York Huspilal, November 24, iSKo, for the
treatment of a greatly inflamed ear, which had been torn in a
light, three weeks previous to his visit, it having probably been
bitten. The man with whom he had fought had early syphilis,
with the mouth sore from mucous patches.
The surface had been much irritated by basilicon ointment
and other applications, and when first sceu the entire left auricle
was greatly inflamed, with crusted exudation around a large
ulcerated surface ; the diagnosis of dermatitis was made, and
96 SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
primary lesion, it was discovered, seated on the outer half of the
left tower eyelid. The characters closely resembled those pre-
sented by the case jest described, a hard, whitish -yellow ulcer, one-
half by one-quarter of an inch in diameter, seated directly on the
edge of the lid. The full notes of the case are mislaid, but the
case is still very vivid in my mind, and was recently recalled to my
attention by one of the gentlemen who saw the case with me.
Case CI. Chancre of left lower eyelid, Mr. W. W., aged 28,
first noticed a small red point on the lower eyelid three weeks pre-
vious to his visit, March 11, 1893. This had the appearance of a
stye, and was lanced by an oculist one week before, of course
without result; the sore point continued to enlarge to the time of
observation.
When examined, the left lower eyelid was seen to be the seat
of a tumor the size of a small chestnut, a little to the left of the
median line, which nearly closed the eye: this was very hard, and
on its surface there was a slight, superficial ulceration, giving it a
glazed appearance, of a vivid red, and extending inside the lid.
There was verj' marked pre-auricular glandular enlargement, and
the sub-maxillary gland ou that side was the size of a pigeon's egg.
It was thought that possibly infection took place through a
towel, as he was a waiter in a hotel where there were loo waiters
who often used a towel in common; but possibly it occurred
otlicrwise.
Case CII. Chancre ef left lower eyelid. Mrs. W. X., aged 43,
came under my care November 13, 18S0, for an ulcerative syph-
ilitic eruption on the lower part of the left leg, presenting also
scars of other similar lesions on the left forearm and elsewhere:
she had also an exquisite pigmentary syphilide on the neck.
She gave no history of syphilitic infection, but on close ques-
tioning it was learned that she had had a lesion on the left lower
eyelid, some four years before, and her description of it answered
so closely to the appearances presented by chancre in this locality,
that it was believed to have been such, as it had immediately pre-
ceded the active syphilitic symptoms; it had been excised by some
one for an epithelioma, after it had lasted some time. There
existed a small superficial scar, involving about half of the lower
lid, presenting perfectly healthy cicatricial tissue, without the
slightest attempt at a return of the supposed epithelioma. The
young age of the patient (3S or 39 years at the time of the opera-
CHANCRE OF THE CHIN 97
tion), the perfect results after a relatively slight removal, coupled
with the description of the original sore, seemed to leave no doubt
but that it was the initial lesion of syphilis in her case : other cases
are on record where chancres of the eyelid have been excised for
epithelioma.
CHANCRE OF THE CHIN.
Four cases (one added since the tables were made), are re-
corded of the initial lesion on the chin ; three of these were observed
directly, and in the other case tbe history was so clear that it must
be accepted as such, although the sore had occurred two years
before observation.
Case CIII, Chancre on left side of chin. Mrs. W. Y., aged
36, applied on January 15, 1S89, for tlie treatment of an ulcer
on the left side of the chin which had then lasted nearly two
months.
She could give no very clear history of the formation of the
sore, except that it had steadily increased in size from a small
scratch or papule, until the limeof hervisil; she had been treated
at different dispensaries, and bj' several physicians, but the sore
refused to heal.
When first seen the ulcer was somewhat oval in shape, and
rather more than half an inch in its longest diameter. The
margin was sharply defined, and raised, but the centre somewhat
depressed, and covered with a thin, shiny crust, beneath which
the surface was raw and secreting; there was some adenopathy
on that side; it is not recorded if there was any hardness to the
ulcer. There was a maculo-papular eruption, just appearing on
the neck and chest, and soreness of the throat.
Under active mixed treatment and a calomel ointment to the
ulcer, it healed with remarkable rapidity, although the eruption
continued to develop, and she had afterward much periosteal
pains and headache.
Nothing definite could be learned in regard to infection ; but her
husband had recently returned after an eighteen -months' absence
in Panama, with an eruption which was supposed to be syphilitic,
and it is probable that a scratch became inoculated in kissing.
Case CIV, Chancre on left side of chin. Mr. W. Z. , aged 39, was
sent to my office, February 6, 1891, for aveiy severe large papular
eruption, which was particularly developed about the face, but also
* $8 SYPHJUS JNSONTIUM
very extensive on the body and limbs ; it had existed for two or
three months.
Some three or four months before his visit he had noticed a
sore on the left side of the chin, three-quarters of an inch below
the left corner of the month, which was accompanied with swell-
ing of the glands beneath that side ; this was soon followed by the
eruption. There was no chancre on the penis or elsewhere.
The sore had healed under the treatment given previously,
leaving a slightly depressed, oblong scar, about three-quarters of
an inch in longest diameter, which was still considerably reddened,
but not hard. It was supposed that infection took place through
a razor cut, but he could never trace the source of the vims.
The syphilis ran a very severe course.
Case CV. Chancre on right side of chin. Mr. V. A., a married
gentleman, aged 50, had not been exposed to venereal disease for
twenty-five years, and had never had any lesions of the penis.
Two years before his visit, September at, 1887, he had been
cut by a barber on the right side of the chin, but could give no
particulars in regard to the exact source of infection. The cut
point refused to heal and became an ulcer, which lasted six weeks,
and finally was cured by local caustic treatment alone, leaving a
depressed cicatrix a third of an inch in diameter; he stated that
he had taken no medicine internally for twenty years and was
not conscious of having any eruption of the body prior to that for
which he sought relief. This eruption was first noticed about two
months before his visit, while bathing in the sea, it appearing
first on the right upper arm, the other points following and
increasing up to the time of observation.
When first seen, there was a characteristic, late, papulo-
tubercular syphilide in the right eyebrow, on the right upper arm
and thigh, and on the left wrist. The lesions were mostly dis-
tributed in circles and broken curves, and were moderately scaly.
There was tenderness of both tibiic, and some mouth lesions,
although these were rather doubtful, as he was a great smoker.
For the few months previous to being seen he had had pain in the
front and top of the head, without cause. The eruptions all disap-
peared in the course of some months under anti-syphilitic treat-
ment, but he was seen again eighteen months later, with large
surfaces of quite deep and ulcerated tubercular sj-philis, on differ-
ent parts of the body.
CNANCRE OF THE HAND 99
Case CV. (its). Chancre an Uft side of chin. The following case,
in private practice was overlooked in making up the preceding
tables. Mr. G. F. , aged 25, first noticed a pimple to the left of the
median line of the chin, on February 22, which became sore,
ulcerated, and lasted until May, finally healing under local treat-
ment; when largest the ulcer was the size of the thumb nail. At
the same time he had great swelling of the glands beneath the jaw,
much malaise and shooting pains, and an eruption appeared about
four weeks after the beginning of the ulcer; the hair then fell and
he had sore throat later.
When first seen, December 4, 1891, he had the remains of a
general, large papular syphilide, with general adenopathy. The
scar of the chin chancre presented an oval, depressed surface one-
half by one-third of an inch in diameter. There was no lesion
on the penis, nor had there been.
No source of infection could be found; he was shaved fre-
quently by a barber, but knew of no means by which he was
infected.
CHANCRE OF THE HAND.
Two cases occur here, one on the back of the hand, and one
at the base of the left thumb.
Case CVI. Chancre of back of left hand. Mrs. V. B. , aged 25,
applied at the Skin and Cancer Hospital on September 1, 1886, for
the treatment of a large papular syphilide, chiefly annoying on the
forehead and cheeks, with mucous patches on the lips and tongue.
There was also headache and alopecia. The initial lesion stiU
existed on the back of the left hand, of the origin of which how-
ever, she could give no clue.
The history was, that two months previously a small lesion had
appeared on the back of the hand, which was treated by her phy-
sician with nitric acid, and had gradually enlarged, refusing to heal.
When first seen there was a shallow, indurated ulcer, about the
middle of the back of the left hand, circular in shape, and about
half an inch in diameter: the eruption began to develop about six
weeks after the appearance of the ulcer. This patient was the one
who communicated syphilis to Mrs. Z. Z., already mentioned (Case
XXVI.), by means of the chancre of the lip.
Case CVII. Chancre at base of left thumb. Mr. V. C, aged 24,
had been rooming for several months with a young man who had
loo SYPHILIS IXSONTIUM
been under my treatment for syphilis, when he came to my office
on August 4, 1892, on account of an ulceration on the hand.
Three months previously, while scuffling with his companion,
he had struck the part against his teeth and made a cut three-
quarters of an inch long; the wound bled profusely, but refused
to heal, and gradually developed into an oval ulceration, one-
half by three-quarters t\i an inch in diameter. By a comparison
with my notes of his friend's case I find that j ust at the time of the
injury his lips and tongue were the seat of abundant mucous
patches; he had been warned against giving infection, and, being
an intelligent student, thought tlial his efforts had been successful,
until the sore on his friend's hand occurred.
When first seen, three months after infection, the ulcer was
beginning tu heal, being covered with a crust: but it was very
hard and sharply defined, and there was marked cubital adenopathy,
as also glandular enlargement in the neck and elsewhere, with
considerable sore throat, but no eruption, although some appeared
later. The chancre healed very rapidly under mercury and chalk,
one grain every two hours.
Case CVIII. :^Ir. V. D,, aged 3S, came to mc, October a,
18SS, on account of a vcrj- great soreness of the left nostril, with
some redness and inflammatory condition of the external tissues.
It was learned that about March i, seven months prior to his
visit, he had noticed a collecting and drying of mucus in the
nostril, and had applied to a physician, by whon^ he had been
treated frequently, ever since, by means of sprays and ointments;
but the trouble had remained and increased until he presented
himself at my office; the external lesions had appeared about
three weeks before his visit. He had had no interna! medication,
as his disease had not been suspected to be syphilis.
There was then a great swelling of all of the left nostril, which
stood open, and was covered interiorly, on its outer wall, with a
dried crust, and on the margin there was some ulcerated surface
free from crust ; the outside of the nose was reddened and uneven
from small nodular masses. There was no historj- whatever of
preceding syphilis, and the lesion was suspected to be a chancre,
rather than a later manifestation of the disease, but the diagnosis
CHANCRE OF THE EAR lOI
was most difi&cult to substantiate at the first visit. He was given
a mixed treatment with calamine and zinc ointment to be applied
freely, outside and inside the diseased nostril.
One week later it was noted that the change in the condition
of affairs was ver>' great; much of the external redness and swelling
of the nose was gone, and the ulcer within the nostril had healed
over. At this visit he was carefully examined, and a fading
maculo- papular syphilide was discovered; there was cubital aden-
opathy, and he afterward had mucous patches, etc.
Two weeks after his first visit the inflammatory element had
about disappeared from the nose, and it was recorded that the left
ala nasi presented an ivorj'-liic hardness, which remained dis-
tinctly, and was noted each time when he was seen, even six
weeks later; the ulceration of the primary lesion on the mucous
surface of the ala, healed entirely in a few weeks from the first
visit.
In searching for a mode o£ infection, it was found that, being
a custom-house broker, he was accustomed to be much with sea-
men from the ships, using the same towels, etc. ; it was there-
fore supposed that in some manner, in picking the nose, or possibly
in wiping it with a towel, he had conveyed the poison to some
abraded surface within or at the edge of the nostril. He knew
of no other mode of infection, he had no lesions on the genitals,
nor had he been exposed in sexual intercourse for two years.
The following case of chancre of the left ear is interesting, as
the man from whom he received the injury was known to have
Bjrphilis.
Case CIX. Chancre of Uft ear. Mr. V. E. , a printer, aged 33,
applied at the New York Hospital, November 14, 1880, for the
treatment of a greatly inflamed ear, which had been torn in a
6ght, three weeks previous to his visit, it having probably been
bitten. The man with whom be had fought had early syphilis,
with the mouth sore from mucous patches.
The surface had been much irritated by basilicon ointment
i other applications, and when first seen the entire left auricle
-_s greatly inflamed, with crusted exudation around a large
■ated surface ; the diagnosis of dermatitis was made, and
IO» SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
palliative and soothing treatment adopted. Two weeks later it
was noted that the lesion had spread greatly, and then occupied a
space three inches long by two inches wide, in front of the ear
extending down towards the lobule. The surface was ulcerated
and irregularly elevated, with considerable tumefaction of the
edge; the ulcerative process extended on to the external auricle,
which was red and osdematous, and also into the auditorj- meatus,
which was occluded by the swelling. The pain in the sore was
very great, especially at night ; it was ordered to he poulticed,
the poultice being made with a lotion of permanganate of potash,
and, some laxative pills containing blue mass were ordered.
One week later the surface was suppurating freely, with large,
florid granulations, but with an improved appearance; the pain
was still intense at night, abating toward morning. The diagnosis
of chancra was now made, and the poultices were stopped and a
mild calomel ointment applied, and internally a mixed treatment
given, with a mercurial purge. Three days later the ulcer was
recorded as still about three inches long by two wide, with hard,
everted borders, but with improvement in its general appearance ;
the pain soon lessened under this treatment, and on January j, six
weeks after his first visit, the lUcer was completely healed, leaving
a red, scaly surface. A large papular syphilide had just appeared,
covering most of the body and extremities. Later, mucous
patches, bone-pains, and other syphilitic symptoms completed the
history of constitutional syphilis.
CHANCRE IIF THE LEFT TtMPLE.
Case CX. Chancre of left tempU. Mrs. V. P., aged 39, who
-worked with her husband in making artificial flowers, came to the
New York Hospital April iS, iSgt, on account of a verj- general,
large, flat, papular syphilide, which was particularly well devel-
oped about the head and neck.
The history was that about the middle of January, three
months previously, there had appeared on the left temple a small
pimple, which was scratched, became crusted over, the crust was
removed again and again, and the sore beneath it increased
in size, almost to the time of the visit. Of late it had become
more drj', and was healing over. A few weeks after the sore was
first noticed the genera! eruption had appeared.
CHANCRE OF THE LEFT SIDE OF THE NECK 103
On examination a dusky red, slightly raised solid patch, an
inch or an inch and a half in diameter, was seen on the left temple,
partly T,vithin the hairy surface; there was not very ranch hard-
ness, but the edges could be very distinctly felt, all around. The
post -auricular and anti-auricular glands were large and hard on
that side, and some moderate general adenopathy ; mucous patches
in buccal cavity. Later on she had double iritis, first on the left
side, and also alopecia, etc., the syphilis running a very severe
In order to eliminate genital chancre I had her most carefully
examined by the gynaecologist of the service, and no trace of a
primary lesion could be found on the external or deepest parts.
No clue was ever obtained asto the source of the infection, although
she was an intelligent woman and aided me in my investigations.
CHANCRE OF THE LEFT SIDE OF THE NECK,
Case CXI. Chancre of Uft sidt of neck. Miss V. G., aged aj,
applied at the Skin and Cancer Hospital, September 4, 1S91, for
the treatment of a sore upon the left side of the neck : it was about
the size of a walnut, rather hard, and protruding considerably from
the surface, and with a red, slightly excoriated surface, with a
little sero-purulent discharge.
As the nature of the lesion was doubtful, and suggested
strongly a small sarcomatous tumor, excoriated by the dress, she
was given a one-per-cent watery solution of fuchsinc, to be kept
applied to the surface: there was no internal treatment given, as
it was desired to wait for further developments. One week later
the tumor had softened some and was less elevated.
Two weeks after her first visit there was post-cervical aden?
opathy on each side, and three days later still, an abundant
macular eruption of syphilis appeared on the body : the sore on the
neck then appeared very much better, from the use of a mild
mercurial lotion which had been given her on her second visit,
when the true nature of the lesion had been suspected.
On close inquiry it was found that a few weeks before her first
visit she had had a bee sting on the neck, which she afterwards
scratched, and a lady friend had applied court-plaster to it,
wetting it once or twice on her tongue; the small point had in-
l then steadily in size, up to the time of the visit. It was
SYPHILIS f.vso.vr/u.v
supposed that the infection was thus given on the court-plaster,
though nothing could ever be learned in regard to the person
applying it.
In one case, that of a very intelligent genileiuan, the evidence
pointed very clearly to the acquiring of syphilis by tattooing on
the arm, some years before he came under observation.
Case CXII, Chature of right forearm. Mr. V. H., aged 43,
came to my office for the ireatment of leukoplakia, April 1 9, 1 883 :
he was a great smoker, and had been particularly troubled with
the mouth and tongue during the previous year.
When first seen there was little in the mouth to suggest any-
thing beyond the condition often observed in those using tobacco
excessively: the sides of the tongue, especially the right side, were
the seat of pearly white patches, sharply defined, and there were
also some patches on the insidcs of the cheeks. He denied having
had syphilis, though he acknowledged a suppurating bubo twenty
years before. With a diminution and occasional cessation in the
smoking, and with a weak chromic acid solution applied locally,
and alkalies intemallj-, the white patches lessened very decidedly,
and within three months had about disappeared.
When next seen, five months later, he had a well-defined,
though not very pniminent patch of tubercular syphilitic eruption
on the scrotum, and also one on the thigh, and it was then noticed
that he had dark stains here and there from what he had called
boils, and on the side of the right middle finger there was an infil-
trated mass which cracked. He was put upon a mixed treatment,
andthe lesions disappeared quite promptly, without local measures;
a month later he had again a scattered tubercular eruption, this
time on the palms. At later periods he had other scattered lesions.
While he had previously considered himself in good health, he now
noticed that there had been a marked improvement in his general
condition under the use of ami -syphilitic treatment.
After establishing the diagnosis of syphilis we endeavored on
several occasions to trace the source of infection, without avail,
until I noticed a tattoo on the right arm, he having been a sea-
captain; on close questioning I learned that about seven years
previous to his first visit he had had the tattoo replaced by an old
CHANCRE Oi-ER TUB COCCYX 105
sailor, as the former one had not been distinct. This second tattoo,
he said, behaved di£ferently from the former one, and from others
he had seen, and was sore for some time, but his memory was not
good in regard to the peculiar local features exhibited. Some
three or four months after this second tattooing, he began to have
the eruption on the palms, and he had noticed that since that date
his tissues had behaved differently than they had previously done,
not healing as before, when subjected to injury.
The following case exhibits the chancre in a most unusual
locality and from a most uncommon cause.
Case CXIII. Mr. V. I., aged 45, a gentleman with a grown
np family, was sent to me in consultation, from a distant city,
September so, 1887, on account of a diffuse maculo-papular syphi-
Hde, with general adenopathy. He was perfectly positive that he
had had no venereal exposure in any manner whatever, and was
shocked, as well as indignant, at the .suggestion of the nature of his
disease, he having only very recently cautioned his own son against
sexual transgressions. He had no sore on the penis, and I
searched for a long time to find the site of entry of the poison;
for the eruption was manifestly of such recent syphilis that I felt
confident that the chancre, or its well-marked remains, must be
Still present. The lips and cavity of the mouth were examined
in vain, as also the fingers, and all other portions where one might
expect to find such a sore.
On questioning still further, as to whether he had not had
some ulcerating spot on any portion of the body, he then called
my attention to the sacral region, where he said he had had a sore
point for a number of weeks, which had been regarded as a simple
ulcer, or as an epithelioma by his family physician ; it had, how-
ever, been diagnosed as a chancre by a surgeon of prominence in
another city, just before his visit, as the eruption had then Just
appeared. On examining the site, there was found an ulcer just
within the fold of the nates, about an inch back of the anus. When
the parts were separated, the ulcer was round, about half an inch
in diameter, sharply defined, with red edges and a greyish- white,
slightly ulcerating base ; a distinct hardness could easily be made
out. This patient was seen again in consultation, some eight
io6 SYPHILIS INSQNTIUSi
months after his first visit, and was still suffering from syphilitic
lesions, mainly in the mouth.
The supposed and probable mode of infection was very inter-
esting. The patient stated that he had long had some itching in
that region, even for ji'ears, and at times there would be a little
fissure along the crack between the nates, which, he said, existed
also just before the new lesion developed. Some five or six weeks,
perhaps longer, before his visit to me, he had been in bathing,
and, quite contrary to his usual custom, he had worn a strange
suit of bathing clothes; moreover, on account of the itching
in that region he had rubbed and scratched the part vigorously
through the bathing trousers. A few weeks after this an attend-
ant in a bath had noticed the ulcer forming, which had persisted
and increased in size up to the time of his ^-isit.
The supposition is that some one, who had worn the bathing
suit before him, had secreting mucous lesions about the anus,
and had left the clothing soaked with the virus; this was then
very thoroughly rubbed upon the already existing fissure, in the
effort to obtain relief from the itching, by rubbing and scratching
through the clothing. A more perfect opportunity for artificial
inoculation could hardly be presented.
CHAPTER V.
DEHOGRAFHY OF SYPHILIS. — CAUSES AND METHODS OF THE SPREAD OF
SYPHILIS IN THE PAST AND PRESENT. A. SYPHILIS PANDEMICA
(including syphilis EPIDEMICA AND ENDEMICa).
B. SYPHILIS SPORADICA (INCLUDING SYPHILIS
ECONOMICA, BREPHOTROPHICA,
AND TECHN'ICa),
The virus of syphilis is one of the most energetic and certain
of animal contagfions, and exerts its powers whenever and where-
ever it can find a suitable opportunity. When first introduced
into & community, it develops and spreads in the most active
manner, sparing neither age nor sex, provided it can gain access
into the economy; this has been repeatedly shown in the past
history of the disease, and will be more particularly described in
the succeeding chapters.
It will be seen later that whole families have been infected,
■when, through ignorance of the danger, all have been exposed
alike in the intimate relations of family life, especially among the
peasantry of certain countries, where household utensils are largely
used in common. The reason why any escape, is simply because
a sufficient quantity of the active contagious clement of the dis-
ease has not found access to the system through wounds or abra-
sions; it is questionable whether artificial inoculations would not
invariably succeed in producing syphilis, if they were perfectly
performed upon those who had not been previously protected by
a former attack of the disease, or by hereditary influence, more or
less remote. The virus resembles that of vaccinia more closely
than any other, and it is expected that this latter can be pro-
duced with sufficient care in every newborn infant ; the exceptions
only serve to prove the rule. The same would undoubtedly be
true of the sjrphilitic poison if tested in the same manner.
I08 SYPHILIS IXSONTIUM
Such being the case, it is not surprising that the disease has
spread with greater or less rapidity, until, as previously stated, it
may now be found in almost everj- portion of the inhabited globe,
and appears to be still increasing, certainly in the large cities ; and
much of this extension of the disease has taken place in later
years, even with the increased knowledge of the pathology and
treatment of syphilis, and in spite of the sanitary safeguards which
have ai times been thrown out against it, here and there, with
greater or less vigor.
The reasons for the Steady spread of syphilis are not diEGcult
to discover. The disease stands alone, and cannot be compared
with any other known malady, except, perhaps, leprosy, which
many have labored to prove to be but an ancestor or progeny of
syphilis. Syphilis differs in very many respects from the other
infectious diseases, such as small-pox, scarlet fever, and measles,
in its chronic character, wherein lies the source of its great danger.
While these latter affections may at times sweep over a coramunity,
and attack those who have escaped previous incursions, and pos-
sibly a few others, the danger from those infected is ended in a
comparatively short time; the disease runs a definite course, and
with proper sanitary precautions, the danger of further spread of
the contagion is averted, and after a certain, but relatively short
period, the individual can no longer communicate the disease.
But with syphilis all is quite different. The patient may be
quite ignorant of having acquired the disease, either by venereal
relations or otherwise, until the virus has actually been in the
system for some time; it may even be several weeks before
the chancre or primary sore is sufficiently developed to render
the diagnosis certain. During a part, at least, of this indefinite
period, it is quite possible tliat others may have been inoculated
from the already slightly abraded sore. This not infrequently
happons in extra-genital chancres, the lesion existing for a very
ciinsiderabJc time, and even running its course and being com-
pletely healed by local measures, without its true nature being
recognized, indeed, it is often not until the appearance of second-
ary symptoms leads to the diagnosis of syphilis, that the point of
entr)- of the poison is found to be some long-continued sore which
has just healed. During this period any number of persons may
have been must innocently inoculated,
Nor is this all, for the danger has only just begun. With the
CAUSES OF THE SPREAD OF SyPHILIS 109
development of the secondary symptoms comes the period, often
long extended, when the fatal mucous patches, with their virulent,
and often abundant secretion, multiply the sources of infection
many fold.
The period of time during which this danger may last, has
never been accurately determined, and perhaps never will be
known, and undoubtedly varies in different cases; but according
to the best authorities it may, and frequently does, last at least
two years, possibly for a very much longer time in particular
instances.
In neglected cases, these mucous patches may be very exten-
sive, both in the mouth and elsewhere, and when patients are not
acquainted with their danger, or are careless, they may and do
furnish a prolific source of contagion ; a very large share of all
instances of syphilis insontium derive their origin from these mucous
patches, as will abundantly appear elsewhere. But it must also
be remarked, that cases differ very greatly in respect to mucous
patches, and some patients may present verj' few during the entire
course of the disease, while with proper care, they may be kept in
abeyance almost entirch-. The danger is, nevertheless, ever
present, as in Case LXVIL, Dr. and Mrs. X. O., mentioned in the
previous chapter, where a physician who had a chancre of the
finger, and was fully aware of the danger, finally infected his wife
in some manner which was never recognized, possibly through
pregnancy.
It has often happened that those guilty of sexual transgressions
have been the first to introduce syphilis into a community,
whereby the disease has gained a footing, and has been spread
alike by the guilty and by the innocent. Looked at in its largest
sense, however, syphilis cannot, in the light of present knowledge,
be any longer regarded as essentially a venereal disease, but as a
scourge, ever ready to attack all who may be exposed to its-vims.
The reason why it is so commonly communicated in the venereal
act, is, as already suggested, simply because thereby is fur-
nished the most ready and most freipient means of intimate
personal contact, during which abrasions of the surface of the
skin or of the mucous membrane occur, thus affording the avenue
through which the poison gains access beneath the epithelial cover-
ing, and is absorbed into the .system. Tlic very common location
of chancres upon the mucous membrane of the genitals, is also
110 SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
explained by the great delicacy of the tissues, and their tendency
to become abraded, either by friction, or by balanitis or herpes
progenitalis or other causes.
Finally, patients affected with syphilis are more likely to com-
municate the disease through sexual intercourse than are those
suffering from other infectious maladies, such as small-pox, scar-
latina, or measles, because, it being a chronic affection, and
frequently not interfering with the daily life and avocations, they
are, from its long period of contagiousness, in a position to trans-
mit it to others, with whom they come in contact. If those with
the other contagious diseases, were to commit the same acts, these
diseases would also be communicated in like manner ; it frequently
does happen, for instance, that scabies and the vegetable parasitic
diseases of the skin arc thus acquired, but they arc never even
then reckoned among venereal affections.
It remains for us now to consider more particularly some of
the instances and modes whereby syphilis has been spread to com-
munities and individuals, otherwise than by the se.\ual act.
We will first note the occasions on record, where the disease
has affected large numbers, or even nations, in such a manner as
to entitle it to the designation of a pandemic affection, A. Syphilis
pandemica.
We will then consider B. Syphilis sporadiea, where it appears
only in isolated instances, or in small groups, as opportunities of
infection present themselves. These subjects may be further
sub-divided as follows, and will form the basis of the succeeding
chapters :
A. Syphilis pandemica. This term is applied to the disease
■where it has extended in a short time so widely as to affect many
individuals, or even a large part of the population of any district,
even as other contagious diseases may become pandemic ; this
part of the subject may, for convenience of study, be further sub-
divided into tpidemic and endemie syphilis.
I. Syphilis epidemica. In the instances to be described later
under this designation, syphilis has spread with great rapidity,
and has affected many persons within a comparatively short time;
the disease has often not been recognized at the outset, but later
the source of the infection has been discovered, and the epidemic
SYPHILIS SPORADICA iii
2. Syphilis endemtca. In other instances the progress has been
more slow, and the disease has seemed to fasten on a people or
nation, and to persist for a great length of time, presenting char-
acters more or less peculiar, as will be noticed in the succeeding
chapters.
B. Syphilli sporadlca. In the larfje majority of instances syph-
ilis occurs in an isolated or sporadic manner, the virus being
communicated to separate individuals ; it is very commonly, no
doubt, confined to the person infected, otherwise the number of
cases would be infinitely greater, even than at present. As
already stated, it is not proposed to consider the venereal aspect
of the disease, nor its transmission by heredity or marriage, and
our further study of sporadic syphilis will relate wholly or mainly
to syphilis insontium sine coitu, or syphilis acquired otherwise than
by the sexual act
An examination of the reported instances of the sporadic
transmission of sj-philis by non-venereal means, or of syphilis sine
eoitu, shows that the modes by which the disease has been acquired
are as varied as are the relations of life ; and yet we find that there
is a certain uniformity in these cases, which permits of a very defi-
nite analysis, according to the classes of persons infected, and
the agent or means by which the virus has been communicated.
Thus they may all be grouped in three general classes, as
follows :
1. Syphilis economica. Here the syphilitic poison is propagated
among those having relations in common, through the bonds o£
common interest, in domestic and industrial conditions.
2. Syphilis brephotrophica. In this class the disease is spread
among infants, and those ha\'ing to do with their care and nourish-
ment.
3. Syphilis tecHniea. This group includes those cases where
syphilis is communicated in connection with the various forms of
body service, medical, surgical, or others of like nature.
The sporadic aspect of the disease, is the one which princi-
pally concerns us in the present studj-, because with the advance
of knowledge in the recognition of syphilis, it is almost impossible
for epidemics, in the strict sense of the term, to occur, and the
disease is usually arrested before it has become widely extended
in any section, or from any cause; it will be seen later, however,
that even within quite recent times very great ravages have
113 SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
occasionally been made, where syphilis has been spread in found-
ling asylums, or by a midwife, or among glassblowers, etc.
The earlier description of syphilis, and of the epidemics alleged
to have been produced by it, are often verj- confusing, and much
thought and ingenuity have been expended in time past in endeav-
oring to trace the diseases which were probably confounded with
the eruptions caused by syphilis, or which modified its appearances ;
on the other hand, in all probability much has been ascribed to
syphilis which had no such connection, while much that was
caused by it was overlooked. Scabies seems to have been the
disease which most frequently masked the lesions of syphilis,
while it is certain that iefrosy was very commonly mixed up with
and mistaken for this disease. As a striking example of the con-
fusion existing, it may be mentioned that quite a large volume,'
published in 1578, purporting to be upon epidemic and contagious
purpura, contains descriptions of unmistakable syphilis.
The complete demography of syphilis has yet to be written, but
from the diligent researches of Hirsch, Lagneau, Lancereaux,
RoLLET, Rev, Mauriac, Jullien, and others, referred to else-
where, our knowledge of the disease as it appears in difEerent
countries, has of late years been immeasurably increased. While
syphilis has spread steadily, following the tide of human life,
sooner or later into almost every region, there is no doubt but that
it has in many localities lost much of its severity, and no longer
produces the ravages observed in early times. But as a great
disease, ever involving new lives, and continually acting as a
degenerating force on the human race, syphilis has lost none of
its interest for the humanitarian, and to-day, more than ever, calls
for sanitary restrictions, which shall diminish the number of its
CHAPTER VI.
As has been already shown in Chapter I., syphilis is now a
very wide-spread disease, existing in almost all portions of the
earth, in varj-ing severity in different regions, and having existed,
in all probability, from the most ancient times known to man.
We will now briefly consider some of the modes by which it has
thus become diffused, and some of the peculiar forms which it has
assumed in different regions and among various communities.
Literature contains many accounts of a very wide-spread exist-
ence of syphilis in different localities, where it has at times broken
out in such a sudden, severe, and general a manner in a community
as to give rise to the designation epidemic syphilis, which has been
applied to it by many writers.
In other countries or sections the disease has spread more
slowly and insidiously, and frequently has been recognized to be
syphilis only after it had affected very many persons; in many
instances the disease has seemed to present features more or less
different according to the country and climate where it has taken
root. To this latter the name endemic syphilis has been given.
Under these two heads we will consider the more or less general
extension of the disease.
The first general spread of syphilis of which we have recdrd,
in a form which at all merits the name of epidemic, was
the severe and apparently sudden outbreak, in Europe, at the
close of the fifteenth century, of what was looked upon as a
new disease, and in regard to which so much has l.'ecu written.
114 SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
As is well known, it was almost universally charged that this "new
disease," called variously the Morbus gallicus, Mai franfais, Mai de
Naples, Mai des Espagnols, Grosse veroU, etc. , was imported by the
followers o£ Columbus from the new world, and was carried and
spread by the army of Charles VIII. of France, in his invasion of
Italy; certain it is that the malady extended with frightful rapidity
and manifested a severity which has hardly been equalled in any
accounts of the disease before or since; thus, a writer in 150a,
Sabellicus,' states that at that time almost one-twentieth of the
whole population of that and the surrounding sections suffered
from the disease.
The extensive ravages of syphilis at this and other times, indi-
cate its very frequent communication in an innocent manner, as
well as through illicit intercourse; any other view would imply
or presuppose an extent of licentiousness quite beyond the bounds
of probability. This view is confirmed by the facts about to be
alluded to in regard to subsequent sudden developments of syph-
ilis in different localities, the instances given being largely, and
in many instances wholly, non-venereal.
Since the date referred to, the number of occasions in which
syphilis has occurred in epidemic form, to a greater or less extent,
could hardly be imagined by one who has not especially considered
the subject, and as the research extends, the number of instances
multiply almost beyond belief. The following table shows a
number of these epidemic outbur.sts of the disease, arranged chron-
ologically, giving such data as may be of interest in connection
with the same; the items of this table will be more particularly
dwelt upon later in connection with the various modes of acquir-
ing syphilis insantium.
No attempt has been made to include all the smaller groups of
cases, sometimes spoken of as localized epidemics, in this table
but some of them are placed with the larger epidemics to show
the order in which the different methods of the innocent communi-
cation of syphilis have been recognized in different countries.
The references to all these, and also to other instances of the
sudden outbreak of syphilis, may be found in the Analytical Bibli-
ography at the end of this work, and the modes of infection clas-
sified in the Synopsis of Facts and Literature.
EPIDEMICS OF SYPHILIS
TABLE VI.
EPIDEMICS OF SYPHILIS
Chronologically Arranged.^
First Period. 1S77-J6S4: Central GermaHy and Sivilzer land.
Chief Source, Cupping.
Due.j Lulily.
R.P.....
^.„ .,,.,.„..,.„.
Number Infected,
|1)
&u,
tardanas.
Sporisch,
and ficanfiolors, In public, by if.e
Tying diBtrieis" '
ZBHeb.
Swlturluid
CUPMKO, SHELTEBINC! WAVFABERS
ADd other mod«. Aulhori cite Meyer-
Zurich -s,. ; iul it is .v,d«nl (ron.
numerom prophylactic enactments
on record I^at this was but one of
wLicb were Dot confined to Zur"n
No flBures.
t»6
Altorf,
(LBramenl.
CUPPING, PKLEBOIOMY. etc. but not ill
public; apparenlly from house to
liDUse, by iimerants; ca«i occurred
over a large disirict,~nu particular
three years (15*6-1591,), probably un-
explained.
Very many; in one
place mention IS
PSJSS-
Town-
cupper, etc., was prosecuted and
punished bv the town (ur ullowing his
clients to become inlecied throutch
Over 70 intac
ed.
^
ISSSf-
astu
Cupping — in all respects n duplicate of
No figure* 1
mauy infec
bul
ed.
»
Sit
Accouchement— very lew particularn,
at see uDd -hand.
V-lid,
.6.1
(I)
Sammerach,
[now Bava-
OrtainBl
(Court)
CtJPPiNC- another instance ■Imilnr to
the Nuremberg and DaraUerg epi-
■odes.
'S^n?rX^'
nlly
,<a4 WiDdihelm,
{8) »•*■"'»■
Wldm>na.
Uontlui.
CUPpmo— not mated if (rom public
..orntore.
end of the nick, iuid:t the 1
SYPHILIS IKSONTIUM
TABLE VI. (C0Hlinued\
Second Period, ibj^iSoo ; Over Most of Europe.
Chiefly connected with reproduction of the race^ as Breastdra-aiiug,
Lactation, Accouchement , Hand-raiiing of Children, etc.
Da..
Laalilf.
R^pcer.
SDun:c of Infeclinn. etc.
NaatbeMafected.
Middle-
'St
Everardn^
BREAST-DRAWi.sc— a woman infected
man y Dtlieri. recently delivered
latter infected (liose who tended ani:
Very many; Bv-
erardut .loo.
treated over.™
E(IO
Italy.
cmncenitally syphilitic, iva» 'ijopl*'"
into H convent, and tended and fond-
led by the Sisters, many of whom
Noasrura..
i'"
(Nut Slated
Vercelloni.
LACTATlOK-a conKenitally syphilitic
infant was wet-nnr»ed by Home com-
"'^
{12)
Fronve.
Itaycr.
Barry.
lL.-;;;.;.;:;r--'"'i=^^
'"men together
in' l^ir Tam^
ilics.
.7.8
l';U
BREAST-bHAwxsG— a Kmall cpiiode-
oomenfibe infected women iranxinit
No fiBOrei
(14)
Hungary.
Fuchs.
Accot;cHEME..T_lil.e K«. „;,.,.f„r,her|No figi-re^
CIS)
Albcrii.
■■ De oai:ulo morblferoel raofbifico."
l.ALTATU'K— Infti-tcd nurslinu; nurainK
tntithcrs reteivc J lhedii«:H«, and etiii-
veyed It Ic. llieir families ; epidemic
No flgures.
(IB)
Garonne)
»..„.
Sm?lie"
,,7.. il-eeiH,
'Kngland.
("1 J
Hey.
; Law rente).
Ai-L.li ' 111 "1 I-. ■ i.lsMk'. first pro-
lt„L..u.ill:, ^l;;._;,.^, mlected her
Not known.
.77; iParis.
(1H)
ipluuque'l).
Bilgiicr.
Heloecken.
No fignn*
(.»!
eniM>ds of EverurUua, but no par-
tfcolars.
liufwrted.
■ Be, 1
(80)
KkEAST-UBAWISU.
No flguras.
lUu iMiintmor-
(II) (S^fjle et
! France,
LAtTA-iluN-a supposed prcvaleoce Qf
scrofula amonB nursfitiKs, led to an
mvesliMalioo, and most of tlm nursn
were found to be syphilitic.
No figures
EPIDEMJCS Of HYl'lULIS ilj
TABLE VI. {Contmuid).
TMrd Period, iSoo-iSjS; Largely in Central Europe.
■ Jn addition to Modes of Communication recorded in the Second Period, are
fQund Epidemics from Vaccination, Circumcision and Venesection.
Due.1 Loalit]'- 1 Rcpanrn.
S.u..onaf..,ion,...
Number Infected,
"lll5"'
UnnninkL
BKEAST-II RAWING — subject of ■ mono-
Rraph. but data tint accessihle, at
either firat or second hand.
No figure..
.So,
cm
Kraksu,
Poland.
Hebrew'infanth. healthy at birth and
ot heallhjr parent-., led lo Ihe di-uoy-
No figures -nn-
probably in
scattered (ocL
SiSia.
Waodl.
"s^SBBBs^SB.
No^figures^ but
iSii Village in
;Wale!i).
'^pfev.ou^episodli"" '^'''""'" '"■""'
Over y, infected.
Rbine pro-
vinces uf
Poluidaod
Ru«l and
JafTc.
ClKCUMLIsiori- the n-asvn in Silesia
and KraliHij wen.' ..nl>- a portion of the
■'"■■'. "'.".■ " ''\;^rllw!w''ln'ir,Ind
No figure..
Lom*'bSrdy
flarbaolini vBcr,niTiT , h.L.l mi.erited syphilis
No figures: but
£1
ADderni>i:h.
Klein |V*cclsATION-beBan ob voccin.i-syph-
Ruihen- illn and cunlinucd thmugb dumcstic
burgj, 1 intecllon.
""'"•-
.a..
LoiX^dy.
Cerlcli.
V*caNArt<,N-l,keNo,.8,
*°[el"" *" '""
Cob lent,
Rh.ni.h
PruMit
Seltegasl
(Hacker).
Lactation -prevailed some time as an
endemic
No figures.
It.,
Condi ]BourgQSne.
ICpi^etdu i(Founiler),
their numlmgs by second method.
.,-,4bs:treasi-
J^P"gJaet.-
(M)
Wilbede«Min|DO>terdi>rf. [LACTATlus — a sltnnKe nurallnR, ba»-'i„ iiiosllynurstoK
(We«<- (HufeUnd). 1 lard of 4i Bokli.r, IjroUKht u, tlie vil- w.imcn.
SYPHILIS JNSONTIUM
TABLE VI. (Continued).
Third Period (Continued).
1
Rfpon™. ' Source of Infection, elc. [ Number Infected,
■| SaonB),
Flanuinde. DOMESTIC — eating and drinking ve«-
(RoUet.) Hla : spread mostly among families
allied bvblnod t<> the people first In
fected : i wldier broug"t the di«..e
\ to the first family.
>j and more
infected.
1B30 'Fredrielis-
Ewertien.
Vaccination vaceiniter syphilitic;
7 infected.
,831 Villaaeain
SchToBvlck
(3») I
t
IBolich-
wiug.)
fresh syjhills' crossing the country
afoot, sharing bcinrd and bed with
thl?l»er!'X"liffn»d thrdi«™4. "'
No flEQres.
•B33
taei
Krakow.
Bierkowski. IcircumcIsiON' ! uver i« infants in-
Over ,«.
•"Sss-."
Gulll.
tlun. Syphilis then spread rapidly
No figures.
(89)
lE^Sis^f^Sh"'
S)
U^fft.l '
Circumcision.
Many infected.
.84 1
(ID)
Lombard)
Tassani.
V A cci NATION —luual features: molh-
iTs, uuraea nnd .ithera fndirectiv in
feeled : s6 vateinated, 33 infected and
*\fi directly.' °"
,.„
«=1F,"'
Alliia.
Vaccination— caoses ..bscuro : pre-
vailed two rears, and chief lesions
Nearly So.
' iif!:::.j"
geniio-anal conilylomata.
ed. others indi-
j l-l\
,:;,.:■ ..■;.:, ;'-v.:;j^s5u;«ij
.45) ■
NMii:S— MiK.l! .■j.i.-i.de: u-.upl-'. directly iafect-
urcs : <>|ioraIor Hutanet. a homrcr- cd.
i,;phVMtinn. fined hy a tribunul. ,
.8,3 'Aj^wm-
(48) BBlBium'.
Joiy.
\ f^f
wHo drew her hreHstB,— Ihu son n doien, perhaps
ctednnumbcri.f nurses, resulting many more,
lactatiun-epldemic. 1
EPIDEMICS PI-- SYPHILIS
TABLE VI. {ConUttutd).
Third Period (Continued).
DMt
Loalily.
R^™
w=„n.f«,i„=.«..
N.»ber^larec,.d.
Aboui
.855
Bleynlc
(Bardinel}.
applied her Infected saliva by aid o(
£S^V';"r."ov"??he"Moit*'"rd?-'".'
No fiEurea : but
J51S
Mollfc and
»S:.'-
MBTItlB,
[Bouvler).
VaccisatIOH— niiecisl fealures ; tube-
13. direct—
y
■857
Rufino,
Galliso.
V*eciNAT10N— no especial features.
.., directly infect-
.857
(60)
^'°'
■od Tan-
brought tbe diseasu to the piace
where it gained a (onting by lacta-
lion : it then existed endemicBlly for
% years, apread chiefly by domestic
contagion, and rendered a tenth of
the inliahitadtB syphilitic.
bers.
Fourth Period. iS^S-iSq^: Oi'rr fin: IViiole World.
Beside the features in llie Third Period there is a reapfic
Cupping as a mode 0/ infection ; and new modes,
Classi/07i/in.£, Tattooing, eti,, etc.
Dmu.
L«^i.y.
Repor-er.
Source or Infmicn
...
NLmber Infe
""'
tfl)
PiaoUnd.
(Hjell.)
^f?nfecled!'Sn'Vfs''bSl'ie
cleansing the L'ups with
fiE£
i«, in round num-
(H)
i?^l
Hielt.
Cumst^same nature as
*■ '" ^ '°'^='
ed.
fSk:
Pelry.
Tattooing— sold iern inf
syphilitic tatcooer.
eted by a
u infected.
■tte
^'i'SSi'rX'
Hjeit.
as Nos. s'
"' '" '" *'''"^'
Bd.
RiTBlIB
(Piedmont
SaldiniaJ,
Italy.
PacchiDtti,
(Ccrisl.)
""S^s — "-'-^
ia^lny tTel
i'meu,'""
sing
SYPfflLlS INSONTWM
TABLE VI. {Continued).
Fourth Period {Continued).
Dau
Imaliiy.
R.p„r„r„
SoumsoC InfKUan, 'If.
N.n.b.,_ial«ted,
(611
Sill
Ricordi,
HAND-FFBOIWOrarlftPASTs,— two Sim
, in one, 1. in the
(iihei.
IBS)
(KoBter'.)'
'?f tXsSi
Uotn of the »B df
recti y infected.
(S»)
"ifjis,"-
<(jumflud.)
Gu .neon* inte^
10. directly infeot-
cd. others In
their boni8«.
(80)
J5j[««™'"
guttrcDKhl.
Sdelniifo.
VAi : those Indi
rei. . imbered the
Dlhe"-
U : of thcM onlj-
1B61
&rii-v.
Glacier.
VAC OT.amidwlfe
llow'tiw vaL.. nephew.
7=. direct.
(88)
(83)
and^Ubflido
Lactation— tv y similar epi
sodes In whlc adlinK infects
its wet nurse., ,...= ^tsotbernnra
lings, l>) tbuHs Infect other nurses,
and to an to live »U of Ticlimi.
••S!,;=;.'gsf
,BS3
(64)
Near Milan.
Ricordi.
EtHEAST-DKAwino — usual featilrefl
nursintt- women infected, and in turn
inEaciiheirnursHnea.
iQOrlj infected.
,863
CM)
S{f£^""
GLASa-B LOWING— few deUils known.
No figures.
....
'' '^«B*'
Be
V CCI -sold' rs ■ Id
-■ Iredt"
USTCB
"
sara N
■■
R
""■ m
sesand
msB).
—
S
~ ~
aed.
W
'r^ui*""'
EPIDEMJCS OF sypHrLIS
TABLE VI. (CoHtiniicdy
Fourth Period (Continued).
Due
Locality.
..^.»
Soane o( lolecrion. etc.
Namber Infected.
Aboa
Hnhhard.
eral volunteers and citlienF appeared
to receive syphilid through virus ob-
Uinod from SoBthem dew rters, which
was certainly not vaccine.
•Hoodrads."
1)66
[Sa'caroU-
feSr
VlLc.ls.inoN— one hundred and fiftj
rc.ipU- ..fall nges, who had been vac
toms, and were cured by specifli-
■ 366
Uorbfban,
Depanl and
V.ACCINATION — perfonnei] by a mid
"Sa-"'"-
1866
1S67
Cardeillac.
(Pournfer.)
"is?"'"-"-'
Astragal
Calibera.
Cantiluna.
Lactatio.-* — Infected nurslinff, from
Y> infeoled.
.»6t
CailelU-
RoSiv?ys
Lower Italy.
Taclurri.
LaCTatios— a speeial invaatisaiion by
T.ol remote effects ofturmereiii Jem.
siSii pf N "^"fhe »""onU had'betn'IS:
demie tor ac years, and was known as
"sheep-piix.
No flgnres.
[SI}
Vienna.
Ua3*-l"'°'
ClKcJtlMCLSlON — not known j[ fri.m a
single focus, or foilale.l Matislita.
Overjoinfanu.
■e«8
MnnllUfDn
'"SRVer).
France.
;Guinand.)
'''l"imr"y'o^c*^«7.'TheMm''e?c'lr"ye"r^
hiler had nddcd over ,j vielinisbyea-
Irrisiiin of Ihe original malady.
17, in all <ii work-
men. 5 wives).
J^ler report,
Nievile!
itSiT"*''
" ivoT.^cn'hn.f bli-n' infectc!l"by n' """^
liriKi (.di.pled <.r received from the
l-lorfni:u Fi'imdliiiK .Asylum : here, a^
in the prrcclliiK' It is not clear
that of Kivaltatso. s;° " "
"tfone'd.' °"^
.B6,
(M)
Scblelnili ,
Stvria),
Austria.
Ko^evar.
"SSIS:
.8,0
Pinme,
Aasirian
taly.
Mori.
VACClNATlo.-i-Nothing unusual.
"il"-""'""-
.l;o
Paris.
Pournler
and otneis.
^pfiiirs''anr'onrhis patient^"'"""'*
'^l"'dir''ec?i^''iL"
_«T)
•InnUnd,"'
HSrdh.
CUFTINC-Bame fealurea as fjos, ,. and
.or more.
SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
TABLE VI. (Con/inued).
Fourth Periei iCmtinued).
D«^,
Lo..,,
..p^.™
Source at Inftclt
„,«c.
Number Intcclcd,
etc.
1B73 iBsrdellBanil
a>jrmanii.)
V.c„,„,o..
NoflEn™.
'8J3
(SB)
Al»aadri^
Penla.
v*a
iii, dlrecUy.
flWl
ITmnLand.
Spoof.
cur.
17 ot more.
■t-7J
(91)
France.
Bardinet.
n
peered Wi_._.
VAt-ClXATIOK —
!. Who had
led : the lir»l
ar v<ldet «-
m)
pSr
Freund.
Is were rc-
.Sgirla.
9*)
Philndelphia
Manry and
Dullis.
Josias;"""
TArTtlOlKG-SDldl.t*
syphilitic Uttooer
iafeEted by a
.S viciima.
(B4)
Paris.
rATTUUlNti— llkaLhe pr
ceding.
, infected.
Si
London.
^?;'aDd*o'™.po«?v'Sy''
emlCB.m which
.1 iDfeeted.
(BJ)
Tourcoring,
Nord',
[l^loit™'""'
BHEAHT-DRAWI kg- iuil
11 hatures.
inlnaU.
(OS)
Algiers
D.^s]«rdiu5
Knnviellt
Lam-___
HtEbery.
Uimt.'
VacciSatiun— French
od native sol
iS infected.
(flB)
K™S,
''a^^r''a'"kn'oSn:"'""
e French c«es
S, directly infecl-
(IMl'MnKTimd. '
' l^ai-H biamidJi'tB, .
i'liecied by Ihcirwirc
3SS
nL^^borlTl. '
EPIDEMICS OF SYnilLIS 1^3
TABLE V]. {Continued).
Fourth Period {Continued).
Omu.
L™li9-
«.,^„
Saiuccaf lolEction, etc.
Numbtr Infgctcd,
00*)
*&
TopljaKhin.
a female pracIilioner.berKlf InFeGlei:
from a client: in remove forel^
6B, Intal (34 di-
rect).
<!•*)
«
(Arthur.)
TATTOOl.-iO-uiuul fealuret
.6,ntected.
("••1
London.
Barker.
'eEE=^^""^""-'-^*'
" ""I"""'*-
.88,
(107)
Rauta.
tenia its.
36 infected.
(108)
RnulB.
P.lfu^.II.
Cui'l'lMl: «el tupping by peasant wo-
man producmg chancres on the bai:k
It infected.
<10»1
'Eia,.
Ju^Uky.
DoMESTit:: g small cpidemicti intto-|a and more,
duced by dry nurses a iBburer in-i
(110)
BlaueheL
El'stalhlas-Catiietekizai ids - a 1 1 .i? cases infected,
by the «me cpe^.or. i
Numerous other sm<
which would be mc-e
many of them, howeve
of lacking some feature
It is not desired to giv
necessary to illustrate t
small epidemics from
would be presented, su
Pellizzari, Taylor. M
Tt will be seen from
spread of syphilis to a n
demies, each of which
the cause had 'not been
or foundation, no less t
lions, beginning with c
terization. It will be f
cases mentioned in this
each instance, is consid
number is, moreover, q
statement oO frequentl)
no actual figures bein^
11 epidemics might be added to this Table
repetitions of those already mentioned;
r, being inferior to those given, by reason
in the accuracy of facts, or in reporting,
more small episodes of one kind than is
le mode of transmission; otherwise, many
actation, breast-drawing and circumcision
ch as those found in the writings of Dron,
4TLAK0WSKI, KfiDOTOKf. and others,
his table that these occasions of the sudden
umber of persons, forming miniature cpi-
might have extended even more widely if
recognized and removed, had as their basis
lan a dozen different processes or opera-
pping and ending with Eustachian cathe-
irther seen that the total number of actual
table, taking the lowest figures named in
rably over 3,000 individuals affected; this
iiite exclusive of those referred to in the
made that a large number were infected,
given. When wo further consider that
"4 SypuiUS INSONTIUM
these are only some of the accessible reports which have been
published; and also that it is improbable that even more than a
share of the instances of such epidemics have ever appeared in
print; and finally that only a portion of the individuals ultimately
infected could ever be counted, it can readily be understood how
wide has been the spread of syphilis by innocent means, how
many, many thousands have been the sufferers from syphilis tnion-
Hum appealing now and again in epidemic form.
3W in almost every
different degrees in
ices it has presented,
characters more or
I are known by quite
se, moreover, have been
Syphilis may be said to
nation and race on the giuuv
various localities; in some
and even to the present
less peculiar, which have been and
different names ; these phases of the t
and are ;-"et considered by some writers to be entirely distinct
maladies. In reality, however, syphilis is undoubtedly one disease,
the world over, and, under proper circumstances, runs a more or
less similar course and presents analagoiis phenomena. The
poison is one and the sjime, lurking here and there, only awaiting
the proper soil in which to germinate and flourish anew.
Endemic syphilis has resulted both from the continuance of the
disease in a community, in a more or less masked and sporadic
form, after and from epidemics such as have just been mentioned,
and, also from tlic gradual and slow introduction of the poison by
chance person.s and metliuils, at times when the extending influ-
ence has been sli-ht, anil tile circle affected has been more or less
limited. But in one way and another .'ivphilis has been propa-
gated in dilferent lucalilies until large numbers have been infected,
and until its manifold nKHiifc.stalious in various countries and
among dilTcrcnt peuple have fuially been recognized and isolated
from other disca.'ics inidi.r panituhtr names, ruiacing very com-
monly to the place whcci.- the malady lir.-.t appeared or where it
,y|)liil
cpide,
ENDEMIC SYPHILIS— SIBBENS Iz;
subject. It is to be remembered that while earlier writers wen
frequently most careful obser\'ers and very accurate recorders
the synthetic knowledge of syphilis is of relatively recent date
and it is highly probable that yet greater advances and discoverie:
in syphilology will follow, even in our own day.
We may now briefly mention, as far as possible in chronolog
ical order, or in the order in which they have been described
some of the endemic occurrences of syphilis as they have beei
determined by later research. Some of the instances reckoned ai
endemic by certain writers have been includud in the preccdinj
table of Epidemics, more properl)', as it is thought, and arc there
fore omitted here: such are the Afal de Brunn, 1577; Mai de St
Euphemie, 1727; Fian de Nerac, 175J, and Mai de CAavaiiite-Lure
182S.
1. Sibbans (Siewens, Sivvens, i6go). The earliest to bi
observed of these endemic diseases which are now recognized ti
be syphilis is the Sihbens or Siewens of the west of Scotland
which was first noted in 1690. The mode of introduction of th'
disease is unknowc, but all accounts agree in regard to the fac
of its being most frequently communicated by eating and drink
ing from the same utensils with those affected, from smoking th'
same pipe, also in nursing, and by hereditary transmission. Bf.ll,
who gives the fullest description of it, from personal observation
states that it rarely appeared on the genitals, and that it was no
regarded as a venereal disease. At one time, says he, ■■ Th
disease had spread to such an alarming extent that more tha
three-fourths of the inhabitants were Infected and many of th
more delicate, particularly 3-oung children, died under it. Thi
had gone on for many years, when by the exertions of the clerg>
man of the parish, it was entirely removed in the course of a shoi
time. He went personally to every individual in his parish ;in
convinced them of the propriety of applying for medical assist.inc
immediately on the disease breakmg out, which they agreed to ih
more readily from their being sensible that all of them had gi
the disease in the most innocent manner." Adams' also studic
Sibbens personally and gives a very thorough rcsumO of the wrii
ings of others; he concluded that it was not syphilis, or ventre;
1*6 SYPHILIS IHSONTIUM
disease, as the lesions were so rarely found on the genital region,
and gonorrhaa was absent. He quotes from Mr, Hill the most
perfect description of chancre of the lip, resulting "when the
infection is communicated by a fou! pipe or spoon."
a. RadBtyge (1710). The earliest notice of this disease, which
has long prevailed in Norway, is found in a letter of Von See, .
physician in charge of the sanitary service at Christiansand ; h
reported to the government that during, 1743 and 1744 be had
treated a large number < ' — •- — * ■•'■ ".adesyge at Egersund, a
fishing village on the so In 1758, Honoratus
BoNNEViE was ordered to and Stavanger, 38 miles
further north, to investi) in question. He found
that it had begun in the 1709 and 1710, when a
Russian war-vessel had » being brought on shore
by some Norwegian worn ereal ulcers and virulent
sore-throat; the peasants gave it t . ^ of Radesyge, signifying
foul disease. About the same tin Danish vessel coming from
the East Indies brought the same malady to the other port, where
it was named ■' Maladie d' Egersund."
Radesyge spread rapidly through Norway and Sweden, so that
according to Borck,' several parish priests reported from one to
two hundred affected in each of the parishes, the disease being
spread principally by nursing; one of them says, "The diseased
infants have been nursed by healthy women, who have thus be-
come immediately infected; or, women having the dissease have
suckled healthy inf.int.s, who, attacked in turn, have infected their
parents." It was also recognized as communicated through the
agency of the .saliva, as on knives and spoons.
The great prevalence of the disease may be judged from the
fact that during tlie five years preceding iSjC, there were no less
than i(i.<>S5 paticnls witJi .syphilis and radesyge admitted to the
government hospitals in Sweden;' the malady was still found to
lie ciininninii.alcd by other means than sexual intercourse in the
larger priip*n-ti(in of cases, except in the military hospitals.
This disea.se has been the stihject of mucli investigation and
tlisciissioii, [uiii its literature is considerable; in 1771 a Commis-
sion from Ilie College of Medicine in Cnpcnhagen, reported that,
excluding cases nf leprosy or sjiedalskhed, with which it had been
ENDEMIC syp/flUS—AMBOYNA PCSTULE l^^
frequently confounded, true radesyge could always be traced to
syphilitic infection, as Boeck, Sprakel,' and others' have since
shown very conclusively. The symptoms of radesyge as described
by BoECK and others correspond so closely to those seen in late
and hereditary syphilis, that they need not be detailed here, and
the pictures illustrating the disease which have been published by
Behrend, Rust, Willis, Nolte. and other:, iL'ave no doubt as
to the identity of the disease in question with syphilis. Hans
MuKK who had charge of a hospital in Stavanger, in 1799, states
that under the name radesyge were included: 1. Syphilis inson-
tium, or sibbens ; 2. Spedalskhed or leprosy ; and 3. Other malig-
nant sores. He proposed to reject the name radesyge altogether
and to employ the term sibbtns to represent the secondary and ter-
tiary phenomena of syphilis, which strictly speaking constitute that
disease.
3. Mmbofna pustule (Boutons d'Amboine; Pocken amboyneuse,
1 718). In the year 1718 J. Bontius' described an endemic disease
existing in Amboyna, and other islands in the Malay Archipelago,
which from our knowledge of similar appearances in other countries,
is now recognized as undoubted syphilis. It was thought then to
resemble venereal disease, but this idea was excluded on account
of its arising and being transmitted quite independently of sexual
intercourse; it was, however, treated most successfully by the
remedies employed in venereal disease, principally by mercurj'.
Bontius says, " In its symptoms it resembles venereal disease,
but there is, however, this difference, that the maladj- may arise
and be transmitted quite independently of sexual intercourse. In
this disease there are formed on the face, the arms, the legs,
eruptions of tophus, that is, tumors, hard and scirrhous at first,
and afterwards abundant on the entire body, and affecting the
palms and soles; if the masses begin to ulcerate a viscid, gummy
material exudes, which is acid and irritating, and a deep ulcer
results with hard edges. This horrible and disgusting disease
resembles the lues venerea except that there are not such great
pains, and caries of the bones does not so readily occur, except in
neglected cases."
The cause of the malady was ascribed to the climate, diet, and
Spwk.i.
Dc niotbo qu
dicll
rRid«.ygt. H
SccLan
— Alrta
Syphili.. Sy.
B«.<.v>.
dn. lad
rum
ciltd by R.y«
xs8
SYPHILIS INSOiVTIVM
Other agencies, but no one reading the account of the disease can
doubt that this was untreated syphilis insantium, a view taken by
Rayer and other authorities.
4. Oiaaaae of St. Paul's Ba/ (Mai de la baie de St. Paul ; Mai de
chicot; Mai anglais. 1760). This disease is said to have appeared
at first on the banks of Lake Huron, in 1760, and to have devel-
oped among the inhabitants at St. Paul's Bay on the St- Lawrence '
River, in 1780. It spread in a few years over the greater part of
Canada, and committed ''"" — ~"""—7ng certain Indian tribes; i
in 1785 it was known th were suffering from tha t
The first symptoms
aphthous sores on the li^
more rarely on the genit; '
such virulence, that it in
or drank from thu same glass, m
also communicated hy the linen
mitted it to their children, and tl
entered a family
and all age:
SwEDiAUR,' were small, 1
avity of the mouth, and ]
on from these sores had {
ale with the same fork,
d the same pipe ; it was
ig, etc. Fathers trans-
leir nurses ; when it once
ly spared a single indi\'idua!; both sexes
illy attacked. The disease was also com-
municated by coitus. The description given of the progress and
symptoms of the disease as it affected individuals, corresponds
closely to our present knowledge of sypliilia, and resembles greatly
the accounts given of the spread of syphilis hy the writers of the
fifteenth century.
5. Morbus dithmare/isis {M^Tsh Krankheit; Marsksygdom; Mala-
die de Diim:irsh, 1785). In Holstein there appeared during the
latter jKirt ni the eiybtueiith century, an endemic disease which
had hillicrtu btcn iinknown there and which slowly made exten-
sive iav:i:.;ts Ai'.cirding to most of the reports of the Royal Sani-
tary t'oniini^-iiMii it :i|ipeared to have begun during and after the
buiidi;!:,; lil i!i-.- irnw)! prince's cmbankmctit, between the years
i7.'^5 ,iuil 17N;; il v\:ls ihnu-hl tn have been ini])orted by the
■ the
^- the No'
. then
ESDE.MIl- SYl'inUS-FACAl-DlNA lag
who lived in the low, marshy lands, and in squalor, but even
affecting the well-to-do land owners and burghers. Struve,' who
lived in Elmshorn, in Holstein, wrote extensively on the subject,
and while he recognized the similarity of the malady to what was
known as venereal disease, endeavored to show that it was 3
different affair, partly because although evidently contagious, it
was most seldom spread by sexual intercourse. He saw whole
families infected and recognized that ' ' the disease was spread by
intimate contact, through the tise of the same eating and drinking
utensils, by towels used in common, also by kissing and pipe-
smoking, " He also states that the disease appears to be acquired
by hereditary transmission. The description and course of the
disease, as he depicts it, leaves no question as to its syphilitic
nature, modified quite possibly, as in the case of radesyge, scherl-
jevo, and other of these endemic forms, by scorbutic, malarial, or
other agencies.
6. Faealdina ( 1 786). This endemic was first developed in a
little town of 800 inhabitants on the border of the Tyrol, named
Facaldo, from which it derived its name, and spread more or less
rapidly to several neighboring villages. According to Zecchi-
NELLi,' who described it, it was believed to have been imported by
a beggar woman suffering from venereal itch, wart.s, and ulcers
of the genitals. Like many of the epidemics early described, this
included a number of diseases, it being specially associated with
scabies. Marriages especially contributed to spread the disease,
which attacked adults and children, manifesting itself by deep
ulcers of the skin and throat, serpiginous eruptions of the neck
and shoulders, gummy tumors and osteocopic pains, but rarely
exostoses. It was cured by a mercurial treatment, and Sigmund'
who studied the disease both in Vienna and in the regions where
it is perpetuated, recognized it as syphilis. Makcolim,' writing
in 1829, regarded it as a variety of the Scherljevo, next to be
described.
7. Se/ierijevo {Malo di Scarlievo; Mai de Fiume, 1790). In llie
year 1800 a medical commission was sent by the Government .U
Fiume to the village at Scherljevo, three miles from the coast of
130 SYPHILIS tNSONTIUM
the Adriatic and eight miles east of Fiume, to investigate a new
contagious disease of unknown character which had appeared
there.
Several different accounts are given in regard to its first intro-
duction, but all agree in referring it substantially to persons
returning from the Turkish war in 1790; these communicated the
disease first to those immediately around them, by whom it was
further spread, not only in that village but also through the neigh-
boring districts, where it remains more or less to the present day.
The Scherlievo propagated itself with such rapidity, that Cam-
BiERi, who was one of the Commission, states that out of 39,000
inhabitants in that district, there were no less ihan 6,000 affected
in the highest degree, and almost 8,000 others affected in a milder
degree. Large hospitals were established for the disease, and
strict sanitary visitation was made, with a result of arresting its
progress in a great measure. But, for various reasons the sani-
tary restrictions became neglected, and again the disease increased.
Another strict siir\-eillance was then made, when among 131,484.
inhabitants there were found 2,972 cases of undoubted Scherlievo,
and 1,194 in whom the disease was suspected. Pernhoffeb,' who
was physician to the Scherlievo hospital at Portor^, reports that
14,395 cases had been received in the hospital from its opening in
1818 to 1859; thenumberof cases of the disease had steadily dimin-
ished, from about i,aoo 3-early at first, to but 107 during the latter
year. The disease was carefully studied by Dr. Cambier[,° who
was sent by the Government and from whose report the following
description, as it first appeared, is abridged.
The disease is described as beginning with pains in the bones,
worse at night ; the voice becomes harsh, and deglutition difficult,
the throat, tongue and tonsils are red and covered with aphthous
patches, which give off a purulent secretion, others ulcerate and
produce much destruction. A general eruption of pustules, or
papules, of coppery color occurs, especially on the forehead, scalp,
back of ears, also on the limbs and body; this eruption maybe
followed by one composed of tubercles, and serpiginous patches,
covered with indolent crusts with a hard areola, and, later, caries
of the bones may occur, etc, Slercury was found to be the most
efficient remedy.
ENDEMIC SYPHILIS— MAL Dl BRENO iji
The poison was comniunicated by contact, by the use of uten-
sils and clothes, and was also supposed to be given by the breath
and by sleeping with those affected: Michahelles,' writing in 1833,
states that it was not comma nicateil by coitus once in a hundred cases.
It spared neither age nor sex, but was not observed to be acquired
the second time. Nurses frequently gave it to infants whom they
suckled. The disease has been observed and described by many
writers, among them Sigmund' in 1855, and is at the present time
universally acknowledged to be syphilis, either in an acquired or
hereditary form, as may be judged from the above original descrip-
tion. All agree, however, that, as is the case in regard to these com-
mon or popular names of disease, many other maladies are often
included under that of Schcrljevo, the more common of these being
leprosy, scabies, lupus. scrofuloderma, and other skin-affections.
8. IKal di Breno (1790). About the same year in which the
malady was obser\-ed at Scherlievo a very similar endemic broke
out in the little town of Breno,' at the foot of the Rhoetian Alps,
in Lombardy. According to Michahelles it was brought there by
a French pirate, but did not spread far beyond the valley in which
Breno is situated. As the description is very like that just quoted
of Scherljevo, we need not dwell longer on this affection.
9. Frenga (iSio). In Servia* there has been known, since the
year 1810, an endemic affection by the name of /«h^ii, which must
undoubtedly be cJa.ssed with those already dcscrihed. It is con-
tagious, characterized by multiple uk-eratiims, rebellious in char-
acter, seated about the face, nose and buccal cavity, and accom-
panied by pain in the bone.s. Sig.muso,' in 1855, recognized frenga
as old and untreated syphilis, pos.sibly associated with scrofula:
mercury and iodide of potassium formed the best treatment for the
malady.
10. Spiroco/an (Spyrokolon, 1810). Under this name, there
prevailed a similar disease in Greece which was especially noticed
between the years 1820 and 1825. This disease, which has since
been recognized as syphilis,* was described as especially charac-
1 Mkli»he]l«. D» M.i dl Soulitvn. Niimterg, ,8];. p. jj.
■StIcmuDd. UnunuchuDEfn lllirr die Skcrlirvo wuchi, cti:. ZciVKitull ilt! K. K. Ccu^U. d.
Acme. Wfid, iSs5— RqIIci, I. c p. 463.
• OeUEIT. Mediiin-jKhrb. V. Hclt.il p. 11— Lummui loc. cit, val. [., p. 41.
* GamberioL Muiu^e dc]U iruilatlie cuLaaer, MibULt, rS?!, p. 39J-
132 SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
terized by the abundance of ulcerated raucous patcnes about the
anus ; this, Jullien ' remarks, need not cause surprise, considering;
the number of persons there, of both sexes, who were addicted to
sodomy.
It. Morula (Button Scurvy, 1835). Au affection, which has
prevailed in Ireland for many years under the above name is de-
scribed by Cokr[gan' as follows: Small papules arise, smooth,
shiny, and slightly elevated, which become scaly and then enlarge
until they form suppurating tubercular masses, covered with
crusts: the mouth is also affected. The disease was contagious
and was thought to be communicated by the use of clothing or of
sleeping with those affected. It was universally treated with
mercury. This disease was considered bj' Wallace' of Dublin
as identical with -Sibbens and Schcrlicvo, and as undoubtedly
a syphilis, which had become so modified as to lose its power of
exciting certain of the phenomena commonly observed,
\2. Mai Kabyle (L^pre Kabyle, 1862). This disease, which is
frequent in Northern Africa, is thus described by Vincent,' who
was for two years resident physician at the hospital in Dellys,
on the coast of Algeria. Beginning with nocturnal pains, deep
ulcerations follow, on the arms, shoulders, back, and face, with
corj'za and destruction of the bones of the nose ; perforations
of the palate occur, also exostoses of the tibia, etc. ; he expresses
the opinion that the disease does not differ in any way, except in
severity, from the vI/a/jVfl/o///B/n, which the Italian physicians of
the 15th Century had described under the name Afai Fratifait,
which we now know to have been syphilis, beyond a doubt.
Other observers agree also as to its syphilitic nature.
Several writers speak of the great infrequenoy of primary sores
among the Arabs of Algiers, and Vixlext states that ihe most fre-
quent mode of communicating the Mai Kabyle was by the mouth,
as on glasses and objects used in common ; hereditj' was also rec-
ognized as a very frequent cause of transmission. Arnulo,' who
was assoL-iated with Vincent in the hospitid at Dellys, regards the
disease as almost entirely hereditary syphilis, it having been un-
treated and transmitted for many generations. He states that
ENDEMIC SYPUIUS—SYFHILOID 133
one-fifth or one-quarter of the patients were children, from those
at the breast to the limits of adolescence. He, also, found primary
sores very rare, and the lesions most commonly presented by lepre
Kabyle were ulcerated gummata. situated mainly on the shoulders
and extremities.
13. Yaag-msy-tchoang (1863). In China' there has been known
by this name, for an indefinite period, hundreds of years, a disease
which is verj' contajjious and may be communicated without
venereal contact; but it is also recognized as resulting often from
imperfectly -cured venereal disease. It commences with fever
and pains in the limbs, followed by an eruption of papules,
beginning in the groins and extending gradually over the entire
body. At first small, these lesions increase insensibly in size,
become covered with scales and blackish crusts, fuse together, and
make masses which are likened to a raspberry (franiboesia) ; in
each group one tumor larger than the others may be recognized,
from which flows a serous and fetid material, which forms the
crusts. Mercury is recommended for the cure, both in the form
of omtmenl and also by means of vaporised inhalations.
Excellent descriptions of chancres are given in the work of
Dabry referred to, which is simply a translation of Chinese
writings, ancient and modern, with the statement that in addition
to the genital region they may also be found in the mouth, throat
and nose ; but syphilis as a disease does not seem to be understood,
nor are the mucous patches about the mouth and throat, which are
very accurately described, recognized as L<mtagious.
14. S//iA/7o/rf (of Courland. 1757, of Juil.md. 1777, of Lithuania,
1780, of Hesse, 1800, of Esthunia, i«o5, Kieinrussische Syphiloid.
1858).
Under the name of syphiloid, there have existed endemic diseases
in the regions above mentioned, and others, for many j'ears, and,
while they have been thought to resemble syphilis in many re-
spects, they have generally been regarded as in s<pme manner
different; but in later years their i^lcntity with syphilis has been
established beyond a doubt. Of these Courland. Lithuania, and
Esthonia are Baltic provinces and adjacent to one another. Bol-
sCHWiNQ,' who was a parish physician in Courland, describes very
fullj'the disease as seen there, under the name " Syphilis iinHiificala\'
134 SyPlllUS INSONTIUM
he mentions as the first and principal distinguishing mark between
this and ordinary syphilis, the fact that "chancre of the genitals
occurs in such very exceptional cases, that the acquiring of the
disease by sexual intercourse is a ver)' unusual event." The
" Kleinrussische or Polish Syphiloid." which has long prevailed in
the inland provinces of Poltava, Tchernigou, and Kiew, in south
of Russia, and also in Podalsk and Volhynia. and throughout Po-
land, has recently been described and portrayed by Hubbenet,'
and recognized unquestionably as syphilis, although presenting
certain unusual features. He describes the disease as mainly con-
sisting of mucous papules, whose origin is often unrecognizable,
at least not attributable to any preceding chancre, and generally
occurring alone and apparently without any other syphilitic symp-
toms; in some villages a large number were affected at once, and
it was specially frequent among children.
The Syphiloid of Jutland is perhaps the most interesting of this
group. In 1777 Dr. Lii.lie' was sent to Denmark to examine the
disease, and he thought that it was to be distinguished from true
sj-philis by the fact that gonorrhtea was rarely seen among those
affected. In 1 835 Van Deurs,' of Aalborg in Denmark, made a care-
ful study and report of the disease, and, while it was known to be
communicated by sextial intercourse, he dwells upon the fact of
its being constantly acquired by the common use of spoons, drink-
ing glasses, pipes, etc. ; young and old were infected, although
young people and children seemed particularly susceptible to the
disease. His description embraces almost all the well-known
symptoms of syphilis, and need not be detailed here. He regarded
the disease as analagous to Sibben.'i, Radcsygc, and other affec-
tions above described ; the name sypiiili! insonliiim. however, which
had been applied by Hans Mf\K' to Radesyge, he does not think
as suitable an appellation as syphiloid, which, as he expresses it,
"may not only reproduce itself as a syphiloid, but may, under
certain conditions, give rise to primary cases of true syphilis, even
as varioloid can occasion true smallpox."
15. Framboesia (Vaws, Pian). After a study of the disease-con-
ditions thus far spoken of in this chapter, it is not very difficult to
discern in all the descriptions of Yaws, given by different writers,
^~rn„i,|«.„,.,. I>„. [|v,.l»thl. >m<l i\^ K.ptr. m U^r 5,,>hilk U^me. .85^ p. So. '~
1 [.lllir-tiKdUy RnllTl. Trail* d»Ml]fldi«vin*rlcni.B.. Paris, iSdt, |i ,75.
• Van IKim. Jour, tor KrA. og ChinrrE..i8n. llchnndV Syphilidol^VoL V., .8«,, p. ,3^
ENDEMIC sypJi/LJS—J-fiAAfBOES/A 13S
data which point, almost incontestibly, to the fact that this affec-
tion is connected with or dependent upon the syphilitic poison.
The subject is a large one, and the literature relating to it is
extensive, and a full consideration of the disease and the opinions
respecting it would lead beyond the scope of the present work; it
must be stated, however, that while the French, and most of the
German writers, regard it as undoubtedly syphilitic, many others,
and among them some who have observed the disease personally,
hold that it is an affection stii generis and different entirelj' from
spyhilis. Pontoppidan,' of Copenhagen, who has made one of
the most recent personal studies of the disease, holds that it is
non-syphilitic, and gives the following condensed description of
the disease; which, however, is certainly suggestive of syphilis
and of the eruptions previously described:
"Yaws is a contagious disease of the skin which appears
without any essential disturbance of the general health, in the
form of small papules appearing beneath the epidermis; when
they reach the size of peas they became covered with an epidennal
mass, and the roimd, elevated, nummular tumors acquire a thick,
pulpy, adherent, yellowish crust much resembling a dirty ivory
counter, or a smooth, round, cheesy button. When this crust is
removed a moist, reddened but not ulcerated, elevated surface is
seen, appearing like a mucous papule, and when it is much ele-
vated and exuberant, or treated with irritating applications, it has a
distinct resemblance to a raspberry. When the tumors are in the
ano-genital region, they may resemble mucous patches of severe
degree; but on places more or less exposed to the air, where they
are principally situated, as on the face and extremities, they have
always the dirty-yellow, smooth crust,"
Yaws have been communicated by experimental inoculation,
and when so induced, the wound inflames, and is thereafter cov-
ered with a brownish scab, beneath which there is a small sore
depressed in the centre, with raised edges, giving out ichor."
Charlouis,' a Dutch physician in the island of Java, has also
made a recent study of framboesia there and believes it to be a
separate disease distinct from syphilis ; he had seen recent syphilis
develop from a chancre in two case^i (one of them experimentally
136 SYPHILIS LVSOXTICAf
inoculated), which presented lesions of a characteristic framboesia,
previously existing.
More research is required to determine the matter with cer-
tainty, for from the description given of the malady by different
observers, it is probable ihat several disease-conditions have at
times been included under the designations framboesia, yaws,
and pian; and one cannot help the conviction that many of the
cases so named have been syphilis, modified, perhaps, as in other
instances, by race, climate, etc.
16. Aleppo evil, Biskra bouion. Chancre du Sahara, Caneotica,
Delhi Sore, Scinde boil, Parangi. Under these and other names
there are known in the various countries of the East, as Syria,
Northern Africa, Crete, India, and Ceylon, a disease or diseases,
manifesting mainly cutaneous lesions, chronic in character, slowly
ulcerating, and corresponding more or less perfectly to the well-
known appearance presented by late syphilis. The pictures given
by WiLLKMiN,' of the Aleppo Evil, andbyVANUVKF. Carter 'of the
Biskra Bonton, Caneotica, and Aleppo Evil, are certainly so
strongly suggestive of late syphilis that it is difficult to believe
that they are other than this protean disease, modified, as we have
seen, in the above descriptions, by race, climate, etc. Geuer,'
after spending some time in Aleppo, and studying clinically a con-
siderable number of patients with the so-called Aleppo Boil or
Evil, came to the conclusion that no such special endemic disease
existed, but that the cases thus called were lupus, or the mani-
festations of syphilis, or scrofula, both of whii.'h were very frequent,
modified by peculiarities in race, climate, etc. All researches go
to show that syphilis is very prevalent in the localities named, as
also in other parts of the world.
The above-mentioned endemic manifestations of syphilis by no
means represent all of the instances where the disease has spread
widely among a people or community; they are given rather as
the best described examples of how syphilis may be introduced
and gain a great footing long before its true nature is known. In
the endemics here referred to a loe;il name early became attached
to the malady, which was nut recognized to be syphilitic until
at a later period; and of this, other similar instances could be
ENDEMIC SYPm US—ALEPPO EVIL 137
adduced, such as the Boala of Roumania, Maladie de Berrahof
and Lepra Siberka in Siberia. Tonga in New Zealand, etc.. etc.
Syphilis is also widely recognized in many countries under its
own proper name, or under equivalent desij^nations, but in many,
if not in most localities the date and method nf its introduction
and dissemination have not been specially recorded, if indeed they
are at all known.
In looking over the accounts given of the disea.'ie, both those
represented by the above abstracts, and the descriptions of sypli-
ilisas it has been observed in other lands, one is .struck by the
diversity of conditions under which it has spread and the varietj'
of forms imder which it has been obser\"ed; it is, therefore, only
by the synthetic study of the disease, as occurring in different
countries, with diverse influences of race, climate, food, and other
circumstances, that a true and full knowledge of its course and
manifestations can be obtained. Thus, in many places we find
writers very positive that the primary sores were not often pre-
sented to their observation, and in very many localities the disease
was known to be propagated almost wholly by non-venereal means.
In some regions it has been observed to expend much of its viru-
lence in the mouth and throat, especially in the colder climates
of Scotland, Norway, and Canada, a,s observed in the Sibbens,
Radesyge, and Disease of St. Paul's Bay; while in warmer regions
the skin suffers most from its ravages, as in the Scheriievo, Mai de
Kabyle, and Amboyna pustule, seen in Dalmatia, Northern Africa,
and the Molucca Islands respectively.
In all of these epidemic and endemic developments of syphilis,
a certain similarity can be discerned, and a more or less definite
course has repeatedly been ob.served : it will be noted that many
of those recording them report a certain resemblance of the
particular outbreak to some other previous endemic affection
occurring elsewhere, such as the Sibbens, Scheriievo, Framboesia,
etc., and many writers compare the phenomena observed, to those
reported in connection with the celebrated outbreak of syphilis at
the close of the 15th century. As, in the epidemic in the isth
century, the disease became mitigated in .severity, so that it did
not retain the pestilential character for more than .seven years.' so
in the case of most of the subsequent epidemics and endemics,
13S SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
the malady seemed to die out gradually, as far as concerned its
immediate and very frequent propagation ; but, on the other hand,
syphilis remained in a relatively mild and non-pestilential form, in
many of the countries mentioned, and may still be observed in
them, as indeed it now exists over a large portion of the globe.
The reason for this diminution in severity, in its epidemic and
endemic forms, is readily understood in the light of our present
knowledge of syphilis; the disease reaches, in a certain sense, a
self -limitation, dependent on facts such as the following;
t. All are not equally susceptible to the sj'philitic vims, and
some persons, probably, never can be infected; a. Many persons
are never exposed to the disease, as it is communicated only by
direct or indirect contact with the virus; j. With rare exceptions,
the disease can be acquired but once, and 4. The influence of
heredity from syphilitic parents greatly limits the susceptibility
to infection, and, it is believed, modifies the disease when acquired.
Thus it can be seen readily, that in a virgin soil the disease might
make great progress in a short time, and then, in a large measure,
cease, owing to the infection of most of those directly exposed to
it; it being further propagated only as chance shall bring it fresh
victims, or as circumstances shall bring the poison to those who
had previously escaped.
That the danger of such sudden extensions of syphilis by inno-
cent means extends even to our own time, may be learned at a
glance from the table of epidemics of the disease given in the first
part of this chapter, where it is seen that certain of these have
occurred even very recently. As a single example may be men-
tioned an epidemic which occurred in the village of Capistrello,
not far from Naples, Italy, as late as 1857.' The disease had
existed in the community unrecognized for eight years, and had
consequently been imtrcatcd, and, when it was investigated by
the sanitary officers, it was found that among a population of three
thousand persons, no less than three hundred individuals, men,
women, infants, and old men. had been infected. The epidemic
had started from a single infant brought to the town with heredi-
tary syphilis, who communicated it to its wet-nurse, and then to
others who had relations with them, mainly through the agency
of household utensils; no mention is made of any communication
of the disease through illicit intercourse.
■ Aopaleide dtmiJiiulogie il dc Sxphiligraphic, iS6/, p. 15B.
ENDEMIC SYPHILIS 139
In many of the accounts of epidemic and endemic syphilis we
find descriptions mainly of the later tubercular and ulcerative
lesions, and in some regions it is claimed that these are the only*
ones obser\-ed, no mention being made of the earlier phases, the
macular, papular, and pustular eruptions, with which all are
now familiar as commonly recognized in the disease. This may
be explained satisfactorily on several grounds, such as the follow-
ing: ist. The earlier eruptions may have escaped the attention of
the patient, and not have been presented to the physician, as is
often the case at the present time; 2nd, The connection between
the primary sore, the earlier eruptions, and the later manifesta-
tions of syphilis were not then generally known and recognized;
3d, It is quite possible that, for reasons unknown to us, the earlier
expressions of the disease were much lighter in olden times or
nnder special conditions, than they are apt to be now ; 4th, Patients
naturally applied for the relief of the more severe, chronic, and
destructive lesions, leaving the earlier and more or less self-limited
eruptions to their own course; and, 5th, Much of the disease, after
a certain period, was acquired by heredity, and, being untreated,
later, destructive lesions would result and call for treatment ; it is
to be remembered that the connection with, and significance of,
the earlier manifestations of hereditary syphilis was not recognized
or known until at a comparatively recent date.
The statements with regard to the absence of gonorrhoea and
extensive genital lesions are, of course, perfectly understood, now
that gonorrhcea and chancroid are recognized as entirely distinct
diseases from constitutional syphilis.
An interesting point in this study is that in regard to the later
effects of the syphilitic poison, both on the individual and in later
generations, when the disease is left wholly uninfluenced by treat-
ment; this we know to have been largely the case in many of the
epidemics and endemics in earlier times, where it spread gradually,
unrecognized, in different quarters of the globe. We have no
means of solving the problem, as to how far this accounts for the ,
appearances presented by syphilis in the descriptions quo ted, but the
question naturally arises whether the peculiarities presented by
the supposed different diseases above mentioned in different coun-
tries, may not be thus accounted for. The same is true in regard
to some of the eruptions still observed among the older nations,
such as Framboesia, Delhi boil, Aleppo evil, Bouton de Biskra, etc., and
I40 SVP///US /XSO.VTJUM
the question is quite proper whether their peculiar features may ■
not be owing to the imnlantation of syphilis in persons who had
already had the disease by inheritance or otherwise, in earlier
years, or who still were under a remote infiuence of the same,
transmitted through former generations: Jonathan Hutchinson'
has recorded cases where the disease was acquired by those who had
already suffered from hereditary syphilis, and in two of these
instances, the lesions of the acquired disease, presented unusual
features, in having ecthymatous ulcers within a few months after
the primary sore; others' have also remarked upon the modified
results of syphilitic infection which may be observed in those who
have inherited the disease or have suffered from it previously. It
is now, also, a well-established fact that syphilis may be trans-
mitted to the third generation, what its later effects are we do not
know; much that is often called scrofula is afterwards shown to be
only late and indefinite manifestations of syphilis.
It would lead quite beyond the scope of the present work to
fully discuss here many of the interesting points which might
follow from a consideration of the data already given, and on
record elsewhere, in regard to the epidemic and endemic spread
of syphilis, some of which will be briefly considered later, in con-
nection with other portions of our subject; a few words, however,
may be added here in regard to the modes in which the disease
has been spread in a general manner, the special methods of its
extension being considered in subsequent chapters.
It is difficult for us, amid the civilization of the nineteenth
century, to fully understand the circumstances and surroundings
which led to the rapid and extensive diffusion of syphilis in years
gone by, and amid the crude modes of living belonging to earlier
times ; but we can better understand it if we consider, for a
moment, some facts relating to its more recent extension among
some of the less civilized portions of the earth, as in certain parts
(jf Russia, and elsewhere, where syphilis is certainly largely on
the increase. Hjelt ' reports that in Finnland, where all venereal
iHseases are treated in the governmental hospitals, free of expense,
and where a. very larjie share of all cases of .sypliilis are thus col-
lected, the cases of this disease had incrca.scd from 2,5 1 1 in 1851,
ENDEMIC SYPHILIS 141
to 8,639 in '87°; ^'^ total number of syphilitics treated during
that period was 54,717 cases. The total population in 1870 was
i,773,6ii, and the number of cases treated during that year,
namely, 8,619, "^^^ '^''- tbe rate of one for every *o4 persons.
Presumably a large proportion of these cases were recently in-
fected. In other portions of Russia, according to Leinenberc,'
the disease lias made and is still making yet greater ravages, so
that one writer states that there are at present five millions of
sj-philitics in Russia ; in the cities it is spread largely by prostitu-
tion, with the attendant innocent inoculations, but outside of the
cities it occurs by innocent methods, largely by familj' and indus-
trial intercourse, as it is slated that the peasantry know no prosti-
tution. Blosfeld,' writing of the spread of syphilis in Kasan,
in Eastern Russia, speaks of its very common spread by means of
extra-genital infection.
The principal cause of the continual spread of syphilis, in this
and other countries, lies in the ignorance of the people: ist. As to
the real nature of the disease; 2d, As to the dangers of infection,
innocently or otherwise; 3d, As to the modes by which infection
may take place, and 4th, As to the means and measures necessarj'
for prevention.
It is, of course, not to be expected that the mass of persons
will ever be able to recognize syphilis in all of its phases,
or to know of and exercise the proper prophylactic measures
necessary to avoid contagion; but iu proportion as it is recognized
that it is not uncommon for syphilis to attack those who arc
entirely innocent of sexual transgressions, by so much will the
danger of the extension of syphilis insontium be diminished.
That these cases of the innocent inoculation of syphilis are still
not very infrequent, at the present time, is evident from the fact
that the present writer has observed in his own practice, and re-
corded in a preceding chapter, over a hundred instances of the
same, in addition to the mass of other illustrations here set forth.
We will now consider more particularly the various modes and
occasions by which the disease has been spread sporadically, as
recorded in the literature of the subject.
CHAPTER VII.
B. SYPHILIS SPORADICA — I. SYPHILIS ECONOMICA ; INCLUDING,
I. SYPHILIS ACQUIRED IN DOMESTIC AND SOCIAL
RELATIONS AND, 2. SYPHILIS COMMUNICATED
IN INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS.
Having considered syphilis as a pandemic affection, occurring
at times as i, An Epidemic, affecting considerable numbers in a
short space of time, and 2, As it has existed in an endemic
manner, slowly attacking larger communities, we may now turn to
a consideration of the methods and means by which it is commu-
nicated to individuals in a thoroughly innocent manner.
To this the designation syphilis sporadica has been given, to
indicate the individual character of the infection.
By reference to the classification of the modes of infection of
syphilis, already given, it will be seen that this part of the subject
is subdivided into three parts, relating to,
I. Syphilis Economica^ where the infection occurs in domestic
or social life, and in industrial relations;
II. Syphilis Brephotrophica^ where the disease is communicated
in connection with the nourishment and care of children; and,
III. Syphilis Technica^ where inoculation takes place in the
discharge of professional duties and body service.
These will be considered in turn in this and the two following
chapters.
I. SYPHILIS ECONOMICA.
The sporadic transmission of syphilis economica may be studied
as relates to,
1. Infection occurring in connection with domestic or social
life, and,
2. Infection resulting from industrial relations.
INFECTION BY EATING AND DRINKING 145
In each of these two groups we wilt find a number of divisions
and subdivisions, while the ultimate sections into which this class
of infections may be divided is over forty, as shown in the classi-
fication which has preceded (pages 17 to 30); the data and refer-
ences to the Bibliography relating to these will be found expanded
fully in the Synopsis 0/ Literature.
It will be seen that a very large share of these infections occur
through the agency of the mucous membrane of the mouth, a few
happen through sores on the fingers, and occasionally the disease
will be conveyed by means of substances soiled by blood and se-
cretions from various parts. We may now call attention briefly
to some of the principal features relating to the modes of trans-
mission in syphilis economica.
I. Infection im Domestic and Social Kelatioxs.
This great group may be divided again according as infection
takes place through,
1. Eating and drinking utensils, and the use of tobacco, etc, ;
2. By personal and household effects;
3. By active and temporary contact; and,
4. By passive contact.
I. Infection by eating and drinking utensils, and in iha use of
tobacco, etc. The two divisions of this section will be considered
separately.
1. Infection by implements and utensils (spoons, knives, forks, cups,
glasses, jugs, etc.). In very many of the accounts of epidemics
of syphilis referred to in the preceding section, and also in the de-
scriptions of the endemic forms of the malady, such as Sibbens,
Radesyge, and the syphiloid eruptions, constant mention is made
of the disease being communicated in eating and drinking; and
more modem writers in some of the countries of Europe confirm
these descriptions, even to this daj-, among the peasantrj' and the
poorer classes in large cities. As the.se wholesale dangers can
hardly be fully imderstood by those accustomed to the luxuries of
wealth and western civilization, I may briefly quote the descrip-
tion given by Boeck," of the manner in which infection still takes
place in Norway, Says he, "In the country districts, it frequently
happens that syphilis is communicated by the use of the same
jOHTUl
Dtcnlc
Tboe and lolluwing Kit
144 SYPHILIS IKSONTIUM
Spoon. Ill many places the members of the family do not eat
together at the same time, and as each comes in turn to the table,
a single spoon is used, which is not washed, but is licked off and
laid aside. The spoon is a broad, rough, wooden afifair, which is
thrust so far into the mouth that the anyles of the lips are
stretched, and may even be injured by it. The fact is certain,
that in many of the cases of mnocently-acquired syphilis, the ulcer-
ations Commonly come in the corners uf the mouth."
Instances of infection by eating utensils are reported by several
recent observers; RoLi.tr' gives the case of a lady, who contracted
a chancre of the lip, from carrying in the mouth a spoon used by
her cook; and Diemer' mentions one, where the contagion was
acquired by the use of the same knife and fork on shipboard;
Roussel"' relates the case of a child, seven years old, who contracted
a chancre of the right tonsil, by using a spoon after its mother,
and Kkowczvnski' gives a similar instance; Lee' reports the case
of a young female, seen with chancre of the tongue, acquired from
a spoon used by another ser\-ant, who had syphilitic lesions in the
mouth; the genitals were intact. Other cases could be cited, and
many writers casually mention having observed the same. Cups
and drinking vessels are frequently reported as conveying the
poison, the first recorded case being the well-known one given by
BoTALLL's in 15G3, where a chancre of the lip was acquired from
drinking after unc infected; Buchholz repeated the observation
in 1 79S, the patient acquiring the disease from a tankard in a beer-
house, since which time dozens of similar cases have been placed
on record, as seen in the Synopsis of Literature.
The so-called Maladie de CAavaiitu-Zure. belongs to this class
of syphilitic transmission, and may be briefly mentioned. In the
year 1829, M. Flawanoe reported that in the community of
Chavanne-Lurc, on the east Ijorder of France, there had existed a
malady for about twenty-eight months, which was considered
contagious, and that up to that time, about twenty-five persons
were known to be affected, although it was supposed there were
many more also diseased, who from false modesty concealed their
trouble; the description given is readily recognized to be that of
syphilis. The first person to be affected was a man named Goudy,
28 years of age. who at that time had had the disease for over two
years, with muuth and throat lesions as well as eruptions on the
skin. He first CLimmunicalcd it to his three young children, all
l.WFECTIO.y BY. HATING AXD DRIXKING 1.45
of whom had sores on their lips and throat, but his wife, although
living with him, escaped, and was the only individual in the
family who was not infected. A young girl, a relative, aged 14,
next acquired the disease, from frequently eating with these chil-
dren, and her brother became similarly affected a short, time
after ; their mother next acquired the disease from fuqtjuently
visiting the house, and eating with the children first affected, and
six months later she gave it to her husband. It is added that the
people of the town were convinced, that the malady was especially
propagated bj' means of eating utensils, which, it is remarked, is
the more probable, because the inhabitants of the country eat one
after the other, without the least precaution in cleansing the
utensils. The man Goudy, who first brought the syphilis to the
town, acquired it while a prisoner, from drinking from the same
vessel with an Austrian soldier, who had the same disease on the
lips. The beginning of this epidemic, put in tabular form,
appears as follows :
P. F. G.
!S the disease
his young child his young child liis young child
1. I I
They
girl cousin boy cu
(14 years old) (15 year
One of the most definite and satisfactory of the single cases is
that of SiGMUNO," where a gentleman was infected by his valet, as
they traveled through the country ; C, Plluzzari" also reports the
case of a workman, who shared his hinch and a common drinking
glass with a comrade, who had syphilitic placques on the lips. He
had a fissure on the lip, and this became the seat of a chancre.
Taylor" mentions the case of a female cigar-maker, who had an
immense chancre of the lower lip, contracted from a drinkiny-cup
in use in the factor}-.
Some time ago much interest was excited by Grtxer' in
lOnain.Chr. Oollftwd. Det Ceracmicballliclie Ktlth, eli:. Jcm, 1705.
11
146 SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
regard to the danger of the communication of syphilis by the
chalice, or communion cup ; although this means of infection is
quite possible, I have not been able to find a single case in
literature, the original writings of Gruser, Trall, and Metzcer
not being accessible.
i. Infection by tobacco-pipes, cigars, troches, etc. The earlier
accounts of the epidemic and endemic manifestations of syphilis,
as they are now known to be, contain frequent statements, that
the disease was also constantly transmitted by a pipe, which in
earlier times frequently did duty for many smokers, or a whole
household. Denis-Dumoxt' mentions a case, where an officer
was infected, under his own observation, in a hospital, from
smoking the pipe of one of his colleagues who had placques mu-
queuses; Guignard' reports a case from the service of Fouknier,
where a chancre of the tongue resulted from the use of a friend's
pipe; Boeck" speaks of a case of chancre of the tongue resulting^
from the repeated smoking of the pipe of a friend, with constitu-
tional syphilis ; Otis' mentions tlic case of a physician with a chan-
cre just within the right inner angle of the mouth, contracted from
a pipe belonging to a syphilitic friend; C. Pf.lijzzaki" records an
instance, where syphilis was acquired from a pipe, borrowed for
the occasion, to hold in the mouth while sitting for a picture.
Cigars may be the means of conveying the syphilitic virus, the
poison being conve3'ed to the cigars either: ist, during their man-
ufacture, or, and, by a subsequent infection. Kluce claimed,
nearly fifty years ago, that he had known syphilis to be communi-
cated by means of cigars, infected by the fingers in the process of
manufacture. In the two cases of physicians reported in Chapter
IV, (Cases XXXV. and XLIV.), chancre of the lip was probably
acquired from cigars, which had been infected in their manu-
facture, presumably by the act of finishing the cigars with the
lips ; this supposition was supported by a case, there referred to,
as having been just s=en and treated, where a cigar-operative was
obliged to desist from this practice, on account of the soreness of
the mucous patches on the lips, on which he had been moistening
his cigars. A further possible means of infection is found in the
alleged practice in Havana, of finishing the cigar by rolling it on
the naked thigh, many of the natives in Cuba having syphilis. It
is but just to remark, that Seg.mund,' at the direction of the
INFECTION BY WEARING APPAREL 14?
Govemmeol, investigated certain cases of alleged infection of
cigars in manufactories, and expressed his disbelief in the truth
of the reports.
The second method of communicating syphilis by cigars, relates
to their infection by others than those engaged in their manufac-
ture. Gamberini' reports an interesting case, where a man re-
ceived a chancre of the upper lip from a cigar, taken from the
mouth of a woman, who had syphilitic lesions of the fauces. F. J.
Behrend* alleges, that he treated a patient with syphilis, who
acquired the sore in the mouth from taking a cigar, which had
been placed in the mouth of another person, and bitten off.
Rizat' reports a case, where a man acquired a chancre of the lip,
after having cut the end off a cigar in a guillotine, which had just
been used by a friend, who had moistened his cigar on the lips,
before cutting it in the same machine. The most common method
by which syphilis has been acquired by cigars, however, is that
seen in smoking rejected cigar-stumps, cases of which have been
reported or mentioned by a number of observers, Ambrosoli,
Englested, Finger, Drysdale, and others. The report of Ambro-
soti,' is most complete and relates to two cases. Enc.elsted*
states that he had treated a little boy, who was infected by a cigar-
stump which his uncle, who had mucous patches of the lips, had
thrown away.
Akin to this method of transmission is that reported by Hardv,
and also by Leloir," where the infection occurred by means of a
pastille, passed from mouth to mouth; since which similar cases
have been reported by Griffin-, Neumann, Tavlor, and others.
1. Inftciion by personal and hausohold effects. This relates to
1. Wearing apparel; 2. Bedding; 3. Toilet articles; 4. Miscellane-
ous articles.
J. Infection by wearing a//B/-<-/ (underwear, bathing-suits, masks,
plasters, bandages, lint, etc).
Numbers of cases have been reported by various observers,
where articles of clothing have communicated the disease, none
of them more striking than the original observation detailed in
Chapter IV. (Case CXIII. ); in this instance a gentleman acquired
a chancre in the sacral region from a public bathing suit, he
having had for some time an eczematous fissure in the fold of the
huttoclcs, and scratching it through his garment. Jii.i.ien * quotes
DiDAY, as having seen two cases of chancre of the anus, thus
*4S SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
communicated by clothing. Acton, Bell, Bondet, and others
have also recorded cases.
Leloir" records a case where the virus was transferred on
the finger of a glove, causing a chancre of the eye, and quotes
RicoHD as authority for the conveyance of syphilis by a mask.
Henninc ' reports the disease communicated by means of a hat,
and PoLAiLLON a case where syphilis was acquired, apparently,
from the injury caused by a nail in a borrowed shoe, giving rise
to a phagedenic chancre of the foot.
Fanlages, lint, etc, , have been the means of conveying syphilis;
thus Bjouk£n' mentions the case of an adult" who threw away
a piece of cmplastrum hydrargyri, which had covered a syphilitic
lesion, and his little brother, on applying it to a wound on the back of
the hand, was infected ; a somewhat similar personal instance is
related in Chapter IV. {Case CXI.) where the chancre appeared on
the neck after the application of a piece of plaster to a scratch, the
plaster being wet on the tongue of a friend. Ricordi' narrates
the case of a woman who acquired a chancre on the breast, from
the application to it of some dressings which had been used on a
chancre of the nipple of a friend.
2. Infection by bedding (pillows, sheets, etc.). While it is more
than probable that pillows, sheets, etc., have frequently conveyed
syphilis, relatively few cases have been reported. It is most
natural that secretions from lesions in the mouth, and elsewhere,
should saturate bedclothing, and, during the prolonged contact of
sleep, the vims could easily enter abraided surfaces. Julliev,
PoruFK, Salsotto, Tai i.nk, and other.s, have reported cases of this
nature.
3. Infection by toilet articles (towels, sponges, combs, tooth-
brushes, sjTinges, sick-chairs, privy-seats, etc.). A variety of
modes of infection is found in this group, relating to very different
portions of the body, and diverse methods of transmission, Baum'
records a case where a patient acquired a chancre in the comer of
the eye, supposed to be due to infection from a towel, used in com-
mon with a man who had a chancre, and several writers allude to
similar cases. C. Pelu^zaki" mentions a case where a son, with
chancre and abundant mucous patches, infected his father while
on a journey, occupying the same room and using the same towel;
the father had two chancres of the face, one in the centre of the
check, the other towards the ear. The same writer reports a case
INFECTION BY TOILET ARTICLES 149
in the clinic of Pietro Pellizzari, where a comb was the means of
transferring the syphilitic poison to a youn^ child, producing a
chancre of the hairy scalp ; the comb had just been used on another
child, with a pustular syphilide of the scalp; others have also
reported cases where the same mode of infection seemed probable.
Sicmund' relates the case of a young girl, o£ good character, who
acquired a chancre of the vulva, from a sponge used by a work-
ing girl room-mate, who had mucous placques in the genital
region.
Infection by means of a toothbrush, was reported many years
ago by Blumf.nbach; the case was that of a chamber-maid, who
acquired a chancre in the mouth frtm using a toothbrush of an
employer. The same method of trant-mission has been observed
by Baxter, Tavlor, and Hash'mo,' Maukey reports a case
where it was claimed that the poison was conveyed by a tooth-
pick.
Syringes have conveyed the poison of syphihs. as in the cases
reported by Fournieb," Jullien,' and Leloir," some of which
occurred while the patients were in the hospital.
Publk urinal!, and watcrelosets. as well as eommodes and sUk-
ehairs. are commonly accredited with being instrumental in com-
municating syphilis, but it is not a little singular, that but very few
authentic instances of this kind have ever been recorded. Several
writers refer to this method of acquiring the disease, and accept
the fact as probable, but we find but six who have reported ca.ses
illustrative of this mode of infection; FALr.oriL's and Hi.-ntf,r as
quoted by Ricord,' and the case mentioned by Luder' arc so old,
and so briefly mentioned, as to be of little scientific value; more
recent cases have been reported by Fitzgibiions, Marc, Roddick
and Tavlob.
3. Infection by irdscellaneous articles of convenience (handkerchief,
pins, opera-glass, cane). Many articles in common use could be,
and undoubtedly have been, carrier.s of the syphilitic virus, hut llie
instances on record are but few; the following serve as example-.:
Leloir" mentions having seen a chancre at the commissure "i
the mouth, in a man, produced by cleansing the part with a hatid-
kerehief moistened with saliva, and states that Dr. Bauurv h:is
seen several chancres of the eye, produced in like manner; F w.-
CONK reports a chancre of the right inner canthus, acijuired by
1 Ricofd— Ltvoo* •w l"^ chancre. Pain, iBjS, p. j6.
SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
\ of an opera-glass; Otis' mentions a cane, as the medium of
contagion.
In the original case No. LXXXIX., Chapter IV., a chancre of
the tongue was probably due Xa pins which the patient had been in
the habit of picking up and placing in the mouth, just where the
sore came on the tongue; from the frequent habit of picking the
teeth with a pin it is more than probable that this article may some
times afford a means of transmitting the vims of syphilis. Koch
has reported the case of a chancre of the finger in the site of a
wound made by a sharp drawing instrument, which had probably
been infected by the saliva of some previous user of the instini-
ment.
J. Infeciion by active and temporary contact. The cases
occurring here may be divided into two classes, as the infection
relates to the mouth or finger: i. Buccal; 2, Digital.
1, Infeciion by buccal contact. This may again be divided into
that acquired, i. by Ki.s.sing, and 2. by Biting,
I. Infeitien ly kissing. Next to the venereal act, kissing fur-
nishes, probably, the most common and uniformly frequent mode
of commimicating syphilis, in all countries and under all condi-
tions, and the number of cases to be found in literature, attributed
to this cause, is really very large; the number of instances of this
kind on record would undoubtedly be verj' many times greater were
it not that this method of communicating the disease has so long
been perfectly established, that cases are not reported, unless they
present some curious or unusual feature. It may be safely said,
that where one may be found reported, hundreds have occurred.
We find two classes of cases ; ist, Those which are here termed
rtciprotal, where the syphilis is conveyed from the lip of one person
to that of another, and, and. The non-reciprocal, where the lip of
one person communicates the poison to, or receives it from, some
other part, as the eyelid, cheek, nipple, etc. The cases illustra-
tive of these conditions are found so abundantly in literature, that
it is hardly worth quoting any at length ; few cases, however, are
more striking than the original one found in Chapter IV., where
a widow (Mrs. Z. Z. Cas2 XXVI.) acquired a chancre of the lip
from another patient (Mrs. V. B. Case CVI.) who was then under
treatment with abundant mucous patches of the mouth, as a re-
sult of syphilis from chancre of the hand. The first patient had
INFECTION BY KISSING AND BITING 151
recently lost her husband, and in her grief had much intercourse
with the second lady, who was of her own age, and naturally they
kissed each other frequently; as a result, after being thus exposed,
a chancre of the lip developed, about one month after her hus-
band's death.
As a striking instance of the communication from the lips to
other parts, may be mentioned a case referred to by Tavluk,"
where he had prohibited a man who had contracted syphilis, from
having connection with his wife. He obeyed the instructions, but,
thinking it safe to suck her nipple, he gave her a chancre in that
situation. De Beck quotes many cases where chancre was acquired
about the eye, by means of kissing.
a. Infection by biting. This may be considered,
ist. As it relates to a caress, as has repeatedly occurred in
connection with the venereal act;
2nd. As it is used in defense or assault, and
3rd. As an accidental tooth wound.
These cases are not very infrequent, and research shows, that
reports on the subject have been made by nearly seventy writers,
with atotal of at least 100 cases, as will be seen in the Synopsis of
Literature. The only monograph on the subject, as far as is
Imown, is that of Lesace, which covers the ground very com-
pletely.
Many cases of the first variety are on record, and need not be
quoted here. As illustrative of the second variety, that of infec-
tion by a bite in defence or assault, the original case of Mr. V. E. ,
(Case CIX.) Chapter IV. may be referred to; here the entire left
auricle was involved in a huge chancre, as the result of a bite, re-
ceived from a syphilitic man. in a fight. Zeissi."' reports several
interesting cases, and Lavekgne and Perri.v,' give five cases of
this nature, from the service of Fournier; one of these is almost
an exact counterpart of the last-mentioned case, the man having
a monstrous ulcerative chancre of the left ear from a bite; in the
other cases the cheek, the neck, the right arm, and the left middle
finger, were the seat of chancres from bites.
Chancres are occasionally acquired from toothwounds, made
accidentally. Of this we have an instance in Chapter IV., Case
CVII : here a young man in play struck his hand against a room-
mate's teeth, and inflicted a tear nearly an inch long, iipon which
a chancre developed within a month. His friend was under my
15^ SYPH/L/S JXSO.VT/UM
treatment at the time, and had his mouth full of mucous patches,
and was well aware of the dangjpr of infection. Hutchinson"
has twice seen chancres in policemen, who have become wounded
in scuffles with infected men, and the Museum at the Hopital St,
Louis in Paris contains a model of a hand with a chancre on the
knuckle, acquired from a blow on the tooth of a syphilitic man.
Infants with hereditary or acquired syphilis, sometimes communi-
cate the disease by bites, as in the case reported by Drysdale;' in
this instance, a hereditary syphilitic yearling bit its nurse on the
lip, and thereby infected her, and she in turn infected her sister,
13 years old, with whom she slept. Snowball mentions a case
where a young woman in playing with a young syphilitic child, was
struck upon the nose by its incisor tooth, and a chancre developed
in the spot, followed by constitutional syphilis. Clemk.nts reports
an instance, where a husband bit his wife in play, and caused a
chancre. Rollet" states that he has on several occasions, known
syphilis to be purposely communicated through biting, the person
being actuated by malice, and desiring to give syphilis to the
other.
i. Infection by digital contact. Two phases are seen here:
ist. When an individual acquires a chancre by digital contact
(other than venerea]), and,
2nd. When an individual inoculates another person by digital
contact.
Most of these cases occur in the practice of medical and surgical
men and midwives, and also in the care of infants ; the subject will,
therefore, be more treated of under syphilis brephotrophica and
technica. But instances also occur among the laity, as when
friends care for each other, or in family relations Tavlor"
reports a case of chancre of the index finger from dressing a
friend's chancre, Wimo' records the ease of chancre of the finger
in a barber, and Moi-rk' relates a case of chancre of the septum
of the nose in which the poison was supposed to be conveyed by
the finger. Others liave also reported cases of tJiis nature.
Scratching and pinching afford some of the most striking in-
stances of digital infection. Bkva.vt' gives the case of a man
who received a chancre on the check from a scratch inflicted by a
fellow workman; and Pllmert ' a case of chancre on the breast
in a male, following a scratch made by a syphilitic room-mate
WtiNHERo ' mentions the case of a man who received a chancre on
INFECTION IN INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS '53
the right cheek, upon the site of an excoriation, from a pinch,
given by a room-mate who had a chancre of the penis.
4. Infeciion b/ passive contact, other than venereal. Several
instances are on record where the virus has entered the skin at very
unusual points, and from innocent contact with syphilitic lesions,
in bed and otherwise. Some of these cases will be noticed in the
next chapter, on syphilis brephotropkica, as many of the instances
occur in connection with young children. Hulot reports the case
of a man, who had a chancre in the region of the hip, from .sleep-
ing with a young man who had moist syphilitic lesions of the
penis, with enormous paraphimosis; he was often conscious of
touching him and of scratching the part touched, whcrebj- the
virus gained ready admission. Macrial'-' records the case of a
man, who, while avoiding having connection with his wife, on
account of his recent syphih.s, was still the means of giving her a
chancre on the lower part oE the lumbar region.
Many cases are on record of the communication of syphilis bj-
the contact incidental to carrying and supporting infants, affected
with the disease, which will also be more properly treated of in
the next chapter. Certain other cases are, however, on record
where the disease was acquired from carrying adults, Pllli/zaki "
reports a chancre of the sub-maxillary region from contact with
chancre on the chin, and a most striking one is reported by Rizat,'
who saw a patient with a chancre of the back of the neck, which
resulted from carrying a woman astride the neck, she ha\'ing
vulvar syphilitic lesions.
We come now to the second great group of this class of syphilis
ecoaotnica, namely such infections as occur in connection with Viiri-
ous industrial pursuits, to which the term industrial transmission
may be applied.
2. lNfLLTL..N IN I.MJI^IKIAI- Rtl.AllO.N^.
This group may be conveniently considered as it relates to
1, Buccal infection,
2, Digital infection.
I. Buccal infection in industrial relations. This class may
again be subdivided as it rt-laics to 1. (Iccupation.s requiring the
use of the breath, and t Occupatious where necessary or unncces-
arj- use is made of the lips.
IS4 SYPHILIS msONTWM
I . Industrial infection by occupations requiring the use ef the breath
(glass blowers, assayers, weavers, musicians, conductors, house-
maids).
In 1859 Rollet" first called attention to the communication
of syphilis from ot^^ glass-blower to another, and, in 1863 Viennois
published his celebrated memoir on the subject, collecting thirty
cases, twenty of which were from the epidemic at Rive de Gier,
where the first cases seen by Rollet belonged. Numerous cases
have been reported since that time, amounting to at least 162,
in France, England, Denmark, and Austria, In 1881 Guinand
collected the data relating to the subject, and urged strongly the
periodical sanitary visitation of the factories, as a means of the
prevention of the spread of syphilis in them. In some of the epi-
demics the disease cansed much havoc outside of the factories; at
one time, when twelve or fifteen men were infected, there were
also five or six of their wives, and many children, four of them
new-born, who acquired the disease from them. Since the first
announcement of this method of infection, numerous single cases
or groups of cases have been recorded by at least thirty observers,
and I am told that cases of this kind have been observed in New
York city, but believe that the cases have never been published,
SiciMUND " narrates a case where a chemist received a chancre of
the lip, from a bloicpipe which had been used by an infected com-
rade, and mentions another instance, seen some years previously,
where two persons had been infected in a like manner, from a
single person. M.^rgoninf.h ' reports a case where a goldsmith
acquired a chancre of the hard palate by similar means,
F. J. Behbesd' states that the entire family of a weaver in
Berlin became syphilized by all members using the same tube in
the mouth for sprinkling cloth.
Siomund" reports the ca.se of a man who acquired a chancre
of the lip through the medium of a bassoon, his teacher having
mucous patches of the lips; Arthur' also gives a case, con-
tributed by Greenleaf, of chancre of the lip in a soldier, acquired
by means of a bugle used by another who had mucous patches of
the lips, as shown by confrontation. Two cases have also been
repotted from the clarionette, by Lesaue* and Pospelow,' and one
by ViGL'iF.B, from ^fiute.
A whistle is reported by Gros as having been the means of
communicating syphilis to a railway-guard, who borrowed it from
INFECTION BY WHISTLES, PENS, PENCILS, ETC. 155
a friend, to use in place of his own, and acquired a buccal chancre
thereby; and Taylor also records a chancre from a conductor's
A case is mentioned by Martlneau, and quoted by Guinand,"
where a servant girl contracted syphilis through the mouth by
means of a speaking-tube in the hotel where she was employed ; and
E. ViDAL reports a similar case.
3. Industrial infection by ike necessary or unnecessary use of the lips.
Spoons as a medium of communication of syphilis, have been
already referred to ; cases have been reported, where cooks have
been thus infected, which need not be detailed here,
A curious method of transmission of syphilis, has been recorded
by PoRAY-KoscHiTz,' where ihTGS furriers acquired chancres on the
lips, by means of the thread which was drawn through the lips
and bitten off; the thread abraded the lips, and at the same time
conveyed the poison.
An instance of chancre of the lip, arising through the agency
of upholsterers' tacks, is reported by Sptllman.' A boy, 13 years
old, worked in company with a man, who on confrontation was
found to be syphilitic, with the mouth full of mucous patches.
They both were accustomed to put a handful of tacks in the
mouth, using such as were necessary, and returning the rest to a
common receptacle; in this manner, tacks covered with saliva
from his comrade, readily abraded and inoculated the lip. Steele
has recorded a sim.lar case, and Pospelow' one of a chancre of the
tongue where the poison was conveyed by shoemakers' pegs held in
the mouth. Guntz" has reported a case, where a maker of artifcal
flowers was infected through the handiwork, receiving a large
chancre of the lip.
Pens, pencils, coin, etc. Pens and pencils have been reported as
the conveyors of the virus, by a dozen observers, Dahne, Ricord,
SiCMUND, Clerc, Otis, Bancs, Rowfi, and others, and need not be
specially mentioned here. Leluir" narrates a case, where a
merchant under his care had received a chancre of the lip, from
a piece of lip-gum or paste, which had habitually been used by
a clerk, affected with buccal syphilides.
Robinson ' has recently mentioned a case, where a chancre of
the lower lip was apparently acquired from coins, which the girl,
who was engaged in a coffee tavern, was in the habit of biting,
and holding ib the mouth ; he states that her lover was free from
156 SYPN/US INSONTIUM
syphilis, and that she had not been kissed by any other raan for
many months. As far as can be learned, but two cases are
on record, by Desnos' and Fitzuigi^un,' of the supposed communi-
cation by bank notes, which is not a little surprising-, considering
the frequency with which the fingers are wet on the tongue, in
handling paper money.
2. Digital infection in industrial relations. The next group
of cases refers to the acquisititm of syphilis, in an occupa-
tion, by means of substances handled, and relates mainly to
Ittiiiidnsses and handlers of cast-off clothing. The dangers from
washing the clothing' of syphilitics is infinitely less than is
commonly supposed, and relatively very few instances have been
recorded, and none of these are much more clear or satisfactory,
than the original obser\'ation recorded in Chapter IV. (Case
LXXVIL). C. Buf.ck" is quoted by HoMuLLE, in regard to a young
woman, who verj' probably contracted a chancre of the finger,
from handling and washing the soiled linen of her brother, who had
syphilis. Cli.rl' reports the case of a woman, who washed the
clothing of ''fast women," who had a chancre of the caruncle of
the left eye; her husband was examined, and found perfectly
healthy, and it was supposed that she had possibly wiped the eye
with some of the soiled linen.
Hajiamoe reports a similar case, of achancre on the left lower
lid. at the centre of the m:irgin, in a washerwoman, employed in
the laundry wliere the wash for the syphilitic wards was done,
Dmbmc; records a case of chancre of the right under lid in a washer-
woman, but dues not indicate the mode by which it was acquired.
Fol'rkif.k" mentions a case of a married man, 45 years old,
who had not been exposed to contact, and was thought to have
acquired a chancre on the right little finger, from assorting rags.
The finger had been slightly injured, and he failed to protect it;
he had noticed that some of the rags were stained with blood and
discliargcs.
The only case which can be ft>und among handlers of cast-off
clothing, occurs in an nKl Ixink by Ctivri.Aki s' on epidemic and coji-
tagiouo purpura, as it was called. A female attendant in the
sweating room, where venereal disease was treated, acquired the
disease Ijy working over clothing, to adapt it fur herself, and her
sister, with wlmm she slept, was also infected, the disease begin-
INFECTION IN INDUSTRIA L REl.A T/O.VS 157
In the groups o£ cases which we have been studying it is seen
that sj-philis has been communicated under the most varied
conditions of domestic, social, and industrial life, and by means
relating to every day life and occupation. The modes and methods
whereby the poison has been transferred from one person to
another were not such as would ordinarily be thought to be
fraught with danger to health, and in the vast majority of cases
no harm was feared and no danger suspected until the disease had
already manifested its existence in the individual.
Our next chapter relates wholly to the communication of syph-
ilis in connection with the nourishment and care of infants and
small children, to which the no^me syp/iUis brephotrophica is given;
here we will find even greater exposure, and if possible, still more
frequent contamination with the disease under consideration.
CHAPTER VIII.
B. SYPHILIS SPORADICA (CONTINUED). — II. SYPHILIS BREPHOTROPHICA*
I. SYPHILIS COMMUNICATED IN CONNECTION WITH NUTRITION
OF INFANTS. 2. SYPHILIS PROPAGATED BY
ATTENDANCE ON INFANTS.
The material treated of in this chapter is divided into two
great classes of cases :
1. Where syphilis is acquired in connection with the nutrition
proper, of the child, and,
2. Where infection occurs in connection with the care of the
child during its infant life.
Each of these classes will be seen to be divided into twa
groups, and each of these again into several divisions; these are
then still further subdivided, until finally, we have nearly fortjr
separate headings, relating to the difiEerent conditions or phases
of the subject. These groups will now be considered in detail.
I. Infection in connection with Nutrition of Infants.
The section relating to nutrition of infants, embraces two
divisions, relating to, ist. Lactation, and 2d. Hand-feeding.
I. Syphilis communicated by Lactation. This may be consid-
ered under two main headings:
1. When the nurse is infected by a nursling, and,
2. When the nursling is infected by the nurse, or by another
nursling.
Under each of these, there are a number of points to be con-
sidered which w^ill be taken up in order.
It is not the purpose of the present study to enter into the
subject of the transmission of syphilis by heredity, and the vari-
ous questions connected therewith ; these have from time to time
EXCEPTIONS TO COLLES' LA tV 159
occupied the thought and labor of some of the ablest minds in the
profession, and much has been written to sustain quite opposite
views on many subjects, some of which cannot be considered as
yet fully settled. This is not the place to discuss these matters,
nor will the attempt be made to pass judgment in regard to the
points which may be necessarily referred to. The object in view
is to present the matter of syphilis insontium, from its clinical
aspect, as related to the nourishment and care of infants. The
reports of cases and statements of different observers, will, there-
fore, be given upon their own merit.
I. Syphilis communicaUd to nurses in loftaiion. When the nurs-
ling is hereditarily syphilitic, we have first to mention a few cases
on record, where the nnrse-mother is reported to have been
infected by the child, in apparent contradiction to what is com-
monly known as "Colics' law." It should be stated, however, that
what has been called "Colles' law," and which was formulated
originally by Didav, as follows: "A child born syphilitic through
the agency of its parents, never communicates the disease to its
mother, who suckles it."' was not stated in such strong language
by Colles. The latter only says,' *' As yet I have not seen any
instance, in which an infant infected by the mother, communi-
cated a venereal ulcer of the nipple to her."
This subject has been recently discussed very fully by
MiCHAELSON," who among other cases, quotes the following
observed by Dr. Ll'th, and reported by M. Zeissl:' A man,
aged 23, married in the full bloom of early syphilis; the wife
remained healthy, and gave birth to an apparently healthy child,
who at five months of age developed lesions of syphilis, with
rhagades at the comers of the mouth. A month later, the
mother, while nursing her child, developed a characteristic
chancre of the left breast, followed by eruptions and other lesions
of syphilis. Guibout' reports the case of a woman who bore a
syphilitic child, without herself showing signs of the disease.
She nursed the child and acquired four chancres of the left
breast, one of them indurated, as diagnosticated by Foukmek,
JuLLiEN " gives an unpublished case of P. Pkllizzari as follows : A
syphilitic man had three children, all syphilitic, and all nursed by
I Di<Uy. A imiiicDiiSrphmiin New-born Children, etc. Srd. Soc., l^ddon, 135Q, p. \^.
• Collt.. Prarlicl abMivmioni on ihe Vf nfr«l Dumw, mc. London, .637, P- '86.
* Miducbon. Mouttibedt f(jr prakLischc DtimatolL^t. Bd. H. 18S3, pp. 138, 179, ajo, 366.
l6o SYPH/L/S INHONTIUM
their mother. She was examined repeatedly and found perfectly
healthy, until, while nursing the third child, she became affected
with a true hard chancre on the breast, and characteristic aden-
opathy, followed, on the forty-fifth day, by a general eruption.
Cases have also been reported by Berten, Cazenave, Merz,
ScARENZio and others.
When the nurse is not the mother, there is no question in
regard to infection readily taking place, and the instances of
reported chancre of the breast given to healthy nurses, by children
with inherited syphilis, are so innumerable that it is hardly neces-
sary even to illustrate the subject. It may not be uninteresting,
however, to refer briefly to the very carefully reported and conclu-
sive cases of Dr. Egan.' which were published some years before
RiLORD accepted the doctrine of the contagiousness of secondary
lesions; one of his cases is as follows: A woman, perfectly healthy,
mother of three healthy children, her husband a man of irre-
proachable character, wet-nursed a child seven weeks old, appar-
ently healthy at the time. A week later an eruption, afterwards
recognized as syphilitic, appeared on the child, and mucous patches
subsequently developed in the mouth ; from these, a month later,
the woman acquired a chancre of the left nipple, followed by-
severe constitutional syphilis.
When the nursling has an acquired syphilis, it may of course
infect its mother, its wet-nurse, or others with equal facility. In
these cases of acquired disease, the syphilis may have been gotten
by the child in a number of ways: ist. In lactation, by having
previously suckled some other nurse, who was syphilitic; and.
The child may have acquired the disease by kissing, or from a
nursing-bottle, or from other infection through the mouth; or 3d,
The child may have become infected by vaccination, circumcision,
or other inoculation through the skin.
Numeriius examples occur iu literature, of the transmission of
acquired syphilis by lactation, and the history of epidemics of the
disease, iis portrayed in Chapter VI., is full of instances where a
single child with syphilis, acquired in some innocent manner, and
unrecognized at the time, ha.s been the means of spreading the
disease, far and wide, primarily through the agency of lactation.
Some very striking illustrations of this will be given later, in con-
nection with other modes of transmitting syphilis, such as vaccina-
tion; a single instanci^ illustrative of the hrephotrophic spread of
INFECTION OF NURSES i6i
syphilis, reported by Barillier may be memioned here. An
hereditarily syphilitic infant communicated the poison to its wet-
nurse, giving; her a chancre of the nipple: she in turn transmitted it
to two healthy nurslings, one of whom shortly died; the other
infant communicated the disease to another nurse, who suckled it
three or four times; and she, again, gave it to another child at her
breast. For clearness this may be presented in graphic form, as
follows :
C. F, (a syphilitic infant)
gave the disease
Its nurse (chancre of nipple)
she gave it to
Nursling. P. C. (by lactation)
Nurse, Cath. 3. fchancre of the nipple)
who gave it to
Nursling, L. L. P. (infection per os )
Many illustrations could be cited, some of them even more
striking than this, and instances are on record where large com-
munities were infected with syphilis, starting from a single dis-
eased infant, as may be seen in the table of epidemics in Chapter
VI. The most extensive of these, perhaps, was that already
alluded to at Capistrello in Italy; here a nurse was syphilized by
suckling a foundling, and she gave the disease to the members of
the family, through household utensils; in eight years, the disease
had so spread, that, in the community of three thousand inhab-
itants, three hundred were estimated to bi; the subjects of syphilis.
A notable epidemic, the so-called Pian de Nerac, which occurred
in 1751, and was reported by Raulin, was of this nature; as it
was of such peculiar interest, and has been so often only briefly
referred to by writers, an abstract of its features may not be with-
out interest.
The wife of a merchant in the town of Nerac, in the South-
west of France, who was perfectly healthy, gave her child to be
nursed by a woman, who was also healthy; at the end of six
months, the wet-nurse being sick, one of her neighbors gave her
breast to the child five times, and very shortly it became ill, and
U
i62 SYPHILIS JNSONTIUM
had an eruption. The parents then took the child away, and
while suckling another wet-nurse, the child suckled also several
women of the neighborhood; the child had many sores in the
mouth, and very extensive and deep, pustular and ulcerative
lesions on the body, one of which perforated the tracheal artery,
and the child died. All the women who had nursed the child
soon acquired sores on their breasts, and general eruptions, and
their infants became similarly affected. The contagious nature of
the malady was not suspected, and a number of other nurses
suckled these children, and they, and their infants, became in-
fected ; so that, by the expiration of a year, there were more than
forty women and children infected, in addition to a number of
husbands, and also others, who did not disclose their malady,
because it had become to be regarded as venereal. From the
description given, it is probable that scabies was also mingled
with sj'philis, in some of these cases, on account of the short period
which often elapsed after exposure, and the character of some of
tlie eruptions, which also often presented very great itching; but
some of the infants died, and from the mouth lesions, etc., there is
no doubt but that the main disca.se was syphilis.
Other epidemics are reported of various proportions, where
16, iS, 23 and more individuals acquired the disease, started by a
single syphilitic child, as may be seen by a reference to the
Synopsis of Literature. One more single instance of a smaller
epidemic may be given in detail from Dron,' as illustrative of the
manner in which the contagion is spread.
Mad. X. obtained a nursling, which, at a later period exhibited
syphilitic sjTnptoms and died at three months of age. To ease
her breast she gave suck, for a single night, to an eight-day old
child belonging to a neighbor, Mad. P., and, as this infant did not
satisfy her, .she borrowed two or three more children in turn. Mad,
P. acquired chancre of the breast, and she and her infant had
syphilis; later she aborted, and her husband took the disease from
her, through a chancre on Che penis. The next child, that bor-
rowed of Mad. M., was 4 months old, and took the breast but
twice ; this infant was infected, the mother had chancre of the
breast, and her husband also acquired the disease. The third
child borrowed, an eight-months boy of Mad. T., received a
chancre on the tongue and infected its mother who bore a dead
child at her next pregnancy, and who also infected her husband.
INFECTION OF NURSLINGS 163
Mad. X., who was the first agent in introducing the disease, had a
very protracted attack of syphilis, aborted at her next conception,
and also communicated the disease to her husband; thus eleven
persons acquired sj'philis through the one child.
Put in tabular form this series of cases stands as follows :
Infant syphilitic nursling (died of disease) ,
infects
Madame X. (who aborts)
infects
I
Mme.K (who aborts) J[me. M. (whoaboris) Mme. Y. (who has still-barn child)
infected inleclEiI inftetiMl
BiubaDd(chiLncreorpcDis). Huebaod. Husband.
It will not be necessary to further illustrate this portion of the
subject; the disease is, of course, spread in the same, or similar
manner, when the child acquires syphilis by kissing or in some of
the various manners to be mentioned later on; the cases where
the disease starts from vaccination, circumcision, etc.. will be con-
sidered in connection with those subjects in the next chapter.
2. Syphilis communicated to nurslings by nurses or by other nurslings.
Three main divisions occur here:
ist. When the nurse has a chancre or other syphilitic lesions
on the breast.
ad. When she has recent syphilis but no lesions on the breast,
and
3d. When another nursling is the syphilifer, the nipple acting
only as a means of conveying the poison left upon it.
The cases where the nurse has a breast chancre, from lacta-
tion, are naturally very closely connected with the preceding
section and need not be noticed here. The chancre may also
have been acquired by kissing, as indicated in the preceding
chapter, and has also repeatedly occurred in consequence of breast-
drawing, as will be developed and illustrated in the next chapter
on Syphilis iechnica.
The lesion on the nurse's breast need not be a chancre, but
may be mucous patches, dependent, perhaps, upon an ordinary
venereal syphilis. Repeated instances have occurred where the
t64 SyPNlUS INSONTIUM
infected nurse has been the starling point of a group of cases,
perhaps none more striking than one Fccorded by Ambrose Par£,
in 1575, long before modern syphilology had estabhshed many o£
the methods by which syphiHs is propagated. A lady took a wet-
nurse to share the labor of nursing her infant. This nurse infected
the infant, the infant communicated the disease to its mother, she
to her husband, and he gave the disease to his two children, aged
respectively three and four years. In tabular form this appears
more clearly:
Nurse (with syphilitic eruption)
,n ec er
I
I I
Child, aged 3 ytara Child, aged 4 years.
When the nurse has not active lesions, and the nursling has
acquired syphiHs through her, it has been thought that the infec-
tion has taken place through the agency of the milk, and cases
have been reported in support of this view, notably those of
SiEiNBERtiERand Cerasi.' It seems hardly necessary to quote these,
however, in view of the fact that all modern writers agree that syph-
ilis cannot be communicated by the milk alone, as the following
case, from Lee,' would seem to show pretty conclusively : A married
woman took a strange child to nurse, giving it one breast and her
own child the other, most carefully. She acquired a chancre on
the breast given to the foundling, hut although her own child
continued to nurse the other breast for six weeks after she devel-
oped a syphilitic eruption, it entirely escaped infection. The
subject has also been thoroughly studied by Gallois,' who arrives
at the .-lame conclusion.
The nipple sometimes serves as the mediate means of conta-
gion, conveying syphilis from one child to another, without the
nurse becoming infected. Of this an instance is recorded by
IiERTl^.' where a healthy mother gave her breast to the child of a
1 l.fc(>)c.lcdb/r,iumltr-S)-i>liilis-Zkin».;nH^nJh. ,d EUlU, IW. IH., 1886, p. 44-
• Gallda— fUdi^rches lur Ijl qucitiun dc I'inpocuite du liul, eic Paiit, 1877.
INFECTION BY FEEDING BOTTLES, ETC. 165
syphilitic woman, and her own child became diseased at the age
of three months, and showed many signs of constitutional syphilis,
while the mother, who was under observation for a long period,
escaped entirely.
II. Syphilis communicated ihrough hand-feeding. (By feeding-
bottles, sugar-teats, cups, spoons, etc.) The various implements
which are used in feeding the infant may all, at times, serve as the
medium for transmitting syphihs, and literature abounds in well
authenticated eases where this has occurred. The infection may
occur in two different directions.
I St. Where the foster-mother or attendants are infected from
the infant ; and
ind. Where the infants are infected either by the adult, or
from another child, who is syphilitic.
Hutchinson" has recorded a case, where a woman bore a
number of syphilitic children, as a result of the disease acquired
before marriage. Her husband escaped infection until he acquired
achancre of the tonsil, from his habit of starting the feeding-boitU,
in the night, for his fourth child, who was at that time suffering
from a syphilitic mouth. Spillman ' also reports a case of chancre
of the tonsil, in a lady 59 years of age, acquired by always tasting
the nursing-bottle of a syphilitic baby, whom she tended; and
Fourniek" mentions a case of Hilliaret's, where a grandfather
and grandmother both had chancres of the lip, from a. feeding-bottle
used by a syphilitic child, who had already infected its wet-nurse.
He also relates the case of another grandmother, 65 years of age,
who acquired syphilis from the spoon, with which she fed a
child, always carrying it to her own lips first. Geiiekt ' gives an
instance where a mother and her own infant acquired syphilis from
a nursing-bottle, used by a foundling; and Fournier is credited by
Audovnavd' with a case, where the nursing-bottle was infected by
a working- woman, who chanced to come in and taste the teat, she
having secondary syphilitic lesions. Plumemt ' reports concerning
a mother and child, who acquired syphilis from the same sugar-teat,
infected by some unknown third person; and Sigmcnd" records
two children infected from a third infant, by the same means.
Spoons and cups are not infrequently the means of carrying the
poison of syphilis among children, and their attendants, even more
than occurs among adults. Ricorui' says, "It is the custom,
1 Sieordi. Sypbilide da AJIiitumcniD, «c. MUuo, iStj, p. jb.
i66 SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
especially in the country, to give to the nurslings who have passed
the fourth month, a pap of bread and milk. This duty is mostly
reserved to the oldest people in the household, who cany the
grandchildren in their arms, and before inserting the pap in the
children's mouths, toticli it to their own lips, to test the tempera-
ture of the food. Frequently the infants and other children are
participants of the frugal meal, offered with the same spoon. So
one is infected from others, mouth to mouth, and nursing children
infect the nurses. This mode of infection I have seen many times,
and it was the occasion of the epidemics in 1863 at Premezzo,
where there were 9 victims, and at Castellanza, where 11 were
infected." Diday ' relates and quotes a number of cases, where
the disease was acquired from spoons used in feeding syphilitic
children : in one instance the nurse, her daughter, and her mother,
three generations, were all infected by this means. Roussel also
quotes several instances from Lagneau and others. Vidal de
Cassis records an instance where he found four out of six little
children, in a weaning establishment, infected by the single glass
used for the six, in common with a syphilitic child, who had
acquired the disease from her wet-nurse; he further quotes a case
from LucAs-CHAMi>io\sitkE, where a mother and her two daugh-
ters acquired syphilis from the same spoon and glass, used by
a two-year-old syphilitic foundling, whom she had taken in
charge.
Another method of communicating syphilis to amall children,
which has been reported hy Boeck," relates to a practice common
in some localities, of chewing the infant's food before putting it in
its mouth, and also warming milk in the mouth before giving it to
the child; Bataschoff and Cold have reported similar cases.
2. Inkection throuoh Attenoance on Syphilitic Infants.
We come now to the second great section of this class of cases,
namely, infection through attendance upen syphilitic infants. Here we
find an infinite variety of modes, whereby the prison can be trans-
ferred from one to the other; the innumerable acts of care and
attention bestowed upon the new-bom child, all serve, on proper
occasions, to favor inoculation, while the tender nature of its
tissues, favors the abrasions which allow of infection. The sub-
ject may be considered under two great divisions, according as
til,. ir.ff.nti,in t.ql-f'; nl.ncp -
mFECTION BY SPONGES, SYRINGES, ETC. it>7
ist. Through mediate contact.
ad. Through direct contact.
I. Infeciion by mediate contact (wash-water, sponges, syringes,
combs, napkins, clothing, cradle-lining, etc.). Kobnek' reports a
rather doubtful case, where a child 2^ years of age, was infected
after bathing in water used by her father, recently syphilitic, with
lesions between the toes; the communication of the disease by
wash-water, however, appears not improbable from instances to be
cited in the next chapter.
Sponges, have been reported as conveying the infection, by
several observers. Cullerier' records a case where a woman
affected with chancres of the vulva, communicated them to her
daughter, three years old, by washing her with a sponge which she
had just used for herself. Huguier' reported a case where a
mother, with mucous patches on the vulva, inoculated her two
little daughters by the use of the sponge which she had used in her
toilet. PoNTET ' gives a case from the service of Fouhnier, where
an infant, born at the " Maternite," was infected by being washed
by an inmate, with a sponge which had served in the ward for other
infants affected with syphilis.
Syringes are reported as conveying syphilis between children, but
no cases are at hand sufficiently clear for illustration. This method
of communication has been illustrated in the preceding chapter.
The case of infection by a comb, reported by Pellizzari, has been
given in the preceding chapter. The same author'" reports the
case of an infant infected with a chancre of the anal region, by
means of a piece of doth; similar cases are reported by Didav,
Lavergne and Pehkin'; Peter Bul.schwini/ gives the case of
an infant who was repeatedly placed in the cradle of a child of
other parents, with a suspicious eruption, and who shortly devel-
oped sores on the mouth, from which its nursing mother received
a chancre of the breast; and Cusack reports the case of infection
of an adult by the bedding of a .syphilitic child.
II. Infection by direct contact. This section, as in the preced-
ing chapter, is divided into,
ist. Infection by active and limited contact, and,
ad. Infection by passive contact.
I. Infection by nctive and limited contact. Here again three divi-
aoos may be made according as the infection is i. Buccal; a.
Digital; 3, Aerial.
l68 SYPHILIS fjVSONTICAf
1. Infection by buccal contact. The principal method of giving
anil receiving sj-philis directly by the mouth, in the case of
infants, as already seen in the case of adults, is through kiising;
this may happen in three directions: ist. Adults infected by
children,: ad. Children infected by adults; 3d. Children infected
by other children. As in the case of adults, already mentioned
in the preceding chapter, the lesions may occur on the lips,
or on other parts of the body. The cases of chancres of the
lips, caused by transmission of syphilis between infants and
adults, are so numerous, and the subject is so well understood,
that it is hardly necessary to develop the matter here. We may
mention, however, the instance of Rollet's,* quoted by Roussel,
where an infant of 15 months, who was kissed by a prostitute, and
infected thereby, communicated syphilis to her two brothers, her
two sisters, and her grandmother. The same writer quotes a case
of CoMif.R, where a child received a chancre of the ej-elid, likewise
from a kiss by a prostitute, who had a chancre of the lip. Egan'
reports a case of a chancre of the neck, on a nurse 60 years old, on
the site of a scratch; she had been accustomed to have a syphilitic
infant go to .i^leep with its mouth just over the scratch; Egan*
also gives a case where a woman, acting as a dry-nurse to a syph-
ilitic child, acquired a chancre of the lip, she acknowledging that
she both kissed the child, and more than once applied her lips to
sores which the child had about the anus. Chancres from acci-
dental tooth-wounds given by children, have been mentioned in
the preceding chapter.
2. Infection by digital contact. This may occur in two different
directions, and under several different conditions: ist. The adult
being infected from a child, and jnd. The child receiving the
infection from the adult; of each of these many instances are on
record. First we will consider the subject of chancre on the finger
in the adult. It is generally considered that wet-nurses acquire
chancres only on the brea.st, but Au^i'irz quotes SchOller' in a
case, where the syphilis of the nurse began with a lesion on the
linger; and, as illustrating the other aspect of the proposition, we
may refer to Sic-mukd"'" who records an instance where a midwife
with chancre of the finger infected her own child with a chancre in
the angle of the lips, by inserting the finger to cleanse its mouth.
There are still other series of cases, which illustrate the opera-
tion of the finger as a mediate object, in conveying the syphilitic
INFECTION BY D/G/TAL CONTACT 169
poison, between infants and adults. These cases may be jfrouped
into four categories : ist. The adult free from syphilis becomes
infected by means of the finger; ind. The adult syphilitic infects
an infant ; jd. A healthy infant infects itself from an adult, by the
finger; 4th. A syphilitic infant infects an adult. The first of
these will come more properly in the next chapter, on syphilis
Uchnica. The second division is well illustrated bj- two rases re-
ported by Baudry;''' in one of them a child, 25 months old, re-
ceived a chancre of the right lower eyelid; the child having con-
junctivitis, the nurse's sister-in-law rubbed its eyelids with her
finger, moistened with her own saliva, her mouth being found
fidl of mucous patches. In the other case, a child, 4 years old,
received a chancre on the left upper lid from her syphilitic mother,
who, with raucous patches on the month and tongue, did the same
action. Other somewhat similar cases are reported.
The third variety of infection is illustrated by a curious case
reported by Pontet," from Fourniek's clinic, A child, 18 months
old, acquired a chancre of the tongue, from its habit of poking its
own finger into the mouths of others and then into its own mouth ;
the nurse to whom it was occasionally committed was found to
have mucous patches at the comers of the mouth, and in the throat.
Barensprunc,' records a case, where an infant, 16 months old,
recovering from varicella, scratched himself, and inoculated the
inguinal region, from mucous patches existing on the genital and
anal region of its mother, with whom it slept.
As an illustration of the fourth variety of infection, wc may
refer to the following case reported by Sturcie:' An infant with
syphilis, was in the habit of putting its fingers into its own
mouth, and then into the mouths of others, and in this manner
inoculated its father, mother, god-mother, and several others, who
received chancres of the lips or tongue.
3. Aerial transmission of syphilis. Mention has been madt by
writers, of syphilis having been communicated by blowing or
sputtering in the face, the virus coming with the saliva from
mucous patches in the mouth, but no satisfactory cases can be
quoted; although in the next chapter instances will be mentioned
where infection has taken place by aerial transmission of the
virus.
3. lofectioQ by passive contact (during parturition, innocently
in bed, and by contact in carrying). The cases coming under this
170 SYPHILIS mSONTIUM
class may be placed in three groups;
ist. Infection in parturition (from the mother);
zd. Infection during slumber;
^d. Infection by contact in arms.
Although many have questioned, if the infant could be infected
from the mother's parts during parturition, several cases have been
reported which seera to point to its possibility. Guibout' de-
scribes the mode of its occurrence minutely, as though he had
seen it himself, and Benjamin Beli,' states that he has known
different instances of the same. Ricord* also acknowledged its
possibility. Weil' reported a case of chancre of the root of the
nose four weeks after birth, from a mother suffering from condy-
lomata of the labia; Carrekas records an instance of chancre of
the inner angle of the eye in a new-born child, and Thirv* a
chancre on an infant acquired during accouchement. Grijnkeld'
gives a case, where a child eight weeks old was found with a
chancre on the scalp, the mother having lesions on the genitalia,
she having received her syphilis in the middle of pregnancy;
and PciNCELET reported a case of similar infection, said by the
reviewer (Zeissl) to be complete in detail.
Numerous instances are on record, of syphilis being trans-
mitted between adults and infants in bed, one of which was just
noticed in connection with scratching. Trousseau' mentions one
case, where a little boy, of 4 months, had a chancre on the
buttocks, acquired from mucous patches on his mother's vulva, he
being in the habit of going to sleep with the buttocks against her
abdomen. P. Pei.ltzzaki' records a case where a nursling acquired
a chancre of the lower eyelid, from contact with the secretion of
mucous patches in its mother's mouth; the mother had recent
syphilis, and had exercised groat precaution against the infection
of the child, and the infant had slept with her but a single night;
on this night, however, she fell asleep on the child's side, and, on
waking, found its forehead bathed in her saliva, which moistened
the bed-covering continually, she having an incredible number of
mucous patches in the mouth: many other instances are found in
the Synopsis of Literature.
Infection by contact with infants in the arms has occurred not
INFECTION BY CONTACT IN ARMS 171
infrequently, both- in the case of, ist. Adults infected by infants,
and, and. Infants infected from adults. Waller' speaks of the
case of a woman, 70 years old, who contracted a chancre on the
left cheek, and one on the left neck, the points where she was
accustomed to hold a syphilitic infant, in quieting her to sleep.
C. Pellizzari'" reports the case of a girl of 16 years, who carried
to the Dispensary a syphilitic child, and upon her right cheek she
received a chancre, just where the baby rested when asleep.
Ory" relates two instances, from the clinic of HARnv, where girls
contracted chancres of the forearm, from mucous patches on the
anus of the child. Dowse records also the case of a girl, with a
chancre of the forearm, from holding a syphilitic child ; in the end
the case in the girl proved fatal, from nervous lesions. Cusack '
gives a case where a chancre on the thumb occurred from carrying
a syphilitic child, and Keves' one where the arm was so affected.
In addition to themethodsof communication of syphilis between
adults and children which have been here mentioned, there are,
of course, many more which have either not been recorded, or have
escaped detection; many cases are reported, where the simple
fact of the transmission of syphilis is recorded, but no definite
data are given, while in many more the exact methods of infection
could never be determined. Sufficient has been given, however,
to quite justify Fourniek's remark,' that "nothing is so dangerous
to its surroundings as a syphilitic infant,"
■ Foufuier. SypbiiuciL Mariai^c. Pari*, iSSo, p, 211.
CHAPTER IX.
b. syphilis sporadica (continued). iii. syphilis technica
i. operator the victim: 2. operator the
syphilifer: 3. operator the medium.
In the third great group of cases of syphilis, where the disease
is communicated in connection with the various forms of body
service, medical and surgical, or of like nature, we find a ready
division into three classes:
I St. Where the operator is the victim;
2nd. Where the operator is the syphilifer; and,
3d. Where the operator is the medium.
These classes are again divided and subdivided, until, as in the
preceding chapters, we find a large number of ultimate final divi-
sions, there being here nearly fifty subjects about which cases can
be grouped : they will be considered under the three main divi-
sions already mentioned.
I. Operator the Victim of Syphilitic Inoculation.
Here we find, first, two classes of cases, according as the infection
occurs, accidentally,
I St. From imneccssary exposure; and,
2nd. From necessary exposure.
In all of these cases, the exposure is in a measure unnecessary,
resulting in some degree from carelessness, either in wounding a
part, or in having an abraded surface unprotected, through which
the virus may enter: but in the second class of cases, a certain
amount of exposure may be necessary, from the nature of the
service rendered, and often inoculation occurs in a manner which
was ([uitc unforeseen and unpreven table. A large number of
eases are rej^orted, simply as "professional infection,'* without
details, wliile eertain eases have been reported more fully.
SYPHILIS ACQUIRED IN OPERATIONS 173
Hutchinson somewhere speaks of having seen over 100 cases of
syphilis thus acquired by physicians, and Paget is quoted as
having seen 50 cases, of which 5 were fatal.
1. Professional infection by unnecessary exposure. Two classes
of cases are included here: 1. Accidental wounds in surgical
operations; and, a. Infection from the cadaver.
1. Operative injection. One of the most interesting cases of
this kind is that of Mr. Coote,'p' who twice inoi-ulated himself in
operations, at an interval of twenty-two years: the first inocula-
tion may have been chancroidal, although some secondarj' symp-
toms were reported; the second was clearly syphilitic. Haruie
(in the same report of the English Commission, p. i6j) mentions
the case of a physician where a second infection took place, the
chancre occurring on the finger as the result of a wound, received
in dividing a stricture of the rectum in a recent syphilitic,
ZEissL"was inoculated in opening a bubo in a syphilitic subject,
and ScARENZio* was also infected with syphilis b}- a digital chancre :
the late Dr. Nott, quoted by Lvdston' and a number of other
physicians in this country, are known to have acquired syphilis in
operations iipon syphilitic patients: some of the original cases
reported in Chapter IV. were of this nature.
2. Cadaveric infection. A number of writers speak of infec-
tion of anatomists, in dissections made on syphilitic cadavers:
thus, Julmen' quotes Sweulaur as having seen anatomists infected
from the dead body, and the same is reported by Sommeki.nc, and
also by Howaru; the latter gives the case, in detail, of a surgeon
who wounded the finger on a splinter of bone in a .syphilitic corpse.
One of the most interesting cases claimed for this source of infec-
tion is that quoted by Laoneal',' of Hour.mann, physician at the
Lourcine Hospital, who died from the effects of syphilis, received
on the index finger of the left hand, which was wounded on a
cadaver. Rumpf' and Tavlok™ have recently reported cases of
this nature.
2. Professional infection by necessary exposure. The next
group of cases relates to such as occur from the grciitcr or less
necessary exposure to syphilitic infection, in the performance of
acts incident to a profession or calling, and includes surgeons,
accoucheurs and midwives, dentists, attendants, etc. The
infection may be, i. Manual (or digital); and, 2. Cephalic.
■ JuUien. Tnutt pnl. i.i mti. viair. :>nd Ed., i93I^ p. ~e.»
174 SYPHILIS JNSONTIUM
I. Infection b; manual (or digit&l) cont&ct. In this the infection
may occur on the hand, or be carried by the finger to other parts.
1. Physicians and surgeons in manipulattie procedures. In the ordi-
nary palpation of genital chancres, as well as in the examination of
primary and secondary lesions in the mouth, and elsewhere, also
in vaginal and rectal explorations, physicians and surgeons have
repeatedly been infected, and the subject is so well recognized
that it need not be dwelt upon here. Some of the original cases of
finger chancre detailed in Chapter IV. were acquired in this
manner. A very interesting case is related by Jullien." An
eminent specialist had a slight, bleeding lesion on the finger, and
was called upon to examine a chancre upon the upper surface of
the glans penis. He held the wounded finger carefully aloof from
the sore, but, during the examination, he found that there was a
second chancre of the scrotum, which had just come in contact
with the abrasion which he had striven to protect. Recognizing
the danger, he at once washed carefully, and cleansed the part
thoroughly ; but all in vain, a chancre formed on the wounded part
and the syphilis ran its course. Juulien argues from this, that
absorption begin; the moment that perfect contact takes place.
Chl'rchill reports the case of a chancre on the palmar surface of
the thumb, in a medical student, who frequently palpated venereal
sores, and took no precautions against infection, but boasted of
liis continued escape. Many cases of this kind are found in the
Synopsis of Literature,
The infection may be by mediate objects. Cullerier* reports
the case of a pupil of his, who contracted a labial chancre, "in con-
sequence of a bad habit, which he continued, in spite of my advice,
that of placing between his lips, the pen used in recording cases,
and which was soiled by his own fingers, that had been placed on
all sorts of ulcerations." Jumon' records a ca.se, from Fournier's
Clinic, where a physician used a paper-cutter as a tongue-
depressor, on a syphilitic ca.se with confluent mucous patches;
neglecting to cleanse it he shortly placed it in his mouth, and
acquired a chancre of the lip.
2. Accoucheurs and Miiltvives, afford by far the largest number of
cases of infections of this class, and, as will be seen in the next
section, they have sometimes been thereby the innocent means of
propagating syphilis, among others, even to a very distressing
extent. In Chapter IV are given several cases of physicians who
SYPHIUS ACQUIRED /.V OBSTETRICS 175
ttecame thus infected, one of whom subsequently communicated
the disease to his wife. Lee ** gives an interesting case, where
a medical man, in performing craniotomy, had his finger between
the bones of the fcetal head when a pain came on ; the finger was
injuied thereby, and a chancre followed, with a protracted course
of secondary symptoms; Cairns reports a case where a physician,
recently recovered from severe scarlatina, acquired a chancre of
the finger, which required amputation and was followed by
galloping syphilis.
In certain of these cases of obstetrical syphilis, the chancre on
the finger may be so slight as actually to escape obser\'ation, its
presence being indicated, only by a remaining adenopathy, and
the secondarj- symptoms. Hutchinson' and Pellizzari' mention
such cases, and I have met with two instances of the same.
Midwives have frequently been reported as acquiring digital
chancre in their calling, and it is not a little interesting to note
that, according to Lee," this mode of infection is mentioned in the
first treatise published in the English language upon the luti
venerea, by William Clowes, one of Her Majesty's Chimrgeons, in
the year 1596: he says "I have known, not many years past, three
good and honest midwives infected with this disease, called lues
venerea, by bringing ahed three infected women, of three infected
children; which infection was chiefly fixed upon the midwives'
fingers and hands, "
3. Dentists occasionally acquire chancres of the fingers, in their
profession, although the reported cases are relatively few.
Hutchinson" gives a plate representing " a well-marked, circular,
indurated sore, on the pulp of a finger of a dentist; it had been
produced by a scratch on a patient's tooth." Neu.mann' also
reported a similar case, followed by severe syphilis, and Lesage*
and Tavlor," report instances of the same; an Anonymous' case has
also been reported in Boston. A case has recently been reported to
me by Dr. Baldwin, of Columbus. Ohio, where a dentist wounded
one of his fingers, with an instrument called a "plugger," while
filling a tooth; a chancre developed at the site of injurj-, which
was still present, accompanied with full signs of secondary
syphilis.
Huidiiiuon. Snihiliv London, .M7. p. ,
u
P.llui«i DtlU l»n.R.i»onc «cidfni. d.
llj. »(,\,A
.EJS, p.
17* syp/nus insontium
4. Infection of attendants. Chancres have also been produced in
attendants (and likewise in physicians) on the eyelids, nostrils and
lips, by conveying the virus on the fingers to the parts infected ; of
these, numerous instances have been reported, which need not be
here detailed. Wendt* cites the case of an old attendant, who
carried about in his arms a syphilitic patient, with severe secondary
eruption, who acquired on the face, not far from the nose, a
primary syphilitic sore, of phajredenic nature.
2. Infection by cephalic (buccal or facial) contact. Breast drawing
and wound sucking have been the means ot acquiring syphilis, by
those who have performed these offices ; but, as these have also
been fruitful sources of the communication of syphilis, to those on
whom the action is performed, the subject will be deferred for full
consideration in the next section, where the operator is the syphtlifer.
A single case only, has been found, where syphilis was acquired
in the operation of inflating the lungs of the new-born. Wiggles-
worth' reports such a case, in a physician, who had attended a
woman in confinement, who bore a syphilitic child: the child being
partially asphyxiated, he placed his own mouth to its lips, and
thus acquired a chancre of the tonsil.
Cases have been reported, where the syphilitic viras has been
carried directly from the patient to the physician, by means of
expired air in coughing, etc., without the intervention of any
mediate object, Desmakkls' reports such an instance, where a
young physician was engaged in Kwabbing, or cauterizing a
patient's throat, in which were pharyngeal mucous patches: the
patient gagged, and projected some drops of saliva into the
physician's face and eyes, and a chancre of the eyelid followed:
Leloir* states that he has seen an example of this kind, and quotes
FuuKMER to like effect.
11, OptKATtik THE FLKMi.i!t:R Ol SVPHILITLC INFECTION,
The next section ( Operator the sypkiUfer) refers to those cases
where the operator, having syphilis, communicates the disease to
others in various forms of body service. Here we find two main
groups:
rst. Where the infection is produced by direct contact with the
subject: and
jnd. Where the infection is produced through a mediate agency,
the operator infecting the instrument.
SYPHILIS COAfMUX/CATED IN EXAMINATIONS, ETC, 177
1. /nfaction by direct contact. The cases belonging to the first
group are further divisible into those produced, ist. By Digital
contact ; and, znd. By Buccal contact, which will be considered
separatel}'.
I. Infectioa by digital contact. The finger may be the means of
transmitting syphilis under two conditions :
ist. When the infecting finger is the seat of a chancre; and,
and. When the infecting finger is soiled by secretions, saliva,
etc.
I. Syphilis conveyed in ckintrgicat manipulation. Hutchinson"
records a case where an obstetric physician with a chancre
of the finger, examined a lady for piles, before he had suspected
the true nature of his own sore; as a result of this examination,
a chancre was produced on one of the nates, "exactly where
the finger had probably rested in opening the parts;" she after-
wards suffered from constitutional sj-philis. Clossius' quotes
the case of inoculation from the finger, soiled with infected saliva,
introduced into the mouth, for the purpose of raising the uvula.
Broick^ and Krellino ' record cases where infection was produced
by the application of the finger, wet with saliva, to an erysipelatous
surface.
a. Syphilis conveyed in obftetrical manipulation. The communi-
cation of syphilis by accoucheurs and midwives, occupies a promi-
nent place in the literature of the disease, and is such a well-
established fact, that it needs but little illustration here. In all
the accounts of the endemic appearances of syphilis, as detailed in
Chapter VI., we find it constantly noted, that the disease was
communicated in this manner, and the table of epidemic syphilitic
visitations, found in the same chapter, contains many similar
instances.
The celebrated epidemic at Saint- Euphemie, in France,' was
of this nature. A midwife acquired a chancre of the right index
finger, followed by a full attack of constitutional syphilis: she
Still exercised her calling for four months, in spite of, and during
the existence of, the chancre, and communicated syphilis to more
than fifty women, and through them at least thirty other persons
were attacked. Very recently Dr. Himi: reported an epidemic in
England, where thirty married women, nine husbands, and two
infants contracted syphilis directly or indirectly, from a diseased
1 Rollel. Tnil« do msL lialt. FuL), Ati:, y. 151.
18
178 SYPNILIS /NS0N7IUM
midwife; Bardinet* records an epidemic in France, where over
one hundred were infected.
A remarkable instance is recorded by Colles,' where an accou-
cheur, two years after having; had a chancre of the finger, and
after having undergone mercurial treatment, (even to a greater
degree than usual), infected a number of women, from a second-
ary sore on the finger, caused by an accidental injury in a window
sash. Hutchensiin" mentions a case where a young woman
acquired three chancres, on the labia, from a midwife who had a
chancre of the finger.
A curious mode of communicating syphilis in connection with
accouchement, was observed by Bleynie. A woman was in the
habit of wetting her fingers in her mouth, when handling the
umbilical cord, to recover it when retracted, and in this manner, a
very considerable number of infants were infected with syphilis.
It may be interesting to note, that, while in surgeons and
accoucheurs, the primary lesion has commonly been reported upon
the finger, and, in the latter, most frequently on the index finger,
in midwives the larger number of cases occur on the thumb and
elsewhere (Bramiulla, Pi.trMEPT, and others, on the thumb,
Neumann, on the hand, Baudinet, on the middle finger, Engel-
STEO, one on the third finger, and twif on the fourth finger, etc.).
2. Infection by buccal contact. Under this category come cases ia
which infection occurs:
I St. With an open wound ; and,
ind. Without any known wound.
1. Buccal infection through an open wound. Here are included
cases referring to wound sucking, and the practice of staunching
the blood by the mouth, after ritual circumcision.
Sucking of recent wounds, has on m an j' occasions, given opportu-
nity for the entrance of the syphilitic virus, and a number of
cases are on record, where sucking the part, to prevent a "black
eye " from a blow, has given rise to a chancre ; an interesting case
is reported bj' Beeklley Hfll:' A man aged 33, received a blow
on the cheek in a fight, which drew blood; to prevent a blact eye
the wound was sucked by his antagonist, and quickly healed, and
all trouble disappeared. Six weeks later, flat tubercles appeared
on the part, which crusted over, and were accompanied by enlarged
lymphatic glands, at the angle of the jaw on that side; constitu-
tional symptoms soon followed. His wife was infected within
SYPHILIS COMMUNICATED IN CIRCUMCISION \\
two months, and she infected her nursing child, through miicoi
patches found on the right breast, the child receiving a chanc
in the left side of the mouth.
A curious instance is reported from Fournier's service \
JuMON,' where a young woman was cut on the calf of the leg, 1
a bursting champagne bottle. Fearing lest glass should hai
remained in the flesh, a companion sucked the wound, and
chancre, followed by constitutional syphilis, resulted: the frier
was examined, and found to have mucous patches in the mout
Anderson, Meighan, Robbins, and Van Haklincen have al;
reported chancres from sucking wounds.
Ritual anumeision, has frequently been followed by the inoci
lation of syphihs, and as will be seen in the table of epidemic
this practice has sometimes been the occasion of very extensii
spread of the disease.
The earliest record accessible in regard to this subject,
that given by Rust,' and as it details the method in which 1
made the discovery of the source of infection, it may not be witl
out interest. In 1805, a number of new-born children in a Jewi;
institution, were found to have ulcers of the penis. Called :
investigate the matter, Rust found that this trouble was confine
entirely to male infants, and that almost every one circun
cised at that time, acquired what he recognized to be a chancr
resulting from the circumcision wound. The mothers, nurse
and attendants were examined, but no cause for the matter ecu!
be found. Recognizing that the sores could not come froi
venereal contagion, he conchided that it was connected with tl
ritual act, and he watched the man who performed the servici
he found that, after excision, he placed the wounded part in tl
mouth, previous to dusting on a drying powder. Examining tl
man carefully at once, he found that his mouth and throat wei
full of venereal sores, {mucous patches). Wendt' mentions cas<
of the same nature, stating that the operator is obliged, by a la
in the Talmud, to suck the blood from the cut part, Aleek
refers to a case, under the care of Biett, of a Jewish hoy wl
had been circumcised by a syphilitic Rabbi, and who becan
syphilitic thereby, beginning with an ulcer of the penis. Sint
this time, numerous cases have been observed in different localitii
by Taylor,' KfiooTOFF, and over a dozen others, and quii
recently, Jaff£ has considered the subject in reference to ant
i8o SYPHILIS INSONTJUM
feeptic surgerj'. He quotes Pitha in the statement, that, in Vienna
thirty boys were infected in a short time by one operator; and also
mentions, that Vanier was once consulted by an old operator in
this rite, on account of painful aphtha; in the mouth, and that he
saw also a boy, who had been recently operated on by this man,
and who had been infected with syphilis from him.
Hutchinson" has recentlj- advanced the idea that in cases of
ritual circumcision the infection was not always acquired from the
mouth of the operator (psyllc or niohel), but was conveyed by
other means ; in a group of cases, which he investigated, he be-
lieved that the poison was retained in some lint, which the operator
carried in his surgical case, where he was accustomed to lay the
excised prepuce, in order to take it home that it might be ceremo-
niously buried; this lint was afterwards iised as an application to
other circumcision wounds. The operator was found to be free
from syphilis, and, moreover, he never sucked the penis to staunch
the blood. It may be stated, that other observers have often failed
to find syphilitic lesions in the mouth of the operator. On the other
hand, as already detailed, many observers have seen the disease
communicated in the manner described, and so well recognized
was this manner of transmitting syphilis, that it was the subject
of judicial inquiry in France, and RruoRD ' was finally instrumental
in having the practice of .staunching the blood by the mouth
abandoned in Paris.
2. Buccal in/evtinii with apparently iinhrokin surfaa. Two quite
different operations come under this category,
ist. Breast-drawing; and.
and, Removing forei^Ti particles from the eye.
Each of these practices have, at times, );iven infection to a
considerable number uf jiersons.
I. Breasl-drawiiis. as a means of conveying syphilis, has been
known for many years, indeed, some of the earliest epidemics of
the disease were caused in this manner. Thus, Ever.*ri>us, of
Middelbourg, records an epidemic in Holland in 1654, where a
professional breast-drawer infected many patients with chancres
of the breast; these in turn infected their nurslings, and these
communicated the disease to nurse-maids and servant-girls, from
chewing pap, kissing, etc. The most recent epidemic of this
nature, occurred in 1S80, and is found recorded by Leloir.' A
SYPHILIS COMMUNICATED IN BREAST-DRAWING iSi
woman, engaged in breast- drawing, received a chancre of the lowei
Up from one of her clients whose husband was syphilitic. Igno-
rant of the importance of her complaint, which she attributed tc
a bum from a hot potato, she continued her calling without seeking
medical advice, and infected successively many women whom
she had attended. Certain of these cases came under the care ot
the physician who wrote the account to Leloir, which presented
the following facts : The first woman acquired a chancre of the
nipple (base of the left), her child became syphilitic, and her husband
also acquired the disease, through the child's nursing- hot tie. The
second case was in a multipara, whose chilli died syphilitic: the
third case was also that of a multipara, who had a most severe
attack of syphilis, with early cerebral manifestations, and died
about a year after acquiring the chancre. The fourth case was in
a primipara, who acquired chancre of the breast, which she gave
to her infant, who in turn infected its wet-nurse, and she her own
child. These cases, arranged graphically, appear as follows :
Mad. A. (cluiiioreofnipple)
.,.i.„.
,..„^:iSpp,„
»J,
lafKU
1
(ohancre ol nipple)
(had early nervous
ofn?'
Own infant
1
i.yphili» and dii:d,
faifoct.
\
(Jit'd).
about a year later).
1
FaU>«r ([rom au
raiog-bottle)-
inf^-^i
Occasionally, the function of breast-drawing is performed by
some other person than the professional, such as a mcmlicr of tlie
household, husband, friend ur child, and cases arc on record where
syphilis has thus been disseminated. Durkle * reports au instance,
under the care of Dr. Bigelow, of Boston, which is full of interest.
A wet-nurse lost her child suddenly, and her breasts wore dis-
tended; to relieve them she engaged a female friend and her
daughter, aged 14, to draw the milk by the mouth several times
i8a SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
daily, and they both became syphilitic. Joly reports a case, where
a syphilitic foundling infected a wet-nurse. Her own son, aged lo,
then drew her breasts and became syphilitic; several other women
were also in need of aid, and the boy performed the same office
for them, and several of them became infected from him; one of
these women infected her own child, and her sister's infant from
the sore on the breast, of the nature of which she was ignorant;
her eldest daughter also became infected, by means of eating
utensils used for the infant, and her husband acquired the disease
from her. Put in tabular form, these cases stand thus:
Srphilltic fouadtiDg
iofecw
PoBier-mother(chBncrenf breast)
inFects
Own son, .o years of age (by brcasWlrawinEj
RoLLEv' reports the case of a woman, aged 30, who took a
nursling, who appeared healthy, but later died of hereditary
syphilis; she had an indurated ulcer of the nipple, with axillary
and pectoral adenopathy, and her daughter 10 years old, became
infected on the lip from drawing off the milk.
A singular ca.se is reported by Rii'i',' where a child, six months
old, was infected by its dry-nurse; the child then infected its
nurse-mother, with sores on the nipple, so that nursing was dis-
continued. The husband, to relieve the breasts tried to draw off
the milk through the bowl of a clay pipe, and acquired syphilis,
beginning in the throat.
z. The application of the tongue to the eye for the purpose of remov-
ing foreign particles, has on repeated occasions been the means of
communicating syphilis, and on one occasion, at least, was the
cause of a small epidemic. Tei'LJaschik, a government physician
in Wjalha, reported, that in two small villages in Russia, having
8 1 families with a total population of 53a, he found 68 individuals
SYPHILIS COMMUNICATED BY TATTOOING iSj
infected with syphilis, aj males and 45 females: about one-quartei
of them were under 10 years of age. One-half the entire numbei
were infected by a female quack, who had followed the industry ol
removing foreign bodies, and treating trachoma, with the tongue.
This practice is said to be still very common among the ignorant,
Russian peasants, and to be employed in various eye diseases.
This woman became infected in her calling, and pursued it with
the results mentioned.
Nearly a dozen writers have reported cases of syphilis trans-
mitted by this same method, several of them occurring in thif
country; two of these recorded by Montgomery, may be of special
interest. A patient had spilled pepper into her eye, and a servant-
girl, said to be badly diseased, had tried to remove it by sweeping
the tongue over the conjunctiva; a chancre of the left upper lid
resulted. The second case, was that of an hostler, who had a small
foreign body in his eye, which a "chum" removed with his
tongue: a chancre of the middle of the left upper lid resulted;
Andrews has recently reported a similar case occurring in thi;
city.
a. Infection 6/ /nsf/"umen/o/oo/ifoe^(the instrument beingsoiled
by the operator's saliva).
Tattooing and Cupping have been repeatedly reported as having
conveyed syphilis, and in each of these operations the infection
may occur in two manners:
1st, By a soiling of the instruments with the operator's saliva;
and,
and. By the transference of the poison from one subject to
another.
It will be seen that the second class of cases belong to the next
main group, where tAe operator is the medium; but for convenience
they will both be considered together here, for it is often very
difficult to determine exactly as to whether the poison was
furnished hy the operator, or by another subject.
I. Tattooing. As seen in Table III. of extra-genital chancres, in
Chapter III., records have been found of 8j instances which have
been reported, where syphilis has been conveyed by the process
of tattooing, while a number of writers speak of the same in
general terras, referring to "many cases." Tardieu' states, that
a soldier, with syphilitic lesions in the mouth communicated the
1 84 'SYPHILIS INSONTWM
disease thus, to "a large number of his comrades." Rollet*
remarks that many military surgeons have cited cases of syphilis
from tattooing, observed in Africa, where the practice is very
common. In most of these cases, the syphilis has been derived
from mucous patches in the mouth of the operator, through the
practice of wetting the needles with saliva during the operation,
or of using the saliva to moisten the pigment introduced : Geigel,*
however, in referring to certain cases reported by Poilroux, con-
sidered that they were probably caused by the use of the same
needles on both infected and healthy subjects, as will be seen to
be the case, occasionally, in vaccination.
The most complete and interesting account of syphilis commu-
nicated by tattooing, is found in the careful and exhaustive report
of Maurv and Dulles, who give a minute detail of fifteen persons
who acquired the disease in this manner from one operator. The
man who had pursued the practice had been operating in many
cities, and it is supposed that he inoculated a much larger number
of individuals; he was arrested in Philadelphia, and at the time of
the report he was detained in the House of Correction; his mouth
then presented active mncous lesions, which had existed for six
months or more, as the investigation showed from the records of
institutions where he had been treated from time to time,
z. Wet-cupping has, on a number of occasions, been the cause of
epidemics of syphilis, sometimes of considerable extent ; this has
happened mainly, of course, among the more ignorant, peasant
communities of Europe, where the practice was often carried on
by itinerant persons, ur occasionally in bathing establishments.
In many of these cases the virus was supplied by the operators,
who wet the cups with their mouths; in others the contagion was
given from one person to another, by the scarifying instruments
or cups.
Tlie celebrated Maladie de Bniitn,'^ in Moravia, in 1578, was of
this nature, and during the space of two or three months 80 per-
sons were attacked in the village, and nearly one hundred in the
neighborhood, besides others in the surnmndingcountry. Hjelt'
describes an epidemic occurring in the village of Hakola, in
Finnland, in 1858, where almost joo persons were infected, the
operator being a woman suffering from syphilis; he also mentions
■ RolltL Annals dc llum,, » Uc Sy|,li.. I. (.w.^), ,.. ,.j"^
■ S« Kullri, TniiU (1« W»l. venir., I'=ri». iBbQ, p. ,59.
SYPHILIS COMMUNICATED BY SKIN-GRAFTING 1S5
several other smaller epidemics, amounting to over 100 more infec-
tions, and quotes Dr. Graulund, as having seen many instances
of the same. The latter writer believed that the virus was con-
veyed by means of the cups, which were made of horn, and
which so absorbed the poison that no cleansing could remove it;
he, therefore, advocated using glass cups instead.
We come now to speak of the third group of cases, in which the
operator acts as the medium, conveying the virus on some instru-
ment or object from one person to another.
Ml. Operator the Medium of Syphilitic Infection.
Here there are three general classes found :
ist. Where there is some intentional transference of solid or
liquid substances, which are found to contain the poison;
and. Where unclean instruments act as the medium; and,
3d. Where unclean substances act as the medium.
I. Infection by means of transplantation and inoculation. These
may be either,
I. Solid, organized substances; or,
a. Liquid substances.
1. Solid organized substances, the medium of syphHitie infection.
This includes,
I. Transplantation of teeth; and,
a. Skin grafting.
I. Transp/antation of teeth has been the means of conveying
syphilis, as shown in the cases of Hunter,^ W. Watson, and others;
as this operation may yet occasionally be pcrf(.rmcd, as reported by
Miller' and others, these observations are not without practical
interest.
3. Skin-grafting is reported by Decbel, as having caused the
inoculation of syphilis: A man, 49 years old, had a large ulcerated
surface, consequent upon gangrenous erysipelas, and upon this
surface, forty-live epidermic grafts were inserted. Thirty-three
of these took, and at a later period, forty-three more grafts were
applied. The cicatrization proceeded rapidly for a while, when a
small greyish spot appeared, an inch in diameter, and very shortly
the whole surface became involved in a large ulcer; this remained
open for three months, and at the end of this time, an erj-thcma-
tous eruption and other syphilitic phenomena appeared; the
lS6 SYPHILIS INSQNTIUM
original ulceration then healed under specific treatment. Just
before the eruption appeared, the son of the patient, who had
funiished some of the grafts, came under Dr. Deubel's treatment
for ulcerations at the anus, which were found to be mucous
patches.
a. Liguid substances ike medium gf syphUiiie infection. Under this
head are included infection in the operations of,
I. Vaccination;
a. Variolation; and,
3. Syphilizatioii (so called).
I. Vaccinal Syphilis. The subject of the conveyance of syphilis
by vaccination, is a very large one, and could alone fill many books,
with the data which have been recorded m connection there-
with. The memorable debate, in the French Academy of
Medicine in 1865,' marked an epoch in the development of the
subject, which is now well-recognized, and the principle.^ connect-
ed with it belong to the common knowledge of the profession.
Hevu' has made a careful study of the matter, and gives a very
full bibliography of the subject; also Kjerner,' Petit,* Freund,'
and Foursier' have written exhaustive essays upon the same.
Fkeund gives a chronological list of authenticated cases up to the
year 1880, with abstracts of the data; the cases foot up to about
400, with a large number of additional infections from them; he,
however, does not refer to any episodes occurring in this country.
As will be seen from Chapter VI., vaccination has at times
given rise to many epidemics of sj-philis, almost more than those
from any other single cause; the first of these occurred in 1814,
since which time groups of cast;s, from the same cause, have been
reported almost to the date of writing; during the late civil war in
this country, syphilitic infection occurred in a large number of
instances, estimated even as high as a thousand persons. A
number of the episodes were reported, and the actual cases
mentioned amounted to nearly four hvindred, as collected by
FosTEK,' who has presented the subject very strongly.
One of the largest, as well as the most perfectly reported single
> Uelu
s,phiLi.va«:rr»1..
elc, Pa
I>, iBB,.
■Hixf
Ziirr«g=d<rU
d- Syj.h-
:r. On.Srphilu
li.1,).phi
, Siia.lih
• Pciii.
. pat In
• Freui
1. ZurPiuphyUi
pisyphil
• Fournier, Xx^aoi lur la
yphili.
SYPltlLlS CO.VML'XICATED /.V I'A CCIJVA T/O.V
.87
epidemic of vaccinal syphilis, is that recorded by Pacchiotti,' as
taking place in the year 1861 ; this occurred in the town of Rival ta,
in Italy, a village of about aooo inhabitants, where 8o persons
were syphilized, either directly or indirectly, through vaccination.
The first vaccination was practised on a child named Chiabrera,
eleven months old, with vaccine -matter in a tube from the public
institute at Acqui; the child was supposed to be perfectly healthy,
but it was afterwards learned that he had been infected with
syphilis, two or three months previously, by a woman whose
breasts he had drawn, after the death of her own child. This
same woman infected her sister's child, in the same manner, and
she, in turn, infected her mother.
From this first child, Chiabrera, on the lolh day, 46 healthy
children were vaccinated, in 39 of whom syphilis developed. One
of these children, by name Mauzone, served again as vacciniEer
on the loth day, and from him 17 infants were vaccinated; of
these 7 acquired syphilis, and he also gave the disease to his wet-
nurse, and himself died from it, within three months. From
these 4G children, who were infected in these two scries of vaccin-
ations, 16 mothers and nurses received the disease, within eight
months, together with 3 other chddren, who had not been
vaccinated ; five of the women gave the disease to their husbands,
it beginning with a chancre on the penis, a total of 80 up to
the time of the report of the Commission; of the infected
children 7 died. Put in tabular form, this epidemic stands thus:
(by vBecioalEon) (by vac etna lion) (bj- suAling)
UnOHiis ja other children. Own inather,
InfecU (oDd dies)
1
.tioi.)
AT-
Mkling)
(by
!
Ita w
^-n
Toil
'\.t
dren.
i88 SYPHILIS INSONTJUM
Another verj' striking, though smaller epidemic, spread largely
by vaccination, is that reported by Adelasio,' which occurred near
Bergamo, in Northern Italy, in i86z. Six children were vaccinated
from a child, GirolamaCarenini, who, although apparentlyhealthy,
had had a very mild eruption, which was afterwards regarded as
syphilitic; of these six vaccinees, five had syphilis, and from them
six nursing-women acquired chancres on the nipple, and four other
persons were infected in various ways. Four husbands were sub-
sequently infected by their wives, besides three other children, from
nursing; one of these again communicated syphilis to another
nursing mother, a total of twenty-three persons from the original
vaccinifer. In tabular form, these cases appear as follows:
in faded infected
1 {b>- suiklmg)
1 > 1 1
Molher, 1 Sisler, Mother (chancre
(chancre (hy of nipplel.
oCnlpple)! spivon). infptted
iM.
M.
chi
;:i
ifer"*^'
.) R. L. (aged . raos.) J. V. (i^ed
infected £nK».>
J_ _ infected
Mm her Brother
infected (flgodiyrs.)
1 {by spooQ}.
C. L. (Aunt, Husband
chancre nipple) (chancre penis).
C. C, Nurse (Chan. Mother
iriT.i nipple) (ehatic. nipple) "
nnd S. C, {her son) infected
(Erom same di^he>). |
<by cutsinK) (by nursing)
Own child. A. L., \.-phew
Her o Jn infant HuilMmll
(by nursing). (chancre
penis).
(by 5uckliBH>
Space forbids ou ■ entering fully upon the various points in
connection with the tran.smission of .■;yphilis by vaccination, which
have, indeed, been fully discussed by many, and which find
full elaboration in certain works on syphilis, notably that by
FoL'RNiER," iin " SypJiili'i Vaccinalc. "
It m;iy be remarked, hnwevei". that a study of the cases which
have been carefully reported by many observers, shows that
vaccino-syphilis differs in some respects from syphilis transmitted
in other ways, and may, in a measure, throw light on the disease
as it occurs endemically, under various forms and with different
names Itappears tobe somewhat influenced by the man}- elements
SYPHILIS COMMUNICATED IN VACCINATION, ETC. 1S9
of race, climate, and other canses, so that sometimes it has not
been recognized until after long and patient study, in the light of
later obser\'ations. In vaccino-sj-philis the incubation of the
disease is certainly hastened, so that, as appears also in the
epidemics cited, the vesicle, even by the eighth day, can develop
syphilitic virus sufficient to inoculate many others, and this again
on the eighth day may repeat the process. Again, the syphilis
may be so latent that the child may appear to be in blooming
health and still ser\-e as a syphilifer.
a. Variolation, The operation of inoculating for variola, has
been charged with conveying also syphilis,' but no authentic cases
are accessible.
3. Syphilization, in the strict sense of the word, namely, the
inoculation of an individual free from syphilis, with the blood
or morbid secretions from a syphilitic person, will almost, if not
quite invariably, be followed by a development of the disease;
it is this, of course, which takes place in every case of infection.
Occasionally this has been done intentionally, as in the well-
known experiments some years ago, in the study of syphilis, by
Wallace, Waller, Pkllizzaki, Bihenkivp, and others. Occasion-
ally the poison has been introduced accidentally in the so called
process of syphilization, or the repeated inoculation with chan-
croidal virus, which was advocated so strongly some years ago.
by Sperino' and Boeck.
An interesting case was reported by D.amelssf.n,' where a leper
had been inoculated with "virus of a soft chancre, to the extent
of nearly four hundred inoculations, when the secretion of an
indurated chancre was accidentally inserted. The inoculated point
healed, but a month afterwards an indurated sore appeared,
followed by unmistakable signs of secondary syphilis."
a. InfMtion by moans of unclean instruments. Under this cate-
gory we find cases where infection took place:
ist. By means of cutting instruments; and,
and. By means of blunt instruments,
I. lafection bj means of cutting inatrumenta. Two classes of cases
may be found here, according as i . The wound is accidental ; and,
a. The wound is intentional.
■ D< U lyphllk vicciiule. Commuiicaliont a I'Acail. it mcH., PsrC<. 1S6;, p. »q.
■Spnioo. LaSifiUiaiionf suidiiiiiiqualmrKoiiiratiTCHclc. Torino, I Si J.
■Dwiielwa: cilcd by Lce.— Lccluruon Sypbilii, etc, Pbila., iBjj, p, li*.
19° SYPHILIS INSONTIL'M
I. Infection by accidental professional wounds. The only instances
which have been found of this description, are those relating to
dentists' instruments, and those given by the razor in shaving.
1. Dental instruments. In Chapter IV, an original case. No.
XCIII., is given, where a chancre of the right side of the tongue
resulted from a wound by a dentist, the poison being almost cer-
tainly furnished at the same time.' Lf.loir" mentions the case of
a man with infecting chancre of the gum, in which the contagion
seemed to have been produced by the process of preparing and
filling a decayed tooth; Lancereaux' relates a case of chancre of
the gum in a woman, after extraction of a tooth and other dental
work, and Giovannini,' of Bologna, has reported a chancre of the
lip apparently from a dentist's instrument; Oris' speaks of a case
of a chancre just within the angle of the mouth, on the right side,
appearing characteristically about three weeks after a morning
spent in a dentist's chair; and Dulles' has reported the case of a
"woman who was inoculated with syphilis of the most malignant
type while under a dentist's hands."
Roddick..' of Montreal, Canada, a most careful and competent
observer, has recorded a very interesting case of chancre of the
gum, resulting from infection by means of dental forceps, wherebj"
the gum had been much lacerated, in the extraction of a tooth.
The patient was the wife of a physician, aged about 30, and a
careful study of every detail led to the conclusion that, "in all
probability the instrument used by the dentist was made the
vehicle of contagion, by being brought into contact with a mucous
patch in the mouth of a syphilitic person, previously operated
upon, "
2. Razor wounds. While these have been frequently reported
to be followed by the initial lesion of syphilis, no case has been
found which proves that the infection occurs by means of the razor
itself, indeed, it is most pnibabie that such is never the case; the
frequent sharpening and cleansing of the razor would suffice to
effectually remove any adhering virus. The inoculation possibly
either takes place in the subsequent manipulations by the hands
of the barber, from the towel, or from other means at the time, or,
more frequently from a later introduction of the poison. In
Chapter IV'. will be found characteristic ilhistrations of infection
received through this means (Cases XCV., XCVL, XCVII.,
1 Huiklcy.— Dingen Irom Syphilii in Denllslrr. iDIenut. Uenul Jour., 1S911.
INFECTION IN MINOR SURGICAL OPERATIONS uji
XCVin.). Nearly fifty different observers have reported cases of
this kind, the first, perhaps,' was that of Vallaubi, in 1836. La-
DOiRE-YvER reports the case of an officer, in whom the barber of
the regiment, in order to check hemorrhage from a razor-cut,
pressed firmly on it with his thumb, and a chancre developed on
the cheek in the site of the cut; "when examined, the barber pre-
sented a chancre of the same kind as the victim,"
In many or most of these cases, the shaving was done at a
public establishment. Allen' has recently mentioned a case,
where a man cut himself while shaving with a razor borrowed
from a friend, and in the site of the cut a chancre developed; the
friend had an eruption on the face and body, and was said to be
snffering from syphilis, but there was no confrontation.
2. Infeetiun by intrntionat professional wounds (^h\ehoX.oTay , minor
snrgery, wet-cupping, tattooing, vaccination, etc.).
I. Phlebotomy. In view of the great frequency of bleeding in
former times, and the recklessness with which it was done, often
in large numbers together and in succession, it would not be at all
strange if syphilis were often conveyed to the wound. We find,
however, but little reference to the subject, Bonorden mentions
having seen a case, where a large chancre developed in a wound
made by a lancet ; an instance is quoted from Adam a Lekenwald,
where five healthy persons were bled with a lancet, which had
been recentlyused on a syphilitic, and all five were infected; there
is some doubt, however, in regard to the infection here, as it is
stated that all the five died, which could hardiy be expected from
syphilitic infection.
a, Mitwr surgical operations, have sometimes been followed bj''
syphilitic infection, Lang' reported a case, where a gentleman,
aged about 40, had a furuncle on the forehead which was incised;
instead of healing, a chancre formed, followed by constitutional
symptoms; KObnek" mentions a case, where the opening of an
axillary abscess was followed bj' a chancre, and another, where
the operation of scarifying the scrotum, for " gonorrhttal hydro-
cele," was succeeded by an indurated chancre, with con.stitutional
syphilis, Robinson' relates the case of a buy, six years of age,
of healthy parents, who was circumcised for congenital phymosis,
and who developed thereon an ulcerating lesion, followed by a
mucous patch on the tongue, and a rose-colored rash. Homolle
states that the incision of a furuncle on the buttocks, and the
iga SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
excision of vegetations, have both given occasion for the entrance
of syphilitic poison. Moes has reported a chancre of the eyelid
following the incision of a stye.
I. Wet-cupping, tattooing and vaceination, have been already
treated of, and need not be again considered ; they are mentioned
here in connection with instruments, as the virus has been some-
times conveyed in this manner.
3. Ia>'ection by means of blunt instnimetits { Eustachian-catheters,
surgical sounds and specula, aerres-fines, porte-caustiques, syringes,
and other apparatus),
I. Eustachian eatketerization. One of the most interesting and
deplorable instances uf the communication of syphilis profession-
ally, is by this now well-known method of infection. The first
published case was by E. F(iURS[£, in 1862, and Ricord, who was
called in consultation, stated, that he had seen four similar cases
previously. Since this date, nearly forty observers have reported
cases, amounting iu all to more than 100 victims; of these over 60
were said to have been traced to the practice of a celebrated ear
specialist. Dr. B., in Paris, now dead. Others have been reported
in Germany, Austria, Russia, and in this country, as seen in the
Synopsis of Literature, and Bibliography.
The method of infection in these cases is easy to understand; I
the insertion of the sound, or catheter, into the throat of one I
person after another, without proper cleansing, can most readily I
convey the poison from the freely secreting mucous membrane of |
an occasional syphilitic patient, to the readily abraded mucous mem- 1
branc of a healthy subject. From the description given of the
lesions of the throat, in many of these cases, (there often being a 1
vast ulcer, occupying much of the vault oE the pharj'nx), some- '
thing may be learned, regarding the earlier epidemic and endemic |
extensions of syphilis, such as Sibbcns and some of the Syphiloids
occurring along the Baltic Sea, and other places, where much
stress is laid upon the throat lesions. The descriptions given of
.some of these Eustachian cases, resemble very greatly those of
the affections referred to, in that they exhibit unusual severity
and precocity, with absolute loss of any distinction between
primary, secondary, and tertiary lesions; in some cases there
occurred periostitis, destructive ulcerations and perforations,
almost from the start. The primary lesion in these cases, is
generally seated on the posterior pillar of the fauces, or on the
INFECTION BY CAUSTIC HQLDEKS, ETC. 193
Upper surface of the soft palate, or, on the posterior wall of the
pharynx, near the fossa of Rosenmuller, or finally, at the edge of
the Eustachian tube.'
I. Surgical sounds and specula, are accredited by many with hav-
ing been the means of transmitting syphilis, but no definite state-
ments, or cases illustrative of this, can be found; Tardieu,'
however, alludes to "a most regretable case, which made a great
stir, where syphilis was transmitted by means of a speculum."
The same author mentions a case where a young man, who had
never had sexual intercourse, was inoculated with syphilis by means
of serves fines, which were used after an operation for phymosis.
a. Caustic holders, etc. Lei.oir " narrates a case, where the syph-
ilitic poison was supposed to be transferred, by means of nitrate of
silver, which had been previously used to touch buccal lesions ; a
chancre developed upon a slight bum which was touched with the
same. I have been told by a physician that he believed, that he
had communicated the disease in this same manner; he remarked,
however, correctly as I believe, that the disease was probably not
conveyed by the caustic itself, but by the holder; the piece of
nitrate of silver was very short, and he supposed that the holder
touched the parts and conveyed the poison. Taylok" has recently
recorded a similar case. C. Pti.LizzARi" reports a case where a
chancre, on the leg of a child with infantile paralysis, was
produced by the employment of an electric brush; the lesion was at
first thought to be tropho-neurotic, but the later phenomena proved
it to be the primary sore of syphilis. The transmission of syphilis
by means of syringes, has been already considered, under domestic
syphilis, in Chapter VII.
3. Infeciian by means of unclean substances. A case is reported
by MoTV, where a man acquired a chancre on the left upper eyelid,
which was attributed to using the same wash-water which had been
used by venereal patients; the man had conjunctivitis, and dipped
the cloths used to moisten his eyes in the water. Another instance
of supposed infection by wash-water is mentioned in the previous
chapter, under brephotrophic syphilis. Mention has already been
made of the fact, that in certain cases of circumcision-syphilis
Hutchinson concluded that the poison had been conveyed by
means of the lint, soaked in the blood of the prepuce, which had
been removed.
1 BmteBi. UeIu Syph. dc I'orcilk. ftnt, iBe6, p. 77.
194 SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
Pellizzari" records a case where infection took place in a
remarkable manner. A woman, who had been syphilitic but a few
months, but cured o£ any active manifestations of the disease,
was operated on for piles. The overseer of the infirmary,
a man aged 65, held the fragments of tissue removed in a rag,
collecting and holding them during the operation, his whole right
hand becoming covered with blood. Some time afterward, a
small wound was noticed between the nail and the pulp of the
right index finger; this was not recognized at first, but soon
became a deep and livid sore, with axillary engorgement, and was
followed by constitutional syphilis, and four years later he had
hemiplegia.
Profeta' published an observation which is considered very
probable byJui.i.iEN, where a chancre was situated in an inter-
digital space of the right hand, and which the most minute
research seemed to point to an acarus scabiei as the mode of con-
veying the syphilitic contagion. Diuav is quoted as having been
the first to call attention to this method of transmission of syphilis
by parasites. In view, however, of more recent cases reported by
Du Castel,' Fournier," Feltlard,' Lalliek,' and Pollaesik, of
chancres occurring on the arms and elsewhere in patients who were
under treatment for scabies, it would seem more probable that the
poison gained entrance during the manipulations, from uncleanli-
ness, rather than from thcconveyanceof the virus by the insect: at
any rate this illustrates and explains the very frequent occurrence
of scabies and syphilis in some of the epidemics and endemics of
syphilitic infection, where, from the descriptions given, scabies
appears certainly to have been present.
We have seen in this chapter that syphilis may be acquired by
the person rendering a professional service; further, that the dis-
ease may be communicated from the operator to others; we have
also seen that the nperatur may only act as the agent, transferring
the disease from one person to another by means of his own per-
son, or by instruments or objects bearing the virus.
Undoubtedly further research would disclose a yet greater
variety in the forms and methods of infection than has been
presented in these pages, and in the accompanying Synopsis and
Analytical Bibliography, and unquestionably further experience
will add new data with each successive year.
SYPHILIS m THE INNOCENT 195
No amount of human wisdom could possibly have foreknown,
or even have suspected, many of the facts which have been
detailed in this and preceding chapters, nor could any reasonable
amount of care have prevented many of the sad events here
recounted. The syphilitic poison is an agent whose effects are
known only after the damage has occurred, and thus, prophylaxis
becomes of the utmost importance, greater, if possible, than in
reference to any other disease known to man,
A short consideration of the means of controlling the unneces-
sary spread of a disease which can cause such damage to innocents,
would, therefore, seem appropriate in this connection.
CHAPTER X.
prophylaxis: hygiene and medico-legal considerations. PLAN
FOR the legal control OF SYPHILIS.
From what has preceded it may readily be understood that
syphilis is a disease which inflicts great injury upon the public
health; for it imperils not only those who have been guilty of
sexual transgressions, but also those who are quite innocent.
While an exaggerated idea of its perils might be obtained
from the material presented in the preceding chapters, it is
impossible to shut our eyes to the fact that it presents a real
and considerable danger to the innocent, as is evidenced by the
thousands of cases referred to in this book. No amount of
reasoning or argument can do away with the facts which I have
cited from the highest medical authorities, and from my own
recorded cases. Not only does this infection occur in the daily
intercourse and occupations of life, but also in the most varied
relations, in the care of children, in industrial pursuits, and in
professional callings.
Our considerations, therefore, in regard to its prophylaxis,
including the legal control of the disease, will be largely based
upon the dangers relating to its innocent transmission and the
necessity of arresting the progress of a malady which is capable of
doinir so nuich harm.
Although the present work has to do mainly with syphilis
insontium as acquired by extra-genital infection, it maybe well to
consider very briefly two other aspects from which a legal control
of the disease is demanded: these relate to marital syphilis and
hereditary syphilis.
The subject of marital syphilis has been very fully discussed by
a number of writers, and all aec^uainted with the subject know well
MEDICO-LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS 197
that this mode of infection stands prominent in connection with the
innocent acquiring of the disease. While men occasionally coo-
tract syphilis in lawful wedlock, even, indeed, from wives who
have acquired it in nursing or in some other innocent manner, it is
principally the wives who suffer from the sins of their husbands,
before or after marriage, and on them falls a large share of the
burden of "innocent syphilis. "
Reference has already been made to the studies of Foubkier,
who came to the conclusion that fully 35 per cent, of all females
affected with syphilis acquired it honestly, in lawful marriage
relations: also that Ricord thought that this proportion was
too low. Among the married females in Fournler's private
practice, in 75 per cent, the disease was unmistakably traced to
the husband. I stated also that in my own private practice fully
50 per cent, of the females with syphilis, acquired it in a perfectly
innocent manner, while among the married females the percentage
would be 85, or more.
Surely then there is reason in the plea that something should
be done to prevent the wholesale infection of these innocent
victims of marital syphilis. But if this aspect of the subject
seems dark, that of hereditary syphilis is yet darker, and calls
even more strongly for relief.
The literature of hereditary syphilis is very large and the facts
related thereto are well known and accepted by all ; the pages of
this book contain references indicating abundantly both the
hereditary aspect of the disease and the dangers arising from
contact with the child inheriting syphilis.
We may for a moment refer to the effect of the poison upon
the viability of children born of syphilitic parents. I cannot do
better than to refer to some very striking tables given by Sturco
in an appendix to Diday's work on infantile syphilis'; they are
from the records of births of syphilitic children at the Moscow
Hospital, Russia, from 1S60 to 187a. During these years there
were a, 002 births, and 1,425 deaths, or, 71 per cent, of the children
bom there of syphilitic parents died. Kassowitz' gives the per-
centage of still-births of syphilitic parents at 33. G, and that of
infants dying within six months at 24.3: these two make almost
58 per cent, dead bom, or dying within six months after "birth.
igS SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
It is to be remembered also, that just as syphilis can diminish
the viability of the product of conception, and cause the death of
the child, just before or soon after birth, so it causes loss of life
earlier in conception, J^iving rise to abortion, even in the very
earliest periods of utero-ge station ; in the same manner, going
further back in the life-history of procreation, it is also a not
infrequent cause of sterility, both in the male and in the female.
If, therefore, the effects of syphilis were limited solely to a
destruction of life in the new-bom, or in the products of concep-
tion, there would be strong reason for the introduction of measures
to check the spread of the disease, from its loss to the
State.
But this is only a portion of the ills wrought by syphilis in
connection with generation, and it would be better that children
of syphilitic parents should thus fail of life, rather than be bora
with an inheritance which often proves such a curse.
Tarnowskv ' has recently, in writing on the subject, given us
many interesting facts, among which the following may be men-
tioned. In three families, born of syphilitic parents, there was a
total of twenty-two births: of all these there came only one healthy
adult man. Of thirteen who surviv*ed some years, eight were inca-
pable of self-support, from mental or physical defects, and the
other five were weakly, nervous, and totally unfit for further procre-
ation. He states that the families in which this occurred belonged
to the intelligent class of society, with no other cause than
syphilis for these disastrous results. He quotes further from
TscHESTjAKOw ' the case of a man who had severe syphilis in early
life, destroying the palate, of whose nine children two were
idiots, one was deaf and dumb, and one died in infancy. The
works of Hutchinson and many others give abimdant testimony
as to the direful effects of syphilis on the progeny of those thus
affected.
Thus the army of innocents swells in size and pleads for the
restriction of a disease, which, it is now believed, may sometimes
be inherited even to the third generation. What the later
effects of syphilis may be, in producing some of the conditions
commonly known as scrofiila, and in inducing race -degeneration,
cannot now be answered positively; we know, however, that it
t TKhliliabovr. Ucber (lb Sj-phiLu in der baucrlichea Bevillkerung. St. Falcaburi, ilS*, p. s»
PREVALENCE OF SYPHILIS IN THIS COCXTRY 199
has at times decimated our Indian tribes, and has WTOughl un-
speakable havoc in Russia, in the Hawaiian Islands and elsewhere.
The individual with syphilis, therefore, is not only in danger
of communicating the disease in marital relations, and constantly
does so, but is also likely to transmit more or less of the taint
to the offspring, if they survive. He is likewise a constant
menace to society, by virtue of the contagious character of the
disease, in some of its manifestations, even for a long time, as
has abundantly appeared in the preceding chapters.
It is quite true that the dangers of infection from syphilis and
of its hereditary transmission, are greatly diminished by careful
and proper care and treatment; but every one who has had much
to do with the disease in hospital and dispensary practice knows
how commonly it is neglected as soon as there cease to be annoy-
ing symptoms. There are continually hundreds of syphilitics
with contagious lesions, who are either ignorant or careless of the
dangers to which they are subjecting others in their daily lives;
and this is even seen in private practice. Innocent extra-genital
infection is much more common than is generally supposed.
Physicians are constantly meeting with cases of syphilis where
the origin of the disease is a mystery; as the facts relating to
innocent infection come to be mure generally recognized, the
mystery attending many cases will pass away.
It has been already shown, in preceding chapters, that syphilis
is now very widely diffused. It is undoubtedly on the increase,
owing to the utter lack of sanitary control over it in the
greater part of the world. There are no data obtainable to show
its relative prevalence in different countries, except those relating
to the armies of various nations, some of which have been already
referred to. In many instances even these returns are not avail-
able, inasmuch as they frequently report "venereal diseases"
in general, and not syphilis distinctively.
In this country, as I learn from the Surge on -General's oihce,
no reliable information exists in regard to the prevalence uf
syphilis : our army even furnishes no data. According to
Sturgis', however, there were in the army, in the Department of
the Bast, in the iive years from i87d-iS74. 148S cases of syphilis,
or 4.23 cases per 100 men : in the mercantile marine of the
United States, during 187a and 1873, there were 3,779 cases of
> Stnigii, Rilatiooi ol Syphilii 10 Ihc Public Hullh. Tratu. Anicr. Mid, As'n., \f^^^.
200 SYPHILIS IXSOXTIUM
syphilis, or 15.33 per cent, of all sailors treated in the hospitals :
while in the city of New York, 16.19 per cent, of all cases of
sickness in the mercantile marine service were syphilitic. From
the data furnished by the books of a number of dispensaries and
hospitals in New York city during the year 1873, Dr. Sturgis
estimates that the number of patients treated for syphilis during^
that year cannot be far from 50,000.
Some idea of the frequence of syphilis in this country may be
learned from the statistics collected by the American Dermato-
logical Association, from different cities in the United States during
the past fourteen years. Fully one tenth of the cases reported
were those of syphilis, it coming next to eczema in frequency.
In some respects this presents, perhaps, one of the best means
from which to judge of its comparative prevalence; for, as i-yphilis
rarely fails to manifest itself on the skin at some period during
its course, cases of this disease are more likely to be observed
and studied in dermatological practice than in other departments
of medicine. These data were collected from private and
public dermatological practice, and not from venereal clinics.
Syphilis is a disease worthy of the most serious thought and
consideration by the physician and sanitarian. It stands second
to none in pathological importance. The fact that in so large
a share of caries it happens to be communicated through sexual
contact, and in so great a proportion of these it is from unchaste
venereal relations, by no means warrants its relegation wholly
to a class of affections the verj' mention of which is to be
tabooed in good society.
In regard to the means of prophylaxis against syphilis, these
relate, first: To the protection of the individual; and, second,
To public measures, or the legal control of syphilis.
[ndividiial safety will result from a better and more
widespread knowledge, on the part of the profession and the
laity, of the manifestations of syphili.';, i^s dangers, and the
modes by which the disease has been transmitted.
In the historj- of all epidemics of this disease, large and
small, it is constantly stated that the true nature of the difficulty
was not recognized, or that the dangers of infection were not
known or appreciated until large numbers were affected. As
PROPHYLAXIS OF SYPHILIS 201
our knowledge of syphilis widens, and as the synthetic history
of the disease is formed, so much less will be the danger of its
communication by innocent means,
A glance at the clinical history of syphilis insontium, as given
in the preceding pages, shows this very conclusively. Thus,
the dangers of its communication by vaccination were never
thought of until a considerable number of cases of vaccinal
syphilis had been reported; and undoubtedly multitudes of other
cases had occurred which were never known. The possibility
of inoculation by means of Eustachian catheterization was not
suspected, until a considerable number of cases of syphilis from
this cause were traced to the practice of one physician in Paris.
Ritual circumcision had been practiced for thousands of years
before it was demonstrated that syphilis could be communicated
in the operation; and so on.
Now, however, that the many dangers arc more or less
widely recognized, we no longer have so many of these
lamentable events to record as are found in earlier years.
Infection by lactation and by other recognized accidents is yearly
becoming less frequent, and in most countries such general out-
breaks of syphilis as the Maladies de Brunn, de St. Euph^mie, de
Chavanne-Lure, the Pian de Nerac. and many others which have
been mentioned, are now wall nigh impossible.
Yet if we should conclude that innocent syphilis is really
becoming less frequent of late years, we should make a serious
mistake. Such is not the fact. In Chapter IV., of this essay
I have recorded over one hundred original cases of extra-genital
infection; and these do not include the scores or rather hundreds
of cases of innocent infantile and marital syphilis that I have
seen. The same may also be learned from the multitudes of
recent cases of syphilis sporadica. or scattered and isolated instances
of innocent syphilis, detailed or alluded to in other chapters, and
in the Sjmopsis and Bibliography.
The ground, therefore, upon which personal safety from syphilis
must rest, has yet to be reached; fur. while the disease is allowed
to spread freely by venereal contact, so kinjf will cases of syphilis
insontium continue to abound. This is evidenced by the innuniLT-
able instances where the disease has been acquired, both in necL'--
sary and unnecessary contact with thi)su thus diseased. A siuj^.e
instance of this may be recalled from the first portion of
202 SYPHILIS mSQNTIUM
the preceding chapter. In this instance a syphilitic man infected
his wife, she infected the breast-drawer; through her ten others
became infected, and several of them died from syphilis. How
much farther the disease spread was not recorded, but it is very
certain that it could not have ended there. Many, yes hundreds
or thousands of instances could be found where one guilty
member of a family has introduced syphilis into the home, and
where there have been numbers of innocent victims; these
have been both among those belonging to the family and those
having social or industrial relations with them.
II, LEGAL CONTROL Of SVPHILIS
While syphilis commonly occurs as a "venereal" disease, its
prophylaxis, or legal restraint, by no means relates entirely to the
restriction of venereal diseases; the limitation of the spread of
syphilis should be considered from a much broader and higher
standpoint, namely, from that of defending the public health and
that of individuals against a malady which affects the innocent
and guilty alike, and which comes not only when its dangers are
anticipated, but also when they are the least suspected.
In the matter of legal protection against syphilis, therefore,
the subject of prostitution becomes a secondary considera-
tion. The first question is not one of " regulating prostitution,"
or of inspecting, licensing, or legalizing the "social evtl," or of
protecting those engaged in it. The legal control of syphilis has
a much higher aim, namely, the prevention of the unnecessary
extension of a disease which produces a vast amount of sickness,
misery and death, not only among the guilty, but also among the
perfectly innocent.
That the spread of syphilis can be checked is self-evident, as
has been conclusively proven by the fact that all the epidemics,
large and small, which have been mentioned above, were arrested
when the cause was recognized, and sufficient measures introduced
to prevent the further transference of the poison from one person
to another. It is also abundantly shown in those instances where
foreign governments, in certain cities or localities, have enforced
stringent measures looking in this direction.
We know positively that the virus does not develop */« novo, but
that it is always communicated from one individual to another. We
know also that within a certain period the disease ceases to be
LEGAL CONTROL OF SYPHILIS 203
conta^ous in each individual; so that, if no new infection is intro-
daced into a community, and the members of that community are
gniarded against acquiring the disease from one already infected,
until that safe period is reached, the malady will cease to
exist.
Such precautions are exercised both by the public and by indi-
viduals against other contagious diseases, such as small-pox,
scarlatina, measles, diphtheria, yellow-fever, etc. ; is it not emi-
nently proper that syphiHs should be placed in the same category,
and protection should be afforded against it? Syphilis counts its
victims by thousands, where other diseases count hundreds.
More deaths are ultimately caused by syphilis than by sraall-pox,
while the injury to health and interference with life-work is
much greater in the former than in the latter. The conclusion
is absolute; syphilis should be placed, like other contagious
diseases, under the control of the health authorities.
Literature is full of matter relating to the medico-legal aspect
of venereal diseases, and of syphilis in particular, and even a brief
abstract of the subject would occupy much more space than can
be given here; while a transcription of the laws and enact-
ments bearing thereon, in other countries, would fill volumes.
The subject of the legal control of syphilis is indeed a most difficult
one to handle, and one which has occupied the attention of many
able physicians and jurists. It has been stiidied especially in
France. Belgium, and Germany, and it is in these countries that
the most effort has been made by the governments to stay the
progress of the disease.
In Paris there is a certain police inspection of public women,
and statistics show' that from 1877 to 1881, between 800 and
1,200 women were each year sent to the prison-hospital of St.
Lazare with syphilis. The number of individuals who might
be infected from these syphilitics can hardly be computed. In
many cities in Europe' there is exercised a certain conlnil over
public women infected with syphilis, and a varying, amount of
protection from the disease is afforded.
In England, as is well known, a reaction took place against
the "Contagious Diseases prevention acts," and they were finally
1 Vibrn. NouvMu DitI, dc Mdd. rt Ac Chiruis. pral,. Vnl. 34, i*,j, p. 916.
• P«Ti.i-Duehi.l=I«. De U Prmlilttlinn (Inni la Vilk de Paris, 1857. V.iL II , p. i.j5; Mircur.
Xa Syphilu II U PnHtiiuciiin, cic. Parii. iStj ; Kcuu. Iji Ptuntiliitiun au paint ilevuc is I'hygitnc,
.Ic PiiriMBSo-
ao4 SYPHILIS INSONTIVM
repealed, in 1886, as already mentioned; and no effort is now made
there, I believe, to control the development of syphilis.
In this countrj', as far as is known, there are no sanitary safe-
guards against the spread of syphilis, and there are very few
hospital advantages for those thus affected. While in most cities
in Europe there are large accommodations for this class of cases,
amottnting in Paris to between one and two thousand beds. New
York has but a relatively small service at the City Hospital, while
the vast majority of syphilitic patients are treated at the dispensa-
ries, and are allowed to go about, often with lesions of a most
dangerously infective character. It would be difficult to convey
any idea of the carelessness and indifference of some of these
patients when informed of the dangers attending their disease.
Many, indeed the far larger share of them, disappear from treat-
ment long before their syphilis is cured ; and generally, even, long
before they have ceased to have lesions which may convey the
disease to others.
The amount of damage a single unrestricted sj-philitic patient
may do, can be judged from a recent statem.ent bj' Tarnowskv,'
of St, Petersburg. He says that a syphilitic woman, who had
come under his observation, had succeeded in contaminating with
syphilis no less than 300 men, within a period of ten months. This
represents merely the primarj' transmission of the disease; its later
effects on others can hardly be computed. Imagine one small-pox
patient being allowed to give the disease freely to three hundred
individuals!
The republican ideas of this country would probably never
endorse or submit to such sanitary police inspection and restraint
as is e-'iercised in certain European cities; but the question
naturally arises, if there is not some way in which the end can be
reached, of arrestiiijj the spread of this dangerous disease ? Can
there be no safeguards thmwn out which shall prevent its exten-
.siiin here, as it lias spread in certain countries in Europe, notably
Russia, where, as we have seen, whole communities have been
syphilized, and Portugal, where the disease is almost universal?
The first step toward accomplishing the legal control of syphilis
would undoubtedly be found in placing it among other contagious
diseases which come under the jurisdiction of the health officers;
legitimate means could then be devised and executed to check its
il..m..'nl.y— fiicdiiiN. v. M<d, Kecud. M.r, j. 1869, p. 17J.
LEGAL CONTROL OF SYPHILIS 205
Spread, as in the case of the contagious diseases ordinarily
recognized. The late J, Marion Sims alluded to this subject, in
his address before the American Medical Association', some years
ago, using these words: "There can be no difference of opinion
among us, regarding the two following propositions, ist. We
want a system of sanitary inspection and control, which will
enable »is to prevent the importation of syphilis from abroad.
ad. We want a system of sanitary inspection and control, which
will enable us to take charge of the subjects of syphilis at home,
and prevent them from spreading it through the community."
The profession is undoubtedly unanimous, in regard to the
desirability of having such a restraining influence exercised upon
syphilis, as is here indicated. The only question is — what is the
best method of carrying it into effect ?
If syphilis were first recoi^nized as one of the great contagious
diseases, against which it is tho duty of the government to protect
the community, the details of that protection would follow with
time; and as the public became aware of the dangers arising from
the disease, and the benefits accruing from its restriction, there
would be no difficulty in securing proper laws relating to the subject.
It would be out of place here to present any detailed plan of
operation, for the subject is of such vast importance, that it could
not be compassed within the limits of this essay, even if the writer
were prepared to formulate such a scheme.
The suggestion, however, is most earnestly put forward, that
the time has certainly come, when the dangers of syphilis, and
especially the dangers to innocent persons, should be fully
recognized. It is too late in the historj- of science and of
humanity to stigmatize the disease as "venereal," and on that
account to withhold scientific protection from thousands of
innocent sufferers. Among babies, nursing women, persons
infected in dental or surgical operations, and in dozens of other
manners, syphilis can no more be described as a "venereal"
affection than any other contagious disease. The time has come-
to place it under the control of the proper health officers, and lo
make it quite as criminal to transmit syphilis wittingly us it is to
communicate small-pox, scarlatina, or diphtheria.
It would then become the public duty of ea^h one to guard
against the disease, and, as now in the case of the other contagious
2d6 syphilis mSONTIUM
diseases mentioned, those would be culpable who were the means
of disseminating the same. The hotel proprietor who wittingly
allows a small-pox patient to infect others, or who should not
exercise due precautions after a patient with scarlet fever had
occupied a bed or room, would receive punishment. The keeper
of a brothel, as I understand the existing law, would be subject
to like punishment, if his guest were allowed to sleep in abed
previously occupied by a patient afflicted .with small-pox, scarlatina,
or diphtlieria, without subsequent sanitary precautions.
If, now, syphilis were included with these infectious or
contagious diseases, something would certainly be accomplished
toward checking its extension; for such a person would then see
that all the inmates of the house were free from syphilis, and
would also be very careful that no one entering the place should
introduce the disease. If the males did not carry syphilis into
houses of ill-repute, the disease would not appear in them.
The plan of making it criminal, or a misdemeanor, to be
instrumental in communicating syphilis, would operate favorably
in many ways.
It would do away with the necessity of officially examin-
ing, inspecting, or licensing any one, for it would be for
each one's interest to keep free from the disease, lest at any time
legal action should be taken against them. Instead of examining
the women publicly, those connected with the nefarious business
would see that they were already in a healthy condition. They
would then examine t/ie men.
This again would operate advantageously. For many would
hesitate against going to houses of ill fame, if they knew that
they were to be thus examined: and those that were syphilitic
would exclude themselves.
Furthermore, this would operate more or less against
clandestine prostitution. For not only would every one fear lest
they should acquire the disease (because it would be known that
outside women would be more likely to be syphilitic), but the men
would fear that, if they infected others outside, they would be
subject to legal penalties.
I believe, therefore, that such a law would not only greatly
diminish the frequency of syphilis, but would also be in the
direct line of breaking up licentiousness When the step is once
taken of placing syphilis among the contagious diseases, subject
LEGAL CONTROL OF SYPHILIS _ 207
to law, the details necessary to enforce such a law will natur-
ally follow. The force of the argument rests on the necessity
of examining the nun instead of the women ; for any proposition
looking to the latter has always met with resistance at the hands
of many classes in every community, who urge the degrading
character of police inspection.
That a person may legally be held liable for communicating
syphilis is abundantly shown by the many cases occurring in the lit-
erature of foreign countries. The works of Tardieu,' Fournier,'
and others are full of accounts of legal action taken, and fines and
imprisonment imposed, for the willful or careless transmission of
syphilis ; and in some instances the actions were against physicians
who had exercised everj- possible precaution. In our own country
syphilis has sometimes been the subject of judicial action; in a
recent case before the Court of Appeals, of Kentucky,' it was
decided that syphilis pleaded in answer to an action to recover
damages for breach of promise of marriage, is a complete defence ;
this followed the decision of the Supreme Court of North Caro-
lina, in which the same defence was interposed and sustained in a
similar action.
One of my own patients recently received five thousand dollars
from the man who infected her with syphilis; in this instance the
case did not come to court, though it was settled through legal
counsel.
How far the matter can be carried in regard to the restraint
of syphilitics from exposing others, cannot now be decided.
Much enlightenment of the community is yet necessary in
regard to this subject, and much thought will be requisite to deter-
mine exactly the best methods of checking the slow but steady
extension of syphilis which is now taking place. These matters can
safely be left to future consideration. The first step is now to be
taken by the legal recognition of syphilis as one of the contagious
diseases which are dangerous to the life and health of the nation
— as a pest against which society has the same right as in the case
of other contagious diseases, namely, to protect itself by scientific
treatment and by legal penalties.
SYNOPSIS OF FACTS AND LITERATURE*
SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
CLASSIFICATION OK MODES OF INFECTION
Syphilis pravorum = e coitu illicita'
(venereal syphilis)
SjTihilis insontium ingenita
(hcreditarj' syphilis)
Syphilis insontium e coitu legitima
(marital syphilis)
not considered
in present
work.
SYPHILIS INSONTIUM SINE COITU.
A. SYPHILIS PANDEMICA.
I. SYPHILIS i-:PlDKMlCA.
IS kimls of epidemics arc given in a dironologicnl order, relating
e appearante of new modes of transmission. Aftur the re-
placed the year of the epidemic, or of its observation. Indi-
Ilustrating many of these will also be found later on under
GsiGEL' (1615). Hardii, J. O. (1873). HjtLri,'.' (1S5B, 1858, (?) 18O0).
H0KKUKG(LAMMEKT)(l5y&-(j). lIoKST' (SmTZEW) (1603). JoHllANfS (l 577). LaM-
mekt' (1599, 11103). Meyeh-Aiirens {ISO')' PoLiATAiEKy (iSgo). Si'ooF (1873).
WiDWANM (HoRST*) (1624).
SVPIflLfS IXSONTIUM
Albebti (1746). Barhy (nsS). Bflgurr (Rosen von Rosenstein) (1775?).
BOUHGOGSE' (FoURNlEk) (1815). CANETTA (1847). EVBRAKDUS {1654). HkIM-
ECKEN (iSoo). Hev(i77o). Jol¥(iS53). 1.eloir'{i88o). LEofiBga). Lodkk*
(1793). MUNN1NKS(IB04), RlCOBDjI (1863).
3- i
.i(.S62j.
Balducci tiS67). Bardiket (1S41). Barrv (173S). Bertwerand' (1873),
BoucHACOURT (1341). BouciiLT^ (i367). CA^■TlLO^-A (i367). Demarchi (1S58-
67). DePAUL' (1849). Dt'RANTE (DeMARCUI, TaNTITRRL) {1S67). DCSTEHDORF
(1S36). Faced {1845). Fkiehlanueb ' (16B4). Giiiert' (1837). Lusitanus
(1554). Pan-critivs= (iSBi). Pelliiiari, C." (1B82), Portal {Morand and
Lassonse, Luuol) (1844). Rai-'un (Roi.let) (175a). RicoRni ^'(1863, two*,
l9C>4', IS6;). RlUCIEBE (DF.MABCH1, TaNTURRI) (1867). SeLLI (DeMAB
Durante, Ruooiere, Tanturri) (1867). Settegast (Hacker) (1823). Sn
(i88i). Ta>tl'rhi',« (1867). Vekcelloki (^^\s in 17th century).
(Depalx) (1849).
VtANI
Bakoi-n-et- (iS73). B
(ISS3). Bl.UDISET (157S).
(;6o8). CoHASBEN (1744). 0.1.
FucHs(i737)- Gardanei (1775).
Sm'EUIAVk' (iSoi). Weni>ti (W.
■tl (1955). Booth
IS, or BuRc.ESiiis (Rosen von Rosekstein)
",» (HeAI-EY) (1837). DlTTSCHINSKI (1889).
IiME (1863). pRrcE, J. H.* (Gross) (i836).
H) (ISU). WlUGLESWORTH- (1870).
{1-27). Blevkie (B.
BlERKOWSKi
(lti4")- Kk""!.
(KosiNSKi, Lie
RlC.RUM (1852,
Wendt' (180S).
(B.
Adelasio '•' (Q(
NETT. J. E. (1S63). CeKIOLI
CJiARYi (1966-7). Depai'i, a
(l.AVKT)([SSlJ. Dl-NN, EL-LENI
(la?!,). Gallia (16S5). Gali
Dall' Acqva (Sukmanxi) (iB
(1S32). Hutchinson (1679)- J"
the civil war iS(>i, iSlib). Klein ' (Kui
principal vaccinal epidemics). Kri^EV
(BAttE.».NTIM ', VlENNOlS) (1SI4), MaRIW
Mori (1B70). OttersuN (Foster) (1S62).
Ki)C"833)- Brecker (jAFrt)
IAKa) (1886). NOWAKOWSKI
ON PlTHA QAKFfi) (1867),
UN (in Hamburgh) (1S46).
.)Ci362). Al[£s (doubtful: 1S41). Ben-
«kO (iB64'5)-
' (1805)- Soi.<;
873).
Percivai. (Jo^Ks, Foster) (iSWi).
[ (CeRIOLI', ViENSOls) (1S41). WECf
Clabv and
Desjaruiks
3). FREUND
R, KObner)
R, Hluiiari)) (several episodes during
isiitRu) (1810-17). KObner "{table of
(iSCm)). LACHEZE{i3bz). Marcouni
{&.VVIER ') (iSs6). Millard ■ (1865).
P.\CCUIOTTll (CEHISI) {1861). PlOlA
IOIS> (I
Ro(;ERS (CLOSMAllEliC) (1866).
i: (FrEIMO (1S73). EWERTZEN (l!
ji (iS<;7). Glaiter (iS(i2). G
Heine (Escherich. Hbyfel:
:s(Fos
POLIN (1882). SiGNORlNl (iSSS).
-ER (VlENSOIS) (1849).
SYNOPSIS OF FACTS AND LITERATURE
Bassekeau' (1853) (family). Bataschoff' C'S?"} floca! epidemic in Rus-
sian villages). Boeck. W.» (185?} (family). Caienave' (1850-1) (famUy).
Cold'.»(i859) (family). Ciisack" (1837) (family). Demarchi (Rir.<]iERE. Tan-
TUititi) (1857) (family). Depaui.' (1865) (family). Dmjs»(i8jo)(family). Est-
LANDER (1870) (family). Flamanue (Rullkt) (1838) (eating and drinking).
FouRNiER*' (iSSo) (family). Friedlander».» (1884) (family). Garson (184S)
(faraUy). Gvlli (1837) (family). GOntz" (1883) (family). HjObt (1844)
(family). Huffma-nn* (1739) (family). Jarotskv*.' (iBiji) (family). KOener'
(1B62) (family). LACitANr.E (1863) (family). Lanq° (1S84) (family). Mever.
A HRENS (1844) (sheltering wayfarers). Morgan' (1872) (family). Par6 (1585)
(family), PoRAY-Kost-HiTZ»(i38i) (family). Preiis (Bolsch wing) (1831) (shel-
tering wayfarers). RofsSEi.*(i88i)(faniily). Rust' (1813) (family). Simo.n'
(1858) (family). Steffens (1841} (family). Sturce" (1877) (family). Taylor"
(1891) (family). Velten ([830) (family).
Arthur* (WiLCQx) (188(1). Barker. F. R. (1*^8). Josias (1879).
and DuLLKs' (1878). PETEy (1858). Whitehead (1889).
Dbchaux (Guinand') (1867-1;). Gl:i
HOIS "(GUIN AND) (1S61).
Blavchet. Bukow (1386). Poursier and others (i36s-iSB2). Mai
(1876).
11. SYPHILIS ENDEIIICA.
The endemic affections now recognized as syphilis are given in the order
of their appearance; the names nf the most authentic and accessible authori-
ties are appended.
Adams, J.I (1807). Btu, B. ' {,\rr-)- (Iilciirist (i7£")). Ha.-kehM'SS")-
Hibbert (1826). Milton (1S7,,), Rulllt " (iSSi). SKAt (1S44). Wij.le-
MOEsfiSio). WlLLsfi344)- WR;olrT(i855).
Anonvmol-s'" (BF-iiKEsri) (1837). Akb" (1791). Bam: (177S)- Bueck. W.
'•(1860). Bi)NNEviE(i758). CedkkskjOlo C1S14). Crakiik fiSjij). Hacker'
O851). HENSLER(l7q9). HjOrT' (1840). HpNEFELIJ (iSsB). LAKCEKEAL'X "1
(1869). Ml^nk (1799). Rollet'"'(i866J. Si'bakel (18643. Stiffens {1774)-
3- AMBUVSI IMMrLF..
BoNTlL'S (1718).
213
SYPI/JUS rNSONTJUM
Adams
swebiauk
: (.S07J.
• (iSoO-
4. I.ISEASE (IK ST. PAUL'S BAY.
CocHKAN (1354). E'ucHS' C1840). Stratton
C>835J.
Hi
Bkan]'
.is fi8.3).
S31)- HCei
5. morhl-s dithmakensis.
DniBSKN- (1832). PRASCKE (1S3S). GeNTERS
BF,NER(iasl). MlCHAELSEN-(l842), STRUVE (l820).
(1878).
Facen
' (1 84.)).
AU540).
Hacker' (1851). Mabcouni* (1839). Sigmund'-
ZKL:cm.\ELi,i.
CI855).
Bote (1314). CAMBIERl(lSl2). HACK1;K'CiS51). jENMKER(lSlgJ.
ENZUTTI (1831)). LoBiNSER (iS^S)' MCCHAIIELLES (1833). MoULON
Ozanah. Pernhofeeii(i86B). Sicmumi (iSsS)- Zeissl. M.'{i887),
Lor.
(1834).
Akoni
,-«ors.= CL
ASrEREAl'Xj. MlCIlAMELLES (IS33J. SlGMCNI) (iSSS)-
Gamhe
;bim 11871)
. Sii;iiL-SD(i35;). Wibmes ' 11R4O
Ql
Hacki
^R ([95"1.
.. WiUMF.K
Laniereaux (iS69). Olvmpilis (1S40). PoLLi;
1(1341}-
; (1842).
COKRII
=AN (1SJ5).
11. MriBUr.US (IlliTTON- SCUKVV).
Wali.,we{[83S).
Arnlh
tLl. (IS62).
VlSl.ENT(l362).
Daurv (.863).
13. v,^..»,.v.r.„.^A^G.
1
4. Svn.ILO
ID OF Jl'TLAMi, UTUUA.N-IA, HESSE, AKD ESTIIOMA.
('7
AlBKKS (1836). BoLEL'llW[Mi(l839). HACliEK'(lS5l). IUSCH(l8aj).
77). OrT..(i839). Schjnur (1837). Tiling {1833). Van Deurs (iSsf,
LlLUK
H/
AHAM'
V (1S73).
16. ? Al
: (i8q;).
,^51). Hi,
PoN-rui']
IS. 7 VAWS, MAN, KKAMBOESIA,
Charloois (1S81). Christie (1387). Fox, T.
[iuEKT(i826). LANcr.KEAi.'x(i368). Maxwell (1839]
■l«AN(iafi2).
(1876).
1. MlL-
(;e
Al.TO.'NVAN (18S1
)LLk(.S75l. Rn;li.
UANi;r.lTICA, ETL-).
;). Hf.rtherami (1854)- Carter (1876). Fcj.\, T.
.K[[B541. Rcs>tLL(lS56). WlLLEMIN (1854).
. (.876).
syNOP:iJ.s OF j-acts and literature 213
B. SYPHILIS SPORADICA.'
I. SYPHILIS ECONOMICA.
This section has two main divisions, relating to, A. Infection in domestic
and social life; and, B. Infection in industrial pursuit*;.
A. Infection in domestic and social relations, including, i. Infection by
eating and drinking and use of tobacco, etc. ; i. By personal and household
effects; 3. By active and ttrnporary contact; 4. By passive contact.
By implements and vessels ; a. By smoking, etc.
I . lafectioa bf eating and drinking utensils, a. By spoons, knives and forks :
i. By drinking ves.sels. (The majority of individual cases recorded fall under
Section 11., Syphilis brephiitrophica).
a. Infeclian by speons, knh'cs •inJ /arts.
BoLSCHWiNc'. DiEMER". Fkdklich ', toHsil. GlClk*, lip. Kbowczynski ',
palate. Lef., H.', tongue. NF.fMANN", tonsil. Pokav-Koschitz", tonsil.
PospELow", fauces. Roudil'k', tonsil. Viensois', tonsil.
h. In/tclion hy drinking vesuh : tups, glasses. Jugs, faurett, flasii, tic.
Artir'k^ (Fii'it), lip (faucet). Boeck, C, tonsil (glas.s). Botallvh, lip
(glass). Bkvce, lip (flask). Bi'(.HH(>Lz(glass). CoortK, A.', lip (cup). Cill-
ERIER. A.« (HiLLAiKET), lip (glass), DixwELL (vesscl). FouRNJER*" (bottle).
GiRODE, g:um (glass). GtiTTiiEiL, lip (cup). Griffin ", lip (pail), 'lip (flask).
Gruner (glass). GiJienuT' (Okv)", lip (glass). GrNrzi, lip (glass). Jullien"
(VERNEriL), tonsil (glass). Kor.AS, lip ();la^s). Lascii, chin and lip (glass).
LvDsTON*. lip (cup). McGi/iKK\ lip (vessel). Mra^ek', tongue (vessel). Pel-
LizzARi, C", lip (glass), "lip (public fount), Poi/ii*EU,V'ifF' (cup). Rjcoko*,
fauces (glass). TAVi.nj<-, mnuth(cup), n lip (cup), Vidai, E. (Orv)', lip (glass).
<. Eating and drinking, in a general way, with or without express proof of
individual cases or utensils employed.
Bem,, B." (drinking ware)'"Sibbens." Beu., J., tongue (pipe or dishes).
BOECK, C, tonsil (table-ware), Bolscmwim:', lip (cup and spoon) ' "Syph-
iloid." Buchanan, throat (spoons and pipe) "Sibbens." Cili.ekiek, M. (Re-
mand), (cup and spoon) references unknown. Dastelssen also (HjOht, Colli,
Stepfen), probable infection by eating and drinking. Demaruhi, epidemic at
Capistrello and Castellafiume, eating and drinking utensils chief agenls.
EvERARDt's, also (Bla.mjaarii), in an account of "Lues nova recrudesceus" in
Seelsnd {see epidemics), mention eating anil dnnking-ware categorically.
Flamande, account ottlie Mai deChavannc-Lurc spread by eating and drinking.
G LATTER (family utensils). Graarlu, ton.sil (glasses or pijiea). Heisi.eh',
tonsil (eating or dnnking-ware). Hjeli, description of promiscuous drinking
among the Finns. Lanz, tongue (table-ware). LEiDEsuERr., Syphilis among
Rnssisn peasants, largely by eating and dnnking. Ma-nassein, lip (mess
214 SYPHILIS 2NSONTIUM
utensils). Neumann ", toQsil (table utensils), "(table-ware). Newskv, tongue
(Cable-ware). OstboOmoff (utensils). Pellizzakc, C", tip (utensils). Plu-
mert', lip (eating or drinking- ware). Prehn (by wayfarers, eating and drink-
ing). Proketa^ (utensils). Weisberu' (utensils). Zakharevitch, fauces, etc.
(spoons, tumblers, etc.).
2. Infection bf means of amoking, and aabstances taken into the mouth, a. By
tobacco pijjcs; i. By cigars infected by mouth; f. By cigars infected other-
wise; d. By cigarettes; e. By chewing gum, etc, , /, By other substances.
a. Infection liy tobacci' pipes passid fram one to anolher,
Arthl-r'. Barling, lip. Baum", lip. Behrend' Besnier', tonsil.
BoECK, W.", tongue. Bolschwing'. Bi'Mstead". Denis-Dum'int '. Diemer'.
GirioNARD', tongue, Hlifenasd. Keves>.°, lip. Lancereaux *. Li.ovu', Up.
Oiimann-Dlmesml', palate, Otis*, mouth. Pellizzari, C.'*, lip, Profeta',
QuiNQUAUD and Nlcolle ', lip. Roddick ', lip, Wallace', lip.
b. Cigars, passed /rem one to another., often from stumps picked up.
Ambbosom ', fauces. Campana', buccal cavity. Drvsdale', Engelsted*,
lip. Fjncer', lip. Froelut!*', Up. Gamberini', lip. KrRKPATRiCK, lip.
Nel'mann*', comer mouth. Pkre, J. H.*.
c. Cigars iiifctted indirectly iy varioin methods.
Beiiresd' (cigars bitten off and returned to the box). Bulklev ' (infected
on lips in manufacture). Goitheil (same). Hknni.nu' (same). Ki.li;e (infected
by the hands in manufacture). Maiinsei.l, Up. Rizat ', lip (cigar punch).
./. Cigarettes infected hy previous smoker.
BCuruuKFi, Up. Co.m£, lip. Jakulefi-' (comer mouth). KRKrstiEi., lip.
Lewv and GoLunERt;*, lip. Neumaa.v'', Up. PoifitF'. Serui ckov', tonsil,*
palate. Tliiistjakukf', inside cheek. T^itrin.
e. Ckeuiing-gum , troches, etc., passed from mouth la mouth.
EvMENiEFF (meats, breads, sweets, etc.). GRiFKi>', tonsil (candy). Hakdv ',
tonsil (l(izenge). Leldih", Up (chewing-gum), " Up (candy). Neumann"",
tonsil (candy). Tavlur" (chewing-gum). Vai.lxii. rt, tonsil (lozenge).
/. By rlliir substances.
GnivANMNi\ Up [gnawing :i bone iiflcr li eyphilitic).
2. IspEuniiN iiv I'fcKsiiNAi. AM) iciirsEHoLn EFFECTS; a. By wearing apparel,
etc.; i. By bedding; c. By toilet article.^; d. By misceUaneous articles.
1. Infection by wearing apparel, a. By shirt,*!, drawers, trousers, etc. ; *. By
masks; c. By jilasters, bandages, etc.
a. /•ifalien l-y wearing apparel frapf.
Alton ^(pantalcMins), Aluini'!., Barbantjni' (mother's chemise). Bell, B.',
scrotum (trousers). Bo^DE^, scrotum (triiiiscTs). Boialli's, Bulklev (bathing
suit). Caloerini (31 infected through unclean linen). Clkrc^, scrotum.
DiuNui, groin (undcr-garment). KRAtANziAMs, genitals (under-garment).
SYNOPSIS OF FACTS AND LITERATVRF. 215
Hennimc I (hat band). Hildanus ■ (pantaloons, ' stockings). Jullien', neck.
Leloir '", eye (from glove). Polailon, foot (from shoe). Pbofbta'", foot
(from shoe). Tavlor " (bathing suit, drawers}.
c. iHfection by piailtri, bandagts, etc., in demalie use,
BjSbken', hand (plaster). Bulklgv, neck (court-plaster, original case No.
CXI.). FouKNTEK*. Guicsard\ forchcad (dressings). Pelliz7.ari, C", cheek
and subclavicular reg:ton (plaster). Ricokoi •, nipple (dressings). Righter,
ear (court- plaster). Taylor "(plaster).
a. Infection by bedding, a. By pillows ; *, By other bedding.
a. Infiilion by pillows, drenched toith saliva or pus.
JuLUEN^, neck. Salsotto', cheek. Sauvaces, head. TAvtOR*".
i. Infiction 6y ihcets. or anything t xecft pillmit,
Danielssen. Guvon. Massa>. Pororf". Puche' (Actos)' (prison cot).
3. Infection by toilet articles. . a. By towels, sponges, etc. ; h. By combs and
brushes; i. By tooth-brushes; d. By syringes; e. By privy seats, etc
Infection iy toweh, jpongei, etc,
AnNi>G', nostril (towel). Barker, E. (towel). Bal'm", eyelid (towel).
BlANc', cheek (towel). Fenwilk, eyelid (towel). Froloff, eyelid (towel).
Hill', gum (towel). Hutchins'jn', linger (towel). OstroC.moff' (towelsl.
PospELOtt", nose (towel). Price, J. H.' (Sims'I, eye (towels and basins).
RosaS eyelid (towel). Siumund', labia (sponge). Stanley, lip (towel).
Taylor'p "(towel).
K Infection hy eomis and hrushes.
BotJEGOcNE' (comb). Ei.LiuTSDN (comli). IIiiKrHLipub', P,' (brush). Pro-
feta', scalp (comb). T/itbi.n (cumbs).
c. Infection by tooth bruslus, etc.
Baxter (tooth brush). Bi.i^Jit.sBAni (tooth brush). BirM5TEAri' (tooth
brush). Haslund ', tonsil (tooth brush). K.vioht ', tonsil (tooth powder).
Mackav (toothpick). Penny', gum (tooth brush).
d. Infection by syringes.
FOURNIER'. jDl.LlE.-i'. LeIJJIK ".
e. Infcitien by frity seals, etc.
FALLoru^s, bultwks. Fitzcidbons, thigh. Lodek'. Mahl". RunnicKi",
penis, Taylor »■.
4. Infection bf miscellaneous articles of conrenience, a. By handkerchiefs,
napkins, etc. ; i. By pins, etc.
a. Handkerchiefs, napkins, aprons, etc.
Agasaroff (handkerchief). A 1 kinsos ■\ nostril (liandkerchiefi. Leciiir ',
commissure (handkerchief). PEihKst>i', lip (napkin). Posi'eluw i«, eyelid
<apron). Tavlor" (handkercliief).
2i6 SVPillLIS INSONTIUM
b. fnfectien by^ns, tic.
BuLKLEV, tongue (original case No. LXXXIX). Koch, finger (drawing
instrument soiled with saliva).
I". In/Klion by cams.
Otis ° (mention of such laode of infection).
J. Iiifeition by opera glaisti.
Falcone, eyelid.
I. Injection by other methods in family life.
EvMENiEFF (playthings). Gallppk (toys). Griffin ", li]) (rouge), KLEtNEk,
lip (vaseline). Propeta" {bread, etc.).
Other instaiicts af Jaittislie infeetiga, in which the methads are not specified.
ANoNVMoi'si.m. Atkinson*, cheek (from parents), Be[,ousow', breast,
lip, tongue, saft-palate, tonsils', '. ". i". BiErr*(infant infects mother). Boeck,
C", Boeck, W.' (by mother)". Beonbon i, tonsil (from mother). Brvant ', lip
(from father). Ciiambav (child by mother). CfiLLES*, lip, brea.st (family epi-
demic), Drvsdai.e' (room-mate). Eltzinai. Emsek, Faguek, tonsiL
FkularoS cheek (from uncle). Foukmek*. »'. Fox, T. C, lip. Gemiia<.
GsiFFiN', lip (from husband), " tongue (from husband), " lip (from husband),
Hai'Ker^ (from father or mother), '{from g;randm other). Havwarb* (grand-
mother). Henrot (mother from infant). Hekkenstkin i. Hoffman', nose
(from servant). Jabotskv'. Jelzina", Jlnquet'. '. Karamane.sko'- '. *,
Kavekin". KoLoKouiw, lip. La;(anskv. Leiila.nc". Lee, H.', '. Lubik-
iKV '■ '. McGuire', tonsil. Mabjounk. MarLow, eyelid, Marmissb.
Massa*. MAl:BIAl:^ MiciiEi.', eyelid. Mikhaii-ufi'', Monnet'.'.', cheek,
lip and mouth (bymother). MoRfiAN ', mouth. Nasse*, gum. Neuwanm',
tongue. Orv'. PACt'iri'i'm*, tonsil. Pf.i.lizjiari, C.'', tonsil, '.'angle of
mouth, «. ". PKT1CRSE.N'. lip, Pktrlnj". Poi-otehnoffi.'. '. ", PoNTETMip,
Poi-oPF I- '. pi iRAV-KijscHiTi ', tonsil, 1 ' lip, " mouth, » tonsil. " palate,
" buccal, "• ™i ^* fauces. PosrKLOW ", fauces, tonsil. Price, D. Price, J, H.'.
Rafinbsiji:e, Rkiltie, Ruuert, a. Rlciie «, \ Rocer K Rollet', tonsil.
Romanoff. Rijussf.i.', throat*, I". Saiiimn, Schmh. Sei.enkw', lonsiL
Shasu', mouth. Sims'. Soi.er ', lip. Sotl'haka, Ssabinin. Stein.
StollIi",™. Stiri-.is', check. Tardiei)', I". Taylor', lip'^ Theobai.p', Up.
TuLjAS'. lip (from husband). Trevisanello', tonsil. Van Duoteren and
Van Walsem', tonsil (from father), nip. Van Hakuncen'. VER>EmL>,
Vn,NNois=.». Wall,\ck*, throat. Waller',-. "Weil', Wilducjre. Wild-
haoen', lip (room-mate). Wilson '.
EiicjAi, iii.r; I, Buccal; 2. iJigital.
1. Biiml Inrecllon. br rontifl In diiuratlc nixl torlal lif* ; I. By kissing:
1. By bitinj!-
1. Infection from actire am/ limited eonlact. in kissing: a. Ruciiirocal; *, Non-
a, Inftilioii from recipmenl kisHiig, Hp t\i lip.
Allerii {"de ipsculii morliifero. etc.," known only by title). ANONYMOUSa,
mouth. Akiiii R\ AxKis'-nN ', lip, B.i.kfssi'Rcm;', lip. Bardvzzi', lip.
SyA'OPS/S Ol- l-Atr.S AS/J UrEkATCKE 2t7
BASSEREAir ', lip. BaUM*, Up. BeLL, B.'. BeRTKERANU ', tonsil. BlETT'.'
(Cazen-a\-e), lip. B(iECK, C*. tonsil. Botallus. BCDOcoFr'. tonsil. Bvlklev.
Bush, lip. Cajuron*, lip. Cassidv, lip. Cazknave', fauces. Ckisholm, lip,
CHkESTiSK' (SmoKEAU), tongue, Colles '. Culleriek, M.', lip> (Cmenave),
lip. DeMemc, tonsil. Draper, lip. Dkvsuai.e', lip. £i.uut, fauces.
Erichsen', toQgue*. Eustachios', tongue. Fahkb. fauces. Fauuht, gum.
Ferneuus', lip. Fox, G, H. •, Up. Fkuelich', Up. Gabalda, lip. Gallii:"'.
Gamberim', lip. Gav, A. H. '. Girert', tonsil. GlPck", tonsil. Gratia '. lip.
Griffin*. ■'■ I'.", lip. Gross', lip'. Guktz', ". lip". HASLUNIl^ tonsil.
Heislek', chin. Henrv', lip. Huj.ot, gum. jAKOi.EFf', lip, Keves'i ', lip,
Lallemamd', lip. Lanc', Up. Lancenueck. Lanclehert^, lip. Laverune
snd Pekrin', lip. Lee, H.*, tongue. Lefeivre, Up. Lewin', lip, 'I'lip.
Li.vPESToLPE. LvusroN', tongue. McGl-irb'. M.tNiiANoTTE, lip. Marc'
(Roux), tonsil. Marcomner', lip. Mauriac. Minot, Up. MiiRr.AN", Up,
Hra^ek'. lip. Nevman.n-', lip. " lip. Notta, Up. Ohv' {Lailler), lip.
OstrOumoff [ . Otis'.", Up. pANtRiTius', lip, ' tonsil. Partriw.e, Up.
Petersen', gum. Popuff>. Porav-Koschitz*. Hp. Purter, W. H. (Pratt),
tonsil. PosPELow", fauces. Price, J. H.' (Gktiss), ■• lip. RLnakii, tonsil.
Reumont, lip. RicoRD*, lip. Rgi)ui:;K', Up. Rullet". Saleneuve, tongue.
ScHLEGEL. Schneider (Ploiijlet), '■ per salivam osculum". Shoemaker, Up.
SiCMUNii. Stirli.-sg'. Stukowenkhw I, tonsil. Sittun. Tkmpi.f,, Up.
Thomas', lip. Van Haki.i.vces*. lip. ' tongue. Vurumi s, lip. Vldal, E.",
tai)»L ViENNOis', lip. Walter'. », lip. Willi.
b. Non-rtciproial kisiing^ iips to olhtr parts,
Abadie {Vicl'1eh»), eyelid. Alekamie>i ', eyelid. Auuin nai'h' (Fourmer),
breast. Avres(DeBeck), eyelid. Barhlzzi', cheek. Bknsun*, ej-elid. Bloom',
angle jaw. Buucherun', eyelid. BRVA^T^ nipple. Bimsteau', nipple,
Davis (nurse, nursling). Dupnf:, eyelid. Focrnier", nipple. Gratu',
eyelid, Herard', nipple?. Johnshs', nipple. LAVEHf;NE and Perrin',
breast. Leloir', toes. Mackenzie, W.*, conjunctiva. Mra^ek', behind
ear, • nipple. Neumann", cheek, "chin, "nipple?. Pospelow', chin.
Renault, neck. Richun, eyelid. Ricorh", breast. Salsottm', eyelid.
Sattler (De Beck), conjunctiva. Tennrso.s, cheek. Touciialeaiime, eyelid.
■Watson, S.', cheek. Wecker', conjunctiva. Zauoujtski, eyelid. Zelssl, H.=,
cheek. Zl'cker, ear.
i. InUctioi) from biting; a. A« a caress; /'. In defence or iissaull: i. Acci-
dental tooth wounds.
a. ^H,»g as a firm of <.tre$!.
Baum', cheek. BLASCHKO,Up. Biivek', nipplu in male. Brmune, cheek.
Buzenet', tongue. Clements, lip. Dli^^', lip. F.iik.njer"', neck. Fkciki m ii',
nipple. Gamberini', cheek. IIekarii', nipple?. Km'usi', lip. Nei m.inn".
lip," nipple?. RoLLE'r^' '", lip, tongue. Tavlok", nipple in mali.', " lip.
Van Harlingen'.*, Up. ' mouth. " nipple. Zkissl, H.», brt-asl.
b. Biting in Jtfin.c ur assault.
Arthur', lip, chin. Bar.mulx, L-ar. Bka'ivais', finger, '(Glk\), li.uiil.
Bmj«(Gi(Igkard'), finger. Blache/, ueik. Bkint"N (Roiie'J, nose. BmiwN,
310 SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
F, T., finger. Bucci, Bnger, Bumstead (Sturgis'), cheek. Campart*, ejrelid.
Carriere, thumb. Finger', nose, ear, thumb, toe. Froelich', wrist, Gam-
HEBIN1*, neck, ' (Bucci), finger. Giovannlni '". finger, Guicnard^, nose.
Hexrv', cheek. HohteloL'F, P.' (Simonet)'. cheek. Hutchinson, J.*. Jones,
S., hand. Kaposi', chin. Lavergne and Pekkin', cheek, neck, ear, arm, finger.
L!!Sa(;e'{P'o^'''NIEk), thumb, >(BROUAftDEL'), finger, '(Fouknjek, Lavercne and
Perr]n-), cheek, ' (Hkkmet, Lavercne and Pekrin), ear. Mulli^rg (Jullien),
finger. Morel-LavallSe*. eyebrow, '(Pournier), cheek, Neumann*, thumb,'
hand. » hand or finger. Peluziari, C, chin, cheek, neck. Petersen*, check,
■finger. Pouav-Koschit^ ^. Profetai,'. cheek. Robbins'. Roddick', neck.
Salsotto', cheek. Soler', cheek. Tarnowsky', hip. Tchagcn'. cheek,
VvEDENSKV', finger. Walter', lip. Zeisse, chin. Zeissl, H.", thumb.
c. Toiith-iaounds accidtutally inflUted.
BrLKLEY, hand {original case No. CVII.). Chochlow', finger (blow on
teeth). Fourmkr". Gazet, forehead (from dog-bite). Hutchinson, J.*,
knuckle (fighting)™. Lesage' (Foi'r.viek), finger (policeman). LCskevitch,
finger (fighting). Maci.aren'. finger. Si-eranskv '. nose (fighting). VicfiER',
cheek (in play). Wouri', knuckle (blow on tooth).
2. Dlgllal InrecIliiB In dDiuMtlc anil WH'iiil lift ; i. By contact: 2. By Dail
wounds.
I. fnfection by contact of finger; a. Self inoculation; i. Inoculation of
others. (Many of these cases are found also in other sections).
a. AulB-inmalatii/n 6y mtans of finger.
Bryant', finger (direct contact). Gale;(owskl>, eyelid. Gkatia', eyeUd
(venereal). Hi'mer', lip. Lam;'", thumb (from own penis). Lawrence',
thumb (direct contact). Lee, H.'", finger {direct contact). Leloir'", eyelid.
Lustheman, eyelid. Morfan*, septum nasi. Marston(Lee. H.*}, face. Maiet,
eyelid (from own penis). Michel' (Stei.lwau von Carion), eyelid, Moure*,
septum nasi. Nelmann", finger, Ohma.n.n-Dl'mesml', hp (from own penis).
Peter', finger (from own penis), Popiikf'. Ricokd*. eyelid. Siomund', finger
(direct contact). Suchanek\ lip. Taylor", finger. Wood*, finger (in
barber).
b. Inocidalwn i-f^lliirs by mtam <</ finger.
Pll'mf.rt'p breast (scratch by brother). TciiisriAKdFF", head (wound
infected by barber).
3. Infection by nail mounds : a. Scratching; i. Pinching.
a. Iiiftclion by scmtcliing.
Allen, C, W.', behind ear. Bryan r'. cheek. CoorER, A.' hypoga,s-
trium. NrECE, elbow. RoDDrcK'', forehead. Rullet", chin. Taylor",
forehead. VAuriHAN. scaln.
SYNOPSIS OF FACTS AND LITERATURE
4. Infection by passive contact in domestic and soc
Contact JD sleep: ^- Iq carrying or supporting.
a. Non-vtntreal CDHlacI in M.
Bbrgii*, gluteal region. Bebthbrand' (Guyon). Broicii'*. thigh. Caze-
NAVe' (LaGSEAII, LuCAS-CHAHPlONlfeltK, BIETT). CoLLE. COHBIGAN f'butlon
scurvy"). De Beck', eyelid. Dbysuale'. vulva. Fhiedlasder^. Haunrk*.
HiLDANus*. HoRST'. HuLOT, trochanter. Lancereaux' (Raver"). La-
VEKCNE and Pekrin', thigh. Mai^riac*. back. Mra^ek', wrist. Osiaxder.
PospELow ", chin.
6. Contact in latryiag, mpfiarting, /te.
PoNTANUS (mere contact). Fuir.mer (Jimun*), front tlngh (holding
woman in lap). Pellizzaki, C.'», sub-majcillary region (contact with chancre of
chin), " tonsil, neck, cheek, arm, chin, chest, mouth, anus (all from contact).
RiZAT' (SiMONET*. Ciiipieh), nucha (carrying woman), 'abdomen (contact),
Tarnowskv J, arm (contact with chancre of hip).
B. Infection in industrial relations; t. Buccal infection 12. Digital infection.
1. BcccAL iNFECTius IN iMUisTRiAi. REi.ATioss; [. By Occupations requiring
the use of the breath; 2. By necessary or unnecessary use of the lips.
I. Industrial infection by occupations requiring the iiee of the breath; a. Glass-
blowers; i. Assayers; c Weavers; 1^. Musicians; /. Conductors;/. Housemaids,
a. iHfKtion a/ glasAblmmrs.
ASONVMOI-sMip. ACBERT ', lip. BaKIN'. BeKNAKH, A. 1. BESMEK = a,Jb.
Crassagkv. Dechaix (Gl'inasii"). Deki--ehnez. Desmet'. DiiiAv'". ", lip.
Dbon', lip, Gailleton. GametI. Gromier, lip. Gl'inamj', '. Hejueri;.
Hervier. Laura.nge. Mason', lip. Nuims. Pehroudi, lip. Ravooli and
Rasori>. Roddick', Up RoLLETMip", Sii:Mt-NDii, lip (four cases). Vien-
NOIS*. lip, 'lip, "tonsi!, '■' fauces i', VjLi.ARt), lip.
(Statistics of Hosp. Antiquaille, Lyons, from 1 959 to i S71, furnish %3 cases ;
many included in the above. Besmer, DruS, Gau.i-etos. Perroi'd, Rolcei).
6. Infection of assaytn hy use pf the lila^opipe.
Margoniner*, palate (goldsmith's blowpipe). SiijvirND i' j, lip (three
cases, two of them infected from same person).
c. Infection of weavers.
Behrend I (entire family infected by mouth sprinkling-pipe).
d. Infection of musteians from wind iiiilriiments.
GREE.VLEAF, hp (cornet). GC.ntz'. Lesaue' (clanonette). Mason', lip
(comet). PospEUiw °, gum (clarion e tie). Rihssel^ (cornet). Siumvnd.
Tkdenet, lip (cornet). ViiirlEH', iii.side cheek (cornel), " tonsil (flute).
*. InftcHtm of eonduclors of street eoiix-ey.»'\ics or others using signalling -.ohistles.
Gros, Up, (bus conductor). TAVLnn".
20 SYPHILIS lySONTIUAf
/. Injection a/domtsliii or olhiTi using ipiaking-tHbt$.
MARTINEAlrt, lip. Vll.Al,. E.'. lip.
2. Buccal infection in industrial relations, from the neeeaaary or unnecessary
SB of the lips: a. Cooks; i. Furriers; i-. Upholsterers ami Shoemakers;
'. Clerks; f. Cashiers;/. Other occupations.
a. Infictien of cooks from
■ tit i.if o/llie tasting-speon.
Ji[.i.1EN*b, Roi.let', lip. SCH
IRAJEW ', tonsil. TCHISTIAKOFP'
of cheek.
,
b. I„/.n,o„ of furriers from
comnwn use of thread in meuth.
PuH*v-Kos( iinz 1. lip (three men
infected from a fourth).
c. Infiction of iiphoUtfrtrs and shoemakers from lacks or pegs held in monilk whilt at
■work (the surplus being thrown into the common receptacle).
PospELow ', tongue (from shoemakers' pegs), Spili.man *, lip. Steele, Up.
d. Infection ofcterks and others, hy -jiriling imfdiments, etc., htld in Ihilifs.
Bangs (Fo\, G. H.'), gum (pencil). Cai.mette, tonsil (pencil). Ci'li-ehier,
A.', lip (pencil). Daeiink, lip (quill-pen). Fournier (Jumon') (paper-knife),
GlCck*, lip (pencil). Mokel-LavallCe", tonsil (pencil). Otis', lip (pencil).
RiciTERAM) (quill-pen). Rkoru'*, lip (quill-pen), RuHf, tongue (pencil).
SiGMi'Nn (brush-holder).
e. Jnfecli,
}n if cashiers and others f mm coins
and h,nk-.
',otcs held in the
Ups.
T,^
IJESN.IS',
,Iip(coini
tongue (liank-notesj. Pn/i;i»li
■).
o\|, lip (bank-notes). Rodisson,
/ Buccal nifectiim in othe
roccupatio,
«.
Ai'PRv. lip (gunsmith). Besmkk' '. lip and tongue
man). GrNii", lip (flower maker). Kahamanenko »
(militarj- service).
(from brush
(fieldwork).
of work.
iiir
1. Dn-.iT,'
M clothes
, ragpickers and others.
— ■^■
:aundresses; i
. Dealers
a. Infection of liiuttdresses an.
,iaamiern
•laids.
lid.
Fkoeu.
\ i , finger. BoEfK, C, finger,
1.-11 \ arm. GfNU". Haiiam
.rm, "'hand. R..i>i.m:k'. wrist.
Bottev
.E, eyel.d.
TCKAGIN-
, hand. Dor
Mai:laken>
1, eyelid.
NIC, eye-
, thumb.
h. I'ifeetion of handlers of old clelhing and ragpickers.
cs (two sisters from tj.i^L-.ilT clothiny). Fiukme
SYNOPSfS OF FACTS AND LITERATURE 221
n. SYPHILIS BREPHOTROPHICA.
This section, relating to the acquiring of syphilis in connection with
infant life, has two great subdivisions: A. As acquired by the child or others,
through nutrition; and. B. As acquired in connection with the care of infants,
either by Ihem or by others. Some of the subdivisions will be found to be the
same as in the preceding section, and sotne references are interchangeable.
A. Infection in connection with nutrition of infants, subdivided into,
I. Infection by lactation \ and, 2. Infection by hand-feeding.
a. Nnru larprtfd iij' niinllBit; 1. From nursling with hereditary syphilis;
a. From infants wiih acquired syphiliii.
I. Infection of nurse (one or more), by a nursling mth lieredHar/ ayphilii;
including, a. Mother infected (exception to CoUes' law); t. Nurse infected by
nursling.
d. Afatier inftiUd by man child tvilk ktrtditary jj/ii/ii (exception to CoUes' law).
Bertin*. Cazenave'i. GriHotrr". Mf.rz' (ZiNtjALia). Pelluzabi, P.
(Juluen"). Ranke. Scaren?ici». TuMma5i-Crvdeu. Zeissl, M,' (LCth).
h. Nurst (not tie mother) infected by Hurtling ■with hereditary syphilis,
Abernethv' (Watsojj of Steurferl). Ac-ion' (family infection and law-
suit). Ai.BERs'. Ambbos'ii.i'. Appay 'i * (Fuurmek) '1 '• ' (Lk.Dentu),
Arcabi* AitDOVNAvn' (Foubniek)'.'(Broca'), '(BazisI), '.(Triboulet) =.(Sim-
ONF.T>), " (CHAKPE-NTIERI, " (SlBEDEV). AliXlAS-TfRENNE '. BaBOINET ». >i *.
Barillier. Barn'es. Bai.*m'". BAitMCs'i *. Behreni)'. >. Bell*. Bergeret.
Bertik^. • (Lebla-nc). Blondead. Boeck, C. Boeck, W.'i •. Buerhave", '.
BoUCHlT 1 (RaVEB 1). BOVER '. BkEDA", '. BULKLEV. Bl'RV. BvRNE. CaM-
?AKA '. CAMl'BEt.L. CaRADEC. CaRLE. Ca.S1'ARY '■ '. CAZENAVE*. >*.
Chabkely. Chadzvnski. Chkesties' (Niel), ■{MEnamj i), » (Dai.mas). Clary
UidGuARV*. Clkbici. Colles*. '. CfLLERiER, M,'. CiiLLERiER (nephew)
{LoCAB^HAMPlOSNlfiBE '), (DlDAV'). CUSACK '». DaMELSSEN '. '. DE AMJCIs'.
Dbase. Delore (Foi;r.meh *). Devavx*. Dkcjn '. % \ '• '. Drvsuale*! ■.
DUPUVTBES- (Rouseita), also ej'clid. Uiirkee ' (Bennett, J. H.)'. Eiihard.
EcAN '■ *, Engelsted ', '. Farre. Foresti's, FoRTiM. FiK'RSiER (earlier
cases of " Appav," Auuovnaitj, ** Hruir. etc.)".". Gamet" (Gi'inami ||.
Gardane*. Gal-thieb. Gavin. Gu.uekt (Va&sal^). GluI-lerv. Haase'''.
HaBENSTREIT. HeBRA,F.VON, HeHZEWIKIN'. HjriBT'. HOFMANN'. Hl'KTER'.
HiTCHiNsoN, J.". JoLY. Keyes'. Kun"K. KortCm'. Laiineau, G.', '
(Def Aire AMBo urge). Lallemand', ' (SoticiuER}. Lawrence \ hce,, H,».
LkLOIR'i*. LEONESIO. LeTORSAY. LEWIN', ". '. LOWDELl. ', LUKINSKV '■=■•,
Manmko. Marmisse. Mensinoa. Mijnteugia. Mi IRA and Sokesisa ', '.
Hohgan'. Neumann •■ ". ". O'Connor '■ '. ''\ Oky'" (Laillkhi. Pi'.u.izzabi,
C.i,J, •.•,■!. Peluzzari, f.' (Roster'). Petkim i. Via Mi-.m '. '. Phlak.
POSPBLOW*. Price, D, Pbofeta, Pwtehnat ', '. Ravel. Rilukui". 'L ".
3ia SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
RlZAT '. RlZZI. ROVLET '. SaDOL'I.. ' ShERWELL'. SlGMUND 'i '• "■ ". SmITH,
J. L. Spebino '. Stl'rue ', Suchanek '■ •. Tardcev '. 'i 'i '■ '• '. '". i'. ".
Taylor '• *. '. Tkjbv '. Trousseau •, Tchistiakofp '■ ". Valerv,
/« thcfoUmiing class of loses, nurse (not Ikt molAer) iaficled 6y HHriling. it ii
impossible lo ascirtain whetkir the infoHts in each ease were subjects of htreditary or
acquired syfkiUi.
Anonymous I. m. r, Anstie. Ahckambault ' (Pontet '), Axenfeld. Baku-
ineti. Belousow'i'. Berger. Berti. Beurmann. Biett'. Bioblow'.
BoTi'EX, BoucHUT'. Bovs-tJE-LouRv. Broick'. Capuron'. Cataneus.
Chaboux'. Cheminahe', del Chiappa'. Clarke, A. CoccHi. Cullehier,
A.'. De Amicis '. Des Molcnes. Diday \ '. Elus. Eltzina '. Fernelius ',
ForCART. FoL^RNlES "i ". "i "i "t ". ", *•. '•i ". "". FREDET I. '. FrOELICH '. GaIL-
LETON. GaLEZOWSKI I. GeMMA'.'. GCOVANNINI'. GUERHIEH. HaMESTONI.
HXhdh, C. W. Havwarii.1. Hebka, H. Henrj-de-Saist-Arnould. Her-
zenstein'. Horteloup, E, aadP, Jacqi'et. Jelzina'. Johnson'. Jumquet',
Karamanenko I, Kehreh. KoBYLiN. KoMiN ', '. Langlebert I. Lee, H.', ".
Lefevre. Lewi','. Linhstkom'. LinnIS. McCraith", Manassei. Mari-
ANELLl'. MeR/I. MtCHEL, J. Ml-KIIAILOFF '. MoORE'. MUSITANUS. OeDMANS-
soN. pAccmoTii'. Parker". Peeroi.-o*. Petersen'. Petreni. Pli.natus.
PoGGlO. POLOTEBNOKK', '. ' (STEINI, > (SoTCilARA). PoPOFF'. '. PORAY-KOS-
CHiTZ "• "• ". QiriNQUAUD'. Rabl. Ravocli and Rasori'. Razumoff', '.
Reicke, Rf.ichebach '. Rhodius. Ridley. Riverius. RocHi'. •. >. *. Rod-
dick*. Roger". Sabinin. Salsotto'. San Juan. Sartoril's. Scarenzio'.
Skinner. Soffianti.ni. Solek*. Sferanskv'. Stepanoff 'i '. Tasturki',
TORELLA." TOWKSEND. TrEVISANELLO *. TulLIEt (BaHDINET). TukATL
UssAS*. Velschius. Vebnel'il'. -"i ". ViE.\Noia.' Violet". Waaler', '. •
(SuciiANEK). Weil'. Wilohagen*. Wiltshire. Zarewiez (GlOck ').
a. Infection of narse b/ a nursling wilh acquired Sfphilit : including infant
acquiring syphilis: a. From lactation; 6. From kissing, etc.; c. From vacd-
a. Thf in/anPs syphilis acquired in lactaliiiH.
(In this section belong many cases in essential lactation-epi demies, where
nurslings infect Iheir own mothers and other nurses, and but few separate
references can be made).
Brassavula (nurse raolher). Fk[edlander'(?). Gibeht" (nurse mother).
Lees (nurse mother) (Hutchinson "). OHf:D£.vARE (?). Pease' (nurse mother).
Fohi'ELow' (nurse mother). Schmalz' (nurse mother), Soler' (narse
mother). Wilson' (nurse mother).
b. The infant s syphilis acquired by kissing or otha-aiisc per os.
GuENZBEEu'. KiLJAN^. Lnvj\ McCraith'. Pay.\e». Porav-Koschitz".
RicoKW'". I'. Rupp'. Tavlok:. TiitouALii'. Tuholske.
(In this section belong those cases found m epidemics
SYNOPSIS OF FACTS AND UTEKATURE aaj
circumcision, etc., where the children have infected mothers and nurses, and
few separate references can be given).
Albeks' {circumcision). Clarv and Guahy (vaccination). Depaul'.
FiiiKDLAKDE* • (7) (vaccination). Glatter (vaccination). Labovenne' (vaccina-
tion). MiDDLETONi (vaccination). Mo5ei.ev (vaccination). Pekris' (vaccina-
tion). PoRAV-KoscHiTz ". •• (vaccination). Rodet ' (vaccination). Sulomow,
J, V.' (vaccination).
fc, Minlinr larHltd \f >ina or oihw ■milBRi i. Nurse has chancre of
breast; 2. Nurse has recent syphilis, but no chancre of breast; 3. Nipple
serves as medium, from another nursling.
I. The tiurae, baring been infected in lactation, has a chancre of the nipple.
a. Nursling inferUd dirtctly /rem nipple.
Ahbrosou*. Baiim6s'. Behrend*. Boeck. W.," lip. 'lip, '.•lip,
"ton^e. BoTTEX, BoLCHUT'. BliLKLEV. CASPARV ', COLLES*. CULLEBJER
(nephew) (Lucas Ckampiunni6re '). Damelssen i. DeAmccis', Drun*.
Engelsteu •. Fovb.nier ". Galezowski ', lip. Havwarii '. Karamanenko '.
Lag»eau, G.'. Lewin ", ». Lowdell'. Liiinsky '. McCraith', '.
MONTECGIA ', lip '. Pl.LOTEBNOKf '. PoNTET • (ArCUAMBAITLT •). PRICE, D.
Ricosm', ""lip, "tongue. Ri>i,i.Kr^ lip. Tantuhri^. Trevisanello", *.
Vkkneuil*. Waller'. Weil'.
n. Tha nurgB hai recant s/philis but no chancre of breast.
a. Nuriling in/Kt/d from mucous patches on briast.
Acosnm. Alison. Akning'. Barilliek. Bergeret. Boerhaavb',
Bkassavola. Bkuneau. Gapurun'. Ceeasi'.^ Chrestian' (M£narli'), Coote',
DeAmicis*. Diemer'. Donn£. EfSTACimi5'(?}. Foresti-s. Foi;rnier»\».«
Up". "1 "■ •>. Friedlander'(?), Gibert*, lip. Gueniberi: i, tongue'. Hasier-
Tos'. Heister, Hill'i*. Lanluxi. Lee, H.I'. Legranui, Lister. Liizi.'jskv','i*.
Mever (in Mindern). Mikailoff'. Mostegcia',', Moore*. OBTttuiwici,
Pare. Pelliiiaei, C.'t'.'''.'^ Portal. Piitegnai '. Roger'. Rosen v,
RosENSTEi.v '. Roster'. Scihrajew'. Schmal/.'. Shand. Siqmusu", lip.
SoLEB', tongue. Stahl. Stoll'. Thirv (Charpentier). Tciiisti.akoff'.
Vaw SwlETEN. Venot. Vidal-de-Cass[s. Waller '. Winters '.
*. Nuriliitg in/tcttd from itippk caalamiaated aiili soiled fiHgers, etc.
CuLLERlER, A. (RlcoRDl, (nurse contaminates nipple with finger from
vulvar syphilides).
/. Nurlling inficlid by iupposed Iransmiaitm through the milk.
CeRASII. MaSSS1;R0W'. NiSS' (MoRKIs). STt.lNFItRGEK.
3. Hipide ttie medium, another nursling the sjpliilifer.
a. Nippli 0/tki nurse the medium of transmission.
Bextin'. Stoll' (nurse had not syphilis herstlf, but one child infected by
another through the same nipple).
SYPiULlS mSONTIUM
relating toi a. Adults infected;
■. Tk« ■ttcndut la iBlbrtcd by tks child) including I. HandfeediDg of new
bom infants, generally with hertdttary syphilis; and a. Weaning of children,
generally with acquired syphilis; considered together,
a. Infeelimi fram the nursing l-ettle (by tasting it in connection With feeding the
child).
AprAv' (Gondonin), tonsil, Bolscuwing', fauces, Drvsuale', throat.
FOURMER^ (HlI.LAIRET), HuTCHINSON »», GlBEKT*. KOBNER', LaNG*, tOUsiL
LtSiiER ■. Macdonalu, tonsil. Rvan, C. 5.>, lip. Spillman ', tonsil.
b. Inficlien from the arlifidai Itat.
PlUMERT*, PoLOTEBfiOFF' (SUCking hOTO).
c. Infection from chewing child's focd,
Bataschofk*, lip. BdECK, W.ii, Cold'.
,/. /nfiilwH frcm s/moHS, cufs, ,1c.
Bardinet (Diday). Bertherasi), KCihser ', pharynx (spoon). Lagmeau,
G.' (spoon). LfiRET, family epidemic (spoon). Li^CAS-CirAMPiONNiEBE', family
epidemic (spoon and cup). Montecgia" (spoon), Rollet", tonsil (spoon).
Roi."ssEi.=», tonsil (spoon). TotjU, throat (spoon),
b, InfrctlDii of Inhnt iat\af hrilag \ including, :. Infection by a syphilitic
attendant; and a. Infection by children fostered with it.
1. Infant infected b/ sjp/iiliiic attendant through handfeeding,
a. From tasting the nursing holtle.
AsoN'VMors'. Al-dqvnavd' (FouHNiF.it). UstruCmoffI.
I>. From tasting and inserting Ike artificial teat.
PlI 1IF.RT\ Poi.lJTF.NBOFF" (sUCking-hom).
c. From chewing infant'' s food,
BofcLK, W.';-. BiiKTTi.Ek. CiiAUnrx'. K[u,\>'. Roses von Rosenstein',
Wolf '-
d. From i.urming its fap in Ihc mouth.
Van Uki k^.
e. From feeding loilh s/oori or tuf alternately loith self.
0*Co^^oll^ (spoonj, ViiiAi.-UK-L'A.'i'.is (tin cup), Wilson', fauces (spoon).
1 feeding*
SYNOPSJS OF FACTS AND UTERATURE aaj
B. InfectioD by attendance on ayphllltic in&nta (other than in connection
frith nutritioD) : referring to, i. Metliate tantact; 3. Direct contact.
CONNECTION WITH ITS TOILET, CLOTHING, ETC,, relating to, 1. Toilet articles;
3. Coverings.
1. Infection by toilet articles: inclviditig, a. Washwater; k Sponges; r.
Combs; d. Syringes.
KOkner ^
LEHiF.R, A.', vulva. Folhnier" (Pontet ■), vulva.
', pudenda.
pELLIZZAkI, P. (Pellizzari, C), scalp.
rf. Syringes.
3. Infection by clothing, bedding, etc.
a. Clothi, nafiini, etc.
DiDAV (Jl'luen* »), anus (towel or napkin). Lavergne and Perrin', near
aous. PELL17.ZAR1, C.^ '-', anuH. Peter', vulva (diaper used as towel by
father).
h. r,fddi,.g, fu.
BoLSCHWiNG ' (cradle clothes). Ci^sack • (adult infected;. Pellizzari. C",
eyelid (pillow). Pellizzar], P.', eyelid (pillow with saliva).
3. Infection BY uirect contact, in careofcjuldren; divided, as in Syphilis
econoniica, into i. Active; and a. Passive contact.
1. InhrtloD bTHtlir .nJ llmllH ranljirt: divided into, a. Buccal;*. Digital;
and c. Al-rial.
a. Infection by buccal contact, tlips. tongue, teelti): including, i. Kissing and
fondling; and i. Dental inoculation.
r. /a/tciioii iy contact in filling antf/aiidlini,', divided into a. Reciprocal; and
A Non -reciprocal.
fl. Reciprnioi kissing, lip to lif.
a. AUn/h i„/i,leilpo,„ ,hil<l'i><.
Boerhaave' (several women from one cliiltl). Davis. Eichman. Lf.e',
lip. Le Genure>, tonsil (Hulot). Lvhstdn", liji. MirsirANirs (nuns in con-
vent). Neumann', ', chin". Pkia.ikzari, C". Rollet", lip. Stoll'.
b. Chiidrtn iiiftcted iy adults.
Baum'. Bektin'. Bryant', lip. Cat'i^ron', lip. Ciiarri£ke. Coote'.
DiBTERiCH, lip. Peuuuid', lip. Fox, G. H.', tongue. KCIhnek'. Koit, C.
Lavekone and Perrin*. McCraith', lip. M'rkuk. Nk.imaxn'. Payne'.
Peluzzaki, C* Roger', lip. Romanuki- '. Stirling', lip. Sloll, Skauek',
tonsil. Tavlor'. Tuholskk, lip.
aa6 SYPHILIS INSONTJUM *
c. ChiUrcH inftctedfram tkiUrtn.
COOTK'. GSIKHN". GufeMOT (PoNrET«). NEUMANN '.
b. NoH-rtiiprocal kiising, lips to other parts.
a. A duUs ix fitted .
EcAN^, neclc (infiLnt's tips to site of pin -scratch),' tongae (kissing about
h. Children infected.
Bkevkr (Cunieri), eyelid, Cumek'. Despagnet*, eyelid. Eltzina',
finger. Kcuriashofe. penis. Mackay, eyelid. Ryan, J. P., forehead.
ScHi'KiG. Thomas*, forehead.
%. Infeclion by dental inacutalion.
Dkvsdale', Up (bite of child). Snowball (Bikd", Ryan, C. S.'), nose
(bite of nursling).
b. InfBciion by digital contact: intluding, i. Simple contact; 3. By nail
1 . JiifeciiPH by simple eoHlact (attendant or child infected).
a. Adults receive chancre of fiaser,
SchOller ', finger,' hand. Sigmund (a number of cases in old attendants).
UssAs', palm of band.
b. Infants infected by atlendatil.'.
Bacdrv ', eyelid (saliva on attendant's finger), ' eyelid (saliva on mother's
finger). Be* I IN ', vulva ftjathing with saliva by mother). Cullerier, M. ', lip
(bathinii with saliva). Leluik', groin (from wettiagwith saliva). Pellizzaki
P.'. eyelid (saliva of mother}. Sigmund'", mouth (by finger of midwife).
Wecker ', eyelid (mother's saliva).
e. Distal infeilien by own soiled Jingirs.
d. Infection by child's soiled fingers.
B[ett'(Cazenave). lip (forcing setretion of mucous patches upon fingers
into mouth of six-year-old brother). Fuuhniek ( Pontet' ), tongue. Sturgb*,
lip, tongue,
2. h,fecU^n by nail -wounds.
Dknil, eyelid (in nurse from scratch of nursling).
c. Aerial transmission by blowing or atomizing saliva.
Sipliuiii^, J. V.I, ej-elid (child infected by aunt, sputtering in the face).
S, iNrcFtlon \ij puilip cdBUFi) I. In parturition; i. During slumber; 3. By
I. Infe.-t,on .f infant from mother during parturition.
Bell. B.I. CAkHERrts-v-AnAoii. eyelid l?]. GrC!NFELd', scalp. Guibout,
I SYNOPSIS OF FACTS AND LITERATURE XSJ
1. la/ttboH from isHlacI in bid.
AcTciK'. Bkvant". Colles'. Cooke'. Diemeh, Friedlander'.
Haumuc*. Lesser'. LitztNSKv'. Nkumann", umbilicus. Peatson.
Pellizzari. C". tnguino-scrotal fold. Prllizzabi, P.'. eyelid. Swediaur '.
Trousseau ', bottocks. Violet', vulva. Voeur. Waller ^
3. In/cciiaii fram lonlail ih tarrying ihildtta: a. Attendant Infected ; b. Infant
infected.
a. AUcndanI snftcUd.
Cl-sack', thumb. Dowse, forearm.
HuLOT, eyelid. Keves ', arm. Paclh
cheek. Sqlek', arm. Waller', cbeek and neck.
b. /h/ohI in/etUd.
HuLOT, neck (from nurse). RnifEr (Ricohd'j (contact with hand of nurse).
Mis^tllatuau! inslaiiees 0/ lir/pkotrophif in/cciwii; ,1. Attendants infected;
i. Infants infected.
a. Adults infictrd by ckildrtn.
Baum', chin. BoECK, C.', tonsil. Boeck, W.', lip. Breda', tonsil.
BxoiCK*, palate. BucErai.z. tonsil. Castklnai' (Robekt). Coi.les'. Crlpi's*,
eyelid. ' Cusack', peri-anal. Damel-sskn », tonsil. Dhos *, lip, tonsil.
DPstbrdorf (case in epidemic) (Hvi'eland). Eblefsen. Fourncek", lip.
Fkiedlander <, tongue'i*. ORruonow, tonsil. Gurovitch', lip. Haslund',
tonsil. Hunter'.'. Hviie, thumb. July (case in epidemic). Jullien '.
KObnkr', palate. Komin'=, mouth. Lancereaijx'. LEcijg', tonsil. Lee, H.',
lip. Lemonnier. Lu'i'", eyelid, Lr^ivHKV '.'-'1 '.'. Manning Mahssurow',
lip. Mentzeu .Moroan*. mouth. Nel'ma.\.s ', tongue. Puspelow", tongue,
"fauces. RicoRoi (cases lu epidemics). Rinkikk.k'. Risi '. Schirajkw',
tonsil. Snell'. eyelid. Stark, tonsil. Tlhistiakow', throat. Thu.ma-
KKKWSKV ', tonsil. WlLIiriAOEN ',
b. Children in/aleil by adults and by eat annlhir.
BoECK, W.', lip, " tongue. Boi.schwing' (father syphilitici, Bulkley
(mother syphilitic). Uamelssen", mouth. Diemer'. EsiiELsTLii'. Feilard',
anus, • (Gra.s-cher) cheek. Folrmer", tongue, "(statistics in 43 cases: 19
from parents, B from nurses, 4 from attendants, 2 from ijiher children).
FRIEDLANOEa '", lip "i ". ". Garsiin (fouf children infected by parents).
GONTZ".". HAUNER'. He.SR'1T. Hji^RT" H.ILM. KAVERIN '.'. KrtkNER".
Kkowczvnski '. LuzlNaKY 't'.^','.". MEnard*. MciokfJ. Pah., lip. Pel-
UIZAR.1, C. Peterson '. Popoff'. Rollet^, lip. Rosen von Rusensteln ', '.
Rupp '. ScARENHo','. ', Secmevro.s* '. SiiRiirs', eyelid, ^chefk. Tricis-
TiAKOw', forehead. Trousseau'. VerS-Delislk, anus. Wallale'. Wal.-
SYPfl/LIS WSONTJUM
III, SYPHILIS TECHNICA.
This section, relating to the acquiring ot syphilis in connection with body-
service, has three great divisions; A. Where the operator becomes the victim
of sj-philitic inoculation; B. Where the operator, beiug syphilitic, conveys his
own diseasi- to others, in body-service; and C. Where the operator, or his
instruments, ser\'es as the medium of syphilitic inoculation, from one patient
to another.
A. Operator the victim : i. From unnecessary exposure; 2. From neces-
sary exposure.
operations; b. In making post-n
o. Oferativt, rKlivid in cnurse ef surgical optraHons.
Abernethv', finger. Auspitx {Zeissl, H.f), self, finger. Brush, thumb.
BuLKLEV. BuMSTEAu', finger. Cavazzani', linger. Cazesave'. Coote'.*,
self, finger, Df.lpeche' (Lawrence '), finger. Galvin, finger. Habdie, finger.
LvusTON'. finger (case ot Dr. Nott). Otjs', finger. Pellizzari, C.«>, finger.
ScARENzio', self. ScHNiTZLEB, finger. WiLKB, finger. Williams, A., finger
(operation of fistula in a horse ? ).
b. Cadaveric, from festmortem examinaliona.
HuiRUAN'N {Lagneai:, G.», Cazenave, Vidal-de-Cassis). Howard, hand,
MoKGAGNi. Paulinc (pulvcriicd bone). Rvmi-I''' (Vogel). SOmmeki.ng. Swe-
a. Infection from necf.ssarv pro k ess ion a i. e.xposuke; a. Manual infection;
t. Cephalic infection.
a. )l«Di>I (dlilt^) InfMtloi
a. Surgeons; 6. Accouchuurs ;
a. In/cciion /•/ mrgeoni, in nianipuliitivt practdura.
Akthib', finger. AiiiMJNEiH", finger. Bell, B.>. Bloom", finger. 'thumb.
Bkanuis. finger. Bkuiuk', finger. Bii.klev. Bl■KET^ back (auto-inoculated
by finger). Cairns, finger. Cihirchili., thumb. Coesjeld, finger. Cooper,
S., finger. Gascoven, thumb. Gi.oiiklli, finger. Gboss'. GCntji'. Holt-
Hoi'SF., finger. Jii t,l^.^ ", finger. JrM(i\' (Poi'rmer), hand. LAWREvrE*,
thumb. Li.K, H. ','"-', finger, Masiin^, finger, Mokgan', finger. Okv\
finger. Otis 1, '. finger. Paget, J.', finger". Pancrmiis", finger. Peluz-
zARi, C". PoRAV-KustHii;!", thumb, *hand. Rccurd", finger. Rosenthal'
(Lkwin), hand. Rimif', hand (Pikrsi>n). SioMfM)', finger. Stus', finger.
SwEriiAiK', SvMOM.s, finger. T.\ii , finger. Taylor", finger. White, J.
C Zeissl, H.', arm,
ANoNVMuuii', finger". Atkinson', thumb, BARniNEi". ', Baver.
BEi.r, B,', Beknako, A,<, finger. Bilttb. Borgarutils, finger. BotiDiNCT,
finger, BorRGtors, Bwamiii:.i_v, finger, Bri>il"k', finger, 'finger, Cahpana*
Sy.VOPS/S OF FACTS AAD LITEHATUKE 229
(Mayer). Cazenave*. ' (BiettI. Clowes' (Lee, H,)"., Cohansen. Cohn.
Dawoskv ', finger. Denis-Dumont', finger. Devaux', finger. Encelsted",
finger. Fernelius', Gnger. Fucn3*. Galuuo'. Gallus (Lecoq). Gardane',
Glattek. arm, Goohei.i.'. finger*. GOntz'i ". Hamf.rton', palm of hand.
Hardv»{Orv)". HuTcmssos', thumb. Kousek". finger. Ktii'i', J. H.
Lawrence'. MiNKEvmii, finger. Neiimann', hand. Pai.pvn. Pellizkari.
C. = hand(of P. Peli.izzari). Peitman, finger. Pick', finger. Plitmekt",
tbamb. PuspEiAiw '. finger. Prutzek, finger, RrtDLiN. Saulsav, finger.
Schubert'. Sigmusd", finger. Simon '. Si!ciianek3, finger. Swediavk'.
Taylor «, finger. Wedekisu. Wenut ', finger. White, J. C. ', finger.
WoLFl' (Weicer), finger.
AsoKYMOo-s d, finger. BiiMSTEAD J. Fuirmkk (Lesage'). Hutchinson.
Neuuann^ finger. Tavlor ".
d. Inficiian of ailiudanls, ilitdints, etc.
\ hand. Diemer'. Kaposi', finger. Leloir',
looROLi, finger. Zecssl, H. •, finger.
b. Ccpkallc I n 1^1 Ion ; including i. Buccal; i. Facial.
I. Baee^ Infection ; a. By breast-drawing; *. Bj- wound-suclting; c. By
inflation of lungs of new-bom ; </. By applying tongue to eye.
a. In/iilien from irtasl-draining.
Alberti. Barry. Bicelow'.^, throat (Dlrkee'). Bilguer (Rosen von
Rosehstein). Bourooone I (Fovrnier). Canetta. Everardus. Hamertoh*,
lip. Heinecken. Hev. lip. Joi.v (Seutin). Lawrence*, lip. Leloir", lip'.
Lio. Loder*. Marune', lip and tongue, Ml^mnks. Ricorui '. Rl'pp',
fjmces. ViENNOis '.
I.. Inflation from ^oound-^uckiug.
Leloir.
c. lnfntwnfr.,.„i„JlaU"Sl<->S^"f'"'"--b^'n-
WjCGLEbWORTII ', tonsil.
d. Jnjetttoii from applying loiigui to tye.
(In many of the instances quoted on page 231, the operator had first
acquired chancre of the tongue in the practice referred to).
a. Facial infection; a. By own fingers; /'. By direct contact; t. By aerial
tnuutnission.
a. Ju/eclio,, by .'wn fingtrs, elc.
ANONVMOitsg, eyelid. Binet '. cornea. Buickf.ron*. eyelid. Buret',
eyelid. Campart', eyelid. Del Monte '■', eyelid (Sbordone). Uesmarres',
eyelid. Dietlen, eyelid (Michel). Esus- (amniotic fluid). IIaruV, eyelid,
nostril, lip. Hutchinson, lip (inoculation of a scratch). Meighan', eyelid.
Mason, lip. Rasori*. nostril. Ricokii', cheek. Stanley, hp. Tak.nowskv'
(amniotic fluid). Vvedenskv », temple. Watsos, S.'. nostril.
SYPH/LJS IXSONTIUM
•Wendt', cheek.
r. Inficthn by BiriaHransmission
Alexasher', eyelid. Desmarres > (Mii
eyelid. Hahiiv', eyelid. Leloib", face.
B. Operator the syphilifer; i. lufcct
by iDstrumental contact.
MENTs: including, o. Digital cont;
\. laflNtian br dlglul coRlact:
(i. Infecting finger soiled by suliv
a. Infecting finger seat of a syphilitic i
tions; 2. Ob^Ietrical mani]nilatioiis.
I. Infctlteit hy chirurgieal manipttloti.
eughing in ike/ace, et
F.L'), eyelid. Fovr;
i. Buccal contact.
Infecting finger s
, Vagim
Cosrf^ (in
rhoids).
crli,,). r
Hi-
for hemor-
2. Jn/eclwii I'yoislelrieal mampulalifns; a. Jlothcr infected; i*. Infant infected.
a. AUl/icr iu/ictcJ by iiiipucHciir's ham/s.
ANONYMOVS". DaWIISKv'. FOVRNIF.R"- ". HUTCHIVSON". Leloir.".
MavmiacI'.
(See also Epidemics, Accouchraent).
/'. Xcw-biirii infccliJ hy accoucheur's Hands.
Barixnei' (Some of the cliildren showed 5\-pliihs before their mothers,
in the epidemic of Bnve).
b. Infecting finger soiled with salii/a of operator.
E (Bariiinf.t'j (A midwife infects a number of children by apply-
r finger as a hientostalic to the stump of the divided cord),
if. Medical and turgical'i«/ttlian.
ANONVMfpTSP (CLfisscis') |a wiiman who was a sort of lay practitioner
infects a patient in ■'raising the uvula" which had probably been "swallowed."
HkucrK', nose (application of .saliva t[i an erysipelas). Krelling", nose
[application iif saliva to heal an erysipelas).
.. lafrctlon III bnc
. With a wound; n. Without an open wound.
SYNOPSIS OF FACTS AND UTERATL'RE ajt
a. In/tition by woutiii-iHciiilg.
Anderson, cheek, Fulbmek (Jumon'), talE of leg. Hill', cheek.
HxiGUAN ', eyelid. Robbins ', hand. Van Harlingbn ", eyelid.
i. Infictieu in cirtumcition.
ALHEKS'. BiERKOWSKI. JaFf6, KEtJETOFF. KOSINSKC. LlIBELSKL,
MaITLAKOWSKI. MuLTANOWSKl. Nl'WAKOWSKI. RoBBlNS '. Ri:ST. SoLOMON
(in Hamburgh). Taylor '. Wehut ■.
(See last section, and also Epidemics.)
a. Inftction viithout on eptn wound; a. In breast-drawing; b. In remov-
ing foreign particles from the eye. by the tongue.
a. Inftction by hreasl-drawing.
AlBEETI. BaRRV. BlLGUER (RoSEN VON ROSENSTEIN). BLOCK. BOURGOGNE'
(FouRNiER). Canetta. Everaruus. Gaillbton (Boussel). Heinecken. Hev.
JoLV. Kvll. Lanioni. Leloir'. Leo. Loder*. Mlnninks. Parker'.
RiCOKD". RlCOHDI'. RoLLET*. SVDOW. TaVLOK I'. WlNSLOW.
b. Inftclien by apfUcaUon a/ tongue to the eye, to rimave fortiga iediei, etc,
Andrews, eyelid. Bl:ih, eyelid. Edes, eyelid. GALEiowsKi', eyelid.
C Lavekc;ne and Perui.n), eyelid. Lee, C. fi.. eyelid. Montgomehv, conjunc-
tiva. MuRiiN, eyelid (to cure stye). Pospelow", eyelid. Szokai.ski, con-
junctiva. Tepliasciun (LA^
t. Infection bv instrumental contact (In.itruments soiled with operator's
saliva), a. By tattooing needle; b. By cupping instruments.
a. In/tftwH by tattooing; needli or pigment moistened laith infectid saliva.
Artki'r' (Wilcox). Bahker, F. R. Cakletos. Hihn. JnsiAS.
Leckie and Carliun. Maury and Dulles. Mokfet '.'.». Ptikv. Postkk. R.
Robert. Robinson. F. Kullet. Stirling'. Tardieu. Trotter.
ViBNNois'. Whiteheaii.
/'. Infection by cupping.
In aeveralof the Finnish epidemics it is stated that the cupper (a woman)
was syphilitic — once at lea.st that the disease wa.s professionally received— and
that the transmis.sion was by means of sahvaon the finger, used each time to
clean the cup, etc.. before using.
Hahdh, J. O. HJLLT>.»i\ RRSHF.TNiKnrK, nccli. Smor.
c. Operator the medium; i. By transplantation and inoculation; :;. By
unclean instruments; 3. By unclean substances.
stances; 2. Of liquid substances.
I. lafKtlM kT tnufUBUtlaa of (alld ■ubotairti; a. Of teeth; b. Skill grafting.
a. Infection I'y fansplantatwa of teeth.
Hamilton'. (Lettsom'). Hintkr'. KnrN (I-kttsom'). Lktiso.m'.
WaTSOS, W. (Hi'NTER, Swhl.lAfK)-
Besides the above, Frank, J., Mkkkki ,and others less known, wrote on tho
subject
SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
DeL'bfl (Fereol).
i. lifeedon bj Inornlitlon or liquid mliitaiKIH : a. Vaccination ; i. VariolatiOD ;
c. Syphili nation.
Adelasio '. Amoboso. AuxiAs-TuHENNE '■ '. '. Bardinkt ' (Depaul).
BoHN. BoLttiAis. Caillakd. Cartek, R. B. Ceccaldi. Ceriou '. Ckas-
SAIGNAC. Ckeadle '. CLEMENT (in frani/urf). Cohv (Hutchinson ").
CosTft (in Paris). CRAWFORD. Creigkton. Demal'x (Lardvenne '). Depaul
■i >. • (ZaLLONIS "), (ViCHERAT '). DeVEHCIE. DrVSDAI.E '. EuLENBERC '• '. FeU-
LARD '. Foster '. Folrmeb ". ='. ». «. ="1 ". ". FrA.vkel. Fr£zouu Fried-
LANDER"(?). Gautier. Gu£vin '. Haui-f. Haydon. Hebard I. Heevieux
(?). Herzenstein *. (Ti;horznic,-ki. Tchistiakopf, Vukoloff). Houchtok.
Hutchinson. J.*.", i". "(Tav), »■ ". ". ". KOuser", ". Korver. Lang».
Lancenbeck, B. von. Lanoi.v'. Laucier. Lecoq I (Guvenot). Lee, H.*.
LErrMANN. Lever. Lodge (?). Lotz. Mason". Mipdleton'. Monki.i.
Moras (Bouvier '). Moselev. Navler '. '. Oluer (Bol'illv '). Orlamiinl
Parola. Passanl. Pellizzari, C". Perrin ' (Zlrtaga). Pitton. Pol-
lock. PopoFF •- PoRAv-Koscuriz "• ". Pol'meav-Delille. Prettvman.
RLCORD". RlCORDI^ RiNECKER". RoBF.RT, M.^. RoBERT, P. RoBISSON,
E. (f). Rodet'. Rosenikal '. Salsotto'. Scoit (Pirdon). Sebastiam
(Blot). Smith, T. Solomon, J. V.> Startin', ' (Navler). Trousseau'
CSiSTACH). Vanmerris. Vianl Vidal(OrvI). Whitehead (in il/an<--f«fer).
(Sec also Epidemics, 7 vaccination, p. 210).
h. ItiftiliBn iy iiiKulation e/vartalus pus.
(Introduced into Europe in 1711. it is said by Depai'l to have been
accused of transmitting sypiiilis— no references nor cases given).
C Infection ftem tie sir-caliid syphiUzatioH,
(In performing auto-inoculation for the purpose of so-called syphilization,
as a cure, it has occurred that patients who previously had only chancroids
became inoculated with syphili.s).
Lee, H.'si-'pAMELSsEN).
AVound accidental; a. Wound
. Infection bf accidental woundi with sharp instruments ; a. By dental 11
s; d. By ruior wounds.
, gum. Otis', angle of
SyA'OPS/S OF FACTS AND LITERATURE
Agasakofp. Allen', cheek. Anosvmui;s>'. Aubert^ chin. Bovbro.
Broick '<, chin. BaorssE. Bl-lkley. Cakbe (Maktin '). Cke.minaue ', neck.
Choclow', cheek. Chudnoski", chin. Cripi-s', chin. Deli-eche', chin.
Despres (CociiEz), chin. Fedchenko', t-hin. Ff.ibes, cheek. Fleischer, chiu.
FovKNiER". chin (Dlhrelii.ii in Paris, Zwetiich, Morei-Lavai.lEe'). Gio-
VAfiMM', cheek. GlPck* (naso-labial fold). Gcjldesmkr'j-', cheek. Henrv',
lip. luELso.-s, chin. Koltschewski, chin. Ladroire-Vver, cheek. Mauriac',
lip, cheek. Morel-Lav all6b', cheek. Morrow', chin. Neuma-nn", chin.
NiKOLSKi, D. P.I, angle of jaw. Oestreicher. cheek. Pellizzakc. C, (in-
clined to accuse lather brushl Pennv', lip. Rouuins^ Tarnowskv', chin,
Taylor", chia*>. Tceiudnowskv, chin. Tzitkin. Vallauri. Van Har-
UNGEN', face, Vchuieb', thin. WiNmiErsER, chin.
2. Mectian bf inttnb'onal wounds ; a. In phlebotomy; i. In minor surgery;
t. In wet cupping; i/. In leech bites; e. In tattooing {needles infected from
previous subject); /. In vaccination wound (siiiled instruments).
a. Infection
Bell, B.' Bonorden. Dagl'ehre
h. Infection in tcarificatiim
Bassereau' (Juj
Lehe.vwald, Ricord'
■r opcrationi.
Behresh". Diemer*. Focrmer". Fritze. Ho-
KOhner"', axilla (cutting furuncle), "fwrotum (scarifying),
Lang", forehead (opening furuncle). Maes, eyelid (incision of stye). Robin-
Bon ', penis (phymosis operation |. SI'erimi '. SwEDiAiiR'.
. Infect
iHppin.
COBNARIUS,
DANt;s.
Me^
; (La(
POLIAI
I Icrck ill
J. Inffcti
ANOKVM0t;s >*. Stejnback, temple.
*. In/eetien in laltoohig (needles infected from ]ii
POIHtOUX(GEIGEL').
/ Infection in vaccination -om,nJ (soiled
BoNNieRE. BOUBHOS {OllV'l. JtNKIS-. Loi
b. iBfwtloB bj blint ln>l
Bounds, catheters and spcct
Tongue spatulas; r. Syringes
iistat-hian catheters; b. Probes,
-tines, porte-causliques, etc. ; d.
234 SYPHILIS INSQNTIUM
a. In/eelioH by Emtackiansounds and catheters.
Bblhomme and Martin '. Blauchet. BousyuET, BBouAKDEL',«{Bucquov',
CuLLERiER). BucQUoV (Dasvon. Cullehier). Bl-row. Cohen. Cou-
T ACNE, tonsils. CoizoLiso*, nose. Didav'. FoiirniE, pharynic. Pourpoer',
tonsil". '".'S. »1. ". GOSSEUN^ (JuLLIEN'). GvIH-ER* (SolrCHER)," (RiCOBD).
Harijv'p tonsil. HiLi.AiRET'. "i '. Laboulbene'. Laii.ler', nostril and
throat. Lancereai^xi^ (BESAsgoN'). Le Gendre', tonsil. Lortet. Moure*
(Dli'ond'). MOllek. Pujol. Raynaud (Lancereaux'). Secheyron" (7),
Seweki, tonsiL Solis-Cohen. Tardieu' (Ricord). Vadja', Vigla.
Zecssl, H.', fauces. Zewecke, tonsil.
b. InftcShn by probes, sounds, cathitrrs and specula.
Tardieu ' (vaginal speculum).
c. Jn/ce/icn by sims-fints, porte-cansliqucs, lie.
Dei. Gheco (Pellizzarf, C.*), leg (from brush electrode). Foubnier (Tar-
oiKu ') (serres-fines). Leluir ", finger (porte-caustique). Taylor*, (caustic
holder).
d. InftcliOH by tongut sptilu/as, laryngoscopes, etc.
JuMON ' (tongue spatula, physician infected himself), (FoifRNlER).
Taylor »■ (tongue scraper).
,-. In/eclcd by ,yri„s'J {vaginal).
bandages, lint. etc.
1. Imhctlan bj ilrai in siiprmian ; n. Ill wash-water; b. Local thera,peatic&,
a. /•i/e.-tion by saasA-water.
MoTY, c)-i;lid. Nkuiiann ", ala nasi.
b. Iiiftetion In eoniucthn with local theraptuiics.
C.*stei. i>u ', arms (in treatment for scabies). Fournier", penis (scratch-
ing in scabies)," (Fellahii)', arm (treatment for scabies). Lailleh', peitiiiaud
scrotum (treatment for scabies). Pi iLi.AF.sik (after scabies). Prdeeta', between
fingers (ia scabies). Runa ', forehead (in eczema; hospital infection).
■ndiigM, lint, piBBtsr, ate. ; a. Ill surgical dressings;
ini:iiiNso\, J. Jk.', occiput, 'heel. Sigmund', neck
SY/^OPSIS OF FACTS AND LITERA TURE
i. IttftctioH through lirU, tic, in eanittcihtt vtitk tircumeisioH (many
cases are inserted bere).
BiETT' (Aliiebsi). Bbeckeb (]\vtl). Fischer (JaffS). G
Jaff£. Kaposi'. Kesslek. Klein'. Kotzvn. Lew
ObAUNSKI Q/iFft). PoEAY-KoSCillTZ'. RoLLET (s
presence of circumcision syphilis in tile Mahometan races of North Afncuj
SkgelUaff^)- Si-'NSiNo. Tayluk'. Vaniek,
(See also Epidemics, 6 drcumcision, p. no).
Note; As there are names in literature wliose cases cannot bo discovered,
so there are vague references to places, the seat of epidemics tor whom no
authors can be found. Jakf6 speaki, of cases at ?ilna, Warsaw, and Lemberg,
soon after the episodes of Rlst an<i We.mit. L-KiTSfAN (1883] of one recently
present at Neisse, in Silesia, and one in the suburbs of Paris in 1367.
SUPPLEMENTARY INDEX.
Reported cases (not included in preceding) where location is stated, but
>t the mode of infection ; also statistical reports.
Arcari^ Cahv (Foi'rnier). del CiiiArpA' (multiple). Dubreuiui ia
, Bordeaux (Bkacqlekave) (multiple). UuPoNr. Kilia.n ' (multiple). Lalub-
MAND^ Pacchiotti* (multiple). Stourme. Tjimv' (Spaai.k).
GlOck '. Kaposi '. Lloyd J,
F^rch^aJ.
Paliako. Pally'. Porav-Kosckh?". Ricord*, Trivet (Fourniek).
Eyelid anif Cenjunctiva.
AnAMS, J. E. (Ai.exasuer). Aelt (Wiethe'). Astri;c'. Ai'Bert'
(Stohrme). Badal'.'. BAKiiir.LKMY' (1'i'">"<ihr). Baiidon. Ber.sari.. E.
BrINCIIEN. BbolQ I (PaRINAI li'J, (BksNIEK). BROICK'(KKELLlNr; I). BuLKLEV'h.
BULU BUMSTEAU'. C.VMI'.VK J '■ ^ '. CAirELQ. ClAEVS. ClBMVAJ- CluSA.
Cooper, J. F, Critciieti. Cillerieu, A.".' (Mackenzie, W.'). Cunier^,
Dabdel (Clesc). Delapersonne' (BakthSle-Mv'). Demets. Desharkks^.
Despacnet'. De ViscESTiis (Profeta). Diso.s. Doe(DeBeck). Dluhehil.
Dulles'. FANo'(ToticHALEAL'ME). Fenwu.'K (Clise). Fernandez, Fienzal.
FlTZCKSALD. FONSECA. FoRTlTNlAt>ES. GaLEZOWSKI", *. GaV, A. H.'.
GlOVANNlNI'. GoLDENBERG^ GoSSELIN' (GLICiNAmi»). GrSFE. CiRANliMi INO.
Gratia'. Griffith. Guslek ' iRuomi i>). Hairion (Cl-sier'). Hulk
2ib SYl'ltJUS INS0NTJUM
(BoKCK). Hul.MKS 'i '. HORAND (JULLlEs). HoRTELOUP, P.", HuGUIER '.
HiTCHiNsoN. J.". '^ JuLEk (De Bf.ck % Knapf. Laskiewiez. Lavekgkk
and Pekkln \ Lawrence'. Law&un. Leuer (Dk Beck). Lesser* (Krbl-
LINUl). LlPP', LoRING I (StURGIS'J. LuBmSKV '■ ', MACKENZIE, W,'
(MicKEi.*). Mason* {Lee. H.)- Mastlv. Maukiac ", Michel" (Ricorb).
MiTTAScH. MovRA. NAgei. (DeBeck). N£latun (Larovense'). Nettlk-
sHip'. Neumann". Neves-ba-Rocha. Noves. Ottava. Panas (Delaper-
r^osNE 1, V- Pfiviier '■ '. PospELow ". Raneiall (De Beck), RrcoRti*. '^ *
RiNU. Robert, M.'. Roli.f.t ". Rona *. Sabolotsky. St. Martim.
Seelev (DeBeck). Seriiukovi. Smith, W. P. STREATFiEi-r> '■ • (De Beck).
Thirv'. Ussas>. Valentine. Viguier". Watson, S.*. Weckeh ' (Michel').
Wherrv. Wiethe ' (wound in dance). Wolfe. Zeissl, H.'.
ATKIN.SON'. BAHTHeLEMV^(Zv
VF-TiTni^), Bi:i.Ki.F-v«. Cabamitti'. CLew-
Y.sr\n Lyons. Dt; Amicis'. DCri?
■g'. Faheiuls. Fedchenko^, Fot-RNIER".
Kbieolander". Gay, a. H.\ Giovannini'. Gollii. Guig.nard' (Vincente).
HUTCHISSIIN, J.". Kai'osi'. Lepi
novosT (Hortelcjup). LoRiNO* (Stubcis').
Marey (Fouhnikr). Marianelu I,
MiTCHELu Monnet'. Paulv'.', Poo«e.
RoLLKT". RoUSSEL' fAvBERT'
|. ShiEiLii'. Stukowenkow'. Treves
(Wurrs, J. W.).
' (RicoRiO- Bierchek' (RnsEN v. RosEN-
AuBERT' (STOL'RHE). BAl'MftS
STEIN). Blett" (Martins. RjcoRii).
BiRi>». Bonnet (RoLLET "). Boulanqiek.
li(LKLEV«. CARAMITTII. Cui.rE
r'. Cutter. Fovbnier". Froelich'.
(JaV, a. H.' GfiMV'. GlBIEK-
DE-SaVFGNY. GOSSEU.N' (Ditlac). GufiviN.
JLLLIEN" (HlLLAlRET). '" (LAILLEK).
Lai'rent. MAcCAkTHV. Morel-Lavall£e»
(Foikmeb). Morrow. Moitre*.
Nettleship I. Neumann ". Pokcet '.
u and Nicolle', also temple. Rvan, C. S.'(Bird', Snow-
Lit.
AuAMs, J.". Allen 't 'i ^ ANONVMnrsf. 1^. Aubert ' (Stoiirme),
iRDvMi". Baum^ '. Bavle. Besmer'. 'Ii. 'c (Horteloup)'. Birrches*
<1SES V. ROSENSTEIN). BjORKEN'. BLAIR*. BlaNcI. BluOV*. BlOXAM.
lEtK, W.". Boi'Rcv (Mauri.vc), Bovs-DE-LoiiRV anil Casthilkes. Broca
OL-R.MEK). BrOILK'. ". BHYAM 'i '. ». BuLKLEV V BuRET' (SoLES Y
■siALLA). Bu-jtK.sEii. Calvii. Caramitti. Cavi.a. Cazenave ' (Biett).
•;kak. C£nas> (Stourme), Ciiaktiek. Chauvet (Ballet). del Chi-
PA'.'. Chiakji. Clakkk, B. Cooke' (Mason). Coote' Corcelet
tlllAV). CoRUIKtt (StuL-RME). Cc.I PEK. CliLLERIEK, A.". Cl,!MER '.
emange. Dickinson. Diiiav\" (Uubcelet) 'i ', (BiiiiET)". Dolbeau.
Sy.VOP.i/.-i OF FACTS AND UTERATUkE 237
Dl-bois,H. Dtrnots.P. DCrini;'. Faw)'. Pabi.ow. Finger ' (Zf-issi., H.'").
Fisher. Poubnier'i*. '!.".«.". Pox, G, H.>. Froelich". ^ Gamberini*.
Garskau. Gavdichier. Gav, a. H.'. G£mv. Gilbekt'. Giovannim ', Gv£-
VIH*. GutBOUl' (ZWETITCH '). GuIKAND'.'. GONTI'. "1 ", GUTTCEIT. HaRIIV'
(ORV")- HaRSANT. Henry'. HkURTAUX. HEVLEN-DE-HERENTIlACi. HllLKR.
HuTCHiNso.N "■ "1 ". Kaposi ". KhrtOm '. Laiib^ (Orv "). Lackohe. Lanu^ V
Langlebert'. Lefort (Juu.ien), Leonard. Lesser*. Lewin^ "■ ".
Lewv and Goldberg i- '.',*. '". Lindstrom'. Linowurm. Ltrp'. Lorut
(Fournier). Lucas. MacCarthv. McGi.'irf.. Marianelli \ Mas<jn ' (Wat-
son, S.!). Mau^'dek '. Mauriac ■• >. Massarosh. Mikulicz and Michelson.
MiLLAKP' (Bupor). Moffat. Mhnsrt'. Moorf.', Morei.-Lavali.6e' (Four.
NIEr). MoRO/OFF. MORPIAN. NaSSANS (FoUKNIER;. NaSSE' (Rl'THENBrRG),
Neumann'. "■ "1 and nose". Nunn'. Orv ' (Besnier)" (Laii.lf.r). Owen.
Pajet, J.'. pANCRiTius". Pai'i.v'. Prlli/zari, C". Pf-luz^ari, p.'.
Perrovu'. ', Petersen •. Pick'. Piogev (Arsal). Pllvert'. Poissos'.
POKAY-KoSCIilTZ'i "1 ". ". "• »■. POSPELOW'. PoBSEl.T (W ALTER*). PrOTO-
popoFF. Proust <C HA [VET). Quain, Qi'iNijuArnandNicoLLE'. Rahinovitch.
Ravocli and RasorM. Reoner. Regobv' (Martineau). Reichebacii'.
RicoRD"*, ". RizAT'. Rodet ■ (UiDAv). RoussEL=. Rumpf'. '. Sahda
(CHRESTIEN'). SeRDUKOV*. ShERWELL'. SJOMIJSd".') ». ". SOLER'. SuM-
T{CHiARt'), Speranskv'. Stasch. SriRi.iNG', Stravss. Sturgis'.
TcHAGlN'i*. TCHISTIAKOW". ". '?. ". ". ToL'JAN '. ToURNER.
Trevisanello'. Turner. Vadja '. Van Haklinuen'. Vicujer V. Ville-
KEUVE. ■Wallf.r'". Wii.ohaueni. WoiLLEz' (Orv). Zeissl, H.>, h,
ZELENEFt- '.
Chin.
Aucacneur' (SrouBME). Barduzzi '. Bavm'. Beykan. Bulklev'k.
DEL Chiappa'. Cooper, A.'. DeAmfcis', also nipple, Fournier". Gam-
herim'. Gav, A. H,>. Giovankini'. LAi)KiEr*ijK-LArKARRiCKE. MacCartiiv.
Marianelli^ Mauriac'i ■". Mra^ek". Orv ' (Bessier). Pei.lizzari, C". "•,
Plumert'. QuiNcjuAvr.'. Recobv ' (Tillaux). Rizati. Taylor i'. Tk£lat.
Zeissl, H.'. Zwetitcji • (FoirRMER).
Kctt.
Febchenko
Gendrb I" (Fi
Aubert' (STonME). Bei,ol'soW'\"i '''. Besnier'. Cavazzam '. Cl L-
LSRIER. M.^'. DaNIEI^SBN'. DUFIIVR (FoliRNIBE). FilURNlER", ". GaY.A.IU
Kriskaber. Lagneav, L. V. Lewv and Gui.ihieri;'. Moure' (Dui'onii).
Oesterlen. Orv" (Viu.vl), Poray.Kijsliiitz^.".'"'. Pospelow -. i*. Spt-
Belousow'.S ". Ct
GuiBouT'. Jakoi.eff^
Shulu'. Van Harlim^i
SYPHILIS mSONTIUM
Fox, G, H.'. GiLLEEEBT. Kinsman. Mac-
f— hard ^„d soft.
RT' (STOURME).
TomU.
Allen*. Anger, B. fMoKEL-LAVALLEB '), (Le Gendre"). Anger, Th, (Le
Gendre', Beocij'). BeLoitsdw ". Boeck. C. 'I'li". Borovskv'. '. Broick".
Bulklev"!. Bumsteaii' {K.\u;hiO- Colommint. Coruiek (Stourmk). Cul-
LEMER, A.> <Le Gkkdrk). DeMkric. Diuav'.". Donaldson. Duguet <Le
Geni>ke', Lannois). DCring=, Favieb. Foster' {^os., G. H.«). Fournieb«
(GuiCNARt)'). GaUOL-CHEAU. GaV, a. H.I. GiBERT* tPUTEGNAT), GlLLES-DE-
LA-TouRETiE and HuiiELCi. Glauekt. Goodell', Gl'ibovt^ (Le Gendre'').
HA,Ll»D..-). HlTCH,»!0,.J.». Is.U, (MAt.f). J»1»S«,H». JaKINOVIICH.
Labollb£ne'{LeGendre'). Le Gendiie-'<Merklen>'. '"i "(Fournier, Hulot)'*
(Mavriac, Rizat). Letnzk. Lewv and Goldberg'. ". Linosthom'. Malm','.
Martel (Le Gendre'J, Martei.li£rf. '.'. Makriac*. Mol£.nes. Neumann",".
Oh.mann-Dumesnil'. P6an(Hie, LkGendre"). Pellizzasi P,'. Petersen'.
PlRANORAN. PoLOTEBNOFK". PoKAV-KllSnilTZ ". Qui.NIJllAUD and NlCOlXE*.
RAWTiUH. Razumoki-'. Revnier (Sari)on). Rizat'. Rona'. Sch[rajkw'.
SeLENEW'. StURGIs". SzADEK I. *, ^ », 'i ». TaVLOR ". 1». ". TcHlSTlAKOW'.*i •
<Lewy), Thiry*. TuoMASt:HEWSi;v'. Trevisanello '. Tub. Ussas", Vig-
UIER '. YaKIMOVITCH. ZtLENEFt"".
To„su..
. CUOI'ER, A.^ Foi'RNlER", GRONFKLD*.
RTELOir, P.). Kaposi'. Ken.nv, Kolo-
Maorin (Vidal), Mra^ek'. Musset,
Qi'istjuAru and Nicolle*. Tchis-
Blair*. Bulklev^. BtZE
HUTCHINS,.N, J.M«. Ji:LUEN«
ME.VSKV. MArCAKTIIV. MaUKI
Pajf.t, J.I. PosrELow'. Ql-i
Zeissl, H.«.
Thirv*. Tillaux (Rizat). Viual, E.i.', Viquier", ■Weinbero*.
II. ^ GOLDENBERC'.
" (TuouasEAL'). Tar-
p.'.
SYNOPSIS OF FACTS AND LITtlRATURE 2;
Lewin". MacCarthv. McGuiRE. Mai!Ndek'. Maircal-". Mra(;ek '.
Neitmann*". Okmann-Dl-mesnii,-'. Pajkt '. PANCRiTrus ', Pel
PospELow'. * Price, J. H.' (Sims). RAVfitiu ', » Rimsu'. Rizat"
RVSSELL. C. P. SlOMUNtl'^ SlRSKl. SoLOVIOFF. STEVBNS. SyMOSDS
Taylor '". Thomaschewskv '. Tkevisanello •. Viguieu ". Zwetitch
(Mavruc).
Trunk {in gemral).
BeSN-IER >. BOGOSLOVSKY.
BlLKI.EV'n'. F0LRN1ER>". GaY. A. H.>.
Gjwanmm'. Mason'. Mauk
lAC". Moore'. Mka^ek'. RicoruI'.
TCHISTIAKOW ".
Brian and mppU.
Bloom'. Bulkley'^. Cla
IDE. Cooper, A.'. De Amicis', also chin.
DeSMET'. DlMEY. DCHING'.
FoLRNiER^'. Gav, a. H.>. Lewy and
Goldberg^. ». M.uiianelli '.
Morel-LavallEe'. Pellizzari, C*.
Profeta*. QriNQUAUD and Ncc
5ILE". Taylor".
Gay, a. H.> Gic
Per kin). Mason '.
VlGUIER ".
'(Dkon). Vu:uiei
BuUecks.
u-u\ Mn.,5EK».
Leg and lliigh.
'. Klotz. Lki.01
Slalislicai Reports.
AbELIN. ANONYMOItsn. q, r, ArlARI '. .ARTJI^R '. B.tHESSrEtNG ".
Barnes. Baesereau. Belois.™ '.'.'. Berch '. BKiMKK'i'. Bii>l-:ni;ai' '. '.
BOECK, C. BOECK, W.l". BlWOLUDOW'. BoiIN. BUN.SAKIC (CaRHIERE).
Breda ', '. Bureau. Caldercni. Clerc ', *. ^. Cripps '. Dessos'. Diday
*. I'. DiEMERl. DlMEY. DrON», 1. El.TZLNA '. ENGEI.STF.D ". EvME.NIEFF.
Feulard 'i '. FouRNiKR'r •■ ', *, "1. ". ". Groedincer (Petkhsen). Herzen-
BTKIN'. HULOT (FOURMEH). JaROTSKY >. JeUINA". KlINK. KoPP, C.I.
Lang*. Lavergne and Perrin'. Luzlnsky'. Mackenzie, M. Manas-sw.
Martin ■ (Burlet). Mahtineau' (BiNErt Des Molines). Mjuneco. Mik-
HAILOFT' 'i *. ', Morel-Lav AI-I-6R ■'' (Fovr>[er). Nckolskv', D. P. Nikolsky.
V. j. NiVET '. '. (Fourmeki, Nooet. Ostrol'mokf''> l>i i^, d. c. r, Pavlov
•• ■• ^ *. Pellizzaki, C". Peter ' (Lassar). Petersen ', Popofe '. '■ ^ *. ^.
a40 SYPHIUS JNSONTWM
PosPELoW. Protzek. Puche' (FouBNiEs). Rassler'. Raeuhoff'. Ricord'.
Robert, M.'. Roka'. Roster'. Roussel'. Sabinin. Salsotto'. Schk-
BEST". SiCMl'ND'. ". >». SpERANSKY '. °. SpERCK. SsABTNIN. StOIIHMK.
SucHANBX'. Tchistukow ', Thomaschewskv '. Van Dvoteren and Van
Walseh'. Veslin'. Wirpscua.
Inftttien per os.
BOGOLUBOW >. BoLSCIlWtNG*. BUOICK*. CoRDCER '. KoBNER *. LEWIK',
lip and throat'. Popopf*. Sajunin. Schubert ^ fauces. Ussas'. '. Wolf*.
Ceilus firtUmatltralis.
BuzENET', lip, 3 tongue. Descroiziu.es, anus. DOring\ anus. Fol'r-
nier*. Griffin', tonsil. Hartlev, rectum. Massei, tonsiL Peter', mouth.
Plumert', lip. Revnolus, tonsil. Solari, Eustachian tube. Waller', anus.
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOCRAPY
SYPHILIS INSONTIUM*
Case, chancre, inner angle of eye. from kiss (see Vicuiek').
Abelis, H. Stockhulm. Children's Hijspital and Poliklinlk.
Nord. med. Arlt., Bd. xi . 1879, No. i. {Viertelj. f. Denn, u. Syph., xiii.,
18S1, p. i;S).
Statistics, iSbS-iSyS, incomplete — 17 cases of acquired syphilis.
In Hospital, under 1 year, 2 cases acquired syphilis (112 congenital).
In Hospital, over 1 year, S cases acquired syphilis, {1 congenital).
At PoUklinik, with bone disease, 7 cases acquired syphilis (i; congenital).
Abemcthy, J. London. Surgeon to St. Bartholomew's; Tormerly assistant
" Surgical and Physiological Works," 6th ed., London, 1325.
1) Case, lactation sypSilis of VVai.mjs. of Stourport. (Vol. L, p. 1S8).
3) Case, linger iaoculation in a medical studenL (Vol. I., p. 194).
Acton, W. London. Islington Dispensary; a former assistant to RicuKti.
"A complete practical treatise on venereal disea,ses, etc." London, 1S41.
(Abstracted also la Behrend's Syphilidologie, Vol., III., i34i)'
i) Case of Ri(;oitl)'s, chancre at site of venesection, p. 227.
at Case of PucnE, infection from a prison-cot, p. aag.
3) Case of Hilda.vus, infection from wearing another's pantaloons.
Proceedings Westminster Med. Sue., Apr., 1B44. (Caienave's Annales des
mal. dc la peau, etc., t, ii., 1S4;, p. 9;).
4) Ca.se. syphilis in 8-year-old girl, probably contracted by innocent con-
tact in bed.
Lancet, London. Aug. 3, 1846, p. 127.
5) Case, nurse infected by syphilitic nursling.
Adama, J. London.
Observations oa Morbid Poisons, Chronic and Acute. 2d edit., London,
1807, p. 181.
1) Syphilis, Yaws, Sibbens, Elephantiasis, etc.
Lancet, Nov. 12, i5(>i, IL, p. 474; and Mason, q. v. obs. iv.
2) Case, chancre of the lip, mistaken for epithelioma.
242 SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
Adams, J. E. Loadon. Ophthalmologist to London Hospital.
"Trans, Ophthalmol, Soc. United Kingdom,"' 1883, Vol. III., p. 4. (Cited
by ALtKAMJER, " Syph. uiid Auge, ' Wiesbaden, 1888, p. sj).
Case, chancre of upper eyelid, source unknown.
Adelasio, G. I. Bergamo, Northern Italy. Vice-conaervator of Vaccine.
■■Relazione sopra casi di sifilide, letta al conaiglio provinciale di
aanila," Bergamo, 1S64, ("Syphilis Vaccinale," by Acad, de M6d.,
Paris, 1865).
i) Epidemic, Torre del Base, near Bergamo, 1862 ; five cases of
vaccino-syphilis, and 19 others in/ected |p. 303). (See Epidemics),
a) Three cases, two of vaccino-sypbilis, at Alme, near Bergamo (p. 308).
Admiralty Commission of the Army and Navy of Great Britain. Report on
Venereal Diseases. London, 1867.
(Tht; material and evidence collected in reference to syphilis insontium, is
presented In this Bibliography under the names ot those testifying).
Agasaroif, B. G.
l'i-oi,.L--,li:i,-- .,r the Caucasian Med. Soc. for 1S8S.
Ni.iiiL-i(.u~ L:y.es of eKtra-genital chancres from common use of handkerr
tliiul', sli.iviQy; by syphilitic barber, etc.
Agostiui, A. ^Milun.
" Stranguria qute venerea dicitur mercurii potest esse aliquid cfFectus."
Venetiis, 1753. (Giktanser. " Abhandl. iiber die veaer. Krank-
heit." Gtittingen, 1793, Vol. HI. Bibliography. No. 1239).
Case, infection in infancy from a wet-nurse.
Albers, J. F. H. Bonn. Assistant at the Medical Clinic of the University ;
formerly with B1EIT, HSp. St. Louis, Paris.
"Ueberdie Erkenntniss una Kur der svphilitisehen Hautkrankheiten."
Bonn, 1S33.
1) Case, of BrETT's, svphilis occurrirg from ritual circumcision (p. 17).
a) Case, lactation, infant with aci^uired syphilis infects mother (p. 17).
3) Four cases, nurses infected, without details (p. 17).
"Ueber (!ns Vorkonimen der Luslseuche in Ostpreuasen und Litthauen."
Med. Zi-it\' v.im Wrein f. Heilk. in Preussen. 1836, No, aa und as.*
4I 1H--1 : I- I --.■I 1 1 1;, id of Lithuania.
Albert:. M. H ' ■ ■ ,;. Professor of Medicine.
■■Sy.sun,. ■ ■ Mcdicie." Halffi. 1723-1747; alsowith J. HEirr-
II 111 I ■ \'\ <: :. ■■ ilu occuki morbifico et raorbifero," Ha(s, 1746,
(GiHi AWLK, Nils. ^41) and 993, and Rust, "Helkoiogie," Berlin, 1842,
p. 24(,).
Cases of infection by kissing : brief reference by Lancereal-x. "Treatise
on Syphilis," Vol. II., p. 23(1. Also breast- drawing. (See Epidemics).
Albinus, B. Frankfurt a. d. Oder. Professor of Medicine, ob. 1721.
(Cited by ObU'TL.v in Ci.ussii-s, "Ueber die Lustaeuche." ad od., Tiibin-
gen, I7(i9, pp. 4'. 42, note).
Case, infection of a chdd through wearing-appare!.
Alexander. Aachen. Eye Institute. Director.
"Syphilis und Auge, Wiesbaden, 18SS,
1) Case, chancre, inner angle of eye, from a kiss (p. 6).
2) Case, chancre of lower lid, in a physcian, from spraying a patient
wilh syphilitic ozccn a.
AIi«i. Luxcuil.
" Memoire sur une epidemie de pseudo-syphilis." Gai. med. de Paris,
|S44. (Rev, med. de Paris, Jan. 15. iSOs).
Epidemic near Luxeuil. 1840 and 1841, 80 infected (p. 154).
(Probably through vaccination). (See Epidemics).
Alison, R. H. Philadelphia. Infirmary for Nervous Diseases, services of Dr.
W El K-M IT en BLt .
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 34}
"Syphilitic Cho:ea." Amer. Joara. Mod. Sci., 1877, ii., jj. 75.
Case, g^rl of 7 years, infected as infant from mother's nipple.
Allen, C. W. New York, Surgeon to Charity Hospital.
Journ. Cutan. and Vener. Dis,, New York, 1885. p. 65.
t) Two cases, chancre of the lip, origin unknown.
s) Case, chancre of the cheek, in site ot a razor cut.
Joum. Cutan. and Vener. Dis., New York, 1888, p. 314.
3) Cose, chancre of upper lip, unmarried woman. 3B years old.
Joum. Cutan. and Vener. Dis., New York, iB9q, p. 147.
4) Case, Chancre of ring finger, man, 35 years old. I
New York Med. Record, Jan. 2, iSgi, pp. 7-8.
5) Case, chancre of lower lip, in ig-year-old girl, origin not stated.
6) Case, chancre of tonsil, in young married woman, origin not given.
Trans. N. Y. Derm. Soc. aiSth Meeting. Journ. of Cutan. and Genito- '
Urin. Dis.. Vol. XI., 1S93, p. 29.
7) Case, chancre behind the ear at border of hair, probably inoculated
by scratching with an infected finger.
Allingbam, W. H. Londou. Surgeon to SL Thomas' Hospital.
'■Communicability of Secondary Syphilis," Med. Times and. Gai., 1864, ii.,
P- 633-
Two cases of supposed infection by semen ; proof very defective.
Altonnyaa, A. A.
Journal of Cutaneous and Venereal Diseases. Vol, III., 1S85, p. fii.
An article on Aleppo button in which the author does not consider it
identical with syphilis.
Ambroioli, C. Milan. Surgeon to the Ospedale Maggiore, Venereal Division,
"Di una maniera non ancora descritte, etc.", and "Trammenti di clin.
SifiL" Giom. ital. di malattie veneree e d. pelle, 1B67.
i) Two cases, chancre of fauces, from cigar stumps (p. 259).
a) Case, lactation, nurse infected hy nursling, infects own infant (p. 35).
Amoroio, G. Naples. Docent in Medicine. Universiu-.
" Contributo alia trasmissione della sililide.'' IlMorgagni, Feb'y, 18S1.
Case of vaccino-syphilis (p. 91)).
Anderaon, W. London. St. Thomas' Hospital.
British Journal of Dermatology, Jan, iSSg. p. 73.
Case, chancre under right eye, from a friend, through wound -suet ion.
Andrews, J. A. New York. Charity Hospital. Surgeon.
Journal of Cutaneous and Venereal Diseases, New York, 1S91, p. 217.
Case, chancre of right lower eyelid, from attempt at removal of foreign
body by the tongue.
Andronico, C. Messina.
Archiv di patologia. inf., Napoli, 1886, iv.. p. 49.*
Acquired infantile syphilis.
Aocer, B. Paris, Surgeon to Hop, Lariboisitre.
Case, chancre of tonsil (see Mi)kel-Lavai.1-£k ' and Le Gendre").
Anger, Th. Paris. Surgeon to HGp. Cochin.
Case, chancre of tonsil (see Lk Genlihe' and Bkocij^).
) Noveau Traits des Maladies VenSriennes. Amstelod, 1751, Vol, I,.
p. 183.
a) Case, infection in mouth, in la-year-old girl, from kissing,
a) Fronep's Notiien, Weimar, June, 1829, No. 525.
i) Case, nurse infected by niirshngj infect-s a second nurse,
c) Case, chancre of fauces; a four months' old foundUng, infected byaia-
year-old girl by tasting the bottle (see RuTHeNBeHo. Ohs. x.and li.).
a») Edinb. Med. and Surg, joum., 1S37, p. i33{BEHBEwr>'3Syphilidologie,
1840, Vol. 2, p. 449).
t4 SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
Extract of an official report upon Radesyge and Syphilis by the physicians
in the Swedish hospitals.
3) Boston Med. and burg. Jour.. :859, Vol. 59, p. 36.
d) Case, chancre of middle finger, dentist from operation.
4) Westminster Hospital.
Lancet, London, i36o, I., p. 573.
*) Case, chancre of right middle finger, followed by buboes at the elbow
and axilla, papular eruption ; source unknown.
5) Rendiconto Setli mestre dei mal. ven., etc.— Dispen. di Lorenio in
Napoli— Giorn. ital. d. mal. ven., etc. Milan, 1S66, I., pt. ii.. p. oi-
f) Case, chancre on the right angle of the lip, in a child of 4 years.
6) Revista Med. Quirarg. de Mexico, 1883, I. (Prensa Naeional, Review
o£ Native Worlis, Seical), Nos. u-14.
g) Case, chancre of eyelid, in a physician, from pus of a bubo (said to
be the only case of chancre of eyelid known in Mexico).
K) Case, chancre of finger, in a midwife.
i) Case, chancre of finger, in an attendant in hotel, from soiled
j) Case, chancre, velum palati, causR unknown.
*) Two cases, chancre of lip,
/) Several cases, chancre of the nipple in wet-nurses.
7) A report of Zemsky medical men on " Syphilis in the Vladimir Gov-
ernment" (Russia), 1884, p. 23.
m) Among 333 cases of svpnilis. 213 were infected per os; 57 through
family life; 8 througfi suckling; 26 by heredity; and only ag by
coition.
8) Trans, of the third General Meeting of the Sarator Zemsky (Russia)
Medical Men, in 1S87.
b) Statement; the proportion of syphilitic patients (infected chiefly in
a non-venereal way) amounts to from 8-ni per cent, of total number
of patients observed.
9) "Societe des Sciences MM. de Lyon." Jonrn. des Mal. Cuian, et
Syphilis, Paris. Vol. II., 1890. p. 355.
e) Case, chancre of lower lip, in a glass-blower; the same workman
had previously infected three others.
io)AuBziigeaus dem Tagebuch eines ausubenden Aerates, Theil I., p. 40.
/) Case, infection of [latient by finger moistened with saliva of oper-
ator (an old woman) used to raise a fallen uvula.
11) Report of District Medical Society. The Simbirsk Zemstro Herald,
i6qo.
7) Statements In the district of Simbirsk. East Russia, syphilis is
acquired through family life and other non-venereal ways in males.
71.6 ]>er cent, of cases, in females. 73.4 per cent. ; inherited in males.
7.(1 piT <riii. nf ta>;i-i, in females. 11.1 percent, of oases; per coitum
in ni.i' '■-.-"■!■' ; 1 1 III. iif ca.ses, in females, 15.5 per cent, of cases.
13) Prnpav.i .■■.! :iv nursUngs in Italy. British Med. Jonrn..
Feb. J-. 1 ,1 ■■ .
r) TIk- 1 ■ 1 ■I ■ill' ihe Interior sent a circular, dated Feb. 6,
i-.,i. I t- ipf the kingdom, calling their attention to
till-- I.' i UiL- diffusion in communes of the kingdom, of
syi'li . ikmicin character, depending on ine suck-
liii;^ ' : , :■, :iiii; from that disease, are of not infrequent
13) Oester, Med. Jahrb., v., Heft ii., p. si" (quoted by Sigmunr; Lan-
cereaui Traile, etc., p. 42).
. j) An account of "Mal di Breno."
14) ■' Ansleckung^ fsypliilitisehe) dureh Blntegel." WestphiUischer An.
zeiger. Froriep s Notizen, Weimar, 1827, No. 381. •
t) Syphilitic infection by means of a leech.
15) ■■ Mittheilung von der syphilis an und dutch Hebamraen." General-
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
bericht d, k. rheinlandisclien Med. Colleg., iiber d. J^r,
Froriep's Notiien, Weimar 1B31, No. 757-*
") Syphilitic infection of and by midwives.
16) "Syphilisinfection beim RasireQ." Wiener Med. Blatter, 1S86,
p. I339.»
v) Syphilitic infection by shaving.
Anatie, F. E. London. Westminster Hospital.
Med. Times and Gazette. iSds, p. 534.
Case, nurse infected by nursling.
Appay, C, Paris.
" Transmission de la syphilis en tre noi
et notamment par 1 allaitement. a
Paris, 1875. pp. 48-f*, andg8-it5.
I ) Case, forensic, arrgt de la cour de Lyon, 1852 (p. 93). Nurse in-
fected by oursling. damages recovered from nurse-iJureau.
3) Case, forensie, arr6t delacour de Uijon. 1868, (p. 94). Nurse infected,
3)«2
of FoiTRNiER's (MiCHBL), Loufcine, 1S74. (Obs. 1., p. 96), chancre
of breast in a wet-nurse.
4) Case of PoukNiEK's, Lourcine, 1874, (Obs. II.. p. 102), chancre of
5) Case of GoNiKJNiN. of Argenlan, 1867, (Obs. V., p. 105), chancre of
tonsil in a wet-nurse from bottle.
6) Case of Le Destl'. HGp. St. Louis, 1869 (Obs. Vll,. p. 113).
Nurse infected by nursling.
(Other cases previously publishe<l).
Aibo, H.
Afhasdl. om Radesygen eller Saltfliid. Kjdbenh., 171)2. Translated from
Danish by Hessler, Aitona. 17913.
Arcari, A. Milan. Ospedale Maggiore^special divisionfor venereal diseases);
Institute di St. Corona (sy]jhilitic out-patient service). "Lamedica-
Kione di Smiknoff nella c'ura della sitilide." Giorn. ital. d. mal. vener.,
etc., 18S6, p. 266.
I) Statistics of 71 cases, during year October, 18S5-1S86.
3) Four cases, chancre of breast in nurses.
3) Two cases, i,f;phaiic chancre.
Arcbtunbanlt. Paris. Hup. des Enfanls-maladcs.
1) Case, nurse infected at breast by nursling.
a) Qasa, chancre of lip (infant of above) (see Pontet*).
Arit, Hitter Ton. Vienna. University Prof, of Ophthalmology.
Case, chancre of conjunctiva (cited by Wiethe', q. v.).
AnuU, Jeui. Pans.
Compte rendu de la Soc. Med. dujc Arrondisscmcnt, May nth, 1854
(Union Medical, 1854, p. 508).
Case, chancre of the upper lip (case of Prot;Ev).
AnUnei £• Hamburg.
""Slittheilungen aus der Universiliibiklinik u. Poliklinik fiir Hautkrank-
taeiten ti. Syphilis.'' des Prof, Neissek. Vierteli. f. Derm. u. Syph.,
1883, Vol. XV., p. 95.
i) Case, infection of nursling bv its mother.
2) Personal commimication ; chancre uf nostril from towel, used in
common with brother, with abundant mucous lesions.
AmonU, J.
Dermatologie Afrieaine. La Lepre Kabyle. Paris, 18(12.
Arthur, G. A. U. S. Naval Service, Surgeon.
■' On the Infrequency of Secondary Syphihtic Infection," New York Med-
ical Record, Dec. 1?, 1S86, p. 674.
246 SYPHILIS msONTlUAf
i) Statistics comprising the esperience of 17; physicians in military,
naval, and civil practice; of 37,000 cases of syphilis treated, but 41
instances of secondary contagion were reportei
3) Facta of Wilcox; epidemicoftatooing. 26 infected. (See Epidemics).
3) Case of FiTi, transmission by a drinking faucet.
4) Case of Greenleaf, transmission bv a cornet.
5) Four cases, transmission by kissing.
6) Two cases, transmission by pipes.
7) Two cases, inoculation by bites.
8) Case, chancre of finger in a physician.
Astruc, J.
De morbis veneris libri novem, Venetiis, Vol. I., 1760, (Annal. de Derm.
etdeSyph.. 1888, p. 719),
1) Mention of a, sore on the palate, p. 2S5.
De morbis veneris libri novem. Venetiis. Vol. 1., 1760. (Allegem. Wien.
Med. Zeit'e. 1877, p. 309).
3) Mention of a sure on the eyelid, p. ii)\ .
Atkinson, J. E. Baltimore. Prof, of Pathology, and Clinical Prof, of Der-
matology, University of Maryland,
" Extra-genital infecting chancre," Maryland Medical Journal, 1883-4, i.,
I, from kissing,
no cause stated.
3) Case, chancre of thumb, in a physician, midwifery.
4) Case, chancre of inner surface of cheek, in O-year-old child, acquired
from her parents.
5) Case, chancre of nostril, in an old woman who was in the habit of
wiping the nose ot a syphilitic grand^iaughter with her own hand-
kerchief.
de I'Antiquaille.
lips, two in glass-blowers.
d hy SrotRME, q. v. pp. 76-8:
3) C:i?^c. ili^LUcrc <if the nds
3) Case, chancre of chin, after shaving.
4) Case, chancre of evelid.
5) Case, chancre «f the throat.
b) Case, chancre of the soft palate.
Cases reported by RiiiissKi,, q. v.
About a dozen cases of acquired infantile syphilis during 1878-9.
Audoynaud, t. H. Paris.
" l^tudc de la syphilis communiquiSe par I'allaitement, avec considerationes
m-idico-ldgales." These de Pans, i36o.
) Case, FduKMEn's, iSfij, nurse infected (Obs. I.,
a) Case, ForRMERs. chancre, female breast, from a kiss. (Obs. II. p. 17).
3) Case, Broca's. H6p. d. i. Pitif, nurse infected. (Obs. 111., p. 19).
4) Case, FiM hmkh'^, iiifiint infected by nurse, through bottle. (Obs.
5)C:i-,L, I. ];■■ -I. Loui.s. 1868, nurse infected. (Obs. V., p. 33).
G) Cn-.. . ■ ii . l.ariboisiere, nurse infected. (Obs. VI,, p. as).
7) C:iM-, :■■ ■■■ . ■ ..■■!■ .1. 1. Pitie, nurse infected. (Obs. VII., p. a6).
8) Caso, li,ii,..; Ji.i ., liGji. St. Eug&iie, nurse infected. {Obs. VIII.,
Reported by Sioi kme,!). v., p. ^7.
Case, chancre lower lip, left side, i
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 347
Angagnenr, V. Lyons.
Reported by Stoi'rme, q. v., p. 57.
i) Case, chaacre of chin, cause unknown.
Thiae de Lyon, 1879, p. 94 {Roussel ''De la syph., tertiare," etc,
1881, p. 127).
2j Case, chancre of finger in medital man, from professional exposure.
AnBpitz, H. Vienna. Poliklinik, venereal service.
Obituary notice ot H. von Zeissl. Viertelj. f. Derm. u. Syph., XVL,
1334. p. 547.
Case, PkoK. Zeissl, chancre of finger, auto-inoculatioa in opening a
Anxias-Turemie. Paris.
Procfa-verbaux de la Society MM. du Pantheon, Seance Feb. 13, 1856,
l) Case, forensic, nurse infected by nursling (p. 19).
Courier Medicate. Mai 30. iSbj.
a) Three cases of vaccino-ayphilis in infants, in 1851.
3) Case, vacci no-syphilis, from a. pustule at the eleventh day.
■'Observations et Experiences de Syphilis Vaccinale," in "Sj-philis
Vaccinale." by the Acad, de M6d,, 1S6;. p. 385.
4) Two cases of vaccino-syphilis in adults.
Axenfeld. Paris. Hop. St. Louis, interne, service of Cazenave.
Notes of a group of lactation syphilis (cases published by Cazenave, q. v.).
Ayrei, S. C. Cincinnati, U. S. A.
Case, chancre of eyelid, from kissing (see De Beck).
BadaL Bordeaux. Faculty Professor of Ophthalmology.
Mem. et Bull. d. 1. Soc. M^ et Chirurg. de Bordeaux. 1S86. p, 242.
1) Case, chancre of lower eyelid.
■'Syphilis Oculaire." Joum. de Med. Bordeaux. iSrji, p. 379 (Viertelj. f.
Derm. u. Syph., Vol. 24, 1893, p. 1&6).
a) Four cases, chancre ot the cylid.
BKrenspruiiE, F. von. Berlin. Charite Hospital, University Prof.
" Mittheilungen aus der Ahtheilung u. Klinik f. syphilitische Kranke,"
Third Report, tS&o, p. 71.
i) Statistical, 1 5 cases chancre of lip, in six years,
a) Case, chancre of upper lip from Visaing.
" Uober heradilare Syphilis." Berlin, 1864, pj). 151-179.
3) Numerous coses of acquired syphilis in children.
Bajuioff, D. N.
Syphilis in the Tscheriugov government (South Russia) Russkaja Medic,
Statements: "Syphilis is a family disease," "infection mainly extra-
sexual." " women and children infected more frequently than men,"
" the proportion steadily increases, "
Balducci, A. Florence.
■' Rapporto al Sindaco di Montecatini di Val di Nievole sui Casi di sifilidc
per allattamentn in una se/innc di quel commune, etc." Florence.
1868, {Notice in (iii.ni. ital (H mal. vea., etc., iSdS, 11., 11. 3R2).
Epidemic of lactatiuii-syphilis ciiused by adoption of foundiiuga (rum the
Florence Brefutrofiu. iSix' Epidemics).
Ballet, Paris. Hfip. Luriboisi&re. llntemc).
Case, chancre of the lip (See CiialveT).
Member of the Royal Commission appointed in 177S to procure efficacious
measures against Radcayge in Norvi-ay* (quoted bv Boeck, " Traits
d. 1, Radcsyge. etc.," i860, p. 10).
Bangs, L. B. New York.
Case, chancre of gum, from Itad-penLil. (Si:e Pu.v, U. H,).
248 SYPHILIS INSONTJUM
Baratoux, J. Paris.
'■ S\-ph:lis de I'oreille." Paris, 1B86.
Case, chancre of oxtemal ear, from a bite, (p. 56).
Barbantini, N. Lucca.
■' Del contagio venereo,
1) Said to contain firs
cuLiNi and Cekioli.
3) Case, infection of a little girl from her mother's cheratse (cited by
Proketa, ''Trattato pratico." etc., i698, p. 417).
Barclay. Pittsbursh.
Soc. Proceed. Allegheny County Med. Soc.. Dec. 15, 1891, Joum. of the
Amer. Med. Ass'n. Vol. XVIIL. iSga, p. 167.
Case, chancre of lip, in young girl, probably from dental inatnimenL
-_ _ (BulL
de I'Acad. de Med., 185s, xviii., p. 174, andarticle in Joum. de MM.
de chirurg., ct pharm., 1853, p. 611).
1) Case, forensic, at Tulle, 1841, nursling infccta two nurses.
3) Case, nursling infects nurse.
3) Case. same.
4) Case. same.
5) Small, lactation-epidemic.
"Syphilis communiquees par le doigt d'une sage-ferame," Bulletin de
I'Acad. de MM., Paris, 1874, p. 15.
6) Obstetrical epidemic at Brive, 1S73.
7) Obstetrical epidemii; at Rtxhechonart, about 1S55, facts by Bleynib.
(See Epidemics).
"Un Vaccinifcre Syphilitique,'' Revue Medicalede Limoges, 1869. No. 5.
3) Discussion on vaccinal .syphilis by Depaul, q. v.
Barduzzi, D. Pisa. University Clinic for Skin Diseases and Syphilis.
"Se iiiiezioni ipodermiche mercariali nella cura dcUa sililide." Giont. itaL
del mal. vener. e del. pel. 1884, p. 84.
1) Case, chanci'e of chin, male, age 47 years (Obs. II. p. 89).
a) Ca.se, chancre upper lip, soldier, age 35 years (Obs. Ill,, p. Sg),
" Sulla siiilide ercditaria." Giorn. itaL del. mal, vener, e del. pcL, 1S87,
p. 134-
- 3) Case, chancre of lip, in husband, vausing
4) Case, chancre nf cheek in wife.
Barillier. B.irdfaux. Hfip, dcs Enfants.
joum. de raid, de Bordeaux, iSCo. (Taruieu; fetude modico-1%., 1S79.
P' ^")-
(jroup ; two nursing women and three nurslings infected by lactation.
Barker. Edgar.
Med, Times and Gaz, Lomlnn, (857, p. 594.
Case, L-hantre lower lip, from a towel.
Barker, F. R. I'urlsfii. Surgeon British Army.
I'.nli-li MfdiLMl Jijurnal, Hay 4, 1889, p. 985.
, :■ i.:ni.'i lit Lliancre of the forearm, in soldiers, from tatooing, all by
^.iiiii.' ippfratiir wlu) had mucou-i putches In the muuth and used the
-.aliva to wi't the needles and mix the colors. (Sec Epidemics).
Barling, G. Birmingham. Birmingham General Hospital, Assistant
Surgeon.
Bimiingham Medical Review XXVII, :Rijo, p. i(xi, and British Medical
Journal I, 1890, y. j.i'^.
Case, chancre of lip. in man, ^''i years uUl, supposed infection from
tobacco-pipe.
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 249
BamcB, R. London. St.Thomas Hospital, Accoucheur.
Report of Army and Navy Commis-sion on Pathology and Treatment of
Venereal Diseases. 1S67, pp. 475-480.
Statistical, personal experience ; had seen syphilitic children of parents
who seemed wholly free ; in a few cases, children seemed to have
infected their wet-nurses.
BiTiy, E. Dublin (Professor of Medicine) and London.
"Account of a malignant lues venerea, etc.." Med. Essays of Edinburgh,
1735 and 1751, 8", III., pp. 307-304 (CoLLEs' Pract. Observ. on the
Vener. Dis. and Mercury. London, 1837. p. 19).
Epidemic from breast- drawing and lactation, Cork, i73S(See Epidemics}.
B»rth61emy, F. Paris. Physician to HSp. St. Louis.
Annales des malad. de 1 oreille et du larynx, VI., January. 1S80, p. 316.
1) Case, chancre of fauces; source unknown (cited by Le Gesdre,
1BS4. q. v.).
Archly, d'ophthal. iSSi.
a) Case, chancre of eyelid (from service of Fournier).
Cited by Zwetitch, Obs. V., q. v.
3) Case, immense chancre of cheek, in a female.
Busereau, L. HAp. St. Louis et du Midi. (Interne).
Trait^des maladies de la peau, symptomatique de la syphilis, Paris, 1852.
1) Statistics of own observations, total about 372, of which jo were
extra-genital; labial, 13; lingual, 4 ; gum. cheek and thumb, each i.
a) Family epidemic (p. zoi).
a) Case, chancre of lip and tongue, in a man.
b) Case, chancre of lip, in his mistress, frum her husband,
fj Case, chancre of li]). in 7-year-old daughter of above.
3) Case, chancre of lip, in a man, from kissing (p. yii>).
4) Case, chancre upon site of incision by foul instruments (see Jumon*].
BKtuchoff, J. 5. Talojiiia.
"On Nun-venereal Syphilitic Infection in Country practice.'' Medilzin-
skoie Obozrenie, No. 1., iSi^o, p. iS. (London Medical Record, May
rocal epide
I) Local epidemic of syphilis in Russian villages.
Meditzinskoie Obozrenie, No. 12. i8i)2, p. iiii.
a) Case, chancre, middle of upper lip in woman of 50, from grand-child
to whom she fed chewed food with her linger.
Bandon. Nice.
Recueil d' ophthalmologic, Paris, Nov. 1885, p. 673.
Case, chancre of conjunctiva bulbi, source unknown.
BaudiT, S. Lille. Professor of Surgical Pathology.
"Contrib. k rdtuile d. chan. d. paupicrcs." Archiv. d'ophlhalmologie., V.,
No. 1., 1885, p. 172. (Cited by G. De Beck, q. v.),
i) Ca.se, chancre of eyelid. 2-year-old child, from saliva on attendant's
linget(p. 55).
a) Case, chancre of eyelid, 4-year-oId child, from saliva on mother's
finger (p. 58).
Banm, S. Prague. Prof. Pick's Division, Skin Diseases and Syphilis of the
Poliklinik.
■' Zur Kenntniss der Extra-genital Sclerose," Viertelj. f. Derm, u. Syph-
ilis, 1335, PP- 97-1 ">■
i) Case, chancre of lower lip, from kissing (Obs. I., p. 98).
a) Case, chancre, lower lip, from a pipe. (Obs, V.. p. lou).
3) Four cases, chancre, lower lip, cause unknown. (Obs. II., III., IV.,
VI).
4) Case, chancre, upper lip, from kissing. (Obs. Vlll.. p. loz).
5) Case, chancre, upper lip, cause unknown. (Obs. VU., p, loa).
6) Case, chancre, eyelid, from a towel. (Obs. IX. , p. 103).
250 SYPHILIS INSONTWM
i) Cose, chancre, cheek, from a bite (?). (Obs. X., p. 104).
8J Case, chancre, chin, from tending an infant. (Obs. XI., p. 105).
9) Case, chancre, chin, cause unknown. (Obs. Xll., p. loj).
10) Five cases, chancre of breast, from lactation. <Obs. XIII.-XVII.).
BaumiB, P, Lyons. Surgeon-in-Chief to the Hosp.Antiquaille.
'■ Precis theorique et pratique sur les malad. v4nSr." Paris, 1840.
i) Case, nurse infected by nursling, at nipple (p. i6q).
a) Case, nurse, infected as above, infects her own nursling {p. 171).
3) Case, chancre of the nostril, cited by Ricord.
Baumlcr, Chr.
Handb. der chronischen Infectionskrankheiten; Erster Theil — Syphilis.
Leipiig, iS36.
Speaks of the identity of syphilis and radesyge, syphiloid, Sibbens,
skerljevo, etc.
Baxter, E. B. London. Blackfriars Skin Hospital.
Lancet. Slay 31. 18715, p. 769.
Case, syphilitic inoculation, child, 3 years old, by tooth brush.
Bayer, J. J. Altorf (?).
Acta. Nat. Cur. 111., obs. 26.
Epidemic, obstetrical, known as "Mai de St. Euphemie." (See Epi-
demics).
Bayle.
■■ Observations sur un ulc6re chancreux k la l^vre inf6rieure." Joum. de
mfiil, chir. etpharm,, Paris, 1767, XXVI., pp. 256-260.
Case, chancre of lower lip.
Bazin, X. Paris. H&p,, St Louis.
1) Cusc. nurse infected by nursling. (See Audovnaud').
21 Twii l:isl-,, ijf >,'lass blowers svphlUs. (See Viennois").
Beauvais, A. G. I'aris,
Si,u ik- i!k'.1 ilr I'.iris. Lyon mMicale, 1866, p. aog.
1 1 (.'.Lsv. lIl.iiil IV nf finger, from a bite: amputation.
2( L.c-i. 'd It! I ^ , man inoculated his mother by biting her hand.
Behtcnd, F. J. Hnlin,
BiiikiM'-. '■,Sv]>iiiIidologie," Leipzig, 1830-1846.
\] r^imilv Ljjiilciiiic. industrial, weavers, from use of sprinkling tube.
(Vui, in., 1841. p. 5i«)-
2) Case, lactatiun. nursling infects nurse. (Vol. IV., 1843, p. 621).
3) Case, nursling infects nurse, at breast, and she her own child. (Vol. L,
new scries. 185S. p. 326).
4) Case ot infection through cigars held in the lips, but replaced in
dealers stock. (Vol, IV., p. 325).
5) Statement, undocumented, of infection by lancets. (Vol. V., 1644,
p. i{,4).
6) Statement, "has seen many cases of transmission by pipes."
Belhomme, L. Paris. (Sec JUbtin, A.).
Bell, B. Kiiinburgh. University Professor of Surgery.
■■ Trtiitise im (jonorrhiea Virulenta and Lues Venerea," 1791, American
trillion, Albany. 1S14.
1) Stalcments, undiicumented, nf infection fir parlum: infection of
midwives: auto-iniiculati<in of surgeons; infection by kissing: by
drj liking- ware ; and by blood -letting with a lancet, used previously
to open a bubo. (Part II., p. ij).
2) Statements of eye-witness, but also undocumented, of infectiousness
of Sibbens, its diffusion among families, between children, etc.
(Part II.. pp. adS-^-li),
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 251
Bell, J. Hong Kong.
Lancet, Aug. 4. 1S8S, p. 241.
Case, chancre of tongue, from pipe or dishes.
Belcmsow, P. Odojew, Russia.
Medtcinskoie Obosrenie, 1B87, No. ai (Abstract in St. Petersburger
Med. Wochenschrift. No. u. (888, p. 97).
i) Family infection; 3 cases, chancre of m
upper lip; 2 of the tongue; 1 of soft palat
total, n.
Zeitschr, f. Gericht. Med. u. Allgem. Hyg. Bd., IV., 1885 (Russian).
(Archiv f. Derm. u. Syph., i88q, y. 236).
2) (statistics of 334 cases: family infection, 77 per cent.: lactation, i.S
percent.; hereditary, 10.13 per cent.
Arbeiten des 11., Congre.>;es Russischer Aerite in Moskow, 1887, p. 30.
(Archiv f. Uerm. u. Syph., iBBii, p. 236).
3) Statistics o( 2765 patients: family infection, 66.3 per cent. ; lactation,
a. 2 per cent. ; hereditary, 5.4 percent; per coi turn, 16 per cent.
4) Statistics, in Rjasan ; uxtra-^enitol infection, 74 per cent.
Trans, of the 2d general meetmg of Russian medical men at Moscow,
1887, Vol. 11., Div. 5, p. 20.
5) Three cases, chancre of fauces, father and sons 8 and 6 years, source
unknown.
6) Case, chancre, left faucxal arch, in a woman from her syphilitic child
of II months; the latter infected by a syphilitic relative.
7) Cose, chancre, mucous membrane of mouth, near angle of lips, in
man of 22 years.
8) Case, chancre, mucous membrane of mouth, near angle of lips, in
hoy at S years, whose father and sister were syphilitic.
9) Case, chancre of uvula, in iS-year-old boy, from his nephew.
id) Case, chancre, left faucial arch, in 22-year-old woman, from her
i-year-old boy ; the latter infected by a cook.
11) Case, chancre, left tonsil, in married woman of 33, from neighbors.
12) Ca.se. chancre, near corner of mouth and on both lips m a boy of
iz years ; living with syphilitic laborers.
Bennett, J. E. Fort Smith. Arkansas.
Southern Practitioner, 18S3 p. 103.
Epidemic of vaccino-syphilis at Fort Smith, 1863 — hundreds of soldiers
and civilians inoculated from pustules upon one another. (See
Epidemics).
Bennett, J. H. Edinburgh.
Journ. of Med. Sciences, Edinburgh. (Vol. XIV.. 1852, p. 570).
Two ca.ses of syphilis actjuired by two nurses from the same infant.
Benson, A. Dublin.
Transactions Academy of Medicine, of Ireland. (Vol. 1., 1883).
Case, chancre of eyelid, from kissing (p. 367I.
Berbes. Paris. H("ip. Cochin, interne, service of Dkspr£s.
Case, chancre of little linger, from tooth inoculation. (Sec Glign.\rd').
Bere:er, F. H.
■' Ue pseudo-syphilide," [naug. Dissert., Gryphire, 1S32.
Cose, nurse infected from nursling.
Bergreret. Paris.
Moniteur des h6pilaiii, Nov. 39, 1353-.
Group: three nurses and two nurslings, infected, irrlali/H, the first nurse
from an heredito-Syphilitic nursling.
BerEb, R- Copenhagen. Physician to General Hospital, Division for Skin
diseases and Syphilis.
■' Ueber Ansl. u. Ansteckungswege bei Svphilis," Monatsh. f. prakL
Derm., i338. p. 19;.
SYPHIt.IS INSONTIUM
i) Statistics ; from 1872-1896, among 251 chancres in prostitutes, there
were only 5 extra-genital; of these, lip 3, breast i, calf 1.
z} Case, chancre gluteal region, from sleeping with comrade, with
general pustular syphilids.
Bernard, A. Liverpool. Lock Hospital.
Liverpool Med. Chirurg. Journ., Jan., 1S85,
1) Four cases of syphilis in glass-blowers (pp. 183-6).
3) Personal communication: case, chancre of finger in a physician,
obstetrical.
Bernard, E. Amiens,
Bullet, de la Soc. Med. d' Amiens, 1S75, Xlli., XIV. pp. 104-B.
Case, chancre of the eyelid.
Bernard, P. Lyons. Chief of Clinic for Skin Diseases and SyphUis.
Journ. des mal. cutan. et syph. Paris. (Vol. H.. p. pg).
Case, chancre of left arm, in site of wound by a piece of stone, which
wasdressedbycompres.seswhieh had been in use previously by others.
Bertherand, A, Paris. Chief Physician, French Armies.
" Precis des Maladies V^n^riennes," zd. ed.. Paris, :873.
i) Case, chancre of tonsil, from kissing (p. 204).
a) Small lactation epidemic. Paris, (p. 33;). (See C*ztNAVE*),
3) Case of Guvon's, transmission by contact in bed (p. jo).
Bertherand, E. L. Lille.
Xotice .-iur le chancre de Sahara. Gaz.
A discussion concerning the nature o
Berti, G- Bologna. Maternity Hospital.
'■ Cunsideraziimi pratiehe d' igiene inti
Archiv. di patot. infant. Napoh, 18S
Seven nurses infecleit by lactation.
Bertin, X. Paris. Hop. des Vtneriens. Surgeon.
"Traits de la mal. v^ner. chez ies enfants n
enceintes, et Ics noiimces." Paris, 1810.
i) Case, child infected hv mother, thmuuh kisses, or dishes {p. 37),
2) Casf, infiint inf./.'tol 'nt vnlvn h\' hjUhini; idth saliva (p. 78),
3) Ca-;'.-, ■'■■■•- '■■!.■ -■ ill- 'In'. Iv i'v iliL- nipple, nurse, who i
4)C.'iV' ■"■■ i ', ;V,- .
5) C;.sL.. ,■■.,:■■ ...■ ■■ ■ ■^■., ..:..■
Besan^on, M. I'.in--. I
Case, l-:u^t:tLlu,ii
Besnier, E. fans. V\:\
I) Throe cases, lab
-nursuCp.
ilnlerncl.
x-nfe, Ies feinmes
1 (p. 149).
o CoLLF-s' law) (p. 163).
ucfal'"'''''
Thtse de Paris, 1875.
lAnnales de Derm, e
^(1 Uuiible chancre nf lip and tongiie, in workman, from lellow work-
i\ tliirn.Triip.Vi'ylnmg'^irl." """"'''"■
fl (".i-i'- "I ll'.M Mill 1- -, eleven chancres, labial and genital.
illetiu-li. 1 A .-.■: ■■■ M..| ili: I'aris, XIV., 1S85, p. 12.
3) kt|<. ■ . . ■ iiii the award of the Prix ftrnais, BESNIza,
tli.Lii ■ liiEij; work "Svphilis des Vcrriers." of Guihand's
of R\--. -!■ ■',!, ■. i'.iii-., 1-.S1,
a) Twii ca'^Ls, '^vphilis. in gla.«-blowers through medium of the tube.
6) Statislius, 41 glass-blowers treated for recent syphilis in theHosp.de
r An tiquaillf. Lyons, from i374-iSS2;from 1888-1885, not a single case.
AKAI.VTICAI. BIBLIOGRAPHY ^53
Annalcfl de Derm, ct ile Syph. Vol. X.. i33i), p, loi.
4) CttSe, chancre, middle of upper lip.
Aniialesda Ucrm. ft dc Syph. lOSg. No. 5. p. 463.
5) Case, chancre in subclavicular region in a man, whose wife had
mucuus patches in mouth and on genitals.
Joum. de in6l. et de chirure. pratiques, LXI., 1890, p, 496,
6) Ca.se, chancre of tonsilin a man, infection probably from t-ommnn
use of a tobacco-pipe.
Benrmaim.
"Chancres mammaires commnniques a des nourrices par leurs nourris-
sons." AnnalesdeDerm. etdeS>-ph. Vul. I., 3d series,t8c)o,p. 434.
Three cases, mammjir}- chancres, all wet-nurses at 1' hospite dea Enfants-
Assist&i.
Beyran, T. Sf. Paris.
■' Paralysis syph. d. mot..r--H.-ul. ext.' Bulletin du 1' Ata.i. dc Mcii.. i3((0,
t. XXV., p. 363.
Case, chancre of chin, cause not stated.
Bidenkkp, T. L. Christiania. Rigshospital,
Klinisk Aarbog. for 1SS6.
i) Statistics, etc., on non-vencrcal sj-philis.
z) Statistics, negative, on vaccino-sj'philis.
Blercben, P. Stockholm. President College of Physicians of Sweden.
(Cited by Rosbn vun RosENSTEI\',q. v., p. 75a),
1) Case, apparently a primary lesion of nostril, in 20-year-old youth,
i) Case, cnancre of lip, in a twelve year old girl.
BicAowski, L, J. Krakois.
"Choroby syfilityc/ne cKvli weneryczne ora« sporoby ich lecienia."
Krakow, 13S3. (Orignal account cited by Kosissht. 1S67: tlie latter'.s
"' gain in 1S80, by LuBELski, and also by Matlakowsk.i, q. v.l.
n epidemic, Krakow, over ;o<i infants infected.
(Cited by Ca^e.\avk, q. v,},
4) Ca.-*, chancre of lip, m a man, fnim kissing, infects next case,
5) Case, chancre oE lip, his niece. 13 years old.
6) Case, midwife infected in calling.
7) Ca-se. chancre of lip. in 6-vear-oTd bov, from S-vear-old brother.
(Cited by ^ciiBO, from work of Maktins).'
i) Case, chancre of nostril.
Bigelow, H. J. Boston. Prof, of Surgery, llan.*ard L'niversity.
Boston Med. Journ., Jan. d, iWc;.j, lAls-i in DmiiEt, "Treatise," eic
iB(mJ.
:) Case, nurse infected at nipple, infects
2) A woman, who drew her breast, and also
3) Her 14 year-old-daughter (both in the throat).
Bilguer. Berlin. Prussian Alilitary Service. Surgeon -General.
" Trailfe de I'hypochondrie." pp. 71, 75. (Rosk.s von RtistssTEiN, I7&y-i)l
p. 759).
Epidemic, or cases from breast-drawing. (See Epidemics),
(Episode said to resemble that described by Evekakuisj.
Binet, P. Paris. HOp. de I.,ourcine. (Interne).
"Contribution drttudc du thauLre infcLtaut du vagiu." I,ii Frani.
Medical, iS8i, I,, pp. 39-50.
354 SYPHILIS INSOyriUSf
I ) Statistics, of MAKTrNEAU, {Ifip. Loarcine: laS cases; lips B ; vanlt of
palate i ; tonsil i ; breast i (double chancre, one on nipple).
" Du r6!e de la syphilis dans le c6cit&," These de Paris, 1883.
3) Case, chancre of cornea, in a medical student.
Bird, F. D. Melbourne.
Australian Medical Journal, July 15. 1SS6, p, 304.
I) Case, of Snowball, q. v., and Ryan. C. S.', q. v.
Australian Medical Journal, iS9g, XI. No. 9. p. 417.
3) Case, chancre of nose, no particulars given.
3) Case, chancre ot finger, dorsal aspect of inter-phalangeal joint,
source unknown.
Bjorken, T. Upsala. Univ. Prof, ot Surgery.
"Syphilidolog. Antekningar" Upsala ISkar, Forh.. 1869.
(Review by Behqu, in Virchow u, Hirsch Jahresbericht, i86g, 11., p. 560).
i) Case, chancre, back of hand, from a plaster previously worn on a
syphilide.
s) Numerous other non-veaereal cases, not given by the reviewer.
"Primar. Syphil. im undre lappen " Upsala lajtar. Fort., 1B78, XII., p. 453.
(Virchow u. Hirsch Jahresbericht).
3) Known only by above title.
Btachec, E, Paris. Surgeon to Hflp. Lourcine.
'■Deux cas de chancre du cou" by Foubnier. Annales de Derm.
et de Syph., 1S7&, p. bb. (Notes by Blachez),
Case, chancre ot neck, from tooth inoculation.
Blair, L. E. Albany. Swinburne Dispensary.
Detroit Lancet, 1833-4, N. S. Vll., p. 305.
1) Two cases ot chancre of lip, in men aj and 26 years old.
2) Case, chancre of tongue.
Blanc, H. W. Tennessee.
New York Med, Journ. Vol. LV..
:) Three cases, chancre ot lip, t«
2) Case, chancre, right cheek, in female, probably from soiled towel.
Blaschko, A.
" Ein Fall von Lippensyphilis." Berlin, klia. Woehenschr., iSgo, No. 27,
p. 6ao. (Viertelj. f. Derm. u. Syph. Vol. II., i8qo, p. iSs).
Case, chancre of upper lip, right side, patient 31 years old, from a bite.
Blauchet, M. Paris.
ijinjted by RuBBiNS, in Phila. Med. News. Vol. LX., iSga, p. 263.
Author infected 37 individuals by Eustachian catheterization.
Bleynie. I'rof. d'accouchements a I'ficole de Limoges.
(Si'L' B\KuiM-i)- Bull, del' Acad, de inM. Pans, 1874, p. 319.
^i-VLr.il iniuiits infected by a midwife, rubbing umbilical cord with
liiijiirs [iiipiviuned with saliva. (See Epidemics).
Bloch. M- E. V.^-.Wn.
•■i:i.-,JiLi liu 1.1 nur Anstecltung durch Aussiiug. d. Brust." Med. Bemerk.,
(.,1-i-. tli.iiK iL- irom breast -drawing.
Blondeau, L. i'.Lii-..
'■ Lii tas dc lyiilulis congeniale." Gaz. des llCp., 18S6, No, 71.
CaHc. lactation, nursling infects nurse.
Bloom, I. N. Louisville, Ky. Dermatologist Louisville City Hospital.
••Kstra-geULtal and other chancres." Medical Progress, i8gi, VI., p. 387.
I] Case, chancre, mamma in widow 46 years old, source unknown.
2) Case, chancre, angle of jaw, in lady 22 years old, from a kiss.
3) Case, chancre, left index finger, in man 22 years old, source unknown.
4J Cose, chancre, upper Up, in a prostitute, source unknown.
Sc,3, p. :
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 355
^) Cftse, chancre, left index finger, in a physician, source unknown.
6) Cose, chancre, right thumb, in a physician, source unknown.
Blot.
Case of vacci no-syphilis, (See Sebastian).
Bloxam, J. A. London. Lock Hospital. Surgeon.
Session Med. Soc.. London, Jan, 34, iBSy. British Med. Joiirn., 1887, L,
p. aia.
C^e, chancre of both lips.
Blnmentwcb. GSttingen. University Prof, of Medicine.
Blumenback's ■' Bibliothek fiir Aeriten," 3". Bd.. p. 197.
Case, infection of a chamber-maid, by a tooth-brush,
Boeck, C. Christiania. University Clinic for Skin Diseases and Syphilis,
Tidskrift f. prakt. Med., 1833. No. 1. (Archives o( Derm,, 1883, XV., p.
66s).
i) Statistics, lactation, from 1 S75-8 ; four nurses, chancre of nipple,
Tidskrift f. prakt. Med. 13S3, No. 13, (Anchives of Derm., 1883, XV., p.
647)-
a) Cnse, chancre of tonsil, virgo intacta.
3) Case, chancre of tonsil, simple mention,
4) Case, chancre of tonsil, from kissing.
.. .. , M , n table-ware.
n table-
1885, No. 15-16, (MonaL f. prakt. Derm., 1885,
p. 456). "
8) Case, chancre of tonsil, from tending a syphiUtlc child,
9) Case, chancre of tonsil, from a drinking-glass.
10) Ca,se, chancre of tonsil, source unknown.
(Cited from H.imoi.i t).
11) Case, chancre of finger, in young girl who washed her infected
brother's linen,
Boeck, W. Christiania. Rigshospital.
Norsk. Mag. Vol. VI. (Guneiberga Zeitschr, f. klin. Med,, Ed. V,, HfL
n., p. 137).
i) Case, nurse infected by nursling.
"Klinisk over Hudsygdome og Syphil. Sygdome, for 1852." Reprint
from Norsk. Mag., V.il Vlf
a) Family epidemic: seven infected (pp. 74-76).
"Syphilisationsforsog," 1853.
3) Case, syphilis in child ot 15, infected, by mother, at 6 (p. aS).
4) Case, syphilis in woman ot 24. infecled when 8 years old (p. 36).
" Syphilisation studieret ved Sygcsengen," i B54.
5) Two eases, Obs, IV. and XI., evidently non-venereal
"Syphilisation as a mode of treatment, etc," Bebrend's Syphilidologie,
185S.
6) Case, nnrse-raother, infected by nursling, transmits to own child a
chancre of lip (Obs. XLV., p. 567-572).
7) Case, nursling infected by strange nurse, with chancre of the lip,
transmits labial chancre to mother (Obs. LVI., p. 577).
Traits de la Radesyge (syphilis tertlaire), Christiania, 1S60.
Contains muA of the literature of this subjecL
" Ueber Syphilis der Kinder." Bebrend's Syphilidologie for 1862.
8) Case, nursling, infected by a nurse (p. 515).
q) Case, nurshng. infected by a nurse, chancre of lip (p. 516),
"Recherches sur la Syphilis, etc." Christiania, 1867 (in French and
Norwegian).
10) Statistics; several thousand cases of chancre, (Many cases of syphilis
SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
e detailed, but it is difficult to distinguish them from
those already repurtetl).
" Ueber syphilitischo Infect ionweisen.'' etc. Archiv f. Derm, u. Syph.,
1869, p. 1G8 (cites cases from his work, ■' Recherches," and adds)
11) Case, chancre uf tongue, in nursing infant, from mother's breast
(P- 171).
u) Case, chancre, lower lip, male, 36 years old (p. 175).
'■ Erfahrungen iiber Syphilis." Stuttgart, 1875.
13) Case, chancre of tongue, in an infant, mother syphilitic (p. loB).
14) Case, chancre, tip of tongue, from a pipe (p. 109).
15) Case, child infected by nurse, who chewed its food (p, 137).
(Qtioted by Hock. q. v.').
■6) Case, chancre lower eyelid.
Boerbaave, H, Leyden. Professor of Medicine.
" Prielectiones Academicre de lue Venerea," Franquerse. 1751 {p. 6).
1) Small epidemic among women, who kissed an infected infant [tj Xf .).
a) Case, a mother and her nursling infected, through the latter having
had the breast of a strange woman (SJ XIV.).
3} Case, lactation, nursling mfects a nurse (^ XV.).
Boettnr. Dresden.
Memorabilitn, 11., 1S7B, xxUi., p. E13.
Case, child ij years old, wiUi tertiary acquired syphilis, infected by
syphilitic iiurse, who chewed its (ooi
Bogolubow, N. F. i^p'tistri'lt. Marine Hospital. Surgeon.
.M(.'ii. I'lii.... \l.".. Sbomikii Med.. May. 1884. pp. 51-58. (Archiv
I. )'■ ■ 1--.,. p. 237)-
1 ■■ I ■ '.iL infection /<r oj.
Ml'iI. I'l ■ ,!■ M. ■ .. Shomikij Med.. 1885. Nos. 3, 4. (Same reference).
2) t^talistiLs. 7 = 1 cj.sfds of syphilis: lips 3; eyelid i ; tonsil 1.
Bo^sloTsky, G. I.
Meditiinskia Pritiav. k. Morsk. Sbomiku Med. (British Journ. of Derm..
Sept.. 1S81), p. 333),
Case, chancre of abdomen, near navel, inoculated through an abrasion.
Bohn, A. Kiinigsberg. Private Docent to the University of Konigsberg.
Schmidt's Jahrbiicker, io<i3, C.XX, up. 97-109,
Ueni-ral rtview uf vaccinal syphilis; Cases of Ceccaldi, Cerlou, GijIT-
i.-,H. Hni...N. HiiiNm, l.iK. M,^KCOLlM, Pacckiutti. Pittoh. Rinx-
.kll,, \*llM,V[KNN.i|.. WMrjK,\VE.iEl.EK.WH[TEKE-*I>,etC.;of tttotal
lit" iij [Ji-r-"'!!- vaci lu.ituil. 'ii^i were infected with syphilis.
Bolschwing, T, von. Iiiiriial. Hi>-.|nlal at Riga.
'■ L'cbcrSyjiliiiis und Auswalz." llurpat, 1839.
l) CaKC, chancrciil li]), common useof cupand spoon. (Obs. 4, p. 5J, $6).
a) Case, infection per os, common use of spooa. (Obs. 5, p. 5(>, 57),
3) Case, infection per os, fauces(?), from a nursing-bottle. (Obs. 6, p. 57).
4) Ctt.se, infection ptri's, exposure to syphilitic relative. (Obs. 7,ji. 58).
5) Case, infection in infancy, through common use of cradle. (Obs. 8,
p. 59).
f)) Case, infant inffctcrt, father syphilitic. (Obs. g, p. 60).
7) Case, infection per os, from a pipe. (Obs. 10, p. bi).
9) Seven other observations, comprising numerous cases of family
syphilis, which cuuld equally be of venereal and hereditary nattire
(p. 62-74).
()) A treatise on the relation of the S\-phlloidof Lithuania, Jutland, etc,
to Syphilis and Leprosy.
Bondet. Lyons. Prof, of Internal I'athologv.
Rni: Ki! ■■Traitc etc.," ijCJ,, p. fry.
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
Ljrona, Hosp. de VAntiquaiUc, female si
RoLLET. "Traits, etc," 1B65, p. 705.
Chancre; Statistics collected by Carrier, intei
See Cakricr aad Rullet.
et,J. Lyons.
liled by Roi.le
(1 by \
Case, chancre of tii
BonneTie, H.
Appointed in iTsStos
by Lancerkaux "
Bonniire. London.
London Lancet, June :S, 1S7C1.
Case, vaccino-Kyphilis, from sciiled needle.
Bonorden, H, F. Berlin,
"Svphilis," Berlin, 1934.
Case, chancre at site of incision for venesection (p. 41).
Bontius, J.
Medioina Indorum,. Lugd. Balav.. 1719 (riuoted by Ravrr "Traitfi tbcor.
et prat. d. mal. d. 1. peau.," sd edit.. Paris, 1*35, Vol. Ill,, p. 8(14;
and by Rullet. ■■ Traiti, etc.." 1S6U (ji. a,ii).*
An original account of Amboyna pimple.
Booth. Sheffield, England.
" Epidemic of Syphilis caused by a midwife." Fortschritte ilcr Medicine,
March :. iS83, Beilage 5 (p. 34).
A midwife had a chancre of the finger, and, in spite of a command to
the contrary, continued to practice, covering the linger with a glove.
She infected a great number of lying-in women, who in turn gave the
disease to their husbands and children. The midwife was condemned
to \2 months, at bard labor.
Borgamtins, P. Paris. Physician to Henry II. of France.
"Methodus de morbo Gallic"." Patavii, 1566.
Case, chancre of finger, in a midwife.
BoTOTsli^, V. K. Kiew.
Vratsch., 1893, No. 11. p. 274.
ij Ca.se. chancre of left tonsil, in a man. source unknown.
t) Case, chancre of both tonsils, in a man, sourte unknown.
Botftllut, L. Piedmont.
"Vonder Frantnosen-Krankheit und ihrer Cur," Niimberg, 167&; from
the latin ed. of is6j.
Case, chancre of lip, from a drinlcing-glass (p. 41).
(Mentions also infection by clothing, kissing, etc.).
Bottex, P. Lyons. Hosp. de I'Antiquaille.
Behrend's Sypbilidologie, Vol. I., 1139, p. 536.
Case, nursling infects nurse, and she tier own child.
Bottey, F. Paris. IntL-me du Ho]!. Midi.
Annales de Derm, et de Syph.. iSSj, H., Ser. IV., p. 435.
Case, chancre back of hand, from washing linen of patients.
BoQchACOurt, A. Lyons. Faculty Professor.
■■ Consultation medico-legale sur urie cas de syphilis communiqufie de
I'enfant k sa nourrice par I'allaitcment" Revue mid franjaise et
etrangfire (Cavol). 1841, t. IL. pp. 828-235.
Family epidemic from, lactation.
Boucher, de la Valle-Jossr, Paris. H5p. dii Midi. (InLcme).
(Contributor to Fuuh.ncer's statistics, in the " filude sur le chancre
cephaUque," 1853, q. v.).
18
250 SYPIIIUS mSONTTLTM
Boucheroo. Paris.
L' union mMicate, 1S79, No. 6, Vol. XXVII.
1) Ca.se, chancre, eyelid (plica semil.) from kissing (p. 529).
2j Case, chancre, eyelid, in prominent surgeon, from auto-inocolatioii
with the fingers {p. 533).
Bouchut, E. Paris. Hup. des Enfants-Malades.
" Memoire sur la transmission de la syphilis des nouveanx-n£s aux
noumces." Mem. de la Soc. de biol, 1849. (Gaz. raid, de Paris,
1850, p. 296).
i) Two cases, nurses infected by nurslings (Rayer, q.v.).
" Traits pratique des maladies des nouveaux-nfis," 5th ed.. Paris, 1867.
a) Case, lactation, nursling infects nurse, she her own child (p. 1057).
3) Case, epidemic of lactation-syphilis (p. 105S).
Boudinet.
Bulletin de 1' Acad, de mtd., Paris, 1878. (Cited in Archiv f. Derm. u.
S>-ph., 18S9, p. 237).
Case, midwife with chancre of finger, infected lying-in women.
Boui.
Essai sur la maladie de Scherlievo, Paris, 1814.*
Bouilljr, G. Paris. H6p. Bcanjim, Prof. Agr*g6.
Arthropathies, rheum., scrof., et syph. Thtse d' aggregation. Paris, 187B.
i) Sequel of case of vaccino-syphilis, reported by Ollieu, q. v.
2) Case, rag-picker infected on right little finger, {See PouKNiek's
■' Lcjons tabes d'orig. syph.," p. 414).
Boulangier.
La Clinique, Bruxelles, Jan. a6, 188S, p. 51. (Mouats. f. prakt Derm.,
i?S8. No. 8, p. 387).
Case, thancre of the nose.
Bour<^, P.
Cited by Mal'riac. " Syphilose du rein," Paris, 1887, p. 21, without
references.
Case, chancre of upper lip iii a man of 13 (Obs, 21).
Bourdais, Eugene.
Coutrib. a I'hist. des accid. griiv. consfic. aux vaccinations faites par une
sage-femme. These de Paris, 1869, p. 36.* (Cited by Roussii-
"Syph. tertiaire,"' Paris, iSSi, p, 205).
Bourdon. Paris. Hup. d. 1. Charite, Physician.
Cited by Okv. q. v., pp. 26-7.
Case, Charity, i&7g; vaccino-syphilis in female, age 53 years, scarifier
was nut cleaned, blcmd carried from one to the other.
Bourgeois, Madame Louise (Burgesius). Pans. Midwife to Marie de Medids.
■■Traitfedesaccouchements," idoS, II., 42. (RostN v. Rosenstein "Kinder-
krankheiten." Giittingen, 1798, p. 728).
Epidemic of obstetrical syphilis, thirty-five families infected. (See
Epidemicsi.
Bourgogne, F. i]-.:'. 1-i"' rind Brussels.
■'Cuni.;.,. ■ li's cnfants trouvees et leur nour." Lille, 1615,
.III! ■ ■ . .iLliaQt k-s rtif. modes de contag. et de transm.
ak:v'. ■■■-I (sj'philis)." journ. domed, de Bruxellesr
Ah'ALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
a) In addition to the above.
a) Nurse, from adoptedfoundlLng, who then infected
b) A seeoad adopted foundling.
f) Two nurses, infected by adopted foundUng.
3) Case, young lady, infected by a comb, used by syphilitic friend.
(Note; These cases are referred to by GOnti. ("Verhiitung d. Syph."
pp. a6-6i, as of re<^nl date, but correspond to the epidemic at Condfe).
Bonsqnet.
Canstatt jahresbericht, 1865 (Zeissl; ■' Lehrb. der Syph.," 3d. edit. 1875,
pt 11. p. 37).
Three ca<ies of Eustachian sound infection.
Bonrier, Paris.
"Syphilis vaccinale." Acad, de mtd. , Paris, [865, pp. i62-i72.
_. ii._;j — :. I. ... |j£ vaccino-syphilis, at Lupara, 1856. (See
i) Epidemic, M,
Epidemics).
2) Case of MoKAx's,
Borero, RiiuUdo.
Giom, ital. d, mal. ve
Case, chancre from
1S69, XXXI., pp. 413-
1. c della pelle XXVII.. Mar. 1892, p. 37.
ut by razor, in man of 41 years.
Boyer, P. Paris. Hop. St. Louis, Surgeon.
Gaa. m&i de Paris, ad series, VIII., Nov., 1840, pp. 753-769- (Bbhresd's
Kyphiiidologie III., 1841. pp. 299-322).
1) dase. chancre of nipple, in a paraplegic woman, infected 23 years
before by a nursling (p. 323).
a) Case, chancre of nipple, in a male, by a bite (p. 317).
Boys-de-Loury, J,, and Barthilemy.
Annal. d'nyg. pub. et de mi-d. leg., Paris, :
430.
Case, nurse infected by nursling.
Boys-de-Loury and Costhilhca.
Gaz. raed, de Paris, 1847. 3d ser.. "
Case, chancre lower lip in a girl
Bnunbilla, G. A.
Gaz. med. ital., Lombarda. Milano, 1877. 7th ser., TV., No. 34.
Case, chancre of finger, professional infection of a midwife,
Bnuidis.
De morbo in Holsatia; nonnulla regione grassante contagioso (
lepr* observationes. Hall. Allg. Litt. Zeitung, 1811. Bibli'
Laeger, 1813, L (Quoted by Boeck "Traited.1, Radesyi
1S60, p. 46).»
Treats of the morbus Dithmarensis.
Bnndis, B. Aachen. Geh. Sanitatsrath.
"Grundsitze bei der Be hand 1. d. Sj^ih.." id ser.. 1886.
Case, Lhancre of finger, in a medical n
Prof. DiiUREUii
Annates de la Mlycliniquc, iSSij, p. 124.
Case, multiple chancre of face ; one ea
BniUavola, A. M. Ferrara.
Tractalus de morbo Gallico, 1551. (See
Cose, nursling, infected by a nurse, in.
Brecber, G.
"Die Beschneidung der Isra;liten," el
(Cited in jAFFt, ■' Die rituelli
Case, circumcision-s^'philis, <
Epidemics).
e unknown .
1 (p. 37).
's clinic for Skin
SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
'■ Chancre cephalique,
Breda, A. Padno. University Clinic for Skin diseases and Syphilid
"Renditonto clioico." (May, 1S7S to Dec 1B60). Giom. ital, d.
mal. vener., etc., i8Si, p, 27.
l) Statistics; lip 3, tongue i. buccal cavity 3, tonsil 1. cheek 1, nipple
5.-^13, Of these, six were in nurses, five with chancre of nipple, and
one chancre of tonsil, all from nurslings.
'■ Manuel de Malattie Vener. e sifil." Padua, 1687, p. 339.
s) Statistics, frorn Dec. i^fo to May i386; lip 11, cheek 2, neck j, nipple
1 1—27. Grand total Irom May (£78 to May 1^8(^-40.
Breinlinger, Konrad.
Inipl syphilis. luaug. Dissert, Wiirzburg, 1932, p. I2.*
Breyer, J. F. Brussels.
Cited by CusiF.K, q. v., in his " Annates d'ocul."
Case, chancre of eyelid, girl 3 1-2 years old from fondling and kissing;
Brincken, von. Angeln.
■■ Ulcus durum auf der Innenfliiche der nberen Augenlider." Zebeader'a
klin. Monatsbl. f, Augenheilk., Stuttgart, 1S84, XXIL, p. 371.
Case,. chancre, inner surface of upper eyelid.
Brinton, W. Baltimore.
Case, chancre of nose, bite-inoculation, reported by Roh£, q. v.
Bristowe, J. H. London. St. Thomas Hosp., Senior Surgeon.
■' Report med. off. Gov't. Board. 16S3. Xll., p. 46.
Ufficial report of Coramisssion on Dr. CoKv's Auto-inoculation. See
CuRV and Hl■^^:Hl^so^.
Broca, P. Paris. H6p. de la Piti^. Physidi
1) T«o cases, chancre of lip, in FuLhmi
2) Twii cases, lactation syphilis for All
Brocq, L. Paris.
Annales lie Derm, et dc Syph., 1S83, p. 362.
i) Two co-st-s. chancre ui cimjunctiva. (Sen-ice of Folrmer).
Annales ile Derm, et de S^■ph.. 1SS7, p. 309.
a) Case, chancre ol lachrj-mal caruncle, left eye; boy 2 years old.
(Service of HtsMKK),
3) Two cases, chancre nf the tonsil. (Service of Th. Angek and
LauuI'lu£nf.). Sec Lk Ge-nure.
Broick, J. Bonn, Prof, DouTRrLBruM's University Clinic.
" Ueber extra-genital Initialsclerosen." Inaugural Dissertation, Bontl.
TS88.
I) Eight cases, chancre of lip, six females and two males,
ai Six cases, chancre of finger. 3 in surgeons and 3 in midwives.
3) Three cases, chttncre of nipple, nurses from nurslings.
4) Case, chancre, left arcli of palate, in female, from infected foster
child.
5) Case, infection per ns. in a male.
Reported by l)K, Kkki.i.Inu,
6) Case, chancre, inner c;
7) Case, chancre ..r ■ •■■
"Uebcr extra-gcuii i' -
3.1. Ifitjo, p. A'r,
Statistics: 21; cut-
8) Seven eases. Lb..L,._:L . 1 .i,
9) Case, chancre of rmi;i.r. in
10) Case, chancre of tnnsi), in
11) Case, chancre of chin, from ii liiam cm.
is) Case, chancre, iancr surface right thigh, from sleeping with
Brouson, E. B. New York.
Journal of Cut.mc^pus :i.nd Venereal IJisi
q. V. in Uh. Lesser's cUnic.
iinliii> iif eye, in a male, source unknown,
':•.■-: 'vji.ttcd saliva, in an eysipelas abrasion.
■ i:i:i " Archiv f. Derm, u. Syph, VoL
ii female.
1SS9, p. (17,
r
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
i) Case, chancre of tonsil, B-year-old girl, from mother.
Trans. N. V. Dermatol. Hoc., aiSth meeting. Joum. of Cu
Genito-Uria. Dis. Vol. XI,. 1893. p. 29.
2) Case, probable chancre, front of thigh, in hospital nu
attended syphilitic patients, and inoculated herself presumat
soiled linger, through a scratch.
Brouardel, P. Paris, Physician to Charity.
Cliniqoc mMicale de la Charity, 1874,
Two cases. Eustachian infection, in children, one fatal.
I) Case of Eustachian infection, reported by Bucquov. q. v.
3) Cases of chancre from bites, reported by Lksage, q. v.
Brousse. Montpelli
L'union mh&v '
Syo. Vol. L.. p. 450.
hard chancres on the face, man yi years old, pre
Brown, F. T,
Jouraa! of Cutaneous and Genito- Urinary Diseases, VoL X., Jo
p. 335.
Case, chancre of ring finger, right hand, in young man, from i
Browne, Lennox.
Urit. Ivaryiigolog. Ass'n. Revue de Laryngol. (Journ. des mai. i
sypli., Vnl. IV., iSgS, p. IK).
Case, chancre of cheek, in girl of i3, from bile by a man wil
Bruneaa, E. Paris.
'■ Transmission d. 1, syphilis d'lin nourrisson." Gaz. des HCp., i
Case, nursling infected by wet-nurse (p. 150).
Bninelli. Rome. (See Ckhasi),
Brush, E. N. Philadelphia. L". S. A.
-Session Phila. Neurr.log. Sue, April ih. iSS:."' Phila. Mec
July 9, i8&7(VoI. LI.. No. j).
Case, chancre of thumb, in a medical man, later developed
syphilis (p. 49).
Bryant, T. London. Guy's Hos]nital.
"Chancres in adults and children, in unusual siluatiims." Lam
p. 515-
r) Two cases, chancre, upper lip, source unknown.
%) Two cases, chancre, lower lip, source unknown.
3) Case, chancre, angle ipf moutli. source unknown.
4) Case, chancre, forearm, source unknown.
;j Cose, chancre, nipple, in a female from kissing.
6) Case, triple chancre of finger, direct contact.
7) Case, chancre of check, from fingei-nail wound,
8) Case, chancre of lip, boy of 7, fnim his father by kissing.
<() Two cases, children, boy slept with infected relative.
10) Case, infecliun, child of 4 years, source unknown.
11) Two cases, chancre of lip, aged 7 years and 10 mnnlh:
syphilitic.
Bryce, C. A. Richmond, Va. Editor of thr -. .; >
"Syphilis from accidental causes." SmrJi \'\ , ]
Case, chancre, lower lip. in yoiint; mai; ■ ■ iJvate
a whiskey flask, after a man with cfjii?.uiuLi.,:..;l ■-; [jiiilii.
Bucci, A. Bologna. Osped. di St. Orsola.
Giorn. ital. d. mal. vcn. etc., iSS;, p. iff}.
Case, chancre of finger, from a bile.
202 SYPHILIS LVSONTTUSi
Buch, M. Finlaad.
Findska Lakares. Handb.. 1888, No, 6, p. 303. (St. Petersburg, med.
Woch, i8aa. No. 30, p. 561)-
Three cases, cbancre of upper eyelid, from application of tong^ae or
Hng«r moistened u-itb saliva to the eye. by a female quack.
Buchanan, G. Glascow. Professor of Surgery.
"Case of Sibbens." London Med. Gax.. 1836, XIX, p. 44
infection in throat after using same pipe and spoon with infected person
(corresponds exactly with description of cases of Eustachian intection
and throat chancre).
Buchholz, W. H. S. Hofmedicus at Weimar.
Annotations to Loii£r's translation of Rosf.n v. Rosenstein's work on
diseases of infancy, 6lh ed. , Gottingen, 1798.
Case, infection per os, from a drinking glass (p. 728).
Bucbolz, I.
Tidskrift for prak. Med., Kristiania, 168S, p. 305. (Archiv f. Derm. n.
Hypb.. i8gi, p. 328).
Case, chancre of tonsil in old woman who had cared for a syphilitic
child.
Bucquoy. Parts, Holel-Dieu.
L'union mM., 1865, XXVII., p. 1B9.
1) Case, Eustachian intectiwn. in a youth of 31.
(This case also under obseri'ation of Brovarhel and CuLLeuait),
3) Case, of Danvon's and Clllekier's, Eustachian infection; patient
infected her husband.
Budor, G. Pa.ris. Hop. Beanjon. (Interne). Service of Millard.
■•P.iraplegicsyphilitique." Annal. lie Derm, et de Syph., ;BB7, p. 188.
(.'asL-, chaneri: of lower lip. followed by tabes dorsalis (see Miu.Attt>).
Budugoff, A. I. St. Petersburg.
Vratsch No. i, iS.ja (St. Louis Med, and Surg. Joum., June, iSga).
1) Case, chancre, lower lip. in man of 23 years, from cigarette sraokutg,
Vratsch No. ID, 1892 (St- Louis Med. and Surg. Jimra., June, 1891).
2) Case, chancre, right timsil, in young recruit, who, in leaving th©
viUa^, had, as is the custom, kissed every one of the inhabitants.
Bulkley, L. D. New Vork. Skin .and S>-philis Clinic, New York Hospital,
I) "Two cases of chancre cjf the lip. infection from cigars," Archiv. of
Derm,, 1S79, pp. 343, 372.
a) • -Non- venereal S)-philis." Trans. New Vork State Med. Soc, 1886,
P- 393-
"Syphilis as a non-venereal disease." Journ. Amer. Med. Asso'n,
Dec, 18S8, p. SCis. All cases included in
3) " Unusual ractliods of acquiring Syphilis." Phila. Med. News, Mar.
2 and q, 1^39.
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 263
4) " On the dangers arising from syphilis in the practice of dentistry."
Intemat. Dental Joum., 1S90. May and June.
Case, chancre, rij^ht side of tongue, man aged 60, from dental opera-
i) "Clinical notes on chancre of the tonsil with analysis of fifteen
cases." Trans. Med. Soc. of the Slate of New York, 1S93.
Fifteen cases, chancre of tonsil, among total of 111 jrersonal cases.
Bull, C. S. New York,
Amer. Journ. Med. Sciences, Oct., 1878, p. 407.
Case, chancre of conjunctival surface of upper eyelid,
Bonistead, F. I, New York.
" The Pathology and Treatment of Venereal Diseases," New York, 1B61,
4th ed.. 187.), with R. W. Tavldk ; 5th ed., iSBj, by Dr. Taylor, after
death of Dr. B. References to 4th edition, representing
i) Case, chancre of tonsil,
a) Case, chancre of nipple, from kissing by husband.
3) Dentists infected in practice of profession.
4) Sj*phili9, probably communicated by tooth-brush {p, 431).
5) Two cases, chancre under surface of eyelid (p. 695).
Humbold Med. Archives? St. Louis, Mo. (Joum. Cut. Med., London,
Vol, IV., 1S71. p. 153).
6) Syphilis acquired from smoking a pipe.
7) Case, chancre of finger, in a surgeon, from operation on syphilitic
necrosis. See also Knight, Sturgis, and Tavlijk,
BnrcAii. Paris. H&p. St. Laiare. (Interne).
Clerc, TraitiS pratique des mal. ven., iati6.
Statistics; 19 eitra-gunital chancres among 1 13 cases.
Buret, F. Paris.
Joum. des mal. cutan. ct syph. Vol. III., iStji, p. fi4(i.
1) Two cases, chancre of lip, mistaken for epithelioma, from Soler y
BuscALLA "ejtposicion de varios casos de sifilis, Barcelona." 1890,
a) Case, chancre of eye, in a surgeon, after handling a syphilitic.
Weekly Med. Review. Feb. m, iRga, p. 144.
3) Case, chancre of back in a physician, who, when partly dressed from
a bath, examined a friend with a chancre; he inoculated himself by
scratching a pimple.
BnrcesiuB. {See BniiRCEois).
Bnrlet. Lyon. Hosp. Antiquaille. (Interne). [See Rollft).
Bttrow, J, KOnigabere. Prof, of Laryngology.
Uonatsh. f. Ohrenheilk.. etc.. iSBs. No, 5. pp. ii.;-i3a.
Small epidemic, six taaes, Eustachian infection, traced to one physician.
(See Epidemics).
BnrtseS; P. A.
Meditz. Pribav. K'Moskomii SbomikU. July, iSSij, p. f>6. (Britisih Joum.
of Dermatology, Nov., iSSrj, p, 451).
Case, chancre back of hand from washing a sypliilitiL p.ilii'ut.
BnTT.
Medico-chirurg. Review, London, i32cj. Vol. 11.. ]i. 4114.
Case, chancre of nipple, nurse from nursling.
Borzew, P. (See BCxrr.cn').
Bnsh, J. F, Bost.m. Citv Dispensary.
New York Mud. Joum'., V..1. X.X.^^II.. iSSo, p. 2r,S.
Case, chancre of lip, from ki'-sing.
Bnzeoet, J. J. A. Pari^i. H6p. du Midi. (Interne). Sen-ice of Ricobd.
"Chancre de la bouclie," These ilc Paris. ii;8.
i) Twcntv-one cases, chancre of lip. source either from abnormal tuitus,
or undetermined.
j64 SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
i) Case, chancre of tongue, from a bite. (Obs. II.}.
3) Two other cases, chancre of tongue, one from unnatural exposure,
the other undetermined.
Byrne, T. Dublin. Lock Hospital.
■■ Report of Army and Na\'y Commission," etc., London, 1SC17, p. 484.
Case, nufise infected by nursling.
Caby, E. Paris. Hop, St. Laiare. (Interne).
FuLKMER, " Etude sur la chancre cephat.," 1S5S.
Seven cuscs of cephalic chancre, included in Pol'rnier's statistics.
Caillaud, A. L.
■■ Des accid. syph. cons&:. i la vaccin., etc" Th^se de Paris, 1863"
(FoL'iiMEK, '■ Lemons sur la syph. vacc," Paris, 1889, foot note p, 144).
Cairns. Edinburgh,
" On the dangers oE obstetricians, etc." Edinburgh Med, Jonm., April,
1S75, p. 8B7-
Case, chancre of finger, in a medical man, professionally inoculated.
Calderini, A. Milan. Oitped. Maggiore.
" Prospetto clinicii sopra la mulal. vencr.," Milan, 1535 (Schmidt's Jabrb.).
Statistics, of between loou and iiou patients, thirty- one were mfected
through unclean linen.
Calmette.
Case, chancre of tonsil, from u soiled pencil (sec Morel-La vallEe*).
Calvo. Pari.s.
Fmlkmkh, " £tude sur lii chancre cephalique," iSjS.
Case, chancre of the lip.
Cambieri.
Malattia di Scherlievo. Gidrn. di med. prat.; compilato dal Prof. Breda,
Padova, 181a, Hept.-Ocl., Faac, V., p. iijy. (Annali universal! di
med,, Ni«. 34, 3s, yiy. i~,y,.*
First writer upon Scherlievo.
Campana, R. Genoa. Clinico Dermo-Sifilopatica.
"Sililiile c sifililichc iii uno iriennio di ciinica," iSSa.
I) Seven cases, chancre of breast, in nurses (p. 37).
1) Case, chancre In n midwife (case of Maveh) (p. 38).
3) Case, thancrt; of ihe buccal cavity, from cigar-slumps (case of Tan-
•JUKRl)(p. 3^).
Campart. Paris. Hop. d. Quin?.f-Vingt, Kve Clinic.
Bulletin d. I. clini(|ae nai. ophtlial. d. i'Hiisp. d. Quinze-Vingts. VoL
II., I1S4.
I) Ca>.c. cimtiCTO left upper eyelid, malf aged n, source unknown, (p. S7).
aj Citse. chancre inner angle riglit eye, midwife, prufcssional exposure
female ugiKl 21;, (p. S?),
3) Case, ehttiiiTC right npper evelid, female aged 33, (p. By).
Bnlletin d. I- clinique nat. ophthal. d. I'Hosp. d, Quiazu-Vingts. VoU
HL, 1?*=.
4^ Ciise, etinncreleft lower eyelid, malea^d 20, source unknown, (p. 48).
5I Case, chancre lult lower eyelid, male aged 35, from a liile, (p. 49).
Campbell, J. EdmbuTgh.
London and lidinburgh MeO. Journ., 1S44, p. 515.
Ca«;, chancre, nui-shng infects nurse.
Canetta. Coliigne,
Kuln.cenir. Blall, 1S47, Xo. i/i. (Prag. Vicrtelj., \%i,9).
Epidemic from breast-dramng, thirty-two nurses infc-cted. (See Epidemics).
Cantilona.
Cited bv DEvrARi.in, L'impamak-, isijS, Sepi. i. i,-\nnal. dc Derm, et do
Syph., lioy, I, p. 15SJ.
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 265
Epidemic of lactation syphilis, at Astragal and Calibers. (See Epi-
demics).
Ckpnron, J. Paris.
" Aphrodisiographie," 1S07. (Clerc "TraitepraL des mal. ven.'' Paris,
1866, p. uq).
i) Three cases, chancres, nurses infected by nurslings (pp, 376-291).
a) Case, chancre, child infected by the nurse (p. 290).
3) Case, chancre of lip, in a nursling from kissing (p. 276).
4) Case, chancre of lip. in a girl, by forced kissing (p, 113).
CHnulec, T. Brest.
Bullet, g^n. de therap, Dec., 1S51, t. 41, p. 505.
Cose, chancre, nursling infects nurse (published by Debout).
CKnunitti, A. Bologna. (Prof. Gamurhim's Clinic).
Giom. ital. d. mal. ven, etc., 18S3, p. lag.
t) Four cases, chancre of lip.
a) Case, chancre, naso-labial fold.
3) Case, chancre of cheek, toward ear, woman of 35 years.
Carle. Lyons.
Lyon m&i.. 1S78, p. 417.
Case, chancre, nursling infects nurse.
Culeton, P. M. Surgeon U. S. Army.
British Med Journ.. :a87, No. 12, p. 1371)-
Case. double chancre of forearm, Infected by the saliva of a tattooer
with tertiary syphilis.
Cure, M. Avignon.
Gaz. med. de Lyon, i366. No. ■,,
Case, chancre developing in a razor cut.
Carreras y Arago, L.
Revista r!e med. y cirurg. prac't. Madrid, 1878, IL. p. 241-246.
Case, chancre inner angle right eye, new-bom child.
Carriere, G. Montpellier.
Gai. hebdnm. d. Montpellier, July 14. i33S, p. 327.
Case, chancre of thumb from a bite.
" On certain Endemic Skin and other diseases of India
and hot climates generally, including notes
Caneutica, and Aleppo Evil." London, j
Carter, R. B. London.
Med. Times and Gazette. London, May 23, iS()3, L, pp. 532-605.
Case, chancre, vaccino-syphdis.
Caspaiy, A. Konigsberg.
Article in refutation of the stiitements of Gi,-i;n7.iierij, Vienna Foi
Hospital, that syphilis neonatt
Berlin klin. Wochcnschr, 1S75, ]
Casaldj, J. J. Toronto.
New York Med. Record, Jan. sgth, 1SS7, p. 125.
Two cases, chancre of hp, in young women, from their fiances.
Ca>tel, du. Paris.
Annales de Derm, et de Syph., iSiji, p. 404.
i) Case, multiple chancres on arms, followini; treatment for scat
Model in Musee de I'Hop. St. Louis, (Annaliis dt Uenn. el de
VoLTlI., Aug.. i9q2, p. v4'0.
aj Chancre of right thumb.
j66 SYPHILIS msoNTlUM
Cftstelnau, H. de. Paris, H6p. St. Louis.
"L'observ. et interpret, des fails en syphiliogr." Cazenave's Annates des
mal. dc la peail, I. 1., p. ti.
Case, infant infects its g^and-mother and aunt, who tended and hand-
fed it. (See Robert, A).
Castelo.
keviataesp. de obtalmol. syph.. etc., Madrid, 1880, I,, p. mj.
Case, chancre of right upper eyelid.
Cataneus, Jacob de.
Trat. dt tnorbri gallico, 1505. Also LuisiNt's " De morbo gall." Lugd.
Bat., 172S (BouciiUT, " Malad. des nouveau-nfo, 5th ed., [S67, p. 1056),
In :5i3 Cataneus said: "1 have seen many nursing infants infect their
Caubotte. Paris.
'■Ofeen-. sur la contagion des maux vfiniriens," Journ. de nied.de
chirurg. et de pharm. , 1781, LV., p. 327.
Ca.ses of syphilis insonlium (original article inaccessible).
CaudeloD, I. F. Paul.
■' Des diff. modes de transm. de la syph. chez le iiouveau-n£." Thtse de
Paris, 135J, p. 28*.
Cavazzani.
La Kiforma mcd, Jan. i8gi, p. ;7i. (Annalesdc Derm, et de Syph., i8gi,
1) Case, chancre, anterior pillar of fauces.
2) Case, chancre of finger, in a physician, 50 years of age. after
operation on sj-philitic.
Cayla, A. Pans. Hfip. Cochin, service of Moutako-Martin.
La France mtdicale, 1881, II., p. 532.
1) Case, chancre of lip.
"Deux observ. de I'arthrite syphil. second." Annales de Derm, etde
Syph., Paris. 1SS7, p. 341,
2) dasc, , ■
■, chancre of gtim. source unknown (service of Fournier).
Ji 1"'. .: ■ ■ 'f BlETT)(pp, io8. log, 4S6).
2) '1 «•■ I ..ii[ slings (pp. no, a8i).
31 'i\v ■^ I .:.: >.:^>.\ -.n operations (pp. Si, 4ql).
4) Tw. I .. . iLiLLiLd in obstetrical practice (pp. 81, iia),
5) Cis, , ■ .- i in iih,tftrical practice (Biktt) {p. 49a).
6) C^isi , . '■' ni t'aiiccK. woman from husband (p. 386].
;} Ca-i,-. !;.!■ ■ ■ :. ■ . ■-iiLjiun; with syphilitics (cases observed by
LAONtAr, Li. > uidBii..iD(p. 385).
ej Epidemic, ^n s . . . > .urlatan bleeding with lancet cleansed
with saliva (1 1 ■■■ 1
Annales des mal. .1^ ,., |.. ,, , ■. . „ Syph,, Vo!. III., 1850-1. p. aBj.
9) a. Nurse, inCui^L^n L, iil:!.-,]!:;;,; b. She infects a second nursling;
c This child in!ci;Ls lis iiiuiher; and also i/. Infects her sister, aged
3 years.
Revue de md-d. de Paris, 1852, p, 409.
10) Case, nurse infected by nurshng.
{Cited by Diiiav, " Infantile Syphdis." Sydenh. edit.. 1S59, p. 179),
11) Suspected exception to Colics' law ; mother, ulcers on :iipples after
nursing her own syphilitic child; father syphilitic.
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY Jo;
Cederskjold, P. G.
L'ldrag ur Sammandrag of Beritttelser infran IiSkame i hela Riket am
veneriska Sjukdomen dess Forfindringar och urarter. Stoclcholm,
1813.* (Quoted by BoECK, " Traite d. L Radeayge/'iBdo, p, 44}.
A Btudy of Radesyge.
Cehak, F.
Verhandl. der Wicn. Derm. Geaell.. Sitz., Mar. 11. 1891. Archiv f. Derm,
u, Syph. Vol. XXIII.. iSqi. p. 821).
Three cases, chancre of lip, two of upper and one of lower.
cenu.
Cases reported by STfiURME. q. v., pp. 45-47.
1) Three cases, chancre of lip, one in a woman, from husband,
a) Case, chancre, miicosu of cheek.
Cerui, F. Rome.
'■Communication of syphilis by the milk." Giorn. Med. di Roma, 1866,
(Giorn. ital. d. maf. ven., etc., 1S&6, II.. p, 47).
1) Case, nurse in florid syphilis, infects two nurslings, as author con-
tends, through her milk (p, 47, Obs. I. and II).
3) Case, mother receatly infected, her nursling gets the disease.
(Obs. III).
3) Case of Bki'nei.li's, same nature as foregoing.
Lo Sperimentale, 1877, XL., 117.
Same subject as above.
Cerioli, G. Cremona,
Annali oniversab di raejl,, Milan, 1624 t. XIX. (De la syph.-vaccin.
L'Acad. de m&I., Paris, iSbj. p. !")■
i) Epidemic of vacci no-syphilis at Cremona. iSsi. (See Epidemics).
'• Delia possibilita di commun. la siai. col. meizo di vaccin," 1946. (De
la syph. vaccin. L'Acad. de med., Paris, 1S65, p. 2ai.
2) Epidemic of vaccino-yphilis at Grumello, 1841. (See Epidemics and
also MARCdLfNi and Tassam).
Gazette mM.de Milan. Oct.. 1843.* (Quoted by Petit, "Trans, d, laByph.
par la vaccin.," 1SO7 p. 10).
3) Vacci ao-syph ills.
Cerisi, L,
"Syph. commun. par la vacc." L'union mM.. Paris. 1S61. No. 134,
p. 15')-
" Nouveaux reseignm. sur Its accid. de prop. syph. par la vacc a
Rivalta." L'union mM. Paris, i86z, No. 11, p. 322, and Gaz. hebdom,
Paris, 1862, No. 16.
Accounts of the vaccino-syphilitic epidemic at Rivalto, reported folly
PACCHlOTTr, q. V.
ChaboDz, F. Paris.
These de Paris, 1875, 01>s. XIII.
1) Case, chancre, nurse from nurshng.
a) Case, weanling from preceding, its mother, infected per os, through
pre -mastication ot its food.
Chabrclf, B. Bordeaux.
Journ. de med. de Bordeaux. Jan., 1855, 2d Series, IV., pp. 19-31.
Two cases, nurses affected by nurslings.
Chad«7nskt. Lembourg. Galizia.
(RiKAT, '■ Manuel des mal. vener.," P.iris, 1S82).
Case, nurse infected by nursling, acquires multiple thancre of the breast
and areola (p. 310).
CluuntHij, E. Pans.
"Gaz, des HGp.," Paris. 1^65, No. 17;, p. 4;.
Case, child infected by its mother.
268 SYPHJLIS INSOiVTIUM
Charayron, C. Paris.
Thbstdi: Paris, 1877. p. 11.
Case, child infected at age of a months (service of E. Vidal).
Charlouis.
Viertelj. f. Derm. u. Syph., iSSi. p. 431.
On "Yaws."
Charpentier. Brussels. (Prof. Tiitrv).
La Presse med. Beige.. Bruxelles, 1S68, XX., 14.
Two cases, nurslings infected by nurses.
Charridre. Paris.
Archiv. pSn. de med., i9f)2, t. 11,, p. 327 (cited by Fournier, "Syph.et
Manage," (p. 3.)).
Case, two-year-old child, infected per os, from father, kissing;.
Chartier. Paris. Hiip. St. Louis. (Interne). Service of FouRNniL.
Published In Mokim's These dc Paris, iaS8, p. 87.
Case, chancre of lip, at commissure.
Chassagnjr, M.
" Ho 111 prophvlaxic de la contag. des accid. prim, et second, de la BTphflis
chtz Its mivriers Sonffleurs de Verre." Gaz. hebdom. de m6d. et do
chir., Paris, iS6a, IX., p. 793.
Review of subject of glass-blowers' syphilis, no cases.
Chassaignac. Paris. H^ip. St. Atitoine, Surgeoi:.
Bull, de TAcnd. de med. de Paris, tSfrj, XXXIV., p. 783. Also (Trans.
London Obstetrical Stwiety, Vol. V., p. njb).
Case, three chancres of arm, in two-year-okl child, from v
Chaumier, E. Tours.
Le Poiton mfidical, iSiji, Nn. c. p. io(.
Case, chancre of anus, iiii.nr 17 n\'\-. '.'.••\n 'ipunge.
Chauvet, C. Paris. Univi.-r-.ii\ !■ ■ \ ■..■■,
■■Sur l'influenccdelasy|.li''i ■■.,■^>■• du systd-m.
trale." Thcst d'agyrcu^ii .;■. "f.t-.- . :••■■
Case, chancre of rLp(Pki>i m, H\i.i.M, Lariboisifere, 1S79) (p. 64).
Cheadle. London. St. Mary's Hospital.
(Cited by Jli.i.iks, from Lyon niedicale, 1872, I., p. 409).
t) Case. ViicciiKi-syphilis.
"'"'"" " ■■' ■ ir tertiary syphilis in children," British Med. Joi
London. iS
no, I,,iJ, KM. ■
■'
2) Case, infection in child.
Chi
:micade, G. Km
nlcaiis. H.-.p. St.
n, cldeSvpfi.. 18
Jean. (Interne
AnnalL-S'le 1 Uti
8S, V.,1. IX., p. 5.15.
■re „f right lateral
cervical region,
from rauor cut
v. iS8^). XLVIII,,
Xo. <)3, p. 157-
Jl C;i-..'. 1.I1.1IU
-ru of breast, nurs
efroni nursling.
del Chiappa. G. B,
Pisa. Assistant
til the Skin and Venereal Clinic.
■■11 prim., tricn
Ptcif. CK1.S"
ni.i dellii diiilca
Ilermci-sililopat
ica di Pisa, direlta d&I
PKt,I.I//.AKl." Mil;
]. ital. d. nial. ven., etc..
1889, p. 13,,)
I) Three case
s chancre of the
breast and one
of the chin, observed
in the clinic
during the \-vars.
iShs-it-7 ip. 10).
In all, eight women
wwu seen
who had acquired
, syphilis from ii
ifants whom they were
nursing; of
the children, foi
I'atc families, and four
foundlings (p. i.^).
Report of case;
i tre.ited in the
Dcrmo-syph. CI
inic in Pisa, in iflSo.
Riforma m<
;.!., Xov,, i(i,|i. (Moiiulsir. " f. pn
ikt. Derm. Bd. XIV..
No, 8. p -r-:
•-1
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 269
3) Case, chancre upper lip.
3) Case, chatitre lower lip.
4) Multipli! chancre of forehead, lower eyelid, and chin.
Chiari, O. Vienna. Prof, of Pathological Anatomy.
"Laryngoscop. Befund bci d. Friihform. d. Syph." Archiv f. Derm,
u. Syph., 1SB2.
1) Case, chancre of lip, no mention of origin (p. 4<)rj),
3) Case, uE SaMMEHKROuT'^, chancre of lip (p. 500).
Chipier, Paris. H6p. du Midi. (Interne),
(RiZAT, "Manuel prat d. nial. ven." Paris, i83s).
Case, SiMoNET's, H6p. du Midi., chancre of nuchal region, from direct
exposure in carrying a person (p. 346).
Chisholm, J. Baltimore.
Maryland Med. Joum., June, iSSa, ji. Si.
Case, chancre of lower lip, in a yoimg girl, from a kiss.
Chochlow.
(Seen in clinic of Dr. Mauhiac.) Vratsch., 1S81, No. 35, 43.
i) Case, chancre of cheek, from razor cut.
i.) Case, chancre of index linger, Icfi hand, frum blow on the teeth of
ail assailant who had syphiH.s.
Chrestien, H. Montpellier. Prof, r.f Therapy.
(These cases cited by Legrami, " Ue lor et du mercure," probably from
"La methode iatrohptique," 1811).
i) Case, of Niel's, nursling infects two nurses (Lecranu. Obs. 129).
i) Case, of M£nak[j's, woman infected in pregnancy; new-born child
infects nurse; mother infects her next youngest (Obs. :7B-iSo|.
3) Case, of SiuoKeau, chancre of tongue, from kiting (Obs. 377),
4) Case, of Sarda, chancre of lips (Obs. 391).
5) Case, of Dalmas, nursling infects nurse (Obs. 403).
Christie, lamea.
McCall Anderson's Treatise on Di.seases of the Skin. London, 18S7, pp.
885, 393- ,
" Delhi boil, ' " Frambnesia.' etc.
ChndnoBki. Tiais.
Proceedings Med. Soc. ot the Caucasus (London Lancet, 1SB6, II., p. g38).
Case, chancre of chin, developing in a razor cut.
Cburchilt. London, Westminister Dispensary.
Medical Times and Gai., 1S73, I.. lOo, n/>.
Case, chancre of thumb, in a medical student, frum palpation of sores.
Case, chancre of eyelid, etiology nuknown.
Clarke, A. London. Middlesex Hospital, Surgeon.
Lancet. London, 1S73, Aug. 2, p. 153.
Case, nurse infected by nursling, chancre left nipple.
Clarke, B. London. St, Bartholomew's Hospital.
Lancet, London, i382, II., p. 702.
Case, chancre of lip.
CUrr and Gubit>
Bull de I'Acad. imp. do med,, 1866-7, p. io39. (Cited by Fournizk,
" Syphilis Vaccinale," 1689,0. 2lg).
1) Epidemic of vaccino-syphihs at CardeiUac, iSMi: Of 22 vaccinated
from one child. 13 acquired syphilis. (See Epidemics),
a) Two cases, chancre of the breast, from above children, one in child s
mother and one in a wet-nurse.
270 SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
Claude,
■■ Etude sur la syphilis du sein." These de Paris, 1886. (AnnaU de Derm.
et de Syph., r8S6, p. 774).
Case, chancre o£ breast, in 6 5 -year-old woman, removed as an
epithelioma.
Clement. Frankfurt.
Deutsche Klinik, 1853, p. 157,
Case, of vacci no-syphilis.
C lament. Lyons.
Gaz. med. de Lyon, 1865 (XVII), p. 53S,
Case, chancre of the cheek.
Clements, B. A. United Stales Army Service, Surgeon.
Amer. Joum. Med. Sciences, 1B61, vol. XLII., p. 40.
Case, chancre oE lip, husband infects wife by a tooth-wotind.
Clerc, F. F. Paris. Hfip. St. Lazare.
Traitfi des mal. vfin^r., Paris, 1866.
i) Statistics, St. Lazare; in iij chancres, iq extra-genital; lip 11, nose
3, forehead 3, tongue :, fauces 1, neck i (collected by Bl'real'x).
a) Disp. de sahib, publ. : among 403 chancres, 7 extra-genital; lips,
tongue I, cyehd 1.
3) Personal cases, in ai years, about 50 cKtra-genital ; lip 30, eyelids 3,
tongue z, chin 2, cheek i, gum i, fauces 1, septum nasi i. scrotum 1
(from wearing apparel).
Clerici, G. Milan. Osp. St. Catarinn, Director.
Annal. univer. di med., Feb., iSS?, July, Aug., SepL, 1856 (Schmidt's
Jahrb.).
Twenty-seven nurses infected by nursing, in Osp., 1854.
Clerval. Paris. Hop. Quinze-Vingt.
Bull. d. 1. din. nat. (.phthal. d. Hop., 2— V., 1887, V., 90,
Case, chancre of eyelid.
Cline. Montreal.
Canada Med. and Surg. Jnurn., Aug., 1S75.
(Report of case of FtNWRK, ij. v.)
Case, vhanure of eyelid.
Closa.
"Chancro sililitico del horde librc del parpiido"— Oftalmol. prdt— Madrid.
ISS2-3, i., p. I5'-1S3.*
Case, chancrt- of the eyelid.
Closmadeuc, G. and Denis. Auray. Dep. of Morbihan.
DtiAM, HulUlelAcad. du med., XXXII., p- 1059, and"Examen. crit.
dfsilijcum. rul. il I'epideinie de svph, vac d' Auray," 1866, Paris, 1B71
(F..i«MKKi, "Syph. vaccin.," p.'22i).
Epidemic of \ acci no-syphilis at Auray.
Clossius, C. F. Tiibingen.
" L'chcr die Lustseuche," 2d ed., ii<ji).
\) On p. 4r elsiq. arc found many references to Albinos, SOmmerikc
and others.
I) Case, moculation by the finger used to raise a fallen uvula (p. 49).
Clowes, Wm. London. Si. Bartholomew's ; Surgeon to the King.
" New and approved Treatise concerning the cure of the French Polces,"
157;-
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY a?!
Cochez. Paris. Hop. Cochin (Service of Despres). (Interne).
Paris m&]icale, i9So, No. 78, also cited in Guignard's These de Paris.
Two cases, chancre of chin, each ia site of razor wound: one a triple,
the other a double chancre.
Cochnn, A. W.
Notes on the measures adopted by Government between 1775 and 1786
to check the St. Paul's Bay disease. Traas. LiL and Hist. Soc.
Quebec. 1S54. IV.. 139-148".
Coesfeld.
Deutsch. tried. Wochenschr. Berlin, (8S4, X., (p. 404).
Case, chancre of tip of right index finger.
Cohansen, S. E. E. Treves. Univ. Prof, of Medicine.
■■Lues venerea per mantis obstet. propagata." Acta Nat Cur., 1744,
VII., 251 (GlUTANNEK. No. 987).
Epidemic of obstetrical propagation of syphilis.
Cohen, t. Solis. Philadelphia.
■■ Diseases of Throat and Nose.'" Phila,. 1879, ad ed.
Case of Eustachian -catheter infection, ending fatally (p. 19).
Cohn, H. Breslau. University Professor of Ophthalmology.
ScHinERT, "Syphiht. Augenkrank." Berlin, iSHi, p. 82.
Case, midwife infected in delivery.
Cold.
Ugeskrift for Laeger, 1851), No. 24.
1) Family epidemic, involving three itifanis and four adults, one of
2) Old woman, infected by chewing food of infant.
CoUe, J. Padua. University Prof, of Medicine.
■' Notitia et medela singularis adversus Neotericos, de morlx) Gallico , . .
eiejussympt" Venetiis, i&aS.
Case, one uf the Luunts of Fano, supposed to have been infected by his
brother, from sleeping in same bed during [lis illness.
CollcB, Abr. Dublin.
" Practical observations on the Venereal disease, and on the use of mer-
cury." London, 1837.
1) Case, medical man infects his betrothed, by kissing (p. 13).
3) Case, nurse infected by nursling, infects her own infant (p. 271),
3) Case, servant girl, aged 13. from infant,
4) Family epidemic, five infected, four chancres of lip. one of breast
(p. 194).
5) Surgeon infects several parturient women, from secondary sore on
finger, excited by trauma, (p. 14). (Healev).
Dublin Med. Press, Oct.. 1844. (Annales de mal, de la peau, 1845, pp.
aaa. 30B)-
6) Case, infection of child from sleeping with a syphilitic woman.
7) Case, infection, nurse from above child,
8) Infection of several women from a syphilitic accoucheur, (p. 308)
(probably same as 5).
Collier, S. R. Wimbledon, England.
Bntish Medical Journal, 18S1), 1.. p. 1114.
Two cases, mother and sister, aged 12, infected by a syphilitic woman,
or her chUd.
Colorabtni, P.
Del sifiloma inisiale dell amigdale. Riform. med., 1S92, 50, 51.* (Archiv
f. Derm. u. Syph., Vol. XXIV., iS.ji. p Oi^ij.
Conte, E.
II Progreso medico. Dec. t, 1889.
Case, chancre of the lip, from cigarette. lighted by a syphilitic.
372 SYPHIUS INSONTJUM
Cooke, T. W. London. Westminister Hospital.
Lancet. Aug., 1B57 (also Mason, q. v., Obs. 11),
1) Case, chancre of lip.
Med. Times and Gai.. i860, L, p. 563.
3) Case, boy, 7 years, infected by mother, who occupied same bed.
Cooper, A. London, Surgeon "Westminster General Dispensary.
" Note on extra-genital contagion." Lancet, 1890, 11., p. B66.
i) Case, chancre ala; nasi, girl io years old, no history of contagion.
2) Case, chancre right nipple, child 2_5^ years old,
3) Case, chancre left side of tongne, man aS years old.
4) Case, chancre of hypogastrium ; no exposure for 7 months; had
scratched himself there when in public bath, two weeks previously.
5) Case, chancre of chin; alleged re-infection; Syphilis seven years
previously.
6) Case, chancre of lip, from drinking beer after companion with
mucous patches.
Cooper, I. Foster,
Uuy s Hosp. Reports, London, 1872, 3d series, XVIL, p. 257.
Case, chancre upper eyelid, in m^e of lo years.
Cooper, S. London. University Hospital.
■■ Lectures on Syphilis " (Behrend's STOhilido!., L, 1839, p. 3SS).
Ca^, chancre of finger, in a medical man, professionally exposed.
Coote, H. London. St. Bartholomew's Hospital.
A report treatment of syphilis, London, 1857.
1) Case, infant infected from nurse (p. 13s).
5) Case, girl, aged twelve, infected from kissing sister, hereditary
Report, Army and Navy Commission on Venereal Disease. London,
1S67.
3) Case (Ci)OTE, himselO, inoculated, right middle linger, opening b bnbo
(p. 343)-
4) Case, own re-infection, twenty years later, left forefinger (p. 343).
Clin. Soc. Transactions (Lancet, is'oi, 1., p. sSS).
5) Case, chancre upper lip.
Corcelet. C.rebnble,
(See DioAY, "De la reinfection syphilitique," 1S62, p. 17).
Case chancre of the lower lip,
Cordier. Lyons, Hosp. del'Anliquaille, Snrgeon.
Cases re]>orted bv St'ii kmk, q. v., pp, 7i-7fi.
Cases, chancre of the lip 7; of tonsil 3; of gums 1 ; per os, locality not
given, 1, Total iz,
CoroariuB, J. Frankfurt. Univ., Prof, of Medicine (at Jena and Marbacb).
■' Libt-r Tonsil, med seq. cibserv. med," Lipsia;, 1595. (Gruner's,
" Dc murbo (lallico seriplores," p. 25a).
Cuse, inoculation by wet-cupping, chancre in situ, observed before 1558.
Corrigan. Dublin, Physician to the Charitable Infirmary,
London Med. and Surgical Jourti,, 1S35, VII., p, 715.
Clitiic;il Itcturt on a case of ■■ button scurvy," said to have been acquired
by sleeping with a man with syphilis,
Cory, R,
Reported hy HurrniNsoN" (see also Foi'Hntf.r, "Svph. vaccinale" (p. 15),
(fuot-note), inoculated himself, after three unsuccessful attempte,witli
syphilis, with vaccine lymph from syphilitic child.
Costs, Berlin.
'■ Observations pratiques sur Ics malad, vcrer.," Berlin, 1760,
Case, chancre of rectum, from introduction of an mfeqted finger.
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY '73
Coat^. Paris.
Gazette d, IIGpitaux, Dec ii and 16, 1B73.
Three cases of vacci no-syphilis.
Conner. London. London Hospital.
Lancet, London, :S7o, II., p. 603.
Case, chancre of lip.
Coutagne, £. Lyons.
Gai. med. de Lyon, Mar, i. i966.
Case of Eustachian infection; probable chancre of both tonsils.
Coyttarua, I. Paris.
"De iebre purpur. epidem." Parisiia, 1578, cp. III.
I) Case, servant, infected through cast-off clr^thing of a syphilitic person.
(pp. sB, 29).
3) Case, chancre of thumb in her sister.
CoizoUno, V.
I) ''Sifilosi delle lonsille." BoUett. d. clin., Milano, i838. V. pp. 97-107. *
Riv. elin. dell. University di NapuU, iBSij, i-a. {Archiv f. Derm. u. Syph.
Vol. XXI.. 18S1), p. sqS).
3) Chancres of the nose, mostly from unclean instruments, especially
from Eustachian catheterization. (No cases given).
Craigte, D. Edinburgh.
Elements of the pract. of phys., Edinb., 1B37, 1., G63-7a(i.
Treats of Sibbens. Yaws, Radesyge, etc.
Crawford, C. H.
Medical Times and Gazette, London, 1873, I., p. 531.
Case, vacci no-syphilis.
Creighton, C.
The natural history of cow-pox and vaccinal syphilis, London. 1387.
Crippi, H. London. St. Bartholomew f..
" Proc. Med. Soc. of London," Jan. 24, 1887. British Med, Jouru., 1887,
I., p. 211.
i) Statistical, in [886; saw 14 chancres in unusual sites,
a) Case, chancre of eyelid, ime of above, a 7o-year-old lady, from her
grand -child.
Briti^ Med. Jnum., Apr. 16, iBg:, p. 815.
3) Case, chancre face, between lip and chin, in middle aged man, from
Critchett. London, Moorfield's Eye Infirmary.
Med, Times and Gazette. London, Sept. 1857, p. s"*.
Case, chancre lower eyelid.
Cnllerier, Aug^uste (1805-1874), son of F. A. G. Paris. H6p. Midi and
Lourcme.
" Mem. silr la contng. syph. entre 1. nour. et 1. nourrissons." Paris, 1S54.
(Also L'uni.m mid.. 1B54, pp. 459. 4('3- 47').
i) Case of syphilis alleged to have been contracted from nursing.
"Priciii. iconograph. des mul. veniSr." Paris, 1862-1S66 (Bumstkah's
transl., Phila., 1B6B).
aj Case, chancre of vulva, frim mfither. bj^ use of same sponge (p. 43].
3) Two cases, chancre of eyelid (plate 41, figures 2 and 3).
4) Case, chancre of eyelid (seen by Mackenzie in C.'s clinic).
5) Case, chancre of tonsil (reported bv Lk GENriKE, from notes by
Mabtei.).
6) Case, chancre of lip, in medical student, from infected lead-pencil
(p. 48)-
7) Case, chancre of lip.
8) Case, chancre of lip, from drinking-glas
(See Bevras-, Blc(jlov and Mai
274 SYPllIUS INSONTIUM
CuUerler, F. A. G. (1781-1641), nephew of Michael Culleriek, Paris, Hfif
des Ven6riens, Surgeon -in -Chief,
See LircAs-CHAMfioNNitKE, who published C's cases in his " Traite, etc
1836.
Cutlerier, Michel (oncle, 1758-1827). Paris, Hflp. des VinSrieoB, Surgeon-ii
Chief.
Journ. gen. de med. de chirurg., et de pharra., 1816
hyKoussRL: " De la sj-ph. tertiare, Paris, 1881,
1) Case, chancre, nurse irom nursling (1797).
a) Case, chancre of lip, from an attendant, through kissing or bathing
with saliva { 1 81(1), (p. 33).
. Reported by Cazenave.
3) Case, chancre of lip, from kissing.
Also see Renard, L(iCAs-CHAMPTONN[fiRF.(" Traite," etc., 1836), Didav, etc.,
(Dictionnaire des Sci. mi5d. par une Soc. de m&l. et chir. Paris,
.9.3, IV.).
4) Ca-se, chancre external auditory meatus (p. 516).
5) Case, chancre of pharynx with necrosis of vcrtebree (p. 537).
6) Case, chancre on thyroid cartilage (p. 528).
Cunter, F. Brussels. Founder of the Annales d'oculistlque.
"Recherchea stat 9ur les mal. ocul. ." Annales d'ocol.
1) Ca.*^ of Brever, chancre of eyelid in child 3}^ years old, received
from caresses of a woman (t. iv., p. 238).
3) Case of Hairion, q. v., chancre of eyelid.
3) Case, chancre of eyelid in a 1 7-year-old woman (t. XVI., p. 166).
4) Case, chancre of eyelid in iafantfrom kiss of prostitute withachancro
of the lip (t. XVI., p. 20S).
Cusack, J. DubUn. Lock Hospital, Surgeon.
Dublin Quart. Jjourn., 1B46, p, 337 (also Cou.es "Treatise," 1B37, p, a73y.
1) Family epidemic,
ii) Case, chancre of breast, from nnrsling,
b) Case, infant infected by wet-nurse.
1-) Case, cliild infected per os, from mother.
d) Case, child infected per os, from mother.
!■) Case, servant-maid, infected per os.
s) Case, chancre, peri-anal, i8-months child, infected by n
'1^
2)Cas . .., _ ___
3) Case, chancre of thumb, from carrying a syphiUlic child.
4) Case, infection through bedding of atSve child.
Cutter, J. C. Philadelphia.
Phifa. -■■"•■
Med. Times. 1879-Bo, X., p. zgg.
i,ase, chancre mthin nostril.
Dabry, P.
La medicine chez Ics Chinois, Paris, 1S63, p. sfi-t,.
Syphilis among the Chinese. " Yang-Mey-Tchonang-"
Daehne, J. G. Leipzig.
■■ Osservachione pratiche sopra il mat vencree." German edition.
Wien. I7gi (notes by Cir]].u>).
Case, chancre of lip, from holding infected quill-pen in mouth (p. q).
Daguerre.
(Cited by Cazen'ave, q. v., without references).
Group of cases, infected by venesection, scalpel cleansed with operator's.
Dall'Acqua.
Epidemic of vnccino-syphilis (see Gkancivi and Dall'Acqua).
Dalmas. Montpcllier. University Professor.
Observation in Ckbkstien, q. v. and Legrand. (Obs. 403)-
Case, nursling, congeuitally syphilitic, infects nurse.
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY a;;
Duiielssen, D. C. Bergen. Commun Hospital.
'■ Svpliilisation anvendt mod Syphilis og Spedalsked." Bergen. 1858.
1) Cabe, chancre, woman infected by nursling; later, own child receive
disease Cp. 47-5o).
a) Case, recent syphilis in child of 6 years; parents syphilitic a yea
before (p. 50).
3) Case, recent syphilis in a young woman, assigned to infected beddinj
Cp.50).
4) Case, recent syphilis in young woman; in service where the peapl
were syphUitic fp- 5:)-
5) Case, probable chancre al tonsil in an old woman who had been tostei
iag an infant (p. 57).
6) Case, infant who infected preceding and had received chancre
mouth from a midwife who first fed him (p. 58).
7) Case, chancre of nipple, wet-nurse of preceding fp. sy).
S) Case, recent syphilis, in servant, began m throat; her mistres
syphilitic (p. bi).
9) Case, recent syphilis in i-year-old infant ; mother same (p. 63).
Oanyon. Paris.
Case, Eustachian infection (see Buciji'oy' also Cullemeb).
Dardel, A. Aii-lcs-Bains.
(SlatislicB (personal) of Clehl-, q. v., ■■Traite etc., i865; p. 104).
Case, chancre of eyelid.
Davis, C. E. Chicago.
Chicago Med. Joum. and Examiner. 1876; p. 440.
Case, nurse infected by kissing her nursling.
Dawoslcy. Dresden.
"Mitlheilungen aus der Syphilis Praxis." Memorabihen. Heilbronr
1876. No. 10.
I) Case, chancre of finger in a midwife (p. 435).
s) Two cases, syphilis irom the same midwife above mentioned (p. 433
DeAmicis, T. Naples. University, Prof, of Dermatology and Syphilis,
li moveraento med. chirurg.. 1877 [IX.), No. 33.
i) Case, nurse infected by nursling, infects
a) Case, nursling, her own child,
3) Case, nurse infected by nursling, the child of caKc i.
" Sulla Syph, ossea e muscolare," etc. II movemento med. chirurg., t88(
n., p. 460.
4) Two cases, adults with bone syphilis iufected in infancy by wel
Annalea dc Derm, et de Svph., :8Si, p. 78(1.
5) Case, chancre of left cheek.
(1) Case, chancre of nipple and chin in same woman.
DcMe, W. PuWin, St. Xid.olas and Catharine
" Heilart der Liistscuchf," translated by Mlc-
Case, nurse, infected by nursling (p. 133).
DeBeck, David. Cincinnati.
" Hard chancre of the eyelids and conjuctiva," Cincinnati. 1886.
1) Case, chancre, right lower eyelid, from contact in bed with mal
2) Tabulated details of 85 cases from literature.
3) Tabulated details of 8 cases, from personal communications, fror
AVKKS, 1 . GAi.EiUWSKC, 4; JULER, 3; Sattlek. 1. q. V.
Dcchaux. Hontliii^un.
GaK. m&d. de I.yon, 18C7, Nos. 15-16.
Epidemic of glass-blower's syphilis at Montlu^on. 1S6S-1869. (Guinand'
De&ucambDurge. Cien.
Case, nurse infected by nursling. (G. L.v;neau^, q. v.).
276 SYPHILIS INSONTWM
DefienieE. Jumet, Belgium.
Bulletin de I'Acad. Royale de m^d. de Belg.. Bruselles. iSBj, 3d series,
.XIX., pp. 364 and 476.
Sj-])hilis ju glass-blowers.
Deguetre, J. J. S.
Essai sur 1' inocul. du virus syph. These de Paris, an. XI. (iSoj)
p. 43. •
Delapersooae. Paris, Hotel Dieu, Chief of Surgical Clinic.
Archiv. d' Ophthalmol., 18B0-18S1, p. 499.
1) Case, chancre of eyelid, involving caruncle.
2) Case, chancre of left lower eyelid. tServtce of Dr. Panas).
3) Case, chancre of right lower eyelid. (Barth£lemy').
Del Chiappa, G. B. (See utL Ciuaita).
Del Greco. Florence.
Ca.sc, chancre of leg, inoculation by an electric brush (see Pelliz-
^ARj, cn
Del Monte, M. Naples. Professor Ophthalmology at University.
11 moWmento med.-chirurg., (832 (Ue Beck, p. 42).
1) Cu!ie. chancre of eyelid, medical man (p. 155I.
2) Case, notes by SiicjKiiONE, medical man, chancre of eyelid, digital
auto-infection (p. 157).
Delore. Lyons. H6p. de la Chant*.
(FouHMER " Nourrices et Nourrissons," p. g).
Case, chancre, nurse infected from nursing; nurse in turn infects her
husband.
Delpeche, E. Montpellier. Univ. Prof, of Surgery.
Clin, chirurg. de Montp. , iSa6 (_La\vrbnle, ■■ Lect. on Surgery," 1B30).
1) Case, surgeon infected on hnger, from rectal operation.
(CiU'd bv Ok.'. 11 nii's, " Ven. Contagion." 1B43. p. 67).
21 C:i-;i\ ili, ini.ru nf chin, in site of raior wound,
Demanee, E. Xamy. Prof, of Medicme.
■'CFiuti; sp"ni;iiiL> dfR dents et crises gastriques — chez les ataxiaues."
kevuL- de mud., i JSa (Foi'k.NrER, " Period, preata.i. du tabes").
Cast, chancre of Up, ataxia 30 j'ears later.
Demarchi.
L'lmparriale, Sept. 1. iSfiS. (Annales de Derm, et de Syph.. 1869, p,
15^, Gi'irn, iLiil. d. mal, ven., etc.. 1369, 1.. p. 243).
Epidemic of Capislrcllo and Castellafiume (see also Ta.stukri, Rlugiere.
iJiKAME, Skj.i.i. also Epidemics),
Demeaux. (See LarliveS-ne).
De Meric, V. London. Royal Free Hospital.
'•(Jn 5ome peculiar modes of transmitting svphilis in married life."
British Med. Journ., Jan. 14, 1B74.
Case, chancre of tonsil, husband infected from wife.
Demets, A. Ghent.
Annales de la Soc. Med. de Gand, 1884 (t LXII), p. 147.
Two cases, chancre of eyelids, etiology unknown,
De Molines. See Uks Molines.
Denis. (See Closmadei'C),
Denis- Dumont. Caen. Professor £cole Militaire.
•' De la Syphilis," Paris, iSSo.
1I Case, mfection of a military man through a tobacco-pipe (p. 76).
3) Case, chancre of the finger^ in a midwife (p. i56).
„ XII., :SS3, p. 567 (Dk Beck, p. 44). j
ANALYTICAL BIBLIQCRAPilV Z\
Case, chancre of lower cul-de-sac of left eye, from a nail-wound of
syphilitic nursling,
DepAul. Paris, Director of vaccine service.
" De la Sj-ph, Vacc." Acad. irap6r. de vniA. Paris, 1865, pp. 59, 84, 20c
i) Family and lactation epidemics of Viam, Rodet, Marune, Heraki
and Chassaignac, q. v.
Bull. del'Acad. de mM.. i966, p. 1047 (Fournier, '■ Sj-ph. vacc," p. n>i
3} Nine cases of vaccinal syphilis.
Bull, de I'Acad. de mM., Paris.
3) Twenty-three cases of vaccinal sj-philis. 1867 (p. 6ig).
4) Two cases, vaccinal syphilis, reported by Dr. Zallosis, of Greeci
1869 (p. 1017).
5) Case, vaccinal syphilis reported by Dr. Vickerat, of Nemours.
6) Case, vaccinal syphilis in a child, from nursling, nursed by
7) Case, chancre of breast in mother of last case; subsequently her hui
band and three other children were infected, 1869 (p. 1103).
Discus-^iioii on vaccinal syphilis, defending Barocnet's work on " Un vaci
syph.," ise-jyi. 1171).
Depanl and Roger.
Bull, de I'Acad. de mfkl. de Paris. XXXi., p. S3B.
Epidemic of vaccinal syphilis at Morbihan, 44 infected. (See Epidemics
Oucroizillea.
La France mMicale. 1S37, 1., p. 838.
Case, chancre <>t the anus, in boy is years old, pederastic.
Deajardins. A. Algiers.
L'Akbhar. (Journ. d'hvgicne. 1881, p, 31)5).
Epidemic of vaccinal syphilis, fifty-eight soldiers inoculated from
single vaccinifer. (See Epidemics).
Desmarres, L. A- (perel.
Traite thcuriquc el pratique dc.'i mal. dcs ycus." Paris, 1854, t. I., p. f)3i
1) Case, chancre of eyelid, medical man from coughing of a syphilitK
2) Case, chancre of eyelid in midwife.
3) Case, chancre of eyelid in an adult ; in both, cause unknown,
Deamet, E. Brussels, Univ. Priif. nf Dermatology and Syphilis.
La presse mM. Belg,, 18S1 (XXXIV) (p. 73).
:) Case, chancre of breast.
" Ueber die S>-ph. der Glasblo.ser " La Clinique, Bruxelles, 1887 (N'ovem
ber). Moniitsh. f. prakt. Derm., iBSS, p. 3flf,).
a) Case, chancre in a glass-blower, infected per us.
Dei Molines. Paris. H^ Lnurcine. (Interne). (Service of M.vrtineai'I
Statistics of is3 cases; lips 3, fauces 2. nipple 2 (see Martinkai; am
Bi.vjn).
DeiDOS, E. Paris.
L'union m^d.. tSSo. I., p. 4S4.
i) Ca,se, chancre of Ihc limgue. in cashier from infected bank-notes.
Diet de raed. el de chirurg., prat. VII., p. 149 (Compt. rend. Soc. Med. d
Lyon, iS6T-a, pp. 45, 70).
1) Statistics: nut of 77 chancres of the mouth, there was only oni
chancre of the tonsil,
Oespagnet, F. Paris.
Recciiil dophthalmol., i8St, p. 5^1,
1 ( Cnse, chancre .jf eyelid.
I) Cast, chancre of conjunctiva in a nursling, from adult, kissing.
Deaprts, A. Paris. Lourcine and Hop. Cochin,
(See cases reporied by Cyciiti and Uulcsarb ■").
2 78 SYPHILIS INSOHTIUM
Deubel.
Gaz. m^d. de Paris, iS8i, III., p. 628 (Annales de Derm, et de S\-ph., 2d
senes, Vol. III., iBSj, p. I2g),
Man 49 years old infected by skin grafts from own son (see FinEOL).
Devaux, J. Paris,
Translatiun wiib notes of Musitakus (q. v.) Paris. 1710.
i) Two cases, chancre of fingers, in midwives.
'' Art de faire les rapports en chirurg." Paris. (Glrtannek gives date
1727*. PLOLijUKT, 1743).
3) Case, or cases of lactation-syphilis, (Plovkjuet).
Devergie, A. Paris. Hfip. St. Louis.
Bull, de I'Acad. imper. de med. Paris, 1861. Vol. XXVIII, p. 664.
Case, vaoci no-syphilis, in young man, 1 5 years old.
De la. Syph. Vacc, Acad, imper. de m^, Paris, 1865, p. 136.
Discussion on vaccinal syphilis.
De VincentiiB. Palermo. Univ. Prof, of Ophthalmology.
(Pboff.ta q. V, ■■ Trattato i>rat. d. maL ven." i988, p. 425),
Case, chancre of the eyelid.
DiboD, R. Paris. 1751).
"EfTet singul. du mal. v6ii. sur toute un famille." Joam. de mM., chir.,
pharm., etc. Paris, 1751), X., p. 415 (Girtanner, No. 508),
Case of lactation syphilis starting a family epidemic.
Dickinson, W. London. St, George's Hospital.
Med. Times and Ga*., 1874, I, p. 47(1.
Case, chancre of upper lip.
Didar, P. Lyons. Hospice de I'Antiquaille.
Traite de la syph. des nouveau-nfe, Paris, 1^54. (Edit. Wood's Library,
1383).
i) Two CTses (personal), chancre of nipple (pp. 150, 1S5).
2) a; cases, Babdi.net 3; Bai^.mesi; Bekthekand i; Bol'chut z; Caze-
KA\-E i; CuLLKRiEH 4; DovoN and Drom i; Lallemand i; Loret i;
Par6, a. 4; Petrcnt 4; PRIL-E I ; Sperino i.
" Etude sur la chancre (le Tamygdale." Mem. de la Soc. de Scicn. m6d.
de Lyon, tsru-a, t. I., (p. 45).
3) Five cases, chancre of tonsil.
'■Reinfection Syphilis." Archlv. gen. de mM., 1863.
4) Statistics of 60 priniLirv lesions (in 30 cases re- infection), there is
5) Case, personn!, ■ ' 1 ,■ i|>. 33).
6) Case, chancvf i.i ■ . ■ : me), [p. 40).
7) Case, chancre ..I i.|..,. ■■■ ■..■■. ; 1 ),
8) Case, chancre ui \\\\ il--iij1i:viii>ij 111 above case (Bodet), (p. 41)-
Ga^ miA. de Lyon, Aug., ia66.
9) Case, chancre by Eustachian infection.
Gaa mcd. de Lyon. 1S6;.
10) Case, chancre from jrlass-biowing (Gamet).
" Histoire naturelle de la Svph., Annal. de Uerm. et de Svph., 1S82, pp.
531, 637-
11) Statistics, 90 ea,ses of recent syphilis; of Ihese 5 extra-genital.
I*) Four cases, chancre of lip. 3 of them ra glass-blowers (pp. 518, 640,
64 'I-
13) Case, chancre of tonsil (p. 52;),
Diemer, L. Aachen.
■' Abhandlung ijber die Heilmrkung der Aachener Schwefclthermen."
1) Statistics of 257 syphilitics treated by IJ. at Aachen, 1S54-186S, nine
(about 3 per cent.) were infected innocently,
a) Two cases, inoculated through sui^ital operations.
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY a7<
3) TVo cases, children, infected by uitrses and attendants.
4j Case, attendant, infected by his syphilitic patient
5) Case, infected tttrough use of a tobacco-pipe.
'■ Case, infected on shipboard, through messing outfit, probably knifi
(p, 2).
7) Two ca
o coses, mode of infection unknown.
Dieterich, G. L.
Die Kranlfheits Familie Syphilis. Landshiit, 1842, vol. 1, p. |8S.
Case, chancre of lip, child 2 years, from kisses of mother.
Dietlen, H. Erlangea.
" Casuistische Beitrage fUr S>"p'i'''d<''*'K'^ ''^^ Auges," I oaug- Dissert.
Erlangen, 1S76.
Case, of MccHEi/s, chancre of conjunctiva, lower cul-de-sac, in medica
man, from auto-infectioa with fingers, (p. 4}.
Dimey, J.
"fitude sur les chan. syph. da sein." These dc Paris, [Scji (Annales di
Derm, et de Syph., i9gi. p. 895).
Among 139 extra-genital chancres, in Paris cliniques, in 4 years, then
were 13 iif the breast (5 in men).
Dixon, T. London.
Med. Times and Gai., May 9. i86i.
Case, chancre of eyelid,
Dixwell, J, Boston,
Boston Med. and Surg. J(wm., iSSi, CV., p. 48a.
Case, infection per oa, possibly from a drinking vessel,
Dolbeau. Paris, HOp, Lourcine, Surgeon.
Bullet, de therapeutique, LXXII., 1S67.
Case, chancre of lip, in a man of 6u.
Donaldson, F. Baltimore.
Phila, Med. News. iSSf. XLVll., I., p. 173.
Case, chancre of luusil.
Donni.
"Mothers and Infants, Nurses and Nursing," Boston, rSsg, p. 104 (N. Y
Med. Record, Vol. XXX., iS3(,, p. ;m).
Case, infection of child from wet-nurse.
Dor, H. Lyons.
(Personal communication from De Beck to author of this book; sourcs
unknown.
Nine cases of chancre of tlie eyelid, seen between iS(>S-iSS3.
Domur, G. Laibath.
wiener raed. Wochenschr.. iSBj, XXXV., p, 330.
Ctt.se, chancre of rijrhl lower eyelid in a laundress; etiology not given.
it likely from soiled clothing.
Doutrelepont, H. Bonn. Univ. Professor uf Dermatology and Syphilis.
Eighteen cases of extra-genital chancre, given by von Broilii. q. v.
Dowse, T. S. London.
Lancet, 1577. I., p. 482.
Case, chancre of forearm in a girl nine years old, from holding a syphil-
Doyon, A, (See Dkon).
Draper, W, H. New York.
Archives of Ddrmatologj*. New Vi.rk, Vol. II., p. =30.
Case chancre nf the lip, fr<mi kissing, wife infected by husband.
Dron, Achille. Lyons. Hosp. de rAntiqiiaiUe (female service).
(DovoN, A, and Drok, A.) Gaz, hebdiim, de m&l,, Paris, 1854, Nos, 30, 31.
to syPHIUS JNSONTWM
fTARDIEU, ''^tnde med-legal. etc.." Paris, i37*), p. m6-2I9).
i) Six cases, nurses infected by nurslings.
(DoYoN, A. and Dhon, A.). Rev. therap. du Midi, Montpellier, 1859,
XXII. pp. 373. 401.
2) Cases of transmission of syphilis from nursling to nurse.
Annalcs de Derm, et de Syph. 1870, p. 161.
3) Twelve cases, nurses infected by nurslings.
4) Five cases, nurses become infected, and also infect other nurslings.
Lyon mMicale, 1870, p. st»,
5) Statistics ; 106 nurses, infected by nurslings, transferred from Charitfi
I'Anliquaille, 18(10-1870.
[tensive family epidemic <
nedicaie, 1877, Nos. 26, 28. _
7) Statistics of chancre of the lip, [370-1875, chiefly in glass-blowers: 3 to
Cited by RoLLET, " Traits des mal. v^n." Paris, 1S66 (p. 617).
8) Case, woman, aged 70 years, infected, lips and tonsils from the care
(if her grand-child.
(Dron's cases have been freely referred to by others, see Audovnaud,
UlllAV, FoIiRMER, RULLET, RfJUSSEL, VlENNUCS).
Dr7Sdale, C. R. London.
British Med. Journ,, Apr, 33, 1S6S, (with R. W. Dl-.v.\).
1) Case, vaccino-syphihs.
Lancet, 1869. 11, p. tjtj.
3) Case, chancre of lower lip, girl, aged 19, from bite of a yonog
syphiiiLic child : patient then infects her sister, girl, aged 13, Chancre
of vulva from sleeping with her.
Lancet, 1870, 1, p. 482.
3) Case, chancre (?) in throat, from nursing bottle.
4) Case, chancre of nipple, frum same child.
5) Ca.se, infection (?) of child of case 4.
British Med. Journ., Nov. 16, :S7a.
6) Case, infection from cigar stump.
"Syphilis, its nature and treatment" London, 1873.
7) Twii ciLses, chancre of liji, friim kissing.
S) Three cases, nurses infected by nurslings.
Dubois, P. Paris.
BuLtTiuT. Traiti prat, des mal. des nouv.-nfe^ ist edit, p. 878.
Case, chancre of lip, in pregnant woman.
Dubois, Havenith. Brussels.
Pressc Mod. Beige., iByo, XLII, 9, p. 129.
Two ca'iC-s, chancre of lower lip, in a woman 60 years old and her
daughter.
Dubreuil, A. Montpellier.
Gai. hebdom. dc Montp., i89S, No. y, p. lou. (Annales dc Derm, et da
Svph.. Vol. IX., iSS8, p. 597).
Cast-, chancre external angle of right eyelid.
Dubreuilh, W. P^rts. Iir^p. si. I
Casf:, i^hancru iti chin from r;
Dubreuilh, W. Bonleaux.
Case, multiple chancre of face, |see Bkaqueiiave).
Dufour, C. Paris. Hf.p. du Midi. (Interne).
Tw" cases, chancre of fauces, (Fui'kmkh " chancre cephalique," lB5S)h
Duguet.
Case, chancre of totisil, rcc Lk Gemikk".
PfalV, .Mittheilungen aus dcm Gebicle der Med. Chir. u. Pharm., Bd. I.,
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
DnUc, P. Paris. H6p. St, Louis, service of Ba^tn.
'■ Etude siir la syphilis contraete a iiti aRe avanct," 1878, p. 5B.
Case, chancre, septum of nares (service of Gusselin q. v.).
Dnllea. C. W. Philadelphia.
1) Cases nf syphilis from tattoriing(see
Phila, Med, and Sur}{. Reporter. Jai
Joum. of Med. Sciences. 1S7S, p. 6^^.
3) Case, chancre nf lip, received Irom a dentist.
Archives of Dennatologj', New York, VII, iSSi, :4
3) Case, chancre of eyelid.
Dnnii, R. W. London. Parrington Dispensar)-.
Brit. Med. Joum., iSfi^, II,, p. fioo,
1) Fifty-three cases of vaccination syphilis.
Report of Army and Navy Cor
2) Case, chancre of Up, man
dnuljtedly same as DkViiU.iLE s;.
Dnpond, G.
'■ £tude sur la syphilis du ncz et des fosses nasalcs," These de Bordeaux.
1BB7, Paris.
1) Case, EuBtachiaii-s'iund inoculation.
z) Case, chancre of fauces (buth in service of Mol'ke), pp. 22. 32,
Dd Pont.
On the contagiousness of secondarv forms of syphilis, and on chancre of
the head. Prcsse med. Beige. 6i-uselles. 1857, No. s6, 3:*.
Duprj, Achille.
The.se de Paris, (857,
Case, chancre of the eyelid, from kissing (p, li),
Dupnytren, Paris. Hotel Dieu, Senior Surgeon.
Case, double chancre of breast and eyelid, in a nurse from a nursling
(reported by Rihinetta. q. v.),
Dttrante, Capistrello. Dispen.sary Physician,
(Notes of the priigress of tile eiKlemu-upidemit: in Capistrello. See Tan-
TURRi, Demarchi, and Epidemics),
DSriiW, E. TOD,
Monatsh. fur prakt. Derm.. XIII. iSyi, p. 471,
l) Seven cases, chancre of lip and cheek,
3) Three cases, chancre of timsil,
3) Case, chancre of right breast
4) 31 cases in neighborhuod uf anus from pederasty,
Dnrkee, S, Boston, U, S. A.
Boston Med. and Surg. Journ,, LTX., iSjf], p. 460.
i) Two cases, nurses irum swme nursling (same as reported by Besnett
q. v.).
"Treatise on Gonorrhoea and Syphilis," Phila., 1864, p, 278,
a) Case, wet-nur.se infected by moribund nursling, at nipple (Massa.
chusetlst^cn. Hi.sii , Mar , v^---.. Si;r(icu r)f B[i;U.nw).
3) Amotliu: .i::-l ■, ..i;i,.: ■: ,■! :,■ V .j ■ « llie brea-sts i.f this pa.ient, and
each riit-: ■ ', , ,.li,[iicre uf the Ll:ri>;il,
Dfirterdorf, W-li. ., ^■ .ian.
Hufelund's J-i;;- .<! . j . I a I ], I , ]■ 1 1 ,.
Epidemic irum l;iut:iU..ii (,^<.- Kpidi^mii^).
SDtKhinski, A. A, Slarn. KouBlantinov.
Vratsch, June, i3Sg, p. 1D7 (Brit. Med. Journ., M^t), p. 4:")-
282 SYPHILIS msONTIUM
Epidemic from midwifery inoculation : 36 infected (13 male, 13 female)
in total population of 316. (See Epidemics),
Dzondi, K. H. Halle. Prof, of Medicine.
'■ Neue Euverlassige Hellart der Lustseuche " Halle, i8a6.
Case, chancre of tbe groin, in a woman So years old, infection through
an undergarmeat (p. 5).
Ebrard, E. Paris.
"Neuros^is syphilitiques." Gaz, mid de Paris, 1S43, Feb. 25, p. 120,
(Laoneai', fils "Mai. syph. du syst nerv." Obs. 123).
Case, woman infected by nursling; cerebral sj-philis.
Edes, R. T. Boston. Prof. Therapeutics, Harvard University.
Boston Med, and Surg. Journal, 1881, CV,, p. 250.
Case, chancre of eyelid, from application of tongue to eye.
Ediefsen. Keil. Prof, in Chiel of the Medical Poliklmik.
"Casuia. Beitr. sur Frage von Contag. der hered. Syph., Berlin, klin.
Wochenschr. 1S76, No. 5, p. Go.
Ca.ie, grand-mother acquired syphilis from infant which ahe tended ; site
and mode unknown.
Egan, J. C. Dublin. Surgeon, Westmoreland Lock Hospital.
DuDlin Quarterly Joum., May. 1846; London Lancet, Aug. 22, 1S46,
Cases of extra-genital infection, afterward embodied in -'Syphilitic
Diseases," etc., London. 1853, p. 296.
Case, chancre of left breast, from nursing syphilitic infant
a) Case, chancre, both breasts, from nursing syphilitic infant.
3) Case, chancre on neclt, site of pin scratch, inoculated from mouth of
svphilitic infant, |p. 302).
4) Case, infection, probably on tongue, from kissing S}-philitic infant in
the muulh, and about nates, (p. 304).
Eichman.
Schmidt's Jahrbiicher, LXXXHI., p. 1^4-
Case, woman infected by kissing an infant relative.
Elliot, G. T. New York. Skin and Cancer Hospital, Ass't Physician.
Joum. of Cutan. and Geui to-urinary Diseases, 1S8B, p. 334.
Case, faucial chancre in a young girl, from lover.
ElliotBOn, J. London,
'"On .secondary s\'philitic transmission," Med. Times and Gas., London,
Sept, 4, 1858.'
Case, possible transmission by a comb ; first symptoms being a 'ocaliied
syphilide of scalp (such cases have occurred),
Ellis, E. London. Victoria Hospital for Sick Children. Physician.
"Pract. Man, of the Diseases of Children." New York. 1875 (jded., in
Wood's Library for [S79).
Ca^c, nurse infected by nursling,
Eltzina, Z. J.
Vratsch, r332. Nos. 50-51.
1) Statistics from rural districts of Russia: of 55 syphilitic peasants,
obsorved in the Krapivna district, 45 were infected extra-eenitally;
43 through family lite; and 2 through suckling (most of the cases
were in children) only two by coitus.
VraLsch, i3ag, p, 155 (Brit. Journ. of Dermatol., 1889, p. 414).
3) Case, chancre, left little finger, girl aged 13 months; parents and
family healthy ; infected by caress of stranger.
Emser, H. l"lm. Chaplain to George of Saxony, 1504.
" Miraculu St. Beununis, . . Acta sanctorum. Rome, ijai, (Fuch's " Die
Acltcste Schrifts, u, Leusts." Giittingen. 1843. p. 330).
Account of numbers with Merhus Gallicus, miraculously cured by St,
BeuEo ; among these, many from the same family, and many children.
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 283
EngielBted, S. Ci>i>enha)^n. Knmmanspital,
■' Veneriske Sygdirnie." Copenhagen, 1876.
I) Three cases, chancre of linger, in midwives (p. 34),
a) Case, chancre of lip from a ci^ar stump (p. 33},
3) Case, a two-year-old child, with acquired sj-philis, and cerebral soft-
ening (p. 239, case 37).
4) Case, an adult heredito-syphilitic, had a hospital record of iofecting
his wet-nurse in infancv (p. jati).
5) Case, similar, with addition of nurse infecting own child (p. 305).
6) Statistical ; children with acquired syphilis in Comm. Hosp. (p. 314).
ErichBcn, J. E. London. Westminster Hospital. Surgeon to the Queen,
Report of Army and Navy Commission, etc.. London, 1S67,
i) Ca.se, infection from kissing, probable chancre of tongue (p. 430).
1) Case, similar to above, mfecbon per os, kissing (p. 430).
Escherich.
" Zur Untersuchung gegen Dr. Hiibner in Hollfeld wegen lahrliisaiger
Korperverletiung durch Impfang" Arztliches lntclligen:[blalt 1S54,
No. 35, p. 198.
Hiibner inoculated directly S children, and 9 indirectly, with syphilis by
vaccination (see HCbnek).
Eiof.
Vierteljahr. f. Denm. u. Syph., 1889, XXI., p. 253.
Case, chancre of eyelid m a woman, from the entrance of amniotic fiuid.
Estlonder, J. Helsingfors. Kye-clinic.
Klin, Slonatsblatt. Zehender's, 1870. 259. (Hi>i k, q. v.).
Family epidemic, discovered through a gumma of conjunctiva in one
member, ten years later.
Enlenberg. Berlin.
" UebertragungderSyph. durch Vaccination." Berliner klin. Wocheoschr.,
1872, No. 38 (p. 461)-
Ca.se of vatcinti-syphilis, 7 months after vaccination. (See Epidemics).
Handb. des ofFentlichen Gesundheitswesens, Bd. I. Berlin, iSSi. (Article:
Beschneidung) Archiv f. Derm. u. Sj-ph., 1883 {p. 1S9).
3) Circumcision syphilis,
Tageblatt der Naturforscherversamralung ku Leipzig (Archiv f. Derm. u.
Syph., 18B3. p. S43I.
3) \faccination syphilis.
EnsUchins, Rudius. Padua, Univ. Prof, of Medicine.
■' De morbo gallico libri v." Venetiis, 1604. (Edited by Mundi.nus),
(GjRTAN>KR., "Bibliogr." and SrwiN " Die LeusLseuche." etc.).
i) Case, nur.se infects two nurslinKs(prtibably the tonverse was the case),
Lil\ L. tp. VIII).
a) Case, chancre of tongue from kissing.
ETerarduB, A. Middelbourg, Sceland.
" Die Neu-erweckte Sauaer-seiiohe in ihrer Verglcichung mit der Frant-
losen Oder Indian isch en Krankheit, etc.." (from the Liitin cililion of
tlie author : bound with Ui.,tM'A.M(o. and other Dutch and English
authors, Leipzig, 1669). (See also Ro^tN vun Roskns'ilin "Kinder-
krankheiten "Giittingen, 1798, p. 728).
Epidemic, afterwards endemic, in Seeland. 1(154, which began from
breast -drawing. (See Epidemics).
Enneiitetr, V. A.
A report of svphilis in the Ostrogoshsk Voroncj Govern.. iSSj-iSSf) (Med.
Beseda, iSSS, p. 7-lo(.
Statement; Among 2653 cases of syphilis observed among the peasants,
124(1 or 46.9 per cent, were affected through domestic propagation,
80 by inhentance, 390 b;/ coitus, and in 937 cases, the mode was
undetermined. Extra-genital syphilis is especially spread by children.
SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
iats, breads, sweets, etc, — infection
it frequent.
Ewertzen. Fredricksborg. District and Batallions Physician,
Fruriep's Nntizen. Weimar, 1832, So. 745, from Danish Bibliothek f. Lager.
Epidemic of vaccino-syphilis, Fredncksborg, 1830. (See Epidemics).
Fabre, P. Paris.
" Traits des malad. v6n6r." Paris, 1775.
Case, probalily faueial chancre, conjugal, in wife (p. g).
"Delasyph. chez les f em mes enceintes cheiles nour, et chez les enfans."
Bibholheque de mM. prat. Paris, 184B, VIII. (p. (110-654). (Proksch,
" Die Litteratur iiber die Vener-Krankh. Bonn. 1891, 3te Bd. p. 26),
Fabricius de Hilden.
Obs. chir. et intd., ii\fi. centur. i, obS. c. (Lancereal-x — "A treatise on
.Syphilis, etc," New Sydenham Soc. Londim, 1S69, Vol. II., p. 146).
Case, infection of ^rl of 15 years from wearing the drawers of a male
friend in a carnival.
Facen, J. Milan.
Gaz. med.. Lombard.. Mai, 1849(002. meti. de Paris, 1649).
1) Small lactation epidemic,
2) An account of " Facaldina," (No. 21, p. 1S3), (Quoted by La.vcekeaiix
Tieatise on Sj^ph., etc, 1S6S. p. 4i)»
Four cases, chancre of the tonsil in one family. (See Rollet').
Falcone, T. Naplu.s.
" Contrib. di [lalologia e clinica Derraatosifilopatica." Giorn. ital. di maU
vener. etc.. Milan.., 1BP7, XXVIII., No. 3.
Case, chancre, inner canlhus rijjht eye, froni use of an opera-glass
(p. 142).
Fallopius, G. Padni
c.
ise, chancre
where sever
of buttocks in a
al syphilitica we
n old ma
re kxlgini
□ from the privy-
seat
of a house
Fano.
Fov
1)
J out
Pans. Hop. du .Midi, irnteme).
RMhK "Chancre ccphaliiiuc." 1S5S.
Two cases, chancre ill' the lip.
■. d'r>culisti<|ue et lie chir.. Mar. 25, iS
74, (cited by Tul
.■CHALEAUME, q.
»)
C'aie.'chaiic
■re, hulbitr conju
nctiva.
Farlow.
Bosl
B..sl..n.
on S(k;. for Medicd Improve
rment. Ni
S. lSl)2. Bo!
.ton
Med. and
C:
Sury. Journ. '-"
ISC, chancre.
upper'lip, man,
, mode of
infe
ctiou not stated.
Farre, A. L<»idiin.
Ui-piirt nf Army and Navy Ciimi
L■a^.t■^,, no documents, of nurse:
nissioii. c
s infected
byi
l8(.7
lurslinfis, p.
47a,
Farriols
, A. Bared
.' irr,.-th
,J., p. .5;
2(ku
own only by
title
t "Chanero
Faughl, G. G. i'. 1:
New V..rk Mtrla
with syphilit
•A Ki'u-rd, iS(,i,
01 thug'""! 1" 1^
ic mouUi lesions
■ xu.^p-^
9 ye,
ars old, from
kis:
sing a man
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 185
Faner. Lyons.
R01J.ET "Traill d. mal. v6n." 1S65, p. O17.
Case, chancre of tonsil.
Fedchenko, N. P.
"Three cases of chancre after shaving," Mede/inskoje Obozrenie, iSgo,
No. t, p. 19, (Vratsch, iSgt, No. 44, p. g8g|.
I] Case, chancre on the neck, below the left lower jaw.
a) Case, chancre on the chin, m a. student, after cutliag a comeilu with
a raior recently bought.
3) Case, chancre on thi; angle of the lower right jaw.
Fedotow, A. A. See KfinoTOFf.
Feibes, E. Aix-la-Chapellc.
Berliner klin. Wochenschr., iSSg, No. 33, p. 519.
Case, chancre of the cheek, in a man 25 years ■■lil, after shaving by
Femrick, G. Montreal.
CanaJda Med. and Surg. Journ.. Aug., 1875 {Reported by Cllnf.).
Case, chancre of eycHd, source unknown, unless from towel used by
Fireol.
Progres mM., iS9i, No. 46, p. 916. (Annales de Derm, etde Syph. i832,
P- '29).
Case, syphilis, communicated by epidermic grafts (Dri.'hei-'s case, q. v.).
Femajidez, J. 5.
"Observacion clinica di un ehancro induiado del pSrpadi) superior del
lado izcjuierdo recogidaen lasala de SanteTomds del doctor LaiUer" —
Anfiteatro anatom. Madrid. 1875, III., p. 433.*
Case, chancre, upper eyelid.
FeracliuB, I. Paris. Physician to the King of France.
"Deabditisrcrum causis, lib. 11., 154S. II.. cp.XIlI. (alsoGikTANNEH 152).
I) Nurses infected on the breast by syphililie nurslings.
2} Infection on the lip. by kissing.
3) Midwives, inoculated on the linger, by professional exposure.
Fenlvd, H. Paris, H6p. St Louis, Chef de cliniquo.
AnnaJes de Derm, el de S>^h, iSgo, p. 320.
1} Statistics of extra-genital chancres at clinic in iSSg: 34 tu all (exclud-
ing multiples); lips 19, tongue 3, tonsil 1, chin 1, breast 3, finger 3,
arm (vaccination! s, anus (mfant) i, abdomen and inguinal 1.
Annales de Derm, et de Syph., 1891, p. »2o (Soc. de Derm, et de Syph.).
a) Case, chancres on both arras, acquired m hospital, during treatment
for scabies (see Fiu rmi-k).
Annales de Derm, el dc Syjili., Vol, 11!., 1692, No. 7, p. S05.
3) Statistics from Fm kMi.k'^ clinic, Feb. i, to Nov. 1, 1B91: 75 cases
extra-genital chancre, 4^ men, 24 women, 3 infants; id chancres
altogether presented, of these 68 were cephalic as follows: upper lip,
25, lower lip, 14. labial commissure, 7, tongue, 4, tonsils, ti, cheek, 2.
chin, 10. the remaining iS as follows: breast, 5, anus, 4, umbilicus, 1,
(orearra, 3, fingers, 4, thigh, 1.
Trans. Soc. de derm, et de syph.. Seance, Nov. 10, 1892 (Annales de
Derm, etde Syph.. Vol. 111., iSga. No. k, p. 1156).
4) Case, chancre, left cheek, in male infant of 2 years; mfection probably
from neighbor in whose care the child was left (service of Gkanciier),
5) Case, chancre lower lip, near left angle of mouth in little girl of 3}^
s. from syphilitic mother.
^ chancre, left cheek, near outer part lower eyelid, in boy of 4
vears, infection from raatenial uncle.
Statement; the last three cases were observed in a period of less than
aH6 SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
4 months, among ii cases of infantile syphilis observed in tbe clinic
since Dec. 1891.
Fieazal, J. Paris.
Bullet, de !a clin. nationale ophthalwol. des Quinse-Vingts, T. I., Paris,
1683.
Ca.se, chancre o£ eyelid, source unknown (p. 158).
Fingjer, E. Vienna. (Prof. ZEissL'sand Prof. Necmann's Clinics).
" Ueber ein const, nerv. stoning, etc.," Viertelj. f. Derm. u. Syph,, 1S81,
p. 173.
i) Case, chancre of upper lip, left side.
AerzU. Bericht. d. k. k. AUg. Krankenh., Wien (1B82), 1883, p. 132.
2) Frequency and seat of syphilitic primary lesions.
'• Die Syphilis n. d. veneristie Kranlcheiten, Wien, 1B86.
3) Case, chancre of lip, from cigar stump, p. 14.
4) Four cttses of infection from bites ; chancre of nose, ear, thumb, toe,
Fischer, H. Breslau. Univ. Prof, of Surgery.
Case of circumcision syphilis. (See Jaff^).
Fisher, C. I. SupL State Alma House, Tewksbury, Mass.
" Necessity of social and statute recognition of syphilis." Boston Med.
and Surg. Journ., July 31. 1890.
Case, chancre of lip, in female dornestic, cause not stated.
Fiti. U. S. Military Service.
Case, chancre of lip, in a soldier from a comrade, through drinking from
the orifice of a faucet. (See Arthur).
Fitzgerald, T. A. Dublin. Dublin Eye Infirmary.
(De Beck q. v. personal communication, from Dr. F.).
Two cases, chancre of eyelid, personal, and one not elsewhere mentioned,
seen iS6a. oL Laili.ek's Clinic. Hop. St. Louis.
Fitzgibbon, H. Dublin, President Royal Coll. Surg.. Ireland.
Prcs. address, "Syphilis," Dublin, 18BB (Edinb. Med. Joum., 1889,
XXXIV., p. 954. Also London Med. Rec, 1889, No. 15).
1) Case, chancre of lower lip, banker, counting roll of bank bills, stolen
by a prostitute and hid in her vagina.
i) Case, chancre of right thigh, in a girl of 14, in the site of chafe from
riding saddle, from exposure to seat of a railway water closet.
Flamande.
Jouni. complem. d. Diet. d. sci. mM., V., p. 135.
Domestic epidemic at Chavanne-Lure, 181S. (See Epidemics).
Fleischer, A. Kiew. Prof, in the University.
Proceed. Soc. of Physicians of Kiew, 1885-S6. p. 73, (London Lancet,
idSO, Vol. II., p. g88).
Two cases, chancre of chin, in site of razor cuL
Fonseca, L. da. Lisbon.
" Cancro prim, svphilitico da palpebra," Archiv. ophthalmo-ther. de
Lisboa, i88i, fl.,p. 60,
Case, cliancre of eyelid, source unknown.
Fontanus, N. Amsterdam. Prof, of Anatomy.
■' Respons. et curat, medic", 1637 (Uiktanner No. 386).
Case of syphihtic infection Ly mere contact.
Foot, Tesse-
" important researches upon the existence, nature, and communication of
venereal infection in pregnant women, new-bom infants and nurses,
by the late P. A. O. Mahon. These are contrasted with the new
opinions of the late John HtMER upon this subject, logetlier with
observations thereon. London, iBoS, B", pp. IV, s-iio*.
ANALYTICAL BIBLJOGRAPHY aS?
Ford, W. H.
St. Louis Med. and Surg. Joum., 1881, XL., p. r;8.
Case, chancre on shoSder of nurse, from syphilitic child,
ForutuB, P, Leyden. Univ. Prof, of Medicine.
"Observ. et cur, med. el chirurg,, libri XXXIL," Lngduni'Batavorum.
159l-lOo6 (GlRTANNEK No. I46) (RuSEM VON ROSENSTEIN "Kindcrk."
GBttingen, 1798, p. 728).
Case, triple infection, of nature of family epidemic; nurse from nnrsling,
infecting her own two children,
Fortin, Paris.
"Transmission de la syphilis d'un nonirisson a nn nourrice." L'Union
mMicale, 1S66, [35, 136.
Case, syphilis communicated from a nursling to nurse.
Fortnmades.
'■ Etude stir le chan, syph. dcs paupieres." These de Paris. iSijo {Annales
de Derm, et de Syph., 1S90, p. 938).
Review of subject ; making chancre of eyelids, 3 per cent, of estra-genital
chancres.
, N. V. Dispensary,
Foocart, A.
Gai. des H6p., Paris. 1844, No. it. p. 41.
Case, chancre of nipple, from syphilitic nursling.
Foumifi, E. Paris. Institution tor Deaf and Dumb,
L^Union mc^., 1863, XVIII., p. 583.
Case, chancre of pharynx, Eustachian infection, first case on record.
Fournier, A. Paris. H&p. Lonrcine and St. Louis.
L'Uaion med., 1858, and " Lejons sur la chancre," Paris. 1S5S-60.
Appendix,
i) ig cases, cjtra-genital chancre, personal, (service of Ricord), (p. 247-
a) 5S cases, extra-genital chancre (PctHE, 28, p. 246; Cabv, 7, p. 250;
and others, 33).
" De la contagion syphilitique." Paris. iSfio.
3) Case, chancre of upper lip. man as years old (p, 54).
4) Case, chancre of lower lip, man ai years dW (p. jfj).
Archiv. gen. de med., Paris, 1863, Ser. Vl., Vol, 11., p. a37.
5) Case, chancre of tonsil, Eustachian tube inoculation.
"SocmM. des Hfip.," L'Union mM., laiij. XXIV., p. s()4;also, ibid., No.
iig, p. 316.
6) Two cases, chancre from Eustachian tube inoculation.
Dictionnaire de m^ et de chirurg. prat., 11^67, VII., p. 75,
7) Statistics, of two hundred cases uf cephalic chancre.
(Reported 1S69, by Aiii>ovNAiii>, q. v. These de Paris).
B) Two cases, chancre of nipple, nurses from nurslings.
"Legonssurla syph. 6tud, pluspartic. chez la femmc." Paris. 1973 (Clinic
of the Lourcme).
9) Three cases, chancre from usmg syringe and infected instruments
(P- 55)-
10) Case, chancre in female child, Eustachian tube inoculation (p. 5=).
li) Case, chancre of lip (p. 56).
la) Case, chancre of the linger in a girl (p. 52).
(Reported, 1B75. by ArPAv. q. v.).
13) Case, chancre of right nipple, nurse from nursling (p. 93).
SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
14) Case, chancre of left nipple, female, aged iS years, from kiss by lover
(pp. 60, 101).
(Reported 1876, by Saw, q. v. These de Pans).
15) Case, chancre of eyehd, in physician, from saliva (p. 63).
Annalea <le Uerm. et de Syph., Vol. VIII., rH76.
16) Case, chancre of neck, in man 22 years old, from a bite (p. 64).
17) Case, chancre of neck, in a female (p. 66).
Gaz. dea H6p., Paris, 1877, p.^i'tig.
iS) Case, chancre of both nipples, nurse from nursling, patient 37 years
ig) Case, 23 chancres of both nipples, (r6 on right, 7 on left.) patient a6
years old.
(Reported by A. Sturue, q. v.) Med, Times and Gaz., London, 1S77, II.,
p. .16.
30) Case, chancre of right nipple, frcnn nursling; A. M., female, 3a
years old.
ai) Case, chancre of left nipple, from nursling; E. C. B., female, 34
years old.
aa) Case, chancre of left nipple, from nursling; A. B., i8 years old.
33) Case, chancre of tongue, child from its nurse.
(Reported, 1878, by A. Pontet, q. v. These de Paris).
34) Case, chancre of vulva, child seven weeks old, from a sponge (p. 10).
as) Case, chancre in a child, iS raontha old., from its nurse (p. 15).
■' 5fourrices et Nourrissons Syphilitiques," Paris, 187S.
a6) Case, nurse infected by nursling (p. 9).
87) Case, syphilis in husband of above nurse (p. 9).
28) Casoot UBi.oKEtp. 9I ; four cases of Dkon (pp. 66-67) ; si» cases before
tribunals, nurses from nurslings.
(Reported by Hi;L(jTq. v.) AnnalesdeDerm. et de Syph., Vol. X., 1879. p. ay.
29) Eighteen cases, from service of Fuurnier.
" Syphilis et mariage." Paris, iSSo.
30) Ca-se, nursling, infected by nurse, infecting its mother, grand-
mother, and two nursery maids (p. 21 \).
31) Cose of HiLi..imE'r (p. an), infant infects both grand parents by
nursing bottle.
3a) Nine cases, extra-genital chancre ; lip 4, finger a, nose 1, Eustachian
tube 1, breast 1 (pp. 131-2(14).
(Reported, 18S0, by Jumis, q. v. These de Paris).
■ " r cases, extra-genital chancre.
' ' " ea'^nd'^oil^ ""
Scmaine med., Paris, iS3z, H., p. iz;.
35) Seven cases; limgue 1, forearm 1,
(Reporteil 1i\ 1, v. 1 ■ .m , ■ | v.) Annalcsi
33a, -.-■■
36).SWtw. -v.- A cases.
(Reporluil. I i I ,J. i|. V. T h Me de Paris).
37) Four I.4.-'-?, l:LliL1l:(_ ■ l '.Inn, presumably from shaving.
(Reported, i^'-^h- '')' I->'-*''i 4- v. Th&ie de Paris).
38) Two ca.$es, chancre from tnoth wounds.
"Legons sur la periode preatasique du tabes d'orig. syph.'' Paris, 1885.
39) Case, chancre of chin (p. 331. Obs. 85).
40) Case, chancre of right little finger, man of 43 vcars (pp. 328,414).
(See BiiiiLLV).
41) Case, chancre of throat (p. 332, Obs. BS).
4a) Ca-se, chancre of hp, man 21 year.s old (p. 353, note V).
Annales de Derm, et dc Syph. Paris, 1886, p. 87.
43) Case, chancre in furrow behind ear in woman of 24 from husband.
(Ca.se of Hekmet),
Sem^ne m^d., {886, No. 49.
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
44) Two cases, infection, nurse from nursling, one infected her own child.
■■ La Syphilis b^edilaire tardive," Paris, 1S86.
45) Cose, infection in a girl, by Eustachian catheter, (p. J90).
46) Statistics, of own private practice, family infection: sources of infec
tion in 41 cases; 19 from parents, 8 from nurses 4 from attendants,
etc, 3 from children, z from vaccination, i from medical contagion,
4 from criminal attempt, 2 unknown (p. 594).
47) Case, infection of a child by its mother (p. 606),
4B) Case, infection, nurse from nurslin)^; infecting her own daughter (pp.
(*>-, tyi).
49) Case, chancre of lower lip, nursling from nurse (p. (no).
50) Casus, chancres; mouth 5, cheelc 4, neck 4, abdomen 1, perineum i
(P' 599)-
Semaine medicale. 1887 (Le Practicieo. Oct, 31, 1687).
51) Statistics of s; years private practice; 8 infection from nursing, 5
midwife, 12 domestic, 4 syph.-acq., z vaccination, 3 Eustachian tube,
4 unknown.
Gai. hebdom. de mM. et de chir.. Paris, 18S7, No. 45. (pp. 736-717).
5a) Caw, infection, nursling l)y nurse, infecting
53) Case, chancre lower lip. mother, infecting her husband by coitus.
54) Case, chancre of mouth, in grand-mother 60 years old.
55) Two cases, chancre of mouth in sisters, virgines intactie.
ExtraiC de Bull, de I'Acad. de med.. Seance, Oct. ag, 1887 (Annales de
Derm, et de Syph,, 1887, p. 757).
56) Statistics; 887 cases of syphiiis in women, of which 45 were non-
venereal, 7 hereditary, 4 infected in childhood. B from nursing, 5
Eustachian catheter, 1 drinking fi
known.
<Reported, 1887, by Nivet q. v. These de Paris).
57) Statistics; 47 cases of extra.genital chancre in year 1885-6, public and
private practice ; 595 cases m Fournier's entire public and private
practice of about 30 years.
Gai. hebdom. de m&l. et de chir.. 1S87, No. 45 (Monat. f. prakt. Derm.,
1888, p. :iU>).
5B) Case, infection, nursling from wet-nurse, infecting five other persons.
R6ua, Clin, hebdom. dc I'HiJp. SL Louis (Annales de Derm, et de Svph.,
Vol. X„ i3S<;).
59) Case, infection, nursling from nurse infected from a nursling (p. 5(18),
60) Case, chancre of lower lip, female sg years old (p. 8o(j).
" Lemons sur la syph. vaccinale." Paris, i9Sg.
61) Case, infection, nursling from nurse; infecting mother, grand-mother,
father, and two nurses (p. ib).
62) Two cases, chancre of forearm, from vaccination (p. 72).
63) (Jroup of five cases, from vaccination (p. 83).
64) Group of several cases, (me of them treated by FoURr*(ER {p. 69).
65) Group of six cases, from vaccination (p. 93).
66) Cases r)f Aheuasio, p. 37; Cekiuli, p. 30: Cokv, p. 15; Closmaueuc, p.
51 ; Dli'auj, pp. II, 3! ; DtNrs, p. 31; GiM.uuo, p, 31 ; Hutchinson, pp.
90, 102; HriiNKR, p. 38; JoNKs, p. 89; LECoy, p. 68; Lorain, p. 155;
Sl]Z.J.AKI>, p. 9; OBV, p. 155; TkOUSSEAV, p. 42; VlENKUlS, A., P. 30;
Wn^h.kb, p. 22.
Reunion clin. hehdi.m. de I'Hop. St. Louis (Annales de Derm, et de Syph.,
Vol. X., 1889, p. *04).
67) Case, chancre of glans and prepuce from scratching in scabies.
Bull, de la Soc. de derm, et de syph. Stance, Apr. 13, 1S90 (Arcbiv f.
Derm. u. Syph. Vol. 23, 1891, p. 789).
58) Case, chancre of nipple, nurse from nursling.
Annales de Derm, et de Sypb., 1S91, p. 405.
69) Case, chancre of forearm, hospital infection.
290 SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
New York Med. Joura.. 1891, Vol. XII., No. 16, p. 457. (Pans Letter).
70) Case, uhancre of each turearm, from nccideotal contagion .
Fox, G. H. New York.
'■Oral chancre, cases and comments," N. Y. Med. Joum. XXXI 18S0, p.
145.
i) Case, chancre of end of tongue in a child two years old, acquired
from a visitor with mucous patches of lips.
3) Case, chancre of lower gum, below left incisors, father of above.
3) Case, chancre of lower lip, eigbt-y ear-old daughter of above.
4) Case, chancre of mouth, mother of above children.
;} Hereditarily syphilitic child of above, died at about six months.
6) Case of Foster's, chancre of right tonsiL
7) Case of Bangs', chancre of gum.
Photogr. illustr. of Cutan. Syph.. New York, 1B80, p. 36,
8) Case, chancre of upper hp, from kissing.
Fox, Tilburjr and Far^uhttr.
On certain endemic skin and other diseases tn India, etc., 1876.
Yaws, Delhi sore, Biskra Bouton. e" "
Fox, T. C. London. Physician to the Skin Department, Westminster Hosp.
Trans, of the Clinical boo. of Londoti, 18S8, XXI.. p. 281.
Ca.sc, chancre of upper Hp, boy 5 years old, from syphilitic baby brother.
FracanzJanus, A. Padua.
•■De morbo Gallico liber," Bononiie, 1564.
Case, girl, aged seven, acquired genital chancre from an adult female^
through an undergarment.
Dissert, liiaug. Kiliae, 1638.
FrSnkel, B.
" Beobacht. d. angeblich durch Vaccinat. syph. inficirten Kinder," Medl-
cinische Gesclls. Berlin, klin. Wochenschr., 1873, IX., p. 474.
A study of vacfi no-syphilis, no new cases.
Fredet, Clermont. France.
Archiv, d. tocologie, iS83, No. 4; also. L'Union med. 18B8. No. ^, p. 309,
1) Case, nurse, cliantro of both nipples, from syphilitic foundlmg.
t) Case, nurse infected by nursling.
Freund, M. B. Brcsiau. Iiiiiv:ii at the University.
"Zur Pruphylii^L- ■!■, ■ l- ;.| 1 :■ .1;-- u. dcs Impferysipels" Habilitationa-
Thesis, [S?^.. .' ■ ■ ■■ 'I- 1^79'-
Epidemic of \ai ■ ^' I'laiidenburg. 1876, 15 school-girls in*
oculated. (Sl-l l.].;,:^:.;]i-
^t de la sj-philis vaccinale. " These de Paris,
is(>::. pp. 40-
Friedlander, M. Broslau, (Prof. Nf.iskeb'.s KUnik).
"Zur Aetiologie der im jugendlichen Alter vorkomraenden Syphilis"
Inaug. Dissert. Breslau, 1SS4.
1) Case, double lactation episode, two nurses and one nursling infected
{Obs. I.).
2) Case, nurse infected by nursling having acquired syphilis, contracted
either from a nurse, or by vaccmation (Obs. II.).
3) Case, girl of 9 years, syphilitic after sleeping with a housemaid (Obs.
HI.).
4) Case, chancre of tongue in a girl who tended an infant (Obs. V.).
5) Case, sister of prcciiding. infected from same source (Obs. IV.).
6) Cases, two children, 9 and 10, infected from a foster-child (Obs, VL.
VII. 1.
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 29'
I 7) Case, boy of 5, infected by mother, who had relapse of sj-philis (Obs,
I VIII.).
B) Family epidemic, originaling from a nurslins (Obs. IX., X., XI.).
9) An episode analagous to preceding (Obs. Xil., XIII.).
■o) Case, chancre of lip in an infant, probably infected by mother (Obs.
11) Case, recent acquired syphilis, in boy of 5, source unknown (Obs.
XVI.).
12) Case, recent acquired syphilis, in boy of 6, source unknown {Obs.
XVII.).
13) Cases, two young infants, sisters, acquired syphilis, mother syphilitic
(Obs. XVIII.. XLX.).
14) Case, chancre over zygoma.
Fritre, F. Berlin.
Annalen. X, ii6-ti8 (pLOfquET).
Case, inoculation of a patient by phymosis operation.
Froelich, J. Vienna. Prof. Neumann's Clinic.
AUgera. wien. med. Zdt. 1SS9.
i) Case, chancre, right nipple, nurse from nursling, p. 79.
a) Case, chancre, upper lip and right ala of nose, in female of io years,
p. 79.
3) Case, chancre, lower lip, female 3S y(
4) Case, chancre, right forearm in female
linen, p. 79.
5) Case, chancre, left tonsil in female of 30, from a spoon, p. 79.
6) Case, chancre, ri^ht wrist in a man from a bite (nut personal).
7) Case, chancre, nipple, i5-vear-iild virgin, from a bite (no» person,
8) Case, chancre, lip, Irom clicwing cigar stumps (not personal).
9) Case, chancre, lip. from kissing (not personal). (See Nei.ma.nn).
FroloSl St. Petersburg.
Vratsch, No. I., p. 21. (Annales de Derm, et de Syph., iSgt, p. 237).
Case, chancre, right lower eyelid, near outer cantons, in man of 23 ye
probably from a towel.
1) An account of the Disease of St. Paul's Bay, (p. 751).
a) Epidemic of Syphilis in ubstetrleal -ractice, 1737, Hungary (p. 770).
(See Epidemics).
"Die aitesten Schriftstellen iiber die Lustaeuche in Deutschland,"
GSttingen, 1B43.
3) Contains many statements of various writers regarding extra-genital
infection,
G»b»Ida, F. Paris.
■' De la contagion de la syphilis secondaire," Paris, 1859.
Case, chancre upper lip from kissing, woman infects lover (p. 4).
GwIletoD, A. Lyons. Surgeon -in-Chief, Antiquaille.
Cases of lactation anil glass-blowers syphilis. (See Rullet, Ruussei,).
Gftlezowski, X. Paris.
' " . . . . Amblyopies et amaur. syph." Archiv. g^n. de M6d., 1871, I.,
<P- 177)-
l) Case, chancre of n
a) Case, chancre (if It'
Journ. d" Ophthalmol., Paris, i872,'l.. p. 308.
3) Case, chancre of eyelid, source unknown.
Reccuil d' Ophthalmol.. Paris, i9S2. p. 604.
4) Case, cnancre of eyelid and globus ociili.
Reported by De Beck q. v. p. 50 (personal Loni
SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
5) Two cases, in iSSa and 1385, chancre of eyelid from ci
of fingers,
6) Two cases. 18B2. 1SS6, chancre of eyeUd. contamination of tongue.
7) Three cases, possibly the above, Lavergne and Perkin q, v.'.
Gsiippe. Paris,
with the mouth, after others with mucous patcfies, but gives
Gallia. Turin,
Cnngress Italian Phj-siclans, Peruggia, 1885 (Monatsh. f, prakt Derm.,
tsrts, p. 4341,
E]ii'k'mic of vactino-syphilis, from a congenitally syphilitic nursling,
Galligo, I. Kl..ro.iLc.
'lmit:iL<i ipj'ir.-prat, suUe Mai. Ven,, Firenie, 18(14 (alsoGaz, hebdom, de
V:\T\'.. i-ti-o. July 2;, Aug. 10).
1) Epiilcmii: ot vaccino-syphilis atRufino, 1856, p. 746, (See Epidemics).
2) Case, infection from kissing, fp. 733).
(Cited by Pkofeta without reference).
3) Case, midwife infected professionally.
Gallus, A. (or Lecoq). Pans.
, ■' De ligno sancto non pcrmiscendo," 1540; Aphrodisiactis, ed. I7»8, p.
403. (RosKN VUN Rusekstein " Kinderkrankheiteu," Gottingen. 1798,
P- 728),
Inifculation of midwife professionally,
Galvin. Geo. W. Boston.
Xcu York Med. Journ,. June 11, 1887.
(■:i-.L-. inoculation own left index finger in sewing wound on syphilitic
Gamberini, P. Bologna, ')sp. St. Oraola: and Univ. Clin, for Vener. Dia,
" Manuale delie malattlc cutanee," Milano, 1871, p. Jgj.
A brief description of " Frenga,"
"Rapporto di un decennio di clinica," Giorn. ital, d. mal. ven., etc.,
1875 (p. 1%-!. »jBt.
1) Case, chancre of lip ir^a youth, from Itiss.ng.
2) Case, chancre of upper lip, in male, from a cigar.
3) Case, chancre of Lhin.
Giom. it^. d, mal. ven.. etc, 187S, p, 365,
4) Two casu^, chunci-L* ni ri.yht check, and of the neck, from bites.
5) Ca^L', -. ■- '■ 1.1 !■• I ■:;■."! i i" b^ removed for cancer.
Giiim. ]!.,,■ I ■ ■ ;.. 1 39-137.
6) Si>: I .■ . .. . -, reported by CARAMirrr (q. v.).
Ginrn. i:..l ■■ . ... ■.■.:. . ^,, 1-- , ... in;.
7) C.i.-x. i_i.,.iiti^ .^i i.ajil, iiviii J Ijilc, reported by Bfccl (q. v.).
Gamet. Givors.
Reported iii Gaz. mtd. dc Lyon. 1807, bv niiMv,"' and Gl'inand ' (q, v.).
1) Case, of gl ass-blower' .s svphilis.
;) Case, child of the above.'
3] Casi', nurse from above nursling, causing suit fur damages, award o(
Gardane, J. J. Paris, Chief of Bureau of Nurses.
Gazette. 1775, p. 30 (Ploi'qiet, Index Lit, Med, Digesta).
[) Kpidemic. obstetrical, midwife infected, infects clients. (See Epi-
demics),
2) Case, nurse infected by nursling, roeovors damages
Garreau, M. Paris.
(Sec ForHMKK "Chancre ccphalique." 1S53, cases furnished by thirteen
physicians, mostly ex-internes of venereal hospitals).
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
Garson, G, London.
GtMCOjen, G. London, Lock Hoepital. Sureeon.
Med -Chinirg. Transactions. 1375. LVIII. (Cases of reinfection).
Case, chancre of thumb (physician?), from contact with patient, case
Gkudichier, H. J. Pads.
■■ De rich^ance dcs accidents cerebraux de la syphilis," 1B86.
Case, phagedenic chancre of lip, followed shortly by hemiplegia [Obs.
III., p. 126).
Gvodiicheau.
"Un cas de chancre syph. de I'amygdale droite" Joum. de med. de I'ouesU
Nantes, 1887, 3d ser. I., p. SS-gs.*
Gvuthier, L. P. A. Lyons. Hosp. de I'Antiquaille, Surgeon.
■■Olwerv. prat s. 1. mal. ventr., trait, parl'iod. de potass." 1845
Case, nurse infected by nursling.
I8fi6(p, 3fi).»
G»w, H. Bc1fa.st.
Lancet, July i8, 1S46- H-. p.62-*
Case, nurse infected by syphilitic nursling <sce EiiAs ').
Gay.
Boston Med. Sue, Jan. 15, 1B5B; Boston Med. nnd Surg. Journ. Vol. 58,
p. :h3.
Case, chancre of the end nf linger.
G*7, A. H. Kasan. Russia.
Protocol, first congr. Russian Phys., Kt. Petersbtirg, :S86 (p. 43'45).
l) Two cases ni chancre of lonsll. 5een in 14 years.
"Lectures on syphilitic and venereal diseases," Kasan, 3d ed., 1888.
(Viertelj. f. Demi. u. Syph., 1890, p. 501). {See also British Joum. of
Derm., Vol. L. iS8i>, p. 424).
a) Statistics of extra-genital chancre: S.g per cent, (males 3.9; females
3) Total personal cases iiS; lips 3'j, eyelii!s4. nose 4, cheeks i. chin 2,
pharynx tj. breast 13, trunlt 32, legs 4, lingers s, arm 1, anus i.
G«7et. Lyons, Surgeon to Hosp. do TAntiquaille.
Case, chancre of forehead, in site of a di^ bite (Jii.i.ifN, 18SG, p. jSR).
G«ber, E. Vienna.
Viertelj. fiir Derm. n. Syph., 187;, p. 445.
'"Aleppo boil " : a terra used to represent chronic ulcerative lesions, largely
syphilis, lupus or scrofula.
" Viertelj. f. Derm. u. Syph.. iSyr, p. 3177.
l) Epidemic of syphilis from cupping, rf.is, at Siimmerach, Franconia;
reproduction of the lorensic dotuments.
"Geschichte, Pathologic und Therapie der Syphilis," Wiirzburg, 1S67.
3) Cases uf Poii.koi x, earliest known of intection by tattooing <p. 223).
Geamw, A. M. Verona, Italy.
Giora. ital. d, mal. vcn. e d. pelle, 1873, p. 20;; i-'74, pp. 22, 344: 1^75, p.
15,3; 1876, pp. 3, 203; 1877, pp- 141, 235-
i) Twelve casts of syphilis insontium, mainly from nur.sing and family
propagation.
Giorn. ital. d. mal vcn. e il. pi*lle, r j*3, p. =.14.
a) Case, nurse inCecled ljy nursling.
294 SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
Gimy. France, Prof. Medical College of Algeria.
Annales de Derm, et de Syph. Vol. 1., scr. III.. 1890.
1) Case, chancre of left nares, source unknown (p. 571).
2) Case, cbancre of lower lip, source not stated (p. S79}-
Geaters, W.
Uer Morbus Dithmarsicus. Dissert. Inaug.. Kiel, 1878.
Gdry. Paris.
Case, chancre of the hand, from bite {see Beauvais*}.
Gibert, C. M. Paris. HOp. Lourcine ; Hfip. St. Louis.
" Manuel pratique des malad. v^ner." Paris, 1837.
1) Small lamily epidemic from lactation (p. 315).
a) Case, nursling infected by nurse, chancre of lip (p. 637).
3} Case, nursling bites mother's nipple and a chancre develops ; at same
time infant snows signs of syphilis (p. 63S).
4) Case, syphilis d'JmbTee in woman, bottle-feeding an infected child j
own child, chanere of lip (p. (138).
Bull de I'Acad, de m^. Paris. Sept. 3B, 1853. (Reference of Pi/tecnat).
5) Ca.se, chancre of tonsil, in a pregnant woman.
"Traits prat, des malad. d. 1. peau et de syph." 3d ed. Paris, 1860.
6) Case, chancre of tonsil, from forcible kissing (p. 14).
Gibier-de-5avignT. Paris, Hop, du Midi (Service of Horteloup).
L I'liion med., i8So. 3d Ser.. XXX,, No. 137, p. 523.
L:isf. chancre of the septum narium.
Gilbert, A. Paris. Hfip. des VEneriens.
Case, nurse infected by nursling (reported by Vassal', q, v.).
Gilchrist, £.
"An account of a very infectious distemper prevailing in many places."
Kssays and Obs. Phil. Soc, Edinb,, 1771, iii., 154-177* (quoted by
Fi.n.k, "Truited, 1. Radesyge," etc., iBGo, p. 415).
A ]>er-.(injl :iLLi>unt of Sibbens.
Gilleberi-D'Hercourt, fils. Paris.
Ai.naki ik' IXrm. et dc Syph., iBSo, p. 746.
Cahc, cliuiiiri: of upper gum, between median incisors.
Gilles de 1b Tourette and Hudelo.
Arnales de Derm, el (Je Syph., Vol. III., June, iSijj, p. 68fi.
Case, probable chancre of lonsil in man of 37. i "
GioTannini, S. Bologna. Prof. Gambikkim's L'ni
\'enereal Diseases.
'■ Contribuzione alia Staris. dei Sifilom
mentale, iSSy, No. ij (p. ads). (Art
1390, p. 270).
1) Ten eases, chancre of the lip.
a) Case, chancre of lower lip, fnim i
3) Case, chancre of liiwer lip. in vvi
after her syphilitic son.
4) Seven cases, chancre of breast, nurses from nurslings.
5} Four cases, chancre uf chin,
ii) Two cases, chancre of cheek, one of which was fiom ruzt
7) Twi cases, chancre of thigh,
b) Case, chancre of lower evelill.
i.f 11
]-•. k'HiiiL-s d' line Gingivite phosphorfee,"
". i . 1>- •')7.
2-ycar-oid girl, workiug in match factory,
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
Girt&imer, Chr. Giittingen.
Abhandl. u. d. vener. Krankh., Gotiiugen. Vol. I., 1797 (3d edit.)- Vol,
II., III., 1793 (Jdedii.).
The last Iwo volumes consist of an analytical bibliography of 1913 works
arranged chnmcilogically. and numbered consecutively; thesenumb«rs
are referred to when quoting Girtanneb.
CloAunanaki, V.
Wratchebnyja Wiedomosti, tSSi, No. 507 (Russian) (Archiv t. Derm, u,
Syph.. 18B9, p. 240),
Statement; among 3012 syphilitic patients in the district of Voronescb
(South Russia!, there were 331 boys and 33s girls, from one to ten
years of age affected with mucous patches.
cutter.
Oesterr. Zeitschr. f. prakt. Heilk., iS6a. VIII. 4. (Schmidfs lahrb., 1663.
Vol, CXX., p. 106).
Epidemic of vaecino-syphilis at Csomad. Hungary.
Midwife, chancre of arm, infected grand-child : many vaccinated from
child-became syphilitic, many nursing mothers acquired chancres of
breast, and others from family utensils; finally, 72 persons bei:ame
syphilitic. (See Epidemics).
Glauert.
Berlin, klin. Wochen., iBSa, No. 49. p. 751.
Case, chancre, right tonsil, in man of 15 years, source unknown.
Clock. Cracow. Univ. Clinic for Syphilis.
Wiener med. Presse, 1881. No. 33.
I) Statistics, Hfip. St. Laaare, 1873-8: chancre, breast, 3 cases. (Service
Prof. Zauewiit, q. v.).
Wiener med. Presse, iSSR, Niis. 27, a8.
a) Case, chancre of hairy scalp,
3) Case, chancre, naso-labial fold, both from shaving by syphilitic
barber.
4) Case, chancre of lip. 5-year-old child, from neighbor's spoon.
5) Case, chancre of lip, boy of 9, from chewing lead pencil of class-mate.
6) Case, chancre of tonsil, woman, from kissing female friend.
Gnocchi, G.
Indipendente, Torino XXXIII. p. 145-157.
E m R m N (k wn only by titl»).
God b ^ H
New York, Noi
1S90,
York, Nov. iSgt. Nei
York, Mar., i6g:!. Xew
hysLcians of New York,
296 SYPIJ/L/S mSONTlUM
1) Case, chancre of finger, in student, acquired while working in ven.
ereal wards,
2) Case, chancre of finger, in physician, from deUvering a syphihtic
3) Two other cases, syphilis in physicians, from midwifery practice.
4) Case, chancre of tonsil, in a lady, source of infection uukQown.
Gosselin. Paris, Surgeon to Charilc.
1) Case, chancre of septum narium (see Dci^c).
a) Case, chancre of eyelid (see Guicnakd"),
3) Case or cases, of Eustachian-infection, according to Jl'llien' and
others ; not known if ever reported.
Gottheil, W. S. New York.
New York Med, Jount,, Mar. ig, iSga, p. 337.
Casic, chancre, upper lip. in girl of 19 j-ears, cigar fittisher, acqttired
probaljly in drinking from same cup with another girl w4tli a similar
sore on the lip. Both finished the cigars by moistening the ends
with saliva,
Gould, A. P, London.
Lancet, 1SS2, II., p, 777.
Case, chancre of cheek.
Graarud, P.
Tidskrifl for prakt. med., i836, Ko. 20, Aug, 5. (V'iertelj. f. Derm. U,
Syph., iSH7. p. 305).
Family infection; a family of three receive each chancre of throat, from
pipes or glasses.
Grate-Samisch'B Handbuch dcr Augenheilkundc, 1675. Bd. IV., p. 417.
(Archiv f. Derm, u, Svph,, Vol. XX., iSaS, p. ifc).
Case, chancre of eyelid.
Grancini ,in.i Dall'Acqua,
■11 wmliir, Auitiiiile ed il vaccino umaniaMto," Milan, 1879. (Cited b;
l^iniii mil 1.1 v.ncmu-syphilis; 1873 at Bardelle, Bergona and other placet.
Gratia, V. Brussels. Ilf.p. St. Pierre (Prof. Tikkv).
Presse med. Beiges, Bruxelles. XXX,, 1878, pp. 257-2S1.
1) Case, chancre of evelid in woman; husband, eh an crc of lip,
sutu — infected by Itissing.
a) Case, chancre of eyelid, probably from digital auto-infection after
venereal exposure.
3) Ca.<^e, alleged multiple chancre on different regions of body, one oa
Greenleaf. liiiiuil Slates Military Surgeon.
i.',i--i.. i.ii.iiu n- 111" lip in a musician, frum mouthpiece of a comet. (See
Griffin, E. H. Nl« York.
Reprint from .V. Y. Med, Record for Aug, aid, iStji and Oct. ist, iS^a
CP- 3'J3)-
1) Case, chancre lower lip near centre in boy of 9 years, drinking from
tin beer pail used in comm<m by several workmen (p. 3).
1) Case, chancre right tonsil in ta-year-uld brother of above from stick
of candy sucked liy the former Ip. 5),
3) Case, ehancre middle of upper lip in 15-vcat-old sister of above boys
from kissiny them (p. 0).
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 257
^ Case, chancre of right tonsil in boy of B years from uunatura!
. 1 actress of 14 yti
wilh fellow-actress with syphilitic si
the lips with the tingerlp. 7).
6) Case, chancre lip in girlnf iS years from k
J) Case, chancre lip ia young married woman
fever blisters (p. 7).
8) Case, chancre upper lip in man of 42 years, drinking whiskey ia
common from flask (p. 8).
9] Case, chancre under surface of tongue in female, husband bad
mucous patches in mouih (p. S).
10} Case, chancre upper lip in married woman of 3^ years^, from husband
^ kissing (p. S).
11) Case, chancre lip in woman, from her husband (p. S).
13) Case, chancre lip in female cook, from kiss uE lover (p. 8).
{The above twelve cases were total number extra-genital chancres observed
13) Case, chancre lip in woman frum husband by kissing (p. 15).
Griffith, A. H. Manchester, Assist. -Surg. Royal Ej-e Hospital.
•■Syphilitic lesions of thecyehds.'' Meil. Chroa., iS(*l,. Vol. IV., No, 3
(p. iq3). Qahresber. f. Ophth., 18SO, XVII., pp. 25o-4-t")-
Nine cases, chancre of eyelid.
Grirorov, S. W. Moscow. Mjasnitsky Hospital.
Protoc. d. Conf. d. AerMe d, M, Krankenhaus, tSEc.
Case, chancre of right tonsil, in an attendant
18S5. (Cited by Petlk-
SEN, q, v.).
Statistics among 331 eases: chancre of lip 2, uf iinger i.
Gramier, Givors.
(Cited by GuiNAMi, q. v., from original mention in DlUAv's Gaz. racd. di;
Three cases, chani;re of lip, in glass-blowers, Givors, 1875. (Seen by
Gbomikh and DiiiAv).
Clinical Suro'er\'.
. mcii. de I'Estrange, 1879, XI,
ip. 1451.
Case, chancre of hp, in an omnibus conductor, from use of whistle.
i) Case, chancre of lip in young lady, from her betrothed, afterwards
husband,
a) Two cases, medical men professionally infected and in luni infected
their wives,
3) Statement, without dcicuracnls; has seen many cases uf infection
from kissing.
4) SeealsoPkccE, J. H.
Gnuield, J. Vienna.
"Ueber Vererbung u. Uebertrag. von Syph. bci Ntugtboreiien, "Wie-
ner mcd. Presse, 1S79, XX., p. 149a.
i) Ca.se, chancre of scalp in au infant, mother mfected about middle of
pregnancv; child infected from mother's purls during partuiitiiin.
Verb. d. Wieri. derm. Gesellsch, (Vierlelj. f. Derm. u. Syph.. 1S92 p. loi).
!) Case, chancre of tongue, man uf 45 years.
29° SYPHILIS LVSONTlCrnr
Gnmer. C. G. Teno.
■' Diavca. Ansteck. d. gemein. Trinkgesch., u. durch den gemein. Kelcb.,
etc." Leipiig, 17B7 (Rusen von Kosenstein '• Kinderkrankheiten,"
Gottingen 1798, fuot-note, p. 729); also Almanach f. Aerzte u,
Nichtaeizte, Jena, 1765.
Several cases of infection from drin king-glasses.
Gubler. Paris. Univ. Prof, of Therapy.
"De la syphitisation, etc" Acail de uiiA,, 1853 (p. 284). (Cited by
RicuBD, q. v.).
i) Case, chancre of eyelid.
L'Union niM., Paris, 1864, No. 129 (p. 217) (Soc, mid, des H6p.).
3} Two cases, chancre, from Eustachian catheterization (one with Sotr*
3} Two cases, thancfp, from Eustachian catheteriialion (one with
Rll-URU).
GuSniot. Paris. H6p. des Rnfants.
Ciso. infant infected by kissing another infant, (See Pontet),
Gueniberg, C. Moscow. Royal Foundling Hospital,
Ucstcrr. Jahrb. f, PSdiat. H., 1872, (Viertelj. f. Derm. u. Syph., 1873,
p. (J04J.
i) Case, chancre f>f the tongue in a nursling,
a) Case, another nurse infected by preceding nursling.
3) Three nurslings, lafectcil from a single nurse.
Guerrier.
Ann. d' hyg., Paris, i89:, 3d Ser-, VI., p, 64.
Case, nurse infected by nursling.
Guivin, A. Paris.
Bull, de TAcad. demM.de Paris, 18(19, XXXIV,, p. 513. (Gai. des H6p.,
July 15, 18(39).
i) Case, chancre of the arm in a child from vaccination.
Models in HAp., St. Louis. (Sec Guu;.sakd).
2) Case, chancre uf lip, 1S6S ; chancre of nose, 1870.
Guibout, E. Paris. Hi'ip. .St. Louis.
t) Case, chancre ct lip, fnim a clrin king-glass. (See Dry").
a) Thrue tnses, chancre i.f lip. (See ZweIitch).
3) Case, chancre iif tonsil. (See Le Genoke ')-
Models, Hip, St. Umis. (Sec Gnii.sAKD).
4) Case, chancre, angle of mouth, 1871.
'■tvouv. Leijons clin. sur les mal. d. 1. pcau," 1879, p. 154.
5) Case, mother infected by own child, hereditanly syphilitic. (Excep.
lion lu CuLLti' lawj.
Guigoard, C, Paris.
■'Contribution a rctuile des tlianeres syph. eslragen." "These de Paris,
liBj, No. 9;.
i) List of the models of eitra-genital chancre at the Hflp. SL Louis (p.
15. Bi. 34. etc.).
2) Case, of \ R-ENTE, chancre m centre of each cheek (pp. 17, 19).
3) Case of Mfhu-mit-, chancre of tongtie, from a tobacco-pipe (pp. ig,3t}.
41 Caser.f t-\„.„N,,., rti;tT>,.r.. of ,„.,;,.. fr,,.., a hue (p. 24).
5) L;!--..' i-f \\ Ml .ill ■■..■■ I,. .. ;■! '-ite of wouad by a boardf
pr.,1..,:.:. ■. , : 1- 31,).
6)Ca,si.-i. ■■■■ unknown (p. 17).
7) Case „r I III, I ,,li.,;i.:. •■■..■lu i.n.'U , M..m bite (p. 47).
8) Case of I'utK-Mi-H, LhanLrc uf tonsil, yuung virgin, source ualmown
a- 53)-
ise of Maktinkai-, chancre of mouth from speakmg-tube (p. 17).
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY »99
GaiUerr. Brussels. Univ. Prof, of Forensic medicine.
Gaielte Obsletricale, 1879, p. 103,
Case, nurse infected by nursling.
Gninaiid, I. Rive-de-Gier.
■■ De la Syphilis des verriers, hyg, et prophyl. par la visile sanit." Paris.
iSSi.
i) Cases of Gamet of Givors, reported by Rui.let, 1867. child of oneof
the workmen, infected a wet-nurse, who recovered damages, iscxjf.,
at the tribunal St. Etienne (p. 29).
a) Epidemic of Montlu^on, cases of Dechaux, q. v.: in iSCiS, new cases
appeared, but only in the wives or new-bom children, us llie com-
munity were on their guard (pp. 29-31).
3) Two cases, at Rive-de-Gier, 137a, each chancre of lip: sanitary visits
were instituted at this factory and no further cases occurred (pp.
3I-33)-
4) Case, infection of glass-blower per os
5) Three cases of same at Givors, 1B75.
tion by Dioav (p. 33).
5) Case, chancre of lip, at Rive-de-Gier, 1879 (p. 33).
(See Bksniek, remarks when prix Vernois was awarded this essay).
Gnlli, A. Palenno.
" Proslituiione in Sicilia." Vol, I. Palermo, 1^63: Vol. II. Torino, 1865.
(noted in Giorn. ital. dell. inal. vener. o ci. pcUe, 18(15, 1., 157; lSI>6,
I., 2Sfl),
Epidemic character of Syphilis in Sicily during the cholera of 1837,
GQntc, J. E. Dresden.
"Bericht iiber die ersten fiinf Jahre des Bestehens der Offent, Polik, f,
Hautk. n. Syph." Dresden, 1369-1374,
il Case, chancre of lip, in (i-ycar-nld boy, from drink in g-glass.
3) Seven other cases, chancre of the lip.
" Ueber Verhiitung der Syphilis," Leipzig, 1S70.
3) Case, infection of a gynecologist (p. 59).
4) Case, infection of a physician from a newly -delivered child (p. 59),
5) Case, infection from a musical instrument (p. 90).
6) Case, chancre of the lip, in a flower-maker (p. 92).
7) Case, infection by kissing (p. 15).
Deutsche med. Wochenschr., June aS, tSyy, p. 337,
SCft-se, chancre of lip, in a ij-year-oM girl,
eberdie Syphilisder Schulkiuder." Memorab., Hcilbronn, 1879, XXIV.,
No. II. pp. 503-507.
2) Eight cases of acquired svphilis in school -boys,
hromwasser-behandl. der Syphilis," Dresden, 1833.
10) Case, chancre of lip from kissing. (Obs. 91, p. 135).
11) Three cases, chancre of lip, source unknown. (Obs. 315, 373, 387).
is) Case, inveti;rate s)-philis, ascribed to infection from washing foul
linen. (Obs. ^13).
13) Family en idem ii: one of the victimsa boy of 13 year.s,(ObB 2251.
14) Ca.se, chifdcjf 4 years, iiifected3 years beforeby her sister. (Obs. zmjl.
15) Case, midwife prufcssirmally infected, lung syphilis after 10 vears,|
^bs. 35'').
i6t Case, infection of a girl per os, from kissing. (Obs. 361).
17) Case, infection of an infaiil by its mother, seen 9 years after. (Obs.
369).
Guranowski, L.
"Priypadek Shankra n uchuSiednim." Gaz. lekarska, Warsaw, i9S6,
3d Ser. V]., pp. 390-303.
Cb8«, chancre in the miifdle
t. Derm. u. Sj-ph. 1887, ji
JOO SYPHILIS ISSOXTIVM
Guotitcb, S A. Odou.
Me<IitziiidiMr Oboerenk. tSQS, No. 6. p. ^xt-
II Case, dwBcrc of lip in 19-Texr-olda
I) ^u.t«(oeiit: cteerved srmal cases <
GBttccit, H. ma.
" Gex-hichte eincs (primar-sviifaililisclKn) Lippea geidsfimK.' Med.
Zciu.-Riasluids. &1. Petenb.. 1&51, No. 41.*
Caj«. duLOcre of tip.
Gojeoot, _], F. Lj**!,
" Dv /iDocclab. de la s^h, coostita.' Tbcse <1« ftris, (^^
Twr> c3«es oi Leci>} oi Cberboorg, Vacano-Sypfaflis.
Guyoa, L. Lyon.
-'Lcniir<nr(l<;Iabe3iite.''iC'i;, T. Il„ p. Z2(Cazenavt. ■■TTait£de« Sjp^L,'
i?43. p. IU>
Fifur apprentices infected from master, tliroi^h beiMmg.
Hum. C. F. Dresden.
*' De e>*pbilidi« recens naiomci patbogenio,' Dresden, iSzS (AUgeiB. med.
AnuaL. iS^ig. p. 194).
I) Ca«e, nurse receives from nttrsliag leaoos wfaidt vcte pralbaibly
nphilitic (p. it>.
z) Case, nurse infecle<! by mmliog: (p. 19V (Repocted by RcrmsviSG^
q- v.).
Hacker, H. A. Leipzig.
I) -' Literatur der sypb. Krankb. voni. J. it^'ISs^." Leipxig, iSjo
(intended as a cmtinuation of Girtasser's Bibliograpliy),
Uany cilaCi'ins in present Bibliography are oia anthorin' « HACcnt.
a) "Die Ansleckuogf^. Svph. stcund Sypfa. 1 " " '
Jahrb,i?;i, LXXif.. p. 103.
Treats lA varirjus forms of modified s_\-phili&, in different coontries: Syplu-
loid of Van Deiin. Radesyge. Scberlievo, Facaldina, Praoibcraa.
Sibbens. Sp\Toc(jlon, ett.
Hairion, F. L'lurain, Prof, '.f Ophlhalmolog;-.
" Bulxj preauricular, a new diagaostii: sign in venereal ophlhahnia."
Ana. d''itulistique, iS4f(, XV., pp. 156, 236.
Ca.'it. (.hancre of eyelid (see Clmlk 'j.
Hallopeau.
M<j<lc-i in Mus^c de I'Hop. St. Louis (Annales de Derm, el de Syph..
August. 1^93, p. y;n-
1 1 Cane. khoQcrc uf anus, developed upon site of hemorrhoids.
%\ Case, chancre, back of band.
Hamande. Briissi-ls.
Ari-hiv. m«d. Btlftes. Broxeiles. liji). 3 S., .\V., I'M-!.);.
Caw.', LbanLfe -ii l-iwcr eyelid in a laundry-man, employee in l&nndry id
'•vjihiliiic «-atd.
Hamertoa, C. Uiiblin. !iurgi.-on In Castletown Dispensary,
UuWin Ji-um. 'It -Med. Sotnce, Mar., 1S41. Xo. 55. p. 34.
I) Tn*'i ta-sc-, mulher and child from nurshnK and nurse, her sister.
a) La-^.-. thancre rjf Itp. in servant uf above-, from drawing her breast.
3J Cast, ihiintri:, palm of band, in midwife, during delivery of No. 1,
Hamilton. Liublin.
I) C:isc, svphilitic inoculatinn by tooth implantation (see Let-i-sou *).
Dublin .Med" Jr-urn.. 1-4^. XX., p. 511.
•z) Kiv^. syphilis acquired in infancy.
Hatdb, C. W. Wadstena. Hosp. for venereal diseases.
■■ (Jtj-icrv. n'>nnul1iemedie'i-prael." Londini Gallorura 1797, HACKKB(p. ij).
Statement- women and children arc Tnietted thrice as olten as men, on
account of promiscfni-^ lactaii' n.
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 3°!
Hvdh. J. O. Tavastehiis, Finnland.
■' Nagra Fall of Syphilisinfettion genom Koppening" Finnska ISk, Sallsk.,
Helsingfors, 1873, XV., p. 51.
Epidemic from wet-cupping, at Tavastehiis, ;972, fourteen infected.
(See Epidemics),
Hftrdie, G. Surgeon-Majur. Army of Great Britain.
Report of Army and Navy Commission, i9[i7.
Lase, chancre of linger, in medical man, from operation for fissure in
ano (p. i6s).
Hardy, A. Paris. Hup. St. L.ouis and Charitc.
Oai, dea Hfip., Pans i86s, p. 445.
It Case, chancre of tonsil from lozenge (see Valcourt and MtBKAv),
Gaz, des H6p., Paris, 1878, No. 105, pp. 833-835.
3) Case, chancre, linht tonsil, in man 35 years old, probably by Eusta-
chian catheterization.
(Reported, 1875. by Ory. q. v. Thfese de Paris).
3) Case, syphilitic inoculation of a midwife.
4) Zas», chancre of the lip.
Traitfi praL et descr. des mal. de la Peau, Paris, 18S6.
5) Two cases, chancre of forearm, in nurses [p. 1008). (See Orv ").
6) Case, chancre, inner angle of eye, in physician, from patient with
ulcerated throat lesions, coughing in the face.
7) Statement, nodocnments; has seen infection at eye, nostril, lip, from
pus, etc, , on the fiogers (p. I iS).
HaiMnt, W. H. Bristol. '
Bristol Medico-Chinirg. Journ., i933, I., p. 97,
Case, chancre of the lip.
Hartley, F. New York.
Joiirn. Cutan. and Gen. Urin, Dis., Vol. IX. l8qi, p, 318,
Caiie, chancre in rectum, male, 32 years old, from pederasty,
Haaliager, A.
Medical Times and Gaz.. 18S4.
Ten cases of extra-genital chancre.
Hftslnnd, A. Copenhagen. Ki'mmunhospital.
"Syphil. infecL gjennem Svielget." Hosp. Tidende, Copenhagen, 1885,
3 R., Ill, (p 6z.,) (Monatsh. f. prakt. Derm,, 1885. p. 456).
i) Case, chancre %'i Innsil, in lo-year-old virgin, from a tooth-brush,
3) Cose, chancre of lonsil in 40-year-old woman, from lending heredi-
tarily syphilitic thild.
3) Two cases, chancre of tonsil, from kissing,
Hnsp. Tidende, ;8S7, V. (p. ii7)(Vierteli. f. Derm. u. Syph., 1S88, p. 64a).
4) Case, chancre of tonsil in 1 i-year-old child, source uaknowti.
5) Case, chancre of t'lnsil in a chambermaid, source unknown.
Beret, om Kommun. Hosp. (Viertelj, f. Derm, u, Syph., 1888, p. 641).
6) Among 44 syphilitic children, seven had acquired syphilis.
Kommunchospitaleis 4, Afdeling I., ib9o(Archiv f. Derm. u. Syph, Vol.
a4, 1892, p. ios|.
7) Nineteen cases of syphilis in^ontiura were treated during the vear
1890.
Hkaff Besigheim.
Hufeland-s Journ,. Berlin, July, 1834.
Case of Vaccino-syphilis,
Haimer. Munich. Children's Clinic.
"Ueber Syphilis der Kinder." Beiikem>'s Ryphilidologle, New Ser., 1858,
(p. 376).
1) Statistics; syphilis during ilecennium, 1S45-1S5;,
3) Three cases of syphilis acquired from foster- mot her. [Obs. 5. (j, fw).
3) Four cases, acquired from father or mother, (Obs. 22, 50, 51, 52).
301 SYPHILIS hXSQNTIVM
4) Cose, acquired from grand -mother. {Obs. 45).
5) Case, supposed infection at anus from sponge. (Obs, 16V
(All the above from one to three years old).
6) Case, from sleeping with infected person. (Obs. 11).
7) Three cases, chddrea slept with a servant.
Haydon, N. J. Bovey Tracey, England,
Med. Times and Gaiette, London, iBf.a. I.. P- 3'f'-
Two cases of syphilis, in previously healthy children, after vaccination
from a syphilitic child.
Hajward, Jr. Boston.
Boston Med. and Surg. Toum., VoL LIX., Jan. 6, 1859, p. 457.
1) Case, chancre of left nipple, nurse from nursling.
2) Case, infection of child of the above.
3) Case, chancre of wrist lu the grand-mother.
Healey. Dublin.
Philosophical Magazine, VoL, XXXIX., p. 90. (Colles, q. v.», '■ PracL
Obscrv.." 1B37, p. 14).
Surgeon infects several parturient women, from secondary sore on finger.
Hebenstreit, E. B. Leipzig.
Translation of Bell's treatise on " Ulcers," Leipzig, 1793, note, pp. 311-
311.
Case, or cases of nurses infected by nurslings.
Hebra, F. von. Vienna. Allgem, K. K. Kraubcnhaus.
"Dermatol. Abtheilung," Allg, wien. meU. Zeit- 1B61,
Case, nurse infected by nurslicg.
Hebra, H. von. Vienna.
Vcrh. wiener derm. Gesellsch., Vierlclj. f. Derm. u. SitIi-. 189I1 P- 831,
Case, nurse infected by nursling.
Heibetg, J. Surgeon -in- Chief of the Armies of Denmark.
Hygien. meddelser (Virchow-Hirsch Jahresbericht, 1983).
Epidemic at Aalborg, from glasa-blowing, nine infected. (See Epi-
demics).
Heine, J, Bamberg.
"Beitr. zur Lehre von der Syph.," etc, Wiirzburg, 1854, 8°, p. 67.
Epidemic of vaccino-syphilis at Frientels, Bavaria, 1S53, the "process
HPiiNEK," in which Hkine was witness for the state. (See Escherich,
Hkvfeluek, HOb.mer, and Epidemics).
Heinecken.
UTiiLlaiid's Journal, Vol. VI., 433.
Kj.idi^mic from breast-drawing, (See Epidemics).
Heisler, I. Budapest (Clinic of S. Rona).
Orvi/SL Hetilnp., 1S91, No. & (Monatsh. f. prakt. Derm. XIL, 1891, p. 419).
1) Case, chancre of chin, in sj-year-old virgin, from a kiss,
a) Case, chancre of left tonsil, m lo-year-old boy, from eating or drink-
ing ware.
Heister, L. Helmstadt. Univ. Prof, of Medicine.
■■Compend. Med. Pract." Venetiis, 1763 (Giktanner, 97B).
Syphilis acquired from a nurse.
H^iodorc, R.
" Dcs diffurents mode.'; de transm. de la syph. chcz les Nouveanx-n&"
These de Paris, 1852, 48.*
Helweg.
Dissertatio de sic dicla Psentlo-Syphilide. pra;sertim ca. quse nonatillia
Morbus Dithmarsiensis audit. Ada regiK soc. med. Haven, Vol.
VI,, p, s;7 (quoted by Botc'K "Traite d. 1. Radesygc" etc., 1S60,
P- 47}-"
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 303
Henning, J.
Horn's Arch i v., 1813, Bd. 41. p. 103 {Hacker, p. I3»). (Dietehich "Die
Krankheils Familie Syphilis," Landhul, 1*41, Vol. I., p. 137).
i) Case, alieged transmission by a hat band.
3) Case, alleged transmissioH by cigars, infected by the cigar-rollers.
Henri-de-Saint-Araould. Paris.
(Cited by Velpeau, Bull, de I'Acad. de med., 1S53).
Case, nurse infected by nursling,
Henrot, H. Reims. Faculty Prof, of Therapy.
Union mM. et scient. Nord-est, Reims, i9Si, V,. p, 243.
Case, infant infected by diy-nurse; also the mother of infant, from the
child.
Benn, H. H. New York. Stale Emigrants Hospital.
American Joum, Syphilog. and Dermatol., 1S74, p. 354.
I) Case, chancre of lower lip from kissing, man infected by mistress,
site of razor cuL
a) Case, chancre of loner lip, source unknown.
3) Cose, chancre of cheek, from it bite.
4) Caiie. chancre back of hand, source unknown.
Hensler, Ph. G.
"Geschichte der Lustseuchc." etc., Altona, 17S3.
Hal^, 1746. (See AuiEHTi).
Herard. Paris.
Gaz. desHAp., 1663, p. 497.
1) Case, chancre at site of vaccination.
Annales de Derm, et de Syph,, 18S7, p. 36,
2) Case, chancre of nipple, in 63-year-old man, from kissing or bite.
Hermet. Paris.
Annales de Derm, et de Syph., 18S6, p. 87,
Case, chancre in fumiw behind car in 24-year-old woman; Infection
from hu.sband. (Service of Foun.MEit).
Herrier. Rive-de-Gier.
(VlEN.suis. q. v., "Rechcrches sur le chan. prim." These dc Paris. 1&60,
p. 65).
Case, of glass-blower, inoculated by comrade througii blow-pipe, seen
in 1853.
Herrienx. Paris.
BuU. de I'Acad. de mod., isSS, XXII., p. 116 (L'Uuion med., 1589(48),
Five cases of vaccinal syphilis ; a later report (La Semainc med., 1889,
No. 50; Viertelj. f. Derm. u. Syph., iSejq, p. 692), declares that these
were not syphilis, but simply ulcerative, with impetiginous sequela!.
Heracnatcln, G. M.
Vratsch. 1S91, No. iS, p, ^56 {Monalsh. f, prakt. Derm. XIII., 1891, p. 49).
I) Of 11,808 nurslings, in foundling asylum. 307 had hereditar>' syphilis;
from 1881-85, 33 nurses acquired chancre of the breast, and 8 mcm-
* bers of their families became infected ; of 44,728 children in the
families sending out the other children to nurse. 1 1 1 became infected
extra-gen i tally.
"Syphilis in Russia," St. Petersburg, 1885, Vol. I. p, 436.
a) Statement: syphilis is sometimes spread through v"
TciiOHZNiCKi recentlysaivalongseriesofsuchcaBts; 01 iyy_,
live cases of syphilis observed bj a physician of Rylsk, 4 were of
vaccinal origin; two cases of the kind were reported by a practitioner
of Tatij ; one by Dr. Tciiivuakukf; several by Dr. VCkoluff. The
304 SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
Svetfich (iSBj, No. 9) reports the case of an advocate of Kiew who
contracted syphilis through vaccination, the vaccinator was fined.
Report of Commission to protect nurses and nurslings against syphilis
(Vratsch., No. 6, iSgi. p. 185).
3) Statement : svphilization of wet-nurses a most common occurrence in
private fouudimg homes in Russia.
Heurtaux. Nantes.
GttK. m6d. de Nantes, 1SB3-4, II., p. 83.
L'ase, chancre of the lip, removed for epithelioma.
Hey, T. Leeds.
Medico-Chirurgica] Transactions. Vol. VII.
Small epidemic from breasi^drawing. 1770-71 ; ablind woman acquiring
chancre iif the lip in her occupation, infected others. (See Law-
Heyfelder, O. Russian Military Service, Surgeon-General.
" UcbertraEung vm Syph. durch Kijsse." Hcxdelberger med. Annalen..
1842, ffft 4 (PnoKscH "Die Litteratur iitier die vener. Krankb."
Bonn., iSni, Erster Bd., p. 327),
(Reported by Heine, q. v.).
Episode of vacci no-syphilis at Frienfels, 1853, reported at the trial of the
vaccinator HObnem. (See Eschekioi, HThnex. and Epidemics).
"Ulcere svph. des paupieres." Annales d'oculistique, Bruxelles, 1855,
XXXlX',. pp. 92-iou. (Proksc-h. ■• Die Litteratur uber die vener.
Krankh.." Bonn, iSgi, 31c Bd., p. 351).
Hejlen de Hetenthals. Antwerp.
Annul, d. 1. Soc. Mid. d'Anvers (Gaz. des H6p.. Paris, iS45> ^^ S'S)-
Svpbilis in a four-year-old girl, probable chancre of upper lip.
Hibbert.
Historical remarks fin Vaws and Sibbens, considered as identical nffec-
tion.s. Bdinb. Journ. Med. Sci., iBad, I., 387-290.*
Hildanus, F. Berne.
(Cited by AcTiiN, BehkF-NTi's Syphilidologie, Vol. III., i34i, p. 513).
1) Case, chancre, acquired from weariiiK infected pantaloons.
(Cited by Rl.s^N viin Riisensteih "Kinderkrankheiten," GOttingen, 1798,
P- 7^7)-
1) Case, iiifcLiii.n from sleeping with a syphilitic man.
s) Cuvv, iiiditum of young chambermaid from wearing stockings of a
Hill, B. Londr,n. Lock Hospital, Univ. Prof. ofSurgery.
Lancet, London, 19(14, l-i P- fHjd. also "Syptiilis and local contagious
disorders," Phila., ie6rj (p. 57).
i| Case, chancre uf cheek, from inoculation of wound by suctioii to
prevent :i black eye.
;i i,a-.L-, iiii!--liii>.' infecled by nurse.
'■ > VI ill 1 11-. jimI Umil contagious disorders,'' London, iSBi.
, I 1. a~i. , I li.aicre uf gum, from using a touel {p. 34).
4) i.'a--L-. ill, mere of mouth, nursling from infected nurse-mother (p. 70).
Hillairet, J. B. Tiiris. Iloj). St. Louis.
Soc. med. des Hop., disiussiun on Eustachian infection. L'Union mfcd.
XXIV., iS(,4 ip. 21(1).
] ) Casu. of Eustachian infection, in a pharmacist.
2j Case, of same In an old lady, over sixty.
3) Three other caiics. nut ]i articular lied.
(For other cases of HiLLAlKti, hce A. Cii.lbkikk, Fuirnier, and Jullie.n).
Hime. Sheffield,
■■ Extensive diffusion of Syphilid traced to a midwife," Brit Med. Joum,,
iSf^jip. 12H-
Aboui 30 married women iiilecled by a midwife: g husbands then
xvrr.i
ANALYT/CAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 305
infected by their wives ^nd also two infants (the same epidemic in the
courts) p. 335. (See Epidemics).
Hjelt, O. Helsingtore, Univ. Prof, Le^al Medicine and Hygiene.
" Die Verbreitung d. vener. Krank, in Finnland," Bedin, 187^
1) Epidemic of syphilis from cupping at Hakola, i9s8 (p. 14).
3) Epidemic of same at Topparla, about the same time.
3) Epidemic of same at LMeaborger, i36o, {See Epidemics). 1'
igs Hospital,
n de Endemiske Hudaygdomme. Norsk, mag. f.
, 1840, 1,. 1-15. {Trans, in Zcitsch. f. d. ges. med., Hamb., 1841,
-22, also quoted in Boeck " Traitfe d. 1. Radesyge," etc., 1S60,
p. 23). •
1) A full description of Radesyge.
Norsk mag. f. Laeger. Vol. IX., 1B44, p. 97.
2) Epidemic of family-syphilis; in one day H'^ clinic was visited by 21
syphilitics, who were members of six families.
^Wiener Klinik. 1876, 11.. Heft 3-4, p. 65-m9,
Statement by BijttK: among 2344 cases of syphilis there was only one
case of chancre of the eyelid.
Hoffman, F. Halle. Univ. Prof, of Medicine.
" Medicine Ralionalis Systematics." t. IV., 1739, p. 173.
1) Boy of 12 years, witb recent syphilis, probably chancre of nose, from
a man-servant with recent syphihs.
2) A whole family infected from a nurse.
Holl, J. S. Halle. (See Stahc, G. E.).
Holm, N. Copenhagen. General Hospital. (Service of Dr. Enolested).
"On the course of temperature in syphilitic children." Hosp. Tidende,
2, R. VII., 2, 3, 1880 (Viertelj. f. Derm. u. Syph.. 1881, p. 148).
Eight cases of acquired syphilis in infants.
Holmes, E. L. Chicago. Prof. Diseases Eye and Ear, Rush Med. College.
Chicago Med. Journ. and Examiner, 1S8; p. 296 .
1) Two cases, chancre of ujiper eyelid, source of infection not known.
3) Case, chancre of caruncle, in young physician, mode of infection not
Holaten, G. D. Brooklyn. N. Y.
Brooklyn UermatoK and Genito-Urin. Soc. Meeting, April i, 1892.
(Monatsh. f. prakt. Derm., Vol. XV., iSgz, p. 194).
Case, chancre, tiji of little finger of left hand in a man.
Holthouse, London. Westminster Hospital.
Lancet. London, i9fio, I., p. 573.
Case, chancre of the finger.
Homolle, G. Paris. HAp. St. Louis.
"Syphilis." Nouveau Diet, de Mdd. et Chirurg. prat. 1883.
Inoculation of syphilis by opening furuncle— by excising vegetations.
Names and references not given (p. (17a).
Horaild. Lyons. Chief Surgeon, Antiquaillc.
(Reported by Jt lues, Traite des mal.ven.. Paris, 18SG. p. 586),
Case, chancre of left upper eyelid.
Honiiiii^, J.
■'Cista medica." 1(124. P- 423 (see Lammert).
Epidemic of syjihilis from acarificatiou, during 1596.99 .about Altdorf.
(See Epidemics).
Horst, G. Ulm.
■'Observ. Medicinal. Surg." lib, IL, "de raorb. cuntajf.'' Ulm. 1628,
(Gi«-
3o6 SYPUiLlS JNSONTIUM
i) Case, a servant-maid, who slept with iha mistress of a man, was
infected by direct contact or through bedding.
2) Case, a. citizen of Ulm, 1632, was infected at a bathing establishment,
by the cop-head or Mcarificalor,
"Epistol. medicinal" de maliturascarificationis."
3) Report of epidemic from cuppipg. seen by Snitzkb. in 1603.
4) Report by WiriMAHN,' q. v. of epidemic from cupping, in 1624; over
70 persons infected.
Horteloup, E. and P.
Bull, dc I'Acad., Paris, 1877-S; 1879. V., p. 64-SS. (Ann. d'hyg. pub. et
de ratt. I^g.. Paris. 1877. XLVIIl., p. 116-151).
Case. nuTSc infected by nursling.
Horteloup, P. Paris. Hfyp. do Midi.
La France m^d.. Paris, i38i, U., pp. 133, 146, 157. (See Lefrovost).
1) Case, chancre of inner angle of eyelid.
2) Case, chancre of left cheek, from bite, (Simonet).
3) Case, chancre of left thumb.
4) Infection of 3-year-old child by using brush of his father (quoted
from " an American Journal, " no reference),
(See also cases cited by Uiuier, J[I^Ll)i:^', and Vicuier).
Houghton, J. H,
Briii^h Med. Jonm., London, 18(16. p, 223.
Leisl', syphilis after vaccination in a child 4 months old.
Howard, J, London.
" l'r:ittical Oh^ierv, on the nat. hist, and the cure of the ven. disease,"
L.mii'in, i>^o6. Vol. I., p. 156,
Ca-.u, LliaiKiu of the hand in a medical man, from necropsy (od the
pi'iiis lit' \\\v deceased body was a chancrous excoriation).
Hubbard, G, H, I.ntc Brev't-Col. and Surg., U. S, Army.
Med, :iii(l Siir:,,', Reporter, Phila,, liUh. XIV., p. 103.
i;])iikriiii ijf vaccmal syphilis; more than 500 soldiers infected. (See
Hiihner. I'n<.'nfc!s.
" Erfahrunyen uber Vaccine an svpliilitiscb Krankens mit Ruclcsicht auf
die Angelegenheit des Gerichlarztes," Wien, 1B55. Nouveau Diet.
de med. et de chir. prat., Paris, 1683, Vol. XXXIV., p, 673 (Gai.
hebdom,, 1S55, May g, p, i7fi).
EpidemiL''if vaccinosj'philis. 13 children were vaccinated in 1852, of themS
were infeclcd, and from these their nnrses and mothers; two mothers
hull iliancrcs i>f left forearm from contact; several nurses acquired
thantrL-s uf the bruast; an old servant, chancre of the face; from one
of the ni'ii-infccted children 35 mure were vaccinated and only one
became infected. Dr. il. was tried in court and was sentenced to
prison for six weeks — the first trial in court of a phvsician for vaccino-
syphilis. (See lisjciiERicH, Hei.ve, Heyfelijer, and lipidemica).
Hue. A, Paris.
La Francf rakl., 1&B3 (p. 752). (Annales de Derm, et de Svph., 1884, pp.
5;-:7).
Case, chancre of right tonsil in a man (service of Pean).
Hiiebener, E, A. L.
1) Ml- niiirtiL ilithmarsici nalura de indiiJe. Dissert. Inaug., Kiliie, i8ai.
■2\ Ti hi.-LiiiL[iiss uiid Cur dcr sogananntcn Dithmarsiscben Krtmlcheit,
Huteland, C. W. Hcrim. Univ. Prof, of Medicine.
"Art of proUmgitig life," London, 171)7 (from the original " Maltrobiotik,"
1711(1. Hlst, Helkologie Beriin, 1S43, p. 84(1).
Case, syphilis acquired from a tobncco-pipe (Vol. IL, p. 103, note).
AHALYTICAL BIBLIOCRAPIIY 30?
Hugfuier, P. Ch. Paris. H6p. de Lourcine.
' ■ Legoos aur les malad. ven6r. chei la femme" (Behrend's Syphilidologie
Bd, v., p. 590).
i) Case of bilateral cbancre of ocular conjanctiva.
Discussion of Soc, dt Chinirg. de Paris, Bulletin de la Soc.. 1844. (Cited
in Behrend's Archiv f. Syjih. u. Hautkr. B. I.. 1846, p. 157).
1) Two cases of infection of little girls at pudenda, from use of infected
sponges.
Htilke. London. Middlesex Hospital.
Med. Times and Gaz.. London. 1675, IL, Oct. si, p. 462.
Case, chancre of lower lip,
Hulot, A. Paris.
Annales de Derm, et de Syph., 1879, p. zq.
Notes of 19 cases of extra-genital chancre, seen in Fourmer's clinic in
1377 : chancre of tonsil, 3 ; nose, 3 ; neck, 3 ; finger, a ; cheek, 1 ; chin,
1 : evelid, I ; gum i ; external ear, i ; breast, i ; abdomen. 1 ; over
trochanter ma}or, i.
HUnefeld, L.
Die Radesyge oder das scnndiravische Syphiloid, Ijcipzig, i8i8.
Contains a full biblioyraphy of the subject.
Hunter, J. London. St. George's Hospital.
•'Treatise on the Venereal Disease, with Adams' Commentary; American
edit., Phila., 1S1&.
1) Case, chancre of lip (prolabium) in a man, "probably from auto-
infection by the fingers " (p. 199).
a) Case, chancre of breast, nurse from nursling (p. 357).
3) Case, nurse infected by child of last case (p. 358).
4) Two nursesanri two children infectBdfromonesj'phiIiticchild(p. 359).
5) Two cases of infection from transplanting teeth (p. 361).
Hutchinson, J. London. Surgeon to London and Royal London Ophthal, Hosp.
Med. Times and Gaz., London, 165(1, Oct. 11, pp. 3M1-7I'
1) Fifty cases of infection from the fcetus to the mother.
Lancet, London, i36i. II.. p. 337,
3) Case, chancre of right thumb, in a midwife.
Med, Times and Gai., London, 1871, II.. p. 705.
3) Case, chancre of right knuckle, in a policeman, by Rghtiog.
Transact. Royal Med. and Chir. Soc., London. VoL IV'., 1871.
4) 19 casw, ten chancres and nineinfections aftervaccination(pp. 2, 16).
Med. ^Tillies and Ga/., London, 187a, II., p. 5'5.
5) C.ise, thancre of finger, in a man 31 years old.
Med. Times and Ga«., London, 187a, I., p. 431.
6) Case, chancre of right upper eyelid, in a man ay years old.
Med. Times and Gaz,, London, Ni>v., 1872 (Amer. joum. of Syph. and
Dermat. Vol IV., 1873, p. tu?).
7) Case, chancre of the finger, from using a towel.
Med. Times and Gai., London, 1873, 1., p. 12I1 (also Lancet, 1873, I.,
pp. 1&9. 175).
8) Two cases, chancre and infection after vaccination.
Med. Times and Gai., London, 1877, I., p. 307.
■ q) Case, chancre of the tongue, in awoman.
"IlIuBtrationsoE Clinical Surgery." Fascic. VI., London, 1877.
A masterly presentation of the subject of Vacciiial-Syphilis, reviewing
six series of personal cases, with four plates illustrating vaccination
10) First series ; twelve vaccinated, ten infected (p. 1 1 5).
11) Second series; many vaccinated, nine infected, suspicious symptoms
in six others (nnder care of Mr. Waren Ta^. q. v.) (p. 122).
n) Third series; several vaccinated, one infected, man aged 46 (p. 125).
A SYPHJUS ISSOSTIUM
13) Fonrth series; three vaccinated, one infected, woman aged 46 (pw laSV
14) Fifth series-, two infants infected, one of them infects its Btotlier at
nipple, and she her basband on penis (p. iiS).
15) Sisth series; one case, a ladf, vaccinated in India (p. 129).
L^cet, London, 1679. 1., p. 619.
16) Case, chancre of upper Up.
"Syphilis." l..ondoD, lii-;.
17) Eight cases, chancre of the finger (pp. 96. 13a, 134. jM* 473>
iS) Three coses, chancie of nipple (pp. 101, iiS, izol (Lees' Case),
19) Ttiree cases, chancre of the tongne (p. loi : plate 111).
30) Two cases, chancre of the tonsil (p. lot).
21) Two cases, chancre of the lip (pp. ija, 468).
31) Abont z6 cases, infection after vaccination ipp. lo). 107. 109) (Case
of Dr. C).
>3) Seven cases, infection after circumcision (p. ii;)(ilACNAMARA's Case).
24) Three cases, infection in lying-in women, by physician or midwife
,K.„"
1. chancre of ocular conjunctiva (p. loi).
16) Case, chancre of palm of hand (p. 101 ).
37) Case, chancre middle of sole of foot (p. 101).
78) Two cases, infection, policemen fn.m injuries (p. 103).
39) Case, chancre in several places, in a sailor, from bit^ (pt itn),
30} Cose, chancre on une labium, child one year old (p. iiS),
31) Ca.sc, chancre on one of the nates ip. 134).
33) Case, ciiancre of tonsil in man from feeding-bottle (p. 3B3).
British Med. Joum., i^Ss, II., i<. 1199.
33) Case, chancre of Ihe knuckle.
Archiv. of Surgery, iS'io, Vol. 1., p. 53.
34) Case, chancre of the lip, in a man 30 years of age.
Juchiv. of Surgerj-, 1S91. Vul. II., p. 170-337.
35)Twocases cliancrL-iif the finger.
Archiv, of SurKery, 1S92, VoL III., p. 152.
36} Case, chancre of check, a little external to the left commissure <A Mat
lips. Mode of infection, sei, and age of patient not given.
Hutchinson, Jonathan, Jr. London.
Intematiurial Med. Annua!. loth year. iSgs, p. 451.
I) Case, chancre of occiput.
z) Case, chancre of heel. (Infection in both by ni'.ans of dressings to
small woundsi.
Hutin, J. M. I'clix. Paris. Hotel des Invalids.
■■ Ri.i.hi II I"-, --iir Il-s Uliiuages," Paris, 1853 (p. 10). iLes Comptes rendus
1!. ! .\..^i.;i 111 lie med. t. XVIII., p. 349).
i.:l-.i;, svliiiii Hir-tulated by lattooer with primary syphilis, at H&p. Val
Hyde, las, Nevins. Chicago. L'. S. A.
Ch».li^;.. Med. Jcmrn. and Exam., liyS. XXXVII., p. 457.
Cait, ihancru. radial border iif riyht ihuniti in 14-vear-old nurse from
il..rslin«.
Idelson, I. S. Kivtchcv. Russia.
.'\nnuul <-f Ml-;i. .Sti , iSas, Vol. II., p. 454,
1) Ciisf 111 Vll■,l^^^-^Il, i.|. v.i. three chancres of left fore-finger.
Vralsili, liM^i, Nu. M. p. 374 (St. Ltiuis Med. and Surg. Joum., June, iSgi,
I'- 3''?)'
2) Case, chancre o( the chin, acquired in a barber shop.
iiisch, J. J.
"Uie jiiewiihnlichcn Krankh. des fflenschl. KcJrpers, mit besond. Beriehung
aUf die Landbewohner det ( Jstseeprovinzen u. d. russ. Reiches.
Dorpat u. Higu, 11*22" (Hr.NKFEi.i) ■■Railesyge etc.,*' iflsH).
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 309
Inctl.
Three cases, chancre of the toasil (see Maim '),
Jacquet, B, Laibach. Univ. Prof, of Surgery.
Nov. Act. . . . Acad. Nat Cur., VI., Norimb., 1776. (Obs, 64. p. 30a).
{GlRTANNKK, No. .55(').
Case, nxirse infected by nursling.
jMlasaohn.
Verhandl. der Schlesisehen Gesellsch. f. VoterlHnd. Cullur, 1890. Archiv
f. Derm, u. Syph., Vol, 23, 1891, p. 788,
Case, chancre of tonsil, in 28-yeaT-old patient, source unknown.
J.«6,I. Lctp^iK-
■■Uiu li'ii! :i. '. ■!■ liriiLision." . . . Leipzig, 18S6.
CiiL" ■ ■ ■ .Ltuin: cases of Bbeckek, Vanlek, von Pitha, SolO-
■■:■ - : ' 11 Li. and Ouau.iski (p. 31-38).
Jkkinovitcli, N, N, --■ ivit-rsburg.
Vratsch, i.-yi. No. 1. p. 21 (Joarn. of Laryngology, July, iSgi, p. 379).
Case, fhaiitrt of the left tonsil, in man 23 years old. source unknown.
Jkkoleff, S. 5.
Verhandl, der russ. sj'ph.-demi. Gesellsch., St. Petersburg, Vratsch,
1890, N(>. i9, p. 416 (Monatsli, f. praltt. Derm, 1890, Vol, XI., p. 69),
1) Case, chancre of lower lip, in i4-year-oi(i girl, from kissing.
Verhandl. der russ. svph.-derm. Gesellsch., St Petersburg, Sitz., Apr.
ay, iSi)i. Vratscli, 1891, No. 18 (Monatsh. f. prakt. Derm. i8cji. Vol.
XIII., p. 4S).
21 Case, chancre, left corner of mouth, in sS-year-okl «'oman, probably
from a cigarette.
3) Case, chancre, right corner of mouth, in si-year-old man.
JkiDtsl^, A. 1. Tikhvin, North Russia,
Vratsch, iSqa, No. 4, p. 74.
i) Statistics: among Z540 miscellaneous cases in 5 rural districts, (total
inhabitants <)879) 1 47percenl were syphilitic, mainly from family life,
») Small family ejiidemic of s>-phili5, introduced by dry-nucaes.
3} Cases, laborer infects 6 of a fumily, iiiiiucently.
J*gn, G. Paris.
" De la syphilis dt- roreille." These de Paris, 1884.
Case, chancre of the ear. (Sec Lavkhi.M! and Pekkin').
Jelzina, S.
Vruisch, \i-h-i, Nos. 30-51; Vratsch, 1884, Nos. S-g (Archiv f. Derm. u.
Syjih.. i^ig, p. 242).
i| Aiiiiiiii,' Russian peasantry, the spread of sj-philis is generally by
fxtra-gL-tiital means: thus, of 55 syphilitic women, only 3 were
infected by coitus 2 from nursing, 45 from family life, and a
hereditarily.
Russian dermat. and svph. Sue. Jan. 28, iSSg (Archiv f. Uerni, n. Syph.,
1889, p. 243).
») Case, chancre of finger, m a is-mimths-old child.
Jenkini, J. O. Newport, Ky. L". S. A.
Pliila. Med. News, Aug. 30, 18157.
Case of vaecino-syphilis, vaccinatimi wilh liarbor'.s razor.
Jenniker.
Geschichtlich. administrativer Hauplberieht iiber die SktSrljevo Heilan-
statten zu Fiume und Portore. Med. Jahrbiichern des Osterr. Kaiser-
Btaates, 1S19, 1820, Bd. V., a St.*
Jtiiasoi), G. Cambridge, England,
British Med. Jour, Aug., iSdo.
i) Case, chancre of nipple, in woman from kiss by lover (p. 64,^).
310 SYPHILIS JXSONTJUM
z) Case, nurse infected by syphilitic infant, case before civil tribunal in
France (p. 713).
Joly, L. Brussels,
Joum. de m&ci. de chir. el: de pharm. de BmxeUes. i3s3, p. 91.
Epidemic of syphilis at Alsemboorg, 1353. Notes of individual coses
by Seutin, including the case of ihe breast-drawer, a ten-year-old
boy, with chancre of the tonsil, from his mother's nipple, she having
been infected by a nnrslmg. (See Epidemics).
Jones, J. Nashville, Tenn. Prof, of Phys. and Path. Univ. of Nashville.
"Researches on Spurious Vaccination," 1867 (Nashville Journ. of Med.
and Surg., New Ser., Vol. II., 1867, pp. 1, Ki, ifai).
Three epidemics of vaccino-syphilis. occurring among soldiers of the
CtinfeOeratc armies. Also account of epidemics obser\ed by Pehq-
VAL and Hlhharu. (See Epidemics).
Jones, S. London. St. Thomas Hospital.
Brit. Med. Joum., March 1872, I., p. 313.
Case, chancre of left hand, from a bite in a man of 42 years.
Jordanus, T. Brunn. Archiater of the Province.
"Brunmi-Gallicus seu Luis r '■— *'-
s '■ De Morbo Gallico Scriptores," pp. 496-581).
Epidemic at Brunn, Moravia, 1577, from cupping, described in the year
following the outbreak, (See Epidemics),
Josias, A. French Military. (Ser\'ice of Suionf.t),
Progres Medicale. 1S77. p. 205.
Epidemic from tattooing, nine soldiers inoculated by a syphilitic tat-
looer. (See Epidemics).
Juler, H. E. London. Ophthalmologist, St. Mary's Hosp. and Royal West-
minster Ophthalmic Hosp.
Two cases, chancre of conjunctiva, in young women (see DeBeck"),
Jullien, L. Pans.
■'Traitcdes malad. vener." id ed.p Paris, i386.
1) Statement: Hehas'-seen more than 00c grand-mother victim other
affection for her grand-child."
2) Case, woman infected from a syringe of a syphilitic friend (p. 506).
3) Case, chancre of neck, from bed clothing.
4) Cases of DiiiAv's, unpublished:
a) Two cases of anal chancre in infants from towels or napkins, ete.
(p. 507).
h) Case of infection, by a kitchen spoon, which is parallel with
Rin.LE'i''s case (p. 507).
5) Cases of chancre of external ear; Jillien saw "two or three " at the
Antiijuaille.
6) Case, chancre of tonsil, service of Vehneuil, in an old woman from
drinkini,'-ylas<:(p. 5 S3— woodcut J.
7) Case or discs kA Cip.—i.i.in, fri>nl Eustachian infection (p. 506).
S.) i;asoorllui,ri[..i !■■-, v!---:.-r<'l-'ii.'.!-iiurc..f tongue (p. 581).
9) Case of Hin ^ !i ■■ ' ■■■ --|i.
10) Caseof La ,■...■ ■ ---=.).
11) Case,ch:mi-ii--. . i. ,. ■ ■ ■ ■ , . ■ V n^ (p. y,-,\.
12) Cftsuuf]'. I'liLi/. 1! I .,ii;.' .i.li.... 1 li.tiiLTi: of breast in mother
13) Case, chancre, fini;t-r, in jphysiciaii, contact with chancre of scrotum
(p. 537'-
Cited in TiLLMAN.s'i, l.ehrbuch dcr allgcm. Chirurg., Leipiig, 18S8,
(Archiv f, Uenn. u, Syph.. \%\f.\ p. 501).
14) Proportion of extra-genital chancre, 5 lu (i per tent, in men and 35 to
zb per cent, in women.
ANALYTICAL BJBLIOGRAPHY Z^l
Jnfflon. L. Paris.
"fitude sur la syphilis ignorfe." These de Paris, iBSo.
l) Case of Foihmer's, young woman, chancre, calf of leg, in site of
wound which was sucted by a youth {p. 26).
3) Case of BASSEkGAr's, chancre in site of wound made in excising
gonoirhteal vegetations.
3) Case of Fournlek's chancre of hand in a physician.
4) Case of Fourmer's, infection per oa of a medical man, by paper-
knife used previously as tongue depressor on a syphilitic (p, 30).
5) Case of Foitrmek's, thancre of anterior femoral region, from holding
a lightly clad woman in lap.
Jnnfluet. Montpellier.
Gaa. med. de Montpellier, Aug., 1659.
i) Two nurses infected by nurslings
a) One of these infects her mitthei in-law.
3) The other nurse infects her husbar.d and child.
Kftpwi, M. Vienna. Royal Imperial Gen. Hoap. Div. for Skin Diseases.
"Syphilis der Schleimhaut, ' Wicn, 18(16.
1) Case cbancre of lower lip in a girl, from bite of lover fp. 63).
Syphilis der Haut und d. angrSnz. Schleimhaute. Atlas, Wien, 1873.
at Two cases, chancre of penis in Jewish infants from circumcision.
3) Case, chancre of finger in hijspital attendant
4) Case, chancre of chin from abite, (Both latter in Zeissls Atlaa, 1875).
5) Two cases, chancre of tongue, in old woman, and young girl, sourca
" Pathol, und Therap. der Syph.,"' Stuttgart, iSSi.
6) Case, chancre of the hairy scalp (p. 61).
7) Case, chancre of left cheek, in an old man (p. 6a).
Archiv f. Derm, u, Syph., Vol. XXIV., i8gi, p. 842.
S) Case, chancre of lower lip ia a man, cause not given.
Arbeit des a te Gouv. Congr. dor Kursk' Landsch., Lief I., Kursk, 1884.
Cited by Herkenstein, ''Svph. in Russland" (Archiv f. Derm, u, Syph.,
iS3i, p. 243).
Largest jjercentage of extra-genital ^yphiliM5 in children from one to ten
years of age, or as pur tent.
Kaivmcneiiko, S. Odessa
Zemsk. Med. Khersonskoi Gubemi, iSSS, p. 251.
i) Four women infected through nursing; oi:c infected own child.
») Peasani, married man, aged 24, infected by fellow-laborer during
field work ; he shortly infected his father aged 60, brother aged 11
and three sisters aged, 18, 16 and 6.
3) Above little girl, aged {1, infected a neighbor's child during play.
4) Peasant woman and her two children infeuted by neighl>or's child.
KKTerin, V. Uijni. Korcilchan, Voronej Gov., Russia.
''Concerning public prophvlax. of Syph." Mcditz. Bcseda, 18B7, No. 9
(p. aig).
i) Nurse infected two children,
a) Nurse infected one child.
3) A cook infected two children, the latter transmitted Ihe disease to its
father and mother,
KMotoffA. Cronstadt.. Phys. impcr., Russian Marine.
Annales de Derm, et de Syph., Paris, ispj. p. jad,
Small epidemic of circumcision syphilis; three infants infected, each
communicates disea.se to mother by lactation.
Kefarar, F. A.
Prakt. Ant,, Wet^tlar. 1SS3. XXIV.. p. 49.
Infection of nipple.
312 SYPHILIS IWSONTIUM
Kemme, Johannes Christlieb, and Milloradovics, Petrus Gnbrielow.
" IJis^rtation inaiig. d« innocenti infectiont: venerea. Halo; Magdeburg;!*
cas, i-t)7(p. 24).*
Kenny. Melbimme.
Australasian Med. Journ., 1SS9. XI., No. 9, p. 4x8.
Case, thancre tin under surface of the tongue.
Kessler. Dorpat. Univ. Prof, of Midwifery.
Vratsch, No. 34, 18S3, (p. 540) (Canstatt Jahrbuch).
Case uf circumcision syphilis, infant aged 18 days.
Keyes, E. L. New York. Surgeon to Charily HospitaL
"A practical treatise on and Syphilis," (Van Buhen and Keves),
N. Y,, 1874-
1) Case, chancre of right arm from carrying syphilitic infant (p. 5IJ).
a) Case, chancre of lip, frnm kissing fia'nc^ (p. 522).
3) Ca.se, chancre of upper lip, from tobacco-pipe (p. 513).
Archives of Dermatology, 1S7S, p. \ib.
4) Cose, multiple chancre of breasts, from nursling.
"The Venereal Diseases." New York (Wood's Library, 18S0).
5) Two cases, chancre of Up from kissing [p. 8B).
6) Ca.se, chancre of lip, from tobacco-pipe (p. 83) (same as above?).
Joiii-uiil K.\ Ciiiari. and Ven. Dis., New York, 1S86, p. 2a.
7) C.i-.i. -■\])liLlis accidentally acquired.
Kilian, |;..nii. Vww. Prof, of Obstetrics.
II C.t'-t, ii'.irilmg, chancre of eyelid and lip, source unknown unleaB
2) Citsf. imrslinij infected through dry-nurse, who chewed its food.
1) Cu-.!., luii^u from preceding nursling, by lactation.
Kinsman, D. N.
Cltvi^land Moil. Gai,. iSSj-li, I., 494.
Kirkpatrick, Robt, C. Montreal, Canada. Asst. Surgeon, .Montreal Gen.
H.isn.
V Yort ^
t Med. Journ., Vol. LVI.. No, 27. p. 745.
Case, chancre left side lower lip, in married man of 42 years, from a
cigar made by a syphilitic.
Klein. Andernach.
[Reported by RuTHENiifRr., q. v., Obs. iv.).
1) Epidemic at Andernach, iSi(:-i7, beginning as vaccino-syphilis, and
continued through domestic infection. (See Epidemics).
■' Die rituelle Circumcision, eire sanitats Frage" Allgem. Med. Central
Zeifg, Berlin, 1853, No. 3r), p. 311,
2) Mention of several cases, infection after circumcision.
, . p. 30S.
Case, chancre of lip, from applying to chapped lip vaseline used upon a
Klink, E. Warsaw, Pi.land.
Gaiwt lecar^lca, loSo, No. i.
Statistics: combined ligures of hard anil soft primary sores, total 2846;
breast 24, liiigtrs 4, nose 2, " head " 2, tongue 1, foot 1.
Kloli, H. G. Ni-'w York.
Journal of CiH.in. and Cenito-Urin. Diseases. N. Y., iStjl, p. 298.
Ciise, ilianert-. front aspect of the lower third of left thigh, in sS-year-old
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
Statement: Kluge believed that ci^<
Boliva, but by hands soiled with
cited).
Cnapp, H, New York, Prof, of Ophthal.. Coll. of Phya. and Surgeons.
Ue Beck, q. v. " Hard chancre of the eyelids," etc., 1886.
Cases, chancre of the eyelids. (No notes given).
{niebt, C, H. New York.
New York Med. Journal. 1884. XXXIX., p. (*2.
I) Case, chancre of tonsil, in a woman, from using same (ientriJicc with
her syphilitic nephew.
a) Case, chancre left tonsil (Bi'msteah).
CObncT, H. Breslau. Univ. Clinic for Rkin Dis. and Syphilis.
'■Klin. 11. experiment. Mittbeil.ausder Dermatol, u. Syph.,"Erlangen, 1864.
(Reprint of articles in Deutsch Klinik, i^fi2, :863).
1) Close, chancre, back wall of pharynx; from spoon-feeding her infant
nephew (p. 54).
2) Case, mfectifin per os of a 6-year-old boy, whose mother was suffer-
ing from a relapse of former syphilis (p. 58).
3) Case, acquired syphilis in a 3;^-year-»ld child, from bathing in water
used by syphilitic father with intertrigo (mucous patches) of toes
Cp- S8).
4) Case, infant of 1 year, infected by mother's kisses (p. 61).
5) Case, the above infant infected its grand-mother through bottle-
feediQj{.
b) Case, infant infected by its foster-mother, method not stated (p. 61).
7) Ca.se. chancre of arch of palate, infected by her srand-cblld (p. 61).
8) Family epidemic: of syphilis, occasion of suit for damages (p. 63).
9) Case, chancre of finger 111 a midwife from professional exposure
(p. b4).
10} Case, patient infected by opening axillary boil with sailed lancet
(p. 65).
11) Case, patient infected by scarifying scrotum for epididymitis with
soiled instrument (p. t..
Archiv f. Derm. u. Syph. Ul,. 1871. pp. 133, 507.
la) Case of vaccino-sypbilis, in a young physician (p. 139).
13) Casfi of vaccino-syphilis, child i years old, died d months later
(p. 144).
14) Table of principal epidemics of vaccinal-syphilis (p. 1 51;).
CotPTl'Di W. A. St. Petersburg. Kalinkin >Iosp.
(Cited by Peieksen, monatsh. f. prakt. Dermat. rSSS, p. yxfi.
Six cases, chancre of the breast, among 77 cases of recent sv'philis seen
during 1 8 So.
Cocerar. District -Physician of Cilli, in Styria, Austria.
"Zur Impfgeschicnte vom S. Marieu," Ann. Rep. for i86g, Allg. Wien.
Med. Zeit'g, 1870. Ko. 21 (p. 266) (Viertelj. f. Derm. u. Syph. II.,
p- 453).
Epidemic of vaccino-syphili.s in two parishes, remarkable for the num-
ber and variety of infectiaus: 31 infants infected, from these ic| mothers
and II other children were in turn infected, (Sec Epidemits).
<och.
Wiener med. Blatter, 1SS7, JCu. 52. (p. 1(144) (Archiv f. Derm. u. Sj-ph.,
1 888, p. 838).
Case, chancre of finger in site nf wound made by a drawmg-iiihtrumcnt,
probably infected by the saliva of some unknown person,
£ogaii, E. A, St. Petersburgh.
Vratsch, No, 40, 1891), p. 935.
Case, chancre of upper lip, in a woman from drin king-glass.
Cohn, Moritz, (Sec K.aI'usi).
3^4 SyPNIUS INSONTIUM
Kolokolow, W.
Meditsinskoe Obosr, Moskow, iSSS. XXIX., p. 700.
Two oases, of chancre of the lip, domestic infection.
Kolomeasky, A. Motic'ivv.
Protti. d. Gesell. Russ. AerMe, iSSS lArchiv f. Derm. u. S>-ph. 1SS9. p.
Case, chancre of tliu tunf.Tie.
Koltschewski, K.
Vraiscb, iSS', No 4^ (Canstalt Jahresbericht for 18B3).
Case, chaiicrt; of the i:bin, in site of razor-cuL
Komin.
Trans, tif the 2d St. Petersburg Gov. Sanitary Meeting, 1877, pp. 123-140.
i) Case, chancre near left nipple, nurse from nursling (from a "home").
2) Case, chancre right areola, nurse from nursling, infecting her own
boy of 5 years.
3) Two peasant girls aged 12 and 7 years, infected per os, from hand-
feeding a syphilitic infant.
Kopp, C. Breslau. (Prof. Neesskh's Clinic).
Archiv f. Derraatol. u. Syph., 1835, PP' 55' 'S3'
1) Statistics: of 135 ca-^es of recent syphilis, treated by the hypodermio
method, four males are mentioned, as having chancre of the lip.
a} Cose, child 3 years old, infected by its mother.
Kopp, J. H. Prankfurt-am-Mam.
" Aerilliche Bemerkungen veranlasst durch eine Reise in F'rankreich tmd
Deutachland." Frankfurt. iSaj (Froriep's Notizen, Weimar, iSij.
No. 143).
Case or cases of infection of midwives.
Kortiitn, C. G. T. Stolberg.
" Beitriijfe zur prakt. Annciwisscnsch.," Giittingen, 1795, p. 336.
1) Case, chancre of the lip.
Hufelanrt's Journal, Berlin, XX., iSoj, SL III., p. 31.
2) Case, nurse infected by nursling.
Korver, J. M.
Akailern. Pniefschrift, Amsterdam, 1880, p. 8o.*
Vaccinal-s)-]ihilis.
Kosinski, J. Warsaw. University Prof, of Sur^ry.
Congress of (iernian Surgeons. i8{i7.
Cases of circu me I si on -syphilis. (See Biebkowski, and Nowakowsk^
Kotzyn, I. B. K^.vtio, Russia.
Ku-;skav;i Muiliisina, ii^go. No. XXV., p. jgi.
Ciisf.ilKim. re in u cireunicision wound in a child 10 weeks old, (The
111,1(1 \\\v- perfiirmcil Ihe operation was healthy, but it was supposed
ili.it rliL virus was carried on his instruments, whieh were seldom
KrclUag, M. l,Li|>zig. Prof. Lesser's Univ. Clin, for Skin and Ven. Dis.
.■\rcliiv f. Ileim. u. Syph., Wien., 18SS, p. g.
II Ca-L. tluiueru of the eyelid in a youth from a public woman.
2) L',i--i-, 1 Imiiere on ala of nose, in a woman of 35, from a woman with
muuiius jiaiihes, who applied her saliva to heal an erj-sipelas,
Kreundel. St. Petersburg.
Vcrhnnd. der russ. syph. -derm. Gesell. in St. Petersburg, Sitz.. Apr. 6,
i.*9i. (Monaish. f. prakt. Derm., Vol. Xllt., iBgi. p. 17).
Case, chancre of upper lip in a soldierfiom a cigarette.
Krishaber. Paris.
" Conf^cnccs cliniques sur les maladies ilu larynx," 1877 (Annales desmaL
del'Oreille, 1S77).
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
.... . -. ^77. Bd. II.. p. 528).
1) Case, chancre of palate from a spooit.
Przeglad lekarski, 1887.
%) Case, a man aged 64, infected in infancy.
KtldriAihoff. St. Petersburg.
Vratsch. 1B92, No. 31, p. 783. (Journ. des mal. cut et syph., Vol. IV.,'
Oct. laqa. p. 577)-
Case, cbancre of penis in boy 2 years and 10 months old, probably
infected from its nurse's mouth, the latter being syphilitic.
KSiio. Philadelphia. U. S. A.
Case, inoculation from tooth implantation. (See Lettscim').
Kyll, I. B.
'■Ueber syphilitische Ansteckunfren von Wilchnerinnen durch Milchsanger-
innen." Zeitschr. f. d. Stattsarxneikunde v. A. Henke, ErlaDgeo.
;837. Heft a."
Syphilitic infection of lying-in women by breast.drawers.
LabM. Paris. HAp. de la Pitie.
tReptorted tSya by Okv. q. v.", notes by Covne, interne).
Case, chancre of upper lip, in a man or 53 years.
LAbonlbtee, A. Paris. Charite Hospital.
L'Union m&l., 1S65. p. 191.
i) Cose, Eustachian infection, in an aged clergyman.
3) Case, chancre of the tonsil. (See Le Gendhe^).
L'Union raed., Paris, \%Ui. Xo. 112, p. 576.
Epidemic from vaccination; two cliildren and their families,
X^croze. Paris.
(Notes furnished Foihniek for Sis study on cephalic chancre, 1S58).
Case, chancre nf the lip.
Lftdreit-de-Lacharritre. Paris, _
"Des paralyaics syphilitiques,"
Case, chancie of the chin (p. :
, Ladroire-yver, E. Paris.
These de Paris. 1S54.
Case, chancre of iheek in razor-cut; officer from camp-barber, following
pressure with finger to check hemorrhage.
Lagnua, G. (fils).
Annalesdhyg. publ. et dem&i. leg., Paris, 1S55, zd Ser., Vol. V.. pp. 21,
6S, 341, 29S.
Case, niirsHntr inf"rf^ ■nnr'^r-. ?:ho her own child.
" Malad. synhil. x- ■■■■■---'■ ■ ■■ ■nv," Paris, iBdo, p. 508.
a) Case of ll.i 1 tilher from a necropsy, or examination
of a proslii i!i- , timk notes at the time; the same case
also given In i . 1 - ' .1 and ntliurs).
Ballet de la Soc.'dL- niul. , ■-. ..:;■.■ A|iril 5, 1875 (Annales d'hyg.
?ubl. et de med. If'K-. 1 ■ 'I". ■ i''i).
.. aseof Defaicami:.' I ■ ■ '■ -Ikii; infects nurse. \
Revue d'hyg. et de police "-.['.ir : ■,-, 1-7,,, ji. 101.
4) Case, infection of u. ynunj; j^iil. iioiii apuon-fccding a foster- infant
Lagnemn, L. V. Paris. Hop. des Veneriens.
"Traits prat, des mal, syph.," Olh Bdit, Paris, i9z8.
Two cases, chancre of the throat (pp, 49. 51).
LagTM^^, (father and son). Chalous.
(Reported by Vif.nnois. 1863; also (JutNANT). i89i).
Several cases of syphilis from glass-blowing; a family epidemic added.
3** SYPHILIS INSONTIUAt
Laitler, C. Paris. HSp, St. Louis.
L'Unionmedicale, XXIV., iBf.4, No. I2u, iiq.
i) Ca.se, woman of 47 years, chancre apparently both at nostril and in
(Citefl by JuLLiEN, "Traits prat, des mal. v6n," PariB, i986, p. 498).
a) Case, multiple chancre penis and scrotum, acquired wnile under
{For other cases see Gi.jgnah' , and Okv).
LMllemaod, C. F. Montpcllier. Univ. Prof, of Clinical Surgery.
Journ. universelle. . . . XXVII., p. 13a.
i) Two nurses infected by the same nursling. (See also LtcjHANn, Obs.
, 3-14. 345. 34^)-
2) Case reported by Sot'CHiEk, q. v , multiple chancre breast, nurse
from nursling. (Cued by LsfiRAND).
Clinique med.-cliirurg. de Montpellier. 1^45, p. 15.
3) Mentions having seen a do:ten cases of cephalic chancre.
4) Chancre of the lip in three youths from same woman, by kissing.
Lammert.
Virch. Archiv., XXIV., ifi63, p. ag;.
i) Epidemics from cuppinjir, at Nilmberg, 1599 (unpublished); also sev-
ral others of that cpfnh, published at the lime. (See Hornung).
z) Edit! in i(5r, of Duke George Frederick, against si^pliilitics mingling
at weddings, feasts, bath-hnuses, etc.. and also against syphilitic chil-
dren being nursed by Ileal thy persons, or being allowed in school, etc.
Lancereauz, E. Paris. Hop. de la Piiii
■'Traitehistorique et pratique de la syphiUs." Sydenham Society EdiL,
London, 1S69.
•■ i) Case, of Ravnaiii'.s 1S63, Eustachian infection. (Vol. 11., p, 244).
z) Case of infection from a tobacco-pipe (Vol. II., p. Z46).
3a) Case of Vkri'el.lom, chancre of hand from contact with genitals.
(Vol. II..p.aj3).
3) Case, child ti years old, infected by nurse, infects its mother, (Vol. I.,
p. g4>,
4I Ca.se of Raver's, a young virgin with recent syphilis; her room-mate
was syphilitic. (Vol, II.. p. zjs).
40) Epidemic vaccino syphilis, 8 out of 13 infected. (SeeHCnSERandSSB).
5) Case, chancre of the uvula: no details.
50) A siudy of Sibhens. Yaws, Radesyge, Araboyne Pimple. Disease of
"Tr.iiti- !:i ii' I ■ i.j; ill- l.a.'!vphilis,"'2d edit., Paris. 1873, p. 493.
Colki.. ■ I ■ ■■■ ■ .,L.-itial-syphLliB.
L'Uiiii'ii ■ v\ p. 469. (Reported by Besan'i;i*).
(1) Ta-i, l..;-..ii iii.L 1 MifiLtion in male ^3 years old.
Bulk't. III! lAciid. dc n-&d,. 18^9, XXII.. p. 447. (L'Union mfid.. 1889,
XLVlll.,p. (.551.
;l Case. Euatacli-an-sound ir.oculalior. in man 55 years old.
.-I Case, chancre of the gum, by dental operation, in 36-year.oid woman
Landolt. See Wi.ckeh.
Lang, E. Iimshruck. Univ. Clinic, Skin and Venereal Diseases.
AtlIiIv f. Derm. n. Syph,, 1S78, p. 535.
I ) Cuse, cliancre "it forehead, from opening a furuncle with an unclean
Bericht. dcr sjfph. derm. Kllnifc, for iSSz. Innsbruck, 1S83.
a) Statistics: of irj primary lesions, 4 were extra-genital.
3) Two cases, thauLre of upper lip.
ANALYTJCAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 317
7) Case, chancre, lower lip from a kissing game (p. 200).
B) Case, chancre, tonsil, woman of 59 years, from feeding-bottle of
heredito-sypnililic child (p. 200).
9) Case, chancre of thumb (p. 490).
Wiener derm. Gesell.. Bila, Apr. bth, iSga, (Archiv f. Derm. u. Syph.,
Vol. XXIV., 1892, p. 8fK)).
10) Case, chancre ot thumb in a man, auto- inoculation from his penis.
Langenbeck. Berlin.
■' Nofiol. u. .Therap. d. chirurg. Krankheiten " Bd. 11. {Cited by
Oesteklf.n, ''Ven. Contag.." 1836, p. loo).
Cose, infected by danc^, kissing.
Luureabeck, B. tod. Berlin. Charite Hospital.
Berlin, khn. Wothenschr. , 137a. No. 39, p. 4;4(Arehiv f. Derm. u. S)-])h.,
I&7*. P- 575).
Two cases of vaccini>-sj-philis.
Langlebert, E. Paris.
Uai. des Hop., i96o, XXXIII., pp. 338. 374.
1) Case, chancre of right nipple, from sucking.
"La syphilis dans ses rapports avec le marriage," Paris. 1373,
a) CaseBof Camt'BKI.i, p. 244; Diijav, p, 245; and Tariuei , pp. 30(1, 313,
■' Lettres k Emile," Pans. 1880.
3) Case, chancre of lip, in a man. from kissing (p. 32),
" Trailfe pratique de lu syphihs." Pans. ia8S.
4) Many cases (t-io of the population), chancri? of the upper eyelid, by
tongue of a syphilitic woman (p. iBj (Tei'LIAschin, q. v.).
5) Case, chancre of the lip (p. 5S) (personal).
6) Case, chancre on the neck (p. bl).
LAnoix, G. Paris.
Essay on vaccinal-syphilis. New York, 1872, S° (pp. &-S). (From La Tri-
bune Medicale. 1^69).
j) Case, infection of nursling from nurse, producing hy vaccination,
a) Ten other cases (seen by RlcuHti, and Bullhit).
T f *■". A. J, Moscow.
Mittheilimg in li. Mosk. med, Gesell., Nov. 15, 1S86 (Archiv f. Derm. u.
Syph., \ii<j. p. 244).
Case, chuncre of the tongue, from usmg table-ware m common.
Lanzonus, J. Ferrara. Prof, of Philosophy and Medicine.
'• Opera omnia " Laiisann, 1738, 4!". Tile book ■■ De saliva " also sepa-
rately published at Ferrara, 170a (Giktanneh. <i4s).
Cited by authors as reporting cases of syphihs insontium.
Laroyenoe, L. Lyons. Antiqnaille. Prof, of Gyneioliigy.
Gar. mfid. de Lyon, 18I14, No. 16, p. 292. (ViknniUs "Uc la svph. vncc."
T865. p. 174).
Case of vacci no-syphilis in giri of 5 months infecting mother, chancre
left breast.
Gaz. med. de Lyon, 1S65, p. 530.
a) Three cases, chancre of eyelid, service of Nf:i,ATo\ and DtsiiRANuts.
I.UCI1, Otto.
Archiv t. Derm. u. Sy;ph., Vol. XXIIL, 1991. p. 76.
Case, chancre of chin and lip, in man of 32, from common use of drink-
ing-glaas.
Lmmkiewicz, W. J. Charkow. Univ. Prof, of Clinical Medicine.
Przeglad lekarski, 1^77.
Case, Lhanure of left lower eyelid, of unknown source.
^neier. Vienne. (Isere, France).
ViKNNols ■■ De la syiih. vaccin.."
Case, chancre of arm, from vaccination lancet
i8(>5. p. 303.
SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
ofDLCL-ET. (SecLEGE.NDRE">i
Laurent, E.
Gaz. mM. de Paris, 1887. 7th Ser., 1V„ p. 605.
Case, chancre at root of nose, in man 23 years of age.
LaTcrgne, F. and Perrin, L, Hop. SL Louis. (Internes). Service of
Annales de Uerni. et de Syph., 1SS4, pp. 333, 38o>
i) Statistics: 27 estra-genital chancres, 21 in males, 6 in females; lips, to;
eye and eyelids, s ; cheek, 1 ; anus, a ; nose, i : ear, i ; neck, t; arm, i ;
finger, i ; breast, t ; thigh, i ; le^ i.
a) Five ca.'ws of chancre from bites; cheek, neck, left ear, right npper
arm, finger (pp. 334. 340).
3) Si:( cases, chancre of eyelids oc conjunctiva (one i3 months before
visit). Source of infection not ascertainable (]ip. 33o-3a6).
4) Case, chancre in Scarpa's triangle, from non-venereal contact in bed;
wife infects husband |p. 334).
5) Case, chancre of lip in child uf 3 years, infected by mother (p. 333).
6) Case, chancre near anus, child of 3 years, infected from parents (p.
333).
7) Case, chancre of breast in a temaie from contact of husband's lips (p.
333).
3) Case, chancre of lip, in child of 12 years, from kissing (p. 334),
Lawrence, W. London. St, Bartholomew's Hospital.
London Medical Gazette, Vol. V.. 1830.
t) Case, chancre of linger in medical man, from contact with aa
ulcerated fissure (p. 77a) (Delpech).
2) Case, chancre of thumb, in medical man from professional exposure
3) Case
infection of a medical man, from exposure in delivering a low
woman (p. 772).
4) Case, chancre of thumb, from venereal exposure (p. 771).
5) Case, chancre of nipple, in two wet-nurses, from same nursling
(p. S08).
6) Ca.-ie, chancre of lip, from breast-drawing (p. 808) (Hev).
"Treatise on Venereal Diseases of the Eye." London, 1830.
7) Case, chancre of upper eyelid (p. 331).
Lawson. G. London.
LaiiLi-t, Londun, iS6j. Vol. I., p, 478.
Case, chancre of the eysiirl, m an infant, source unknown.
Layet.
"Traite prat. d. 1. vaccin. animal," Paris, 18S9 (Siepe, " Ueber extragen.
lokal. Initialsclerosen." Inaug. Dissert. Bonn. iSga, p. 21).
58 soldiers infected through vaccination, from a nursling aged two
months. (See Epidemics).
Lazansky, L. Prague. Univ. Clinic of Prof. Pick,
Areiiiv f. Derm. u. Syph.. 1878, p. 47.
L:\si;. child aged 5 years, infecied by mother.
Lebenwald, A. Stvria.
'■Venitsectis noxia,'' Ephem. Acad, Xat. Cur., Decu. II., ann. s, Norim-
berg, 16S7, Obs. ;i, p. yi. {Gihtanneb, 538).
Case, a suqjB'in bleii five pcrsmis hastily with a phlebotome, whidi had
just been used upon a syphilitic; all were infected.
Leber, T. Gottingen. Univ. Prof, of Ophthalmology.
(Personal communication to De Beck, <\. v., i386, p. 5a).
Cases of chancre of the eyelid, but no notes.
fami.
.■■ Tbiise lie Paris, 1803.
ly, ages 10 mouths to 3
(Se.
e Bektin").
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
Leblanc, R. F. Paris. Hfip. dea V^Deriens.
"Sut les mal. vte. des enfants nouvi
I) Group of 4 ehilflren iofected 1
3) Case, chancre of breast from nursling.
Leckie and Carlton.
" Communicability of Syphilis through the Saliva," British Med. Joum.,
Dec. 24, 1SS7, p. 1379.
Case, infection by tattooing, chancre of both forearcos.
Lecoq. See Gallus.
LeccKi, J, Cherbourg. Surgeon -Major, Marine Infantry.
Gaz. des HBpitaux, 1859, Dec. 14, p. 598.
1) Two cases, vaccine- syphilis in soldiers. (See Guvenot).
(Cited by DiDAV, "Chancre do I'atnygdale").
2) Case, chancre of tonsil, nurse from nursling.
Le DentD, A. Paris. Hfip. St. Louis, Surgeon.
Case, nurse infected by nursling, (See Appav).
Lee, C. G.
Liverpool Med.-chir. Joum., 1SS6, VI., p. 3i6.
Case, chancre of left upper eyelid, from licking to remove foreign body.
Lee, H. London. Surgeon to St. George, and Lock Hospitals, etc.
Medico-Chir. Transac, i&do. Vol. XLIH.. p. 57.
1) Case, chancre of upper lip. in an old woman, from her grand-child.
"Lectures on sj'phiUlic and vaccino-9>'ph. inoculation," adcd., London,
1863.
3) Three cases, chancre of finger in medical men (p 253).
3) Case, chancre of upper hp. from kissing grand-chud (p. ss&J.
4) Case, infection of a child, from its father (p. 356).
5} Case, infection of a child and Its mother by a destitute girl (p. sjS).
6) Two cases, chancre of tongue, from using a spoon, and kissing (pp.
360-261)
. (Also cases of Husteh a, Makston 1, Rollet s, Watson i).
Lancet. London, 1865. II., p. 623.
7) Case, chancre, nurse from nursling.
Lancet, London, i860, I., p. 748.
8) Case, chancre of left breast, wet-nurse from here di to- syphilitic infant.
"Lectures on Syphilis," Philadelphia, 1875.
&i) Case ot Watson, W. W., q. v.
9) Case, chancre from vaccination (p. 31).
^) Case, chancre finger in physician, from wound in performing Lrani-
otomy (p. 33).
10) Case, chancre of finger, after a suspicion'
11) Mention of three cases of infection of c
■' Lues Venerea," London, 1596. p. 3;.
13) Ca.se, nursling infected by nurse, infects four others (p. 35). (ParS,
AMBKiisfe, quoted byCLowKs, case XL).
I3(i) "Syphilizatiun," by Danielssen (p. 164).
"System of Surgery," Holmes. T. "Syphilis," revised by J. N. Hyde, Vol.
L, p. 176.
13) Case, chancre of nipple, nurse from nursling (p. 206).
Lees, D. B.
(Reported by Hutchinsun "Syphilis," p. iiSI.
Case, chaiicrc of nipple, mother from own child. (See HuTCiilssos ").
LefeQTTc. Paris.
" Hemiplegie faciale s^-philitique." Bull. gtii. de thcr., 1S66.
Case, chancre of lower lip, in wife of roan suffering from a relapse of
pre-nuptial syphilis.
320 SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
(Cited by Cazenavf., "Syphilidea," 1843. p. 136).
Case, nurse, infected by nurslmg.
Lefort, L. Paris. HGp. dii Midi, Prof, of Surgery.
(Citedby JuLMEN. ■'Traitfi, etc," 1886. p. 517).
Five cases of chancre of lip, in total of 464 cases.
LeGendre, P. Paris,
" L'ontrib. au diag. du chancre s%iJh. de Tamygdale." Archiv. g&i. do
med., Paris, 18S4.
r) Case, chancre of right tonsil, in man of 15 (p. 5S) (Guibout).
2) Case, chancre of right tonsil, in man of 21 {p. 71) (Brocq. L., aervice
of La[iuii_b£ne}.
3) Case, chancre of right tonsil (p. 74) (Bkooj, L.. service of Bi;oqijoy,
and Angek. Th.).
4) Case, chancre of left tonsil, in man of 64 (p. 75) (Merkuen, service of
Petem).
j) Case, chancre of tonsil (p. 391) (the same given by Culleriek, claimed
by M ARTEL).
6) Case, chancre of right tonsil, in man of 37 (p. 291) (Hue, A. service
of PfAN),
7) Case, fhancro (f right tonsil, in woman of G3, from a Eustachian
catheter (p. 394).
8) Case, chancre of left tonsil, in man of 30 (p. ag;) (Laifnois, E. service
of Dlilil KT],
1)1 Case, chancre of right tonsil, i
10) Case, chancreiifriKht tonsil, ii
of the neclt (p. 297) (ForRNiRB, huloti.
11) Case, chancre of left tonsil, in a virgin (p. 21)7) (Morel-La VALLfE,
serviuBof Anger, B.).
la) Case, chancre of right tonsil, in woqian of 59 (p. agS) (Spillmas).
13) Case, chancre of left tonsil, in woman of 37. from a child with a
chancre on the Jabial commissure (p- aiji)) (Four.nikr, Hiii.oT).
14) Ca.se, chancre onarcuspalato-glossus, in mano£38(p. 30o)(Fournie«,
15) Case, chancre of both tonsils, in man of 25 (p. 30(1) (MAtrRiAc, RlZAT).
Legrand, A.
■■ Dc I'or et du mercure." Paris, ad Edit., 1842.
1) Case, infant infected by nurse (p. 171),
2) Cases of Chrkstien, Lallemand, SorcHtEk, MfiNAHi', Kiel, Daijias,
Leloir, H. 1-ille. Clin, of the Med. Coll. and of the Hospital St. Sauveor.
Annalesde Derm, et de Syph., 1882, 2d Ser,, Vol. III., pp. 54&:S46.
1) Case, thancre between %A and 3d toes of right foot, in medical
student of 25 years.
" Lejriiisiur la Syphilis," Paris. iS9fi.
z) Two ca=cs, infection in Hu.spitai at Lille (Ward of St. ConceJ (p. 44).
3) Ca*u. L'hancre left nipple, nurse from nursling (p. 47).
4) Ciise, chancro of gnnn, child of above nurse, by wetting with her
sali\-a(i). :7).
5) Case, sidven chancres of the breast, nurse from nursling (p. 47).
6) Case. chancTL- lim-er lip, frum sucking tile lireast of a syphilitic con-
fined woman by an a<h.lt woman (p. 54).
7) Casts, infection of more Ulan twenty women, by the above -men ttoned
woman in llie same way {Ur, X., of Tourcoring) (p. 54)- {See Epi-
8) Case,'"'
Lavrr
g) Case, chaucrt; on the face, from coughing of & patient (p. 57).
ANALYTICAL hlBLSOGKAPHY 3'^
10) Case, chancre, left angle of eyelid, in a man by a glove fp. 59I.
11) Case, chancre of buccal commissure, from handkerchief (p. bo).
IS) Case, infection by a sj-ringe, in a woman (p. tio).
13) Case, chancre cl lip, in a man Cnim chewing-gum {p. 61).
(14) Case, chancre upper lip, ia child, from candy from the mouth of
syphilitic mother (p. 62).
15) Case, chancre of gum, from denial inslruments (p. (12).
I 16) Case, chancre of middle finger, in man ' - '
caustique applied previously tu sypbiliti
I, FOURNIER).
I 17) Case, infection of a confined woman, by a medical student {p. 65).
iS) Caseof Laillek, q. v.' (p. 6(>).
Lemoniuer, F.
Annales de Derm, et de Syph., 1SB6, p. 598.
Case, woman aged 54 years, infected by infant whom she was hand-
raising; in three months she infected her husband by coitus,
L.eo, L. Bonn,
Zeitschr. f. Mediz. (Jan. or Feb. 'ijj) (Joum. de mal. cut. et syph.. Vol.
IV.. Feb. '92, p. 93).
' Four women infected by a midwife who drew their breasts, two of their
I husbands became infected ; legal process, resulting in imprisonment
of midwife fur six months.
\ LeonATd, B. (i;b3).
((Cited in Arthiv f. Derm, u. Syph. Vi>l. XXI., 1^39, p. jij).
Case, chancre of lower lip.
Leoneiio. Milan. Osped. St. Catarina. (Foundling and maternity).
Some of the reports given yearly in the Annali universali di med., etc.
' Milan (RicoKDi, '-Sif. da Alfatt.,*' 1865, q. v., p. 4;).
Statistics: 475 nurses infected by nurslings from 13S4-ES63.
Leppmann, A.
Archiv f. Derm. u. Syph,, 1863, pp. iSg, 551.
Many references to vaccinal and other modes of syphilitii; infection.
I LaproTOit. Paris. H6p. du Midi. (Service of Hokteuiut).
La France n.edicale, iSHi. p. 147.
( Case, thancre of the ch<-ek.
,' Lenge, E. Paris.
"Chancre par morsure." These de Paris, 1SS5,
i) Case, ihaiicre right thumb from bite (l-'ni RNiFB)(p. 11).
a) Case, chancre of finger, policeman, from bite (Foikmeh) (p. iS).
■ 3) Case, chancre of finger from bite (Briplakiiiii.) (p. 19I.
J 4) Little girl and mother infected from mouth-piece of a tiarionette (p. a6).
5) Case, chancre, dentist from bite of a patient (Fni bmlr) jp. iS).
6) Case, chancre of cheek, from bite (FotUNttK, LAViiitdNB and Pehrin)
<P- 9).
, chancre left ear, from bite (Hekmet, Lavercnb and Pebrin)
(p. 13)-
Lester, E. Leipzig.
"Ueber Syphilis maligna." Archiv f. Derm. u. Syph., iSSa.
i) Case, man, infected probably per os, from infant's pap-bottle (p. fqa),
2) Caiie, chancre lower lip, in a man, source unknown (p. {i4f>).
" Ueber einige FUJle erworbencr Syphilis bei Kindern." Brcslauer Aentl.
Zeitschr., 1S80, I!., p. 277.
3) Three children of one family, from sj-]'hilitic housemaid, all slept
together.
.*hrb. der H
4) Case, chai
" Syphilis auf I.iland." Archiv f. Derm.'u. Syph., iS.ji, p. 37.
5) A letter of Dr. Schiekueck's in Reykjavik, upon syphilis in Iceland.
j2Z SYPIi/Lrs !NSOHTIUM
Letnilc, L. M. .
VraCsch, i3Si, No. a. p. 39.
Case, chancre uf leu tonsil, in policeman, of 2S years, from room-mate.
LetorBay.
Bull. gen. de thtrap., Paris, 1855, XLIX., p. 130.
Case, nurse infected by nursling.
Lettsom, J. C. Londuc. Physician to London Dispensary.
Trans, London Med. Soc., 1., 17B7, pp. 137-149.
1) Case of inoculation through implantation of a tooth.
2) Case of Hamilton's, fatal result after a short interval, from tooth-
implantation (if syphilitic, atypical) (p. 14E).
3) Case of KCkn's, \ixaX and general symptoms, from tooth-implanta-
tion; said to have ceased upon removing the tooth, which need not
prejudice the diagnosis (p. 145).
In the " Literatura Medica Digesta," of Plouiji'et, occurs the following
meagre reference to Le'itsom; ■'Syphilis— InCectio—iwr Vulnera—
Med. Commun,. Edinburgh. Bd. Ill,, p. 310.
4) Case or cases of inoculation of syphilis by trauma.
Letulle, M. Paris, (Service of C, Paul).
La France Mtd. Paris, 1978, XXV,, pp. 65, Bi,
Case of acquired infantile syphilis. (See Pontet),
Lever. London. Guy's HospiLil.
"tiyph. vacciiiale, ' Acad, de mid. de Paris, 1B85, p. 175.
Cases of vaccino-syphilis.
Lewentaner, M. Const antinnple.
.\!i>ii:itsh. f. prakt Derm., 18^7. p. 904.
Casc-ofcircumcis,„n-,yphLli..
Lewi, H. J. St, Petersbur;;.
Vr:it-,i.h., I.=ol, No. 15, p. 390.
I) Cast, thaiicre of nipple m wet-nurse of 15 years,
I) Ca.se, chancre of nipple, wet-nurse aged 25 (both at the Dom
Nurservi,
3) Case, iitinncro of both nipples, from her own child, who was infected
by Iwi) syphilitic children.
Vralsth. No. '14, 1892. (St. Louis Med. and Surg. Journ., June, tSga),
4) Case, chancre, right side of soft palate, in a virgin of 16 years, a
laundress.
Lewin, G. Berlin.
■■BehaiKllungdcr Syphilis
AmtT. KdiL, lSa3.
1) Case, infei-lion per r>s, probable double chancre of lip and tll|Dat,
2) Six . ,1 - ■. I ■! ml ■ ■ I iii per OS, location not always given, and nothing
. 3) f,i- . ,. ■ ■ ■ li|>, in girl from lover's kisses {case jd).
4) C^-.. , ■.->..!:. Ill i 1 1 1 '. I. ifil at nipple by nursling; infects own child per OS
Berlin, kiin. Wochenschr.. 1874.
5) Case, chancre, lioth lips, from kissing (p. 313).
0) Case, chancre uf lip, from kissing (p. 313).
7) Case, two chancres of the lower lip (p, 314).
8) Case, chancre, right nipple, nurse from nursling (p. 313).
" Ueber Infectio sine coitu." Archiv f. Derm, u, Syph., 1875, p. 37J.
9) Case, chancre of breast, nursing mother infected by nursling ; infects
Deutsche nicd, Wochenschr,, 1SS9, p. 1073. (Archiv f. Derm, u. Sypb.,
i.Sip, p. i(>4).
:o) Case, chancre of lower lip, in 25-year-old girl.
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
Archiv f. Derm, u. Syph., iS^i, p, looo,
II) Case, chancre of upper lip, m 25-year-old man-servant.
Berliner dermatol. Verein., Sits. Dec, 3, 1891. (Archiv f. Derm, u Syph.,
Vol. XXIV., 1891. p. 508).
13) Case, chancre, index Rnger. in a young man, cause not stated.
1) Case, chancre, lower lip, i
3) Case, chancre, left anteric
3) Case, chancre, left nipple,
stated.
4) Case, chancre, upper lip,
5) Case, chancre, upper lip.
6) Case, chancre, upper lip. i
7) Case, chancre, left tonsil,
8) Case, chancre, upper lip, '
stubs picked up in the slri
g) Case, chancre, both nippli
Med. and Surg, J<n
n man of 30 years, ci
<r pillar of fauces, in
»., Jm
10) Case, chancre, lo*e
11) Case, chancre, left 1
Lillie.
(ROLLKT, "Traite," etc.
In 1777 LtLLiE was sen
there.
lip. i
in married wo
n unmarried \\<
in married vvor
n unmarried wi
in unmarried w
n married man
■.s, in married •*,
n marriBd man
in unmarried v,
man of 35 years, cause not
Oman of 33 years, cause not
nan of 35 years, cause not
sman of 32 years, cause not
'Oman of 36 years, cause not
of 40 years, friim cigarette
■Oman of 25 years, no cause
■oman of 50 years, no cause
. 473).
to Jutland to study "Syphiloid" which prevailed
of 18th Centurj-, (Not mentioned
:. p. 717).
Liodestolpe. Upsala. Swedish phys
by GlK TANKBR),
Work on venereal disease (p. 35). (Rosen von RtiSENi
Case, youth infects bis sister by kissing.
Lindatrom, A. A. Kiew.
Milit. iirztl. Zeitschr., laSg. (Archiv f. Derm. 11. Syph., 1S90, p. 700).
I) Three cases, chancre of the lip.
1) Case, chancre of brea.st, nurse 35 years old. from nursling.
3} Two cases, chancre of tonsil ; soMier aged aS, and boy aged 1 1.
Lindwurni.
" Ueber Syphilisation," Aerztl. Intelligenzblatt, Miinchen, i860, Nos. 13-14,
17-year-old girl, source unknown.
III., 1756, p. 267. (Cited in Monatsh. f.
p. I7S-
Case, chancre of upper lip ii
Liim<.
Nutrix noverca. Amoenit., ac
prakt. Derm., 18S8, p. 201 ,
Cases, of lactation syphilis.
Lipp, E. Gratz.
AUgem. med. central. Zeit'g, Berlin. 1870, XLVIII., p. 673.
i) Two cases, chancre of ujiper lip, source unknown.
Verein der Aerate in Steiermark, Weiner med. Wochenschr, iSSq,
3) Case, chancre inner angle of right eyelid, in a man ; source of infection
not stated (p. 558).
3) Case, chancre right lower eyelid in woman 54 years old; infcclioa
probably from caring for a syphilitic child (p. 895).
3*4 SYPHILIS INSONTWM
Utter, U. York. Physician to Queen Anne.
"Tract, de quibusdam morb. chron." London, 1737. (Roussel, "Sj-pb.
tertiare," 1S81, p. aoj).
Child infected by nurse.
Uoyd, P. A. Carlisle, England.
Lancet, London, 1690, IL, isj.
i) Case, chancre at !«ft angle of mouth, in recently married woman of
2) Case, chancre loirer lip, in a soldier, attributed to smoking aaother'a
pipe.
3) Case, chancre on left brow, just at edge of scalp, in mamed woman
of 44 years.
Loder, J. C. GiittingeD.
{Rosen vun Rosensteis '• Kinderkrankheiten," 6th EdiL Gottin^en, 1798).
1) Case, man infected by a privy-seat, just vacated by one with lesions
of the privates (p. 729, foot note).
2) Many women infected from breast-drawing by a dissolute female,
with venereal sores of the lips (p. 739, foot note).
Lodge, J. W.
Phif Med. Times, 1371, I., p. 150.
Case, syphilitic (?) eruption, aiter vaccination.
Loew, A. (With Wedel. G. W.}.
"Ue lue venerea." Inaug. Dissert., Jena;, 16B1.
(Cases of Petbonrts, and Riviekl-^i.
Lorain, P. Paris. H&p. St. Antoine.
(Reported by Petit, " Transmis. de la syph. par la vaccine." Thiae de
Paris, 1867, p. 15).
Case of vaccino-ayphilis, in which infection occurred through blood
transferred 10 the vesicle -flour by the needle.
Lorenco, G. di. Naples.
Giorn. ital. il. mal. ven.. etc.. iS(.6. Vol. 11,, p. yi.
Case, chancre, right angle of mouth, child 4 years old, from mother.
Lorenzutti.
"Specimen inaug. med. dc peculiare syphillciis quadam forma nomine luis
Fluminensis sive morbi de Scherlievo nota." Patavia, i93o.*
Loret.
" Proces verbalc d. Congres. d. Nantes." (Didav, q. v., "laf. Syph.," p,
175)-
Faniily epidemic ; nurse, her mother, and her daughter, three genera-
tions, infected through use of sp<Htn used in feeding a foster-child.
Loring, E. G. New Vork. Eye and Ear Infirmar\-.
(Notes of cases published by Si imns, ij. v.).
1) Case, chancre, right lower eyelid, child 22 months old.
J) Case, chancre of cheek, six-year-old sister of the above.
Lorinser, F,
■' Ueber die Skerljevo-Krankheit im osterreichischcn Kastenlaade, Wiener
med. Woch., i9fi5, Nos, y3, 1J4.*
Lortet. Lyons. Professor of Natural Historj".
(Jaz. med, de Lyon, June n. rSf>4.
Case of Eustachian infection in a lady.
Lonit. I'aris.
(Cited liy Fni-BMEB " Chancic Lcphaiique," 1S5S).
Case, 'chalRTL- of the lip.
Lossius, L. Kicssen.
" Dissert, de hie venerea^,'' i669, <i. =, b- 3.
Lobwus. under the caption.
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 3*5
Lotz. Basle.
Report of sanitarj- com. to Swiss Council. (Cited by Fourmek, "Syph.
Vacc," p. 52, note).
Estimates 750 known cases of vaccinal -syphilis up to laso, aa tollowa:
Italy 300, France (20, Austro-Hungary 69. England 36, Scotland t,
Denmark 7. Prussia 85, Bavaria 17, America 1.
Lowdell, G.
London med. Gaz.. 1S42, p. 467.
i) Two cases, chancre of nipple, nurses from nurslings,
2) Case, nursling infected by nurse (its mother).
Labcliki, G. Warsaw.
Medycyna, ;8So. (Rev. d'hyg. et de po!. sanil., Paris, 18S1, p. 577).
i) Epidemics of circumcision -syphilis, past and recent. (See MatliU
Ann ales d'hygifcne, iSSi, VI., p. 157.*
2) Syphilis communicated by circumcision,
Lnbinsky, A. Cronstadt.
Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenheilk., April 1S7S, p. 166.
1) Case, chancre of left inner canlhus of the eye.
Med. prib. k. Morsk. Sboni., iSSo, XX.
2) Case, chantre of upper left eyelid.
LncAS, R. C. London. Guy's Hospital, Surgeon.
■■ Practitioner," iH82, p. 353.
Case, chancre of upper lip,
LDCas-Championiiiere, P, Paris.
■■ Recherches prat, sur la th^rap.'de la syphilis" (from observations in
service of Ci i.lerier. neveu. Chief of the Hop, des Vcneriena). Paris,
i) Ca^e, nursling infects nurse, she ber own nursling (p. 9).
2) Family epidemic, all infected through a fostcr-child. by using the
same spoon and cup (p. 10).
3) Several cases of svphilis in mfants acquired from adults with pustular
syphihdes, (Cited by C'azenave),
LDnkeritch, M. V. TiRis.
Proc. of the Caucasian Med. Soc, 1S87, No. 7, p. 162, Prov. Med. Joum.,
1887, p. jsi.
Case, chancre of the finger, from fighting.
Lusitanus, (Amatu3|.
"Curiil. ii!L-d. cent, sept.,'' i;;^ C. 1., No. 49. (In '■ ApHKODisiArfs").
(Citc'l liv AiUdVSAri), ■ Svpo. comni. par allaitemeu t. ' ' These de
I'nn. ,,»(,.,, p. , I.
Nurse injected by nursling, infects her husband and two other nurslings,
who infect their mothers.
LDStcrbfrarg;, Lyons.
(Case reported by BoTTE.-i, q. v.),
LttBtrenuui. Prof. I'ficole du Val-de-Grace.
(Cited by RicoKU ■' Lettressur la syphilis," Paris, 1S63, p. 86).
Case, chancre, lower eyelid, in a lawyer, infected by finger.
"Note sur deux cas chancres indures extra-gfinitauTt." Joum. dc raM,
de Paris, p, 270. (Skadek, Index bibliog. syphilidol., Jahrg., i386,
p. 18).
Lttth. Burtschied, Austria.
(Case reported by M. voN Zeissl, q. v.),
Lozinskj. Vienna. Kinder-Kranki
Wiener med. Wochenschr. " '
3»6 SYPHILIS JNSONTIUM
i) Case of syphilis, child infected by wet-nurse, infects older aister aod
mother.
2) Case of sypliilis, wet-nurse infected by a suckling infant, infects
another nursling after the first one died.
3) Case of syphilis in a child, thought to be acquired from a s^rphllitic
nurse ; mother infected by child gave birth to a syphilitic in^nt, who
in turn infected its nurse.
Allgeni. Wiener med. Zdi'g. i834. N"- 15-
4) Statistics; conditions of sj^philis in infants and children.
5) Two children infected by a nurse, infect their mother.
6) Case, child infected by a nurse, mother sleeping with child was
infected, and bore syphilitic child which infected another nurse.
LTditoD, G. F. Chicago.
New York Medical Record, 18S4, p. jg.
i) Two cases, chancre of the lip, aunc and grand-mother, from caressing
heredito-syphilitic infant.
" Lectures on Syphihs." Chicago, 1685.
a) Case, surgeon, late Dr. Nutt, chancre middle finger, from operating
on a syphilitic (p. 22).
Journal Amer. Med. Ass'n, 1SS6, p. 652.
3) Ca-se, chancre of tongue, from Itissing.
4) Case, chancre if gum, from dentist.
Medical Register. Philadelphia, ISSS, p. 194.
5) Case, chancre of lip, ,supposed to be from drinkingj;up on railway
Lyie, A. New York.
New York Medical Record, iSgi, p. 158.
Case, acquired syphilis in 4-year-old child, possibly from rape.
MacCarthj, D. J. Paris. Hop. du Midi. (Interne).
"Du diagni)Stic et de I'enchainement des symptOmes syphilitiques."
These di: Paris. 1844.
Cases, cbancres, lip 3. chin a, tongue i, gum 1, nostril i, hand 4.
McCraith, I. Smyrna, Asia.
Med. Times and Gaz., 1S59, I., p. 2Bq.
1) Case, infant infected by kjss of maid-servant.
a) This infant gave chancro of breast to its wet-nurse.
3) This wet-nurse infected two of her own children.
4) The maid-servant had acc|uired the disease from a young girl, and
in tile village from which they came, syphilis was found to be
Med. Times and Gaz.. 1877, 1., p. 323.
5) Two cases, nurslings infettcd by nurses.
(1) Case, chancre of nipple, nurse from nursling.
Macdonald, A. Olasgow.
Ediuburgh Med. Journ., 1873, July, XIX,, p. 30.
Ca^t, chaiitrc of tonsil, in middle-aged man from nursing-bottle of an
infant.
McGuire, J. C. Washington, D. C.
Amer. I'ructiti Liner and News, Louisville, i836, p. 357.
1) Case, chancre of lip from drinking- vessel.
2) Case, eh:mcrc r>f lip. in a man, who infected
-,) His \vik-. by kissing, whcinfected
4) Her hivL-vear-oIdson. ehancre of tonsil.
t\ Case, ehaiiere on end of thumb.
Mackay, G. Eilinhurgh.
Med.-ehirurg. Soc. of Edinburgh. Edinburgh Med. Journ., XXXIV., No.
3. Sept., 1BS8, p. aOi.
Case, cnancre of upper eyelid, in 6-year-old boy, from kias by its
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 337
mother; the latter claimed to have been infected by looth-piek used
by syphilitic boarder.
Mackenzie, Moretl. Loadon. Metropnlitan Throat HoapitaL
■■Diseases of Throat and Nose," Philadelphia, iSSo, p. 100.
Statistics: has seen seven cases, chancre of tonsi], 6 women and t man;
no particulars (Iota] personal experience).
UacKeozic, W. Glasgow. Univ. Clinic for Eye Diseases.
"Pract. Treatise on Diseases of the Eye.'' London, :855, 4th Ed., p.
i) Case, chancre of eyelid, 7-year-old boy, from an adult room-mate,
i) Case, chancre of conjunctiva, thought to have followed kissing in
Hodaren, P. H. Edinburgh. Lock Hospital. (Surgeon).
"Atlaa of Venerea] Diseases," Edinburgh, 1881:,.
1) Ca.se. chancre of (inRer, from tooth -inoculation. (Plate X).
2) Case, chancre of thumb, from infant grand-child, with hereditary
syphilis, from washing clothing, etc. (Fascie V,, no plate).
Hkcleod, J.
■■De syphilitide insontiura," Dissert. Inaug.. Edinburgh, 1805, pp. 90.*
Uacnamara, C. London.
(Reported by Hutchi.vson "Syphilis." London, 1S87. p. iiti).
Epidemic of syphilis from circumcision.
Ums.
Deutsche med. Woch., 1891. No. 34, p. 1017.
Cose, chancre of eyelid after incision of a hordeolum.
Halm, O.
Norsk Mag. for Liege videnskab, 1886, 4, R, I., p. 714. (Archiv f. Derm,
u. Syph., iS87. p. 38s).
l) Two cases, chancre of tonsil.
3) Three cases, chancre of tonsil- (See Inell).
3) Seven cases of French authors,
Rome. Univ. Clinic for Skin Diseases and Syphilis.
Report of Dispens. of S. Maria GalUcano. Giom. i'tol, d. maL ven.,
etc.. 1S77. p. 354.
Statistics, 1874-fi, of 73 cases of syphilis: chancre Up 2, breast (nurses) a.
Also cases reported by Rasurl and R*vouli assistants (q. v.).
. M. P. St. Petersburg.
i ed [-.inskoc Olwijrainie, ifiSg, XXXI.. No. 4, p. 407,
•_u.^e, chancre lower lip in a soldier, probably from eating or drinking-
utensils; mess-mate had " bad disease."
Haunnotti, Orsino.
Giorn. ital. d. mal. ven. e della pelle, XXVIL, Mar. 189;, p. 31.
Case, chancre right angle rif lower liji, in man of 37, from a kiss.
Uannino, L. Palermo. Ospizio d'Trovatelli.
■'Una piccola epidemica d, sifilide," etc. Palermo, 1SS6 (from L'lngras-
sia, Palermo, 1865, p. 347).
Nurse and her parenUi, old people, infected by a foundling by lactation,
hand-feeding, etc.
Moscow .
"Syph. der fibriiscn Gewebe," etc. Archiv f. Derm. u. Syph., 1S81,
p. 391-
1) Case, chancre of hp. in dry-nvirse, age 29 years, from infant (p. 413).
Klin. Sammelsch, t. Derm. u. Syph., Moscow, Feb., II., 1887, pp. 5i)-67
(Archiv f. Derm. u. Syph., 1SS9. p. 881).
2) Twochildreninfettedby wet-nurse; infection supposed to be conveyed
through the milk.
SYPHILIS INSONTWM
Marc. Paris.
(Acad, de Mid., iSss. "Syphilisation," etc, reported by Roux, q. v.).
i) Case, chancre of fauces from kissing.
(Reported by Propeta, q. v., '■Tratt prat.," etc, Palermo, iS88. p. 417),
2) Case, infection from & privy-seaL
Marcolini. Udine.
"Sulla complicaz. d. vacciua," Milan, 1S23. (Annali universali di med.,
iSa4, XlX,, and Barhantinc, <\. v.').
i) Epidemic of vaccination-syphilis, 1814. (See Epidemics).
Memoire mM, chirurg., Milano, 18S9, p. 18 (quoted by Raveh, "Traite,"
etc.. i3j5, p. atia).*
2) Treats of Facaldina.
Marey. Paris.
(Cited by Fourmer, " Chancre cephalique," (q. v.), Obs. 17, cp. V.).
Case, chancre of the cheek (notes by Marev).
Marfan, A. B, Hftp. Necker. Chief of Clinic (service of Prof. Peter),
Aiinales de Derm, et de Syph., Vi>!, I., 3d Ser., 1890, p. 490.
Ca;c, chancre right septum nasi, in ly-j-ear-old man; \-irus probably
conveyed to nose on linger, from vulva of a woman.
Margoniner. J. Berlin
Ll C::'.i_'. cliaiicreunperhp, \ ^__.._ „ ,. . ,
2) CasL-, thancre of hard palate, in a gold-smith. 45 yeara old from blow-
pipe infected by a colleague (p. 497).
Marianelli, A. Assistant in tbe CHnica Dermo-sii^lopat. of Pisa,
"Kesijconto .sommar. dei ca.si occorsi dal i Nov., 1S37 al 31 Dicemb.,
i^n^." (Kt]iiim from Ril'orroa Med, Aug.. iSgo)-
1) Ca--i , I !i I'l !■.■ .i! . -I Jl- r>f jaw, in man ib years old (p. 17).
2) i;k L iii|;>^iii nurses, five contracted from nurslings in
])!;■ I . , . ' vix from foundlings (p. 29).
■'RcMiv-.i.M .11. nil- <iti t-asi occorsi nellnnno, iSSg." Milan. 1891.
(Kc|.i(ui,. ((ii,.ii,. li.il. d, nial. ven.,etc.. Mar. 1891, p, 74J'
3I I'lmr casi:^ of extra-genital chancre, observed in the Clinic of C.
\'v.\.\.\zi.,\v.i\ lower lip 1. chin 1. nipple i, and 1 at upper end of natal
fold in a girl of 15 months {p. 9).
Marjoline. Paris. IlOp. St. Eugenie. Surgeon.
Bull, de laSoc. de Chirurgie, JS71, p. 250.
Mother and infant infected about same time, when latter was 4 months
old : source not given ,
Marlow, F. W. Syracuse, N. Y. Prof, of Ophthal. in Med. Dep, Univ. of
New'Vi.rk Millical Journal. iSgo. LI., p. 237.
Cii-c, chaiKTc (if upper eyelid in a woman, 49 years old, from a grand-
child Willi inherited syphilis.
Marmisse.
Gaz. lies Hfjp,. Paris, \i(ii. No. 16. p. 61; 1863, pp. 441, 454.
Ca.se, chancre of nipple, nurse from nursling; she in turn infects her
husband.
Marone.
rimpariiale, 1S62, Ko. 5.
1) Epidemic of vatcino-syphilia, 1&56, Lu para and Molise. (See Bouviek',
and Epidemics).
2) Caies, described in series and tj-pe. few singly ; among latter U
iii-year-old girl, chancre lip and tongue, from wet-nurse, throng^
breast-d ra w ing.
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
Case, chancre on face, inoculation by palieat's finger. (See H. Lee"),
Uartel. Paris.
Case, chancre of tonsil, (See LeGe.mire', and Cl'i.lebiek').
HarteUitre, E. D. Paris.
" IJe I'angine syphilitique." These de Paris, 1854.
1) Case, chancre of trmsi!, in a domestic (Oils. X., p. 43).
(Cited by LeGendre, Archiv g&i. de mM.. i984. P- 65)-
3) Thiee cases, chancre of tonsil(seen by Maktci.li£re}.
Uartio, A. Paris. Hop. St. Laxare. (Interne).
"De I'accident primitif de la sypb. coostitutioneUe." These de Pari^
1B63.
Statistics collected by Bvbeai.-. (See Cj.ekc i)-
With Belmumiig, L, " Traite des raalatl. v<5ner." 2(1 Ed., 1876, p. 77.
a) Sialistics compiled for the work of Brki.KT and Rollet (q. v.) (p. 119).
3) Family epidemic from Eustachian infection,
4) Case, chancre, developing in a razor-cut. (Cabbe. q. v.).
•■ De I'infection spyhilitlque de la ville des Tanniens," Paris, 1 063, p. 14."
UvtincAn, L. Paris. Hop. de I.ourcine.
i) Cases reported by BiSET and DEsMor.i.vES (q. v.),
'■ De la propaR. de la syph. et tie sa prophylaxie," Paris, 1S81. (L'Union
m6d., Paris, 1881, 3d Ser., XXX., ]>. jjo).
a) Case, chancre of lip, in chamber-maid, from employers, by mouth-
piece of a speaicing-tube.
Uutina, C. F. Paris. Hftp. St. Louis, (Interne, service of Biett).
"Mem. sur les causes g^n. ties syph.," iSjS. Revue m6d. franc et
Strang., Paris, iSjS, I,, pp. 24-74. 1114-235.
Case, chancre of nose. (See Biett ". reported by Ricord).
London.
St,'Thomas' Hosp. Reports. Vol. IV., N. S., 1S73.
i) Three cases, chancre lower lip, source unknown.
a> Case, chancre lower lip, in a gla-ss-blower.
3) Case, chancre lower tip, in a comet player.
4S Two cases, chancre of eyelid (personal communication, H. Lee).
5) Case, chancre of linger, in medk'al student, professional exposure.
6) Case, chancre, abdominal wall, male aged 34 years.
7) Case, chaiiL-re of thigh, Wm. T., aged ai|.
S) Ciisc, tlmncre left upper arm, from vaccination.
(Cases of Asuikosiiu, Bbvant, CmKciULL, Cooke, Coote, Cotn-ER,
Crij._iikit, DiuAv, Drvsuale. Foi-RNrEB, Haruv rMfRBAY), Hill,
Hultkih.sk, Hl'tchinson, Jonss, Lee, Maunuek, Paget, Quaik,
SiuiiifsD, Skinner, Staslev, Watson).
UU, N. Venice.
•' De morbo Neapolitano." Basel Collection, 1 536, pp. 104-5.
i) Statement: has seen many infected without lesious of genitals.
a) Statement: prevalence in children, too old fur lactation, too young
for coitus.
3) Statement: frequency of transmission, by eating and ilrinbing-vessels,
kissing, common bedding, etc.
4) Three cases, within ^ year,
5) Case, infection by esposure
UKi, F. Naples.
"Pathol, n. Tberap. des Rachens. der Nase, u. des Kehlkopfs," CGerm.
trans. Leipiiff, 1892. Ur. Emanlei.s Fink, p. 205).
Case, chancre of tonsil, (coitus prietcrnaturalis) observed by GP.ntz,
SYPHILIS TNSONTIUM .
Maatin, W. M. Mobile, U. S. A.
Gaillard's Medical Jiuirnal. 18B0. XXX., p. 14.
Case, chancre Lpf Lhc eyelid.
MatUkowaki, W. Warsaw, Poland.
Article on Circumcisiou SyjihUis (seven observations) Medycyna, i38o,
VIII., p. 401.
i) Cases of BiERKowsKi, q. v.
li Cases of NowAKowsKr. q. v.
3) Cases of ICostNsKl, q. v.
4) Cases (persoaal).
Maudon^ J. A.
" Histoire de la syphilis des nouveau-nfe et des enfanta k la mamelle."
These de Paris, 1S53, with plate.*
Maunder, C. F. Loiidun. London Hospital.
Lancet, London, 1S61, II., p., 475; Med. Times and Gai., Feb. i, t86a, p.
no. and in Mason, q. v.
1) Two cases, chancre of lip, removed for epithelioma,
1) Case, chancre of finger.
Maunsell, J.
Lancet. London, 1877, L, p. f)33.
Ca^e, chancre ol^ Uiwer lip, in a cigar-maker.
Mauriac, C. Huris. Hop. du Midi.
iin./.. lies Hi'lp., Paris, iS;4, Nos. Si, Ss, p. 642.
i) Cases, three chancres of the lip. and one of the chin,
aj Case, chancre on Uie thigh in bov 10 years old.
3j Case, infection of sister of preceding boy.
"Legons sur la syph. prim.,'* Paris. (Alsi
XXVIL. pp. 137, 345).
4) Ca.se, chancre on the back, female (p. 323).
" Legons sur les ma), vener.." Paris, 1S83.
5) Six cases, chancre of lip [pp. 316, 442, 443).
G) Four ciuses, chancre from shaving; upper lip, s, ch
27=. 33y. 39-!)-
7) Four cases, chancre of tongne (pp. 371, 327, 443, 444).
La France m&L, taso.
7a) Case, chancre lower part lumbar region
(p. 371).
8) Three cases, chancre of tonsil (pp. 32a. 443).
g) Four cases, chancre of fingers (pp. 323, 445, 446).
10) Three cases, chancre of chin (pp. 31;. 443).
11) Case, chancre of eyelid (p. 445I.
12) Several women infected by an accoucheur (p. 27a).
131 l\^-c-. Lhiuiciv, Ltbdunicn, p. 445; thigh, p. 956; anus, p. 447.
[S^L'.ii-.lv! ,■ \' .. II L', andZvMiTiTCH).
uriii. 1 '■ i.nLii^,. (Service uf Vidal).
I..L-. . .c. iSee VioAL).
ury, F. .1 : D^illc-s, C, W, Philadelphia, U. S. A.
Ai.Kr. j.uir.i. Ml.1. Sci., Jan.. 1378, LXXV.. p. 44.
Fifteen pcrsctns infectud trom tattooing, by a syphilitic tattooei
Epidemics).
from husband
Maxwell, J.
■■ llbservunuii^ioii la
F.dmU, 1S39.
Mayer. Berlin.
'■ Merkwiirdige Infect
hcdkundc, Berlin
iriginating Leprosy," etc.
•11. dcs
,.a. syph.. Vol. IV.
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 331
n nC 24 years, who at the same
Glasgow Med. Journ., Sept, 1383, 4th Ser., XX. (Med. Times and Gai.,
1885, I., p. 5),
i) Case, chancre, left lower eyelid, inoculation througli having a "black
eye " lanced, and the wound sucked by a syphilitic (p. 31 1). •
a) Case, chancre of eyelid, in a youth, infection probably from dressing
sores of a room-mate witlt recent syphilis (p. aiij.
Ufauu-d.
(Cited by Leukand, '■ De I'or et du Mercnr," Obs. 178-180, p- 1S8).
I) Case, chancre of breast, nurse from nurslinR.
a) Case, yearling child, infected by mother who had just boroe previ-
ously mentioned child.
Uensingft.
IntemaL klin. Rundschau, Wien, i88S, II.. p. 1455. *
Nurse infected by nursling of second generation, wilh secondary
Hentzel, J. C. Physician to the King of Russia.
Ephem. Acad. N. C, Dec., III., NUraberg, 1706 (Gibtanner, p. 33a).
Case, woman ix> years old, infected from Cendrng her sun.
Heric, Victor de.
British Med. Journ., 1874, I., p. 105.
Case, chancre, left tonsil, married mi
Uericamp, I, P. I'aris, Hop. St, Ixmis. {Interne, service of Fuurniek).
<Seebu■lu^ARD).
Uerkleo, P. Paris.
Annales de Derm, ct de Syph., :83i, p. (173.
Case, chancre, lelt tonsil, simulating epithelioma, in woman of C14 years.
Hen, L.
Archivde tocologic, Jan. 1890.
1) Two cases, nurses infected by nurslings.
2) Case, chancre of breast, mother, from nursmg own child, exception
to CuLLEb' law. (Also a similar case cited from Tom MAii-Cku lieu,
q. v.).
• MeMaroah, P. I, Astrakhan.
' MediLsinskoe Obozrainie, iSgi,
' Case, chancre, upper lip, in a
I Uetseer.
\ " Ueber den gomeinschaftlichen Kelch." Grusek's Almanach f. Aerate a.
1 Nicblarzlc. Jena, 178(1, pp. iio-ii4.*
f lieTer. Mindern.
"Verbreitete Syphilis durch eine syphilitische Amme." Med. Zeil'g,
I (herausg. v. vcreine f. lleilkunde m Preussen) Berlin, 163S, June 13.*
I Syphilis spread by u nurse.
i H^er^Ahreni. Zurich.
f Schweitz. Zeitschr. f. Nat. u. Heilk., N. F., Bd. Ill, (BEirRENUa Syphilid., |
I 1&44. p. 551)-
Firat appearance of sj-phills in Switzerland, and laws to prevent its
spread by cupping, sheltering wayfarers, tic,
HicliMlsen.
"IdoDtitSt der sogenannten Dithmarsischen Krankheit mit den geralteten
allgemeiiien Syphilis." Oj'i-EMiP.iK'ii Zeitschr. f. die gesammte
Medicin, Bd. XXI., 1842. p. 433. (Quoted by Boeck. ■■Traile d, L
" ' "etL., iSoo, p. 47)-*
the morbus Dithmarensis as a syphilis li
33" SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
Michahetles, G. C. C. W.
■■ Das malo di Scarlievo," Nuremb., 1S33.
Alsci a brief wenlion of " Mai di Breno" (p. at).
Michel. ErUngeD.
" Krankh. der Lider" Graafb u. Saemisch's Mandb. d. gesammtcD
Augenheilk., Leipzig, 1876, p. 417.
1 i) Case of Solomon, J. V. (q. v.), chancre lower eyelid, in S-months-old
child, from iis auni.
a) Case of MacKenzie, W., chancre of lower eyelid.
3) Case of Stei.uvau von Cahion (q. v,), chancre inner angle eyelid, con-
taminated by finger.
4) Case of Desmakkes (q. v.'). chancri; of eyelid in medical man, coagb-
ing in face.
5) Case of HE Weckeb, L. (q. v.). chancre of lower eyelid.
6) Case of RiuiRO, cbancre external angle of eyelid.
Michel, J. Paris. H6p. Lourcine. (Interne, service of Fovrniek).
(Case reported by Ai'PAV, q. v ').
Case, chancre of breast, nurse from nnrsUng.
Middleton, F, Santiago.
Bolet. de med., Santiago, ISS4.5, I„ p. 383.
il Case of vaccino-syphilis in a nursling.
3) Caw, infection of wet-nurse by above nursling.
Migneco, H. Catania, Sicilv. nermo.-syph. Institute of Catania.
•' ReK-uione clinica per rannii, i.^o." Edit. Galati, Catania, iSoi (Archiv
f. Derm, u, Syph., V..1. XXIV.. 1892. p. 114).
Statistics r amfinp 8cj chancres observed (77 men and 12 women), only
fine extra-genilal, a man with a chancre in the inguinal region.
Milchailoff, N. F. Moscow.
Trans, of the 4th gen. meeting of Russian medical men at Moscow, iSgt,
No, 9, p. 271.
1) During 1S84-86, 28 wet-nurses contracted syphilis tn the " Moscow
Foundlinjt Home."
3) Sim Zem-iky |>i iictliioners, report in 3 years, 10; peasant women va-
Ill>. ill' .11 - ■ ni friim above " Home " to rustic farmcra.
3! '1 '■ ...i^esof infants infected by wet-nurses,
I 1 , , . .,il not been previously reported).
Mikulicz, .!:■■' M.clitKo:!.
'■Atlas iUt Kr;.n
genital lukalisirte Ini
p. II).
Case, chancre of upper and lower lip, in man of 23 years.
Milbank, R. New V.irk.
Auliivesof Pediatrics, 18S4. 1., p. 161.
Casi-, ihimcre of genitals in a child, source unknown.
Millard, V. Paris. Hi'ip. Reanjon. Physician.
i;i-.ii..n mM.. i8(p5. No. 147.
ij Gn>U]i (if seven tases, of vaccino-syphilis, from same vaccinifer,
(Reported by Bniiik, q. v.).
2) Case, chunere of lip, followed by tabes dorsalis.
Milroy. G,
■Leprosy and Vaw.-i in the West Indies." 1673.* (Fnx and FAWji-HAii,
" Skin and other Diseases of India," etc., 1S76, p. si.
Milton, J. L. London.
•■ AHistorj' iif Svphilis," Ldndun, 137'). p. 6(>. (Reprinted from the Edinb.
Med. Journ.).
it of SiBBE.ss and other endemic syphiloids.
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 333
Minkeritch, J. J. Tiflis.
Proc. of the Caucasian Med. Soc., 1887, No. 7. p. 161. (Prov. Med. Joum,,
18B7. p. 441).
Case, chancre of finger, midwife from delivery.
Hinot. Boston.
Boston Med. and Surg. Journ.. 1S89, CXXI., p. &08.
Case, chancre of iip, in a husband, the disease communicated to wife.
Uirear, H. Bordeaux.
'■ Essai sur hcrid. de la syph,," These de Paris, 1867. (Cited by Four.nieb,
" Syph. et Marriage," p. 39).
Case, child 2 years old, infected by its father's kisses.
Mitchell, H.
Lancet. London, 1S87, 1., p. 622.
Case, chancre of cheek.
HitUsch, H.
"Die syphilitischen Erkrankungcn tier Augenlider" Dissert. Wiiriburg,
1883, p. i,2. (Archiv f. Derm. u. Syph., Vol. XX., igSS, p. 17).
Case, chancre of eyelid.
lloSkt, A, D. Glasgow.
British Med. Joum., iSS9. II., p. 1198.
Case, chancre of lip, no particulars as to mode of infection.
Hoffet, G: E, Surgeon. English Army.
"Communication of syphilis by LaUnoing," Lancet, 1887, II., p, 910.
1) CasR. chancre of left forearm, C, M., aged 21 years.
3) Case, chancre of right forearm, T. G., aged 15 years.
3) Case, chancre below the insertion of right deltoid, W. C, aged 3i
UolfneB, Paul de. Annates de Derm, et de Syph., 1S91, p. 37S.
Case, chancre of right tonsil , case ot reinfection after 3 years.
HloUi6rc, D. Lyons.
(Cited by JuLLiEN. "Trait^des nial. vcn.," 1B86, p. 589).
Cose, chancre of forefinger, from a bite,
Uonell. New York.
New York Med. Times, 1854, p. 404.
Case of vacci no-syphilis.
Monnct.
Joum. des ma!, cutan. et syph., iSgr, p. 36S.
1} Case, chancre of cheek, child one year old.
2) Case, chancre of upper iip, child 5 years old.
3) Case, chancre left commissure of mouth, child 7 years old.
(All infected by mother).
llonturgia, G. B. Milan.
•' Annotazioni pratiche sopra i Mali Venerei," Milan, 1794.
t) Case, nursling infects nurse; she her own infant, who received a
chancre of the upper lip (ji , 244),
■£) Case, nurse infects nursling of 16 months (p. Z44).
3) Case, nurse infects nursling of 10 months (p. 244).
4) Case, nursling infects nurse (p. 247).
5) Case, nurse infected by own son, infects a nursling (p. 250).
6) Case, old woman infected in spoon-feeding a foster-child (p. 355),
Uontgomerr, H. B. Chicago.
Transactions Illinois State Med. Assoc, for 18S5.
Two cases, chancre of conjunctiva, from contamination by the tongue,
in seeking 10 remove foreign bodies.
Moore, W. D.
Med. Times and Gaz., London, i8D(j, I., p. 3S. (Exlr. from Norsk Maga-
334 SYPHILIS INSOWTIUM
zin for Ltegrevidens., XIX., No, 11., Cliristiania, November. 1BB5,
Dr. OwBE, q. v.),
I) Case, chancre' of umbilicus in a male.
3) Two cases, chancre of lip in girls.
3) Four cases, chancre of breast, nurses from nurslings.
4) Case, infection of child by woman with secondary syphilis who took
care of it.
5) Case, infection of child, nursling from nurse.
6) Two cases, chancre of penis in boys aged 4 and b years, no, coitus.
Mora, A. and Soresina, G- B.
" Contr. clin. relat. al met. d. Pr. Scareniio per la cura d. syph. const,"
Oiom, ital. d. mal. ven. e del, mal. d. pel.. 1870, p. 2S6.
1) Case, chancre of nippli;. uurse from nursling, G. M., aged 23 years.
Giom. ital. d. mal. ven. e del. mal. d. pel.. 1871, pp. 2(*. a65.
z) Two cases, chancre of nipple, nurses from nurslings,
Morand and Lassonne.
(Cited by Lugol '■ Researches on Scrofulous Dis.," New York, 1845, p. 100).
Lactation epidemical Montmorenci; "most of the nurses in this provinco
were affected with syphilis." (Sec Epidemics).
Moraz.
Cases of vacci no-syphilis (reported by Boi'vter, q. v.).
Morel-Lavall£e, A. Paris. H&p. St. Louis, Chief of Clinic.
Annales de Derm, et de S>;ph., 1B83, p. 39.
1) Case, chancre of tonsil, female, V. P., aged ^^ (Hflp. Lariboisiere, B.
Ant;ek. q. v.).
Annales de Derm, et de Syph., 1886, p. S5.
2) Case, chancre of eyebrow, E. G., aged 41, from bite (H6p. Lariboisiere,
SlKEl.EV, q. v.).
Annales de Derm, et de Syph., 1887, p. 701.
3) Case, chancre inside left nostril, B. C, aged jg (Service of Fotfs-
4) Case, chancre upper lip, female, M. P., aged 24 (Serviceof Fookniek).
Annales de Derm, et de Syph., i898. p. 375.
5) Statistics, FnrK.MKK's clinic ia87-8:ej;tra-gonital chancres, 45; chancre
of lip (upper, 9, lower. 7), total. iD; chin, 6 (two in raior-cuts);
tongue, 2; eye, i; cheek, z (one from raior. one from bite); nose, 2;
tonsil. I ; breast, 8 ; anus, a ; abdttmen. a ; thigh, i ; band, 1 ; finger, i ;
thumb, I.
fi) C.isl-, tlumcre, left tonsil from pencil. T., aged iS (Case of Cauiette's),
l,T[ii..ii moil., Paris, 1887, XLIV,, p. 1.
7) I'asf, Ltuuicrc-' right nipple, source unknown (one of the above),
Morgagni, J. B.
' p,',: juii^l'f'Ti-^'.'xMx!','
Syphiliiic infection from a c.idaver.
Morgan, J. Dublin. Lock Hospital.
Med. Press and Cirvular, Liindc^n, July 28. 18&), p. 77.
1) Ca.se, chaniTi. r . I- i.i ull!,, li rand-mother from grand-child.
"Pract. Lessons "II 1 i lat. . . . contag. dis..*' London, il
a) Twocases. Cv. .. \~ !iom kisses, betrothed.
3) Two cases, imi ,■ ■ iMn'r i iiv ]iurslings,
4) Family epidfiiiiL ; uni'inj; till? vktims, an old lady ■
Mori, R.
L'Ij.i]jocratin, Fano, Forli, ifi-i, XXXIV., Nos. 14, 15, p. 451.
Epidemic of vaccino-syphilis at Fiome. 1B70; thirty-five \
many secondary infections. (See Epidemics),
, ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 335
Uorozoff.
The Sci. I Kwai Medical Journal, Ol-U, i8ijo. p. ifq-s.
Case, chancre of upper lip.
Morpain. Paris. HGp. du Midi. (Interne).
(FciKNiBR -'^tudesur la chancre ceph.," 1858).
Case, chancre at labial commissure, in woman of 35 years. {Obs. 12).
Morris, Henry.
Case of infection by the milk of wet-nurse(?) (See Nunn, T. W.).
Morrow, P. A. New York. Surg, to Charity Hosp.. Qniv.,Clin. for Ven. Dia.
Journ. Cutan. and Ven. Dis., 1884, p. 149; 1889, p. 148.
I) Case, chancre of chin in razor cuL
a) Case, chancre root of nose (seen in Mexico).
Mowley, B. Chelsea.
"A Treatise on the Lues bovilla," London, 1805.
Of 504 cases of "lues bovilla," some are probably vacci no-syphilis;
one infant afterwards infected its mother by lactation.
UotT. S^ida. Hop^ Militaire.
Gas. dca Hop., Paris, 1881, LIV., No. uS, p. 1020.
Ca.se, chancre of eyelid from wash-water used in moistening dressings
on a venereal subject.
Moulon, de.
■■Norvellea obsen-adons sur la nature et ]e traitement de Scherlievo,"
Milan, 1834.* (Presse med., 1637, Mai, No. 35).
Uoura. Rio Janeiro.
■■Chancro infect, d. palpebras," Rio, iSSg.
(Known by title only).
Moure, E. J, Bordeaux.
Revue de lurvnKoloKle, July 1, 1887 (Annales de Derm, et de Syph.. Vol.
IX , iSSJ.,'p. 596).
i) Case, tiiancre on septum nares. supposed contagion by fingers.
(Reported bv Dtpi.Mi, q, v.. These de Bordeaux, 1887).
3) Case, Eiustachian-sound infection.
3) Case, chancre of fauces.
" Un nouveau caa de chancre indure de la fossa nasale." Ferct et Flls,
Bordeaux, 1892.
4) Case, chancre left nasal fossa in man of 15 years, mode of infection
not given.
Moutard-Martin. Paris. Hop. Cochin.
Mra^elc, F. Vienna. (Venereal clinic. Si(;Mi-Nn).
Wien. med, Woch., 1879, Nos. 18. 44; Alli^'. Wien. med. Zcit'g, 1879,
No. 43. (Cases repeated in following article);
Wien. med. Presse, uSSo, XXI., pp. 9, 47, B7, 113, 141.
1) Eight cascM, chancre of lip, mostly from kissing.
3) Two eases, chancre of tongue, one from drinking- vessel.
3) Case, chancre uf chin, source unknown.
4) Case, chancre behind right ear, from a kiss.
5) Case, chancre of finger, nurse in syphilitic ward.
6) Ca.se, chancre hack of left hand.
7) Case, chancre right wrist.
8) Case, chancre right nipple, from kiss.
9) Chancre of abdomen, i; right nates, 1 ; left thigh, i.
afiller. F. W. Leipzig.
"GrundriSK der Pathol, u. Therap. d. vener. Krank.," Leipzig, 1S82.
Case of Eustachian infection, without particulars.
33* SYPHILIS INSQNTIUM
Multknowski.
Medvcvna, 16B0. No. a
Eight case " '
Munk, Hans.
■■Om Radesygen i Stavanger Sygehus," 1705). Todfe raed.-chir. lourn.
Vol. v.. No. 1.* (Quoted by Boeck, "Traite d. I. Radesyge, etc.,
i8fo, p. n).
Munninlcs. J. Groningeo.
"Hisit, d'un mal. . . . a Groningre en 1604." Dissert. luaug., 1805.
EpiJernii; from breast-drawing. (See Epidemics).
Murzia, L. N. Moscow. Miasnitskv Hospital for Syphilis.
McdiCsinskoe Obazrenaie. 1S90, fjo. 1, p. 36.
Two cases, chancre upper eyelid, infection from saliva applied to the
eye for the cure of a stye.
MusitanuB, C. Naples.
'■ Waag. Schaale der Venus-Seuche," Hamb.. 1700. p. 64.
Infant adopted into a Sorrentine ciraveal, itifected a wet-nurse and later
nearly all the nuns, by kissing or tending it. {See Epidemics).
Musset, H. Paris.
L'Union med., Paris, 1S52, p. 5S7,
Case, chancre of tongue in a pregnant woman.
Muys, J oh.
(Observation reported by Scurmt;, q. v.).
NaECl, E. Tiibiogen. Univ. Pmf. of Ophthalmology.
(Reported by De Beck, " Hard chancre of eyelids and conjunctiva," I8EK^
p. 5^1-
Statement: has seen cases, chancre of the lids and conjunctiva, no
Naasans, A. Hflp. du Midi. (Ex-interne).
|Kf|iiirlcd by Foubnier, " Chancre ceph," 195S).
C.'ise, chancre of lip, in 25-year-old subject. (Obs. 16),
Nasse, F. Bonn. Univ. Prof, of Clinical Medicine.
(Kepi.rted by Ruihenburi;, q. v. Obs. II., III.).
1) Case, chancre of lip, in a young virgin.
2) Cose, chancre of gum, m a child of six months, probably from
mother.
Nayler, G. London. Surgeon to Skin IIosp., Blackfriars.
British med. Journ., iSbs, I., p. 359.
:) Three ca-ws of syphilis following vaccinaliiin, chancres in site of
inoculution.
■■ Diseases of thu Skin." ad Edit, London, 1874.
2) Tiv" cases, of vaccinal syphilis (seen with Mr. Startin, q. v.).
Neisser, L. ilreslau. Univ. Clinic for Skin Diseases and Syphilis.
iCa-cs published by Fuieul.^muek, Kofp, Lessek, Akninu and others,
<\. v.).
Nfilaion, A. Pads.
(Kil)i>rtedby LARovESNE'.q. v.).
Three eases, ehanero of eyelid.
Nettleship, E. London. St. Th'imas' Hosp., Eye Clinic, Surgeon.
British Med. Joum., 1S75, II., p. 363.
1) Ca,se. chancre, within the nostril,
(Related in IIin. and Ci-urKk's " Svphilis," etc. London, iSSr, ad Edit.).
2) Case, chancre of left lower lid', in child 3 years old,
I, Isidor. Vienna. Gen. Hosp., Div. for Skin Diseases and Syphilis.
. Wicn. med, Zcifg, ifiB6, ]). 57.
Ca-^e, child infected by servant's kisses, infects
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
a) Its mother; b) its grand -mother, thatiLre of tongue; r) its sist
aged 4 vears.
Allg, Wien. m'ed. Zeifg, tSBj.
a) Three cases, ehancre of lip (lower, a; upper, i) {pp. 297, 307).
3) Cose, chancre of hand, midwife, professional inoculation (p. 307).
4) Case, chancre ball of thumb, from bite.
(p. 197)-
Allg. Wien. med. Zeifg, iflSj. p. fi2.
BJ Case, chancre of finger, dentist, from extracting tooth from syphilitic.
I)) Ca.>ie, chancre of hand, from bite {see above, 4).
10) Case, chancre of tonsil, child from candy sucked by a syphilitic.
Wien. med. Blatter, 1683 Nor. iS. iq.
11) Case, old woman, infected by kissing grand-child.
Atlas der Hauikrankh., Wien, 1885, L., IV„ Taf. 55.
ij) Case, chancre upper lip in a female. (Plate).
Aer«l. Ber. des K. K. allg. K ran kenh. lU Wien., 188S CP«W. 1890), p. 103.
13) Case, chancre upper lip and ri^ht ala nasi, girl aged 20.
14) Case, chancre lower lip, right side, woman aged 38.
15) Case, chancre breast, wet-nurse from nursling.
16) Case, chancre forearm, woman 34, from washing clothes of syphilitic.
17} Case, chancre left tonsil, married woman of 30, probably from using
table-utcnsils in common with a syphilitic.
18) Case, chancre right tonsil, man aged 35.
Wien. klin. Wiwhenschr.. iSoo, III,, pp. 28a, 307. 323, 344, 33().
19) Statistics: tii3 cases from literature summarized according to
20) Statistics: B6 persona! cases, estra-genital chancre, during ten years.
21) Cases, chancre, upper lip, iB; one from bite, one from drinking- glass,
rest from kissing.
22) Cases, chancre, lower lip, sS; three women from kissing, one from
table-utensils, one woman from grund-chilil with inherited syphilis,
sucking on her lip. the rest from kissing.
23) Cases, chancre comer of mouth, S; one from smoking old cigar
94) Cases, chancre of ctieek. 2; both from kissing,
' 25) Cases, chancre of chin. 5 ; in four, infection probably from a ra^ur.
36) Case, chancre, pharynx and soft palate, souice unknown,
27) Cases, chancre of tonsil, 2; in one, from spoon previously used by
syphilitic.
aS] Cases, chancre, ala nasi, 3; in one case a woman, washing a vessel
used by a syphilitic for local bathing, frequently rubbed an cKCori-
ated jilace on the ala nasi.
29) Two cases, chancre of eyelid.
I 30) Cases, chancre. Angers and hand, 11; one acquired while wiistiing
I infected linen, one from a bite.
' 31) Cases, chancre of nipple. 4; one from a bite, one from kiss of a
< syphilitic man. and two from disea.sed nurslings.
32) Case, chancre of umbilicus in a child from sleeping with its mother,
who had been infected by her husband in eighth month of pregnancy.
Verhand. der Wiener Dermatol. Gesell., Site. Mar, 23, i3y2. (Arthiv f.
Derm. u. Syph. Vol. XXIV., 1892, p. S55).
33) Case, chancre middle of upper lip in cigarette girl, infection possibly
from cigarettes.
Nerei Am. Rocha.
'■ Cancro duro da palpebra." O Brazil medico, 3.* (Sz*dek, *■ Index bib.
Syph.." 4th Jahrg., p, 33).
SYPH/US INSONTJUM
., p. 779. (London med. Recorder, iSSs.
p. lin-
ear, thancre of tongue in virgin, probably from table-ware.
Niece, Ch.-de la. Pans. H6p. St Louis. (Service of Focrniek).
Annales de Derm, etde Syph., iSSo. id Ser., VII,, p. 215.
Case, chaucre right elbow, infection probably by scratch with soiled
linger.
Niel, J. G. Montpellier.
(Cited by Lk^ibami. " Ue I'or et du Mercur." p, 167).
Two cases, nurses infected by same nursling.
Nikolslcy, D, P. SL Petersburg.
V'ratsch., iBgi. XII.. 987. (Monatsh. f, prakl. Derm., tSqs. p. 113)-
I) Case, chancre right aide of face, near angle of jaw, from shaving.
s) Statement: among the peasantry of Russia 50 to 90 per cent, of cases
o[sy])hiH^are by extra-genital infection.
3) Sta\islius (rora literature.
Nikolslcy, V. J. Tambow Gou\-ernraent. Physician.
Vml-.dj,. i-^(.. No. VII.. pp. 735-738.
StalistLL'i] five )' ears in peasanl»y of his dialrii^t; 15,7 per cent, of all
cases of sickness due to syphilis.
Niobis. Rive-cie-fiier.
(Cited by Lancbrkaitx, ■'Treatise on Syphilis,"' London, 1S69, Vol, II..
p. 245).
Ten cnsL-s of syphilis in glass-blowers, seen before 1858.
Nivet, X. Pans. H6p. St, Louis. (Interne, service of Fournier).
'■ Di; la treq. relat. des .... chan. syph. extra-genit." These de Paris,
1SS7 ( Annales de Denn, et de Syph., 1S37. p, 813).
1) Statistics: 47 extra-genita! chancres during year :886, H&p. St.
2) Statistiijs; 51)5 extra-genital chancres in Foursif.r's public and private
practii;e during about 30 years i lip, 26S; tongue, 37; tonsil, 2q;gura. b;
palate. 3: uvula. 2; pharynx, 1 ; mouth, 1 ; chin, 31 ; eye and eyelids,
1 5 : clieek, 1 1 ; nose. 1 1 : neck, S ; ear, 4 ; face, z : temple, 1 ; forehead,
I ; submaxillary region, 1; breast, 34; fingers, 31 : hand, 5; clavicle, a,
arm, i ; elbow, i ; forearm. 1 ; anal region, 50; abdomen, ao; thigh,
12; buttocks, 3: great Inx^hanter, 1 : calf, i ; malleolus, 1.
Nodet, L. Lyons. _ Hospice de VAntiquaiile. (Ser\-ice of Roi.let).
" fitude sur les div, espee. du chancre." These de Montpellier, 1863.
Statistics: of (J5 cases of !,y;)liilis, there were six extnugenital chancres;
lip, 4; eyelid, i ; nostril, 1,
Noekentved. Fr.inekj^r, Denmark.
Ilu-i>itaKtiikTid.', March 1. 1893.
il C.i-^o, (haiicre lower lip, in a mnn, whose pipe was smoked by
atiLiihur \iith mucous patehes.
il Tlircc aiidilional cases of syfhili.s. acquired probably through the
common use of pipes or table-utensils, from the infecting agent in the
Nott, J. C. New York.
Auto-iiiftction, chancre of finger, from operation. (See Lvdston).
Notta, M. Pari«.
La France MMicale, 1SS5, II., p. 14S6.
Case, chancre, upper and lower lip, in a 2o-year-old man. probably from
Nowakowski. Wa:
(Reported by Ki
Epidemic of
ANALYTICAL BJBLIOGKAPHY 339
Hojes, H. D. New York. Bellevue College. Prof, of Ophlhalmology,
{Reported by De Beck, "Hard chan. of eyelids and conjunct.." 1B86, p. S:^
Statement; bas seen caM.'S of chancre of eyelids, but no notes.
Nnmi, T. W.
Lanoet, London, Dec. z6, iSiji, p. 1435.
i) Case, chancre of lower lip, near angle of mouth,
i) Case of infection by milk of wet-nurse (Henhv Mohris, q. v.),
Ob&linski. Kralcow. Univ. Prof, of Surgery.
(Reported by jAKPfi, q. v.). i
Two cases of circumcision-syphilis.
OMd£iure. Bucharest.
Proc. Sex:, de Chirurg. de Paris, 1875, p. 141. {Cited byRoussKL, "SypH.
tertiaie," Pgris, 1S81, p. 155).
Case, chancre of tM)th nipples, probably infected by own child.
Obtulowicx, F. Krakow. Clinic of Prof. Rosner.
Virchow-Hirsch Jahresb., 1S76, 11., p, 545.
Case, nursling infected by mother {a case similar tothatof Akninc, q. v.>.
O'Connor, D. C. Cork, Ireland. Workhotise Hospital.
Dublin Quart Journ.. June, 1S46 {Lancet, London, June »o, 1B46).
I) Case, infection, nurse from nursling,
a) Ca.se, chancre jif nipple, in mother of preceding nursling.
3) Case, infection, child of nurse, through spoon-feeding the nursling
(This episode the cause of a court trial, see Euan*, "SyphiliL Diseascv^
P- ^-t)-
Dublin Quart. Joum. of Med. Scien., 185S, XX ^^L, p. 105,
4) Case, chancre of nipple, nurse frnm nursling.
5) Case, infection of a nurse by nursling.
OedDunaaon, E. L. Stockholm. Univ. Prof, of Syphilis.
Nord. Med. Ark.. 181.9. I-- 4. p. t (plate).
Case, infection of a nurse by a nursling.
Oetterlen, Fr.
" HisL-kritische Darstellung des Streits iiber die Einheil Oder Mehrbeit
der venerischen Contagien," Stuttgart and Augsburg, lSn6.
Case, chancre of fauces, in girl of 18 years, virgin with undeveloped
genitals (p. iHi). (See Ktiicii and Lam:em<eck).
Outreicher.
Berlin, derm. Verein,, Sitz., Nov. s, iSS<i; Archiv- f. Derm. u. Syph., VoU.
XXIIl., iSgi.p. B37.
Case, chancre if left cheek, from razor-cut, in man of 30 years.
Ohmann-Dnmesnil, A. H. St. Louis, I'. S. A.
St Louis Med. and Surg. Joum., LV., i38S. p. 354 (Annales de Denn.
et de Syph.. iS83, p. 718).
i) Case, two chancres, hard palate, near gum, man aged 54, from smok-
ing a pipe used by others.
Monatsn. i. prakt. Derm., i'
a) Two cases, chancre of 1
St. Louis Clinique, Vol.. IV., :\o. a, p. (17.
3) Case, chancre tif tonsil.
International Clinics. Oct.. 1S91, p. i3S.
4) Cose, chancre of the Uiumli.
OlUcr, L, Lyons. Prof, nf niniiiil Surgery.
" Traill expirim. et clin. des ns." cic. Paris. 1S67. Vol. II., p. 46 (Cited bj-
RoussKL, "Syph. tcrtiare," ]). 1^9).
Case of vacci no-syphilis (also described in part by BmjLLy, q. v.).
OlTmiiioi
Com
SYPHILIS INSQNTIUM
. 18G5, No. 18.
Case of vaccino-syphilis. .
Ory, E. Paris.
" Contrib. a I'ftiol. d. syphilides malignes pr&oces," Thtee de Paris, 1875.
I) Three cases of Besnieh, St Loms, 1875 ; two chancres of Ihe upper
lip and one of the chin.
i) Case, BoiFRnoN, Chariie, vaccino-syphilis, from unclean scarifier.
3) Case, ViiiAi., Academy vaccination, maligrnant syphilis. 1S70.
4) Case, chancre of linger, in a physician; no particulars.
5) Case. WoiLLEz, Lanboisi^re. 1873, chancre uE upper tip.
6} Two cases. Lailler, fiaccees. afterwards married, each chancre of
lip, man infected woman.
7) Case, ViiJAL, St. Louis, 1874, chancre upper lip from drinkiog-glass.
8) Case, Gvibuht, SI. Louis, 1875. chancre upper lip from drinking-glass.
9) Case, ViOALand Laillek, St. Louis, tSyt, probable chancre of fauces,
:863.
ia) Case, Harov, St. Louis. iS6s, midwife infected on hand.
13) Case, Laub6 and Covne, Pitie, 1S72. chancre upper lip. man aged 51.
14) Two cases, Hakdv, girls, chancre forearm, carrying child (p. »5).
Osiftnder.
■' Dcnkwijrdigkeiten." Bd. II., 1, p. 100. (Ploi'qitet).
Syphilis insontium " per occubationem in eodem lecto.''
OstroUmoCT, Fedor V.
"Statistics of Syphilis in the TcherepoveU Uiezd" (Novgorod Government,
North Russia). Tchercpoveti, 18S9.
o) Syphilis prevails endtmically in 90 per cent, of villages.
b) Attacks especially garrison soldiers, then fciUows clergy (16.6 per
cent, of the total number of syphilitics).
r) Children, under g years of age, constitute 15.3 per cent, of total of
svphllilics.
d) Congenital syphilis more frequent in male than in female infants,
all other forms more frequent in women than in men.
f) Syphilis is spread mainly in a nun. sexual way.
/") Little t'liildren infected mostly, through feeding bottles, etc ; snb-
\vv\-~ "i niher ages from family life, towels, utensils, etc.; clergy
ilinnL^ii ritual kissing duriug Easter service, and some otber
1.1. rvniiini.ils. peculiar to the "Orthodox" religion.
Otis. F. N. \<-v' ^^.^l.■ r'r..i". Von. I )w , ("..llpsrp (.f Physidansand Surgeon-t
'■L'U:-, !■ ■ ' •■ ■■ ■■.-■.,\''\ -' .!■ 1 L!..l: .ii Sv]ihilis," New York, 1881, p.
'■:;, '■ ■■' " ■' '■■ ; . ■' ■ ■" -■,;^'\:Vp. .38).
J) r.L-.'. -r ■■■ --, ,,1.^.1!. ■■ ;i .i... I . Inmi puncture of spiculaof
3) Case, chancre of lower lip, ircim liuncc. kis.sing (p loi).
4) Case, chuniTe. right angle of mouth, physician, from pipe.
5) Clisu. cluLiicre, angle of mouth, from dentist.
()) Caso, ihaiRrc lower lip, from lead pencil.
"Pracl. din. lessons on Syphilis,- etc., New York, 1SS3, Vol., I.
7) Eight cases, chancer of fuiger in medical men (including ftbove fbnr)
IP- 3S).
8) Case, chancre li>wer tip. man aged 3S, from kissmg.
Ottava, Irnatz. Hiida-Peslh. I'niv. Eve Clinic. (Assistant).
Swrncsiei, No, 3, ii^si (Monatsh. f. prakt. Derm., 1887. p. 3S4).
Case, chancre upper eyelid, girl aged 32.
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 34'
OttersoD, W. C.
New York Med. Times, 1863, N. S.. IV., No. a3, June 6, p. 867.
Epidemic of vaccino-syptUis ; 80 soldiers inoculated out of 300. (Se»
Epidemics).
Otto.
Trans. Provin. Med. Assoc., 1839, VII.. p. 212,* (Hirsch, Handb. der
histor. geograph. Path. Stuttgart, 18B3, II., p. 74).
Report on "Syphiloid" of Jutland.
Owen, E. London.
Lancet, London. 18S1, p. 3;3.
Case, chancre of lip.
Owre.
Eleven cases extra-genital chancre. {See Moobe, W. D.).
Traits des mal. Spidem., t, IV., p. 232.' (Quoted by Rollet, "Traitfi
des mal. v^n.," p. 4(0).
Upon the subject of Scherlievo.
Pacchiotti. G. Turin. Surgeon, Univ. Clinic.
"Sifil. tTa.sraessa p. me^w) d. vafcinat. in Rivalta," Torino, 1862.
i) Forty-six ca.ses, infection from vaccination (pp. 19-17). (See Epi-
demics).
a) Twenty-six ca.'ies. infection, nurses from nurslings (pp, 46-48, 66).
3) Case, chancre of lip and tonsil, in boy of 1 1 years (p. gi).
4) Case, chancre of tonsil, in girl of 13 years, sister of one of abovft.
mentinneil vaccinated children (p. 51).
s) Casu. Lhancre of forearm, in girl of ra years, sister, from carrying
oiiu oi tlic vaccinated children (p. 51).
Paget, Sir J. London. St. Bartholomew's Hospital.
Lancet. London, Oct. 15. 1S70, p. 536.
i) Case, chancre of tongue.
Report of Army and Navy Commission, etc., 1867.
a) Statement: has .seen plenty of cases of chancres on lips and fingers;
the latter especially in medical men (p. 395).
Quoted by Makiun Sims, q. v.; reference not given.
3) Over fifty cases in medical men. from professional infection.
Paget, Stephen. London. Sen. Assist. Surg., Metropolitan Hosp., and West
London Hosp.
" Chancre of the lip." Lancet, London, Apnl ifith, 1392, p. Ss6.
Statistics collected from various sources and mention of two caiies with-
out details.
P«i^J. Ghent
•' Heelkondige ontleedning von raenschen lichnam," Lcyden, 1718.,
(GlKTA.SNBIt, No. 810).
Coses of midwives professionally infected.
Paliard. Lyons.
Lyon m&d., 1873, IX., p. 36; X., p. 4S1,
Case, chancre ot forehead.
Puias. Paris. Univ. Prof, of Ophthalmology.
(Cases related by Dklai-eksonme, q. v.', %
Two cases, chancre of eyelid.
Pucritius, F. W. T. Berlin. Gelieim. SanitStsrath.
'■Ueber Lungen-Sypbilis," Berlin, i3Si.
i) Case, chancre of finger, in a physician, by vaginal exploration (Obs.
1., p. 72).
a) Case, chancre of finger, cause not given. (Obs. 6S, p. 205).
3) Family epidemic from wet-nursing. (( lbs. 4. p. 823).
4) Case, chancre of lip. .source not jjiven. (Obs. 10, p. 334).
34= SYPHILIS LVSONTIUM
5) Ca&e, chancre of lip, from kissing. (Obs, 18. p. 24;).
6) Case, chancre of toasil, in a woman from her affianced. (Obs. 3, p.
sgi).
Part. Ambrose. Paris. Surgeon to Henri II., and III., Prarcis II., and
Charles IX., of France.
■"Oeuvres completes," 1585, 4th Edit., p. 701. (Cited by Aitdoynaud,
'■ Syph, comraun. par allaiteraent," These de Paris, 1S69, p, 11),
Family epidemic, introduced by an infected wet-nun*.
Parinaud, H. Paris.
Case, chancre of eyelid. (Reported by Brocq, q. v.', (service of
llKSMKR).
P»rlier, Langston. Birmingham. Queen's Hospital, Surgeon.
Lancet, London, 1958. I., pp. 520. 606.
1) Two cases, chancre of nipple, from breast-drawing,
z) Case, wet-nurse infected by nursling.
Parola.
~ La dottrina vaccinica," 3d Edit. p.. 179.* (Cited by Pacchiotti, "Syph.
per meiio d. vacc." Torino, iSoz, p. 4).
Partridge, E. L. New York.
Xe.i- York Med. Juurn,, rSSo, p. 303.
Case, chancre of lip from kissing.
Gazettn medicale di Hilano, Oct. 14, 1643. (Cited by Lf.ppmann. Archiv
f. Derm. 11. Syph., 1SS3, p, 543).
Cases of vaccina! syphilis.
Paul, C. Pans,
(Reported by Letltlle, q. v,).
Case, chancre of lip in boy of 6 years, from mother.
Paolini, C. F.
Ob.s. mcd. phys., in Append. Eph. Nat. Cur., Ann. 5 (Girtanher, p. 378^
Alleged infection from pulv-enzed bone of syphilitic subjecti?).
Pauly, R. Lyons.
Annalcs de Derm, et de Syph,, Vol. III., June, 1695, p. 690.
i) Ca.se, chancre lower lip, in man of 33 years, in whom 14 years later two
chancres appeared on left cheek. (Service of CoRniEk).
Soc. de seiiinces raid, de Lyon, Nov., iSgi. (Journ. des mal. cut. et syph.,
l^i;2. p. 341).
1) C:i--v Lhancre of forehead m man ot 48, wound inoculation; 6 weeks
liiiLi ;i thiiiicre appeared on right cheek. (Service of Curdier).
Pavlov, P. S, M.-^cnv.
,\I,.>lii-.. < i]in/.ron:iic. iBgu, No. 1, p. 13. (Arcliiv f. Derm. u. Sj-ph., 1B91,
P- y^lh
ij Statistics: 45 cases i>f extra-genital chancre.
a) Among 123(1 syphilitic men, lueasc'i (o.B per cent.) were extra-genital;
tonsils, a; nose, 2; upper lip, 3; lower lip, 1; tongue, i; back of
3) Among U.5 syphilitic women, iz cases {^.^^ per cent) were extrsr
genital; brciisl, '>; lower lip. 2; tiinsil, i ; soft palate, t ; upper gtim, t.
4) Amon^ 43 children, 23 leases extra-genital chancre.
Payne, R. L. Luxiii^ion, N. C, V. S. A,
X.iMh (\iir,Iiii., Mi.,1. Jouni., |S;9, IV,, p. itg,
1 J t.",i-.( , ^\ ]>hilp-, in infant, frnm svphilitit cousin, by kissing.
•■ I. a'^t. lIhhciu of breast, in niolher of preceding, froc nursing,
P*in. I';iri-. il.'-p. St. Louis, Surgeon.
C;i>t. i.ii:iuLrL- -i right tonsil (reported bv iliE, q. v.).
Pease, W. A.
Cmcinnati mod. ;ind dental Juurn., :&3lj-i>7, II.
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 343
l) Case, chancre of nipple, auree-mother from noraling (?) (p. ag4).
1) Two cases, infection after tootli extraction (p. iqt).
Pektson. Manchester.
British meti. Jcum., ia6ty II., p. 594.
Case, infection of child of 4 years by parents; it bacl slept with its
mother.
Pellixzui, C. Pisa. Univ. Clin, of Dermatology and Syphilis.
Gioin. itaJ. d. maL ven., etc., 1879.
t) Statistics: wet-nurses, 69; infants. 54(30 buccal chancres); adults,
extra-genital, 70 cases {chancre of lip, 30).
3) Case, infection nursling frorn nurse (p. yiS).
3) Case, chancre of tonsil, mother from nursling (p. 314).
" Delia transmissfione accideniale della syphilis," Milan. 1S81 (also Giorn.
itai d. mal. ven., etc., iSSa. pp. ic)3. 257, 323).
3*) Case, chancre of anus in an infant, from a piece of cloth (Brochure, p,
331-
4) Five cases, infection, nurses from nurslings, infect their own and
other children (p. aog).
4>) Case, chancre right check, in girt of 16, from carrying a syphilitic
infant (Brocure, ji. 52).
5} Five cases, infection, nurses from nurslings (p. 309).
6) Case, infection, nurse from nursling, infects its mother (p. aog).
7) Case, infection, nursling from nurse, infecting his four-year-old
brother (chancre on left angle cf mouth) (p. 3:4).
8) Cases, lactation epidemic ; nurse infected by infant, infects her own
and three other children, these infect three mothers and aunt (p. 200).
9} Case, chancre of hairy scalp, from a comb, infant (cose of P. Pelliz-
ZAHl) (p. aiQ).
10) Case, infection, nursling, from mother (p. 221).
11) Nine cases, chancre of the lip, from common use of utensils.
12) Case, infection of a child, from kissing, infects its nuithcr (ji. 215).
13) Case, chancre of lip. workman usin^ bis comrade's Rl.ass (]>, 160).
14) Ca.ic, chancre of lip, pregnant woman, drinking at public fountain
(p. a6i)-
15) Case, chancre of lip, in student, from a pipe held onlv a. moment
(p. s63).
16) Cases, infection of four persons by eight-year-old girl, infected by
coitus (p. 2iq).
17) Case, chancre, right arm, in child of 4 years, from vaccination
8.223).
ise, chancre of chin, in man of 4S, infecting his wife, chancres on
cheek and sub-clavian region, by means of plaster fallen from sore
8. 273).
ise, chancre, right submaxillary region, from contact with chancre
of chin (p. 274).
30) Cose, chancre of leg, in child with infantile paralysis, transmission
by the brush electrode (case of IftL Grelu) (p. 271}.
ai) Case, chancre of breast, nurse from nursling, infecting
aai Husband, and <).year-old boy, chancres nn the eyelids <p. 276).
( 23) Case, chancre, right hand, in Prof. P. Pei.i.ij^zari himself, while per-
forming version (p. i-.'i).
24) Case, infection of a medical man. from professional exposure (p. 279).
35) Cose, chancre, right index ringer, from assisting at operation on
syphilitic man (p 2^1).
a6) Cases, chancre of tonsil, 4 ; neck. 1 ; check, 1 ; arm, 1 ; chin, i ; irhest, i ;
mouth, I ; anus. 3 (from contact).
La Nuova Clin. Dermosifil. di Siena, 18S4
27) Case, chancre, lower lip. in woman of 27 years (p. Saj.
28) Case, chancre of nipple (p. S2).
344 SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
Giorn. ital. d, mal. ven., etc., 1BB4, p. 173.
29) Case, chancre, right ing^uino-scrotal fold in i6-n:onths-old child,
sleeping with parents (p. g).
PelUxzari, P. Florence. Univ. Prof, of Dermatology and Syphilis.
Lo Speri men tale, Florence, i36a. No, 4 (British med. Journ., May 10, 1862,
p. 4'5)-
I) Case, chancre left arm, Dr. Bakgioni, from inoculation of blood from
syphilitic woman (experinient failed on Drs. Rosl and PasSagli).
"Can Syphilis be transmitted by the milk?" Giorn. ital. d. maL ven.,
etc. Vol. II.. [966.
3) Case, chancre of eyelid in child, from sleeping with syphilitic mother;
contact with her saliva (p. jig).
Report of Clinic, : 8 73-74 (Giorn. ital. d. mal. ven,, etc, 1B75).
3) Five coses chancre of tonsil (p. jKiJ.
4) Three cases, chancre of lip (p. 316J.
5) Case, chancre of finger (p. 316).
6) Ca-ii', oliauure of nipple, nnrse from nursling (p. 317).
Penny, W. J. lin^tnl, England.
Hnst..l ML-a.-Chir. Journ., i33B, p. 46.
LI i.'ii--i:. ihaiitre of Up, from shaving; probable re-infection.
1) Cdsc, uUiUicre of guni, sailor aged 32; thought to be from tooth-
Peola.
■' Relaiione al Consiglio Sanitari
Epidemic iif vacci no-syphilis a
lated. (See KpidemiLS|.
PercivaJ. Aiken. S. C, United Stal
{Reported l>y jiink>, q. v.l.
Epidemic ol vaccino-syphilis,
Pernhoffer, Gustav von.
■■ l."riK'r-in.lHirigu(i u. Erfahrungen iiber das Krankheitsiibel Skferljevo,
Lti.-.,' \V:i.il, 1S6S, p. 156.
CoinpkiL' itVLitiseun Scherlievo. with many references.
Perrin, L. .\hii-.illLS.
AleuiIl^, .le l)L-rm. et dc Syph., rSB4, pp. 331, 3S0.
1 1 'l'\> eiUv-sfveii ea.ses of extra-gemtul chancre. (See Lavercne).
Aimules licDcrm. et de Syph., i8yo, p. IJ54.
I) Cuse of vaccinal syphilis; infant of 3 months, infected
3) Its mother, chancre of right breast.
Perroud, L. Lvons, France.
Lvun Medical, i3(«j. III., p. 4'7-
1) Three cases, chancre of lip, two in glass-blowers.
2) Four cases, chancre of nipple in wet-nurs«s,
3) Ciisc, chancre of lip in wet-nurse,
Peter. Berlin.
liermatiil^ig. Si>c. of Berlin. Dec. t, iSgs. (Medical Pre.ss, Dec., iSga).
1} II (id irlKurvcd in L.^ssar' swards, during the past year. 20 cases extra-
gumlal syiih'lis; upper lip, S; lower lip. 4; mouth. 1 (from coitus per
(IS); 1 each un neck, linger. Uimliarvegion, Ihigh. and labium major in
infant of s mouths, froni its father, bv jsing chilli's diaper as a towel.
Dcrmatolog. Sue. of Berlin, Dec. (1, iSga.' {Le Mercredi Medical, Dec. aB,
1 S(|2).
2) Case, chancre left index finger in young man, auto-inoculated from a
chancre on his penis.
Petersen, O. V, St. Petersburg. Royal Ales. Hosp., Venereal Divisioa.
St. I'elersb. Wochenschr.. 1B80. N... 47.
1) Case, 2-year-old child, infected by dry-nurse.
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 345
Vratsch., tBB6. Nob. 33, 24. fAlso in Monatsh. f. prakt. Derm., iSas,p. 307).
a) StaterrieDt: in iuianii villages uf Russia, 75 per cent of infsctioos are
extra-genital.
3) Eleven ca.ses, chancre of lip, In y<mng apprentices, q to 14 years of
age, living in common,
4) Case, chancre of cheek, frim tooth inoculation.
5) Case, chancre of tonsil, man, who infected
6) His wife, chancre of <gum.
7) Case, nurse, infected by nursling of above,
Vratsch.. No. 44, 1S89, p. 980.
B) Case, chancre of left forefinger, man from bite.
Vratsch., No. iS, iSgo. (Monatsh. f. praltt. Derm., 1S90, Vol. XI., p. 6g).
9) Case, chancre, mucous surface middle of upper lip.
Vratsch., No. 49, i3gi, p. 1114.
lo) Case, chancre lower lip, man from a napkin.
?etreni, M.
Lo Sperimenl., Feb., 1871 (Giorn. ital. d. mal. ven., etc., 1371, 1., p. 238).
Case, female, syphilis acquired by nursing.
Petrini. Turin.
II raccogl. med. Forli, 1850. (Gaz, des H6p., Paris, i8;i. No. 5).
I) Two cases, chancre of nipple, nurses from nurslings, infecting
3) Their two children and husbands.
Petrontua, A. Trajan.
" IJe morbo Gallico," c. 2z. (Cited by Loew, 1682, q. v.).
Ca-se. infection of a respectable matron, source unknown.
?etr7. Gratz.
Allgem, Wiener med. Zeit'g, iSsq. V., No. 14.
Epidemic from tattooing; nine soldiers v
were seen, inoculated from tattooer. (See
Pettmaim, P. B. Frankfort.
Nov. Act Phvsico-Med. Act. Nat, Cur., 1767, III., Oba. 96, p. 497. {GiR-
TANNEK, So. 1313).
Case, chancre of finger in a midwife.
Pflnger. Bern,
Klin, nonatsbl. f, Augenh., iS7f). (Archiv f. Derm. n. Syph., 1876, p. 638).
1) Case, chancre both evelids, left eye, man aged 72 years.
Augenklinik in Bern, Beficht, 1S77. (Archiv f. Derm. u. Syph,, 1889, p.
24S).
i) Case, chancre both eyelids, right ejre, woman aged 59 years.
Pick, F. J. Prague.
Allg. Wiener med. Zeilung. iSSo, XXV., p. 79.
i) Case, chancre of ring linger, in a midwife.
Allg. Wiener med. Zeitung, 1683. XXVill., p. i3.
a) Case, chancre of lower lip, in girl aged la years.
(See also Balm, Lazanskv, and Plvmek i ).
Piogey, Gerard. Paris.
Soc. med. du ame arrondissement de Paris, Seance May 1 ilh, 1854 (Clerc,
" Traite prat, des mat ven," Paris, i36t) p. 128).
Case reported by Aknal (q. v.).
Piruidraa.
•■ De la syphilis des amygdales," Thcst- dc Paris, iSSj, |Archiv f. Derm,
u. Syph., iSSo. p. ijt*).
Case, cnancrc of tonsil,
Pitlu, F. Ton. Vienna.
Wiener med. Presse, 1867, No. 14 (Cited by j.\i.-f£, q. v.).
Epidemic from circumcision ; thirty boys infected by one operator. (See
Epidemics).
340 SyP///L/S INSQNTIUM
Pitton.
Juurn. (los coanais. med, chir., Dec, 1S44 {Amcr. Joum, of Syph. and
Uerm., Vol. I., p. 194).
Two cases of supposed vacdno-9ypbilis.
PlMCk, J. J.
" Doctrina de morbis venereia," Viennffi, 1775, Vol. I., p. 154 (Rol'SSEL,
"Dc la syph. tertiare,'iB8i, p. ao4)-
Case, 13-year^ld girl, infected by nurse.
Plinatus, i. St. Petersburg.
Meiluinsfcij Wjustnik, 1373, No. 19 (Monatsh. f. prakt. Derm., 18S8 p. 310).
Thirteen cases chancre of breast, from nurslings, in foundling asylum,
from 1870 to 1S73.
Plouquet, W. C, Tiibingen. Univ. Prof, of Medicine.
'■ LiiL-iatura Medica Digesta." 18119. ^'"'- "'■■ '^-^■
Cites numerous references in literature, to sypbilis insontium : under
headings, obstetnx, nutrix infecta, prupagata, per salivara iufectam,
uscula. pocula, vulnera, scariticationem, etc.
Plumert, A. Prague. Univ. Clin, for Skin dis. and Syph. (Prof. Pick).
Allsem. Wiener med. Zeitnng, 1879, Nos. 49, 50. jr.
1) Four cases, chancre of breast, from lactation. (Obs. I -IV.),
2) Case, chancre, upper lip. in woman : her sister syphilitic ; infected bjr
eating or drinking- ware. (Obs. V,).
3) Case, chancre, upper lip, in man, abnormal exposure. (Obs. VI.),
4) Case, chancre, lower lip. sourci; unknown. (Oba. VII.).
5) Case, chancre, right angle of mouth, in woman of 40 years, from pap-
bag of an infant; this infant infected about same time, chancre of
chin, siiufce unknown. (Obs. VIII., IX.).
6) Case, chancre of thumb, iu midwife, professional exposure, (Obs.
X.).
7) Case, chancre, male breast, from scratch by older brother. (Obs, XI.).
(All the above during year 1873-79).
Allgem. Wiener med. Zeitung, i89o. No. 4.
B) Case, chancre of breast, from nursing strange infant.
Poggio. R. H.
(laiL-ta med. (?) (Lancet, London. April, 1850).
L\lsl', chancre of nipple, nurse from nursling.
Poilroux, J.
Jiniru. de mM. et de chir. prat., Paris, 1841, XII,, Art 1337.
Tatooing inoculation; operator the medium only; victim inoculated
fri.m another tattooed subject, through needle.
Poincy, F. A. R. de.
•' Glude prat, sur la syph,. infant, hired, el acquise." These de Paris,
1S77.*
Poisson. Paris. HOp. du Midi. (Service of Ricord).
([■■ocBNii'K " fttude aur la chancre ceph.," iBsS).
i) Four cases, chancre of lip.
=) Ca-;c. chancre of foot.
Polaillon. Paris. Hu]i. dc la Pitie.
La France meU., :SS:, I., p. 445.
Ca>.e, chancru sole of fool. Rii 1 aRcd tj years, in site of a wound mode
by a peg in a secon J-hand shuc
Polalt, J. E. Vienna. Fonndlins; .Asvhim.
Wiener Rundschau, Nov., 10711. (Archiv f. Derm. u. Syph,, 1371, p. 446).
Ca.se, nurse infected by nursling.
PoIiataiefT, P. SL Petersburg.
Vratsch,. 1S89, No. 40. (Archiv £. Derm. u. Syph., iSyi, p. 327).
■ ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 347
Epidemic of sypbilis from capping ; eleven victims, chancre on the back
from wet-cupping by a peasant woman. (See Epidemics).
Polin, H.
" Contrib. k I'^ude dn rfilc de la ayph. dans la vaccinat.," Gai. hebdom,
de med. et de chir., Paris. 1882, XIX.. p. 308).
Of 471 vaccinated, 61 with success; amon^ the latter 4S children wera
infected, preaenLing marks of syphilis, either iu tbemselves or in their
parents frnm their infection.
PollatMk, S. Buda-Pesth. Clinic cif Dr. S. Run.*.
Orvosi Metilap, 1990, No. 15 (Monatsh. f. prakt. Derm., Vol. X, [890,
p. 520).
Multiple chancres after scabies.
PolliB.
Omodei's Annali universaJi di med., Apr., \%^i.*
Description of '■ Spirocolon."
PoUock.
Lancet, London. t966, 1.. p. 424.
Case, syphilis in child 8J^ years old, possibly from vaccination.
Polotebnoff, A. G. St. Petersburg.
Trans, first St, Pet. Gov. sanit. meeting, 1875, Feb. U, pp. 3-9.
i) " Foundling home " prolific source of syphilis of peasantry, who tako
infants to nurse.
3) Group uf ca-ses, chancre of nipple, infected in " foundling home."
3) Great numbers of peasant women, infected by nursing or by taking
"sucking horn " in^l mouth (Das. Kams, Rusktckimk, Stromberg,
RosoKF, Thatkuvskv).
4) Eight cases, chancre of nipple, contracted in " foundling home;" on
return home they syphilized upwards of (10 relatives and neighbors
(Dr. SiElN of Gdov.. q. v.).
5) Case, chancre of nipple, wet-nurse, on return home infected own
infant and husband (Dk. Shickaka, q. v,}.
6) Syphilis insontlum spread by female servants (Dhs. Sotchaua, Ber-
TELs, and AlahTskei-i').
Protoc. d, russ. syph. u. derm. GescU., 1885, p. 27 (ArchU- f. Derm. u.
Syph., iSBg, p. S49).
7) Case, boy, infected probably from ilrinking-cup in school.
B) Case, chancre, right tonsil, adult female.
Poncetet. Bruxelles.
Pressemed. Beiges. 1884, No. jr. (Virch.-Hirsch Jahrb,, 1S84).
Case, chancre, new-born infant, from mother's parts.
Poncet. Lyons. Surgeon to Hotel-Dicu.
Soc. de sci. m6d. de Lyon, Annales de Derm, et dc Syph., i89i, p. 115.
t) Case, chancre of nasal septum in u young girl,
a) Case, chancre of gum, above a large molar tooth.
Pontet, A. Parts.
"De la syphilis infantde acquise." These de Paris, 1878.
1) Case of F'HJdNiKH's, H'ltel-Dieu, iS66, chancre of vnlva in a 7 weeks
infant, from an infected sponge. (Obs. 1., p. 10). ,
a) Case of Gueniut's, Hfip. des Entants-Assistcs, infection per os of a
6-year-old buy. from kissing another child (p. 14).
3) Case of Foi kmikN, chancre of tongue, in an infant, who infected
itself from its nurse, by its fingers, (Obs. H.,' p. 15).
4) Case of Aiic HA -.1 H:\LLi 's. H6p. des Enfants-Malades, 1879. nurse in-
fected at breast by nursling, owti infant acquires chancre of lip,
robs. 111., o. \b\.
eoflip, in boyof6years;
SYPHJUS INSONTIUM
Pont oppidan. Copenhagen.
Archiv f. Derm. u. Syph,, iBSa, p. 201.
L'pon the subject of "Yaws."
Poore. Limdon. Brompton Hospital.
Lancet, I,<mdon, Jan. lo, iSBo.
L'usf, chancre beneath right eye.
PopofT, K. D. Kursk, South Russia.
Proceed, ot Kiirsk Med. Council for 1884.
1} Of 338 syphUitic peasants in Kiirsk township, only $4 were infected
by coitus, 44 inherited and 240 (85 percent.) from family infection.
Trans, ad gen. meeting of med. men at Moscow, 1SB7, Vol. II., Sec vi.,
pp. io6-ii7. (See also Monatsh. f. prakt. Derm., 1887. p. 856).
1) During 1SB4-5, medical men in KQrslc registered 11,740 syphiliticB,
(;i>3B males. 6711 females; of these 2331 children under 5 years).
Mode of infection ascertained in about oue-third of cases as follows:
Males Females Total Males Females Total
Innocent contact, 1400 i3o8 3208 35.40 44. 78.50
Hereditary, 267 301) 576 6 49 7.51 14,00
Vaccination, i 1 2 0.024 0,024 0.04S
Coitus, 117 loB 315 \.^^ 3.6i 7.S9
3) Infection, from members of patients' own family, 1139: from neigh-
bors. 103; from suL-kling infants, 50; in military service, si; from
domestic servants, ig; from dry-nurses, 15; from using a stranger's
utensils, 1 1 ; from lodgers, 4 : from kissing, 3 : from a beggar womait,
I ; at sehool, i : from a cigarette, 1 ; from a publican, i ; at a public
bath, 1.
" Erster Vers, ciner Erfnrs. ii, d. Verbreit. d. Svi>h. in Kiirsk'schen Kreise
nach A. Kartensysteni f. d. J. iSSa" (Archiv f. Derm. u. Syph., 1889,
p. 24t))-
4) In government Kursk, S5 percent, extra-genital infection.
5) In government Wladimir, (ji. 3 per cent, extra-genital; of these, infec-
lii.n ])er os, 63.1;; hereditary, 7.7; and nursing, 3.4 per cent.
Poray-Koschitz, W. Charkow, Russia. Univ. Clinic for Syphilis.
tiitzuiigsb. der mc(L Gesellsch. zu Charkow, 1875, Moscow, Med. Gaz..
1,^75. No. 8. (Archiv f. Derm, und Syph., 187(1, p. (ito).
1) Thrcu cases, chancre of lip, from s)-phiiitii; fellow- workman, by pass-
ing the same thread through the li^s of each of them.
Zdoniwje, [8H1, Vol. VII, (Archiv f. Derm. u. Syph. iBSg, p. 349).
2) Domestic epidemic of sypbilis; eight victims.
Russkajn Medieyna, 1SS5, Nii. 48.
3) Case, chancre by tiHilh in"Culalion.
4) Ca-sc, chantTu trt the fauces.
Monograjih on Topiigriiphy of Syphilitic Chancre, 1890, p. 149. Also in
Wicsttiik siul. med. y liyg,, Oct. 9, 18S9. (Archiv f. Derm. u. Syph.,
iS.,o, p. 9i.,|.
SI Forty-eight cases extra-genital chancre during 1870-1390 (lip, 3; fore-
heaif, I ; tongue, 3 ; pharvni, 4 ; buccal cavity, id ; breast. 7 ; trunk, i ;
arm, 2; linger. 1).
()) Case, chancre ol loresliin. \\\ Jewish boy of 15 months, from circum-
7) Case, chancre right tonsil, in (i-v<-:a- --'•'! <i
■■T-f :ihnve.
B) Ca-sc, chancre of lower lip. man L-i ■■
■--■ ■.. ., :.;..-ntleman fn
9) CaKE, chancre lower lip, Imy r)i t ■
10) Casu, chancre lower lip. in Jcwi-!i
- 1 1 ,,!ii iriMlhcr.
11) Case, chancre lower lip in marrml .■
i,i j~, ^.iiiTCc obscure.
12) Case, chancre lower lip, in liov of 2. miutl
obsevire; infected
13) His sister of (. years through the mouch.
14) Case, chancre upper Up, in boy of 10, sour
ce unknown.
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 349
ij) Case, chancre both tonsils, boy of 3, Eroin maid- servant with labial
16) Case, chancre both tonsils in priest of 40, source obscure.
17) Case, chancre bard palate, in girl oi 7 years from mother.
18) Case, chancre forehead, in sculptor nf 15. source unknown.
19) Case, chancre of areola of breast, external to nipple, in Jewess of 23,
from nursing syphilitic infant of her cook, having too much milk
for her own infant.
3o} Case, chancre left nipple, from suckling ber own child, which was
occasionally fed from mouth to mouth by a syphilitic maid-servant.
31) Case, chancre left nipple, in lady of 29, from suckling own child,
which was vaccinated when 9 months old, and contracted chancre at
33) Case, chancre left areola, in young wet-nurse from nursling.
34) Case, chancre both areola;, in married woman of iij, wet-nurse from
nursling.
35) Case, ^anere right thumb, about nail, in physician of 30, while
reducing apara-phymosis in which there wa.s chancre within prepucial
36) Case, chancre back of hand, in medical student, from handling
syphilitic patients.
Medycyna, iSgo, Nos. 53, ;5, ;6 (Joum. of Laryng. and Rbinol., London,
Nov., la^o, p. 463, and London Med. Rec, iSgo, p. 396).
37) Case, chancre upper lip, man aged ag years.
33) Case, chancre tower lip, lad aged 16 years, who infected
2g) His brother, aged g. chancre buccal cavity.
30) Case, chancre, inner surface right cheek, man aged zS years.
31) Case, chancre of fauces, man aged 35 years.
3a) Case, chancre of fauces, boy aged 3, sou of above, from playmate.
33) Case, chancre uf fauces, little sister of above, from him.
34) Case, chancre of fauces, mother of above children.
35) Case, chancre, left tonsil, from spoon of syphilitic comrade,
PortAl, A. Paris.
"Obs. sur 1. nat. et traitem. d. 1. phthisic pulm.," :7gz.
A prince inoculated when 19 months old, by a nurse.
Porter, R.
British med. Joum., 1357. 11., p. 1377.
Case, two chancres on forearm from tattooing; infection from operator.
Porter, W. H. Dublin. Prof, of Surgery, Royal College of Surgecms of
Ireland.
Dublin Quart. Joum. of Med. Sci. 1857, XXIH., pp. 88, 357; XXIV., pp.
T5, 287-
Case, chancre of tonsil, in woman from husliand (reported by Mr. Pkatt
in Dublin Med. Press, Oct. 5, 1853).
Poapelow. A. Moscow. Univ. Prof, and Chief of Mjassnitzky Hospital.
Protoc. d. conf. d. Aerite d. Mjass. Krankenh. in Moakau, 1S7S.
I) Case, chancre of thumb, man 54 years old.
Protoc. d. phys. med. Gesells. an d. LIniv. Moskau, i38i, I.
3 Case. tTiancre of tongue, shoemaker, aged i3 years.
Protoc d. (Jesel;sch. russ. Aerzte in Moskau., Apr. 4. iBSi.
3) Case, chancie of chin, girl aged i3 years, from kiss.
Archiv f. Derm. u. Syph., 18S9, pp. 59, 317.
4) Statistics: from ittyS to 1BS7, extra-genital chancre. igSca-ses; breast,
69; lip, 49; fauces, 4(1; finger, 5 ; eyelids, 3 ; tongue, 3: gui
i;chm, 1 ; arm, I ; buttocks, 10; anus, 5; Iowbt e.-'""""'-
9)Cfl
10) Cast
SYPHILIS IXSONTIUM
j) Of the (k) breast ca.'ws. 5G were Erom hereditarily syphib tic infants and
1 3 from own nurslings previ<)Ubly infetted,
6) Case, chancre of gum, clarionet player, from coronioii use of instra-
menl (p. 7<>).
7) Case, chancre of tongue, shoemaker, from shoepegs (p. 77).
") Case, chancre of tongu':, in 34-year-old female, nui^e from narsling
■p. 7B).
.flse, chancre of fauces, female from another with chancre on lip
- "8).
:, chancre of fauces, virgo intacta, 16 years, from ner mother,
infected with a chancre of the tonsil (p. 8S).
11) Case, chancre of fauces, girl 10 years of age, from kissing (p. 8g).
13) Two cases, chancre of fauces, nurses from nurslings ipp. 89. go).
ij) Case, chancre of fauces, from common use of wooden spoon (p. 89).
14) Four cases, chancre of faubes. ^rls 14 end 1 5 years of age (p. 89).
15) Case, chancre right upper eyelid, coal dealer, aged 33 yeaiv (p. 138).
lb) Case, chancre inner angle of eyelid, rubbing with a soiled apron
(p. aao).
17) Cose, chancre upper tight eyelid, from application of tongue by a
syphilitic [p. IJ9).
iB) Case, chancre of nose, from a towel, in man of 26 years (p. 239),
19) Case, chancre of chin, female, sleeping with a syphilitic (p. J30).
20) Case, chancre of finger, musician, aged 45 years (p, 230).
21) Tvro cases, chancre of linger, midwives <p. 231).
Pouelt, C. Munich. Univ. Docent in Sj-phil.
Two cases, chancre of lip. (See Waliek).
Post, Abner. Ro.ston.
Boston Mcil. and Surg. Journ,. Feb. 4, 1893, p. iiS.
Saw si.*; cases of non-venereal contagion in two weeks.
Pottcher, J. F. Kiinigsberg.
"Bemerk. uber med. Verf. Hosp. und Kurarten," Konigsberg, iBooi.
(Dieterich, '■ Die Krankheitsfamilie Svphihs," Muncben, 1843, Bd., I.,
S. :,■,..-,....). ^with or with
LKN, HCUNEK, epidemic
Rivalta. THOt-ssitjtu,
.?,v.\), epidemic in Lo%
5 d. Gebiete d, Med. Chir. u. Pharm,, Kiel, 1833.
p. 4;t.
Epidemic from a wayfarer, in 1S32, who put up at six places, tn rmtt,
sleeping and eating in company; a number were infected. (See
Epidemics).
Prettyraan, J. S. Jr.
Mtd. Ktcord, New York, 1SS6, XX.X., p. 516.
Case of supposed vuccino-syphilis.
Prewitt, T. F. St. Louis, U. S. A.
St. Louis Courier of Med., iSSi, VI., p. 30S.
Ca.sc, chancre of the nose in a pregnant woman.
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPUY 351
Price, D. Margate, England.
Lancet, London. Aug. iS4b, p. 197.
Two cases, chancre of nipple, nurse from nursling; one of Ihem infects
her own nursing child and her husband.
Price, J. H.
New York Med. Monthly, iS9&-a7. 1.. pp. 97-101.
1) Infet:tion of father, 'mother and three little children, source unknown.
2) Statement: has seen several cases, chancre of lip, among smokers.
3) Case, chancre of lip, young woman, from kissing. (Gross).
4) Fifteen women, 9 children, 10 men, infected through a midwife
(Gkoss).
5) Two cases, chancre of finger, cook and chambermaid. (M ah ion-Sims).
ti) Four children infected by their mother, towels and wash bowls (?i
Profeta, G. Palermo. Univ. Prof, of Skin Diseases.
" Sulla si filide par allattamento," Firenze, 13613 (work not accessible).
" Trattato praticu delle malaUie veneree," Palermo, 1S88.
i) Ca.se, mfeclion by tooth -inoculation {p. 413).
z) Case, live chancresi of cheek, from a bite (p. 413).
3) Infection of fourteen persons in one family from common utensils
{p- 4'7).
4) Cases of
(P- 4'*)
1) daM.-. c
of Fai-lowcs, and Makc, q. v. (p. 417).
5) Mtntitin of cases, from common use of tobacco-pipes (p. 41B).
6) Mention of syphilis transmitted to children by means of bread, etc.
7) Case, chancre Det ween fingers, youth with scabies, through itch-mites
'- \i\
. chancre of nipple in a male (p. 424).
■. chancre of scalp from a comb (|i. 425).
10) Case, chancre, dorsum of foot, through shoe (p. 415),
Proksch, J. K. Vienna.
"Die Litteratur uber die venerischen Krankhcitcn." 3 volumes, Bonn,
iSSq, 1S90, iKgt.
A complete bibliography 'if syphilis to the end r)f i^Sg.
Protopopoff, P. S.
Vratsch.. i63o, I., p. 135 (Archiv f. Derm. u. Syph., 1880, p. B50).
Case, chancre upper lip. in 24-year-old man, excised by Pkotupopuff
for microscopial study.
Protzek, E. V.
"Ueber extragen. primSraffecte,'' etc. Dissert.. Breslau, 1B91 {Archiv f.
Derm. u. Syph,, iSg:, p. 73s).
Extra-genilal chancres, Breslau Derm. Clinic, 1879-90: largest number
on lip, finger, 5 (a in midwives); cheek, 3; eyelid, 3; tongue, i ; tonsil,
I ; ear, i ; several on the breast,
Pliche, P. Paris. IIup. du Midi. Surgeon.
(Cited by Fourmek, " Legons sur la chancre.";S58, p. 240).
1) Cases, chancres, upper lip, 13; lower lip, 5; tongiie, 5; tongue and
upper hp, I: lower lip and index finger, i; labial, i; iioso-labial
furrow, 1 ; face, 1.
3.) Case, chancre, Irom prison cot vacated by pnjstitute (sec Alton).
L'Union med., Paris, 1853, No. ii>. '
3) Case, chancre, left shoulder.
Pl^ol. Paris.
"De I'lijfluence des malad. du nez, et de la gorge, aur la production dea
mal. de I'oreille," Pans, i93r-
Two cases, Eustachian infection in a youth, aud old lady, aged 63 (p. 131),
PnrfoD, H. S. Belfast. Physician to Skin Hospital.
Med. Press and Circular, Jan. 29, 1873.
'" ' ~o-syphibs (see Sco'i r).
35" SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
Pntegnat. Lun^ville.
"Hist, et th^rap. do la syph. des Nouv.-nes," Paris, 1854.
1) Case, nurse infected by nursling.
2) Case, nursling infected by own mother <p. iz6).
3) Two nurses infected by same nursling (p, 130),
Quain, R. London, Univ. College Hospital,
Med. Times and Gai., 1859— Mason, q. v. (also BriL Med, Joum., i860, L,
P- 145)-
Three cases, chancre of lip, mistaken for epithelioma.
Quarenghi. Torre de Busi.
(Cited by Vienmjis from Adelasio "Syph. vaccin. com. a I'Acad.," Paria,
186s, p. 303).
Epidemic from vaccination, near Bergamo (see Adei^sio).
Qniaquaad, Cb. E.
Model ia Musefe de I'Hfip. St, Louis (Annales de Derm, et de Syph., VoL
in., Aug., 189a. p. 944).
i) Case, chancre of^ breast.
Model in Musee de I'H&p. St. Louis (Annales de Derm, et de Syph.. VoL
in„ Aug.. 1S92, p. 945).
z) Case, double chancre of the tongue.
QuinquBud, Ch. E. and Nicolle.
Anuiilus ill: IJurm. ct de Syph., Vol. 111., 1891, pp. iizS-ii43.
I) Fourticii cases, chancre of lip (1 1 lower, 3 upper): cause given in only
one case, that of a man of 15 years, chancre lower lip ffom smoking
brother's pipe.
2} Case, chancre left breast in female of 18, no cause given.
3) Case, chancre right tonsil in female of 31, no cause given.
4) Ca.se. chancre over Scarpa's triangle in female of zi, cause unknown.
5) Case, chancre right nasti-labial furrow and right temple in man o£
22, cause unknown,
6) Case, chancre tip of tongue in female of zo, no cause stated,
71 Case, chancre of chin in man of 26, cause unknown.
8) Case, chancre right forearm in woman of 36. cause unknown.
Quitzmann.
■' lleiitsthe Briefe ijber den i )rient." L.incerkaux, ■■ Traite," etc., p. 43.
Notice of -'Spirocolon."
Rabinovitch, M. F.
Provincial Med. Journ., April, 1S92, p. 211.
Caw, chancre, upper lip.
R&bitsch, I. Cairn.
Gaw!. rt. ospit., Milano, 18S3, p. stS (Berlin, klin. Wochenschr., 1887, No.
1;. p. 306). ^
Lase, chancre, k-ft l.insil, in man .aged 4a years.
Rabi, j. Vienna.
Seinaiiie mijd., I'^Bg, p. 23.
Case, nursc infeutcil by nursling.
Rafinesque, G.
" Ciinlributiun a Ti'tudi: du la syphilis infantile,'' Archiv. de toxicologie,
Twciity-suvcii L.lscs of syphilis in infants, .iftcr birth ; mother, father, or
Randall, B. A. riiiladelphla.
(i'tr-ipMai LcpMimunication to r>E Beck, and by him to author).
Al^ALYTlCAL BJBUOGRAPHY 353
Case, nurse-mother, cbancre of nipple, from own nursling {exception to
CuLLEs' law).
Rasori, E. Rome, Clin, for Derm, and Syph. (Prof. Manasbei).
Gaz. d. Osp. d. Milano, iSSj, IV., p. 653.
1) Case, chancre <if external ear.
Deutsche medicin. Zeit'g, iUBs, I-, p. 137 (Archiv f. Derm. u. Sj-ph.. iSBS,
p. I71.
I) Case, chancre of nostril.
(See also Ravogli and Rasori).
Rassler, A. Kiel.
Beitra^ zur Aetiologie des Morbus Gallicus, Inaug, Dissert., Kiel, tSgt
(Archiv f. Derm. u. Syph., ibija, p. 155).
1) Statistics of la years: among (130 cases of sj-philis, there were 34
cases (5.3 per cent.), of extra-genital chancre,
2) Chancre of lip, 33: breast. 3; tongue, 3; genitals (without coitus) 3.
Raulin, j. Paris, Physician to the King.
'■ Ooserv. de med " Paris, 1754 (p. ago) (Rollet, " Traits des mal.
vin.," 1B66, p, 45;,
Epidemic of syphilis at N£rac, 1751, known as Pian de N^rac, beginning
from lactation ; more than forty nurses and nurslings affected, and
later members of their families. (See Epidemics).
Ravel.
(Cited by Boi-CKiTT, " TrnitO dea mal. d. nouv.-nes," 5th Edit., 1867, p.
1057).
Case, nurse infected by nursling; 5,000 fr, for damages.
Ravoeli, A. Cincinnati. U. 5, A.
Phila. med. News, Vol. LXI., iSgs, p. So.
1) Case, cbancre beneath nail of right 3d finger, ca-u.se unknown.
2) Case, chancre of right thumb in a. man, cause not stated.
Ravogli, A. and Rasori, E. Rome. Univ. Clin, for Derm, and Syph. (Prof.
Mana^sec).
Giom. ital. d. mal. ven..ctc., i83o, p. 384-
1) Two cases, chancre of lip.
3) Case, chancre of breast, nurse from nursling.
3) Two cases, infection of glass-blowers.
Rayi, Alph.
■Scbunlter an mehreren Stellen des Korpers," etc. Presse mtd. Beiges
Bruxellea, 185^, No. 28. •
Rayer. Paris. Court-Physician.
Gaz. mfid., 1850. (Reported by BnircHUT, q. v.).
Two cases, nurses from nurslings.
2) Case, young virgin, syphilitic from room-mate. (See Lancereaux).
Raynaud, M.
(Personal communication to Lancerf.acx, q. v.O-
Case. Eustachian -sound inoculation, i8b3.
RazumoD', V. J. Moscow.
Trans, id gen. meeting uf Russ. med. men at Moscow, 1857, Vol. II.,
Sec. VI., pp. So, 6s.
:) Statistics: among 895 wet-nurses e.vamined, 179(30 per cent) were
syphilitic; among them
:) Case, c' -■ -
se. chancre of tor
3) Three cases, chancre of breast, nurses from nurslings.
Verhand. derdeutsch. derm, Gesell., Sept. 17-19, 1891 [Monatsh. f. prakt.
Derm., Vol, XV.. 1893, p. 135).
Case, chancre lower lip.
SYPHILIS IN SO NT! UM
" These de Paris, 1SS7. (Annales
.,. ."ol. X.. p. 16S).
I 66 years old (service of TiiXAUx)
(p. III.
2) Case, chancre lower lip, in womanGi years old (service of Maktineau)
(P- SO-
Reicbe.
(Cited by Oestehi.en, q, v., "Ven. Contagjen," 1336, p. 100).
Domestic infection ; family of man, wife, nursling and two-year-old
child, with recent syphilis; wife had sores on nipples.
Reichebach. Giittingen.
Mitiheil. aus d, sj-pb. AbCheil. d. Emst-Aug. Hosp. z. Gbttiagen, 1SS9,
p. 14.
i) Nine cases, chancre of lip.
z) Case, chancre of breast, from lactation.
Seid.
(See Ploiql'et " Liter. Med. Digest," {Sogi),
Diseases of the army and Nav>'.
R6iurd, L. Nevers, France.
L'Union Med.. i8(,s. XVI., p. 57a.
Case, chancre of tonsil in newly married woman ; husband mucous
patches in mouth.
Renault, Alex.
Annalcs de Derm, et de Syph,, Vol. III., 1892. p. tay;.
Case, chancre right side neck, in girl of 16, from a kiss.
Reshetuikoff, I, P. St. Petersburg.
Vratsch., No. 5, i8i>2. p. iiS (St. Louis Med. and Surg. Journ., June, iSyi),
Case, chancre back of neck in man from wet-cupping by a Finnish
wuman with •' whitish crust on her lips.'*
Reumont, A. Aachen.
■■Syphilis nnd Tabe-s," i9Si, p. 63, Obs. XI.
Case, chancre of lip from husband.
Reynier. Pari^. Hup. St. Louis.
(Reported by Sahikin, q. v.).
Ca-w, probable chancre (Foubmek) right tonsil.
Reynolds, H. I. ChicaK".
Philadelphia, Me.l. Times, 1SS8, XVIII., p. 321.
Case, chancre left tonsil, in man of 45 years from unnatural practices.
Rhodius, J. I'aUiiu.
'■Obaerv. med. cent. Ires.," Patavia, 1057 (Girtankeb, p. 234).
Infectiira by lactation (PLoiijiitT).
Richerand. Paris.
(Cite.l bv CiinL, "Traiteprat. ties raal. ven.," Paris, 1B66, p. 15).
Case, inicction per os from a pen held in the mouth.
Rjchet. Paris.
(Cited by Rn nHii. q. v.. L'Union Meti.. Paris, 1S51, p. jot).
(.'ase, an inlant infected by supporting it in the hand.
Richon. Hu|., Militaire de Bclf.jrt,
Gaz. des Flop., iSSi. No- 7S. p. (120.
Case, chancre lower eyelid from kissing, in man of 22 years.
Ricord, P. Paris.
Traitt pratique des maladies veneriennes," Paris, 133S.
1) Statistics; among 58S chancres, 24 extra-genital; lips. 7; fauces, 3;
various locations, 14 (pp. 525. 526).
2) Case, chancre of fauces, from drin king-glass (p. sou).
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 355
(Cittd by AcTDN, q. v., "A complete treatise on ven, dis.," London, 1841,
p. 337).
3) Case, chancre after venesection,
Annal. d'oculisiique, Vol. XXIV., 1850. p, 233.
4) Cftse, chancre lower eyelid, lawyer, from rubbing eye with his soiled
finger.
"Clinique iconographique," Paris, 1863. Amer. Edit., Philadelphia,
1852.
5) Case, chancre of right thumb (plate 15, fig. 3).
" Lettres sur la syphilis,'' Paris, 1863 (also in L'Union MM., 1850, No. 10,
p. 145; '85'. «"■ "1. P- 131)-
6) Case, chancre of finger in physician (p. tis).
7) Case, chancre of lelt cheek in medical student (p. 88).
8) Case, chancre uiKin the sinciput (p. 89).
9) Case, chancre of eyelid (i). SB).
10) Three cases, chancre of lip (pp. 89, 183, 199).
11) Two cases, chancre o£ nipple, one in a man from contact with lips of
woman ; second from husband, breast-drawing.
13) Case, infection, child from contact witli diseased parts (p. soi)
(RCCHEII.
"De la syphilisation et de la contag. des accid. second, de la syph.,"
communication a I'Acad, nationale de m^.. Paris, 1S5].
13) Two ca-ses, chancre upper eyelid (p. 335).
14) Case, mfection of a child, source unknown (p. 337).
Bull, de I'Acad, de inM-. 1353.
is) Case, chancre of eyelid (Glhi-er) (p. 384).
16] Case, chancre of back (p. 303).
"Du chancre de la bouche et son diagnostic diff.," Gaz. des HGp., Paris,
185B. XXXI.
17) Nine ca.ses, chancre of lip (pp. 503, 504).
18) Cose, chancre of lip, female from pen used by syphilitic son (p. 503),
"Lemons sur la transm. de la syph. par la vaccin.," Gaz. des H3p., Pans,
iSbs.
19) Case, chancre left arm, female (Tkui'sseau), No. 7, p. aj,
30) Case, chancre lower eyelid. No. is. p. 4(1.
31) Case, chancre of forearm from vaccmation. No. 11, p. 41.
sa) Case, chancre of Hp from kissing, No. 11. p. 42.
23) Infection of nine children after circumcision, No, 1 1, p, 47.
Ricordi, A. Milan. Osped, Magg. and Instit. di S. Corona,
'■Sitilulf aa.illattaraento," Milano, 1S65.
I) liiftctHJii of 4 or 5 nurses, from breast-drawing, they infecting own
nurr,liiii;s(p. 33).
a) Ca.sf, chancre of nipple, from applying dressing from a sj-philitic
woman (p. 34).
3) Case, infection frtim vaccmation (p. 37).
4) Epidemic at Casorezzo; 23 infected, starting from a hereditarily syph-
ilitic child ; nurslings, 10; nurses, 8 ; spoon-feed llig, 3 (p- 49).
5) Epidemic at L'liold"; iS infected; nurses, y; nurslings, 9 (p. £15).
6) Epidemic at Muruallo, 10 infected (p. 78),
7) Epidemic at Rovcllo. 14 infected (p. 79).
B) Case, chancre of nipple, nurse from nursling, infecting
q) Infant, chancre of muuth. infecting
10) Nurse-niother. chancre of nipple, from nursling (p. 36).
11) Case, infection, source unknown, infectmg
13) Mother, chancre of nipple, from nursing (p. 87).
13) Case, chancre of hp, nursling from above nurse (p. 87).
14) Case, chancre of nipple, nurse from above nursling (p. 87),
15) Case, chancre of nipple, nurse from nursling (p. B8).
16) Case, chancre of tongue, nursling from nurse (p. 88).
35* SYI'ISJLIS INSONTIUM
Ridley, H. London.
"Observ. med. pracl.," i
lactatiouem, vice ver
Infcctiun by lactation.
Riedlin, V. Ulm.
" Linearum med. per singul. mens, contin. ducL,'' 1695-1702 (Girtanker,
p. Z97).
■'Lues venerea a pariente infecta in obstetricem Iranalata" (HI., Feb.,
Obs, 12),
Righter, W. H, Topelta. Kansas. Prof. Gen, Urin, dis. and Derm., Kan.
Med. Coll.
Kansas Medical Journal, 1B90, Vol, 11., p. 64B.
Case, chancre, external ear, from application of court-plaster to a bom.
Risler.
" Die Tnrkei unrt deren Bewobner," Wien, 1851.
Syphilis, " Alepp" Evil," etc.
Rinecker, F. von, Wuriburg.
Verhandl. ci. phys.-med. Gesellsch, in WiJrKburg, 185a, I., p. 117; III., 375.
1) Case, dry-nurse, aged 20, infected by infant.
Wiener med. Presse, 1877, No. 42, p. 1359 (also Archiv f. Derm. 11. Syph.,
1878. p. 265).
2) Case, vaccino-sj^philis, chancre, left npper arm, in a child bom with
hereditary syphilis.
Ring, H, W. New Haven, Conn.
New York Med. Record, Vol. XLII., i8ga. p. 535.
Case, chancre, right upper eyelid, in 17-year-old girl, cause not stated.
Ritter, Paul. (Dentist).
Deutsch. Monataschr. f. Zahnheilk., X., Jahrg., Feb, (Monatsh. t. prakt.
Derm., Vol. XV.. i8di. p. 316).
Sj-philitic affections of the miiuth and the transmission of syphilis by
operations upon the mouth and upon the teeth.
Riverius, L. Montpellier.
■'Observ. med. et curat, inaignes," Paris, 1646 (Cent. I., 91 ;1L 95; IV., 91),
(Pl-Ol:^>(lKT).
Nurse infected by nursling, etc. -. three observations.
Riiat, A. Paris.
" Manuel pratique de,"! maladies veneriennes," Paris, i38i.
1) Case, chancre of lip, infeeliim through cigar-guillotine, used just pre-
viously to cut cigar, moistened in another's mouth (p. 6S).
a) Three cases, chancre of lip (lower a, upper 1) (pp. <*, 68.69).
3) Ca.se, chancre of chin (p. 73).
4) Case, chancre of nucha, fnim carrying woman on shoulders (p. 77).
5) Three casus, chancre of fingers (p. 78).
6) Case, chancre of abdonieii. from contact (service of Mausiac) (p. 81).
7) Case, infection, nurse from nursling (p. 248).
Annales de Derm, et de Syph.. 1885, p. 115.
Si Case, chancre of both tonsils,
Rizii. M.
Gail. med. di Milano. April, 1S46, No. 14.
Case of lactation syphilis.
Robbias, H. A. ■Washington, U. S. A,
Mc'iicaJ News. I'hila.. March s, iS^a, pp. 363, 164.
11 Case, chancre of hand, in girl of 7 years, from sucking wound by
uncle \vith mucous palebes.
I) Case of circumcision syphilii ; mucous patches in mouth of rabbL
3) Several cases, infection from razors in shaving.
4) Case, infection from bite of a man.
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 357
Robert.
Anna.es de Derm, et de Syph.. 187^ p. 417.
Tattooing inoculation; three soldiers from same operator.
Robert, A, Paris. H6p. Beanjon.
Two women, grand-mother, aged 70, and aunt of an infant, infected by
the latter. (See Castelnai )-
Robert, Me Ichoir. Marseilles. (Ex-Interae HOp. du Midi, Paris).
Traite des malad. vinir., Paris, 1853, p. tya.
t) Statistics: anions 201 thanciea in serviceof Ricord, as eitra-genital;
Up, 7: chin, Cj; tongue, 1: gtini, i; eyelid, i; cheek, 1; forehead, i;
finger, 1; anus, 4; region of trochanters, 3.
Nouveau Traitfi des mal. v^n.. Pari?*, 1861, p. 321.
3) Case, chancre external angle of eye.
L'Union med., Paris, 1662, No. 47. p. 150.
3) Review of vaccino-syphilis : statistics of »i<) collected cases.
Robert, P. Montrtjeau.
Archiv. de Tocologie, 1S74, I., p. 75(1.
Cose, syphilis acquired through vaccination, chancres at points of
Cases of supposed i;haacrc at site of vaccination, but patients previously
Robinaon, F.
British Med. Journ., i832, 11., p. 631,
Case of infection from tattooing.
. , London. St. John's Hospital.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Syphilis," London, 1S86, d. ag.
i) Case, chancre penis, from use of a foul scalpel in phymu sis operation
fr;year^ld boy. '
3) Case, chancre lower lip, cashier of a shop, through coin held in
mouth,
asbourir.
led. L'hir., Feb. [(>, 1S51 (Ann. d. mal. d. la peau,
1850-51. p- IW).
1) Three cases, chancre of nipple, nurses from nurslings (pp. g;-i)6).
1) Case, chancre nipple, nurse from nursling, infeetinR her three
daughters, 15 months, 4 years and 15 j-eurs ol age |p. ifo).
3) Case, chancre nipple, nur.se from nursling, infeuliug her child of iS
months, and her si.stcr, of a 5^ years (p. 96).
4) Case, infection, nurse from nursling.
RdHdick, T. G. Montreal, Prof. Clin. Surgery. McGill University.
Canada med. and Surg. Journ., i8Sn, Vlil.
1) Case, chancre lower lip, A. B., 27 years, from smoking pipe of
syphililii: (p. 4^6).
2) Case. ihanLTU U-fl i.ipptc, w..man -f i; years (p. 48;!.
3) Case, chutiL-rf "\ tii*i.k, IPiin a hilc (p. 4SS).
4) Case, chiincrt iip]>iT lip. lr"iii kisNiin;. lumale of 30 (p. 48(1).
5) Case, chancre xv^\\\. loii>il, irum C'lmmon use of spoon, woman of 42
(P 49"l-
Hontreol med. Journ., iSflS, .W H.. No, 2, p. 93.
6) Case, chancre of gum, in marrietl laily of 30, by forceps in extraction
of a tooth.
7) Case, chancre forehead, from scratch, during altercation with a man
having syphilis.
B) Case, chancre lower Up. glass-blower, fellow-workman syphilitic.
9) Case, chancre palmar surface of ivrist, washerwoman's daughter.
3S8 SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
to) Case, chancre dorsum of penis, midway between glans and root in a.
young boy, probably from watercloset.
Rodet, Lyons. Surgeon-in-Chief. Hosp. de TAntiquaiUe.
Gaz, med, d. Lyon, May 5, i36a.
1) Case, re-infection, chancre of lip (reported also by Didav).
Gaz. mfid. d. Lynn, Jan. 16, 1865, p. 35.
2) Case, infectioa from vaccination.
3) Case, infection, nurse from same nursling, vaccinifer.
Roger, H. Paris. H6p. des Enfants.
" De la syphilis chez des enfants,'' L'Uaion med., Paris, 1863 (and Gaz,
des H6|i.. 1S63, Nos. ii8. 119).
i) Case, infection of a child by its mother (p. 5, No. 118).
3) Case, chancre upper lip in child of 2 years, from kissing its syphilitic
mother who had a cbancre of the lower lip (p. 7, No. 118).
3) Case, infection of a child of u months, from contact, dry-nurse (p.
33, No. 119).
" Etude clin. d. 1. ayph. infant.," Pflris, 1864.
4) Case, infection, nurse from nursling, producing
5) Case, infection, nursling from nurse (p. 9:).
With Dkpai'L, q. v.. Bull, de I'Acad, de mfid. de Paris, XXXI., p. SS8.
6) Epklcmic. of vacciuo-syp bills at Mortiihan; 44 infected. (See Epi-
demita).
Rngnetta. Paris. Hotel-Dieu. (Service iif DvrLiVTREN).
Revue racd.. 1S33 (1832 ?). II., p. 383 (Cited by Yvaren, •■Metamorph. de
lasyph.," Paris, 1*54. p. 13S).
Case, chancre of breast and eyelid, from nursling. (See DuPtJVTREN),
Roht, G. H. Baltimore. Unite'! States.
Archives (if Dermatology, New York, 187S, p. 217.
1) Case, chancre of nose, man 22, from bite. (Bee Briston).
ChicMO Med. Jduni. and Exam,, July, 1B78.
2) Case, chancre, tip of tongue, from lead pencil.
RoUet, J. Lyons. Hosp. de I'Antiquaillc.
■■ Rt-cherchus cliniques et experini. sur la syphilis,'' Paris, 1861 (also,
Archiv. g6n. dc mid., Fans, 1859, 5th Ser., XIIL,pp. 119-417, and
Gaz, iiebdoni, 1S61, p. 589.
1) Ten cases, chancre of nipple, nurses from nurslings (pp. 151-25B, a6t)-
a) Case, chancro of nipple, from suction by a syphilitic woman, in-
fecting
3) Ca.se, chancre of lip, nursling from above nurse-mother (p. 170).
4) Case, chancre upper lip. from a bite (p. 573).
5) Two cases, chancre of lip, gla.ss.blowers ; one of tbem had two
chancres on upper lip and one on the lower (p. 376),
6) Four casic.s, chancre of liji, from kissing (pp. 179, 280. 284, 285).
7) Case, chancre lip, from using u spoon of a female cook (p. 3S1).
B) Four cases, chancre (.f limsil. lu one family (grand-mother, two
9) Twii 1 .1 I -, ■ li L . ;i I I', lii .nil'' ;aniiK ichjld 15 mouths, and brother
10) C;i><:>, L i,.,i.L I L- ui li|, -^»y\ luiiguc, UuJii biles (p. (xA).
11) Case, chancre both tonsils, nurse from nursling, using
(p. (.17).
12) Mention of fifteen laies, infection of glass-blowers, from 1858-186^;
also of a large number seen after that date (p. 619).
13) Two cases, chancre of eyelid (p. '">3),
14) Four cases, chaucre of nose (p. 693).
ANALYTICAL BlBl.lOGRAFHY 359
15) Two cases, chancre of chin, medical men, from scratching with in-
fected fingers (p. 693).
16) Case, chancre rijtlit cheek, house-keeper (p. 693).
17) "Sibbensd'Ecosse." Diet, encvcl. d. Sc. mid., Paris, 1881, 3, s., IX.,
RttmAnoff. Viatka.
Sbornik. Meditz. Departamenta, 1876, Vol. I.. Part II,
1) Case, infantof 3 months, infected by a nurse of 12 years, by kissing.
2) Same infant infects its two sisters, 3 and 14 years old, a brother of
8, and their m other,
Roaa, S. Buda-Pesth.
Orvosi Hetilap,, No, i«, iSSg. (Monatsh, f. prakt. Derm,. i8Sg. p, iqi),
1) Case, chancre of right ton.sil, iive-vear-nlii child.
"Extra-genital Syphilisinfection mit RUcksicht auf die heimischen (un-
ganschen) N'erhaitnisse." Gyogaszat. 1890, No. 50, a. c. t. (Monatsh.
f, prakL Derm,, Vol- Xil., irigi, p 45g).
3) Statistics: forty-six cases extra-genital chancre; lip, 26; tonsil, S;
finger, 3; forehead, i; eyelid, i; conjunctiva, 1; face, i; abdomen,
a; right groin, 1 ; anus, 1 ; multiple chancre, i.
3) Case, chancre of forehead, in site of moist eczema; patient in hospital
and had as^sted nurse dress a syphilitic.
4) Case, chancre right lower eyelid, probably from a towel,
5) Case, chancre left ocular conjunctiva, boy agctl 4 years.
6} Case, multiple t'hancres (four) from cupping-glosses in public bath-
Soc. royale des mid. du Budapest, Seance, Oct. 31, iSgi. Weiner med,
Presse, 1S91, pp. 1716, 1753. (Annales de Derm, et de Syi>h,, Vol.
III.. Mar, :S92. p, 315).
7) Case, chancre beneath crest of ilium, in a man of 35 years.
Roaen Toa Roacnstcin, N. Stockholm,
'■UnderrStelse om bjarnssjnkdom," Stockholm, 1764. (German Edit.,
"Anweis. zur Kenntn. u. Kurd. Kinderk.,'' Gfittingen, fitliEdit., i7c)S;
with notes l>y Louek and Ri rHHoi.z).
x) Family epidemic in Stockholm, introduced by a nurse, eight persons
infected (p, 72SI,
a) Case, a-year-'jlil child, infected by servant's chewing her food (p. 737),
3) Cases, two children, sisters, infected by uurse (p, 73S).
(AJso under proper heads, ca-;es of the editors, Louer and Bi/fHHoLZ, and
two cases cited by BiEUuijEN).
Rosentbd, O,
Verhand. der Berliner dermatol, Verein, Sitz,, Jan, 5, 1S91. (Archiv f.
Derm. u. Syph,, Vol, XXIV.. iSgz, p. 513).
:) Case, chancre of hand in a physician; one of three which he has
observed (cases of I.ewin},
Berliner mad. Gesell,, Sitz, Feb. 3, iS.ja (Moimtsh, f, prakt. Uerm., Vol,
XIV., iSgz, p. 33a).
a) Case of vacci no- syphilis in a. girl of 1 z years.
Roster, G. Florence. Hosp. S. Maria Nuova (Clinic of Prof. Pici.u?,/:aki),
Giorn, ital, d. mal. ven,, etc. i^(j8, II., pp. 65, 136.
i) Statistics; of 156 chancre* during 1M67, ijoxtra-gciiital; lip. 3; eyelid
I : tonsil, I ; fauces, i ; female breast, i\.
a) Twenty-six cases, nurse from nursling (pp. 160, i[>3l,
3) Two cases, nursling from nurse (p, 1 50},
Ronwcl, A. Paris,
" De ia syphilis tertiairc dans la seconde cnfanee et chei les adultes,"
Paris, iSSi.
i) Statistics: infantile acquired svjihilis, Lyons civil hospitals; 1876,
7cases; :377, 10; 1873. 7; total ^ 24.
3 SYPillLlS JXSONTIUM
2) Farnilv epidemic, nurse infectefl by niiTsling, infects another nursling,
the infant infects mother, and slie her husband (p, 59).
3a) Case, chancre of right tonsil, in L'hild of 7 years, from using a spoon
after mother (p. 70).
a*) Case of Trousseau {p. 71).
3) Case, chancre lip, child 2 years of age, source unknown, infects
4) Two otlier children {chancre of throat) and grand-mother, who
infects her husband (service of DhonJ (p. 7B),
5) Case, infection, boy 9 years, from mouth-piece of cornet, used by
some unknown person (service of AtBERT) (p. B9),
6) Case, infection, child z'^ years, source unknown (service of Dron)
a. toa).
ise. chancre penis, child 15 months, source unknown {service of
Dron) (p. 102).
Case, chancre, inner surface of cheek, child 9 years, source unknown
' ' ' * "BERi ) (p. 103I.
infected by mother in infancy, she from strange child
infancy (service of
Aine.KT) (p. 19S).
{Other cases claimed as syphilis acquise, are not here quoted, as data in
regard to infection are wanting).
Roux.
Gai. med. de Paris, 1852, p. 64 (also Mem. de I' Acad, raed., 1853, p. 331).
Cast, chancre of tonsil, woman aged 50, from kissing her son.
Ruggiere.
Epidemic of syphilis at Capistrello. (See Demakcui and Tantuhbi),
Rumpf, Th. Bonn.
" I.JiL- sypbilitischen Erkrankungen dcs Nerven system," Wiesbaden, 1887.
1) Case, chancre of lip, man 44; syphilis of brain (p. i\i^).
2) Case, chancre of hand, medical man 26 years; tabes dorsalis
(PiBRSON) (p. 387).
VoGEi,, Archiv T, klin. Med.. Bd., XX.. p. 32.
3) Case, infection at nn autopsy (11. 1S3).
CnAKi MTand (Jumhaii. Arthiv. de physiol, norm, et path., 1S73, p. 143.
4I Case, chanci'c of lip in female of 19 years (p. 316).)
Rupp, J.
"Syphil. AnsteckuuffohneBeischlaf," Zeitschr. d. Nord-deut. chir. Vereia
f. Med. etc.. Magdeburg, 1S4S, U.. 6.
l) Case, infection, nursling from dry-nurse,
a) Case, infection, nurse.mother from preceding.
3) disc, chancre fauces, husband of preceding, by breast-drawing
through pipe-bowl.
Russell, Alexander.
*■ Nal, hist, of Aleppo evil particularly of the plafue^ witli
methods used by tlie Eurr>j)[.'aiis fur their preservation, London,
iRsS.*
Russell. C. P.
Jiiiirn. Cutan. and Veil. Dis.. 1SS4, II.. p. 240.
Ca^c, chancre ul right index linger.
Rust, I. N. Berlin. CharitC- Hospital. Surgeon-in -Chief, etc.
Rust's Masaiin, BL-rlin, j-f:;.!, -Xlll . p. 542.
I) Family epidemic nf syphilis, starling from 4-year-old infant.
Janresber. Charitu Krankcnh., 1S.14. (Cited m Bulschwini; "Syph, und
Aussnl!;," p. 341.
z) Statistics; of 820 venereal cases, infected, sme coitu.
"Helkologie, etc," Berlin, 1343, p. 24(1.
ANALYTICAL BIBLfOGRAPIlY 361
aa) Buccal propagation by tobscco-pipes. (See Hufeland's Maltrobidtik,
si) Buccal propagation by kissing. (Sec Ai^bhti).
3) Epidemic of circumcision sj-phtlia in Cracow, 1805; first recorded
instance, p. 247. (See Epidemics).
4} Similar epidemic in Kiiine provinces, official investigation, p. 347
(See Epidemics).
Rotbenberg, A. Bonn,
" De sypliilis ab aliis atq^ue apartibus gcnitallbus ejceuntc; obscrvationes
quiedam," Inaug. Uisserl., Bonn, 1S30.
Eleven observations: of Wolf; Nasse (two); Klein; Kilmn (two);
Velten; Kopp: Haask; A.vonvmols (two), (All of which sec)
Ryan, C. S. Melbourne.
Attstralian Med. Joum., July, 15th, ia86, p. 305.
1) Case, chancre of rose. (See Bikd and Snowbau.).
2) Case, chancre of lip, in an old lady from preparing the feeding-bottle
of her syphilitic grand.child.
Ryan, James P, Melbourne. Surgeon Skin Uept., Melbourne Hosp.
Trans. Intercolonial Med. Congress of Australia, Second Session in Mel-
bourne, Victoria, iSSy, p. 994.
Case, chancre of forehead, in 3-ycar-nld girl, probably infected by
kisses of mother who had raucous putches in tlic mouth.
Sabinin, A. Kh. (See Ssabinin). Voroncj, Russia.
Trans, of the 4lh meeting of Zenisky Med. men of Voronej Gov, i93i,
p, 4|). et seq.
Statistics: among jogS consecutive cases of syphilis; 131 children
infected per os by their mothers; 54 children infected per os by other
persons; 15 nurses infected by nurslings; 143 infected by family life;
4 infected by contact with neighbors.
Sabolotaky, A.
Medicinskoe Oboirenaie, 1SB4, p. 46(1. (Archiv f. Uerm. u. Kyph., iSSg,
p. 351).
Cose, two chancres on right eyelid.
Sadonl, I— Strasbourg.
"De latransmiss. de In syph. du nourrisson n la nourrice," Thi-se de
Strasbourg. 1^4^.
Case, nursling infects nurse.
St Hartin. Pans. Hop. d. QuiuEe-vingt.
Bull, de lacJinique nationale Ophthal, d. Quinze-vingts, i384, II., p. 33.
Two cases, chancre of left upper eyelid.
Sallencuve. Paris.
■■ Sur la valeur semieotique des affect, gunglionnaires," These de Paris,
Case, chancre of tongue, from prostitute.
Salomon (father), Hamburg. Jewish Rabbi.
Proc. deutsch. Rabbin. Versaml., Breslau. 1846. (Cited by JafkE).
Epidemic of circumcision syphilis, from buccal lesions of paylle.
SalHtto, G. Turin.
" SiHlomi extra-genitali ed epidemie di sililide," Torino, iSga.
i) Statistics; private and public practice Irom Jan. 1st, I'i^^ to July 31.
189a, aoi cases extra-genital infection, as flillows; breast, lOS; lip,
6i;arni, la; chin, 3; finger, 3; anus, ~; groin. 2; upper eyelid, a;
cheek, a; tongue, a; thit;h, (orfheud, back and gum, each i.
a cases, vaccinal syphilis, one infected by saliva of operator (p. 4).
36* SYPHILIS mSONTIUit
3] Lactation, to; nnrses infected by onrslinge; all of these bat 31 pro-
pagated ihe disease further to i^b [lersons (p. to).
4) Amon^ ax^cidenlat cases; a) a of eyelids from kissing, p. 14-15.
£) cheek, from bite. p. tj); f) cheek iu girl from contact -with [riUow ;
p. : 5 ; d) upper gum in a barber, p. 16, etc.
San Juan, M. Madrid.
KevisCae-Sp. d. oftalm.. etc.. Madrid, tSS3, VII.. p. t45, aodBolet-dieiiied.
naval.. San Fernando, tSH3, VI., p. igS.
Case of lactation syphilis.
Sarda. Montpellicr. Health-OfBcer.
(Cited by Lehkanti, '-De Tor et de mercure . . . ." tSS4, p. 439),
Case, chancre of lip.
Sardon, G. Paris. H6p. St. Louis. (Interne, service of Revkiek).
" Gommes du couturier," Annates dc Derm, et de Syph., tSS7, >d Ser.,
VIII.. p. 406.
Case, FuuRKiER, probable chancre of right tonsil. (See Re\MEK>.
Sartorius, P. Strasbourg. Hospital ftir Venereal Diseases, Surgeon.
■■ Frantzosenarit " 1(145. (GiRTA.s.xmi, p. sis).
Ca«?s of lactation syphilis.
Battler, R. Cincinnati.
(Personal eoinniunitation to De Beck, q. v.).
Casi'. chancre of conjunctiva from kissing.
Saulsay, Micolais du. Fourgeies.
Journ. d. med. chir. pharm. etc., Mar. 175c), p. 332 (GiRTANstK, No. 1184).
Ca.se. chancre right middle finger in obstetrician ; professional exposure
SauTa^es, F. B. de. Montpellier. L'niv. Prof, of Medicine.
•' Nusiiliigia methodica, ' etc., Venet., 17(14, p. 781 (Rosen von Rosekstkiii,
■■ Kindcrk.," p. 737).
C:i-L, jiif(i.tii.[i iif medical man from resting head on pillow of patieot;
[lii.liulilv iiil'ccled through saliva.
Savy. .Claude. Lw^iis-
■' i:rii;]ii..ii.. ill- 1^1 conjunctive,'' etc.. Thes
,. 1SS2. Nus. 3 and 4, pp. 155-160, (Giorn. itaL d,
.n;i;. vi.ti,, fit-,, IBM, p. 361).
(',i--t, i.'[i,i;:Uk '•: eyelid in a physician. [See DEL-MoNra').
Scaren^io, A. P.o la. Vuiv, Prof, of Skin Diseases and Syphilis,
il C.ise. nurse infeclcd by nursling.
a) Case, infection ot an S-ycar-okl. per os. by mother.
3) Case, infection of a nursling, per os, source unknovra.
4) Case, infection of a i;-venr-old. per os, from family.
Giorn. ital. d. mal. yen., etc.. 1S80. p. lb.
5) Case, infection of mother by own nursling (exception to Colics' Law).'
(Reported by JtrLi.iES*. j\ilso Aiinales de Derm, ct de Byph., jd. Ser., V.,
1884. p. 77).
6) Innciilation of Scare^kIo, himself, source not stated.
(SeeSuFtuNiisij.
Schiraje^ P. Moskow. Mjasnitiki Hosp. (Service of Pospelow).
St. Petersburg med. Woch., tS6o, No. 39. p. 3*3. (Archiv f. Derm. u.
Syph., i83i, f. 127).
' " \ chancre led tonsil, jjirl aged 2S. from fellow-cook.
■■ g infected by wet-nurse.
' *"1t tonsil, mother from above nursling.
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
" Material f. d. Staatsarzneiwissenach. u. prakt. Heilkundc,'' Jena, iSoj. IV.
Syphilis insontium by buccal secretions, ' ' osculo pocula " (Plouql'et).
Schmalz, C. L. Leipzig.
" Sellene chirurg. u. med. VorfHlle." Leipzig, 1781., S", pp. 162-164,
i) Case, nursling infected by nurse.
3) Case, mother of above from, own nursling.
Schneider.
■■ De catarrhis," p. 415. (PLiiffjUKT, "per salivam, osculum").
Schnitzler, J. Vienna, Univ. Piof. Uis. of Respiratorj' Organs.
" Lun gen syphilis uml .... Lungensciiwiucisucht," Wien, iS3o (Wiener
med. Presse. 1879, XX.),
Two cases, chancre of finger, in medical men. (Obs. V, and p. 10),
'■ Ueber die Lust.senche in Litthauen u. ihre Behandlung,'' Med. Zeitsch,
d. Verein f. Ileilk. in Preussland, 1837, Nos. 50, 51.
1) Syphiloid of Lithuania.
"Med. Zeitsch. d. Verein f. Ileilk. in Preussland, 1B39. Nos. 17, 18; 1841,
Nns. a. 3.
2) Petty epidemics of family syphilis,
Sclinb«rt, P. Niirnberg. Eye and Ear Clinic of H. Cuiin, Breslau.
"Syphil. Angenkrankheiten," Berlin, iSBr.
1) Statistics, of 35 histories; a extra-genital (?).
a) Case, midwife professionally inoculated (p. Si, obs. 20).
3) Ca.se, poiaihle infection per os, fauces (p. 11 a, obs. 35).
Schaller, M. Vienna,
Wiener med. Wochensclir. , iSf.i, Ko. S, (Jalirl). f. Kiiitlcrhellkunde, 1E61,
No. 4).
i) Case, chancre of finger, in 6-year-old attendant, from nursling.
3) Case, chancre back of hand, in wet-nurse, from nursling.
Sctinri^, M. Dresden.
"Sialogia histor. med.," Dresden:, 1723. (Monatsh. f. prakt Derm,, iSBS,
p. 194). _
Ca.se. child infected on an abraded surface, by kiss of nurse.
Scott, J. M, j, Belfast.
Med. Press and Circular, Jan. ig, lB;3. I., p. 84,
Case of vacci no-syphilis (in practice of Pukoon, q. v,).
Sebastiaa. Bezicrs. Maternity, Pbvsician.
Gai. des Hflp., Oct. ^^, 1863.
Case vaccino-syphilis (reported by Blot, q, v.).
Secheyron, L. Paris,
Annalesde Derm, et de Syph., 1SS6. VII,, p. 75,
1) Case, weanling, from foster- mother.
2) Infection of child under 5 years from foster-mother.
Eustachian infection.
see.
Ga«. hcbdom. dc med. et de eliir.. Mar. ij, 1S55,
Epidemic of vaccino-sj-philis. (See L.inceiieaiix •'!, and HCbneb),
Seelej', W, W. Cincinnati. Med. Coll, of Ohio, Proi, Ophthalmology.
Case, chancre of eyelid, (See Dk Beck).
(Cited by J.^ffE, q. v.).
rhand. ites Kiewsclien Militiirhosp., Mar. i8i)i, Vratsch,. iSgi, No. 15
(Monatsh. f, prakt. Derm., Vol. XIII.. 1,^91, p. 32).
SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
i) Case, chancre right tonsil, in ii-year-old married man, infection
Erobably from neighboring syphilitic fajnily.
ase, probable chancre of tonsil, in a 3Z-year-old man.
Selli.
One of the investigators of the endo-epidemic at Caplslrello. (See
I)EJIABCH[, TaNTURKI, DL'RAKTE. RUGGIEBE).
SerduclEOV, A. S, St. Petersburg.
Voyenno-Medit.'iinsky Journal, June, 1E90, p. M9 (St. Louis Med. and
Surg. Journal, Sept.. l8go, p. 235).
) Case, chancre upper eyelid in a wc
Vratsch.. No. 14, iS^s (St. Liiuis Med. and Surg. Joum,. June, tSga).
) Case, chancre upper e'
atsch.. No. 14, iS92(St. ]
[] Case, chancre nght tonsil, in man of 33 years, from smoking cigarettes
3) Case, chancre right side soft palate, in man of 25 years from cigarette
smoking.
Vratsch.. i8i)i. No. 18, p. 462.
4) Case, chancre middle of upper lip, in a boy of 15 years, source
unknown.
Settegftst. Cobleni.
Rust's Ma^aain, Beriin. 1823, XV., p. 146 (Hacker, "Lit der Syph,"
Leipds, 1830, p. 144).
Epidemic of laclutiun svphilis, in two communes near Coblenz, (See
Epidemics),
Seutin. (See July).
Seweke, W. Pnjf. Tarnowsky's Clinic (assistant).
Russkaja Medicina 18S6, No. 42. (Archiv f. Derm. u. Syph.. l83g, p. 251).
Two vases, chanc-re «f lonsil from Eustachian catheterization.
Shaod, J. C. Phys. for Dis, of Women and Children, Glasgow Public Dis-
pensary,
Med, Press and Circular, Lur.don, iSS2, N. S,, 33, p. 135.
1) Case, nursling infected by nurse,
i) Ca-iC, chancre of mouth in the mother.
Sheild, A. M. London.
British Med. Joixrn,, 1BS7, I., p. 274, (Slona'sh. f.prakt. Derm., Vol. VIII.,
iS.'f.), p. J(i8),
I ) Case, chancre at angle of mouth, in 32-year-old woman.
Brili'ih Med. Journ., Jan, 30, 1S92, p. 2js.
i) Case, chanLTe k-ri theek in widow of 34 years, source unknown.
Sherwell, S. ilrroklvii. N. Y.
Pr^.icid, \, Y. I'crnint. Soc., Journ. Cutan. and Ven. Dis., t836, p. 84.
1) Ca^e, Lliancre lower hp, in ^irl of 20 vears.
Proceed. N". Y, Dermat. Soc, Jouni, Cutan. and Gcnito-Urin. Dis., 1BS7.
1'- 311-
2) Case, chancre both nipples, from nursing f^months-old hereditarily
syphilitic infant.
Shoemaker, J. V. Philadelphia.
Cii'.e, cha
Sick, Miiskan.
■■ Stlii-ne Arten von svphilitisther Ansteckung." Med, Zeit'g,
Vereinc f. ileilkunile in Prcussen, Ueriin, 1837, No, 13.*
L'iu!>nal methods of syphilitic infection.
.■tk, 'lurch Cigarren-Rauchen," Wiener med. Woch-
enacnr., I653, ill,, .\o. 10, p. 145,
i) Case, chancre, lower lip, iu a man,
2) Case, chancre, both lips, in a woman.
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 305
Wiener med. Wochenschr., 18541 No. g, p. 13a.
3) Case, chancre of nipple, nurse from nursling.
Wiener nied, Wochenscbr., 1S54, No. 16, p. 341.
4) Eleven cases, chancre of linger, from pn>f<Ksional eicpcisilre.
5) Case, chancre of nipple, nurse from nursling.
6) Case, chancre of flnger, from contact
7) Case, chancre of the vulva, from washing with a sponge.
S) Case, chancre on the neck, and shoulder, from bandaging.
8«) Zeitscbr. der Wiener AerKte, 1S55. p. 87-* (Cited by Rollet,
"Traits," etc., 1360, p. 465).
A personal study of bcherlievo, Facaldina, etc.
Sb) Zeitschr. der Wiener Aerzte, 1B55, p. 33,* (Cited by Lancereaux,
■'Traitd,"etc, p, 41).
Personal acc<)unt of ■' Mai di Breno," and " Fienga."
Wiener raed. Wochenschr., 1563, Nos. iS, V), 2t, p. ago, agi.
9I Case, chancre of finger, midwife, infecting
10) Child, chancre al right angle of mouth.
11) Four cases, chancre of upper lip, in glass-blowers.
1 1») Three cases, chancre of lip, from blow-pipe.
12) Case, chancre at angle of hp, nursling from nurse.
Wienermed. Wochenschr,, 1865, p. 1430.
13) Mention of ag cases, chancre of linger.
14) Mention of 5 cases, chancre of nipple.
15) Statistics: 75 cases extra-genital chancre; lip, 40; tonsil, 5 ; tongue, 2;
nose, I ; finger, ay (p. 1445).
Wiener med. Wuchenscnr., i863, p. 137.
16) Four cases, chancre of lip.
17) Statistics; 73 cases, chanwe of lip, from 1S61-67.
Wienermed. Wochenschr., 1S78, p. 5(13.
18) Statistics of chancre acquired late in life: finger, 9; mouth, 7;
nipple, 1; by sucking, 8; total. 25.
Signorini, Mario. Florence. Univ. Clinic for Syphilis.
Lo Sperimentale, I6fl9, p. 249. (Giorn. ital. (I. mal. veu., etc., iSES, p.220).
Seven cases of vaccinal syphilis; 15 children vaccinated from same
infant; first 6, from clear vesicles, not infected.
Simon, F. A. Hamburg.
" Antwortschreiben auf Rkjoru's Briefe," Hamburg, 1S51, I., p. 9.
Case, obstetrician, professionally infected; life-lona invalid therefrom,
"Kritische Geschichle der Syphilis,' Hamburg, :85s, ifl., 1. p. 133, note.
a) Family epidemic ol syphilis in Hamburg ; physician sued for damages.
"Kritische Geschichte der Syphilis," Hamburg. 1S60, II., Theil, II.,
abstract, p. 103.
3) Five cases ot Leue.nwai-p, from bleeding with a lancet. (Leben-
WALD, q. v.).
Simonesu. Florensac.
(Leuband, " Ue I'or et du mercure," 1846, 2d Edit, Obs., 377).
Case, chancre of tongue from kissing.
Paris. Surgeon to Hop. du Midi,
I) Case, chancre of cheek, from bite. (See Hcirteloipp and LErROvosT).
a) Ca.se, chancre of nucha, direct contact. (See CmriEB and Rizat).
3) Case, chancre of nipple, wet-nurse. (See Ai'dovnaiid).
ms, J. Marion. New York, Surgeon to the Wuman's Hospital.
Transact. Amer. Med. Ass'n, Vol. XXIV,. 1S76. p. 104.
1) Two cases, chancre of finger, in medical men, professionally infected.
2) Family epidemic, husband infects w\ia and four children; towels,
3) Cose, mother infected in ihc eye, from towels of son.
(See alsoPxii-K, J. 11.).
366 SYPHILIS l.S'SONTIUM
Siredej. Paris. HOp. Loriboisiere.
(See AL'DovKAtiD and Morel-Lav aix£e).
Siraki, K. L. Moscow. Clinic of Polotebnoff.
British Journ. of Derm,, Oct.. i83g. p. 414.
Case, chancre of finger, in & roan.
SistBch.
Uaz. mM. de Paris, 1663, p. i.
Case, chancre left arm, female iS years from vaccinstioa. (Serrioe of
THOUSSEALJ,
Skae, D.
■' Condyloma, a primary form of venereal disease identical with SbbeBS."
North. Journ. Med., Edinb., 1S44, 1., pp. 89-I04,*
Skinner, T. Liverpool. England.
British Med. Joum., 1S64, I., p. 595; 1S65, L, p. iii.
Case, chancre of breast, from a syphilitic nursling.
Smith, J. L. New Vork.
New York Medical Journal, 1857. p. 341.
Case, nursling infects nurse.
Smith, T. London.
Trans. Clin. Soc., London, 1871, p. 53.
Case of vacci no-syphilis.
Smith, W. P. Sac Francisco.
Western Lancet, San Francisco, 1873, I., pp. 33-3S.
Case, chancre of eyelid.
Saell, 5. Sheffield.
Lancet. London, i332, I., p. 522.
1) Epidemic from lactation.
Bntish Med. Joum., 1B62, IL. p. 1152 (also Trans. OphthaL Sot of Great
Britain and Ireland, 1883. p. 4).
2) Case, chancre inner canlhus of eye in young woman, from manifold
exposure to a live-months-old infant.
Snitzer, S. Bamberg. Archiatrus(Physician-in-Chief),
' "- - 'V epidemic from cupping at Bambet^,
i, pubhshed both by Hurnunu and Horst (q. v
Snowball, W. Melbounie, Australia.
Aui^tral. -Med. Journ.. July 15, ib86, p. 305.
L';i'-f, i-hnrurcaUof nose in a dry-nurse, from a tooth wound by annrsling.
(S^e Ki \>, C. S.I and Bird).
Soffiantini, G. I'livia. Clinic of SfARENZlo.
CuTti. i\al. il. mal. ven., etc., i8as, pp. la, 142.
Thirteen cases, nurses infected by nurslings.
Sokoloff.
.\rihiv f. Rcrichtliche Medizin. St Petersburg, 1867, No. a.
.\ii iirticic on the Bcrrcshof Disease, a " Syphiloid" of Siberia.
Solari, B. T.
Circuli' Medio Argentino (St. Louis Med, and Surg, Joum., 1890, LIX.,
No. 4, p. 125).
Cast-, diaiicrc of right Eustachian tube in a prostitute, aged 3a yeai^
iiL-iiuircil probably through unnatural practices.
Soler-y-BuscaU, Juan. Spain.
Utvi>la de lis Ciencias M6dicas. (Provincial Med. Joum., i8qo, IX..
p. 43). Also -■ Viirios casns de sililis," Barcelone, 1S90).
1) Case, chancre of lip in a man, mode of infection not given,
a) Case, chancre of hp. laborer, from wife, who hod contracted ths dis>
ease in wet-nursing.
Describes the epidemic from cupping at Bambet^, 1603, in a letter to
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 3^7
3) Case, chancre of cheek, infection from a bite (Practice of Dr. Homs,
of Mosus).
^ Case, chancre of tongue in an infant, suckled by another woman after
mother's milk failed.
5) Case, chancre of nipple, in mother of above infant; he slept with her
and used to suck her empty breasts at night.
6) Case, chancre of arm in the grand-mother of this infant; from carry-
iog it,
Solis-Cohen, J. Philadelphia.
"Diseases of the Throat and Nose," Philadelphia, 1879 (id Edit.).
Case of Eustachian -sound inoculation (p. 119).
Solomon, J. Vose. Birmingham. Queen's College, Prof, of Ophthalmology.
BritisG Med. Joum., 1863, p. 436.
1) Case, chancre of eyelid, in S-months-old child, from saliva "sputtered"
into its face, by its aunt who had buccal legions,
a) Case, chancre of nipple in mother of above child, developed after
buccal lesions were present in child's mouth.
British Med. Joum., laixj. 11., p. 645.
3) Two coses of probable vaccination syphilis.
Solorioff.
London Medical Recorder. July iSgo, p. 266. -
Case, chancre of little finger.
Bommerbrodt, J.
Wiener med, Presse, 1870, p. 413 (Archiv f. Derm. ti. Syph., i38a, p. 500).
Case, chancre of lip, m a girl.
5&nmering.
" De morbxs vasorum absorbentium.'' (Clossius).
Case, or cases of infection of anatomists from syphilitic cadavers.
Sonaiflo, Prosper.
Imparziale di Firenze, 1870, Apr., and May. (Annales de Derm. cL de
Syph., Vol. 11., 1870, p. 449).
Discussion on circumcision syphilis.
Sotcbva.
Trans, of the ist St. Petersburg Gov. sanit. meeting; Feb. 6, 1875,
pp. 3-9-
Case, chancre ot nipple, nurse frnm nursling; .she in turn, infected her
own infant aiid husband. (See Polutebsuh-).
Sonchier.
(Cited by Lecrano " De I'or et du mercure,'' 2d Edit. Paris, 1S42, p. 174).
Case, multiple chancres of breast, nurse from nursling.
SpMck. Brussels. Prof. Thikv's Clinic.
Presse med. Beiges, 18(12, No. 48.*
Article on cephiilic chuiiLTf.
Spu-ks, E. J. London. Charini^ Cross Hospital.
Lancet. Londun. i?74, II,, p. fifw).
Case of acquired syphilis in a child 12 years old, of healthy parentage.
SpenwBk;, N. S. Moscow.
Russkaja Medicina, i683, No. 39, p. 624 (Archiv f. Derm. u. Syph., 1889,
p. 151).
i) Case, chancre of nose, from a bite during a quarrel.
Meditzina. 1SS9, No. ;i. p. 1.
2) Case, chancre, lower lip, in girl of 15.
3) Case, chancre, l>oth fauces, in girl of 14.
4) Case, chancre of fauces, in girl of 15.
(All seamstresses in same house, from common use of utensils).
Vratsch,, 1B91, No. 7, p. 207 (Annales dc iJerm. et de Syph., 1891, p. 419).
S) Statistics; So to 90 per cent, syphilis in country districts, extra-genital;
368 SYPHILIS tNSONTWM
in Miasnitskaja hospital, Moscow, in 1888, males, 4-7S, females. 8. 86
per cent.; in iS8<|, males, 6.87, females, 12.15 pei" cent-; in iSgo,
males, 6.88, females. 18.15 per cent.; total, 313 cases of extra-genital
infection, among 3258 cases.
Meditiinskoe Obozrenaie, iSgz, No, 1, p. 90.
6) Five cases, chancre of nipple, nurses from nurslings, in OcL and Nov.,
(All nurses from nurse bureaus, of which there are over 50 in Moscow ;
syphilis is thus daily increasing and infection of nurses or nurslings
is an "every day occurrence ").
Sperck.
(Cited by Petehsf.n, Monatsh. f, prakt. Derm., 1B8B. p. 309).
In Kalinkin hospital in St. Petersburg, 14,3 per cent, extra-genital
infection in syphilitic women.
Sperino, C. Turin.
" Lasifilizzaiione studiataqual meizo Curat. . . . ." Torino, 1853.
1) Cast, nurse infected by nursUng (p. 25).
2) Three chancres produced by puncture with unclean lancet, used seven
months previouidy for syphdiiation inoculations (p. 97).
Spillman, P. Nancy.
Rev, med, de I'Est., 1878, p, sgs (Annales de Derra. et de Syph., 1879,
P- 79)-
i) Case, chancre, right tonsil, woman aged 59, from foster-child, through
nursing- bottle.
2) Case, chancre lip, upholsterer's apprentice, from fellow- workman ;
r^alujtoii tauks held in mouth.
Spoof. B. Atin, i-"i[i[iUmd. Hosjiitalof Abo.
l'psiil:i iiik,, l-^.r.. IS73, VIII,, p. %tfl.
lipiiUmic fri>m >;upping: 17 received at hospital, claiming this source for
ihuir dise<i.-it. (See Epidemics).
Sprakel. H,
■• lie- miirlio qui dicitur Radesyge," Hales Saxonum, 1S64.
Ssabinin. (See Swunin}.
(Cited by Hekzenstein, '" Syph. in Russl." Bd., I., p. 49*. and Beloussow,
Arbeit lies II., Congr. mss. Aerite, 18B7; Archiv f . Derm, u, Syph.,
1889, p. 352).
Statistics; in Gov. Woronesch, of 865 syphilitics; 201 by coitus; 219 hered-
itary; and 445 from f.amily life.
Stahl, G. E. .ind Holi, J, S. Halle.
■'nisscTtatJi.dfri.'qiusilis b->na.- nutricis." Halae, if«j8.
Case, girl seven years (jlri, syphilitic, probably from lactation.
Stanch, F. A. St. I'eiersburg,
Vriit-ich,. Xo, 14, I'-gi (St. Louis Med, and Surg. Joum., June, 189a).
Cas^e, tliantrf of lower lip, in man of 37 years, cause not stated.
Stanley, E, Li.ndim. St. Burtholiimew's Hospital, Surgeon.
British Med. Joum,. June 50. 1=57. (See also Mason).
Case, chancre of lip, in a nurse attendant on syphilitics; probably
tlirfiugli digital aulo-infettion or through a towel.
Stark, J, Eilinburgh.
Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journ,, 1S31, p. 3fi6,
Case, probable chancre of tonsil, elderly dry-nurse from nursling.
Startin, J. (Senior), London. Hospital for Skin diseases, Blackfriars.
Discussion, Roj-al Med.-Chir. Soc., tS7i.
I) Statement, had seen 30 cases of vaccinal syph dis in as many years.
British Ass'n Med. Joum,, 1870, 1571 (Xavleu, "Dis, of the Skin," London,
1874. P- 355).
3) Two cases of vaccinal syphilis (seen witn Mr. Nayler, q. v.).
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 369
Steele, F. London. Resident Medical Officer, BloomsbuTy Dispensary,
Medical Press. 1S91, LI., p. 370.
Case, chancre, upper lip, woman 31 years, in site of crack in lip, attri-
buted to having held tacks in the mouth.
effeiu, Christiania.
Norsk, Mag. (. LaeRcvidensk., 1S41, p. 1.
Epidemic of family s^-philis.
SteffEiu, H. M. H. Christiania.
One of three appointed to investigate Radesyge in Norway; results
reported April 30, 177J, as regards the disease in Christiansaod.
(Cited by BoECK, "Traite d. 1. Radesyge," etc., 1S60, p. 6).
Stein. Gdov, Rnssia.
Trans, of the ist St. Petersburg Gov. sanit. meeting, Feb. 6. 1S75, pp. 3-9.
Eight cases, chancre of. or about nipple, nurses from nurslings ; these
mfected upwafds of 60 relatives and neighbors (see Polotebnofi-").
Steinbach,
Intemat. klin. Rundschau, 1587. p. 366. (Archiv f. Derm, il Syph., Vol,
XXL, iSSg, p. 3S4).
Case, chancre of temple in physician, following application of leeches;
source of infection unknown.
inbeiTer.
Buscb's n.
Buscb's neue Zeitsch. f. Geburtsh., 1S34, II., p. loS, (Cited by Dieterick,
"Die Kranlc. Fam,." etc.).
Five cases, nurslings infected by nurses. [Authorsupposes this to occur
through the milk).
Stellwag vDD Carion, CarL Vienna.
Die Ophthalm. vom naturwissensch. Standpunkt, 185S. Bd., IL, p. 954.
Case, chancre of eyelids, from contamination with fingers.
Steponoff', A. D. St. Petersburg.
Vratsch,, 1S90, No. 40, p. 615; No. 44, p. 1013. (Monatsh. f. prakL Derm.,
VoL XL. ifl(^ p. 549).
i) Case, chancre both breasts, in wet-nurse aged 32, in foundling
hospital.
Vratsch.. :Bcji. No. i. p. 21.
3} Case, chancre left nipple, nurse from nursling.
Steretu, J. G. B. London.
Brilisn Med. Joum,, 1^90. II., p. 1477; Lancet, London, 1S90, 11., p. 1334.
Case, chancre ulnar side of last phalanx, middle liuger, married man
aged 50; mode of infection not discovered; disease communicated by
him to a second person.
Stirling, R. A. Melbourne, Australia.
AnstraL Med. Journ,, Apr. 15, iSS;, p. 158.
I) Two cases, chancre of Up, in young ladies from kissing.
3) Case, chancre of lip, in a m^n.
Trans Intercolonial Metl. Congr, of Australia, Second session, Melbourne,
Victoria, Jan. iftSg, p. t)^,i.
3) Case, chancre lower lip, in child (1 months old, possibly from recur-
rence of i>ld svphilis in innuth of the father.
Austral. Med. Jou'm., iSyr., Xll , No. 3, p. 137.
4) Case, syphilis acquire 1 ihrouHh tattooing; operator at the time was
free from ulcer;itive lesions in the raouth, though with annular
syphiiide on the body.
StoU, M, Vienna. Univ. Prof, of Medicine.
"Ratis medendi," etc, Vienna, 1777-1/), III., p. 392.
i) Two children aged 9 and 10 years, from father (possibly lale hered-
itary syphilis).
" PrielectLones in diversos niorb. chroii," 1787, pp. loi-;.
370 SYPHILIS hWSONTIUM
2) Nursling from another nursling, through the nurse.
3) Family epidemic: nursling infected by nurse; motber and rest of
family from nursling through kissing.
Stonrme, A. Lyons.
" Essai sur fa progn. du chan. c6pha], indur.," These de Lyon, iBBg.
Une liundreil and three cases, cephalic chancre from service of Aubeht,
i;; AuiiHY. i; At'iiACNKL'R. l; CfiNAs, 4; CokDIEr, 12; DiDAV, 6;
FaRRE, 1 ; GAILI.ETUS, 44; GlilLLAUO, 7; PONCET, 4; RoLLET, 5; q, V.
Stratton.
Edmh. Med. and Suig. J ""
■' Treatise on Syphili
St. Paul's Bay Disease.
Strauss, Arthur.
Dr. Unna's Clinic in Hamburg. MonaLsh. f. prakt Derm,, Vol. XV.,
No. 10, p. 509.
Ca^s, chancre luwci' Up, cause nol stated.
StreatGeld, J. F. London. Surgeon to Ophth. Hospital, Moorfields,
Brit. Med. Joum., 18S2, II., p. 634.
I) Case, chancre, inner canthus left eye.
(Reported by De Beck, q. v.).
a) Several cases, chancre of eyelid, but no particulars given.
Stncker, W.
Virchow's Archiv, Berlin, 1S61, XXIL, p. 285.
Review c)f vaccinal syphilis, giving large number of references, but n»
origin^ cases.
StruTe, L. A.
'■Ueber die aussaiiartige Krankeit HoUteins, all^mein daselbst die
llarschkrankheit genannt, Ein Beytrag zur Kenntniss der Pseudo-
syphilitischtn Uebel." Altnna. 1820.
An original and full account of Morbus Dithmarensis.
Stukowenlcow, M. J. Kiew, Russia.
Priili'c. il. Sitz. Kiew'stheu Acrite, lESj, p, 54; 1886, p. 45. (Archiv £.
Uerm. li. Svph., iSfii). p. 152).
1 1 (.'.I'-c, I liiiiiLTc of tonHil, probably through kissing child,
-!\ 1 .i-ni-. , h.iiiLrc, right checli, married woman, aged 24.
Sturge. A. L.ni<l..ii.
Jk.l. Tuius .,11(1 C.az.. 1S77. li.. p. 116,
1) Three uafies, nurses infected by nurslings.
a) Family epidemic infant infected by nurse, communicated chancres
of lips or tongue to mother, father, ^rand-mother, and others, by
means of iis lingers put into their mouths.
Stureia, F. R. New York. University, Prof, of Venereal Diseases.
New York Med. Record, i968, p. 530.
1) Case, chancre right cheek, man aged 38. from a bite (case of
BlJMSTEAl.',).
Amcr, J.nirn. Med. Sci., Vol. LXV.. 1S73, p. 102.
2) Case, chancre, right lower eyelid, infant aged 22 months.
3[ Case, chancre ol left cheek, sister of preceding, aged 6 (cases of
American Sjjecialist, 1S81, If., p. 65.
4) Case, chancre of lip. in young woman.
5I Case, chancre of tonsil, source unknown.
Suchanclc. Prague, General Hospital, service of Waller,
Prag. Viertelj., 1849. XXIIl.. pp. 48. jy.
1) Among 473 cases of chantrc in women ; right nates, i; right groin. >;
finger, i.
a) Among 234 cases of chancre in men ; upper lip {auto- inoculation) i.
AXALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 371
Prag. Viertel).. i3;3. XL., p. 93.
3) Case, nurse infected by nursling.
Prag. Viertelj., 1854, XLI.. p. ee.
4) Case, Dursing mniber, infected by foundling.
5) Case, chancre right ladeit Jinger. in a midwife, in 1S45.
Sncbe, S.
L'Union med., Paris, 1S53. VII., p. 37,
Case, chancre of left shoulder, in man 19 years old.
Sutton. R. S. Pittsburg, U. S. A. 1
Journ, Araer. Med. Ass'n, i9S6, p. 643. I
Twu cases, infection by kisstcg.
Sweiliaiir, F.
■■ Traili complet . . . des mal. syphiliiiques," Paris, iSoi.
i) Two children, sisters, infected from sleeping with syphilitic servant
(p. 89).
I) Statement: has seen many e.iamples of midwives and surgeons
infected; one midwife infected over one hundred women (p. 96).
3) Statement: many examples, infection by lancets and surgical instru-
4) An account of the Disease of St, Pauls Bay (p, 370-
I male breast
Primitive syphilitic sclerose of throat " (Russian), Kiew, 1SS4 (3
Wcstnik.. 1884- Nus. 3S-3i), 3t.-40l,
i) Ca.<ie, chancre lelt tonsil, »>ldit.-r aged 21 (p. 16 of reprint),
a) Case, chancre right tonsil scildieraged 13 (p. iq).
3) Case, chancre tou»il, child aged j, from kissing nurac (p. 22]
{Reference to 65 cases from literature.*.
Provincial Medical Journal, Sept., 1S87, p. 421,
4) Review of Russian cases of extra.genital chancre.
St Louis Med. and Surg. Journ.. 1S91. L.\., 1., p. g,
;} Case, chancre right tonsil, in a married man 32 yi^ars old.
6) Case, chancre right tonsil, in an unmarried man 40 years o!
7) Cose, chancre right tonsil, in a laboring man 40 years old.
B) Case, chancre right tonsil, man 15 years old.
(No cause given for the above four cases).
Pamietaik 2ow
Case, chancre, conjunctiva of eyelid, froni removal of eyelash by the
T»it, L. Biiraingham England.
"Syphilitic Hemiplegia," e
Case, chancre of finger, ii
Tantnrri, V. Naples.
11 Morgagni, iSOy, XI.. p, 100. (Giorn. ital. d. mal. veil etc., tS69,
I,, p. 243).
1) Epidemics at CapislTello, and Castellafiunie, previously reported !jy
Dkmahciii, q. V. (See Epidemics).
a) Epideniic at Ruccavivi ; disease had existed iq years under the name ot
strhiaviiw (or vajntilo oviho).
(Cited by PROFETA'' Trail, prat, delle mal. ven.," Palermo, iBSS, p. ji^)).
371 SYPHILIS INSONTJCM
3) Cass, chancre of nipple, moiher infects own infant.
(See also Campana and My. Amici^I.
Tvdieu, A. Paris. Prof. Legal Jlediciiii;, Faculty of Medicine,
"i^tude sur les mal. provoq. ou commuoiq.," etc Paris, 1864.
_|Cases reproduced in the foUnwing work);
" Etude niMico-leg. sur les mal. prod, accident, ou involontaire.," Paris,
1S79.
1) Case, chancre left breast, nurse from nursling (p, i6o).
3) Two nurses infected bv same nursling (p. 166). (Seen with Auelon,
andDEVERCiE).
3) Inoculation of patient with unclean vaginal speculum (p. 272).
4) Inoculation of young man in operation for phymosis by serre-fines
(Service of FournierI. (p. 27a.)
5) Eight cases of RicuRii'a from Eustachian-soutiils (p. 373).
6) Case, nurse infected by nursling; 5,cica) francs damages (p. 175).
7) Case, chancre left breast, nurse from nursling; culpable reticence o£
Dr. 13. (p. 191).
S) Case, nurse infected by nursling; defendants sustained (p. 195).
9) Case, nurse infected bynursling, infects husband;4oo frai
10) Case, nurse infected by nursling, infects husband; 3,000 francs from
child's father (p. 199).
11) Case, nurse infected by nursling (p. 303), (Reported by Dr. de
CAS-IEI.NAV).
iz) Case, nurse infected by nursling (p. 314).
13) Boy, aged 10 years, inoculated experimentally, right arm, from
secretion of mucous patches ; visiting physician fined 50 francs, and
interne 100 francs (p. Z74),
Tamowsky, B. Si, Petersburg. Univ. Clinic for Syphihs.
\V...itnkM.M,.il!i-jnski Jouni., Feb., ittSi, pp. 95-96.
I) T«ii LLi'-Lj-, Lliancre of chin, soldiers from raaor cuts.
1) I'uL' t.a'-LS, Lliancre of lip, in pupils of military school,
Trailc hi'-l'ii. L-t pratiq. de la syphilis, by Lancereaitx; translated by Tar-
NottSKV (p, 630).
3) Case, chancre, upper third, inner side of right forearm, from a
chancre on the left hip, which in turn was caused by a bite.
Proc. of the Russian Dermat. Soc., 1886-87, P- '35-
4) Two cases, chancre of eyelid, in women, from contact with amniotic
fluid (luring labor,
(All cited in Archiv f- Uerm. u. Syph., 1889, p. 252; see also cases
reported bv Twiiisi iakow, and Zkweckk).
<,) Persunul ciimmunitjaliiiii, iS(j2; chancre of lip, 45 ; mouth (cavity), 34;
iiii;;lt. if;, tuiigue. 3; pharyiis, 3; eyelid. 2; chin, a; abdomen, 1;
Tassaui, rn.-iniii.L, k:ilv.
i;.i.:, mill, ili Mikino; 1543. 11., N<i, 4 (Cited by Bulvier, "Syph. Vacc.,"
Acucl, dc mcd. lie Paris. iS(i5, p. i6ji.
Epidemii: nf vnccino-syphilis at Grumello: 56 vaccinated, 35 infected,
and from these, 29 mothei's and nurses, total. 64; S children and 3
women died. Cekiou, q. v., described same epidemic, later st^e.
(See Epidemics).
Tay, W. London. London Hospital, Surgeon.
Set 111 ii.i(L.\wi\*s second series of cases uf vaccina -syph ilia
Taylor, R. W. New York.
New York Med. Journ.. Vol. XVIII., 1873. p. 563.
,,- ,,„„,,^, :Hf..»fi^,» ^tt^.^ ,,.-^....*.^,-,;...^*. operator healthy, source
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGKAPHY 373
" Syphilitic lesions of the osseons sjrstem in infants and young children,"
New York, 1875, p. 37.
i) Case, chancre lower lip, giirl, from her sister's child, congeoitally
syphilitic-
Archives of I>erTnato]ogy, New Ygrk, Vol. II., 1876. (Also Amer. Joum,
of Obstetrics. N. Y., 1875. VIII., p. 436).
3) Case, chnncre right nipple, nurse 38 years, from ntusliog (p. 33).
4) Case, chancre left nipple, nurse 19 years, from nursling (p. 34).
s) Case, chancre left nipple, nurse McNall}', 19 years, from nursling
(p. 33).
6) Case, infection after vaccination from unclean scarifier (p. 305).
7) Case, chancre of mouth, thild from kissing, infecting its nurse-
mother with a chancre of nipple (p. 230).
Archives of Dermatology, New York, Vol. V., iB7g, p. 374.
B) Case, chancre of mouth, sailor, from drinking-cup.
□) Case, infection, young man, from a towel.
■'The Fatholwy and Treatment of Venereal diseases.'' Bumstead and
TAVI.011, Phila., i8?3.
10) Case, chancre of nipple, from suction by husband (p. 464),
11) Mention of intecdon of dentists, known personally (p. 464).
iz) Case, chancre, lower lip, female cigar-maker, from drinkiug-cup
S- 4<'7t-
ise, chancre of chin, from sliaving (467).
14) Case, chancre left nipple, male, from bite {p. 468).
15) Mention of two cases, chancre of tonsils (516).
New York Med. Joum., May a4tll, 1BS4.
t6) Three cases, chancre of tonsil.
" Atlas of Venereal and Skin LtiseaseB.'' Phila. 1888, p. 108.
17) Two cases, chancre of chin, female and male.
iB) Two cases, chancre c.f male bruiist, infected by woman.
Joum. Cutan. and Yen. \* - , 1 - -■,. |i. '■'■,
ig) Case, chancre of !■.■.
Joum. Cutan. and <;L-iin 1 ' ■."■ ^ York, 18150, p, aoi.
ao) Fifteen caries of ii'mi -1 > ..[. .i.l 1, 1 1 ^ ]iri)bable modes of contagion;
chewing gum, hl-lei.i.-^ . l<hi7,ui l.^lder, handkerchief, bathing suit,
syringe, pa.ir ui drimtis. adhesive jilasier, water closet seat, con-
ductor's whistle, longiic strupcr, towel, pillow, and razor.
Medical News, Philuaulphiii. in,i, ji. 214.
ai) Case, chancre upper lip, man i\ years old, from a bite.
New York Med. Record, iiigr. X.\X"lX.. p. U).
22) Cose, chancre right index finger, in mun ai years old, source not
staled.
23) Case, chancre left index finger, in medical student, source not stated.
34) Case, chancre right index linger, in woman, from dressing chaacre of
Knis in her lover,
.rnily epidemic, starling from chancre on finger of midwife; mother,
father and four children infculed.
Trans. Sew York Dermatolog. Soc, acSlh meeting (Journ. Cutan. and
Genito-LVin, iJis,. W.l. XL, Jan. 1S03. p. aS).
26) Case, chancre forehead near hairy iMjrder, in young man, inoculnled
by scratching mosquito bites with infected finger.
TcbaEi", A. A. St. Petersburg.
Proloc. Kuss. Syph. iJerm. Soc., iSSS, Vol. 11., p. 133 (Brit. Joum. of
Derm. , 1SS9, \\. 347).
1) Case, chancre led eye (canthu!;). woman, from washing brother's linen;
he had tliain-Te .if lower lip.
Vratsch., No. iS, iSijo, p. 49(1.
2) Case, chancre upper li;i. just beneath left nostril, man aged ;o years.
Rubs. Syph. Derm. Soc, Liec. 22. iPgo (Vratsch., No. 1, iSgi, p. i\).
374 SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
3) Case, chancre left cheek, man aged 24, from bite.
Leicester Provincial Med. Journ.. Mar, iSgi, p. 174.
'4) Five coses uf extra-genital chancreii.
Tchistiakow, M. A. SL Petersburg. (Clinic of Tarnowskv).
Protoe. Sect, f, Syph. I. Congr. russ. Aente in St. Petersburg, 18S5,
p. 41 (Archiv f. Derm. u. Syph., 1BS9, p. 254).
i| Statistics: percentage of extra-genital chancre: lower lip, 30; upper
lip, 15 ; tongue, 3; throat, 3; buccal cavity, »4; lower eyelid. 2; chin,
2: neclc, 3; nuse, 1; finger, 14: finger and lower lip, t; abdomen, i;
3) Case, chancre of throat, nurse from nursling,
Protoe. russ. Gesellsch. f. Derm. u. Syph., 1887, p, 9 (Archiv f. Derm. u.
Syph., 1B89, p. 154).
3) Case, chancre right tonsil, man aged 39.
Vratsch.. i8Sq. No. 5. p. 133 (Vrrch.-Hirsch, Jaresber.. iSSg, p. 634)-
4) Case, chancre of forehead, child 8 months, from nurse.
Bolnitchnaya Gazetta Botkina, 1890, Nos. 7, S, (Leicester Prov. Med.
Joum., 1890, p. 30(1).
5) Ca'-e, chancre inside of cheek, woman from cigarette.
6) Case, chancre inside of cheek, lady from spoon used by syphilitic
Vratsch,, 1S90, No. iS, p. 426 (Monalsh. f. prakt. Derm.. iScjo, Vol. XI.,
p. 69).
7) Four cases, nurses infected by nursling, the latter infected by pre-
Vratsth., 1800, Nil. 4 iAj..;,,i-.--; .". piakt. Derm., 1S90, Vol. XI., p. 549).
S) Case, chant'u ' ■ ' M two years old.
9) Case, chancri. i. \% years (case of Lewv).
10) Case, chanciL .■■ , . .- M;arsolii.
I If Case, chancrf lii; ■- . ji;. „[i I j j juara old.
12( Ca-tte, chancre nipple, imrsc fnim imrsling, from foundling asyluni.
Vrat.seh., tSyi, pp. ai. 159 (Annales de Derm, et de Syph,, iSgi, p. a3S),
■3) Case, chancre lower lip, prostitute of 17 years.
Vratsch., iSqi, No. 11, p. 300.
14} Ca.se, chancre left side of head, in site of contusion; student, aged
II. infection by bai'ber(?).
VratSLh., iSgi, No. i3 (Monatsh. f. prakt. Derm., Vol. XIII., 1&91, p. 48),
i:| Case, chancre dorsum of tongue, in woman aged 31 years.
i(:) Case, chancre at junction of hard and soft palate, man aged 34; being
subject to throat affections, he bad used atomizers of syphilitic
patients.
Vratsch., i^oi. No. \%. p. 462.
17) Case, chancre lower lip, iu married man of 3S, source unknown.
18) Case, chancre abdomen left of median line, four fingers' breadth
above pubes, in married man of 34 years, source unknown.
Vratsch.. 1392. No. 14. (St. I.ouis Med. and Surg. Joum., June. 1892).
ig) Case, chancre upper lip in student of 20 years, origin not stated.
iSSd. p. 161 (Arehiv f. Denn. u. Syph.. iSSg,
p. Z54J.
Ca-.c. chancre of chin in site of raziir cut.
T*denat. Lyons. Faculty Prof, of Clinical Surgery.
(Cited by Rui-s.-,(:i„ " Dc la .syph. tert. d. 1. sec. enf." . . . 1881, p. 90),
Case, chancre of upper hp, in a-vear-old boy, from father, by month-
piece of cornet.
Temple. W. F. B.iston.
Boston Med. and Surg. Journal, July 2. 1891.
Case, chancre upper bp, in a young girl from kissing.
Pre
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 37S
Tenneuin. Paris. Hflp. St. Louis.
Annales de Derm, et de Syph., Vol. X., 1889, p. 791.
Case, two chancres un cheek of young girl, from kissing.
Tepli«scbin, A. P. Wjatka Gouv., Russia. District-Physician.
Vratscli., 1BB7, No. 17 (Monalsh. f. prakt. Derm., 1887, p. 770).
Epidemic of syphilis, from applying tongue to the eye; 34 persons
directly infected, and 34 others from them; total, ()8. (See Epidemics).
[La France m&L, Feb, 7, 1888, mentions epidemic of same character at
Glastikow, Roumania, ascribed to Tepliacums; evidently the same
episode).
Theobald, S. Baltimore, U, S, A.
Amer. Joum, Med, Sci., 1S73, Vol, LXVI., p. 433.
t) Case, chancre of lip, infant from servant,
a) Case, mother of above infant, infected by nursing.
', A. Brussels. Prof, and Surgeon to Hflp. St. Pierre,
Presse niM. Belge.s, Bruxelles, 1861, No. 48.
i) Cases of cephalic chancre, reported by Spaack.
Presse mM. Beiges, Aug. 4, 1^79 (Archiv f. Derm. u. Syph., 1879, p. 47a.
Virch.-Hirsch. Jaresber., 1878, Bd. II., p, 535).
2) Two cases, cliancre of evelids.
Presse med. Beiges. 18B1, XSXIII., p, 193.
3) Case, nurse infected by nursling.
Presse mM. Beiges, 1885, p. 40.): iS9£), p. 9.
4) Case, chancre i>f the tongue,
5) Case, chancre of left tonsil.
6) "Coniam, chanc. d'un enfant pendant I'accoucb.." etc. Presse m&l.
Beiges, 18S4, XXXVI., pp, 241-246."
ThoniM. Pittsburgh.
Soc Proceed. Allegheny Countv med. Soc, Dec. 15, iBy( (Joum. Amer.
Med. Ass'n, Vol. .XVUI., 1891, pp. 1^5-166).
i) Case, chancre <if lip. in a man, from kissing, infecting
2) Case, chancre of forehead, his a-year-old son, by kissing.
Tbonuschewskr, S. P. Kiew. Russia. Military Hospital.
Russkaja med. vnskresensk., 1S95, pp. 346, 367, and Wiener med, Presse,
l8S(J, 37, p. 961); 30, 3(1,
1) Case, chancre left tonsil, \-irgin of 151^ vears, attendant on infected
child.
a) Case, chancre right tonsil, soldier nf afi years, source unknown.
3) Case, chancre left tonsil, in an attendant, z; years old, in syphilitic
ward of hospital.
London Med. Recorder, Ott. iSgo. p. 39(1.
4} Case, chancre of finger.
(Unpublished cases, personal communication. 1S92).
S) Statistics; chancre of pharynx. 7; lip, ti; eyelid, 4; buccal cavity. 4;
forehead, 1 ; temple, 1 ; t'heek, 1 ; linger,
5 ; breast. 4 ; ai
Total, 34.
TiliiiK, R.
"UeberSvphilis ,nid SvphUoid." Mitau, iSsj,*
TiUwix. Paris. H,-,p, l.aril...isicrc.
(Cited by Ri/.Ai. ■■Man. pr.iti((tic dcs mal. vcncr.,
," Paris. iS9:, p.
Case, chancre dorsiil surlacL' iif tongue.
Todd, R. H. [nn.lin. Surgeon tu Dublin Hospitals.
Dublin Hi.^^imal Kc[iorts, 1819, II., p. iSa.
Ca.se, i11fL-1_i11.11 ,1 wr.man aged 7>J, Irom spoon ■
■f syphilitic grai
prubablt; ihr. .at chancre.
Inslitui. di Anat. Pcitol, i3Si. iCited by Merz
. q. V,)-
Case, mother infected by nursing owu'thild H
•xception to ColU
37" SYPHILIS msONTIUM
Torella, G. Rome, Physician to Pope Alexander VI.
" Tractatus dc pudenagra cum coasiliis." 1497. (Cited by AuDavNAirD,
■' S\-ph. comm. par I'ailaitement," Paris. 1S69, p. 8),
Statement: had often seen an infimt infect many nurses.
Touchaleftume, A.
■' 6tude sur le chancre syphilitique de la conjunctive.'' These de Paris,
Case, chancre conjunctiva, right upper eyelid, youth of 19 years from a
kiss. (Service of Prof. Dianoi^k).
Toujan. Toulouse.
AunalesdeGynte. etd'obsift., July, 1892 (Brit Med.Journ., Sept. 3d, 189a,
p. 31); epitome of current literature),
i) Ca.se, chancre lower lip in married man, infecting
2} Case, probable chancre of lip in the wife.
Tonmer, G, R.
Lantet, London, 1887, Vol. 1., p. 2l8.
Case, chancre of lower lip.
Townsend, W, E, Bostim.
Biist<.ii Med. and Surg. Joum., Vol. I-IX., tSsg. p. 456,
Case, chancre of breast, acquired from a sypIiiliUc nursling.
Trilat. Paris. HOp. do la Charilfi, Surgeon.
(Cited by Jui.L.iKN " Traits desmal. veniir.," Paris, iaS6, p. 55a).
Case, double chancre of chiu.
Trevisanello, G. Florence. Clinic of Prof, P, Pellizzaki.
Giorn. ital. d. mal, ven., etc., 1S75, p, 307.
i) Five cases chancre of tonsil; one in a girl of 1 5 years, from infant
nephew, child of a syphilitic soldier,
2) Throe cases, chancre of lip.
3) Case, chancre of finger.
4) Case, chancre nipple, nurse from nursling, infecting another nursling.
5) Case, infection, nursling from nurse.
Triboulet. Paris. Hfip. SL Eugenie. Surgeon.
(Ciif.l by At i".v\.Mji> "Syph. comm. par rallaitemeut." These de Paris,
L'.is.-, Lii.iiiiii.- ip[ brens,, nur.se from nursling.
Trivet. I'Lin-. (Sutvice of FairRMEK).
ThC-L- '\'- I':iii-. i-f'7. (British Journ. of Dcrmatulogy, iSSg, p. 436).
(.'.isr, iIi:l!lo-c uf fwchcad.
Trotter, Spencer.
riiil.Lii(.-l|ilii.i Ml'iI. Times, iS35-Sti, XVI.. p. 125.
CiM- i.i iiiimiiatiiin by tattixiing, saliva on needle.
Trousseau, A. iMns, Hnp. Xecker and Hotel-Dieu, Physician.
i;.u- (iv-. \h--v\\., 1-54. p. I5S; 1*55. P- 497-
1) \:.K<'.-, i.liiiiiLri bullocks in baby, from contact with mother in bed.
L- Unio,, m.d , 1.57, p. 207.
a) Two nurses infected by same nursling.
Gas. di'S Hnpit.. tsua, p, ::5(nl,'i(i " Syph, vacc," Acad, deniikJ.. Paris, 1865,
p. fil)),
3) Case, infection from vaccmatioi), woman aged iS years, (See
(Rovasi;!. '■ De la syph,
4) Case, infectiun of girl of 7 years by a nurse,
Tuholske.
(Cited in the Archives of Gynceologj-, 1891, No (>, p. 347),
Case, chancre of nipple, young married woman, from her infant with
chancre of lip, acquired by kiss of a young man with syphilis,
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 377
Tnilier. Limoges. Limoges Hospital. Physician-in-Chlef.
Some of tbe uases of lactation syphilis reported by Baedinet (q. v.), were
in the hospital under the charge of Tl'ilier.
Tnr, M.
Russkaja Medycj-na, iSSj, No. 39 iMonal.sh. f. prakt. Derm,, 1887, p. 41).
Case, chancre right tonsil, fuliowed by scorbutus-like syphilis.
Tnrati, A. F. Milan. Institute d. St. Corona. Division for Syphilis,
Annali universalidi med., 1875 (PnoFkTA ■' Trattato pratico d. mal. vea.,"
etc.. 18SS, p. 4"*>-
Cited a.s reporting cases of lactation syphilis.
Tnnier, G. R. London. Guy'a Hospital.
British Medical Journal, 1SS7, I., p. iij.
Case, chancre of lip.
Tstitrin.
Voyenno-SanitarooiS Dielo, St, Petersburg, 1887.
Olraerved several cases of soldiers, contracting syphilis from the com-
mon use ni T«txiT%, combs, and cigarette stumps.
Uasas, M. S. St. Petersburg.
Proceed. Rus^i. Syph. Uenn, Soc, i988, Vol. II„ p. ig (British Joum. of
Derm., Vol. 1,, No, 4. p. tjs).
1) Case, chancre left palm, on site of burn; from attendmg a syphilitic
child, who had been infected by a wet-nurse.
Vratsch., No. iS. :89o (Monatsh, f. prakt. Derm., Vol. II, 1B90, p. 69).
aj Case, infection of girl of id, iirobably in mouth.
g) Case, infection of an engineer, in same manner.
4) Case, nurse infected by nursling.
London Med. Recorder, Aug. 1S90, p. 304.
5) Case, chancre upper evelid,
Vratsch, No. 10, iS<j2 (SL LouisMed. and Surg. Journ.. June, 1892).
6) Case, chancre right tonsil, in married wiiman of 41 years; origin not
slated, but husband syphiliiic.
V»dja, L. Vienna. Assistant, Clinic of Sh;mlnd.
Archiv f. Derm, u, Syph., 1575, p. 180.
1) Case, chancre lower lip, man aged lo.
Berichtder Klinik f. Syph., vuii SiuMimi (Archiv f. Derm, n. Syph.,
1S76, p. 124).
3) Case Eustachian mfcction. girl aged 27.
Valcotirt. Paris.
Gaz. des H-^p.. Pans, 1365, p. 445.
Case, chancre of tonsil, from u loitnge, (Ca.ie of Prof, Hakdi , reported
by several observers).
Valeotiae, E.
Revista espec, de oftalmolog., (icrm., etc, JIadrid, 1SS6, 9. pp. ?S3--,63.
(Bibliog. Syph,, S/.ahek, iSSS, p. 2u).
Case, chancre of eyelid.
Valensasca.
Annali universal! di medicina, Nii, rj3, f.isc., I., Venet., 1S40.* (Cited
by Lamlkkai Ji, " Treatise on Syphilis," iSoe, p. 41),
A description Kacaldina.
Valer7, Chaa.
" De la transm. des accid, second, dii nourrisson alanourrice et dc celle-ci
k son nourrice." Thc.se de Paris, \'i%b*
ValUnri, G. Piedmont.
Rep, med. cbir. del Piomontc, 1836- (Cited by Dietericii, " Krank. Fam.
Syph.," 184a, p, 147).
Case, chancre in site of a razor wound.
Vwi Bnren, W. H. New York, (Sec Kj-ven),
37^ SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
Van Deurs.
Juurn. de mM. et de chir., June, 1835. • (Boeck, " Traits de la Radesyge,"
P- 47).
Description of syphiloid of Jutland.
Van Dugterea and Van Walsem. Amsterdam. Clinic of Prof. D. V.w
IlAkEX-XuMAN.
Mitlh. aus der Klinik. etc., Bcricht ii. d. in d. J. 18S6-7, etc., Haarlem,
:a8g.
i) Statistics: chancre of lip, 35; breast, 3; nose, \-, tonsil, 1; of 371
svphilitic women and children, 131 or 35 percent, were innocent.
3) Case, chancre of tonsil, child, from syphilitic father.
3) Two cases, chancre of lip, brother and sister, from mother.
Van Harlingen, A. Pbiladelpbia, U. S. A.
Philadelphia Med. Times. 1H84-5, XV., p. So.
1) Case, chancre lower lip. in woman of 53, from a bite.
3) Chancres of upper and lower lip, in girl of 14, said to be from a bile;
this girl infected her infant sister, who Chen infected her mother and
brother.
3) Case, chancre, angle of mouth, man 30 years old.
4) Case, chancre lower lip, woman Z3 years old, probably front
kiss inf.
5) Case, chancre upper lip, in woman of 14, source unknown.
6) Case, chancre, angle of mouth, man of 43, from a bite by a
prostitute.
7) Case, chancre of tongue, probably from kissing.
8) CaHe, chancre of face, in raan of 53, contracted in shaving.
9) Case, chancre nipple, young woman, from bite by young man with
sore mouth.
10) Ca,se, chancre lower eyelid, in a man. site of a blow ; tumefaction
punctured by a penknife and sucked by a friend with mucous patches
in the mouth.
Vanier.
(Cited, without reference, by Jaffl;, " Die riloelle circumcision," Leipzig,
1886],
VanraerriB, H, C.
■ Viv 1,1 i!.i[iMii. 'le la syphilis par I'operaliou de la vaccine." These de
Slr:,-.li.,uri,', 1363, (pp. 41.)-
Van Swieten, G. Vienna.
" Abliiuidlung von der Liebesseuche," ."jaciUurt, 1717. p. 20.
Case, infection of a nurslmg by a diseased wet-nurse.
Vassal, P. A. Paris. HOp. des Ven6riens.
'■Mem, s. 1. Iransm. d. virus vener. d. I. mere i I' enfant." These de Paris,
1807.
1) Citsc. the second child of syphilitic parents infects nurse (Legrand,
Obs. IV.).
21 Case, similar, secimd child infects nurse{Obs. Vlll., IX).
3) Case, prematurely born child lives long enough to lufect nurse (Case
of (iiLHEKT's;()bs. VII.).
Vaughan, B. E. New York.
Trans. N. V. Dennatolog. Soc, aiSth meeting (Joum. Cutan. and Genito-
L'rin. Dis., Vol. XI., 1893. p, 2B).
Case, chancre front purt ol scalp, in married man of 3;, inoculated pre-
sumably by liiiger-nail wound, in a tight.
Velpeau, A. Paris.
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 379
i) In debate Velpeau recapitulates certain of Ricord's cases |p. 331},
and coses of Bakdinet, soon afterwards published,
a) Case of HENki-UE-SAisr-AKNot'Lii (p. 363, q. v),
Velscfaius. G. H. (See Welscii).
Observ. med. epUag. cenL, etc, Ulraae, 1667. (Cited by Plol'quet).
Lactation syphilis.
Velten.
(Cited by RuTHEMium; " Dc syph, ab aliis atque a part genital.." Diss.,
Bonnae. 1630).
Domestic epidemic, spread among families; introduced by a child who
had been at a religious testivoJ (Obs, VI.).
Veuot, J. Bordeaux. H6p. St. Jean.
L'Union med. Paris, 1851, p. 473.
Case, nursling infected by nurse.
Vercelloiii, J. Rome.
"Depudend. morbis. . . ." Astae, I7i6jp. 305 (Cited also by Va-sSwieten,
" Abhandl. von d. Liebes-seuche," Frankfurt, 1737, p. 11).
l) Epidemic involving an entire village, which began from two nurslings.
(See Epidemics),
a} Case, chancre of hand, cited by Lancekealx (q. v.).
Vcr<-DeUile. Pans.
Acad. gen. de m6d., Paris, April, 1330. p. 5(16.
Case, chancre of anus in infant, whose mother was infected three
months after delivery.
Veraenil, A. Paris, IIi^p. de la Pitie.
BulL de la soc. de chir.. July 15. 1855. (Cited by Tardiei' " Etude med.-
1^.," etc. Paris, ia7y. p. ai6).
I) Case, chancre left breast, nurse from nursling,
a) Case, infant of above nurse, infected by nursing,
Gax. des HApit., 1879,0. 106.
3) Case, acquired infantile syphilis.
L'Union med., Paris. iSSS, p. 297.
4) Case, nurse infecled by nursling.
5) Case, tuirse infected by nursling, infects her two children.
Veslia, L. Paris. Hop. .St. Louis. (Exteme).
Statistics of extra-genital chancre. iSSS: 36 cases (1; males, ii females);
chancre of lip. 10 (lower, 9; upper, i); tonsil, 4; tongue, j; eyelid, 1;
breasi, 2: abdomen, j; thigh, 1; anus, 4.
Viani. Piedmont.
Gaz. med. Lombard.. 1S41). (Jitum. demed., Paris, 1849, IV., p. 874).
Family epidemic, nursling infects three nurses, and one ot them in-
fects another nursling; the lirst child then infects two uncles by
Vicherat. Nemours. (See Dei'ai-I-*).
Victorius. Padua. Univ. Prof, nf Medicine.
■' Liber de morbo gallico." Florcntia?, 15;
VWal, A. (de Casaisl. I'.i
, >l(Uli^ IIJUII illllll KISSlIlg.
ns. Hop. <ln Midi.
1
Traite des malad. vcn
enemies, Paris, 1S53, p. 512,
Four children, in w
uaiiins; hnusL-, infected through ti
n cup, by infant
who had bcin i..fcttL..l li
Vid4l,Emile. Pans. Hvp. Si. Louis, Surgeon.
Annales de Derm. L-t ite Syph., Paris, iSSg, X.
1) Case, chancre on dorsum nf tongue, man aged 37 Ip. 313).
3) Case, chancre lower lip, girl %\ years, from speaking-tube (p. 337).
(also m Journ. de nifid., June, iSS.j).
jSo SYPHILIS IXSOXTIUM
3) Case, chancre right side, tip of tongue, man aged 26 (p. 455).
4) Case, chancre left tonsil, wife of (be above (p. 454).
Vienaoi^ A, Lyons. Hosp. de I'Anliquaille. (Service of Roixet).
" Rccherches sur les chan. ptira. et les accid constc. prod, par la cootag'.
de la syph. second." These de Paris, 1S60.
ij T«n cases, nurses infected by Dursbngs; one infected her hn&band
by coitus, another her daughter, by breast-drawing.
s) Case, chancre lower lip, class-blower (p. 6c).
3) Ca>«. chancre both lips, ^om kissing husband. infecl&
4) Child, 7 years, chancre tonsil, from using spoon, and
51 Another son ; no particulars given tp. 66).
6) Slention of several infections from tattooing at \ al-de-Gracc (p, 29).
Archives gfcn^ralesde med., Paris, June, iSOoetseq.. (Reprinted in '"Syph.
voccinale," Acad, de med.. Paris, 1565, pp. 32o-35S|.
7) A very eilensive study of vaccinal syphiTis, with very many valuable
quotations and references, but giving no orgiaal cases.
"De la syph. contractee par les verriers dans I'exercise de Icttrprof.,"
(Extratt du compt-rendu, med.-chir. de Rouen, 1S63).
S> Pour cases, chancre of lip. in glass-blowers; one excised for epithe.
9) Three cases, chancre tonsil, in glass-blowers (one reported eight others
infected); one infected his wife.
to) Case, chancre of fauces, glass-blower.
II) Three cases, infection of gla-'u-blowers.
II) Epidemic at Rive-de-Gier, i363, twenty victims. (See Epidemics).
13) Cases of Bazi.\, Hekviek, Laoka-nge, Rullet, q. v.
Vigla.
L'Cnion mM., Paris, 1864, No. 125, p. 117.
Case, chancre from Eustachian inlectioo.
=n-ice of Mai-biac).
a-genit,," These de Paris, 1B88.
i) Case, chancre, free border of left upper eyelid, female, cause
unknown,
i) Case, chancre inner angle of eye, from husband's kiss. (Service of
AiiAiiiE, q. v.).
3) Case, chancre nose, upper and lower lip. male.
4] Case, two chancres of cheek, from bite in play.
5) Five cases, chancre of lips.
6) Three cases, chancre Lif tongue.
7) Case, chancre inside right choek. from mouth-piece of corflct,
8) Two ca-ws, chancre tonsil and throat; one from a flute.
9) Case, chancre of chin. Iriim razor-cut.
III) Case, chancre neck, level of thyroid, male aged 24, (Notes by
J. HiCLEl).
II) Case, chancre over mastoid bone, male aged 20. (Notes by J.
Ill Chancrf of anus, 3 . thigh, 1 ; calf of k-g, i ; finger, x,
ViUard. Lvti-, Fratuc-.
Lynn M'l.Ii^;.!. 1-.^,, I,XV.. p. 19(1.
i'.i-r 1 li.iri, IV UnvLT lip, glass-blower; fellow -workman blowing tnbe
LniEimli. Lilly before pntiont, had mucous patches in mouth; three
(iLlitr wotkniLLi also aci|uired syphilis from same man.
ViUeneuve. Mur.scillcs.
.Marseille Medical, iBi>o, No. G, p. 360.
Ciise, chancre lower lip, man 25 years old, mode of infection unknown.
Vincent.
■'Expose clinique des maladies des Kabyles," Paris, 1862, (LANCERSAfx,
ANALYTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 2fi\
Violet. J.
" Etude pratique sar ta syph. infantile," Th^se lie Paris, 1874.
t) Case, child of ti years infected by father, contact in bed is- ^B)-
a) Case, chancre of breast, infected by nursling (p, jj).
Voese, F. H. WUrzburg. Polildinik, Children's Diseases.
■■ Ueber Syphilis der Kinder." laaug. Dissert., Wiiraburg, 1869.
Case, infant of 4 months, infected by wuman, with whom it slept.
Vvedeiuky, A. A. St. Peteisburg.
Proceed. Russ, Syph. Derm. Soc.. :8S;. p. 11. (Provin. Med. Joum.,
i)Case. threL- thancres. left forefinger, man ageil 35, from a bite.
Vratsch., 1889, p, 9&0.
1) Case, chancre right temporal region, man, hospital infection.
Vjsbog^od, I. Vladikavkaz, Russia.
Russkaja Medltzina, Dec. 17, 1SS9, p. 729.
Case, chancre palmar surface right little finger, at meta-carpo-phalang.
joint, m hospital waiter, aged 24.
Wfclch, F. A. Jena.
'■Praktischc Darstellung d. vener. Krank," Jena, tSti (Cited by Wkmit,
"Die Lustseuche in alien ihren Richt., Breslau, iS2j, p. 11).
Obstetrical epidemic, over ;o iafecteil (See Epidemics).
Wallace, Wm. Dublin.
"Lectures on Ven. Dis," Lancet, London, 1835-6 {Bemkknd's Syphilidolij.
gie. 1,, 1839, p. icjj).
1) Case, boy B vears old, infected by mother.
2} Case, feeble "minded boy of 17. infected by mother, probably in thmat.
3) Case, chancre of lip, man. from pipe of comrade.
4) Description of " Morulus" or "button scurvy" of Ireland, (pp. 47^,
485).
Medico-Chirurgical Trans., Vol, XIII., 1S3S. p. 469.
5) Three ca.ses of Morula; one illustrated by a plate.
Waller, A. Prague. General Hiisp., Director.
ft'^erViertelialirreschrift. 195:, t. I. (Annales lies mal. de la pcauet de la
ayph., t. in., 1850-51).
il Infet-tionof two-year-i>ld girl by nurse, (p. 177.)
2) Infection of three infants, i to 3 years of age, by their respective
mothers (p. 178),
3) Three cases, infection by pederasty in boys; one infects younger
brother, by contact in bed (p. 178).
4) Case, nurse from nursling (foundling), infects
5) Her own infant (j). 180).
6) Mother of above nurse, aged 66, chancre left chec-k and side of neck,
from contact in carrj-ing grand-child (p. iSo).
7) Woman infected byfouudling at breast; c
her own four children (p. iHo|.
(Reported by St riiAsr.K q. v. service of W.aller
H) Casr. nurse inffclci W nursling.
Prnger ViortfljiilirrL-ihritt' i- = o, p. Wl-
<i) lnfuai..ii ..I -viwinl-ni^ii.l. Iram licremplov
10) Cast, .hanLiv o| U],, in .l servant-maid.
;iii= Hospital, ilnierne
Uu V. Svph,." etc.
18S0.
i) Case, chancre, lower lip in a girl, bitten by a stranger. (Obs, I. . p. 11).
a) Case, chancre lower lip, in atudcnl, from kissing. (Obs. 11., p. 15).
(Two following cases seen at Munich in Hospital).
3) Case, chancre lower lip. in servant girl, kissing. (Obs. III., p. 16).
4) Case, chancre lower lip, in man, no history. (Obs. IV'.. p. 17).
382 SYPHILIS INSONTIUM
Watson. Stourport, EnKland.
Case, lactation syphilis, nurse infected at nipple. (See Aberkethv).
Watson, Spencer. Loudon. Kings College Hospital.
Lancet. London, iSti;, 1.. pp. 119. 519.
i) Case, chancre cheek, from husband with buccal lesions.
2) Case, chancre lower lip, female aged 19. (See Mason).
Medical Times and Gaz.. 1S81. I., p. 426.
x) Case, chancre nostril, nurse from nursling.
British Med. Journ., iB8(, I., p. 721.
4) Case, chancre lower eyelid, source of infection unknown.
Watson, W. London.
Trans. Coll. Physicians, III., 1785. p. 325. Also see "Lectureson Syph.,"
etc, Phila.. 1875, p. 20.
Case, inoculation of syphilis by transplanting a tooth. ((3iven also by
HuNTKR, and Sweuiaur).
Wecleer, L. de. Paris.
"Traite compl. d'Ophthal.." Paris, 1S80, Vol. L; DaWECKtRand La.nd-
OLPT. (Cited by De Beck, q. v.).
i) Case, chancre left lower eyelid (p. 69).
2) Case, chancre conjunctiva left eye, from kissing (p. 409).
3) Case, chancre conjunctiva left eve, from kissing.
4) Case, chancre conjunctiva riglit eye, from cleaning eyelids with
spittle, by mother.
Wedekind, Geo.
"Fragmente iiber d, Erkentniss d. ven, Krank,," 1790. (Giktasner. No.
1855, and Ctossiiis).
Cases, infection of midwives (p. 2t),
Wegeler.
Med. Zeit. d. Verein d. Heilk. in Preuss., iSjo. (Fourmer, " Syph. vacc ,"
Paris, 1889, p. 197).
Epidcmicof vaccinal syphilis; i9infectedatIC,in 1849. (See Epidemics),
Weiger. Strasbourg. (See Wolkf).
Weil, A. Heidelberg. Univ. Prof. Dermatology and Syphilis.
Winner, med. Presse. 1877, p. 14S3. (ATchivesof Dermatology, New York,
Vol. v., 1 379. p. 92).
1) Case, chancre root of nose, new-born child; claimed infection per
"UcliLT. . . . Vercrbung dcr Syph." Volkmann's Samml. klin. Vortr,,
N... ly: 1-7-, p. 891.
.'I C.I-I-, (.li.iiurc both breasts, nurse from nurshng; infects own child
Weiiibc-:^. J- '>■■■ 'iLi.
^' !■ -. !-. K. Gcsell. d. Aerzte zu Wien. Nov. 8, 1S7S.
I I :r, ilit-cli, I'nim rnum-mate, nail inoculation.
I ni' ttinguf. woman, source unknowD.
M ■ !■ ■ ■. '.'■:■ Ik I nifd, Uuct.CoUeg., V., No. 1, 1679 (Wien. med. Presse,
3) Cast, infection per os. fatbtr by sun. common use of utensils.
Welsch. (See Velschh M.
Wendt, J, P.r.-:'.,i:
■' li;v l.r ■ '■■ ■■ Richtungen," etc., 3d edit., Breslau, :B2S.
ii i:]' . il syphilis, from chancre on finger of midwife:
r .;ii,' ■ I ■■! provinciisof SUesia, (p. 11). (See Epidemics).
-2] IC;i;ili.ii:i' .•■■■!-■ Kii,'.''-ii>n syphilis in two towns in Silesia; maoy in-
Icctcdi]!. Ilk iSti; Epidemics!.
3) Case, uhancre cheek, in attendant on a syphilitic, whom he had car-
ried in arms, with his cheek resting on his own (p. 214),
ANALYTICAL BIBUOCRAPilY
Werfel, F. G.
" Dissert. Inaag. med. inquirens
locationem sequuotur vener
Wberry, G. Cambridge, England.
Trans. Ophth. Sac. United King
[., p. do).
Ca»e. cbancre conjunctiva of lower eyelid.
White, Jas. C. Boston. Prof. Dermatology, Harvard University.
Boston Med, and Surg, Journ.. February 4, iSgi, p. 107.
1) Statement: has notes uf ij cases of physicians inoculated in dis-
cbarge of professional duties, and knows of other cases.
2) Once saw midwife, who had delivered 32 wumen, with an open
primary lesion on finger.
White, J. Wm. Philadelphia. Surgeon Univ. Hospital.
Univ. Med. Magazine, I'ioo, H., p. 2(13,
Ca.->c. two chancres of left cheek shown by Mr. Frederick Treves, of
London,
Whitehead. Manchester, England,
Third Report Clinical Hospitals of Manchester. iSjq,
Fourteen cases alleged vaccinal syphilis, between 185(1-1959.
Whitehead, H. R. England. Surgeon British Army.
British Med. Journ.. 1SS9, II., p. 601.
Five cases, syphilitic infection from tattooing (out of a dozen operated
upon) in Landour, India; lattooer had mucous patches on tongue and
gums, and used saliva to cleanse the surface from blood, when water
was not accessible.
Wibmer, C. Munich.
"Das Spyrokolun; eine neue Krankheit im nordlichen Griechcniand."
—Schmidt's Jahrbuther, 1641, XXX., p. 305,
i) Report of 20 cases of " Spiroeolon."
Schmidt's Jahrb., 1841, XXX., p. 3olJ(Hirsch, Handb. der hist.-geograph.
Path., Stuttgart, 1SS3, p. 66.
j) A mention of '■ Frenga."
Widmann, M. Isny, Suabia.
(Letter pubhshed by Hokst, q. v.).
Epidemic from cupping, al Windsheim, 1624. (See Epidemics).
Wiethe, Theodore. Vienna Fin-t Asst, to Dr, Jaeoek.
Allg. Wien, med. Zeitung, iSaa, No, 23, p. 249.
1) Case, chancre right lower eyelid, girl aged iS, from 1 loiv during a
dance (wood-cut ilhisCratiun).
2) Case, chancre eyelid. (Service of Arlt, q, v,).
Wiffpleaworth, Edw. Boston, U. S. A.
Archives of I lermatolog)'. New York, 1879, |j. 374 and New Vork Med.
1) Case, chancre tonsil, physician, from inflating lungs of new-born.
Boston Med. and Surg. Journ., Feb. 4. 1892, p. iib.
a) Refers to a midwife who infected 17 women in Boston, and then went
to Nova Scotia and infected several more there.
Wilcox. U. S. Military Service. Surgeon.
(Observation published by Arthi r, q, v.).
Epidemic of syphihs l!rum tattooing; 26 soldiers infected, (See Epi-
demics).
WUdbore, F. Brighton, England.
British Med. Journ., 1861, I,, p. 464,
Case, svphilis from secondary inoculalion, "infection of wife and
of!spriug."
3S4 SYPHILIS INSOSTIVli
WUdhagen, F. C. Drammen, Norway. City Phvsician.
" SypilisatioB udfcirl i Drammens Sygchuus," Norsk. '^^ f<T LaeB^vid..
Chnstiania, i£6o, p. 93S <Beiiiiem)'s " S)~pliilidolog:ie." N. R., iBba. p.
1) Case, cbancre upper lip, female aged la.
2) Case, chancre upper lip. female aged 30. room-male of previons
3) Case, dry-nurse, aged 36. infected by infant.
4) Case, chancre left breast, nurse frotii nursling.
Wilks. London, Guy's Hospital.
Phila. Med. News, Vol, LX.. 1S93, p. 264. (Reported by Robbins).
Case, infectiun of a surgeon who cut finger while operating apon a
syphilitic.
Willcmin.
Memoir sur le Bouton d'Alep., 1554.*
Willemoes.
" Afhandling om den i Skotland herskende Sibbens v. Syphilis msoatinm
med. Iftnsyn 111 den norske Radesvge," Biblioth. f. Laeger, , Kj^benh.,
iBio, II., 25,4a* (quoted by BoECK, " Traits d. 1, Radesyge," iSto,
P- 49)-
A comparison of Sibbens vfith Radesyge.
Willi, J, V. Cnlmar.
■■ De morbis caatrensis intemis," Hafnia;, 1679 (Girta.'sncr, No. 525).
Case, syphilis acquired bykiising.
WillianH, A.
St. Louis Med. and Surg. Joum., i-SSi, XL., p. 424.
Case, chancre right middle finger, man aged 4S, alleged to be from
operali'iti on fistula in a horse,
Willams, R. Liverpool
Liverpijo] Medico-Chirurgieal Joum., 1684, IV., p. 1135.
CaI^t:, chancre conjunctiva bulbi ; nurse infected by nutsling. her niece.
Wills, D.
"Remarks on Sibbens. ■■ Month. Journ. Med. Sci., Edinb.. 1644. IV..
pp. a33-j*ij, also, Dublin Quart, Juum, Med. Sci., 1B44, XXV.. pp.
j4'i-354."
Wilson, Wm.
Journal of Cutaneous Medicine 1S7] p. 259
Las nfant fected bj nurse tb aunt and infects
z) It motht. cl a c e f breast and
3 Ih ee case sle s and brother probable cbancre of fauces,
fom p f dng
W tsh e Ro a Infirrnarj for S ck Children,
m .i C mm is on 1S07, p. 364.
u s ^ \ exa t d,ita supplied).
W ndheuse E raa f
J e an K n
a k ng by syphilitic husband.
f Der u ^>pli
AyALYT/CAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 3«S
Statistics: of 5396 cases of syphilis, ajg (4.61 per centOi were extra-
genilal: of tiiese, males. 50; Temales, 99: ctailaren, too.
Woillez. Paris. H&p. Lariboisiere.
(Reported by Okv. q. v. "Contrib. . . . syph. raallgnes prfcoc," These
de Pans, 1B75).
Cose, chancre upper lip.
Won /
(Reported by Rithenberc q. v. ■• De syph. ab aliis atque a part.genit.,"'
1S30).
I) Case, child infected by dry-nurse, from chewing its food.
3) Case, mother of above child, infected per os.
Wolfe. Glasgow. Anderson College, Prof, of Ophthalmology.
" Diseases and Injuries of the Eye," 1682 (id edit).
Two cases, chancre of the eyelid.
Woia; A. Strasbourg.
"Syph. hered. tarda." Volkmak-n's Samml. klin. Vortr., i836. No. 373.
Ca.se. chancre index linger, in midwife (service of WtiGER) p. ^^l^.
Wood, Wm. C. Gloversville. N. Y.
New York Med. Joum.. iSSS, XLVII., p. 184.
1 ) Case, chancre of finger in a barber.
3) Case, chancre knuckle, from blow on month of a syphiLtic (personal
communication}.
Wright, W.
'■Syphilis in Canada, as denoted by Sibbens." Med. Chron., Montreal,
i9S5, 11., pp. a99-303.-
YakimoTitch, N. N.
Russian Derm, and Syph. Soc. Meeting, Jan. 3, iSgi (Annales de Dcrra.
et de Syph., i8i)i, p. 137}.
Case, chancre right tonsil, source unknown.
Yvaren, (See Rognetta).
Zabolotski. Moscow, Russia.
Med. Oljosrenaie, i S84, No. 5, p. 46f) (Cited by De Beck, q. v.), also (Revue
g^n^r. d'Ophthalm., 1884, p. 325).
Case, chancre of right uppier eyelid, from kiss, male 33 years of age.
^akhvevitch, V. M. Kharkov, Russia.
Trans. Kharkov Med. S(>c., 1S87, Vol. II., 1888, p. iQ{St. Louis Med. and
Surg. Joum.. iSflg, LVI., p. 106).
Eighteen cases of syphilitic infection through promiscuous use of
8p<n>ns. tumblers, etc. ; in most o£ the cases, the primary lesion was
in the oral or faucial regioa.
(See Depaui.).
1 wu L-uses uf vaccinal sj'philis.
Zarewlez. Krakau. Hosp. St. Lazarus.
Eight tases, chancre female breast. (See GlCck).
Zecchinelli.
Annali universali di mudicina, Nos. 39.335' {Cited by Rollet "Traite,''
etc., i3(i6, p. 464).
An original account of Facaidina.
ZdsK.
Allgem. Wiener med. Zeit'g, 1877 (WiNDHEt;siiii " Initialscl. am Kinn,"
Inuiig, Dissert, Bonn, iSgo, p. ig).
Two cases, chancre of chin, one following a bite, the other from a kiss,
Zetssl, Hermann. Vienna. Univ. Prof, of Syphilis.
Wochcnbl. derK. K. (Jesells. d. Aerate in Wien, iaCii,Nus. 4S, 49. (Lchrb.
der Syphilis, 3d Edit., Stuttgart, 1875, p. 25).
386 SVPHIUS INSONTIUM
i) Case, chancre of lip, in a soldier,
i) Case, chancre pf arm, physician, inoculation from above case.
3) Case, Eustachian-sound infection, chancre of fauces, perforating
vehim palati, (Part II., p. 37).
4) Case, chancre chin, man aged 33.
j) Case, chancre right cheek, from kiss.
6) Case, chancre right index finger, back oflast phalanx, attendant aged
65, in Foundling Asylum (plates of last three).
Allgem, Wien, med. Zeit'g, 1S77, p. 309 (De Beck, q. v., p. 7).
7) Statistics; among 40,0011 syphilitic patients, two cases chancre of
AUgem. wien. med. Zeit'g. 1S78. Nos. 2-7.
6) Ca>ie, chancre ball of left thumb, roan aged sS, from bite.
9) Case, chancre left breast, from bite.
(Reported by Fisgeh q. v. Archiv f. Derm. u. Syph., 1881, p. 373>
10) Case, chancre upper lip, soldier aged so.
Allgem. Wien. med. Zeit'g. 1883.
11) Case, chancre of lip, (p. 54).
12) Ca-se, chancre of tongue, (p. 314).
Archiv f. Derm. u. Syph., 1884, p. 547.
13) Infection of Prof. Zeissl, May. 1S70; chancre of finger from woundin
opening bubo.
Zeissl, Maximilian, Vienna.
Allgem. Wien. med. Zeitung, iB3a, p. 306,
i) Case, chancre of nipple m mother, from her own hereditarily syphi.
litic child ; exception to Colles' Law [case of LCth q. v.).
Archiv f. Derm. u. Syph., 1SS7, p. at)8.
a) Personal account of "Skerljevo" mostly late syphilis, frequently
with history of being acquired in early life.
Z'eleneff.
London Med. Recorder, Oct. ifigo, p. 397.
l) Nine cases, extra-genital infection.
Vratsch., i8i)t, p, 213 (Journ. of Laryngology, July, 1891, p- 277).
1) Ca.se, chancre of hp, m a soldier.
3) Case, chancre of the tonsil in a. man,
Zewecke, V. A. SI. Petersburg. Clinic of Prof. Tahsowskv, (q. v.).
Riisskaja Medizina, iflgfa. (Cited as Lewkke, in Monatsh. (. prakt. Derm.,
iriSa, p, 314).
Two cases, chancre of tonsil. Eustachian -catheter infection.
ZingnliB.
(Citeil by Mekz, Joum. ries mal. cutai
Case, infection of mother by child ;
Zucker, J,
Zcil-iihrift f. Ohrenheiikunde, 1884, p. 167.
i.:i.-.c, chancre of cstenial ear from tongue.
Zuriaga, M. Valencia, Spain,
1.^ C.inica Medica, 1S91, XIV., p. 311.
A study of vaccinal syphilis, citing cases from Sicnokini, and I
Zwetitch, M.
"Sur la chancre syph. hypertroph,," These de Paris, 1884.
i) Four cases, chancre of lip (Gtimorr, 3 ; Fourmek, i).
3) Three cashes, chancre of chin (F.iurnieb).
3) Two cases, chancre of cheek (BARTtiiLEMV, and Mauwac).
4) Case, chancre of finger (Mauriac).
INDEX'
A alborg, epidemic fTom glasshlowing at,
Abo, e{ndcmic front cupping a[, iix.
Abortion, effect ofsyphiliiill producing, 19S.
Abscess, infection by opening, 191.
Abyssinia, syphilis in, 10.
AcaruB scahici, its rftle in ihe communica-
tion of lyphilia, 112, 194.
Aeddetital proressiooal wounds, infection
by, 190, 191.
Accouche men I, epiJemics of syphilis from,
115-117. 119. "«. "3. 177. '78.
Accoucheurs, infecteiJ with syphilis, zo,
28, 174, 175.
syphilis conveyed by, 177, 178.
Aerial tranamiisiun of syphilis, 19, xo,
169, .76.
Afghanistan, Hyphilis in, 9.
Africa, syphdisin, 9, 10, liz.
Ages of patients with exlra-genital chan-
cres, perional cases, 38.
Aikin, epidemic from vaccination at, 121.
Alaska, syphilis in, 11.
Aleppo Evil, 17, 136.
Alexandria, epidemic from vaccinatien at,
syphilis in, g. 10.
Algiers, epidemic from vaccinalional, 122.
syphilis in, g.
Attembourg, epidemic from brenst-draw-
Altorf, epidemic from cupping and phleb-
otomy a(, 1 1 J.
Amboyna I'uslulc, 17. 127. izS,
American Dermalological Associalion,
■tltislics oF syphilis for 14 years, 200.
Anal and pcri-genilal chancres, 25, 30, 33.
Andemacn, epidemic from vaccination at.
Antiquity of syphilis, 2.
Anas, chancre of the, 20, 30, 147, 14S.
Arabia, syphilis in, 9.
Arkansas, epidemic from vaccination i>i. 1 21
Arm, fore, chancre of, 30, 37, 104, 151, :7
Armenia, syphilis in, 9.
teals, as a cause of syphilis, . ,
Asia, syphilis in, 8.
Minor, syphilis in. 9.
Assaycrs' syphilis, 18, 154.
Astragal aJld Calibura, epidemic froi
lactation at, 121.
Attendants, infection ol, 19, 27, iG(i-fj:
176.
Auray, epidemic from vaeclnalion at, 121
Australasia and Oceonica, syphilis in, iz.
Austria, epidemics of syphilis in. 115, 11;
119, 121.
Auslro-llungary, syphilis in, 7, 30.
Aitilla, chancre of the, from opening a
abscess, igi.
Bamberg, epidemic from Liipping al, ii;
llanda^es, infectiun by, 20, 14S.
ltink-no[.-s. infection by, 156.
Biskra Bouton, 17, I
388 INDEX
Biting, inrection from, 18, 23, 151, 15a.
Carrying or supporting, infectioQ by eon-
Blood, infection by the, 13.
tact in. iS, 19, 153, 170, 171.
Blood-letting, epidemic of syphiliB from.
Cashiers' syphilis, iS, 155, 156.
115.
Blowpipe, infection from, 154.
from lactation at, I2t.
Blunt instruments, infection by, 191, IQJ.
Castellania, epidemicfrom chewing pap at.
Boalalumeasca, 01 lemalqui court lemonde,
166.
6, 137.
Causes of the spread of syphilis, 107, 108.
Bones, evidence of syphilis, furnished by
Caustic-holders, infection from, 193.
prehistoric. 3, II.
Caioreiio and Ubaldo, epidemic from
Boutons d'Amboitie, 17, 127. 12S.
lactation at, 12a.
Braiil, syphilis in, 11.
Central Africa, syphilis in, 10.
Breach of promise, syphilis a complete
Cephalic contact, infection from, 17G.
defence for, 207.
Chalice, infection from the, 146.
Breast, chancre of the, 15. 30.
Chancre, appearance and characters of.
countrieswhere most common, 31.
in young married women, 34-87.
as a source of the virus, 23.
personal cases, 37, 84-87,
i^u Sahara, 17, 136.
relative frequency, 31.
Charles Vlir.. syphilis spread by the army
from breast -drawing, iSo-lSz.
of, 114.
from kissing, 86.
Chavanne-I,ure, domestic epidemical, 118.
from nursing, S4-B6, 159, 160,
Cheek, chancre of the, 25, 30.
from scratch, in a male, 152.
personal cases, 37, 91-95.
from soiled dressings, 148.
relative frequency, 33.
drawing, epidemics of syphilis
from attendance, 176.
from, 116-118, 120, 122, i8o-
from a hite, 151.
182, 202.
from contact with a syphilitic
infection from, 20, 176, :8o-i82.
infant, 171.
Brepholrophic syphilis, 19, III, 142, 158-
from a pinch, 152, 153.
171.
from raior wounds, 92-95, 191.
Brive, epidemic by accouchement at, 122.
from a scratch, 152.
British A meiica, syphilis in, 11.
from sucking a wound, 178, 1 79.
Brunn, epidemic from cupping and blood-
from a towel, 148.
letting at, 115.
Chewing food, infection from, 19, 166.
Brush, electric, infection from, 193,
Chin, chancre of the, 25, 30.
Buccal cavity, chancre in, 25, 30.
personal cases, 37, 97.99.
countrieswhere most common, 31.
relative frequency, 33.
chancre from conductor's whistle,
from kissing, 97.
'SS-
from razor cut. 97, 98.
from nursing, 86.
China, syphilis in, 8.
contact, infection from, 150-152,
Chinese literature of syphilis, z.
168, 176. 178-183.
infection in industrial relations.
veyedin. 177.
'53-'55-
Cigars and cigarettes, infection from, 45.
through an open wound, 178-1S0,
52. 54. 5^. 58-60, 62, 146, 147.
without open wound, 180-183.
Circumcision, epidemics from. II7, llS,
Bugle, infection from, 154,
Buttocks, chancre of from contact In
as a means of syphilitic infection.
sleep, 170-
19, 29.30, 179, 180.
from incision of furuncle, 191, 192,
syphilis, how first known, 201.
Billion Scurvy, or Morula of Ireland, 132.
relative frequency, 33.
Clandestine prostitution, effect upon, by
/^adaver, syphilis contracted from, 20,
^ 173.
examination ofthe men, 206.
Clarionette, infeclion from a, 154.
Cane, infection from a, 18, 150.
Classification of the modes of infection of
Caneotica. 17. I36.
syphilis, 17-21.
Uanislrello. epidemic from lactation at, 6,
Clerks, syphilis in. 18.
W tjS, .6..
Cloth, infection from piece of, 167.
C.irdciUac, epidemic from vaccination at,
Clothes dealers' syphilis, 18.
Clothing, infeclion from cast off, 156.
INDEX 389
Coblenr, epidemics from lactalion and vne-
Dental instruments, infection from, 19, 20,
cm«i«nat. M7, i.8
90, 9i. 190.
Coccjn, chancre over, in rowi of 45 years,
Demists innoculaled with syphilis, 2c^
persona] case, 105. 106.
175-
Coins, inreclioD rrnm, 155, 136.
Diapers, infection from. 19,
Coilu»pretemaluralis,infeclLonfrom, 64-66.
Diffusion of syphilis, modes of. 3. 4.
Colles'law, definition of, 159.
Digital contact, infection by, 152, 153,
enccptionsn), 19, 13,159.160,111.
168, 169, 174. 177. 178. ,
Cologne, epidemic from breast-drawing al,
nS
156, 157.
Columbus, syphilis imported by Ihe fol-
in professional relations. 177, 178.
lowers of, 114.
Disease of St. Paul's Bay, 17, I2g.
Combs, infection from. 19, 149. '67-
Distribution of syphilis, 5. 108.
Commodes, infeclion froui, 18, 149.
Divisions of non-venereal syphilis, 15, 17,
Communion cup, infection from, 146.
MO. 111.
Conceptional syphilis, case of, 75, 76.
Domestic and social relations, infection in.
Condfi, epidemic from breast.drawing and
18. I43-M5-
UcUliona., 117.
Conductors' syphilis, iS, 154, 155.
epidemics from, 118. 123.
Csntact in arms, infection from, 171.
Drawing instrument, infection from, 150.
in bed, infection from. 170.
Dressings, infection fromsurgical. 148, 193.
Contagious diseases prevention acts, ol
Drinking glasses, infection from, iS, 143"
England, 8, 103. ^04,
145. '66.
Contagious diseases, syphilis placed in
Druggists, syphilis in, 18.
category of, 203-207.
Dyke builders of Holland, syphilis among, 4,
Cooks, syphilis in or from, 18, 144.
Cork, epidemic of syphilis from breast-
"Csx, chancre of the, 30.
C personal case, 37, 101. 102.
diawing at, 116.
Coughing in lace, infection from, 20, 176.
relative frequency. 33.
Countries where governments have exerled
from a bite, 101. 102, 151.
control over syphilis, 303.
Eastern Africa, syphilis in, 10.
CourUnd, syphiloid of, 133.
Ealing and drinking, infection from, 18,
Cradle, infection from, 19, 167.
143-146.
Ciemona, epidemic from vaccination at,
Economic syphilis, definition of, HI.
117,
r^n^-A .r.i^.m;rfrnTT,v5Wm.ImTi nl I in
Eciema, virus gaining entrance at site of.
\^soiiuui, cpiueniiL irumvauLiiLKiiuu ni, itv.
Cupping, communication of syphilis by,
Egypt, syphilis in, 9, 10, (2a.
20, 30. 184, 185.
Endemic syphilis, ill, U4-142.
epidemics of syphilin from, 7.
England, epidemics of syphilis in, 116.
MS, 119, 121-123, 184,185.
130, 122, 123.
and phlebotomy, relative fre-
legal control of syphilis in, 203,
quency of chancre from, 33.
204.
Cups, infection by use of, 18, 19. 143, 166.
Epidemic syphilis, first record of, 113,
Cutting instruments, iofectiou by means of,
114.
189-191.
rapid spread of, tio.
and endemic syphilis, reason for
r\elinition of syphilis, 2.
\J brepbotrophica, ill.
diminution in severity, 13B.
Epidemics of ^hilis, earlier descriptions
confounded with other diseases,
econotnica. .11.
their diminution with advancing
pandemiea, no.
knowledge, III.
over Europe, 1I6.120.
of Central Germany and Swi tier-
Delhi Boil, 17. 136.
land, ..5.
Dellys, MalKabyical, 131.
in recent limes, 13S.
table of. 115-123.
DCDnurli, syphilis in, 7, 118, 122,
Norway and Sweden, statistics of
123.
extra-genital chancres from, 30.
over the whole world, 119-123.
59°
INDEX
)
Epidem
ici from accouchement, [7,115-117,
Eyelid.
chancre of the, 25, 30.
119, 122, 123, 177, 178.
personal cases, 37, 95-97.
from application of lonfiue to eye,
17. 123, 182, iSj.
acquired during pnnariiion, 170.
from breasl-driwing, 17, 116-118,
from application of the tongue.
iza, 112, iSo-182, 20>.
182. 183.
from circumcision, 17, 33, 117,
from contacl during sleep, in an
lis, 121. 122
infant, 170.
from cupping, 7, 17,33, 'IS. "9.
from coughing in the face, 176.
from a glove, I48.
from eating and drinking, and
from baudkerchief, 149.
domestic propagation, 17, I18,
from incision of a stye, 192.
123.
from kissing, 151, 168.
from mother's and also nune't
17. 111-123.
inf:cted fingers, in an infant.
165.
from handling coat-uif clothing.
from opera glass. 149, 150.
156.
from a towel, 96, 14S.
from handraising of infanta, 17,
from wash-water, 193.
116, 1 2D.
from washing clothes, 156.
from lactation, 6, 17, 116, 117,
Eyelid
and conjunctiva, chancre of the.
119-171, 157.166.
30-
frequency of chancre of, 31, 3a.
froir sheltering wayfarers, 115,
from tattooing, 17, 119, 122, 123,
Cacaldina, 6, 17, 129.
183, 1S4.
r F
ce, chancres of the, causes of intec-
iion in. 33.
122, 186 iBq. '
Facial
ontac^ infection by, i;6.
Eslhonia. syphiloid of, 133.
Fart he
India, syphilis in, 8.
Europe
epidemics of syphilis over, ii6-iig.
Faymo
syphilis in, 5,
at, 1
0.
Eustachian calhcleriiation, epidemics of
Feeding-bottles, infection from, 165.
syphilis from, 121-123.
Femair
s. relative frequency of genital siid
how its dangers were lirst known,
genital chancres in, 26-28.
Feu <ie
volupt^, 8.
infection with syphilis by, 10,
Finger
27. 3*. <9Z. '9J-
of syphilis, 16S, 169.
location of piijnary syphilitic
chancre of, personal cases, 37.
lesion, 192. 193.
73-84.
£»min
alion of [he men instead of the
from assorting rags, 156.
n, 206, 207.
from a bite, 151.
Exftmin
alions, syphilis communicated in,
from cr.iniolomy, 175.
'77-
78.
from drawing instrument, 150.
Erlra-t
enital chancres, clinical appear-
from dressing a chancre. 15a.
ances of, 3;.
from infected clothing, 81, 82.
diflJcuHy in recognition of, loS.
from operation upon piles. 194.
of. 24-29.
from soiled linen, 1 56.
frequency of occurrence in 2,000
from wound by Vioue of cadaver.
personal cascE of syphilis, 31J.
173-
general consi.leralions, 14.
in adults, 16S.
location of, 24. 25, 29-35, 37-
in a barber. 152.
true percentage uf. 2b,
in a dentist. 175.
personal cases, clinical consider-
in midwives, 27, 16S. 177, 178.
ations. 35. 36-
in a nurse, 16S.
relative pnipuilion in private and
in physicians. 74-81, 109, 173.
public practice, jf..
Fmgers
Kye dis
nses, svphiUs communicaLed in Lhe
lesion
, 194-
trealmenlof. 1S2, 1S3,
andhand, chancrcsofthe, 15, 30.
Rngws, chancre of, occupations favoring,
anil rulalive frequency of, 3
Finnlund, epidemics of syphilis in, i
114.
Fiumc, epiilemic from
Klute, infection from a, 154
Foot, chancre of, from shoe peg, 148.
Forearm, chancre of the, jo, 151, 171.
personal coses, 37, 104, to5.
Forehead, chuicre of the, 25.
from incison of a furuncle, 191.
Forehead and temple, chancre of the, 30.
relalive Irequency of. 33.
Forks, infeelion from use of, 18, 143, 144.
Forms of syphilis, 13.
cndcmica, 17, I34'i37.
Fort Smith, epidemic from vaccination at,
Foumier, non-vencreal syphilis in females
in private practice of, 17, 28.
Fr»mlKC»ia, 17. 134, 135.
France, epidemics of syphilis in, 116-12Z.
syphilis in, 3, 6.
Belgium and colonies, statistics of
eKlra-genila! chancres, 30.
Fred rick sborg, epidemic from vaccination
hii ""■"' "
Germany, epidemics of syphilii' in, 115.
Switzerland and Holland, slatis-
lica of exlra-gcnital chancres
Generation, rfftcl of syphilis upon, 19S.
Glassblowers' syphilis, iS, 39, 154.
Glaiiblowing. upidemics of syphilis from,
■ ZO-121, 154.
Gtalics, drinking, infection from use of, iS,
l43-'4fi. 166.
Glove, inffuliot. from a, 148.
Granos Eygihilis in llunduras, it,
GratE, epidemic from Uttiuiii^ al, 119.
Grcot Britain ami Ireland, sypliiln In, ;, 8.
Great Britain, Irelanil and colonies, !ita-
tistici of extra-geiiilal chancres from, jo
Greece, syphilis in, d.
Greenland, syphilis in, 11,
Greenville, epidemic from
Groningen, epidemic from breast -drawing
at. 117.
Grosse Vcrole, 114.
Grumcllo, epidemic from vaccination at,
]i8.
Guillotine, infection by cutting cigar in,
147.
Gum. chancre of the, 30, 190.
, chancre of the, personal cases,
37. 99-
from handling casl-olT clothing.
152.
"51.
Hand feeding of infants, epidemics of
syphilis from, 19, 116, t20.
Handkerchiefs, infection from, iS, 149.
Hal, infection from a, 148,
Hawaiian Islands, syphilis in the, 12, 199.
Hereditary syphilis, easel, effects, evils,
and mortality of, 15, 17, Z2, 27, I97-199.
Herpes, virus of syphilis gaining entrance
at site of, 21,
Hesse, syphiloid of, I3J.
Hindostaii. syphilis in, 9.
Hip, chancre of, from contact in bed, 153.
Holland, epidemics of syphilis in, 1 16. 1 17.
hyphdisin, 4,
Honduras, syphilis in ; Granos, 11,
Hong Kong, syphilis in, 8.
Hotel priijirietor, his duly toward con-
tagions diseases, zo6.
Housemaids' syphilis, 18, 155.
Hungary, epidcmicsof syphilis in, 116, 110.
Hygiene, in the prophylaxis of syphilis.
land, syphilis in, 3,
Implements and utensils, infection
from, 143-146.
India, syphilis m, 9,
Indian trilies, effect of syphilis upon, 199.
ians, American, syphilis among the, 1 1.
ividual prophylaxis, 200-202.
ustrial transmission of syphilis. iS, l>3-
S8.
Infiincy, accidental infection in, 37,
' ' nts with acquired syphilis, methods of
ifecliun^.f i&O.
fnfection by .tltendance on syphilitic In-
fiinls, 166-171.
by cefihalic (buccal or facial) con-
176.
167-169, 177-
Infection by nutrition of inrants, 158-165.
by one woman, or 300 men " '
helero-, by inolhet's act, ll
iniiDedJaleimiJ mediate, defii
.. of, 2
. i3-
InHaling lungfl of new-bom, syphili:
caused by. 10, 76.
Inguinal region, ctiancie of, from contact
in bed, 1^.
Inherited syphilis, 15, 17.
absence of initial le&ion in, 32.
ftnm father alone, 23.
Initial lesion, appearance anil characters of.
Innocent syphili. 5, 195.
relative frequency of and per.
centages in males and females,
27-29.
Innsbruck, statistics from Dr. Lang's clinic
in, 25.
■ ' icl, infection by, iSj-
185.
Inten
I prnfes,
]na1 V
c from breast-drawing ii
syphilis in, 2, G.
spread by the invasion of by
Charles VIII., 2, 114.
apan, syphilis in, 8-
Japancse literature of syphilis, 3.
Jaw, chancre of, personal case, 93, 94.
ugs, infection from, tS, 143.
Jutisli Peninsula, syphilis in the, 7.
J
Ji
jutisli Peninsula, syphilis in the, ;
Jutland, syphiloid of, 133, 134.
1/ artoum, syphilis in, 10.
I V Kasan, extra-genital syphilis in, I4I.
Kissini;, as a cause of syphilis, iS, 19, 23,
150, 151, 16S.
chancre of the lip from, 41'44,
46, 49. 50. S^. S3. 62, 150,
151, 168.
Klein-russlanri, syphiloid of, 133, 134.
Knives, infection from, iS, 143, 144.
K(>nigBberg. epidemic from Eustachian
cathelcriiation at, Iti.
Krakau. epidemics from circumcision at,
■ 17, m8. I
Labrador, syphilis in, it.
Lactation, epidemics of syphilis from, ,
116, 117. 119-121, 161-165.
syphilis commumcaleii by, 19,
I58-I65-
Laundresses, syphilis In, 18, 156.
Law for controlling the spread of syphilii,
Lebus, epidemic from vaccination at, isa.
Leech-bites, a medium of syphilitic tram-
Leeds, epidemic from breast-drawing at,
116.
Leg, chancre of. from an electric brush, 193.
from sucking a wound, 179.
Leg and thigh, chancre of, 30.
Legal control of syphilis, 202-207.
responsibility in communicating
syphilis, 207.
Lepra Siberica, an endemic syphilis of
Siberia, 137.
Lfipre Kabyle, 9. 10, 17. 132, 133.
Leprosy, mistaken for syphilis, 112.
relation to Kadesyge, 127.
Ups, chancres of, 25, 30, 37, 3g-6a.
personal cases, 37, 39-£2.
relative frequency, 31, 39.
sex of patients with, 39.
frjm artificial flower making, [$5.
from assayer'a blowpipe, 154.
from a bassoon, 154.
from a bite, 151.
from a bugle, 154.
from cigarette smoking, 55, 56.
from cigars, 45, 54, 58-60, 146,
from coins, 155.156-
from common use of cup, 45, 46.
from denial instniments, 190.
from drinking vcskIs, 144, 145,
from feeding-bottle, 165.
from infected finger, 168. 169.
from furrier's thread, 155.
from gum paste, 155.
from kissing, 4i<44, 46, 49, 50^
52. S3. 6a. 150. 'S'. 168.
from lead pencil, 57, 58.
from paper cutter, used as tongue
depressor, 174.
from pen held In mouth, 174.
from a spoon, 144.
from upholsterers' tacks, 155.
Liquid substances, the medium of syphilitic
infection, 186-lSg.
Lint, infection from. 14S. 180. 193.
Lithuania, syphiloid of, 133.
syphilis in, 7.
Location of extra-genital chancres, 24, 35,
29-35-
personal cases, 37.
Lnmbardy, epidemics from vaccination in,
e Hopital, statistics fro:
INDEX 393
LunDor TcHon, chancre of, from contact in
Middle German Sutes, syphilil in, 7.
bed, .53
Middlcbourg epidemic from breasC-Jraw-
Lungs, syphilis from inflating, ao, 176.
Luponi, epidemic from vaccinatiOD at, 119.
Midi, Hfipilal du, sUtistics from, aS-
Mid-jfives, infection of, 27, 174, 175.
118.
syphilis conveyed by, 177, 178.
Milan, epidemic from breast-drawing near.
M' SuTTnEUis, ot'drsl^wofSt. Paul's
120.
Milk, infection through [he. 19, 13, 164.
Bay, II, 118.
Minor surgery, infection by, 20, 191, 192.
Fran^aiB, 114, 132.
Modes of diffusion of syphilis, 113, 114.
Kahyle. 9. 10, 17, 132, 133.
of infection of syphilis, classi&c^
Napolitain, identity with Mai
tionofthe, 17-21.
Kabyle, SyphilU, and Mai
in syphilis brephotrophica, 19.
Fran^ais, 132.
economica, 18.
Portugias, 8.
cpidcmica, 17.
de Bnum, epidemic of, 7, 115,
.84.
technics, 20.
de Chavanne-Lurc, epidemic of,
u8, .44. "45.
Molucca Islands, syphilis in the, 12.
de Chicot, 12S.
Money, infection W means of, 155. 156.
Monlecalini di val di Nievole, epidemic
de Fiumc, or ScherljevD, lag, 130.
de Naples, 114, 133.
from lactational, 121.
de Saint Euphemie, epidemic of,
116.
des Espagnols, 114.
Montlufon, epidemic from glass-blowing
at. 12[.
Montmorcnci, epidemic from lactation at.
det Ottawag, 11.
116.
di Breno, 6, 17, 131.
Morbus Dithmarensis, contagiousness.
diScarlievo, or Schcrljevo, lag.
130.
I2g, 139.
Haladie de Berreshof. an endemic disease
Gallicus, 114.
in Siberia, :37.
Morocco, syphilis in, 9.
de Dilmarsh, description of, 128,
Mortality in hereditary syphilis, 197, 19B.
129.
Morula, description, nature, symptom!,
d'Egeriund, identity with Rad^-
treatment, etc., IT, 133.
Mouth, chancre of, from dental work, 190.
syge, 126.
MsIiT Archipelago, syphilis in, S, 9, 127.
from handkerchief. 149.
Manual contacl, itifection from. 174.
from lactation, 179.
MarcaLe, epidemic from lactation at, 120.
from raising uvula with finger, 177,
Uarital syphilis, or syphilis e coitu Icgit-
froai speaking-tube, 155.
iroa, :s.[7.
from tobacco pipe, 146.
its relation to syphilis insontium,
from tooth brush, 149.
'96;t97- ,
personal case, 43, 44.
Mucous patches, most prolific source of
Marsh disease, 7.
syphilitic eonlagion, 23, log.
Kiankheit. or Morbus Dithmaren.
Musical instruments, infection from, 154.
sis, 12g,
Musicians' syphilis, 18. 154, 155.
Marsksygdom. or Morbus Dilhmarensis,
128, 1 29.
\]apkins, infection from, 167.
V\ Naples, epidemic from vaccination.
Mask, infection from a. 14S.
Medical attendants, infected in their calling,
al, 1 19.
20. 174. "75-
177.
203.
Neck, chancre of the, 25, 30.
considerations, in syphilis in-
from a bile. 151.
«,nlium, ,96-198.
from carrying a woman, 153.
Hen, examination of, 206, 207.
from contact with infant, tCiS, 171.
Mercantile Marine, syphilis in the, .99. 200.
from court plaster, 103. 104, 148.
Methods of (he spread of syphilis, 107-1 10.
Mexico, syphilis in, 11.
37, 103, IQ4.
:s exhumed in,
New York City, HCCoTamodalions for lyph.
ilitics in, 204.
number of syphilitica treated in
Nipple a» conveyer of syphilitic virus, 19,
164, 165.
chaacrc of. from kissing, 15^'
from lactation, itio, 161.
personal cases, S4-87.
Non.reciprocal kisdiig, infection from,
[50. 151.
Non-venereal syphilis, divisions of, 15, 17.
in Fournier's private practice, 27.
personal cages, 35-107.
North America, syphilis in, 11.
Norway, cpitiemic of syphilis in, itS.
and Sweden, syphilis in, 5-
Nose, chancre of Ihe, 15, 30,
from infected finger, 152.
infected during parturition, 170.
personal case, 37, lOO, 101.
relative frequency, 33.
Nubia, syphilis in, 10.
Niirembeig, epidemic from cupping at,
Nut!
"5-
161,
Nursing;, the chief mode of infection in
Kadesygc, ij6.
Nursing- bottles, infection from, 19, 165.
Nurslings infected by nurses, 19, 23, 163,
,64.
Nutrition of infants, infection through,
■\bsletrics, syphilis acquired ir
169, 170. _
Paisive contact, infection by, 153.
Paste or lip gum, infection from, 155.
Pastille, infection from a, 147.
Pencils, infection from, 57, 155.
Pens, infection from, 155.
Percentage of extra-genital chancres, ac-
cording to location, 31-34.
in aooo personal cases, 36.
of syphilis in the United Statei,
Peri-genital chancres, 30.
Per part um, infection of infant, 19, 169, 170.
Persia, syphilis in, g.
Personal cases of extra-genital chancrea,
35-107-
. Personal and household effects, iofedion
from, 147-150,
Philadelphia, epidemic from tattooing at.
Phlebotomy, transmission o( syphilis by,
2o, 30. "5. '9'-
Phymosis, infection by operation for, 191.
Physicians and surgeons infected in manip-
ulative procedures, 174.17s-
Plan. 10, 17. 134-136.
dc Nerac, epidemic from lacta-
tion, known as. 116, 161, 163.
Piles, infection upon finger during opera-
tion for. 194.
Pillows, infection from, 14S.
Pinching, infection from . 18, 152, 153.
Pins, infection from. 18. 88, 89. 150.
for the legal control of syphilis, 105.
Plaster, infection from. 103, 1
Pocken amboynense, descripti
Poland, epidemics from circ
Obstetrics, syphib:
175. 177. >78.
Occupation, influence of, in prodi
syphilis, 2«. I 117, 116.
Opera glasses, infection from, iS, 149, 150. j Porlc-raustiqui
Operations, syphilis acquired in, ir —
191, 192.
Oi>Lrator, infection of, 20, 172-176.
by, 20, 176.196.
04.148-
i conveyers of syphilitic
>• '93'
in, M3'
Pap, infeclion from, 165, 166.
Paranei. .7, 136.
Parasites, transmission of syphilis by, 194.
Paris, epidemic from accouchement at. 1 16.
from Eustachian catheterization
Portugal, the nmount of syphilis in, 204.
Premciio and Caslellania. epidemic from
hand-feeding al, izo, 166.
Primary lesions, location of, 15, 39, 30.
Professional infeclioo, general coniidera.
lions, etc.. 172.174.
Prophylaxis of syphilis, 196, 197,200,201-
Prostilution as a cause of syphilis, 4, 198,
effect of ciamining the men UpQB
clandestine, 206.
its bearing upon the matter of
legal protection against lypfailii^
Sfphilia in, 7.
Psyllc, OS a syphiUFcr, 20, 171
Pucpura, misiakcn for sj'phili
Ragpici
Rag(, infection from,
Kspe, innocent, syphilis cauietl by, 27.
Koior wounds, inftclion in, 20, 190, 191.
Reciprocal kii!>itig. inCcciion by, 150, i;i.
Republican ideax in Uniled Stiles, effect
upon sanitaty police inspection, 304.
Ri^ Hotpilal, slatislics from the. 2$.
RivatiB, epidt^mic from vaccination at, 1 19.
Kire de Gier. epidemics from glaSfr-btowing
Rochcchona
epiden
accouche-
Roumania, syphilis in. 6.
Rovclto, epidemic from lactation at, 120,
KoGnO, efnilemic from vaccination at, 1 19
Ruuia, epidemics of lypliiUs in, 123.
prevalence of syphilis in. 140, 141
spread of syphilis in. 204.
syphilis in, 4. 5.
Poland and Asia, slalistic» of ix
tra.genital chancre from, 30.
S 37- "47-
Sahara, syphilis in, 10.
Sailors, syphilis, sprcnd by. 4, 199, xoc.
Saint Eupheniie, epidemic from accouche-
menial, 116. 177-
Saint Loiare Hfipital, statiitics from, 15,
203.
Saint Maria Nuova, K. Areesped. d., of
Florence, statistics from, 25.
Saliva, as n conveyer of syphilitic virus,
ao. 23'
Scabies, maslting the lesions of syphilis,
112.194.
Scalp, chancre of, acquired durinu pnrluri.
from comb, 149,
Schcrljevo, 6, 17. 129.131.
Schleinitz and Sairt Veil, epidemic from
Shanghai, syphilis in. 8.
Sheeli. infeclioti from, 143.
SheHield, epidemic from accouchement
Shelterinj; wayfarers, epidemics of syphilis
from, 1 15, I iS.
Shoemakers' pegs, infection from, 155.
syphilB, 18.
Shoe peg, infection from, 148.
Sibbens, 7, 17, 115. 116, 192.
Siberia, syphihs in, 8.
Sicily, epidemics of syphilis in, iiS.
Sick chnira, infection from, iB, 149.
Sierra Leone, syphilis in, ■□.
Siewens or Sibbens, endemic syphilis of
Scotland, 125.
Silesii
.■pi.ic«
Schleswick, epidemic from shelterini> way-
farers in, iiS.
Scblcswig Holatein, syphilis in. 7.
Sclnde Boil or Aleppo Evil, 17, 13G.
Scotland, syphilis in, 7.
Scratching, infection from. iS, 151.
Scrofola, its relation lo syphilis, 140.
Scrotam, chancre of, from scari5cstion. 191,
SeeUnd, syphilis in, 6.
Semen, syphilis transmitted by, 23, 24.
Siiigap
aypbil
■n, sv,.l
in. 7.
l,= ut,S.
1;.. diitribul
on of, 125-
'.','.'r',r I'S''
«, .85. 186.
9, 152, 170-
^Llijf.'in th
e question of
,1 i,yphilis, 2
SoldiL-
s, syphil
s spread by.
4. 199.
rnch, K].
lemicfromc
ppingat.115.
Sorren
0, epid
nd.raising of
afou
ndling a
116.
Souda
. sypMh
Sound
. infectio
n l.y use of.
0, 193-
South Africa. «
Amcr
Caroli
fromvaccina-
Spain
nd Port
Bal, 'syphilis
n. 6.
Portugal, Mesici). a
ul Brazil, sta-
sofextra-ge
nital chancres
fron
. 30.
Sppaking-tube.
n feci ion from, 155.
Specul
a. syphi
9 Iransmitle
d by use of,
20, 193.
Spedalskhed, relation lo Radesyge, 117.
Spir.>colon, 6. 17, 131, 133.
Sponges, infection from. 19, 149, 167.
Spoons, infection by use of, iS, ig, 14J,
144. 155. 165, 166.
Sporadic syphilis, definition and divisions
Sprinklers, infection from, in weavers, 154.
Spyrokolou or spirocolon, its identity with
syphilis. 131-
Statiitics of American DermQlological As-
sociation for 14 years, 200.
39^ INDEX
SUlistics of titra-genital chancres from | Sjrj
different countries, 35-34.
in author's practice. zS, 35.
of syphilitic births, 197, 19S.
Sterility, effect of syphilis in causing, i(
Stockholm, epidemic from breast-drawing
Stye, chancre from incision of, 19J.
Submaxillary chancre, frniti contact with
chancre of chin. 153.
Sucking of wounds, infection from, 178, 179.
Sugar teat, infection from, i6j.
Surgeons infected with syphilis, lo, iS, 173.
Surgical dressings, a means of transmis-
sion, io, 148.
Surgical operations, infection in, 191, 192.
Surgical sounds, infection from, 193.
Sweden, epidemics of syphilis In, iiG.
Switzerland, epidemics of syphilis in, 115.
syphilis in, 7.
Syphilifer, operator the, 176-195.
Syphilis, allusions to in the Bible. 2.
among the Mohammedans, 9.
among Eai1oraandgoldier(,4, I99.
antiquity of, 3.
as a venereal and non-venereal
*!=•«:. 13, 111.
brepholrophica, 19. 1 11, 142, 158.
carelessness of patients with, 199.
contracted by operati;ig upon
syphilitics, 177. 17S.
conveyed by the semen, 33, 14.
definition of. z, 3.
demography of, 107, 108.
differs from other infectious dis-
diffuslon by railways, rivers and
canals, 3. 4.
distribution of, 5. 108.
domestic transmission of. 18.
from eating and drinking imple-
ments, iK
e coilu legitima, or marital syph-
n Afghan.sl
a Africa. 9.
n Alaska, 1
^
INDEX 397
Srplims in Scotland, 7.
in Seeland. 6.
nicated by, ao. 189.
in Senegal, lo.
Syphiloid, description, distribution, symp-
in Servu, 6.
toms, etc.. of, 17, 133, 134.
in Shanghdi. 8.
Syphiloids, their relation to syphUls, 191.
in SiberiB, 8.
Syria, syphilis in, 9.
in Sierra Leone, 10.
Syringes, infection from, 19, 30, 149, 167,
in Silesia, 7.
'93-
in Singapore, 8.
inSiika. M.
Tpable I., proportion of eitra-genital 10
1 genital chancres, 25.
in Soudan, [o.
in South Africa, 10.
II,, cases of non-scjiusl syphilis
in South America. 11.
in females in private practice
in Spain and Portugal, 6.
(Fournier), 17.'^
in Switicrland, 7.
III., localisation of extra-genital
in Syria, 9.
chancres, 30.
in Tientsin. S.
IV., personal cases of extra.gen-
in Tunis. 9.
ital syphilis, 37-
in Turkey, 6.
v., ages of patients with extra-
b the United States, 11.
genital chancres (personal
in Western Africa, 10.
cases), 38,
in Western Asia. 9.
VI., epidemics of syphilis, 115-
in the West Indies, 11.
123.
in Wurtembcre. 7.
Tacks, method of Infection by, 155.
in Yokohama, 8.
Tattooing, epidemics of syphilis from, 119,
in Zanzibar, 10.
\2Z, 123. '84-
ingenita, or inherited lyphilis,
'S,
relalive frequency of chancres
'7. 197.
caused by, 33, 34.
innocentiura (or insonliurat.
'3.
syphilis communicated by, 20, 29,
. •■*■'^
30, 104. i8j, 184.
Tavastehus, epidemic from cupping at, 12I.
tions, 5, 14, i;.
ills. 33.
spread, prophylaxis, etc,
141.
185.
insontium sine cnita, mode
of
by wounds of, 151, 152.
infection, 21-23.
Temple, chancre of, 30, 37. loi, 103-
insontium, total personal e
scs,
Tennessee, epidemics from vnctinalion
37. 141-
later cRfects of, 198. 199.
Thread, infection from. :5s.
legal conlrul of, 20Z, 207,
Throat, deep, oral and nasal, chancres of.
Oiodificata. identity with syph-
30. 3'-
iloid. 133. 134.
lesions uf. in Eustachian intectitm,
pandemica, 17, iio, 111, 11
192. 193.
pravorum. or e coitu illicita, i;
•7'
prevalence of, in this coui
fy,
by manipulative procedure, 174,
199, 200.
in midwives, 178.
relations to commercial inter-
personal cjses, 79. 99, 100.
Tien-tsin, syphilis in, 8.
relation to prostitution. 4,
Time, period of, in which danger of infec-
relation to scrofula. 140.
tion isgreatest. 109.
sine coitu, 15-17, 111.
Tobacco and tobacco pipes, infection by
■poradica, 18-zo, 111, 14Z,
58.
use of, 18, 146. 147.
171. 195.
Toilet articles, tnfcclioii from, 18, 148. 149-
spread by wars, fairs, festivals.
Tonga, an endemic syphilis of New Zca-
technica, definition, etc.. of
20.
Tongue, application of to eye, as cause of
in, X42, 17!.
syphilis, 20, 123, iSi. l8j.
^phiUtic bonea exhumed in France
New Orleans, 3, 11.
and
chancres of the, 25, 30.
from dental instrument, 190.
398
Tongue, from own infected finger in ii
from pins, SS, 150.
from shoe makers' pegs, 155.
from spoon, 144.
from tobacco pipe, 14G.
personal cases, 37, 87-91.
relative frequency, 31.
Tongue spatula, as mediutn of trui:
Tonsils, chancres of the, 30.
from nursing- bottle, 165.
from spoon, 144.
modes of infection and retalji
frequency of, 32.
pergonal cases, 37, 47. 61-73.
Toothbrush, Lnfection from, 149.
Toothpick, infection from, 149.
Tooth wounds, infeaion from, 151, 152.
Toppirla, epidemic from cupping at, 1 19
Torre del huse, epidemic from vaccini
TouTcoring, epidemic from breast-drawing
Vaccination syphilis, how it differs from
ordinary syphilis, 18S, 189.
how first observed, 301.
Vagina, infection by explorBtion of. 10.
Vanolition. traniunission of syphilis hf
process of, 20, 189.
Venereal ctinics, statistics from. 2;. 26.
syphilis, reason of its frequency,
109, no-
Vienna, epidemic from
Troches, infection by, 18, 147.
Trunk, chancres of the, 30.
Tunis, syphilis in, 9.
Turkey, syphilis in, 6.
I Idine.
U Ul.
tali.lics ftcm the Aligem. K. K.
Krankenhaus in, 25.
Virus of syphilis, nature, etc, of, a, 107,
Vulva, chancre of, from sponge, 149. 167.
Washing, infection from, 156.
Wash-water, infection from. 19,
10, 167. 193.
Water closets, infection from, 18, 149.
Wearing apparel, infection from, iS, 147,
. infection in, 18, 154.
Western Africa, syphilis in, lo.
Western Asia, syphilis in, 9.
West Indies, syphilis in the, II.
Wetrfupping, syphilis from, 184. 185.
Wet-nurses, infection in, 27. 159,
Whistle, infection from, 154, 155,
Wilbedessen, epidemic from lactation at,
117.
from cupfnng at.
Windsheim, epiden
"5-
n of n
Unclassified
Uncleun inst
:nts and substances, infei
194.
pidemica of syphilis il
hospitals for syphililics
from the, 30.
syphilis in the, 11.
Upholsters' syphilis, 18, 155.
Urinals, infection from, iS, 141
lal Chan
vir;:s:
Wjatka Government, epidemic from ap-
plication of tongue to eye in, 123.
World, diffusion of syphilis throughout. 5.
epidemics of syphilis over the
whole, 1 19-123.
' Wounds, professional, infection in, 190-
192.
Wound sucking, infection from, 20, 176,
.nE-mey-lchoang, 17, 133,
Va«5 or Framlsjcsia. 7, lO, 11. 17,
134-13^
Yokohama, syphilis in, 3.
Ziirich, epidemic from cupping and
sheltering wayfarers at, 115.
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