Full text of "A system of heraldry, speculative and practical, with the true art of blazon, according to the most approved heralds in Europe: illustrated with suitable examples of armoria figures, and achievements of the most considerable surnames and families in Scotland, together with historical and genealogical memorials relative thereto"

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UNE JLACESSET5

SYSTEM

HERALDRY,

SPECULATIVE AND PRACTICAL:

WITH THE

TRUE ART OF BLAZON,

ACCORDING TO THE

MOST APPROVED HERALDS IN EUROPE.

ILLUSTRATED

WITH SUITABLE EXAMPLES OF ARMORIAL FIGURES, AND
ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE MOST CONSIDERABLE SUR-
NAMES AND FAMILIES IN SCOTLAND, $c.

TOGETHER WITH

HISTORICAL AND GENEALOGICAL MEMORIALS RELATIVE THERETO.

BY ALEXANDER NISBET, GENT.

A NEW EDITION.

— —

VOL. I.
EDINBURGH:

PRINTED FOR WILLIAM BLACKWOOD, PRINCE'S STREET, EDINBURGH J
AND RODWELL AND MARTIN, NEW BOND STREET,
LONDON.

1816.

K OCT241967

Alex. Latvrie <§• Co., Printers, Edinburgh.

ADVERTISEMENT.

ollowing SYSTEM of HERALDRY was undertaken by the Author,
about the beginning of the last century, under the patronage of the Parliament of
Scotland, and in dependence on a public pecuniary aid of L. 200, granted in the
year 1 704, for enabling him to execute an undertaking which bore a close
alliance to the honour of the nation.

The liberality of the Parliament having been rendered ineffectual, in conse-
quence of prior assignments on the fund out of which the grant was payable,
the plan of the Author was circumscribed, and the publication of the Work
delayed till the year 1722, when the First Volume was printed at Edin-
burgh, for Mr J. Mackeuen, bookseller, to whom the Author had assigned the
property.

As this Volume was in many respects defective, an Appendix, or Supple-
mentary Volume, was intended by the Author to follow the First Volume; but the
death of that learned and industrious heraldic antiquary, at no great distance of
time, the imperfect state of his collections, and the property passing through dif-
ferent hands, delayed the publication of the Second Volume till the year 1 742,
when it was printed at Edinburgh by Mr Robert Fleming, who was assisted
in preparing it for publication by Mr Roderick Chalmers and other anti-
quaries.

The great utility of this Work, which is universally acknowledged to be of
the highest value and authority, joined to the consideration of its excessive
rarity and enormous price, induced the design of reprinting it.

In committing the Work, a second time, to the press, an opportunity has
been found of retouching the original plates, correcting many typographical
errors, and a very considerable number of mistakes, chiefly in the orthography
of persons and places, and adding a few notes, distinguished by the letter E :
but the Publishers do not wish to be understood as having made any alteration
in the substance, style, or language of the Work.

It is in contemplation with the Publishers to print a Supplementary Volume,
containing corrections of the preceding volumes, -additional examples of Ar-
morial Bearings in Scotland, and a continuation and enlargement of the memo-
rials of our most ancient and considerable families to the present time. As it is
evident that the materials for such a volume mtist be derived from sources of
information inaccessible to the Publishers, they earnestly solicit the communica-
tion of authentic memorials from the Nobility and Gentry of Scotland concerning
their respective families.

EDINBURGH,]
Oct. 24. 1804. I

TO THE

MOST ILLUSTRIOUS PRINCE,

J A M E S

DUKE OF HAMILTON, CHATELHERAULT AND BRANDON,

Marqxiisiof CLYDESDALE, Earl of ARRAN, LANERK, and CAMBRIDGE,
Lord AVEN, POLMONT, M.ACHANSI-IIRE, and INNERDALE, Baron of
BUTTON : And Hereditary Keeper of His Majesty s Palace of Holyroodbousc.

MY LORD,

THE design of the enfuing Treatise being to illustrate and perpetuate
to posterity, in a methodical way, fuch distinguished Ensigns of
Honour as have been bestowed by Sovereigns, especially the Kings of
Scotland, on persons and families of the most distinguished merit, I
could not introduce it more favourably into the world, than under the

DEDICATION.

protection of your most illustrious name, whose noble family has so
signalized themselves in the service of their prince and country, as to de-
serve to be honoured with the highest offices, and distinguished by
the most noble badges of honour, which the Kings of Scotland could
confer.

Your Grace's family, next to the Sovereign's, justly claims the pre-
cedency of all the families of Scotland, not only as being the first Duke,
but also on account of your royal defcent ; your noble ancestor, James
Earl of Arran, being so near in blood to Mary Queen of Scotland, that
he Was declared, in Parliament 1542, t^e fecond person of the realm, and
successor to the imperial crown, in case she died without issue ; and also
regent during her minority.

The merit of your farmfy was not confined to your native country,
but procured considerable honours abroad ; so as the same noble person
was dignified in France with the title Duke of Chatelherault, whose son,
John, was created Marquis of Hamilton, being the first in Scotland who
bore that dignity ; and in England, since the union of the crowns, your
family was honoured with the title of Earl of Cambridge ; and, since the
union of the two kingdoms, with the title of Duke of Brandon.

Some of your ancestors have also been invested with the Royal En-
signs of St Michael in France ; and, ever since the accession of our Kings
to the crown of England, they have been honoured successively with the
most Noble Order of the Garter. As your illustrioxis father had the
honour to be installed in that Order, so also in the royal and most an-
cient Order of the Thistle in Scotland : Which two Orders, in one per-
son, is a singular inftance never before bestowed (that I know of) on
any other subject in Great Britain.

Your Grace having been pleased, of late, to add to the achievement of
the family of Hamilton, &c. those of your mother, the daughter and fole
heir of the ancient and noble family of Digby Lord Gerard of Bromley
in England, I have prefixed them to this address, resolving to blazon and
fpeak more particularly of them in the supplement to this work.

I shall not trouble your Grace with a particular detail of your ancient
and honourable descent, that being already performed by better hands ;
in whose works, the wisdom, valour, and loyalty of your ancestors to
their prince and country, shine with a lustre becoming their grandeur.

So far as falls within my province, I hope, I have done your family
justice in this book, and have nothing here to add but my earnest wishes,
that the advantages of birth, education, and other accomplishments, so
eminent in the person of your Grace, (which to enumerate, were to
offend a modesty usually attending great souls), may be improven to
perpetuate, and, if possible, to enlarge the honour of your family ; and
to let the world know, how much I am,

My Lord,

Your Grace's most humble,

Most obedient, and most devoted servant,

ALEXANDER NISBET.

PREFACE.

AS HERALDRY itself is of a noble extract and original, so the
knowledge thereof is worthy of any gentleman : and, if duly
considered, will be found no less useful than curious ; as tending to
illustrate the histories not only of particular families, but of the nation in
general.

The original design of heraldry is not merely show and pageantry, as
some are apt to imagine, but to distinguish persons and families ; to re-
present the heroic achievements of our ancestors, and to perpetuate their
memory ; to trace the origin of noble and ancient families, and the vari-
ous steps by which they arrived at greatness ; to distinguish the many
different branches descended from the same families, and to show the
several relations which one family stands in to another.

As the practice of heraldry in Scotland is very ancient, so the higher
we trace it, we find arms the more regular and distinct : And of so great
importance to the nation was the regularity and distinction of arms
reckoned by our kings and parliaments, that sundry laws, relative there-
to, have been enacted and published, discharging all persons to assume
arms to themselves without due authority; prohibiting those to carry
arms who had right to none, or those who had right, to usurp the
arms of other men.

Before the modern practice of subscribing names to writs of moment,
which was not used in Scotland till about the year 1540, all such writs
and evidents were only signed with seals, which contributed much to the
regularity of arms : And therefore it was enacted by sundry statutes,
That every freeholder should have his proper seals of arms, and should
either compear himself at the head court of the shire, or send his attorney
with his said Seal ; and they who wanted such seals were to be amerciate
or fined : So that commonly gentlemen sent to the clerk of the court
their seals in lead, who kept the same in his office, to produce or compare
on occasions ; and it was reckoned no less a crime than forgery to coun-
terfeit another man's seal. Vide Regiam Majestatem.

As those seals grew less useful and necessary, so armorial bearings be-
came less regular: And therefore, anno 1592, cap. 125. the Parliament
gave power and commission to the Lyon King at Arms, and his brethren
heralds, to visit the whole arms of noblemen, barons, and gentlemen
within Scotland, and to distinguish them with congruous differences, and
to matriculate them in their books ; as also, to inhibit alj such to bear

iv PREFACE.

•M-m* as by the law of arms ought not to bear them, under the penalty
of confiscating to the king all the goods on which such arms should be
found ; with an hundred pounds to the Lyon and his brethren, and in
case of not payment, to be imprisoned during the Lyon's pleasure. And,
anno 1672, cap. 21. the said act of Parliament is renewed and ratified,
and the Lyon King of Arms is impowered to distinguish arms, and ma-
triculate the same in his books or registers. Which Register is ordained
to be respected as the true and unrepealable rule of all arms and bearings
in Scotland.

Many other instances might be given to prove the regard our ancestors
in Scotland bore to heraldry, their zeal and concern to prevent irregulari-
ties therein. By all which it is evident that they never looked on armo-
rial bearings as an idle amusement, but as a matter of great moment and
importance to the nation.

As the study of heraldry is what my peculiar genius has led me ta
for many years, so I have endeavoured to adapt my studies that way, to
the service of my country, not only by instructing sundry of our young
npbility and gentry in that science, but by composing a complete system
of it for the benefit of posterity. In which I have endeavoured to pro-
secute that subject, both in a scientific or speculative way, and also re-
ducing- the same to practice, by collecting the armorial bearings of most,
if not all those surnames and families that ever made any considerable

ire in Scotland, and applying those bearings for illustrating the parti-
cular history of families among us.

However ignorant or capricious people may censure this undertaking
as idle or useless, yet the Parliament of Scotland, anno 1704, were of
opinion, that something of that nature was very much wanted, and
when finished, would be serviceable to the nation : And were so well
pleased with my proposals for publishing the same, that the better to
enable me thereto, they ordered me two hundred pounds Sterling, pay-
able out of the tonnage on foreign ships ; but that fund not answering
their expectations, and being encumbered with prior assignments, I ne-
ver had a farthing that way, which was the occasion of this book's not
being publi>shed long ago.

The work being chargeable, and my bookseller having undertaken it
wholly on his own risk, I was obliged to confine myself to a certain,
number of sheets. At the time of publishing my proposals, it was
reckoned that the whole might have been contained in about 120, foe-
sides copper-plates ; and the price to subscribers was fixed accordingly.
And though that number of sheets was then judged sufficient to contain
the whole System of Heraldry, according to the view I then had of it,
yet, by reason of sundry new materials which occurred, the book has
already exceeded the foresaid number of sheets, and I have not been able
to overtake sundry particulars which I intended to have treated of; such
as marks of cadency, marshalling of divers coats in one shield, exterior
ornaments, &c. And, upon a more mature deliberation, I find, that in
order to treat distinctly of those particular heads remaining, and to do
justice to many considerable families, which I was obliged either alto-
gether to omit, or treat of very superficially, an Appendix, or Supple-
ment, will be necessary : in which I shall have opportunity both of
correcting any thing amiss, and supplying any thing here omitted.

Had I confined myself barely to a System of Heraldry, as other authors
on that subject have commonly done, I might easily have gone through

P. R E F A C K.. v

all the other parts of if, but the great collections 1 have made of armorial
bearings in Sroiland, and the memorials of particular families, in this
book, are so useful a part of it, that i am apt to think most of my
readers will be better pleased with the method I have taken, than if L had
given them only a dry system of the parts and rules of heraldry,

Though 1 have not been able to overtake somethings in the System of
Heraldry, as 1 at first intended, yet I have explained the True Art of
Klaxon, in a more ample, regular, and distinct manner, than any thing
that I have ever seen on that subject. I have treated of the Rise and
Nature of Arms, the principal Ensigns of Honour on which they hau-
been usually placed, their different Tinctures and Furrs, the Partition
and Repartition Lines, with their Accidental Forms: As also, the different
Figures used in Arms, whether Proper, Natural, or Artificial, with the
different terms of those figures, from their position, situation, and dis-
position in the shield ; together with their various blazons and significa-
tions, according to the sentiments of those who have written in Latin,
Italian, German, French, and English.

As I have treated of all those particular heads very fully and distinctly,
so I have illustrated them, and the several rules relative thereto, by
suitable examples of armorial bearings ; principally taken from those of
our own nation, and failing them, from those of other nations over all
Europe; so that I may justly call it an Universal System, not calculated
for Scotland only, or any particular country, but answering to the re-
gular practice of heraldry through the world. Notwithstanding of which,
I may presume to say, that my reader will here find such a collection of
armorial bearings of surnames and families in Scotland, both ancient and
modern, that the like was never attempted ; and which will serve as a
general register, or at least a directory of arms to posterity: A work
hitherto much wanted, and earnestly wished for by the curious.

In order to render my collection more complete, I have not only had
recourse to my Lord Lyon's Register, in the Herald-Office, whose civili-
ties to me on that occasion I most thankfully acknowledge, but also to
old books of blazons, ancient records, seals of arms, and other monu-
ments of antiquity: All which I mention as my proper vouchers on that
subject, and refer to them by proper marks, of which I shall give here a
short account.

The Lyon Register, though, by the foresaid act of Parliament, anno
1672, ordained to be respected as the true and unrepealable rule of all
arms and bearings in Scotland, and instituted to prevent irregularities in
heraldry, yet, at this day, is not so complete as is to be wished. Many
of our most ancient and considerable families have neglected to register
their arms, notwithstanding the act of Parliament, partly through in-
dolence, and partly through an extravagant opinion of their own great-
ness, as if the same could never be obscured : So that were it not for an-
cient records, books of blazons, charters with seals appended thereto, or
other monuments of antiquity, to which I have had recourse with great
labour, and some of which I have purchased with great charges, the ar-
morial bearings of sundry considerable families and surnames in Scot-
land had been entirely lost. However, as the Lyon Office is of late
much improven, and better regulated than formerly, it is like to be very
useful in time coming ; and I have collected the greatest part of my
blazons therefrom, and refer thereto sometimes by the letters (L. R.)

,n PREFACE.

/'. e. Lyon Register, and sometimes by the letters (N. R.) /. e. New Re-
gister.

The most certain vouchers for the practice of arms in Scotland, next
to the Lyon's Register, are ancient seals appended to charters, and other"
writs, many of which I have vseen, and to them I refer in the following
Treatise, mentioning them particularly.

Next to them are old manuscripts and illuminated books of blazons,
whereof sundry are now in my custody, and to which I also frequently
refer, as follows :

I. I have an old illuminated book of arms, with the names of the fa-
milies who carry those arms, written under the shield, but often mis-
placed, and the writing such as can scarcely be read : I conjecture it to
have been done by some Frenchman, in the reign of King James V. or
in the minority of our Queen Mary, but can say nothing certain that
wav. Only, I saw at London in the Herald-Office there, another of the-
same book, resembling mine both in the painting, writing, binding, &c.
so near as one book could resemble another. I met also there with sun-
dry others.

II. James Workman's Illuminated Book of Arms, who was herald in
the reign of King James VI. ; which book I frequently refer to by these
letters (W. MS.), which book I had from the ingenious Mr Henry Frascr,
Ross Herald.

III. Mr Pont, a known antiquary, his Alphabetical Collection, in ma-
nuscript,* of the Arms of our Nobility and Gentry, the original of which
1 have, being handsomely blazoned, and written in a good hand, to which
I commonly refer thus, (P. MS.)

IV. James Esplin, Marchmont Herald, has left behind him an Illumi-
nated Book, with the pictures of sundry of our old kings and their arms;
as also the arms of our nobility and principal gentry, about the year
1630, to which I refer thus, (E. MS.) This book I have upon receipt
from Mr Hugh Wallace of Ingliston.

V. Sir James Balfour, a learned and famous antiquary, who was Lyon
King at Arms in the reign or King Charles I. left a Register of Arms,
now in the Lawyers' Library, to which I refer thus, (B. MS.)

VI. George Ogilvie, a late herald with us, has left a Collection of
Blazons, some of which I mention, and are marked thus, (O. MS.)

Besides those already mentioned, I have sundry other manuscripts of
arms in my custody, but do not so frequently refer to them ; because 1
am not certain by whom they are done, and therefore cannot depend
on their authority farther than as they agree with other books of the same
kind. And as to blazons which I have collected from printed books, old
b inklings, or other monuments of antiquity, when I refer to them I al-
ways mention them at large.

Many of those manuscripts &.c. are in danger of being lost to posterity :
But I am hopeful the collections I have made from them may be very
useful, at least for supplying any loss which may happen that way.

I likewise refer sometimes to Sir George Mackenzie's Science of He-
raldry thus, (M'K. H.)

As to memorials of particular families I have not been so full on them
as otherwise I might have been, had the number of sheets to which I
was confined allowed me ; but a work of that nature, though most de-
sirable in itself, yet being attended with many difficulties, requires much
time and labour : And, therefore, all that I could pretend to, at present,

PREFACE. vii

was only to lay a foundation, upon which either I myself, or others
afterwards may build.

The learned Sir George Macken/.ie began a collection of such memo-
rials, which he has left behind him in manuscript ; which I have referred
to as occasion required : And had he finished the same for the press, it
had been great service to the public, and made a very proper appendix
to his excellent Book of Heraldry. But indeed a work of that nature is
too great for one man, or one age, to finish, and therefore must proceed
gradually, as the circumstances of things will permit. There are some
ancient families amongst us now extinct, others have lost their charters
and records ; and there are some who, though they have them in their
possession, yet are not willing to communicate them ; and there are many
of such an indolent disposition as not to regard the history either of
their own, or of other considerable families : And yet without their con-
currence a work of this nature cannot be completed. But as it is un-
reasonable, that the more curious and inquisitive part of mankind should
suffer by the indolence of those men, I am resolved to go on in this
work so far as I can, w*th such helps as may be had.

There are three objections which may pollibly be framed against this
Treatise, which I shall endeavour, brieflly, to obviate. First, some may
object, that in my memorials of families I have insisted more particu-
larly on some inconsiderable families, and passed over others of greater
consideration very superficially. To which I answer, That probably it
may have happened so, but without any design or fault in me ; for some
persons have a taste for learning and antiquity beyond others, know the
histories both of their own families, and of the nation in general, and are
willing to do justice both to themselves and posterity, and therefore
have assisted me with memorials, or allowed me to peruse their charters:
Whereas others are altogether carekss of such matters, and neither are
concerned for knowing, or being known. Besides, that being straitened
for room, I was obliged to abridge most of my memorials, especially to-
wards the latter end, and to omit some altogether. But as I designed my
book for the xise of posterity, so in die Supplement which I intend to
make to it, 1 propose to omit no memorial of any family which I either
have by me, or may at any time come in my way, so far as I find it duly
vouched : And, therefore, if any family shall think themselves neglected
hereafter, they must blame themselves.

Secondly, others may object, That I have erred in sxmdry of my ac-
counts of families. To which I answer, That the work being new, I
have been obliged to go in an untrodden path, and therefore it is not to
be wondered if sometimes I should miss my way; but I have endeavour-
ed to act as cautious a part as possible, and where no proper vouchers
appeared, I have chosen to be silent. If I have erred in any thing, I shall
be ready, upon better information, to retract and correct the same in the
above-mentioned Supplement, and shall be very thankful to any person
who gives me further light in those matters. Which corrections and
additions, being once printed, will be preserved for the use of posterity,
and if ever the book comes to a second edition, these may be inserted in
their proper places.

Thirdly, it may be objected, That this may be an endless work, so that
one volume may draw on another, and yet the whole never be com-
pleted. To which I answer, That a complete history of all the surnames
and honourable families in Scotland is not to be expected from one hand.

viii PREFACE.

or in one age ; notwithstanding of which, all advances towards such a
history will be serviceable to the public. We have no complete history
either of England or Scotland,, nor is it probable that ever we shall have
one till the day of judgment, when the thoughts of the hearts of all men
shall be revealed : And yet the collections of learned historians and an-
tiquaries, in all ages, have been applauded, and very deservedly j as
tending to illustrate and improve our national history, though without
being ever able actually to complete it. In like manner, though I shall
never pretend to make a complete collection of memorials, relative to all
our considerable families, yet, in the Supplement, I propose to finish my
whole System of Heraldry in all its parts ; to correct what is wrong, and
supply what is wanting in the present volume, so far as I am either
capable, or may receive assistance from others ; and, wherein I come
short, to leave a plan or foundation for those who come after me, to im-
prove and build upon.

There are sundry subscribers, who should have been both mentioned
in the book, and had their achievements engraven on die copper-plates,
but happened either to come in too late for this volume, or neglected to
give in either memorials or arms ; however, all care shall be taken to do
them jxistice afterwards.

I am very sensible that a work of this nature, in which so many different
persons and families are more or less concerned, must expose the author to
variety of censures, and readily they who are least concerned will be
most censorious: But as it is the service of my country, and benefit of
posterity that I chiefly write for, so I shall be easy as to the snarls of
idle and ignorant critics; and shall be ready, on all occasions, fully to
satisfy candid and judicious readers : And whatever fate the following
book may undergo in the present age, I shall comfort myself with the
thoughts of this, that the older it grows, the more useful and valuable
will it be to posterity.

SYSTEM

HERALDRY,

SPECULATIVE AND PRACTICAL:

WITH THE TRUE ART OF BLAZON.

CHAP. I.

OF THE RISE AND PROGRESS OF ARMORIES.

BEFORE I proceed to treat of ARMORIES in all their parts, it will not be im-
proper to premise briefly somewhat concerning their name, rise and pro-
gress.

Arms have been taken by all nations, and in all ages, for military marks and
signs of honour ; by which, not only persons, families and communities are dis-
tinguished and known, but nobles also distinguished from plebeians, and nobles
among themselves. Which marks and signs were called arms ; because in an-
cient times, they were painted, or engraven on shields, and other pieces of armour ;
as also, upon banners and pennons, from whence they are called armorial ensigns :
And being likewise embroidered or painted on the surcoats of military men, which
they wore over their armour, to distinguish them in battle, they were called coats
of firms.

How useful and honourable of old these marks and signs have been, will appear
from \vhat some learned men have written on that subject j of whom I shall only
mention a few.

William Wyrley, in his True Use of Armories, printed at London, an. 1592,
, " Without armorial tokens, no martial discipline can be exercised, no army
ranged, no attempt of any company achieved, and, by consequence, no conquest
made, nor so much as any commonwealth defended, neither from outward ene-
mies, civil discord, or rebellion of any plebeian rout. It will, I hope, reduce in-
to estimation, a matter both of honour, order and necessity, which no doubt was,
by the wisest and best governed states, at the first devised, and generally by all
of any policy, received to a most necessary end."

, OF THE RISE AND PROGRESS

John Feme, in his Glory of Generosity, printed at London, an. 1586, p. 147,
says, " The ancients did bear arms for the honour's sake of virtue : For it is one,
" nay, the chiefest honour, for a gentleman to bear a coat of arms, and without
" which none can be called gentle ; and that is commanded by the sanction of the
" laws of nations."

Guillim, in his Display of Heraldry, Sect. I. Chap. I. says, " How great the
" dignity and estimation of arms ever has been, and yet is, we may easily conceive
" by this, that, as they do delight the beholders, and greatly grace and beautify
" the places wherein they are erected ; so also, they do occasion their spectators
" to 'make serious inquisition, whose they are ; who is the owner of the house
" where they are set up ; of what family the bearer is descended ; and who were
" his next, and who his remote parents and ancestors. It is very notable, that
" these signs, which we call arms at this day, however in former ages they have
" been named, have been of the greatest use and esteem, the knowledge of which
" is called the Science of Heraldry, or of Armories. Which Edward Bolton in his
" Elements of Arms, calls the Mistress and Queen of Liberal Knowledge ; for in it
" all the fair arts seem to assemble, and every grace of invention glitters there,
" with much significancy, ornament and utility ; for armories are the only re-
" maining customary evidences or testimonies of nobility now : For neither sta-
" tues, arches, obelisks, trophies, spires, or other public magnificent erections, are
" now in use."

These ensigns of honour, or marks of nobility, are to be met with everywhere,
not only on the frontispiece of public and private buildings, as aforesaid, but com-
monly on tombs, and other monuments of antiquity, and especially are of excellent
on seals, by which we know ancient charters and other evidences of the high-
est importance, whether they be authentic, yea or not. And 1 cannot sufficiently
wonder at the vanity of a great many, who glory in their carrying these marks
and signs of honour, which they do not at all understand ; and must regret it in
the greatest part of my countrymen, who, though otherwise well qualified in the
knowledge of other liberal arts and sciences, yet neglect to apply themselves to
Lhe study of heraldry ; a science so valuable, that the greatest men in all ages
have thought it worth their study and application : And therefore Thomas Gore,
in his Catalogue of Learned Men, who have written on this science, expresses
himself in these words, " CMJO viri nobiles aliique laudabilem illam Heraldriae
" Artem persequendi acriori extimulentur studio, i$c. ut palam fiat omnibus,
" qualis in pretio &- Ignore nunc dierum est &- olim fuit res HeraldiCa, in 'toto
" prope literarum orbe."

Though learned men are generally agreed as to the -usefulness of armories, yet

they difler with respect to the beginning and rise of them, of which I have spoken

ticulaiiy in a book formerly published by me on that subject, entitled, An

.y en the Ancient and Modern use of Armories, to which I refer the curious.

But lest 1 should seem to be defective in my present undertaking, in which I

propose to lay open the several parts of heraldry, I shall therefore give here a

brief" account of the nature and rise of arms.

iy are of opinion that arms owe their first beginnings to the light of nature,

; have been used by all nations, however rude and illiterate, for distinguishing
the more worthy and eminent, from the vulgar and ordinary people ; though they
cannot but allow that arms have been used in greater perfection and regularity in
some countries than in others. The reason they give for their opinion, is, that
d universally practised in all nations must be founded in nature ;
<>r, which is much the -same, that whatever all countries, whether civil or barbarous,
agree to in the main, though they differ perhaps in some circumstances, must pro-
ceed from the dictates of natural reason. And, to support their assertion, they
produce many instances of the practice of arms among the ancient and modern
;nts, not only of this but of the new discovered world, America. Whence
.e conclude, that the use of arms was Amediluvian, and after the Flood, was
continued among the children of Noah, and afterwards more particularly, and in
.iter perfection, among the Children of Israel, as they endeavour to prove from
: he prophecy of Jacob and Moses, and more especially from the ad chap, of the
Book of Numbers, where God gives express commandment, " that every man of the

OF ARMORIES. 3,

" Children or" Israel shall pitch by his own standard, \viththe ensign of his father'-
" house." And further, they urge the use and practice of armories in succeeding
ages among the Egyptiar nans, Grecians and Romans.

And indeed it is true, that, as mankind increased and grew numerous, certain
marks and distinctions, by which, persons, families and communities might be
known one from another, were in a manner absolutely necessary ; and, therefore,
us the learned Becmannus saith, " Hominem ab liomine distingucrc, ac variis dis-
" criminare nominibus &- signis, labor fuit primorum parentum, &. pullulantis or-
" bis negotium." Neither can military marks be younger than Mars himself,
seeing, without distinguishing marks and signs, no martial discipline could be exer-
cised. But, notwithstanding this, neither the Egyptian hieroglyphics, the Gre-
cian emblems, nor even the banners and ensigns of those, or other ancient nation^,
the antiquity of which is unquestionable, can properly be called aims. The
former of these having never been looked upon as such ; and the latter, viz. ban-
ners and ensigns, being rather to be reckoned among the regalia of these nations,
as ensigns of power and dominion, than hereditary marks of honour, which we now
call arms.

There are others who do not ascribe the rise and use of arms to the light of
reason and nature, but rather to common practice and custom, as distinguishing
military marks, or symbolical figures, used by these nations upon their shields,
head-pieces, standards, or pennons, &c. which, as they were not hereditary marks
of honour, transmitted from father to son, so neither were they ever regulated to
the titles and rules of armories, being only temporary devices, which were taken
up, and laid aside at pleasure, and intended partly for distinction, and partly for
ornament's sake. And this is plain, particularly with respect to their use amongst
the Romans, who never looked upon them as hereditary marks of nobility : For,
had the Romans been conversant in the science of heraldry, as now practised all
over Europe, we had certainly received from them the terms of that science,
whereas, on the contrary, we find them handed down to us in Gothic and old
French words, which the ancient writers of heraldry were obliged to dress up in a
barbarous sort of Latin, when they wrote for the use of the learned world.

The Romans had, for their badges and signs of nobility, the statues or images of
their ancestors ; and, among many other divisions of the Roman people, we find
them divided into that of Nobiles, Novi y Ignobiles, which distinction of persons
and families was taken from their right to have images or statues, an honour
granted only to those, whose ancestors had borne some ollice in the state, such as
Curule Edile, Censor, Pnetor, Consul, &tc.

He who had the privilege of using the images or statues of his ancestors was
termed Nobilis ; he who had only his own was called Novus ; (the same with our
upstart, or first of a family, that obtains a coat of arms) and he who had neither
his own statues, nor those of his fathers, Avent under the name of Ignobi/zs, as the
common people among us, who have no right to armorial bearings ; so that their
Jus Imuginuw, was the same with our right to carry arms : And therefore, Abra-
hainus Fransus, Lib. II. de Armis, says, " Quemadmodum apud Romanos, eorum
" familiae obscura habebantur quarum nullae sunt Imagines, sic &. illi jam ignobile>
" existimantur, qui majorum Anna non possunt ostendere."

These images or statues were made of wood, brass, marble, and sometimes in
wax-work, and the better to represent the perso'n intended, painted according to
the life (as Polybius observes), and dressed out answerable to their quality ; adorn-
ed with the robes of the offices they had borne, with marks of their magistracy, and
the spoils they had taken from the enemy. Thus the collar or chain on the statue
of Torquatus, and the tuft of hair on that of Cmcinnatus, were the trophies of
which those brave heroes had despoiled two of the Roman enemies.

These statues commonly stood in their courts, in a cabinet of wood, (from
whence our cabinet of arms and ambries, where the several pieces of the honours
of the nobility, such as, helmet, crest, gauntlet, spurs, banners, &c. ^ ere kept) and.
upon solemn days, these presses or cabinets were set open, and the statues being
adorned as above, were exposed to public view, in their courts before the porch
and gate of their houses, (as now our nobility and gentry have their coats of arms
cut in stone, or painted on escutcheons over their gates) ; not only that the people

4 OF THE RISE AND PROGRESS

micht behold their nobility and honours, but to excite their posterity to imitate
the virtues of their ancestors, as Petrus Ancarena Clement says, " Arma plunbus
» in locis earn ob causam collocantur, non solum ut Nobihtatis indicia smt, &
« majorumnostrorumlVIonumenta, sed ut posteri excitentur ad laudem & decus.
And Valerius Maximus upbraids a cowardly and insignificant posterity, " by those
" ensigns, which as it were," says he, " tells them how unworthy they are of the
" honours and privileges of their brave ancestors."

When any of the family died, the statues and images were not only thus ex
posed to view, but in the funerals were carried before the cotpse, as ensigns of then-
nobility. This is observed by Hennanus Hermes, in his Fasciculus Juris Publici,
p. 800, and Basil Kennet, in his Antiquities of Rome, tells us, that the Romans
brought forth their images at the funerals of those persons only who had the Jus
Imaginum; and that Augustus ordered 600 beds of images to be carried before, at
the 'funeral of Marcellus ; and Sylla, the dictator, had no less than 6000.

From this practice of the Romans, came the custom of succeeding ages to carry,
at the funerals of great men, their ensigns of nobility, with the armorial bearings of
those honourable families of whom they were descended, as well on the mother's
side, as on the father's ; which, by our practice, being placed on funeral escut-
< heons, round the achievement of the person deceased, are called Quarters or
Branches ; and by others, Proofs of Nobility ; but by Pontus Heuterus Delphius,
Stemmata, who, in his Genealogies, particularly treats of this subject, and derives
our custom of carrying arms at funerals from that of the Romans above mentioned,
in these words : " Quemadmodum olim apud Romanes in more positum fuit ut
" majorum imagines ornandae funebrae Pompae adhiberentur, Atriaque cereis per
" Armaria dispositis, ad Gentilitatem ostendendam ornarentur : ita & nostro tem-
" pore in usu est, ut viri nobiles in justis funerum Exequiis, nuptiarum solenniis,
'• quorundam etiam sacrorum primordiis, longa serie a proavis demissum Stemma in
" medium adducant, ut scil. inde ortus sui splendorem commonstrent, dum qua-
" tuor, octo, sexdecim aut triginta duo Nobilitatis suae Membra (quas vulgo qua-
" teras vocant) adferunt, licet non uno eodemque ordine a singulis Insignia
" locentur."

From all which we observe, that the use of arms with us, being hereditary
marks of honour and noble descent, are of the same nature with the Jus Imagi-
num among the Romans. Which opinion is confirmed by many famous writers,
too numerous to be here inserted : But I cannot omit a modern one, the
judicious John Brydal of Lincoln's-Inn, Esq. who, in his little book, intitled, Jus
Imaginis apud Anglos, p. 53. says, " For, as in ancient times, the statues or images
" of their ancestors were proofs of their nobility, so, of latter times, coat-arms
•• came in lieu of those statues or images, and are the most certain proofs and evi-
" dences of nobility. Hence it followeth, that Jus Nobilitatis is nothing else but
" Jus Imaginis ; insomuch that the word Imago doth oftentimes signify nobility ;
" and the right of having images with their ancestors was the same as the right
" of having arms now with us." And hence it is, as Gerard Leigh tells us, in his
Accidents of Armory, p. 40. " That the law of arms is for the most part directed
" and regulated by the civil law."

Our armorial bearings, us hereditary marks of honour, thus succeeding in place
of the Roman images and statues, naturally lead us to date their rise and origin as
such, from the time of the subversion of the Roman Empire by the Goths and
Vandals ; who, as they sunk many liberal arts and sciences, seem to have given
birth and life to that of heraldry. These northern and barbarous nations charged
their shields, and other pieces of armour, with figures of fierce animals, and almost
all kinds of creatures, partly for distinction's sake in time of battle, and partly for
ornament's sake, according to their own particular genius ; answerable to the
common saying, " Ex iis quibus quisque magis delectatur qualis etiam ipse sit
" cognoscitur."

These military marks and figures of lions, boars, wolves, &c. which they had on
their shields, and other pieces of armour, became hereditary ensigns of honour, and
were continued as such by them, and their posterity, and were called instead of
Jus Imaginum, Tessera Gentilitiee, Insignia Gentilitia, and sometimes Arma as
Budaeus in Pandect. " Prior pro iis" (speaking of the Roman images) says, " pos-

OF ARMORIES. 5

" teriora tempora Insignia Gentilitia habuerunt quae arma vulgo vocantur ; quac
" ipsa quoque primum, nunc simile est veri, virtutis pr«emia fuerunt, ac rerum
" pracclare gestarum decora." And elsewhere, " Gentiles tuerunt hi, qui ima-
" gines sui generis proierre poterant, &• erant insignia Gentilitia qua; hodie arma
" dicuntur."

Hence they became fond of the word Gentilis: And as Sehleti observes in his
Titles of Honour, it came to be used, in their language, for an honourable epithet,
glorying probably in that name by which the Romans used to call them in con
tempt ; for the Romans used indifferently to call all those Genriles, who were not
citizens of Rome.

These warlike nations, having subdued the Roman Empire, and raised their glory
by military bravery, were naturally led to a high esteem of warlike achievements ;
and, therefore, derived their ensigns and titles of honour from what chiefly con-
cerned a soldier, and distinguished the different ranks of nobility, according to the
different orders of military men, such as Miles, Eques, Scutifer, &-c. and their pos-
terity, naturally desirous either to imitate, or perpetuate the warlike achievements
of their ancestors, continued the same marks and ensigns of honour which were
used by their ancestors : And not only so, but collateral descendants were ambi-
tious to share with them in the glories of war already purchased ; and, therefore,
assumed the same figures with the principal families, with some variation for dif-
ference. And, in process of time, these ensigns were also desired by others, who
justly reckoned, that, by extraordinary services performed in their civil capacities,
they deserved as well of their Prince or country, as others had done by their mili-
tary achievements. Upon which, many devices were formed into arms, and con-
tinued as hereditary marks of honour, of which I am to speak particularly in the

following treatise. And so much shall serve at present for the nature and rise of

arms.

As the Goths, and their northern allies, first brought in armorial bearings, and
transmitted them to their posterity as hereditary marks of honour, so did they also
the feudal law, by means of which, arms grew up to farther perfection ; as is evi-
dent by many armorial figures (in the following treatise) of ancient families, repre-
-.enting the acknowledgments and services they were obliged to perform to their
overlords and superiors, as roses, cinquefoils, spur-revels, bows and arrows, hunting-
horns, ships, &c. upon which account such figures are frequent in armories all
Europe over. Thus the old barons of Arran and Lorn were obliged to furnish a
ship to the King in time of war, as their old charters bear ; upon which account
they still carry ships, or lymphads in their arms. But of such feudal arms I have
discoursed in my above-mentioned essay, and shall be more particular in my fol-
lowing treatise.

Arms were very much improved, and in great esteem in the reign of King
Charles the Great of France ; for which see Favin's Theatre of Honour, and Bar-
tholomacus Chasa, in his Catalogue of the Glory of the World, who says, " That
" that King not only constituted the Twelve Peers of France, but regulated the use
" of arms." And all the French writers of that age tell us, That that great King,
besides others, honoured the FrieTJanders and Scots with ensigns of honour, for
their extraordinary services in his wars ; and when he and Achaius, King of Scot-
land, entered into that famous league about the year 792, the double tressure,
flowered and counter-flowered with flower-de-luces, was added to the arms of Scot-
land, as a badge and memorial of that alliance, of which I have spoken in my fore-
said essay, and shall have occasion afterwards to speak of the same in the following
treatise.

For the better understanding of the antiquity and progress of Armories, as \ve
now have them, I shall here mention only two grand occasions which contributed
thereto, viz. the Crusades and Tournaments.

Crusades, or expeditions to the wars in the Holy Land against the Infidels, gave
occasion of bearing several new figures, hitherto unknown in arms, such as the be-
zants, martlets, alerions, escalopes, &-c. besides an indefinite number of crosses,
which are to be seen in arms all over Europe. For they, who undertook these ex-
peditions, received, from the hands of bishops and priests, little crosses, made of cloth
or taflcty, which they sewed on their garments, and on which account these ex-

0 OF THE RISE AND PROGRESS

peditions were called Crusades. The first-of them began i'n the .year 1096; in which
•almost all Christian nations engaged, and took upon them the Cross, as their man-
ner of speaking was then. The form and fashion of the cross then could not but
be as various as fancy could invent, to distinguish many companies of different na-
tions. Which crosses became proper and fixed armorial figures to many families
who had arms before these expeditions, but afterwards disused the same for the love
they bore to the Cross, of which I have given several instances in my foresaid essay.
By these crusades, arms were much improved all Europe over, and they gave an

increase of various forms of crosses and other figures ; of which in the following.

treatise.

Tournaments, the other occasion I mentioned of improving armories, are much
more ancient than the crusades, though I have spoken of them first, and have very
much improved armories, sooner or later ; not only by giving rise to figures within
the shield, (such as the ordinaries as some say), but to those without the shield,
which adorn and trim it in the present perfection and beauty we find arms, and
which we call Achievements, i. e. complete armorial bearings, with all the exterior
ornaments. And since tournaments seem to have completely built the armorial
structure, (except as to marks of cadency, and the method of marshalling many
coats of arms in one shield), I shall here treat of them briefly and distinctly, that
my reader may somewhat understand achievements, as I speak of them in the fol-
lowing treatise, till I come to treat separately of them in distinct chapters.

Some say, that Tournamenta is but the corruption of the word Trojamenta ; the
Ludus Trojae, which were invented by Ascanius, and celebrated by a company of
Roman youths, dressed after a' warlike manner, and generally of the best families
of Rome. Others say, that Tournamenta came in place of the Ludus Trojae, and
derives its name from Tour tier, a French word, (to turn round), because to be ex-
pert in these military exercises, much agility both of man and horse was requisite.

Tournaments are commonly described, " Nundinae vel feriae in quibus milites ex
•• condicto convenire, &• ad ostentationem virium suarum &- audaciae, temere con-
" gredi solent." Or thus : " Solemn meetings, at great festivals, where nobles and
" gentlemen performed martial exercises by combating together in desport." That
there were such meetings as these, under the names of tournaments, joustings, has-
tiludes, and tiltings, all Europe over, and especially in Germany, in the beginning
of the tenth century, (where none were to be admitted who had not arms, as marks
of their noble descent), is acknowledged by German, French, and English writers.
Favin, in his Theatre of Honour, says, (for which he vouches Franciscus Modius's
Pandectae Triumphales), That the Emperor Henry, surnamed the Birder, Duke of
Saxony, in the year 936, decreed to bring in jousts and tournaments by solemn or-
dinances ; and gave commandment, that the Palatine of the Rhine, and the Dukes
of Bavaria and Saxony, should give, in writing, laws for regulating these meetings ;
which they accordingly digested into twelve articles, in imitation of those of France,
>ays Favin. By one of these articles it was decreed : " That no man should be
" admitted into these festivals of arms who was not a gentleman of armories, and
" of four descents at least, of noble parentage, both on the father and mother's
" side; and if any man, who could not so justify his nobility by armorial ensigns,
" (such as those we call quarters, or proofs of nobility, being the arms of his grand-
" fathers and grandmothers), should present himself to jousts, by pretending that
" he was ennobled by his Prince, (here Novi Homines were excluded), and there-
" upon presumed himself worthy to be in the same rank with those of ancient no-
" bility, such a man should be beaten with rods, and obliged to ride the rails, or
" barriers, for his punishment." These rails, or barriers, were certain lists or stakes
of wood, which surrounded the place of action, and kept off the spectators from the
actors. And since I am speaking of them, I cannot but show, that though the
various fashions of the trimming of armsbe brought from these honourable military
exercises, yet 1 cannot be made to believe what Menestrier says, That the proper
figures in this science, such as the cheveron, saltier, bend, bar, and other traverse
pieces, are brought into this science, from these pieces of wood which formed and

made up the barriers, however so like to them they may seem to be ; of which

afterwards. But to proceed,

OF ARMORIES. 7

Segar, Norry King of Arms, in his treatise of Honour Military and Civil, Lib.
111. tells us also, That Henry the Birder was the first who introduced tournament >
in Germany, which other nations did imitate, and had their own law-> relative to
them. Our author mentions several laws, one of which was, " That it should be
" lawful for all gentlemen, well born, to enter and light in these exercises of arms,
" ever excepting such as had, in word or deed, blasphemed, or done or said any
" thing contrary to our Christian faith, of whom, if any presume to enter the list,
" we will and command, that the arms of his ancestors, with all his furniture, shall
" be cast out, and his horse confiscated."

As for the frequency of tournaments solemnized in Germany, England, and Scot-
land, I shall name but some, though there \vere many. — Henry the Birder solem-
nized one in the city of Magdeburg, upon the first Sunday after the feast of the
Three Kings, in the year 938, and in anno 943. There was another held at Rot-
tenburgh, by Conrad Duke of Franconia. The Duke of Saxony solemnized ano-
ther in the city of Constance, the first Sunday after the feast of All Saints, in anti'j
948. Favin gives us an account of thirty-seven tournaments, from that time till
the year 1194. John Stow, in his Large Survey of London, tells us, several were
anciently solemnized there every Friday in Lent, " by which, (says he), the gen-
" try gave good proof how serviceable they would be in war." Upon which ac-
count, Richard I. of England appointed several tournaments, " that his subjects,
" (says our author), by these means, might be accustomed to horsemanship and
" feats of arms ; and, consequently, better enabled to oppose their enemies the
" Scots." Segar tells us of a tournament, held by King Edward the III. where
David the II. King of Scotland, jousted and: carried the prize. He likewise tells
us, that Richard the II. of England made solemn proclamation of a tournament,
to be held at London, through Scotland, France, and Flanders, to which several
stranger knights resorted.. And John Stow, in his forementioned book, says, ma-
ny lords came from Scotland to that tournament, to get worship (as he calls it) by
force of arms. Amongst them was the Earl of Mar, who challenged the Earl of
Nottingham to joust with him ; they rode together certain courses, but not the full
challenge, for the Earl of Mar was cast down, and had two of his ribs broken.
The next Scotsman was Sir William Daxel, (whom I take to be Dalziel), the King
of Scotland's banner-bearer ; he challenged Sir Piercy Courtney, the King of
England's banner-bearer, and, when they had ridden many courses, they gave over
without a seen victory. Then Cockburn, Esquire of Scotland, jousted with Sir
Nicholas Howberk ; but Cockburn wras borne over, horse and man, anno 1395. On
St George's clay, there was a great jousting on London bridge, (says our author),
between David Earl of Crawiurd of Scotland, and the Lord Wells of England, in
which the Lord Wells was, at the third course, borne out of his saddle.

In Scotland I have met with several tournaments solemnized ; but our authors
are so brief that they only name them. There were three held in the reign of
King William at Roxburgh, Edinburgh, and Stirling : Another in the reign of
Alexander II. at Haddington ; " where," says Hector Boetius, " our nobility and
'• foreign knights showed great prowess." King Alexander the III. held another
at Roxburgh, upon the festivals of his son's marriage. There was another in the
reign of King Robert III. ; to which came one John Morlo, an Englishman, (says
our author), who gave challenge to the Scots knights ; he was taken up first by
Archibald Edmonston, and, after him, by Hugh Wallace, and defeated both of
them ; but at last was taken up by Hugh Traill, who overcame him. King James
IV. caused proclaim a tournament through Germany, France, and England, un-
der this title. " In defence of the Savage Knight," (being so called by a foreign
princess), to be holden at Edinburgh, upon the festivals of his marriage with Mar-
garet, eldest daughter to King Henry VII. of England ; — the fame of which tour-
nament, (says Hawthornden in his History), brought many foreign lords and
knights to Scotland. Challenges were given and received in defence of the Savage
Knight ; and, several days before the joustings, the shields of the nobility and
gentry of Scotland, with their helmets, wreaths, crest, and devices, were hung
upon the barriers, or other places near by, which were guarded with strong and
robust highlandmen, in savage dresses, which gave occasion to many families with
us, whose progenitors were actors in that tournament, to have savages for their

8 OF THE RISE AND PROGRESS, &c.

supporters. To these tournaments with us none were admitted but those that
were truly noble, as is evident by their proclamations, directed, of old, to earl%

barons, and knights ; and, since the reign of King James I. lords and barons ;

for which see Lindsay of Pitscotie's Manuscript, in the Lawyers' Library at Edin-
burgh.

Having thus briefly given an account of the nature of tournaments, and the laws
relative to nobility and arms, with a few instances of them, as solemnized both at
home and abroad, I shall now add some observes from the ceremonies and customs
used in the solemnities of tournaments, from some of their formulas which I have
met with, from which some heralds bring the first use of exterior ornaments which
adorn the shield, especially Menestrier.

It was the custom of those who went to these military exercises, to be in a com-
plete military equipage, with arms on their shields, surcoat, and caparisons of their
horses, as they are to be seen on the equestrian sides of many ancient seals with
us and other nations, and on several sculptures, as Plate I. with their esquires
riding before, carrying their masters tilting-spears, with their pennons of arms at
them ; and in their left hand, the timbre, i. e. the helmets which were to be worn
in the exercise, adorned with pieces of silk, mistress's favours, wreaths, or torses,
being of the tinctures of the arms, and their proper liveries, and thereupon the
crest or device. When the knights came near the barriers, where the joustings
were to be held, they blew and winded a horn or trumpet, which gave advertise-
ment to the heralds, who were there attending, to come forth, to receive their name,
armorial bearing, and their other proofs of nobility ; which accordingly they per-
formed, and recorded in their books : From which, it is said, came Heraldry, or
Art of Blazon, a German word, which signifies to wind a horn, now taken for a
regular description of arms, in their proper terms ; whence the German families
have their helmets frequently adorned with several horns or trumpets, to show
how often they have jousted in tournaments.

After the heralds have recorded the names, arms, and proofs of nobility of the
knights, their shields of arms, with helmets, mantlings, wreaths, and crests, with
which they were to joust, were hung up by the left corner, with the timbre, (in
that posture which we call couchie, which we meet with in many shields of arms
on old monuments and seals, and shows the owners had been received into tour-
naments) upon windows, pavilions, trees, barriers, or other fit places, near to the
place of jousting, some days before the action ; to the end that every one might
be known by his arms, crest and liveries, to the actors, judges and spectators :
With whom, and the ladies, the heralds went about, and described the arms, and
gave an account of their owners, whom the ladies took the freedom to praise or
dispraise ; whence, sometimes, the word blazon is taken to praise or dispraise.

Then challenges were given by the knights to one another, which were per-
formed, by touching their shields with such weapon as they were to just with,
cither with blunts or sharps. For the better understanding of which, I shall add
here a piece of a formula of a tournament, held at Ingueleur in France, in the
year 1389, sent by the French lords and gentlemen to the English, by way of a
challenge, as in Segar's Treatise of Honour Civil and Military, Book III. being
thus : " We likewise give you to understand, that such order is taken, that every
' one of us shall have his shield and impress hung on the outside of his pavilion,
' to the end if any one of you desire to run at tilts, then that the day before, you
' may with a lance, or such as you intend to joust with, touch the shield ; and
• who intends to try his fortune, with blunt and sharp, must touch the shield with
' both, and signify his name and arms to them that have our shields in keeping."
Those who attended the shields, so hung and exposed, (which the French call
a faire fenestre}, Menestrier tells us, were the knights' servants or pages, who were
dressed in such fashions as their masters fancied, making them sometimes appear
like savages, Saracens, Moors, Sirens, and other monsters ; and sometimes under
the disguise of lions, bears, &-C. who guarded the shields, with one or more heralds,
to take an account of the names and arms of those, as also their weapons, with
which they touched the shields, and to list them for combat. From which cus-
toms and form, says our author, came the use of tenans and supporters, represent-
ing men and beasts, at the sides of the shield : So that those, it seems, who were

OF THE DEFINITION AND DIVISION OF ARMS. Q.

Hiied to be admitted into jousts and tournaments, though but gentlemen hud
ri^ht to carry supporters ; but now they are allowed to none under the dignity ol
a lord-baron, except those who have right to them by prescription. But more of
this afterwards, when I come to treat ot" the exterior ornaments.

Having given my reader a general idea of the rise, growth, and improvement of
arms, to the present structure we now find them in, called Armorial Achievement1-.
I must put an end to this general discourse, to begin and proceed to treat ,sepa
rutely, as 1 have proposed, .of all the figures and pieces of armories, with i !
attributes and proper terms, in the following chapters of this treat;

CHAP. II.

OF THE DEFINITION AND DIVISION OF AR '

I DEFINE Arms, hereditary marks of honour, regularly composed of certain tine-
lures and figures, granted or authorised by sovereigns, for distinguishing, differ-
encing, and illustrating persons, families, and communities.

These marks of honour being represented upon shields, surcoats, banners, pen-
nons, and other military instruments and ensigns, as is said before, are called arms,
coats of arms, and armorial ensigns ; by the French, armories ; and in Latin, Anna
Centilitia, Tessera; Gentilities, Insignia, Phrenofchemata, i3 Deigmata.

Hereditary marks of honour, regularly composed of certain tinctures and figures,
distinguish arms from other signs and marks of soldiers, merchants and tradesmen,
which are but arbitrary, during pleasure ; as also from hieroglyphics, symbols,
emblems and devices, which have no fixed and certain tinctures, but may be com-
posed of any colours or figures.

The words, Granted or authorised by sovereigns, exclude all arbitrary marks
and signs ; such as those assumed by the ignoble at their own pleasure, which
cannot be called ensigns of honour, however like to arms they may seem : For,
" Nemo potest dignitatem sibi arrogare sine principis licentia. None can assume the
" marks of honour, without the allowance" of the sovereign ;" arms being only allow-
ed to the noble, and the ignoble are discharged the use of them, by the laws of all
well-governed nations.

The words, For distinguishing, differencing, and illustrating persons, families, and
communities, show the three principal ends of arms.

The first, is to distinguish the noble from the ignoble, the worthy from the un-
worthy, by marks of honour and noble descent, conferred by princes upon their
well-deserving subjects and their families, in reward of their virtuous actions and
brave attempts.

The second end of arms, is to difference the branches or cadets of one and
the same family ; that the first may be known from the second, and he again
from the third, and the third from the fourth, and so on, were there never so many
of them.

The third end and design of arms, is to illustrate persons, families, and com-
munities, with ensigns of noble descent, and other additaments of honour, with-
in and without the shield : All which I shall fully handle in this Treatise of
Heraldry.

The division which I make of arms, in order to my intended method, is, into
essential parts, and accidental ones, and of parts within and without the shield, and
ot their various species and kinds.

By the first, I understand tinctures and figures, without which, no arms can be.
By accidental, attributes which follow figures in their various shapes, as ingrailed,
invccted, embattelled, &-c. The parts within the shield, are those contained within
the limits of the shield : And, by parts without the shield, I understand the ex-
terior ornaments, such as crests, helmets, mantlings, supporters, &-c. And as for
the species and kinds of arms, such as, arms of alliance, of patronage, gratitude,
concession, dominion, noble feus and pretensions ; all which I shall fully treat of
in their proper places. And, before I proceed, I shall here give a description of

OF THE SURCOAT, ENSIGN, AND SHIELD.

those utensils and things, upon which arms have been anciently, and of later
placed ; such as, the surcoat, ensign, and shield.

CHAP. III.

OF THE SURCOAT, ENSIGN, AND SHIELD.

THESE are called by heralds, the three principal signs of honour, upon the
account that arms have been commonly placed upon them ; which I ^hall
here briefly describe.

The surcoat, is a thin, loose, light, taftety coat, used by military men over their ar-
mour ; upon which their arms were painted or embroidered, that they might be
distinguished in time of battle. Sovereigns and other great men are represented
on the equestrian side of their seals, on horseback, with such surcoats of arms.
Sandford, in his Genealogical History of England, tells us, " That Gilbert Earl of
" Clare was killed in the battle of Bannockburn by the Scots, for want of his
" surcoat of amis ; who otherwise would have been saved, because he was a near
" kinsman to King Robert the Bruce." These surcoats were much of the same
shape and form of those now worn by heralds.

The other principal sign of honour, is the ensign ; under which general name,
are comprehended standards, banners, pennons, gideons, and gonfanouns.

The first two, standards and banners, are of a square form, painted or embroidered
with the whole achievements of those, who have right to display them in the field,
or in solemnities ; and anciently they were allowed to none under the degree of a
knight-banneret.

The pennon and gideon are of an oblong figure, and ending in a sharp point or
two, carried on the points of spears ; and on them are only painted a part of the
owner's arms, such as his device,. crest, and motto.

The gonfanoun is a banner or standard of the church, which is square, but has
rhree labels or fanions (i.e. pieces of stuff, from which it is named), hanging
down ; and the bearers thereof are called gonfaloniers.

Arms have also appeared anciently upon the furniture of horses, such as the
caparisons, as may be seen on the seals of kings, and other great men, who are re-
presented on horseback, holding on their left arm the shield of their arms, and the
same armorial figures embroidered on the caparisons of their horses. I have seen a
*eal of Alexander II. King of Scotland, appended to a charter of confirmation of

-,;ral lands to the abbacy of Melrose, upon which he is represented sitting on a
throne with a crown on his head, in his right hand a sceptre, and in his left a
mond : On the other side of this seal, he is represented on horseback in his coat
of mail, holding in his right hand a sword, and on his left arm a shield, with the
arms of Scotland, and the same arms are on the caparisons of his horse. Sandford,
in his Genealogical History, makes King Edward I. of England, the first of their
kings fhat had the arms of England on the caparisons of his horse; so that the
fustom of placing arms upon caparisons was sooner with us than in England. I
have seen the seals of the earls of March, Fife, &c. appended to evidents in the
reign of Alexander III. whereon they were represented on horseback, holding their
>hield of arms ; and the same on the caparisons of their horses.

I shall not insist here further upon several other things, on which arms have
been placed, but proceed to the principal one, the shield, called by the ancients
Scutum, from the Greek word ™«Te?, Corium, because they were made or covered
with hides of beasts. From Scutum comes also the French words Escu and Escus-
sion; the English Escutcheon; and the Italian Scudo, for a shield: From which
• came these titles of honour, Scutifer, Scutiger ; the Spanish Escudros ; the
French Escuire ; and the English Esquire.

The shield was also called Clypeus, wo ™ yKvtfcm, Sculpere to engrave ; because figures
Di armorial bearings or achievements were commonly painted, engraven, or imr-
bossed upon it ; as Virgil,

Mutemus Clypeos, Danaumque insignia nobis
dptemus

JOO

P urn art

Emun. CcrttnErnwri, Vavr.

Courderfttent

L ,

L11J.J
TT^TT

OF THE SURCOAT, ENSIGN, AND SHIELD. i r

As the shield \vas a necessary instrument in defence of the body, so was it with
the ancients an honourable badge or -ign ; for, with the Grecians and Romaic, they
who returned from the battle without 'it, were in great disgrace, and interdicted
from holy things, as the antiquaries of those nations write. And as the shield v.a
necessary and honourable, so it was judged by all nations the most coin en:
tabula, to contain marks of valour and honour, as Bccmannus very well oi,
Dissert. VI. Chap. V11I. " Scutum cur veteres potissimum eligerent, ratio iuit
" quod inter anna maxime conspicuum esset, ac dclensivis puritcr atque oilen .
" armis omnibus nobilius haberetur."

Antiquaries, historians, and heralds, amuse us with many various forms of shields
used by the ancients, which are but of little use to us, therefore I shall be very-
brief with them. There is no kingdom, people, or country, but have had several
forms and fashions of shields, as they have had of apparel, ot which I shall give
here only some few forms, ancient and modern, that ha\e been generally known
and received all Europe over.

. Shields for the most part of old were to be seen triangular on the ancientest
monuments, seals and coins; by the French called VAncien Ecu, as in Plate I.
fig. i. that is the ancient shield : Arid from this triangular form, came the custom
in heraldry, of placing the greatest number of figures above, and the smallest be-
low, as 2 and i ; and if more figures, such as stars, 4, 3, 2, and i. This form of
shield is to be seen on our ancientest monuments with figures so situated.

The other form of a shield, Plate I. fig. 2. now universally used, is square,
rounded and pointed at the bottom, as Monsieur Baron describes it, in his Art of
Blazon ; " Quarre arrondi &- pointu par la bas ;" which they say is after the
fashion of the Samnitic shield used by the Romans. Sylvester Petra Sancta, in
his Treatise of Heraldry, cap. n. says, " Existimo enim ad scuti Samnitici ftirmam
" interne cuneatam &• pinnatam, aequalem autem superne exigi posse materiatam
" scuti hujus honorarii figurationem." Shields after this form, are commonly
made use of by the Britons, French, and Germans.

The Spaniards and Portuguese, have the like form of shields ; but they are
round at the bottom, without a point, Plate I. fig. 3. The Germuns, besides the
former, have other forms of shields whereon they place their arms ; two of which
I shall here add. The first has its sides sloping, and again bulging at the flanks,
as fig. 4. and the other, as fig. 5. has nicks and notches, called a shield-chancre ;
because a shield after this form was used of old by them as a convenient one for
resting the lance upon the notch, and in giving a thrust ; yet its form is not so
convenient as the former ones to receive armorial figures. The two shields first
mentioned, have been, and are more frequently used than any other form of
shields.

Besides these various forms of shields, we find them also frequently distinguished
by their different positions ; some being carried erect, and others pendant, or
hanging by the right or left upper corner : This the French call Escu Pendu, and
the Italians, Scuto Pe ndente ; the reason given for it, is, that when tiltings and
tournaments were proclaimed, they that were to joust in these military exercises,
were obliged to hang up their shields of arms some days before the time of exer-
, along the windows and balconies of the houses, near the place of action, and
if in the field, upon trees, pavilions, or barriers of the place of jousting ; that they
who were judges, or otherwise assisted in these noble exercises, might know the
actors. Columbier says, " That they who wrere to fight on foot had their shields
" hung by the right corner, and they on horseback by the left." This position
of the shield is called pendant by some, and couche by others, and was very fre-
quent all Europe over, from the eleventh century to the fourteenth. But all the
shields couche or pendant that I have met with of the sons of the royal family of
Scotland and England, and of the nobility of these kingdoms, were pendant, or
couche by the sinister, and very few by the dexter cornel- : The shield, pendant,
or couche, when lying on the right side, was then a mark that the owner thereof •
had formerly been exercised in tournaments, into which none were admitted but
those that were truly noble. And it "may not be improper here to observe, that
no sovereign ever carried his shield pendant or couche i because, as soverei,.
they never formally entered the lists of tournaments.

12 OF THE SURCOAT, ENSIGN, AND SHIELD.

The Italians, for the most part, have their shields of arms after an oval form,
tig. 6. in imitation, it is thought, of those used by Popes, and other eminent church-
men. '; .imedest writer on heraldry, Sylvester Petra Sancta, regrets the use

of oval shields in Italy, who says, " Nunc figura Scuti ovalis usurpatur, retinetur-
" que nescio an ex pictorum &- sculptorum imperitia." Others tell us, that the
oval shield is not so honourable as those we have given before, as not representing
any ancient nobility or descent, nor glory purchased in war, but a burgherly or
citizen fame, and praise of learning, as Philobertus Camponile, whose words the
anonymous author of Observation?* Eugenealogica:, Lib. II. cap. 5. gives us thus,
" Ejusmodi scutis rotundis non indicari vetustam. originem, nee partem in bello
" gloriam, sed urbanam laudera, solum famam Eruditionis ac Literarum :" And
our anonymous author, in his forecited place, adds, " Qui nullo gaudet Nobilitatis
" Jure, vel qui per Artes Mechanicas aliove modo eo Jure destitutus est, signa si
" qvuehabet, neutiquam in 'scuto aut Clypeo exhibere posse: sed aut in forma
" rotunda aut ovali, & a seuto distincta ;" /. e . Those who have not the privilege
of nobility, or have had, and lost the privilege, by using mechanical arts, or by
any other means, cannot place their arms on a formal shield, but on round or oval
ones. But though oval shields be not looked upon as honourable in some coun-
tries, and especially in our author's country, Flanders, yet in Italy, wre find not
only the popes, and churchmen of noble descent, place their arms on oval shields
or cartouches, but even the secular princes in Italy ; which they would not do, if
they looked upon round or oval shields, as any way derogatory from their honour,
but" still retain them, as of the ancientest form used by the Romans.

Women place their paternal arms on lozenges and fusils. The lozenge is a square
figure, with one of its angles upmost, Plate I. fig. 7. ; and the fusil is such another,
but longer than broad, and its upmost and undermost angles sharper than those at
the sides, fig. 8. Plutarch tells, in the life of Theseus, That in the city of Mega-
ra, (in his time), the tomb-stones, under which the bodies of the Amazons lay,
were shaped after the form of a lozenge ; which some conjecture to be the cause .
why women have their arms upon lozenges. Others again, that the fusil signifies
a spindle, and represents one full of yarn, a proper instrument for women. Sylva-
nus Morgan, and other English heralds, fancy, that the form of shields used by
men was taken from Adam's spade, and women's from Eve's spindle. The French
have a saying from their pretended Salic law, " Nunquam corona a lancea tran-
" sibit ad fusum ;" '• the crown of France passes not from the lance to the distaff or
t'usil." Sylvester Petra Sancta will have the form of women's shields to represent a
cushion, whereupon they used to sit and spin, or do other housewifery, and calls
it, " Pulvillum in quo exercent mulieres lintearia opificia." Sir John Feme has
another notion of a woman's shield, to be from that square one, used sometimes by
the Romans, called Tessera, which they finding unfit for war, did afterwards allow
to women, to place their paternal ensigns upon, with one of its angles always up-
most, as a tessera of their noble descent.

I have given these few forms of shields, generally made use of all Europe over,
and passed over many other forms, which some writers ascribe to the ancients, as
being of no use to this science, nor a part of blazon. I, shall add here the form of
a cartouch, upon the account that some heralds tell us, That they, who have not
right to carry arms on formal shields, may place them on cartouches. Favin, in
Ins Theatre of Honour, and Menestrier, in his Treatise of Exterior Ornaments, and
in his Abrege Methodique des Armories, gives us this form of a cartouch, fig. 9.
'•arried by the village of Lyons in France. Others, again, tell us, That cartouches,
i. e. false shields or compartments, are most frequently oval, having a mullet or
ae round it, with flourishes coupe tortile, like to that used by the Popes, out of
humility as they pretend. Monsieur L'Abbe Danet, in his Dictionary, says, " A
" cartouche, ornamentique d'un fait de sculpture &• de peinture qui represente des
" rouleaux des cartes c'oupe'es & tortillees ;" such as these embellishments w7hich
placed at the sides of geographical maps, and frontispieces of books, wherein
.ire commonly placed the names of countries, titles of books, marks and figures of
merchants and tradesmen ; and are like those compartments below achievements
of arms whereon the supporters stand, and in which are placed the names, desig-
nations, &C. belonging to the owners.

OF THE TINCTURES, &c. 13

So then formal shields, above given, are ancient and honourable signs, and
by all nations, tor placing on them the fixed figures of noble families, yet in the
blazon of them, neither the form nor position of the shield is ever mentioned,
though it be the continent, or containing part of armories ; and whether we con-
sider the shield itself as a solid or geometrical body, or as the imitation of such a
body, drawn with lines or purfles, by a pen or pencil, upon paper, or any thing :
The superficies of that geometrical body, or the space within the bounding lines, is
called with us and the English, thejicld; by the Italians and Spaniards, campo;
and by the Latins, area, fundus, campus ; and must be of the tinctures received in
this science, of which I proceed to treat.

CHAP. IV.

OF THE TINCTURES, OR ARMORIAL COLOURS.

THE essential parts of arms, (by some called the Elements of Armories), by
our former definitio'n, are Tinctures and Figures. Tincture is a general word
for metals and colours made use of in the science of heraldry ; and, in place of it,
the French use the word Emaux, i. e. Enamelling, in placing colour upon gold and
silver, the two metals in armories.

The tinctures, or armorial colours are seven, viz. two metals, gold and silver,
and five colours, blue, red, black, green, and purple.

These tinctures are said, by Sylvester Petra Sancta and others, to be taken from
the liveries of the four companies which acted upon the Roman theatres ; and Me-
nestrier would have them brought from the Roman legions, as in his L' Origine de
1'Art du Elason.

In this science, tinctures, as well as figures, have their proper and fixed terms all
Europe over, to which heralds hold close in their blazons ; so that almost all na-
tions understand arid receive them in these terms, as an universal language, whiclr
\vc very much owe to the French. And the terms of the tinctures are these :

Or,

i. e. Gold.

Argent,

i. e. Silver.

Azure,

i. e. Blue.

Gules,

i.e. Red.

Sable,

i. e. Black.

Vert, or 7
Simple, 5

i. e. Green.

Purpure,

i. e. Purple.

There have been some debates among heralds, which of these tinctures are most
honourable. All agree in giving precedency to the metals or and argent ; but the
contest is in ranking the colours, some esteeming them more noble, according to
nature, as they participate most of light. As Upton, a canon of Sarum-Wells in
England, in his Treatise of Arms, ranks them thus : azure, gules, purpure, vert,
sable, preferring azure to gules, grounding his opinion on that laying, " Golores
" esse nobiliores, aut ignobiliores quo de albedine vel nigredine plus participant."

Others prefer those colours that can be best distinguished at the greatest distance,
and the farther these distinctions or colours appear, they are, according to them,
the more noscible and commendable ; upon which head they tell us, the Imperial
Black Eagle is placed in a white" field. Gerard Leigh prefers gules to azure, be-
cause it is nearer to the colour of the metal or than azure, which participates ot the
metal argent. And some prefer sable before vert and pur pure, because its deepness
is more conspicuous at a distance ; and they prefer vert to purpure, because the last
was but lately received into this science. But all these precedencies given to
tinctures must be considered with this proviso, that there be no other special reasons
for the bearing of them otherwise in the ensigns of kingdoms and families.

In all coats of arms there must be, at least, two tinctures ; and there is a gene-
ral rule given by heralds, that the field should be of a more noble tincture than:

,4 OF THE TINCTURE

the figure placed upon it ; as in the arms of Scotland, the fit-Id ia or, the figure,
the lion, is gules. Again, if the field consist of two different tinctures, parted/*-;
fi-sse, parted per pale, &c. the noblest tincture should be on the upper part, or on
'the right side of the shield, as Hoppingius, Cap. XI. lex. 4. " Quoties arma iiunt
" ex diversis coloribus, semper nobilior color nobiliore in loco ponendus ;" pro-
viding always, as before, there be no ether special reason for the contrary.

Those tinctures at the first view, when painted and illuminated, are known by
their natural colours ; and when carved and engraven on copperplate, they were
anciently known by the initial letters of their names. But now in Tailledouce they
are known by points, hatches, or small lines ; which contrivance some impute to
the French, and others to the Italian, Sylvester Petra Sancta ; which I shall here
show, as I speak separately of the tinctures.

1. Or, a French word which signifies gold, its colour is yellow; and in Latin
blazons, these words are used for it, aureus color, aurum, lutcum, croceum\flavum, gal-
binum. This tincture was anciently known in engravings by the letter O, but now
by points and ticks, as fig. i. Plate I.

2. Urgent, i. e. silver, its colour is white ; the Latins say, argenteus color, a/bus,
and argtntum. It was anciently known in Tailledouce by the letter A, but now it js
blank, and has no mark, as fig. 2.

3. Azure, i. c. blue, is said to have come from an Arabic or Persian word lazunl
or lazurion, which signifies the same ; it is variously latinized by heralds, caruleus,
cyaneus, glaucum, and cesium. It was represented by the letter B, now by horizon-
tal or thwart hatches, as fig. 3.

4. Gules, or Gueules, i. e. red ; some bring it from gula, the throat, because it is
always red ; others from an Arabian word gule, which signifies a red rose; and
others will have it from cusculium, cochineal, wherewith they dye scarlet : The La-
tins, for gules, say, roseus color ; rubor, rubeus; sanguineus, coccineus ; and Petra
Sancta uses these words, puniceum, purpureum ; conchileatum, ostreum, mineo vel cin-
nabri illusuni. Gules was known in Tailledouce by the letter R, now by perpendicu-
lar hatches. Fig. 4.

5. Sable, i. c. black ; some would have it come from the black furr called sables ;
others from the French word sable, which signifies sand or earth, being dark or
black : The Latins say, niger, furvus, pullus, fuscus, ater, iS sabuleum. It was
known by the letter S, and now, in engravings, by cross hatches, perpendicular
and horizontal, as fig. 5.

6. Vert, the common French word for green, is not used in their blazons ; but
the word sinople, taken from the town Sinople in the Levant, where the best ma-
terials for dying green are found.

I find green termed prasin, from a Greek word which signifies a leek ; the La-
tins say, viridus or prasinum. It was known by the letter V, now by thwart or
diagonal hatches from right to left, as fig. 6.

7. Purpure, i. e. purple colour, is said to have its name from a shell-fish called
purpura, which gave materials for that colour. It was known by the letter P, now
by thwart or diagonal hatches from left to right, fig. 7.

I must take leave a little here, to give the opinion of ancient heralds, who say,
that the last two colours were not so soon received in armories, especially in England,
as the former colours. John Bassardo, of that nation, who wrote in the reign of
Richard II. says. That in armories there were two principal colours, white and black,
and the other three, yellow, blue, and red, were composed out of the first two,
and that some heralds of late added the colour green. Henry Spelman, his coun-
tryman, who wrote long after him, tells us, that the colour purpure was but newly
added, and that he did never see that colour in English arms. Menestrier says
likewise, That in France, purpure was never found in arms, except to represent the
natural colour of fruits, as grapes, — of birds, as peacocks, &c. which are then bla-
zoned proper ; that is, in their natural colours : — For if purpure had been an armo-
rial colour, it would not have been wanting in the ensigns of Kings and Princes,
where it is not to be met with, neither have I found it in any of our nobility and
gentry's arms, but of late, in a new family.

Some tells us, that purpure is a royal colour peculiar to Princes ; in so far, that
all subjects were, by edicts, discharged the use of it, and the shell wherein it grew.

OR ARMORIAL COLOURS ic

, culled Saccr-mwcx : And the reason it was not so frequent in heraldry,
that the shell-fish, in which that material was found, and the art of extracting or
perfecting it, has been lost, ever since the Turks got pos^-.ion of the fishing at
Tyre, and other places, where these shell-fishes grew. And the colour which we
have in place of it, being composed of a red and a little black, or, as some <ay, of
red and blue, has not been thought worthy to be received as an armorial colour.
And though it be pretended by some, that the lion in the arms of the kingdom of
Leon in Spain, and the horse in the arms of Westphalia, and the lion in the arnu
of Bohemia, are of the colour purpure, and have been so blazoned by some, yet h
in they are mistaken; for gules, i. e. red, is called purptireus color, as before, by
Sylvester Pctra Sancta : And Bartolus, the lawyer and herald, who obtained right
from the Emperor to carry the arms of Bohemia, knew the colour of his own arms
best, and gives them thus in his Treatise de Insigniif, " Ut ego &• omnes de agni-
" tionc mea leonem rubeum cum caudis cluabus in campo aureo portaremus."
That purpure and gules are all one armorial colour is clear ; and that which gave
occasion to some to believe that purpure was used of old as a distinct colour, is onU
the alteration (says Menestrier) that is made sometimes on silver towards the co-
lour purple, especially when silver lies in moist places, and is exposed to the wea-
ther ; which made some unadvisedly to blazon the silver horse of Westphalia, pur-
pure: And it is the known reason, wrhy illuminators and painters make no use of
silver for writing, but only of gold, because the silver turns to a purpure colour.
Sylvester Petra Sancta says, The reason why purpure is seldom used in armories, is,
because it is only made use of by churchmen at the altars, and not by military
men in the camp : His words are these, " Quia violatius color aris non castris me-
" ruit, nee tint in vestibus &- in clypeis lionorariis qui castra sequebantur."

Besides these five colours named, the English heralds give other two colours,
more rarely used Him purpure, and of less esteem; such as tenney and sanguine, which
I cannot pass over, lest I seem to omit a part of the English heraldry.

Ttnney is a colour, say they, composed of red and yellow, by some called Brusque ;
.md they make it to be known in Tailledouce by diagonal lines from right to left,
and, ^ contra, from left to right.

Sanguine colour is a duskish red, which sometimes, they say, belongs to the
Princes of WTales, and to the habits of the Knights of the Bath, and Serjeants at
Law ; and they point it out in Tailledouce, by diagonal hatches from right to left,
and horizontal ones.

These two colours are, by the English heralds, appropriated to abatements of
honour, and so are dishonourable stained colours ; yet, says Guillim, if other figures
be of these two colours, they are looked upon as honourable : But neither he, nor
others, have ever given instances of any honourable families carrying figures of
such colours that I have met with. Randal Holm, who wrote since Guillim, in
his Academy of Armory, speaking of colours, says, " These two last colours, san-
" gitine and tenney, have been used by the Dutch and Germans, but not with us in
" England ; and, therefore," says he, " I do not set them down in the plate of
" cuts with the other colours." And in the i8th page of his book says, " There
" are indeed properly no more than four colours in arms with British men ; which
" are gules, azure, sable, and vert ; and two metals, or and argent."

Of these tw:o metals and four colours, are all the fields and figures of arms, ex-
cept some natural figures, such as grapes, oranges, peacocks, &c. which, when
they are represented in their natural colours, are then blazoned proper, without .
mentioning their colours. Some heralds will have those tinctures above-mention-
ed to have mystical significations, and to represent moral, politic, and military
virtues, in the bearers of such colours ; which fancies I designedly omit as ridicu-
lous : For arms, of whatsoever tinctures they be, are equally noble, data paritate
gestantium, if the bearers of them be of equal dignity. But lest I should seem to
be defective in this part of ajmories, and because most of the English writers not
only insist too tediously on their virtues and qualities which they fancy they re-
present, but give out for a rule in this science, that gentlemen's arms should b<-
blazoned by tinctures, the nobility's by precious stones, and sovereign princes'
by planets, to show their supposed eminent virtues, by which also they blazon.
Of such fantastical blazons, I shall subjoin the following scheme ; and if it seem

OF THE TINCTURES,

too narrow for some, who love to use other different ways, by the months, days of
the week, &-c. I recommend them to John Feme's Glory of Generosity.

COLOURS,

TINCTURES,

PRECIOUS
STONES,

PLANETS,

VIRTUES.

Yellow

Topaz

Sol

Faith

White

Argent

Pearl

Luna

Innocency

Blue

Azure

Sapphire

Jupiter

Loyalty

Red

Gules

Ruby

Man

Magnanimity

Black

Sable

Diamond

Saturn

Prudence

Green

Vert

Emerald

Venus

Love

Purple
Tenney
Blood-Colour

Purpure
Tf/iney
Sanguine

Amethyst
Jacinth
Sardonix

Mercury
Drains-Head
Dragons-Tail

Temperance

j°y

Fortitude

That these are but mere fancies, and are likewise unfit for the art in which
they are employed, is clear from the following reasons given by Sir George Mac-
kenzie of Rosehaugh, in his Science of Heraldry, p. 19.

I. The French, from whom the English derive their heraldry, and to whom
they conform themselves, not only in principles and terms of art, but even in ex-
trinsic words of the French language, do not only disallow these different ways of
blazoning, but constantly treat them in ridicule.

II. The Italian, Spanish, and Latin heralds, use no such different forms, but
blazon by the ordinary colours and metals, as Sylvester Petra Sancta in his Trea-
tise, p. 58. " Non variari nomina debent metallorum vel colorum in magnatum,
" aut in Regum Insigniis, pro hac re provoco ad Scriptores caeteros qui Gallice,
" Germanice, aut Latine hac de re disseruerunt.

The great design of heraldry, is, to have the art of blazon universal, and to have
the arms they describe, generally understood in all nations ; yea, and even Mr
Cartwright their countryman, does condemn these ways as fantastical.

III. Art should imitate nature ; and as it would be an unnatural thing in com-
mon discourse, not to call red, red, because a prince wears it ; so it is unnatural to
use these terms in heraldry ; and it may fall out to be very ridiculous in some
blazons : As for instance, if a prince had for his arms, an ass couchant under his
burthen, gules, it were very ridiculous to say, that he had an ass couchant Mars ;
for the word Mars will agree very ill with asses, sheep, lambs, and many other
things which are to be painted red in heraldry ; and a hundred other examples
may be given, but it is enough to say, that this is to confound colours with
•„ barges, and the things that are borne, with colours.

IV. As this is unnecessary, so it confounds the reader, and makes the art un-
pleasant, and deters gentlemen and others from studying it, and strangers from
understanding what our heraldry is ; nor could the arms of our princes and no-
bility be translated in this disguise into any other language.

But that which convinceth me most, (says our learned author), that this is an
error, is, because it makes the great rule unnecessary, whereby colour cannot be
put upon colour, or metal upon metal, for this cannot hold, but when metals and
colours are employed, and named.

Having now fully treated of armorial colours, as the first elements or essential
parts of armories, according to that part of the above definition, composed of tinc-
tures and figures, I lay it down as a principle, that a shield of one of the foresaid
tinctures only, without any figure, cannot be called a coat of arms, or an armorial
bearing, no more than a red coat or a black hat, arms ; and no more than a piece
of virgin -wax can be called a seal, nor a sheet of clean paper an evident, for two
tinctures are absolutely necessary, at least, to form a coat of arms ; and when two
tinctures meet in one shield, (though there be no proper or natural figure), there
appears a partition or terminating line, which makes a figure, however small ;
and is sufficient to make an armorial bearing, as will appear by the following par-
titions of the field, and of furrs, ermine and vair, of which I proceed to treat.

OF THE FURRS IN HERALDRY, &c. 17

CHAP. V.

OF THE FURRS IN HERALDRY, ERMINE AND VAJR.

FURRS used in arms are two, ermine and vnir, which are composed of two or
more of the foresaid tinctures : Heralds generally bring their hrst use in
armories, from the robes and mantles of princes and chief commanders, which
were lined or doubled with such furrs.

Feme, in his Lacie's Nobility, p. 72. says, That Priamus, King of Troy, in it
mantle doubled with ermine, fought against the Grecians ; and that the old Dukc-
of Brittany in France, as deriving their descent from him, carried ermine ; which
that dukedom continues to carry till this day. Columbier, Sir George Mackenzie,
and others, tell us, That le Seignior de Caucis, fighting in Hungary, and percei-
\ ing his army to fly, did pull out the lining or doubling of his cloak, which was of
the furr vair, and displayed it as an ensign to. rally his men ; which, for its good
effect, became the fixed armorial bearing of that seigniory.

That furrs were anciently in use in arms, we have an ancient instance of Pope
Innocent III. who, in giving absolution to Henry of Falkenburg, as being acces-
sory to the slaughter of Conrad, the first Bishop of Wurtzburg, enjoined him, for
penance, to fight against the Saracens, but never to appear in ermine and vair, or
any other armorial colours made use of in tournaments.

Sir George Mackenzie gives another rise to furrs in his Science of Heraldry,
where he says, " As shields were anciently painted, or covered with skins, as the
" targets or shields of our Highlanders yet are, the painting gave occasion to the
" colours formerly treated of, and the covering to the furrs or skins now used,
" which I take," says he, " to be a better rise for their being in arms than to say
" that they were used in mantles or garments." But, with all due deference to
that great man, I think that Sylvester Petra Sancta, and others, with a great deal
of reason and probability, bring both the tinctures and furrs in armories, from the
habits and garments of military men and civil magistrates, to the shield ; — of which
more particularly in the Chapter of Partitions. But to proceed to the description
of furrs in armories.

There are then two principal furrs, ermine and vair ; with their different kinds.
Ermine is the skin of a little beast, about the bigness of a squirrel, whose furr is al-
together white except the tip of his tail, which is black, with which the white
furr is besprinkled for beauty's sake ; and for its rarity and beauty is looked upon
as a royal and noble furr. The Kings of Scotland and England have their royal
robes doubled with this furr : And a distinguishing sign of the degrees of nobility
in Britain, is, the number of rows or bars of ermine allowed to them by sovereigns,
to wear on their robes, as signs of their degrees of nobility. A duke, in his man-
tle of state, has four bars of ermine allowed him ; a marquis, three and a half; the
earls, three ; the viscounts and lords, say our present writers, have only their man-
tles find robes faced up with a white furr, taken for a Litivite's skin. This furr is so
much esteemed by our European Kings, that, as Menestrier tells us, at the coro-
nation of Henry II. of France, for want of true ermines to line his robes, they were
forced to make use of cloth of silver, spotted with pieces of black velvet, to repre-
sent ermine.

Several heralds have been at pains to trace the etymology of ermine. Some,
probably enough, derive it from Armenia, where this little creature is to be found.
For the furr ermine the Latins say, muris Armenia veil 'us ; and sometimes exuvia;
Pontici muris, from the country of Pont us, where it is also to be found. And it i-
observed by some, that those got there are not so white, neither the tip of their
tail so black, as those in Armenia, from which country it has more co;nmonly it-
name. Others, as Edward Bolton in his Elements of Armories, Chap. XXX. di-,-
approvcs the derivation, of ermine from Armenia ; because these creatures are call-
ed there gtinutales ; and he brings the name from bermes or herme, which were
long square stones, formed like a statue, set up anciently by the Romans in their
public ways, and dedicated to Mercury ; and these bermes or berme were used al-

i* OF THE FURR ERMINE.

so in adorning sepulchres and libraries. So, by this hardy derivation of Bolton'.,
every spot of ermine in arms stands for a her me, or shadow thereof, turning a shield,
ermine, into a Roman Atrium, which contained the images or statues of the noble
Romans. This derivation, however improbable it may seem, I thought fit to give,
in regard it hath some congruity with the most probable opinion, that armories had
their rise from the Jus Imaginum.

Ermine is represented by a white field powdered or seme of black spots, irregu-
larly disposed as it were ; which black spots have their points upward, and topped
with three ticks of black, as fig. 8. And when a shield, or field, or figure, is of
this furr, argent and sfible, it is, in the blazon, only called ermine.

As for its different kinds, or sorts, in armories, they are after the same form, but
of different tinctures : As, if the field be sable, and the spots argent, it is called con-
tre en/lint' ; by the English, ermines, fig. 9. If the field be or, and the spots sable,
the English call it erminois ; and when the field is black, and the spots or, they
call it pe.'in. And they have another sort which they call erminits ; that is, when
a hair of red, or a little gules, is placed at the sides of the black spots in a white
field. But the last three sorts are rarely to be met with, even in English blazons,
being the peculiar inventions of English heralds. The French and we use them
not ; and if they occur, they would be blazoned or, seme of spots, sable, or sa-
ble powdered with ermines, or ; and not make use of the w^ords, erminois, pean, and
erminetts, not knowing what they signify.

Ermine, and its kinds, have two tinctures, by what is represented. The spots
are in place of figures, and so make a complete armorial bearing ; and, as such,
ermine has been carried by the Dukes of Bretagne, which we blazon only ermine ;
the French say, d'be i mines ; and the Latins say, scutum Armenia; muris •vellere de-
rcriptum. This duchy was annexed to the kingdom of France by Lewis XII.
marrying Anne, the only daughter and heir of Francis II. and last duke of
Bretagne.

The fields, and figures, or pieces of armories, which are laid upon the field as
charges, frequently with us and other nations, are of this furr ; and, when the field
is ermine, it may be charged with figures of any of the metals or colours before-
mentioned. And the figures being ermine, may be laid upon fields either of metal
or colour ; because furrs are composed of two tinctures, metal and colour, and so
may either charge, or be charged, without any breach of the rule, Not to place
metal upon metal, nor colour upon colour, of which I shall give some instances,
of carrying ermine as a field and charge.

The family of Soules with us, lords of Liddesdale, anciently carried ermine,
three cheverons,^/^; which I have observed marshalled sometimes in the achieve-
ments of the Douglasses, for the title of that lordship.

The surname of Menzies have the field of their arms ermine; and these also of
the name of Moncrief, M'Culloch, Craigie, and many others, of whom afterwards.
And the family of Hamilton charges the field of their arms, being gules, with three
cinque foils ermine, to shew their descent from the old earls of Leicester in England.
And these of the surname of Telsifer, Cowper, and Mushet, have some of their ar-
morial figures ermine, to show their descent from Bretagne ; and some of our se-
nators of the College of Justice have assumed the furr ermine as senatorial.

The spots of ermine are many, and of an indefinite number, being irregularly
disposed on the field ; but when a certain number of them, under ten, formally
disposed, and situated after the position of any of the proper figures in heraldry,
then the bearing is not to be blazoned ermine, the spots being charges, and are
•ailed with us ermine spots, by the French, moucbetures ; and in the blazon, their
name, number, and disposition are to be expressed. Gerard Leigh, an old English
herald, in his Accidents of Armories, gives an example of this nature, thus, argent
four queues (i. e. tails) of ermine placed in cross sable ; the moderns call them
'our ermine, spots, or mouchetiires, in cross sable. Henderson of Fordel has on a
< luef of his arms, a crescent between two moucbetures. Hamilton of Innerwick has
Uvo moucbetures on his fesse ; and Sir George Hamilton of Barnton has on his, che-
veron, argent, a buckle, azure, betwixt two mouchetures, sable. Monsieur Baron,
in his Art Heraldujue, gives us the arms of De Vexin in French, " de g ueles au
' croissant $ argent, charge' de cinque moucbetures de sable /' i.e. gules, a cres-

OFTHEFURR VAIR. 19

cent, argent, charged with five imucbetmes, sable. The Latin:-, call them, macula-
minis Armenia..

UK THE KURR VAIR.

VAIR is the other principal furr in heraldry. Its pieces arc ahv.iy urgent and
azure, as fig. 10. and n. of much esteem with the ancients in lining or
doubling of robes and mantles of Kings, princes, and senators, as heralds tell u ,
but diiVer among themselves about the nature of it. The most part, and learned-
est of them, tell us, that it is the skin of a little beast like a weasel, called I'm
which Menestrier says, is thus described in a manuscript in the Vatican at Rome,
" Yarns est bertia parvula paulo amplior quam Mustek, a re nomen sortita, namin
" ventre candicat, in dorso cinereo colore variatur, adeoque eleganti, ut pellis ejus
" in deliciis habeatur, nee nisi excellentibus viris, &- mulieribus convenire judica-
" tur in urbibus bene moratis." From this beast Varus, whose back is blue, and
belly white, they bring Vuir ; its proper colours, as I have said, being azure and
urgent. And when the head and feet of the beast are taken from its skin, it re-
sembles much the figure of vair used in heraldry, as Sir George Mackenzie and
John Feme observe in their above-mentioned books.

Others, again, affirm, that this furr is not called vair from the beast Varus, but
from vari'j vellere, being composed of pieces of skins of various colours sewed to-
gether ; and when they latin this furr, they say, Anna variata ex pellibus all/if
£5" cteruleis, so blazons Mr Gibbon for the arms of Beauchamp, an eminent man
in the reign of Edward I. who was at the siege of Carlaverock in Scotland.

The learned Uredus, in his Blazons of Vair, says, " Scutum vario vellere impres-
" sum ;" and so, with others, will have vair come from the Latin word vario, to
vary and change.

Some latin vair, not from the various colours, but from the forms of the pieces
of the furr, which seem to represent little shields, and so say, Farias pe lies scutula-
tas. And Le Traphe d'Arms will have these pieces of vair to represent pots,
bells, or cups, ranged in a right line, of which some seem turned upside down,
others upright, as tig. n. Sometimes the cups, or bells, are ranged in such sort,
that the points of one of the blue immediately touches another of the same colour,
as do these of the colour argent ; and this they call contre vair, as fig. 12. And
some heralds latin vair from the form of its pieces, which they take to represent
caps or hats ; as Uredus, in the Blazon of Guissnes, a French seigniory, and that of
the arms of St Pole, being gules, three pales, vair, a chief, or, are thus latined by
him, Scutum coccineum tribus palis vellere petasato impressis, lemniscatum,
summitate deaurata : The word petasus, signifies a cap or hat with a broad
brim ; so that for vair, the Latins ordinarily say, " Scutum vellere petasato argen-
" teo vicissim &• csruleo impressum," the arms of the family of Varana in Italy,
which are canting arms, vair being relative to the name. And Menestrier tells us,
the arms of Beauframont in France being vair, are also canting, and relative to the
name, who will have the form of the pieces of vair to represent bells, which Beau-
froy signifies befroy, a belfroy, a watch-tower or steeple, also an alarm-bell. The
like may be said of the surname of Belches with us, who carry vair equivocally,
relative to the name Belches.

We meet with grand vair and menu vair in French books. The first consists
only of three tracts or ranges of pieces of vair; so the fewer they are the pi<
are the larger, and latined by Sylvester Petra Sancta, " Petasi decumani grandio-

res." Menu vair, or little vair, is where there are more tracts than four ; and
this is the ordinary vair used in armories, which is always of the tinctures argent
and azure, as fig. 10. and n. Which tinctures we do not express in blazon, but
only the word vair, which is always supposed to be of these two colours. But if
the pieces of vair be of other tinctures, then they are to be expressed, by saying
vaire or vairy of gules, and or, fig. 13. : As these of the Ferrers, earls of Derb) ,
and their descendants Lords Ferrers of Chartley in England, who carried vaire, or,
and gules; thus blazoned by Jacobus Willhelmus Imhoff, in his Treatise, Blaz'jnia:
Regum parlumque MagncE Britannia, " Ferrarii, Comites Derbine &• Barones de
" Chartley, scutum quo utebantur petasis aureis &• rubeis variegatum est."

20 POINTS AND PARTS OF THE SHIELD, &c.

We meet often in French books vair or vairy, with their pieces otherwise ranged
than the former, as fig. 14. which they call vair en pointe; of which Monsieur Ba-
ron, in his LArt Heraldique, gives us the arms of Durant, which he blazons vair
en pointe ; and, when of other tinctures than argent and azure, vair en pointe,
d'or &- de gueles.

There is another furr rarely to be met with, but in the books of our English
writers, as fig. 15. which Gerard Leigh calls Meirre, a term used by them when
the field is grittie, as John Feme says ; that is, when the field is composed equally
of pieces of metal and colour alternately, as vair, cheque, lozenge, and meirre. The
last, of which we are speaking, is composed of pieces representing cups or goblets,
always of the tinctures of argent and azure alternately. And the foresaid Leigh
blazons this coat vairy cappy, (or t assyj ; and his countryman, Mr Gibbon, in
his Introductio ad Latinam Blazoniam, calls it, " Campum cuppis vel tassis variega-
" turn." But Guillim, and other modern heralds, say, the pieces of this furr do
represent the heads of crutches, and blazon it, potent contre potent, argent and
azure; Potent, an English word signifying a crutch, from the French word Po-
tence, a gallows, or cross like a T. The name of Bureau, in France, have a che-
veron of these figures in their arms, which is blazoned by Sylvester Petra Sancta,
" Cantherius ex repetitis mutuo insertis patibulis ;" and Mr Gibbon calls it, " Can-
" therium patibulatum ;" and the English heralds, Potent contre potent; as in
the foresaid figure. — Of which more particularly afterwards, in the Chap, of Cros-
ses, at the title, Of the Cross Potent, or Potence.

Having, I think, sufficiently treated of the nature and forms of furrs used in ar-
mories, which are a compound of metal and colour, and are sufficient of them-
selves, without the addition of any other figure, to stand for a complete coat of
arms ; when they are a field of arms, may be indifferently charged, either with
metal or colour; and when charges or pieces are of those furrs, they may be laid
on a field either of metal or colour, without offending the rule of heraldry, Not
to put metal upon metal, or colour upon colour. I now proceed to the principal
points of the shield.

CHAP. VI.

Til)' POINTS AND PARTS OF THE SHIELD ;' AND FORMS OF LINES, WHICH DIVIDE THE

SHIELD INTO SEVERAL PARTS.

I HAVE described the shield under several forms, and clothed it with armorial
tinctures and furrs. I shall proceed now to show its points or niduli, as the
Latir-5 term them, in which figures are situated, and from them have additional
terms in the blazons, to show in what parts of the shield they stand, and how dis-
posed of.

The names of the points and parts of the shield are taken from the parts of a
man, whom the shield is supposed to represent ; of which I have given two schemes,
Plate II.

In fig. i. Plate II. the letters ABC represent the highest part of the shield,
which the French call chef, the head. The English and we write it chief, as it
'.vere the most honourable and chief part of the shield.

D is called the collar, or honour point; because eminent men do wear their bad-
of honour about their necks, as the Knights of the Thistle, Garter, Holy Ghost,
Golden Fleece, &c.

E is called the cceur (or heart) point, as also the centre or fesse point.

F, the nombrel or the navel point.

G H, by the French, are called \\\zjlanque points; but by the English, the base
points. And I, by all nations, the base point.

^ is the dexter chief point ; B the middle chief point ; C the sinister chief 'point ;

^ the right base point; H the sinister base point : But the French call themflanques ;

and the letter I under them, they call the base point. The use of these points is to

difference coats of arms charged with the same figures : For arms having a lion in

chief, differ from those which have a lion in the nombrel point; and arms that have

\v<n>t4

OF THE LINES. 21

u mascle or mullet in the dexter chief point, differ from those that have the like in
the base points. Heralds tell us, these points have diflerent significations; for fi-
gures which represent wit, are placed in the chief points ; and these which give
addition of honour, are placed in the honour point: These which are given to re-
ward courage, are placed in the cceur or centre point ; and these that are given in
reward of supply or support, are placed in thejlank points, because a man's thighs,
or flanks, are his greatest support. But these thoughts are mere flights of fancy in
heralds, and seldom or never considered in composing arms ; but direct how to
place figures on a shield after the most regular and beautiful ways, and, in blazon,
to name the points wherein they stand, or are situated. When arms are blazoned,
without relation to4 or expressing the points wherein the figures are situated, the\
are then supposed to possess the centre of the shield. The other scheme being the
figure 2. in which the letter A is the centre of the shield, where, ordinarily, the
principal figure of the bearing is placed.

B the middle chief point ; — any figure placed there, is said to be in chief.

C is ordinarily the place, when three figures are carried two and one : The un-
dermost is there situate, as in the bearing of the house of Hamilton, gules, three
cinquefoils, ermine, two in chief and one in base.

D the dexter chief point, or canton.

E the sinister chief point, or canton.

F the dexter flanque ; and G, the sinister flanque of the shield, where are situate
the two crescents in the arms of Haig of Bemerside, Plate VI. fig. 28.

D B E are said to be in chief, or ranged in chief, as in the arms of Dalmahoy of
that Ilk ; azure, three mullets in chief, argent. Plate VI. fig. 34.

When figures are situate or ranged, as D A I, they are said to be in bend, as the
three martlets in the arms of Norvil. Plate V. fig. 20.

When ranged, as E A H, they are said to be in bend sinister.

When ranged, as H C I, they are said to be in base; the French say, in point.

When nine figures are ranged and placed as the nine letters in the scheme, they
ire then, in the blazon, said to be carried 3, 3, and 3.

When three figures are ranged or situate as the three letters F A C, they are said
to be in fesse.

And when five figures are ranged or placed as A B C F G, they are said to be
in cross ; and when situate as A D I E H, they are then ranged in saltier.

When eight figures are situate as the letters DBEGICHF, they are said to
he placed in orle .

OF THE LINES.

THE lines used in armories, in dividing the shield into different parts, and in
composing of figures, are of different forms, without which many arms would
be one and the same ; for a chief wavey differs from a plain chief, by the lines
which compose them : And there are particular reasons for these different forms of
lines, as shall be observed hereafter. These lines, according to their forms and
names, give denomination to the pieces or figures which they form, except the
straight or plain line. The crooked lines are these following : The first two lines,
Plate II. named ingrailed and inverted, when represented together, are somewhat
known, the one from the other, being opposite to one another, both being made
(as it were) of semicircles, the ingrailed with points upward, and the invected line
with points downward. Bxit this is not yet a sufficient distinction ; for suppose the
space betwixt them, which they form, be a fesse, then it is only ingrailed and not
invected ; for a fesse ingrailed must have the points on both sides turned towards
the field, and the convex or gibbose parts towards the fesse itself ; and so of a bend,
cheveron, and other proper figures in heraldry : And if these be invected, then the
convex parts of the line are towards the field ; but these lines are more clearly dis-
tinguished, when placed by way of border, as fig. i. Plate II. with the letters with-
in a border ingrailed, and in fig. 2. within a border invected. These two lines, in-
grailed and invected, are more hard to be distinguished, when the field is divided
into two equal parts of different tinctures, as parted per pale, parted per fesse, &c,

M PARTITION AND REPARTITION LINES

Here we know not whether the line be ingrailed or invected, except Wo observe this
rule, That the form of the line must be applied to the colour first named. The
French, for ingrailed, say engrele ; and for invected, canele. And those who write
in Latin, commonly say, for ingrailed, ingrediatus ; imbricatus, and striatus ; and
for invected, invectus and canaliculatus ; as Sylvester Petra Sancta.

Wavey, or waved, is said of a line or lines that are formed after the waves of the
sea, as parted per fesse wavey in the arms of Drummond of Concraig, Plate II. fig.
4. ; and the lines which form the bars waved in the arms of the earl of Perth, which
signifies, that the bearer got his arms for services done at sea ; as Sir George Mac-
kenzie says, That the Drummonds bear the three bars or faces undee or wavey, be-
cause the first of that name came by sea with Queen Margaret, who was married
to Malcolm Canmore, as master of the ship, and having suffered great storm,
through which he, by his skill, conducted them. He did thereafter get the three
faces wavey, representing waves ; which form of line, the French term unde or on-
de ; and the Latins, undulatus, undosits, or undatus.

Nebule, so called, because the line represents a cloud. The French heralds call
it nuance ; the Latins, nebulosa linea ; and is given also to such as have been emi-
nent for their skill in navigation.

Crenelle, or embattled lines, represent the battlements of a house ; and are said
to signify, in armories, skill in architecture, — valiant actions in defending or as- '
saulting castles, — or to show the bearer to be descended of a noble house ; for of
old, none were admitted to embattle their houses but great barons ; as Cambdeu
observes, who speaking of TunstaPs seat in England, says, " Rex dedit ei licentiam
" canellare mansam." The word crenelle is used for embattling, especially when
;t figure is embattled but in one side ; and when a figure, such as a fesse, is em-
battled on both sides, heralds say ordinarily bretesse, and some say contre bretesse.
For embattling, the Latins use the words pinnatus, pinnis asperatus ; as Uredus in
his Blazons, and Sylvester Petra Sancta in his Murales Pimiula-.

There is another embattled line of this sort, which Leigh gives us, called battled
embattled; because it hath one degree of battling above another ; and when the
upper points are sharp, it is called carnpagne, as if the points represented bastions,
the outer-works of cities and camps : When the upper points or battlements are
rounded, it is called crenelle embattled arrondi ; such an embattlement faces the west
part of the House of Seaton, the ancient seat of the chief of that name, Earls of
Winton. The line indented resembles the teeth of a saw, and has its name from
dens, a tooth, or indentura, a certain deed of writing, whose top is indented, or cuJ
into like teeth. Dancette, which is the same almost with the indente secundum
quale ; but not secundum quantum, for their forms are both one, but in quantity
they differ much, for the indente is smaller than the dancette: Also dancette
differs from indente, by reason it consists but of few teeth, though never fewer than
three, as Mr Holmes in his Academy of Armory, whereas the indente hath many
teeth. The French say for indented, denche, dentelle ; and for dancette when the
teeth are very long, and when there 'are but two teeth or points, vivre; which
Menestrier takes for the letter M, when the legs of it are extended from side to
side of the shield ; because, many who carry a partition or fesse after that form,
their names begin with the letter M : The Latins say, for indente, indentatus,
dentatits, and dentlculatus ; and when the teeth of it are very long, as dancette,
they say denies decumani.

I shall add other two forms of lines, lest I should seem to be defective in respect
of other heralds ; who, for the most part, confound their readers, and make the .
art unpleasant, and deter them from studying of it, by many fanciful forms of
'lines, \vhich are rarely, or never to be met with, their terms being gibberish and
bombast. The first of these two is termed patte, or dove-tail, from a form of art
used by joiners, who make joints one into the other by that name : It is by Mr
Morgan, in his Sphere of Gentry, blazoned, inclnvc, labelled, because the points as
;iiey proceed from the ordinary, such as a chief or fesse, represent the points or
ends of labels.

The other line is blazoned unde or champaine by Feme. Upton calls it vere ?
because its points are formed like pieces of vair.

IN MEMORIES.

These, not counting the last two, are the. common received forms of /;'/,
armories, and are called the accidents or attributes of armorial figures, which they
form, and if any other be in painting or sculptures, not agreeable to those abo\c.
as being uncouth and irregular, they are called by the best French heralds clattc.

The knowledge and use of these forms of lines are necessary in this science, to
distinguish and difference many armorial bearings, who have the same partitions
and figures, which would be all one bearing, if they were not distinguished and
differenced by these attributes and accidents of lines ; as will more eminently ap-
pear in the following chapters.

CHAP. VH.

OF THE PARTITION AND REPARTITION LINES IN ARMORIES.

A SHIELD of one of the armorial tinctures is not a complete armorial bear-
ing, as I said before, except there be more tinctures than one ; for then a
figure will appear, though but the termination of two tinctures or more meeting-
together, which represents a line or lines.

Lines then, which divide the shield, or field, into parts, are of two sorts. And,
First, These which divide the shield into equal parts, and cut the centre, are called
the principal partition lines ; by some pertransient lines: Of them there are four,
parted per pale, per fesse, per bend, dexter, and sinister, called by the French,
parti, coupe, tranche, taille. Secondly, Repartition lines, by which I understand
these which divide the shield into unequal parts> as parti mi-coupe, and coupe mi-
parti: But before I proceed to treat of them separately, and illustrate them by
examples, I shall give the opinion of the learnedest heralds, of their rise and use
in armories. Murk Vulson de la Columbier, in his Science Heroique, will have the
rise of the partition lines, from the strokes and cuts of swords, which military men
received in time of battle upon their shields ; and, to recompense the dangers
wherein they were known to have been by these cuts, heralds did represent these
cuts upon their shields by lines ; but for my part, L cannot conceive how these
strokes or cuts, given at random, could give rise to the regular partition lines in
armories, which are very mathematical, and regular in the shield ; and from, them
all the proper figures in heraldry have their forms and denominations ; whence
also the positions, dispositions, and situations of natural figures, have their terms in
blazons ; yea, the science depends upon the knowledge of them.

I am rather of the opinion, that the partition lines have their rise from the same
tountain with the tinctures and furrs, viz. from the habits of princes and military
men, who, of old, were clothed in the war with garments of diverse colours, parti,
•'/.Y/ic% bendie barrc, &tc. Of these party-coloured garments, Favin observes, in IiN
Theatre of Honour, were the jackets, cassocks, and arming coats of the ancient
Gauls, for which he cites these words of Virgil, " Virgatis lucent sagulis." And Eri-
therus, in his Notes upon this place ot" Virgil, says, " Quasi hae quidem in Virgarum
" modum deducts?, quibus vestibus milites utuntur vulgo, striati et divisati £• inde
"' livria in militaribus vestibus dicta." And Mr Frecheus, in his Origin of the
Palatinate from the Boii, says, the Dukes of Bavaria have anciently borne their
«KQa,patii4,bendt, argent, azure, for that they resemble the party-coloured cassocks of
the ancient Boii, who were these Gauls that attempted the surprise of Rome, and
that their party-coloured garments were white and blue, by which they were dis-
covered in the night-time. The Guelph. and Gibeline factions distinguished
themselves by party-coloured garments ; the first had them parted per fesse, of
two different colours, and the ether parted per pale ; and the same partitions were
in their shields of arms. Menestrier in his treatise of the Origin of Arms, is of the
opinion, that the rise of the partitions, in armories, was from those in the habits of
grout men, and of which he gives several instances ; a few of which I shall here
mention, as the ancient robes of the Consuls of Grenoble, were parti, or, and
azure ; and the garments of the officers of the city of Cambray, part;, gules and
argent ; and from these come the same partitions in their arms. The town of
Metz carries for arms parti, argent, and sable ; and Bergamo, a town in Lom-
bardy, carries also parti, azure, and or; the ancient habits of their magistrates be-

:4 OF THE PARTITION, AND REPARTITION LINES

ing of the same tinctures ; and these partitions are called devices, from the diversity
of their colours.

Besides those partitions, we find other pieces of armories to have come from
habits and garments, to the shields, of fields, especially those that are seme, or
powdered, with small figures, such as stars, flowers, &-c. And show evidently, that.
they were first on the stuff of garments, before they came to the shield ; for in all
coats of arms seme, the half of these figures appear on the sides of the shield, being
as it were so cut, when the stuff or cloth was shaped to the form of a shield-
Many learned antiquaries and heralds are of this opinion. Sylvester Petra Sancta,
in his Tesserae Gentilitia, has the title of his loth chap, thus, " Ex vestium ornatu
" petitur origo gentilium Tesserarum ;" and about the end of that chapter, he says,
" Si modum desideres haec signa transcribendi ex vestibus ad clypeos, nempe ex
" unius luminis panno, vel bipartite, vel quadripartito, vel lemniscato, vel scutu-
" lato ; fingas clypeo super poni pannum ejus schematis &- statim habes istiusmodi
" gentilitias tesseras :" And besides, it is certain the crosses used in armories, were
taken from the habit to the shield ; for those who undertook the crusades to the
Holy War had crosses of stuff sewed on their clothes, before they were in their
arms: Whence many shields of arms are mancbe, and gironne ; that is to say, with
sleeves and gushets, which are proofs that many figures came from the habits and
garments of great men to their shields.

But to proceed to the partition lines, as is said before to be four principal ones,
which divide the shield or field, into equal parts, by cutting the centre. The
English and French give them different names, the knowledge of both which are
necessary. The terms of the last would be found more serviceable in this science
than those of the English, who bring them from the ordinaries. And to explain
both, I shall add their terms in Latin, by heralds who write in that language.

When the shield or field is divided into two equal parts, by a perpendicular line
from the top of the shield to the base of the point, it is said by us and the English,
parted per pale. The French say only parti, as of other things, when divided into
two equal parts perpendicularly ; as Plate II. fig. 2. thus blazoned, parted per pale,
argent, and gules. The French, parti d 'argent, et de gueules. The Latins say,
Scutum a swmno bipartitum, dextra semisse argentea, sinistra coccinea : The arms of
the city of Bari, in the Kingdom of Naples, which are so parted, upon the
account that the ancient robes of their magistrates were of the same partition, as
Favin gives us in his forementioned book : The arms of Lucerne, a Swiss canton,
argent, parti d' azure i. e. parted per pale, argent, and azure : And Feme, in his
above-named book, gives us the arms of the name of Fairly in England, blazoned
after the old English way, counterly per pale, sable and or : They said of old
counterly, when the field was divided into two equal parts, for which they say
now, parted per pale.

There are several surnames with us, who have their bearings parted per pale, as
that of MAULE ; the chief family of which name is that of the Earls of PANMURE,
whose bearing parted per pale, argent and gules; a bordure charged with eight
escalops, all counter-changed of the same.

Those of the surname of ALEXANDER, parted per pale, argent and sable; a
cheveron and crescent in base, all counter-changed. The chief of this name was
Alexander Earl of Stirling, who, to show his descent from the Macdonalds, quarter-
ed their arms with his o.wn : Or, a galley sable, accompanied with three cross
corslets, fitched gules ; two in chief, and one in base.

The surname of NAIRN gives parted per pale, sable and argent, a chaplet
charged with four quarter-foils all counterchanged, which was carried by Sir
Robert Nairn of Strathurd ; who, being one of the Senators of the College of
Justice, was created a Lord of Parliament by the title of Lord NAIRN, whose only
daughter and heir was married to William, a younger son of the Marquis of
Athol, who took upon him the name, title, and arms of Nairn, which he quarters
with the arms of Murray of Athol.

The blazons of other families of the surnames above mentioned will be found at
the end of this chapter.

The term counter-changed, mentioned in the foresaid blazons, is used where the
Held is of metal and colour, and the figure which is placed upon them, partakes

IN ARMORIES.

«f both ; that part of it being of colour which lies upon the metal, and the other
part metal, which lies upon the colour.

When the partition line is .straight, and of none of those crooked forms above
mentioned, it has then no additional denomination in the blazon : Hut it it consist
of ;uiy of those particular forms, then the term of that form is added in the blazon,
and serves as a difference for cadets, as well to distinguish them amongst themselves,
us to difference them from their principal families. So Thomas Maule, a second son
of Maule of Melgum, who was a second son of Panmure, gave the same bearing
with Panmure, with the partition liae waved thus ; fig. 2. parted per pale, wavey
argent and gules, on a bordure, eight cscalops all counter-changed of the same.
And Captain John Maule, another cadet of that family, made his partition line
nebulc, as in the new Register in the Herald-ollice : Where also David Alexander
of Pitkclly, has his partition line ingruiled for a difference, thus, parted per pale,
ingrailed argent^ a cheveron ; and in base, a crescent, all counter-changed of the
same.

I shall here blazon the armorial bearing of the surname of Alexander, in the
vulgar Latin, and then proceed to the other partitions.

Scutum ad perpendicuiitin bipartitum dex.tr a semisse argentea, sinistra atra, cum can-
tberio & in inu'i iuna crescens, pradictis coloribus commutatis.

Parted per fesse, is when the shield is divided into two equal parts, by a hori-
zontal line. The French say, coupe ; the Latins, partitum ex transverso, and some-
times trinsvcrse sfdum; as rig. 3. parted perfesse, or and azure: The French, coupe
d'or, et d' azure ; the Latins, ex auto 13 cyano transverse bipartitum; the arms of
the Trotti in Milan. This and the former partition are very frequent in the
arms of the Italians, upon the account, there are few old families in Italy, who
were not engaged in the factions of the Guelphs and Gibelines, which parties
wore not only distinguished by such partitions in their arms, but even in their
habits, as before.

Those of the surname of BALNAVES with us, carry parted per fesse, argent and
sable, a cheveron counter-changed, of the same tinctures : Some say, that their
name and arms, are from a high hill, in the north of Scotland, called Ben Nevis,
whereabouts they lived ; the top of which hill is always white with «now, and it's
lower parts black with heather. Balnaves of Hallhill, carried the foresaid arms.
Mr James Balnaves of Carnbody, and chanter of Dumblane, parted per fesse,
argtnt and sable, a cheveron betwixt three cinque-foils, two in chief, and one in
base, all counter-changed ; and for crest, a hand holding a foot-ball ; with this
motto, Hinc origo, as in our new Register of Arms ; and some others of the name
have the foot-ball for crest, with these words, Fortitudine ^ velocitate, upon another
tradition of their name, that one Nevoy, playing well at the foot-ball, before one
of our kings, who cried out, Well-balPd, Nevoy ; from, whence the surname Bal-
naves, which tradition seems more probable, and that they are originally from the
family of Nevoy, because their arms are not unlike.

The surname of MIDDLETON, the chief of which family was the Right Honour-
able the Earls of Middleton, and Lords Clermont ; coupe, or and gules, a lion ram-
pant within a double tressure, flowered, and counter-flowered, with, flower de luces,
all counter-changed.

DRUMMOND of Concraig and Borlands, an old branch of the honourable house
of Drummond of Stobhall, and afterwards of Perth, parted per fesse, waved or and
gules, as fig. 4.

SHEWAL of that ILK., parted per fesse, dancette, sable and argent; in chief three
stars, and in base, a boar's head erased, all counter-changed of the same tinctures ;
as in Workman's Manuscript of Blazons, who was a herald painter in the reign of
King James VI.

The name VALENCE in England, parted per fesse, indents , azure and argent.
The name of KENDAL there, parted per fesse, indents, or and gules, as in Morgan's
Heraldry.

The third principal partition line, parted per bend, is when a field is divided
into two equal parts by a diagonal line, passing from the upper right angle, to the
left angle, towards the base; the French say then, tranche, the Latins, oblique^
dextrorsus bipartitum, vel sectum; as fig. 5. parted per bend, g ules and or.

OF THE PARTITION AND REPARTITION LINES

IV.IES AiLANofSauchnel, parted per bend indents, argent mA gules ; in chief
two crescents, and in base a star, all counter-changed, fig. 6. so matriculated in
the New Register : Others of the name of Allan, carry a pelican with three birds
in a nest, or; as in James Pont's Manuscript of Blazons, written in the year 1624.

The surname of DAKSALLOUGH, parted per bend, ingrailed sable and argent, as in
Mr Thomas Crawford's Manuscript of Blazons.

The surname of SPOT, parked per bend, dancette, argent and sable, two mullets
counter-changed, as in Pont's Manuscript.

The name of BOYLE in England, of which is the Right Honourable Richard
Earl of BURLINGTON, parted per bend, embattled argent and gules, (some say for
embattled, crenelle > Imhoff, in his Blazons of the Nobility of England, gives
them thus, Scuto constant oblique dextrorsum secto, ha ut dimidia ex parte candeat,
alter rubeat, sectionis vero ades in pinnas desinat, quartered in the achievement of
the Earl of Glasgow.

The fourth principal partition line, parted per bend sinister, is by a diagonal
line, passing from the upper left corner to the low right angle toward the base ;
the word sinister is mentioned in the blazon of this partition, to distinguish it from
the former ; the French say only taille, as fig. 7. taille d' argent et d'azure, i. e.
parted per bend, sinister, argent and azure; the Latins, scutum sinistrorsus sectum ex
argentco fc? cyaneo ; the arms of Zurich, one of the Swiss cantons.

In England, the surname of JOHNES in Derbyshire, carry parted per bend, sinister
ermine and ermines, (the French would say, taille d' ermine et contre ermine}, over
all, a lion rampant within a bordure ingrailed, or. The same arms are borne by Sir
JOHN TREVOR of Drynkynalt, in Denbighshire, descended from Tudor Trevor,
Earl of Hereford, but he has no bordure.

Sir George Mackenzie, in his Science of Heraldry, gives us the arms of ELLIS,
;. ailed per bend sinister, argent and gules, a hand couped, and grasping a lance
bend-ways, bearing on the top thereof an helmet, proper ; in the sinister chief an-
gle, a spur-rowel of the first, and, in the dexter base, a horse-head couped sable ;
but the Ellis's of Elliston and Southside carry .other arms, viz. eels relative to the
name, — of which afterwards. «

There were several families with us who had their arms of this partition, as in
our old books of blazons, which is now turned to the dexter, fancying some abate-
ments or ignominy in the partition per bend sinister ; but I have met with no he-
rald that says any thing to its dishonour, but all look upon it to be as honourable
as the partition from the right.

Having treated of the four principal partition lines, when but one of them in a
field, dividing it into two equal parts, I proceed now to show, what blazons they
have, when there are two or more of these lines dividing the field into many parts.

When the first two lines mentioned, parted per pale and parted per fesse, as the
French parti and coupe, meet in a field, they divide it into four equal parts or quar-
ters, which are of different tinctures, the first as the fourth, and the second quarter
as the third ; as Sylvester Petra Sancta, Cap. XXV. says, " Ex area simul ab apice
" simul ab latere intersecta habentur tetrantes equales &- recti ; atqui hi semper ita
" metalli &- coloris jubar alternant ut primus cum ultimo, secundus cum tertio,
" splendeant lumine consentaneo ;" fig. 8. quarterly gules and argent; French, ecar-
tele de gueides et d' argent. Gerard Leigh, and his followers, give out, That it should
be blazoned, parted per cross, gules and argent, especially when there are no char-
ges nor figures on the quarters. Suitable to this, Mr Gibbon blazons the same, as
carried by Vere Earl of Oxford, with a star argent on the first quarter : " Scutum
" in quatuor partes (sanguineas vicissim &• aureasj lineis ad crucis modum ductis
" sectum ; cujus quadrans primus Stella nr^entea decoratur." The German Imhoff,
in his Blazons of the Peers of Britain, blazons it better, thus : " Scutum in qua-
" dras sectum, quarum prima &• extrema rubent, reliqui candent, solaque prima
" stella distincta est argentea" The arms of the surname of TOUNIS with us, illu-
minated in Workman's Book of Heraldry, as fig. 9. where the two partition lines
are indented, is thus blazoned, parted per pale and per fesse indentc, argent and
gules ; in the upper quarters two stars counter-changed of the same. And here it
may be observed, that when the partition lines are under accidental forms, they

IN ARMOKU -

are then to be named in the blazon as the same figure, quarterly indent c, argent
and gules, in chief, two stars counter-changed of the same.

When the other two partition lines, per bend, dexter and sinister, tranche and
faille, meet in a field, they divide it into tour quarters, <n areas, as fig. 10. which
is blazoned, parted per saltier, argent and azure, by the name or bane in Dau
phiny. The French say, d'argentflanque d' azure; and frequently, fecnrtele en sau-
tiAr. The Latins, as Chifletius, scutum oblique de\trorsus & sinisirorsus sectum ; and
ImhofT, scutum in modum decussis quadripartitum. Some have blazoned them, girui
ne of four, argent and azure ; because these quarters are not square but triangular,
and meet in the centre as girons.

When the three partition lines, coupe, tranche, and taille, meet in one field,
they make six triangular areas ; which the English blazon, gironne of six, or and sa-
ble, on the first three negroes' heads, proper ; the arms of the name of CALLADKK
in England, as fig. n.

There is a rule to be observed in the above-mentioned partitions, That the tinc-
ture on the right side is to be begun with, as in the examples of parted per pale
and quarterly ; and with the tincture which possesseth the top or chief part of the
shield, as in the examples of parted per fesse and per saltier : Which rule, Syhr--
ter Petra Sancta gives thus : " Descriptio harum partium inchoare debet. ab eo ful-
" gore, sen coloris, sen metalli, qui primus observatur oculis in superiore loco, vel
" in angulo dextro." But, in the last example, we do not begin with sable, which
is in the dexter corner, but with or, because it possesses the most part of the chief,
and the sable but a cantle or lesser part of it. If there were a perpendicular line
added to the three former, all the parts would be equal. Then we are to mention
.first the tincture in the dexter chief corner, as in the examples following.

When all the four principal partition lines meet in one field, they divide it into
eight angular and conal areas, or pieces, like to girons, as fig. 12. which our he-
ralds blazon, gironne of eight pieces, or and sable ; but, in my opinion, these areas
are not properly girons, which are figures or charges laid upon the field ; for some-
times there will be but one, two, or three girons, and, in some bearings, to the
number of sixteen, — of which afterwards. And it is to b^ observed, that these
eight conal areas fall out necessarily by the four partition linos ; which, by the
most judicious heralds, are blazoned, parted per pale, fesse, bend, dexter, and si-
nister, or and sable ; carried by the ancient and honourable name of CAMPBELL, as
in Sir George Mackenzie's Science of Heraldry. Menestrier, in his La Science de
la Noblesse, gives the same arms to the family of Grolee in Bresse, which he bla-
zons, parti, coupe, tranche, taille, d'or et de sable. Mr Gibbon, in his Introducti'j
ad Latinam Blazoniam, gives us the arms of Bassingborn in England, which are al-
so the same with the paternal bearing of Campbell, viz. " Scutum linea perpendi-
" culari transversa, &• diagonali turn dextra, turn sinistra in octana aurea &-fur-
" va traductum segmenta ;" because, says he, these lines divide the field exactly
into eight gironal segments.

Besides the four principal partitions, now described, there are others, and espe-
cially one, very frequently used with us and the English, but not with the French,
especially under the name we give it ; which is,

Parted per cheveron ; it is made by two half diagonal lines, rising from the dex-
ter and sinister base flanks, and meeting in the collar point of the shield, as fig. 13.
parted per cheveron, sable and argent. The English heralds bring this partition,
as they do others, from the ordinaries, which the French do not ; and so the first
were wont to latinize this partition thus, scutum partitum ad modum signi capita/is,
which they of old latined a cheveron, taking it to represent the ancient attire of the
head ; — but more of this afterwards. Mr Gibbon blazons the foresaid figure, scu-
tum ad modum cantherii (another word for the cheveron) bipartitum, pars superior
nigrn i3 inferior argentea, carried by the name of ASHTON in Cheshire.

Those ot the surname of CR.AW with us give such a partition in their arms, a^
CRAW of Auchencraw, in the Merse, an old family, now extinct, carried parted
per cheveron, vert and gules, three crows, argent; and the branches of that family,
which continue in the shire of Berwick, have these partition lines under accidental
forms. Craw of East Reston, parted per cheveron. embattled vert and gules, three
crows, argent, fig. 14.

3 -, OF THE PARTITION AND REPARTITION LINES

When there are two perpendicular, or palar lines, dividing the shield or field in-
to three equal parts, without cutting the centre, as fig. 15. it is blazoned, tierce in
pale, azure, or, and gules ; and by the Latins, area tripartite in aquales trientes a
summo (Hi irrium ex cyano, auro, fc? astro, so given us for the arms of Douchat in
France, by Sylvester Petra Sancta.

Tierce in fesse is such another, made by two horizontal lines, dividing the field
into three equal parts, as fig. 16. tierce in fesse, azure, sable, and argent; the
French say sometimes, d' 'azure coupe, de sable et tierce $ argent. Sylvester Petra
Sancta blazons such a coat, belonging to the Berengi in Hessia, area tripartita
transversa in tres trientes ex veneto furvo IS argent eo.

There are other two tierces, after the position of the bend, dexter, and sinister,
by dividing the field into three equal parts by two diagonal lines ; the first, as fig.
17. tierce in bend, or, gules, and azure, by the name of Noinpar in France. The
other from the left to the right, as fig. 18. tierce in bend, sinister, or, sable, and
argent, by Turlinger in Bavaria. The French say, instead of tierce in bend, sinis-
ter, tierce en bar.

These partitions, by tiercing the field, are not used in Britain in forming a sim-
ple coat of arms, but only when they marshall three coats of arms in one shield, —
of which afterwards. The Germans, French, and other nations, have, besides these
tierces, which make up one coat of arms, others of the same nature, which do not
occur in our British Blazons, at least if they do, they are not under the terms used
abroad, of which I shall give a few instances for my reader's satisfaction.

Fig. 19. This is called tierce in mantle, azure, argent, and gules, by the name of
Absperg in Ratisbon, which is made when the field is divided into three parts, by
two lines issuing from the middle of the upper part of the shield, and dividing it-
self again at the collar point into two diagonal lines, somewhat circular to the
flanks. Which partition is frequent in the arms of religious orders, to represent
their different habits ; the undermost area represents the tunic or vest, and the up-
per part the surcoat or pallium, and in what colours they are worn. Sylvester Pe-
tra Sancta, speaking of this partition, Cap. XXIV. says, " Ad haec scutaria chla-
" mvs seu trabea, ter perinde scuti aream partitur ; & quod explicatur utrinque,
" hoc refert pallium, quodque intus apparet, tunicam seu internum amiculum re-
" presentat, ut dubitari non possit, quin ad similitudinem vestium, imo ad rem
" vestiariam haec symboli gentilitii forma pertinet, idque ordinum religiosorum etiam
" tessenc conformant, exemplo sint trabea aut coccinea, supra tunicam intextam
" argento; quoe est Ghisiorum Venetiis ac Plessenbergionum in Franconia." And,
on the margin, our author tells us, the French would call it pile or chappe ; and
gives us several examples of this nature, some of which are reversed, to whom I re-
fer the curious. I have observed, that the Spaniards marshall their arms by this
partition, tierce in mantle ; as the family of Henriquez, first and second, argent,
charged with a lion rampant, gules ; and the third of the last with a castle, or; be-
ing descended of a natural son of Ferdinand King of Leon and Castile.

There is another partition more frequent, parted per pile in point, or and sable,
fig. 20. so blazoned by Guillim and other English heralds. Gerard Leigh says, the
pile part of this coat may be charged, and no other part thereof; and that it may
be used as one only coat ; but by what authority he asserts the field cannot be
oharged, I know not, for the practice of England is otherwise : As in the arms of
SEYMOUR. Duke of Somerset, and of PARRE Marquis of Northampton. I do not
take this figure to be a proper partition, but rather a field sable , charged with a
pile or, one of the subordinaries, — of which afterwards.

Tierce in pile from the left to the right, gules, argent, and or ; the French say,
tierce embarasse d droit de gueules d' argent et d'or, for the family of NEGENDUCK, as
Menestrier in his La Science de la Noblesse.

Tierce in giron, bend sinister ways, sable, argent, and. gules : But Menestrier
»ys, tierce en girons en barre, de sable, d? argent, et de gueules, fig. 22. for the fa-
mily of Wa's.

Tierce in girons arrondi ; Menestrier says, tierce en girons gironnans au arrondis
de gueules, d' argent, et de sable, carried by De Mengentzer, as in his La Science de
la Noblesse, 011 la Nouvelle Metbode du Blason, fig. 23.

Tierce in pairle, is frequent with the French and Germans, Its form and name-

IN. ARMORIES.

is 1'rom the figure of pearl, — of which in its proper place. This partition is mad'.-
by a paler line issuing from the base point, dividing, at the centre, into two diago-
nal lines, which end in the dexter and sinister chief points, and divide the field
into three areas ; blazoned, tierce in pairle, argent, sable, and gules, tig. 24. borne
by the Prince of Misnia in Upper Saxony. Sylvester Petra Sancta not only give-,
us this partition, but the reverse of it, tierce in pairle, reversed argent, or, and
azure, borne by the family of Haldarmanstetin in Germany.

There are partitions denominated by the French, parti emanche, coupe emancbt .
&c. of the first, when the field is divided perpendicularly by points or piles, mix
ing with one another, or like a large dancette, as fig. 25.

Parti emanche, sable and argent, the English would blazon it, parted per pair.
dancette argent and sable ; or argent, three piles issuing from the left side., sable.
The French know nothing of piles — of which afterwards ; but say, when such fi-
gures appear, emanche, manche signifying the sleeve of a coat. By the descriptions
of these partitions, and the examples given, it is more than probable, that these
partition lines were originally from the habits and party-coloured garments of great
men. ,

There are other partitions, called by some repartitions, a few of which, chiefly
used in Europe, I shall here subjoin ; though these may be referred to the Chapter
Of Marshalling many Coats of Arms in one Shield. But since these are used by
some families in Europe as one coat of arms, I shall speak of them in this place.

This partition is made by a fesse, or horizontal line, and half a palar or perpen-
dicular line from the chief, terminating in the centre ; which the English would
blazon, parted per fesse, first parted per pale, or and azure, second argent. The
French say, caupe mi-parti en haut d'or, d1 azure, et d1 argent; and Sylvester Petra
Sancta, parma transversa secta, superiore parte partim aurea, partim cy tinea, & in-
ferne argentea, the arms of the Fatieri in Venice, fig. 26.

Fig. 27. parted per fesse, first or, second parted per pale, sable and argent ; the
French say, coupe mi-parti en base ; and Sylvester Petra Sancta, super ne omnino aurea,
inferne casia argentcaque, the arms of SchafFengergi in Bavaria.

Fig. 28. parted per pale, first parted per fesse, azure and gules, second argent ;
the French, parti mi-coupe, to the dexter d' azure, de gueules, et d? argent. Sylves-
ter Petra Sancta, scutum in dextra semisse quidem, super ne caruleum, inferne puniceum,
& penitus argenteum in lava semisse, borne by the family of Florcaneri in Bavaria.

I shall add this partition, consisting of six areas ; blazoned, parti one, coupe two,
azure and argent, as fig. 29. But this partition is fitter for holding different coats
of arms marshalled together in one shield, than to be a coat of arms of itself with-
out figures ; — but more of such afterwards.

There are many other odd partitions and repartitions of the field into two or
more parts, which are to be found in the books of heralds before-mentioned, which,
for brevity's sake, I omit ; because they are not to be met with in our Britannic
Bearings, and rarely in eminent families abroad. I shall only here add one, which
is a little singular with us, which I met with in a part of a manuscript of the learn-
ed Mr Thomas Crawfurd, a curious antiquary and herald, whose writings on this
and other sciences, were, to the great loss of our country, embezzled and destroy-
ed after his death. He gives us the arms of Garth, (or M'Garth), in Galloway, an
old name, but now not frequent, as fig. 30. which he blazons, quarterly per pale
and cheveron, argent and gules.

To put an end to these partitions and repartitions, I shall only advise my reader
to carry along with him the four principal partition lines, as they are given in the
English and French terms ; from which not only the other partitions and reparti-
tions, which commonly occur, but also the following proper figures in heraldry,
which I am to treat of, have their names.

And here I shall conclude this chapter, as I propose to do those that follow, with
a collection of blazons of the several families with us, which have for their bearings
one or more of those partitions or figures whereof I have now treated, or may treat
hereafter, in their proper places : Which I choose rather to do, than interrupt my
reader by a multitude of blazons at the end of every paragraph.

JAMES ALEXANDER of Knockhill, parted per pale, argent and sable, a cheveron
and crescent in base, all counter-changed, with a mullet for difference. N. R. . By

3o OF THE PARTITION AND REPARTITION LINES

these two letters I understand the New Register of the Lyon Office ; so that those
blazons, marked with these letters, are to be found matriculated there.

ALEXANDER ALEXANDER of Au.cb.mull, some time Bailie of Aberdeen, parted per
pale, argent and sable, a cheveron between two mullets in chief, and a crescent in
base, all counter-changed ; crest, a hand sustaining a pair of balances of equal
scales : motto, ^uod tibi ne alteri. N. R.

ROBERT ALEXANDER of Boghall, parti argent and sable, a cheveron betwixt a
writing-pen, fesse-ways, in chief, and a crescent in base, all counter-changed ; crest,
a hand holding a quill : motto, Fidem serva. N. R.

JAMES ALEXANDER of Kinglassy, parti argent and sable, a cheveron bruised at
the top, and, in base, a crescent counter-changed, quartered with the arms of the
name of Aiton ; crest, a horse-head couped gules, bridled argent : motto, Ducitur
non trahitur. N. R.

The Right Honourable the Earls of MJDDLETON, Lords Clermont and Fettercairn,
parted per fesse, or and gules, a lion rampant within a double tressure, flowered and
counter-flowered with flower-de-luces, all counter-changed j crest, a tower embat-
tled sable, and on the top of it a lion rampant ; supporters, two eagles sable, armed
and crowned, or : motto, Fortis in arduis.

This noble family is the principal one of the ancient surname of Middleton, so
called from their lands, which lie in the sherifFdom of Kincardine, as Sir George
Mackenzie in his Manuscript, who tells us, that the ancient evident, now extant
of the family, is a charter of King William's, conh'rming a donation of King
Duncan's, of the lands of Middleton, to Malcolm the son of Kenneth, from whence
they took the surname, and were designed Middletons of that Ilk, till they sold
these lands, and were thereafter designed Middletons of Cadham, till the year
1660, that John Middleton, for his eminent loyalty and bright parts, was advanced
by King Charles II. to be Earl of Middleton, and High Commissioner to the Par-
liament of Scotland ; and then got a concession of the double tressure to be added
to his arms. He was succeeded in his titles and dignities, by his son Charles Earl
of Middleton, who was secretary of state for Scotland, and afterwards for England..
The other branches of the family of Middleton, whose arms are to be found in the
Lyon Register, are these :

Captain ROBERT MIDDLETON, descended of the family of MIDDLETON of Kill-
hill, parted per fesse, or and gules, a lion rampant within a bordure embattled,
all counter-changed ; crest, a boar's head erased and erected, azure; motto, Guard
jour self.

Captain LAURENCE MIDDLETON, descended of Middleton of Clcrkhill, who.
was a fifth brother of Killhill, carried the same, only with the variation of having
the bordure nebule ; crest, an ape sitting on the top of a tree, all proper ; motto,
Arte y Marte.

JOHN MIDDLETON, merchant in Frasersburgh, descended 'of the Middletons of
Fettercairn, parted per fesse, or and gules, a lion rampant counter-changed of the
same, armed and langued azure, holding in his dexter paw an astrolabe, proper ;
motto, My hope is in God.

MR JoftN MIDDLETON, a minister of the gospel in England, in the county of
Essex, second lawful son to Mr Alexander Middleton, principal of the King's
College in the university of Aberdeen, parted per fesse, or and gules, a lion rampant
within a bordure, indented and counter-changed of the same.

The surname of CRAIK, coupe, argent and vert, in chief three roses, gules ; and
in base a ship, or, with sails thirled up.

The surname of ALISON, parted per bend, gules and or; a flower-de-luce coun-
ter-changed, as in Mackenzie's Heraldry, Clan M'lver, or Clan Kiver, quarterly,
or and gules, over all a bend sable, as in Mr Thomas Crawfurd's Manuscript of
Blazons.

The Lord WIDDRINGTON in Lincolnshire, in England, quarterly, argent and

, a bend sable.

The paternal ensign of the ancient surname of CAMPBELL, ao I observed before,

i composed of the four principal partition lines, parti, coupe, tranche, faille, which

divide the field into eight gironal segments, ordinarily blazoned with us, gironne of

IN ARMORIES. . 3r

'jighf, or and sable ; by the mistake of the engraver, in the Plate of the Achieve-
ments, it is sable and or, and so in several blazons in the Register of Arms.

I here give the blazon of the achievement of his Grace JOHN Duke of ARGYLE,
Earl of GREENWICH, &-c. chief of the ancient and honourable surname of CAMP-
BELL, quarterly, first and fourth gironne of eight pieces, or- and sable, second and
third argent, a galley or lymphad, sable; sails furled up, flag and pinnets Hying,
and oars in action, for the lordship of Lorn ; surrounded with the principal ensign
of the most noble Order of the Garter, with the George pendant, as one of thr
Knights Companions of the said Order ; timbred with crown, helmet, and mamv
lings, befitting his quality ; and on a wreath of his tinctures, for crest, a boar's
head couped, or; with the motto on an escrol, Ne obliviscaris ; and for supporters,
two lions gardant gules, armed and langued azure, standing on a compartment,
whereon are these words, Vix ea nostra voco; and behind the shield are placed a
batton and sword accolle saltierways, the one being gules seme of thistles, or, and
ensigned with an imperial crown, and the crest of Scotland ; and the other, a
sword proper, hilled and pommelled or, being the two badges of the Great Master
of the Household, and High Justiciar of the Kingdom of Scotland ; as in the
Plate of Achievements.

The Right Honourable HUGH CAMPBELL, Earl of LOUDON, descended of old of
the ancient family of LOCHOW, afterwards Earls and Dukes of Argyle, carried the
same gironal segments of different tinctures as his progenitors have done. The
first of them, Duncan Campbell, in the reign of King Robert the Bruce, married
Susanna Crawfurd, heiress of Loudon, as is evident by that king's charters ; upon
which account, in place of the tinctures or and sable, the family has ever since
been in use to have, for their tinctures, gules and ermine, being these in the bearing
of Crawfurd of Loudon, viz. gules, a fesse. ermine. The achievement of the present
Earl of Loudon, is gironne of eight gules and ermine, surrounded with a collar of
the most ancient and noble Order of the Thistle, or that of St Andrew, with the
badges thereat pendant : Which arms are timbred with crown, helmet, and mant-
lings, agreeable to his quality ; and, on a wreath of his tinctures, for crest, an
eagle displayed with two heads within a flame of fire, and on an escrol ; for motto,
/ bide my time ; supported on the dexter by a man armed at all points, holding a
spear, proper ; and, on the sinister, by a lady richly apparelled, holding in her
hand a missive letter ; as in the Plate of Achievements..

The Right Honourable JOHN Earl of BREADALBANE, Lord GLENORCHY, quarterly,
first, the paternal coat of Campbell, as descended of a younger son of the family
of Lochow, now dignified with the title of Duke of Argyle. Secondly, argent, a
lymphad sable, and oars in action. Thirdly, or, a fesse cheque, azure and argent,
as being descended of one of the co-heiresses of Stewart of Lorn ; and the fourtli
as the first : Which arms are adorned with crown, helmet, and mantlings, befitting
his quality, and on a wreath of the tinctures of his paternal bearing : For crest, a
boar's head erased, proper ; supporters, two stags, proper ; attired and unguled or ;
motto, Follow me.

The other cadets of the noble family of Argyle, I add here, as they stand record-
ed in our Modern Register : Sir HUGH CAMPBELL of Calder, quarterly, or, a hart's
head cabossed, sable, attired gules, for the name of Calder, the heiress of which
name and lands, one of his progenitors married. Secondly, gironne of eight, or
and sable, for Campbell. Thirdly, argent, a galley with her oars in action, sable,
for Lorn. Fourthly, or, on a fesse, azure, three buckles of the first ; crest, a swan,
proper ; crowned, or ; motto, Be mindful : Supported on the dexter by a lion ram-
pant, gardant gules, armed or; and on the sinister, by a hart, proper.

Sir JAMES CAMPBELL of Lawers, gironne of eight, sable and or, within a bordure
vair; crest, a boar's head erected and erased, azure; motto, Fac fc? spera.

Sir GEORGE CAMPBELL of Cesnock, as descended of the family of Argyle and
Loudon, carried both their arms thus, recorded in the Lion Register 1672 ; gironne
of eight pieces, or and sable, for Argyle, within a bordure gules, charged with eight
escalops of the first ; and a canton, also gironne of eight pieces, ermine and gules,
"for Loudon; crest, a phoenix head erased, or; with thjs motto, Const anter fc? pru-
denter.

Sir COLIN CAMPBELL of Aberuchill, Baronet, and one of the Senators of the

p OF THE PARTITION, AND REPARTITION LINES

College of Justice, whose grandfather was a second son of Campbell of Lawer.^
who was descended of the first son of a second marriage of the first laird of
Glenorchy, who was a second son of the family of Lochow, now Duke of Argyle ;
gironne of eight, or and sable, within a bordure embattled vert : Thereafter Sir
Colin used the bordure nebule, and afterwards he caused mark it in the books,
ermine; and altered also his exterior ornaments thus; crest, a demi-lion gardant,
gules; holding in his dexter paw a sword, proper; and in his sinister, two laurel
branches, orle-ways : The old motto was, Ex campo victoria; but since he was one
of the Senators of, the College of Justice, he took for motto, Fictoriam coronat
Christus; and for supporters, two blood hounds collared and leashed, proper.

His son and successor, Sir JAMES CAMPBELL of Aberuchill, now carries the same
arms ; but has of late, by warrant of my Lord Lyon King at Arms, placed the
laurel on the lion's head in his crest ; and in his sinister paw, a Highlander's dag
or pistol ; with this new motto, Sequitur victoria forteis, He married the heiress
of Dempster of Pitliver ; whose armorial bearings, with those of his own, may be
seen engraved in copperplate, amongst the Plates of Achievements.

ROBERT CAMPBELL of Glenlyon, whose grandsire's grandfather was the eldest
son of a second marriage of Sir Duncan Campbell of Glenorchy, and his lady a
daughter of Douglas Earl of Angus, carries quarterly, first and fourth, Campbell ;
secondly, Lorn ; thirdly, Stewart ; and in the centre, a man's heart crowned,
proper, for Douglas Earl of Angus ; crest, a demi-lion, holding up by his dexter
paw a heart crowned : motto, ^ute recta sequor.

ALEXANDER CAMPBELL of Lochnell, descended of the family of Argyle, quar-
terly, first, Campbell; second, argent; a boar's head erased, azure; armed and
languid gules; third, Lorn, and the fourth as first ; crest, a dexter hand holding a
lance bend-ways, proper : motto, Audacesjuvo.

ALEXANDER CAMPBELL, brother-german of Waterhaughs, gironne of eight
pieces, ermine and gules, waved ; and a crescent for difference : motto, Tandem
licet sero.

JOHN CAMPBELL of Monzie, descended of a third son of the family of Gle-
norchy ; the quartered coat of Glenorchy, with a mullet for difference : motto,
Follow me.

JOHN CAMPBELL of Gargunnock, gironne of eight, ermine and gules ; on each of
the last, a bee volant, argent; crest, a stork, proper : motto, Refero.

JOHN CAMPBELL of Succoth, gironne of eight pieces, ingrailed or and sable; crest,
a camel's head couped, proper : motto, Labor omnia superat.

COLIN CAMPBELL of Blythswood, descended of Campbell of Ardkinlas, descend-
ed of Argyle; quarterly first and fourth; gironne of eight, or and sable; each
charged with a trefoil, slipped and counter-changed of the same ; second and third,
Lorn ; crest, a ship at anchor : motto, Vincit labor.

MATTHEW CAMPBELL of Waterhaughs, descended of the family of Loudon ;
parti, coupe, tranche, taille, wavey ermine and g ules : motto, Tandem lice sero.

ROBERT CAMPBELL of Glenfalloch, descended of Glenorchy ; the quartered
.-oat of that family, and for difference in the centre, a hunting-horn, sable, gar-
nished gules ; crest, a man's heart pierced with a dart, proper : motto, Thus far.

DUNCAN CAMPBELL, eldest lawful son to Colin Campbell of Monchaster, second
lawful son to Sir Robert Campbell of Glenorchy ; the quartered arms of Glenorchy
within a bordure invected, sable; crest, a boar's head erased cheque, or and sable:
motto, Sequor.

JOHN CAMPBELL of Moy, Justice and Sheriff-depute of Argyle, descended of
Campbell of Meiklellines, a third son of Sir John Campbell of Calder ; carries,
Calder's coat as before, within a bordure ingrailed, or; crest, a swan, proper;
crowned, or: motto, Be ever mindful.

Another cadet of the family of Calder, was Captain JOHN CAMPBELL, being a
third son of that family ; whose grandchild is Mr Archbald Campbell, writer in
Edinburgh, and who by his mother is descended of Campbell of Moy, and carries
the arms of Calder, W7ith such another suitable brisure.

JOHN CAMPBELL of Carrick, as descended of Argyle, carries the arms of that
family, within a bordure invected, or; charged with eight crescents, sable: motto,
Set on.

IN ARMORIES..

Sir COLIN CAMPBELL of Ardkinlas, descended of Argyle, gironnt of eight, <,.
and sable, within a bordure of the first; crest, a lyn.phad with oars in action,
sable : motto, Set on.

ALEXANDER CAMPBELL of Balgairshaw, whose grandfather was a second son- of
Campbell of Cronnan, descended of the family of Loudon, gironne of eight, ermine
and gules, within a bordure ingrailed of the second, and charged with eight cres-
cents, argent: motto, Lente sed opportune.

DONALD CAMPBELL of Auchawilling, descended of Sir Duncan Campbell, a
second son of Colin Campbell, first laird of Ardkinlas ; carries Ardkinlas's arms, and
charges the bordure with eight crescents, sable ; crest, two oars of a galley, di--
posed in saltier : motto, Armis fcr fide.

JOHN CAMPBELL of Innellan, descended of Auchawilling, carries the s?.me with
Auchawilling ; but, for difference, ingrails the bordure ; crest, the same : motto,

Vis & fides.

COLIN CAMPBELL of Ardintenny, descended of Ardkinlas ; gironne of eight, or
and sable ; a. bordure of the first, charged with eight crescents of the second ;
crest, two oars of a galley, disposed in saltier: motto, Terra, mare, fide.

WALTER CAMPBELL of Skipness, descended of Ardintenny, carries the same with
Ardintenny, but makes the bordure indented ; crest and motto the same.

I have just now in my hands, a charter in Latin, containing a precept of seisin,
granted by DOUGAL CAMPBELL of Corvorane, then representing the old family of
Macdougal Campbells of Craignish, with consent and assent of Ronald Campbell
his son and heir, to Duncan M'Callar of Ardarie, and Margaret Drummond his
spouse, and to Patrick M'Callar their son, &-c. of the one mark-land of Kilmon,
near Lochavich, in the barony of Lochow-Middle, and earldom of Argyle, dated at
Kinlochgoyll, the seventh day of October 1528, written by Neil Fisher, fbesaura-
rio Lesmorense & N. P. with a seal of arms thereto appended, having a formal
shield, gironne of eight, hanging on the mast of a lymphad or galley, with the
legend round it. S. (for sigillum}, Dugal de Creagginisb. Most, if not all the
letters, are of the old Irish character, by which the seal seems to be much older
than the charter, and probably cut before surnames were used, either in charters,
or upon seals.

These are also descended of the family of Lochow, now dukes of Argyle, and at
this time represented by Dougal Campbell, now of Craignish, who bears the same
arms, and uses for crest, a boar's head erased, proper ; with the motto, Fit via vi.
See the old seal and present arms in the Plate of Achievements.

CRAW of East-Reston, parted per cheveron, embattled vert and gules, three
crows argent; crest, a crow, proper: motto, Cui debeofidus.

CRAW of Nether-Byer, a cadet of East-Reston, gives the same ; and, for dif-
ference, a bordure counter-changed of the tinctures of the field ; crest, a crow,
proper ; with the motto, God is my safety.

CRAW of Heugh-Head, parted per cheveron, ingrailed vert and gules, three crows
argent ; crest, a crow proper, standing on a sheaf of corn : motto, Nee careo, nee
euro. All these are matriculated in the New Register.

The surname of LILLIE, parted per cheveron, ingrailed argent and gules, three
lillies counter-changed of the same.

The surname of CHAPMAN, parted per cheveron, argent and gules, a crescent in
the centre counter-changed, as in Sir James Balfour's Book of Blazons ; but in
other books, I find some of the same name to carry vert, a saltier ingrailed be-
twixt four sangliers' heads, erased argent.

H OF THE PROPER FIGURES IN HERALDRY, &c.

C H A P. VIH.

uF THE PROPER FIGURES IN HERALDRY^ OR THE HONOURABLE ORDINARIES IN GENERAL.

THE essential parts of armories, as before mentioned, are tinctures andjigures.
I have spoken of 'the first, and I proceed now to treat of the second.

Figures, in this science, are either proper or natural. The first have their being and
name from heraldry ; and as they are called proper figures, so likewise the ordinary
charges; as being of an ordinary use in this science. The second, natural figures or
common charges, are the representation of all things, animate or inanimate ; and
these keep their prdper names in blazon, though they have additional terms, from
their position, disposition, and situation in the shield.

The partition lines, which I have been treating of, may be reckoned proper fi-
gures ; because they have their names from this art, and give denomination to all
figures and charges, disposed or situate after their position : Yet they are not pro-
perly charges, but the termination of such armorial bodies or figures which they

form.

The proper figures to be treated of, are those charges, or armorial bodies, which
charge the field, or are laid upon it, and are commonly called the ordinaries, from
their ordinary or frequent use in this science, and by some heralds, th& principal or
honourable ordinaries ; (thi French say, pieces honor ables}, because they possess the
third part, and principal places of the shield : And some say they are called ho-
nourable ordinaries, because they are oftentimes given by emperors, kings, and
princes, as additions of honour to armorial bearings of persons of singular merit and
descent.

There are some proper figures, which are called the sub-ordinaries, or less honour-
able ones ; not upon the account that they are of less dignity and honour, but for-
asmuch as they cede the principal places of the shield to the honourable ordinaries,
when they meet together in one shield.

The number of the honourable ordinaries with the English is nine ; some French
heralds count ten, and others twelve ; and make every one of them possess a third
part of the field : But the English make them sometimes to possess a lesser part, —
of which I shall take notice as I treat of them separately. And since our heralds
have followed the English in numbering them nine, so shall I : And since they are
all of equal quality, I shall take the liberty to rank them after the method of the
partition lines, with which they agree in nature and name.

The honourable ordinaries then are : The pale , fesse, bar, chief, bend dexter, bend
sinister, crass, saltier, and cbeveron. Some English, in place of the bend sinister,
have the inescutcheon; but I rank it with the sub-ordinaries, which are these:

The bordure, orle, essonier and tressure, inescutcheon, franc, quarter, canton, cheque,
billets and billette, pairle, point, girons, piles, flasque, flanque and voider, lozenge,
rustre, mascles, fusils, fret and frette, bezants, torteauxes, vires, annulets, gutte,
paprlonne, and diapre ; all which shall be treated of in order, in several chap-
ters.

As for the nine honourable ordinaries, some fancy that they are brought from
the parts of a man's entire armour, as Columbier, who tells us, they represent the
complete iwmour of a chevalier, as the chief, his helmet ; the pale, his lance ; the
bend, his shoulder-belt ; the cross, his sword ; the fesse, his scarf ; and the cheve-
ron, his spurs.

But this herald has made his chevalier go on foot, and has not given him a horse.
Menestricr brings these honourable ordinaries from pieces of the consular garment,
from pieces of armour, and from the pieces of the rails and barriers of tournaments
and joustings, into which none were admitted but they that were truly noble ;
which rails and barriers were made up of traverse and cross pieces of timber, form-
ed like the ordinaries, where he has found out the saltier for a horse to Columbier's
chevalier.

But, to leave these conjectures and fancies, I join with others, that the honour-
able ordinaries have been invented as marks of different qualities in the bearers,

i i t 1 1 1 i
i t * * *

OF THE PALE. 35

and granted as additions of honour; as the chief, the reward of these actions which
are the product of wit ; the cross, of religious performances; the fesse and bend,
of military exploits ; the chevcron, of politic effects ; and the pale, a sign of autho-
rity. But, not to insist on their significations in general, I shall treat more parti-
cularly of their different significations, representations, and reasons, for which they
are become the fixed figures of some families.

CHAP. IX.

OF THE PALE.

THE Pale is that honourable ordinary which possesses tUe third middle part of
the field perpendicularly, and has divers significations 'and representations
in armorial bearings.

And, first, it is taken and latinised by heralds palus, which signifies a pale of
wood, or stake ; and sometimes, for palus, ptiludis, which signifies a ditch or chan-
nel, which it is supposed to represent in arms, especially by some towns in Hol-
land ; but more generally for pales of wood, with which cities and camps are for-
tified ; and has been given for an armorial figure to those who have, writh skill or
success, impaled a city or camp, or who, with valour, have broken down the impale-
ments of their enemy's camp or city.

The town of Beauvais in France carries for an armorial figure, a pale, with this
verse to show its signification,

Palus ut hie Jixus const ans ^ firma manebo ;

upon account that town stood out always firm for the Kings of France against the.
English. Others tell us, That the pale in this city's arms is relative to its name
Beauvais, which signifies a good way ; as the pale, in the arms of the town of Stra-
ta, represents a way or street, which Strata signifies. And Menestrier tells us, The
town of Fond, upon the way from Rome to Naples, carries argent, a pale gules, to
represent a ditch or channel, which Fond signifies in that country ; and the town
of Dordrecht in Holland, gules, a pale argent, upon the account, and in memory
of an old civil battle which occasioned much slaughter, staining the great street
of that town with blood, and the river, running in the midst thereof, clear, is re-
presented by the white pale.

The pale in the arms of many noble families is frequently taken for a mark of
power or jurisdiction, as the learned Menestrier and other heralds observe, to re-
present the paler part of the consular garment, which hangs down before from the
neck to the foot. Bishops, and other dignified churchmen, have likewise such ob-
long pieces belonging to their ecclesiastical habits, called episcopal pales, 'stoles, and
tippets, as marks of jurisdiction and authority. The episcopal pale is borne in the
arms of the Arch -Episcopal See ot Canterbury. But to proceed to the form of se-
cular and armorial pale, and its accidental forms.

Plate III. fig. i . argent, a pale sable, the paternal bearing of the ancient surname
of ERSKINE, the chiefs of which, the Right Honourable the Earls of MARK, Lords
Erskine, &-c. have, for a long time, been in use to quarter these with the arms of
Marr, viz. azure, a bend between six cross croslets, fitched or ; in their achieve-
ment, timbred with crown, helmet, and mantlings befitting their quality, and out
of a wreath of their tinctures ; for crest, a right hand, proper, holding a skein in
pale, argent, hiked and pommelled or: and for motto, Jepenseplus. Which achieve-
ment has been anciently, and of late, surrounded with the collar of the most no-
ble Order of the Garter, (as Ashmole gives us), and of the most ancient Order of
the Thistle, with the badges of St George and St Andrew pendant thereat, and
supported with two griffins argent, winged, beaked, and armed or. Of the anti-
quity of this noble family afterwards.

Several of the armorial bearings of the noble and honourable families of this
surname, descended of the house of Marr, are to be found at die end of this,
chapter.

.b OF THE PALE.

The pale is subject to the accidental forms of lines which compose it, as to be
invr ailed, inverted, indented, nelmle, &c. As, also, the pale is sometimes fitche,
or aiguise, that is, sharp at the point, and, in this form, it aptly represents a pale
of wood fixed in the earth, to fortify camps and towns.

The family of CHANDOS in France and England, one of which name was one of the
first Knights Companions of the noble Order of the Garter, as Ashmole gives us, in
his Institution of that Order, argent, a pale fitched, at the point gules, as fig. 2.
Plate III. ; the French say, a" argent an pale en pied aiguise de gueules; and Syl-
vester Petra Sancta speaking of the arms of the Sussonii, being argent, three pales
fitche at the foot gules, interdum (says he) bee sublica; Gentilitia cuspidantur in ima
parte. When the pale turns fitche, or sharp gradually, from the top to the point,
then they are called by us and the English, piles, — of which afterwards, being one
of the sub-ordinaries.

Plate III. fig. 3. parted per fesse, gules and ermine, a pale counter-changed ot
the same, and on the first three mascles or, used for arms by the name of Esplin.
Such another bearing is that of ROPER of Teynham, an old family in Kentshire,
which was dignified with the title of Lord Teynham, by King James I. of Great
Britain, thus blazoned by Mr Dale, pursuivant, in his Catalogue of the Nobility of
England, parted per fesse, azure and or, a pale, and three bucks' heads erased, and
counter-changed of the same.

The pale, as I said before, is' subject to the accidental forms of lines which com-
pose it ; a few instances I shall here add, as fig. 4. or, a pale ingrailed sable, by the
surname of SAWERS, which, having teeth like a saw, is relative to the name. Syl-
vester Petra Sancta gives us another coat of the same kind, which he blazons, sub-
lica furva utrinque striata, in aureo scuti alveola.

Plate III. fig. 5. gules, a pale invected argent, by the name of VECK, as in Homs's
Academy of Armory. And here it may be observed how ingrailing and invecting
lines differ.

As for the other forms the pale is subject to, as nebule, dancette, embattled, &c.
and how they may be charged and accompanied with other figures, in regard the
other ordinaries are subject to the like, and that I will have occasion to speak of
them and their attributes, I shall refer those forms till I come to them ; but shall
here add one singular form, which I have not mentioned before, viz.

Azure, a pale rayoime or, by the name of LIGHTFORD ; the French say, a pale
radiant, or rayonne, so named from the glittering rays and shining beams, like those
of the sun.

Plate III. fig. 6. azure, a pale rayonne or, charged with a lion rampant gules, is
carried by the name of COLEMAN in England.

This ordinary, the pale, is sometimes charged or accompanied with figures, for
which I shall add the armorial bearing of the Honourable Mr DAVID ERSKINE of
Dun, one of the Senators of the College of Justice, Plate III. fig. 7. argent, on a
pale sable, a sword of the first, point downward, for the surname of DUN, upon the
account that Sir ROBERT ERSKINE of that Ilk, one of the progenitors of the Earls of
MARR, married the heiress of DUN of that Ilk, who carried gules, a sword in pale
argent : Their younger son, in obtaining his mother's inheritance, placed the sword
upon the pale of ERSKINE, for his difference from the principal family. Some of our
old books of painting represent the sword as a cross croslet fitched or, taking it to
be one of these in the arms of the earldom of MARR ; but, in our New Register of
Arms I find them matriculated for DAVID ERSKINE of Dun thus, quarterly first and
Fourth argent, a pale sable for ERSKINE, second and third gules, a sword in pale ar-
gent, hilted and pommelled or, for DUN of that Ilk ; and for crest, a griffin's head
i' rased, holding in its beak a sword bendways, and on the blade of it is for motto,
Jn domino confido. Which arms are supported by two griffins gules, winged and
armed or.

The pale, as is said, possesses the third middle part of the field perpendicularly
from top to bottom, yet it admits of diminutions as to its breadth, the half of it is
called a pallet, and the fourth part of the pallet an endorse or verget.

The pallet, the diminutive of the pale, being a half of its breadth, is latined pa-
lus miniatus, and cannot be called semi-palus or demi-palus, which respects its length ;
for with the English it is always as long as the pale : neither, according to them,

OF THE PALE. 37

can it be charged with any thing, but may be carried between figures. I have not
met with the practice of carrying one pullet alone in a coat of arms, but where
there are frequently two, three, or more together in one field, except in the bear-
ing of the name of Ward, azure, a pullet argent, given us by the author of the Sy-
nopsis of Heraldry, fig. b. Plate 111.

The endorse, or vet-get, being the fourth part of the pallet ; the first is a term
used by the English, and the latter by the French, which signifies the same thing,
a small rod or branch of a tree, which were usually interwoven With the pales, or
stakes of wood, (in the sense we took them before), to fortify camps and cities ;
wherefore heralds tell us, that an endorse or verget are never to be seen in arms,
but when a pale is between two of them ; tor example, Plate 111. fig. 9. but here
the endorses are made too broad by the engraver.

Argent, a pale ingrailed between two endorses sable, by the name of BELLASYSE,.
thus blazoned by Mr Gibbon, " In parma argentea palum integrum ingrediatum,
" (hoc est in semi lunulas utrinque delineatum), &. duabis hinc hide vacerrulis
" planis ejusdem coloris comitatum." And Jacob Imhoil", in his Historia Genealo-
gica Regum Pariumque Magiuv Britannia;, says, " Insignia quibus Bellasysii utun-
" tur, in scuti quadripartiti prima &. ultima areola rubea, cantherium aureum, li-
" liis tribus ejusdem metalli stipartum," (i. e. quarterly in the first and fourth area
gules, a cheveron or, betwixt three flower-de-luces of the last, for Fauconberg ;
but the pursuivant Dale, in his Catalogue of Nobility, gives other tinctures, viz.
argent, a cheveron gules, between three flower-de-luces azure), " in secunda vero,
" &• tertia argentea, palum nigrum qucm utrinque taenia, eodem colore tincta co-
" mitatur representant." There was an old family of the name of Bellasyse in York-
shire, of which was Henry Bellasyse, who was created Knight Baronet by King
James I. and his son Thomas, for his loyal services, was created a Lord Baron, and
thereafter, in 1642, Viscount Fauconberg; and since, in anno 1699, their family-
has been honoured with the title of Earl of Fauconberg.

When there are more pales than one in a field, they cannot but lose of their
breadth, and be proportionally smaller according to their number ; whence they
have from the English the diminutive name pallet ; but the French call them al-
ways pales, though they exceed the number of four.

Plate III. fig. 10. or, three pallets gules, surmounted of a cheveron azure, char-
ged with as many buckles of the first, by the surname of SKIRVING. Thus by-
Monsieur Baron, in his Art du Blason, of such another coat, d'or, a. trois pah g ue ules,
a la cheveron d' azure, charge de trois fermaux if or brochant sur le tout. It is to be
observed, the French are not so nice as the English blazoners, who will not repeat
one word twice in the blazon of a coat, whereas the French do not stand to repeat
one word twice in one blazon, as trois and or are here twice repeated.

Fig. ii. Plate III. or, three pallets gules, the arms of the town of Mechlin in
the Netherlands ; thus by Uredus, scutum aureum palo coccineo tripartite exaraturn;
and the arms of the county of Provence being almost the same, he blazons, scutum
aureum quatuor palis miniatis impression, i. e. or, four pallets gules.

The arms of the kingdom of Arragon in Spain, are, or, four pallets gules ; which
the French blazon, d'or, a quatre paiix de gueules. This country was possessed of
old by the Kings of Navarre, till Reimar, natural son of Sanchez the Great, King of
N'avarre, erected it into a kingdom anno 1034, whose arms were then an oak tree,
because that country lies near the Pyrenean forest : But since it was annexed to
Barcelona, by Raymond Berenger Count of Barcelona, who married Petronilla, the
only daughter of Reimar II. and last King of the Arragonian race, about the year
1162, that kingdom has had no other arms since but these of the Counts of Barce-
lona, or, four pallets gules ; which are said to have their rise thus : In the year 873,
Geoffrey le Velon Count of Barcelona returning all bloody from battle, the King
of Spain dipped his four fingers in his blood, and drew with them as many long
lines o'n Geoffrey's shield, which became afterwards his fixed arms ; (we have such
another story of the rise of the arms of the noble family of Keith, Earls Marischals
of Scotland, which are after that same form, — of which afterwards), which account
is affirmed by Favin and many other writers ; but Menestrier will have those arrm:
relative, and speaking of the name Barcelona, £>uasi barras tongas, i* e. long
bars.

38 OF THE PAL!..

It is to be observed, when a shield is filled with such pieces, as pules, bends,
bars, &c. of different tinctures, those of the greatest number are to be first named in
the blazon ; as in the above example, the tincture or predominates, which is taken for
the field, and the pallets gules for the charge. But when these pieces are of equal
number and quantity, then we say, paly of so many pieces, and name first that of
the tincture on the right side.

HUGH GOURNEY, a Norman, was made Earl of GOURNEY in England by King
William Rufus, and carried paly of six pieces, or and azure. His daughter and
heir was married to the Lord Mowbray, and his brother Sir Roger Gourney carried
.is the said Hugh ; of whom Sir John Newton in England is descended, as in a
Manuscript of the Ancient Nobility of England, which I have seen in the House of
Seaton : 1 take some blazons out of it upon account of their antiquity, as those of
Simon Sentliz Earl of Huntingdon, who carried paly of six, or and gules, within a
bordure argent. He was Earl of Huntingdon in right of his wife Maud, daughter
and heiress to Waltheof Earl of Northumberland, Cumberland, and Huntingdon,
widow of David I. King of Scotland, and mother of Prince Henry. After Simon's
death, the earldom of Huntingdon descended to her grandchild David, brother to
King William of Scotland.

The surname of RUTHVEN with us, paly of six, argent and gules, as fig. 12. The
chief of this name was Ruthven Lord Ruthven, and thereafter Earl of Gowry.
They are said by some to be originally from Arragon, from the similitude of their
arms ; but this is no certain evident of itself, without other documents. This
ancient family, as others, took their surname from their lands, called Ruthven ;
and was dignified with the title of Lord Ruthven by King James HI. Thereafter
that fumily marrying one of the daughters and co-heirs of Patrick Halyburton
Lord Dirleton, quartered their arms with those of Halyburton, being argent on a
bend azure, three mascles or. William Lord Ruthven was by King James VI. creat-
ed Earl of Gowry, 1581. The family ended when the lineal succession was cut off
for their treasonable practices against that king. The next branch of that name
was Ruthven Lord Ruthven of Freeland, who carried only the arms of Ruthven,
paly of six, argent and gules; crest, a goat's head; with the motto, Deed shaiv;
and for supporters, two goats, proper, which were the same used formerly by the
Earls of Gowry, as relative to that title, which signifies a goat.

Fig. 13. Plate III. paly of six, argent and gules, over all, on abend azure, three
cushions, or, by the name of Lundy of that Ilk in Fife, as in our books of blazons ;
and are so illuminate, as I have seen them, with those of other Scots barons, on the
roof of Falla-hall, an ancient monument of arms. Over all is said of the ordinary,
and other things, when placed over figures proper or natural. And for over all,
the French use the term brochant, and blazon the foresaid coat thus, palle d'ar-
rent, et de gueles, de six pieces a la bande brochante d? azure, charge de trots coussins
d'or. The Latins, for over all, say, in totam are am protensum; or, toti superinduc-
tum, (as Uredus, in his Blazon of Sax. Modern}, or omnibus imposition. LUNDIE of
that Ilk carries now the arms of Scotland, within a bordure gobonated; of whom
afterwards.

Fig. 14. Plate III. Paly of six, argent and sable, surmounted with a fesse of the
first, charged with three stars of the second, by the name of JAFFREY of Kings-
wells. JOHN JAFFRAY of Dilspro, as a second son of Kingswells, the same, with
a crescent for difference ; with the crest of the family, the sun beaming through
a cloud, proper ; and motto, Post nubila Phcebus : As in the Lyon Register.

Tig. 15. Paly of eight pieces, others say, eight pieces pale-ways, or and g ides,
over all a bend sinister azure, charged with a crescent argent, betwixt two stars of
'.he first, by the name of MACKY.

These examples may seem to some to be contrary to the received rule in he-
raldry, that metal should not be placed upon metal, nor colour upon colour: For,
the above cheveron, bends dexter and sinister, being of colour, lie upon colour.
But there is an exception of this rule, besides others, which will occur as we go.
•along, viz. that, when the field is filled with pieces alternately of metal and colour,
whether paly, barry, bendy, cheverony, fusily, lozengy, flower-de-lucy, it is then a
compound field, and may receive a charge either of metal or colour, as the fields
of furrs do. Sylvester Petra Sancta, in his 83d. Chap, intitled, An Metallum in.

OF THE PALE. 3«>

Metalh esse, aut Cd'>r in Colore recte possint? says, " Satis t^t res comperta in par-
" mulis colore simul ac metallo, seu virgatis, seu scutulatis, rectc iconem totam
" exarari posse, aut ex colore, aut ex metallo."

Yet some are so nice as to make the charge counter-change to the metal and
colour of the compound fields above, as in the following example :

Fig. 16. Paly of six, or and sable, a bend counter-changed of (he same, by the
Lord CALVERT, Baron of England : The French blazon it, palle (for, et de sable,
de six pieces, a la btinde brochante de Vun en fautre; and the Latins, sex pahs,
aureos, y atros, cum balteo burner uli in totidem tessulas (c dlctis cohribus subalter-
natum commutatis ) subdiviso*

The pallets are subject to accidental forms, as well as the pale ; to be ingrailed,
invected, waved, &-c. I shall add here one example out of the book, intitled,
Synopsis of Heraldry ; argent, three pallets waved gules. There are other forms
and variations of pales, of which I shall add a few instances.

Fig. 17. Paly of lour, azure and argent, counter-changed per fesse. The French
say, contre palle d' azure et $ argent de buit pieces, by the name of JOWAY in France,
as Monsieur Baron. Such another bearing Sylvester Petra Sancta gives, being
paly of six, gules and argent, counter-changed per fesse ; which he thus describes,
rather than blazons : " Sed pulchre lumen reciprocant dimidii atque obversi pali
" tesserarii numero sex, nunc punicei argenteique, quae est tessera Rosenbergiorum
" in Franconia."

Fig. 1 8. Plate lii. Paly of six, gules and argent on a chief of the field, as many
crescents all counter-changed. Which blazon is given by Guillim, but he does
not tell us by what family it is carried : He tells us, in his Display of Heraldry,
Sect. 8. that arms paly represent strength ; and that the bearing of piles, pales,
bends, bars, and other extracted parts, meaning the diminutives of the ordinaries,
were called of old by heralds, restrial, in respect of their strength and solid sub-
stance: And Sir John Feme, in his Glozy of Generosity, says the same, page 180.
where he also tells us, that if these pieces be diminished, tierced, or voided, they
show weakness. I shall here give an example of pallets voided.

Fig. 19. Plate III. Sinople, three pallets or, voided gules.. Voided is said when
the middle part of figures are cut out, so that the field is seen through the middle
of them, or another tincture in its place ; as in the present example, thus blazoned
by the French, Sinople, a trois paux d'or, vuides et remplies de gueules* Such arms
as these, whose pieces are voided, are not so commendable as those that are entire,
by the fore-named heralds ; nor one pallet so commendable in arms as many ;
and far less an endorse or verget, except there be a pale betwixt two of them.

Having treated sufficiently of a pale and its signification in armories, together
with its accidental forms, as ingrailed, &-c. as also of its diminutives, pallets, and
endorses ; and shown by blazons, that we say, a pale, when it. stands alone, as in
the arms of Erskine Earl of Marr ; and how we say, on a pale, when it is charged
with a figure, as in the arms of Erskine of Dun ; and how we blazon, when a pale
is betwixt, or accompanied with figures : I proceed now to show when to say, in
pale, and pale-ways.

The common charges, such as figures natural and artificial, as I said before, keep
their proper names in blazon ; but they have additional ones, according to their
disposition and position in the field, from the position of the ordinaries, as the
pale, fesse, &-c. When three or more figures are placed or ranged one above ano-
ther in the field, after the position of the pale, then they are said to be in pale :
The French say, /'?/// sur I'autre, i. e. one above another, or range en pal : The
Latins say, in pal urn collocata, or, alter alteri super impositum, as Plate II. fig. 20.
azure, three stars in pale argent, by the name of LAMBOULT in France : And the
royal bearing of England has such a blazon, gules, three lions passant gardant in
pale, or.

Fig. 21. Azure, three salmons naiant in pale, proper, (Tun sur rautre, say the
French), by the name of FISHER. And, azure, three fishes (called Garvin fishes),
naiant, in pale argent, that in the middle looking to the sinister, and the two to
the dexter, by the surname of GARVEY. Mackenzie's Heraldry.

We need not say of fishes, as some, naiant fesse -ways, in pale ; nor of beasts,
passant fesse-ways : For all fishes naiant, and all beasts passant, are fesse-ways-

4o OF THE PALE.

So the terms, in pale, m fesse, in bar, in bend, respect the disposition or situation:
ot" figures ; and to say pale-ways, fesse-ways, bar-ways, respects the position of
figures : And this is the distinction betwixt in pale, and pMe-ways.

The ordinary disposition of small figures of the number three, are two in chief,
and one in base ; and it is not necessary to mention their disposition, but to say,
he carries azure, three flower-de-luces or, which are understood always to be so
disposed ; but if they be otherwise situate or disposed, then their situation must
be named in pale, in bend, &-c. And when oblong figures are situate, two and
one being either erect, or diagonally inclining to the right or left, then we say
pah' -ways, bend-ways, and bend sinister-ways ; for example :

Fig. 22. Argent, three sinister hands, couped gules, pale-ways ; we are not to say
in pale, for then three hands in pale would stand one above another.

Fig. 23. NEILSON of Grangen, argent, three sinister hands bend sinister-ways,
couped gules ; we must not say in bend sinister, for then would they be situate
after the position of the bend sinister.

When one oblong figure is placed in the field, as a sword or spear, after the
position of the ordinaries, it may be either blazoned in pale, in bend, &-c. or- pale-
ways, bend-ways ; but when there are three swords, or other oblong figures, they
must be blazoned pale-ways, and not in pale, as Plate III. fig. 24. azure, a sword
in pale argent, hiked and pommelled or, between three crescents of the second,
by the name of PATON of Kinaldy ; crest, a spar-hawk perching, proper : motto,
I- Irtus laudando, L. R. where may be seen also the arms of Mr ROGER. PATON of
Ferrochie, azure, three crescents argent (without the sword) ; crest, a spar-hawk,
with wings expanded, proper : motto, Virtute adepta.

Plate III. fig. 25. Parted per pale, argent and sable, three flower-de-luces in pale,
counter-changed of the same, as Sylvester Petra Sancta, in his Blazon of the Arms
of the Vasani in Venice, " Lilia tria, loco pali-tesserarii composita et semi-atnt
" semi-argentea, illic in semisse argento, hie autem in semisse atro."

BLAZONS OF ARMS BELONGING TO THIS CHAPTER WHICH HAVE THEIR FIGURES AFTER THF

FORM OF THE PALE.

The Right Honourable HENRY Lord CAR.DROSS, grandson to Henry first Lord
Cardross, who was second son to John Earl of Marr, Lord High Treasurer of Scot-
land, by his second wife, Lady Mary Stewart, daughter of Esme Duke of Lennox,
carried quarterly, first gules, an eagle displayed or, armed and membered azure,
looking towards the sun in his splendour, placed in the dexter chief point, as
a coat of augmentation for the lordship of Cardross ; second grand quarter, quar-
terly first and fourth azure, a bend between six cross croslets, fitch e or, for Man',
second and third argent, a pale sable, the paternal coat of Erskine ; third grand
quarter, quarterly first and fourth or, a fesse cheque, azure and argent ; second and
third, azure, three garbs or, on account of his lady, daughter and heir of Sir James
Stewart of Kirkhill ; fourth grand quarter as the first ; and for crest, on a wreath,
argent and sable, a hand holding up a boar's head erased, on the point of a skein,
thrust through the same, all proper ; supported on the dexter by a horse arjeat,
furnished gules ; and on the sinister, by a griffin, parted per fesse, argent and sable,
armed and membered gules, with this motto, Fortitudine.

The Right Honourable DAVID Earl of BUCHAN, Lord Auchterhouse and Cardross,
eldest son and heir of the above Henry Lord Cardross, by his said lady, daughter
and heir of the said Sir James Stewart of Kirkhill, having, anno 1695, succeeded
in the earldom of Buchan, as nearest heir-male of his cousin William Erskine Earl
of Buchan, (in whom ended the issue-male of James, eldest son of John Earl of
Marr, by his second wife the Lady Mary Stewart, daughter of Esme Duke of Len-
nox, and immediate elder brother of Henry first Lord Cardross, great grandfather
of the said David now Earl of Buchan), carries quarterly, first grand quarter azitn\
three garbs or, being the feudal arms of the earldom of Buchan ; second grand
quarter, quarterly, the paternal arms of Marr and Erskine. as a son of the house of
Marr ; third grand quarter, the arms of Stewart of Kirkhill, ("on account of his mo-
ther as above), blazoned in the Lord Cardross's achievements ; fourth grand quar-

OF THE PALE. 41

ter argent, three bars gemels gules, surmounted of a lion sable, armed and mein-
bered azure, the paternal bearing of his lady, daughter and sole heir of Henry
Fairfax of Hurst, Esq. whose father was second son of the Viscount Fairfax in
England; and overall the quarters, by way of .surtout, an escutcheon, charged with
his father's coat of augmentation for the lordship of Cardross, the whole adorned
with crown, helmet, and manthngs befitting his quality ; and for crest, issuing out
of a wreath, or and azure, a dexter hand holding a club, or batton, raguled pro-
per; supported on the right side by an ostrich proper, one of the supporters of the
ancient earls of Buchan, and on the left by a griffin g ules, one of those of the earis
of Marr : motto, that of his predecessors the earls of Buchan, Judge nought, as in
the Plates of Achievements.

The younger sons of David Lord Cardross, father of the above Henry Lord Car-
dross, carry the arms of their father, as in the Lyon Register, thus :

WILLIAM ERSKINE, sometime governor of Blackness Castle, and second son to
David Lord Cardross, his father's arms within a bordure or.

JOHN ERSKINE of Camock, third son, and some time governor of Stirling Castle,
the same arms within a bordure, parted per pale, or and argent.

CHARLES ERSKINE, fourth son to the said David Lord Cardross, the same within
a bordure tierced in fesse, or, argent, and gules; crest and motto to all of them the
same with that of the Lord Cardross, as above.

CHARLES ERSKINE, Advocate, and one of the Commissioners of the Court o£, Po-
lice, brother-german to David now Earl of Buchan, and second son to Henry late
Lord Cardross, carries the arms of his father Henry Lord Cardross, within a bor-
dure ermine for difference ; crest and motto the same as his father.

Sir WILLIAM ERSKINE of Brechin, who was Secretary to King James V. descend-
ed of Erskine of Dun, carried quarterly, as by his seals which I have seen, first and
fourth Erskine of Dun, second and third argent, three piles issuing from the chief
gules, for Brechin, but upon what account I know not : His representative is
Erskine of Pittodrie.

The Right Honourable ALEXANDER ERSKINE Earl of Kelly carries quarterly, first
and fourth \g ules, an imperial crown within a double tressure, flowered and coun-
ter-flowered with flower-de-luces or, as a coat of concession, second and third ar-
geqt, a pale sable for Erskine ; and for crest, a demi-lion gardant gules ; suppor-
ters two griffins or, armed gules, and on their breasts a crescent sable : with this
motto, Decori decus addit avito. He is lineally descended of Sir Thomas Erskine,
second son to the Earl of Marr, who, with Sir John Ramsay, rescued King James
VI. from the Farl of Cowrie's bad attempts anno 1600, for which he was honoured
with the foresaid coat of augmentation, and created Lord Baron of Dirleton, then
Viscount of Fenton, and afterwards Earl of Kelly, anno 1619.

Sir JOHN ERSKINE of Alva, as a cadet of Erskine Earl of Marr, carries that earl's
quartered arms as before, within a bordure quartered, or and vert ; and for crest, a
dexter arm from the shoulder, in armour, grasping a sword, proper : with this motto,
Je pense plus ; so matriculated L. R.

Sir ALEXANDER ERSKINE of Cambo, Lord Lyon King at Arms, \vhose father Sir
Charles, also Lyon King at Arms, was a second brother ol" the Earl of Kelly, car-
ries that earl's quartered arms as before, with a crescent for a brotherly difference.
More of which family afterwards.

JOHN ERSKINE of Balgounie, descended of a second son of the Earl of Marr,
quarterly, first and fourth azure, a bend between six cross croslets fitched or, for
Mar ; second and third argent, a pale within a bordure sable. L. R.

Captain PATRICK ERSKINE, in Colonel George Hamilton's regiment, third lawful
son to David Erskine of Kirkbudclo, lineally descended of the family of Dun, quar-
terly, first and fourth argent, a pale sable, for Erskine ; second and third gules, ;;
sword pale-ways argent, hiked and pommelled or, for the name of Dun, all within
a bordure embattled azure ; crest, a griffin issuing out of the wreath, holding in
his dexter talon a sword, proper : motto, Ausim i$ confido. L. R. These letters
stand for the present Lyon Register, where the arms of our nobility and gentry
have been recorded since the year 1662.

JOHN ERSKINE of Sheeltield, descended of the family of Balgounie, bears ar^i
on a pale sable, a cross croslet fitched or, within a bordure azure ; for crest, a

42 OF THE FESSE.

dexter arm from the elbow, proper, holding a cross croslet or, pointed downward :
motto, Think well. L. R.

Argent, a pale gule jv quartered with, the arms of Carnegie Earl of Northesk.

GRANDMAIN in England, gules, a pale or.

The family of ABBATI in France, d' 'azure, a pale tf argent.

The old Earls of Athol, paly of six, sable and or, which after became the feu-
dal ones of that dignity, to the families that were invested therewith. As to the
Cummins, Stewarts, and Murrays, for which see the arms of Murray Duke of.
Athol.

CHAP. X

OF THE FESSE.

THIS honourable ordinary possesses the third middle part of the field horizoi;.
tally. Guillim says, it is formed by two lines drawn traverse the escutcheon,
which comprehends in breadth the third part of the field. Menestrier describes it,
" Une pie'ce honorable qui occupe le tiers de 1'ecu horisontalment." And Sylves-
ter Petra Sancta, in his 26th chap. De Fascia Tesseraria, says, " Tsenia haec medi-
" am scuti regionem occupat, tertiamque ibi area partem implet ; refert vero mili-
" tarem cingulum q uemadmodum scutaria coronis refert capitis diadema ;" and so
will have it to represent the military belt, as the chief does the diadem of the
head.

It is written by us and the English fesse, and anciently faisse; by the French,
face, who bring it from the Latin \vovdfascia, which signifies a scarf; which word,
Chiffletius uses in many of his Blazons, as in his arms of Bethune, fascia cocci-
nea scuto argenteo impressa, i. e. argent, a fesse gules, Plate III. fig. 26. Sir George
Mackenzie, in his Science of Heraldry, tells us, it represents the scarf of a warrior
en ecbarpe, and from bearing argent, a fesse azure, the first of the Sharps, who
came from France with King David, was called Monsieur d'Esharp, and by cor-
ruption Sharp, of which name there are several families with us, who carry the
same arms with additional figures, as at the end of this chapter, among other
blazons.

The fesse, in armories, is generally taken to represent the military belt and gir-
dle of honour, used in the ceremonies of old at the investiture of the nobility and
knights. Cambden, in his Blazons, calls it balteum militare ; Minshew, cingulum
honoris; and Guillim, in his Display, makes use of both these words: Who says,
That the girdle of honour was anciently bestowed by emperors, kings, and gene-
rals, upon soldiers for their special services ; and quotes that saying of Jpab to the
man that brought him the news that Absalom was hanging by the hair of the head
on aaoak tree, 2 Sam. xviii. n. " Why didst thou not smite him there to the
" ground, and I should have given thee ten shekels of silver, and a girdle," which-
some translations have, an arming belt. Some latinize it, cingulum or balteum,
which was used as a sign of honour by all nations, and in all ages ; called by the
French of old, bauhlrick, the knightly belt, because kings and princes, in the ce-
remony of knighting their favourites, girded them with the belt. Favin, in his
Theatre of Honour, tells us, That when Charlemagne went to the battle against the
Hungarians in the town of Ratisbon, he created his son Lewis Debonnair knight,
by engirthing him with the bauldrick; which he describes to be a military belt or
girdle, to which was fixed, on the left side, a sword, and, on the right, a long po-
niard or war-knife, much like, says he, to the daggers used in Scotland.

Spelman also tells us, That knighthood was of old conferred by the cincture of
the military belt. And Selden, in his Titles of Honour, says, The girding with
the belt was an essential part of that ceremony : And, therefore, we find the por-
•niitures and statues of great men, on monuments and grave-stones", with this gir-
dle or belt, as a sign of nobility or knighthood, variously adorned with figures, pre-
cious stones, and studs of gold and silver, to represent their eminency. Such an
•jne has been anciently carried in the armorial ensigns of the noble and princely £k-
txiily of STEWART, which we call a fesse cheque, as Plate III. fig. 27.

Plate Jiff. Vol.1.

nK^fy^
[^A OL,^

K* •>£•

LULOXUl

iiltVt^

VII

XXVI

xxvir

xxyn

XXIX

XXX

OF THE FESSE.

The term cheque, in heraldry, is said of the field or any other charge or figure
lillcd with square pieces alternately of different tinctures ; \\ hich pieces Monsieur
Baron will have to represent, in armories, battalions and squadrons of soldiers, and
so a fit bearing for chief commanders of armies, as those of the ancient family of
Stewart have been.

Other heralds tell us, the term cheque is from the French word echiquier, a chess-
board ; because the accountants in the office of the King's Exchequer did, of old,
use such boards in calculating their accounts : And arms thus chequered, are call-
ed by heralds arma scacuta or scaciata, and the Court of Exchequer with us is
called, Scacariujn Regis*

The English writers of the Ancient and Present State of England tell us, That
their Court of Exchequer is so called from a chess-board used by accountants, or
from a chequer-wrought carpet which covered the table of the Court ; as the Court
of Green-cloth in. the King's Palace is called from the green carpet. But they that
would have more of this derivation may see Skene De Verborum Significations.

How agreeable, then, are the armorial ensigns of the Stewarts to their employ-
ments and offices ; who, long before they ascended the throne, were commanders
in chief of armies under our ancient Kings, and Lords High Stewards of Scotland,
and were always in use to carry for their paternal ensign, or, a fesse cheque, azure
and argent ; by the French, d'or, a la face echiquete, d' azure & d* argent ; and by
the Latins, scutum aureum exaratum balteo militari transverso, cyani 1st argenti, duc-
tu triplici scacato : The Latins ordinarily tell of how many tracts cheque consists, —
but more of this afterwards in the title of CHEQUE.

I have seen the seal of Walter, hereditary Lord High Steward of Scotland in the
reign of Alexander II. appended to a charter of his, for the south part of the forest
lying upon the water of Ayr, which his father Allan had granted, Allano Parvo, as
the charter has it ; wherein he gives these lands a-new to the Religious of Melrose.
The seal appended is large, and of an equestrian form, having the picture of a maa
on horseback in a coat of mail, brandishing, a sword with his right hand, and on
his left arm a shield charged with a fesse cheque of three tracts, and above his hel-
met, on his head, was also a wreath chequed, and round the seal were these words,
Sigill. Walteri filii Allani. This seal has no reverse : He died 124.1. The seal of
his son Alexander, (which I have also seen), was after the form of his father's ; but
on the reverse was a triangular shield, charged with a fesse cheque hausse, that is
higher up towards the top of the shield ; for which the English say transposed.

Such a fesse is carried sometimes on the account of singular virtues ; of which

afterwards.

I shall only here mention the seal of his son James,, seventh Lord High Steward
of Scotland, appended to a. charter of his, granting some lands to the Abbacy of
Melrose, " Pro. salute animus nostrae &• omnium ante cessorum &• successorum meo-
" rum, &• specialiter pro salute Alexandri patris mei charissimi." On which seal,
a man is represented on horseback, in his coat of mail, brandishing a sword, and
on his left arm a shield, charged with a fesse cheque ; which fesse cheque was also
on the caparisons of his horse, both behind and before : and on the reverse of the
seal was a large triangular shield, with a fesse cheque hausse.

Other instances of the bearing of the fesse cheque, by the name of Stewart and
others, will be added at the end of this chapter. But to proceed to the other forms
of fesses.

The ancient arms of Austria were five birds called larks, situate 2 2 and I or,
relative to the name of a Roman governor of that province named L'Alowette,
which signifies a lark. But, afterwards, Leopold Jasper Duke of Austria, fighting
against the Saracens in a white s-urcoat and scarf, and returning from the battle ;ill
bloody, when the scarf was loosed, his surcoat appeared as a coat of arms thus :
gules, charged with a fesse argent ; which became, after that, the armorial ensign
of Austria. Yet others tell us, that these arms represent the country of Austria,
being of a red soil, thwarted with the silver river of the Danube like a tesse argent ;
as the four white fesses in the arms of Hungary do represent the four principal
rivers which water that country.

The surname of CHARTERIS with us gives for arms argent, a fesse azure ; the two
principal families of this surname who contended for chiefship, were Charteris of

44 OF THE FESSE.

Amisfield, who carried the foresaid blazon alone, and Charteris of Kinfauns, who
carried the same, but within the double tressure flowered and counter-flowered

gules.

The surname of CRAWFORD anciently gave for arms, gules, a fesse ermine, fig. 29.
Plate III. Others of that name have argent, three stags' heads erased gules; — of
whom afterwards.

Captain THOMAS BASICIN of Ord, in the Lyon Register, gules, a fcsse vair ; crest,
a sword and stalk of wheat crossing each other saltier-ways, the last being depres-
sed of the first : motto, Armis fc? diligentia.

The fesse is sometimes carried as if it were cut oft' from the sides of the shield,
as fig. 30. it is then blazoned, couped, or aliect or, a fesse couped azure.

A fesse wreathed of divers tinctures, is called by the French tortille, or cable ;
it is as it were formed like a rope or cable of different colours, borne by the sur-
name of CARMICHAEL, argent, a fesse tortille, azure and gules, fig. 31.

The fesse is sometimes also variegated of different tinctures, being counter-
changed by the partition of the shield, as fig. 32. The arms of the name "of
STANHOPE, given us by Workman in his Book of Blazons, parted per pale, gules
and or, a fesse indents between three stars, two in chief and one in base, all coun-
ter-changed.

Mr Thomas Crawfurd gives us the arms of MACKRERY of Dumpender ; argent, a
fesse quartered sable and or, fig. 33. Plate III.

The fesse, as other ordinaries, is often charged and surmounted with proper or
natural figures. When charged, the figures are contained within the breadth of
the fesse ; and for the word charged, we say also on a fesse : But when the figures _
are oblong, and lie over the fesse, then the fesse is said to be surmounted of such a
figure ; and these super-charges are not to be mentioned in the blazon, but after
the figures which lie immediately on the shield, and accompany the fesse ; as by
the following examples.

Fig. 34. Argent, on a fesse azure, three stars or, (some call them mullets) the
principal bearing of the surname of MURE. The chief of that name is Muir of
Rowallan, a considerable family in the reign of Alexander III. and more eminent
after, in the reigns of the Braces; who quartered the arms of Cummin, upon
marrying one of the heiresses of a principal family of that name. King Robert
II. married Elizabeth Mure, daughter of Rowallan, mother of King Robert III.

Fig. 35. Argent on a fesse sable, three cinquefoils of the first, by the name of
BOSWELL. The first of this name is said to have been a Norman, and to have
':ome to Scotland in the reign of Malcolm III. and possessed lands in the Merse,
•ailed after them Boswell-Lands. The last possession they had in that shire was
Oxmuire, of which I have seen a charter in the reign of King Alexander II. Of
them is descended BOSWELL of Balmuto, in the shire of Fife, now the principal
t'umily of that name, who got these lands of Balmuto by marrying the heiress of
GLEN of Balmuto ; upon which they quarter the arms of AEERNETHY, or, a lion
rampant gules, bruised with a ribbon sable ; which the Glens of Balmuto quartered
with their own, viz. argent, three martlets sable ; which were more proper to have
been quartered with Boswell, than the lion of Abemethy.

Having so far treated of a fesse charged, it follows now, tp give examples of a
fesse interposed betwixt figures. The English and we use only the word bet-ween ;
•mcl some the Latin word inter, as Sandford ; the French say accompagne.

Plate III. fig. 28. Gules, a fesse cheque, argent and azure, between three cres-
cents or; by the name of Row. Others of the name change the tinctures, and
give or, a fesse cheque, azure and argent, between three crescents gules ; as ARCHI-
D Row, Colonel of the Regiment of the Scots Fusiliers ; with the addition of a
anton dexter azure, charged with an -orange, stalked and slipped, proper ; ensign-
ed with an imperial crown ; and for crest, an arm, issuing out of a wreath, armed,
ling a sword, proper ; with this motto, Nun desistam. He is descended by the
father's side, from Mr John Row, an eminent reformer, and, by the mother's side,
from that eminent lawyer, Sir John Skene, Clerk-Register in the reign of King
James VI.

Plate IV. fig. i. Argent, a fesse waved gules, betwixt three boars' heads erased
sable, carried by ALLARDICE of that Ilk. This family got a charter from King

OF THE FESSE. 45

William of the lands of Allrethis, in the sherifTdom of Kincardi-ne, afterwards
called Allyradis, no\v Allardice ; \vhk-h has been ever since the surname of the
family. Thomas Allardice of that Ilk got a charter from Kin:', David II. of the
lands of Little-Barras : And in the reign of King James IV. John Allardice of
that Ilk granted a charter to his brother Robert Allardice, of the half of the lands
of Little-Barras, \\hkh was confirmed by that King; of whom is descended the
present Allardice of that Ilk. James Allardice of Balmanny in Fife, Arch-Dean
of Glasgow, grants a charter in the year 1489, of the lands of Balmanny, to Sir
Alexander Home of that Ilk, Great Chamberlain of Scotland, to which was ap-
pended his seal, having a formal shield, charged with a fesse, waved between three-
boars' heads erased : The shiekl had no trimmings, but was environed with two
palm branches.

ALLARDICE of Duninald, a second son of Allardice of that Ilk, argent, a 11
waved gules, between three boars' heads erased sable, within a bordure of the
second; crest, a stalk of wheat and a branch of a palm-tree disposed in' saltier :
with this motto, Bene qui pficijke ; so matriculated in the Lyon Register.

CORNWALL of Bonhard, gules on a fesse argent, between three mullets or, as
many Cornish, kaes (daws) sable, beaked and membered of the first, as fig. 2. ; and for
crest, a Cornish kae hatching in the face of a rock, proper : motto, We big you see
warily ; in the Lyon Register. The first of this name in Scotland, is said to have
come from Cornwall in England, and to have taken his surname from that country,
and the Cornish kaes in relation thereto. John Cornwall of Bonhard was slain
with King James IV. at the battle of Flodden : His son Peter, being minor, was
infeft in these lands, in obedience to a brief directed from the chancery, men-
tioning his father to have been killed at Flodden.

CUTHBERT of Castlchill, in the shire of Inverness, or, a fesse gules, and in chief
a serpent azure : crest, a hand in a gauntlet, holding a dart : motto, Nc-c minus
farther. Lyon Register.

Fig. 3. Plate IV. ALEXANDER CUTHBERT, sometime Provost of Inverness, vert,
a fesse ingrailed between four mullets argent, and an arrow in pale, surmounting
the fesse, point downward, proper.

JOHN CUTUBERT, merchant in Inverness, and sometime one of the magistrates of
that town ; his arms as the last ; but, for difference, has the fesse indented in the
upper, and ingrailed in the nether side.

Or, on a fesse azure, betwixt a bull's head couped in chief ; and in base, a galley
with oars erected saltier-ways sable, a St Andrew's cross argent, by the name of
RICHARDSON of Smeiton.

The surname of CRAIG, or CRAIGIE, carry ordinarily ermine, as observed before.
The original family was Craig of Craigie in West-Lothian, now called Craigiehall.
In our histories, we meet with one John Craig, a valiant man, and captain of the
castle of Kildrummy for King David II. who being besieged by Ed \\ard Jialiol's
followers, upon the advancing of the king's forces, under the command of Robert,
High Lord Stewart, and John Randolph Earl of Murray, who joined a doubtful
battle with the besiegers, Captain Craig issued forth of the castle with his party,
and gave victory by a notable overthrow of King David's enemies ; .amo;
whom fell David Cummin Earl of Athol, with many of his friends on the Bal
side.

Sir THOMAS CRAIG of Rickarton in Mid-Lothian, an eminent lawyer and advo-
cate to King James VI. carried ermine on a fesse sable, three crescents argent, as
fig. 4. Plate IV. which afterwards were matriculated in the Lyon Register ; and
for crest, a chevalier on horseback, holding a broken lance in bend, proper ; with
this motto, £7?';? deo, lit vivas.

When any oblong figure, proper or natural, lies over a fesse, beyond the limits
ot it, as in tlie bearing of Alexander Cuthbert, just now given, fig. 3. in blazon,
the resse is said to be surmounted: And if the fesse lies over another oblong figure,
the lessc is said also to surmount if ; -for surmounting, the French say brocbi,
as fig. 5. argent, an oak tree growing out of a mount, in base, vert surmounted of
a ll-sse azure, by WATSON of Saughton.

But if the super-charge be comprehended within the limits of the fesse, then it
is said to be charged, or as we say commonly, on a fesse, of which I have eiveu

^6 OF THE FESSE.

already several examples ; but here I shall add one more, with some variety as to
the fesse.

HERIOT of Trabrown, argent, on a fesse azure, three cinquefoils ot the first. As
for the antiquity of this surname, Buchanan says, WILLIAM, JOHN and GILBERT
HERIOTS, safely conducted Robert, High Steward of Scotland, out of the reach of
his enemies, being narrowly sought after by Edward Baliol and the English. In
±e Earl of Haddington's Collections, in the Lawyers' Library, there is a double
of a charter granted by Archibald Earl of Douglas, of the lands of Trabrown, to
John Heriot, designed, Filius fc? .hares diletti confederate nostri Jacobi de Heriot, de
Xudrie Mariscall ; which charter I find confirmed by Archibald Douglas, Earl of
Wigton, Lord Eskdale, anno 1423, with these witnesses, James Douglas, our "bro-
ther, William Seaton, son and heir of John Lord Seaton ; which charter is also con-
firmed by King James I. the ipth year of his reign.

The Heriots of Trabrown, continued in the possession of these lands, lying with-
in the sheriffdom of Berwick, till the latter end of the reign of King Charles I.
and about that time got the lands of Elphingston in East-Lothian, which they
called Trabrown ; of whom are the Heriots of Long-Niddrie, old tenants to
the earls of Winton: As also, George Heriot, jeweller to King James VI. famous
tor his piety in erecting hospitals in England and Scotland; especially that at Edin-
burgh, of a curious structure, upon the front and other places whereof are his
arms ; argent on a fesse transposed, a crescent between two stars of the first, fig. 6.
Plate IV.

A fesse transposed, is said, when it is placed higher than the centre, and is then
a mark of some eminent virtue, as the fesse cheque, in the arms of the High
Stewards of Scotland before mentioned.

The French have the same practice of transposing, as also of depressing the
tesse, either above or below the centre ; and they term i,t then a fesse hausse,
when it is high, and when depressed below the centre, abaisse. Hausse, says Mon-
sieur Baron, is said of the cheveron and fesse when they are placed higher than
their ordinary situation, and gives us examples thereof in his UArt Heraldique.

I shall add some examples of a fesse, under other accidental forms.

Fig. 7. Plate IV. Argent, a fesse nebule btween three escutcheons gules ; borne
by Mr JOHN HAY, sometime one of the Under-Clerks of the Session.

Item, Argent, a fesse embattled azure, by the name of BATTLEWALL in Eng-
land ; this fesse, being only embattled on the upper side, is termed by the
English embattled or crenelle ; but if on both sides, then it is termed count 'cr-
cmbattled ; the French say, bretesse ; azure, a fesse counter-embattled argent;
which Mr Holme, in his Academy of Armories, gives to the name of BARNES in
England, with other various examples of counter-embattling, which I pass over, as
mere fancies of his own.

Fig. 8. Plate IV. Vert, a fesse dancette ermine, between a buck's head cabossed
in chief, and two escalops or, carried by the surname of DUFF, as in Pout's MS. of
Blazons ; which blazon is matriculated for DUFF of Craighead, and given to ALEX-
ANDER DUFF of Keithmore, in the L. R.

dancette, as I observed before, is a large indenting, with great and few teeth ;
the fewest are three, and when but of two great teeth, it is like a capital M, with
its legs extended to the two sides of the shield, and it is called a fesse vivre. Menes-
trier gives us several examples of such, as fig. 9. Plate IV. Azure, a fesse vivre,
surmounted of a little cross argent, borne by the family MASALKI in Poland ; and
is of opinion, that the fesse vivre is carried in arms for the letter M, because the
most part of the families who carry it have their names beginning with that letter :
Mr Holme gives us such an example, which he calls a fesse double dancette, like
unto two cheverons conjoined in fesse. In coats of this nature, says he, it is very
necessary to number the points, else the tricker of coats may be deceived by its
term of blazon : Such a coat he gives to the name of FLOWER, a fesse dancette
counter -flowery gules.

As the pale is carried in arms, as before, between two endorses, so the fesse is be-
tween two barrulets, the diminutives of the bar, which are sometimes called cottises,
but not so properly, being the diminutives of the bend.

OF THE FESSE. 47

For example, 1 'hail give the arms of CONGALTON of that Ilk, as they stand re-
corded in our Lyon Register, quarterly, fig. 10. Plate IV. first and fourth argent,
a beiui ^v/A'.f, and in chief a label of three points sable; second and third, argent,
a fes.se sable betwixt two cottises compune azure, and of the second ; crest, a bee,
proper: motto, Magnum in parvo. And, in the same Register, David Congalton,
portioner of Dirleton, descended of Congalton of that Ilk, carries the same arm-,
(without the cottises), and all within a bordure ingrailed g:.

The arms of Congalton of that Ilk, which family is in East-Lothian, are other-
wise illuminated in our old books of painting, as thus ; quarterly, first and fourth
or, a bend, gules ; second and third gules, a fesse or, betwixt two cottises compose
•nt and azure. And Sir James Balfour, in his Blazons, makes the cottises vair,
urgent, and azure. Sylvanus Morgan gives such another coat of arms, but \\ith
some variety, in his Treatise of Heraldry, borne by Sir JOHN HUUDY of Stcwel, in
Dorsetshire ; argent, a fesse, parted per fesse, vert and sable, betwixt two cot'
counter-changed.

Besides those accidental forms of the fesse, I shall add only two, couped and
led, which the other ordinaries are also subject to.

Couped is said of the fesse and other ordinaries, when their extremities do not
touch the sides of the shield ; or, a fesse couped gules, carried by Masham of
Essex. The English call such a fesse sometimes a hiwiet, as Morgan in his Blazon
of the Arms of Brabant, argent on a fesse humet gules, three leopards' heads or;
the French, for couped, say alaise ; and so of the other ordinaries, whose extremi-
ties do not touch the sides of the shield ; for which, when the Latins blazon such
figures, they say, a latere scuti disjunct!.

Voided is said of the fesse and other ordinaries when their middle is as it were
cut out, and the field appears, for which the Latins say, fascia secta introrsum :
Camden says for voided, evacuata, and the French, wide, as Menestrier, " Vuide
" se dit des croix & autres pie'ces ouvertes au travers desquelles on voit le champ,
" ou sol de 1'ecu." As for example, argent, a fesse gules voided of the field, as
Plate IV. fig. u. But if the voiding be of a different tincture from the field, as
supposing the voided part of this figure was or, it would be blazoned by the
English, argent, a fesse gules charged with another.

The fesse, according to the English, is not to be diminished in its breadth, nor
to be multiplied ; but with the French it is frequently both diminished and multi-
plied : Of which in the following chapter.

BLAZONS OF ARMS BELONGING TO THIS CHAPTER. WHICH HAVE FIGURES AFTER THE FORM

OF THE FESSE.

I have given before the armorial bearings of the princely family of STEWARTS,
in carrying the fesse cheque, which continued in the right line of the family, till
Robert the High Steward succeeded his uncle King David Bruce in the throne ;
he then laid aside the fesse cheque, and carried only the imperial ensign of the
Kingdom of Scotland. His eldest son, John, before his father's accession to the
throne, carried or, a fesse cheque, argent and azure, with a label of three points
within a double tressure, flowered and counter-flowered gules, as by old paintings,
and his seal appended to charters having the shield couche ; and for crest, issuing
out of a wreath, a lion's head.

When his father came to the crown, he had another seal of arms, whereon was
a shield couche, charged with a fesse cheque, out of which issued a demi-lion ram-
pant, all within a double tressure, to intimate his right of succession to the crown :
Which shield of arms was supported by two wild men with long hair hanging
down from their head ; and for crest, a demi-lion, and the legend round the seal,
Sigillum yohannes sensscalli Domini dc Kayle, appended to a charter of his father's,
wherein he is witness with others to John Kennedy oi" Donnour, of certain lands,
which for brevity's sake I omit. The charter ends thus, " Testibus venerabili in
" Christo Patre Willielmo episcopo sancti Andreas £. Johanne primogenito nostro
" comite de Carrick, &. senescallo Scotiae, Roberto comite de Monteith," &c.
dated at Dundonald the 4th of September, the first year of his father's reign.

48 OF THE FESSE.

I have seen another seal afterwards used by John Earl of Carrick, appended to
-cvcral cvidents, which, for brevity's sake, 1 here forbear to mention as foreign to
my purpose.-, but shall only take notice of the form, of the seal, which was eques-
trian, having the picture of a man on horseback, in his surcoat of arms, brandish-
ing a sword in his right hand, and on his left arm a shield, charged with a lion
rampant, within a double tressure flowered and counter-flowered, and, in chief, a
label of three points, to show that he was Prince and Steward of Scotland ; which
arms are repeated on his surcoat and caparisons of his horse, the head of the man
being covered with a forestanding helmet, upon which is a wreath cheque, and
thereon, for crest, a lion's head betwixt two demi-vols ; and the legend round the
seal had these words, Sig. Johannis primogenhi Regis Scotia;, Comitis de Carrie, &
SenescaUi Scotia, He is the first son of our Scots Kings that I observe carried
the entire arms of the kingdom with a label, and was afterwards King of Scotland
by the name of Robert III.

ROBERT, who obtained the earldom of Monteith, a younger son of King Robert
i I. and afterwards created Duke of Albany by his brother King Robert III. 1399,
carrietl first or, a fesse cheque, azure and argent, surmounted with a lion rampant
gules ; the shield was adorned with a close helmet, and thereupon a wreath of
three tracts cheque, as the fesse, out of which issued a wolf's head with its neck,
holding in its mouth a rose ; supporters, two lions selant gardant gules ; and the
same vais on his seal, appended to a precept of his of the great customs of Edin-
burgh, Haddington, and Dunbar, anno 1399. Afterwards, as by our old illumi-
nated Books of Blazons, he carries quarterly, first and fourth or, a lion rampant
gules, and, in chief, a label of three points azure, for the title of Albany ; second
and third or, a fesse cheque azure and argent, with a label of three points in chief:
He died 1419. His eldest son Murdoch succeeded him in the government,, and
his other titles of dignity ; but, upon the restoration of King James I. he and his
two brothers Walter and Alexander were attainted of treason, and lost their
heads.

JOHN STEWART Earl of BUCHAN, Constable of France, second son of Robert Duke
of Albany, carried for arms, quarterly, first and fourth, the arms of Scotland ; se-
cond and third azure, three garbs or, for the earldom of Buchan : He died at the
battle of Vernoile, 1429, and left issue only one daughter Jean, who was married
to Sir George Seaton of that Ilk, progenitors of the Earls of Winton.

1 shall proceed no further downward here in the right line of the Stewarts, be-
ing sovereigns, nor to their younger children, because they disused the fesse cheque,
and earned the sovereign ensign, to show their royal descent, with suitable brisures,
or by marshalling the sovereign ensign with the arms of their dignified feus ; — of
which afterwards. But shall now proceed to give some blazons of other branches
that came of the stock of Stewart before King Robert II. and who carried the fesse
cheque, with other figures which they transmitted to their posterity with the sur-
name of Stewart, except those two considerable old branches of the family of
Stewarts, who, though they took the surname of Boyd and Monteith, yet they con-
tinued the chequer bearing, as BOYD, azure, a fesse cheque, argent and gules ; and
MONTEITH, argent, a bend cheque sable, and of the first ; — of which afterwards.

Sir JOHN STEWART of Bonkill, second son to Alexander High Steward of Scot-
land, born in the year 1246. He married Margaret, daughter to Sir Alexander
Bonkill of that Ilk : She bore to him several sons, heads of great families of the
name of Stewart ; which Mr David Simpson gives us fully in his Genealogical and
Historical Account of the Family of Stewart ; which families were known by the
e cheque, bend, and buckles. The figures which Sir John Stewart carried in
right of his wife, viz. or, a' fesse cheque, azure and argent, surmounted of a bend
gules, charged with three buckles of the first, for Bonkill.

His grandson, (by his eldest san Sir Alexander), JOHN STEWART Earl of Angus,
Lord Bonkill and Abernethy, married the daughter of Alexander Abernethy. His
Thomas succeeded him; who quartered with his paternal coat, before blazoned,
that ot ABERNETHY, or, a lion rampant gules, bruised with a ribbon sable. He had
one daughter and heir Margaret, who was married to William Earl of Douglas :
He had by her George, first of the line of Douglas, Earls of Angus, for which they
quartered the foresaid arms with their own ; — of which in another place.

OF THE FESSE. yj

The second son of John Stewart of Bonkill was ALLAN STEWART ; of whom
SimpMHi, in his ion-said hook, makes tin- Lords of Darnley, Earls and Dukes of
Lennox, to be descended. Upon several documents, one of them relative to th«-
arms, he says, ALLAN STEWART Carried arms as his brother, a fesse cheque surmounted
of u bend, charged with three buckles : Hut afterwards his posterity used a bordurc
f, charged with buckles, which was carried by the Earls and' Dukes of Len-
nox ; — but more of this in another place.

Sir \V YLTER STKWART, t« whom King Robert the Bruce gave the barony of Dal-
Uton, wa, descended of u younger son of John Stewart of Bonkill, "and was
•ned of Dalswinion, and sometimes of Garlics. His grandson, Sir Wal-
ter Stewart of Dalswinton, was contemporary with Robert III. His daughter, Marion
Stewart, became his heir, and was married to Sir William Stewart, Sheriff of Ti
viotdale, descended of the family of Darnley, progenitors of the Earls of Galloway, as
Mr Simpson, historiographer, tells us in his forementioned book. The arms of this fa-
mily are : or, a fesse cheque, azure and argent, surmounted of a- bend ingrailed .£•///«-,
(which bend is a part of the armorial figures of Bonkill, to show their descent from
that family), within a double tressure flowered and counter-flowered of the last :
The arms of tlm noble family are supported on the dexter by a savage, wreathed
about the head and middle with laurel, holding in his right hand a batton, and on
the sinister by a lion rampant gules ; crest, a pelican feeding her young in a nest,
all proper: and for motto, the word Virescit.

The cadets of the family of Stewart of Dalswinton and Garlics, now Earls of
GALLOWAY, are STEWART of Minto, or, a fesse cheque, azure and argent, surmoun-
ted of a bend ingrailed, and, in chief, a rose gules.

WALTER STEWART Lord BLANTYRE, representative of the family of Minto, carries
the- same, with supporters as the Earls of Galloway ; and for crest, a dove with an
olive leaf in its mouth : with this motto, Sola Juvat Virtus.

STEWART of Castlemilk, or, a bend gules, surmounted of a fesse cheque, argent
and tit.ure ; so recorded in the Lyon Register for Sir Archibald Stewart of Castle-
milk, Baronet, with the badge of Nova Scotia in the sinister canton; crest, a dex-'
ter hand holding a sword, proper : motto, Aiiant.

STI..VAR.T of Torrence, descended of James, second son of Sir Archibald Stewart
of Castlemilk, and his lady, Anne, daughter to Robert Lord Semple, carries as
Castlemilk, with a crescent gules, in the sinister chief point for difference.

From Sir JAMES STEWART, fourth son of Sir John Stewart of Bonkill, are descen-
ded the Stewarts of Innermeth or Lorn, Durisdeer or Rosyth ; and, again, from
Lorn or Innermeth, the Stewarts Earls of Athol and Buchan ; the Stewarts of
Gairntully from the Earl of Buchan, as also the Earl of Traquair, the blazons of
whose families I shall here insert as I find them in our old Books of Blazons.

SI-EWART of Innermeth got from King Robert the Bruce, for his good services,
a grant of the lands of Garmelton and Dunning in Perthshire, (as Crawfurd tells us in
his History of Renfrew) ; and, thereafter, his family became possessed of the lordship
ot Lorn, by marrying the heiress of the surname of Macdougal. The ancientest
blazon of Stewart of Innermeth that I meet with, is, quarterly, first and fourth or,
a fesse cheque, azure and argent, and, in chief, a garb of the second ; (some Books

Blazons, in the reign of Queen Mary, in place of the garb, have z flower-de-luce ;
and Sir James Balfour, in his Blazons, places a buckle azure, which speaks better
to the descent from Stewart of Bonkill) ; second and third or, a lymphad or galley,
with flames of fire issuing out of the fore and hinder parts, and out of the top
of the mast, commonly called St Anthony's fire, for the lordship of Lorn. This
family came to a period in the person of John Lord Lorn, 1445, wno dicd without
issue male ; and the lordship was shared betwixt his three daughters, co-heirs,
married to Colin Earl of Argyle, Sir Colin Campbell of Glenorchy, and to Campbell
of Otter ; — of whom before.

WALTER STEWART of Innermeth, as nearest heir-male of John Stewart Lord of
Lorn, laid claim to the lordship, and was seized therein ; but by an agreement
with the Earl of Argyle, 1469, he resigned the lordship of Lorn in" favours of Ar-
gyle, and, in place of it, was made Lord Innermeth, with the precedency of Lorn ;
and carried the quartered coat above blazoned, without the garb or buckle, sup-
ported by two fallow deers ; and for crest, a unicorn's head argent, mained and

5D OF THE FESSE.

horned or ; with tliis word for motto, Wbadder ; as iu Workman's Book of Blazons
This family continued till the reign of King James VI. when James Lord Inner-
meth having married Mary Stewart, daughter of John Earl of Athol, was, by the
favour of that monarch, created Earl of Athol upon the 25th day of March 1596,
but he died without succession 1605.

STEWART of Craigie, now called Craighall, quarterly, first and fourth or, a fesse
cheque, azure and argent, in chief three buckles of the second, for Stewart of Bon-
kill ; second and third ermine, on a fesse sable , , three crescents argent, for Craigie
or Craig, as in Sir James Balfour's and Esplin's Blazons.

STEWART of Durlsdeer or Rosyth, or, a fesse cheque, azure and argent, within a
bordure gules, charged with eight buckles of the first. Esplin's Blazons.

Sir JAMES STEWART, commonly called the Black Knight of Lorn, being a
younger son of the Lord Lorn and Innermeth before-mentioned, married Jean,
daughter of John Earl of Somerset, and Queen Dowager of King James I. of Scot-
land, by whom he had three sons : first, John ; second, James Earl of Buchan ;
third, Andrew Bishop of Murray. The eldest, John, by the favour of King Jamcb
II. his uterine brother, was created Earl of Athol ; which earldom was then in the
King's possession, by the forfeiture of Walter Earl of Athol, murderer of King
James I. John, as Lieutenant to King James III. in his Majesty's minority, re-
duced the rebel Donald Lord of the Isles, and brought him to submission ; for
which action he got the motto, Furth Fortune and fill the fetters : His arms were
quarterly, first and fourth Stewart ; second and third, paly of six, sable and or, for
the title of Athol ; crest, a hand holding a key bend-ways, with the foresaid mot-
to ; and, as relative thereto, two savages in fetters for supporters.

From this JOHN Earl of ATHOL, was John the fifth Earl in a direct line, who
died without male issue, leaving three daughters by his wife Mary, daughter to
William the first Earl of Gowrie. First, Dorothea, married to William first Earl
of Tullibardin. Second, Mary, wife to James Stewart Lord Innermeth, who, in
her right, was Earl of Athol, (of whom 1 spoke before), and died without issue ;
-•o that the estate and dignity came to Dorothea Countess of Tullibardin, of whom
John Duke of Athol is the lineal heir, and carries the foresaid quartered arms mar-
hailed with his own, — of which afterwards. The third daughter, Jean, was mar-
ried to Henry Lord St Colm, and died without issue.

The next collateral branch of the Stewarts of Lorn, that came from Sir James
Stewart, commonly called the Black Knight of Lorn, was JAMES, created Earl of
BUCHAN by King James II. about the year 1457, and got the lordship of Auchter-
house by his wife Margaret, daughter and sole heir of Sir Alexander Ogilvie of
Auchterhouse. She bore to him Alexander Earl of Buchan, whose great grandson
John, Master of Buchan, was killed at the battle of Pinky, leaving only one
daughter, Christian, his sole heir. She married Robert Douglas, son of William
Douglas of Lochleven, and younger brother of William Earl of Morton, who was
idterwards Earl of Buchan. His son, James Douglas Earl of Buchan, had only a
daughter, Mary, his heir, who was married to James Erskine, eldest son of John
Earl of Marr, by his second wife Mary Stewart, daughter of Esme Duke of Len-
nox, and with her obtained the estate and dignity of Buchan, which still continues
in the name of Erskine. The Stewarts of Buchan carried the plain coat of Stewart,
quartered with these of Buchan, viz. azure, three garbs or, but left out the buckles,
which showed their descent from the Stewarts of Bonkill. The like has been
the practice of our heralds and painters of late, in giving the plain coat of a prin-
cipal family to the cadets, without any difference, whenever they happened to be
marshalled with any other bearing ; which is a loss to the bearers, and confounding
to others curious in genealogies.

The first of the family of STEWART of Traquair, was James Stewart, son of James
Stewart first Earl of Buchan ; who, by marrying Katherine Rutherford, one of the
daughters and co-heirs of Rutherford of that Ilk, in the reign of King James IV.
got the lands of Traquair and others. From him was lineally descended Sir John
Stewart, created a Lord Baron in 1628, and afterwards, in 1633, Earl of TRAQUAIR
and Lord LINTON by King Charles I. ; he being that King's High Treasurer, and
afterwards High Commissioner to the Parliament 1639. His son was Charles; and
his son, again, John Earl of Traquair, who married Lady Anne Seaton, daughter of

OF THE FESSE. 5:

George Earl of Win ton. Their son Charles, the present Earl of Traquair, married
Mary Maxwell, daughter of Robert Earl of Nithisdule, by whom he hath a mi;
rous hopeful issue : The eldest son is Charles Lord Linton. The bearing of the fa-
mily consists of four coats quarterly : first or, a fesse cheque, azure and argent, for
Stewart ; second azure, three garbs or, for Buchan ; third sable, a mullet argent ;
fourth argent, an orle g ules, and three martlets in chief sable, for Rutherford. Tin
last coat was sometimes placed in the third quarter, as by the paintings on the
roof of Fala-hall. Supporters, two bears, proper ; crest, a crow standing upon a
garb ; with the motto, Judge nought.

STEWART of Gairntully, as descended from Stewart of Lorn, quarterly, first and
fourth the plain coat of Stewart ; second and third or, a lymphad or galley sable,
with fire issuing out of the mast ; as in Mr Font's Manuscript of Blazons. But
now, as in the Lyon Register, Sir Archibald Stewart of Gairntully, quarterly, first and
fourth Stewart ; second and third argent, a galley, her oars in action, sable, for
Lorn, (as now carried without the fire), all within a bordure azure, charged with
eight buckles or ; crest, two bees counter-volant proper : motto, Pro-vide.

WILLIAM STKWART of Innernytie, a second brother of Gairntully, quarterly, first
and fourth or, a fesse cheque, azure and argent, in chief two stars of the second ; se-
i-ond and third argent, a lymphad or galley with oars in action sable, with St. An-
thony's fire on the top-mast ; and, in the centre of the quarters, a crescent, for
brotherly difference. L. R.

Sir THOMAS STEWART of Balcaskie, sometime one of the Senators of the College
of Justice, whose father was a son of Gairntully, the quartered arms of Gairntully,
within a bordure contre ermine ; crest, a bee volant proper : motto, Par at y cur at.
L. R.

WILLIAM STEWART of Tongorth, descended of the house of Gairntully, the same
as Gairntully, with three garbs azure, in chief above the fesse cheque, for his dif-
ference ; crest, a bee volant en arriere proper : motto, Pro videntiee folo. L. R.

But, to proceed to other families of the surname of Stewart, I observe they sur-
mounted or accompanied their fesse cheque with other figures, but especially lions,
which I think was in imitation of the sons of Robert 111. For, as I observed be-
fore, the arms of John Stewart, eldest son to King Robert II. had a demi-lion
naissant out of the fesse, before he carried the entire lion of Scotland with a label.
And his brother, Robert Earl of Monteith, after Duke of Albany, had a lion ram-
pant gules, surmounting the fesse cheque, before he carried quartered arms.

JOHN STEWART of Ardgowan, a natural son of King Robert 111. afterwards de-
signed of Blackball, carried the same arms which Robert Duke of Albany first car-
ried, and have been continued in the family, and are still carried by the present
Sir Archibald Stewart of Blackball, Baronet, viz. or, a fesse cheque, azure and ar-
gent, surmounted of a lion rampant g ules, langued and armed azure-, and for crest,
a lion's head erased gules ; with the motto, Spero meliora ; as matriculated in the
Lyon Register ; and sometimes, Integritate stabit ingenuus.

Mr WALTER STEWART, Advocate, brother-german of Sir Archibald Stewart of
Blackball, carries or, a fesse cheque, azure and argent, surmounted with a lion ram-
pant gules, the same with his brother, and, for his difference, a bordure ermine,
(upon account that his mother, Anne, eldest daughter and co-heiress of Sir Alex-
ander Crawford of Kilbirny, Baronet, carried gules, a fesse ermine, — of which after-
wards) ; and for crest, a lion's head erased gules ; with the motto, Lcedere noli ; as
in the Plate of Achievements.

STEWART of Scotston, descended of Archibald, a second son of Archibald
Stewart of Blackball, who got the lands of Scotston by marriage with Margaret,
daughter and heiress of Mr John Hutcheson of Scotston, carried the same figures
with Blackball, but, for difference, transposed them thus: or, a lion rampant g ules,
surmounted, or bruised, with a fes-,e cheque, azure and argent ; matriculated in our
New Register ; for crest, a boar's head couped of the field : motto, A virtute orta.

STEWART of Garth, in the same Register, has the fesse surmounted of the lion,
and quartered with the coat of Cummin, azure, three garbs or.

STEWART of Lady well, descended of Garth, the same within a bordure argent ;
crest, a man's head couped proper : motto, Pro rege fc? patria. L. R.

DAVID STEWART of Inchbrock, descended of a second sou of the Stewarts of John-

5i OF THE FESSE.

ston, who was a second son of the house of Ochiltree, or, a fcsse cheque, azure and
urgent, between a lion passant in chief, and a rose in base gules, all within a bor-
dure ingrailed and gobonated of the second and third; crest, a civet cat couchant
proper; motto, Semper paratus. L. R.

STEWART of Allanton, or, a fesse cheque, azure and argent in chief, a lion pas-
sant gules, armed azure. Pont'-s MS.

STEWART of Dalswinton, or, a fesse cheque, azure and argent, betwixt three uni-
corns' heads couped sable.

STEWART of Davingstone, the arms of Stewart, within a bordure ingrailed gules.
Balfour's MS.

STEWART of Corme, or, a fesse cheque, argent and azure, between three wolves'
heads couped sable. Ibid.

The STEWARTS of Athol and Buchan, of old, says Jacob Imhoff, in his Blazons,
Regum pariumque magnce Britannia;, accompanied their fesse with wolves' heads ;
which I have sometimes met with in old illuminated manuscripts, but by whom
done I could not learn.

STEWART of Craigins accompanied the fesse with three otters' heads couped
gules ; Balfour's MS. of Blazons, where he gives us an old coat of Stewart of Bute,
thus, quarterly, first and fourth or, a bend cheque, azure and argent, for Stewart ;
-ccond and third or, a ship, and in chief three buckles sable, which I take as be-
longing to one of the sons, or grandsons of Sir John Stewart of Bonkill, upon the
account of the buckles, and that the fesse cheque was turned to a bend, since all
his issue, as before, carried buckles or bends ; and our historians tell us, that Sir
John of Bonkill, was designed also of Bute, and had an interest there.

As for the STEWARTS, Sheriffs of Bute, the first of them was Sir John Stewart,
natural son to King Robert II. By several charters of King Robert III. he is de-
signed, Prater noster naturalis : What that family carried of old, I know not, but
in the Books of Blazons of Workman, Pont, and others, Stewart of Bute carried
the single coat of Stewart. James the present Earl of Bute, and Lord Mount-
stewart, has on his paintings and utensils or, a fesse cheque, azure and argent,
\\ithin a double tressure flowered and counter-flowered gules; for crest, a lion
naissant out of a wreath of his tinctures; with the motto on an escrol, Nobilis ira;
•upported on the dexter by an horse argent, bridled gules, and on the sinister, by
a deer, proper, attired or, standing on a compartment, whereon are these words,
Avito viret honore. As for the other families of the surname of Stewart, I shall
subjoin the blazons of their arms as I find them recorded in the Lyon Register
since the year 1661.

ALEXANDER STEWART of Newhall, lineal representative of Sir John Stewart of
Craighall his grandsire ; quarterly, first and fourth or, a fesse cheque, azure and
argent, in chief three buckles of the second ; second, ermine on a fesse sable, three
crescents argent, for the name of Craig ; crest, a trunk of an old tree sprouting
out, a branch on the right side acorned, proper : motto, Resurgam.

Mr JOHN STEWART of Ascog, advocate, descended of Bute, the arms of Stewart
'.vithin a bordure sable, charged with eight mascles argent ; crest, a greyhound
couchant within two branches of bay, proper : motto, Fide & opera.

Sir WILLIAM STEWART of Strabork, quarterly, first and fourth Stewart, second
and third azure, three garbs or for Buchan ; crest, a phoenix in flames of fire, pro-
per : motto, Virtutifortuna comes.

DAVID STEWART of Inchbrock, descended of a second son of the family of Stewart
of Johnston, which was a branch of the house of Ochiltree ; or, a fesse cheque,
azure and argent, between a lion passant in chief, and a rose in base gules, all with-
in a bordure ingrailed, and gobonated of the second and third ; crest, a civet cat
couchant, proper : motto, Semper paratus.

Ciiptain JAMES STEWART of Rosling, or, a fesse cheque, azure and argent, in
chief a lion rampant gardant gules ; crest, an anchor in pale azure, ensigned on the
top with a man's heart, proper : motto, Fixus ac solidits ; as also at other times,
Tarn fidus quam fixus.

^ ROBERT STEWART of Burray, second son of Mains, who was a brother of the
Earl of Galloway, carriea as the Earl of Galloway, within a bordure indented gules ;
crest, a pelican vulnerate, proper : motto, Virescit vulnere*.

OFTHEFESSI.

LAURENCE STEWART of Bighton, in Orkney, or, a fesse cheque, azure and argent,
between three muscles of the second; crest, an holly leaf slipped vert: motto, .V/r
•virescit industria.

ROBERT STEWART of Newark, carries Stewart within a bordure gules, charged
with three lions rampant, and as many ships at anchor, interchanged or ; crest, a
lion's paw and a palm branch crossing other saltier-ways, proper : motto, Cbristus
mibi lucrum.

THOMAS STEWART of Drummin, descended of the family of Kinnerchly ; or, a
fesse cheque, azure and argent, between three cross croslets, fitched in chief, and as
many cushions in base gules, all within a bordure ingrailed azure ; crest, two
hands conjoined, and holding a man's heart, proper : motto, Corde fc? manu.

JAMES STEWART merchant in Dundee, descended of Stewart of Garth ; the quar-
tered coat of Garth, over all a lion rampant gules, all within a bordure argent,
charged with six wolves' heads erased gules ; crest, a savage head couped, proper :
motto, Reddunt commercia mitem.

WALTER STEWART merchant in London^ and third son to Sir Thomas Stewart of
Cbltness, descended of the family of Allanton, descended of Castlemilk ; or, u
bend gules, surmounted of a fesse cheque, azure and argent, within a bordure cheque.
of the same ; crest, a thistle and a sprig of a rose tree crossing other in saltier,
proper: motto, Juvant aspera probum.

Having insisted upon the fesse cheque of the family of Stewart, and its branches,
some of whom anciently, though they took not upon them the surname of Stewart,
but other surnames, as Boyd and Monteith, yet they carried their figures, cheque,
to show their descent. I shall now speak of them.

The first of the surname of BOYD, was Robert, son of Simon, third son of Allan,
second Lord High Steward of Scotland, who died 1153 ; which Robert is design-
ed in the charters of Paisley, nephew to Walter, the son of Allan Dapifir, Great
Steward of Scotland. Robert Boyd is witness in a charter, in the year 1205, as
CrawfurJ in his History of Renfrew, page 55. ; and Sir James Dalryrnple, m
his preface to his Scots Collections, page 80. says, I find Robcrtus diet us de Boyd,
in a charter by Sir John Erskine about the year 1262. And doubtles he wu
predecessor to the Lords BOYD, and Earls of KILMARNOCK, who carried azure, a
fesse cheque, argent and gules ; crest, a hand issuing out of a wreath, pointing with
the thumb and two fingers: motto, Cbnfido ; supporters, two squirrels collared or.

BOYD of Pinkell, a second son of one of the Lord BOYDS, azure, a fesse cheque,
argent and gules, and in base a cross moline or; and for crest, another cross moline
sable ; with the motto, Prudentia me sustinet. L. R.

BOYD of Pitcon, a second son of another Lord Boyd, the arms of Boyd, within a
bordure or; crest, a hand couped, pointing two fingers to the sun in the heavens,
proper : motto, Spes mea in ccelis. L. R.

BOYD of Trochrig, azure, a fesse clxque', argent and gules, between- two cross
croslets fitche in chief, and as many stars in base of the second ; and for crest, a
sun-dial : motto, Eternitatem cogita. L. R.

JOHN BOYD, sometime bailie in Edinburgh, azure, a fesse cheque, argent and
gules, between three roses in chief, and a crescent in base of the second ; with the
crest and motto of the Lord Boyd. L. R.

As to the surname of MONTEITH, I shall speak to it in the chapter of the bend.
There are many other families of different surnames, whoj in imitation of the
Stewarts, or as vassals to them, have chequered their armorial figures, as the
SEMPLES, ROSSES, HOUSTON'S-, SPRUELS, BRISBANES, FLEMING of Buracharr, and
SCHAW of Bargaron ; of whom in their proper places.

The ancient and honourable family of the surname of LINDSAY, gules, a fesse
cheque, argent and azure. The first of this family and name, says Hector Boyes,
came to Scotland with Edgar Atheling, and Margaret his sister, queen to King
Malcolm Canmore. As for the antiquity of the name, Sir James Dalrymple tells
us, in his Collections, page 351. that IValterufde Lindesayu and IVilliam de Linde-
.tfivfi, are witnesses in King David I.'s charters. As for the de-vecnt, see Mr Craw-
furd's Baronage, and Sir Robert Sibbald's History of Fife.

There were two eminent families of this name, the one designed of CRAWFORD,
aixd the other of BYRES. The family of Lindsay of Crawford, was dignified with

54 OF THE FESSE.

the title of Earl of Crawford, about the year 1398, the pth year of the reign of
Robert III. and carried for their armorial bearing as before : Who, after they mar-
ried a daughter and heiress of the Lord Abernethy, quartered the arms of Aber-
nethy with their own, and that very early ; and have been in use to have for sup-
porters, two lions seiant gules, armed or; crest, an ostrich, proper, holding in its
beak a key ; and for motto, Endure fort.

The other family, LINDSAY of the BYRES, was William de Lindsay Dominus de
Byres; by the production of whose rights at the ranking of the nobility 1606, says
Sir Robert Sibbald, he was found to have been a peer of the degree of a lord, by
marrying Christian, daughter to Sir William Mure of Abercorn. He got with her
Abercorn, and Dean, near to Edinburgh, the Mills, and several other lands ; and
added to his arms, being gules, a fesse cheque, argent and azure, three stars in chief
of the second, the figures of his father-in-law ; supported by two griffins gules,
armed and membered or; and crested with a swan with its wings expanded,
proper ; and for motto, Love but dread. His successor, John Lord ' Lindsay of
Byres, was created Earl of Lindsay 1633. Betwixt him and Lewis Earl of Craw-
ford there was a tailzie, by means of which, when Earl Lewis was forfeited, Earl
John succeeded to the titles, arms, and fortune of the Earl of Crawford.

LINDSAY of Edziell, the male-heir of Lindsay of Crawford, carries the arms of
the Earl of Crawford as above, as the representative of that noble family, and was
for some time earl.

The first of the family of LINDSAY of BALCARRAS, was Sir John, of the family of
Edziell, who was one of the Senators of the College of Justice in the year 1595,
and the next year Secretary of State to King James VI. in which office he died.
His son was created Lord BALCARRAS 1633 ; and his grandson Colin was created Earl
of Balcarras by King Charles II. They carry arms as the Earl of Crawford and
Edziell ; within a bordure azure, charged with fourteen stars or ; supporters, two
lions seiant gardant gules, with collars about their necks azure, charged with three
stars or; for crest, a canopy seme of stars or, and fringed of the last, topped with a
pennon gules ; and for motto, Astra, castra, numen, lumen.

LINDSAY of Balgays in Angus, another younger son of Edzielly. who was Earl of
Crawford, carried the quartered arms of Lindsay, Crawford, and Abernethy, as his
father. Font's Manuscript.

ALEXANDER LINDSAY, LORD SPYNIE, a younger son of David Earl of Crawford,
and Edziell, who made a resignation of the earldom, carried his father's arms, with
a label of three points argent: (some books have a crescent in place of the label),
supporters, two lions seiant, armed and langued or; crest, an ostrich head erased,
proper, with an horse-shoe or in its beak, and a label of three points about its
neck, as have also the supporters. This family is now extinct : It was dignified
with the title of lord on the I2th day of November 1590. Font's Manuscript.

The other cadets of the name of Lindsay, whose blazons I find in, our old books,
•.•specially in Sir James Balfour's Books of Blazons, are these following :

LINDSAY of Linbank, gules, a fesse cheque, argent and azure, betwixt two stars in
~hief, and a hunting-horn in base of the second.

LINDSAY of Dunrodis does accompany the fesse with three stars argent, two and
one. Which family was represented by George Lindsay of Blackholm, whose
arms, as recorded in the Lyon Register, are, gules, a fesse cheque, argent and: azure,
and in chief a label of three points of the second ; crest, a withered branch of
oak sprouting forth green leaves, proper : motto, Mortua viv'escunt.

DAVID LINDSAY, merchant in Edinburgh, descended of Dunrodis, as in the Lyon
Register, carries gules, a fesse cheque, argent and azure, betwixt three garbs of the
>econd, and banded of the first ; crest, a dexter hand holding & branch of olive,
proper : motto, Mutuo amore cresco.

LINDSAY of Corsbasket accompanies the fesse cheque with two. stars in chief, and
in base a cinqucfoil argent.

LINDSAY of Payetston accompanies the fesse cheque with three stars in chief,
and in base a mascle argent. Which family is now represented by Lindsay of
Wormiston.

LINDSAY of Kirkforther places the fesse cheque betwixt three stars in chief, aiid a
• hunting-horn in base argent.

OF THE FESSE. 55.

LINDSAY of Wauchop placed above the fesse cheque in chief a label of three
points argent.

LINDSAY of Covington carried below the fesse cheque in base a mascle or. All
those are in Sir James Balfour's Blazons : But Mr Thomas Crawfurd's Manuscript
gives the fesse cheque of Lindsay of Covington, between three muscles argent.

L'INDSAY of Dowhill, an ancient family of the name, as in an illuminated manu-
script in the reign of Queen Mary, gules, a fesse cheque, argent and azure, a star of
the second in chief.

LINDSAY of the Mount, who was Lyon King at Arms, gules, a fesse chequS, argent
and azure, between three stars in chief, and a man's heart in base argent.

Sir ALEXANDER. LINDSAY of Evelick, baronet, descended of the old Earls of Craw-
ford, bears the quartered arms of the Earl of Crawford, within a bordure argent.
And WILLIAM LINDSAY of Kilspindy, brother to Evelick, carries the same ; but
charges the bordure with eight roses gules, recorded in the Lyon Register.

JAMES LINDSAY of Cavill bears first and fourth gules, a fesse cheque, argent and
azure, for the name Lindsay ; second and third or, a lion rampant, gules bruised
with a ribbon sable, for Abernethy, being the armorial bearing as before of the
Earl of Crawford, within a bordure quartered or and gules, charged with eight
martlets counter-changed ; for crest, an ostrich head erased, proper : motto, Sis
fords. L. R.

HENRY LINDSAY of Cairnie, descended of the family of Pitcarly, quarterly, first
and fourth gules, a fesse cheque within a bordure componed, argent and azure,
second and third, Abernethy, as before ; crest, two stalks of wheat disposed saltier-
ways, proper : motto, Non soluin armis. L. R.

JOHN LINDSAY of Pitscandly, gules, a fesse cheque, argent and azure, a durk or
dagger paleways in base, proper ; and in chief, a mullet for difference. L. R.

WILLIAM LINDSAY of Culsh, descended of the family of Dowhill, gules, a fesse
cheque, argent and azure, in chief, a mullet of the second, and the base wide as
the third, all within a bordure ingrailed or, for difference ; crest, a tower, proper,
ensigned on the top, with a crescent argent: motto, Firmiter maneo. L. R.

The surname of CRAWFURD, anciently gave for arms, gule s, a fesse ermine. And
others of that name gave argent, a stag's head, erased gules* I shall here give the
arms of those Crawfurds who carry the fesse ermine.

CRAWFURD of London, gules, a fesse ermine; which family, ending in an heiress,
was married to Sir Duncan Campbell, who were progenitors of the noble family of
Campbells Earls of Loudon ; upon which account half of their girons are ermine,
of which before.

LAURENCE CRAWFURD of Kilbirny, the male representative of Crawford- John,
carried gules, a fesse ermine; he, in the year 1528, excambed part of the lands of
Crawford-John, with Sir James Hamilton of Finart, for the lands of Drumray, in
the shire of Dumbarton, which continues with his descendants, by the title of
Lord DRUMRAY. He quartered the arms of Barclay of Kilbirny, as his grandfather
John Crawfurd of Kilbirny did ; upon the account his rather Malcolm Crawfurd
of Garnock married Marjory, daughter and sole heir of John Barclay, Baron of
Kilbirny, in the reign of King James III. and got with her that barony ; who car-
ried azure, a cheveron betwixt three cross pates argent.

Sir JOHN CRAWFURD of Kilbirny, lineally descended from them, who for hi-
loyalty to King Charles II. was made a knight-baronet, he left behind him only-
two daughters ; Anne, the eldest, married to Sir Alexander Stewart of Blackball,
and bore to him Sir Archibald of Blackball, and his brother Mr Walter Stewart,
advocate, who carries his paternal coat as before, within a bordure ermine, for hi-
difference, upon the account of his mother, as in the Plate of Achievements : The
.second daughter was Margaret, on whom her father Sir John settled his estate,
and to the heirs of her body ; obliging them to carry the surname of Crawfurd,
with the arms : She married Mr Patrick Lindsay, second son of John Earl of
Crawfurd, to whom she had issue, three sons and as many daughters. John the
eldest was created Viscount of GARNOCK, Lord Kilbirny, Kingsburn and Drumray,
the loth of April 1703. He married Margaret Stewart, daughter to James Ea'rl
of Bute ; she bore to him Patrick, the present Viscount of Gamock, who carries
quarterly, first and fourth gules, a fesse ermine, for Crawfurd ; second and third

56 OF THE FESSE.

azure, a cheveron between three cross pates argent, for Barclay ; supporters, twa
grey-hounds, proper ; and for crest, the beast ermine; with the motto, Sine labe
not a.

CRAWFORD of Auchinames, an ancient family in the shire of Renfrew, a branch
of Crawfurd of Loudon, as in Crawfurd's History of Renfrew, who says the family
carried argent, two spears saltier- ways, between four spots of ermine ; but Balfour,
in his Blazons, says, Crawfurd of Auchinames, carried gules, a fesse ermine, sur-
mounted of two lances in saltier argent.

CRAWFURD of Haining, gules, a fesse ermine, betwixt two stars in chief, and a
hart's head couped in base or, — Workman's MS. And John Crawfurd, sometime
Dean of Guild in Linlithgow, descended of Haining, carries, as in the Lyon Re-
gister, gules, a fesse ermine, betwixt two mullets in chief argent, and a hart's head
cabossed in base or, attired sable; crest, a hart's head couped proper : motto, Hue-
tt'iius invictus.

CRAWFURD of Lefnoris, or Lochnoris, gules, a fesse ermine, and in chief two star.-;
-jr ; so illuminated in the house of Fala-hall.

CRAWFURD of Ardmillan, alias of Bedland, descended of Crawfurd of Loudon,
gules, on a fesse ermine, between three mullets argent, two crescents interlaced ot
the field •. and for motto, Durum patientiafrango. L. R.

HENRY CRAWFURD of Easter Seaton, descended of Kilbirny, gules, a fesse waved
ermine, between three mullets argent, pierced azure ; crest, an increscent cheque,
argent and azure : and for motto, Fide & diligentia. L. R.

THOMAS CRAWFURD of Jordanhill, a younger son of Laurence Crawfurd of Kil-
birny, carried the quartered arms as his father, Crawfurd and Barclay ; but under
the fesse, for his difference, he had two swords in saltier, answerable to his milita-
ry profession, being an eminent captain in the minority of King James VI. : mot-
to, God shaw the right.

CRAWFURD of Cartsburn, a second son of Crawfurd of Jordanhill, gules, a fesss
ermine, between three mullets in chief argent, and, in base, two swords saltier-ways
proper, hiked and pommelled or, all within a bordure waved of the third ; crest, a
sword erect in pale, having a pair of balances on the top or point, all proper : mot-
to, £>nod tibi hoc alteri.

CRAWFURD of Cloverhill, gules, a fesse ermine, between three crows argent ; crest,
a garb proper : motto, God feeds the crows.

JOHN CRAWVURD of Crawfurdland, gules, a fesse ermine ; and for crest, a marble
pillar supporting a man's heart, proper : motto, Slant innixa Deo.

All these blazons of the name of Crawfurd are so recorded in the Register of
our Lyon Office. I proceed to give examples of bearing the fesse by other sur-
names, which are to be found there, and other Books of Blazon.

The achievement of the Right Honourable the Earl of HYNDFORD, argent, a fesse
tortille, azure and gules, timbred with crown, helmet, and mantlings befitting his
quality, and issuing out of a wreath of his tinctures, an arm in armour holding a
broken spear, all proper ; supported, on the right, by a man in complete armour,
holding in his right hand a batton royal, all proper ; and, on the left, by a horse
argent, furnished gules ; and, over all, on an escrol, for motto, Toujours pret, as
;n the Plate of Achievements : Where may be seen, also, the achievement of his
brother-german, WILLIAM CARMICHAEL, Esquire, Advocate, who carries as his bro-
ther the Earl, within a bordure ermine, for his difference ; crest and motto as
the Earl.

CARMICHAEL of Balmeady, or, a fesse wreathed, azure and gules, charged with a
crescent argent. — Balfour's Manuscript.

The first of this family was one Captain CARMICHAEL of the Castle of Crawford,
>o designed in our Histories, who married the Countess Dowager of Angus, in the
icign of King James III. and got the heritable Bailiery of the regality of Aber-
'icthy.

CARMICHAEL of Balmblae, descended of Balmeady, argent, a fesse wreathed,
nzure and gules, within -an orle of eight crescents of the last, — Mackenzie's Herald-
But, in the New Registers, a bordure of the second, charged with eight cres-
cents of the first ; crest, a woman's head and neck issuing out of the wreath : mot-
to, Fortune helps the forward.

OF THE FESSE. 57

JOHN CARM-ICHAKJ., portioner of Little-Blackburn, argent, a fesse wreathed, azure
and .?•///'«, withiiv a bordurc counter- compone of the second and first, recorded in
our Lyon Krister; with the motto, Pru nn-ipso i$ a/Us.

The surname of WILK.IE carries (almost the same with the surname of Carmichael)
urgent, a fesse \vreathcd, azure -dndgu/es, betwixt a crescent in chief, and a cinque -
-toil in base of the second, as- in .Workman's MS.

The surminu- of ELDER, argent, A fesse wreathed, gulfs and zrrf, between two
mullets in chief, and a crescent in base of the second, in Ogilvie's Collection of
Blazons.-

MURE of Caldwell, descended of the Mures of Abercorn in West Lothian, ar-
gent, on a fesse azure, three stars of the first, within a bordurc ingrailed gules,
which stand illuminate in the house of Fala-hull.

MURE of Glanderston, descended of Caldwell, carries the same with Caldwell,
with a crescent in base gules, for a brotherly difference.

ARCHIBALD MURK of Riccartoun, sometime Provost of Edinburgh, descended of
the family. of Caldwell, carries as Caldwell ; but, for his difference, ingrails both
the fesse and bordure ; and for crest, a savage's head and neck from the shoulders,
and about the temples of the head a wreath of laurel, proper : motto, Duris non
frangor.

Mr JAMES MURE, Parson of Philorth, argent, on a fesse azure, three mullets or,
and in base a book expanded, proper : motto, Ora 1$ labor a. L. R.

BOSWELL of Glassmont, descended of the family of Balmuto, quarterly, first and
fourth argent, on a fesse invected sable, three cinquefoils of the first ; second and
third or, a lion rampant gules, surmounted of a ribbon sable, for Abernethy ; so re-
corded in the Lyon Register ; with the motto, Nothing venture nothing have.
Where are also, without a crest, the arms of Boswell of Dowen, another cadet of
Balmuto, being the quartered coat of that family within a bordure indented gules :
motto, I hope for better.

The surname of WEIR is ancient with us, as Sir James Dalrymple observes in his
Collections.

RUNULPHUS DE WEIR, is mentioned in the registers of Kelso, Paisley, and Mur-
ray, to have lived in the reign of King William, and Thomas de Weir in the
reign of Alexander II. Of this surname there are several families in Clydesdale,
the two principal of which are those of Blackwood and Stonebyres.

Sir GEOROE WEIR of Blackwood, argent, on a fesse, azure, three stars of thp
first, with the badge of Nova Scotia in the dexter chief point, as the Knights Ba-
ronets use ; and for crest, a demi-horse in armour, proper, issuing out of a wreath
of his tinctures, bridled and saddled gules : and for motto, Nihil verius. His grand-
father was of the name of Lawrie, who married the heiress of Weir of Blackwood,
and took upon him the name and arms of Weir.

The surname of M'Micma, sable, a fesse betwixt, three crescents or — Font's
MS. And, in the same Book, the arms of the surname of LKCKY, argent, on a
fesse vert, three roses of the first ; but, in Crawfurd's MS. lx:cky of that Ilk, ar-
gent, a cheveron betwixt three roses gules.

Sir WILLIAM CRAIGIE of Gearsay in Orkney, a family of an old standing there,
carries ermine, a boar's head couped g ule s, armed and languid or ; and for crest, a
boar passant urgent, armed and langued azure: motto, Timor omnis abest, as in the
Lyon Register.

LAURENCE CRAir.iE of Kilgraston, parted per pale, azure and sable, a cheveron
argent, between three crescents or ; crest, a pillar proper : motto, SccuruM presi-
dium.

JOHN CRAIGIE of Dumbarnie, parted per pale, azure and sable, a cheveron in-
grailed argent, between three crescents or : motto, Honeste vivo. L. R.

The surname of ROGER, designed of that Ilk in Workman's MS. vert on a fe
argent, between three piles in chief, and a cinquefoil in base of the last, a saltier
of the first. But Mr Pont, in his Book of Blazons, gives to the name of Roger
only vert, a fesse argent; and, to another family of that name, sable, a stag's head
erased argent, holding in its mouth a mullet or.

BR.YMER of Westerton, or, a fesse ermine, betwixt three dragons' heads erased

S8 OF THE BAR.

gules; crest, a dexter hand, armed with a gauntlet, proper, holding a pheon r
motto, Per tela per bostes, — so matriculated in the Lyon Register.

DICK, argent , a fesse waved azure, between three stars gules, in Mr Font's Bla-
zons.

Sir JAMES DICK of Prestonfield, near Edinburgh, ermine, a fesse azure, between
two mullets in chief and a hart's head erased gules, in base ; and for crest, a ship
in distress, proper : motto, Spes infracta, matriculated in the Lyon Register ; where
is also,

SCOTT of Logic, argent, a fesse counter-embattled between three lions' heads
gules*

The surname of ROWAN, or, a fesse cheque, a-zure and argent, between three
cross croslets fitched in chief, and as many crescents in base gules. — Font's MS.

M'CRACH, argent, a fesse between three mullets in chief, and a lion rampant in
base gules.

M'BRAIR, argent, a fesse gules, between three stars in chief, and a lion rampant
in base of the second.

The surname of DEE, argent, a fesse wavey azure, between three mullets gules^.
in Qgilvy's Collections.

The surname of DALGARNER, gules, a fesse between three boars' heads couped ar-
gent. Font's MS.

CHAP. XI.

OF THE BAR.

'T'HE Ear is one of the honourable ordinaries, which the English, as Guillim,
JL describe, saying, " That it is formed by two lines equidistant, drawn over-
" thwart the escutcheon, (after the manner of a fesse before-mentioned), and con-
" taineth only the fifth part of the field."

Seeing ther^ according to the English, there is no other difference between the
fesse and the bar, but that the one possesseth the third part of the field, and the
other only the fifth part, and both horizontally, it is evident, that the bar is but
naturally a diminutive of the fesse ; and if so, why a distinct ordinary more than
the diminutives of the other ordinaries, as the pallet, bendlet, and cheveronel ?

To this some answer, That the fesse must always possess the centre of the shield,
and the bar may be placed in chief, or in base. Yet it is still to be observed, when
there is but one bar in the field, it must possess the centre as well as the fesse :
And there is no mpre special reason for the bar to be counted an ordinary by itself
than a pallet ; for* when one pallet appears in the field, it then possesses the
centre.

As for the signification of the bar, it is known, by the .name, to represent a piece
of timber, or other matter, laid traverse over some passes, bridge, or gates, to stop
and debar enemies from entrance ; and for that effect, says John Ferae, they are
called bars, which do represent, in armories, force, valour, and strength : And the
'-ame says of the pallets, bendlets, and cheveronels, which do represent the pieces
of timber in the fortifications of camps, cities, and the barriers of places where
tournaments and joustings were celebrated ; and from the various position of these
pieces came their different names.

To speak generally of the bar, all oblong pieces which thwart or traverse the
ihield, as the honourable ordinaries do, have been called bars by all nations, speak-
ing generally of them. The Spaniards give the name bar indifferently to pales,
fesses, and bends : Speaking of the arms of Arragon and Barcelona, which are pal-
ly argent and gules, they call them barras longas, as relative to the name Barce-
lona. The Italians call them sbars, as Menestrier observes; who adds, that some
French heralds have likewise called the ordinaries indifferently barres. The house
of BARR in France, says he, carried azure, a bend argent, betwixt two stars of the
last ; which bend is called a bar, as relative to the name of the family : But, since
the term bar has been appropriated particularly to the bend sinister, by the
French, this family have made their bend dexter a bend sinister, to make the allu-

OF THE BAR. 59.

Mon more direct to the name of the family of Barr. With us, I find a bend and fesse
blazoned indifferently a bar, in allusion to the bearer's designation or surname.

LOCKHART of Barr, an old family of that name, carried urgent, on a bar sable,
(which was a bend dexter), three fetter locks or.

The name of BARR, or BARRY, gave azure, an eagle displayed argeiu", surmoun-
ted of a bar, which is represented as a fesse sable , charged with two mullets of the
second.

Sir George Mackenzie, in his Science of Heraldry, chap. 13. observes, that a
fesse of old with us was taken for a bar, as in the blazons of the arms of the sur-
name of DEMPSTER, gules, a sword argent, hiked and pommelled or bead-ways,
surmounted of a bar of the last, now called a fesse, to show they were heritable
Dempsters ; who are criminal officers, an honourable office of old, and therefore
carry a sword as a sign of power in criminals, which is called Jus Gladii ; and be-
cause the Dempsters used to stand at the bar, and pronounce the verdict, there-
fore they got the bar, which seems to represent the same. Which arms quartered
with those of Abernethy. viz. or, a lion rampant gules, bruised with a ribbon
sable, were carried by JOHN DEMPSTER of Pitliver, descended, and representative
of the family of Muiresk ; and for crest, a demi-lion gules naissant out of the torce,
holding in his dexter paw a sword erected, proper ; with the motto on an escrol,
Fortiter tf strenue, as in the Plate of Achievements, whicli family ended in an
heiress who was married to Sir James Campbell of Aberuchill, baronet ; of whom
before.

Mr JOHN DEMPSTER, minister of the Gospel, carried the same quartered arms
within a bordure, parted by pale, argent and sable; for crest, a leg bone of a man,
and a branch of palm, disposed saltier-ways, proper ; with the motto, Mors aut vita
decora. L. R.

The bar then, according to the English, possesses the fifth part of the field,
whereas the fesse occupies the third part. And it is not confined to any certain
or prescribed place as the fesse is, but may be transferred to- any part of the
escutcheon ; yet if there be but one in the field, by the rules of heraldry, it is
over blazoned a fesse, and not a bar. For, says Holme's, it cannot be a bar, ex-
cept there be two or more iruthe field :

I have not met with one bar, and so- called, carried by the English for arms,
save in one book called, The Art of Heraldry, printed at London 1693, which
gives for arms, to Captain John Burken of London, Esq. argent, a bar azure, as
fig. 12. Plate IV. to show the diminution of the bar from the fesse, which the
French blazon a fesse en divise, the Latin heralds, trabs, as John Feme ; but Mr
Gibbon calls it v eftis : Sylvester Petra Sancta has for a bar, tenea traasversa, and
the German, Jacob ImhorT, uses the word fasciola. la carrying of one bar in a
field, I find but one instance in our books of blazon, which is the bearing of the
surname of MELDRUM, argent, a demi-otter issuing out of a bar waved sable, as fig.
13. Plate IV. but here the bar is made too large by the engraver.

By the practice then in Britain, there are to be two in a field before they can.
be properly called bars ; but by the French they are still called faces, for the bar
with them is the bend-sinister ; of which afterwards. The family of REFUGE in
France, argent, two bars gules, surmounted of as many serpents nowed, and af-
front e in pale azure ; Menestrier blazons these arms thus, if argent a deux faces de
gueiiles tt deux serpens d'azur, tortillez, on ondoians en pal et affront ez brocbans sur Ic
tout; as fig. 14. Plate IV.

The surname of GIFFORD, g ules, three bars ermine, fig. 15. The first of this sur-
name with us, is said to have come from England to Scotland, in the reign of
Malcolm Canmore ; and Hugo de Giffbrd is to be met with as a witness in charters-
of William King of Scotland. The principal family of the name was Gifford of
Giffordhall, in East-Lothian ; which family ending without issue-male, having only*
daughters : The eldest was married to Hay of Lochquharat, of whom is descended
the present Marquis of Tweeddaie, the family has been in use ever since the fore-
said match to quarter the arms of Gilford with their own.

GIFFORD of Sheriff-hall, in Mid-Lothian, a cadet of Gifford-hall, carried gules, three
bars ermine within a bordure argent. John Giftbrd of Sherift-hall was forfeited by
King James III. for keeping correspondence with the English, and entertaining

fo • OF THE BAR. .

the English pursuivant, catted Blue-mantte. Those of the surname of GIFFORD, in
Devonshire in England, carry gules, three lozenges ranged in fesse ermine, as Mor-
gan gives them, retaining the tinctures of the GIKFORDS in Scotland.

FOTHERINGHAM of Powrie, ermine, three bars g ules-, as in fig. 16. Plate IV. ; crest,
a griffin seiaat, proper ; supporters, two naked men wreathed about the head' and
middle with laurel, proper. The like arms are thus blazoned by Mr Gibbon, Gerit
trcsfasciolas coccineas in parmula argentea muris Armenia: maculis interstincta. The
first of this family is said to have come from Hungary with Margaret, King Mal-
colm Canmore's queen. Sir George Mackenzie observes, as in his Manuscript of
Genealogies, that this iarnily got the lands of AVester-JWrie by marrying a daugh-
ter of the family of Ogilvie of Auchterhouse, about the year 1399, of whom is
lineally descended the present Laird of Powrie.

The surname of MAIR, of old De la Mare, carried or, three bars dancette g ule s ;
as in Balfour's Manuscript.

The surname of AUCHENLECK., alias AFFLECK, argent, three bars sable, as in the
Lyon Register. The chief of this surname was in the shire of Angus, and had
their name from their lands ; as Sir George Mackenzie, who tells us in his Manu-
script, they had a charter of the lands of Auchenleck from King David I. There
was another family of this name in Kyle, called AUCHENLECK. of that Ilk, of which
family Sir John Auchenleck of that Ilk, having only two daughters, the eldest of
whom being married to William Cunningham of Craigens, anno 1499, disposed
his estate to him and his said daughter, and to the heirs-male of that marriage,
they bearing the name and arms of Auchenleck. But the conveyance being with-
out consent of the king, who was superior, the barony of Auchenleck fell into the
king's hands by recognition. King James IV. gave these lands to Thomas a
younger son of Balmuto in Fife, who married the other daughter and co-heiress of
Sir John Auchenleck of that Ilk; of whom is lineally descended Mr James Bos-
well of Auchenleck, advocate ; as in Crawfurd's History of Renfrew.

There was another family of the surname of AUCHENLECK, in the shire of Perth,
designed of Balmanno, who carried for arms, argent, a cross counter-embattled
.utble, being the arms of Balmanno, which the first Auchenleck of this family took
when he married the heiress of Balmanno of that Ilk, as Sir George Mackenzie
••n his Manuscript and Science of Heraldry.

Sable, three bars waved or, by the surname of LOGIE, being those of Sir John
Logic of that Ilk ; as in Balfour's Manuscript, whose daughter Margaret was
^econd wife to King David II.

The name of LAUCHLAN, azure, two bars waved argent, between as many cross
croslcts filched or in chief, and a swan in base, proper ; crest, a swan ; with the
;notto, Divina sibi canit, as in Font's Manuscript.

Bars do sometimes represent in armories, especially when waved or undy, as we
blazon them, waves of the sea and waters.

The arms of the surname of DRUMMOND, or, three bars waved gules, relative to
the name Drummond. Drum, in old Scots, says Hawthornden, a famous historian
and antiquary, signifies high, and und, or ond, from the Latin word unda a wave ;
mcl so Drummond, an high wave. The first ancestor of this family, is said by
Vanbassan, a Dane, as in his Manuscript in the Lawyers' Library, to have been
one Maurice, son of George, a younger son of Andreas King of Hungary, who suc-
ceeded his brother Solomon, whose queen was aunt to St Margaret, with whom
Maurice came to Scotland ; and to make good this extract, he urges the similitude
of the arms of Drummond, with those of Hungary, consisting also of bars : of
which immediately.

John Abel, a Franciscan friar, and John Leslie bishop of Ross, make also the

: of the family of Drummond an Hungarian, and captain of the ship in which
rxlgar Atheling and his sister Margaret arrived in Scotland, at the place now
.•ailed from her Queensferry. The same, says William Drummond of Haw-
thornden, viz. that one Maurice was captain of that ship: And, besides his former
derivation of the surname of Drummond, says, Drommont, or Drummond, in seve-
ial nations signified a ship of swift course, the captains of which were called Drom-
mont, or Drommoners ; for which he quotes William of Newberry in his Guide
to Languages. And the Honourable William Drummond, first Viscount of

OF THE BAR. 6*

Strathallan has writ a full Genealogical Account of th« family of Drummond,
with its rise from the Hungarian Maurice to this time, with the collateral branches
of the family ; some of which I shall only mention here, with their arms, as L have
found them in old and new books of blazons.

The first then of the ancient and noble family of DRUMMOND, was Maurice, who
took the name and arms upon the account abovementioncd : He is said to Iiuvc
got from King Malcolm III. a barony in the shire of Dumbarton, and the steward-
ship of Lennox ; which barony and oflice was enjoyed by his successors. Sir
William Drummond, the fifth in a lineal descent from Maurice, is mentioned in
the Ragman-Roll, who was the father of Malcolm Drummond, who married a
daughter of Maldwin Earl of Lennox. She bore to him several children : Their
eldest son, Sir John Drummond, married Mary Montifex, one of the daughters and
co-heiresses of Sir William Montifex, with whom he got several lands in Perthshire,
near to other lands which formerly belonged to his progenitors, as the baronies of
Stobhall and Cargill, where he fixed his residence ; which gave occasion thereafter
to his posterity to be sometimes designed barons of Stobhall, and sometimes of
Cargill. He had several sons and daughters : The eldest of the last, the beautiful
Annabella Drummond, was queen to King Robert III. and mother of King James I.
of Scotland.

The fifth, in a lineal descent from him, was JOHN DRUMMOND of Cargill, who
entered into an indenture and contract with Colin Earl of Argyle, anno 1472,
that his eldest son, Malcolm, should marry Lady Isabel Campbell, Earl Colin's
daughter ; and in case of failzie by death, the next son and daughter were substi-
tute to marry. But Malcolm died young, and his immediate younger brother
William married Lady Isabel, in his father's lifetime ;. whom I find, in a discharge
of 400 merks, as a part of the tocher, designed John Drummond of Cargill, anno
1478 ; to which his seal of arms was appended, having a shield couche by the
sinister chief point, charged with three bars waved, timbred with an helmet ; and
thereupon for crest, an eagle or falcon volant ; and supported by twb wild men,
with battons in- there hands : But there was no compartment as now used.. This
John Drummond of Cargill, was created a Lord of Parliament, by the title of
Lord Drummond, in the year 1487 : He married Lady Eliz'abeth Lindsay, daugh-
ter to David Earl of Crawford, commonly called Earl Bardy, and with her he had
issue ; and from whom was lineally descended,

JAMES sixth Lord DRUMMOND, who was created Earl of Perth 1605 '• ^e married
Isabel Seaton, daughter to Robert first Earl of Winton, and with her had only one
daughter, (being succeeded by his brother John in the earldom of Perth) Jean
Drummond, who was afterwards married to John Earl of Sutherland, of whom is
descended the present Earl of Sutherland. James Earl of Perth died in the palace
of Seaton, and was interred in the collegiate church of Seaton : Over him his lady
caused erect a stately marble monument, where his achievement is curiously
carved ; as by the following blazon used by his successors, Earls of Perth, viz.

Or, three bars waved gules, adorned with crown, helmet, and mantlings, befitting
their quality ; and, upon a ducal crown, in place of the wreath, standeth a slow-
hound, proper, collared and leished gules ; supporters, two savages, proper, wreath-
ed about the head and middle with oak leaves, holding battons over their
shoulders, standing upon a compartment, like to a green hill seme of gall-
traps ; and for motto, Gang warily. As for the arms of the branches of this fa-
mily, severals of them shall be added in the end of this chapter.

Fig. 1 8. Argent, four bars counter-embattled sable, in the centre an inescutcheon
^nles. Counter-embattled is said of the fesse, bar, bend, and cross, &c. when both
the sides of these figures are embattled. These arms were carried by the name of
STRAITON of Lauriston. Alexander Straiton of Lauriston was killed in the battle
of Hairlaw 1411 ; and another Alexander Straiton of Lauriston is witness in a
charter of King James III. confirming the lands of Kinnaird to Allan Kinnaird of
that Ilk.

There was an old family of this name, designed of that Ilk, from the lands of
Straiton, of which King David I. gave them a charter. Alexander Straiton of
that Ilk, and Andrew Straiton of Craig, are two of the inquest of serving Sir Alex-
ander Fraser of Philorth, heir to his grandfather Sir Alexander, in the thanedom of

62 OF THE BAR.

Cowy. Sir James Balfour, in his Book of Blazons, gives for arms to STRAITON of
that Ilk, barry nebule of ten pieces, argent and azure. Bars then are carried plain,
ingrailed, waved, embattled, and of other forms of lines before given in Plate II.

There are divers opinions concerning the number of bars that can be contained
in one field : Some say more, others less ; but, according to the proportion of the
bar, without diminishing it, the field will contain but three : Yet to the number
of four they are ordinarily blazoned bars ; and if they be above that number, thcy
are termed barn/lets or closets.

When the field is filled with such pieces, as fesses and bars, we must consider
whether they be of equal or unequal numbers; if of the last, we mention those of
the greatest number first, taking the same for the field, and the smallest number
last, as being the charge. Thus, in the former blazons, for example, that of
Straiten of Lauriston, argent, four bars counter-embattled azure : Here there are
five pieces, of argent, the field, and four of azure, the charge. But, when the piece?
are of equal number, then we say, fessy, barry, and barruly of four, six, eight, or
ten, as in the following examples :

Fig. 19. Plate IV. The province of ZEALAND in the Netherlands, barry wavey of
four pieces, argent and azure, on a chief or, a lion naissant gules. Which Chifle-
tius blazons thus, Fascia quatuor ex argenteo & cyano undulatim fusee, caput scuti.
aureum, leone coccineo (qui symbolum Hollandicum est) emergente impressum. Here
the bars waved, as in the arms of Meldrum, Lochlin, Drummond, and Zealand,
as we observed before, are taken for the waves of the sea, or of water ; so also
in the following blazon. The arms of Hungary, barry of eight pieces (the French
say fad, the Latins, fasciolc^ argent and gules. The four pieces argent, are
said, by heralds, to represent the four principal rivers that tlnvart the country of
Hungary ; and the other four pieces gules, the fertile red ground of the country.

When the number of these pieces exceed eight, the French, in place of barry,
.y burette of ten ; and some of the English will say barry of ten : As Sandford,.
in his Blazon of the Arms of VALENCE, barry of twelve pieces,, argent and azure,
.in orle of eight martlets gules; which John Hastings Earl of Pembroke quartered
as a coat of alliance with his own. And our heralds also say, barn' of ten pieces,
argent and azure, over all a lion rampant gules, carried by the name of. JACKSON ;
as Mr Pont, in his Manuscript. .

The abstract or diminutive of the bar to the half, is called by the English a
closet, and the fourth part of a bar is called by them a barrulet ; yet when the
iield consists of twelve of them, they do not say closette or barulette, but barry of
ten or twelve, and say also sometimes, twelve pieces bar-ways: So that closets and.
barrulets are not mentioned in English blazons, but when the pieces are of an odd
number, as argent five closets azure: The French, as is said before, for a bar, say,
face en devise; and the diminutive of it, they call a tr angle; which I take to be.
•he same with the English closet, of which Menestrier gives an example, viz.
argent, five tr angles gules ; and says, that tr angles are never borne in arms, but of
ai odd. number : So that the French never say tr angle, nor the English closette,
when the pieces are of an even number. Menestrier in his description of the
trangle, or tringle, says, it is a straight line made by a carpenter's rule, and that
tlie glaziers in France, call the bars of windows, to which the glass is fastened,
'ingles; and the ropes, which are stretched from one side of a river to the
other, for drawing boats back and fore, are' called tr angles. '

When these diminutives of the fesse or bar, are placed two and two in a shield,

^ are called, bars gemels, from the word gemelii, twins; being in couples:
\nd upon the same account, the French call them juinelle s ; the Latins, fasciolte
jcmince, or geininata: ; and when three and three are joined together, they are called
by the French, tierces; as by the following examples; argent, three bars gemeh
.f; overall, a lion sable, by FAIRFAX Lord Fairfax in England. Our heralds
:aake these arms barruly of twelve, argent and gules, a lion rampant sable ; and do
not join the bars g ules, two and two, as in fig. 28. ; for example of tierces, azure,
three tierces or, which Menestrier gives ; as also Monsieur Baron, for the arms of
Bourburg in France.

The French say of the faces, as of the pales before, when they are opposite to
one another in metal and colour: and call them then contreface, fig. 21. as in the

OF THE BAK.

Blazon of the Arms of Juron in France, by Menestrier and Baron, Com re j.
(for et de gueules de bvit pieces: We would say of such a bearing, parted per pale,
harry of four, 'j> u\\d gules counter-changed ; or as Mr Morgan, in his Bhizon of
the Arms of Sir Edward Barret of Avely in Essex, parted per pale, urgent and
gules, barry of four pieces counter-changed: Sir James Balfour, in his Ilia/.'
gives us the arms of the surname of PEIT, thus, parted per pale, ardent and g ules,
barry of six counter-changed. It may be objected, that there cannot be six bur-
in one field, since one bar possesses the fifth part of the field ; notwithstanding of
which, the English and we say, ordinarily, barry of six or more, understanding, as I
suppose, that there arc six pieces bar-ways.

Having spoken to the bar, and the diminution of its breadth, I shall speak a little
as to the losing of its length. When it does not touch the sides of the shield, it i->
said, with us, to be coupcd ; and alaise or aleze with the French ; as fig. 22. or,
three bars couped gules, by the family of HAMYDES in Flanders, which Mr Gibson
blazons thus, In campo aureo tres miniatos vectes a later e scuti disjunctos : French
herulds blazon these arms, d'or a trois bamydes de gueules. And from them Gerard
Leigh, when a fesse is couped, says it is bumet, from the bumydes, which signify a
cut or piece of a tree ; and therefore, Menestrier takes them in the above blazon
of the family of Hamydes, to represent what we call gantrees, or oblong pieces of
trees, after the form of fesses couped, upon which they set hogsheads and barrels of
wine, called in Flanders btunes ; and from which the surname and blazon of Hamydes.
The Dictionary of Arms, lately published by Mr Kent, gives the arms of the name
of ABRISCOURT, ermine, three bars buinette gules.

Having thus treated of the fesse and bar, in their forms, multiplication and di-
minutives, I am now to show what denomination other figures have, when situate
after their position ; as when many small figures are ranged in the middle of the
field, after the position of the fesse, they are said to be in fesse ; the French say,
Ranges oil mises en face, and the Latins, Faciatim in loco ascia;, or, ad modum fascia ;
as in the bearing of MONTAGUE Earl of SALISBURY, argent, three fusils, (some call
them lozenges) in fesse gules, and with us argent, five fusils in fesse sable ; for
which some of our heralds say, argent, a fesse fusilly sable, by LEITH of Restalrig,
as fig. 23. Others of the name have them otherwise disposed ; of which in the
chapter of fusib.

When small figures are ranged horizontally, above or below the middle of the
shield, they are said then with us, to be in bar; but the French, whether figures
be ranged in chief or in base, say en face. As for example, some of the surname
of OUSTON, with us, give for arms, gules, a crescent between two stars ranged bar-
ways in chief, and three stars bar-ways in base argent, as in Mr. Workman's Il-
luminated Manuscript. The French would blazon this bearing thus, gules, a cres-
cent between two stars in fesse bausse, or transposed, and other three stars in fesse
abaisse argent, as Menestrier, in his blazons of the arms of GROLIER in France, just
such another as the former, fig. 24. viz. d'czure a. trois efoiles if 'argent, en face sur
trois besants (for, disposes de meme en face abaisse, i. e. azure, three stars in fc^.f ,
and as many besants .in fesse below the middle of the shield. Abaisse is a term
used by the French, when a chief or fesse is situate in the shield below their
proper and fixed places : For example, the chief is always placed on the top of the
shield ; but when another chief is placed above it, (as in the following chapter of
the chief, Plate IV. fig. 31, and 32.) then the lowermost of the two is called a
chief abaisse, and so of a fesse, whose proper place is the middle third part of the
field ; but if it be placed below that, it is called a fesse abaisse, in opposition to
the fesse bausse, of which before ; and so they say the same of other figures situate
after the position of these fesses high or low.

When oblong figures are placed in the field of arms horizontally, one above ano-
ther, they are .said to be bar-ways ; as some do blazon the arms of England, gules,
three leopards bar-ways in pale or, but these being Horn passant g ardant, need not,
by their position after that of the bar, be said to be bar-ways, since passant inti-
mates the same. For a more specific example of which, I shall here give the arms
of BERTIE Marquis of LINDSEY, in England, argent, three battering rams bar-v,
proper, armed and garnished azure. This family was dignified with the title of
Lord Willoughby of Eresby, 1580 ; and, in the year 1626, with the title of Earl of

64 OF THE BAR.

Lindsey, and honoured with the office of Great Chamberlain of England, which is
hereditary to the family since the death of Henry tie Vere Earl of Oxford, and,
afterwards, with the title of Marquis of Lindsey, 1706. The first of this family is
said to be one LEOPOLD DE BERTIE, Constable of Dover Castle, in the time of King
EtheJred, whose ancestors are said to have come from Bertiland, on the borders of
Prussia, with the Saxons. The above arms they quarter with those of Willough-
by, being or, a fret azure. There are several noble branches of this family, as
BERTIE Earl of ABINGDON, as in the Peerage of England, who carries the same arms,
with an annulet, for his difference.

BLAZONS BELONGING TO THE CHAPTER OF THE BAR.

The surname of HARE with us, azure , two bars, and a chief indented or.

Balfour's MS.

Sir THOMAS HARE of Howburdolph, in Norfolk, Baronet, gules, two bars and a
chief indented or.

KIRBY of Kirbyhall, in Lincolnshire, argent, two bars and a canton gules, charged,
with a cross moline or.

Or, three bars azure, these were anciently the arms of one FULK DE OYRAY, an
English Baron, whose only daughter and heiress was married to one of the name of
Constable, who assumed the arms of the said Fulk, his father-in-law ; and from him
was lineally descended Henry Lord Constable of Halsham, who carried the same
arms as his paternal ones. He was, by King James I. of Great Britain, created
Viscount of D unbar, 1621.

FOTHERINGHAM of Lawhill, a second son of the family of Powrie, ermine, three
bars gules, and, for his difference, charges each bar with a buckle or ; crest, a grif-
fin's head couped, proper : motto, Be it fast.

FOTHERINGHAM of Bandon, another younger son of Powrie, carries the arms of
the family within a bordure gules, for difference ; crest, a griffin's head erased,
.proper : motto, Be it fast. Both matriculated in the Lyon Register.

The Right Honourable JOHN Earl of MELFORT, second son of James Earl of Perth>
and his lady Anne Gordon, eldest daughter to George, second Marquis of Huntly,
and Lady Anne Campbell, daughter to Archibald Earl of Argyle. John, before
he was dignified with any titles of honour, married, first, Sophia Lundin, heiress
of Lundin, and with her had issue ; secondly, he married a daughter of Sir Tho-
;nas Wallace of Craigie, sometime one of the Senators of the College of Justice,
md Lord Justice Clerk, and with her he has issue. He was first made Constable
of the Castle of Edinburgh, and Master of the Ordnance ; he was a Privy Coun-
cilor, and soon after made Secretary of State by King Charles the II. and was
continued in that post by King James VII. who farther honoured him with the ti-
tle of Earl of Melfort, Viscount of Forth, Lord Drummond of Riccarton, Castle-
main, and Glaston. His armorial bearing, quarterly, first and fourth or, three bars
waved gules, for Drummond ; second and third or, a lion rampant within the dou-
ble tressure, flowered and counter-flowered with flower-de-luces gules, all within a
bordnre gobonated, argent and azure, the arms of LUNDIN of that Ilk, as descend-
ed of a natural son of William King of Scotland.

The royal bearing, within the foresaid bordure, was granted by a special conces-
5 on of King Charles II. under his royal hand, to John Laird of Lundin, (afterward^
Karl of Melfort), the tenor of which concession, or allowance, is as follows :

"• CHARLES REX,

~\\ THEREAS by a declaration, under the hand of our Lyon-Depute, in our
V V ancient kingdom of Scotland, bearing date the ad of September last, it
doth appear to vis, that it is sufficiently instructed, by original charters and other
ancient documents, that the ancient family of Lundin, (or London), in our said
kingdom, is lineally descended of Robert of London, natural son of William the
Lion King of Scotland, and brother to King Alexander IL and that in regard of

OF THE BAR. 65

this descent, it may be proper (if we please to allow the same) for the Laird or
Lundin to bear the royal arms of Scotland, within a bordure coinpone, or gobonated,
argent and azure ; and for the crest, a lion gulesr issuing forth of an open or an-
tique crown or ; and, for supporters, two lions gardant gules, having collars or,
charged with three thistles vert : with this motto, Dei dono sum quml sum. And
we being graciously desirous, upon all fit occasions, to give testimony of the es-
teem we have of that ancient and honourable family, do, by these presents, give
full power, and warrant, and authority, to the present Laird of Lundin, and his
lawful successors of the name of Lundin, and descending from that family, to bear
£.c. as above. For doing whereof, this shall be to him, and to our Lyon King at
Arms in that our kingdom, now for the time being, for extending and giving out
the said arms in due form, a sufficient band. Which we do hereby appoint to be
recorded in the Books of Registers of our Lyon Office, and this original band to re-
main in custody of the said Laird of Lundin and his successors aforesaid.

Given under our royal hand and signet, at our Court at Whitehall, the i^th day of
October, One thousand six hundred and seventy-nine, and of our reign the thirty-
one year.

By His Majesty's Command,

LAUDERDALE."

The Lairds of Lundie, or Lundin, have been, and still are in. use to carry only
these arms in the above grant, disusing their old bearing, (of which before in the
Chapter of the PALE). And. in the Lyon Register it is added, " That it is further
" allowed to the said Laird of Lundin, to add to the lion, the crest, a sword erect
" in his dexter paw, and a thistle slipped in the sinister, all proper." See the same
engraven among the Achievements.

DRUMMOND of Carnock, or, three bars waved gules, within a bordure of the last.
William Drummond, the first of this family, was a second son of Sir John Drum-
mond, and brother to Annabell, Queen to King Robert III. and mother of King
James I.

DRUMMOND of Midhope, or, three bars waved gules, within a bordure of the last,
charged with eight crescents of the first for his difference, being a younger son of
Carnock.

DRUMMOND of Hawthornden, or, three bars waved. gules, within a bordure of the
last, being the same with Carnock, as representative of that family ; crest, a pega.-
sus proper, maned and winged or : motto, His gloria reddlt honores. The first of
the family of Hawthornden was Sir John Drummond, second son to Sir Robert,
first Laird of Carnock, and his wife Marjory, daughter to Robert Lord Elphinston.
Of them was lineally descended William Drummond of Hawthornden, a learn-
ed gentleman, a famous antiquary, a renowned poet, and author of the History of
the five King James's ; whose son was the late Sir William, father of the present
Laird of Hawthornden. L. R.

GEORGE DRUMMOND of Blair, descended of a third son of Sir Walter Drummond
of Cargill, and his lady, a daughter of Graham of Gorthy, carries or, three bars
waved gules, each charged with an escalop of the field, being a part of the Graham's
bearing ; crest, a nest of young ravens, proper : with the motto, Deus Providebit.
L. R.

DRUMMOND of Innermay, or, three bars waved guies, on a canton argent, a foun-
tain azure; crest, a, hand holding a flaming heart erected proper : motto, Loyal au
mart. The first of this family was David, second son of John Drummond of Drum-
merinock, a fourth son of Sir Malcolm Drummond of Cargill, and his lady, a
daughter of Tullibardin. L. R.

GEORGE DRUMMOND of Riccarton, quarterly, first and fourth or, three bars waved
gules, within a bovdure azure ; second and third argent, a lion rampant azure, for
Crichton ; crest, a lion azure, issuing out of a wreath : motto, Dum spiro spero.
He was descended of a second son of Innerpeffry, younger son of the first John
Lord Drummond. N. R.

JAMES DRUMMOND, a younger son of David Lord Drummond, and his lady, a

J0 OF THE BAR.

daughter of William Lord Rutlvren, was first styled Lord INCHAFFRY, being Com-
mendatory of that Abbacy, and tifterwards created Lord MADERTV, by King James
VI. in the year 1607. He married Jean, daughter to Sir James Chisholm of Crom-
licks, and with her got the lands of Innerpeffry, which were her mother's portion,
being heiress of Sir John Drummond of Innerpeffry. He had by his said lady two
sons, John Lord Maderty, and Sir James the first Laird of Machony. The achieve-
ment of the Lord Maderty is, or, three bars unde gules, and, oil a canton argent, a
lion's head erased, within a double tressure counter-flowered gules ; crest, a falcon
proper, armed, chessed, and belled or; supporters, two savages proper, holding
clubs over their shoulders, wreathed about the head and middle with laurels, stand-
ing upon a hill seme of gall-traps : and for motto, Lord have mercy.

Sir JAMES DRUMMOND of Machary, descended as above, carries the same with
the Lord Maderty, with a crescent for a brotherly difference ; crest, a falcon hood-
ed, chessed, and belled, proper: motto, Prius mori quam fidem fuller e.

WILLIAM DRUMMOND, Viscount of STRATHALLAN, Lord Drummond of Cromlicks,
eldest son of William Drummond, a younger son of John second Lord Maderty,
was a Lieutenant-General in Muscovy ; and, upon his return home, was advanced,
for his merit, to the like post in Scotland ; and, by King James VII. created Vis-
count of Strathallan. He was succeeded to that same title of honour by his son
William, who also succeeded to the last Lord Maderty, who died without heirs-
male of his body ; and carried, for arms, quarterly, first and fourth or, three bars
waved gules, for Drummond ; second and third or, a lion's head erased gules, with-
in a double tressure flowered and counter-flowered of the last, as a coat of augmen-
tation ; crest, a goshawk with wings displayed, proper; motto, Lord have mercy ;
supporters as the Earl of Perth, without the compartment. In some paintings, his
crest is a falcon standing upon one foot, and holding up with the other a garland
of laurel : with the motto, Virtutem coronal honos.

Sir JOHN DRUMMOND of Logiealmond, as a third son of John second Earl of Perth,
the arms of Drummond, within a bordure \va\edgules; crest, a dexter arm from
the shoulder holding a broad sword : and for motto, Nil- timeo. N. R.

JOHN DRUMMOND of Colquhalzie, descended of the Earl of Perth, or, three bars
waved gates, and, in chief, as many stars azure; crest, a turtle dove standing on
the top of a rock, proper; with the motto, Sto mobilis. N. R.

JOHN DRUMMOND of Pitkellanie, descended of Concraig, or, three bars unde, and,
in chief, a boar's head erased gules, for Chisholm of Cromlicks, with whom this fa-
mily matched ; crest, a sword and garb, proper, placed saltier- ways : motto, Et
•narte fc? arte. N. R.

Mr JAMES DRUMMOND of Cultmalundy, descended of the Earl of Perth, or, three
bars waved gules, in the centre a man's heart counter-changed of the same ; crest,
a hand grasping a. man's heart, proper : motto, Cum corde. N. R.

Mr DAVID DRUMMOND, sometime Minister at Monedie, a younger son of Col-
quhahie, carried as Colquhakie, all within a bordure gules, for his difference ; crest,
an anchor in pale, and a dove standing on the top of it : with the motto, Spes mea
res mea. N. R.

GEORGE DRUMMOND of Carlowrie, or, three bars waved gules, and, for a brother-
ly difference, a mullet surmounted of an annulet ; crest, a dexter hand holding a
curling stone : with the motto, Have at all.

Sir GEORGE DRUMMOND, sometime Provost of Edinburgh, or, three bars waved,
and, in chief, a martlet betwixt two crescents gules ; crest, a pheon or: motto, Con-
sequitur quodcunque petit. N. R.

GAVIN DRUMMOND, descended of Kildies, who was a cadet of the family of Pit-
kellunie, or, three bars unde gules, over all a naked man naiant in pale, grasping
in his dexter hand a sword, and having his sinister hand and feet in action, all
proper ; crest, a dexter hand holding a spear, proper : motto, Per mare per terras.
>J. R.

Mr JOHN DRUMMOND, representative of Midhope, or, three bars wavey gules,
within a bordure of the last, charged with eight crescents of the first ; and for crest,
three stars placed in cheveron or : motto, Ad astra per ardua. N. R.

The ancient family of GREY, Earls of KENT in England, now Dukes of Kent,
carry barry of six, argent and azure , for their paternal coat. And Grey Earl of

OF THE CHIEF OR CHEF. 67

STAMFORD, a branch of the family of Kent, carries the same, with this addition,
viz. barry of six argent and azure, in. chief three torteauxcs, with a label of three
points ermine.

The two branches of the family of CECIL, Thomas and Robert, two brothers,
were both created Earls by King James I. of Great Britain, the tlvird year of hi&
reign.

THOMAS, (the eldest by birth, though the youngest in the title), Earl of EXETER,
carries the principal bearing, viz. barry of ten, argent and azure, over all, six es-
cutcheons sable, each charged with a lion rampant of the first : And ROBERT, the
younger, though first in the dignity of Earl, by the title of SALISBURY, carries the
same arms, with a crescent for his difference.

. The family of the surname of THYNNE in England were anciently surnamed
BOUTEVILLE. The first of that name came from the countries of Ponton and Gas-
cony in France, with forces to assist King John of England in his wars against the
Barons ; and his successors, for a long time famous in England, went under the
name of Boutevillel till the reigns of Edward IV. and Richard III. that John Boute-
ville of Stratton was first named John le Thynne, and from him the name of
Thynne was derived to the family of Boutevilles. His grandson, Thomas Thynne,
alias Boutevijle, in the reign of Henry VIII. married the daughter and heir of
Bleek, and Bleek a daughter and heir of Gataker, who married with a daughter and
heir of Sir John Burleigh ; upon which account, the Thynnes now quarter the
arms of those three families with their paternal arms, viz. barry of ten or and sable.
This family was raised to the honour and dignity of Baron Thynne of Warminster,
and Viscount of Weymouth, by letters patent, bearing date I ith December 1682.

The surname of MACALZON with us, or, five bars gules, accompanied with two
spear-heads in chief, three martlets in the centre, and four spear-heads in base %of
the last. Font's Manuscript.

MONTAGUE Earl of MONTAGUE, argent, three fusils in fesse gules, within a bor-
dure sable, for his difference from Salisbury, who carries only the plain coat.

MONTAGUE Earl of MANCHESTER, descended of Montague Earl -of Montague, car-
ries as he does, with a crescent for a brotherly difference : And MONTAGUE Earl of
SANDWICH, another younger brother, carries the same with Montague Earl of Mon-
tague, with a star for his difference.

The surname of LEITH, of old, argent, five fusils in fesse sable : Some say, ar-
gent, a fesse fusil sable.

LEITH of Leith-hall, or, a cross croslet fitched sable, between three crescents-' in
chief, and as many fusils in base gules, bar-ways.

LEITH of Overhall, or, a cheveron between three fusils azure, here the fusils
are two and one ; and LEITH of Hearthill carries his figure that same way, viz. or, a
cross croslet fitched azure, between two crescents in chief, and a fosil in base
gules.

CHAP. XH.

OFTHE CHIEF OR CHEF.

THE Chief is that honourable ordinary which possesses the third upper part of
the shield horizontally ; and the French describe it, Une piece honorable qui
occupe le tiers le plus haut de I'ecu. The Latins call it scuti coronis vel caput, taking
it to represent the crown or sign of- sovereignity and eminency j upon which ac-
count, the republics in Italy, jealous of any thing that may be said to represent
sovereignty, will not allow a chief to be used in the armorial ensigns of their no-
bility : So that most of their arms are coupe, in imitation of the chief, as Menestrier
and others observe ; who likewise tell us, that the chief, in arms, represents the
upper part of the consular garment, called capicium, (which word is used in blazon
by some for a chief}, and that none can carry a chief in those republics, but by a
special licence or concession ; but in other countries, and with us, it is not in so
high esteem.
It is generally taken as a mark of wisdom and prudence, for chief signifies the

68 OF THE CHIEF OR CHEF.

head. And any concessions of armorial figures, granted by sovereign princes to
their deserving friends and subjects, are ordinarily placed on a chief, or in chief, as
all these concessions of armorial figures, made by the emperors to the free states in
Italy, viz. Genoa, Mirandula, Massa, &c. are placed in chief. And Sir George
Mackenzie very well observes, that the reason why this ordinary, the chief, is so
frequently charged with figures, or that figures are placed in chief, is the respect
our gentry had to their superiors or over-lords, by using some of their figu;es on a
chief, or in chief, in their bearings.

When there is a chief of concession to be added to any coat of arms that has a
bordure about it, the bordure must not go round the chief but cede to it.

The chief, saith Leigh and Guillim, containeth in depth the full third part of
the field ; which may in some cases be augmented or diminished a little, notwith-
standing of this rule, but in no case divided into halves horizontally, — of which af-
terwards.

Fig. 25. Plate IV. argent, a chief gules, by Sir ALEXANDER MENZIES of that Ilk ;
crest, a savage's head erased, proper: motto, Will God, I shall. N. R.

MENZIES of Weem, and others of that name, of whom afterwards, give ermine
a chief gules. This surname is ancient with us, and our historians, as Hector Boyes
and others, mention it among the first of our surnames in the reign of Malcolm
Canmore ; of which surname there have been many eminent families, who stood
firm for their country against the English, under the usurpations of the Edwards,
Kings of England.

Argent, a lion rampant gules, armed and langued azure, a chief ermine, by Sir
JOHN MONCRIEF of that Ilk, Baronet, in the shire of Perth ; crest, a demi-lion ram-
pant as the former ; supporters, two men armed cap-a-pee, bearing pikes on their
shoulders, proper : motto, Sur esperance. N. R. Which surname is from their
land : Alexander III. grants a charter of confirmation of the lands of Moncrief to
John de Moncrief, whose family was chief, and continued till of late. — More exam-
ples of bearing a chief plain at the end of this chapter.

The chief may be parted per pale, bend, dexter or sinister, as also- quartered ;
but the English say it cannot be parted per fesse. It is also subject to be counter-
changed, and to all other accidental forms of lines above-mentioned, of which I
shall add a few examples.

Fig. 26. Plate IV. or, a chief parted per pale, azure and gules, by ARCHIE of that
Ilk, with us. The French say, d'or an chef parti $ azure et de gueules. Sylvester
Petra Sancta gives us such another bearing, thus : scutum aureum cum coronide scu-
taria Ifipartita ex cianeo i$ ostro.

Fig. 27. Plate IV. parted per pale, argent and sable, a chief indented and coun-
ter-changed of the same, by the surname of LAING, as in Font's Manuscript. Where
ulso SHEWEL of that Ilk, argent, a boar's head erased sable, on a chief invected of
the last, three mullets of the first. Having given examples of arms with a chief,
and of its accidental forms, I shall now give a few with a chief charged, for which
we ordinarily say on a chief; and afterwards a few examples of what we call in
chief.

By one of the rules of blazon, when a chief is in a coat of arms, it is the last figure
to be mentioned, except it be surrounded with a bordure.

Fig. 28. Plate IV. argent, on a chief gules, three pallets or ; but in several paint-
ings, the chief is paly of six pieces, or and gules, the ancient bearing of the sur-
name of KEITH. The occasion of this bearing is not unlike that of the Prince of
Catalonia, his carrying such figures, of which before ; but of a more general and
Certain tradition, being of a later date. Thus, in anno 1006, at the battle of Pan-
bride, one Robert, a chieftain amongst the Chatti, (from which it is said came the

• mme of Keith or Ketbi), having joined Malcolm II. King of Scotland with his
; illowers, was very instrumental in obtaining a notable victory over the Danes,
u here their King Camus was killed by the hands of this Robert, which King Malcolm
perceiving, dipped his fingers in Camus's blood, and drew long strokes or pales of
blood on the top of Robert's shield, which have ever since been the r.rmorial fi-
gures of his descendants. All our historians and antiquaries agree in this action ;
and Hector Boyes, in his Book u. chap. 17. tells us, Camus was slain in the fight
by a young man called Keith j who, for his singular valour, got lands in East Lo-

OF THE CHIEF OR CHEF. 60

thian, which he called after his own name. And Sir Robert Sibbald, in his His-
• of Fife, page 42. says, The chief of the 'family of Keith was, in the year 1010,
by Malcolm II. advanced to the hereditary dignity of Marischal of Scotland, for liis
eminent valour against the Danes, and got a barony in East Ixrthian, which was
called Keith after his name, and the isle of Inch-Keith in the Forth, likewise call-
ed after his name. And Sir George Mackenzie, in his Science of Heraldry, gi\e-
us the same account of the rise of the arms of Keith ; as also in his Manuscript of
Genealogies, amongst which is the genealogy of this noble family ; where he, by
charters, instructs, that this family was in possession of the office of High Manschal
of Scotland long before the reign of King Robert the Bruce. Afterwards it was un-
questionably hereditary in the family ; which was, by James II. dignified with the
title of Earl of MARISCHAL, and the succeeding Earls in a lineal descent, heads of
that ancient and noble family, ever since have carried the above arms, (never mar-
shalled with any other), adorned with crown, helmet, and mantlings, befitting
their quality; and, on a wreath of their tinctures, and sometimes, in place of it, a
ducal coronet ; for crest, a hart's heart erased, proper, armed with ten tynes or;
supporters, two harts proper, armed as the crest : and for motto, Veritas vincit.
And behind the shield, two battons gules, seme of thistles, ensigned on the top with
imperial crowns placed saltier-ways, as badges of the office of High Marischal of
Scotland.

The blazons of the arms of several branches of this family will be found in the
end of this chapter.

Fig. 29. argent, a man's heart gules, ensigned with an imperial crowa proper, on
a chief azure, three stars of the first, now the paternal coat of the name of DOUGLAS.
The old arms of the family, before Douglas became a surname, were azure, three
stars argent, two and one. Some say, azure, three stars in chief; which were car-
ried by all the ancient branches of that family, of different designations, long be-
fore Douglas became a surname to all the descendants.

The same arms were carried by the Scoti, a considerable family in Plaisance in
Italy ; who were descended of one William, a son of one of the old ancestors of the
family of Douglas, who accompanied (with many other brave Scotsmen) William,
brother to Achaius, in an embassy to Charlemagne King of France ; and who
assisted that King in his wars in Italy. Some of those Scotsmen were founders
of great familes in Italy, amongst whom was this William (of the Douglases an-
cestors) designed Scotus, of whom the Scoti in Plaisance. From other Scotsmen
also, -who settled there, came the Riarii Scoti in Bononia, Mariscoti in Mantua,
the Baroni Scoti in Florence, and the Paperoni Scoti in Rome ; all of which car-
ried the paternal arms of their respective families in Scotland, from whom they
ufere descended ; and by their arms they were known : For surnames were not in
use for a long time after, as John Leslie in his History, " Uti etiam, ante aliquot
' saecula, alii Scoti, (fixis in Imbria ac Italia sedibus} clarissimarum familiarum
' cognominibus oblivione deletis," &c. " Ex insignibus, tamen, qu<e pneferunt,
' facile collegi potest, ex quibus, quaque familia, parentibus Scotis, profluerit."
And the same author, speaking of William, the ancestor of the Scoti in Plaisance,
and of his arms, which were the same with those of the ancestors of the Douglases,
Lib. 8. says, " Unde, certissima conjectura assequimur, illam per-antiquam comi-
' turn familiam, quibus Scoti cognomentum confirmarit jam usus loquendi, Pla-
' centime florentem, ex nobilissima noJtrorum Douglassiorum comitum (eadem
' namque sunt insignia) prosapia oriundam fuisse." Hume of Godscroft, in his
History of the Douglases, tells us also, that the arms of Scoti in Plaisance, were
the same with those of the Douglases of old, viz. azure, three stars argent, which
were to be seen in St Laurence's church in Plaisance, where that family have
twelve monuments. And further adds, that he saw a letter from Mark Anthony
Scoto d'Agnazo, to the Earl of Angus, by which it was evident enough, that the
arms of the Scoti in Plaisance were once the very same with the old arms of the
Douglases, and continued so till the war between the Guelphs and Gibelines ; at
which time the Scoti being of the French interest, were chosen to head the
Guelphs ; and because the Gibelines had all of them in their arms, figures of an
odd number, the Scots, during that wrar, carried only two stars, with the addition
of a bend dexter, to distinguish themselves from the Gibelines, who bore a bend

7o OF THE CHIEF OR CHEF.

sinister ; and that the Emperor Henry IV. afterwards honoured the Scots in Plai-
sance with a pelican for their crest.

The ancient arms of the DOUGLASES then, were azure, three stars argent; which,
it seems, were altered, after that Good Sir James Douglas carried King Robert the
Bruce's heart to Jerusalem, thus, argent, a man's heart gules, on a chief azure,
three stars of the first, by some called mullets.

WILLLAM Lord DOUGLAS, and Baron of Cavers, nephew to Good Sir James, car-
ried these last arms, as by his seal of arms, which I did see appended to a charter
of his, granting the church of Meikle-Cavers to the abbacy of Melrose ; which
charter was in the custody of Mr David Simpson historiographer : The seal was
of red wax, on which was a shield couche, charged with a man's heart, and on a
chief three stars, supported by one lion only, seiant, having his head in a helmet,
which timbred the sinister high angle of the shield. The man's heart was not en-
signed with an imperial crown in the arms of Douglas, till some ages after.

The Earls of DOUGLAS, of this line, afterwards quartered other arms with their
own, upon the account of alliances and noble feus. They ordinarily carried, quar-
terly, first Douglas, as before ; second, azure, a lion rampant argent, for Galloway ;
third, azure, three stars argent, upon what account I cannot learn, being the same
with their old arms before mentioned ; fourth, argent, a saltier and chief gules, for
the lordship of Annandale. And when Dukes of Touraine in France, they quar-
tered that duchy's arms in the first quarter ; being azure, three flower-de-luces or.
I shall give the arms of the branches of this noble family, in the end of the chap-
ter, after I hvive treated of the chief and its various attributes more fully.

Fig. 30. Plate IV. Or, on a chief sable, three escalops of the first, by the sur-
name of GRAHAM ; which, when surnames came in use, is said to have been taken
in memory of that valiant man, called Graham, general of King Fergus II's army,
who made a breach upon the trench or wall, which the Emperor Severus had
made betwixt the Scots frith and the river Clyde, as the outmost bounds of the
Roman Empire, to keep out the Scots from molesting them in their possessions ;
which Graham threw down ; and ever since it has been called Graham's Dyke. He
was the progenitor of a noble family in Scotland, who, when surnames came in
use, as is said, took the name Graham from this their famous ancestor.

The principal family of the name is that of the Earls of Montrose, now honour-
ed with the title of duke ; and, for their antiquity, I shall mention here some do-
cuments. In the charter of foundation of the abbacy of Holyroouhouse by King
David I. William de Graham is a witness ; which principal charter I saw lately,
and is now in the archives of the town of Edinburgh. King William gave a
charter of the lands of Kinnabyr, Davidi de Graham militi, pro homagio y servitio
suo ; and the same Sir David got also the lands of Muckram. To him succeeded
his son Sir David, who lived in the reign of Alexander III. and got from that
King the lands and barony of Kincardine. This family was very zealous in vin-
dicating the independency of Scotland against the English, and was sometimes de-
signed of DundafF, sometimes of Kincardine, and sometimes of Mugdock. Sir
Patrick Graham, son and heir of David de Graham de Dundaff, is one of the hos-
tages sent to England, for the ransom of King David II. ; which Sir Patrick was
sometimes designed of Kincardine : His son and successor, Sir William Graham,
was, designed of Mugdock ; and his grandchild, Sir Patrick Graham, was by our
King James II. created Lord Graham : His grandson again, William Lord Graham,
was, by King James IV. in the 5th year of his reign, anno 1504, created Earl
of Montrose, and had those lands erected into a free barony and earldom, which
formerly belonged to his progenitors, by the gift of King Robert the Bruce, nar-
rated in a charter of King James IV's, which is to be seen in the chartulary of
Dunfermline, and in the Earl of Haddington's Collections, in the Lawyer's
Library.

This Earl of Montrose was killed with King James IV. at the battle of Flodden,
the pth of September 1513. Of him was lineally descended James Earl of Mon-
trose, who was created Marquis of Montrose 1643, by King Charles I. He was
that King's High Commissioner, and Lieutenant-General of Scotland ; who, with a
small army for the King, did feats beyond belief against the Covenanters. His
great-grandson James, the fourth Marquis of Montrose, was raised to the dignity

OF THE CHIEF OR CHEF. 7r

of a duke 1707; whose achievement is, quarterly, first and fourth, or, on a chief
sable, three escalops of the first, for the name of Graham ; second and third,
argent, three roses gules, for the title of Montrose ; crest, a falcon, proper, armed
and beaked or, standing on an heron argent, membred gules : motto, Ne oublie ; sup-
porters, two storks, proper. As for the arms of the honourable branches and
cadets of this noble family, they are to be found at the end of this chapter.

Having treated of a chief, and on a chief, or a chief charged, as we sometimes
speak, and having illustrated them by suitable examples, before I proceed to
blazons in chief, I shall speak to those arms we sometimes meet with, which have
two chiefs, or the diminutive of a chief.

The English tell us, that the chief is subject to all the partition lines in heral-
dry, but cannot be parted per fesse, that is, couped horizontally through the
middle : Yet, say they, such a partition may be, when three parts of the chief are
above, and but one below ; and this they call a combel or fillet, viz. the diminu-
tive of a chief, representing that ligament which ties up the hair, like what our
common people in Scotland call a woman's snood : And heralds call it a fillet,
because of the length and narrowness of it, as also because of the place where it
is placed ; for did it occupy any other place than the chief, it should go under
another name.

We frequently meet with two chiefs in one coat, especially of foreign arms ; as
those of Pope Innocent III. who was of the family of EDISCALKIE, thus, vair, on a
chief gules, a leopard argent, surmounted of another chief or, charged with an
eagle displayed sable, crowned gules. Here the chiefs are not the diminutives one
of another, but both of an equal breadth, and proportioned as a chief should be to
the body of the escutcheon ; and when it so happens, then the two chiefs take up
the half of the escutcheon.

That which occasions two chiefs, in one coat, is the concessions made by sove-
reign princes, of their royal figures to their deserving friends or subjects ; who
having before, a chief in their paternal arms, place those of their sovereign's on
another chief, as those of the emperor's, in the last example, and several others
I could here add, so carried by subjects of the empire.

The Knights Templars of St John of Jerusalem, have ordinarily two chiefs,
especially those knights who have a chief in their paternal bearings ; who, in that
case surmount it, with another of the arms of that order, which they are by cus-
tom obliged to do, being gules, charged with a cross argent : For example, fig. 31.
the arms of Le BAILLI de VALENCE, of the House of ESTAMPES in France, being a
principal Knight of that Order, carried azure, two girons placed cheveron-ways or,
on a chief of the last, three ducal crowns gules, being the paternal coat, surmounted
with another chief, (of the order of St John of Jerusalem) gules, a cross argent.
WThich arms Menestrier blazons thus, f azure a deux girons d'or, mises en cheveron
mi cbef d'or, charges de trois couronnes due ales de gueules, ce chef est abaisse sur celui
de la religion : The term abaisse, as I have observed already, is said of all the proper
figures in armories, that are lower situate than they should be ; and the chief of
this Order, he calls a chief of religion : So also, Mr Thomas Crawfurd calls it ;
who tells us, that one of the name of DUNDAS, Lord St JOHN, principal Knight of
the Order of St John of Jerusalem with us, carried argent, a lion rampant gules,
for Dundas, and a chief of the last, charged with a cross argent, the cross of re-
ligion.

When the uppermost of the two chiefs is broader than that below, then it is
said to be soutenu, that is, supported by the undermost ; which being a diminutive
of a chief, is called a trangle by the French, and a fillet by the English ; as in the
arms of the family of URCINS in France, fig. 32. thus blazoned by Menestrier,
Bande d'guettles et d' argent, au chef de meine, charge d'une rose de gueules, et sou-
tenu d'un trangle d'or, charge d'une aiguille ondoyante d'azi/re, i. e. bendy of six gules,
and argent, on a chief of the last, a rose of the first, supported by a trangle, (the di-
minutive of a bar, a fillet, with the English, for the diminutive of a chief, of
which before), or, charged with a serpent gliding azure. Sylvester Petra Sancta
describes these arms, beginning first at the chief, thus, Gerunt Urcini, rosam puni-
ceam, in coronide scutaria argento illusa, cum subjecta insita (the diminutive of a

ya OF THE CHIEF OR CHEF.

bar), coloris anri, aqnatali collubrio cceruleo impresso, & cum una scuti semisse i.
nis cat ti, baltf':s tcrnis tirgcnteis totidcmque puniceis.

With the French, there is a chief, which they call chef cmtsu, that is, when a
i hief is of" metal upon metal, and of colour upon colour ; which cannot be said to
be laid upon a field as other chiefs are ; being contrary to the general received
rule, that metal must be upon colour, and colour upon metal ; and is called a
chief cousii, that is, sewed and not laid on the field, but added to the upper part of
the shield. Cousu, says Menestrier, ' Se dit du chef qu and il est de metal sur metal,
ou de couleur sur couleur ; Sylvester Petra Sancta calls it, Scutari urn caput ascituw,
fidventitium, ac sutile. There are several examples of this chief in French books
of blazons, as that of the family of BONNE de LESDIGUIERES in France, gules, a
lion rampant or, on a chief cottsu, azure, three roses argent, as fig. 3^ I have met
with no such practice of carrying a chief cousu, in the arms of any family in
Britain.

There are several other accidental forms of a chief used abroad, and to be found
in English books ; as a chief convert, chaperonnc, mantels. Couvert they say when
the chief is shadowed with hangings of tapestry ; and cbaperonne, which the
English call sbapournet, derived from the French word chaperon, which signifies a
hood, which they place upon a chief: Muntele is said, when a chief is covered with
a mantle of a different tincture, like tierce en mantelet beforementioned. There are
several other varieties given us by French and English heralds, particularly Mi-
Holme, in his Academy of Armories, which I pass over as mere fancies ; seeing
they are carried by no families in Britain, nor by any considerable family in other
nations, and proceed to speak of the blazon in chief.

In chief, is said, when natural or artificial figures are placed in the upper part of
the shield, where the ordinary, the chief, is placed, and that without any purfle, or
line, separating them from the under part of the shield.

Fig. ^4. Azure, in chief three stars (called spur-rowels in the Lyon Register)
argent, the armorial bearing of DALMAHOY of that Ilk, an ancient and honourable
family in Mid-Lothian, now honoured with the dignity of baronet. Amongst the
the gentlemen of inquest, at serving William Lord Somerville heir to his father
Thomas, the first lord of that name, in the year 1435, there is mentioned Sir
Alexander Dalmahoy of that Ilk. The lairds of Dalmahoy having been for a con-
siderable time Under-Masterhouseholds to our kings ; and for supporters, they have
two serpents nowed, cottising the shield ; and for crest, a hand brandishing a
sword : motto, Absque metu.

Fig. 35. WAUCHOPE of Niddry, azure, a garb or, and in chief two mullets of the
last ; more of which family near the end of this chapter. So much then shall
serve for the various forms > and attributes of the chief; I shall add here several
blazons of noble families, whose bearings are relative to the chief in the same order
as I have treated of it from the beginning of this chapter.

The surname of DEWAR, or, a chief azure; the surname of SQUARE, or, a chief
gules; the surname of AIRTH, argent, a chief sable, as in Sir George Mackenzie's
Heraldry.

DURWARD, of old Lord DURWARD, as in Sir James Balfour's Blazons, argent, a

•hief gule s. Alanus Durward, Ostiarius Regis, after the forfeiture of David Hastings,

Earl of Athol, was by King Alexander II. created Earl of ATHOL. He lived but

two years after he was made Earl, and died without issue. He carried for arms,

argent, on a chief gule.':, a lion passant gardant of the first.

BELCHES of that Ilk, paly of six, or and gules, a chief vair; crest, a greyhound's
head couped argent, coloured azure: motto, Fulget virtus intaminata. L. R.

BELCHES of Tofts, in the Merse, or, three pallets gules, a chief vair ; ci-est, the
trunk of an oak tree eradicate, with leaves sprouting out, proper ; the motto,
Revirescit. L. R.

The surname of CAUSTON, argent, two stars and a crescent in base sable, a chief
chftiue, argent and vert. Font's Manuscript.

The surname of BRUCE carries or, a saltier and chief gules ; but more of them in
the chapter of the saltier.

BURNET of Barns sometimes designed of Burnetland, in the shire of Tweeddale.
carries argent, three holly leaves vert, and a chief azure.

OF THE CHIEF OR CHEF. 73

'lor.ERT BURNT.T, Comn;i',sary of Peebles, a younger son of B une ;

and for his difference, die undermost line of the chief is embattled ; but more of
this name afterwards.

The surname of BIGIIOLME, argent, an oak tree eradicate vert, a clr e, or

and azure.

His Grace the Duke of ORMOND, Earl of OSSORY, &c. or, a chief indent •
This noble family is said to be descended from the old counts o;
mandy, and were hereditary chief butlers of Ireland; who, by reason of the office,
introduced the surname of BUTLER into the family; as also took arms relative to
the name and office, azure, three cups or; which they quarter with their paternal
coat. James Butler was created Earl of Ormond by King Edward III. of Eng-
land. Of him was descended James Duke of Ormond, who was made a peer of
England. by the sams title, by King Charles II. the 341(1 of his reign, 1682.

The Right Honourable CHARLES BUTLER Earl of ARRAN in Ireland, and Lord
Butler of Weston in England, gives the same quartered arms, with a crescent for
difference. •

Sir ROBERT PASTON of Paston, descended of a family in the county of Norfolk ;
for his loyalty to King Charles I. and assisting in the restoration of King Charles II.
was created by that king a baron, by the title of Lord PASTON Viscount of YAR-
MOUTH, in 1673, and thereafter Earl of YARMOUTH, 1679. He carries azure, six
flower-de-luces, 3, 2, and i, and a chief indented or.

MANNERS Earl of RUTLAND, and Baron Roos of Hamlock ; so dignified by King
Henry VIII, and Baron Manners of Haddon by King Charles II. 1679, or, two bars
azure, a chief quarterly of the second and gules, the first charged with two flower-
de-luces or, and the last with the lion of England ; which figures were given to
this family, as an augmentation of honour by Henry VIII. as being descend-
ed of the royal blood of England, the chief formerly being altogether gules. And,
as it is observed before, the chief is the ordinary place for receiving additional
marks of honour.

The surname of PECK HAM in England, ermine, a chief quarterly, or mdgu/es.

The Right Honourable JOHN KEITH Earl of KINTORE, Lord Keith of Inverury
and Keith-hall, and Knight Marischal of Scotland, second son to William Earl Ma-
rischal, and Lady Mary Erskine, daughter to John Earl of Marr, by his lady Mat v
Stewart, sifter to Ludovick Duke of Lennox and Richmond. He, for his loyalty
and faithful services to King Charles II. and for being instrumental in preserving
the regalia of the kingdom from falling into the hands of the English, in the usur-
pation of Oliver Cromwell, had these regalia added to his own arms by way of
augmentation ; and was honoured by the said King with the titles of dignity above-
mentioned. His achievement is quarterly, first and fourth gules, a sceptre and
sword in saltier, with an imperial crown in chief, within an orle of eight thistles
or, as a coat of augmentation ; second and third argent, on a chief gules, three
pallets or. Sometimes the chief, as I observed before, is represented paly of six,
or and gules ; and sometimes the chief, for the name of Keith, is argent, three pal
lets gules, which is not good armory to lay a chief argent on a field or ; so that the
first is better than the last. This noble family has -been in use to carry for crest ,
a demi-woman, richly attired, holding in her right hand a garland of laurel, proper ;
and, for supporters, two men in complete armour, each holding a pick in a senti-
nel's posture, proper : and for motto, Styx amissa salva, relative to the regalia :
For it was given out that he had carried them over to King Charles II. who v
then in France, and, by this means, they were preserved at home. He married
Lady Margaret Hamilton, sister to the Earl of Haddington, by whom he had se-
veral children. He was succeeded by his eldest son William Earl of Kintore, who
married a sister of the Viscount of Stormont, and left issue.

Sir ALEXANDER KEITH of Ludquhairn, Baronet, argent, a cross croslet fitcbt, and
an escalop in fesse azure, on a chief gules, three pallets or; crest, a dexter hand
casting an anchor in the water: motto, Remember tbv end. N. R.

KEITH of Ravenscraig, argent, on a chief gules, three pallets or, quartered with
or, three cushions gules, within a double tressure counter-flowered of the last, for
RANDOLPH. Font's MS.

-4 . OF THE CHIEF OR CHEF.

KEITH of Hui.hill, or, a cross croslet filched azure, between two crescents and a
fasil in base gules. Font's MS.

KEITH of Troop, an old cadet, quartered the arms of Keith with azure, a garb
between three falcons' heads or, — as in Font's MS.

KEITH of Tillygone, parted per fesse, or and argent, on the first three demi-pal-
lets gules, and in base a man's heart of the last ; crest, a lure proper : motto, 1/enit
:ib astris. L. R.

Major GEORGE KEITH of Arthurhouse, Sheriff-depute of the Sheriffdom of Kin-
cardine, descended of the family of the Earl Marischal, argent, a saltier and chief
gules, the last charged with three pallets or, all within a bordure compone azure,
and the first ; crest, a dexter hand holding a pick erect, proper, headed argent :
motto, Justa scquor. L. R.

KEITH of Auquhorsk, descended of the Earl Marischal, argent, a chief paly of
six, gules and or, on the second a buckle of the first. L. R.

Major ROBERT KEITH of Craig, argent, on a chief embattled gules, three pallets
or, a bordure crenelle of the second ; crest, a stag standing at a gaze or, in a watch-
ing posture under a bush of holly, all proper : motto, Fortiter qui sedulo. L. R.

KEITH of Inverugie, argent, a chief paly of six pieces, or and gules, within a
bordure ingrailed sable. Esplin's MS.

They of the surname of DICKSON, as descended of one Richard Keith, said to be
a son of the family of Keith Marischal, took their name from Richard, (called in
the south country Dick), and to show themselves to be descended of Keith Earl
Marischal, they carry the chief of Keith. There are several families of the name
of Dickson, of a good old standing, in the shire of Berwick.

DICKSON of Bughtrig there, azure, three mullets argent, on a chief or, as many
pallets gules; crest, a hand holding a sword in bend, proper: with the motto, For-
tes for tuna juv at. L. R.

DICKSON of Belchester, now the only old family of that name since Bughtrig has
failed, carries the same as Bughtrig. The next to it is DICKSON of Newbigging,
'who carries the same also, with additional figures for his difference.

Mr ALEXANDER DICKSON of Wester-Binning, descended of Bughtrig, carries as
Bughtrig, within a bordure ingrailed gules; crest, a man's heart, proper, winged
argent : motto, Cadum versus.

Sir ROBERT DICKSON of Sornbegg, now designed of Inneresk, argent, three stars
gules, on a chief of the last, as many pallets or ; crest, a hart couchant and gardant
proper, attired or, within two branches of laurel disposed orle-ways. L. R.

The arms of the branches of the principal family of DOUGLAS, v/hich were nobi-
litate, as they are to be found in our old Books of Blazon, are as follows :

WILLIAM DOUGLAS Lord LIDDISDALE, natural son to Archibald Earl of Galloway,
quarterly, first and fourth Douglas, bruised with a batton sinister sable ; second
and third sable, a lion rampant argent, for Liddisdale.

ARCHIBALD DOUGLAS Earl of MURRAY, third son of James Earl of Douglas, quar-
terly, first and fourth argent, three cushions within a double tressure flowered and
counter-flowered with flower-de-luces gules, for the earldom of Murray ; second and
third argent, a man's heart gules, on a chief azure, three stars of the first, for
Douglas.

HUGH DOUGLAS Earl of ORMOND, fourth son of James Earl of Douglas, ermine,
;i man's heart gules, on a chief azure, three stars argent. Which two last Earls
were forfeited for their rebellion, in going with William Earl of Douglas against.
King James II. and III. so that in this William the chief family of the Douglases
ended.

The principal and chief family of DOUGLAS, since the extinction of the old line
of the Douglases, is that of ANGUS ; the first of which family was George Douglas,
son of William first Earl of Douglas, by his third wife Margaret Stewart, daughter
und heiress to John Stewart Earl of Angus, son to Sir Alexander Stewart of Bon-
kill, son of Sir John Stewart of Bonkill, brother to James Lord High Steward of
Scotland, father to Walter Lord High Steward, father to King Robert II.

MARGARET, Countess of ANGUS, bore to her husband William Earl of Douglas, a
-on George, in whose favour she resigned the earldom of Angus in Parliament, the
of April 1389: This George Douglas. Earl of Angus, married Mary, eldest

OF THE CHIEF OR CHEF.

daughter to King Robert III. and had issue William Earl of Angus, father of James
and George, successively Earls of Angus. I have seen the seal of arms of this James
Douglas Earl of Angus, Lord Abernethy, appended to a charter of his to one Ro-
bert Imrie, of the lands of Stukerland, in the shire of Perth, dated at Tamtallan.
the 8th of May 1434 : On which seal was a quartered shield, first, a lion rampant;
second, a man's heart, and on a chief three stars ; third, a fesse cheque, surmoun-
ted of a bend, charged with three buckles ; fourth, a lion rampant, bruised with a
ribbon : Which shield was ensigned with an old fashioned helmet ; and, upon the
top of it, for crest, a plume of feathers, supported, on the dexter, by a hart or
deer, and, on the sinister, by a woman in a genteel habit. The whole achieve-
ment was surrounded with the impalement of a wood or forest, such, as that now
used as a compartment under the present achievement of the family, — as in Sir
George Mackenzie's Heraldry ; and the legend round the seal was, S. Jacobi Comi-
tis Anguisi<e Dom. de Abernetbie i$ Jedivorth forest.

He was succeeded by his brother George Earl of Angus, of whom was lineally
descended William Earl of Douglas, who was created Marquis of Douglas the i jth
of June 1633, and from him the present Duke of Douglas, who have been in use
to carry, as at this time, quarterly, first azure, a lion rampant argent, crowded or,
for the earldom of Galloway ; second or, a lion rampant gules, surmounted of a
ribbon sable, for the Lord Abernethy ; third argent, three piles gules, for Wish-
art of Brechin ; fourth or, a fesse cheque, azure .and argent, surmounted of a
bend gules, charged with three buckles of the first, for Stewart of Bonkill ; crver
all, on an escutcheon argent, a man's heart gules, ensigned with an imperial crown,
proper, and, on a chief azure, three stars of the first, the paternal coat of Douglas ;
above the shield, a crown, helmet, and vollets, befitting their dignity ; and, in place
of a -wreath, a chapeeiu, or cap of state gules, turned up ermine, and, upon it, for
crest, a salamander vert, in the middle of flames of fire : motto, Jamais arnere :
Supported, on the dexter, by a savage, proper, holding a batton erected, and
wreathed about the middle with laurel vert, and, on the sinister, by a stag, proper,
armed and unguled or ; both which supporters stand within a pale of wood
wreathed and impaled, for a compartment.

The Right Honourable the DOUGLASES Earls of MORTON, were originally from the
Douglases of Dalkeith ; who were descended of John Douglas, half-brother to good
Sir James Douglas, in the reign of Robert the Bruce : Which John Douglas was
Captain of the Castle of Lochleven in the reign of David II. His son and heir was
Sir James Douglas of Dalkeith and Aberdour ; who had by his lady, Agnes Dun-
bar, daughter to the Earl of March, James Lord Dalkeith, who married the Lady
Elizabeth Stewart, daughter of King Robert III. by whom he had James, his suc-
cessor, Lord Dalkeith, father of James Lord Dalkeith, who, by King James the II.
was raised to the dignity of Earl of Morton, in Parliament, the I4th March 1457,
as by charter and instrument in the custody of the present Earl of Morton; which
Earl married Lady Jean, daughter of King James the I. Dowager Countess of An-
gus, by whom he had John, his successor, the father of James Earl of Morton.

Which James married Katherine, natural daughter of King James IV. with
whom he had only three daughters, Margaret, married to James Earl of Arran ;
Beatrix, to Robert Lord Maxwell ; and Elizabeth, to James Douglas, son of Sir
George Douglas of Pittendrich, brother to the Earl of Angus. He, in her right,
was Earl of Morton, upon the renunciation of the Earl of Arran and Lord Maxwell,
who married the two elder daughters. This James Earl of Morton was Regent of
Scotland in the minority of King James VI. He died withovit issue, and was suc-
ceeded by his nephew Archibald Earl of Angus, who also died without issue ; and
William Douglas of Lochleven, by virtue oif, a tailzie, became Earl of Morton,
Lord Dalkeith and Aberdour. He was succeeded by William, his grandson and
heir, who was High Thesaurer of Scotland, and one of the Knights of the most no-
ble Order of the Garter, in the reign of King Charles I. He married Anne,
daughter to the Earl Marischal, by whom he had Robert Earl of Morton, his
successor ; who married Anne Villars, daughter to the Viscount Grandison, by
whom he had William Earl of Morton, his successor; who married Grissel, daughter
to John, first Earl of Middleton, by whom he had Charles Lord Dalkeith, who
died before his father, and was succeeded by Sir James Douglas, his uncle, second

-6 OF THE CHIEF OR CHEF.

son to the Thesaurer. He married Anne Hay, daughter to Sir James Hay of Sinith-
tield, by whom he had James Earl of Morton, his successor, who died a bachelor,
and is succeeded by Robert, present Earl of Morton, his brother-german.

The achievements of the Earls of Morton are quarterly, first and fourth Douglas
as before. ; second and third argent, three piles issuing from a chief gules., on the
last two stars of the first, for the Douglases of Dalkeith, who carried a chief gules,
and the Douglases of Lochleven, who carried the three piles in chief, charged w ith
two stars ; but since these two families were united in the house of Morton, they
join the chief and piles together : The Earl of Morton's crest is a tanglier, proper,
-ticking between two clefts of an oak-tree, with a chain and lock holding them to-
gether: motto, Luck sicker ; supporters, two savages, proper, wreathed about the
head and middle with oak-leaves vert, as in the Plate of Achievements of the No-
bility.

DOUGLAS Duke of .QUEENSBERRY, Marquis of Dumfries-shire, Earl of Drumlan-
rig, Viscount of Nith, and Lord Douglas of Kinmount, quarterly, first and fourth
argent, a man's heart gules, ensigned with an imperial crown, proper, on a chief
azure, three stars of the first, for Douglas ; second and third azure , a bend betwixt
six cross croslets fitched or, for the title of Marr, all within a bordure or, charged
with a double tressure gule s ; crest, a man's heart proper, winged and ensigned with
an imperial crown or; supporters, two pegasuses argent, winged or: with the motto,
Forward.

The first of this family was Sir William Douglas, son of James second Earl of
Marr ; 'who got from his father the lands of Drumlanrig, Hawick, and Selkirk,
v/hich were afterwards confirmed by King James I. to the family. Of him was li-
neally descended Sir William, the tenth laird of Drumlanrig, who was created a
Lord of Parliament, and honoured with the title of Viscount of Drumlafirig, anno
1630 ; and, in the year 1633, was advanced by King Charles I. to the dignity of
Queensberry : His grandson William, third Earl of Queensberry, was, by King
Charles II. dignified with the title of Marquis, and soon after with the title of Duke
of Queensberry. He had issue by his lady Isabel, daughter to William Marquis
of Douglas, James, who succeeded him, and William, the first Earl of March.

WILLIAM DOUGLAS Earl of MARCH, Viscount of Peebles, Lord Douglas of Neid-
nath, Lynn, and Mannor : His achievement quarterly, first and fourth as Queens-
berry ; second and third gule s, a lion rampant urgent, within a bordure of the last,
charged with eight roses of the first, for the title of March ; supported on the sinis-
ter1 by a lion gules, and on the dexter, by one of the supporters of Queensberry ;
with his crest and motto as above.

Sir JAMES DOUGLAS of Kellhead, Baronet, descended of a second son of William
first Earl of Qucensberry, and his lady Isabel Ker, daughter to the Lord New-
battle, afterwards Earl of Lothian, and now Marquis of Lothian, carries the quar-
tered arms of Queensberry within a bordure ingrailed gules, charged with eight be-
zants or ; crest, a man's heart proper, powdered with besants, crowned and winged
or: motto, Forward. N. R.

DOUGLAS Lord CARLYLE, first and fourth argent, a cross flory gules, for Carlyle ;
>econd and third gules, a cross or, for Corsby ; over all, by way of surtout, the pa-
ternal coat of Douglas ; crest, t\vo dragons' heads and necks in pale addossc azure;
supporters, two peacocks, proper : motto, Humilitate. The first of this family was
George Douglas, natural son to Sir George Douglas of Pittendrich, who married
Elizabeth, daughter and heir of James Douglas of Parkhead, and with her had two
•-ons, first, Sir JAMES DOUGLAS of Torthorald, his son and heir.

Second, Sir GEORGE DOUGLAS of Mordington, of whose armorial bearing I have
seen no vestige or memorial.

Sir James was succeeded by his son Sir James, who, marrying Elizabeth, grand-
child and heir of Michael Lord Carlyle, was, in her right, Lord Carlyle of Tortho-
,ald ; their son, James Lord Carlyle, married Elizabeth Gordon, daughter of Sir
John Gordon of Lochinvar, but having no issue, he resigned his honours to William
tirst Earl of Queensberry, in the year 1638, who had acquired his estate ; and
thereby the title became extinct in this family.

The Right Honourable ARCHIBALD Earl of FORFAR, Lord Berredale, only son of
the second marriage of Archibald Lord Angus, who in his father's lifetime, Wil-

OF THE CHIEF OR CHEF.

liam Marquis of Douglas, was advanced to the dignity of \ <A For-

tar, by King Cliurles II. 1651 ; which lust title of Earl of Forfar, was to descend
to the eldest son of the second marriage with Lady Jean \Vemy^, daughter to the
Eari of Wemyss, who bore the above Archibald Earl of Forfar. He nvirried Air-
Rabina Lockhart of the house of Lee, with whom he had Archibald late Karl of
Forfar, who died at Stirling of the wounds he received at the battle of Sheritfmuir.
He and his father carried for their achievement, quarterly, first azure, a lion ram -
pant urgent, crowned or, for the earldom of Galloway ; second or, a lion rampant
gules, bruised with a ribbon sable, for Abcrnethy : third argent, three piles issuing
from the chief, conjoined, at the points in base gules,, for Wishart ; fourth m
fesse cheque, azure and argent, surmounted of a bend gules, charged with ti;
buckles or, for Stewart of Bonkill, and over all the coat of Douglas, (where I mu it-
observe by the way, that these arms diller not from the bearing of his elder bro-
ther the Marquis of Douglas, but by transposition of the quarters, which, in my
opinion, is not a sufficient difference for a younger brother, some diminution or
addition of other figures being necessary) ; which arms are adorned with crown,
helmet, and mantlings, befitting his quality ; and, on a wreath of his tinctures, for
crest, a salamander in flames, proper : motto, Extinctus or'wr. Supported on the
dexter by a savage, wreathed about the middle with laurel, proper, and about the
neck a chain of gold, at which did hang before his breast a heart gules, ensigned
with an imperial crown, and holding in his right hand a batton erected, on the si-
nister, supported by a hart, proper, attired or, with a col'ar azure, charged with
three stars argent, having a heart ensigned with an imperial crown hanging
thereat.

Lord WILLIAM DOUGLAS, son of the foresaid William first Marquis of Douglas
and younger brother of Earl Archibald, by a second marriage with Lady Mary
Gordon, daughter to George the first Marquis of Huntly, was made Earl of Sel-
kirk, and, upon marrying Anne Dutchess of Hamilton, Duke of Hamilton for life ;
and quartered the arms of Hamilton with those of the Marquis of Douglas, before
blazoned, — of which afterwards.

Lord GEORGE DOUGLAS, brother-german to the last mentioned Lord William, af-
terwards Duke of Hamilton, was created Earl of Dumbarton, and carried the arms
of his father, the Marquis of Douglas, writhin a bordure of France and England,
quarterly, viz. first and fourth azure, three flower-de-luces or ; second and third
gules, three lions passant gardant or, supported as the Duke of Douglas before-men-
tioned ; and for crest, a peacock proper.

DOUGLAS of Glenbervie, quarterly, first and fourth the paternal coat of Douglas ;
second and third argent, a cross counter-embattled sable, for Auchinleck. The
first of this family was Sir William Douglas, second son of Archibald Earl of An-
gus, surnamed Bell-the-cat, who lived in the reign of King James 111. Sir Wil-
liam married Elizabeth, daughter and heir of Sir John Auchinleck, (or Affleck),
of that Ilk, and with her he got the estate of Gler.bervie ; on which account the
family quarters the arms of Auchinleck as above. Their grandson, Sir William,
succeeded, as nearest heir-male, to the earldom of Angus, and had with his lady,
Giles, a daughter of Robert Graham of Morphie, three sons j first, William Earl
of Angus ; second, Sir George, who died without issue ; third, Sir Robert of Glen-
bervie, who married Elizabeth, daughter of George Auchinleck of Balmanno : He
by her had two sons, the eldest Sir William of Glenbervie, whose issue failed in his
grandson, Sir Robert Douglas of Glenbervie, Colonel of the Scots Royal Regimen) ;
he had the bad fortune to be killed at the battle of Steenkirk in Flanders, 169 2,
leaving only one daughter, who died young. Sir Robert of Glenbervie's second
son was George Douglas, Doctor of Divinity, who married Cicely Drury, daughter
and co-heir to Sir Robert Drury of Rucham in Sussex. Their eldest son, William
Douglas of Airdit, married Agnes Scott, a daughter of Sir Patrick Scott of Ar.crum ;
and their son, Robert Douglas of Airdit, upon-the death of his cousin, Sir Robert
Douglas of Glenbervie, Baronet, killed as above, and the decease of his young
daughter, succeeded as heir-male to the estate and honours of the family of Glen-
bervie. The present Sir Robert married first, Mary, daughter of Sir William Ruth-
ven of Dunglas, and his lady, Katharine Douglas, daughter of William first Mar-
quis of Douglas, by his second lady, Mary Gordon, daughter of George the lir>i

?8 OF THE CHIEF OR CHEF.

Marquis of Huntly, the only son of which marriage is William. Secondly, he
married Janet Paterson, a daughter of the Laird of Denmuir, and has with her
issue. This account is taken from the genealogical tree of this knightly family,
who have been in use, on their paintings and carvings, to adorn their above arms
with the crest, motto, and supporters of the Marquis, now Duke of Douglas, — of
which before.

DOUGLAS of Cavers, descended of a son of James Earl of Douglas and Marr, and
brother to Sir William, the first of the family of Queensberry, carries the paternal
coat of Douglas, within a bordure gules; crest, a dexter hand holding a broken
lance bend-ways, proper : with the motto, Do or die. So matriculated in the Lyon
Office.

DOUGLAS of Whittinghame was descended of a second son of James Lord Dal-
keith, and his lady, a daughter of the Lord Borthwick. He carried ermine, on a
chief gules, two stars argent, as in Esplin's and Pont's Books of Blazons ; but Mr
Thomas Crawfurd, in his Manuscript, says, he placed in base a cinquefoil sable,
being his maternal figure for Borthwick.

DOUGLAS of Bonjedward carries only the paternal coat of the name, and, for dif-
ference, in the collar point, a label of three points gules; as on the paintings of the
genealogical tree of the house of Douglas, which makes the first of the family of
Bonjedward to have been William Douglas, a third son of William Earl of Angus,
and brother of George Earl of Angus, who married the daughter of Sibbald of Bal-
gonie, sometime Thesaurer of Scotland.

Mr WALTER DOUGLAS, minister at Linton, and third son of George Douglas of
Bonjedward, carries the above arms within a bordure ingrailed gules; crest, a. hand
holding a scimiter : motto, Honor & amor, — as in the Plates of Achievements.

DOUGLAS of Kilspindy was a third son of Archibald Earl of Angus, and a younger
brother to Glenbervie. He was Provost of Edinburgh in the reign of King James
V. and carried only the paternal coat of Douglas, with a mullet for difference, as
I have observed.

DOUGLAS of Moffat carried the same, but without the crescent.

DOUGLAS of Pittendreich, ermine, a hart gules, ensigned with an open crown or,
on a chief azure, three stars argent.

I shall add some other blazons of the name of Douglas, as they are matriculated
in the Lyon Register.

ROBERT DOUGLAS of Bridgeford, grand-child of a third son of the Earl of Angus,
bears as the Marquis, now Duke of Douglas, quarterly, within a bordure indented
or; and for crest, a dexter hand grasping a sword, erected proper: motto, Petit
ardua virtus.

JAMES DOUGLAS of Bads, descended of the family of Dalkeith, argent, a man's
heart with a dart piercing the same fesse-ways gules, on a chief azure, three mul-
lets of the field : motto, Sapientia y veritas.

ROBERT DOUGLAS, sometime Bailie of Musselburgh, argent, a heart crowned
gules, betwixt three mullets azure.

JOHN DOUGLAS of Inchmarle, descended of Morton, the same as that Earl with-
in a bordure counter-componed, or and sable; erest, a dexter hand appearing out
of a bush, holding an oak leaf, proper : motto, Tandem Jit surculus arbor.

JOHN DOUGLAS of Mains, argent, a fesse cheque gules, and of the first, between
three stars in chief azure, and a man's heart in base, proper ; crest, an oak tree
proper, with a lock hanging upon one of the branches : motto, ^uae serata
stcura.

ARCHIBALD DOUGLAS of Cliftonhall, frmine, on a chief azure, three stars argent,
a bordure gules; crest, a hand holding a man's heart proper, ensigned with a cres-
cent argent : motto, Meliora speranda.

ROBERT DOUGLAS, Esquire, only son to the deceased Sir Robert Douglas of Til-
iiquhally, quarterly, first, the paternal coat of Douglas ; second, Douglas of Loch-
leven ; third, argent, three mascles sable , on a chief of the last, as many lions pas-
sant gardan* of the first, for the name of Ogstoun ; crest, a dexter hand issuing
out of a cloud, holding a sword erect, proper : motto, God for us.

Mr JAMES DOUGLAS of Earnslaw in the Merse, who got those lands by marrying
the heiress thereof, whose name was Graiden : He was the eldest son of Mr Robert

OF THE CHIEF OR CHEF. 70

Douglas, a presbyterian muiii-ter, descended of the house of Lochlr.ven, urgent,
th.i - piles gules, and on a chief a^ure, as many stars of the first, witnin a bordurc

The blazons of the cadets of the noble family of Graham, which have occurred
to me, are these :

Sir PATRICK. GRAHAM, second son of Sir Patrick Graham of Kincardine, progeni-
tor of the Duke of Montrose, married Eupham, daughter and sole hrir or David
Stewart Earl of Strathern, eldest son of the second marriage of King Robert II.
and his Queen Eupham Ross. He, by his lady, was Earl of STRATHERN, nnd <
ried for arms, quarterly, first argent, on a chief sable, three escalups or, for Graham ,
second and third or, a cheveron gules, for Strathern, (the old Earls of Strathern
carried two cheverons) ; fourth or, a fesse cheque, figure and argent, for Stewart.
Their son, Malise Graham, was one of the hostages sent to England for the ransom
of King James I. and after he returned to Scotland, it \vas found, by the lav
the kingdom, that the earldom of Strathern was a masculine feu and could not d
cend to his mother ; but, in place of it, King James I. invested him in the earldom
of Monteith, which was in the King's hands by the forfeiture of Murdoch Stewart
Duke of Albany, Earl of Fife and Monteith ; which dignity continued in the ;
terity of Malise Graham till of late. The Earls of Monteith carried quarterly, first
and fourth argent, on a chief sable, three escalops or, for Graham ; second and
third or, a fesse cheque, azure and argent, and, in chief, a cheveron gules, for
Stewart of Strathern ; crest, an eagle's head, proper, beaked or ; supporters, two
\xatlfardaHtgides, collared sable, and charged with three escalops or : motto, Right
and Reason.

GRAHAM Viscount of PRESTON was descended of Graham Earl of Monteith, v,
progenitor went to England, and got a good possession there. One of the family,
viz. Sir Richard Graham of Netherby in Cumberland, Bi-.ronet, was honoured v.
the dignity of Lord Viscount of Preston in Scotland, by King James VI. \\i.
slu'dld of arms, as in Guillim's Display, is coupe one, parti two, which makes six
areas or quarters ; first or, a chief sable, charged with three escalops of the art;
second or, a fesse cheque, azure and argent, and in chief a cheveron gules ; these
two are the arms of Graham Earl of Monteith, of whom the Viscount of Preston
and others are descended ; third azure, five annulets, 2, 2 and i ; fourth argent,
on a bend sable, three owls of the first ; fifth argent, a cross gules, fretted or ;
sixth argent, on a bend azure, six flower-de-luces or, 2, 2 and 2, supported on the
right by a heron proper, and on the left by a lion gar dant gules, collared sable,
charged with three escalops or; crest, a vol, proper : motto, Reason contents me.

Sir WILLIAM GRAHAM of Gartmore, Baronet, another branch of the family of
Monteith, quarterly, first and fourth or, a pale gules, charged with a mullet ar-
gent, and, on a chief sable, three escalops of the first ; second and third or, a fesse
cheque, azure and argent, and, in chief, a cheveron g tiles ; crest, an eagle display-
ed, in his dexter talon a sword in pale, proper : motto, For right and reason. Sir
William's only son, Sir John Graham of Gartmore, died unmarried 1708, and was
succeeded by Robert Graham of Gallangad, his cousin-german ; who is now the
male representative of Sir John Graham of Kilbride, second son to Malise, the first
Earl of Monteith, as in Mr Crawfurd's Peerage. The above armorial bearing .of
Gartmore is to be seen in the Plate of Achievements.

WALTER GRAHAM of Gartur, whose great-grandfather was a second brother of
the Earl of Monteith, bears the arms of that family, as above blazoned, within a
bordure cheque, sable and or ; crest, a dove resting, with a twig of a palm-tree in
its beak, proper : motto, Peace and grace. L. R.

GRAHAM of Morphy, an ancient branch of the house of Graham, in the reign of
King Robert the Bruce, got the lands of Morphy confirmed to the family by the
charters of King David Bruce. Sir Robert Graham of Morphy was knighted by
his chief John Earl of Montrose, Chancellor and Viceroy for King James VI. wi.
arms were sable, a cheveron argent, between three escalops or, as in Balfour's Books
of Blazons.

ROBERT GRAHAM, son to Sir William Graham of Mugdock, (one of the progeni-
tors of the Duke of Montrose), and his second wife, Lady Mary Stewart, daughter
of King Robert III. and widow of William Earl of Angus, and of James Kennedy

fc, OF THE CfflEF OR CHEF.

of Dunmore ; which Robert was the first of the family of JFintry.. His arms, in
the old Books of Blazons, are or, on a chief indented sable, three escalops of the
first. But, by our modern Blazons, the indenting of the chief is as large as piles,
and surrounded with the double tressure of Scotland, as a badge of their descent
from the royal family, and so carried by the branches of this family.

GRAHAM of Claverhouse, a younger son of Fintry, of whom was lineally des-
cended John Viscount of DUNDEE, who carried or, three piles waved sable, within a
double tressure counter-flowered gules, and, on a chief of the second, three esca-
lops of the first.

GRAHAM of Duntroon, descended of Claverhouse, carries the same, but ingrails
the chief for his difference ; crest, a flame of fire issuing out of the torce : motto,'
Recta sursutn. L. R.

GRAHAM of Pottento, another cadet of Claverhouse, gives the same, but makes
the chief indents for his difference ; crest, a flame of fire issuing out of the torce,
proper : motto, Semper sursum. L. R.

Sir JOHN GRAHAM of Gogar, or, a cross croslet issuing out of a crescent gules,
within a double tressure flowered and counter-flowered sable, on a chief of the last,
three escalops of the first.

Sir WILLIAM GRAHAM of Claypots, or, three piles issuing from a chief sable,
charged with three escalops of the first, and in base a rose gules, all within a dou-
ble tressure counter-flowered of the last.

Sir WILLIAM GRAHAM of Ballargus carries the same, but, in place of the double tres-
sure, he had a bordure azure : Which last three gentlemen, says Mr Workman, a
famous herald, were descended of Fintry, and were knighted with Sir David Her-
ring of Lethendy, by John Earl of Mont rose, Chancellor and Viceroy to King
James VI. the first day of May1 1604, to which he was a witness, as in his MS.

JAMES GRAHAM of Monargan, a second son of Fintry, or, three piles sable, on a
chief of the last, as many escalops of the first, all within a double tressure coun-
ter-flowered gules, and a crescent for difference ; crest, a flame of fire issuing out
of the torce or wreath, proper : motto, Nunquam deorsum. N. R.

GRAHAM of Inchbrakie, the first of this family was Robert, a younger son of
William first Earl of Montrose, killed at the battle of Flodden. Inchbrakie gives
for arms, or, a dike (or wall) fesse-ways, broken down in some places, and in base,
a rose gules, on a chief sable three escalops of the first. The dike (or wall) here
is assumed not only to difference, but to perpetuate the valiant action of Graham
beforementioned, in throwing down the wall and ditch, which the Romans made
betwixt Forth and Clyde, to keep out the Scots, which is to this day called
Graham's Dike ; crest, a hand holding a garland, proper : motto, A Deo victoria.
N.R.

MUNGO GRAHAM of Gorthy, descended of Inchbrakie, or, three roses within a

bordure gules, on a chief sable, as many escalops of the field ; crest, two arms

issuing from a cloud erect, and lifting up a man's skull incircled with two branches

of a palm tree, and over the head a marquis's coronet : motto, Sepulto viresco.

GRAHAM of Grahamshall, descended of Gorthy, or, a lion rampant azure, be-
tween three roses gules, and on a chief sable, as many escalops of the first ; crest, a
lion couchant under a sword in pale, proper : motto, Nee temere nee timide. N. R.

GRAHAM of Brackness, descended of Inchbrakie, or, a lion's paw erased and
erected between three roses gules, and, on a chief sable, as many escalops of the first ;
i rest, a lion's paw, as the former, grasping a sword erected in pale, proper: motto,
v/r temere nee timide. L. R.

GRAHAM of Bachlavy, descended of Inchbrakie, or, a stag 'current between three
roses gules, on a chief sable, as many escalops of the first. L. R.

JOHN GRAHAM of Killearn, descended of William Graham, Rector of Killearn,
lawful son of William second Earl of Montrose, and Lady Janet Keith, daughter of
William Earl Marischal of Scotland ; quarterly, first and fourth or, on a chief
sable , three escalops of the first for Graham ; second and third, argent, three roses,
gules, for the title of Montrose ; and, on a chief of the last, three pallets or, as
descended by the mother from Keith Earl Marischal ; crest, a falcon killing a stork,,
proper : motto, Memor esto. L. R. and Plate of Achievements^

OF THE CHIEF OR CHEI . 81

JAMES GRAHAM of Orchill, descended of Mungo Graham, another lawful younger
son of William second Earl of Montrosc, and Lady Janet Keith, daughter of
William Earl Marischal, quarterly, first and fourth or, a bo.-r's head couped gules,
on a chief sable, three escalops of the first ; second and third argent, three roses
gules ; crest, an eagle volant, proper : motto, Prosequor nil a. L. R.

JOHN GRAHAM, sometime Commissary Clerk of Dumblane, descended of a third
brother of a second son of the family of Montrose, argent, on a chief sable, three
escalops or; and, for a brotherly difference, a crescent of the third, surmounted of
a mullet of the second : motto, Prosequor alls. L. R.

Mr JAMES GRAHAM, Advocate and Solicitor to King James VII. a fourth son of
Patrick Graham of Inchbrakie, descended, as before said, of the eldest son of a.
second marriage of the first Earl of Montrose, carries or, three roses 2 and i gules,
and on a chief sable, as many escalops of the first ; crest, a hand issuing out of a
cloud, reaching to a garland, all proper : motto, Numen & omnia. L. R.

Sir WILLIAM GRAHAM of Braco, Baronet, descended of a second son of John first
Earl of Montrose, carries the quartered arms of the Earl of Montrose ; but, for his
difference, iru; rails the chief; crest, two hands issuing out of a cloud, in each a
sword, the right hand flourishing aloft, the left holding it in a defensive posture :
motto, Defendendo vinco. L. R.

Colonel HENRY GRAHAM, whose grandfather was William Graham of Killearn,
lawful brother-german to John Earl of Montrose, Viceroy and Commissioner to
the Kingdom of Scotland, from King James VI. carries the quartered arms of
Mcntrose, within a borclure quartered g ules and sable, supported by a falcon, pro-
per, on the dexter, and by a stork on the sinister; and for crest, a falcon, proper ;
with the motto, Prcedte metnor. L. R. *

ROBERT GRAHAM of Newark, sometime Provost of Dumfries, or, a bear's head
erased sable , and, on a chief of the same, three escalops of the first ; crest, a pelican's
head couped, proper. L. R.

GRAHAM of Garvock, descended of the family of Montrose, or, three piles gules,
issuing from a chief sable, charged with as many escalops of the first ; crest, a lion
rampant .f •«/;•.»•; motto, Noli me tangere. L. R.

DAVID GRAHAM of Meiklewood, descended of the family of Montrose, the pater-
nal coat of Graham ; but for his difference, he has the chief embattled ; crest, a star,
proper : motto, Auxiliante resurgo. N. R.

J OHX GRAHAM of Dougalston, or, a heron volant, proper, and on a chief sable,
three escalops of the first ; crest, an escalop as the former : motto, Pignut amoris.
N. R.

Mr JOHN MITCHELSON of Middleton, Advocate, argent, a demi-lion rampant
nalssant out of the base gules, armed and langued azure, and, on a chief indented
scihh', a star betwixt two crescents of the first ; on a wreath of the tinctures, for
crest, an increscent argent; with the motto, Crescam ut prosim, so illuminated in
Workman's Manuscript ; see Plate of Achievements. This family is of .a good
old standing in Mid-Lothian, being heritors of the lands of Mitchelston, Luggat,
and Blackhaugh, for some generations past, and were designed of Mitchelston, be-
fore they purchased the lands of Middleton, about an hundred and fifteen years
since, and have from that time been designed of Middleton ; of which family the
above Mr John Mitchelson is lineally descended, and representative.

The surname of SIMPSON, argent, on a chief vert, three crescents of the first, by
George Simpson of Udoch, who has for crest, a falcon volant, proper : motto, Alis
nut riot: N. R.

HOWISON, argent, a man's heart gules, on a chief azure, three flower-de-luces or.
P. MS.

The name of SQUARE, or, on a chief sable, two mullets argent. P. MS.

COUSLAND of that Ilk, argent, two mullets and a crescent in base sable, a chief
cheque of the same tinctures. P. MS.

I shall add here, for examples of a chief charged, some honourable families in
England, from Mr Dale, pursuivant, his Catalogue of the Nobility of England,
and from Jacob Imhoff 's Historia Regtim pariumque Magna Britannia.

RUSSEL Duke of BEDFORD, argent, a lion rampant gules, on a chief sable, three
escalops of the first ; thus by Imhoff, Russellorum Comitum Bedfordia tessera gen-

OF THE CHIEF OR CHEF.

tilitia k'one rulco constat, qui scutum argeiiteum iinplet cephalo nigro, cui tres conelar
argento tincta iiiscripta: sunt, aistincium. This noble family derives its descent from
an ancient family in Dorsetshire ; John Russel of Berwick, was advanced to the
title of peerage by Henry VIII. and, in the third year of the reign of Edward VI.
was created Earl of Bedford ; and in April 1694, his successor William Russel Earl
of Bedford, was created Marquis of Tavistock, and Duke of Bedford.

HENRY CLINTON Earl of LINCOLN, Baron Clinton and Say, dignified with the
title of Baron Clinton by writ of summons to Parliament the 6th of February
1298, the 27th of Edward 1. and with the title of earl the 4th of May 1572, I4th
of Elizabeth, as Dale, pursuivant, gives for his paternal bearing, argent, six cross
cmsletsfitcbe, 3, 2, and i sable, on a chief azure, two mulcts or, pierced g uie s :
But of late the crosses have been disused : Imhoff says, Digma Clintinorum gentiii-
tium sex cruciculas cruel at as ^ in imo spiculatas nigras nfert, impress as scuto /<;•-
genteo, cui cephalus est cierulcits, steliis sive rotulis calcaris duabis aureis fulgcns.
This author, because the English do not make a distinction betwixt stars and
mullets, says, steliis sive rotulis, for a mullet pierced, which is the rowel of a spur ;
and he makes use of the words rotula calcaris: But more of this afterwards under
the title mullet.

PAULET ST JOHN Earl of BOLINGBROKE, and Baron of St John of Bletsoe ; this
family was dignified with the honour of baron by Elizabeth 1558, and earl by
King James I. argent, on a chief gules, two mullets pierced or, as Mr Dale ; but
Imhoff, argent, a bend gules, and on a chief of the same, three stars or. Anno
1711, the title of the Earldom of Bolingbroke became extinct upon the decease of
Paulet St John, the last earl, without heirs of his body, and the barony of Bletsce
devolved upon Sir Andrew St John, who carries argent, on a chief gules, two mul-
lets pierced or.

LOVELACE Lord LOVELACE of Hurley was dignified with this title by Kin^
Charles I. 1627, gules, on a chief indented sable, three martlets argent.

Sir JOHN WAUCIIOPE of Niddry, chief of the name, and head of an ancient family
in Mid-Lothian, gives for arms, azure, two stars in chief, and in base a garb or ;
crest, a garb or : motto, Industria ditat. N. R.

They are said to have their surname from Wauchopdale, which they possessed
of old, in the reign of Alexander II. Alanus Wauchope got the lands of Coulter,
in the shire of Aberdeen, which were confirmed to him by that king, as Sir George
Mackenzie in his MS. Which lands went with a daughter of Sir Adam Wauchope's
to Cumin of Inneralachie, of whom is lineally descended Cumin of Coulter.
The heads of this family of Wauchope of Niddry, were hereditary bailies to Keith
Lords Marischal, and Marischal-Deputes in Mid-Lothian : From the Lords Maris-
rhal they had the lands of Niddry, designed Niddry-Marischal ; and therefore on
a tomb-stone in the chapel of Niddry, are engraven these words, This tomb was
bigged by Robert Waucbope of Niddry-Mariscbal, 1387.

Amongst the gentlemen of the inquest that served James Forrester heir to his
father James Forrester of Corstorphine 1547, is Gilbert Wauchope of Niddry-
Marischal, who married Margaret Douglas, daughter to Sir James Douglas of
Drumlanrig, grandfather to the first Earl of Cnieensberry ; and in the inquest of
serving Alexander Lord Home, heir to his father Lord George 1551, there is men-
tioned Cuthbert Wauchope of Niddry-Marischal. There is honourable mention
made of one Robert Wauchope of Niddry-Marischal, Doctor of the Sorbonne, and
Primate of Ireland, by Leslie, in the tenth book of his History, by Labeus a Jesuit,
in the I4th torn, of his Chronicle, and by John Cone a Scotsman, in his Book DC
Duplici Statu Religionis apud Scotos. Several sons of this family were very eminent
in military affair? , and in high posts abroad and at home.

JOHN WAUCHOPE of Edmonstone, a second son of Wauchope of Niddry, and
sometime one of the Senators of the College of Justice, his arms in the Lyon Re-
gister arc two coats impaled, viz. first, azure, two mullets in chief, and a garb in
base or, for Wauchope, differenced with a crescent in the collar point argent ;
second, or, a cross ingrailed sable ; having married Rait the heiress of Edmonstone ;
crest and motto as Niddry. L. R.

They of the name of WAUGH, by our old books of blazons, carry the same with
Wauchope, sometimes adding a fesse, as WAUGH of Glenboy in the parochin of

OF THE CHIEF OR CHEF.

Mcthie, in the sherificlom of Forfar. I have seen a charter of the lands of Glcnboy,
to Alexander Waugh, of the date lytt-J, and another to his son, Alexander Waugh,
of these lands 1(124, u'iiose daughter and heir Eupham VVaugli, v.us murried to
David Ogilvy son to John Ogilvy of Millhall.

KIKKALUY of Grange, gules, two stars in chief, and a crescent in base or; Esplin's
MS. As for the antiquity of the name, we find William Kirkaldy submittin;
Kdward 111. as in Prynne's History. Marjory Kirkaldy, daughter and heir to J'ltui
Kirkaldy, was married to Reginald Kinnaird, who got with lier hinds in the barony
of Inchture, as by a charter of King Robert III. 1399. Janics Kirkaldy of Grange

ne of the witnesses in the charters of King James V. to Alexander Forrester of
Corstorphinc. Sir John Kirkaldy of Grange, baronet, gules, a cheveron argent be-
tween three stars in chief, and a crescent in base or; crest, a man's head with the
face looking upwards, proper : motto, Fortissimo veritas. N. R.

The surname of INGLIS, azure, a lion rampant, and in chief three stars argent.

INGLIS of Manor carried the same, as did Inglis of Torbet, who quartered them
with the arms of Torbet or Tarvit of that Ilk ; argent, a cheveron between three
wolves' heads, couped sable, as in Sir James Balfour's Blazons.

In the 6th year of King Robert Ill.'s reign, William Inglis got from that king
the barony of Manor, for killing Thomas de Strut hers, an Englishman, as the
charter bears : " In remunerationem facti nobilis, viz. interfectionis Thorme de
" Struthers Anglici militis, quern super marchiis in duello interfecit."

John Inglis of Manor obtains a charter of confirmation of his lands of Manor,
to himself, and his son and heir Thomas Inglis, from his superior, Archibald Duke
of Touraine, Earl of Douglas ; and the three stars in chief, carried by the name of
Inglis, I take to be arms of patronage, and carried by that name, upon the account
that they were vassals to the Douglases. Thomas Inglis of Manor made an ex-
cambion of his lands of Brankesholm, Branshaugh, Goldylands, CMahitelaw, Quhit-
rig, Todshaw-hills, and Todshaw-wood, which he held of the Douglases, with Sir
Walter Scot of Murthouston, for the lands of Murthouston and Heartwood, lying
in the barony of Bothwell in the shire of Lanark ; as by the charter of excambion,
dated at Edinburgh the 23d of July 1446, in which he is designed, Nobilis vir
Thomas Inglis de Manners ; and afterwards he and his family in other writs were
designed, Domini de Murtboustoun, or Murdistoun.

JOHN INGLIS, portioner of Newtonlees, whose grandfather Cornelius Inglis was
lawful son of Murdistoun, azure, a lion rampant argent, on a chief ingrailed of the
second ; three stars of the first ; crest, a star invironed with clouds, proper : motto,
In tenebrls hicidior. N. R.

Sir JOHN INGLIS of Cramond, Baronet, azure, a lion salient argent, on a chief or,
three mullets of the field ; crest, a demi-lion rampant argent, holding in his dexter
paw a mullet or : motto, Mr* dominus frustra. N. R. As in the Plates of Achieve-
ments.

Mr JOHN INGLIS, Advocate, descended of Inglis of Manor ; azure, a lion ram-
pant argent, on a chief of the. last ; three stars of the first within a bordure gules ;
crest, a demi-lion as the former, issuing out of the wreath : motto, Recte faciendo
securus. N. R.

GREY Earl of KENT, chief of the ancient and illustrious House of Grey, so dig-
nified in the reign of Edward IV. from whom are descended and branched the
Barons of Rotherfield, Codnore, Wilton, Ruthine, Groby, and Rugemont, the Vis-
count of Lisle, the Earl of Stamford, the Marquis of Dorset, and the Duke of
Suffolk, all of that surname, derived from the Castle and honour of GREY (or Croy
as some write) in Picardy, their patrimony before the conquest, give for their
paternal bearing, barry of six, argent and azure, in chief three torteauxes gules ; as
Robert Dale, pursuivant, in his Catalogue of the Nobility of England. Henry
Earl of Kent 1 706, was created Marquis of Kent, Earl of Harold, and Viscount
Goodrich ; and afterwards in the year 1710, was advanced to the dignity of Duke
of Kent. In an old manuscript of arms, illustrated by the monks of Ely in the
reign of William the Conqueror, are the armorial bearings of his chief officers ;
amongst wrhom is Paganus de Grev, equitum signifier to King William ; his arms,
thus, face d' 'argent fc? tfazur, as Menestrier in his Origin of Armories, where he

84 OF THE BEND.

says, " That this Manuscript is in the English College of Benedictines at Douay ;"
for the antiquity of the family of Greys, see the Peerage of England.

EDWARD DEVEREUX, Viscount of HEREFORD, argent, a fesse gules, in chief three
torteauxes. This family has its surname from a town in Normandy, from whence
they came ; and was dignified with the title of Viscount of Hereford 1549, °.v
Edward VJ. and is the Premier-Viscount in England, as in the foresaid book.

CHAP. XIII. .

OF THE BEND.

THE bend, say the English, is made by t\vo lines drawn over-thwart the es-
cutcheon, from the dexter chief to the sinister base point, by an equal dis-
tance, containing the fifth part of the field, when not charged, and the third part
when charged : But others make no such . distinction, and tell us, that the bend
possesses the third middle part of the field diagonally, from the right chief angle,
to the leff. angle in base.

Menestrier says, " Bande est une piece honorable, qui occupe diagonalement
" le tiers de 1'ecu par le milieu de droit a gauche." Some bring bend or bands
from a barbarous Latin word, bandum, which signifies an ensign, made of a piece
of silk or stuff, more long than broad, which distinguished companies of men ; and
from whence we say bunds of soldiers ; but the bend is more generally taken, to
represent in arms the shoulder-belt, and is commonly Latined bulteus. Sylvester
Petra Sancta, in his 2pth chap. De Balteo Tesserario, says, " Balteum voco vittam
" eblique ab latere dextro exaratam, qure trientem coixtinens parmuhe nostrae tes-
" serariae, earn perinde ac militem balteus praecingit."

The old Latin Blazoners for a bend- said benda. The author of the book Le Tro-
phee (CArmes Heraldiques will have the bend to represent le baudrier, which Pea-
cham describes to be a sign of honour, called the baudrick, which knights used to
wear of old over their shoulder, and under the left arm, whereat hung the sword :
But Camden and Minshew will have the/m<? to be the knightly belt, or cingulum
honoris ; yet, with others, I think, the bend may represent that piece of honour as
well as the fesse, since some nations used the girding of the belt close about the
waist at their making of knights, and others, in the like ceremony, by putting it
loose over their shoulder, so that both bend and fesse may be latined balteus or bal-
teum, with a proper adjective annexed for distinction, such as obliquus or humeralis
balteus for a bend, and transversus or lumbaris balteus for the fesse.

What I have said before of die fesse cheque, the armorial figure of the Stewarts,
I shall not here repeat again, but give some examples of a bend of that form.

Fig. i. -Plate V. or,, a bend cheque, sable and argent, by the name of MONTEITH.
The first of this name was Walter, third son to Walter, and brother to Alexander
High Steward of Scotland, who being made Earl of Monteith, took the surname of
Monteith, whkh descended to all his posterity ; ,and, to show they were originally
of the stock pf the Stewarts, they turned the fesse cheque to a bend ; for, to change
a fesse to a bend, and a bend to a fesse, has been an ancient practice for differen-
cing descendants with us ; thus, LESUE of Balquhan turned his figure, the bend, to
a fesse, of which afterwards, and so of several other cadets.

Anno 1291, WALTER Earl of MONTEITH is one of the arbiters, or auditors, of the
competition for the crown, betwixt John Baliol Lord of Galloway, and Robert
Bruce Lord of Annandale. He had for wife, one of the daughters and co-heirs of
Walter Cumin Earl of Monteith, and, in her right, succeeded to the honours,
and a part of the estate. She bore to him two sons, the eldest Alexander, design-
ed, in his father's lifetime, in charters, Alexander de Monteith, filius Comitis de Mon-
teith ; the second son John, anno 1297, (Fadera, torn. 2. pug. 782.), is designed,
Johannes de Monteith, frater Comitis de Monteith. These two gentlemen were the
first that assumed the surname of Monteith ; and all of that name are supposed to
be descended from them. In anno 1296, Alexander Earl of Monteith is ranked,
by Prynne, with others, in that concussive bond commonly called Ragman's Roll,
extorted by Edward I. from the most considerable of the Scots nation, and desjgns

OF THE BEND. 3S

him, Alexander tie Monteitb. lie had three sons, Allan and Murdoch, successive-
ly Earls of Monteith, and the thud son, Alexander, wa.s the first of the family of
Monteith of Kuskie ; \vhich family was in use to carry quarterly, first and fourth
or, a bend cheque, sable and argent, for Monteith ; second and third azure, three
buckles or.

The MONTEITHS of Carss were in use to carry quarterly, first and fourth, Mon-
teith as before ; second and third or, a lymphad, or ship, with one mast sable, and,
in chief, three buckles azure, as in Sir James Balfour's Mami.script of Blazons.

Allan Earl of Monteith, before-mentioned, died without issue, and was succeed-
ed by his brother Murdoch, who left behind him a daughter, his heir, who wu
married to Sir John Graham in the year 1341.

yohannes de Graham Conies de Monteith, is frequently mentioned in charter-
He was taken prisoner in the battle of Durham, the 171!! of October 1346 ; and, by
order of Edward III. was barbarously murdered with Duncan, tenth and last Earl
of Fife. The wife or daughter of this John Graham Earl of Monteith, was mar-
ried to Robert Stewart, third son to King Robert II. who, in her right, was Earl
of Monteith, and thereafter Duke of ALBANY. She bore to him several children,
the eldest Murdoch Stewart, second Duke of Albany Earl of Monteith, who wa-.
executed and forfeited by King James I. Tiiat King gave the earldom of Mon-
teith, in lieu of the earldom of Strathern, to Malise Graham, of whom before

But to return to the bend.

Fig. 2. Plate V. azure, a bend argent ; by some Books, argent, a bend azure, by
the name of BISSET. There was an ancient family of that surname with us in the
reign of King Alexander II. : One Walter Bisset is. a witness in a charter, by that
King, to the abbacy of Paisley ; and again I find him a witness, with William
Bisset, in another charter of that King's to the abbacy of Dunfermline ; and, by
the chartulary of Melrose, Walter Bisset, in the year 1233, married a daughter of
Rowland Earl of Galloway.

In the year 1258, Sir John Bisset of Lovat mortifies an annuity out of his lands
to the Bishop of Murray. He died without heirs of his own body, leaving his es-
tate to his three daughters ; the eldest married to David Graham, thereafter de-
M^ned of Lovat, as in an agreement betwixt him and the Bishop of Murray, con-
cerning the fishing of the water of Torn ; the second daughter was married to Sir
William Fenton of Beaufort ; and the third to Sir Andrew de Bosco. In the year
1291, amongst the Barons convened at Berwick, at the desire of Edward I. as ar-
bitrators between the competitors for the crown of Scotland, is William Bisset, on
uhose seal of arms there is a shield charged with a bend, and over it a label of
three points. His grand-child, Thomas Bisset, by marrying Isabel M'Duff, eldest
daughter and heiress of Duncan Earl of Fife, was Earl of Fife four years, and died
without issue, in the reign of David II.

BISSET Lord Beaufort, carried azure, a bend argent, as Workman in his Manu-
sctipt. Sir James Balfour, says in his Blazons, azure, a bend sinister argent ; and
that BISSET of that Ilk carried argent, a bend g ule s.

Fig. 3. Plate V. arjjii', a bend ingrailed g ules, by the ancient name of COLE-
PEPER in England. Sir THOMAS COLEPEPER of Bedgebury, was governor of one of
the Cinque-ports in the reign of Edward II. whose arms were argent, a bend in-
grailed gules ; of which the famous Drayton, in the Barons' wars, in the reign of
Edward II. enumerating the arms of the noted families of each side, says

" And Colepeper, with silver arms inrail'd,
" Bare thereupon a bloody bend ingrail'd."

Sir JOHN* COLEPEPER, a branch of the family of Bedgebury, was a knight of the
•>hire ot Kent in the Parliament which met in the year 1641. He was a man of
perfect loyalty and great ability, as appears by all the accounts of these times, be-
ing one of the first, that, on the irruption of the civil wars, stood up for the King;
, utter twenty years service to the crown, and twelve years exile with King
Charles II. he returned with his said Majesty into England, and died Master of the
Rolls, in July 1660. The supporters to the arms of this Lord, granted by Sir Ed-
Vv'alker Gaiter, principal King of Anns, are two dragons argent, each of

86 OF THE BEND.

them collared with a ducal coronet. He was created Lord Colepeper by letters pa-
tent, the 2 ist of October 1644, from whom is John, now Lord Colepeper. For
other examples of carrying a bend, by honourable families in Britain, they are to
be found in the end of this chapter ; and, to follow my former method, I shall add
here an example or two of a bend charged with figures, for which we say on a bend ;
and I observe it has been a custom anciently to charge the bend, rather than to
accompany it with figures.

Fig. 4. Plate V. the ancient surname of LESLIE gives argent, on a bend azure,
three buckles or.

The first of this name is said to be one Bartholomew, son of Walter de Leshlin,
from a castle so called in Hungary where he was born, and a near friend to Marga-
ret, Queen to Malcolm Canmore, who came to Scotland with her, and got several
lands there, as in a fragment of history, of a Norwegian, in the Lawyers' Library.
In Sir Robert Sibbald's History of Fife, Andrew Leslie, the sixth in descent trom
the above Bartholomew, married one of the co-heiresses of Abernethy about the
year 1317, on which account they have since quartered the coat of Abernethy with
their own ; and the fourth in descent from the above Andrew, was Normand Les-
lie, first of ROTHES, great-grandfather of George Leslie, son of Normand Leslie, and
Christian Seaton, daughter to William Lord Seaton, which George was served heir
to his father Normand, 1439, anc^ married Christian Halyburton. In a perambu-
lation, anno 1457, of Easter and Wester Kinghorns, he is designed Lord Leslie, and
was created Earl of Rothes by King James II. anno 1457. Jonn the seventh Earl,
lineally descended from George the first Earl, was created Dake of Rothes, for his
lifetime, by King Charles II. in the year 1680 : He died 1681, and left issue by
his lady, Anne Lindsay, daughter to the Earl of Crawford, two daughters ; Mar-
garet Countess of Rothes, married to Charles Earl of Haddington, whose eldest son,
John, takes upon him the name and arms of Leslie, and is the eighth Earl of Rothes,
and married Lady Jean Hay, daughter to the Marquis of Tweeddale. His Lord-
ship's achievement, as in the Copperplate, with others of the nobility, is quarter-
ly, first and fourth argent, on a bend azure, three buckles or, for Leslie ; second
and third or, a lion rampant gules, bruised with a ribbon sable, for Abernethy ;
which are adorned with crown, helmet, and volets, befitting his quality ; and, is-
•iiiing out of a wreath of the tinctures, for crest, a demi-griffin ; supporters, two
griffins, proper : motto, Grip fast.

[The blazons of other families of the name of LESLIE, 'with those of other surnames who
carry bends, are to be found at the end of this chapter, and, therefore, I proceed here
to treat of the bend under its various forms. ~[

Fig. 5. or, on a bend azure, a star betwixt two crescents of the first, by the sur-
name of SCOT. As for its antiquity, amongst the .witnesses in a charter of King
David I. to the abbacy of Selkirk, there are Uchtred Jilius Scott, and Ranulphus An-
glus, who may have been the first of the surname of Scott and Inglis. — see Sir
James Dalrymple's Collections.

The eldest family of the name of Scott was that of Balwyrie, as Sir George Mac-
kenzie, in his Science of Heraldry, and MS. of Genealogies, tells us ; and that one
Walter Scott, a son of that family, married the only daughter and heiress of Mur-
diston of that Ilk, in the reign of Robert the Bruce ; who, though he retained
the surname of Scott, yet he laid aside his paternal arms, vix. argent, three lions'
heads erased gules, and carried those of Murdiston, or, on a bend azure, a star
betwixt two crescents of the first.

WALTER SCOTT, his grand or great-grandson, designed of Murdiston, excam-
bed these lands, with Thomas Inglis of Manor, for other lands, as I mentioned
before. Sir Walter Scott got several lands from King James II. for killing Archi-
bald Douglas Earl of Murray, and apprehending Hugh Douglas Earl of Ormond,
the King's enemies ; his son and successor Walter Scott, designed of Kirkurd, for
his special services against the Douglases, the King's enemies, got from King James
III. at Edinburgh, the 7th of December 1463, a new charter to himself and to
David Scott, his son and apparent heir, erecting the lands of Branksholm into a
tree barony, with several other lands : " Pro fideli &. laudabili servitio progenito

OF THE BEND. <,;

" nostro £- nobis, per dilectum militem Walterum Scott de Kirkurd &• Davidem
" Scott, filium ejus &- haeredem appurentem, in rebellione Jacobi de Dougl;i
" fratrum suorum, invasione & expulsione, multipliciter impemo." This fumih
rose by the fall of the Douglases.

The above DAVID SCOTT, son and heir of Walter, was designed Baron of Branks-
holm ; and from him was lineally descended, by four generations, Sir Walter Scott
of Branksholm, who was advanced to the dignity of a Lord in Parliament by tin-
title of Lord BUCCLEUGH, whose son, Walter Lord Buccleugh, was solemnly created
Earl of Buccleugh at Holyroodhouse, the 3Oth of March 1619, by Alexander Sea-
ton Earl of Dunfermline, Commissioner to his Majesty King James VI. He mar-
ried a daughter of Francis Earl of Errol, who- bore to him Francis second Earl of
Buccleugh. He married Margaret Leslie, daughter to John Earl of Rothcs, and
widow of the Lord Balgonie, who bore to him two daughters ; Margaret, married
to Walter Scott of Haychester, who was made Earl of Tarras for life, but she died
without issue ; the second daughter, Anne, was created Dutchess of Buccleugh by
King Charles II. and married to that King's natural son, James Duke of Mon-
mouth, to whom she had two sons, James Earl of Dalkeith, who died 1705, left
issue by Henrietta his wife, daughter of Laurence Earl of Rochester, Francis, now
Lord Dalkeith, and other two sons and two daughters ; her Grace's second son,
Lord Henry Scott, was, in the year 1706, created Earl of Deloraine, Viscount
Hermitage, and Lord Scott of Goklilands, all in the county of Roxburgh, she mar-
ried a second husband, Charles Lord Cornwallis, and to him has a daughter, Lady
Isabella. Her Grace's achie\-ement is, or, on a bend azure, a star betwixt two
crescents of the first ; crest, a stag passant proper, armed and unguled or ; sup-
porters, two women, richly attired, in an antick habit, with their hair hanging
down over their shoulders ; and, for motto, the word, Amo.

The bend, is not only subject to all the accidental forms of lines, which com-
pose it, but to be voided. Voided is not only said of the honourable ordinaries when
so, but of other figures natural and artificial ; that is, when the middle of the fi-
gure is cut out, as fig. 6. ermine, a bend gules voided of the field, by the name of
HACK.ET in England, as in Holmes's Academy of Arms.

Fig. 7. Plate V. argent, a bend sable voided of the field wavey, by the name of
WIGMUR of Wigmur, as in Workman's Manuscript of Blazons. This last example
would be blazoned by some, argent, a bend sable, charged with another waved of
the field ; because the term wavey being an accidental form of the ordinaries, can-
not be properly attributed to the field ; wherefore they say, that the bend sable is
charged with a bend argent wavey, because of the accidental form. For if it had
been voided with plain lines, it would have been blazoned properly, a bend voided
of the field.

WILLIAM BOHUN Earl of NORTHAMPTON, Knight of the Garter in the reign of
King Edward 111. had on his seal of. arms, as a Knight of the Garter, argent, on a
bend.fKfar, voided of the field betwixt six lioncels azure, three stars sable; a-,
Ashmole, in his Institution of the Garter, page 708. ; and, in the same book, page
714. he gives us the arms of Sir ANTHONY BROWK, Knight of the Garter, in the
reign of King Henry VIII. sable on a bend argent, voided of the field, three lions
of the second, as fig. 8. : But some would blazon this last bearing, sable, three
lions in bend between two bendlets argent.

Having treated of a bend under accidental forms, and a bend charged, or, as wt-
say, in short, on a bend, I proceed to give examples of a bend cotoyed, or accom-
panied, that is, when figures are placed in the field at the sides of the bend, and
then we say with the English, a bend between such figures, for which the French
say, accornpagne ; but when the figures are placed diagonally after the position of the
bend, they say cotoye, and when figures are erected, we say betwixt or accom-
panied.

Fig. 9. Plute V. sable, a bend accompanied with six billets or, by the name of
CALLENDER, an ancient family with us, which ended in an heiress, \vho was mar
ried to William Livingston, a son of Livingston of Weems in Fife ; of whom
were descended the Livingstons Earls of Linlithgow, who quarter those arms of
Callender, in the second and third places, with the arms of Livingston in the :'
and fourth, — of whom afterwards..

88 OF THE BEND.

JOHN CALI.ENDER of Kincardine, descended of Callender of Mayners, sable, -A
bend cheque, or and gules, betwixt six billets of the second; crest, a hand holding
11 billet or ; with the motto, I mean well. N. R.

The ancient Earls of Marr carried azure, a bend betwixt six cross croslets fitched
or ; which was afterwards quartered by other families honoured with the title of
Earls of Marr : But more examples of the bend, accompanied with figures, to-
wards the end of this chapter.

A bend is said to surmount, when it lies over other ordinaries or other figures,
keeping its just length and breadth ; but by the French it is said to be brochante.

SPENCE of Wormiston, an ancient family with us, said to be descended of the
old Earls of Fife, has been in use to carry the lion of M'DufF, Earls of Fife, with
an addition thus : fig. 10. or, a lion rampant gules, surmounted with a bend sable,
charged with a buckle, between two mascles argent, as in Mr Font's Manuscript of
Blazons. Sir James Spence of Wormiston was Ambassador for King James I. of
Great Britain to the King of Sweden, to effectuate a peace betwixt that King and
the King of Denmark.

The bend, as is said, is subject to all the accidental forms, as to be ingrailed, in-
vected, waved, nebule, and counter-embattled, to be couped and counter-changed, to
be parted of divers tinctures, and carried quarterly : Of which accidental forms I
have given already several instances ; and the like will occur again in this Treatise,
in other figures which I am to speak to in all their various forms, according to the
practice of Great Britain.

In Germany, sometimes the ordinaries, or proper figures, are put under very odd
fantastical forms, with which I forbear to fatigue my reader, and to swell my book
beyond its designed bulk, but refer the curious to the Wapen Book of Germany,
to Sylvester Petra Sancta, the Italian, and others ; and shall proceed now to the
diminutives of the bend, and the multiplication of them in one field, with their va-
rious blazons, by a few examples, to show their general practice and use with us.

The first diminutive of the bend is called a bendlet, wrhich possesseth in breadth
fhe sixth part of the field diagonally. The French call it a bend en divine ; as Me-
nestrier, in his blazon of the arms of Toure in France, d1 argent, a une bande en de-
mise d'azur, enfilee dans trois couronnes due ales d'or ; i. e. argent, a bendiet azure,
invironed with three ducal crowns or, fig. n. Plate V.

The bendlet, says Feme in his Lacies' Nobility, page 102. does represent a scarf
which soldiers wore over their shoulder, from one side to the other under the arm.
When there is but one in a field of arms, it is blazoned, by inadvertent heralds, a
bend, and that is the reason, says he, we do rarely meet with a bctullet mentioned
in a blazon. In Sir James Balfour's Blazons I have frequently met with a bendlet
mentioned, as in the arms of the surname of LANTON, azure, an eagle with two
heads displayed or, surmounted of a bendlet sable ; and in the blazon of the arnv;
• the name of PORTERFIELD, in Sir George Mackenzie's Science of Heraldry, or, a
bendlet betwixt a stag's head erased in chief, and a hunting-horn in base sable, gar-
nished gules ; so recorded in the Lyon Register for the arms of ALEXANDER POKTER-
fiELD of that Ilk ; and for his crest, a branch of palm : with the motto, Sub po'.-dew
sursum.

I find no instance of a single bendlet carried in any arms of England except this,
given us by Guillim, in his Display of Heraldry, fig. 12. Plate V. and the same by
Handle Holmes, in his Academy of Armories. And though they give us the figure
of a bendlet, yet they do not tell us by whom it is carried, because they suppose
that u bendlet is not carried singly ; for, says Holmes, if the field contains more
than one bend, then they are not called bends, but bendlcts : Notwithstanding of
which, Ashmole, in his Institutions of the Order of the Garter, gives us a bendlet
in the arms of Sir EDWARD POXNINGS, Knight, and one of the most honourable Or-
der of the Garter, in the reign c» King Henry VII. barry of six, or and vert, sur-
mounted of a bendlet gules.

Sandford, in his Genealogical History, gives us the arms of HENRY of LANCASTER,
Lord MONMOUTH, second son of Edmond Earl of Lancaster, second son of Henry 111.
of England, thus : gules, three leopards or, surmounted of a bendlet azure, as upon
his seals, tombs, and other pieces given us by this author ; who tells us, when he
became Earl of Lancaster, by succeeding to his elder brother Thomas, in the reigr*

OF THE BEND.

Edward II. lie disused the bendlet, and carried, as his father and brother, over
the leopards, a label of three points azure, each charged with three flower-dc-li:
'//• ; and this is one of the ancientest instances, of carrying a bendlet as a mark of
cadency in England.

I shall add another instance of a bendlet, from Olivarius Uredus de Sigillis Comi-
tiim 11 aiidria:, in the arms of GUIDO, second son of William Lord Dampetra, and
his lady, Margaret Countess of Flanders, who carried the arms of Dampetra, •
leopards, bruised with a bendlet for difference, in the year 1251, which he also laid
aside when he succeeded his elder brother William. So much then for a bendlet,
by some English heralds called a garticr or g arter ; which is a bearing, sujs Mi-
Holmes, of much esteem with us in England, from that renowned order of Knight-
hood : Notwithstanding of which, in all liis numerous Collections of Blazons, he
gives us not one where either the bendlet or garter is mentioned.

The other sub-division of the bend is called a cost, which contained! in breadth
the halt of the bendlet. When it is borne alone, it is always called a cost, say the
English, but if by couples, then they are called cottises. The diminutive of the
cost is called a ribbon, and doth contain the eighth part of the breadth of the bend ;
the name agrees well with the form and quantity of the same, in that it is long and
narrow, which is the right shape of a ribbon. Such an one is carried in the arms
of ABERNETHY, or, a lion rampant gules, surmounted with a ribbon sable, quarter-
ed in the bearings of several of our nobility, — of which before.

The French have diminutives of the bend, but bend en devise, i. e. the bendlet,
baston, and cottise, which two last contain in breadth the third of the bend, as in
the arms of the Duke of ORLEANS of old, azure, seme of flower-de-luces or, a cottise
argent, fig. 13. Favin calls it -a. fillet. The baston (or batton) differs from a cottise
thus ; when in arms, it is always a brisure, that is a mark of cadency ; if not, then
a cottise ; as Menestrier : Cottise tst une bande diminuee, des deux tiers, quand elle est
pour brisure, ou le nomine baston, autrement elle est cottise, to distinguish better the
batton from the cottise : All nations make the batton coupe, that is, when its ex-
tremities do not touch the dexter chief and sinister base points of the shield.
The baton is made now very short by the French, who call it baton peri, and is
always a brisure, frequently made use of by the younger sons of France, of which
I have treated in my marks of cadency, and shall do so again in this treatise.

Cottise comes from cost, and it from the Latin word cost a, a rib; but cottises are
seldom or never carried, unless when a bend is betwixt two or more of them ; and
when placed at the sides of the bend, they either immediately touch it, or are
placed at a distance from it, with the field appearing between them, as fig. 14.
Plate V. or, a bend -vair betwixt two cottises azure. When they touch the sides
ot the bend, then it is said to be cottised ; and when the field and bend are both of
colour or metal together, then the cottises are contrary of metal or colour ; and so
placed closs to the bend, that colour touch not colour, nor metal metal ; as fig. 15.
the arms of RUFFOLI in Florence, given us by Sylvester Petra Sancta, azure, a
bend gules, cottised or. Here the cottises are of metal, to interpose betwixt the
bendgutes, and the lield azure; to preserve the general rule in heraldry, that metal
touch not, nor lie upon metal ; nor colour upon colour ; and for proof of this nice
preservation, I shall add our author's words, who latins cottises, laciniolte, or fim-
britr: " Et si tainen raro baltei ex uno colore astringunt alterius coloris parnvilu,
' symbolicas, uti puniceas balteus in sapharini coloris alveolo, quando id contingit,
' tamen ne color sit supra colorem, lacmiolis, tune, ex mctallo, iidem baltei colorati
' muniuntur." In this case the bend is necessarily cottised and fimbrated as
the cross ; of which afterward .

I have seen the arms of Doctor JOHN TIIXOTSON, Archbishop of Canterbury,
on the frontispiece of his works, impaled with those of his episcopal see, his pater-
nal coat, being azure, a b-^nd of the same, cottised argent between two garbs of
the last. If the cottises had not been too small, the blazon might have been tuurc,
a bend argent, voided of the field.

I have not found a bend so necessarily cottised with us, as that of Ruffoli
above. As for that of Whiteford's, given us by Sir George Mackenzie, of a bend
cottised, where there is no necessity for it (because the bend is of colour upon
metal, viz. argent, a bend cottised sabk, betwixt two garbs gules} it would have

9o OF THE BEND.

been more heraldriack, if the bend had been betwixt two cottises, the field apr
ing betuixt them and the bend, than to join the cotttises close to the benu
the same blazon is given to the arms of Colonel WALTER WIUTEFORD, in the Lyon
Register. But it may be imputed to a mistake in the engraver, or in the bla;/.
in not distinguishing a bend betwixt cottises, from a bend cottised.

As for the antiquity of the surname of Whiteford, we find one Walter White-
ford, for his good services at the battle of Largs, against the Norwegians, in the
year 1263, to have got some lands in Renfrew, from Walter Lord High Steward
of Scotland, which he called after his own name ; from him rose the family of
WHITEFORD of that Ilk, and from it Whiteford of Milton, and Whiteford of Bal-
quhan, who has but one garb accompanying the bend.

When the cottises touch not the sides of the bend, the field appearing between
them and the bend, as the endorses stand with the pale, of which before, then the
bend is blazoned, between two cottises ; for examples, I shall mention these.

HUMPHRY DE BOHUN Earl of HEREFORD, who married Elizabeth, daughter to
Edward I. of England, carried, as Sandford gives us, azure, a bend argent, between
two cottises, and six lions rampant or. This family ended in two heirs-female, the
eldest, Eleanor, was married to Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester ; and,
the other, Mary de Bohun, was wife to Henry of Bolingbroke Earl of Derby ; and
in her right, was created Duke of Hereford, and afterwards became King of Eng-
land, by the name of Henry IV.

These cottises we are speaking of are subject to accidental forms, as well as the
bend, of which I shall give one instance, as fig. 16. the arms of the surname of
HONYMAN, with us, argent, three bendlets, each of them between two cottises in-
grailed, on the outer side gules.

When the field contains more than one bend, then they are not called bends,
but bendlets; though all partitions of fields that way, are termed bendy, if there be
never so many pieces of them.

Fig. 17. Plate V. Argent, three bendlets sable, by the name of SANDERSON, as
in Font's Manuscript, though others make them gules.

In England the name of TRACY, or, two bendlets gules ; and there also the name
BRANTWART, or, two bendlets ingrailed sable ; the bendlets are subject to all the
abovementioned accidental forms, as well as the bend.

As for example, the bearing of BYRON Lord BYRON of Rochdale, by letters
patent, the 4th of October 1643, given us by the English heralds, and blazoned thus ;
argent, three bendlets enhanced gules; the term enhanced, I never met with before
in any blazon, neither do I apprehend the import of it. The three bendlets are
on the sinister side of the shield, which may be more distinctly blazoned — parted
per bend dexter: First, bendy of six pieces, gules and argent; second, of the last,
as Jacob Imhoff, in his Blazonia Regum Pariumque Magnte Britannia, " Insignia
" Byronorum scuto constant oblique dextrorsum secto, cujus superior (regio fasciis
" transversis rubeis argenteisque distincta est, inferior tota candet :" Here this
author, for bends, or bendlets, has fasciis transversis.

When the field is filled with such pieces, and of an even number, alternately of
metal and colour, heralds say then bendy of so many pieces, as in the Blazon of
the arms of BURGUNDY ANCIENT, fig. 18. Plate V. bendy of six, or and azure: The
French, bande d'or et d'azur, and the Latins, as Chiffletius, blazon these arms
thus, scutum sexies, auro y cyano oblique dextrorsus fatiscatum; so that we say
bendy, as before we said paly, barry of eight, ten, or twelve pieces. If they be of
the number twelve or more, they say then twelve pieces, bend-ways ; and the
French would say, instead of bande, cottise ; as in the Blazon of the Arms of
ANOIS in France, cottise d1 argent, y d'azur de dix pieces, i. e. bendy of ten pieces,
argent and azure.

As I said before of the pales and fesses, when opposite to one another in metal
and colour, the same is said of bendy and cottise, according to their number, as
fig. 19. Plate V. The arms of GONTIN in France, given us by Monsieur Baron,
contre-bande de sable & d 'argent, de quatorze pieces, i. e. fourteen pieces bend-
ways, counter-changed per bend sinister, sable and argent. Sylvester Petra Sancta,
speaking of such another bearing, says, " Si exiliores baltei reciprocant jubar
" coloris ac metalli, ut baltei sex semi-argentei ac semi-punicei in uno atque

OF THE BEND. 9t

" eodem contextu arc* symbolical, qiuc cst tessera gentiKtia DAMUGLIAK F.VMILIAE
" cum Venetiis," which \vi;h us would be blazoned, bendy of six, argent and
azure, counter-changed per bend sinister, and by the French, contre-bande if argent
\3 d'azur de douze pieces.

When bendlets are placed two and two together, they are with us called bendlets
gemels, as before of the bars gemels, and by the French, jumclles* the Latins
gernini.

Having treated of the bend in all its common variations, and as we blazon a
bend, on a bend, or bend charged, bend between, or accompagne, or aAoye of figure*.,
bend cottised, bendlets and cottises, it follows now to treat of figures, natural and
artificial, which are situate after the position of the benu, for which we say /'// bend,
and bend-ways, as of the former ordinaries. The first respects the situation of
small figures, the one above the other in bend ; and the .second respects the
position of an oblong figure, after that of the bend ; for an example of the first,
fig. 20. Plate V. argent, three martlets in bend between two cottises sable, carried
by the name of NORVILLE, as in Font's MS. Some of this name carry sable, on a
bend between two cottises or, three martlets of the first, by NORVILLE of Boghall,
and for crest, a martlet rising, proper : motto, Spem renovant alee. N. R.

Sable, three lions passant in bend, between two double cottises argent, borne by
BROWN Viscount MONTAGUE ; which family was dignified with the title of Vis-
count, by Philip and Mary of England, in the year 1554.

As for example of an oblong figure, placed bend-ways, I shall add the arms of
the surname of SYMINGTON, with us.

Fig. 21. Plate V. Gules, a two handed sword bend- ways between two mullets or,
as in Mr Font's MS. and in Esplin the same, but with one star in chief.

I proceed now to give blazons of families with us, and in England, with all
the variations of the bend that I have treated of : And first of examples of a
bend.

BIZZET, or BISSET of that Ilk, of old, azure, a bend argent : As in Sir James
Balfour's MS.

This surname is said to be old with us, being in the reign of Malcolm III. as.
Hector Boece, in his History. In a charter of King Alexander III. to the abbacy
of Paisley, Walter Bisset is a witness ; and he again with William Bisset are wit-
nesses in another charter of that king's to the abbacy of Dunfermline. In the
reign of King Alexander III. Sir John Bisset of Lovat, mortifies an annuity out of
his lands to the Bishop of Murray ; he died without heirs-male, and left his estate
to his three daughters, the eldest was marrid to David de Graham, afterwards de-
signed of Lovat, as in an agreement betwixt him and the Bishop of Murray, re-
lating to the fishing in the water of Torn ; the second daughter was married to
Sir William Fenton of Beaufort ; and the third to Sir Andrew de Bosco, (Had.
Coll.) in anno 1292. Amongst the barons convened at Berwick, upon the desire
of King Edward of England, he was chosen arbitrator between the competitors
for the crown of Scotland ; there is one William de Bisset (says Sir George Mac-
kenzie in his Manuscript) upon whose seal the bend is surmounted with a label
of five points.

In our old books of blazons, BISS*ET of Beaufort carried azure, a bend argent, as
in W. MS. and in B. MS. azure, a bend sinister argent.

BISSET of Fairnyflcet, and BISSET of Lessendrum, carried of old, azure on a
bend argent, three mullets gules, for difference : But now BISSET of Lessendrum,
as chief, carries the plain coat, viz. azure, a bend argent, as matriculated in the
Lyon-Oftice. And there WILLIAM BISSET, Merchant in Aberdeen, azure, on a
bend argent, three mullets gules.

These of the name of BISSET in England, as I have observed, carry for arms,
azure, seme of besants or.

The surname of VASS, or VAUSS with us, argent, a bend gules : This surname,
says Sir James Dalrymple in his Collections, is the same with the name De Valli-
bus, in the charters of Malcolm IV. James and Alexander de Vallibus were lairds
of Dirleton, in the reigns of Alexanders II. and III. of them were descended VASS
Lord DIRLETON, who carried the foresaid aims, which were quartered afterwards.

9.2 OF THE BEND.

upon account of a maternal descent, by Halyburton Lord Dirleton, and after that
by Hepburn Earl of Bothwell.

VANS of Barnbaroch, argent, on a bend gules, a star or. This family lived in
the shire of Wigton. P. MS.

FENTON of that Hk, gules, a bend ingrailed argent. In the reign of Alex-
ander III. lived Sir William Fenton Lord Beaufort, who was one of the auditors,
at Berwick, of the claims of the Bruce and Baliol ; and on his seal of arms, used
on that occasion, there was a shield charged 'with a bend ingrailed, and a mullet
in chief. It was he, or his son Sir William, that married Cecilia Bisset, one of
the co-heiresses of Sir William Bisset of Lovat, whose successors were known by
the title of Lord FENTON ; in tbe registers, there is a contract betwixt two mighty
lords, William Fenton, Lord of Fenton, and Hutcheon Fraser, Lord Lovat, and his
wife Janet Fenton, daughter to the said Lord William, the i6th September 1430.
This family ended in an heiress, who was married to WHITELAW of that Ilk.

FENTON of Baiky, argent, three crescents gules. William Fenton Lord Baiky
is so designed in a perambulation with Alexander Ogilvie, sheriff of Angus 1410 :
And in a contract betwixt Thomas Dunbar Earl of Murray, and Henry Fraser
Lord Lovat, the Earl gives to the Lord Lovat the barony of Abertauch, with the
ward and relief of William Fenton Lord Baiky. Haddington's Collections from
the Registers.

FENTON of Ogile, FENTON of Garden, and FENTON of Kelly, were cadets of
Fenton of Baiky, as by their arms in our old registers, being argent, three crescents

SANDILANDS Lord TORPHICHEN, quarterly, i and 4, parted perfesse, azure and or;
on the first, an imperial crown, proper ; and on the second, a thistle vert, as a
coat of augmentation ; 2 and 3, grand quarter, quarterly i and 4, argent, a bend
azure, the paternal bearing of the name of Sandilands ; 2 and 3, the arms of
Douglas as arms of patronage, as some will, viz. argent, a man's heart ensigned
with an imperial crown, proper ; and, on a chief azure, three stars of the first.
Which shield of arms is supported by two savages, wreathed about the head and
middle with laurel, holding in their hands battons, all proper ; and for crest, an
eagle displayed or ; with the motto, Spero meliora; as in the Plate of Achievements
of the Nobility.

The name of SANDILANDS is very ancient with us, being barons of Sandilands
and of Wiston in the Upper Ward of Clydesdale. Sir James Sandilands, Baron of
Sandilands and Wiston, in the reign of King DAVID BRUCE, married Eleanora
Bruce, the only daughter of Alexander Bruce Earl of Carrick, son to Edwaid
Bruce King of Ireland, brother-german to Robert Bruce King of Scotland ; and
uterine sister to William Earl of Douglas, who, upon account of that marriage,
gave to the said Sir James Sandilands the barony of West-Calder, called Calder
Comitis. Sir James Sandilands of Calder married Jean, second daughter to King
Robert II. and his first wife Elizabeth Mure, relict of Sir John Lyon of Glammis
and Kinghorn, Chancellor of Scotland, for which there is a charter (in Rotulis Ro-
berti II. J of the lands of Slamannan, and others, " Jacobo Sandilands militi &• haere-
" dibus inter ipsum &- Joannam filiam nostram procreandis quam Deo duce duxit
" in uxorem." Sir Alexander Sandilands of Calder, gave a charter of the lands of
Meikle-Harwood, and Little-Harwood, in the barony of Calder, to his eldest son
and apparent heir Sir James Sandilands, and to his wife Margaret in liferent, in
the year 1466 ; to which Sir Alexander's seal of arms was appended, having a
shield coiiche, with two coats quarterly first and fourth, a bend for Sandilands
second and third, a man's heart, and on chief three stars for Douglas : Which
shield is timbrcd with a helmet, and thereupon for crest, the head and neck of
a horse, and having only one supporter on the left, viz. a lady holding the helmet
and crest, which I did see in the custody of Mr Crawfurd, Author of the Peerage,
where there is a more particular account of this noble family, whose successors
have been barons of very great respect in the kingdom, and many goo'd families
of that name have been descended of them, as Sir James Sandilands Lord of St
John, Great Prior of the Knights of Rhodes in the Kingdom of Scotland, and
others. I have seen a charter amongst our archives in the Parliament House,
granted by James Lord St John, Preceptor of Torphichen, Knight of the Order of

OF THE BEND:

Jerusalem, to Gavin Dundas of Brestmill, of all and haill the lands of Brcstmill
und the haul thidagc of the barony of Auldliston, in the sherifl'dom of Linlithgow,
dated at Edinburgh, the last of February 1538. The seal thereto appended had
the impression of a man in complete, armour, holding in his left hand a cr«
standing on a pedestal, whereon was a shield of arms, quarterly first and fourth
bend for Sandilands, second and third Douglas. This Sir James Lord St John, in
the year 1559, was sent ambassador by the Parliament of Scotland to the Kins:
France, and to Francis and Mary of Scotland, Dauphins of Vienne : This Sir
James became protestant, was created Lord Torphichen by Queen Mary 1563,
und allowed to have alTthe dignities and privileges belonging to the Lord St John .
and, after that, he quartered another coat, which some call the arm.-> of the Lord
St John, which, as 1 have shown, was not on the seal of arms of James Lord S:
John, so th..t I take it for a coat of concession, by way of augmentation, being the
imperial crown and thistle, quartered in the first and fourth places, as above. Sir
James Lord Torphichen, for want of heirs-male of his body, his fortune and
honours came to his chief the Baron of Calder, his cousin, whose successors enjoy
the same with the above achievement, sometimes supported with lions.

Sir JAMES SANDILANDS of St Monans, descended of the family of Torphichen,
was created by King Charles I. in consideration of his good services, Lord ABER-
CR.OMBY, by letters patent, bearing date the i2th of December 1647. He had a
son by his lady, Anne Carnegie, daughter of David Earl of Southesk ; which son,
James, dying without succession, that dignity became extinct : They carried two
coats quarterly, first and fourth urgent, a bend azure for Sandilands, second and
third, the arms of Douglas, as before.

WILLIAM SANDILANDS of Comiston, as second son of the Lord Torphichen, car-
ried as the Lord Torphichen (except the supporters) with a crescent for a brother-
ly difference, as in the Lyon Register. And there also are these three following
blazons :

Mr JAMES SANDILANDS of Craibston, quarterly, first and fourth argent, a bend
counter-embattled azure, the paternal coat of Sandilands, differenced from the
chief bearing ; second and third argent, a man's heart gules, and, on a chief azure,
three mullets of the field for Douglas ; crest, a star issuing out of a crescent argent ;
with the motto, Jitsti ut sidera fulgent.

WALTER SANDILANDS of Hilderston, a second son of Torphichen, quarterly,
first argent, on a chief azure, an imperial crown or, crowning a thistle in base vert,
rlowered gules; second, quarterly, first and fourth argent, a bend azure, second and
third argent, a heart gules, crowned or, and, on a chief azure, three mullets of the
field ; third quarter, argen-:, a shake-fork sable, for Cunningham, and the fourth
quarter as the first ; crest, an eagle volant, proper : motto, Victoria non prada.

JAMES SANDILANDS, Merchant in Rotterdam, quarterly, first and fourth argent,
u bend azune for Sandilands ; second and third argent, a man's heart crowned,
proper, on a chief azure, three mullets of the field for Douglas, all within a bor-
dure waved gules, for his difference ; crest, a palm tree, proper.

ALEXANDER SAXDILANDS, one of the Magistrates of Edinburgh, in the year 1660,
whose father and grandfather were eminent merchants in that city, descended of
the Sandilands in Clydesdale, carried the arms of Sandilands and Douglas quarterly,
with a suitable difference ; for crest, an eagle displayed. He married Agnes,
daughter to Robert Sandilands, dean of guild of Edinburgh, who bore to him seve-
ral children ; William, who died unmarried ; Mr Robert Sandilands present mini-
ster of the gospel in Edinburgh, who has issue by his wife, a daughter of Carse of
Cockpen ; and Alexander Sandilands, who left issue. Their grandfather, by the
mother's side, the above Robert, dean of guild, was a younger son of Gavin Saudi-
lands of Lumford in West-Lothian, and his lady, Mary, daughter of Robert
Wauchope of Niddry, descended of Sandilands of Middleridge, descended of Sandi-
lands of that Ilk, and of Wiston in Upper-Clydesdale, as by a Genealogical Ac-
count of the Family which I have seen.

The surname of DAMILSTON, argent, a bend sable, as in Sir James Balfour's
Blazons : Robert Damilston obtains a charter from King David II. of the lands of
Crapwood in Lennoxshire, which had fallen into the king's hands by the forfeiture
of one of the name of Horsley.

<M OF THE BEND.

The name ot' WALLOP with us, argent, a bend waved sable , and the same carried
by WALLOP of Forleigh- Wallop, Esq. in Hampshire in England.

GAMMEL of Clerkinshiels, g ules, a bend ingruiled argent, as in Font's Manuscript.
And there also is

M'GACHEN of Tulliquhat, or, a bend g ulcs .

The bend is carried, says Lasius, by the best families in Europe, as a mark of
dignity and honourable employment, as in the armorial ensigns of the LANDGRAVES
of ALSATIA, gules, a bend ingrailed between six crowns or ; to show that the Lords
of that family had been Majors of the French King's palace. And the house of
HENEN, famous in Picardy and Hainault for being descended from the Landgraves
of Alsatia, carry gyles, a bend argent.

The house of CHALON, gules, a bend or, quartered with the arms of the princi-
pality of Orange, or, a hunting-horn azure, virolled and stringed gules.

RADCLIFFE Earl of DERWENTWATER, descended of Sir Thomas Radcliffe, eminent in
the reign of Henry V. whose second son, John, married the heir-general of the an-
cient family of Derwentwater in Cumberland, of whom was descended Sir Edward
Radcliffe of Derwentwater, who was created a Baronet the lyth of James I. 1619.
His son and heir, Sir Francis Radcliffe, was created Earl of Derwentwater, Viscount
Radcliffe and Langley in Cumberland, and Baron Radcliffe of Tindale, by letters
patent dated the yth of March 1688. He died anno 1697, and was succeeded by
his son Francis Earl of Derwentwater, who married, in his father's lifetime, Mary
Tudor, natural daughter -to King Charles II. by whom he had James Earl of Der-
wentwater ; the paternal bearing of his family is, argent, a bend ingrailed sable.

WIDDRIXGTON Lord WIDDRINGTON, an ancient family in the county of Nor-
thumberland, of whom was descended Sir William Widdrington, who was created
baronet by King Charles I. and having distinguished himself by singular services
to that king, in the time of the grand rebellion, for his good service was created ;t
peer of that realm 1643, by the title of Baron Widdrington, and carried for arms,
quarterly, argent and gules, a bend sable.

The name of KENDAL in England, argent, a bend vert.

The name of CLARKE there, or, a bend ingrailed azure.

The name of MARSHALL there, gules, a bend ingrailed or.

To follow my former method, I shall add here examples of bearing of a bend
charged with figures.

LESLIE Earl of Ross, a branch of the House of Leslie, carried the arms of Leslie
as before, argent, on a bend azure, three buckles or. Afterwards Sir Walter Leslie,
finno 1366, married Eupham Ross, eldest daughter and co-heiress of William Earl
of Ross, and, in her right, was Earl of Ross, and carried quarterly, first and fourth
gules, three lions rampant argent, for the earldom of Ross ; second and third,
Leslie, as in Sir James Balfour's Books of Blazons.

I have seen two different seals of arms of this Earl's ; the first was appended to a
charter of his, to Alexander Fraser of Philorth, of the date 1375, upon which was
an eagle displayed, hoMing before him, on his breast and wings, three shields fesse-
ways ; that in the middle was charged with three lions rampant, for Ross ; that on
the right hand had a bend charged with three buckles, for Leslie ; and the other, on
the left hand, had three garbs, for Cumin : And, within three years after, he
had another seal, quartered Ross with Leslie, as above blazoned. His lady bore to
him a son and a daughter ; the daughter, Eupham Leslie, who was married to Do-
nald of the Isles : The son, Alexander, was Earl of Ross, and married Isabel
Stewart, daughter to Robert Duke of Albany, and with her had only one daughter
who was unfit for marriage. After the death of Alexander Earl of Ross, her fa-
ther, she, by persuasion of her grandfather, Robert Duke of Albany, resigned her
right of the Earldom of Ross in favours of her uncle John Earl of Buchan, young-
er son of the Duke of Albany : But Donald, who married Eupham Leslie, Earl
Alexander's sister, in her right, claimed and took possession of the Earldom of
Ross ; which occasioned the battle of Hairlaw.

LESLIE of that Ilk, an ancient family in Garioch, argent, on a bend azure, three
buckles or, within a double tressure flowered and counter-flowered gules ; crest, a
gr. (fin's head ; supporters, two griffins, all proper ; with motto, Grip fast. As in
Mr. Pout's Manuscript.

OF THE BEND. 05

ALEXANBER LESLIE of Balquhain, argent, on a fesse azure, three buckle
crest, a griffin's head erased, proper : motto, Grip fast. L. K.

The first of this family was George, second son to Andrew dc Leslie, one of the
progenitors of the Earl of Rothes, and his spouse Elisabeth, daughter to James
Lord Douglas, in the reign of Robert the Bruce. He got from his father the lands
of Balquhain, and married a daughter of Keith of Invcrugy. Sir William Leslie of
Balquhain, lineally descended o£ him, was made a knight at the coronation of K
Charles I. and married Elisabeth Eraser, daughter to Lovat ; she bore Alexander,
of whom the lairds of Balquhain, and William Leslie, the first of the House of Kin-
craigie, who carried argent, on a fesse.between.two cross croslets fitchcd azure, three
buckles or; crest, a griffin's head couped, proper, charged with a cross cro
fitched argent ; motto, Firma spe.

ALEXANDER LESLIE of Wardis, a younger son of William Leslie of Kincraigie.
by his wife Agnes Irving, daughter to the laird of Drum, argent, on a bend ayutf,
betwixt two holly leaves vert, (his maternal- figures) three buckles or : So matri-
culated in the Lyon Office.

BALQUHAIN carries a fesse and not a bend, notwithstanding of which all the ca-
dets of the family do not so. For, to change a fesse to a bend, and a bend to a
fesse, has been an old practice of differencing younger sons with us, not only by
this family, but by Stewarts Earls, of Monteith, of whom before, as also Scott of
Bevelaw.

DAVID LESLIE, first laird of Pitcaple, was the eldest son of a second marriage of
William Leslie, first laird of Kincraigie, and his wife Eupham Lindsay, daughter
to William Lindsay of Cairny, and carried argent, on a bend azure, betwixt two
mullets gules, three buckles or ; as in Font's Manuscript.

GEORGE LESLIE, sometime Bailie in Aberdeen, descended of a younger son of
Wardis, argent, on a bend embattled azure, three buckles or : motto, Deus provi-
dcbit. So matriculated in the Lyon Register; as also the following blazons of the
name of Leslie i

JOHN LESLIE of Colpnayshiels, descended of the family of Balquhain, argent, on a
bend azure, three buckles or, within a bordure invected of the second, and charged
with eight crescents of the first ; crest, a buckle issuing out of a crescent argent :
motto, Conamine augeor. And JOHN LESLIE of Kininvie, another cadet of Balquhain,
carries the same, but has his bordure indented, and not charged : motto, $>u<v
juncta firnifi.

WALTER. LESLIE of Tulloch turns his bend to a fesse, with buckles as the rest,
as descended of Balquhain ; and accompanies it with three flower-de-luces azure ;
crest, an eagle's neck, with two heads erased sable : motto, Hold fast.

ROBERT LESLIE of Torry, a second son of the family of EindraSsie, descended of
Rothes, carries the quartered coat of Rothes, within a bordure indented, and part-
ed per pale, azure and argent; crest, a buckle or: motto, Hold fast. N. R.

LESLIE Lord LINDORES, quarterly, first and fourth Leslie, second and third Aber-
nethy, and, by way of smtout, an escutcheon gules, charged with a castle triple
towered argent, and massoned sable, for the title of Lindores ; supporters, two
griffins argent, armed gules ; crest, a demi-angel with wings or, holding in the
right hand two greyhounds' heads erased, proper ; with the motto, Stat promissa
fides. The first of this family was Sir Patrick Leslie, second son to Andrew fifth
Earl of Rothes, and his lady Isabel Hamilton, daughter to Andrew Lord Evandale :
Sir Patrick Leslie was created a lord of Parliament, by the title of Lord Lindores,
by King James VI. the 25th of December 1600, of whom is lineally descended
the present Lord Lindores.

DAVID LESLIE Lord NEWARK, was a younger son of Patrick first Lord Lindores,
who served in the wars abroad under Gustavus Adolphus, and afterwards at home
under King Charles II. in the quality of lieutenant-general ; and, upon that king's
restoration, was created Lord Newark, and carried for arms as the Lord Lindore?,
with a crescent for difference. Upon the death of his son and successor without
heirs-male, Dame JEAN LESLIE, his grandchild, present Baroness of Newark, did
succeed to the dignity and honours.; of which family more afterwards, when I
come to towers and castles. She is married to Sir ALEXANDER ANSTRUTHER, a son

96. Oi THE BEND..

of Sir PHILIP ANSTKUHER of that Ilk. See the arms of Lord Newark quartered,
with those of Anstruther, in the Plate of Achievements.

LESLIE Earl of LEVEN, quarterly, first and fourth azure, a thistle, proper, ensign-
ed with an imperial crown or, as a coat of concession ; second and third argent,
on a bend azure, three buckles or, for Leslie ; crest, a man in armour holding a.
sword, all proper, and other two for supporters after the same fashion, sometimes
represented with colours over their shoulders ; with the motto, Pro rege ^£ patria.

The first raiser of this family was one David Leslie, who served under Gustavus
Aclolphus, and became rich by the industry of his wife Anne Renton, said to be of
the family of Renton of Billy, in the shire of Berwick. On his return to Scotland,
he was by King Charles I. the nth of October 1641, created Lord Balgonie and
Earl of Leven : He had, by his wife a son, Alexander Leslie Lord Balgonie, who
;narried Margaret Leslie, daughter to John sixth Earl of Rothes, and with her had
a son, Alexander, who outlived his father and grandfather, and was Earl of Leven ;
:tnd a daughter, Katharine, married to the Lord Melville, afterwards Earl of Mel-
ville. Alexander Earl of Leven, married a daughter of Howard Earl of Carlisle,
and died without issue. David Melville, son of the Earl of Melville, and his lady
Katharine Leslie, sister to Alexander the last Earl of Leven, in right of his mother,
and taking upon him the name and arms of Leslie, is Earl of Leven, and carries
the above achievement : He married Lady Jean Wemyss, sister to the present Earl
of Wemyss, and has issue.

GEORGE LESLIE of Findrassie, quarterly, as the Earl of. Rotlies, within a bordure
•,:bcque gules and or ; crest, a buckle argent : mptto, Firma durant. L. R-.

THOMAS LESLIE of Oustons, son of David Leslie, who was eldest son to William
Leslie of Lady wall, argent, on a bend azure, between three oaken branches slipped
vert, acorned, proper, as many buckles or; crest, a hand holding a writing pen,
proper : motto, Soli Deo Gloria. Lyon Register.

NORMAN LESLIE, sometime Dean of Guild of Aberdeen, argent, a pair of wings
conjoined, proper, surmounted of a fesse azure, charged with three buckles or :
motto, God guide all. Lyon Register.

WILLIAM LESLIE of Burdsbank, whose grandfather was a son of the family of
Rothes, carries the quartered coat of the Earl of Rothes, within a bordure parted
per pale cheque and counter-componed, gules and or ; crest, a buckle or : motto,
Keep fast. Lyon Register.

Mr JAMES LESLIE, Advocate, second son to George Leslie, sometime provost of
Aberdeen, and descended of the family of Balquhan, argent, on a fesse azure, three
buckles or, within a bordure of the second, charged with as many stars of the first ;
crest, a griffin, proper, winged or, and holding in the dexter talon a buckle of the
last : motto, Probitas & fir mil as. Lyon Register.

Sir WILLIAM SCOTT of Thirlestane, Baronet, or, a bend azure, charged with u
mullet pierced, betwixt two crescents of the first, within a double tressure flower-
ed and counter-flowered of the second ; which arms are timbred with helmet and
mantlings befitting his quality, and upon a wreath of his tinctures ; for crest, a
mural crown, and issuing thereout, six horsemen's lances or spears, with pennons
thereat, three and three, disposed in saltier ; supporters, two men in coats of mail,
with steel caps, holding in their hand, each of them, a spear with pennons, all pro-
per ; and for motto, Ready, ny ready : As in the Plate of Achievements.

This family was anciently designed of Eskdale, alias Houpayslay, as by the
genealogical account of the family. Arthur Scott of Eskdale, father of Robert
Scott of Eskdale, alias Houpayslay, who was warden of the West Border, and great
grandfather of Robert Scott of Houpayslay, the first of the family that took the
designation of Thirlestane. Which last mentioned Robert of Thirlestane married
a daughter of Johnston of that Ilk ; which family is now honoured with the title
of Marquis of Annandale.

JOHN SCOTT of Thirlestane, their son, a gentleman of entire loyalty, for his ready
Cervices to his sovereign James V. was honoured by that king, as a special con-
cession of his favour, with a part of the royal ensign and other suitable figures, to
adorn his armorial bearing, under his majesty's hand, and the subscription of
Sir Thomas Erskine of Brechin, secretary, as follows :

OF THE BEND.

" JAMES REX,

WE James by the Grace of God King of Scots, considerand the faith and
good servis of right traist friend, JOHN SCOTT of Thirlest'iine, quha com-
mand to our host at Suutra Edge, with threescore and ten launciers on ;ck,
of his friends and followers. And hearid willing to gang with us into England,
when all our nobles and others refused, he was ready to stake all at our bidding ;
for the which cause, it is our will •. And we do strictly command and charge our
Lion Herauld and his deputis for the time beand, to give and to grant to the said
John Scott, an border of tlower-de-lis-es, about his coat of arms, sick as in our
royal banner, and alseswae an bundle of launces above his helmet, with thir word-,,
Readdy, ay readily; that he and all his aftercummers may bruck the samen, a
pledge and taiken of our good-will and kindness for his trew worthiness. And thir
our letters seen, ye naeways failzie to do. Given at Falamuire, under our hand
and privy casket, the zyth day of July, 1542 years.

By the King's special ordinance,

THOMAS ARESKINE."

ROBERT SCOTT of Thirlestane, eldest son of the above John Scott of Thirle-
stane, was warden-depute of the West Border, and married Margaret Scott, sister
to the first Lord Buccleugh, and with her had two sons. The eldest sou, Sir
Robert Scott of Thirlestane ; the second son, Walter Scott, father of Patrick Scott
of Thirlestane, who married Isabel, daughter to Sir John Murray of Blackbarony ;
and by her had several children.

Their eldest son and successor, Sir FRANCIS SCOTT of Thirlestane, Knight and
Baronet, being first made a Knight, and after honoured with the dignity of
baronet in the year 1666, he married Lady Henrietta Ker, daughter to William
Earl of Lothian.

Their son and successor Sir WILLIAM SCOTT of Thirlestane, Baronet, married
first Elizabeth Napier, daughter to the Lady Napier, mother, by him, of the
present Francis Lord Napier : Secondly, Sir William married Dame Jean Nisbet,
only daughter of Sir John Nisbet of Dirleton, and widow of Sir William Scott of
Harden ; she died without issue.

Sir WILLIAM SCOTT of Harden, as descended of Buccleugh, carried or, on a bend
azure, a star of six points, betwixt two crescents of the field, and, in the sinister
chief point, a rose gules, stalked and barbed vert, for a difference ; but of late, as
descended of Scott of Sinton, he carries or, two mullets in chief, and a crescent
in base azure ; supporters, two mermaids, proper, holding mirrors in their hands ;
and for crest, a lady richly attired, holding in her right hand the sun, and in the
left, a half moon ; with the motto, Reparabit cornua Phabe, as in the Plate of
Ac hievements.

SCOTT of Highchester, eldest son of the Earl of Tarras, as descended of a second
son of Harden, carries the first arms of Harden, and surmounts the rose, with a
crescent ; crest, a stag tripping armed with ten tynes, all proper : motto, Pacein
amrj. So matriculated iu the Lyon Register, with the following blazons.

SCOTT of Thirleton carries the same coat of Harden, and charges the rose with
a martlet ; with the crcit, and motto, as Highchester.

SCOTT of Whiteslide, as descended of Sinton, or on a bend azure, a star betwixt
two crescents of the first, and in chief, a broken lance, gules ; cre>t, a hand is-
suing ovit of the torce, holding a broken spear as the former : motto, slmore
patri(£.

HUGH SCOTT of Galashiels, as descended of Harden, Harden'.-, first arms, with-
in a bordure sable, charged with six escalops argent ; crest, a lady from the waist
richly attired, holding in her dexter hand, a rose proper : motto, Prudcntcr f/mo,
as in the Plate of Achievements.

WALTKR SCOTT of Raeburn, a third son of Harden, carries as Harden, with a
suitable difference.

SCOTT of Wool, the same with Harden, but surmounts the rose, with an an-
nulet.

SCOTT of Scotstarvet carries as Buccleugh, within a bordure ingrailed gules ;
crest, a right hand holding an annulet, and therein a carbuncle proper ; with the

^8 OF THE BEND.

motto, In tencbiis lux. SCOTT of Letham, a younger son of that family, carries the:
same, with a mullet for difference ; and Mr GEORGE SCOTT, sometime Stewart of
Orkney, another cadet of Scotstarvet, carries the arms of that* family, quartered
with azure, three boars heads couped, within a bordure indented or, for Gordon of
Cluny ; crest, a boar's head couped or, holding in his mouth four arrows gules,
feathered and headed argent : motto, Do well and let them say.

WALTER SCOTT of Harwood, or, an oak tree vert, surmounted of a bend azure,
charged with a star betwixt two crescents of the field ; crest, a stag's head erased
proper : motto, Ardenter amo. Here the tree is assumed as relative to the designa-
tion of the family of Harwood, of which t^here were several brothers, as Francis
Scott of Greenhill, whose eldest son Robert is a Lieutenant in the Gray Regiment
of Dragoons ; and Gideon Scott of Falnash, another brother of Harvvood, who
carries as Harwood, with their suitable differences. See Harwood's arms in the
Plate of Achievements.

JOHN SCOTT of Malleny, son and representative of Sir William Scott of Clerking-
ton, sometime one of the Senators of the College of Justice, the arms of Buccleugh ;
and for difference, in base, an arrow bend-ways proper, feathered and barbed
argent ; crest, a stag lodged proper : motto, Amo prohos.

WILLIAM SCOTT of Balmouth or, a bend azure between three crescents of the
last, within a bordure ingrailed, and quartered gules and argent, crest, a star or :
motto, Lucet.

ADAM SCOTT of Hassenden, or, on a bend azure, a star of six points between
two crescents argent ; and in base, a bow and arrow of the second ; crest, a hand
erect, holding a pole-axe proper : motto, Trusty and true.

FRANCIS SCOTT of Gorrenberry, the same with Buccleugh, within a bordure
gobonatedi gules and argent ; crest, an anchor in pale, inwrapt with a cable pro-
per : motto, Speranditm.

Mr LAURENCE SCOTT of Bevelaw, or, on a fess azure, instead of a bend, a star
of six points between two crescents of the field ; crest, a dexter hand holding u
scroll of paper.

JAMES SCOTT of Vogrie, son of Mr Robert Scott, one of the clerks of tlie chan-
cery, a younger son of Scotstarvet, or, on a bend azure, a star between two cres-
cents of the field, all within a bordure parted per pale, gules and azure, the dex-
ter side ingrailed, and the sinister indented ; crest, a dexter hand holding a ring
proper: motto, Ne sc it amor fine s.

THOMAS SCOTT of Todrick, a second brother of Whiteslide or, on a bend azure,
a star between two crescents of the field, and in chief, a broken lance gules, with
a crescent for difference ; crest, the head of a lance proper : motto, Pro aris
'^ focis.

Mr GEORGE SCOTT of Bunraw, representative of the fairjily of Sinton, or, two
mullets in chief, and a crescent in base azure ; crest, a nymph, in her dexter
hand the sun, and in her sinister the moon, all proper : motto, Reparabit cornua
Pbcebe.

WILLIAM SCOTT, a second son to the deceast Mr Laurence Scott of Bevelaw, or,
on a fesse azure, a star of six rays between two crescents of the field, all within a
bordure componed of the second and first ; crest, a star of six points proper :
motto, Potior origine virtus.

GEORGE SCOTT of Pitlochie^ or, on a bend azure, a st.rr between two crescents
of the field, within a bordure ingrailed gulss-, and a mullet for difference ; crest,
;i dexter hand erected, holding an annulet, and therein a carbuncle, proper :
motto, In tenebris lux. He was a second son of Scott of Tarvet.

Mr JAMES SCOTT, SherifF-Clerk of the shire of Edinburgh^ descended of the
liunily of Scott of Knightspottie, or, on a bend azure, a star betwixt two cres-
• cuts of the first, all within a bordure ingrailed gules, charged with eight besants ;
(rest, an arm and hand holding a book half opened, proper : motto, Fidel it as.

Having given the blazons of such families of the name of Scott, descended of
Buccleugh, as are recorded in the Lyon Register, I shall here add another recorded
there, of a family of that name in Holland, also descended of Buccleugh, viz.

Mr JAMES SCOTT, eldest son to Apollonius Scott, Judge, and afterwards President
of the High Court of Justice at the Hague, lawful son of James Scott, who hav-

OF THE BEND. &

ing fled from Scotland on the account of some variance happening between him
and some neighbouring family, and for certain violences committed by the one
upon the other, was entered into the service of William Prince of Orange, and
under his conduct served as colonel and brigadier at the taking of Middleburg in
'Zealand, anno 1574, and thereafter was deputed for Zealand, to be one of the
States-General, bears parted per fesse or and g ides, in chief a bend azure, charged
with a star of six rays, betwixt two crescents of the first, and in base an eagle's-leg
couped at the thigh in pale or : That in the upper part, being the coat of Buc-
cleugh, and that in base being assumed by his predecessor upon, his fleeing to Hol-
land, where acquiring new honours, he caused marshal them so ; and- for crest, an
eagle rising or, and looking up to the sun, appearing from under a cloud proper,
supported by two ladies richly arrayed, each holding in their hands a thistle slip-
ped proper : motto, Amo inspicio.

SCOTT of Ely, or, on a bend azure, a star betwixt two crescents of the first,
within a bordure gules, charged with eight besants.

SCOTT of Spencerfield, or, on a bend azure, between two spur-rowels gules, three-
crescents of the first.

SCOTT of Whitehaugh, or on a bend a%ure, ;i mullet argent betwixt two cres-
cents of the first : These three last blazons are to be found in Font's manuscript.
And as for the other families of the name of Scott, who carry lion's heads, their
blazons will be found at the title of the Lion's bead.

The surname of ELLIOT in the south is said to have come from a village called
Elliot in the north, and with that name came to the south border, in the reign of
King James I. of Scotland.

ELLIOT of Redheugh, now called Lawriston in Liddisdalc, gules, on a bend or, a
pipe (or flute) of the first.

In an old book of blazons illuminated in the reign of Queen Mary, are the arms
of the name of ELLIOT, gules, on a bend betwixt two cotrises or, as many pheons
in chief and base of the second, a flute or pipe of the first.

Sir GILBERT ELLIOT of Stobbs, baronet, gules, on a bend ingrailed or, a batton
azure ; crest, a dexter arm holding a cutlass proper, with the motto, Pcradventun-.
As matriculated in the Lyon Register.

Sir GILBERT ELLIOT of Minto, baronet, of late one of the senators of the College
of Justice, descended of Stobbs, gules, on a bend ingrailed or, a batton azure, all
within a bordure vair ; crest, a dexter hand issuing from a cloud, and throwing a
dart, all proper: motto, Non egit arai. N. R_

Mr ADAM ELLIOT, third son to the deceast Mr Henry Elliot, minister of Bedrule,
who was lawful son to William Elliot, sometime provost of Peebles, who was
third brother to Gilbert Elliot of Stobbs, gules, on a bend ingrailed or, a flute azure,
all within a bordure ingrailed of the second, and charged with eight mullets of the
third ; crest, a dexter hand holding a flute, proper ; with the motto, Inest jucundi-
tas ; which shows the figure on the bend, to be a pipe or flute. N. R.

WALTER. ELLIOT of Erkelton, a second son of Elliot of Unthank, who was de-
scended of the family of Lawriston, gules, on a bend indented or, a flute of the first ;
crest, a demi-man in armour, proper ; with the motto, Pro rege W limite.

SIMEON ELLIOT of Binksnow of Swinside, descended of. the family of Lawriston,
gules, on a bend or, a batton azure, all within a bordure of the second, charged
with six garbs, as the third ; crest, a gentleman holding a pike in his hand, in a
watching posture. N. R.

The surname of TOWERS, the principal family of which name was Towers of
Inverleith, argent, on a bend azure, three mullets of the first ; the first of this
family was Walter Towers, by descent a Frenchman, merchant in Edinburgh,
who, for his assisting to recover the castle of Edinburgh out of the hands of the
English by a stratagem, got from King David II. the lands of Inverleith, Water
of Leith, Dairy, and others. lYilliatn Towers de Inverhitb, Dominus de Dalray,
so designed in a tack of a mill on the Water of Leith, to Thomas Fulton, in the
year 1478. Sir James Towers of Inverleith was one of the Privy Council in the
minority of King James V. and this family ended in an heiress, in the reign of
King Charles II., who was married to Sir John Sinclair of Lochend and Longfor-

ioo OF THE BEND.

macus, and their son, the present Sir Robert Sinclair of Longformacus, quartern
the arms of his mother with his own, as in the Plate of Achievements.

TOURRIN or TURING of Foveran, an old family in the shire of Aberdeen, ori-
ginally from France, now extinct *, or, on a bend g ules, three boars' heads of the
first : As in James Esplin, Marchmont Herald, his book illuminated in the
year 1630.

KINNEAR of that Ilk, in the shire of Fife, sable,, on a bend or, three canary
birds proper ; Mr Pont, in his blaxons, sable, on a bend or, three papingos vert ;
but tlie first blazon given by Sir George Mackenzie seems to be the most proper
one, being relative to the name, which is ancient with us ; for in the register of
the abbacy of Balmerino, there is a donation of William Kinnear of that Ilk, of
certain lands to the Monks of that abbacy, to pray for the soul of his father, and
ef Emergalda, Queen to King William. This family, says Sir James Dalrymple
in his Collections, has a charter of the lands of Kinnear from King Alexander II.

The surname of DISHINGTON, gules, on a bend argent, three mullets sable. Sir
William Dishington, for his faithful services to King Robert I. got a charter from
that King of the lands of Ball-Glass in the Thanedom of Aberdeen.

DISHINGTON of Ardross, or, on a bend sable, three escalops of the first, as in
Mr Pont's blazons, with the motto, Unica spes mea Christus ; and so illuminated in
Esplin's book of arms. John Dishington of Ardross is one of the assessors in the
perambulation between the marches of Easter and Wester Kinghorn 1457. As in.
the chartulary of the Abbacy of Dunfermline.

NEWALD of Cargow, argent, on a bend azure, three martlets of the field. As
in Esplin's illuminated book of blazons.

BINNING of that ilk, argent, on a bend ingrailed sable, a mullet of the first.

BINNING of Easter-Binning,- descended from the former, carries the same arms,,
but placed on the bend a waggon argent, because one of the heads of that family,
with his seven sons, went in a waggon covered with hay, surprised and took the
castle of Linlithgow, then in possession of the English, in the reign of David II.

Sir WILLIAM BINNING of Walliford, sometime provost of Edinburgh, descended
of Easter-Binning, argent, on a bend ingrailed sable, a waggon or, within a bor-
dure of the second ; crest, a demi-horse, furnished for a waggon, proper : motto,
Christo ducefeliciter. In the Lyon Register.

JAMES BINNING of Carlowriehall, carries the same with Easter-Binning ; and
for crest, a horse's head furnished for a waggon, proper : motto, Mrtute doloque.

The surname of HALYBURTON, ort on a bend azure, three mascles of the first-
The principal old family of this name was Halyburton of that Ilk, in the shire of
Berwick : the chapel of Halyburton was a pendicle of the church of Greenlaw, as
appears from the charter of David the son of Truck, giving and disponing to the
abb:icy of Selkirk, his chapel of Halyburton, in the reign of Malcolm IV.
Which charter is confirmed by his pronepos Philip de Halyburton, in the year 1261 ;
and in that charter Philip calls David, son of Truck, his proavus. The name of
the knds and chapel, is said to be from a religious man named Burton, who had
his residence in these lands which were called after him, Halyburton, i. e. Holy-
burton, or St Burton's lands.

In the reign of King Robert I. Adam de Halyburton, and Margaret Pourboure,
his wife, got a charter from Patrick Dunbar Earl of March, of the lands of Tra-
pran, cum monte Dumpelder, and the tenement of Southall, which belonged to Hugh
de Gourly forfeited ; and which charter is confirmed by King David II. Philippus
de Halyburton, filius 13 hares Domini IVillidmi de Halyburton militis, makes a dona-
tion of an annuity out of the lands of Mellerstain to the abbacy of Kelso, in the
chartulary of Melrose ; Adam Halyburton Dominus de Halyburton, with the con-
sent of his superior, Patrick Earl of March, grants the like, 1357, which is con-
firmed afterwards by James Bishop of St Andrews. Dominus Johannes de Haly-
burton is witness to a charter of Richard Edgar, granted to Robert Edgar of Wad-
derly, of the date 1378. And, in another charter, confirming the former, in the
year 1384, Dominus Johannes de Halyburton, is designed Dominus de Dirleton:
which two charters I see in the custody of Edgar of Wadderly, the last of which
ends thus, " In cujus rei testimonium usus sum sigillo Domini Johannis Halybur-
" ton Domini de Dirleton." Richard the disponer and granter of the charter,

1 The family of Turing is represented by the present Sir Robert Turing, Bart, of Foreran. £

OF THE BEND.

ti^ed then the seal of Sir John Halyburton Lord Dirleton, which F see appending
to the said charter entire, whereon were the same quartered arms which our
books of blazons now give to Halyburton Lord Dirleton, thus, quarterly, first or,
mi a bend azure, three mascles of the first tor Hulyburton. Second, or, three
bun gluts. Third, argent, a bend gules f for Vaus Lord Dirleton; and the fourth
as the first. 1 have likewise seen a tack of the lands of Larruk-n given by John
Lord Halyburton to Thomas and Alexander Heatlies tenants, of the date 1447,
which tack begins thus : " We John Lord Halyburton," &c. (penes Edgar of
Wadderly) to which his seal of arms is appended, and the transumpt of it after-
wards judicially taken, to which Richard Lamb was notar ; who, being ignorant
of armoury, confusedly describes the seal in the transumpt, which yet may be
known to be the same with the above blazon, which I here add. " Literam
" sedationis stipatam sigillo nobilis Domini Johannis de Halyburton, in quo sigil-
" lo sculptum fuit unutn scutum, in dicto scuto bend lossyne (a bend charged
" with lozenges or mascles) &• trias faces (in the second quarter three bars) &. in
" inferiore parte dicti sigil'i unum simplex bend ; (in the third quarter a bend)
" &- unurn bend lossyne ;" (that is the fourth quarter as the first.) Anciently our
notars were obliged, in transumpts of rights, to describe or blazon the seal, because
it was the seal only that verified the deeds, or evidents, •which then wenyiot sub-
scribed by the granters. I have met with several such descriptions of blazons by
our, notaries in transumpts, some of them awkwardly and some handsomely
done.

The family of HALYBURTON Lord DIRLETON ended in three daughters co-
heiresses, in the reign of King James V. The eldest, Janet, was married to Wil- .
liam Lord Ruthven. The second, Marion, was married to George Lord Home ; she
bore to him Alexander Lord Home, who quartered the paternal coat of Halybur-
ton, viz. or, on a bend azure* three mascles of the first, as on the seals of that
family, of which afterwards : As also did the issue of William Lord Ruthven,
grandfather of the first Earl of Gowry, who married Janet Halyburton, the other
co-heiress of the Lord Dirleton ; of which before : And the third daughter, Mar-
garet, was married to George Ker of Faudenside, in the shire of Roxburgh, who
did the same. The exterior ornaments of the arms of HALYBURTON Lord DIRLE-
TQN, as in our illuminated books of arms, are these ; for crest, a Moor's head band-
ed argent ; supporters, two naked Moors banded about the head and middle argent ;
and for motto, Watch well,

The heir-male of Halyburton Lord Dirleton, is HALYBURTON of Pitcur, now re-
presentative of the principal family, who carries or, on a bend azure, between three
boars' heads erased sable, as many mascles of the first ; I know some make them
lozenges, which I do not think so right. The boars' heads were assumed by this
family, for marrying Chisholm heiress of Pitcur ; crest,, a negro's head and neck
couped at the shoulders, armed with an helmet, proper ; supporters, two cats :
motto, Watch well. N. R.

HALYBURTON of Egliscairnie, or, on- a bend waved azure, three lozenges of the
first, by some old books of blazon. But in the Lyon Register the bend is not
waved, but plain, as descended also of the Lord Dirleton ; crest, a boar's head
couped and erect, proper : motto, Watch well.

WILLIAM HALYBURTON, son of a second brother of Egliscairnie, descended of the
Lord Halyburton, or, on a bend, the upper side waved, and the under side ingrail-
ed azure, three lozenges of the first ; crest, a boar's head erected and couped, pro-
per : motto, Ma/ores sequor. N. R..

JOHN HALYBURTON of Newmains, descended, and representative of Morton, or,
on a bend azure, three mascles, and in the sinister canton a buckle of the first ;
crest, a stag at gaze, proper: motto, Watch well. N. R.

DANZELSTON or DENNISTON of that Ilk, argent, a bend sable.

DENNISTON- Lord DENNISTON'S arms as illuminated in our old books of blazon, are
argent, a bend sable , between an unicorn's head erased gules, horned or, and a cross
croslet fitche of the third, supported on the dexter by a lion gules, and on the
sinister by an antelope argent, unguled and horned or ; and for crest, a right hand
holding aloft an antique shield sable, charged with a star or. So illuminated iu
Workman's Book of Blazons.

C c

,02 OF THE BEND,

The lands of Denniston, in, the sheriffdom of Renfrew, were named from the
first possessor, Danziel, as appears by a charter of the barony of Houston, in the
reign of Malcolm IV. which is bounded with the lands of Daniiel, (see Craw turd's
Hit-tory of Renfrew) whose successors both assumed their name and designation
from them. King David the Bruce gives a charter to Robert Danzelston, son
and heir of Sir John Danzelston, knight, of the barony of Glencairn : And Sir
Robert Danzelston of that Ilk, upon his own resignation, obtains a charter from
King Robert II.

This family at last ended in two heiresses ; Margaret, the eldest, was married to
Sir Robert Cunningham of Kilmaurs, ancestor to the Earl of Glencairn, who got
with her the baronies of Danzelston, Finlayston, Kilmarnock, in Dumbartonshire,
and the barony of Glencairn, in the shire of Dumfries ; and the second daughter,
Elizabeth Denniston, was married to Sir Robert Maxwell of Calderwood, and with
her he got the lands of Mauldsly, Kilkaydow, Stanley, &-c. Upon which account,
the family of Calderwood quarter still the arms of Denniston with their own,
having argent, a bend azure, for Denniston : Of which afterwards.

There were other families of this name, as Denniston of Cowgrane in the shire
of Dumbarton, who is reputed the heir-male and representative of the principal
family of Denniston of that Ilk, and carries argent, a bend sable, an unicorn's head
erased in chief of the last, and in base a cross croslet Jitcbe azure; crest, a dexter
hand pointing at a star, proper : motto, Adversa virtute repello : As in the Lyon
Register ; and in Font's Manuscripts of Blazons, are the arms of these two follow-
ing families of the name of Denniston.

DENNISTON of Duntraith, argent, on a bend azure, between two unicorns' heads
erased sable, armed or, three rings, with carbuncles of the last.

DENNISTON of Mountjohn, argent, on a bend azure, between two unicorns' heads
erased sable, armed or, three cross croslets fitched of the last.

The surname of HERRING, or HERON, with us, gules, on a bend argent, a rose,
between two lions rampant of the field : There was an old family of this name in
Clydesdale, and another in Mid-Lothian, who possessed the lands of Edmonstone
and Gilmerton. A daughter of this family, Giles Herring, was married to Sir
William Somerville of Linton and Carnwath, in the year 1375, who with her got
half of the lands of Gilmerton, and the lands of Drum, of whom is descended the
present laird of Drum, as by the charters and evidents of these lands, which I have
seen in the custody of Somerville of Drum.

There was also another family of this name, designed of Lethendy and Glas-
cuine, in Perthshire ; John Drummond of Blair, married Agnes Herring, daughter
of Sir David Herring of Lethendy, whose arms, in Font's Manuscripts, are quar-
terly, first and fourth gules, on a bend argent, a rose between two lions rampant of
the field ; second and third azure, a cheveron argent, and the same arms for Her-
ring of Lethendy, stand illuminated with those of other barons, Members of Par-
liament in the year 1604, in the House of Falahall, but there are two roses, one
before each lion upon the bend. In the stewartry of Kirkcudbright there is a
family of this name, who write themselves HERON of that Ilk, and carries the pa-
ternal coat of Herring or Herin, as above ; and our heralds have been in use to
place these arms on their funeral escutcheons ; having for crest, a demi-lion
argent; with the motto, By valour.

LOCKHART of Barr, an ancient family of that name, argent, on a bend sable, three
fetterlocks or. As in Mackenzie's Heraldry.

ALEXANDER BRAND of Baberton, argent, on a bend sable, three mascles of the
first, and on a chief of the second, as many spur-rowels or ; and for crest, two pro-
boscides of elephants in pale, couped, flexed, and reflexed argent ; that on the dexter
charged with three mascles ; and the other on the sinister, with as many spur-
rowels sable ; with the motto, Ay forward* As recorded in the Lyon Register,
with these two following blazons.

JOHN COOK, sometime Bailie of Pittenweem, guks, on a bend or, two cinquefoils
azure, and, in the sinister chief point, a crescent surmounted of a cross croslet of
the second ; crest, a sea cat, appearing out of the wreath ; with the motto, Tutum
monstrat iter.

01- THE BEND: 103

Mr WALTER COMRIK, Doctor of Divinity, or, on a bend azure, an annulet of the
first, betwixt two pheons issuing out of the same ; crest, an archer shooting an
arrow out of a bo\v, proper : motto, Ad met am.

The surname of Y\ 'IGMURE or WUJMER, argent, a bend sable, charged with ano-
ther waved of the field. As in Workman's Manuscript.

The surname of LEGGHT, azure, on a bend argent, tliree mens' hearts gules,
and on a chief of the second, as many martlets sable. Font's Manuscript. And
there also,

The surname of LEITCH, gules, on a bend ingrailed or, betwixt six fusils of the
second ; three escutcheons azure.

I shall add here some blazons with, a bend between, accompanied or cotoyed
with figures.

The surname of CHEYNE, says Sir James Balfour, in the year 1290, carried as
now, azure, a bend argent, between six cross patees fitched of the last ; I have seen
a charter of Reynold Cheyne, son of Reynold, who was son of another Reynold
Cheyne, of the lands of Durie in Fife, to Gilbert, son to Robert of Strathern ;
which charter was confirmed by Adam de Kilconhaugb Earl of Carrick, in the reign
of Alexander III. King Robert the Bruce gives a charter to Sir Reginald Cheyne,
of the barony of Dunumainie, which formerly belonged to Roger Mowbray. And
so much for the antiquity of the name.

CHEYNE of Straithloch, azure, a bend argent, betwixt six cross patees fitched or.
As in Font's Manuscript. And there also,

CHEYNE of Esselmont, quarterly, first and last azure, a bend argent, between six
cross patees fitched or, for the name of Cheyne ; second and third argent, an
episcopal pale salAe, between three laurel leaves vert,, for the name of Marshall of
Esselmont, (but in the blazon of the Lyon Register, the episcopal pale is left out ;)
crest, a cross patee fitched argent ; and for motto, Patientia vincit.

The surname of COLLESS, azure, on a bend or, betwixt three cross croslets fitch-
ed of the last, as many mascles gules ; Andrew Colless, merchant in Aberdeen,
gets a charter of the barony of Kelly, from Robert Lord Marr, 1404.

COLLESS of Balnamoon, argent, a cross moline, between two mascles in chief
gules, and a boar's head erased in base sable ; Font's Manuscript : and there also,
COLLISON, argent, on a fesse azure, between three roses gules, a sword of the first,
hiked and pommelled or.

ROBERT COLLISON, Gentleman in His Majesty's guards of horse, descended of
the family of Collison of Auchinloumes, argent, on a fesse azure, betwixt three
roses in chief gules, and as many peasecods in base vert; a sword bar-ways of the
first, hiked and pommelled or; crest, a falcon's head erased, proper: motto, Hoc
virtutis opus. L. R.

The surname of CRAMOND, argent, a bend gules ; faliterj argent, three hearts
gules. Font's Manuscript.

CRAMOND of Auldbar, azure, a bend or, between three pelicans feeding their
young argent ; some place the pelicans on the bend. I find one Hug b de Cramand
mentioned by King Robert the Bruce, in his charter to the monks of Jedworth.
Font's Manuscript.

The surname of MASON, argent, a. bend waved azure, betwixt two mullets in
chief, and a flower-de-luce in base gules. Font's Manuscript.

The surname of CANT, argent, a bend ingrailed betwixt two crescents sable.
Font's Manuscript.

LUDOVICK. CANT of Dryburnford in East-Lothian, argent, a bend ingrailed be-
twixt a crescent and a star of eight points, or rays, in chief, and a mullet in base
sable; crest, a dove, proper: motto, Alis reposita. In the Lyon Register; and
there also,

The surname of WYLLIE, azure, a bend accompanied with a fox current in
chief, and two mullets in base argent, by Thomas Wyllie merchant in Edinburgh.
L. R.

MAXTON of Cultequhay, or, a bend gules, (some books have it a cheveron) be-
tween three cross formees fitched azure. I have seen the seal of arms of Robert
Maxton of Cultequhay, appended to his discharge to Sir Alexander Murray of

•io4 OF THE BEND.

Abercairnie, of the date 1410, whereon was a bend ingrailed between three cross,
croslets, one in chief, and two in base.

The surname of ARCHIBALD, argent, on a bend azure, between two mullets of
the second, a crescent of the first; as Mr Pont. But in Sis James Balfour's
Blazons, argent, on a bend between three stars azure, as many crescents of the
first ; which was carried by ALEXANDER. ARCHIBALD of Blackball in Fife : Which
family ended in an heiress, who was married to Alexander Seaton, a younger son
of Carriston, whose issue now enjoys that fortune.

Mr WILLIAM ARCHIBALD, Governor to Mr William Talmash, son to the Dutchess
of Lauderdale, descended of Archibald of Blackball, has the last blazon of Black-
hall within a bordure ingrailed sable ; crest, a branch of palm tree slipped, proper :
motto, Ditat servata fides. Lyon Register. And there also,

ALEXANDER GAR!OCH of Kinstair, azure, a bend betwixt a stag's head couped
in chief argent, attired or, and three cross croslets filched, in base, of the second ;
crest, a palm tree growing out of a mount with a trefoil, proper ; motto, Concussus
surgo.

The surname of GLASSFORD, argent, a bend ingrailed accompanied with two
spur-rowels gules. Font's Manuscript, and in the New Register.

JOHN GLASSFORD, Collector of the Customs at Borrowstownness, argent, a bend in-
grailed, accompanied with two spur-rowels in chief, and a hunting-horn in base
gules, garnished sable : motto, Mente y manu.

Major JOHN BIGGAR of Woolmet, argent, a bend azure, accompanied with three
mullets gules ; crest, a pelican's head couped, proper; with the motto, Giving and
forgiving. Lyon Register.

WILLIAM BIGGAR, Merchant in Edinburgh, argent, a bend counter-embattled
azure, between two mullets gules ; crest and motto as the former. There was a
family of old of this name designed of that Ilk. Robert Bigris is a witness in the
charter of King David I. to the abbacy of Dunfermline ; and there are severals of
the name of Biggar, witnesses in the chartulary of Kelso. Sir James Dalrymple,
in his Collections, says, he has seen a charter, Roberti Jilii Walderi de Biggar,
granted to Ricardo Baird de magna IS parva Kyp, in the reign of Alexander 111.

LIVINGTON or LETHINGTON of Saltcoats, an ancient family in East-Lothian,
argent „ a bend between two otters' heads couped gules ; Font's Manuscript ; some
call them boars' heads : I have seen the armorial seal of this family, which had a
bend with an otter's (or boar's) head couped in chief, and the circumscription
round it was, Sig. Patricii Livingtoun de Saltcoat, 1593.

The honourable families of Howard in England, give, for their paternal arms,
gules, a bend between six cross croslets fitche argent*

THOMAS HOWARD Duke of NORFOLK, Hereditary Earl Marshal of England,
premier duke and chief of the illustrious family of the Howards, descended from
William Howard, a learned judge and counsellor to King Edward I. got an addi-
tion to these arms from Henry VIII. in memory of the victory he obtained over
King James IV. and his army in Flodden-field, the pth of September 1513, being
an,, escutcheon or, charged with a demi-lion rampant, (pierced through the mouth
with an arrow) within a double tressure counter-flowered ^fz/for; which escutcheon
is placed by those of that family on the bend. The first duke of this name was
Thomas, created by King Richard III., being descended by Lady Margaret
Dutchess of Norfolk, daughter of Thomas de Brotherton, descended of a younger
son of Edward I. for which the family quarters the arms of England, with a label
of three points ; and in. the third place, the arms of Clifford, cheque, or and azure ;
and in the fourth, gules, a lion rampant or, for Mowbray Duke of Norfolk.

The many, noble branches of this family in England carry the paternal coat of
Howard, with the minute differences, such as crescents, mullets, flower-de-luces,
&c. as in the English, books of blazon.

STOURTON Lord, STOURTON, sable, a bend or, betwixt six fountains, proper. This
ancient family was dignified with the title of Lord Baron Stourton in the 28th
year of the reign of Henry VI.

PETRE Lord PETRE, gules, a bend or, between two escalops argent ; as in Mr
Dale's. Catalogue of the Nobility of England. This family was dignified by the

OF THE BEND-SINISTER.

title of Lord Petrc of W'rittle in Com. Essex, by King James I. the list of July
1603.

ALLINGTON Lord ALLIKGTON of Wymondly in England, and Baron Killaird in
Ireland, sable, a bend betwixt six billets ardent.

I have; spoke to a bend surmounted with figures ; as aKowhcn it surmounts other
figures ; and having given some few examples, I shall here add only two.

SIKV.ART of Fothergale, or, a lion rampant gules, surmounted of a bend sable ;
as in Mr Thomas Crawfurd's .Manuscript of Heraldry.

Mr JOHN AIK.MAN of Cairnie, Advocate, argent, a sinister hand in base fesse-
\vays, holding an oaken button in pale, with a branch at the top, proper, surmount-
ed of a bend ingrailed gules ; crest, an oak tree, proper, as relative to the name ;
with the motto, Sub robore virtus. Lyon Register.

I have spoke before in this chapter of the diminutives of the bend, and of the
situation and disposition of natural and artificial figures in bend or bend-ways, and
given some few examples ; so that having treated sufficiently of the bend, I shall
put an end to this long chapter, and proceed to the bend-sinister.

CHAP. XIV.

OF THE BEND-SINISTEX. ; THE BAR WITH THE FRENCH.

THIS ordinary possesses a third middle part of the field diagonally from the
upper left to the lower right angle. With the English it possesses the
third part of the field, when charged, and when not, only the fifth part of the
field.

The French call this ordinary the bar, but do not take the diminutive of the
e tor the bar, us the English, and describe it, La barre occupe Vautre milieu de
'. droite.

It is said to represent a military belt, whereat hang the quiver, now the cara
bine belt.

The bend-sinister, or bar with the French, is not frequent in the arms of the
Britons, French, Spaniards, and Italians, because it lias some resemblance with the
common note of illegitimation : It is frequent with the Germans, and is as honour-
able, in the opinion of heralds, as the bend-dexter. What Sylvester Petra Sancta
! of it, I shall here add :

" Balteus hie sinister, intra gloriam est ingenuorum natalium ; neque enim cum
" spuria clavula, seu cum notha ilia lineola confundi debet, quas vitiosae prosapiae
" index habetur. Rarus est quidem hie balteus sinister in tesseris gentilitiis no-
" bilium Italia?, Galliae, Hispaniae, atque Britanniae : Sed suum decus retinet ta-
" men in tesseris non adeo paucis nobilium Germanize. Fuerit vero militare
" cingulum fortasse pharetris ferendis aptum. Quemadmodum hodieque simili
" cingulo utuntur militcs, gestandis ab humero pendulis aheneis fistulis longiori-
" bus quas vulgo appellant charabinas."

Of old the bend-sinister was more frequent in arms with us, than of late, when
almost all of them are turned to the right ; fancying that it carries some mark of
illegitimation with it. Sir James Balfour, in his Blazons, says, of old, BISSET of
that Ilk carried argent, a bend-sinister gules ^ and these of the name of Sowles,
in anno 1292, carried barry of six, or and gules, a bend-sinister sable. The name
of BARBKR, or, a bend sinister azure, charged with a mullet of the first, plate V.
fig. 22. But now some of that name, as ROBERT BARBER of Mulderg, argent, a
St Andrew's Cross betwixt a garb in chief, two, escalops in the rlanques, and
another in base azure : motto, Nibilo nisi cruce, L. R. In the borough rolls of
Exchequer, in the year 1328, I find one John Barber, who, by order of King
Robert the Bruce, got a sum of money from Sir Alexander Seaton of that Ilk, as
governor and feuer of the town of Berwick upon Tweed, one of the progenitors of
the Lords of Seaton, and Earls of Winton. It was this Sir Alexander Seaton's
two sons, whom Edward III. caused most perfidiously to be hanged, because their
father would not surrender the town of Berwick..

rafi OF THE BEND-SINISTER.

LIDDEL of Halkerton, of old, (says Sir James Balfour), carried 'gules on a bencJ-
sinister argent, a mullet sable ; but now it is a bend-dexter, charged with tl
mullet? tabfe. Sir James Liddel of Halkerton is witness in a charter of 'Alexan-
der Duke of Albany, to Alexander Bonneston of that Ilk, of the lands of Upsat-"
lington in the Merse, (penes Ctmitem de Home'). Robert Liddel, merchant in Edin-
burgh, descended of the family of Halkerton, gules, on a bend, betwixt a cross
croslet fitched in chief, and a flower-de-luce in base argent, three spur-rowels of
the first ; crest, a rose slipped proper : motto, Hinc odor y sanitas, L. R.

The name of KAY or CAY, in Sir George Mackenzie's Heraldry, argent, a bend-
sinister sable, between an annulet in chief gules, and a griffin's head erased in base
of the second, in its beak, a key azure ; fig. 23. plate V. He gives us also there
the arms of the name of WESTON, fig. 24. gules, on a bend sinister argent, three
crescents sable. Font's Manuscript. In the borough rolls of Exchequer, Thomas
Weston got sixty-six pounds eight pennies from Sir Alexander Scaton, governor
and steward of Berwick, as by his accounts given in the 2ist of January 1327.

The bend-sinister is subject to all the accidental forms that the bend-dexter i?,
and the Qther ordinaries : As, to have its diminutives, and to be multiplied also,
which I shall only here name, since their practice in armories is very rarely to be
met with in Britain.

The first diminutive of the bend-sinister, with the English, is called a scarp,
which contains in breadth the half of the bend-sinister, .and comes from the
French word echarpe, a scarf, an ornament made use of by commanders and field-
officer?, over their left shoulder, thwart the body, and so under the arm, on the
right side, as Guillim says, who tells us, that in blazons, it should be named scarp,
without mentioning the word sinister, and that it is an honourable armorial figure ;
yet neither he nor others in England give us any instance by whom it is carried ;
the French call it a barre, and if there be six of them in the field, they say ban e i
and if more, cottise,

The half of the scarp, with the English, is called a batton-sinister; by the French,
baton -sinister ; it is never carried in arms, but as a mark of illegitimat'on, com-
monly called the bastard bar.

Guillim, in his Display of Heraldry, says, that the batton-sinister represents a
cudgel, being latined by some, bacillus, to show that bastards are not free men, but as
servants Kable to be cudgelled; but this is both unmannerly and unreasonably said,
for the batton-dexter and sinister, are both latined bacilli ; the first used by the
most polite nations, to difference the lawful younger sons of sovereigns and nobi-
lity, as the batton-dexter in the arms of the younger sons of France, and which
was used by the family of Bourbon, over the arms of France, before its accession
to the throne. The button-sinister differs only from the former, by position, to
distinguish the illegitimate from the legitimate, carried by natural children, not
only of the nobility, but sovereigns ; and does not expose them as villain, as
Guillim will have it, but shows that they are cut oft" from the succession to their
tather's honour and inheritance, by the lawful children, from which it is sometimes
called afasure, as Upton, " Fissura pro eo quod findit anna paterna in duas par-
" tcs, quia ipse bastardus finditur a patrimonio patris sui."

I shall take occasion here, for my reader's satisfaction, to speak a little to its an-
cient and modern form, the antiquity of its use, its continuance in a coat of arms,
and give some examples by whom it is carried as a mark of illegitimation.

As to its form and length, (having shown its breadth before), it pa: sed anciently
from the left chief corner of the shield, to the right flank over the arms, of which
I have seen several instances with us ; and shall here only mention, that of JOHN
HOMJS of Hilton in the Merse, natural son of Alexander Lord Home, Great
Chamberlain of Scotland, in the reign of King James IV. who had on his seal of
arms, appended to a right of reversion of the lands of the Fleurs in Roxburghshire,
granted by him to Elizabeth Home, Lady Hamilton; fig. 25. plate V. Quarterly,
first and fourth vert, a lion rampant argent, for Home ; second and third argent,
three papingoes vert, for Pepdie of Dallas, (the arms of his father), and over all a
batt.oTj-sinister sable, as a mark of illegitimation, passing from the left chief corner
to the right flank.

OF THE BEND-5INISTER. 107

Sue' >f a batton-sinister, passing from corner to corner,

paternal. quarter, and nut over the other qu is that of Robrrt Sn-warf, a.

natunil MMI of King JIUHC^ V. begot upon Eupham, daughter ot" Alexander Lord
Elphinston ; who being prior ot' Holyroodhouse, he exchanged that abbacy witli
Actiiin Bothwcll, bislio]) ot Orkney, tor hi.s right of thut bishoprick, in the >eur 1570,
and was created t'.url of Orkney, by King James Vl. by patent the 2ist of Octo-
ber: He carried the arms of Scotland, bruised with a batton-sinister sable, quarter-
ed, in the first and fourth places, with the feudal arms of Orkney ; in the second and
third places, being azure, a ship with her sails furled up or. His son Patrick, whom
he had by his wife Jean, daughter to Gilbert Earl of Cassilis, succeeded him in his
honours : but the batton-sinister (it seems by favour allowed) was turned to the
right, as a ribbon sable, bruising the lion, so illuminated in the Manuscript of
James Workman, herald-painter, with these exterior ornaments ; for crest, a
king inthronized, holding in his right hand a sword, and in his left, a falcon; with
the motto, Sic fult esf £j crit ; supported on the dexter by an unicorn ; and on
the sinister, by a grirlin. This Earl Patrick was forfeited for treason, for which he
lost his head in the year 1614.

By our modern practice, the batton does not touch the extremities of the shield,
nor the extremities of the quarter where the paternal arms are placed, for the bat-
ton is couped, that is, cut short, as in all British paintings and engravings ; the
French make it much shorter than we, and call it baton-sinister peri,

As to the ancient use of the batton-sinister, it has not been in practice of arms, as
a mark of illegitimation above three hundred years ; for of old, the natural sons,
whether of subjects or sovereigns, did not carry the arms of their fathers, as now,
with differences ; but carried other arms, which they got from, their sovereign, or
those of their mothers or wives being noble.

The natural children of the Kings of Scotland, and our nobility, had no names
or arms of old from their fathers, and those they had were either from the places-
of their birth, or from their mothers or wives, as also their names or designations.
Robert, natural son of King William, having married the heiress of Lundy of
that Ilk, he and his issue took upon them the name of LUNDY or LUNDIN, and the
arms of that family, viz. paly of six, argent and gules, over all on a bend azure,
three cushions of the first, which the family continued till of late, carrying now,
by warrant from the crown, as before, the arms of Scotland within a bordure gobo-
nated, argent and azure, as the natural sons of our kings have been in use to do
only since the reign of King James I. of Scotland ; For the bordure gobonated
was not then a mark of illegitimation as now.

The same practice was in England ; WILLIAM LONG-ESPEE, natural son of Henry
II. begot on the fair Rosamond, had for arms a long sword, relative to his name ;
but after he had married Ella, daughter and heir of William D'Eureux, Earl of
Salisbury, and being confirmed earl thereof by Richard I. he then took the arms
of his wife, viz. azure, six lions rampant, argent, 3, 2, and j. and no part of his
father King Henry's arms-: as Edward Walker, and Sir John Feme have observed.
And Sandford, in his Genealogical History, also tell* us, that the unlawful chil-
dren of JOHN of GAUNT, Duke of LANCASTER, begot on Katharine, daughter of Srr
Pay en Rouet, Guienne King of Arms, did not carry the arms^of their father the king,
though nobilitate with a batton-sinister, as now used ; but their arms were parted
per pale argent and azure, over all a bend gules, charged with three lions passant
gardant or : but after the legitimation of these three natural sons, by act of Parli-
ament, they then assumed the sovereign ensign of England, being France and
England quarterly, within a bordure gobonated argent and azure. Of which
afterwards.

Sir JOHN CLARENCE, natural son of Thomas, Duke of Clarence, second son of
Henry IV. who was killed at the battle of Bauge in France, by the Scots 1421,
did not presume, as Sandford observes, to carry his father's arms, which were
France and England', quarterly, with a label of three points ermine, each charged
with a canton gules, for Clare ; but carried only parted per cheveron gules and
azure, two lions rampant affront e or.

So that till about the fourteenth century, I have not found natural children carry-
ing the arms of their fathers with a batton-sinister, as a mark of illegitimation ;

Or THE BEND-SINISTER.

for before and about that time, if natural children carried any figures belonging
to their father, they were placed in fields of various partitions, dinerent positions
and situations.

ANTIGONE, natural daughter of Humphrey Duke of Gloucester, the fourth son of
Henry IV. whose arms were France and England, quarterly, within a bordure
gobonated ardent and sable, carried her father's arms, over which she placed a bat-
ton-sinister azure: and this is the first instance which Sandford gives of that figure.
The next was that of ARTHUR PLATAGENET, natural son of Edward IV. who car-
ried his father's royal arms bruised, with a batton-sinister azure.

It cannot then be precisely determined when the natural children began to use
the arms of their supposed fathers, with the now known marks of illegitimation :
For in some countries the practice was sooner than in others ; and some tell
us it is but rare yet in Germany.

The practice of natural children carrying the arms of their fathers with brisures
had its rise and progression from a custom, says Sir John Feme, which began from
the presumption of natural children, and the acts of legitimations of sovereigns.
How soon this practice was in France, I cannot be positive ; but that the lawful
younger sons of sovereigns there, were not in use to carry their father's arms, till
about the thirteenth century, is certain; much less could the natural children, even
for a long time after. Menestrier tells us, that it is the custom of France, for bas-
tards not to take their surnames from their supposed fathers, but from their seig-
niories and titles ; and when they began to carry their arms with a sinister traverse,
or baton peri, he does not tell us, but says, that a bastard cannot cancel nor alter
the batton, without the consent of the chief of the family, unless the bastard
carry them in a faux escu, i. e. a cartouch, or false shield : and the son of a bas-
tard, procreate in lawful marriage with a gentlewoman, may use the arms of his
father and mother, quarterly, having always the batton-sinister on his paternal
quarter.

As for the continuance of this mark of illegitimation in arms, some are of opi-
nion, that it should always continue with the bastards descendants by lawful mar-
riages, until the sovereign or chief of the family dispense with it.

Gerard Leigh says, The legitimate of a bastard, may, with consent of the prince,
change the batton-sinister to the right side, keeping still the just quantity of the
batton ; and that it should be broken, of which he gives us an example in his ac-
cidents of armories, and blazons it thus, azure, a bend double duncette argent.
But I find none has followed him as to the form of this traverse.

It is usual for princes to dispense with this known mark of illegitimation even
to bastards themselves, either by carrying it dexter, or cancelling it. Charles VIL
of France allowed John the bastard of Orleans, for his valour against the English,
to turn his sinister traverse to the dexter, with which he and his issue afterwards
bruised the arms of Orleans as DUKES of LONGUEVILLE.

I have observed in a book of arms illuminated in the reign of Mary Queen of
Scotland, the arms of JAMES Earl of MURRAY, natural son to King James V. hav-
ing the tsinister traverse turned to the dexter, bruising the lion and tressure of
Scotland ; and quartered with the feudal arms of the Earldom of Murray, which
I suppose were dispensed with by the Queen: and the arms of Scotland, carried
by this family since, are surrounded with a bordure gobonated, argent and azure.

The general opinion, and most commonly received, is, that the bastard bar,
after three lawful generations, may be borne to the right, or omitted without the
sovereign's consent ; and, in place thereof, some remote mark of cadency added ;
but what these remote remarks are, I cannot determine here, not being to my pre-
-ent purpose, and therefore shall only name the bordure gobonated, which is fre-
quently carried in place of the batton-sinister with us and the English, not only
by the lawful issue of bastards, but by bastards themselves ; as in the late practice
of the natural children of King Charles II.

JAMES Duke of MONMOUTH and BUCCLEUGH carried the arms of Great Britain,
with a batton-sinister or.

HENRY FITZROY Duke of GRAFTON, natural son of King Charles II. begot on
Lady Barbara Villiers, Dutchess of Cleveland, carried over the arms of Britain a

OF THE CROSS, &c.

batton-sinibtcr, componed azure and argent ; which was also used by his lawful
boa and heir, Charles Duke of Grafton.

CHARLES FITZROY, another natural son of that king with the dutchess of Cleve-
land, had his button-sinister ermine.

GEORGE FITZROY, Duke of NoRXHUausftLAND, another natural son of that king
with the same dutchess, to differ himself from his two elder brothers, gave his bat-
ton-sinister compone' azure and ermine, (as Jacob ImhotT says) Similem bacillitm ex
bermionicis if cerultis segment is composition,

CHARLES BEAUCLERK. Duke of St ALBANS, another natural son of King Charles
II. carried, over the arms of Great Britain, a batton-sinister gules. Let t1,
amples sutfice for carrying batton-sinisters as marks of illegitimation.

CHAP. XV.

OF THE CROSS, AND ITS ACCIDENTAL AND PROPER FORMS.

CROSS is so generally known, that I need not give a long description of
JL it, as some do by lines perpendicular and horizontal, but only shew, as in fig.
26. Plate V. it us as it were composed of the pale and the fessc : which two do not
lie upon, or bruise one another, but are corporally united in the centre.

This is called -a. plain cross, and possesses a third part of the field, whether char-
ged or not : but the English say, when not charged, it should only possess the fifth
part. And some of their Heralds, as Gerard Leigh and Sylvanus Morgan, begin
with the cross, as the first and most honourable of all the ordinaries ; because it
has been of great esteem, since our Saviour suffered upon it. And though this be
true, yet I think it more methodical to rank it after these ordinaries which seem
to compose it.

The CROSS has been anciently and frequently used by Christians on their ensigns,
flags, and armories. Constantine the Great is said to be the first who assumed it,
and carried a red cross in a white field, which is the ensign and flag of England ;
assumed by the Britons, says Edward Bolton, in his Elements of Armories, p. 73.
because that Emperor was born in Britain. Other English say again, they took
this cross from Joseph, the son of Joseph of Arimathea, who first preached Chris-
tianity in Britain, and, when dying, drew a red cross with his own blood on a
white banner, telling them, that if they continued in the faith, they should al-
ways be victorious under such a banner. Some again ascribe it to their patron St
George, and now is become the badge of the Noble Order of the Garter.

The republic of GENOA carries the like ensign, argent, a cross gules ; upon the
account that one St George is the patron of that republic. But whether he be the
same with St George the patron of England, I know not.

The ensign of DENMARK is gules, a cross argent. Some Danish writers say, that
such a banner dropped from Heaven, when their King, Waldimer II. was fighting
against the infidels in Livonia ; at the sight of which the Danes took courage, and
obtained a complete victory over the infidels : and, to perpetuate that favour from
heaven, they have always made use of it as their ensign. But others tell us, wi'.h
more probability, that Waldimer, observing his own men giving ground to the
enemy, who had beat down his ensign, upon which was an eagle, he ixared up a
new one with the cross, which he had sent him from the Pope, rallied his forces,
and recovered the victory ; and the people were made to believe that it was sent
from heaven, founding upon an ordinary custom of the Popes, in those days, to
send consecrated banners to princes, to encourage them to war against infidels and
heretics.

I shall not insist here upon the public ensigns of kingdoms or countries, and of
the occasion of their rise and assumption ; which I think would be out of my
road. For there are few old ensigns or banners which are not supported with le-
gendary stories.

The DUKE of SAVOY'S ensign, gules, a cross argent, is place3 by way of surtout
over his shield of arms, being the cross of the Knights of St John of Jerusalem,
with which they complimented Amadeus, the great Duke of Savoy, who came to

/to OF THE CROSS, Vc.

their assistance against the Turks, in defence of Rhodes, in the year 1315. And,,
for his great success and valour, they added these four letters by way of devica,
F, E, R, T. which import, Fortitude ejus Rhodem tcnuit, i..e. his courage preserved
Rhodes. But, to forbear to give instances of crosses as signs of sovereignties and
fraternities, I shall speak of them as merely armorial, in the bearings of families,
where we will rind them of many different forms, occassioned by the frequent ex-
peditions to war, against the infidels in the Holy Land, for the recovery of
Jerusalem.

They who engaged in that war received from the hands of bishops and pre-
lates, consecrated crosses, made of cloth or taffeta, which were sewed on the left
side of their upper couts, and thereupon they were said to undertake the cross:
and those expeditions were called crusades. So that of necessity there behoved,
to be various forms of crosses, to distinguish the numerous companies of men, out
of many different nations, who engaged in these expeditions. Besides, afterwards,
the civil wars in Europe between the Emperors and Popes, likewise contributed to
the frequent use of crosses, and their various forms in armories, so that they can-
not be but numerous.

Francis Fosses, who wrote a Treatise of Arms in the reign of Richard II. of
England, and undertook in person a crusade to Jerusalem, gives us an account only
of twelve sorts of crosses. But Nichol Upton, who wrote sometime afterwards,
says, that there were so many sorts of crosses, that he durst not undertake to give
a description of them all. Neither can I promise to perform that task, which
would be both tedious and useless. 1 shall therefore here mention so many various
forms of crosses as are frequently to be met with in the armorial bearings of
Britain and France ; and if my reader be not satisfied with these, I recommend
him to Handle Holmes, his Academy of Armory, where he will find 132 various forms
of crosses.

For the better understanding of these forms, I divide them into accidental and
proper forms. By the first, I understand these which are communicable to the
other honourable ordinaries; as ing railie , nebule, indent e, &-c, of which before :
by proper ones, those which are peculiar only to the cross..

When the cross is under neither of these forms, it is by some said, in blazon, to
be plain ; Crux simplex fc? plana, by the Latins ; as that of England, argent, a plain
cross gules, fig. 26.

CROSBIE of that Ilk, an ancient family sometime with us, gave arms equivocally
relative to the name, or, a plain cross gules, as in Mackenzie's Heraldry. And
there also,

GUTHRIE of that Ilk, another ancient family, argent, a cross sable. : some books
make it azure, quartered with the arms of Cumin, azure, three garbs or. Esplin's
Book of Arms.

DAVID GUTHRIE of that Ilk was Comptroller to King James III. and Captain of
his Guards, and so designed as a witness in that King's charters, granted by him
to Thomas Boyd Earl oi Arran, and to his wife Mary Stewart the King's sister,
Davide Guthrey de eodem, nostrorum computorum rotulatore, and as a witness in
another charter of that King's to James Lord Hamilton, giving him licence and
power to recover lands out of the sea at Kinneil, and to build a castle there,
amongst the witnesses Davide de Guthrey de eodem Capitano nojlra Guarditf, which
are to be seen in the Earl of Haddington's Collections in the Lawyers' Library.

GUTHRIE of Liman, in place of the cross, carries a lion, as in Workman's Manu-
script, viz. quarterly, first and fourth or, a lion rampant gules, second and third
azure, three garbs or.

Sir HENRY GUTHRIE of Kingedwards, baronet, quarterly first and fourth or, a
lion rampant regardant gules, holding in the dexter paw a cross croslet fitched
azure, for Guthrie ; second and third azure, three garbs or, for Cumin ; crest, a.
lion's paw issuing out of the torce, grasping a twig of a palm tree, all proper ; sup-
porters, two naked men wreathed about the loins with bay leaves, proper : motto,.
Sto pro veritate. L. R.

THOMAS GUTHRIE, sometime provost of Forfar, descended of Guthrie of Halker-
ton, quarterly, first and fourth or, a lion rampant regardant gules, second and

OF THE CROSS, ur

third Cumin, all \vithin a bordure indented argent ; Cfl I ux^lct fitchcd

azure : motto, Ex uni'ntc increuientum. Lyon Register.

JAMES GUTHRIE of Carsbank, quarterly, first and fourth argent, a cross se.ble,
second and third, as before, Cumin, all within a bordure ingrailed gules : motto,
Pietas S3 frugal it as. Lyon Register.

The name of OSBORNE in England, quarterly, ermine nnd /-,

Sir THOMAS OSBORNE, son of Sir Edward Osborne, in right of his mother, OIK
the coheirs ot John Ncvil Lord Latimer, for adhering to the royal interest in or-
der to the restoration of King Charles II. was erected Viscount of Dumblane in
Scotland, and Baron of Kiveton, and Viscount of Latimer in England, 1673 ; and
in the year following, by the same King, Earl of Danby, and installed Knight
of the Garter. Afterwards, in the year 1689, he came to be Marquis of Carmar-
then, and in the year 1694, Duke of LEEDS. He carries, quarterly, ermine and
azure, a cross or, for his paternal bearing.

The ancient and honourable name of SINCLAIR, argent, a cross ingrailed j
of which more afterwards. Fig. 27. Plate V.

There is another accidental form, to which the other ordinaries are subject, but
especially the cross, which the English term rnguled or trunke d . As in the bearing
of the Lord SANDYS in England ; argent, a cross raguled sable, fig. 28. Plate V.
Guillim, in- his Blazons, uses the word trunked ; which term cannot relate here to
the body of the cross, or the trees which are supposed to compose it ; for trunked
or truncatum is said of a tree cut in two, and of the head of any animal couped,
i. e. cut clean off. But it seems he makes it relate to the slumps or knobs that re-
main of the branches cut oft, and so the nodi stint truncati. The word raguled seems
to be more proper, for which Camden, in his Blazons, makes use of the word
nodosa ; and Mr Gibbon blazons such a cross, Crucem nodis truncatis aspersam, mak-
ing the word trunked relate to the stumps of the branches. The French say ecote,
for any ordinary raguled. "Ecote" says Menestrier, " se dit des troncs &• branch*, s
" de bois dont les menues branches sont occupees." Sylvester Petra Sancta gives
us such another coat df arms, borne by the family of BERK.AE in Germany, which
he describes thus, Crux arbori simillima, qua; decisis 13 decussis ramalibus undique
asperatjir sabulo expifta, in arvo aurei mettalli, i. e. or, a cross raguled' sable : a St
Andrew's cross, thus knotted hath been the ancient sea standard of the Dukes of
Burgundy.

The cross is subject to be counter-changed, as fig. 29. quarterly, argent and
sable, a cross counter-changed of the same. Which blazon is given us by Gerard
Leigh, and latined by Mr Gibbon thus, Scutum argento S3 nigro quadripartitum,
cruce plana e didis coloribHS commutatis insignitum. The author of the Synopsis of
Heraldry gives us this figure cantoned with four escalops, borne by the name of
HOOK, in England, quarterly, argent and sable, a cross cantoned with four escalops,
all counter-changed.

Sir GEOR.GE MACKENZIE, in his Science of Heraldry, gives us such another bla-
zon of the arms of GLENDINNING of that Ilk, as fig. 30. quarterly, argent and
sable, a cross parted per cross indented, counter-changed of the second and first.
Mr Pont, in his Manuscript of Blazons, says, quarterly, argent and sable, across
indented of the one and the other ; as the French say for counter-changed de run
en Cautre. Of this family there have been several brave men, as our historians tell
vis, and particularly one Sir Simeon Glendinmng, who died fighting valiantly against
the English with the Earl of Douglas at the battle of Otterburn, in the year
1388.

The Cross is also subject to be voided, that is, when its middle part is cut out,
and the field appears through the middle in all its parts ; for which the Latins say,
Crux evacuata, as fig. 31. Plate V. azure, a cross or, waved and voided of the
field.

If the voiding be of another colour or metal than the field, the cross is then said
to be charged with another cross ; for which our English heralds have some need-
less terms, as sarcelled. and resarcelled ; which I industriously omit, being of no
use but to confuse the blazon, and amuse the reader.

When a cross is accompanied with figures, the English, in their blazons, use
the word betu'ixt or between, as frequently we do ; and sometimes we follow tha

H2 OF THE CROSS,

French, in saying, a cross cantoned with such figures. Cantoned is said of the
cross and saltier, when they are placed between figures, which appear between the
branches of the cross and saltier, in the cantons.

BANNATYNE of Corhouse, argent, a cross between four stars azure, as fig. 32.
Plate V. The French, d'argent a la croix cantone de qi.atre etoiles d\a-zur. The
Latins, In scuto argenteo crucem planam, ad quatuor scuti angulos singulis stellulis
if idem ccemleis- percinttam ; crest, a demi-griffin, holding in his right paw a swprd
upright, proper : motto, Nee cito nee tarde. L. R.

BANNATYNE of Newhall, as descended of Corhouse, argent, on a cross azure, be-
tween four mullets gules, a crescent or ; crest, a demi-griffin holding in its dexter
paw a sword, with the motto, Dum spiro spero. So matriculated in the Lyon
Register. Other ancient families of the surname of Bannatyne carry a cheveron
in place of the cross ; of whom afterwards.

When a cross is charged with any figure, we say of it, as of the other ordinaries,
on a cross : as Sir George Mackenzie in the blazon of the arms of the name of
SPALDING, or, on a cross azure, five cross croslets of the first. The first of the name
of Spalding with us was an Englishman, who assisted Sir Thomas Randolph, Earl
of Murray, in recovering the town of Berwick from the English, in the year 1318;
for which good services he got several lands in Scotland. I have seen a charter of
confirmation of Prince David's, eldest son of King Robert III. to Richard Spalding,
of the lands of Lumlethen and Craigaw, in the shire of Fife.

Crosses are sometimes pierced in the middle, so that the field is seen through
the same. When the piercing is round, it suffices to say, pierced or perforated,
as fig. 33. sable, a cross couped or, pierced of the field. If pierced after the form
of a lozenge, then they say, pierced Lozenge-ways ; when pierced after the form of
a square, it is mentioned in the blazon.

If the piercings be in any other part of the crosses but in the middle, then they
are not to be taken for piercings, but for charges.

Couped or aliece is said of a cross or saltier, when their extremities do not
touch the sides of the shield, but when there are more than one cross in the field,
they cannot but be couped, and then that term is not added in the blazon, more
than to other common charges, when they accompany the ordinaries.

Crosses, for the most part, are couped, because they have their proper forms in
their extremities : of which proper forms of crosses I shall now proceed to show
some examples.

Fig. 34. argent, a cross potent azure ; here the traverse is placed on the top of
the stem or paler part. Guillim says it may be called a cross crutchy, for the
resemblance it has to a crouch, which in old English was called potent. The
French call it potence, which signifies a crouch or a gibbet ; for which the Latins say,
crux patibulata.

THE name of BUTTER of old with us carried argent, a cross potent azure, be-
tween four men's hearts gules. Mr Pont, in his blazons of these arms, calls it a
cross batune, following Gerard Leigh ; the reason for its being so called, is from
its composition of two battons. But BUTTER, of Gormach has it a plain cross, as
in his blazon in the Lyon Register, viz. argent, a cross sable, between four men's
hearts proper ; crest, two hands issuing out of a cloud, drawing an arrow in a bow :
motto, Dirigct Deus.

Menestrier gives an example of cross patents in the arms of Chabeel Originaires dc
.Danphine, which he blazons " d'azur, a la Bande d'argent, charge de trois rocs
de sable, a Porle potences tournees d'argent brise d'un mullet d'argent a Tangle
senestre de 1'ecu," i. e. azure on a bend argent, betwixt two orles of cross potents
tournte, three chess rooks sable , and, for a mark of cadency, a mullet in the sinister
chief point of the last. These cross potents here are like T's, contrary to one ano-
ther, as the pieces of the furr, called potent counter -potent, the one opposite to the
other : of which before in the chapter of Furrs.

Fig. 35. Plate V. Potent counter-potent, is said of a cross, when its extremities
are terminate with short traverses; as Monsieur Baron says, Potence contre potence
si ces extremites en dedans en facon de I" contre T; as that cross in the arms of God-
frey of Boulogne King of Jerusalem, argent ; a cross potent counter-potent, can-
toned with four cross croslets or, Chiffletius blazons these arms thus, Crux pedata-

6M.1,

OF THE CROSS, isc. 115

•

or am scuti minimi- pcrtin^cns, ad quatuor scuti angulos singulis cruJbus itidc m aureis
pracincta in solo argenteo.

Sylvester Petra Sancta says, this cross of Hierusalem is made by the two initial
letters H I, of Hierusalem interlaced, and several antiquaries are of his opinion ;
but Menestrier is in the contrary opinion, and tells m, that the Syrian characters
H I could never form such a figure as the cross potent : And Favin, in hb Theatre
of Honour, will likewise have it to be a cross, and gives ui an ancient account of
it, that it was such an one as that on the gonfanoun or ensign of Jerusalem, that
George, abbot of Mount-Olivet in Jerusalem, and Felix, abbot in Bethlehem,
brought to Charlemagne in the year 792 ; which ensign was of white silk, and
upon it a red cross counter-potent, cantoned with four little crosses ; which five
crosses, says he, did represent our Saviour's five wounds. And afterwards when
Godfrey of Boulogne was made King of Jerusalem, he assumed these crosses for his
royal ensign, and turned them from the red colour, to the metal gold, in a silver
field, contrary to the practice in armories, to place metal upon metal, but was
done with the consent of the princes of Europe, that his arms might move the be-
holders jto enquire after them ; for which they have the special name through all
Europe of Anna inquircntla.

The King of Spam, and the Duke of Savoy as King of Cyprus, the Duke of
Loraine, and the Duke of Montserrate, as pretenders to the Kingdom of Jerusalem,
do all of them quarter the foresaid arms with their own.

Such a cross, says Randle Holmes, in his Academy of Armories, was carried by
those that were inrolled for the voyage to the Holy Land, about the year 1187,
and was sewed on the left side of their garments, right against the heart ; the
French wore it red, the English white, the Italians yellow, the Flemings green,
and the Germans black : Such a cross as this is carried for arms, for the Episcopal
See of Coventry and Litchfield in England, as fig i. Plate VI. parted per pale,
gules and argent, a cross potent counter-potent, quadrate in the centre, between
four crosses patee, all counter-changed of the same.

When the ens s potent, or any other cross, of whatsoever form, is made sharp in
the unde* part, it is then termed fitcbe or aiguise ; the Latins say, cruces in imo
spiculata or cuspidatee. The reason of having them so was from an old custom
which Christians then had, who carried, in their pilgrimages, little crosses, of what-
soever form they affected, sharp at the point, which they fixed in the ground be-
fore them, in their devotions ; so that we find many crosses in arms fitched, of
which there are two sorts, fitcbe from the middle or centre of the cross, as the
Latins say, quarum pars inferior ab ipso umbilico spiculata est ; the other fitcbe is
when the under part of the cross keeps its specific form, but has a point added to
it, then it is said to be thefeched at the foot ; the French, fitcbe en pied.

An example of the first is the bearing of ETHELRED, King of the West-Saxons,
who lived in the year 946, as English writers tell us, fig. 2. azure, a cross counter-
potent fitched or: Mr Gibbon blazons it thus, portal in scuto cyaneo crucem pati-
bulatam cujus pars ima ab ipso. scilicet crucis centra in spiculum prodit. Gules, a
cheveron argent, between ten cross patees argent, as fig. 3. Plate VI. This is ano-
ther specific form of a cross, which has its extremities ending broad, for which we
say patee ; the Latins say patula, or crux ad scapos patula ; Menestrier says, patee
des croix du les extremites se lagissent en forme cfestendue. Gules, a cross patee or,
borne by the name of Islip in England ; Gerard Leigh calls this a cross forme ;
such crosses are very frequent in armories, and adorn sovereigns' crowns, as those
of Scotland and England, of which afterwards. Camden tells us, in his Remains
of his History, page 180. at the title of armories, that one of the Lords BERKELEY
or BARCLAY (whose progenitor came to England with William the Conqueror, and
took the surname from the castle of Berkeley in Gloucestershire, and carried for
arms, gules, a cheveron argent) he took upon him the cross to the Holy War, in-
serted ten crosses patees argent, in his arms ; six of which accompanied the cheve-
ron in chief, and four in base, as fig. 3. Which family had a numerous issue ;
some of which came to Scotland, but the right male-line, it seems, of this family
failed in the reign of Henry II. and was represented by a daughter, Alice Berkeley
the heiress, who was married to Robert Fitzharding, a powerful man in those
times, whose descendants were called Berkeley-Hardings ; of whom is descended

n4 OF THE CROSS, tf 6-.

the present James Earl of Berkeley, who carries gules, a cheveron between ten
crosses patee (six above and four below) argent ; this family was honoured with
the title of Baron Berkeley, the 23d of June 1295, by Edward I. and with the title
of viscount and earl by King Charles II. the nth of September 1679.

There is another branch of this family in England, which was dignified by King
Charles II. the sgth of May, with the title of Baron Berkeley of Straton.

As for the branch of the old stem of Barclays that came to Scotland, in the
reign of King William, we have it mentioned by several English historions, as by
Julmond Howes, in his History of England page 153. where he says, that. amongst
the younger sons of the noblemen of England, that came to Scotland with King
William, after he had given security for his ransom, was one Barclay. We find
in King William's charters to the abbacy of Dunfermline, amongst the witnesses
are Walter de Barclay, and Robert de Barclay ; and in the reign of Alexander II.
Malcolm Earl of Angus, married the daughter of Sir Humphry Barclay, as in the
Register of Arbroath, in a charter granted by Malcolm Earl of Fife, (who lived in
the reign of Alexander III.) to Andrew de Swinton, Roger de Barclay is a witness ;
Hugh Barclay obtains a charter from King Robert the Bruce, the i8th year of his
reign, of the lands of Upper and Nether-Westerton, to himself and his wife
Helen, as in the Registers of Melrose, page 48. And, in the same Register, page
62. Walter Barclay Miles, sheriff of Aberdeen, is so designed in a charter of King
Robert the Bruce to that town : I have seen his seal of arms affixed to evidences,
too long here to insert, which was the same with the Lord Berkeley's arms in
England, having a cheveron accompanied with ten cross patees. And Sir James
Balfour, in his Manuscript of Blazons, says, the surname of Barclay with us, in the
year 1247, carried gules, a cheveron between ten crosses patees argent, six in chief,
and four in base.

I am not to give a deduction of the descents of the families of the name of
BARCLAY with us, which I leave to our genealogists, and shall only mention some
of the families of this name, with their blazons at the end of this chapter, as 1
find them in our old and modern books of blazons ; but to proceed to the crosses.

The cross patee is sometimes carried fitched at the foot, and sometimes fitched
from the middle ; for an example of the first, I give here thut as given us by the
English, fig. 6. Plate VI. The arms of EDMOND IRONSIDE, King of England, or,
a cross patee fitched at the foot azure ; thus latined by Mr Gibbon, in parmula
aurea crucem cceruleam ad quatuor ejus extremitates patulam, \3 ejusdem ima pars est
ad pedem cuspidata ; the same arms are given by the English to CADWALLADER,
last King of the Britons ; but Mr Holmes, in his Academy of Armories, gives tin
following blazon to him, as fig. 4. Plate VI. azure, a cross patee fitched argent,

This cross, as others, may be used sometimes of two tinctures ; the Canons re-
gular of the holy cross, the chief of whom is at Huy in the country of Liege,
carries, in a round shield, a cross patee, whereof the stem (or paler part) is gules,
and the traverse argent ; they use it on a black scapular.

The Trinitarians of the Redemption of Captives, carry argent, a cross patee,
whereof the stem is gules, and the traverse argent ; the reformed of that Order in
France carries the same, but surround it with a bordure of France, and those of
Spain with a bordure of Castile, as Menestrier observes.

Fig. 5. Plate VI. Or, a cross patee azure, fimbriated (or bordured) gules, borne
by the name of Fombrial, says Holmes. This cannot be said to be voided, because
the field does not appear in voiding, nor to be a cross charged with another, be-
cause of colour upon colour ; therefore it is called by the English, a cross fimbriat-
ed, that is, edged with another colour. Bara and Sir John Feme call it a cross
resarcelce, which signifies to edge or hem ; if a voidure of the field appear between
the cross and the edging, it may be then called a cross cottised ; the Knights of
St Mary the Glorious, in Italy, carried for their badge, a cross patee purpure, fim-
briated or.

Fig. 7. The cross Tau, or cross of St Anthony, because that saint is always re-
presented in paintings with this cross on his shoulder ; and the Emperor Maxi-
milian permitted those of the Order of St Anthony, to place on the breast of the
Imperial eagle, which he granted to them as their arms, being an escutcheon or.

OF THE CROSS,

charged with a crass Tau azure. This cross is always represented patutus, and i ,
almost the same with the cross potent, or potence, and so blazoned by Favin.

Fig. 8. Plate VI. This is called a cross of eight prints ; and now commonly thr-
cross of Malta. It \vas worn by the Knights of the Order of Hospitallers of St
John Baptist in Jerusalem; which Order was institute by King Baldwin 1104;
they carried a white cross of eight points upon their red cassocks ; and after these
Knights were expelled Jerusalem and Rhodes, they betook themselves to the Island
of Malta, in the year 1520, where they reside; from which place this Order and
cross have now the name of the Order and cross of Malta. The cross, which hangs
at the collar of the Order of the Holy Ghost in France, is after that form.

Monsieur Baron says, a cross may have its extremities ending in eight, twelve,
or sixteen points, and gives us for example, the arms of Meline in France, d'azur
a la croix d seize points de argent, i. e. azure, a cross of sixteen points argent.

Fig. 9. Cross anchorie is when its extremities turn back, like the velocks of an
anchor ; " ancre" says Monsieur Baron, " convient aux croix &. aux sautoirs, lors-
" que leurs extremites sont termines en double points recubees en facon d'ancre ;"
and gives for example the arms of Aubusson de la Feuillade, d'or, une croix ancree de
gueules, i. e. or, a cross anchor gules : In Latin, refert in scuto aureo anchoratam
cruccm cocclneam. The Knights of the Order of St Saviour in Arragon, institute
by Alphonso King of Spain, in the year 1118, have, for their badge, a red cross
anchorie in a white field; the English ordinarily call this cross, a cross moline;
whereas the cross moline is always pierced in the middle, as by the following
figure.

The cross moline is much after the form of the cross anchorie, but always
pierced, square or circular in the middle, fig. 10. it represents the mill-rind, or the
ink of the mill ; the Latins say, crux molendinaris, er for rum molendinarium ; and
the French call it amillee, ou fer de moulin. Boswell, in his Book of Heraldry,
intitled the Armories of Honour, says, the cross moline is after the form of an iron
instrument, fixed in the nether-stone of a mill, which beareth and guideth the
upper-millstone equally in its course, and is a fit bearing for judges and magi-
strates, who should carry themselves equally to every man in giving justice ; and
Menestrier says, in arms, it is a mark of superiority and jurisdiction of a baron,
that has tenants and vassals thirled and bound to their mills : For of old none but
barons had right to erect mills, and by some it is carried as relative to their names,
as Milne and Miller.

The shape of this cross moline varies a little, according to the fashion of the
countries ; sometimes given thus, as fig. 10. by Menestrier, in his La Science de la
Noblesse, borne by the family of Montfort in the Low -Country of Gueldres, argent,
a trois annelles de gueules.

The surname of COLVIL, with us, argent, a cross moline sable, fig. 10. By our
painters and engravers it is often represented not perforate, which it should be,
and is so expressed in old books of blazons, as in those of Sir James Balfour,
COLVIL of Ochiltree, argent, a cross moline sable , square pierced of the field.

As for the antiquity of this name, I find Philippus de Colvil a witness in a charter
of King William the Lion, Randulpho Rupho Kinaird, penes Dominum de Kinaird.
And in another charter (in the custody of Lauder of Fountainhall) granted by
Robert Lauder, Miles Dominus tie ^uarrclwood, of some lands in Lauder, to Thomas
Borthwick, in the reign of Alexander III. IWllielmus de Colvil is a witness. And
another William de Colvil gets a charter from King Robert I. of half the lands of
Whitsom, in the shire of Berwick, in rotula Robert I. And King David II. gave
a charter to Robert Colvil of the barony of Ochiltree. Richard Colvil of Ochil-
tree was slain by the Earl of Douglas for killing John Affleck of that Ilk, in the
year 1449.

Sir William of Ochiltree, in the beginning of the reign of King James IV. died
without issue-male, leaving two daughters. Robert Colvil of Hilton, whether as
heir-male, or otherwise, I know not, acquired the barony of Ochiltree. He wa^
Director of the Chancery in the reign of King James IV. with whom he lost his
life at Flodden. He was succeeded by his son Sir James Colvil of Ochiltree, who
was also Director of the Chancery in King James V.'s time. He excambed the
lands of Ochiltree with Sir James Hamilton, natural son to the Earl of Arran,

OF THE CROSS,

for the lands af Easter- Wemyss in Fife, in the year 1530; and was afterwards
designed, in writs, Sir James Colvil of Easter- Wemyss, Comptroller and Director
of the Chancery. His grandchild, Sir James Colvil, a famous soldier in the wars
of Henry, King of Navarre, against the Leaguers in France, upon his return home,
was advanced to the dignity of a Lord of Parliament by King James VI. the 25111
April 1604, and was styled Lord Colvil of Culross : The honour ended in his grand-
son Robert.

ROBERT COLVIL, son of Sir James Colvil of Easter- Wemyss, got from his father
the lands of Cleish, in Kinrosshire, whence he and his descendants were designed
of Cleish, till they were raised to the honour of peerage in the person of Robert
Colvil of Cleish, by King Charles II. with the title of Lord Colvil of Ochiltree, as
by letters patent, 4th of January 1651 ; but he dying without issue, his estate and
honours devolved on Robert Colvil his nephew, father of the present Lord Colvil,
who carries, quarterly, I and 4 argent, a cross moline sable, for Colvil ; 2 and 3
gules, a fesse cheque, argent and azure, for Lindsay, supported on the dexter by a
rhinoceros, proper, and on the sinister by a Hercules, clothed with a lion's skin,
with a club in his hand ; crest, a hind's head couped argent : motto, Oublier ne
puis.

Sir ALEXANDER COLVIL of Blair, son to Mr Alexander Colvil of Blair, sometime
Justice-Depute, son to Alexander Colvil, Commendator of Culross, second son to Sir
James Colvil of Hilton and Tullicoultry, uncle to the Lord Colvil of Culross, the
great soldier, as in the Lyon Register, carries the above quartered arms writhin a
bordure, quarterly, gules and Argent ; and for crest, a hind's head couped, proper ;
with the motto, Non obliviscar : And there also are the arms of one Matthew
Colvil, writer in Edinburgh, third son to William Colvil of Leffnissick, lineally
descended of Colvil of Ochiltree, argent, a cross moline sable, with a mulkt for
difference ; crest, a Hercules from the middle, clothed with' a lion's skin, holding
in his hand a batton : motto, Oublier ne puis.

As for other families carrying cross molines, I shall speak to them and their
arms in the end of this chapter.

The English not only give us a cross moline perforated in the centre, which then
they call cross fer de moline, but also a cross, moline, altogether voided, Plate VI.
fig. 12. which some of them call a cross cercelee, and Morgan a cross resarcelee ;
and Guillim, a cross moline voided throughout, as in the arms of KNO-LLES Earl of
BANBURY, azure, seme of cross croslets, a cross moline or, voided throughout of
the field ; and VERNY Lord WILLOUGHBY de BROKE, gules, three crosses resarcelee
voided or, a chief vair, ermine and ermines.

Fig. 13. Plate VI. This is commonly called the cross of passion, by some the
long cross ; it has a long stem or paler part, and a short traverse near the top, such
an one was that which our Saviour suffered on, and for which it is jailed the cross
of passion.

The surname of MANSON, with us, carries such a cross between two stars ; the
same was on a piece of household-work, belonging to Joseph Manson, carpenter to-
Queen Mary and King James VI.

Fig. 14. The cross of Calvary is the same with the cross of passion, set on three
steps or degrees, which are said to represent, Faith, Hope, and Charity. The
family of BOFFINES, in Dauphine, carries this cross, because one of the progenitors-
of that family built the Calvary at Rome, after the form of that at Jerusalem ; as
Menestrier says.

Fig. 15. Plate VI. The cross patriarchal has its paler part crossed with two
traverses, the uppermost not so long as that which is below it ; which two tra-
verses denote the work of redemption to the Jews and Gentiles. The Patriarch of
Jerusalem had for his ensign, argent, a cross patriarchal, cantoned with four stars
gules ; and the Patriarch of Constantinople had such another of gold, in a blue
field, t>etwixt two stars in chief, and a crescent in base argent ; as Favin in his.
Theatre of Honour. This cross is also called by some, the cross of Lorame, as
Monsieur Baron in his Blazon of the Arms of MENTES in France, d 'argent, a la,
croix de Loraine de sable.

The Pope's cross staff differs from that of the patriarch's, in having three tra-
verses.

01 THE CROSS, £&..

Fig 16. Crass croslet has its extremities ending in little crosses, called by th«
French mi.\ recrohee. Sylvester Pctra Sancta says, " Si autein ad scapos ejus
" fuerint repetiLnc cruces fit crux recrusciata;" which figure is frequently borne in
Britain, but more especially when iltchsd, of which immediately.

The name of TULLOCH, or, on a fesse between three cross croslcti gules, as many
crescents argent.

RICH Earl of WARWICK, and HOLLAND, gules, a chevernn betwixt three cross
croslets or.

Fig. 17. Cross, croslet fitcbed is when the undermost part of the cross is sharp;
by the French, fitche. The Latins say, crux brucbatu in imo spiculata, frequently
carried with us and the English. The ancient and honourable family of MARK
Earls of MARR, had for their armorial ensign, azure, a bend betwixt six cross cros-
lets ftcbe or; of which family afterwards with others.

Plate VI. fig. 1 8. The cross furcbee, crux fur cata, has its extremities forked; but
since they are blunt or obtuse., says Mr Gibbon, -it may be better latined, crucem
obtusis tcrminis fur cat am. Sir George Mackenzie gives us the form of this cross,
and says, he has not found it used in Scots bearings ; neither have I met with its
practice with us, if that figure in the Cunningham's arms be not a part of it, as
some will ; of which afterwards.

Plate VI. fig. 19. The cross bottony, that is, says Gerard Leigh, a cross budded ;
because its extremities end in buds of flowers : The French call it croix treflee, be-
cause its extremities end in trefoils. In the little book called The Art of Herald-
ry, the arms of Sir Ralph Winwood, Principal Secretary of State to King
James VII. argent, a cross bottony sable : And Baron gives us the arms of Caudon
m France, de gueules, a la croix treflee cCor.

Fig. 20. Plate VI. Cross pome ttee or pomee, which comes from the French word
pome, an apple ; some call it a cross pomel/e, because its extremities end in a round
knob, or globe, like an apple, or the pommel of a sword : Peacham, in his Piece of
Heraldry, calls this a cross bourdonnee, as if it were made of pilgrims' staffs, which
use to have a round ball at the top. The name of POWMALE, in England, argent,
a cross pomele sable. As Holmes in his Academy of Armories.

Fig. 21. plate VI. Cross clecbee, its parts are like the handle or bowl of a key,
voided and terminated with globes. " Cleche," says Menestrier, " se dit de^
44 arrondis-semens de la croix de Toulouse dont les quatre extremites sont faites.cornme
44 les anneaux des clefs." It is said, that Torsin, who was put into possession of
the country of Toulouse by Charles the Great of France, had such a cross, which
became afterwards the ensign of the Counts of Toulouse, viz. gules, a cross clecbe
voided and pomettet or. Rene, the last Count of that country, who married Jean,
only daughter to Alphonso, brother to St Lewis, King of France, died without
issue ; and that country was annexed to the kingdom of France, in the year 1261.
Menestrier gives us another cross of the same, born by the family of Venasques,
(fazur, a la croix vuidee et pomettee d'or.

Fig. 22. Cross Jteur-de-lissee, by some called flcurcttee, has its extremities end-
ing in a flower of three leaves, or flower-de-luces, with a purfle, or line between
them and the ends of the cross. Mr Gibbon describes it thus, " Crucem ad sin-
" gulos ejus terminos (filo linea instita mediante) tria lilia folia apponuntur." Ge-
rard Leigh says, such a cross, which he calls furtie, was carried by Edwin, the first
Christian King of Northumberland. The family of Villikier in France, azure,
a cross flower-de-lucy, cantoned with twelve billets or. Holmes calls this a cross
potence fiurt, and says, the name of Holmshaw carries such a cross sable, in a field
argent.

Fig. 23. This is called a cross-fory or Jleury; it is like the former cross, with-
out the purfle or line betwixt the ends of the cross and the flower. Mr Gibbon
describes it. " Crucem in liliorum folia (nulla linea sen filo interposito) desinen-
" tern :" others call it crucem forid/im. Gerard Leigh calls it cross formee Jleury,
and says, that Egebert King of England carried such a cross of gold in a blue
field.

FLETCHER of SALTON, sable, a cross flory between four escalops argent, which
blazon is matriculated in the New Register: and for crest, a demi-blood-hound

Ii8 OF THE CROSS,

awe, langued gules, cellared with a ducal crown, or; supporters, two griffins pro-
per ; with the motto, Dicu pour nous.

Sir ANDREW FLETCHER of Innerpeffer, an eminent Lawyer, and one of the Se-
nators of the College of Justice, purchased the lands of Salton in East Lothian,
from Alexander Lord Abernethy 1638, of whom the present Henry Fletcher of
Salton is descended.

Sir ANDREW FLETCHER of Aberlady, a brother of Salton, carries the foresaid
arms within a bordure ingrailed argent, for his difference ; and for crest, a demi-
lion azure, holding, in his dexter paxv, a cross croslet fitched or ; with the motto,
Yortis in arduis. In the Lyon Register.

FLETCHER of Maugan, in the county of Cornwall in England, carries ermine, a
:ross moline sable, as in Morgan's Heraldry.

When the cross-flory is like to a cross patee, turning broad at the extremities,
which are cut out like a flower, it is termed by the English cross patonce: purpure,
.i cross patonce argent, said by Mr Holmes to be the coat of Boniface, the forty-
sixth archbishop of Canterbury.

Fig. 24. plate VI. This is called a cross gringolee or guivree ; which is said of
crosses, saltiers, and other figures whose extremities end with heads of serpents j
guivris signifing a viper or serpent. The arms of Kaer in France gules, a cross
ermine, guivree (or gringolee^) or. Such crosses with the English are called crosses
mtserated by Mr Holmes, who tells us, that when a cross ends with lions; talbots,
eagles, and several sorts of other heads, it may be blazoned a cross patee, adorned
with lions or eagles heads ; and that some blazon them leonced when with lions',
aquilated when with eagles' heads, and pavonated when with peacocks' heads ; and
so forth of any other figures that end the cross ; as crosses annulated, crescenfed,
&c. which end with annulets and crescents.

Fig. 25. Cross avellane, crux avellana, is made up of four filbert, or hazle-nuts :
Crosses after this form top the monds of kings and emperors, and are ensigns of
sovereignty and majesty when so placed.

When any natural figures are situate after the position of the cross, they are
said to compose a cross or in cross ; as argent, a cross of four queves ermine, or mou-
chetures ermine, being the tips of the tails of the beasts ermine, situate after the
form of a cross, borne by the name of Hurleston of Picton, in Cheshire.

Favin, in his Theatre of Honour, gives arms to the knights and brethren of the
Inquisition and militia, instituted by S. Dominick, in the 1206, to fight against the
Albigenses, which he thus blazons, as fig. 29. Girone de bail pieces, d' argent et de
table, et sur celui, une croix de lizee, parti de Vun en V outre meme, a la bordure compons
de huit pieces de meme de sable et d 'argent, a butt etoiles de run en Yautre, et huit be-
sants torteaux pariellement parti d? argent et de sable ; which is, parti, coupe, tranche,
faille, (or girony of eight pieces) argent and sable, four fiower-de-luces placed in
cross within a bordure of the same partitions charged with eight stars, and as many
besants torteaux, all counter-charged of the foresaid tinctures.

When figures are situate after the form of a cross, the cross takes its name from
them, and a cross, made up of lozenges so situate, is called a cross lozengee, or we
may say also in cross ; as before of figures after the situation of other ordinaries,
as in pale, in fcsse, bend, and bar ; and so much for crosses. Now I proceed to
add the blazons of several families in Britain who carry such crosses as I have de-
scribed.

The surname of LETHEM, with us, gules, a cross ermine* Balfour's Manuscript.
And there also,

The surname of TAYRIE, gules, a cross vert. John Tayrie, burgess in Perth,
mortifies several lands in that town to the church of Perth, the 2oth of August
1511, and amongst the witnesses to that mortification, there is one Robert Tayrie
burgess and bailie of Perth.

MOHUN Lord MOHUN, or, a cross ingrailed sable ; this family was dignified with
the title of Lord, the I5th of April 1628, by King Charles I.

RAYNSFORD of Dallington, argent, a cross sable.

The name of HUSSEY in England, or, a cross vert : and there the name of
ARCHER, ermine, a cross sable.

The honourable name of SINCLAIR, originally from the name of St GLAIR, in
France, has been very eminent in Scotland, and carry for their paternal arms,

OF THE CROSS, tfc.

argent, a cross ingrailcd sable. William Sinclair miles, is so designed in a (Jmrtcr,
that he got from King Alexander, of the lands of Roslin, penes Dominion de R^s-
line. His son Sir William Sinclair of Roslin or Rowland, in the reign of Alexander
III. was Sheriff of Edinburgh, and afterwards one of the arbitrators betwixt
Bruce and the Baliol. He and his son Henry Sinclair swore allegiance to Edward
the I. of England,, as in Prynne's Collect, page 301. And there one Gregory Sin-
clair, with the gentry of the shirr, of Berwick, is said to have sworn also allegiai,
he is thought to be the brother of the lust Henry, and the first of the family of
Sinclair of Longformacus, in the shire of Berwick, upon the account he is record-
ed with the gentry of that shire, where his land lay, by Prynne : and also on account
of his relation, mentioned in Henry Sinclair Earl of Orkney's charter ; of which
afterwards.

Sir WILLIAM SINCLAIR, son of Henry Baron of ROSLIN, is one of the subscribers
of the famous Letter by the nobility of Scotland to the Pope, in the reign of Ro-
bert the Bruce. His son Henry, Baron of Roslin, says Torpheus in his Hist, page
174, was made Earl of Orkney, by Haco King of the Norwegians : and he is de-
signed in evidents, Henricus tie Sancto Claro Comes de Orcaden, 13 Dominus de Rosselyn ;
and also in that obligation granted by him. to Sir James Sinclair of Longformacus,
his cousin, whereby the earl is obliged to give him a twenty merk, land, dated at
Roslin the 22d of June 1384. His son Henry Earl of Orkney, Lord Sinclair and
Nithsdale, married Giles Douglas, daughter and sole heiress of William, Earl of
Nithsdale, and Giles, daughter of King Robert II. He was governor to James,
Prince of Scotland, when Robert the III. his father sent him to France; and they
vYere both taken at sea by the English : his armorial bearing, as in Sir James Bal-
four's blazons, quarterly, first and fourth azure, a ship within a double tressure,
counter-flowered or; second and third argent, a cross ingrailed sable. His son Wil-
liam Sinclair Earl of Orkney, built the chapel of Roslin, and was chancellor of
Scotland in the reign of King James II. and by that King was made Earl of
Caithness, after the death of John Crichton Earl of Caithness, who had no is-
sue; and got a charter of that Earldom, in compensation of the Earldom of Niths-
dale, which he had in right of his mother; which right he renounces in favour of
the king as the charter bears, dated at Perth, the last day of April 1456. This
Earl had a great estate, and took upon him a great many lofty titles; he was
twice married, first to Margaret Douglas, daughter of Archibald Earl of Doug-
las, Duke of Touraine in France ; and secondly, to Marjory Sutherland, daugh-
ter to Alexander, Master of Sutherland, and had issue of both. He was for-
feited by taking part with Alexander Duke of Albany, (who married his daugh-
ter), and with the Earl of Douglas, (whose daughter he married), in their trea-
sonable designs, and for fortifying his castle of Crichton against King James
III. Yet the King was so good as to restore to his children (if not all) at least the
better part of his estate. By his first lady, Margaret Douglas, he had a son William
Sinclair of Newburgh, Dysart and Ravensheugh, of whom is descended the present
Lord Sinclair : and by his second lady, Marjory Sutherland, daughter to Alexan-
der Master of Sutherland, who died before his father, John Earl of Sutherland, he
had several sons and daughters ; the eldest, Oliver, Laird of Roslin ; the second,
William, was created Earl of Caithness. To clear the seniority of these sons, I
have seen a contract of the date, the pth of February 1481, betwixt William Sin-
clair, son and heir of the deceased William, Earl of Orkney, Lord Sinclair and
7,etland, and Henry Sinclair, son and apparent heir of the said William Sinclair
on the one part, and Sir Oliver Sinclair of Roslin on the other part ; whereby,
the said Sir Oliver freely resigns and gives over to the said William and his son,
and apparent heir Henry, the lands of Causland, Dysatt, and Ravensheugh, with
the castles ; and obliges himself to deliver all rights and evidences of these lands,
that may be profitable to his elder brother William, not being prejudicial to him-
self and other lands, nor to his younger brother William ; and on the other part,
William and his son Henry renounces all the right to the barony of Ros^in, Pent-
land-muir, &c, in favours of Oliver and his heirs : and the same Oliver obliges
himself, that he shall, in time coming, do worship and honour to the said William,
as accords him to do to his elder brother ; and if it happen any plea or debate to
be betwixt the said William and his younger brother for the earldom of Caithness,
the said Sir Oliver shall stand evenly and neuter betwixt them, as he should do

S20 OF THE CROSS, fc?c..

betwixt his brothers, and take no partial part with either of them. The seals ap-
pended to this contract were those of the archbishop of St Andrews, Andrew
Stewart Lord Evandale, Chancellor of Scotland, and of Colin Earl of Argyle,
whose seal was, girony of eight, but not quartered with the coat of Lorn. The
seal of William Sinclair was, quarterly, first and fourth, a ship with sails furled up,
within a double tressure counter-flowered; second and third, a ship under sail:
over all by way of surtout, an escutcheon with a cross ingrailed. And the seal of
Sir Oliver had only a cross ingrailed; and of late the same arms are matriculated in
the Lyon Register, with this crest and motto, a dove proper, with the word Credo.

This WILLIAM SINCLAIR of Ravensheugh had, with his lady, Isabel Leslie,
daughter to George Earl of Rothes, the forementioned son, Henry Sinclair, who
succeeded his father; he married Jean Hepburn, daughter to Lord Hales, and was
created a Lord of Parliament by King James IV. and in that king's first parliament,
the 1 4th of January 1489, is declared chief of that name, as grandchild to Wil-
liam Earl of Orkney, and, in all time coming, to be called Lord Sinclair ; he rati-
fies the contract abovementioned of his father's, with Sir Oliver Sinclair, the 6th of
June 1493, where he is designed a noble Lord, Henry Lord Sinclair. From him
was lineally descended John Lord Sinclair, who married a daughter of the Earl of
Wemyss, and with her had only one daughter, Katharine his heir ; she married
John Sinclair of Hermiston, and had to him a son, Henry, the present Lord Sin-
clair, and heir of Hermiston, in right of his father.

The Lords SINCLAIRS* family have been constantly in use to carry the arms of
the Earldom of Orkney, upon the account of pretension, or to show their descent
from the old Earls of Orkney, quarterly, first and fourth azure ; a ship at anchor,
her oars erected in saltier, within a double tressure counter-flowered or ; second
and third azure, a ship under sail or, over all an escutcheon argent, charged with a
cross ingrailed sable, for Sinclair ; which arms, as in our books of blazons, are
adorned with exterior ornaments, crown, helmet, and mantlings, befitting their
quality, and, on a wreath, or and azure; and for crest, a swan with wings expand-
ed, proper, gorged with a collar and chain thereto affixed, reflexing over its back or,
as in Mr Font's book ; (but Esplin, in his Illuminated Book, gives for crest, a
griffin's head) supported by two griffins proper, armed or ; with the motto,
Fight.

WILLIAM SINCLAIR, younger son of William Earl of Orkney, Lord Sinclair and
Zetland, by his second wife, Marjory Sutherland, beforementioned, was created
Earl of Caithness, by King James HI. I have seen a charter of this Earl Wil-
liam's, dated at Edinburgh the 3d of December 1498, who, with the consent of
his brothers and sisters, dispones the lands of Swinburgh, in the lordship of Zet-
land, to which all their seals were appended entire, with their proper differences :
of which I shall speak in the chapter of Marks of Cadency, and only here describe
the seal of William, Earl of Caithness, as it was appended ; upon which was a
shield conchy, and quartered, first and fourth, a ship under sail ; second and third,
3. lion rampant, and over all, dividing the quarters, a cross ingrailed ; the shield
was timbred with a helmet, ensigned with a flower-de-luce for crest ; supported on
the dexter by a griffin, and on the sinister by a lion, and the legend round the seal,
Sig. Willielmii Comitis Cathanitt.

In other Books, the arms of the Earl of Caithness are otherwise blazoned and il-
luminated ; in Mr Font's they are, quarterly, first azure, a ship at anchor within a
double tressure counter-flowered or, for the title of Orkney ; second or, a lion
rampant gules , which he takes for the name of Spar ; the third and second, and
the fourth azure, a ship under sail or, for Caithness, and over all a cross ingrailed
and interchanged, argent and sable for the name of Sinclair; which arms was tim-
bred with a coronet and helmet, with a wreath argent and sable, ensigned with
a cock, proper ; with the motto, Commit thy ivork to God : supporters, two griffins
proper, armed and beaked or. But James Esplin, Marchmont Herald, gives these
arms otherwise illuminated in his book, viz. quarterly, first and fourth azure, a
ship at anchor or ; second and third argent, a lion rampant gules, over all, divid-
ing the quarters, a cross ingrailed sable, supported on the dexter by a griffin, pro-
per, and, the sinister by a mermaid combing her head, proper ; and for crest a de-
mi-bear issuing out of a coronet > with the foresaid motto. Sir George Mackenzie,

OF THE CROSS, ^t. t2z

in his Science of Heraldry, gives them thus ; quarter]; , a ship at an-

c hor, her oars erected in saltier within a double tie, sure, cuiimer-iio\vered or, by the

name of Spar; second and third or, a lion rampant Cult's, by the name of

fourth figure, a ship under sail or, (by some argent) by the title of Caithness; over
all, dividing the coats, a cross ingnuled sable, by the name of St Clair.

SINCLAIR of Herdmanston in Kast Lothian, another ancient family, has a char-
ter of these lands from Richard de MofevilU Corutabulariiu. Rt-gis SfStorvm, grant
ed to Hcnrico de Sancto Claro, in tl-.e year 1162, (Sir James Dalryinplr', i.
tions, page 432;) and William de Sa;>i:to Claro di- Hcrmuruton, miles, ob; iiar

ter from King Robert 1. of the barony of Cr>,s with, _/</<•.•,•//.•/(/ servitiitmqutituor arcbi-
tenentium in exercitu regis. John Sinclair of Heulmanston, upon Im r'^igiutiun ol"
these lands in the hands of King James IV. obtains a new charter of the land
Herdmanston and Carfrae, in the shire of Berwick; a>, ai ,o of the lands of Pencait-
land which were fallen in the king's hands by the non-entry of John Lord Maxwell,
the 3d of March 1504. The Sinckiirs of Herdmanston carried arsreiit, a cross in-
grailed azure. Whether the family of Roslm, or that of Herdmanston be the eld-
est family, I shall not take upon me to determine ; but these of the first very far
surpassed the last, and most other families \vithin the kingdom, in grandeur and
wealth ; but now both these ancient families are centred in the person of Henry,
now Lord Sinclair, grandchild and heir to Henry the last Lord Sinclair ; who, by
his mother, the heiress, and by his father, John Sinclair, is undoubted representa-
tive of the Sinclairs of Roslin and Herdmanston.

Sir ROBERT SINCLAIR of Longformacus, Baronet, quarterly, first and fourth
argent, a cross ingrailed gules, for Sinclair ; second and third argent, on a bend

/(?, three stars of the first, for Towers of Innerleith ; crest, a cock with open
bill, and wings expanded, proper, having a chain about his neck, and brock or ;
with the motto, Vincula temiw. L. R. See the Plate of Achievements.

This family appears, by their evidents, which I have seen, to be the oldest
branch of the Sinclairs of Roslin : And it is thought, as I observed before in the
account of the family of Roslin, that one Gregory Sinclair, who swore allegiance
to Edward I. of England, was brother of Henry Baron of Roslin, and first of the
family of Longformacus, in the shire of Berwick. However, it is certain, that the
Sinclairs possessed the lands of Longformacus, as soon, if not before the Sinclairs
of Roslin were dignified with the title of Earl of Orkney, and Baron of Roslin ;
for I have presently in my hands, an evident, whereby Henry, the first Earl of
Orkney, obliges himself to infeft his beloved cousin Sir James Sinclair, Baron of
Longformacus, in a twenty merkland. The words of the obligation are, " Uni-
" versis patent, &c. Nos Henricum de Sancto Claro, Comitem Orcadiae, &. Domi-
' num de Roslyn, teneri firmiter, &. fideliter obligari carissimo consanguineo
" nostro, Jacobo de Sancto Claro, Domino de Longfurdmakhuse," &c. Which
evident is dated at Roslin, the 22d of June 1384. The witnesses are, Thomas
Erskine of Dun, George Abernethy of Soulston, Walter Halyburton of that Ilk,
and John Halyburton of Dirleton. Afterwards, James Sinclair of Longformacus,
son of James Sinclair of Longformacus, obtains a charter from Henry Earl of
Orkney, Lord Sinclair and Nithsdale, of twenty merks yearly, to be uplifted out
of the lands of Leny, dated at Roslin loth February 1418. When and how they
came to the lands of Longformacus, 1 cannot be positive ; but, for certain, they
had these lands in the reign of Robert II. from the Earl of March. I see a charter
of King Robert III. in the fourth year of his reiyn, Confirming a charter of George
Dunbar Earl of March, granted to James Sinclair of Longformacus, of the same lands,
lying within the Earldom of March, and sheriffdom of Berwick. From this same
James Sinclair was lineally descended James Sinclair, eldest son and apparent heir
to David Sinclair of Longformacus ; who, upon his father's resignation, obtains a
new charter of the barony of Longformacus, from Alexander Duke of Albany,
Earl of March, Lord Annandale, and the Isle of Man, dated at the castle of Dun-
bar, i2th of October 1472, (which evidents are in the custody of the present
Longformacus.^) From the above James, last mentioned, was descended Sir Ro-
bert Sinclair ot Longformacus, baronet, an eminent lawyer, who married Elizabeth,
daughter and heir of Douglas of Blackerston, in the Merse ; by whom he had a
son and successor, Sir John. And, secondly, he married Margaret Alexander,

OF THE CROSS,

daughter to William Lord Alexander, eldest son of the Earl of Stirling : She bars
to him two daughters ; the eldest was married to John, Master of Bargeny, and the
other to Sir John Swinton of that Ilk.

Sir JOHN SINCLAIR of Longformacus married Jean Towers, only daughter and
heiress of Sir John Towers of Innerleith, who bare to him the present Sir Robert
Sinclair of Longformacus, baronet ; who quartered his mother's arms with his own,
as above blazoned.

Sir ROBERT SINCLAIR of Stevenston, descended of a second son of Longforma-
cus, argent, on a cross ingrailed gules, five bezants or.

SINCLAIR of Blanse, quarterly, first and fourth, the same with Herdmanston ;
second and third or, three martlets gules, as in Font's MSS.

JAMES SINCLAIR of Freswick, eldest son of a second marriage of Sinclair of
Rattar, whose grandfather was a third brother of the Earl of Caithness, quarterly,
first azure, a ship at anchor, with oars in saltier, within a double tressure counter-
flowered or ; second, or, a lion rampant gules ; third as the second, and the fourth
Azure, a ship under sail or ; and, over all, dividing the quarters, a cross ingrailed
sable, all within a bordure cheque, or and gules ; crest, a cross patee within a
circle of stars argent : motto, Via crucis, via lucis. N. R.

WILLIAM SINCLAIR of Dumbaith, descended of the Earl of Caithness, quarterly,
first azure, a ship at anchor, her oars in saltier, within a double tressure counter-
flowered or ; second and third or, a lion rampant gules ; fourth azure, a ship under
sail or ; and over all, dividing the quarters, a cross ingrailed sable , all within a
bordure cheque, or and gules ; crest, a cross pattee within a circle of stars argent :
motto, Via crucis, via lucis. Ibid.

WILLIAM SINCLAIR of Dumbaith, descended of the Earl of Caithness, quarterly,
first azure, a ship at anchor, her oars in saltier, within a double tressure counter-
flowered or ; second and third or, a lion rampant gules ; fourth azure, a ship under
sail or ; over all, dividing the coats, a cross ingrailed sable, all within a bordure
indented gules ; crest, a man displaying a banner, proper : motto, Te duce gloria-
mur. Lyon Register. And there,

PATRICK SINCLAIR of Ulbster, carries the same three quartered coats, as above,
with a cross ingrailed sable dividing them, all within a bordure gobonated, sable
and argent ; crest, a star issuing out of a cloud, proper : motto, Aspera virtus.

THOMAS SINCLAIR, lawful son to William Sinclair, merchant in Thurso, descend-
ed of the family of Caithness, argent, a cross ingrailed sable, between two mullets
azure : motto, Fear God and live. L. R.

JOHN SINCLAIR of Brimmes, a son of a second marriage of Mr John Sinclair of
Ulbster, descended of the family of Sinclair of Mey, come of the House of Caith-
ness, argent, a cross ingrailed on the outer side, and invected on the inner, sable-,
all 'within a bordure gobonated of the second and first ; crest, an arrow, and the
branch of a palm crossing other in saltier, proper : motto, Detur forti palma.
Ibid.

WILLIAM SINCLAIR of Dun, argent, a cross ingrailed sable, within a bordure of
the second, charged with eight plates argent ; crest, a man on horseback, proper :
motto, Promptus ad cert amen. Ibid.

THOMAS SINCLAIR, descended of the family of Dun in Caithness, argent, a cross
ingrailed sable, within a bordure waved of the second, charged with six stars of
the first ; crest, a demi-man holding in one hand a sea-cat, and in the other, a
pair of pencils, all proper : motto, Sic rectius progredior. Ibid.

ALEXANDER SINCLAIR of Stamstare, third brother to William Sinclair of Dum-
baith, descended of the family of Caithness, the same with Dumbaith ; but, for
difference, has a bordure invected gules ; crest and motto as Dumbaith. Ibid.

FRANCIS SINCLAIR of Stircock, the quartered coat of Caithness, with the cross in-
grailed, dividing the quarters, all within a bordure gobonated, gules and or ; crest,
a naked arm issuing out of a cloud, grasping a small sword, with another lying by,
all proper : motto, Me vincit, ego mereo. Ibid.

JOHN SINCLAIR, Writer in Edinburgh, descended of the family of Caithness,
argent, a cross ingrailed between two mascles in chief sable: motto, Crux dat
salutem. Ibid..

OF THE CROSS, &c.. 1.24

Sir JAMES SINCLAIR of Oldbarr, Baronet, argent, a cross parted per cross, fable
and gules ingrailed ; in the dexter canton, the badge of knight-baronet ; crest, an
otter issuing out of the wreath : motto, ^uociaique ferar. Ibid.

The surname of RAIT or Knur, or, a cross ingrailed sable : The first of this
name is said to be a German, from the country of Rhetia, from whence the name;
and, it is said, to have come to Scotland in the reign of Malcolm IV. and from that
king got some lands in the shire of Nairn, which he called after his own name.
In the reign of John Baliol, mention is made by our historians of Sir Gems Rait
of that Ilk. In the reign of Robert III. Sir Alexander Rait of that Ilk, having
killed the Thane of Calder, fled to the Merns, and lived under the protection of

the Earl Marischal ; his son, Mark Rait, married Dunnct, heiress of

Halgrecn, and got with her these lands. David Rait of Halgreen and Drumnagar
gets a charter from King James III. of these lands, of whom were descended the
Raits, lairds of Halgreen ; who carried as above, for crest, an anchor, proper ;
motto, Spero meliora. Lyon Register.

Mr WILLIAM RAIT of Pitforthie, descended of a second son of Halgreen, or, on
a cross ingrailed sable, a hunting-horn of the first, stringed gules ; crest, an
anchor, proper, ensigned on the top, with a crescent argent : motto, Meliora spero
sequorque. Lyon Register.

WILLIAM RAIT, Merchant in Dundee, whose father was a second son of Hal-
green, or, a cross ingrailed within a bordure invected sable ; crest, a lily .• motto,
Sperandum. Lyon Register.

The surname of WIDDERSPOON, or, a cross ingrailed betwixt four crescents gules,
as in Mr Font's Manuscript.

AYTON of that Ilk, argent, a cross ingrailed, cantoned with four roses gules. This
was of old an eminent family in the shire of Berwick, in the reigns of Robert the
Bruce, and Robert II. ; which family continued in a male succession till the reign
of King James III. : It ended in an heiress, who was married to George Home,
second son to Alexander Lord Home, and has continued in the name of HOME of
Ayton, who have been in use to place over the quartered coat of Home in the centre,
one of the red roses of Aiton.

AYTON of Dunmura in Fife, being the next heir-male of Ayton; of that Ilk, in

the shire of Berwick. I have seen a seal of Ayton of Dunmure, who

was Captain of the Castle of Stirling, in the reign of King James V. upon which
was a shield quartered, first, a cheveron between two stars in chief, and a crescent
in base j second, the coat of Ayton as before ; third, an anchor ; and the fourth as
first. This family, since, has procured a signature and, warrant from, the King,
for calling the lands of Dunmure, Ayton ; and the family is now designed Ayton
of that Ilk, and carries only the arms of Ayton, argent, a cross ingrailed, cantoned
with four roses gules ; and for crest, a hand pulling a rose proper : with the motto,
Decerptee. dabunt odarem. So matriculated in the Lyon Register, at the desire of
Sir John Ayton of that Ilk, Baronet.

Sir JOHN AYTON of Kippo, a cadet of the immediate family, being sworn Gentle-
man-Usher of the Black-Rod in England, in presence of the Sovereign and
Knights Companions of the most noble Order of the Garter, the 2Oth of February,
Anno 13. Caroli II.. carried the foresaid arms, and added, by permission, the badge
of his office, being a black batton, ensigned on the top with one of the Lions of
England ; crest, a rose-tree vert, flowered gules : with the motto, Et decerptce
dabunt odor em.

JOHN AYTON of Kinaldy, descended of the family of Ayton of that Ilk, carries
the arms of Ayton as above, within a bordure of the second ; crest, a rose-tree
vert, flowered gules : motto, Decerptee dabunt odorem.

JOHN AYTON of Inchdarnie, another cadet, gives the arms of Ayton as above,
differenced with the addition of a crescent argent ; and, for crest, a rose gules :
witli the motto, Vlrtute art a ofddunt rarius.. Which blazons are in the Lyon
Register.

ADINSTOUN of that Ilk, an ancient family in East-Lothian, which ended in an

heiress, who was married to Hepburn, descended of Hepburn of

Waughton, carried, argent, a cross ingrailed sable, cantoned with four cross cros-

OF THE CROSS, tfc.

lets fitched gules. As in Mr Font's Manuscript. Other books make the cross
croslets sable.

BALDERSTON of that Ilk, in the shire of Linlithgow, argent, a cross sable, with
two cross croslets fitched of the last, in the two upper cantons. Balderston and
Bauderston are to be found in the Ragman Roll : Prynne's Collections.

GEORGE BALDERSTON, Apothecary and Chirurgeon in Edinburgh, as descended of
the same family, carries the foresaid arms, and, for'diiference, charges the cross in
the centre with a mascle or. As in the new Register.

KEIR of the Carse, argent, a cross ingrailed sable, between four roses gules.
Font's manuscript.

The name of RIND, ermine, on a cross gules, a cross croslet fitched or, and in
the sinister quarter argent, two mullets azure : as in Sir George Mackenzie's
Science of Heraldry.

DUDDINGSTON of that Ilk, argent on a cross ingrailed sable, between two cross
croslets fitched gules, in chief of the last, a star or. Workman's MS.

DUDDINGSTON of Sandford, gules, a cheveron argent, between three cross croslets
fitched or ; crest, a grey-hound's head couped, proper : motto, Recreat & Atit.
Lyon Register.

The EPISCOPAL SEE of DURHAM has for its ensign, azure, a cross or, cantoned
with four lions rampant, argent.

The name of BUTTER of old with us carried argent, a cross potent (or bottony,
as some call it) azure, betwixt four men's hearts gules ; but Butter of Gormach
carries now argent, a plain cross sable, between four men's hearts gules ; crest, two
hands issuing out of a cloud, drawing an arrow in a bow ; with the motto, Diligit
Deus. In the Lyon Register.

Having spoke before of the surname of Barclay, which carries cross patees, I
shall here add some more blazons of families of that name, from our old and mo-
dern books, in which they have reduced the number of the ten crosses patee, to
three, as more agreeable to arms in accompanying a cheveron, according to the-
opinion of some heralds, and, for their difference, have altered the tinctures of the
field.

BARCLAY of Cullerny or Colairnie, an ancient family in 'the shire of Fife;
David Barclay of Colairnie is one of the assessors in a perambulation between
Easter and Wester- Knghorn, 1457, azure, a cheveron or, between three crosses
patee argent : as in Workman and Font's Manuscripts.

BARCLAY of Garthie in the year 1421, says Sir James Balfour, carried gules, on
;i cheveron between three crosses patee argent, as many hearts of the first.

BARCLAY of Towie, in the shire of Aberdeen, azure, a cheveron or, between two
cross patees in chief, and a lozenge voided in base argent. Balfour's Manuscript.
A.nd there also,

BARCLAY of Mathers or Madders, azure, a cheveron, and in chief three cross
patees argent.

BARCLAY of Kippo, azure, a cheveron argent, betwixt two cross patees in chief,
and a mullet in base or. Font's Manuscript.

BARCLAY of Touch, descended of the family of Colairnie, azure, a cheveron or,
between three cross patees argent, within a bordure cheque of the last and first ;
crest, a cross patee : motto, Crux salutem confert. Lyon Register. And there,

Sir ROBERT BARCLAY of Pearston, Baronet, azure, a cheveron betwixt three
cross patees or ; crest, a sword pale-ways, proper ; hiked and pommelled or : motto,
Crux Cbristi nostra corona.

BARCLAY of Johnston, decended of Barclay of Madders, azure, a cheveron be-
tween three cross patees, argent, within a bordure indented of the last ; crest, the
^un issuing out of a: cloud, proper : motto, Servabit me semper Jehova.

WILLIAM BARCLAY of Balmakeuan, second lawful son to David Barclay of
Johnston, azure, a cheveron ingrailed between three cross patees argent, all with-
in a bordure indented of the last ; crest, a cross patee : motto, Sola cruce salus*
Both matriculated in the Lyon Register.

DAWSON, gules, three cross patees argent. Mackenzie's Heraldry.

DUGUID of Auchenheuf, azure, three cross patees argent ; crest, a dove hold-

OF THE CROSS, &c. 125

ing a laurel-branch in her beak, proper : motto, Patientia U1 spe. Lyon
Register.

BENNET, gules, a cross patce or, between three mullets argent. Mackem.i-
Heraldry.

Sir GEORGE BENNET, Baronet, living in Poland, gules, on a chcvcron betwixt
three stars argent, as many cioss patees of the lirst ; crest, a demi-lion issuing out
of the wreath, and holding, in ins dexter paw, a cross patee gules. Lyon
Register.

Sir WILLIAM BENNET of Grubbet, Baronet, gules, on a chevcron, between three
stars argent, a cross patee gules ; crest, a hand issuing out ot a (.loud, holding
f(>,;h a cross patee fitched : motto, Beneaifhu tjui to/lit crucem. Lyon Register.

SIBBALD of Balgome, in the shire of Fife, argent, a cross moline, square pierced
gutes ; some books give the ITOSS azure. As for the antiquity of the name, 1 have
met with it in several charters in the reigns of King William and Alexander II. as
in that charter of Roger us .^uincie Comes dc IVit/ion, to St-rus de Seaton, Dune anus
Sibbauld is a witness. And in anno 1246, Donatus Sibbauld is a witness to a charter
by the same Rogerus ^iiincie Earl of W niton, or Winchester in England, to Adam
de Si'aton, tie Maritagio ha-rcdis Alam ac lasiae. For more documents of the an-
tiquity of the name, see Sir Robert Sibbald's Histoiy of the Shire of Fife and Kin-
ross, p. 142. Robert Duke of Albany and Earl of Fife grants a charter of the
lands of Kossie, and others, to Sir John Sibbald of Balgonie, which appears to
have been the principal family of the name. George Douglas Earl of Angus
married Elizabeth, daughter to Sir Andrew Sibbald ot Balgonie : and of this mar-
riage was born Archibald Earl of Angus, father of the learned Gavin Douglas
Bishop of Dunkeld. Sir Thomas Sibbald of Balgonie was principal Treasurer to
King James II. And, in the reign of King James IV. Sir Andrew Sibbald of Bal-
gome was Sheriff of Fite, having no issue but a daughter, Flelena Sibbald, his
heiress, was married to Robert Ac Lunden, a younger son of the Laird of Lunden
D| that Ilk, who got with her the estate, and kept the surname of Lunden, of
whom came the Lundens of Balgonie, who quartered the arms of Sibbald with
their own. SIBBALD of Rankeilor, the next family to Balgonie, carried the fore-
said arms within a bordure azure. Andrew Sibbald of Rankeilor-Over, had, by
his lady Margaret, daughter to George Learmonth of Balcomie, three sons : The
first, James, the lather of Sir David Sibbald of Rankeilor, in whom this family
ended ; the second son, George, Doctor of Medicine, and Professor of Philosophy
abroad, he carried for arms, at gent, a cross moline gules, within a bordure com-
pone sable and or, the last charged with mascles of the second, which were the
figures of his mother Leannonth's bearing ; the third son, Mr David Sibbald, was
Keeper of the Great Seal under Chancellor Hay, father to Sir Robert Sibbald of
Kips, Doctor of Medicine, a learned antiquary, who carried for arms, argent, a
cross molme, within a bordure azure, and a star of the last for his difference;
crest, a mort-head proper : motto, Me certum mots crrtafacit. L. R.

Mr PATRICK SIBBALD, Parson of St Nicholas Church at Aberdeen, and Rector of
the Marischal College there, descended of a lawful brother of Sibbald of Kair, who
was a cadet of the ancient family of Balgonie, argent, a cross moline azure, pierced
in the centre within a bordure cheque of the second and first ; crest, a hand erect-
ed, proper : motto, Ora y Inborn. Lyon Register.

The cross moline, as I said before, must be pierced round or square, to distin-
guish it from the cross anchorie ; and it is carried by some representing the Ink of
tlie Mill, as relative to the name. As by the name of Mill and Miller.

ROBERT MYLNE of Balfargie, (his arms and descent are thus in the Lyon Register),
his Majesty's Master Mason, nephew and representer of the deceast John My hie,
late Master Mason to his Majesty ; which John was lawful son to the deceast John
Mylne, also his Majesty's Master Mason ; and \\hich John was lawful son to the
deceast John Mylne, likewise his Majesty's Master Mason ; and which John
lawful son to the deceast Thomas Mylne, likewise his Majesty's Master Mason ;
and which Thomas was son to the deceast Alexander Mylne, also his Majesty's
Master Mason ; and which Alexander was son of the deccabt John Mylne, also his
Majesty's Master Mason ; by virtue of a gift granted to him thereof by King
James III. carries for arms, or, a cross moline azure, square pierced of the field

iat> OF THE CROSS, tf<.

between three mullets of the second ; crest, Pallas's head couped at the shoulder*
proper, vested about the neck vert, on the head a helmet azure, a beaver turned
up, and on the top a plumash of feathers gules : motto, Tarn in arts quam Marte.
Lyon Register.

THOMAS MYLNE of Muirton, or, a cross moline azure, pierced lozenge-ways of
the field betwixt three mullets of the second, within a bordure invected sable ;
crest, a dexter hand holding a folding book, proper : motto, Efficiunt clarum studia.
Lyon Register.

JAMES MILL of Balweylo, or, a cross moline ingrailed azure between threr,
mullets of the last ; crest, a cross moline situate in the sea, proper, surrounded
with two stalks of wheat, disposed orle-ways : motto, Clarum reddit industria.
Lyon Register.

ROBERT MILNE, Writer in Edinburgh, or, a cross moline azure, pierced lozenge-
ways, between three mullets of the last, within a bordure nebule of the second ;
crest, a martlet volant argent : for motto, Ex Industria, and of late, Prudenter qui
Tfdulo. Lyon Register.

JAMES MILNE of Blairton, Merchant in Aberdeen, or, a cross moline azure,
pierced oval-ways of the field, betwixt three mullets sable, all within a bordure
waved of the second ; crest, a galley with oars erect in saltier, proper : motto, Dat
cura commodum. Lyon Register.

The name of MILLER, argent, a cross moline between four hearts gules. Font's
Manuscript.

MATTHEW- MILLER of Glenlee, Apothecary in Kilmarnock, argent, a cross mo-
line azure, the base wavy vert, in chief a lozenge between two mullets of the se-
cond ; crest, a hand with two fingers pointing upwards proper : motto, Manent
optima ccelo. Lyon Register.

GEORGE MILLER of Gourliebank, eldest lawful son to James Miller, who married
Marion Thomson, heiress of Gourliebank, quarterly first and fourth argent, a cross
moline azure, placed in a loch, proper, and in chief two mullets of the second for
the name of Miller ; second and third, a stag's head cabossed and attired with ten
tynes gules ; on a chief azure, a cross croslet fitched or, betwixt two spur-rowels of
the first, for the name of Thomson ; crest, two arms, their hands joined proper :
motto, Unione Augetur, Lyon Register.

The name of DEANS of Longhermiston, argent, a cross moline azure, surmount-
ed of a sword in pale, proper ; and for crest, another sword ensigned on the top
with a cross patee : with the motto, Arte -vel Marte. Lyon Register.

The surname of HUDSON, argent, a cross moline between two lozenges in chief,
and a boar's head couped in base sable, armed or. Font's Manuscript.

The surname of MOLINEUX in England, azure, a cross moline or.

Sir WILLIAM BEVERSHAM of Millbeck, in England, gules, a fer de mouline
argent, between two martlets or.

WILLIAM BENTINCK, who came over with William Prince of Orange to England,
afterwards King, was, by letters patent, bearing date the pth of April 1689, creat-
ed Baron of Cirencester, Viscount of Woodstock, and Earl of Portland ; and, anno
1692, installed Knight of the most noble Order of the Garter, carried azure, a cross
moline argent.

EXAMPLES OF A CROSS CROSLET ARE THESE FOLLOWING *

The surname of LINTON of Drumerick, gules, a cross croslet argent, cantoned
with four crescents or. As in Balfour's Manuscript. But Pont gives to the name
of Linton, gules, an eagle with wings displayed argent, and on a chief of the last
three roses of the first.

The name of SPALDING, or, on a cross azure, five cross croslets of the first ; some,
in place of these cross croslets, have crescents. Sir George Mackenzie gives to
SPALDING of Ashnillie, or, a two-handed sword in pale azure.

JOHN SPALDING, Esq. in France, or, on a cross azure, five cross croslets of
the first ; crest, a cross croslet fitched or : motto, Hinc mibi salus. Lyon Re-
gister.

OF THE CROSS, fcf<r. 127

D'ARCY Earl of HOLDERNESS, Baron Darcy, created by King Charles I. Baron
Darcy, and Earl by Charles II. 1682, azure, seme of cros<< croslets, three cinquefoils

argent.

The ancient and honourable family of MARR, Earls of MARR, carried azure, a
bend betwixt six cross croslets fitched or. How soon this family was honoured witli
the title of Earl I can.not ascertain, some say in the reign of Malcolm 111. though
before, and in his time, there were Comites (Earls); yet it was not customary to
name the earls by their countries, till the reign of Alexander I. and Malcolm IV.
about which time we find Gartnach Comes de Marr, Morgund Comes de Marr, and
Willielmus Comes de Marr. This last, in the reigns of Alexander II. and III. was
a benefactor to the prior and canons of St Andrews, as in their Register : He con-
firmed donations, which his grandfather Morgund Comes avus suus, and grandmo-
ther Agnes Comitissa avia sua fecerunt dictis monachis, anno 1260.

His son, Duncan Earl of Marr, in 1284, was one of the nobility who obliged them-
selves to own and acknowledge Margaret the maiden of Norway, as lawful Queen of
Scotland, in case King Alexander, her grandfather, should die without heirs male of
his body. Upon the death of that princess, when the grand competition arose for
the crown, he' declared for the right of Robert Bruce. This Earl dying about
the year 1294, he left a son Gratney, who succeeded him, and a daughter Isabel,
married to King Robert the Bruce, by whom he had only one daughter, the Prin-
cess Marjory, wife to Walter, Lord High Steward of Scotland, mother by him to
King Robert II. first of the Stewartine line.

GRATNEY Earl of MARR married a daughter of Robert Bruce Earl of Carrick,
aad sister to King Robert II. by whom he had Donald, who succeeded, and a daugh-
ter Helen, wife to Sir John Monteith ; she bore to him a daughter Christian, mar-
ried to Sir Edward Keith, whose only daughter and heiress, Janet, was married to
Thomas Lord Erskine, mother by him to Robert Lord Erskine, who laid claim to
the earldom of Marr, in the reign of King James I.

DONALD Earl of MARR succeeded his father Earl GRATNEY: he had the misfor-
tune to be taken prisoner by the English at the battle of Methven, and detained
prisoner by them till after the battle of Bannockburn, but was exchanged for
another person of quality, in anno 1331. After the death of Thomas Randolph Earl
of Murray, Governor of Scotland, in the nonage of King David II. he was
chosen guardian of that part of Scotland be North Forth, but shortly after he lost
his life at the battle of Duplin, 3d August 1332, leaving issue by Isabel, his wife,
daughter of Sir Alexander Stewart of Bonkill, sister to John Earl of Angus, Tho-
mas his son and heir : and a daughter Margaret, married to William first Earl of
Douglas, after his decease, married Sir John Swinton.

THOMAS Earl of MARR, in the year 1538, was Lord High Chamberlain of Scot-
land: he married first the heiress of the family of Monteith, and after her death, Mar-
garet, eldest daughter and co-heir of Thomas Stewart Earl of Angus, who dying
without issue 1379, his estate and honour devolved to his sister Margaret, Countess
of Douglas, married to William the first Earl of Douglas, who, in right of his wife,
as in old evidences, is designed Earl of DOUGLAS and MARR, and on his seals append-
ed to them, the arms of Marr as above blazoned, are quartered with these of Doug-
las; he had by the Lady Margaret, heiress of Marr, a son and a daughter; James the
son succeeded his father, was Earl of Douglas and Marr, and had the arms of Marr
quartered with these of Douglas : he died without lawful issue, being slain at the
battle of Otterburn, on the 3ist of July 1388, and was succeeded in the earldom
of Douglas by his half brother, Archibald Lord of Galloway; and in the earldom
of Marr by his full sister, Isabel Countess of Marr, in right of her mother Mar-
garet. She married, first, Duncan Drummond of Cargill, who died without issue ;
and secondly, she took for her husband, Alexander Stewart, natural son of Alex-
ander Stewart of Badenoch, Earl of Buchan, fourth son of King Robert II. He was,
in right of his wife, Earl of Marr, and quartered her arms, before blazoned, with
these of his own, or, a fesse cheque azure and argent (the arms of Stewart) between
three open crowns gules ; which last were the armorial figures of the lordship of
Garioch. He was a man of great parts, an ornament to his country, for its ho-
nour and profit ; he died in the year 1436, without issue, lamented by all: and so
the lineal issue of the earldom of Mair ended in his Lady Isabel Countess of Marr,

128 OF THE CROSS, We.

Sir Robert Erskine claimed right to the earldom of Marr, as descended of a daughter
of Gratney Earl of Marr and as nearest of kin to Isabel Countess of Marr: so that, in
the year 1438, lie was served heir to the Lady Isabel Douglas, tunquam legitimus fc?
propinquiof Dares dictee Dominte Isabella:, and was designed Eail of Marr, Lord Ers-
kine and Garioch, and quartered the arms of Marr and Garioch with his own :
but King James II. reduced the Lord Erskine's right to the earldom of Marr, and
annexed it to the crown, and afterwards gave it, with the lordship ot Garioch, to
his third son John Stewart Earl of Marr, Lord Garioch in the 1460, who carried,
quarterly, first and fourth, Scotland ; second and third, the arms of Marr as berore,
azure, a bend betwixt six cross croslets feck e or, and, over all, an escutcheon or, a
fesse cheque azure and argent, accompanied with three ducal crowns gules, for the
Lordship of Garioch ; he died unmarried in the year 1479, and that noble feu re-
turned again to the crown, and was bestowed by King James 111. on a mean man,
Robert Cochran, a favourite of that king's; but he did not enjoy it long ; and then
he gave that title to John, a younger son of his, who died young. Queen Mary
bestowed that dignity on her natural brother James Stewart y but upon better ad-
vertisement of John Lord Erskine, his right and pietensions to that earldom, James
Stewart resigned it, and, in lieu of it, was made Earl of Murray, and the earldom
of Marr was given to John Lord Erskine, and confirmed in Parliament 1567. from
him is lineally descended the Earls of Marr, who quartered the arms ot Marr with
these of Erskine as before : For an exact and full account of this nobie family, see
Mr Crawford's Peerage, at the title of Marr.

SOMERVILLE of Drum, representer of the Lord SOMERVILLE, carries azure, three
stars or, accompanied with seven cross crosslets fitched argent, three in chief, one in
the centre, two in the flanks, and the last in base; which figures so disposed I have
seen on an ancient stone in the house of Drum, and which are so illuminated in
our old books of blazon, supported by two hounds proper, collared gules ; and for
crest, a dragon proper, spouting out fire behind and before, standing on a wheel or,
(the story of which crest I shall give afterwards) ; with the motto, Fear God in Life.
These were the armorial ensigns of the old Lords of SOMERVILLE ; the present James
Somerville of Drum is the twenty-fifth in a lineal male descent from Sir Gaul-
ter de Somerville, who came to England with William the Conqueror, and he is
the heir and representer of the family of Somerville of Whichnour, in England,
now extinct, and in Scotland, of Somervilles of Linton, Lord Somervilles of
Carnwath and Drum, and undoubted chief of the name, as by a Manuscript of the
family, handsomely instructed by old evidents, since King William the Lion, which
I have seen.

The name of RATTRAY or RATHRIE, azure, a fesse argent, between six cross croslets
fitched or. In the reign of Malcolm 111. amongst the old surnames, Hector Boece
mentions this, the principal of which was Rattray of that Ilk, in the shire of Perth.
In the Register of the abbacy of Arbroath, there is a perambulation, of the date
1250, between that convent and Thomas de Rattrav, about the lands of Kingeli
drum : and, in the reign of King Robert the Bruce, Eustachius de Rattray was
falsely accused in the Parliament of Perth for treason against that king, but was
lairly acquitted. This family continued in a lineal male descent to the reign of
King James V. which then ended in an heiress, Jean Rattray, who was married to
John Stewart, Earl of Athol.

The next heir male is RATTRAY of Craighall, who carries the foresaid armorial
bearing, as~in Font's Manuscript.

Lieutenant Colonel GEORGE RATTRAY, son to Sir JOHN RATTRAY, Lieutenant Colo-
nel to the Scots Regiment in France, who was son to Mr James Rattray, son to
Rattray of Craighall, heir male of Rattray of that Ilk, azure, a fesse argent betwixt
six cross croslets fitched 3 and -} or ; crest, a dexter hand proper, holding a cross
croslet or: motto, Ex hoc victoria signo. L. R.

The name of CHEYNE is ancient with us, and in our old books of blazon, CHEYNE
Lord CHEYNE carried gules, a bend betwixt six cross croslets fitched argent. For the
antiquity of the name 1 shall here mention a charter (which I saw in the hands of
the curious Mr William Wilson, one of the Clerks of the Session) without a date,
granted by Reynald Cheyne, son of Reynald, who was son of Reynald of the lands
of Durie, which he disponed to Gilbert, son, to Robert of Strathern ; and which

oi- -;n IK CROSS, &f. I2y

charter \vas afterwards confirmed by Adam of Killconhaugh, Earl of Carrick; and
after that, King Robert the Bruce gives the lands of Dummany, which formerly be-
longed to Roger Moubray, to Sir Reginald Cheyne, as that king's charter bears in
the Earl of Haddington's Collections.

CHEYNE of Esselmont, another old family of this surname, carried, quarterly, first
and fourth azure, a bend between six cross croslets y^7.)£ ardent, for Chevne ; second
and third argent, three laurel leaves slipped vert, for the surname of Marshall :
which bearings, finely illuminated, are to be seen in an old genealogical tree of the
family of Seaton, since Earls of Winton, impaled on the left side, for Christian
Cheyne, a daughter of Esselmont, Lady of Sir Alexander Seaton of that Ilk, her
husband, Captain and Governor of Berwick : who both, for their singular courage
and love to their country (as all our histories testify) stood and saw their two sons
hanged before their eyes, by the cruel and perfidious Edward III. of England; be-
cause Sir Alexander would not deliver up the town of Berwick to him before the
time agreed upon; for which one of his sons was a hostage, and the other a cap-
tive.

GEORGE CHEYNE of Esselmont matriculates his arms in our New Register thus;
quarterly, first and fourth azure, a bend between six crosses patee fitched argent
for Cheyne ; second and third argent, three leaves slipped vert, for the name of
Marshall of Esselmont; and for crest, a cross patee fitched argent; with the motto,
Patic-ntia vincit.

CHEYNE of DufFus, another family which carried the like arms, but long since end-
ed in an heiress, who ivas married to Nicol Sutherland, a younger son of Kenneth,
Earl of Sutherland, who with her got the barony of Duffus. Of them is descend-
ed the Lords of Duffus, who have been in use to compose with their own figures
the three stars, and accompanied them with as many cross crodctsjitcbe, (of which,
in another place) to perpetuate the memory of Cheyne of Duffus.

The name of ADAMSON, argent, a- star gules, betwixt three cross croslets fitched
azure. Workman's Manuscript.

ADAMSON of Graycrook, argent, a crescent gules, betwixt three cross croslets fitch-
ed azure, as in Font's Manuscript. I take the surname of ADAM to be the same
with Adamson, for they carry the like figures, and the surname of EWE to be the
contraction of Adam.

DAVID EDIE of Moneaght, so recorded in the Lyon Register, argent, three cross
croslets fitched gules ; and for crest, a cross croslet, and a skein saltier-ways; with
the motto, Crux mihi grata quies.

In the Chatulary of Dunfermline, and in the Earl of Haddington's Collections, Fol.

577, there is a writ of King Robert the Bruce, the 14th year of his reign, declaring

Adam the son of Adam, and his four sons, to be freemen, tituled Libertas Adami

filii Adami coram justitiario nostro ; which bears these words, " Compertum &- de-

' claratum est quod Adamus, filius Adami, non est homo noster, ligius seu nati-

' vus, quin pro voluntate sua, &-c. propter quod prsefatum Adamum &- liberos

' suos Robertum, Johannem, Reginaldum, &- Duncanum liberos nostros fore decla-

' ramus, &- ipsos ab omni jugo & onere servitutis quietos reddimus, per praesentes

' in perpetuum. In cujus rei testimonium &c. has literas nostras perpetuo dura-

' turas, sibi fieri fecimus patentes, apud Aberdeen, loth September, regni nostri

" I4th." These letters patent of King Robert the Bruce are the oldest documents

I have met with for the surname of Adam or Adamson : and I take them to be the

first of that surname with us.

The surname of TULLOCH, or, on a fesse between three cross croslets fitched gules,
as many stars argent. Balfour's Manuscript.

I have seen a transumpt of an old charter (penes Comitem de Kinaird} taken be-
fore William Tulloch, Bishop of Murray, to which his'seal of office was appended,
having the image of a church-man in his proper habit, holding, with both his hands
before his breast, a crucifix, and below his feet was the shield of arms of Bishop
Tulloch, a fesse charged with s\vo stars, between three cross croslets fitched. The
date of this transumpt was in the year 1481; the witnesses were Sir Thomas
Moodie, and Sir Martin Tulloch.

ACHANY of Sorbie, argent, a. cross croslet fitched, issuing out of a crescent sable.

130 OF THE SALTIER OR SAUTOIR..

Pout's Manuscript. And there others of that name carry argent, three roebucks'
heads couped azure, collared ort and a bell pendent thereat gules.

Before I end with the cross croslets fitche, so frequent in arms, I shall adJ some
examples of foreign bearings.

The country of GALLJCIA in Spain, azure, seme of cross croslets fitched ut the
foot, and a cup covered or. The French, blazon them thus, efazur semt de croix
recroisees, au pied fitch e, au calice couverte cCor. They tell us, as especially in that
little book Jen tf Armories, that this country was erected into a kingdom by Fer-
dinand the Great, 1060, in favours of his younger son : which country was after-
wards annexed to the kingdom of Castile. The reason given for carrying, seme of
crosses, is upon account of the frequent devotions of Pilgrims to St James of Com-
postella in that country : and because the crosses there have not been so defaced
and beat down as in other countries, by the incursions of the Moors. The Chalice
or Cup is speaking and relative to the name of that country, Calice or Gallicia; as
many armorial figures do in the arms of several countries in Spain : thus the king-
dom of Leon carries a lion, and Castile a castle, &c. Many honourable families
in England carry cross croslets, as the honourable families of the name of Howard,
gules, a bend betwixt six cross croslets fitched argent, with suitable differences of
their descent from the principle house.

CAPEL Earl of ESSEX, gules, a lion rampant between three cross croslets fitcbe
or.

Arthur Lord CAPEL, by the special favour of King Charles II. in respect of his
father's loyalty, was advanced to the title and dignity of Viscount Maiden and
Earl of Essex, in the I3th of his reign, anno 1661.

CRAVEN Lord CRAVEN, argent, a fesse betwixt six cross croslets fitcbe gules. This
family was dignified with the title of Baron by King Charles I.

CLINTON Earl of LINCOLN, argent, six cross croslets fitched sable, 3, 2, and i, on
a chief azure, two mullets pierced gules..

WINDSOR Earl of PLYMOUTH, gules, a saltier argent between twelve cross croslets
or, which properly is the bearing of Windsor. Thomas Lord Windsor was creat-
ed Earl of Plymouth by King Charles II. 1682.

WINDSOR Lord MOUNTJOY, the same as the Earl of Plymouth, with a crescent for
difference, being a younger son of Thomas Lord Windsor, and Earl of Plymouth.
RICHARD, Earl of WARWICK and HOLLAND, by King James I. cf Great Britain,
gules, a cheveron between three crosses bottony or.

CAIRLYLE or CARLYLE, argent, a cross flory gules^ Sir William Carlyle in An^
nandale married Margaret Bruce, a sister of King Robert I., as by a charter of
that King to them of the lands of Crumanston, (Haddington's Collections.) After-
wards the family was designed of Torthorald, and King James III. raised the fa-
mily to the dignity of a Peer, by the title of Lord Carlyle of Torthorald, in the
person of Sir James Carlyle, in the year 1473. Which dignity continued ia the
family till it ended in an heiress, Elizabeth Carlyle, in the year 1580, who married
Sir James Douglas of Parkhead, of whom came the Douglas Lord Carlyle, of whom
before: The achievement of the Lords Carlyle of Torthorald, quarterly, first and
fourth, argent,, a cross flory gules, for Carlyle ; second and third, or, a cross gules,
for the name of Crosbie, and by way of surto.ut argent, a saltier azure; crest, two.
dragons' necks and heads adosse vert ; supporters, two peacocks, proper : motto,
Humilitate. So, illuminated in old books.

CHAP. XVI,

OF THE SALTIER OR SAUTOIB-.

IT is formed by the bend-dexter and sinister, not lying the one upon- the other,
__ but as if they were incorporate, ia the centre. In our old books of blazons,
I find the arms of NEWTON, being sable, a. saltier argent, thus described ; sable,
two bends in saltier argent : The French say, sautoir est dispose comme la bandt et>
la barre ; the saltier is as it were composed of the bend and bar. The bend-sinister,
by the French, is called a bar, as I have told before.

OF THE SALTIER OR SAUTOIR. 1 3 1

F.br the saltier, the Latins use the words, crux transfer salis, or decussis ; because
it represents the letter X. This honourable ordinary with the English, possesses
the fifth part of the field, the same being not charged ; but if it be charged, then
it should take up the third part of the field.

The Spaniards call this figure sometimes aspas, from the name of an instrument
after the form of an X ; as Menestrier observes. Having given a description of
its name and form, I shall now speak to its nature and signification, which arc
various,, according to different authors.

It is taken for a specific form of a cross, with us,, the English, and other nations ;
and carried upon account of devotion to saints, who suffered upon such a cross, as
that of St Andrew, on our ensigns.

Menestrier will have it, in some armorial bearings,, to represent ail old piece of
furniture, used by horsemen, which hung at their saddles in place of stirrups ;
and that the word sautoir, comes from sauter to leap, he instances an old Manu-
script of Laws of Tournaments, whereby knights were forbid to come with
breeches of mail, and with sautoirs a selle, i. e. with saltiers at their saddles, which
he says were made of iron, or cords like a decussis, covered with cloth or taffety ;
as he found in the accounts of Estenne de la Faunton, cashier to the King of
France, in the year 1352, in one of the Articles of Horse-furniture.

Upton and Spelman, two famous heralds, say, that the saltier represents trees
or long pieces of timber laid cross-ways, one over the other, for shutting the en-
tries of parks and forests, called by the French saults ; and by the Latins saltus ;
from which sautoir and saltier, and the Latin word commonly used for them,
taltuarium.

Gerard Leigh and his followers are of opinion, that it was an instrument used
of old by soldiers, in place of ladders, to scale the walls of towns. Sylvanus Mor-
gan, favouring, this opinion, says, though it may be taken as an instrument of
manhood in scaling of walls, it may be likewise called scala cceli, for many have
ascended to Heaven by this cross,.

This figure, as well as others, may have various significations, and has been as-
sumed upon different accounts in armories ; but the saltier here is generally taken
for a cross, and that which contributes most to its frequent bearing in arms, was
devotion to the Christian religion, and to patron saints, who suffered on crosses,
after the form of the saltiers, as that of the Apostle St Andrew. Heralds tell us,
some carry it plain , to show their willingness to suffer for the faith ; others raguled,
to show the difficulty thereof, as these crosses of St James and St Laurence ; some
bear them in their arms jStcbe, to show the sharpness of the cross, and others flory,
to testify their victory over it.

Fig. 27. Plate VI. Azure, a saltier (or St Andrew's cross} argent ; so called, be-
cause he suffered upon one after this form. It has been anciently used by the
Scots for their ensign, upon as well grounded a tradition for its appearing in the
air, as other nations have for their crosses coming down from Heaven. Our historians
are not wanting to tell us, that Achaius, King of the Scots, and Hungus, King of
the Picts, having joined forces to oppose Athelstan, King of the Saxons, superior
to them in force, they addressed themselves to God, and their patron St Andrew ;
and, as a token that they were heard, the white saltier cross, upon which St Andrew
suffered martyrdom, apppeared in the blue firmament : Which so animated the
Scots and Picts, that they defeat the Saxons, and killed King Athelstan in East-
Lothian ; which place to this day is known by the name of Athelstanford, cor-
ruptly pronouced Elshinford. After the victory, the two confederate kings, out
of a sense of singular mercy, went in procession to the church of St Andrew's,
(where his arm was said to be kept as a. relic) to thank God and his apostle for
the victory ; purposing, that they and their successors should, in all time coming,
use on their ensigns the cross of St Andrew. How well the Picts performed I
know not, being overcome and expelled afterwards by the Scots ; but it has been
the constant practice of our kings to carry a white saltier cross on a blue banner.

The Spaniards carry the crass of St James on their ensigns, since the famous
battle in the plains of Toulouse; where Alphonsus, King of Castile, with his con-
federates, Peter King of Arragon, and Sanchez of Navarre, gave a notable defeat to
the Moors. In the beginning of the- fight there appeared a great many miracles

13; OF THE SALTIER OR SAUTOIR.

and prodigies, which, whether true or false, gave occasion to these- confederate
kings, and their eminent subjects, to use such figures, as then appeared, afterward*
on their ensigns and coats of arms. From St James appearing with his cross and
a bloody sword, the Castilians took the red saltier cross ; and the-bloody sword be-
came the badge of the Order of St James : And the King of Navarre placed on
his ensigns the form of the chains which fortified the Moors camp, which he cut
and broke by his own valour. This battle gave rise to many figures used by fami-
lies in these countries, of which in another place.

With us many families carry St Andrew's cross, upon the account that it is the
badge of the kingdom.

HAIG of Bemerside, an ancient family in the shire of Berwick, carries for arms,
Plate VI. fig. 28. and in the Plate of Achievements, azure, a saltier cantoned with
two stars in chief and base, with as many crescents adosse in the flanks argent.
Some say this family is of a British extract, upon what account I know not, but
the family is of an old standing ; for, in the reign of Malcolm IV. Richard Norvel,
Constable of Scotland, gives a mortification of the chapel of St Leonards in
Lauderdale, to the abbacy and Monks of Dryburgh, to which Petrus de Haga of
Bemerside is a witness : And in a charter of William de Norvsl, to Henry de
Sinclare, of the lands of Carfrae, amongst the witnesses is Petrus Odell de Haga ;
which was in the reign of King William, as in the Chartulary of Dryburgh.

In the Chartulary of Kelso, at Edinburgh in the Lawyers' Library, there are
three charters, where Petrus de Haga is amongst the witnesses. The first is an
amicable composition between the abbot and convent of Kelchow, and William de
Veteri Ponte : The witnesses (not naming the church-men) are WiUielmo filio Wil-
lielmi, Alano filio Rollandi de Galweya, Alano de Thurleston, Ricardo Nano, Alano
de Claphan, Vicecomite de Lawder, Willielmo filio Rogeri, Petro de Haga. This
charter is dated 1203, feria quarta ante Pentecasten. The second charter is granted
by Alanus, filius Rollandi de Galaweya, Const abularius Regis Scotorum ; the wit-
nesses there, beside church-men, are Thoma de Colewill and Petro de Haga : And
in the third charter by the above Alanus, Petrus de Haga is a witness. These
two last charters have no date ; it is thought they have been granted in the reign
of Alexander II. or in the beginning of the reign of Alexander III. There is
another charter granted by Petrus de Haga, Dominus de Bemerside, with the con-
-ent of his son John, to the abbot and convent of Melrose, to pay yearly ten sal-
mons, and half a stone of wax ; witnesses beside the church-men, WiUielmo de
Rurdnn miiite, Hugone de Persibi, Vicecomite de Rokisburg, Willielmo de Hately,. Tboma
Rymor de Ercildoun. This charter wants also a date, and I think it has been
granted after the death of Alexander III. which was foretold by Thomas Rymer,
being so designed in this charter, and afterwards, upon the account of his pro-
phecies in rhyme, for in other old charters he is designed Thomas Learmount de
Ercildoun, which is in the neighbourhood with Bemerside ; and what he, as neigh-
bour to Bemerside, in his prophecies, mentions of this family, I have told, before in
my marks of cadency. In the Ragman-Roll, Haig of Bemerside is one of the
barons that submitted to Edward I. of England ; which family has continued, in a
male descent, to the present Haig of Bemerside.

Those, who undertook the expeditions to the Holy Land, for the most part were
crossed with that form of crosses used by their own country ; so that many fami-
lies with us carry saltlers. Sir James Balfour, in his Manuscript of the Nobility of
Scotland, tells us, that Malcolm de Lennox f one of the progenitors of the Earls of
Lennox, went to the Holy Land, and was crossed : for which he and his posterity
carried for arms, argent, a saltier ingrailed gules, cantoned with four roses of the
last ; Plate VI. fig. 29. This family was dignified with the title of Earl of Lennox
by King William the Lion, and continued in a noble and splendid condition till
Duncan Earl of Lennox was attainted of high treason, with his son-in-law, Murdoch
Duke of Albany, in the reign of King James I. He was execute at Stirling, upon
the 23d of May 1426, and his estate came to the crown by forfeiture. He left
behind him three daughters, Isabel, married to Murdoch, Duke of Albany ; Eliza-
beth to Sir John Stewart of Darnly, ancestor of the Stewarts, Dukes and Earls of
Lennox ; Margaret to Robert Monteith of Rusky, by whom he had Robert Mon-
teith of Rusky his son, who left two daughters co-heirs to him ; Agnes married to

OF THE SALTIER OR SAUTO1R. , , 3

Sir John Haldane of Gleneagles, and Margaret to Sir John Napier of Merchiston.
All these families, upon the account of their alliance with the family of Lennox,
carried the arms of that family as above bla/.oned, either marshalled with their
own, or in place of their own; of whom in their proper places.

MACKARLANE of Arroquhar, commonly designed of that Ilk, in the shire of Dun-
burton, the principal family of the name, Plate VI. fig. 30. carries argent, a saltier
waved and cantoned with four roses gules ; crest, a naked man holding a sheaf of
arrows, proper, with an Imperial Crown standing by him : and for motto, This
Fll defend. L. R. The first of this family is said to be one Pharline Lennox, a
son of the old Earls of Lennox, who, for slaughter, fled to the North ; and his ;.
ferity, after the Scot's way of patronimicks, were called Maciarlane, i. e. PharlintA
son ; for this, they have a charter of Duncan, Earl of Lennox, to Duncan Mac-
iarlane, in the year 1308; to which Umfredus of Colquhoun Dwninus de Luss, is
a witness: and -they carry the arms of Lennox, with this difference, having the
saltier waved instead of ingrailed.

Plate VI. COLOJJHOUN, argent a saltier ingrailed, sable. Some will have the
first of this name to be of the old house of Lennox, upon the account of the ar-
morial figure ; but others say the first of this family came from Ireland, and was a
son of the King of Conach there, in the reign of King Gregory ; and the lands
which he got in Scotland, he called them Conach, now by corruption, Colquhoun ;
and when surnames came in fashion, they took the name of Colquhoun from the
lands. The family continued in a male descent to the reign of Robert II. that
Colquhoun of Luss, a branch of the family, married the heiress of Colquhoun of
that Ilk, since which time that family has been designed, promiscuously, some-
times of that Ilk, and sometimes of Luss. In the beginning of the reign of King
James II. say our historians, John Colquhoun of Luss, a noble person, was slain
by the rebel Highlanders.

Sir JOHN COLQUHOUN of that Ilk was Treasurer to King James III. and is so de-
signed in a charter of the baillery of Coldinghame, with the consent of the prior,
to Alexander Lord Home, 1465. From him is lineally descended the present
Sir John Colquhoun of Luss, whose family was honoured with the title of Knight
Baronet, the 3oth of July 1628 ; and, being chief of the name, carries the foresaid
blazon, supported by two ratch-hounds argent, collared sable ; crest, a hart's head
conped g ides, attired argent : with the motto, Si je puts, as in the Plate of
Achievements.

Having given examples of a saltier under accidental forms, and cantoned with
figures, I shall here give an example of a saltier charged with fgures, and carried
\fi!b a chief.

POWRIE of Woodcocksholm, in the Shire of Linlithgow, argent, a saltier ingrail-
ed gules, charged with another or, and cantoned with four bugles sable ; crest, a
hunting-horn azure, garnished gules : motto, Vesbere fc? mane. Lyon Register
Plate VI. fig. 32.

The ancient Lords of ANNANDALE gave for arms, argent, a saltier and chief
^ules. Plate VI. fig. 33. The field is or in several blazons.

ANNAN of Auchterallan, argent, a chief and saltier gules, cantoned with two
mascles, in the collar and base points azure, and in the flanks a spot qf ermine, or
moucheture sable. As in our old books of blazons.

Not only those of the surname of ANNAN carried a saltier and chief for their
paternal figures ; but even other great families carried these arms for their own,
when they came to get possessions in that country ; and their vassals carried the
like, as arms of patronage. Robert BRUIS, or BRUCE, son of Adilind, of a Nor-
man extract, having married Agnes de Annandia, heiress of that country, laid
aside his paternal arms, viz. argent, a lion rampant azure, and carried those of
Annan Lords of Annandale, argent, a saltier and chief gules : as the custom uas
of old upon marrying of heiresses, before the use of marshalling many coats in one
shield ; of which afterwards. All the descendants of this Robert carried the arms
of Annan, making the field sometimes or, sometimes argent. Robert the Bruce,
when he came to be King, carried the Imperial Ensign of Scotland ; but his bro-
thers and others, descended of him, carried those of Annan, whose blazons I shall
add with others, after I have given some various blazons of the saltier.

'34

OF THE SALTIER OR SAUTOIR.

The EPISCOPAL SEE of BATH and WELLS in England, azure, a saltier, quarterly
quartered, or and argent.

The family of ROSE, in France, by Monsieur Baron, d1 argent au sautoir alaisc
de gueules, i. e. a saltier couped gules. And again, gules t a saltier ingrailed and
couped argent. Sometimes three of these saltiers are borne in a coat, and then
the word couped may be omitted, being understood to be so when they are re-
moved from the centre of the escutcheon ; but when one, and in the centre of the
escutcheon, couped must be added : argent, a sword gules, hiked and pommelled
or, point upwards, ensigned with a mullet of the second, and surmounted of a sal-
tier couped fable. Plate VI. fig. 34.

Gules, a saltier engoulee of five leopards' mouths or. Engoulee is said, when the
extremities of the bend, cross, saltier, and other such pieces enter the mouths of
lions, leopards, dragons, &-c. as the arms of GUICHENON, Plate VI. fig. 35. And
the arms of TOUAR in Spain ; ffazur a la bande dyor engoulee de deux tetes de lion
de meme.

' Argent, a saltier crossed, having little crosses at the ends. Some say it may be
called a saltier saltiered, as we say a cross croslet, when its extremities are crossed.
Gerard Leigh calls this St Juliarf-s Cross.

When the extremities of the saltier end like the extremities of the crosses above-
treated of, these denominations given to such a cross, may likewise be given to the
saltier ; as to be anehorie, trejiee, jtower-de-lucy, patee, &-c.

When other figures are situate after the position of the saltier, if they be small
ones, as besants, torteaux, &c. they are said then to be in saltier ; as azure, five
besants in saltier ; that is two, one and two, for which the French say, rangee en
sautoir. If oblong things, we say saltier-ways, the French, posee en sautoir ; the
Latins, in decussini trajecta.

ECCLES of Kildonan, an ancient family of that name, nov/ possessed and repre-
sented by Mr William Eccles, Doctor of Medicine, as in Plate of Achievements,
argent, two halberts crossing other saltier-ways azure ; crest, a broken halbert :
with the motto, Se defendendo ; so matriculated in the Lyon Register. And there
ECCLES' of Shanock, decended of Kildonan, the same, within a bordure gules, for
his difference.

The EPISCOPAL SEE of PETERBOROUGH, gules, two keys saltier-ways, adossee, and
cantoned with four cross croslets bottony, and fitched or.

Having treated sufficiently of the saltier, and its various forms, I now proceed
to give the arms of such families as carry saltiers according to the method pro-
posed.

JAMES COLQUHOUN of Dunyelder, descended of the family of Luss, argent, a sal-
tier ingrailed sable, and in base a rose gules, for his difference ; crest, a branch of
laurel slipped, pioper : motto, Dum spiro spero. L. R.

JOHN COLQUHOUN of Kilmardinny, argent, a saltier ingrailed sable, with a flower-
de-luce for difference ; crest, a stag's head erased, proper : with the motto, Festinti
lente. His second son Walter Colquhoun, Merchant in Glasgow, has, for his dif-
ference, added to his father's arms, a crescent in base gules : with the motto, Vlget
tub cruce.

ALEXANDER COLOJJHOUN of Garscadden, a cadet of Luss, has a buckle or on the
saltier, for his difference ; crest, a man's hand proper, holding a buckle, with the
motto, Omnia firmat. Which blazons are recorded in the Lyon Register.

The surname of MAXWELL, argent, a saltier sable. According to our historians,
it is amongst the first surnames, with xis, in the reign of Malcolm III. taken from
the lands they then possessed in Dumfriesshire, called Macchus Macuswell, now
Maxwell. They had also other lands of that name, both in Tiviotdale and East-
Lothian. Sir James Dalrymple, in his Collections, page 406. says, he has often
met with the 'name Macchus, which is likely a Saxon name, as witness in the
tharter of foundation of the abbacy of Selkirk by King David I. and no doubt,
says he, Herbert de Macuswell, the donor of the church of Macuswell, in the reign
of King Malcolm. IV. and King William, has been possessor of these lands, which
gave to this Herbert, and his successors, the surname of Macuswell, now Maxwell.
John de Macuswell was Great Chamberlain and Sheriff of Roxburgh, in the be-
ginning of the reign of Alexander II. ; and the next I meet with is Homer us ov

OF THE SALTIER OR SAUTOIR. 135

Eumerus dc Mat-unwell, who, in the same king's reign, was Justiciar of Galloway.
According to some genealogical manuscripts, he married Mury Macgenchcn.
heiress of Merns in Renfrewshire ; and with her got these lands, which continued
with the family till the time of King Charles I. He had two sons, Sir Herbert,
his successor, and Sir John, who was the first of the MAXWELLS of Nether-Pollock.

Sir HERBERT MAXWELL, designed of Carlaverock, obtains a charter of the lands
of Macuswell and Wester-Pencaitland in East-Lothian, from John de Pcncultland,
in the year 12,74. The principal charter I saw in the hands of Maxwell of
Middleby. The fourth head of the family in a lineal descent from this Sir Her-
bert (as in Mr Cravvfurd's Peerage) was John, who designed himself Joannes de
Macuswell de Pencaitlfind. And the third in descent from John, was Sir Herbert
Maxwell of Carlaverock, who was one of the hostages for the ransom of King
James 1. anno 1423. I have seen- (in the custody of Maxwell of Middleby) u
principal indenture, passed betwixt a worshipful and honourable man, (the words
of the indenture) Sir Herbert Maxwell, knight, Lord of Carlaverock, on the one
part, and John Sinclair Lord of Herdmanston, on the other part ; in which they
obliged themselves to stand, and submit to the arbitration and determination of.
the gentlemen mentioned in the indenture, as judges betwixt them, about the
holding of the lands of Macuswell and Bykerton in the barony of Pencaitland ;
whether they ought to be holden of the Lords of Maxwell as Barons of Pencait-
land, or of the Lord of Herdmanston. The indenture is dated at Edinburgh the
ipth of January 1427; and, on the 2id of June 1428, sentence was pronounced
by Robert Graham in favours of Herbert Lord Carlaverock. Herbert, designed
Dominus de Carlaverock, in anno 1438, one of the conservators of a peace concluded
betwixt Scotland and England (as in Crawfurd's Peerage), married first a daughter
of Herbert, heiress of Tereagles, with whom he had Robert his successor, and Sir
Edward, of whom the Maxwells of Finnald and Monreith ; and, after her death, he
married Katharine, daughter to the Lord Seaton, widow of Sir Allan Stewart of
Darnly, of whom descend the Maxwells of Garnsalloch, and the Maxwells of South-
Bar in Renfrewshire.

Robert, the first of the family, who is dignified with the title of Lord Maxwell,
in the reign of King James II. was succeeded by his grandson John Lord Maxwell,
who was slain at Flodden with King James IV. He was again succeeded by his
son Robert Lord Maxwell, who had, by Janet his lady, Robert his heir ; and Sir
John Maxwell of Tereagles, thereafter Lord Herries. Robert Lord Maxwell, mar-
ried Beatrix, daughter of James Earl of Morton, who bare to him one son, John
Lord Maxwell ; who being made Warden of the West-Marches by King James VI.
was also created Earl of Morton, 1581, upon the death and forfeiture of James
Earl of Morton the regent. About this time this earl's arms were illuminated, in a
book of arms, now in my custody, thus ; quarterly, first argent, on a chief gules,
two stars of the first, for Douglas of Morton ; second or, an eagle displayed sable,
as Lord Maxwell ; third argent, three hurcheons sable, for Herries ; fourth gules,
a cross or, for Crosbie ; and over all, by way of surtout, argent, a saltier sable, for
Maxwell. The title of Earl of Morton did not continue long with him ; for
Archibald Earl of Angus, nephew to the regent, was restored to the Earldom of
Morton, 1585 : And Robert Lord Maxwell, brother of John Lord Maxwell, who
was forfeited and beheaded at the Cross of Edinburgh, 2ist of May 1623, for mur-
dering the laird of Johnston, in anno 1620. His brother was restored to the lordship
uf Maxwell, by the favour of King James VI. and created Earl of Nithscjale, with
the precedency from the time of his father's being Earl of Morton 1581. By
virtue of which, he was ranked in the precedency of the Peerage, immediately be-
fore the Earl of Winton, and took his place accordingly in the Parliament 1621.
Robert his son and heir died unmarried 1667 ; so that his estate and honour de-
volved to his cousin and heir-male John Lord Herries. This earl, so succeeding,
married Elizabeth, daughter to Sir Robert Gordon of Lochinvar, ancestor to the
Viscount of Kenmure, by whom lie had Robert Earl of Nithsdale, who married
Lucy, daughter of William Marquis of Douglas, by whom he had Mary, married
to the Earl of Traquair, and William his son and successor Earl of Nithsdale, who
married Winifred, daughter of William Marquis of Powis of the Kingdom of
England, and has issue with her,.

136 OF THE SALTIER OR SAUTOIR.

The achievement of the Earl of NITHSDALE, argent, an eagle displayed sable,
beaked and membred gules, surmounted of an escutcheon of the first, charged with
a saltier of the second, and surcharged in the centre with a hurcheon .or ; crest, a
stag, proper, attired argent, couchant before an holly bush, proper ; supporters, two
stags, proper, attired argent ; for motto, Revimco. Of the branches of this ancient
and noble family, the eldest and principal one is Maxwell of Nether-Pollock, in
the shire of Renfrew ; the first of which was Sir John, brother to Sir Herbert
Maxwell of Carlaverock, in the reign of Alexander III. : Of whom is descended
Sir John Maxwell of Pollock, possessor and representative of that family, who was
honoured with the dignity of knight-baronet by King Charles II. the I2th of
April 1682 ; and in the year 1699, came to be one of the Senators of the College
of Justice, and Lord Justice Clerk. He carries for arms, argent, on a saltier sable,
an annulet or, a maternal difference from the House of Eglinton ; crest, a stag's
head; with the motto, / am ready ; supporters, two monkeys or apes, proper ; as
in the Plate of Achievements. Which supporters I have seen on a seal of one of
his progenitors, lairds of Pollock, in the reign of Robert III. appended to a charter,
in the custody of the present Lord Pollock ; which is an early instance of barons
having supporters.

MAXWELL of Calderwood is a branch of Nether-Pollock ; the first of which
House was Robert, second son of Sir John Maxwell of Pollock, from whom he got
the lands of Calderwood, in the year 1401. He married Elizabeth, daughter and
one of the co-heirs of Sir Robert Denniston of that Ilk, and got with her several
lands ; upon which account the family for a long time has been in use to quarter
the arms of Denniston with their own, thus, quarterly, first and fourth argent, a
,-altier sable, and a chief paly of six pieces of the last and first, as in our old books
of blazon, so illuminated, in the House of Falahall, with other barons, members of
Parliament, in the year 1604: But, in the Lyon Register, Alexander Maxwell of
Calderwood's arms are thus recorded ; quarterly, first and fourth argent, a saltier
sable, within a bordure counter-componed of the second and first ; second and
third quartees, argent, a bend azure, for Denniston ; crest, a man's head looking
upright, proper : motto, Think on.

Colonel WILLIAM MAXWELL of Cardiness, only son of Mr William Maxwell,
\vhose grandfather was William Maxwell of Newland, a second son of Sir Gavin
Maxwell of Calderwood, carries the quartered arms of that family as last blazoned,
all within a bordure embattled gules, for his difference ; crest, a man's head looking
foreright, within two laurel branches, disposed orle-ways vert : motto, Think on.
Lyon Register. See the Plate of Achievements.

EUSXACHE MAXWELL of Teyling in Angus, second son of Sir Herbert Maxwell of
Carlaverock, got the lands of Teyling, by marrying Agnes, one of the daughters
and co-heirs of Sir John GifFord of Yester, whose seal and arms had only a saltier,
in the year 1421, as I told before in my Essay of the Ancient and Modern Use of
Arms, page 98. He was the first of the family of Teyling, who afterwards had a
suitable difference in the Lyon Register since the year 1601.

PATRICK MAXWELL of Teyling, argent, on a saltier sable, a man's heart or; crest,
a falcon looking to the sun, proper : motto, /'// bide Broadalbine.

JOHN MAXWELL of Lackiebank, descended of the house of Teyling, argent,
on a saltier table, between two stars in chief and base azure, a man's heart or ;
crest, a falcon looking to a star : motto, Tendit ad astra. Lyon Register.

Sir ALEXANDER MAXWELL of Monreith, Baronet, descended of Sir Edward Max-
well, second son of Sir Herbert Maxwell of Carlaverock, and his Lady ,

daughter of Herbert Herris of Tereagles, progenitors of the Earls of Nithsdale,
• •arries argent, a double eagle displayed sable, beaked and membred gules, on its
breast an escutcheon of the first, charged with a saltier of the second, surcharged
in the centre with a hurcheon, or ; all within a bordure gules, with the badge of
Knight Baronet by way of canton, in the dexter chief point ; crest, an eagle ris-
sable, beaked and membred gules: motto, Reviresco. Lyon Register.

JOHN MAXWELL of Barucleugh, descended of a second brother of Kirkonel, who

\\us descended of Thomas, a second son of Robert, first Lord Maxwell, argent, a

ifr sable, within a bordure of the last, charged with eight lozenges of the first;

OF THE SALTIER OR SAUTOIR. TI-»

% • /

crest, an eagle's talon holding a writing quill, proper: motto, Non sine usu. L
Register.

WILLIAM MAXWELL of Loch, descended of the family of Nithsdale, ardent, a
saltier within a bordure sable, the last charged with eight roses of the first ; c.
•A hart couchant, Ins attirings wreathed about with holly leaves, all proper : motto,
Semper viridis. Lyon Register.

ROBERT MAXWELL of Garnsalloch, descended of George, eldest son of Sir Her-
bert Maxwell of Carlaverock, and his second Lady, Catharine, daughter to the Lord
Seaton, argent, a saltier sable, with a bordure of the last, charged with eight cres-
cents or, the figures of Seaton ; crest, a stag rising from an holly bush, proper :
motto, tfresco tj? surgo. Lyon Register.

Colonel THOMAS MAXWELL, Cuiarter-master General to his Majesty's forces in
England, son to James Maxwell of Littlebar, who was a second son of Maxwell of
Kirkonell, a second son of Robert, first Lord Maxwell, argent, a saltier sable, with-
in a bordure embattled gules ; crest, a stag lodged under a bush of holly, proper :
motto, Non dormio. Lyon Register.

Many of the surname of NAPIER carry a saltier ; and some of that name carry a
bend. The Napiers were numerous of old with us about the year 1296. In Prynne's
History, page 655, there are Matthew de Napier le Aghelerk in Forfarshire, John
le Napier in Dumbartonshire, and several others of that name who swore allegi-
ance to King Edward the first of England. William Napier got from King David
II. the lands of Kilmacheugh in Dumbartonshire, which formerly belonged to the
co-heiresses of Sir William Montefix, as by that king's charter of the date 1346,
in Pub. Arch. The armorial bearing of John Napier of Kilmacheugh, as record-
ed in the Lyon Register, is, gules on a bend argent, three crescents azure, and, in
the sinister chief point, a spur-rowel of the second ; crest, a man's head adorned
with laurel, proper : motto, Virtute gloria parta.

NAPIER of Wrightshouses carried or, on a bend azure, a crescent between two
spur-rowels of the first, as in Mr Font's Book of Blazons.

What NAPIER of Merchiston, the most eminent family of the name, carried of
old, I know not ; but since John Napier of Merchiston married Margaret Mon-
teith, daughter and co-heir of Murdoch Monteith of Ruskie, and one of the heirs
of line to Duncan Earl of Lennox, in the reign of King James II. they have been
in use to carry only the arms of Lennox, viz. argent, a saltier ingrailed, cantoned
with four roses gules; their sons were, Archibald who succeeded, and John Napier
of Balerno. Archibald's son, Sir Alexander Napier of Merchiston, lost his life at
Flodden Field, pth September 1513, as did his son Alexander, at the battle of
Pinkie, loth September 1547, whose son and successor, Sif Archibald, was knighted
by King James VI. and made Master of the Mint 1587. He went generally by
the title of Edinbelly, and married first Janet, daughter of Mr Francis Bothwell,
one of the Senators of the College of Justice in the reign of King James V. ances-
tor to the Lord Holyroodhouse; by whom he had John, his son and heir. After her
death he married a daughter of Moubray of Bambougle, by whom he had Sic
Alexander Napier of Lauriston, one of the Senators of the College of Justice in
the reign of King Charles I.

JOHN NAPIER of Merchiston succeeded his father, and was very famous for his
learning, especially in the mathematics ; his logarithms, and his other works that
have been published, remain as monuments of his sublime parts and penetration.
He married, first, Margaret, daughter to Sir James Stirling of Keir, by whom he
had Sir Archibald ; and after her death lie married Agnes, daughter of Sir James
Chisholm of Cromlicks, by whom he had (as in Mr Crawfurd's Peerage) John Na-
pier of Easter Torry, Mr Robert Napier, of whom the branch of the Napiers of
Kilcroich, Mr Alexander Napier of Gellets, William Napier of Ardmore, of whom
also is Napier of Craiganet, Adam, of whom the Napiers of Blackston are de-
scended. The great Merchiston died ^d of April 1617, aged 67, and was suc-
ceeded by his eldest son, who was Lord Treasurer Depute 1624, as also Justice
Clerk, and afterwards by King Charles I. made a lord of Parliament, by the title
of Lord Napier, in the year 1627. He stood firm in his loyalty to his Majesty in
the worst of times, and accompanied James Marquis of Montrose to the battle of
Philiphaugh, whose sister, Margaret, he had for his lady. She bore to him Archi-

Mm,

r$8. OF THE SALTIER OR SAUTOIR.

bald Lord Napier, who married Elizabeth, daughter to John Earl of Marr, by
whom he had Archibald, his son and successor, and John, who lost his life in the
sea fight against the Dutch 1672 ; as also three daughters, Jean, married to Sir
Thomas Nicolson of Carnock, Margaret to John Brisbane, Esq. Secretary to the
Royal Navy, and resident from King Charles II. at the Court of France, and
\Liry who died young. Archibald Lord Napier made a resignation of his honour
in the hands of King Charles II. who was pleased to confer the title again by a
new patent, of the date the 7th of February 1677, on him and the heirs of his
body ; which failing, on the heirs of the bodies of his sisters successively. And
he dying a bachelor 1683, the honour of Lord Napier devolved to

Sir THOMAS NICOLSON of Carnock, his nephew, by his sister: but he dying young,
the honour devolved on Margaret his aunt, who, by Mr Brisbane, her husband, had
issue John Master of Napier, who died unmarried 1704; likewise a daughter Eliza-
beth, married 1699 to Mr William Scott, then son and heir apparent to Francis
Scott of Thirlestane, Baronet, to whom she had a son, Francis, the present Lord
Napier, and daughters who died young. She dying 1705, and her mother Margaret
Lady Napier 1706, the honour of Lord Napier devolved to her grandson by her
daughter, Sir William Scot's son, Francis, the present Lord Napier, who quarters
the arms of his father with these of the Lord Napier, thus, quarterly, first and
fourth argent, a saltier ingrailed, cantoned with four roses g ules, for Napier; second
and third or, on a bend azure, a mullet betwixt two crescents of the first, within
a double tressure flowered and counterflowered of the second, for Scott of Thirle-
stane; which arms are timbred with crown, helmet, and mantlings befitting his qua-
lity, and issuing out of a wreath of his tinctures ; for crest, a right arm from the
elbow grasping a crescent, proper; and above, on an escrol, for motto, Sans tache ;
supported on the dexter by an eagle, proper, and on the sinister by a chevalier in
a coat of mail, holding a spear with a pennon, all proper; and below the shield, by
way of compartment, on the embattlement of a tower, argent, massoned sable,
six lances disposed saltier-ways ; with this motto, Ready ay ready.

The arms of the branches of this family, as they stand recorded in the Lyon
Register, are these,

ALEXANDER NAPIER, descended of a sixth son of Napier of that Ilk, argent, on
a saltier ingrailed, between four roses gules, a flower-de-luce or, for his differ-
ence ; crest, a dsxter hand erected, holding a crescent argent: motto, Sans tache.

ARCHIBALD NAPIER of Balwhaple, descended of a third son of Napier, carries
Napier with a mullet for difference ; crest, an eagle's leg erased in bend, proper,
armed gules : motto, Usque fidelis.

WILLIAM NAPIER of Ballikinranie, in the Lennox, one of the oldest cadets
of Napier, carries Napier within a bordure gules; crest, a dexter hand holding an
eagle's leg erased in bend, proper, armed gules : motto, Nil veretur veritas.

Mr THOMAS NAPIER of Ballicharne, descended of a second son of Ballikinranie,
carries as Ballikinranie ; but, for his difference, charges the bordure with eight cres-
cents argent; crest, an eagle's leg erased, proper, armed gules, disposed fesse-ways :
motto Vincit veritas.

Mr ROBERT NAPIER of Falside carries Napier within a bordure indented gules,
for his difference ; crest, two hands conjoined, and both grasping a sword, proper :
motto, Absque dedecore.

JAMES NAPIER of Harrieston, a second brother of Mr Robert Napier of Falside,
carries the same with him ; but, for difference, charges the bordure with eight
crescents argent.

WILLIAM NAPIER of Tayock carries Napier, within a bordure indented gules,
charged with eight martlets argent : motto, Patientia vlncit.

WILLIAM NAPIER of Culcreuch, descended of a third son of the House of Napier,
carries Napier, thus ; argent, on a saltier ingrailed betwixt four roses gules, five
mullets of the field ; crest, a hand holding an eagle's leg erased, proper, the
talons expanded gules : motto, Fides servata secundat. As in the Plate of Achieve-
ments.

GLENEAGLES of that Ilk in Perthshire, argent, a saltier ingrailed sable; which

t'amily ending in an heiress, in the reign of Robert the Bruce, was married to

'' Haldane of that Ilk, an ancient family in the south, descended from Haldenus a

OF THE SALTIER OR SA0TO1R. 1 3..,

Dane, who possessed these lands in the Borders, called after him Haldune, or Hal-
denrig, progenitor of Roger de Halden, who had a charter from King William, of
lands in Perthshire, as Sir James Dalrymple, in his Collections, page 392. He
carried for arms, as I observe in our old books, and in Mr Font's Manuscript, gules,
two leopards argent; but Haldane of that Ilk, it seems, when he married the
heiress of Gleneagles, laid aside his proper arms, and carried these of his wife ; but
retained the name of Haldane : Afterwards, this family, having matched with one of
the name of Graham, quartered the arms of Graham, and that anciently : For
Bernard Haldane of Gleneagles, who married a daughter of William Lord Seaton,
has the arms of Graham, VVL. argent, on a chief sable, three escalops at; quartered
with Gleneagles, before blazoned, impaled with his lady's, as is to be seen on the
genealogical tree of the House of Seaton. His son, John, married Agnes Monteith,
one of the co-heiresses of Monteith of Ruskie, and of Duncan Earl of Lennox by
her mother. He left out the arms of Graham, and placed the arms of Montcith
and Lennox, as now in the bearing of the present John Haldane of Gleneagles ;
quarterly, first argent, a saltier ingrailed sable, for Gleneagles ; second argent, a
saltier ingrailed, cantoned with four roses gules, for Lennox ; third or, a bend
cheque, sable and argent, for Monteith of Ruskie ; and the fourth . as the first ;
crest, an eagle's head erased or: motto, Suffer. Lyon Register. Supporters, two
eagles, proper. For the aforesaid marriage with Monteith, I have seen a principal
charter of John Haldane of Gleneagles, and his wife Agnes Monteith, to Matthew
Forrester, of the lands of Ballen, 1463, wherein he is designed Johannes de Halden,
filius bares apparens Bernardi de Halden de Gleneagles, y Agnes de Monteitb sponsor
suee. His seal was appended to the charter, but it had only a saltier ingrailed ;
and his wife used the seal of William Murray of Touchadam (of which after-
wards), because she had not a seal of her own, as the charter bears, quia propriuni
sigillum non habui.

PATRICK HALDANE of Lanrick, as a second son of the family of Gleneagles, carried
the same with Gleneagles, with a crescent in the centre for his difference. Lyon
Register.

KINNAIRD of that Ilk, in the shire of Perth gules, a saltier ingrailed and cantoned
with four crescents or. This was the original family of the name, in the shire of
Perth. Radolphus Rufus got the barony of Kinnaird from King William the Lion :
The principal charter I saw in the custody of Mr George Kinnaird, brother to the
late Lord Kinnaird, with another charter from the same king confirming it : From
these lands Radolphus Rufus took his surname Kinnaird, which descended to all his
issue. The principal family was long since extinct ; but the next branch thereof,
was Kinnaird of Inchture, which began in Reginald Kinnaird, son of Sir Richard
Kinnaird of that Ilk. He married Marjory, daughter and heir of Sir John Kirkaldy,
and with her got the lands of Inchture, of which I have seen a charter of con-
firmation to him and her, and to the children to be begotten betwixt them, grant-
ed by King Robert III. dated at Perth, the 28th of January 1399, the loth year
of his reign : Sir George Kinnaird of Inchture was created a Lord of Parliament,
by the title of Lord Kinnaird of Inchture, in the year 1663, by King Charles II.
whose achievement is, quarterly, first and fourth or, a fesse waved between three
stars gules, upon what account I know not ; second and third gules, a saltier can-
toned with four crescents or, for Kinnaird ; crest, a crescent arising from a cloud,
having a star from between the horns thereof, all within two branches of a palm-
tree, disposed orle-ways, proper ; supporters, two naked men wreathed about the
head and middle, with oaken leaves, their hands, that support the shield, in chains,
hanging down to their feet, and their other hands holding garlands of laurel, all
proper ; and for motto, above the crest on an escrol, Erraniia himina fallunt, and
below, on the compartment upon which the supporters stand, Certa cruce salus.

Sir GEORGE KINNAIRD of Inchture, his arms recorded in the Lyon Register 1673,
are, quarterly, first and fourth gules, a saltier between four crescents or, for
Kinnaird ; second and third gules, three stars argent, for Kirkaldy of Inchture ;
crest, a garland of laurel vert : motto, £>ui patitur vincit.

The Illuminated Book of the herald Esplin gives for arms to KINNAIRD of that
Ilk, quarterly, first and fourth argent, three mullets azure, for the name of Innes ;•
second and third gules, three crescents argent, for Kinnaird. But Mr Pont, in hi;

OF THE SALTIER OR SAUTOIR,

Blazons, gives to Kinnaird of that Ilk, as before ; and to KINNAIRD of the Carss,
quarterly, first and fourth gules, three crescents or, for his paternal coat ; second
and third argent, three mullets azure, for Innes : So that I observe the family of
Kinnaird has been very unfixed in their armorial bearing.

WINTON of Strathmartin, ermine, a saltier sable ; Font's Manuscript; and so says
JEsplin. But in our New Register,

PATRICK WINTON of Strathmartin has argent, a cheveron betwixt three turtle-
doves azure ; and for crest, a dove volant, proper.

The name of CHAPMAN, vert, a saltier ingrailed betwixt four boars' heads erased
argent ; as in Sir James Balfour's and Mr Font's Manuscripts.

Some of the name of SMITH, or, a saltier azure, betwixt four crescents gules.
Font's Manuscript.

SMITH of Gibliston, argent, a saltier azure, between two crescents in chief and
base gules, and as many garbs of the second in the flanks, banded or, in Sir George
Mackenzie's Heraldry.

JOHN SMITH, Portioner of Dirleton, argent, on a saltier azure, between three
crescents gules, one in chief, two in the flanks, and a chessrock in base sable, a
garb of the field ; crest, a dexter hand holding a writing quill, proper : motto, Ex
usu commodum. L. R.

The surname of ANDREWS, gules, a saltier or, charged with another vert. Font's
Manuscript. And there,

ANDERSON, argent, a saltier ingrailed sable, betwixt four mullets gules.

JAMES ANDERSON of Wester-Airderbreck, argent, a saltier ingrailed, between
two mullets in chief gules, and as many boars' heads erased in the flanks azure ;
crest, an oak tree ; with the motto, Stand sure. Lyon Register. And there,

JOHN ANDERSON of Dowhill, argent, a saltier ingrailed sable , betwixt a crescent •
in chief, and three mullets in the flanks, and base gules, all within a bordure
azure.

JOHN ANDERSON in Aberdeen, argent, a saltier waved, between two mullets in
the flanks, and a crescent in base gules ; crest, a cross-staff erected, marked with
the degrees of latitude ; with the motto, P&- mare. In the Lyon Register ; and
there the following Andersons, via.

WILLIAM ANDERSON, Merchant in Edinburgh, argent, a saltier ingrailed, canton-
ed with a mullet in chief, two crescents in the flanks, and a cross crosletfocbe, in
base gules.

JAMES ANDERSON of Stabcross, argent, a saltier ingrailed sable, betwixt a crescent
in chief, and two mullets in fesse, and one in base gules.

JOHN ANDERSON, Captain and Merchant in Glasgow, descended of the family of
Tillielum, argent, a saltier ingrailed, cantoned with two mullets in chief and
base, as many crescents in the flanks gules ; crest, a cloud : motto, Recte quod
boneste.

ALEXANDER ANDERSON, Merchant and Bailie in Edinburgh, argent, a saltier in-
grailed sable, betwixt a crescent in chief, and three mullets pierced of the field,
two in fesse, and one in base gules ; crest, an eagle issuing out of the wreath ; with
the motto, ®>iii boneste fortiter.

The surname of ANDREW or ANDREWS, with us, does not carry the saltier as the
Andersons, though their name be as much relative to St Andrew's cross as the
former ; as in our own Register.

PATRICK ANDREW of Clockmill, argent, on a fesse sable , three mascles or, in base
a crescent gules, and on a chief azure, three mullets of the field ; crest,, a dexter
hand holding a laurel branch, proper : motto, Virtute 1st for tuna.

ROBERT ANDREW of Nether-Tarvet, parted per bend, argent and azure, three
mullets counter-changed, two and one ; crest, a star or : motto, Give and forgive.
Lyon Register.

The COMPANY of SCOTLAND, trading to Africa and the Indies, established by the
8th Act of the 5th Session of King William's Parliament, the 26th of June 1695,
and endowed with many privileges, as also with power, as the act bears, to have a
common seal, and to alter and renew the same at their pleasure, with advice al-
ways of the Lyon King at Arms, carried azure, a saltier (or St Andrew's cross
argent') cantoned, with a ship under sail, flagged of Scotland in chief, proper ; and

OF THE SALTIER OR SAUTOIR. i4r

in base, a Peruvian sheep, in the dexter flank, a camel loaded, and, in the sinister,
an elephant bearing a turret, all of the second ; crest, a rising sun, proper, supported
on the dexter by an Indian, and on the sinister by a negro, in their proper dress,
each bearing on his shoulder a cornucopia, proper, standing on a table of com-
partment, whereon are these words, Vis unita Junior, and above all, on an escrol,
for motto, ^ua pttnditur orbis. Lyon Register.

Which arms are to be seen on the one side of the medal that was struck by
order of the Company for Colonel Alexander Campbell, of Finnab, of whom
afterwards. See Plate of Achievements.

PITTENDREICH of that Ilk, an ancient family, now extinct, argent, a saltier azure
between four roses gules.

BEATSON of Contle, or, a saltier vair; Sir George Mackenzie's Heraldry ; crest,
a bridge of three arches, proper : motto, Pro patria. Lyon Register.

The surname of WEDDEL, azure, a saltier cheque, or and gules, between four
buckles argent. Font's Manuscript.

LITTLE of Meikledale, sable, a saltier ingrailed argent. The same is carried by
LITTLE of Libberton, as in Sir George Mackenzie's Science of Heraldry, with a
crescent for difference ; crest, a leopard's head or : motto, Magnum in parvo.
Lyon Register.

POWR.IE of Woodcocksholm, in the shire of Linlithgow, argent, a saltier ingfailed
gules, surmounted of another or, cantoned with four bugles sable ; crest, a hunt-
ing-horn azure, garnished gules : motto, Vespere U" mane. Lyon Register.

Sir MARK. CARSE of Fordelcarse, argent, on a saltier vert, betwixt four cross
croslets fitched gules, five crescents of the field. But Pont gives to the name of
Curse, azure, a fesse ingrailed between two mullets in chief, and a crescent in base
within a bordure ingrailed or.

The surname of CURRIE, gules, a saltier with a rose in chief argent. The same
was borne by CURRIE of Newby ; and CURRIE of Kelwood carried the same with a
chief sable, as in Font's Manuscript.

CLARKSON, argent, a saltier vert, between two crescents gules in chief and base,
and as many cross croslets fitched sable in the flanks.

The surname of CHRISTIE, or, a saltier cantoned with four mullets sable . The
same is carried by CHRISTIE of Craigton ; but the saltier is invected ; crest, a holly
branch withered, with leaves sprouting out anew : motto, Sic viresco. Lyon
Register.

PATRICK CHRISTIE, Merchant in Aberdeen, or, a saltier indented betwixt four
mullets sable.

JAMES CHRISTIE of Balluchie, or, a saltier ingrailed between four mullets sable .
Lyon Register.

The name of WALSH, argent, on a saltier sable, five annulets or. Font's
Manuscript. These of that name in England carry azure, six mullets, three, two,
and one, or*

RIGG of Carberry, argent, on a saltier azure, between four mullets, a crescent
or. Font's Manuscript.

I have seen the armorial seal of Mr Hugh Rigg of Carberry appended to a writ
of his, as tutor to Margaret, daughter to George Lord Home, in the year 1546;
upon which was a saltier between three mullets, one in chief, two in the flanks,
and a crescent in base.

Mr THOMAS RIGG of Riggsland, descended of Carberry, vert, a St Andrew's
Cross ingrailed argent, between a mullet in chief, two garbs in fesse, and three
roses in base or, within a bordure of the third, charged with eight crescents of the
field ; crest, a cock sable, beaked and armed gules : motto^ Virtute *i3 labore.
Lyon Register. *

GARTHSHORE of that Ilk, argent, a saltier between four holly leaves vert; crest, an
eagle displayed, proper : motto, / renew my age. Lyon Register.

Having given before, in this chapter, the armorial bearings of the principal
family of Bruce, I shall now add the bearings of some of the families of that
name.

BRUCE of Clackmanan, in our latter times, has worn out all brisures and marks
of cadency, and carries now the principal bearing, or, a saltier and chiet g ules. But

X42 OF THE SALTIER OR SAUTOIR.

I have seen a seal of arms of John Bruce of Clackmanan, appended to a writ in
the year 1481, which had on the chief a star or mullet.

The first of this family was ROBERT BRUCK, who got a charter of the castle and
barony of Clackmanan from King David the Bruce : In which charter he is de-
signed, by that King, Dilectits consanguineus noster. From the lairds of Clackman-
an all the families of the Bruces, since the reign of that King, seein to be de-
scended.

BRUCE of Airth, the first of which family was David, second son to Robert the
first laird of Clackmanan, and his wife Elizabeth Stewart, daughter to Sir Robert
Stewart of Rosy th. This family carried of late as Clackmanan did of old; viz.
or, a saltier and chief gules, the last charged with a mullet of the field.

BRUCE of Blairhall, another branch of the house of Clackmanan, carries the
same arms with Clackmanan, with some small difference.

This family ended lately in an heiress married to Mr Dougald Stewart, Advocate,
brother to James Earl of Bute.

BRUCE Earl of Elgin in Scotland, and Aylesbury in England, being descended
of Edward Bruce, a younger son of Bruce of Blairhall, a man of singular parts,
was sent ambassador with the Earl of Marr, from King James, to Queen Eliza-
beth ; and being eminently instrumental in the peaceful entrance of King James,
after the death of that C^ueen, into the throne of England, by the intelligence
which he privately held in her lifetime, with Sir Robert Cecil her Secretary of
State. In recompense of this his faithful service, he had the great office of Master
of tlie Rolls conferred on him for life, in the first year of the reign of King James
I. of Great Britain ; and the next year, was advanced to the dignity of a Baron,
by the title of Lord Bruce of Kinloss, and Earl of Elgin in Scotland. He died
the i4th of January 1610, having issue by Magdalen his wife, daughter of Sir
Alexander Clerk of Balbirnie, Edward and Thomas, and a daughter, Christian,
married to William Earl of Devonshire. Edward succeeded his father in his ho-
nours, but had the hard fate to be killed in a duel by Sir Edward Sackville, after-
wards Earl of Dorset ; whereupon Thomas, his brother, became his next heir, and
succeeded him in the honours, and had additional ones bestowed on him by
King Charles I. the iyth year of his reign, being advanced to the dignity of a
baron in England, by the title of Lord Bruce of Whorleton. His son and succes-
sor Robert was, by King Charles II. in the i6th year of his reign, created Lord
Bruce of Skelton, Viscount Bruce of Ampthil, and Earl of Aylesbury in England..
The arms of this noble family are, or, a saltier and chief gules, on a canton
argent, a lion rampant azure ; which last are the original arms of the Bruces of
Skelton, thus blazoned by Jacob Imhoff; Scutum, quo Comes Alisburry utitur, aureum
est, decussim continent rubeum ccephaloque dist'mftum ejusdem colons ; cujus angulus
dexter argenteus leonem caruleum defcrt. Which arms are supported by two savages,
proper ; and for crest, a lion rampant : with the motto, Fuimus.

The other cadet of the family of Blairhall was Sir GEORGE BRUCE of Carnock,
third son to Edward Bruce of Blairhall, predecessor to the Earl of KINCARDINE ;
who carry quarterly, first and fourth argent, a lion rampant azure, armed and
langued gules, the ancient arms of the Bruces of Skelton ; second and third or, a
^altier and chief gules, the arms of those descended of the Bruces of Annandale ;
supporters, two men in armour with targets : and for crest, a naked arm flexed,
issuing out of a cloud, and holding a man's heart, proper ; with the motto, Semper
fidelis. This £imily was honoured with the title of Earl of Kincardine by King
Charles I. 26th December 1647.

BRUCE of Kennet, carries the old arms of Clackmanan, viz. or, a saltier and
chief gulfs, the last charged with a mwllet urgent', crest, a hand holding a sceptre,
proper r motto, Fuimus. The first of this family was Thomas Bruce, a younger
son of Robert Bruce, Dominus de Rate \S Clackmanan, who got from his father the
lands of West-Kennet, as by the charter of the date the 2d May 1389 ; which is
confirmed by another charter of King Robert 111. anno 1399 ; from whom is li-
neally descended the present Laird of Kennet, Brigadier-General James Bruce.

JAMES BRUCE of Wester-Kinloch, descended of the family of Airth, argent, a
saltier and chief gules, with a mullet in the dexter chief point or ; all within a

OF THE SALTIERS OR SAUTOIR.

bordure indented of* the second ; crest, a star or ; with the motto, Ad summa zv;
tus. Lyon Register.

ALEXANDR BRUCE of Garvet, a cadet of Airth, or, a talticxgukt, on u chief em-
battled of the same a mullet argent; crest, a, hand holding a sword, proper; with
the motto, Venture forward.

Sir WILLIAM BRUCE of Balcaskie, Baronet, descended of Clackmanan, or, a sal-
tier and chief waved gules ; crest, a sun going down : motto, Irrtvocabilc ; sup-
porters, two cranes proper. These three last UttOOfl are in the Lyon Register.

BRUCE of Earlshall, sometime designed of Byrgham in the Merse. In the reign
of King James IV. Sir Alexander Bruce excambed his lands called Escario, in France,
which his predecessors had acquired by their valour there; with the Lord Mony penny,
for the barony of Earlshall in Fife, which was anciently one of the seats of the old
Earls of Fife. As in Sir Robert Sibbald, his History of Fife. The armorial bear-
ing of this family is, of, a saltier and chief gules, in the collar point a flower-de-
luce azure.

BRUCE of Wester-Abten, descended of Earlshall, or, a saltier gules, on a chief of
the last, three flower-de-luce's of the first. Lyon Register.

BRUCE of Newton, argent, a saltier apd chief embattled gules ; crest, an eagle's
head couped, proper : motto, Spes mea superne. Lyon Register.

ANDREW BRUCE of Mowance, descended of the family of Cultmalins, quarterly,
first and fourth or, a saltier and chief gules, the last charged with a mullet of the
field ; second and third gules, a lion rampant within a bordure ingrailed argent, for
the name of Gray ; crest, a dexter hand holding a heart, proper ; with the motto,
Omnia vincit amor.

WILLIAM BRUCE of Pitterthie, of the family of Standstill in Caithness, or, a saltier
and chief gules, with two spur-rowels in the flanks of the last; crest, a horse-head
couped and furnished, proper, with the word True. Lyon Register.

Mr JOHN FRANK of Boughtridge, vert, on a saltier ingrailed argent, five flower-
de-luces of the first; crest, a lion salient, with a forked tail, proper; and with the
motto, Non omnibus nati. Lyon Register.

The surname of WALKER, or, three pallets gules, surmounted of a saltier argent,
and on a chief azure, a crescent of the third, between two spur-rowels of the first.
Pont's MS.

The surname of BAKER, argent, on a saltier ingrailed sable, five escalops of the
first, and, on a chief of the second, a lion passant of the field. Pont's Manu-
script.

Many honourable and ancient families with us carry the saltier and chief; as
those of the surname of JQHNSTONE gave for arms, of old, argent, a saltier and chief
sable, on the last, three cushions of the field, as in our old books of blasons; but
of late argent, a saltier sable, and, on a chief gules, three cushions or, as decended oi
the Tribus Alani, of which that noble patriot, Thomas Randolph, wras chief; the
cushion being the paternal figures of the Randolphs. The JOHNSTONES were very
numerous, says Hector Boece, in the reign of Robert II. Sir John Johnstone of
that Ilk, upon that king's accession to the crown, defeat a great body of the Eng- '
lish invading Scotland, on the West Border ; and in the year 1448, according to
Buchannan, the Maxwells and Johnstones obtained a noble victory over the English,
in the battle at Sark, near Salway. This family was dignified with the title of
Lord Johnstone by King Charles I. the 2Oth of January 1633; and thereafter with
the title of Earl of Hartfield, which, by King Charles II. was changed to that of
Annandale, and of late dignified with the title of Marquis of Annandale. The
Right Honourable William Marquis of Annandale, chief of this name, carries the
foresaid arms of Johnstone, quartered with or, an anchor in pale gules, having mar-
ried the heiress of FAIRHOLM of Craigiehall : which arms are supported with two
horses argent, furnished gules ; crest, a spur with wings or, and leather gules :
motto, Nunquam non parntus.

Sir GILBERT JOHNSTONE of Elphingston in East Lothian, was eldest son by a
nid marriage of Sir John Johnstone of that Ilk, one of the progenitors of the

present Marquis of Annandale, and his wife Dunbar, daughter to the

Earl of March, and widow to John Lord Seaton. This Sir Gilbert married Agnes
Elphingston, sole heiress of Elphingston of that Ilk; wlro, by the assistance of his
uterine brother, George Lord Seaton, superior and Over-Lord of Elphingston, got

144 OF THE SALTIER OR SAUTOIR.

possession of these lands in the reign of King James II. He was succeeded by his
son Gilbert Johnstone, and the family continued in a lineal male succession till the
reign of King Charles II. who. carried for arms, quarterly, first or, three crescents
within a double tressure flowered and counter-flowered gules, for Seaton, as superior
and over-lord ; second argent, a saltier, and, on a chief sable, three cushions of the
field for Johnstone; third azure, three garbs or, for Buchan, as carried by the Lord
Seaton ; and the fourth as first which arms are curiously embossed and illuminat-
ed ou a roof of a Hall in the house of Seaton. But in the Illuminated Book of
Arms by James Esplin, Marchmont Herald 1630, they are, quarterly, first Sea-
ton; third and fourth Johnstone, and the fourth for the name of Elphingston argent,
a cheveron sable between three boars' heads couped gules.

JOHNSTONE of Gratney, another cadet of Johnstone of that Ilk ; oil- an old stone
on the front of the house of Gratney, of the date 1598, is the shield of arms of
Johnstone of that Ilk, with the addition of two mullets, the one in the collar, and
the other in base points; crest, a man armed cap-a-pie on horseback, brandishing a
word: motto, Nunquam nmi paratus. But as matriculated in the Lyon Register, he
lately carries argent, a saltier sable, and, on a chief gules, three cushions or; crest,
as above ; with the motto, Cave paratus. As in the plate of Achievements.

JOHNSTONE of Westraw, or Westerhall, is descended of Herbert Johnstone, cousin
to John Johnstone of that Ilk, who got from him, for his concurring to oppose the
rebellion of the Earl of Douglas against King James II. the lands of Westerhall
and Pittenain, in Lanarkshire, from whom Sir William Johnstone of Westraw,
Baronet, is lineally descended : the family has been in use to carry the principal
bearing of the name, as before blazoned, and for difference, a man's heart ensign-
ed, with an imperial crown, proper, in base, being a part of the Douglasses bear-
ing, to perpetuate the memory of the apprehending of Douglas Earl of Ormond,
then in rebellion, by his predecessor ; and for crest and motto, those of the Mar-
quis of Annandale. As the plate of Achievements.

JoiiNStoN of Hilton in the Merse, carries the principal arms of Johnston, and
for difference, only ingrailes the saltier ; crest, a sword and dagger crossing other
saltier-ways, with the point upward, all proper: motto, Paratus ad anna. L. R.

JOHNSTON of Benholm, argent, a saltier and chief gules, the last charged with
three cushions or, within a bordure of the first.

JOHNSTON of Blackwood, argent, a saltier and chief sable, the last charged with
three cushions or. As in Workman's MS.

There was an ancient family of the name of Johnston in the North, designed of
Caskieben : Sir George Johnston of Caskieben carried, quarterly, first and fourth
argent, a saltier sable, and on a chief gules, three cushions or, for Johnston; second
and third azure, on a bend between three hearts heads' erased argent, attired or, as
jjiany cross croslets fitched of the second, for Marr, and Garioch of Caskieben,
composed together in one coat, supporters, two Indians, proper, wreathed about the
head and middle with laurel vert ; crest, a phoenix in flames, proper : motto, Vive
ut postea vivas. L R.

JOHN JOHNSTON of Polton, argent, a saltier and chief waved sable, the last char-
ged with three cushions of the field : crest, a spur, proper, winged argent : motto,
Sic paratior. L. R.

JOHN JOHNSTON of Clathrie, sometime one of the Magistrates of Glasgow, argent,
saltier invected sable, between two pellets in fesse, and, on a chief gules, three
cushions or ; crest, a star issuing out of a cloud, proper: motto, Appropinquat dies.
Lyon Register.

Mr JOHN JOHNSTON of Wordmilns, argent, a saltier sable, between two esca-
lops in fesse, and on a chief of the second, three cushions as the first ; crest ;
j band, proper, holding an escallop gules : motto, Sine fraude Jides. Lyon Re-
gister.

PATRICK. JOHNSTON of Gormack, argent, a saltier and chief nebule sable, the
charged with three cushions of the field ; crest, a spur-rowel within two
branches of palm disposed in orle, proper : motto, Securior quo paratior. Lyon
Register.

The JAR.DINES of Applegirth, an ancient family, carries the same arms almost
with the Johnstons, but iu place of the cushions, have mullets, viz. argent, a sal-
tier and chief gules, the last charged with three mullets of the field, so painted or

OF THE SALTIER OR SAUTOIR. 145

the House of Falahall, and of late recorded in rhe Lyon Register, with the c:
a .spur-rowel : motto, Cave adsum.

GEORGE JARDINE, sometime Treasurer of Edinburgh, argent, on a saltier gules^
five besants, and on a chief of the second, two mullets or ; crest, a hand holding a
bc-sant, all proper : motto, Ex virtute bonus. Lyon Register.

KIRKPATRICK. of Kilosburn or Closeburn, in the shire of Nithsdale, argent, a saltier
and chief azure, the last charged with three cushions or; crest, a hand holding a dag-
ger in pale, distilling drops of blood ; with the motto, / make sure ; supporters, two
lions gardant gules. This principal family has been in use to curry supporters since
the year 1435, as by their evidents and seals, which I have seen by the favour of
the lately deceased Sir Thomas Kirkpatrick of Closeburn ; a few of which 1 shall
here mention.

JOHN KiRKi'ATRicK. of Kilosburn obtains a charter of confirmation of the lands
of Kilosburn, which belonged formerly to his ancestors, from King Alexander II.
Roger Kirkpatrick, successor of the foresaid John, whom Buchannan calls Regents
a Cella Patricii, was among the first of those worthies that stood up for the in-
terest of King Robert the Bruce, as he was returning from smiting Red John
Cumin in the church of Dumfries. This Roger Kirkpatrick vent into' the
church, expressing these words, /'// make sicker, or sure, and there gave Cumin
several stabs with a dagger, for which the family has used the dagger for a crest,
and for motto, /'// make sure. Sir Thomas Kirkpatrick succeeded his father Roger
in the barony of Closeburn ; who, for his father's, and his own special services to
his king and country, got the lands of Redburgh, in the sheriffdom of Dumfries,
as the charter of King Robert the Bruce bears, dated at Lochmaben the 4th of
January, and 14th year of his reign. Sir Thomas was succeeded by his son Win-
fr edits de Kirkpatrick, who got the lands of Torthorald. His son, or grandson, Sir
THOMAS KIRKPATKICK. of Closeburn, makes a resignation of the baronies of Closeburn
and Redburgh, in the hands of Robert Duke of Albany, Earl of Fife, and Go-
vernor of Scotland, for a new charter of taihie to himself and his heirs-male, in
which there are several substitutions in favours of his brethren and nephews, too
long here to be mentioned. This charter is dated at Ayr the I4th of October
1409; he was succeeded by his brother Roger Kirkpatrick, who was one of the
gentlemen of inquest, in serving William Lord Somerville, heir to his father
Thomas Lord Somerville, before Sir Henry Preston of Craigmillar, sheriff-principal
and provost of Edinburgh, the loth of June 1435. To this writ of service (which
I have seen in the custody of Somerville of Drum) Roger Kirkpatrick of Close-
hum's seal is appended, upon which are the foresaid armorial figures, viz. a saltier
and chief, the last charged with three cushions ; for crest, a hand holding a dag-
; and for supporters, two lions gardant. This Roger's son and heir was
Thomas, and from him was descended the late Sir Thomas Kirkpatrick of Close-
burn.

TWEEDIE of Drumelzier, an ancient family in Tweeddale, now extinct, argent,
a saltier ingrailed gules, and a chief azure. Font's Pvlanuscript ; which are also
illuminated in the House of Falahall 1604.

GRIER or GRIERSON of Lag, in the shire of Nithsdale, sometimes used for arms,
gules, a saltier and chief argent, the last charged with three cushions of the first,
which I take for a coat of patronage : And at other times carried gules, on a fesse
or, betwixt three quadrangular locks argent, a mullet azure. Font's Manuscript ;
and in the New Register, Sir ROBERT GRIERSON of Lag, gules, on a fesse between
three tetter-locks argent, a mullet azure ; crest, a fetter-lock, as the former : motto,
Hoc securer.

The surname of BOYKS, argent, a saltier and chief azure, as in old illuminated
books of arms ; and Mr Font, in his Blazons, gives the same to BOYES of Pambride.
Edmond Howes, in his History of England, says, when King William returned to
Scotland, from his imprisonment in England 1174, he carried along with him seve-
ral English gentlemen, amongst whom was one of the name of Boyes ; and our
historian. Hector Boece, who should best know the origin of the family from
which he was descended, tells us also, that the first of this name came from
England, and p< . the castle of L^rquhart, which was bravely defended by one
of that name against the usurping English, till death : His heir was saved by being

i46 OF THE SALTIER OR SAUTOIR.

carried by his mother to Ireland, and upon King David II.'s return from France,
he was rewarded with the lands of Pambred or Balbred.

MOFFAT of -that Ilk, sable, a saltier and chief argent ; and others of that name,
argent, a saltier azure, and chief gules, as in Font's Manuscript. And there also,

The name of COWAN, argent, a saltier and chief gules.

The name of BLACKWOOB, argent, a saltier and chief sable, ;the last charged with
three leaves of trees or. Workman's Manuscript. Of this name were the two
famous brothers for learning, Henry and Adam Blackwoods; the first a famous
physician in France, and the other a Counsellor of the Presidial Court of Poictiers,
whom Sir Robert Sibbald, in his Appendix to his History of Fife, brings from a
family of that name in Fife.

TENNENT or TENNAND of Cairns, argent, a saltier and chief .gules, as in Font's
Manuscript. James Tennent of Cairns married a daughter of Hugh Somerville ot
Drum, he was one of the pages to King James VI. In the Lyon Register, James
Tennent of Cairns, argent, a boar's head couped between three crescents sable :
motto, Pro utilitate.

In Sir James Balfour's Manuscript of Blazons I met with one Tennent of that
Ilk, who carried argent, a boar's head couped in chief, and two crescents in the
flanks sable.

JAMES TKNNENT of Lynhouse is witness in a charter of James Lord of St John,
Preceptor of Torphichen, Knight of the Order of St John of Jerusalem, to Gavin
Dundas of Brestrnill, 1558 ; what this James Tennent of Lynhouse carried I know
not: But MUNGO TENNENT, burgess of -Edinburgh, had his seal appended to a re-
version of half of the lands of Leny, the 4th of October 1542, whereupon was a
boar's head in chief, and two crescents in the flanks, and in base the letter M, the
initial letter of his Christian name.

WILLIAM TENNENT of Lennes, argent, a boar's head couped in chief, and two
crescents in base, all within a bordure sable ; crest, a sail, proper : motto, Dabit
Dem vela. L. R.

FRANCIS TENNENT, sometime Provost of Edinburgh, a loyalist for Queen Mary,
was taken prisoner righting valiantly against her enemies 1571 ; as in Mr David
Crawfurd's Memoirs of that Queen.

The name of DRYSDALE, argent, a saltier azure, between four crosses moline
gules, and a chief of the second. Font's Manuscript.

The name of BURRELL, or, a saltier gules, and, on a chief azure, a crescent
argent, between two spur-rowels of the first. Font's Manuscript. And there
also,

TAIT of Pirn, an ancient and principal family of the name, in the shire of
Tvveeddale, argent, a saltier ingrailed, and a chief gules. Which family ended of
late in an heiress, married to Horsburgh of that Ilk, who quarters these arms with
his own, as in the Plate of Achievements.

WILLIAMSON, argent, a saltier betwixt a boar's head erased in chief, and three
stars in the flanks, and base sable. Font's Manuscript.

JOHN WILLIAMSON sometime Bailie of Kirkcaldy, argent, a saltier waved be-
tween two boars' heads erased in chief and base, and as many mullets in the flanks
sable ; with the motto, Modicum niodico erit magnum. Lyon Register.

JAMES WILLIAMSON of Hutchiniield, argent, a saltier between three mullets
in chief, and flanks sable, and a boar's head erased in base gules ; crest, a garb
lying on its side unbound, proper : motto, Modice augetur modicum. Lyon Re-
gister.

The name of BLAW, azure, a saltier argent, and, on a chief or, three cushions
gules : It is said that the first of this name was Johnston, who killed a man with
a blow, for which being obliged to abscond, and change his name, he took that of
Blaw.

Having treated of the saltier, or St Andrew's cross, frequently so called with us,
upon the account of its being the badge of the nation, under its variations of tinc-
tures and accidental forms, and as it is joined with the ordinary the chief, where it
is frequent in the bearings of those, who by descent, relation, or dependence, had
any interest in the south-west parts of Scotland : We will find other figures as
eminently predominating in other places of the kingdom, which is evident by the

OF THE SALTIER OR SAUTOIR. j47

former and following blazons. In England the saltier is to be found -also often in
the arm- of the best families of that nation, and on the ensigns of their episcopal
sees, of which I shall mention a few before I end this chapter.

The EPISCO: r.s'iER, argent, on a saltier ^w/w, an escalop or. The

Episcopal See of Bath and Wells, as before.

ancient and honourable surname of NEVILLE in England, gu/r-t, a Balder
argent: The earls of that name are Salisbury and Warwick, who carried the same,
with the addition of a label of three points : The earls of Kent, the same, witli a
star sable on the centre ; and the Lord Latimer placed an annulet sable on tin-
centre of the saltier ; and Neville Lord Abergavcnny placed a red rose in the centre
of the saltier, for his difference,

Sir FRANCIS LEAK.E of Sutton, descended of an ancient family, of very good ac-
count in Derbyshire, was in anno 1611, advanced to the dignity of baronet, by
King James I. of Great Britain ; and in the 22d year of that king's reign, uas
made, a baron of England, by the title of Lord Deincourt of Sutton ; and in the
2 ist of Charles I. was advanced to the dignity of earl, by the title of Earl of Scars-
dale. He was eminently loyal ; and his two sons were killed in the king's service :
And having himself suffered much for his loyalty in these ruinous times, he be-
came so much mortified '(as the English observe) after the murder of his rightful
sovereign Charles 1. that he apparelled himself in sackcloth, and causing his grave
to be dug some years before his death, laid himself down in it every Friday, exer-
cising himself in divine meditations and prayers. Of him is descended the present
NICHOLAS LEAK.E Earl of SCARSUALE, Lord DEINCOURT, whose arms are argent, on a
saltier ingrailed sable, nine annulets or.

GEK.RARU Earl of MACCLESFIEKD, argent, a saltier gules, charged with an imperial
crown or ; which charge is a late augmentation : For formerly the family used a
crescent, in place of the crown, to difference themselves from the Gerards in Ire-
land, as Imhorf observes, in his Blasonia Regum Pariumque Magna Britannia :
" Solent uti eadem tessera gentilitia, qua Gerardini in Hibernia utuntur, nempe
" decussis rubeus argento in solo, addere tamen consueverunt discerniculi loco
" lunam falcatam nigram." This family was dignified with the title of Lord
Gerard Brandon, in the county of Suffolk, and afterwards with the titles of Vis-
count Brandon, and Earl of Macclesfield, in the year 1679,

MIDDLETON of Leighton, in Lancashire, argent, a saltier ingrailed sable.

When figures are situate after the position of the saltier, they are said (as before
of the other ordinaries) to be in saltier, especially if small figures, but if oblong
ones, saltier-ways, for which the French say range, or pose en sautoir, and the
Latins, in decussim trajecta.

ECCLES of Kildonan, argent, two halberts saltier-ways azure ; and for crest, a
broken halbert ; with the motto, Se defendendo ; as in the Plate of Achievements.

The representative of this family is Doctor William Eccles, an eminent physi-
cian.

ECCLES of Shanock, descended of Kildonan, the same with Kildonan, within a -
bordure gules, for his difference : As in the Lyon Register.

The Papal ensign is two keys saltier-ways adosse, i. e. their wairds outwards.

The EPISCOPAL SEE of PETERBOROUGH, gules, two keys saltier-ways adosse, and can-
toned with four cross croslets bottony, andfecbe or.

The EPISCOPAL SEE of LONDON, gules, two swords saltier-ways argent, hilted and
pommelled or.

The EPISCOPAL SEE of LANDAFF, sable, two crosiers saltier-ways, the dexter or,
Mirmounting the sinister argent, and, on a chief azure, three mitres, with labels of
the second.

The EPISCOPAL SEE of ST ASAPH, sable, two keys saltier-ways adosse argent.

GLOUCESTER SEE, azure, two keys adosse, saltier-ways or.

EXETER SEE, a sword pale-ways argent, the hilt or, surmounted by two ke\
>aJtier-ways adosse of the third. As Dale pursuivant tells us.

I4g OF THE CHEVERON

CHAP, XVII.

OF THE CUEVERON.

THIS honourable Ordinary, the last of the nine, may be said to be made of
the bend dexter-and sinister, issuing from the right and left base points of
the escutcheon, meeting and ending pyramidically in the collar point. The French
say, as Monsieur Baron, that it represents a pair of compasses half open ; and us
Menestrie.r, in his La Science de la Noblesse, " Cheveron est une piece honorable,
" qui represente deux chevrons de charpente assembles, sans aucune division, il de-
" scend du chef vers les extremites de 1'ecu en forme d'un compas a demi-ouvert."

The Cheveron, anciently, as appears by old seals and monuments, reached from
the base to the top of the escutcheon, as fig. i. PL VII. But in latter times the
top of the cheveron reaches no further than the collar point, as by the following
examples. When the first is met within arms, it is said to be a cheveron transposed,
by the English, and hausse by the French.

What the cheveron represents, there are different opinions. Gerard Leigh will
have it to represent the head-attire, which in old times the women-priests used to
wear ; for which it is called by some, signum capitale. But how it came into ar-
mories I cannot fancy, since no other herald is of his opinion. The author of
Tresor Heraldique will have a cheveron to represent a horseman's spur ; a better
fancy than Leigh's.

Some derive the word cheveron from chevre, a goat, because it stands like the
horns of a goat reversed. The Italians call the cheveron, capriolo ; and some, that
write in Latin, say capriolus for a cheveron.

Argot de Molina, a Spanish Herald, and others, will have it to represent a
carpenter's rule, for which it is latined norma, as representing a mechanical instru-
ment. The Spaniards seldom use it in their arms. Mr Peacham, an Englishman,
in his book, is much of this opinion, and observes, that a cheveron is never to be
seen in the armorial ensigns of Kings and Princes, nor as a brisure in the arms ot
their descendants.

Sir JAMES BALFOUR, sometime Lyon King at Arms, in a Manuscript of his, says,
, no King nor Prince should carry a cheveron, because it touches geometry, and re-
presents the couple of a house ; neither, says he, should they bear a Ba>\ because
it is jhe baulk of a couple : whether he takes it here for a carpenter's rule, or the
couple of a house, as the English do, I cannot be positive, but it is generally ob-
served, that the cheveron is seldom or never carried by Kings or Princes.

Menestrier says of the cheveron as of the saltier, and other traverse pieces of
armories, that it may be supposed to be brought from the pieces of timber, which
made up the barriers of tournaments, inclosures of parks, and entries, which are
joined at the upper end, and severed below, like a cheveron. Sylvester Petra
Sancta, in his chapter de Tesserario Cantherio, says, " Ita fit quasi duas institae uno
" nexu jungantur, insistant vero divaricatae cruribus in modum circini, fceciales
" capriolum seu cantherium vocant."

The English generally take the cheveron to represent a pair of barge-couplings,
or rafters, such as carpenters set on the highest part of the house; which is never
complete till these be set up ; and say a. cheveron should be given to those who
have brought any great design to perfection. So that it is the figure of an establish-
ed house, as Guillim ; and is latined tignum, which comes from tego to cover :
for upon couplings or top-rafters of a house is laid the covering of the building-.

After this representation and meaning I find our heralds have taken the
cheveron ; for in some of our old books of blazons, I find the cheveron represented
just like the couple of a house ; as in the arms of GORDON Earl of Aboyne, a
younger son of the family of Huntly, where a cheveron is added to the arms of
Gordon, for a difference ; with these words for motto, Slant caetera tigno, to shew
its signification, and his descent from an established house.

Sir George Mackenzie, in his Science of Heraldry, tells us, that the cheveron is
given by heralds, to such as have supplied and relieved their Prince and country :
and thus the HEPBURNS carry gules, on a cheveron argent, two lions pulling at a

'Tfatc, 7 x-/.

A A A A A

i-,--,,- -. r _,

OF THE CHEVERON.

rose of the first, fig. 7. PI. VII. because the Scots being in a buttle with the

English, and like to be worsted, two brothers of the name of Hepburn opp

ly came in with fresh supplies, and recovered the battle ; and therefore he will

have the cheveron to signify the relief they gave, and the two lions to rc-pre

themselves as Scots, pulling at a rose, the badge of England. But of these arm

afterwards.

Sir George observes also, that ROBERTSON of Struan got a cheveron added t<>
his arms, for apprehending Graham, the murderer of King Jamc-, 1. and that the
family has disused it of late, because of its being frequently used as a mark
cadency : and Struan being chief of the name of Robertson, it were improper to
him upon that account.

The cheveron takes up the third part of the field by the French, but by the
English only the fifth part, whether charged or not ; sometimes our painters and
engravers follow the one or the other, as they think it fit, to make the cheveron
less or more proportionable to the figures which accompany or charge it.

1 shall proceed to treat of the cheveron, in the same method I have done of the
former ordinaries, by giving examples of them plain, under accidental forms,
charged, accompanied, of their diminution, and multiplication, with the blazons
of other figures situate after the position of the cheveron ; and first of a plain
cheveron.

The old Earls of Carrick had for arms, argent, a cheveron g tiles ; as Sir James
Balfour's Blazons, Plate VII. fig. 2.

King William the Lion had given Carrick to Duncan the son of Gilbert, the son of
Fergus of Galloway, and erected it into an earldom 1185, which also became a-
surname to his descendants, who carried the same arms.

Earl DUNCAN was succeeded by his son Niel Earl of Carrick, who was very li-
beral to the monks of the abbacy of Crosragwell, which his father founded. He
departed this life 23d of June 1250, leaving one daughter, Margaret, his sole heir,
who married first Adam de Kilcojicath, who thereupon was Earl of Carrick. He
dying in the Holy Land, without issue, she married again Robert de Bruce Lord
of Annandale, who in her right was Earl of Carrick ; she bare to him Robert
King of Scotland, and Edward Earl of Carrick, at last King of Ireland, who was
slain at the battle of Dundalk, anno 1318.

He left a natural son, Robert Bruce of Liddisdale, on whom his uncle King
Robert the Bruce bestowed the earldom of Carrick. He was killed at the battle
of Duplin, 1332, and was succeeded in that dignity by Alexander his brother, who
lost his life at the battle of Hallidon-hill, 1333, leaving a daughter, Helen Countess
of Carrick ; she died without issue, whereupon the earldom returned to the crown,
and was by King David Bruce, in the 39th year of his reign, given to John Stew-
art, Lord Kyle, his nephew John, eldest son of Robert Stewart of Strathern, who
afterwards was created Earl of Carrick. He came to the crown 1390, by the name
of Robert III.

The surname of TELZEFER, ermine, a cheveroi> gules ; the principal family of
which name is TELZEFER of Harecleugh. I have seen a charter granted by James
de Lindsay Lord Crawford, the I2th of October 1390, of the lands of Harecleugh,
to John Telzefer, which formerly belonged to his uncle William Telzefer ; which
charter is confirmed by King Robert III. in a charter of Robert Duke of Albany,
to John Stewart Earl of Buchan, of the lands of Dunlop, 1418, Andrew Tel/efer
is a witness, and there designed Clerk of the Chancellory.

The surname of FLEMING, gules, a cheveron within a double tressure, flowered
and counter-flowered with flower-de-luces argent, Plate VII. fig. 2.

Some say the cheveron was accompanied with lions' heads, and' others say with
wolves' heads, but these have been long since disused by the family ; and the
double tressure, says Sir James Balfour, was carried by FLEMIXG Earl of Wigton,
in the year 1357. As for the signification and antiquity of the name; in the
chartularies of Paisley and Kelso, it is written Flandrensis, Flaming, and Flamma-
ticus. Which surname they had, says Sir James Dalrymple, in his Collections,
page 425, from one residing in Scotland, who came from Flanders ; from whence
the name Fleming, of which there are severals to be found witnesses in evident^
in the reigns of Malcolm IV. William the Lion, and the Alexanders.

OF THE CHEVERON.

Sir ROBERT FLEMING was amongst the first Scots patriots who stood up for the
interest of King Robert the Bruce, and independency of Scotland ; for which he
from iiis Majesty the barony of Cumbernauld, and several other donations. He
had two SOBS, Sir Malcom his successor, and Sir Patrick Fleming, Sheriff of Pee-
bles, who got the barony of Biggar, by marrying one of the daughters and co-
heirs of Simon Frazer Lord of Oliver-Castle ; upon which account this branch of
the Flemings quarters the arms of Frazer, viz. azure, three cinquefoils argent,
Of old they were five cinquefoils, disposed in saltier, 2, i, and 2.

Sir MALCOLM FLEMING of Cumbernauld was in great favour with King Robert I.
who, for his own and his father's merits, made him Sheriff of the county, and
governor of Dumbarton castle. He was succeeded by his son Sir Malcolm, who
singularly stood for King David II. and the Brucian line, and was also made
governor of Dumbarton castle. He discharged that trust with the utmost fidelity,
when the King's interest was very weak, after the loss of the battles of Duplin and
Hallidon-hill ; things growing worse and worse, and the King's person being in
danger, Sir Malcolm was pitched upon to wait on the King to France, which he
performed with safety and honour. After this he returned to his command of
Dumbarton Castle, which he kept out against Edward Baliol and the English, and
there happily preserved Robert Lord High Steward, afterwards King Robert II.
whose blood was very much sought after. And when the King's affairs took ano-
ther turn, Sir Malcolm went to France and attended the king home, 2d of July
1342; and on the 9th of November the same year, his majesty was pleased to
create him Earl of Wigton, by his royal charter : for which see Mr Crawfurd's
Peerage.

THOMAS Earl of WIGTON, grandson to Malcolm Earl of Wigton, having no issue,
sold the earldom with its dignity to Archibald Earl of Douglas, in the year 1371.
I find him designed in charters Thomas quondam Comes de Wigtoun : He died with-
out issue. In our illuminated books of blazons, I have met with the arms of
Archibald Douglas Earl of Wigton, thus, quarterly, first azure, a lion rampant
argent, crowned or, for Galloway ; second and third gules, a cheveron within a
double tressure counter-flowered argent, the arms of the Earl of Wigton ; fourth
argent, a heart gules, on a chief azure, three stars of the first, for Douglas.

MALCOLM FLEMING of Biggar, son of Robert, and brother to Sir Malcolm
Fleming of Cumbernauld beforementioned, continued the succession of the family,
which was dignified with the title of Lord Fleming, and afterwards by King
James VI. the ipth March 1606, with the title of Earl of Wigton, whose repre-
sentative is John Earl of Wigton. He carries, quarterly, first and fourth gules, a
cheveron within a double tressure, flowered and counter-flowered argent ; second
and third azure, three cinquefoils argent, as descended of the Lord Fraser above-
mentioned. These are otherwise illuminated in James Esplin, Marchmont herald,
his Book, viz. first and fourth or, a cheveron within a double tressure counter-
flowered gules ; second and third czure, six cinquefoils, 2, 2, and 2 argent ; which
in my opinion is a mistake, for in all other books they are as I have blazoned
them : supported by two stags, proper, attired and unguled or, and collared azure,
charged with three cinquefoils argent ; crest, a goat's head erased argent, horned
or : motto, Let the deed sbaw.

The FLEMINGS of Boghall, in Renfrewshire, were descended of a younger son
of Biggar now Earl of Wigton. I have seen a charter of John Fleming of Bog-
hall, of the lands of Sinton, to John Veitch, son and apparent heir of William
Veitch of Dawick, whereunto the seal of Fleming of Boghall is appended, having
his arms, quarterly, first and fourth a cheveron betwixt three wolves' heads ; second
and third, on a bend, other three figures which were defaced.

Sir WILLIAM FLEMING of Fern, Knight-Baronet, Commissary of Glasgow,
descended of a second son of the Earl of Wigton, carries, quarterly, first and fourth
Allies, a cheveron embattled within a double tressure counter-flowered argent, for
Fleming ; second and third azure, three cinquefoiis argent, for Fraser ; and for.
crest, a palm tree, proper ; with the motto, Sub pondere cresco. New Register.
And there also,

Lieutenant-Colonel JOHN FLEMING, descended of a third brother of the Earl of
Wigton's family, carries, quarterly, first and fourth or, a cheveron within a double

OF THE CHEVERON.

tressure counter-flowered gules ; second and third azure, three cinqucfoiis ardent,
with a martlet in the centre for difference ; crest, a goat's head erased ai^ent,
aimed and collared azure, tlie last charged with three cinquefoils argent : motto,
Let the deed shaw.

There is another ancient family of the name of FLEMING of Barrochin, in the
shire of Renfrew, in the reign of Alexander III. mentioned in a charter of Mai
colm Earl of Lennox to Walter Spruel. And in another charier of James High
Steward of Scotland, grandfather to King Robert II. in the reign of King James !
William Fleming of Barrochin is sheriff of Lanark, but was killed at the battle of
Flodden with King James IV. anno 1513. He left issue by Marion, his lady, a
daughter of the family of Houston, James his son and heir, who was father of
William Fleming of Barrochin, from whom Patrick Fleming, now of Barrochin,
is the fifth in a direct line ; as in Mr Crawfurd's History of the shire of Renfrew.
He gives the armorial bearings of this family without naming the tinctures, thus,
a fesse cheque, surmounted of a bend, with a martlet in base. It is strange that
this ancient family carries nothing of the Flemings, but only the figures of the
Stewarts, over-lords and patrons of that country ; and the martlet as a maternal
mark from the House of Houston.

The surname of FLOCK.HART, with us, argent, a cheveron sable- Font's MS.

The family of WIDVILLE Earls of RIVERS in England carried argent, a cheveron
gules, which Imhoft" blazons thus, Insignia Comitum Rivers e I'Vidwilana stirpe prog-
nati : Usi sunt scuto argenteo cui norma impressa est rubea. Here the word nonna is
used for a cheveron.

FULFORD of Fulford in the county of Devonshire, g tiles, a cheveron argent.

SWILLINGTON in England, ardent, a cheveron azure.

When a cheveron is alone in the field, it is then the principal figure of the
name by whom it is so carried, but if accompanied with other figures, it is not
always to be looked upon as a principal, but as an additional figure ; but more of
this afterwards. I proceed to give examples of a cheveron accompanied and charged
with figures, by some principal families.

The surname of ELPHINSTONE, argent, a cheveron sable, accompanied with three
boars' heads erased gules ; Plate VII. fig. 4. The first of this name is said to have
been a German, called Helphingston, which became a surname to his descendants.
One of them, an eminent man in the reign of King Robert the Bruce, married
Margaret Seaton, daughter of Sir Christopher Seaton of that Ilk, and his lady,
Christian, sister to King Robert the Bruce ; and got with her lands in East-
Lothian, which he called after his name, Elphinstone, which held of the family of
Seaton. The family of Elphinstone of that Ilk continued, and, by marrying Mar-
jory Airth, heiress of Airthland, or Airthbey, in Stirlingshire, got with her these
lands, till Sir Alexander Elphinstone of that Ilk was killed in the battle of Pep-
perden, in the year 1436. He left behind him a daughter, Agnes, his heir, mar-
ried to Gilbert Johnston, who, in her right, was laird of Elphinstone, of whom be-
fore. The other lands, belonging to this family in Stirlingshire, came to Henry
Klphinstone, as heir-male to his brother Sir Alexander Elphinstone, and these lands
they called Elphinstone. He was succeeded by his son John Elphinstone of that
Ilk, father of Alexander Elphinstone, who was created lord of Parliament, by the
title of Lord Elphinstone, by King James IV. This is evident by a charter, (in
the Earl of Haddington's Collections) where that king dispones to him, there de-
signed, Lord Elphinstone, and his spouse Elisabeth Barlow, an English lady, one
of the maids of Queen Margaret, the lands of Quarrel, lying within the sheriftdom
of Stirling, anno 1512, the 2pth of August. This Lord Elphinstone was killed
with the king at the battle of Flodden, and being not unlike the king in face and
stature, his body was carried by the English to Berwick for that of the king's.
His son and successor, Alexander Lord Elphinstone, was killed at the battle of
Pinkie, icth September 1547, and was father of Robert Lord Elphinstone, \\ho
married Elisabeth, a daughter of John Drummond of Innerpeffry, and by her had
several children. Alexander, the eldest, was by King James VI. made one of the
Privy Council, and preferred to be Lord High Treasurer 1599. He had four sons,
and as many daughters, by his lady, a daughter of William Lord Livingston :
Alexander, the eldest, succeeded him ; James, the second, of Barns ; third, Jonn

i52 OF THE CHEVERON.

of Mortle in Aberdeenshire, and Michael Elphinstone of Quarrel. Lord Alexan-
der married the sister of James first Earl of Perth, with whom he had only a
daughter, Lilias, his heir, so that the title of lord descended to his nephew Alex-
ander Elphinstone of Barns, son of his brother James, who married the above
Lilias. Their son John Lord Elphinstone, married Isabel, daughter of Charles
Earl of Lauderdalc, by whom he has issue, and carries as before, argent, a cheveron
sable, betwixt three boars' heads erased gules ; supporters, two savages, proper,
with laurel garlands about their heads and middle, holding in their hands darts,
with their heads upwards ; and for crest, a lady from the middle richly attired,
holding a castle in her right hand, and in her left a branch of laurel ; with the
motto, Cause caused it.

I will make mention of families of this surname afterwards, with many others,
who carry cheverons accompanied with figures.

This ordinary, the cheveron, as others, is not only subject to accidental forms,
but to be voided and charged with figures proper and natural ; as by the following
examples.

A cheveron voided is when the middle part of it is evacuated or cut out by even
or straight lines, so that the field appears through it.

Plate VII. fig. 5. MAIN of Lochwood, argent, a cheveron gules, voided of the
field, betwixt two pheons in chief, and an unicorn's head erased in base sable ; as
in Sir George Mackenzie's Heraldry, and in the Lyon Register ; for crest, a hand
throwing a dart, proper : motto, Projeci. This figure is so irregularly cut, that it
may be blazoned two cheverons.

CHIESLY of Kerswall, gules, a cheveron voided between three cinquefoils or ;
crest, an eagle displayed, proper : motto, Credo 13 videbo. New Register. And
there also,

CHIESLY of Dairy, argent, three roses slipped gules, and stalked vert ; and for
crest, another rose of the same ; with the motto, Fragrat post funera virtus.

The name of DOYLEY in England, azure, a cheveron ingrailed on the outer side
or, and voided of the field.

Camden, in his Blazons, for a cheveron voided, says, cantherium evacuatum.
The voidure must be made of even lines, and not ingrailed, waved, or any other
form in the inner part ; and when it is so, it is taken for a cheveron above a che-
veron, because the accidental forms cannot be attributed to the voiding of the
field, but to a figure : So that all voidings must be plain, and of the tincture of
the field ; if of another tincture, it is then taken for a super-charge. Plate VII.
fig. 6.

COOPER of Gogar, argent, a cheveron gules, charged with another ermine, ac-
companied with three laurel leaves slipped vert ; crest, a hand holding a garland,
proper : motto, Virtute. L. R.

When the cheveron, or any of the honourable ordinaries are only charged, and
not accompanied with figures, it is then thought by some heralds to be a more ho-
nourable bearing, than when accompanied, and especially the cheveron. Gerard
Leigh says, when an ordinary is only charged, it is an honorary honoured ; but I
iim loath to be positive in this, though I have observed, in our ancient bearings of
principal families, the ordinaries have been oftener charged than accompanied.

HEPBURN, gules, on a cheveron argent, two lions pulling at a rose of the first,
Plate VII. fig. 7. I have seen these arms on the seal of Patrick Hepburn, as one
of the members of Parliament, anno 1372, being the third year of the reign of
Iving Robert II. appended to the Act of Recognition past in that Parliament, in
favours of John Earl of Carrick, eldest son to the said king, to whom John suc-
ceeded, by the name of Robert III. so that the Hepburns carried these arms be-
:;)i-c the battle of Otterburn, which was in the year 1388, and had not them from
that battle.

Besides what I have said before of these arms, with submission to the learned Sir
George Mackenzie, I shall here add my conjecture about theai ; I think they
have been assumed as arms of patronage, and, in imitation of these belonging to
the Earls of Dunbar, (which were gules, a lion rampant within a bordure argent,
charged with eight roses of the first) making use of the same tinctures and figures,
placing the last upon a cheveron : and though there be two lions, and one rose up-
on it, they are but situate to the form, of the cheveron for regularity and beauty ;

OF THE CHEYERON.

and so the same tinctures and figures of the arms of the Earls of Dunbar may be
looked upon as arms of patronage, frequent in the days of their assumption. All
writers tells us, that the first of this name was an Englishman, whom the Earl of
Dunbar took prisoner, and brought to Scotland, and being a brave and valiant
man, the Earl gave lu'rn several lands in East-Lothian ; for which see Hector Boece
his History.

As for the manner and time of their rise in Scotland I cannot be positive ; but
I may assert there were of this name with us, in the reign of King Robert the
Bruce, as by the Minute Book of old charters made by Mr George Lawson, Under-
clerk of the Exchequer ; where Ada..i de Hepburn gets a charter of the lands of
South and North Hales and Trapren, upon the forfeiture of Hugh Gourlay of Ben-
ston, to be holden of the Earl of Dunbar and March : as also a charter of the
lands of Mersington, Rollingston, and some lands of Cockburnspath, all holden of
Patrick Earl of Dunbar.

Dominus Patricius de Hepburn, son to the said Adam, is a witness in an original
charter of Patricius de Dumbar, Comes Mortice IS Moravia, and (Black) Agnes his
Countess, dated at the Castle of Dunbar, 24th May 1367, and he is ranked before
George Dunbar, whom the Earl calls Consanguineus noster. The same Dominus Patri-
cius de Hephurn is also a witness in a charter granted by Alexander de Lindsay Dominus
de Ormistoun, in favours of his daughter and heir, Janet, upon the agreement betwixt
him and Alexander de Cockburn, in the marriage of John de Cockburn, his only son
of the first marriage, and the said Janet; wherein he gives the lands of Ormiston,
with the manor-house Peaston, &c. to them. Which charter is confirmed by
King David Bruce, the 39th year of his reign. This Sir Patrick is the same per-
son whom I mentioned before, whose seal of arms is appended to the act of Parlia-
ment recognizing John, eldest son and heir of King Robert II. 1373. Our his-
torians make honourable mention of him, and his son Patrick, in the famous bat-
tle of Otterburn, in the year 1388.

PATRICK HEPBURN, the younger of HALES, (his father being then 81 years old)
returning from an expedition into England, was unfortunately overtaken and kil-
led at Nisbet, by George Dunbar, son to the Earl of that name, who came up
with a party of horse to assist the English, in the year 1402.

Sir ADAM HEPBURN of Hales, son of the said Patrick, was imprisoned in the
Castle of St Andrews, with Hay of Yester, and other brothers, upon suspicion, by
King James I. but was soon released and made governor of the Castle of Dunbar,
in anno 1433. He was at the battle of Pepperden, in England, where the Scots
gained a notable victory over the English, 1437. He left three sons, Patrick, Wil-
liam, and George of Whitsome.

Patrick succeeded his father, Sir Adam : and, in his charter to the Abbacy of
Coldingham, the witnesses are Archibald de Hepburn, his uncle, William and
CU-orge, his brothers : he was made a Lord of Parliament by the title of Lord
Hales, by King James II. 1456. His son Patrick Lord Hales was advanced to
the dignity of Earl of Bothwell, by King James IV. the first year of his reign.
And the year after, I find him designed Comes de Bothwell fc? Dominus de Hales W
Magister Hospitii nostri, as witness in that king's charter to George Home of Ay ton.
This earl's seal of arms I have seen appended to a Precept of Seisin of James Bail-
lie, in the lands of Carphin, anno 1489 ; on which were the arms of Hepburn, as
before, supported by two lions gardant ; and for crest, a horse head and neck
bridled. I have seen another seal of this earl's appended to another precept in the
year 1498, which had a shield, quarterly, first and fourth, a bend, which I take
for the arms of Vauss Lord Dirleton; second and third, Hepburn, as before. He
was succeeded by his son Adam Earl of Bothwell ; and his successor, James Earl
of Bothwell, was \vith all solemnity, in the Castle of Edinburgh, created Mar-
quis of Fife and Duke of Orkney, by Queen Mary 1567; and was High Admiral
of Scotland. I have seen his arms illuminated thus, quarterly, first Hepbum ;
second azure, a ship or, with her sails furled up- argent, within a double tre^ure
flowered and counter-flowered of the second, as Duke of Orkney ; third ermine,
three chevronels gulfs, tor the Lord Soules ;- fourth or, a bend azure, for Vass
Lord Dirleton, embellished with the fore-mentioned exterior ornaments, and be-
hind the shield was an anchor, the badge of the office of Admiralty. He was for-

I54 OF THE CHEVERON.

feited by the Parliament, for the murder of Prince Henry, father to King James

VI. Many families of this name suffered with him, and were brought to ruin.
Some of these who are yet standing, I shall give their blazons about the end of
this chapter.

These of the surname of KER give for their proper figures, a cheveron charged
with stars, which some blazon mullets ; but of the distinction betwixt stars and
mullets afterwards. There were two principal families of this name in the county
of Roxburgh, viz. Cessford and Ferniehirst, who are said to have their rise from
two brothers, Ralph and Robert, sons of the family of KER of Kerhall, in Lan-
cashire ; originally from the family of KER in Normandy, who came over with
William the Conqueror, to England. Which of these two brothers were eldest, is
not determined, nor the precise time when they came to Scotland ; but it is said, in the
time of King David the II. and that Robert got from that king the lands of Auld-
tounburn, lying upon the water of Beaumont, the original of the house of Cessford,
Earls, and now Duke of Roxburgh. Their achievement is quarterly, first and
fourth vert, on a cheveron between three unicorns' heads erased argent, as many
stars sable, as Ker of Cessford ; they had formerly the field of their arms gules, as
others of the name, till one of the Lairds of Cessford was killed fighting valiant-
ly against the English in a green field, in the reign of King James IV. whereupon
he ordered, for the future, that the field of arms of that family should be -vert,
in remembrance thereof. As Sir George Mackenzie in his Manuscript of Genea-
logies. I am much of the opinion that it was then that the family got, by way of
concession, the unicorns' heads, being a part of the royal ensign; second and third
gules, three mascles or, for the name of Vipont ; which arms are supported by
two savages, proper, wreathed about the middle with laurel, holding battons over
their shoulders, standing upon a compartment, whereupon are frequently these
words, Omne solum forti patria est ; and for crest, an unicorn's head erased
argent, maned and horned or ; with the motto, Pro Cbristo if Patria dulce peri-
culum.

The family of CESSFORD was first dignified with the title of Lord Ker of Cess-
ford, by King James VI. and afterwards, in the year 1616, with the title of Earl of
Roxburgh, in the person of Robert Lord Ker. He married first a daughter of Sir
William Maitland of Lethington, and by her had three daughters, -idly, He mar-
ried Jean, daughter of Patrick Lord Drummond, by whom he had a son, Henry
Lord Ker, who died before the Earl, his father, and left a daughter Jean ; who,
by her grandfather's appointment, married Sir William Drummond, younger son
to John Earl of Perth. He, in right of his wife, was second Earl of Roxburgh ;
of him is lineally descended John Ker, Earl and first Duke of Roxburgh.

But to proceed to treat of the cheveron in its varieties, after which I shall add
the blazons of the honourable family of the name of Ker and others.

When there are more cheverons than one in the field, some English heralds
call them chevronels, but we, with the French, though there be three of them
in one field, call them still cbeverans, as we have formerly done of the like num-
ber of bends, though they keep not their just quantity when multiplied.

The old Earls of STRATHERN carried for arms, or, two cheverons gules', as Plate

VII. fig. 8.

The Earldom of STRATHERN was certainly one of the most ancient dignities in
the kingdom ; for Maiise Comes Stradarnice is mentioned in the charter of erection
of the Priory of Scoon by Alexander I. anno 1115. His son and successor was
Fereth Comes de Stradern, witness in a grant by King Malcolm IV. to the Convent of
Scoon. He left behind him three sons, Robert, his successor in honour ; Gilbert,
thereafter Earl of Strathern ; and Maiise, to whom King William gave the lands
of Kincardine in Perth, to be holden of his brother, Earl Robert. Gilbert erect-
ed the convent of Inchaffry, and left issue, a son, Maiise, and two daughters,
Annabella, married to Sir David Graham of DundafF, with whom he got the baro-
ny of Kincardine, from whom is descended the present Duke of Montrose; Ama-
tilda was married to Malcolm Earl of Fife.

Maiise succeeded his father, Earl Maiise, in fortune and dignity ; He married
Mary, daughter of Sir John Gumming of Badenoch, and with her had issue, Ma-
iise, his son and heir, and a daughter Mary, married to Sir John Murray of

OF THE CHEVERON. 155

Drumshargard, who got with her the lands of Ogilvie, Abercuirnie, and Glenshi-
rop ; from him is descended the present Laird of Abercairnie. As in Mr Craw-
ford's Peerage.

Malise, the next Earl of Strathern, had issue only one daughter, Johanna, coun-
tess of Strathern ; who married the Earl of Warren, an English Lord, who en-
gaged his Lady into treasonable practices against King Robert the Bruce ; for
which she was forfeited, as were some of her associates, the Lord Brechin, and the
Lord Soules, who also suffered death for the same.

That earldom returned to the crown, and King David gave it to Maurice de
Moravia ; but this new Earl was killed shortly thereafter, at the battle of Durham,
1346. He left no issue behind him, and that earldom was again bestowed by
King David on his nephew Robert, Lord High Steward of Scotland, who, when
he succeeded to the crown, conferred that earldom on his eldest son, David Stew-
art, by his second wife Eupham Ross ; but he dying without sons, his only daugh-
ter Eupham, who, in evidents, was designed Comitissa Palatina de Strathern, mar-
ried Patrick Graham, a younger son of Sir Patrick Graham of Kincardine, who,
in her right, was Earl of Strathern for some time ; and afterwards, in lieu of it,
was made Earl of Monteith. Of whom before.

MACLELLAN of Bomby in Galloway, or, two cheverons sable ; this family was
dignified with the title of Lord Kirkcudbright; their arms were supported on the
right side by a man armed at all points, holding a batton in his hand, and on the
sinister by a horse furnished; and for crest, a naked arm supporting on the point
of a sword a Moor's head : with the motto, Think on. And at other times for crest,
a mortar piece ; with the motto, Superbafrango.

By all our historians, this family was anciently of great authority, being Sheriffs
of Galloway. In the reign of King James II. the family fell under forfeiture, in
resenting the murder of Sir Robert Maclellan of Bomby, the head of the family,
by making unwarrantable depredations on the Douglasses lands in Galloway ; and
it is given out by Sir George Mackenzie, in his Manuscript of Genealogies, and
by Mr Crawford's Peerage, that the barony of Bomby was again recovered by the
Maclellans, after this manner : In the same reign, it happened, that a company
of Saracens or gypsies from Ireland infested the country of Galloway, whereupon
the king emitted a proclamation, bearing, that whoever should disperse them, and
bring in the Captain dead or alive, should have the barony of Bomby for his re-
ward. So it happened that a brave young gentleman, the laird of Bomby's son,
killed their captain, and brought his head on the point of his sword to the king,
and thereupon was immediately put in possession of the barony of Bomby ; and to
perpetuate the memory of that remarkable action, he took for his crest, a Moor's
head on the point of his sword, and Think on for his motto. I am of opinion, that
the other crest and motto, a mortar piece, with Superba frango, has been assumed
since mortars and bombs came in use, as relative to their designation, Bomby.

THOMAS MACLELLAN of Bomby, in the reign of King James IV. was very ser-
viceable to the crown, as was his son William Maclellan of Bomby, who was
knighted by King James IV. but was slain with the king at the battle of Flodden.
Sir Robert Maclellan of Bomby was knighted by King James VI. and by King
Charles I. 25th May 1633, was created Lord Kirkcudbright. For which see the
Peerage of Scotland.

SAMUEL MACLELLAN of Barclay, argent, two cheverons within a bordure ingrailed
gules. Crest, a dexter arm issuing out of a wreath erect, holding on the point of
a dagger a Moor's head proper : motto, Think on. As in the L. R. and in Plate
of Achievements. He succeeded his elder brother, Robert Maclellan of Barclay,
1717, who was a second son of Robert Maclellan of Barmagachan, son of another
Robert, son of Thomas Maclellan of Barmagachan, son of William, and he again
the son of Gilbert Maclellan, the first laird of Barmagachan, and his spouse Janet,
daughter to the Lord Herries, who was the second son of Sir Thomas Maclellan of
Bomby, and his wife Agnes, daughter of Sir James Dunbar of Mc-jhrum.

Sir SAMUEL MACLELLAN, late Provost of Edinburgh, argent, two cheverons sable,
each charged with a besant of the field ; crest, a moor's head and neck proper :
motto, Sapit qui reputat. Lyon Register, and in Plate of Achievements.

156 OF THE CHEVERON.

WALTERSON, i. e. Filius Walteri, says Sir James Balfour, carried sable, a fesse
between two cheverons or, in the year 1292.

Plate VII. fig. 9. SOULES Lord LIDDISDALE, in anno 1278, carried ermine, three
cheverons gules, which were afterwards quartered by the Earls of Douglas, for the
title of Liddisdale. As for the antiquity of the name and family, Sir James Dal-
rymple, in his Collections, tells us, that Ranulphus de Soules is a witness in
King David I. his charters. He and his successors, in other Kings' charters, are of-
ten designed Pincerna Regis, and in the chartulary of Newbattle, Gulielmus de
Soules is designed Butellarius Regis, in the year 1320. This family was very power-
ful in the time of the controversy betwixt the Bruce and Baliol, but they adhered
to the latter. Sir William Soules was governor of Berwick in the year 1320. He
was suspected and convicted of treason, and forfeited by King Robert the Bruce,
and Sir Alexander Seaton of that Ilk was made governor of Berwick in his place.
His lands, Souleston or Salton, in East-Lothian, came to the Abernethys, who
were lords of Sulton ; and afterwards, by mariiage, to Fraser Lord Salton ; but the
barony belongs now to Fletcher of Salton, of whom before.
The surname of HORN in England, gules, three cheverons or.
I shall add here some ancient instances of carrying three cheverons, as in a
Manuscript of Arms of the Captains of William the Conqueror, said to be written
and illuminated by the Monks of Ely, in that king's reign ; which Menestrier tells
us, in his Rise of Arms, is to be seen in the college of the Benedictines at Douay :
among these of William the Conqueror's captains, is Breanus de Clare, whose
blazon is, I? or, a trois chevrons de gueules, which agrees with the seal of arms of
Gilbert de Clare, Earl of GLOUCESTER and HERTFORD, whereon were three cheverons^
which Sandford in his Genealogical History gives us : as also, the arms of Sir WAL-
TER MANNY", which were or, three cheverons sable .

When the field is filled with pieces of metal and colour of equal numbers, after
the form of cheverons, we say cheverony of so many pieces, as of these arms of
the county of Ravousbergh in Germany ; cheverony of six argent and gules, Plate
VII. fig. 10. THe French, Chevronne d 'argent et de gueules de six pieces ; and
Uredus blazons them, Scutum senis ex argento y minio cantberiis exaratum. Mr
Gibbon, in his Introduction Ad Latinam Blazoniam ; Clypeum in senas squales cocci-
neas vicissim, y argenteas pro tignorum modo, delineatum.

Plate VII. fig. ii. The cheveron, as other ordinaries, is sometimes carried
couped.

The name of JONES in England, argent, a cheveron couped purpure.
The diminutive of a cheveron to the half of its breadth, is called by the English
a chevronel, and the half of a chevronel as to its breadth, a couple doss ; but the
last is not carried alone, say they, except when a cheveron is between two of
them, as the endorses with a pale, of which before. The French call the English,
Coupe doss estay or estai, " C'est un petit chevron dont on se sert pour etaier ou
1 appuier quelque chose." The Latins, statumen, fultura, or an wider-prop.

Sir NICOLAS RENTON, who was Lord Mayor of London, in the year 1632, car-
ried sable, a cheveron betwixt two couples classes, and accompanied with three
cinquefoils or, Plate VII. fig. 12. thus latined by the foresaid Mr Gibbon: " In
' scuto pullo cantherium duabus hinc inde cantheriolis aureis praecinctum, &• inter
" tria quinque folia ejusdem metalli interpositum."

The cheveron, besides the accidental forms, common to other ordinaries, may
be said to have specific ones, as to be rompu, braced, couche, reversed, and contre-
pointts.

Rompu is said by the English of cheverons that are broken at the top, for
which the French say, brlse, Guillim, in his Display of Heraldry, gives us an.
example of a cheveron rompu, (or rampe} argent, in a field sable, but does not
tell us, by whom, and for what reason it is so carried. Mr Holmes culls it a che-
7WOM disjointed, and says the name of SORTON carries sable, a cheveron disjointed
argent. Monsieur Baron gives us the arms of ANDREZEL in France, thus : de sable,
a trois chevrons brise-z d'or, i. e. sable, three chcvronels bruised, or rompu or,
Plate VII. fig. i^. The like arms are given by Menestrier to the family of VIOLLE
in France, who instead of the word brise, uses eceme, which, (says he) " Se dit
4 du chevron dont la pointe est coupee tout droit sans brisure," i..e.. when the top

OF THE CHEVERON. 157

of the cheveron is quite oft", without any brisurc ; so that brise is only said of a
cheveron whose top is cut from tlie body, and remains in UK: field, as Plate VII.
fig. 14. argent, a cheveron brise, guh-s.

Such a one, says Holmes, is borne by the name of GREENWAY, but he calls it a
cheveron double-douncet, or double-onset, and says it may be called coupe, and
not rampe, as Guillim.

i'.ccinc is said when the top of the cheveron is not only rompu or brise, but

carried out of the field, as fig. 13. Which Sylvester Petra Sancta calls Capriolus

fractus, diminutus ctipite, mutilus \3 pracisus, and on the margin he has the French

terms, brise au ec/att', which Sir George Mackenzie has in his Science of

Heraldry.

1 have met with such a figure in the bearing of JAMES ALEXANDER of Kinglassie,
parted per pale, argent and sable, a cheveron brised at the top, and in base a cre-
scent, all counter-changed, (there brise is the same with cceme) quartered with
the arms of the name of AYTON ; crest, a horse-head bridled, gules : motto, Ducitur
non trahitur. Lyon Register.

Some heralds are of opinion, as Sir George Mackenzie intimates, that when a
cheveron is so broken in its top, it is a sign that the principal house was ruined,
and sold ; and therefore the cadets take their cognizance bruised in its top.

Braced is said when two or three cheverons are interlaced together, as fig. 15.
argent, three cheverons braced in base, azure, and a soleil in chief, gules. And
azure, three cheverons braced in base or, by the name of FITZ-HUGH. There
was -a great baron of this name in Northumberland, to whom the Earl of Pembroke
was heir, who, amongst his other titles, is designed Lord Fitz-hugh, for which he
quarters these arms with his own : As also does GREY Earl of Tankerville ; these
cheverons so joined, may be blazoned, fretted or, interlaced, as well as braced.

Couche, is said when the top of the cheveron is turned to the left or right
side, the French say, when to the right, tourne, and when to the left, contourne;
Sylvester Petra Sancta, says, Nunc vibrat dextrorsum, nunc vibrat sinistrorsum.
Holmes gives us the arms of the name of TOURNEY, or, a cheveron couched gules,
fig. 1 6.

If it be turned to the other side, says he, it is termed couched sinister; Sir John
Feme, in his Glory of Generosity, p. 181, says the cheveron couche shows the
house not to be altogether ruined, but to stand in a mean condition, since the
cheveron is not reversed.

A Cheveron reversed is said when its point is towards the base, azure, a che-
veron reversed argent, by the name of RUMOR, as Mr Holmes gives us another ex-
ample, as fig. 17. argent, two 'cheverons couched vert, by the name of COUCH-
MASTER, others say, counter -cauch ant ; the French, contre-tourne .

Counter-pointed is said when two cheverons meet by their point in the centre of
the escutcheon, the uppermost being reversed, as PI. VII. fig. 18. The arms of
TRAUIER in France, thus blazoned by Menestrier, d'argcnt, a deux chevrons con-
tre-pointes d'azur.

These last forms and attributes of the cheveron may be well said to be brisures,
if not abatements of honour.

When any other natural or artificial figures are situate in a shield, after the posi-
tion ot the cheveron, they are said to be in cheveron, or cheveron-waya, as before
of the other ordinaries. I shall add here one example, fig. 19. Plate VII.

PEARSON of Balmadies ; argent, two swords cheveron-ways, piercing a heart in
chief, proper, and in base a cinquefoil of the second ; crest, a dove holding an
olive branch in her beak, proper : motto, Burn spiro spero. New Register.

Having treated of the cheveron in its varieties', conform to which I shall add,
for examples, the armorial bearings of several families and surnames in Britain.

LIDDERDALE of St Mary's Isle, azure, a cheveron ermine.

The surname of MASTERTON, argent, a cheveron gules, and chief azure ; some-
times these arms are quartered with argent, an eagle displayed sable, armed and
beaked gules, for the name of Ramsay. As in Font's Manuscript. And in the
New Register.

ADAM MASTERTON of Grange, in Perthshire, argent, a cheveron between two

OF THE CHEVERON.

crescents in chief, and a mullet in base gules, on a chief azure, an eagie display -
'ed or; crest, a dexter hand holding a scimiter, proper: motto, Pro Deo if Rege.

Mr FRANCIS MASTERTON of Parkmilne ; argent, a cheveron gules, and u chief
azure ; crest, a stag courant, bearing on his attire an oak slip, fructuated, proper.
Lyon Register.

ELPHINSTONE Lord BALMERINO carries the same arms with the Lord ELPHIN-
STONE, of whom before ; and for difference, charges the cheveron with three
buckles argent, for Monteith ; and has for crest, a dove argent, with a snake,
proper, linked about its legs : motto, Prudentia fraudis nescia; and for supporters,
two griffins, proper, beaked and armed or. The first of this family was Sir James
Elphinstone, third son to Robert Lord Elphinstone, and Elizabeth Drummond,
daughter to Sir John Drummond of Innerpeffry. He was Secretary of State,
President of the College of Justice, and created a Lord of Parliament, by the title
of Lord Balmerino, the 25th of April 1604, by King James VI. He married
first Sarah Monteith, daughter of Sir John Monteith of Carse,' of which marriage
is descended the present Lord Balmiranoch, for which his family carries the
buckles. He married, secondly, a daughter of Maxwell of Newark ; she bore to him
James Elphinstone, who was created a Lord of Parliament, by the title of Lord
Coupar, and carried the same arms with the Lord Elphinstone, but charged his
cheveron with hearts argent, because, (says Sir George Mackenzie, in his Science
of Heraldry, p. 74.) his mother was a daughter of Maxwell of Newark. This
family is extinct.

The other families of the name of ELPHINSTONE, whose arms are matriculated in
the New Register, are these :

ELPHINSTONE of Calderhall, fifth son of Alexander Lord Elphinstone, and Ka-
tharine his lady, daughter of John Lord Erskine ; argent, a cheveron sable, betwixt
three boars' heads erased, within a bordure gules ; crest, two men's arms issuing
out of a wreath, crossing one another saltier-ways, the one on the right side hold-
ing a sword, and the other on the left holding a branch of laurel, all proper : and
for motto, In utrumqus paratus.

RICHARD ELPHINSTONE of Airth, eldest son and heir to Sir Thomas Elphinstone
of Calderhall ; quarterly, first and fourth, as Calderhall ; second and third or, a
saltier and chief gules, the last charged with a mullet of the field, for Bruce of
Airth ; crest, a griffin seiant, holding in his dexter paw a sword erect, and on the
point a Saracen's head, all proper : motto, Do well and let them say.

JAMES ELPHINSTONE of Glack, argent, on a cheveron sable, between three boars'
heads erased gules, an episcopal mitre of the first.

Sir JAMES ELPHINSTONE, one of the Commissaries of Edinburgh, the same with
Elphinstone of Glack, within a bordure gules, for difference ; crest, a right hand
holding a writing pen feathered, proper ; with the word Sedulitate, to show his
employment, being a Writer to the Signet.

HENRY ELPHINSTONE of Melyholm, second lawful son of Sir Henry Elphinstone
of Calderhall, as his father, within a bordure ingrailed gules ; crest, a griffin seiant
sable, in its dexter paw a garland of laurel vert.

ELPHINSTONE of Leys, argent, a cheveron ingrailed sable, between three boars*
heads erased gules.

The proper arms of the name of KENNEDY, argent, a cheveron gules, betwixt
three cross croslets fitched sable.

The first of this name and family is said to be one Kenneth, an Irish or Highland
Scotsman, whose posterity was surnamed Kennedy from him. In the reign of
King William, 1183, Henry Kennedy assisted Gilbert, eldest son of Fergus Lord
of Galloway, in his wars ; as in Buchanan's History. In the Ragman-Roll, there
are several of the name of Kennedy, as Dominus Alexander Kennedy. Prynne's
History, page 652.

In the reign of King David the Bruce, John Kennedy of Denure got several
lands from that king, as by the Rotitla R. Davidis secundi. He added to his pa-
trimonial inheritance the barony of Cassilis, by Mary his wife. He had two sons.
Sir Gilbert, his successor, and Sir Hugh Kennedy of Ardstincher, who, for his
valour in the wars of France against the English, was honoured with the arms of
France, viz. azuret three flower-de-luces or ; which he and his descendants quar-

OF THL: CHEVERON. r59

tercd with their proper arms, as I observed in my Essay on the Ancient anil Mo-
dern Use of Armories, page 136. But there I was mistaken, in saying that Ken-
nedy of Bargeny was descended of Sir Hugh, who was only uncle to the first Bar-
geny, and likewise quartered the arms of France with Kennedy.

Sir GILBERT KENNEDY, eldest son of Sir John of Denure, was one of the hostages
sent to England for the ransom of King David Bruce, 1357. He was knighted by
King Robert III. and was twice married ; first, to a daughter of Sir James Sandi-
lands of Calder: She bore two sons, Gilbert, who died in the French service, with-
out issue, and Thomas Kennedy of Bargeny, whose representative is Sir Thomas
Kennedy of Kirkhill ; as in the Preface to Sir James Dalrymple's Collections,
page 81. Secondly, Sir Gilbert married Marion, daughter of Sir William Maxwell
of Calderwood, and with her had a son, Sir James, on whom his father settled his
estate, by reason he married Lady Mary Stewart, daughter of King Robert Bruce
III. which (says Crawfurd), occasioned Gilbert, the eldest son of the first marriage,
and Sir James, to fall into a fatal quarrel ; in which the latter lost his life, leaving
behind him, by Lady Mary, two sons, Gilbert Kennedy, who was the first Lord
Kennedy, and James, Bishop of St Andrew's. They were both named to be go-
vernors to King James III. and ever since the family has carried the double tres-
sure, having matched with the royal family. In an act of revocation of the crown
lands alienated by King James II. in the Parliament holden at Edinburgh, the
nth of October 1464, Gilbert Lord Kennedy is there mentioned, whose son was
John Lord Kennedy, father of David Lord Kennedy, who was created Earl of
Cassilis by King James IV. 1509. I have seen a charter granted by that king to
David Earl of Cassilis, and his wife Margaret Boyd, of the lands and castle of
Cassilis, and of the lands of Kilkerran, which formerlv belonged to John Baird of
Kilkenny. This Earl David had the misforture to «e killed at the battle of
Flodden, leaving behind him issue, of whom is lineally descended the present John
Eavl of Cassilis, whose achievement is, argent, a cheveron gules, between three
cross croslets fitched sable, all within a double tressure flowered, and counter-
flowered with flower-de-luces of the second ; crest, a dolphin azure : motto, Avise
la Jin: supporters, two swans, proper.

THOMAS KENNEDY, the first of the family of Bargeny, was second son of Sir Gil-
bert Kennedy of Denure, by his first wife, a daughter of Sir James Sandilands of
Calder ; and carried, quarterly, first and fourth argent, a cheveron gules, between
three cross croslets fitched sable, within a double tressure flowered and counter-
flowered of the second, for Kennedy ; second and third azure, three flower-de-
luces or, the arms of France, as in Mr Pout's Manuscript ; but by Esplin, and
other illuminated books with me, the double tressure is not in the bearing.

Sir THOMAS KENNEDY of Kirkhill is the lineal male representative of the family
of Bargeny, and carries the quartered arms as above blazoned, so recorded in the
Lyon Register ; with the crest, a hand grasping a dagger, proper : motto, Fuimus.
VVhose son and representative is Mr THOMAS KENNEDY, now of Denure, sometime
advocate to her late Majesty Queen Anne, and carries the aforesaid arms, as in the
Plate of Achievements.

And in that Register are the arms of ANDREW KENNEDY of Clowburn, some-
time Conservator of the Scots Privileges with the United Provinces, son to John
Kennedy, sometime Provost of Ayr. He was descended of the family of Bargeny,
married Mary Weir, heiress of Clowburn, and bears, quarterly, first and fourth
argent, on a fesse azure, three mullets of the first, for Weir of Clowburn ; second
and third, quarterly, first Kennedy, with the double tressure ; second and third
France, as the arms of Kennedy of Bargeny ; crest, a dexter hand holding a mili-
tary girdle, with the words on it, Vires veritas ; and below the shield, for motto,
Nunfallor. Lyon Register.

KENNEDY of Blairquhan, quartered with the arms of Kennedy those of M'Dou-
gal ; azure, a lion rampant argent, crowned or. But by the paintings of Falahall,
beforementioned, the lion is not crowned. Sir John Kennedy of Blairquhan
bought the lands of Dalwyne from John Dalrymple of Lauchet and Dalwyne
in Carrick, as appears by a charter of the date 1487, and confirmed by King
James III. He was descended of Alexander, son of John, second Lord Kennedy,
and his second wife Elisabeth Gordon, daughter of the Earl of Huntly, in the reign

i6o .OF THE CHEVERON.

of King James III. From the same Alexander are likewise descended the Ken-
nedys of Girvanmains, now represented by

Sir GILBERT KENNEDY of Girvanmains, Baronet, argent, on a cheveron gules, be-
twixt three cross croslets fitched sable, a boar's head erased of the first, and in the
middle chief point, a man's heart of the second ; crest, a dolphin naiant, proper :
motto, Avise la fin. Lyon Register.

KENNEDY of Kirkmichael carries the same with Cassilis, with a boar's head
erased sable, in place of the cross croslet in base ; crest, a palm branch slipped
vert : motto, Malim esse probus quam haberi. Lyon Register.

KENNEDY of Kilmuches in Aberdeen, argent, two keys saltier-ways gules, (as
Constable of Aberdeen), and in base a cross croslet fitched sable, for Kennedy.

KEJ NEDY of Lochan, quarterly, first and fourth argent, a cheveron indented
gules, between three cross croslets fitched sable ; second and third azure, a lion
rampant argent, crowned or. These are matriculated for Mistress Mary Kennedy,
descended of Lochan, impaled with those of her husband Alexander Beaton of
Longhermiston.

AGNEW, argent, a cheveron between two cinquefoils in chief gules, and a saltier
couped in base azure. These of this name are originally from France, being there
written Agneau. The first of them came over with William the Conqueror, and
from thence went to Ireland, where for many years he had a considerable estate in
the county of Antrim, and were Lords Agnew, alias Lords of Lairn : As in Mac-
kenzie's Manuscript. One of their sons came from Ireland to Scotland in the
reign of King David II. where he got the keeping of the king's castle of Lochnaw,
and was made heritable constable thereof, and of the shire of Wigton. Afterwards
his successors, for their faithful services, got the gift of being heritable bailie of the
bailiery of Lesswade, Munbrick, and Drumaston, which are distinct jurisdictions
within the shire of Wigton ; but were sore oppressed by the Earls of Douglas,
who demolished the castle of Lochnaw. Thereafter upon the fall of the Earls of
Douglas, Andrew Agnew of Lochnaw, beside the former offices, got that of
heritable sheriff of the shire of Wigton, from King James II. the 2pth of July
1452, as the gift bears, " Penes Dominum de Lochnaw, Jacobus Dei Gratia, &c.
" Sciatis nos pro singular! favore zelo & dilectatione, quas gerimus erga dilectum
" familiarem, nostrumque scutiferum Andream Agneu, &-c." All which offices,
with the charters of Lochnaw, were again ratified by King Charles II. in his Par-
liament at Edinburgh, the I2th of July 1661. This family sometimes carried
argent, three right hands couped gules, as all these families that came from Ireland
and settled in Scotland did carry, and do carry, of which afterwards. But now
they make use of the above blazon, being early honoured with the dignity of
knight-baronet, in the year 1629, 28th of July, and recorded in the Lyon Register
thus:

Sir ANDREW AGNEW of Lochnaw, Knight Baronet and Sheriff of Wigton, bears
argent, a cheveron betwixt two cinquefoils, in chief gules, and a saltier couped,
in base, azure ; with the badge of Nova Scotia, as baronet; crest, an eagle issuant
and regardant, proper : motto, Consilio non impetu, and so carried by the present
Sir James Agnew of Lochnaw, as in the Plate of Achievements.

ANDREW AGNEW of Creech, now of Lochryan, Lieutenant-Colonel in the Royal
Regiment of Dragoons in Scotland, eldest lawful son and heir of Captain Alexan-
der Agnew of Creech, who was lineally descended and representative of a lawful
brother of the family of Lochnaw, and which brother was anciently designed of
Challech, bears argent, a cheveron between two cinquefoils in chief gules, and a
saltier couped in base azure, all within a bordure of the second ; crest, an eagle
issuant regardant, holding in his right foot a sword, proper : motto, Consilio fc?
impetu. Lyon Register, as in the Plate of Achievements.

ABERCROMBY, argent, a cheveron gules, betwixt three boars' heads erased azure.
The principal family of the name was Abercromby of that Ilk, in the shire of Banff.
There was another family of the name, designed of Pitmedden, both to be found
in the Ragman-Roll, by Prynne. Ferquard Abercromby, Bishop of Caithness, is wit-
ness in a charter of Agnes Mordjngton, daughter of Patrick Mordington, of the
date 1321 : and in the year 1481, among the assizers who assoilzied Robert Lord
Lyle, was Robert Abercromby of that Ilk, which family continued, according to

OF THE CHEVERON. id

• •

Sir George M-tckci^ie, in a good respect, from Malcolm III. to- Charles I. and car-
ried the foresaid blazon ; and for crest, an oak tree acorned, on u mount, proper ;
with the motto, Tace. As in Font's Manuscript.

ABERCROMBY of Biikenbog, since the extinction of the family of Abercromby
of that Ilk, is looked upon as chief of the name, and honoured with the title 01
Knight Baronet. He carrries the principal coat of the name, as above.

FRANCIS ABERCROMBY of Fittermer, son and heir of Alexander Abercromby of
Fetternier, son and heir of Hector Abercromby of Fitternier, second son of Alex-
ander Abercromby of Birkenbog, argent, a cheveron ingrailed g ule s, betwixt three
boars' heads erased azure ; crest, a cross croslet Jitcbe ; motto, In cnice salus. Lyon
Register. He married the heiress of the Lord Semple, and was by King James VII
; }d of July 1685, created a Lord of Parliament by the title of Glassford for life :
Whereupon he carried quarterly, first and fourth argent, a cheveron cheque gules,
and of the first, between three hunting-horns' sable, stringed of the second, for Sem-
ple ; second and third Abeicromby, as before. The brothers of this Lord, by one
mother, Jean Seaton, daughter of John Seat'on of Newark, are, John Aber-
cromby of Aftbrsque, and Patrick Abercromby, Doctor of Medicine, who has ren-
dered himself an ornament to his country, as well as to the family he sprung from,
by a most exact and curious History of Scotland, rectifying the mistakes and er-
rors of our former authors.

ABERCROMBY of Glasshaugh, argent, a cheveron indented gules, accompanied
with three boars' heads erased azure ; crest, a bee volant, proper : motto, Vive ut
vivas.

The surname of ARNOT, argent, a cheveron betwixt three stars gules. As in
Balfour's Manuscript. The principal family of this name was Arnot of that Ilk in
the shire of Fife. Michael Arnot dispones the lands of Cluny to the Monks of
Cluny, in the reign of Malcolm IV. as Sibb. Hist, of Fife, £tc. In the Chronicle
called Stemmat aland Bruti, King Alexander II. sent Duncan Earl of Fife ambas-
sador to Henry of England, accompanied with two Knights of Fife, viz. John de
Morievill, and Malcolm tie Arnet, in the year 1240. MICHAEL ARNOT of that Ilk,
was honoured with the title of Knight Baronet by King Charles I. which family is
now extinct, and carried, as in Font's Manuscript, argent, a cheveron sable, be-
tween two mullets in chief, and a crescent in base gules.

ARNOT of Fern, a cadet of Arnot of that Ilk, azure, a cheveron between three
stars argent, and a crescent in chief of the last. Balfour's Manuscript.

ARNOT of Balcormo, argent, a cheveron sable, between three mullets gules, all
within a bordure indented of the second : motto, Speratum \3 completum. Lyou
Register. And there,

ARNOT of Eastrynd, descended of Balcormo, the same ; but charges the bor-
dure with eight crescents of the first.

WHITELAW of that Ilk, sable, a cheveron or, between three boars' heads erased
argent, some make them couped, as Pont. Other books give for arms to some of
this name, ermine, on a chief gules, a boars' head couped, between two mullets or.
As in Esplin's Illuminated Book. Severals of this name are mentioned in the Rag-
man-Roll. And in the reign of King James III. one Archibald Whitelaw was
an eminent prelate and Secretary of State to that King.

WILSON of Croglin, argent, a cheveron between -three mullets gules ; aliter,
argent, a cheveron between two mullets in chief gules, and a crescent in base azure.
Font's Manuscript.

WILSON of Plewlands, argent, a cheveron between three stars gules ; crest, a
demi-lion of the last ; with the motto, Semper "vigilans. Lyon Register. And
there also are the blazons of the following Wilsons :

DAVID WILSON, Merchant in Edinburgh, argent, on a cheveron between three
mullets gules, a talbot's head erased of the first, with the above motto.

ARCHIBALD WILSON, Merchant in Queensferry, gules, a cheveron counter-embat-
tled, between three mullets argent ,• crest, a talbot's head erased argent : Motto
as before.

GEORGE WILSON of Fingach, sable, a wolf salient or, in chief three stars argent ;
crest, a wolf seiant or : motto, Exfrecta cuncta superne.

X6z OF THE CHEVERON.

. *

GEORGE WILSON, Bailie of Fraserburgh, argent, a cheveron between two mullet*
in chief, and a crescent in base gules : motto, Venture and gain.

THOMAS WILSON, Merchant in Edinburgh, argent, a cheveron betwixt three
mullets gules, and a crescent for difference ; crest, a talbot's head erased : motto,
Semper vigil cms.

The name of AUCHMENAN, argent, a cheveron betwixt two cinquefoils gules, and
a saltier couped in base azure.

BARROWMANT, argent, on a cheveron between three martlets gules, a crescent of
the first. Workman's Manuscript.

STRANGE of Balcaskie, argent, a cheveron between three lozenges sable. Font's
Manuscript.

The name of ABERCORN, argent, a cheveron sable, betwixt three mullets gules.
Mackenzie's Heraldry.

M'BEATH, azure, a cheveron between two mullets in chief, and a crescent argent
in base. Font's Manuscript.

The name of BISKET, argent, on a cheveron ingrailed between two cinque-
foils gules, and a mullet in base azure, a cross croslet fitched issuing out of a cres-
cent of the field.

HEPBURN of Waughton, carried quarterly, first, and fourth gules, on a cheveron
argent, a rose betwixt two lions rampant of the first, for the name of Hepburn ;
second and third argent, three martlets gules ; second and first, for the name of
Gourlay; as in Sir James Balfouv's Book of Blazons. And they stand so illuminat-
ed in the house of Falahall, with the names of other barons that were members of
Farliament in the year 1604. This family has been sometime in use to marshal
also with those above the arms of Rutherford : for I have seen the seal armorial of
Sir Patrick Hepburn of Waughton and Lufness appended to a charter, granted by
him, in the year 1587, to his cousin Patrick Hepburn of Smeaton, of the lands of
Easter-Crucks ; upon which seal is a shield couche, having three coats quarterly,
first Hepburn ; «econd Gourlay, as above ; third the arms of Rutherford, viz.
argent, an orle gules, and in chief three mullets sable, and the fourth as the
first.

Afterwards they laid aside the arms of Gourlay, and carried only Hepburn and
Rutherford, quarterly.

As for the antiquity of the family, and whether it was the principal one of the.
name, I cannot be positive, not having seen their old evidents. But Mr Thomas
Crawfurd, in his Notes and Observations on Buchanan's History, makes this family
the principal one, where, at the title, De Familia: Antiquitate, page 17*3, he says,
" For the Earl of Bothwell was descended of an Englishman, and thereafter ser-
" vant to the Earl of March, in the days of King David Bruce, and is not so
" ancient as Waughton."

The eldest evident that I have seen belonging to this family, is a charter of ali-
enation of the barony of Lufness, granted by William Bickerton, son and heir of
Robert Bickerton of Lufness, to Sir John Hepburn of Waughton, dated at Hadding-
ton, the 4th of February 1463 ; which charter is confirmed by King James III.
The family all along married with the best families in the country, being both
powerful and rich ; of late it ended in an heiress, who was married to Sir Andrew
Ramsay, son and heir to Sir Andrew Ramsay of Abbotshall, sometime one of the
Senators of the College of Justice, and Provost of Edinburgh.

The next family of the name now standing, and male representative of Waugh-
ton, by the documents that I have seen, is Patrick Hepburn of Sraeaton ; whose
progenitor was Adam Hepburn of Smeaton, second son of Patrick Hepburn ot
Waughton, Knight, and his Lady, Helen Hepburn, niece of Adam Earl of Both-
well, that was killed at Flodden. He got from his father half the lands of Smea-
ton, and the whole lands of Smeaton-Crucks, as by a.n instrument of seisin, of the
date 1538, (penes Hepburn of Smeaton) which has these words, " Patricius Hep-
" burn de Waughtoun, miles, accessit ad prinqipale Messwagium de Smiton, &-c.
- in baronia de Waughton &- Constabularia de Haddington, &- ibi propriis mani-
" bus dedit corporalem possessionem dimiditatis terrarum de Smiton, &• totarum
" terrarum de Smiton Crucks, probo adoloscenti Ads Hepburn filio suoJ'

OF THE CHEVERON

In the year 1549, this Adam Hepburn of Sraeaton made a resignation of the
half of the lands of Craig, in the hands of Patrick Hepburn of Bolton, superior
thereof; for a new charter in favours of himself in fee, and his mother Helen Hep-
burn, relict of the deceased Sir Patrick Hepburn of Waughton, in liferent. In
which instrument he is again designed Adamus Hepburn, Jilius legitimus quondam
Ptitricii Hepburn de Waugbtoun militis; the witnesses are, Patricia Hepburn dc
IVaugbton, ft at re germano died Adtr, Henrico Hepburn ejus avunculo.

ADAM HEPBURN of Smeaton, married a daughter of Preston of Craigmillar, and
with her had a son, Patrick, from whom is lineally descended the present PATRICK.
HEPBURN of Smeaton. This family has been in use formerly to carry gules, on a
cheveron, between three martlets argent, two lions pulling at a rose of the first,
(as in Mr Thomas Crawfurd's Manuscript) ; and since, to carry as Waughtoun,
viz. quarterly, first and fourth gules, on a cheveron argent, a rose betwixt two lions
affronts gules, for Hepburn ; second and third argent, an orle gules, and in chief
three martlets sable, for Rutherford ; crest, a horse argent, furnished gules, tied to
a tree ; with the motto, Keep tryst. As in the Plate of Achievements.

The cadets of the family of Smeaton were Sir Robert Hepburn of Alderston,
Captain of King James VI. his life-guard, predecessor of Hepburn of Bearford ;
Francis Hepburn of Beanston, another second son of Smeaton, predecessor of the
present Robert Hepburn of Beanston.

ADAM HEPBURN of Humbie, quarterly, first and fourth Hepburn, as before ;
second and third argent, three laurel leaves vert, for the name of Foulis ; crest,
an oak tree, proper, and a horse passing by the same, saddled and bridled, gules :
motto, Keep tryst. So recorded in the Lyon Register. See the Plate of Achieve-
ments.

The first of this family was John Hepburn of Kirklandhill, brother to Sir Patrick
Hepburn of Waughton, the father of Adam Hepburn of Smeaton ; of whom be-
fore. By an instrument of the date I3th of August 1539, (in my hands at the
writing hereof) William Brown, in Little-Markhill, alienates and dispones the half
of the lands of Stotincleugh, yobanni Hepburn in Kirklandhill, fratri patricii Hep-
burn de IVtuigbioun militis. His grandson, Adam Hepburn of Kirklandhill, acquired
from James Lawson of Humbie the lands of Hartside, in the year 1586. He
married Agnes, daughter to Henry Foulis of Collington, and his lady, a daughter
of Haldane of Gleneagles. His son and successor was Sir Adam Hepburn of
Humbie, one of the Senators of the College of Justice, who married Agnes, daugh-
ter to George Foulis of Ravelston, and Master of the Mint 1629; and with her
had three sons, Thomas, who died without issue-male : Adam, who succeeded him,
quartered the arms of Foulis with Hepburn, upon the account of his mother and
grandmother's being of that name, and had them so recorded in the Lyon Re-
i ter. He died also without issue-male, and was succeeded by his brother David,
father of John, the present laird of Humbie. See the arms in Plate of Achieve-
ments.

HEPBURN of Riccarton, descended of Hepburn of Whitsome in the Merse, who
was a brother of Patrick Hepburn Lord Hales, about the year 1450, carried gules,
on a cheveron argent, a rose between two lions combatant of the first, and a buckle
in base or. Pont's Manuscript.

PATRICK. HEPBURN of Blackcastle, descended of Riccarton, the same with Ric-
carton : But the buckle is said to be argent, and after the shape of a man's heart ;
crest, a horse-head couped, proper, garnished gules : motto, Keep tryst. Lyon Re-
gister.

GEORGE HEPBURN, Doctor of Medicine, the arms of Hepburn, with a star-stone in
base, proper ; crest, a mort-head overgrown with moss, proper : motto, Virtute if
prudent in. Lyon Register.

KER Marquis of LOTHIAN carries, quarterly, first and fourth azure, the sun in his
splendour, proper, as a coat of augmentation, when created Earl of Lothian ; second
and third, parted per fesse, gules and vert, on a cheveron argent, between three
masclts or; in chief, and an unicorn's head erased in base of the third, three mul-
lets uf the first. But of late this family carries in the second and third quarter
only gules, on a cheveron argent, three mullets of the first, as being heir of KER of
Fernihirst, and Lord JEDBURGH. Which arms are supported on the dexter by an-

OF THE CHEVERON.

angel with wings displayed, proper; on the sinister, by an unicorn at^enf, anguled.
mancd, horned or, and collared gules ; for crest, the son in its splendour : motto.
Sero sed serio.

MARK. KER, younger son of Sir WALTER KER. of Cessford, by Agnes his wife,
daughter of Robert Lord Crichton of Sanquhar, was Abbot of Newbattle, anna
1546. In this function he continued till the Reformation, and then renounced
Popery, by which he held his benefice in commendam, and married a daughter of
George Earl of Rothes. Their eldest son, Mark, was a Lord of Session, and had
the lands of the abbacy of Newbattle erected to him into a temporal lordship, by
King James VI. 1591 : And thereafter, on the icth of July 1606, was by that
king dignified with the honour of Earl of Lothian. His son and successor,

ROBERT 2d Earl of LOTHIAN married Annabella, daughter of Archibald Earl of
Argyle ; who having no male-issue of his body, with the king's approbation, his
estate and honours came to his eldest daughter Anne, and the heirs of her body.
She married William Ker, son to Sir Robert Ker of Ancrum, to whom she bore
Robert, Earl of Lothian ; who was honoured with the title of Marquis of Lothian,
I3th June 1702. He had by Jean, his lady, daughter of Archibald Marquis of
Argyle, William his successor ; Lord Charles, Director of the Chancery ; Lord
John, and Lord Mark, brigadiers and colonels in the army ; and a daughter, Mary,
married to the Marquis of Douglas, mother of the present Duke of Douglas.

The eldest son, William, the present Marquis of Lothian, married Jean, daugh-
ter of Archibald Earl of Argyle, by whom he has William Lord Jedburgh, his
apparent heir.

The other principal family of the name of Ker, which I mentioned before in the
shire of Roxburgh, is Cessford, descended of Ralph Ker, who is said to have got
from King David II. some lands on the water of Jed, upon which he or his suc-
cessors built a house called Kersheugh. This was the seat of the family for
seven generations, as by the Genealogical Account of the Family, till Sir Robert
Ker of Kersheugh, removed it a mile off in the middle of a forest, called Ferni-
hirst, 2. e. Fairniewood, from which he and his successors were designed. He had
no issue-male of his body, but a daughter, Margaret, by his wife Katharine,
daughter of Colvil of Ochiltree. Margaret married Thomas Ker of Smelholme,
second son to the laird of Cessford, and he had with her Andrew, and Ralph of
Wooden, of whom the family of Cavers. Andrew was laird of Fernihirst, and
knight, and one of the Wardens of the Borders in the reign of King James V.
He married Janet, daughter, of Sir Patrick Hume of Polwarth, and by her had
John and Robert, of whom the Earl of Ancrum. Sir John was father of Sir
Thomas Ker of Fairniehirst, who stood firm in their loyalty to Queen Mary. Sir
Thomas married Janet, daughter and heir to Sir William Kirkaldy of Grange,
Governor of the Castle of Edinburgh, who bore to him Andrew ; and after her
death he married Jean, daughter to Sir Walter Scott of Buccleugh, who bore to
him James Ker of Crailing, and Robert, who was Earl of Somerset in England.
The.foresaid Andrew was, by letters patent, of the date 2d of February 1622,
created Lord Jedburgh. His son was Andrew Lord Jedburgh, who died 1628
without issue, having spent the fortune ; so that his brother Sir James Ker would
not take upon him the title of honour ; but his son, Robert, reassumed the title,
and recovered a part of the fortune : And having no issue, made a resignation of
his honour in favours of William Lord Newbattle, son of Robert Marquis of Lo-
thian, his nearest heir-male ; to be inherited by the eldest son of the family, as a
distinct peerage for ever.

KER Lord JEDBURGH, gules, on a cheveron argent, three mullets of the first ;
(Sir James Balfour, in his Blazons, adds a stag's head erased in base or, and so
illuminated in the House of Falahall) ; crest, a stag's head erased or, (Pont says, a
buck's head cabossed, proper, armed or), supporters, two savages, proper ; (Pont
^ives two angels, holding cornucopias in their hands) : motto, Forward.

Sir ROBERT KER Viscount of ROCHESTER, and Earl of Somerset in England, car-
ried for arms, as in Ashmole's Institution of the Garter, gules, on a cheveron argent,
three stars or mullets of the first; and in the dexter chief point, one of the Lions
of England. He was of the family of Fernihirst, and a younger brother to the
first Lord Jedburgh ; he served King James VI. for a long time in the quality of a

OF THE CHEVERON. 165

page, and at that king's coronation in England, was made a Knight of the Bath,
;:nd afterwards Baron of Branspeth, in the bishoprick of Durham ; in the year
1611, Viscount of Rochester, and the same year was installed one of the Knights
of the Most Noble Order of the Gaiter, and afterwards created Earl of Somrr-ct.
He was also Lord Chamberlain of the King's Household, one of the Lords of the
Privy-Council, and was a chief favourite at Court after the death of HUME Earl
of Dunbar, by whose favour he did rise ; but fell afterwards into disgrace by his lady
Frances Howard, daughter of Thomas Earl of Suflblk ; she bore to him a daugh-
ter, Anne, his only heiress, who was married to William Russel, Earl of Bedford ;
to whom she had issue.

KER of Ancrum : The first of this family was Robert Ker, second son to Sir
Andrew Ker of Fernihirst, and his spouse Janet Hume, daughter of Hume of
Polwarth ; of whom was Sir Robert Ker, who was created Lord Nisbet in Teviot-
dale, and' Earl of Ancrum by King Charles L He married first, a daughter of
Murray of Blackbarcny, who bore to him a son, William, who became Earl of
Lothian, by marrying the only heiress of Robert Ker Earl of Lothian. Secondly,
he married a daughter of Stanly Earl of Derby ; and provided the title of Eail
of Ancrum by the King's approbation to the heir-male of that marriage, Charles,
who was Earl of Ancrum, who carried quarterly, first and fourth ermine, on a
chief parti, argent and gu/es, a lion passant counter-changed; second and third
gules, on a cheveron argent, three stars or mullets of the first ; crest, a stag's head
and neck couped argent, collared gules, and charged with three mullets argent, is-
suing out of an open crown or ; supporters, two stags proper, collared as the crest :
with the motto, Tout droit.

KER of Littledean,. descended of a second brother of Cessford, quarterly, first
and fourth vert, on a cheveron argent, three stars gules, and in base, an unicorn's
head erased of the second, for KER ; second and third azure, three crosses moline
argent, for Ainslie of Dolphinton, as in the Plate of Achievements. But our old
books give for arms to Ainslie of Dolphinton, .or, a cross-flory, gules. Sir ANDREW
KER of Littledean got the barony of the Hirsel in the Merse, from King James V.
because he was the first that brought the news to the king, that the Lord Home
and his followers defeat the English at Haddonridge. This family was designed
KER of Hirs>el, as above ; and their arms are illuminated in the house of Falahall,
being vert, on a cheveron argent, three stars gules, and in base an unicorn's head
erased of the second. The Earls of Home acquired the barony of Hirsel from Ker
of Littledean, which is now the seat of the family of Home.

Sir ANDREW KER of Greenhead, Bart, descended of Fernihirst, gules, on a
cheveron argent, three stars or mullets of the first, a buck's head erased in base,
and for difference, in chief, a crescent of the second. Lyon Register. As in the
Plate of Achievements.

KER of Chatto, the same with Greenhead, a cadet of that family, within a bor-
dure azure. Lyon Register.

KER of Cavers, descended of Fernihirst ; gules, on a cheveron argent, three
stars ot the first, all within a bordure cheque of the second and first ; crest, a stag's
head erased proper, with ten tynes or : motto, Tout droit. Lyon Register.

KER of Sutherland-Hall, (representative of Ker of Yair, who was a cadet of
Fernihirst) gules, on a cheveron argent, three stars of the first, in base, a stag's
fiead erased, (some books, in place of it, give a hunting horn or, stringed argent,)
all within a bordure invected of the second. ; crest, a dexter hand holding a dag-
ger, proper : motto, Abest timor. Lyon Register.

KER of Faldonside ; quarterly, first vert, on a cheveron argent, between three
unicorn's heads erased of the last, as many stars gules ; second or, on a bend azure,
three mascles of the first ; third as second, and fourth as the first, for Halyburton
of Dirleton ; one of whose heiresses thia- family married.

KER ot Fairnilee, a cadet of Cessford ; vert, on a cheveron argent, three stars
gules, and in base a pelican vulnerate or. Font's Manuscript. And there also,

KER of SamueKton ; argent, an unicorn salient sable, horned or, an old branch
of the Kers, whether of Cessford or Fernihirst I know not, for the first of this
family laid aside his paternal bearing, and took the arms of Samuelston of that Ilk
in East-Lothian. This family ended in George Ker of Samuelston, in the reign

1 66 OF THE CHEVERON.

of King James III. who had only one daughter, Nicolas Ker, who was married to
the Lord Home.

LORD Charles KER, Director of his Majesty's Chancery in Scotland, carries the
same as the present Marquis his brother, with a suitable difference, crest the same;
motto, A Deo lumen.

KER. of Abbot-rule, son to Charles Ker of Abbot-rule, third son to William Earl
of Lothian, carries the same with, the present Marquis of Lothian, but places, for
difference, in the centre, an unicorn's head erased proper ; crest, the sun rising out
of a cloud, proper : motto, J'avance. As in the Plate of Achievements.

The surname of BALFOUR ; argent, on a cheveron sable, an otter's head erased
of the first. Sir James Balfour, in his Blazons, says, Balfour of that Ilk, of old, car-
ried argent, a cheveron betwixt three otters' heads erased sable. The lands of,
Balfour or Ball-or, on the water of Or in Fife, gave name to the ancient heritors of
these lands, and their descent is reckoned from the reign of King Duncan* See
Sir Robert Sibbald's History of Fife. Ingillramus de Balfour is a witness in a char-
ter of Alexander II. to the Monastry of Aberbrothick. In the parliament holden
at Ayr, 1315, is Michael de Balfour, Sheriff of Fife, and David de Balfour, whose
seals of arms are appended in taihieing the crown, and there were then several
heritors of that name in Fife. In the reign of Robert II. Sir John Balfour of that
Ilk died without male issue, leaving a daughter and heiress, who was married to
Robert Bethune, who got with her the barony of Balfour, their issue retained the
name of Bethune, but were designed of Balfour ; of whom afterwards.

The next family was BALFOUR of Balgarvie ; King James II. gave to Sir John
Balfour of Balgarvie the lands of Burleigh, from which he and his posterity were
designed, who carried argent a cheveron sable, charged with an otter's head erased
of the field, and in base a rose gules. Balfour's Manuscript. The family continu-
ed till the reign of King James VI. that Sir James Balfour of Mountquhanny, Clerk
Register, married Margaret Balfour, heiress of Burleigh.

MOUNTQUHANNY carried argent, a cheveron sable, charged with an otter's head
erased of the first, and in base a saltier couped of the second ; Balfour's Manu-
script. Their son, Sir Michael Balfour of Burleigh and Balgarvie, was created
Lord Burleigh, at Whitehall, by King James VI. July 16. 1607. He was then
ambassador for that king to the Dukes of Tuscany and Loraine, and married a daugh-
ter of Lundie of that Ilk, and had with her but one daughter, Margaret, his heir,
Baroness of Burleigh. She married Robert Arnot of Fernie, who took upon him
, the name and arms of Balfour, and, in her right, was Lord Burleigh. Of him is
descended the present Lord Burleigh, who carries argent on a cheveron sable, an ot-
ter's head erased of the first, supported on the dexter by an otter seiant, proper ;
and on the sinister by a swan, proper ; and for crest, a lady standing on a rock
holding in her right hand an otter's head, and in her left, a swan's head : motto
Omne solurn forti patria* Some illuminated books represent the woman as a Mer-
maid.

BALFOUR of Grange, descended of the family of Mountquhanny, argent, on a
chever.on sable, an otter's head erased of the first ; crest, a castle argent, on the
embankment, a woman attired gules, holding in her hand an otter's head: motto,
.Nil teinere. Lyon Register.

Mr DAVID BALFOUR of Grange, (says Dr Sibbald) is representative of the an-
cient family of Mountquhanny, who has a charter from King William the Lion.

BALFOUR of Denmill, or, on a cheveron sable , accompanied with three cinquefoils
vfrt, an otter's head erased of the field. Sir Robert Sibbald, in his fore-mentioned.
History of Fife, tell us, that King James II. in the fourth year of his reign, gave
the lands of Denmill to his beloved and familiar servant, James Balfour, son to Sir
John Balfour of Balgarvie. From this James Balfour wa^ lineally descended Sir
ja-nes Balfour of Denmill, Lyon King at Arms, in the reign of King Charles I.
i[c \var> a curious antiquary, and knowing in Heraldry, whose blazons I mention
frequently in this treatise.

•S;i- DAVID BALFOUR of Forret, a younger son of Sir Michael Balfour of Den-

;ni!l, and one of the Senators of the College of Justice, or, on a cheveron sable,

rfxt f/.vo. trefoil; in chief vert, and a lion rampant in base gules, an otter's-

OF THE CHEVERON. 16;.

head erased argent ; crest, an eagle rising, proper: motto, Diev aidant. Ly on Re-
gister. And there also,

MICHAEL BALFOUR of Randerston, third son of Sir Michael Balfour of Denmill,
and same with Forret ; but in place of the lion in base, a garb vert bended or ;
crest, a cresent.

Sir ANDREW BALFOUR, an eminent and learned physician, a son of Denmill, car-
ried the arms of that family with a filial difference.

BALFOUR of Balbirnie, argent, on a cheveron, ingrailcd between three mullets
sable, a selch's head erased. of the first; crest, a palm tree, proper; with the motto,
ftrtus ad tfthera tend.it. Lyon Register.

BALFOUR of Kirkton, vert, on a cheveron argent, accompanied with three cres-
cents or ; an otter's head erased sable. B. M.

BALFOUR of Carriston.^M/f.r, on a cheveron. or, betwixt two otters' heads in chief,
and a flower-de-luce in base of the second, an otter's head erased of the first.
This family ended in an heiress, married to a younger son of the Lord Seaton, now-
designed Seaton. of Carriston, who quarters these srms with Seaton. Balfour's
Manuscript.

BALFOUR of Ballow, sable, a cheveron or, charged with an otter's head erased
of the first, and in chief a label of three points gules. Balfour's Manuscript.

BALFOUR of Lalethen, sable, on a chevenan argent, betwixt three roses of the
second, an otter's head erased of the first. These last blazons, are in Sir James
Balfour, Lyon King at Arms, his Manuscript of Blazons ; where he says, I con-
firmed to Dr David Balfour of Lalethen his arms, in anno 1638.

LANGLANDS of that Ilk, a family of a good standing in Teviotdale, argent, on a
cheveron gules, three stars of the first, Mackenzie's Heraldry ; crest, an anchor in
pale placed in the sea, proper : motto, Spero. Lyon Register.

BALCASK.IE of that Ilk, -vert, on a cheveron argent, three trefoils slipped of the
first ; Workman's and Font's Manuscripts.

The surname of BOG, gules, on a cheveron argent, three stars sable. Work-
man's Manuscript. Allter, argent, a cheveron between two cinquefoils in chief,
»nd a boar's head erased and erected in base gules. Font's Manuscript. And there
also,

Boo of Burnhouse, argent, a cheveron gules between two cinquefoils in chief,
and a boar's head in base sable..

BACK.IE of Tankerness, argent, on a cheveron gules, accompanied with three
flames of fire, a lion rampant betwixt two stars of the field; crest, a flame of fire:
motto, Commodum non damnum, Lyon Register. And there also,

DUNCAN of Ardounie, gules, on a cheveron between two cinquefoils in chief, and
and a hunting horn in base, argent, virroled and stringed azure, three buckles of the
last ; crest, a grey-hound issuing from the wreath, proper, collared or : motto,
Vivat veritas. Lyon Register.

DUNCAN of Seafield, now of Lundie, in Angus, gules, a cheveron or, between two
cinquefoils in chief, and a hunting-horn in base argent, garnished azure ; crest, a
ship under sail : motto, Disce pati; as in the Flate of Achievements.

DUNCAN of Mott, gules, on a cheveron between two cinquefoils in chief, and
n hunting horn in base, or, three buckles azure. Font's Manuscript. And there
also,

KNOWS of that Ilk, argent, a cheveron between three roses gules.

The surname of Lr ARMONTH, Hector Boece places this amongst the oldest surnames
in the reign of Malcolm III. The armorial bearing of this name, or, on a cheve-
ron sable, three mascles of the first. The principal family of this name was Lear-
month of Esselmont in the Merse, of which was Thomas Learmonth, commonly
called the Rymer, who lived in the reign of Alexander III. A son of this family
married Janet Dairsie, heiress of Dairsie ih Fife, for which he added a rose, a part of
his wife's bearing, for his difference, carried by the Learmonths of Dairsie.

LEARMOMTH of Balcony, quarterly, first and fourth or, on a cheveron sable, three
mascles of the first, for Learmonth; second and third azure, on a bend argent, three
roses g iti'ts, for Dairsie, some say Balcomy ; crest, a rose slipped gules : motto, S:
Lyon

OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES.

One of this family was. Master of the Household to King James IV. and pretend-
ed that his progenitor was the eldest son of Dairsie, and took to himself the estate of
Kalcomy, because it held of the King, preferred it to Dairsie, which held of the
Bishop of St Andrews ; but both of these families are now extinct.

CAKUTHERS or CARUTHERS, gules, two cheverons ingrailed between three flower-
de-luces or. The chief of this name is Carruthers of Holmains in Annandale,
who carries the same ; and for crest, a seraphim volant, proper ; with the motto,
Promptus fc? fidelis. They have all along continued faithful to the Royal Family
and country, as our historians tell us; when Robert, the High Steward, (afterwards
king) took the field against Edward Baliol, for his sovereign and uncle King David
II. Among those that early joinly him, was William Carruthers of Holmains,
who, as they say, with his friends and followers, creeped out of their holes, having
always withstood the government of the English, and continued firm in their al-
legiance to their Kings. There is a charter of King James III. of the lands of Torry,
with the patronage of St Mary's Kirk of Torry, within the shire of Dumfries, grant-
ed to Thomas Carruthers of Holmains, for his special services in expelling the
king's rebels and English out of the country : The words of the charter are these,
" Dedisse dilecto nostro familiari Thomie Carruthers, pro suo fideli servitio nobis
" prius ac novissime impenso in nostri regni defensione in bello & conflictu contra
" Alexandrum Stewart, & Jacobum Douglass & alios regni rebelles, £• veteres
" Anglos hostes, qui regnum nostrum hostiliter armis invaserunt." This charter
is dated at Edinburgh the 25th of July 1484, and to be seen in the register in the
lower Parliament House. This family was also eminently loyal to Queen Mary, as
in Crawfurd's Memoirs of that Queen ; and the family continues still in a lineal
descent.

The surname of PAXTON, argent, two cheverons sable, between three mullets
placed in yde gules; (aliter) azure, on a cheveron argent, five garbs sable. Pout's
Manuscript. And there also,

The name of GARDEN of that Ilk, argent, two cheverons ingrailed gules.

GARDEN of Barrowfield, argent, a boar's head erased sable, between three mul-
lets gules.

GARDEN of Leys, argent, a boar's head erased sable, betwixt three cross croslets
fitched gules.

PEARSON of Balmadies, argent, two swords cheveron-ways azure, piercing a
man's heart in chief, proper, and in base, a cinquefoil of the second ; crest, a
dove holding an olive branch in her beak, proper : motto, Dum spiro spero* Lyon
Register.

PEARSON of Kippenross has the swords or daggers otherways, viz. argent, two
swords or daggers issuing from the dexter and sinister chief points, their points
downward, and conjoined in base, piercing a man's heart, proper, and a cinque-
foil sable in the collar point ; crest, a tower, proper : motto, Rather die than
disloyal. L- R.

CHAP. XVIII.

OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES.

FIGURES in armories are either proper or natural ; the first have their name
from the Science of Heraldry, and in general are commonly called the or-
dinaries ; which again are distinguished into honourable ordinaries and sub-ordi-
naries. I have fully treated of the first, being nine in number, and I proceed now
to the sub-ordinaries, so called, not upon the account that they are not so honour-
able as the former, for all figures in armories are equally honourable, data paritate
gestantium, as heralds speak ; but because the sub-ordinaries give place, and cede
the principal point of the shield to the honourable ordinaries, when in one field to-
gether; neither do they claim a proper and fixed place in the field, as the honourable
ordinaries do : As also, because their names are more derived from nature, and
other arts, than from this honourable science, though not altogether so free from
armorial terms, as the natural figures, such as lions, bears, eagles, &c. So that the

OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES. 169

sub-ordinaries may be properly here treated of between the honourable ordinaries
and natural figures, and are these ; the bordure, escutcheon, orle, tressure, point,
pairle, pyle, git MI, framquarter, canton, points, cquipolles or cheque, fusils, lozenge,
mascle, rustre, fret, billet, besant, tortcaux, -vires, annulet, pappelonne, gutte, diapre ;
of all which I shall treat separately.

OF THE BORDURE.

THE bordure goes round the extremities of the shield, and, takes up the fifth parr
of the field by the English : But by our practice, sometimes less, sometimes more,
accordingly as it is charged or not charged, and suits with the figures, within a
bordure gules. Plate VII. fig. 20.

With the French it is looked upon as an honourable ordinary, and, as other or-
dinaries, possesses the third of the field ; as Menestrier describes it, " Bordure est
" une piece honorable qui prend tous les bords de 1'ecu en forme de ceinture selon
" le fens de 1'ecu." Monsieur Baron says, it is as a shield surrounding a shield,
diminished to a third part ; the Latins call it, bordura, linibus, margo, istjfimbta.

With us and the English it is looked upon as an additional figure or difference, for
the distinction of coats of arms of particular persons and families, descended from one
and the same house and original stock ; and not as a principal figure, or one of
the honourable ordinaries. By principal figures I understand those fixed ones used
by the stems and chiefs of families, which are transmitted to all the descendants ;
and by additional figures, those which cadets and descendants add (as marks of
cadency) to the principal hereditary fixed figures of the stem, or chief of the fa-
mily, that they may be differenced from it, and from each other among them-
selves.

The bordure, indeed, is more frequently made use of as an additional figure or
mark of cadency than any of the honourable ordinaries ; yet it is, and has been
frequently carried in arms, as a principal figure, by the stems or chiefs of several
names, both with the French, English, and with us ; a few instances of which I
shall here mention.

In the Chronicle of Jonvil, and other French histories, we read that Charles the
Great gave arms to several of his brave officers, and to Arnold Viscount of Coze -
rans, or, a bordure gules ; where the bordure is not only the- principal, but the
only figure, and without it the shield or would not be arms. Many of such in-
stances I could add, but I forbear, since it is not questioned by the French, but looked
upon by them as a principal figure, and an honourable ordinary, and carried by
some chief families with us. The old Earls of DUNBAR and MARCH, without ques-
tion chief of the name and family, carried gules, a lion rampant, within a bordure
argent, charged with eight roses of the first.

The Earl of PANMURE, of whom before, has his arms within a bordure ; which is
carried by all the descendants of these families as a principal figure. And further,
it may be said, for the honour of the bordure, that it should the rather be looked
upon as a principal figure, since it has diminutives in heraldry, as the other ho-
nourable ordinaries have, such as the orle, essonier, and tressure : With the last of
which the French would never have recompensed the Scots, for the heroic assist-
ance they gave them in their wars, had it been a figure that was never used but
for a brisure, as all marks of cadency are ; neither would the Scots have retained it
so carefully in their royal standards and ensigns if it had not been a principal and
honourable figure. Nor would the Kings of Portugal have carried their arms
within a bordure ; nor would Richard Earl of Poictiers and Cornwall, in the year
1 225, have placed the feudal arms of the Earldom of Cornwall, being sable, bcsantic
or, by way of bordure round the feudal arms of Poictiers, being argent, a lion
rampant gules, crowned or. So that they are mistaken, who affirm that a bordure
is never to be found in a coat of arms, but as a brisure and mark of cadency : I
am therefore to treat here of it without further consideration, than as an armorial
figure in its different forms and attributes, as I have done of the ordinaries before.

Sir ALEXANDrR CUMING of Coulter, azure, three garbs within a bordure or: crest,
a garb of the last : motto, Courage. Lyon Register.

U u

i7o OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES.

MURRAY of Deuchar, the arms of Philiphaugh, within a bordure g ule s ; crest, an
esculop of the last : motto, Fidei signum.

Sir JAMES DUNDAS of Arniston, one of the Senators of the College of Justice,
descended of a younger son of Dundas of that Ilk, bears Dundas, viz. argent, a
lion rampant gules, within a bordure ermine, Plate VII. fig. 21. Those who have
had the honour of late to be Senators o? that Honourable Judicatory have chosen
• the furr ermine as senatorial, of which the additional figures are, as Sir Colin Camp-
bell of Aberuchill, Sir Andrew Home of Kimmergham, and others, have their arms
within a bordure ermine.

Sir THOMAS STEWART of Bulcaskie, sometime one of the Senators of that learned
and honourable Bench, descended of Stewart of Grandtully, charged the arms of
that family within a bordure counter-ermine. Fig. 22. Plate VII.

DOUGLAS of Earnslaw, of whom before, has his arms within a bordure vair.
Fig. 23. Plate VII.

DUNBAR of Heuiprigs, descended of the family of Kilbuyach, a cadet of Dunbar
of Westfield, Westfield's arms within a bordure vair, or and gules. So much
then for plain bordures. I proceed to others under accidental forms.

GREY Lord GREY of Wark. in England, gules, a lion rampant within a bordure
ingrailed argent ; thus blazoned by Imhoff, Scutum, quo Baro Gray de Werk utitur,
rubst, sed margine dentato argenteo distinctum est, leonem qui continet, dicto tinctum
metallo ; Plate VII. fig. 25. This family -represents the ancient Greys of Chil-
lingham in Northumberland, and was dignified by the title of Lord Grey of
Wark, the nth of February 1623, by King James I. of Great Britain ; and of late,
Viscount Glendale in Northumberland, and Earl of Tankerville in Normandy.
One of the heads of this family was honoured with the last title, long since, by
King Henry V. of England.

GRAY Lord GRAY in Scotland carries the same arms with my Lord Grey of
Wark and Chillingham in England, supported by two lions gardant gules, armed
or ; crest, an anchor in pale or : motto, Anchor, fast anchor. The first of this fa-
mily was a son of Grey of Chillingham, or Ford, in Northumberland, in the reign
of Alexander II. who came to Scotland, and gave his allegiance to that king, and
got the lands of Roufield *, in the shire of Roxburgh : His issue has continued still
in Scotland. I have seen a charter (in the custody of Lauder of Fountainhall)
granted by Robert Lauder of Quarrelwood to Thomas Borthwick, in the reign of
Alexander III. Amongst the witnesses is Andrew Gray ; and he, or another
Andrew Gray, gets a charter of confirmation of the lands of Roufield from King
R.obert the Bruce, as in the Earl of Haddington's Collections, in the Lawyers'
Library : As also, in the pth year of that king's , reign, Andrew Gray got a charter
of the lands and barony of Longforgan, with several other lands, which formerly
belonged to Sir Edmund Hastings. Amongst the witnesses in the charters of
King Robert II. is Johannes de Gray, Clericus Rotulorum, & Registri Regis ; and,
i:i the reign of King Robert III. Sir Patrick Gray of Roufield is designed in a
charter of Thomas Strachan of Glenkindy, nobilis & patens Dominus Patricius Gray
miles, Dominus de Roufield ; and from the same king he gets a charter of confirma-
of the lands of Longforgan, where he is called cons anguine us noster. His son Sir
Andrew Gray married Janet Mortimer, heiress of Foulis, with whom he got the
barony of Foulis. I have seen an instrument under the note and subscription of
Patrick Nick, actornatus nobilis, iS potentis Domini Andrea Gray de Foulis, in anno
1405: And it is thought he was the first lord of that family, which is now repre-
sented by the present John Lord Gray.

In the chapter of Partition Lines and their accidental forms, I showed that the
two lines ingrailed and invected would be best understood when they formed bor-
dures. The ingrailed line carries always its points into the field, and the invected
into the figure or bordure it forms, with its gibbose or convex parts into the field ;
and for these two attributes the French say engrele and candle, and the Latins or-
dinarily, ingrediatus and invectus. The word ingrailed seems to be derived from
ingrediar, to enter or go in, as Upton saith, quia ejus color gradatim infertur in
campf). The invected bordure, called canelle by the French, is contrary to the for-
mer ; for its points encroach into the bordure, and is called invectus, from inveho,
to carry in. Mr Gibbon, in^his Introduction 4d Latinam Blazoniam, says ingredj.-

* Browfield in Crawfurd and Douglas's Peerages. E*

OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES. 1 7 1

atus and invectus are too strait laced to breathe out their meaning ; wherefore he
says, that these lines are made or' little semi-circles, like half moons ; and therefore,
he adds to their blazon, Id est, ad or as in semi-lunulas delineatum, for ingraiUd, and
for invected, i.e. ad oras, gibbis ( seugibbusisj liniis exaratum. For an example
of the first, he gives us the bearing of THOMAS Lord COLEPEPER of Thorseway in
Lincolnshire, son of John Lord Colepeper, which he blazons thus : Gerit baltbeum
hunuralem satiguineum-utrinque ingrediatum, in pat ma argent e a, i.e. argent, a bend
ingrailed gules ; and for instance of a bordure invected, he gives us the arms of the
Levant, or Turkey Company in England, qui gerunt navim deauratam, (cui vela fcf
vcxilla alba, cuncta crucibus rubeis insignita) mare inter duos scopulos {hac color is
nativi) transeuntem ; caput autem scuti est argenteum. \3 invest urn ; hoc est (ad or as)
gibbis, (sen gibbosis lineis) operatum vel delineatum, i. e. on a sea between two
rocks proper, a ship dr, sails and pendants ensigned \vith crosses gules, a chief in-
vected argent. This accidental form, viz. of the line invected or canelle, as the
French say, is not so frequent in arms with us as the ingrailed line.

CAMPBELL of Monchaster carries the arms of the Earl of Breadalbane, before bla-
zoned, within a bordure invected sable. PI. VII. fig. 26.

A bordure indented is latined limbus dentatus indentatns or denticulatus, because it
is nicked and cut like teeth, after the fashion of contracts or indentures of old ;
and is very frequent with the English.

Sir FRANCIS OGILVIE of Newgrange, descended from the Earl of Airly, Plate VII.
fig. 27. argent, a lion passant gardant gules, crowned with a close crown, and
gorged with an open one, within a bordure indented of the second ; crest, a demi-
lion azure, grasping in his dexter paw a garb, proper: motto, Marte IS Industria.
Lyon Register.

When the indentment or the teeth are large the figure is then said to be dan-
cette ; by the Latins, denies decumani ; so that the word indented is borrowed from
denies, teeth ; whereunto the same hath a resemblance.

Sometimes we meet with plain bordures, which have two different tinctures
conjoined by indenting, or otherwise, such as by ingrailing or embattling lines in
the middle of the bordure, and then it is called a double bordure indents' of such
tinctures, or a bordure counter -indented ; by some blazoned, a bordure parted per
bordure indented ; and others say, as Holmes, a bordure azure, charged with ano-
ther indented or. Plate VII. fig. 28.

HAMILTON of Blanty re-Farm, a cadet of Hamilton of Boreland, a cadet of the fa-
mily of Hamilton, gules, three cinquefoils ermine, within a double bordure indent-
ed argent, and of the first ; crest, a trunk of an oak tree couped in pale, sprout-
ing out two branches proper : motto, Non deficit alter. Lyon Register.

Here the bordure is plain as to the line that forms it ; but indente, as to the
joining of the t\vo tinctures within, for which it is variously "blazoned, as before :
counter-indented bordures are frequent abroad, especially in Italy ; of which Syl-
vester Petra Sancta says, they are taken from the hems of robes and garments of
princes, and are ornamental, and signs of patronage.

A bordure waved is formed on the inner side by a line, crooked like a wave of
the sea, of which before.

HAMILTON of Ladylands, descended of the family of Torrence, a cadet of Hamil-
ton, now Duke of Hamilton, gules, a mullet between three cinquefoils, all within
u bordure waved argent. Lyon Office.

Bordure Nebule, when the inner line of the bordure is formed like clouds.

GORDON of Rothness, a second son of the family of Lesmoir, azure, a fesse
cheque argent, and of the first, between three boars' heads couped or, within a
bordure nebule of the second. Lyon Register.

Bordure embattled or crenelle is when the inner line is formed like the embat-
tlements of a castle or fort, for which the Latins say, Limbus muralibus pinnis in-
cinctus. HAMILTON of Olive-Stob, in East-Lothian, gules, a martlet between three
cinquefoils argent, within a bordure embattled or.

The bordure may be charged with all things animate or inanimate, and with
proper and armorial figures ; of which there are many blazons mentioned in this
Treatise, which I forbear here to repeat. But I cannot but acquaint my reader,
that I do not follow the English in their fanciful words in blazoning of bordures,

1 72 OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES.

when charged with different sorts of figures, but give my blazon of them, as we
and other nations have been in use to do. I shall only briefly show their singulari-
ty in blazoning of such bordures : If charged with inanimate things, as annulets,
besants, escalops, &c. they say a bordure entoire, from the French word, entovre,
i. e. About ; which is superfluous, for all bordures go about the shield ; as for ex-
ample, Plate VII. fig. 29. The bearing of Mr JAMES SCOTT, sometime Sheriff-
Clerk of Edinburgh, descended of the Scotts of Knightspottie, or, on a bend azure,
a star between two crescents of the field, within a bordure gules, charged with
eight besants of the first ; the English heralds would say, especially the old ones,
a bordure g ules, entoire of eight besants. When the bordure is charged with ve-
getables, they say verdoy of such flowers, fruits, or leaves, as in the bearing (Plate
VII. fig. 30.) of SCOTT of Hedderwick, a younger son of Scott of Logic, argent, a
fesse crenelle, between three lions' heads erased, gules ; within a bordure of the
last, vcrdoy of six flower-de-luces of the first.

When the bordure is charged with birds, it is called by them enaluron. Mr
Skinner, in his Dictionary, says, that enaluron is the corruption of inorolatus, i. e.
orle-ways ; but Sir George Mackenzie more properly brings it from the French,
who say, a bordure en alerions, when they blazon a bordure charged with
alerions ; so that the term enaluron by the English is certainly the corruption of
alerion, a bird, very frequent in armories, of which afterwards.

HAMILTON of West-Port, Plate VII. fig. 30. gules, three cinquefoils ermine with-
in a bordure argent, charged with eight martlets of the first ; the English would
say, enaluron off eight martlets ; which term the French and we omit as insignifi-
cant and superfluous.

When the bordure is charged with beasts, they term it a bordure enurny ; and
so they would blazon the bordure in the bearing of ALEXANDER GORDON, some-
time Provost of Aberdeen, whose father was a second son of Gordon of Tullyangus,
who was a son of Gordon of Craig, azure, three boars' heads couped or, within a
bordure waved of the last enurny (we say only charged) of three unicorns' heads
erased sable, and as many stags tripping, proper, alternately. L. R.

In the blazon of the arms of STEWART of Newark, or, a fesse cheque azure and
argent, within a bordure gules, (the English would say enurny and entoire, upon
the account it is charged with living and inanimate things) charged with three
lions rampant, and as many ships at anchor of the first. L. R.

When the bordure is of any of the furrs, they call it a bordure purjlew ermine, or
pur/lew vair ; but the French and other nations use not these terms, but say only
ermine and iair as we do ; and they who please to follow the English in these
terms may so do, for I have shown them the way.

Bordures are very frequent with us and other nations, and of different forms, of
which I shall add some examples ; and first of bordures gobonated, or compone,
counter-compone and cheque.

A bordure gobonuted or compone, the last term is used by the French, when

the bordure or any other figure is filled with one rank of square pieces alternately
of metal and colour ; and is latined by Upton, gobonatuf ; we and the English
say ordinarily for compone, gobone or, gobonated ; Mr Gibbon says, it is a word used
in carving, as to gobon or nick a lamprey, or other fish, in seven or eight pieces ; the
English sometimes, but we especially, use also the word compone.

PHILIP Duke of BURGUNDY, surnamed the Hardy, the youngest lawful son of
John King of France, encompassed the arms of France within a bordure gobonated
or compone, argent and gules, Plate VII. fig 32. Which wrere the ensign of Bur-
gundy Modern, and quartered it with Burgundy Ancient, bande of six, or and gules,
within a bordure of the last. Chiffletius blazons the arms of Burgundy Modern
thus, Area ccerulea liliis aureis sparsa, limbo circumducto ex argento et coccineo an
gularibus, compositus. Mr Gibbon takes this Latin blazon to task, and approves of
the word compositus, for compone, but not of the word angularibus ; for angularis
expresses a corner, and corners are of several forms : And therefore he mends the
blazon thus, Limbus duSlu simplici vel singulari & talibus coloribus tessalatus, or,
quadrangulatus, to show it is composed of square pieces, and of one tract ; this
bordure has been of old of great esteem in differencing lawful sons ; for those arms
of Burgundy, above blazoned, have been marshalled with those of Spain, and stood

OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES.

chief leader of all the other Arms of dukedoms and provinces in Belgium, marshal
led in the achievement of that kingdom ; but of late the bordure gobonated is
fallen into disgrace, by giving it to bastards, and their legitimates. Of which 1
shall treat in the chapter of the Marks of Cadency.

JAMES Duke of BERWICK, natural son to King James VII. carries the arms of
Britain, within a bordure compone, gules and azure ; the first charged with lions
passant gardant or, for England; the second with flower-de-luces of France, tin-
bordure, thus latjned by Imhoff, Limbum e quadris rubeis & cxrulcis compos it urn,
ita tit riibca leonibus Anglis, caruleae Liliis Francicis distinctie.

Counter-compone , (which some say cbitnter-gobone) consists of two ranges or tracts
of square pieces alternately of different tinctures : For the French say ordinarily,
cojitre-compone , and sometimes eschequete, deux traits ; and the Latins, lirnbus duptici
tractit tesselarurn cotnpositus. Plate VII. fig. 33.

WILLIAM SCOTT, a second son of Bevelaw, his father's arms, as before, within a
bordure counter-compone, or and azure. Lyon Register. And there also,

BURNEX of Balleladies, descended of Burnet of Leys, the arms of Leys within a
bordure counter-compone, argent and azure ; and for crest, a branch of holly, slipped,
proper : motto, Necfluctu, necflatu. New Register.

Bordure cheque consists of three ranges or tracts at least, or more, of square
pieces alternately of different tinctures.

BARCLAY of Touch, descended of Cullerny, azure, a cheveron or, betwixt three
crosses patee argent, within a bordure cheque of the second and first ; of which
before, Plate VII. fig. 34. Here the engraver is faulty in making the bordure two
large.

GRAHAM of Gartur surrounds the arms .of Graham, within a bordure cheque ;
and so does Leslie of Findrassie with such a bordure. Many more examples are to
be met with in this Treatise, which cannot be properly here repeated. The bor-
dure is not only varied by accidental forms and charges, but likewise, as the shield
may be parti, coupe, tranche, faille ; so that the bordure is a figure like a second
shield, capable of many variations, to difference many descendants of one stem.

Plate Vll. fig. 35. JOHN GORDON, Hneal representative of the family of Braco,
descended of Gordon of Haddo, now Earl of Aberdeen, azure, three boars' heads
couped or, armed and langued g ule s, within a bordure parti, argent and or. In. the
Lyon Register. And there,

GORDON of Nethermuir, another cadet of the Earl of Aberdeen, the same within
a bordure coupe argent and or ; crest, a dexter hand holding an arrow bend-ways :
motto, Majores seqttor : As Plate VIII. fig. i, and 2. : And in the Plate of Achieve-
ments.

ROBERT ARBLTHNOT, Merchant in Montrose, descended of the House of Por-
terton, descended of the family of Arbuthnot of that Ilk, now Viscount of Ar-
buthnot, azure, a crescent between three stars argent, all within a bordure indent-
ed, and quartered of the second and first ; crest, a dove within an adder, disposed
in orle, proper : motto, Innocue ac provide. New Register.

Bordures quartered, {parti and coupe} are frequent with us ; Colonel Henry
Graham, whose father William Graham was brother-german to John Earl of Mon-
trose, Viceroy of Scotland in the reign of King James VI. carried Montrose';,
quartered arms within a bordure, quartered, gules and sable.

ROBERT HAMILTON of Presmennan, sometime one of the Senators of the College
of Justice, (grandfather to the present Lord Belhaven) descended of Hamilton of
Bruntwood, a lawful brother of the family of Hamilton, now honoured with the
title ot duke of that name, gules, three cinquefoils ermine with a bordure quarterly
vair, and counter-compone of argent, and the first. Lyon Register. The English
would call this a bordure purflew, upon the account of the furr, as they blazon the arms
of Henry Fitzroy Duke of Richmond, natural son to King Henry VIII. of England,
who carried the imperial ensign of that kingdom within a bordure, quarterly, com-
posed of purflew ermine, and counter-compone, or and azure.

Fig. 3. Bordure, quarterly, per saltier, (tranche and tail I e} such an one sur-
rounds the arms of Porto-Carrera in Spain, which Sylvester Petra Sancta blazons
•in French, bordure escartele en sautoir a' argent et de guailes, and such a bordnre

i74 OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES.

goes round the arms of Palma Counts of Palma, charged with a cross gule s, on.
the upper part argent.

Plate VIII. fig. 4. The same author gives, us the same example of another bor-
dure, which we would call girony of eight, argent and gules, round the arms of
Castile and Leon, borne by the family of Valenzvelae in Spain ; which bordure
he blazons on the margin of his book, escartele ' . contre-escartele, which is the
same with parti, coupe, tranche, faille, called by the English, bordure quarterly
quartered, being divided per cross and per saltier. As Mr Holmes in his Academy
of Armory.

Bordures are given us by these two last-mentioned writers, bendy, paly, and
barry, to whom I refer the curious.

Mr THOMAS CRAWFORD, a learned antiquary, in his Manuscript of Heraldry,
says, a bordure is the best distinction for younger sons erecting families. First,
Because it is in a manner a new coat, and may be put under accidental forms,
parted and charged. Secondly, Because it showeth the principal bearing whole,
and also unmixed, or composed with other figures in the middle. And, Thirdly,
It puts in mind the bearer, that he ought to be as a bordure or wall of defence to
the principal family he is descended from.

I shall add here the blazons of a few families with bordures, conform to my
former method.

Plain bordures have been very frequent in England, and anciently used by those
of the royal family. Edmund Earl of Kent, surnamed Woodstock, from the place
of his birth, second son of Edward I. of England, by his second wife Margaret of
France, carried the arms of England within a bordure argent. Thomas Duke of
Gloucester, a younger son of King Edward III. carried France (seme} quartered
with England, within a bordure argent. Humphry Duke of Gloucester, the fourth
son of King Henry IV. carried France (reduced to three flower-de-luces), quarter-
ed with England, all within a bordure argent ; though these three great men car-
ried a bordure argent, yet their arms differed : The first, England alone ; the
second, Old France quartered with England ; and the third, New France (that is
when the flower-de-luces were reduced to three), quartered with England, and
<>ach of those three princes had a plain bordure argent round their respective arms.
Sandford, in his Genealogical History of England, has this observe, That the
younger sons of England have deserted a plain bordure, since these last three emi-
nent men, who carried a bordure argent, suffered violent deaths ; Edmund behead-
ed, Thomas smothered to death, and Humphry poisoned.

MONTAGU Duke of MONTAGU, argent, three lozenges in fesse, gules within a
bordure sable. Sir Edward Montagu was advanced to the dignity of Baron of
England, by the title of Lord Mbntagu of Boughton, in the ipth of James I.
of Great Britain: His grandson, Ralph Montagu, was, in the year 1689, created
Viscount Monthermer and Earl of Montagu; and in the year 1705, Marquis of
Monthermer and Duke of Montagu.

TUFTON Earl of THANET, sable, an eagle displayed ermine, within a bordure
argent. This family was advanced to the dignity of a Baron of England, by the
title of Lord Tufton of Tufton and Earl of Thanet by King Charles I.

GRAY of Balligarno, gules, a lion rampant argent, holding between his paws an
anchor or, within a bordure ingrailed of the second.

GRAY of HAYSTON, afterwards designed of Endrighty, the arms of the Lord Gray,
with a writing pen in the right paw of the lion, upon the account that his father
w;i^ sheriff-clerk of Angus. Lyon Register.

PRINGLE of Greenknow, azure, three escalops or, within a bordure ingrailed of
the last.

WALLACE of Ellerslie, gules, a lion rampant argent, within a bordure compone (or
gobonated) azure, and of the second, as in Sir George Mackenzie's Heraldry : The
arms are, by Mr Pont, ascribed to Wallace of Craigie ; and he gives to Wallace of
Ellersly, quarterly, first and fourth gules, a lion rampant argent, by the name of
Wallace ; second and third gules, a fesse cheque, argent and azure, for Lindsay.

JAMES DUNDAS of Breast-Mill, argent, a lion rampant gules, within a bordure
gobonated of the first and second j crest, a lion from the shoulders issuing out of a
bush of oak vert ; with the motto, Essay ez. Lyon. Register »_

OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES. 1 75

FRASER of Phoppachy, azure, three cinquefoils argent, within a borclurc com-
poned of the second and first; crest, a. phoenix, proper; with the motto, N'jn cx-
tinguar. Lyon Register.

CHARLES Duke of RICHMOND, natural son to King Charles II. had the arms of
Great Britain within a bordure gobonated, argent and gules, the first charged with
roses or the last.

Thece is another form of a bordure, which Sir George Mackenzie gives in the
bearing of KILGOUR, viz. argent, a dragon with wings displayed withiu a bordure
inwardly circular sable,, charged with three crescents of the first.

Or THE ORLE.

THE orle is an inner bordure, which does not touch the extremities of the
shield, the field being seen within, and round it on both sides. Menestrier says,
orle est une bordure, qui ne louche pas les borus de fecit. Mr Gibbon Latins it, Limbus
a latere scuti disjunctus : And Sylvester Sancta, speaking of orles, says, Hi enim
sunt instar zontr, aut cinguli, it a ordinati, ut non tang ant fines postremos parmula tes-
serarite : And to distinguish them from bordures, which lie calls limbos vel mar-
gines continentes. He Latins orles, limbos vel margines intercisos dejunctosque.

The breadth of the orle is not determined by heralds, being a diminutive of
the bordure, proportionable to the extension of the field, and the figures within
and without which accompanied it. By some it is taken for an inescutcheon void-
ed ; and it is said by heralds to have been used in the arms of those who have given
protection and defence to their king and country ; for as the bordure defends the
figures that are within, so also doth the orle ; and may be thought, upon that ac-
count, to have been carried by some ancient families with us, who were very ac-
tive in defending the Borders of our kingdom against the English ; as the Dun-
bar's Earls of March, the Landels and the Rutherfords, of whom immediately ;
the double tressure, being of the nature of an orle, is said by some to be the badge
of the mutual assistance and defence between France and Scotland against their
enemies.

The Spaniards use the orle more frequently in their arms than other nations do ;
upon the account (says Sylvester Petra Sancta) of a noble maternal descent, as in
his book Tesserae Gentilitite, cap. 69. pag. 603 : the double tressure is carried with
us, upon the account of royal descent, by several families. Sir James Balfour, in
his Blazons, gives us the paternal arms of John Baliol, pretended King of Scot-
land, which he blazons or, an escutcheon gules, voided of the field, which is the
same with the orle : It is true, it has the form of an escutcheon, but always voided
of the field, or some other tincture ; and still after the form of an escutcheon,
though the field or shield which contains it be either oval, triangular, round, or square.
Mr Gibbon, in his Introductio ad Latinam Blazoniam, gives us the arms of John Ba-
liol, of other tinctures, being one of the magnates of Henry III. gules, an orle
argent : which, says he, yet stands in the body of Westminster Abbey Church,
on the north side, and which are also the arms of Baliol's College, he being the
founder thereof. This ancient surname and noble family came from Normandy,
being writ Balluel, Baliol : And now, as some will, Baillie ; and were lords of
great possessions in that country. Guy de Baliol came over to England with the
Conqueror's son, William Rufus, and was possessed of the barony of Bywell, in
Northumberland; for which lands his son did homage to King David I. of Scot-
land. He was succeeded by his son Eustace, and he again by Hugh de Baliol ;
whose eldest son John, married Dornagilla, daughter of Allan Lord of Galloway,
and of Margaret, the eldest daughter of David Earl of Huntingdon ; in whose
right he had many possessions in Scotland ; so that he was subject to three differ-
ent sovereigns, the King of Scotland, the King of England, and the King of
France, in whose dominions his lands lay. His son John Baliol, by the assistance
of Edward 1. was declared King of Scotland ; but afterwards dethroned, and fled
to Normandy 1287. His son Edward, by the assistance of Edward 111. of Eng-
land, got possession of the kingdom of Scotland, but was soon expelled, and in
him the direct line of this family ended. There were several collateral branches

t7o OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES.

of this surname of Baliol in Scotland, donors and witnesses in our Cloister Regis-
ters ; and in the Ragman-roll there are four or five of them of good account.
Some say that the Baillies are descended from the Baliols, which last name being-
odious to the nation they changed it to Baillie ; and it seems their arms too, for
they are very different from the Baliols, of which afterwards.

LANDELS Lord LANDELS, of old, in the shire of Berwick, carried or, an orle azure,
Plate VIII. fig. 6. This family long since ended in an heiress, who was married to Sir
ALEXANDER HOME of that Ilk, one of the progenitors of the present Earl of Home,
which family has ever since perpetuate the memory of the family of Landel, by
carrying the foresaid arms, by way of an inescutcheon, over their quartered ones.
William dc Landelys or Landel, son to the Baron of Landelis in the Merse, (Sib.
Hist, of Fife) being Provost of Kinkell, was consecrate Bishop of St Andrews
1441, and sat bishop 44 years; he died 1485.

LANDELS of Cowl, a cadet of the Lord Landel, gave the same arms, but, for differ-
ence, put it under an accidental form, viz. or, an orle indented on the inner side
azure. I have seen the seal of one Sir John Landels who had an orle between
three cinquefoils, all within a bordure, appended to a Procuratory of Resignation,
of the date 1426, granted by John Murray of Ogilfee, one of the progenitors of
Murray of Abercairnie, because he had not a seal of his own ; as the words of the
procuratory runs, " quia non habui sigillum proprium, ideo usus sum Sigillo Domini
" Johannis Landel." Which is to be seen among the registers in the Parliament-
house.

RUTHERFORD, argent, an vslzguks, and in chief three martlets sable, plate VIII.
fig. 7. The principal family of this surname, was Rutherford of that Ilk, an an-
cient and potent family in Teviotdale, on the Borders with England : The orle is
the principal armorial figure of the family, which may be thought to have been
assumed by them, upon the account beforementioned, in defending the Borders of
the kingdom against the English ; and the three martlets, to show that some of
the heads of the family had been in the warlike expeditions in the Holy Land,
against the Saracens, as these birds intimate, of which afterwards.

I am not to insist on the original of the name through uncertain tradition ; viz.
that one who guided Ruther King of the Scots through the river Tweed, in an
expedition against the Britons, at a certain place, thereafter, from that, culled
Ruthersford ; which was given to the guide. And when surnames came in use,
his posterity took their surname Rutherford from the lands ; neither am I to give
a complete genealogical deduction of the family and its branches, but those whom
I meet with upon records with their armorial bearings.

I have met with Nicolaus de Rutherford in Roxburghshire, in Prynne's Collections,
page 651, with other Scots Barons, submitting to Edward I. of England ; and
p;ige 655, Aymer de Rutherfurd is also a submitter. In Mr Barbour's History of
King Robert the Bruce, there is Sir Robert Rutherfurd fighting valiantly for his
king and country against the English : and the next I meet with of this family,
is Sir Richard Rutherford, designed Dominus de Rutherfurd, a person of great in-
terest and activity on the Borders, in the time of King Robert III. anno 1390, as
by charters in Rotulis Roberti III,

JAMES RUTHERFORD, designed Dominus ejusdem in the records, in the reign of
King James II. who, with other barons on the Borders, viz. the Homes, Cranston
of Cranston, and Ker of Cessfcrd, were conservators of the peace made with Eng-
land, in the year 1457; for which, see Doctor Abercromby's 2d vol. of his Martial
Achievements, page 371. This James Rutherford got a charter from King James
II. 1451, of the barony of Edgerston, and married Margaret Erskine, daughter to

Erskine, by whom he had two sons, Richard and Thomas ; the eldest,

Richard, died before his father, and left a son, Richard, and two daughters, Helen
and Katharine Rutherfords. In the year 1492, the above James Rutherford ob-
tains a charter under the Great Seal, ratifying and confirming a chatter granted by
William Douglas of Cavers, as superior of the lands of Rutherford and Well, to
himself, and his grandson, Richard, his apparent heir, and his heir-male ; which
tailing, to his second son Thomas, and his son and apparent Robert, and his heirs-
male.

OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES. 177

In the year 1499, May 5, Richard is served heir to his grandfather James ; but
he dying \vithout issue, hus uncle Thomas is served heir to him. Richard's sistea,
Helen Rutherford, with her husband, John Forman of Devon, nephew to Andrew
Fonnan, Bishop of Murray, afterwards of St Andrews, reduced Thomas's ser-
vice to his nephew Richard ; Helen died without issue, having had several hus-
bands. Her sister Katharine was married to James Stewart of Traquair, son to the
Earl of Buchan, ancestor to the Earl of Traquair; upon which account the fa-
mily has been in use to marshal the arms of Rutherford with their own. Katha-
rine's grandson, Sir William Stewart of Traquair, caused serve himself heir to his
grandmother's sister Helen, and got the lands of Rutherford and Well, but the
barony of Edgtrston went to the heirs-male, the son of the above Thomas ; from
whom was lineally descended John Rutherford of Edgerston, who caused his arms,
as the principal bearing of the name of Rutherford, to be recorded in the Lyon
Register 1668, viz. argent, an orle gules, and in chief, three martlets sable ; crest,
a martlet sable ; with the motto, Nee sorte nee fato. He left behind him two sons,
Andrew Rutherford of Edgerston, who died without lawful issue, April 1718, and
Thomas Ruth^ilord of Well, who succeeded his brother, and is now designed
Rutherford of that Ilk. He married Susanna, daughter and heiress of Waiter Riddel
of Minto, and his spouse Katharine Nisbet, sister to Sir John Nisbet of Dirleton.

RUTHEKFOK.D of Huntliill and Chatto, a younger son of Rutherford of that Ilk,
as early as the reign of King James I. got the lands of Chatto from the Earl of
Douglas in the year 1424; and carried for arms, as in the Lyon Register, or, three
passion-nails, within an orle gules, and in chief, three martlets sable , till the fami-
ly was advanced to the dignity of a lord, by the title of Lord RUTHERFORD ; the
foundation of which honour was laid by a younger son of a cadet of this family,
Lieutenant-General Andrew Rutherford.

He was the son of WILLIAM RUTHERFORD of Quarryhole, by Isabel his wife,
daughter of James Stewart of Traquair. He entered young into a military em-
ployment in the French service, and, for his valour and conduct, having passed
through many degrees of military honour, came at last to that of a Lieutenant-
General in France : He came over to England with a singular reputation, upon
the restoration of King Charles II. who honoured him with the title of Lord RU-
THERFORD, by letters patent of the date the ipth of January 1661; which honours
were to descend, not only to the heirs of his body, but even to whomsoever he
should be pleased to name. His majesty made him Governor of Dunkirk, and,
after the sale of that important place, he was dignified with the title of Earl of
TEVIOT, and the heirs of his body, the second of February 1662 ; and shortly
thereafter got the command of Tangier, where his Lordship died the 3d of May
1664. He carried for arms, fig. 8. argent, an orle gules, and in chief three mart-
lets sable, all within a bordure azure, charged with thistles, roses, flower-de-luces,
and harps, alternately or ; and for crest, a mermaid holding a mirror in her right
hand, and a comb in her left, all proper ; with the motto, Per mare, per terras ;
and, in place of it, sometimes the word pi -ovide ; supporters, two horses, proper.

The Lord RUTHERFORD having no issue, by his own destination the honour fell
to Sir Thomas Rutherford of Hunthill. He, dying without issue 1668, was suc-
ceeded in that title of honour by his brother Archibald Lord Rutherford ; who
likewise dying without issue 1685, the peerage and arms fell to his younger bro-
ther Robert, now Lord Rutherford, who has made over his estate, title and arms,
by disposition, with a procuratory of resignation, in favours of Thomas Rutherford
of that Ilk, chief of the name ; and he claims, in right thereof, and in that of
his lady beforementioned, to carry, quarterly, first and fourth argent, a cheveron
ingrailed gules, betwixt three ears of rye slipped and bladed vert ; for Riddel of
Minto, second and third argent, on a cheveron gules, betwixt three boars' heads
erased sable, as many cinquefoils of the field, and in the middle chief point, a
thistle, proper, for Nisbet of Dirleton ; and over all, by way of surtout, the prin-,
cipal coat of Rutherford ; and, to have them adorned with the exterior ornaments
crest, motto, and supporters of the Lord Rutherford. Which not being approven
as yet by authority, I have only caused engrave the arms of his father in the Plate
of Achievements, as they stand matriculated in the Lyon Register,

OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES.

RUTHERFORD of Hundelee, argent, an orle gules, voided or ; and in chief, three
martlets sable, as by Sir George Mackenzie ; and which are so illuminated in the
house of Falahall. The first of this family was Nicol Rutherford, who was a
brother's son of James Rutherford of that Ilk, and immediate elder brother to
Robert Rutherford of Hunthill and Chatto, in the reign of King James I. of Scot-
land. The family of Hundelee continued in a male descent till of late that it
ended in an heir female, that was' married to Sir James Ker of Crailing.

ROBERT RUTHERFORD of Fernilee, as descended of Hundelee, carries the same ;
and for crest, a horse-head and neck : motto, Sedulus & audax. Lyon Register,
and in the Plate of Achievements.

GEORGE RUTHERFORD of Fairnington, descended of Rutherford of that Ilk,
argent, an orle ingrailed gules, and in chief, three martlets sable ; crest, a martlet
sable : motto, Amico fidus ad aras. Lyon Register.

The surname of KNOX carries an orle, as in our old Books of Blazons. Severals of
this name are to be found witnesses in the reigns of Alexander II. and III. in the
charters to the Abbacy of Paisley ; the principal family of this name was Kivax of
that Ilk, frequently designed of Ranfurly, and Craigends, (for which see Crawfurd's
History of Renfrew) ; they carried gules, a falcon volant or, within an orle invect-
ed on the outer side argent. Font's Manuscript.

In our public records there is a charter of confirmation of King James III. oi:
a- resignation of the barony of Ranfurly and Grief-castle, by John Knox of Craig-
end, in favour of Uchter Knox, about the year 1474. This family failed in the
person of Uchter Knox of Ranfurly, who had but one daughter : He sold the estate
of Ranfurly 166^, to William first Earl of Dundonald; of this family several emi-
nent persons in the Church descended, as the famous Mr John Knox, an eminent
instrument in our Reformation from Popery ; and Mr Andrew Knox, a younger
son of John Knox of Ranfurly, (and grand-uncle to Uchter Knox the last of the
family) who was minister at Paisley, and, for his learning and piety, was promoted
to the bishopric of the Isles, 1606 ; and in the year 1622,, he was translated to the
Episcopal See of Rapho, in the kingdom of Ireland ; and his son, Mr Thomas
Knox, a person of considerable learning and piety, was bishop of the Isles. As
for the Achievement of Knox of Ranfurly, see it cut in the Plate of Achieve-
ments, at the desire and expence of John Knox, Apothecary in Strathaven.

THOMAS KNOX, Esq. in the kingdom of Ireland, lawful son to Thomas Knox,
descended of the family of Ranfurly, in the kingdom of Scotland, so recorded in
the Lyon Register, with his armorial bearing gules, a falcon volant, within an orle
waved on the outer side, and ingrailed on the inner side, argent ; crest, a falcon
perching, proper : motto, Moveo $3 proficior.

The surname of NORJE, parted per pale, argent and sable , an orle ingrailed on
both sides, and charged with four quarter-foils within a bordure, all counter-
changed of the same. Pont's Manuscript.

The orle, as I have said, being an inner bordure, is often surrounded with an
outer bordure, as by the surname of Renton.

The RENTONS of Billie in the Merse have charters of these lands, in the reign
of Alexander 111. from the Dunbars Earls of March, whose vassals and followers
they were, and as such, have carried arms in imitation of their patrons, but of
different tinctures, viz. azure, a lion rampant argent, within an orle ingrailed on
the inner side, and a bordure of the last, Plate VIII. fig. 9. Sir James Balfour
blazons them azure, a lion rampant, within a bordure ingrailed argent, and voided
of the field, which is the same with the former; Workman, in his Blazons, says,
argent, a lion rampant azure, charged on the shoulder with a buckle or, within a
double bordure of the second.

When more than one orle are carried, ,they are called double orles, triple orles,
or triple bordures ; for which see Sylvester Petra Sancta, who gives us several
Spanish bearings of this sort, and says, " Insuper alii qui habent istum tractum
" (/. e. orle) tripartitum vel quadripartitum, ut in armis episcopi coenomanensis,
" qui portavit tractum triplicem de nigro, in campo aureo ;" and the same exam-
ple Upton gives, as Mr Gibbon observes, Englished thus by Guillim ; " a certain
" Bishop of Mentz bore a triple orle sable, in a field or."

As the orle is the diminutive of the bordure, so I find it has again other dimi-
nutives, as the essonier and tressure.

OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES. 1 79

The Essonitr with the French is of a smaller tract than the orle, and after the
same lonn ; Menestrier, in his Origin of Anns, where lie gives the signification of
many armorial figures, says the csswicr represents a girdle, or an inclosurc of
ground fenced, which imports the same, as is said before of the bouluix and orle.
In his La Science de la fcubtesse, he describes the Essomer thus : Lssonier est une
espece d'orle ou ceinture, et <vient du Grec. £<£«»••, qui signifte unc enceinte, ou
cemturc.

The English call this figure a tressure, as Holmes, in his Academy of Armories ;
who brings it from the English word tract, it being only by a tract or line drawn
about the sides of the field, and ever runneth answerable to the form of the shield :
If triangular, it is triangular, if oval, it is oval ; and of whatsoever form the shield
be, the tressure is answerable thereunto; argent, a rose gules, within a treasure
sable , the bearing of Sir Josias Traleman in England. Upton says, some blazon
such a coat, argent, a tract sable; which tract must be larger than the double
tressure, of which immediately.

When figures are situate in a field, after the position of the orle, or circular-
ways, they are said to be in orle, or orle-ways ; by the French ranges en orle, and
by the Latins, ml oram scuti posita. As for example, the arms of the MEDICIS,
great Dukes of Florence, thus blazoned by Monsieur Baron ; d'or a cinque torteaux
dc gueules ranges en orle, en chef une torteaux d'azur, charge de trois fleurs de Us,
d'or, i. e. or, five torteauxes in orle gules, and one in chief azure, charged with
three flower-de-luces of the first.

ARBUTHNOT of Fiddes, Plate VIII. fig. 10. carries the arms of Arbuthnot of
that Ilk, viz. azure, a crescent between three stars, within an orle of eight frases
of the last, as being descended of a younger son of Arbuthnot of that Ilk, and his
lady, Dame Margaret Fraser, daughter to the Lord Lovat. New Register.

GLADSTANES of that Ilk, Plate VIII. fig. n. argent, a savage's head couped, dis-
tilling drops of blood, and thereupon a bonnet, composed of bay and holly leaves,
all proper; within an orle of eight martlets sable ; crest, a griffin issuing out of a
wreath, holding a sword in its right talon, proper : motto, fide i£ virtute. Lyon
Register. ,

GLAUSTANES of Whitelaw carries the same, within a bordure invected gules.

KEITH Earl of KJNTORE, for his coat of augmentation, gules, a sceptre and sword
saltier-ways, with an imperial crown in chief; all within an orle of eight
thistles or.

OF THE TRESSURE.

THE Tressure or Trescbur, as the French write, is the diminutive of the orle :
Menestrier says, " Treschur est une tresse ou orle fleuri, conduite dans le sens de
1'ecu ;" so that it is a trace or tract flowered, surrounding the inner part of the
escutcheon, as an orle. The Latins call it trica or tractus simplex, when a single
tressure ; which Sylvanus Morgan gives, in his Heraldry, in the bearing of the
name of Hubblethor in Yorkshire, sable, a mascle within a tressure flory, argent.
Sir George Mackenzie will have it to represent, in arms, the traces of silver or gold
lace which adorned surcoats, or coats of arms of old.

When there are two of these tracts flowered and counter-flowered within and
without, as these in the Royal Ensign of Scotland, it is called a double tressure;
by the Latins, tractatus duplex, scutum circum circa interne percingens ; and Cam
den, limbus duplex, which is well, if he had added, a latere scuti disjunctus, to dis-
tinguish it from limbus, a bordure : Sylvester Petra Sifncta, speaking of it, says,
" Celebris est duplaris limbus quern paralelce lines duae ac simul florentes descri-
" bunt in Tesseris Regum Scotorum."

The Imperial Arms of Scotland are, or, a lion rampant gules, armed and langued
azure, within a double tressure, flowered and counter-flowered, with flower-de-luces
of the second, Plate VIII. fig. 12. Menestrier thus, " Ecosse d'or, au Icon de
" gueules en close dans une double treschur flenari et contre-fleuri de meme ;"
and the German LmhorT, " Tessera Scotici Regni representat leonem rubeum lin-
" gua &• falculis cosruleis, limbo geminato cocciueo utrinque liliis stipato inclusum."

i8o OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES.

This armorial figure has been of old used in the royal ensigns of the Kings of
Scotland, to perpetuate the ancient and memorable league betwixt them and the
Kings of France.

It has been communicated by our Kings, (as I observe) first to their children,
and afterwards to their eminent subjects : As for instance of the first, David Earl
of Huntingdon, brother to King William, carried in his arms a double tressure ;
and the English herald, Mr Miles, tells us, that Maud, the sister of King William,
who was married to Henry I. of England, had, for her arms, the Lion of Scotland
within the double tressure.

By our ancient and modern practice, the double tressure is not allowed to be
carried by any subject, without a special warrant from the sovereign, and that in
these two cases : First, to those who were descended of daughters of the Royal
Family ; and so to them it is a tessera of a noble maternal descent, as the orle
before mentioned is to the Spaniards. And secondly, to these who have merited
well of their king and country, as a special additament of honour.

Sir ALEXANDER SEATON of that Ilk, son of Sir Christopher Seaton, and Christian
Bruce, sister to King Robert the Bruce, was the first of the noble progenitors of
the Earls of Winton who encompassed his paternal figures, the three crescents,
with the double tressure flowered and counter-flowered gules, in a field or, upon the
account of maternal descent and merit. And upon the same account, THOMAS
RANDOLPH Earl of MURRAY, as another sister's son to King^ Robert I. carried
the double tressure round his paternal figures, viz. three cushions gules, in a field
argent, as by their seals of arms, appended to charters which I have seen.

The MURRAYS, especially those of Tullibardine and Athol, upon the account of
their royal maternal descent, had the double tressure round their proper figures.
I have seen the seal of William Murray of Touchadam, constable and governor of
the castle of Stirling, progenitor of Murray of Polmaise, appended to a charter in
the year 1463, upon which seal was a triangular shield charged with three stars
within a double tressure flowered, and counter-flowered with flower-de-luces.

iWoN Earl of STRATHMORE as descended of a daughter of King Robert II. KEN-
NEDY Earl of CAKILIS, and GRAHAM of Fintry, as descended of daughters of King
Robert III. have the double tressure counter-flowered with flower-de-luces round
their armorial figures. It is true, several other considerable families with us,
though descended of the blood royal, by the mother-side, have never been in use
to carry this celebrated tressure ; as the families of Hamilton, Douglas, &-c. Others
again, merely upon the account of their special services to their king and country,
have been honoured with this figure in their arms ; as Erskine Earl of Kelly, Ramsay
Earl of Holderness, Scott of Thirlestane, and others, of whom in other places of
this Treatise.

Some again have the double tressure in their arms, and adorned with other
figures than flower-de-luces ; as Gordon Earl of Aboyne, azure, a cheveron be-
tween three boars' heads couped, all within a double tressure flowered with flower-
<le-luces within, and adorned with crescents without or. Gordon Earl of Aberdeen,
.i-zure, three boars' heads couped, within a double tressure, flowered and counter-
flowered, with thistles, roses, and flower-de-luces alternately or.

Our kings have been in use, as a singular piece of honour, to grant the tressure to
foreigners. When King James VI. knighted Jacob Van-Eiden, a Dutchman, he gave,
a concession to him, to use the double tressure in his arms, as an additament of
honour ; and to several other foreign commissioners he gave the same, as their
patents bear in the Chapel-rolls, entitled, Diversi tractatus amicitiarum tempore
Jacobi Regis ; for which see Selden's Titles of Honours. Our kings, before their
accession to the throne of England, were in use to do the same to foreigners ; amongst
Sir James Balfour, sometime Lyon King at Arms, his Collections of Old Charters and
Grants, there is one, " Charta fucta per Jacobum Quintum Regem Scotorum Ni-
•' colao Combet, in villa de Dieppe in Normania, Oriundo Gallo, constituendo &•
" creando eundum Nicolaum nobilem &• generosum, &. sic pro perpetuo in
" futurum reputandum &• tenendum, dandoque sibi duplicem Regis armorum cir-
" culum, vulgo double tressure floury contre-floury, praedicessoribus nostris per
" bonas memoriae Carolum magnum concessum." These are the words of that
charter of our king, which v/as dated at Stirling the xyth of September 1529.

OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES.

OF TH£ ESCUTCHEON, OR INESCUTCHEON.

THOUGH this figure does represent the military shield, and may be treated of
amongst the common charges, yet heralds place it amongst the lesser ordinaries, as a
proper armorial figure ; and when there is but one of them in the field, it p
the fifth middle part of it, and the rest of the field round it looks like a bordure ;
it is called escutcheon, ox inescutcbe-on, being contained within the field, as other
charges ; the French call it ecusson from ecu, and the Latins, scutulum or pannula.

DAVID Earl of HUNTINGDON in England, and GARIOCH in Scotland, brother to
King William the Lion, both grandsons to King David I. carried argent, an escut-
cheon within a double tressure flowered and counter-flowered gules : These arms I
have given in taillc-douce on the first Plate in my Essay of the Ancient and Mo-
dern Use of Armories. Sir John Feme, in his Lacie's Nohili-ty, says, he took the-
field argent, in place of or, the field of Scotland, because it was the field of arms of
his grandmother Maud, daughter of Waltheof Earl of Northumberland and Hun-
tingdon, (who carried argent, a lion salient azvrct and a chief gules') to show his
descent that way, and retained the double tressure to show his descent from the
royal blood of Scotland ; and the escutcheon, says our author, did represent him,
as the shield of his country in his brother the king's absence, and his valour when
he was abroad with his countrymen in the Holy War ; it was not the practice in
his time, as I have shown elsewhere, for the younger sons of sovereigns to carry
the entire imperial ensigns of their fathers, as they are now in use to do, with
minute differences, but to take only a part of them, and to join them, with other
figures, that they may be more eminently distinguished from the sovereign ensigns,
which were always looked upon to be sacred.

Earl David married Maud, eldest daughter and heir of Hugh Kivilioc Earl of
Chester, sister and heir to Randolph Earl of Chester, by whom he had John and
three daughters : His son John, surnamed Scott, though he was of the royal family
of Scotland, he did not carry the entire arms of that kingdom, but a part of them,
viz. argent, three garbs within a double tressure flowered and counter-flowered
^ules ; he had the garbs, the figures of Chester, in place of his father's escutcheon •
Ho died without issue 1237, and his sister's issue became die heirs of the crown of
Scotland.

I gave before the arms of Maule Earl of Panmure, with a bordure, as they are
now in use to be blazoned ; but, meeting with a remnant of an old Book of
Blazons, I found them otherwise blazoned, which I could not pass by here without
giving it, viz. parted per pale, gules and argent, an escutcheon within an orlc of
eight escalops, all counter-changed ; which blazon is more agreeable and suitable
to the family, being the chief and principal one of the naae, than a bordure,
charged and counter-changed ; but more of this family at the title of Escalop.

Fig. 13, M' NAUGHT of Kilquharity, sable, an escutcheon cheque, argent and
azure, between three lions' heads erased of the second, langued gules. Pont's Ma -
nuscript.

GEDDES of Radian, descended of Ceddes of that Ilk, now extinct, gules, an in
escutcheon argent, between three pikes or ged-heads, couped or. Pont'o Manu-
script.

The surname of HAY, argent, three escutcheons gules, two and one. Syh'
Petra Sancta, in his 66th chap. De Scutulis Insitltiis, says, " Tria ^:utula punicia
" in laterculo argenti metalli sunt Abbevilleorum i«. Gallia, Haionnn in Scotia &.
" Rebeau preorum iterum in Gallia." Those of the Hays are lammi-i all F.urnp-
over, upon the account of their rise, which our historians generally l:uvv givrn of tiif
name and arms ; who tell us, that in the reigti of King Kenneth III. about the y
980, when the Danes invaded Scotland, and prevailing in the battle of Loncartv.
a country Scotsman, with his two sons, of gre.it strength and courage, having rural
weapons, as the yokes of their plough, and sucli plough furniture, stopped th •
Scots in their flight in a certain defile, and, upbraiding them of cowardice, obliged
them to rally, who with them renewed the battle, and gave a total overthrow to
the victorious Danes : And it is said by some, after the victory was obtained, tlje
old man lying on the ground, wounded and fatigued, cryed Hay, Hay ; which word.

Z T.

1 82 OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES.

became a surname to his posterity : He and his sons being nobilitate, the king
gave him the foresaid arms, to intimate that the father and the two sons had been
luckily the three shields of Scotland ; and gave them as much land in the Carse
of Gowry as a falcon did fly over without lighting, which having flown a great way,
she lighted on a stone, there called the falcomstone to this day : The circum-
stances of which story is not only perpetuate by the three escutcheons, but by the
exterior ornaments of the achievement of the family of Errol ; having, for crest,
on a wreath a falcon, proper ; for supporters, two men in country habits, holding the
oxen yokes of a plough over their shoulders, (sometimes they are represented as sa-
vages wreathed about the head and middle with laurel, holding yokes of a plough in
their hands) ; and for motto, Serva jugu'm. As for the antiquity of the name, it
is as early to be found in our records as any other. There are severals of that
name mentioned in the charters of King Malcolm IV. to the abbacies of Scoon
and Cupar, amongst whom is Willielmus de Haia de Errol, who was succeeded by
his son David de Haia, father of another William de Haia, 1305. Gilbertus de
Haia Dominus de Errol (Dalrymple's Collections, page 75.) was, for his good ser-
vices to King Robert the Bruce, made Lord High Constable of Scotland, and his
heirs for ever ; as by that charter i2th November 1315. And, in a charter of
confirmation of that king's (Haddington's Collections, page 66.) of the charter of
Eva Kelor to Robert Harkars Miles, of the date the 1 8th year of King Robert's
reign, among the witnesses, .is Gilbertus de Haia, Constabularies Scotite, of whom
was descended William de Haia Lord Errol, Constable of Scotland, who was, by
King James II. created Earl of Errol, the iyth of March 1452, and from him
Charles the late Earl of Errol, High Constable. For a more full genealogical ac-
count of this noble family, see Mr Crawfurd's Peerage of Scotland.

The next eminent family of the name was HAY of Locharret, after designed
of Tester, now of Tweeddale, who carries the same arms as Errol, marshalled with
others.

The first of this family was John Hay, son of William Hay, and brother of
William Hay of Errol, in the reign of King William the Lion ; which Mr Craw-
furd vouches in his Peerage. It seems he came from the north to the Lothians,
and married the daughter and heir of Robert de Lyn, and got with her the barony
of Locharret. Their son and successor was William Hay of Locharret ; for, in the
Register of Newbattle, is to be found a charter to that abbacy by Willielmus de
Haya,JUius Joannis de Hay a, miles & dominus de Locbus-we rivord, giving the liberty
of a moss called Uulnestrocher, to the monks of that abbacy, which Robert de Lyn,
the son of David, quondam domini de Locerworna, & ipsius Pater, illi dedit. See
Sir James Dalrymple's Collections, Preface, p. 76. William was succeeded by his
son Sir William Hay of Locharret, father of Hugh Hay of Locharret, who married
a sister of King Robert the Bruce, and widow of Laurence Lord Abernethy, and
with her had a son, Gilbert, as by the genealogical account of the family.

Sir GILBERT HAY of Locharret married Mary, one of the daughters and co-
heiress of Sir Simon Fraser Lord of Oliver-Castle, with whom he got a good estate
in Tweeddale ; upon which account the family has been in use to marshal with
their own the arms of Fraser of Oliver-Castle, of old; being azure, five cinquefoils
argent, two, one and two, though now there are but three used, two and one. Their
son, Sir Thomas, father of Sir William Hay of Locharret, was taken prisoner at
the battle of Durham.

Another Sir WILLIAM HAY of Locharret was employed in divers embassies, in the
reign of Robert III. And, during the regency of the Duke of Albany, (Rymerrs
Fadera Angl'id) he married Jean, the eldest of the four daughters and coheiress of
John Gifford Lord Yester, and got with her the lands of Yester, upon which ac-
count the family has also been in use to marshal the arms of Gifford ; with her he
had four sons, Sir William, Thomas, David, and Edmund, the first laird of Lin-
plum and Morham ; of whom were descended the Hays of Bara in the North.

Sir William died without issue, and was succeeded by his brother Thomas, who
was one of the hostages for the ransom of King James I. and was designed Dominus de
Tester, (Rymer's Fader a Angli&ad annum 1423,) who died also without issue, and.
was succeeded by

OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES.

Sir David Lord Yester, his brother, anno 1434. I have seen an instrument un-
der the hands of Alexander Clark, Notary, of the date 8th February 1445, men-
tioning that Nobilis Dominus David Hay, miles, Dominus de Tester, recognosced
some lands in Duncanlaw, because Edmund Hay, tenant thereof, had sold th<-
same without his consent. He was succeeded by his son,

John, second Lord Yester, father of John, third Lord Yester, father of John,
fourth Lord Yester, who married Elizabeth Douglas, daughter of George, Master
of Angus, son of Archibald Earl of Angus, by whom he had John, his son and
heir, and a daughter, Elizabeth, married first to George Lord Seaton, and again to
William Lord Salton. He married a second wife, a daughter and co-heir of John
Dickson of Smithtield, of whom were descended the Hays of Smithfield.

John, fifth Lord Yester, was taken prisoner at the battle of Pinkie, and car-
ried prisoner to the Tower of London, where he continued till the pacification was
concluded betwixt the two nations. He was succeeded by his son William Lord
Yester, a zealous reformer, who married Margaret Ker daughter of Fernihirst,
by whom he had William and James, successively Lords of Yester, and three
daughters, Margaret married to William Lord Borthwick, Katharine to Sir John
Swinton of that Ilk, to whom she bare but one daughter, Katharine Swinton, who
was married to Sir Alexander Nisbet of that Ilk, grandfather and grandmother to
the author of this System of Heraldry ; the third daughter Jean was married to
Mr James Hay of Bara.

William, seventh Lord Yester, departed this life 1591, having no issue-male,
but daughters ; whose estate and honours devolved on his brother James, eight
Lord Yester, who married Margaret, daughter of Mark first Earl of Lothian ; she
bare to him John his successor, and Sir William Hay of Linplum.

John, ninth Lord Yester, was, by King Charles I. advanced to the degree and
dignity of an Earl by the title of Tweeddale, ist December 1646. He marned, first,
Jean, daughter of Alexander Seaton, Earl of Dunfermline, and by her had only
one son, John, his successor, Secondly, Margaret, daughter of Alexander Earl of
Eglinton, by whom he had William Hay of Drumelzier.

John, second Earl of Tweeddale, was raised to the dignity of Marquis of Tweed-
die, by letters patent 26th December 1694. He married Jean Scot, daughter of
Walter Earl of Buccleugh, by whom he had John his successor, Lord David, and
Lord Alexander Hays, Lady Margaret married to Robert Earl of Roxburgh, and
Lady Jean married to William first Earl of March.

John succeeded his father, and was second Marquis of Tweeddale. He married
Anne, only daughter to John Duke of Lauderdale, by whom he had Charles his
successor, and John Hay Brigadier General, and two daughters, Anne married ta
William Lord Ross, and Jean to John Earl of Rothes.

Charles, third Marquis of Tweeddale ; he died I5th December 1715, leaving is-
sue by the Lady Susannah, daughter of William and Anne Duke and Dutchess of
Hamilton, widow of John Earl of Dundonald, John the present Marquis of Tweed-
dale, Lord James, Lord Charles, Lord George, and three daughters.

The armorial achievement of this ancient and noble family, is, quarterly, first
and fourth azure, three cinquefoils argent, for Fraser : second and third gules,
three bars ermine, for Gifford of Yester ; and over all, by way of surtout, the pa-
ternate coat of Hay, viz. argent, three inescutcheons gules, second and first ; crest,
a goat's head erased argent, horned or ; supporters, two bucks, proper, armed or,
and collared azure, charged with three cinquefoils argent : and for motto, Spare
naught.

JAMES HAY Earl of Carlisle in England, son of Sir James Hay of Kinga-k,
younger son of Hay of Megginch, carried the principal coat of Hay, viz. argent,
three inescutcheons gules ; by the German Imhoff blazoned, parmulas tres rubeas
solo argenteo impressas : He was the first Scotsman, after the union of Scotland and
England in the person of King James VI. that was dignified with English titles
of honour ; first with the title of Lord Hay of Sawley, in the county of York, anno
1615 ; anno 1618, with the title of Viscount of Doncaster r And anno 1622, Earl
of Carlisle by the said King, whose ambassador he was once to the Emperor's
Court, and twice to France : He was also a Knight of the Most Noble Order of
the Carter^ and a gentleman of the Bed Chamber to King Charles I. He died at

Z84 OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES.

Whitehall the 25th of April 1636, and was interred in St Paul's Cathedral, leaving
only behind him a son, who married Margaret, a third daughter of Francis Earl of
Bedford, and. died without issue 1660.

HAY Earl of KINNOUL, quarterly, first and fourth azure, an unicorn effraye argent,
horned, maned, and unguled or, within a bordure of the test, charged with eight
half thistles vert, and as many half roses gules, conjoined pale-ways for a coat of
augmentation ; second and third the arms of Hay as before ; crest, a hawk, proper,
armed and belled or, perching upon the stock of a tree, with branches growing up
before and behind : with the motto, Speravi in Domino. Supporters, two hawks,,
proper, armed and belled or. The first of this noble family was George, a son of
Hay of Meggins of the family of Errol (who carried the arms of Hay with an
acorn between three escutcheons.) He was, in the year 1616, Clerk Register, and
rhen Chancellor of Scotland, after the death of Seaton Earl of Dunfermline 1622.;
and was advanced to the dignity of Viscount of Duplin, Lord Hay of Kinfauns, by
King Charles I. the 4th May 1627, and afterwards honoured with the title of Earl
of Kinnoul : He was succeeded by his son George Earl of Kinnoul, and he by his
son William Earl of Kinnoul, father of Earl George, who died in Hungary 1687,
and Earl William a bachelor, who died in France, loth May 1709; so that the
honours devolved on Thomas Viscount of Duplin, who carried the arms of Hay
within a bordure ermine : He was the son and heir of Thomas Hay of Balhousie,
by his wife, a daughter of Sir Thomas Nicolson of Carnock, son of Mr Francis
Hay of Balhousie, by Margaret, daughter of James Oliphant of Bachilton, son of
Thomas Hay, brother to George the first Earl of Kinnoul. So that Thomas Vis-
count of Duplin, as the next heir-male, was Earl of Kinnoul, and sat in Parlia-
ment in that Dignity 1713, being elected one of the sixteen Peers from Scotland,
and carried the achievement of the first Earl of Kinnoul, as above blazoned : He
married /Elizabeth Drummond, daughter to William Viscount of Strathallan, by.
whom he had two sons and two daughters ; he died 1719, and is succeeded by his
eldest son George Earl of Kinnoul in Scotland, being before made a Peer of Great
Britain, by the title of Lord Hay of Berwarden, the 3ist of December 1712 : He
married Elizabeth Harley, eldest daughter of Robert Earl of Oxford.

HAY of Park, sometime designed of Lochloy, an ancient family of the name,
argent, three escutcheons within a bordure gules ; crest, the yoke of a plough
erect in pale or, with two bows gules: motto, Servo, jugum subjugo. As in the
Lyon Register, with the following blasons.

FRANCIS HAY of Strorrzie, descended of Hay of Park ; the same with. Park, hav-
ing the bordure charged with eight crescents of the field.

HAY of Woodcockdale, descended of the family of Park or Lochloy, argent, a
fesse between three escutcheons, all within a bordure gules; crest, a demi-arm, pro-
per, holding an oxen yoke with bows gules : motto, Hinc incrementum.

HAY of Carruber, a brother of Woodcockdale, the same ; but waves the fesse
for his difference.

HAY of Balhousie, descended of Meggins, the arms of Hay, within a bordure
ermine ; crest, a demi-man ha-ving a blue cap on his head, and holding over his
shoulder the yoke of a plough gules : motto, Renovate animos.

HAY of Fitfour, descended of the family of Errol, argent, three escutcheons
within a bordure cheque of the second and first.

HAY of Dalgety, descended of Errol, argent, a cinquefoil between three inescut-
tt/fj-; as in Workman's Illuminated Book, and in the house of Falahall;
but some books give a fesse between the three escutcheons.

JOHN HAY of Cardenie, sometime one of the Under Clerks of the Session, des-
cended of Dalgetty, makes the fesse waved ; crest, an ox-yoke erect in pale, with
bovrsgvJef: motto, Hinc honor 13 opes. L. R.

Sir JAMES HA*- of Linpkun, Knight and Baronet, eldest son of Sir William
Hay of Linplum, second son of James Lord Yester, and brother to John first Earl
of Tweeddale, carries that Earl's quartered coat, all within a bordure argent; crest,
a goat's head erased argent, horned or, and charged with a crescent azure ; sup-
ported by two stags argent : motto, Malttm bono vince. L. R.

Mr JOHN HA.Y of Hayston, sometime one of the Principal Clerks of the Session,
descended of Tweeddale, the quartered coat of that family within a bordure vert,

OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES. 185

charged with unicorns' heads couped, and stars, alternately, argent ; crest, an ox-
yoke in bend or, with bows gules : motto, Pro pair in. Lyon Register.

ALEXANDER HAY of Muntan, the arms of Hay within a bordure ingrailed azure,
seme of cinquefoils of the first.

Mr ANDREW HAY of Craignethan, descended of the family of T \veeddale, cur
ries, quarterly, first Fraser ; second Gifibrd ; third vert ; three unicorns' head .
erased argent, for Ker ; fourth as the first ; over all a shield of pretence, the ui
of Hay.

HAY of Seafield, descended of Hay of Fudy, argent, a cheveron betwixt threr
escutcheons gules.

HAY of Leys, a second son of Errol, ermine, three escutcheons gules.

HAY of Muchals, the first of this family was a second son of George Earl of
Errol, and his spouse Margaret, daughter to Robertson of Struan, argent, a mul-
let between three escutcheons.

HAY of Auchencoy, argent, three escutcheons within a bordure ingrailed gules.

HAY of Earnhill, sometime Minister at Cnimmond, the arms of Hay within a
bordure ingrailed gules, with a star in chief. L. R.

HAY of Broxmouth, argent, three escutcheons vert. This estate went long
since off with an heiress who was married to a gentleman of the name of Home,
of whom was descended Home Earl of Dunbar, and Home of Eccles, who quar-
tered these arms with their own, of whom afterwards.

HENRY HAY, Merchant in Leith, argent, three escutcheons gules, each charged
with a garb or, banded of the second; crest, an ox-head couped, proper; motto,
Nee abest jugum. Lyon Register.

MONCUR of that Ilk, argent, a rose gules, and, on a chief of the last, three
escutcheons of the first. Workman's Manuscript.

In the charters of Robert I. and David the Bruce, I have met with this name of
Moncur ; and in the reign of Robert III. Andreas Moiicur de eodsm is a \vir
ness in a charter of Rait of Halgreen ; other books give to Moncur of that Ilk,
argent, a fesse between three escalops gules.

Fig. 15. The surname of SHIELDS, gules, on a bend ingrailed or, three escutcheons
az:tre, being shields, they are relative to the name. W. Manuscript.

The surname of CROOKS or CRUCK.S, gules, on a bend or, three escutcheons sable ,
Ibid.

CECIL Earl of EXETER, and Baron of Burleigh, barry of ten pieces argent
and azure, over all, six escutcheons sable, 3, .2, and i, each charged with a
lion rampant of the first. William Cecil, descended of the Cecils in Lincoln-
shire, was a great favourite of Queen Elizabeth's, who honoured him with the title
of Lord Burleigh, and constituted him Lord Treasurer ; his son Thomas was, by
King James I. of Great Britain, by letters patent, created Earl of Exeter, which is
observed to be the first precedent whereby any man was advanced to the title of
Earl of the principal city, when another had the dignity of the country. Charles
Blunt being then Earl of Devonshire, his younger brother, Robert Cecil was, by
the same king, about the same time created Lord CECIL of Essenden, Viscount Cran-
burn, being the first of that degree that wore a coronet. He was soon after made
Earl of Salisbury, Lord Treasurer, Knight of the Garter, and Chancellor of the
University of Cambridge, and carried as his brother, Exeter, with a crescent for
difference.

The name of LOUDHAME, in England, argent, three escutcheons sable.

To end with the escutcheon, in its various disposition in a coat of arms, I shall
only give the ensign of the King of Portugal, which is argent, five escutcheon
azure, placed cross-ways, each charged with as many besants of the first in saltier,
and pointed sable (the arms of Portugal) all within a bordure gules, charged with
seven towers or, 3 in chief, 2 in flanks, and as many in base. Which Blazon
is thus latined by Julius Chiffletiits, " In scuto argenteo quina scutula coerulea, in
" crucis modum collocata, quodlibet quinque nummis bysantiis argenteis, puncto
" nigro impressis, &- in decussim depositis in ustum, limbus scuti coccineus sep-
" tern castellis aureis inscriptis." The historical account of these arms, is, thau
the first King of Portugal, Alphonso Henriquez, great-grandchild to Hugh Capet
of France, overcame five Moorish kings at the battle of Ourique, anno 1134;

x86 OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES.

who, in memory thereof, took, for armorial figures, five shields or escutcheons,
which he placed in cross, and charged each of them with five besants in saltier,
to represent the five victories. Some say, they represent the five wounds our Sa-
viour received on the cross, and Alphonsus III. King of Portugal, did since add
the bordure with castles, upon the account that his Queen was daughter of Al-
phonsus, King of Castile, and with her got the kingdom of Algarve, in the year
1278.

OF THE QUARTER, OR FRANC QUARTIER.

I DO not here mean such quarters as necessarily fall out by the partition lines
parti and coupe, in a quartered bearing, where several coats of arms are marshalled in
one shield ; but a square figure as a charge laid on the field, being formed (as
Guillim in his Display) by two lines, the one drawn from the side of the shield in
traverse to the centre, and the other perpendicularly from the chief, to meet it in
the same place. He shows us the figure which he describes, but does not tell us
by whom carried. Sylvester Petra Sancta gives us the arms of JOHN ARSIE of
Arces, Cardinal of the Empire, azure, a quarter or ; which he thus blazons. Au-
reus tetrans, in solo scuti cceruleo ; others latin it, quadra, or quadrans. Menes-
trier says, " Quartier est une des quatre parties de 1'ecu ecartejie, ou en banniere,
" ou en sautoir, il fait seul une des parties honorables, et on le nomme franc quar-
" tier ;" he gives us, for instance, the bearing of LAMEIGNON in France, lozenge
d'azur et d? argent, au franc quartier (Pennine, i. e. lozenge azure and argent, a
free quarter ermine.

This quarter, says Gerard Leigh, is given to none under the degree of a Lord
Baron ; but his countryman Guillim says, it may be granted to those of a lesser
nobility. I observe among all the figures we are treating of, it is never, or at
least seldom used in Britain ; upon what account I know not, except that, when a
field is plain, and no figures on it but a franc quartier, charged with the paternal
figures, according to some writers, it was anciently a sign of illegitimation before
the bastard-bar came in use ; as that learned anonymous author of the Observa-
tiones EugenealogiccE, cap. 19. lib. 2. " Erat &- olim manifestum naturalitatis &• ille-
" gitimorum naturalium indicium, s« quis in primo scuti quadrante paterna ges-
" taret insignia, reliqua parte scuti vacua relicta, postea vero naturales barram
" assumpsere."

In all the books of Blazon in Britain I have perused, I never met with a. franc
quartier but one, in Mr Thomas Crawfurd, his Manuscript of Heraldry, which he
ascribes to Sir PATRICK HAMILTON, whom he calls brother to James, first of that
name, Earl of ARRAN ; who carried gules, three cinquefoils argent, a. franc quartier
or, charged with a sword fesse-ways azure. Plate VIII. fig. 17. This Sir Patrick
is not only famous in our printed Histories, but in Manuscript, as in that of LIND-
SAY of Pitscottie, for his strength and valour in Tournaments, where he did great
feats in the reign of King James IV. of whom afterwards. I have given the quar-
ter, absconding the cinquefoil in the dexter chief points, as all such cantons do
of super-charges.

OF THE CANTON.

THIS is a square figure, less than the quarter, and possesses only the third part of
the chief, as Sylvester Petra Sancta : " Aliquando aream angulus minor tetrante,
" & qui solum continet partem tertiam scutariae? coronidis :" Here he latins the
canton angulus, but Uredus more distinctly calls it angulus quadratus, because it
is placed on the upper corners of the shield, which distinguishes it from a delph,
which is a rebatement to him that revokes his challenge, being a square figure aK.
ways placed in the centre of the shield. Others use the words quadrans or quadra
: jfor a canton. The French call it a franc canton, to distinguish it from these can-
tons or areas of the field, which necessarily fall out when the field is charged with
a cross or saltier, as Menestrier : " Canton est une partie quarre'e de 1'ecu, un pen

OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES. 187

" plus petite que le quartier, les espaces que laissant les croix &. les sautoirs sont
" aussi noinmc's canton"

The canton is a square figure, an adclitament of honour, worthy to be used by
all degrees of nobility, as our English and others tell us.

Gerard Leigh, as 1 observed before, says, that the franc quartier should be given
to the high nobility, and the canton to the lesser nobility, knights, esquires, and
gentlemen, but upon what account he says so 1 know not ; neither does his own
countrymen follow his opinion. In the year 1287, John Duke of BRETAGNE, in
France, carried cheque, or and azure, abordure gules, (being the arms of the Counts
of DREUX, of which family he was descended) a canton ermine, (the arms of the
Earls and Dukes of Bretagne) fig. 18. Which arms were upon his seal appended
to a deed of his, in the reign of Henry III. of England, whose daughter he mar-
ried, with whom he had several children. Their tourth son, "Jobn de Dreux and
his descendant were Earls of Richmond, and carried the same arms with the can-
ton ; but, for difference, carried the bordure gules, with the Lions of England to
show their descent ; for which see Sanderson's Genealogical History : And Sir
John Feme, who stands up for the honour and antiquity of the canton, gives us
an older instance of its bearing in the arms of Lord ZOUCH, Baron of Ashby, in
the reign of King John of England, gules, ten besants or; who, for his merit, got
from that king, as an additament of honour, a canton ermine. Which figure, I ob-
serve to this day, has been given, especially in England, to well-deserving persons;
and as an additament of honour. It absconds the figure in the dexter chief point,
as fig.

NOEL Earl of GAINSBOROUGH, an ancient family in the county of Leicester, of
the house of NOEL of Dalby, was honoured with the dignity of a Baron, by King
James I. with the title of Lord NOEL of Ridlington ; and his grandson Edward,
who, by the favour of King Charles II. was created Earl of GAINSBOROUGH, car-
ried or, fretty gules, a canton ermine.

SHIRLEY Earl of FERRERS, descended of a knightly family, of which was Sir
HENRY SHIRLEY of Stanton, who married Dorothy, sister and co-heir to Robert
Earl of ESSEX; from which marriage these of the family, descended of her, have,
and do still quarter the royal arms of England, as being descended from Anne
Plantagenet, eldest daughter to THOMAS of WOODSTOCK, Duke of GLOUCESTER,
sister, and one of the co-heirs to HUMPHRY PLANTAGENET, Earl of BUCKINGHAM ;
Sir ROBERT SHIRLEY, one of the descendants of this family, was honoured by King-
Charles II. with the title of Lord FERRERS of Chartley, anno 1677, and was ad-
vanced afterwards to the dignity of Earl of FERRERS, and Viscount TAMWORTH,
in the year 1711. The paternal coat of which family is paly of six, or and
azure, a canton ermine.

Sir STEPHEN Fox, a loyal gentleman, and follower of King Charles II. in his ex-
ile, carried ermine, a cheveron azure, charged with three fox-heads erased or ; and
got for an additament of honour, a* canton of the second, charged with a flower-
de-luce of the last. And such another canton, by way of special concession, was
granted by King James I. of Great Britain to Sir THOMAS ASHTON, viz. argent,
a rose and thistle conjoined gale-ways, all proper ; whose eldest daughter Marga-
ret, and co-heiress, was married to Sir GILBERT HOUGHTON, great-grandfather to
Sir HENRY HOUGHTON of Houghtontower in Lancashire, the present Baronet, now
third of England ; who carries sable, three bars argent, and the canton above-
mentioned, and by way of surtout, the badge of an English baronet ; crest, a
white bull passant : motto, Malgre le tort, and supported with two white bulls, as
in Plate of Achievements.

In Scotland, MURRAY Earl of ANNANDALE, azure , carried three stars with a cres-
cent in the centre ; all within a double tressure flowered and counter-flowered or ;
and, for a farther additament of honour, had a canton of the second charged with
a thistle, ensigned with an imperial crown, proper. Plate VIII. fig. 19.

DRUMMOND of Maderty, as before, carried a canton or, charged with a 1
head erased gules.

Lieutenant-General THOMAS DALYELL of Binns, a loyal gentleman, whose pater-
nal arms were sable, a naked man, proper, was suitably honoured by a canton
argent, charged with a sword and pistol saltier-ways gules, to show his honourable
employment. And CAMPBELL of Cessnock, to show his maternal descent from.

! 8 is OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES.

CAMPBELL Earl of LOUDON, carries the Earl's arms by way of canton, of which

before.

The canton has been of old and of late frequently carried both by nobility and
gentry ; and not only used to contain armorial figures of honourable professions,
employments, and descents, but also other signs of honour granted by sovereigns
to their well deserving subjects, as by the examples above given ; to which I
shall a4d a few instances of the Blazons of the Badges of the Orders of Baronets
in England and Scotland, which are carried on a canton, or on an inescutcheon.

The Order of Baronet in England was erected by King James I. of England, for
advancing the plantation of Ulster in Ireland ; who, besides the privileges and
precedencies given to the Knights of the Order, granted to them a badge, as an
additament of honour to be carried in their arms, as that of Ulster, viz. a left
hand pame (i. e. expanded) and couped gules, in a field argent, either by way of
canton or inescutcheon, as shall best suit with the arms or please the bearer.

The Order of Baronet in Scotland was erected for advancing the navigation to
Nova Scotia in America, and for settling a colony there, to which the aid of the
Knights was designed. The Order was only introduced by King James VI. be-
fore his death; for, in his first charter of Nova Scotia 1621, there is no mention
made of the Order ; as Sir George Mackenzie has observed in his Precedency,
which see for more of this Order than what I am to speak of here. So that the
Order was erected by King Charles I. anno 1625, who by and attour the privileges
and precedencies given to the Baronets, his Majesty did declare and ordain, " That
" the Baronets, and their heirs-male, should, as an additament of honour to their
" armorial ensigns, bear, either on a canton or inescutcheon, in their option, the
" ensign of Nova Scotia, being argent, a cross of St Andrew's azure, (the badge of
" Scotland counter-changed) charged with an inescutcheon of the royal arms of
" Scotland, supported on the dexter by the royal unicorn, and on the sinister by a
" savage or wild man, proper ; and for crest, a branch of laurel, and a thistle
" issuing from two hands conjoined, the one being armed, the other naked ; with
" the motto, Munit h<ec fc? altera vincit."

The badge so trimmed with supporters, crest and motto, I have never met with
on any paintings ; neither can I conceive how it could be carried in a baronet's
shield of arms, with these exterior ornaments, either by way of inescutcheon or
canton. However, these exterior ornaments were soon taken away, for, in the year
1629, after Nova Scotia was sold to the French, his majesty was pleased to
authorise and allow the Baronets, and their heirs-male, to wear and carry about
their necks, in all time coming, an orange tenne silk ribbon, whereat hung a
scutcheon argent, a saltier azure, and thereon an inescutcheon of Scotland, with
an imperial crown above the escutcheon, and encircled with the motto, Fax mentis
honestte gloria. The wearing of which badge about the neck was never much
used, but carried by way of canton or escutcheon, in their armorial bearings, with-
out the motto, of which I have given some examples in Plate VIII. fig. 20. &-c.
by way of canton, dexter, and sinister ; as also by way of an inescutcheon. There
is this difference to be observed, when the badge of Nova Scotia is placed in a
canton, and when on an escutcheon ; in the first, the inescutcheon of Scotland is
ensigned with the imperial crown, whereas the canton cannot be ensigned by
reason of its position ; in the last, the escutcheon which contains, is ensigned with
the imperial crown, and not the inescutcheon contained.

Sir PATRICK. NISBET of Dean, Baronet, argent, a cheveron gules, betwixt three
boars' heads erased sable , with the canton of Nova Scotia. Plate VIII. fig. 20.

ARCHIBALD FLEMING of Peel and Fern, descended of a second son of the Earl of
Wigton, was made a knight-baronet by King Charles I. but his letters patent did
not pass the seals till the 25th of September 1661. He was Commissary of Glas-
gow, and married a daughter of Sir Alexander Gibson of Durie, one of the Sena-
tors of the College of Justice. He was succeeded into his honours and office by his
son Sir William; and he again by his son Sir Archibald Fleming of Peel and
Ferm, Commissary of Glasgow, who married a daughter of Sir George Hamilton
of Easter-Binning and Barnton, with whom he has issue, and carries as fig. 22.
quarterly, first and fourth or, a cheveron crenelle, within a double tressure, coun-
ter-flowered gulest for, Fleming ; second and third azure, three cinquefoils argent*

OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES

• •vtr all in the centre, by way of an escutcheon, the badge of a knight-baronet ;
crest, u palm-tree, proper : motto, Sub ponde re cresco.

Sir Wu.i.iAM HAMILTON of Barnton, late of Binning, gules, on a cheveron, accom-
panied with three cinquctoils ardent, a buckle azure, between two musclieti:res
sable, and surmounted (by way of an escutcheon) with a badge of a knight-
baronet, all within a bordure of the second, charged with eight trefoils slipped vert ;
crest, the branch of a tree, growing out from an old stock ; with tlie motto,
Through God revived. Lyon Register. The canton, as all other supervenient
charges, depresses ;ind absconds, at least pro tanto, the pre-existent figure in the
dexter chief corner, as in the bearing of Colonel Rue Innes of that Ilk, and Pringle
ol Stitchell.

Sometimes the badge of a knight-baronet, by way of a canton, is placed in the
sinister chief corner ; as in the bearingof OciLViEof Barras, giving place to the badge
of Scotland, the thistle ensigned with an imperial crown in the dexter chief corner ;
by a concession of the sovereign, for preserving the regalia in the time of the Re-
bellion, as his charter bears, fig. 21. And Sir Archibald Stewart of Castlemilk has
the badge of Nova Scotia by way of a canton in the sinister chief corner : Of
. whom before.

Sir John Feme, in his Book before cited, gives us also the example of two can-
tons, dexter and sinister, borne by GUY Lord of WARWICK, in England ; and
Sylvester Petra Sancta gives an example of a canton placed in the middle of the
chief point, carried by the RUDEARFI in Bavaria, viz. sable, a canton argent in
the middle chief point; but in Britain it would not be taken for a canton, but a
delph.

OF CHEQUE OR POINTS EQUIPOLES.

WHEN the field, or any armorial figure, is of many square pieces, alternately of
metal and colour, like the panes of a chess-board, consisting of three ranges-, (to
distinguish from compone and counter-compone, of which before), it is said to be
cheque, or echequete, which, as some say, is from the play of the chess. And they
make these square pieces or panes represent battalions and squadrons of soldiers in
line of battle. Others say, exchequire was anciently a compting-board, used by
accomptants in their calculation of accompts in public offices; from which the
Court of Exchequer has its name ; as those who write of the ancient state of
England, say the English Court of Exchequer, called Scacarium Regis, is from a
chequer-work carpet that covered the table, as the Court 'of the Green-Cloth, in
the King's House, is so called from a green carpet. And Menestrier tells, ma-
gistrates and judges of old wore cheque garments, called vestes scacatee, from which
the Latins, for chequer-bearings, say anna scacata, or scacciata, and others tes-
silata. Of figures so chequered I have given several instances in bends and fesses,
especially these of the name of Stewart. As for whole fields cheque, it seems they
are rare with us, for I have met with few or none of them : But I shall add here a
few instances of fields cheque in England.

Fig. 24. CLIFFORD Lord CLIFFORD of Chudleigh; in Devonshire, cheque, or and
azure, a fesse gules, charged with a crescent of the first ; which family was digni-
fied with the title of Lord by King Charles II. the 22d of April 1672.

WARD Lord WARD of Birmingham, in Warwickshire, cheque, or and azure, a
bend ermine ; this family was dignified by King Charles I. anno 1643.

The Counts of VERMANDOIS in Picardy, cheque, or and azure, a chief of the last,
charged with three flower-de-luces of the first : The last race of these counts added
the chief of France.

Cheque or chequer-bearing consists at least of three ranges or tracts of square
pieces, which some blazoners mention to the number of 4, 5, or 6 tracts, which
is superfluous : This the French heralds do not, yet they ordinarily mention the
number of the square pieces or panes of cheque, to the number of fifteen. When

•qiie consists only of nine pieces, fig 25. they call them points eqmpties ; as Bara.
in his Blazon of the Arms of the Seignory of Geneva, cinque prints d'or, equipollez,
a qunrte d'azur. And Andrew Favin, in his Theatre of Honour, blazons these

OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES.

arms thus, Un ecu compose de cinque pointes ffor, equipollez a quarte d'azur, i. e.
cheque, or and azure, of nine panes. Sometimes the last author is very curt in his
blazons of this kind, and only mentions the square figures (or panes) that are least
in number, as the arms of GENTILI, one of the twenty -eight noble families in Ge-
noa, (there are severals of this surname in Scotland, especially in Perthshire)
d'azur a quatre pieces d'echiquier d'or, i. e. azure, four pieces of cheque or. In
which blazon it must be understood, that the metal or colour first named, stands
for the field, and that the panes of the first tincture are ot more number than
those of the second : So in all blazons of cheque arms it is to be observed, that
we must begin at the metal or colour, whose pieces are of most number, for then
it is as the field, and the less number as the charge ; as was before observed in
the diminutives of the ordinaries when multiplied in the fiekl. When the pieces
of cheque are of equal number, then we begin with the tincture of the first upper-
most panes, on the right hand.

The above Favm mentions the number of cheque, if there be fifteen of them, as
in his blazon of the arms of ARMILDE in Spain, echequete de huit pieces d? argent
equipolles a sept de gueules, i.e. eight pieces argent equipoles to seven gules : But
in Britain, if they exceed nine, the heralds say only cheque, and to number them
further it is but superfluous.

OF BILLETS AND BILLETTE.

BILLETS are square figures, more long than broad, frequent in arms, as Me-
nestrier, " Billettes sont des billets quarrez longs, fort uses en armories ;" and Syl-
Arester Petra Sancta, speaking of them, says, " Quadranguli & longi majus quam
" lati scutarii lateres etiam ipsi extruunt familiarum nobilium gloriam, atque aedi-
•' ficant seu exornant symbolicas icones earum : So that billets are taken to repre-
sent in armories bricks, for which they are latined, laterculi, or plinthides, as Im-
hoft, in his Blazon of the Arms of ALLINGTON Lord ALLINGTON in England, Scu-
tum nigrum, baltheitm argenteum dentibus aspersum & sex plinthidibus stipatum, i. e.
sable, a bend ingrailed betwixt six billets argent.

Sir George Mackenzie, in his Science of Heraldry, takes billets in this sense,
where he tells us, that some families with us have them in their arms, to show their
original was from England, wrhere brick-tiles are much used ; but I find few names
with us that carry billets, except that of Callender, which is originally Scots : But,
before I speak of this family, I shall first show what others will have billets to re-
present in armories.

The book Le Trophee tfArms makes bricks to differ from billets, in that they
show their thickness in perspective, which billets do not ; upon which considera-
tion he and others will have billets to represent paper folded up in form of a missive
letter, or scrolls of paper ; for billet, in French, signifies a missive letter, or piece
of paper. Abbe Danet, in his Dictionary, says, billet is a term of blazon which
signifies a sheet of paper ; and Guillim takes them for little bills of paper, made up
more long than broad.

Monsieur Baron and Menestrier will have billets to represent long square pieces
of wood, bringing billet from billus, a club, which comes from an old word billot,
which signified the trunk of a tree more long than broad ; for which the old
heralds- said biHotte, as we now say billette, when they are of an indefinite number
in the field. Mr Gibbon, Blue-Mantle Pursuivant, with Mr Morgan, supposes them
to be billets of wood, as in the arms of COUDRY, gules, ten billets or; which
Gibbon latins thus, " In scuto rubro decem calas aureas, in triqueto positas."
As for the word cala, he is beholden to the old allusive Latin saying, viz. scinde
calas ut caleas. Menestrier likewise tells us, that the square pieces of stuff of
gold or silver, or of other tinctures, which were sewed or embroidered on garments
or furniture of old, were called billets.

The surname of CALLENDER carries sable, a bend betwixt six billets or. This
surname is from the lands and castle of Callendar, anciently called Calloner, (as
some tell us, especially the Dane Vanbassan in his Armories) from a Roman who
founded that castle of Callendar, and called it after his own name Calloner, from

Oi< i UK SUB-ORDINARIES.

caio, a faggot or log of wood, whose office it was to provide fuel for the Ror.
camp: And when arms came in use, these of that name took such figures. Otlu-i
again say, with some more certainty, that these billets in the ;!lcndci

represent sheets or scrolls of paper, upon the account that several of the !i
the family of Callender of that Ilk, were comptrollers or clerks to our Kin;.;
old ; but unluckily they joined with Baliol and the English against the Bruce,
which they were forfeited. King David the Bruce, in the ijth year of his reign,
made a grant of the barony of Callendar, in the county of Stirling, then in rn
crown by forfeiture of Patrick de Callendar, to Sir William Livingston ; who, tin-
better to fortify his title thereto, took to wife, Christian de Callendar, only daugh-
ter and heir to the said Patrick de Callendar, and had with her his son and successor
Sir William Livingston, father of Sir John Livingston of Callendar, who was slain
in the service of his country, at the battle of Hamilton. From whom were de-
scended the Earls of Linhthgow and Callendar, who have been in use to quartet
the arms of Callendar, as above blazoned, with their own.

JOHN CALLENDER of Mayners, sable, a bend betwixt six billets or, Font's Manu- '
script. After the extinction of Callender of that Ilk, this became the principal
family of the name.

JOHN CALLENDER in Kincardine, descended of the family of Mayners, sable, a.
bend cheque, argent and gules, between six billets of the second ; crest, a hand
holding a billet, proper : motto, / mean well. Lyon Register.

ALEXANDER CHAPLIN, writer to the signet, gules, on a fesse nebul/ argent, be •
rwixt six billets or, a rose of the first, as in, the Lyon Register.

Billets are more frequently to be seen in the English arms than in ours.

DORMER Earl of CARNARVON, Viscount Ascot, Baron Dormer of Wenge, azure,
ten billets, four, three, two, and one, or, on a chief of the last, a lion naissant,
sable. Sir Robert Dormer, in the reign of Henry VIII. obtained a grant of the
manor of Wenge in Buckinghamshire. His grandchild, Robert, was honoured
with the title of Lord Dormer of Wenge, by King James I. of Great Britain; and
his son Robert, Earl of Carnarvon, by King Charles I. who was killed fighting
valiantly for his king at the battle of Newberry ; a man of singular parts, as ap-
pears by the character the Lord Clarendon gives of him. He left no issue behind
him ; and the title of Lord Dormer went to a branch of that family, with the-
arms above blazoned, but not the title of Earl of Carnarvon.

With us and the English, if the number of billets in the field exceed ten, and
be irregularly placed, then the number of them is not expressed in the blazon, and
we only say billette, as in the arms of NASSAU, Earl of ROCHFORD ; but the French
mention their number till they exceed fifteen.

The proper posture of the billet is to be erect in pale ; when in fesse or fesse -
ways, they are said to be couche ; and when they be diagonally placed, they are
said to be bend-ways.

Seme of billets, or billette, which is all one, is said when the field is charged with
more than ten billets irregularly situate, as in the arms of EW, a territory in
Normandy, azure, billette or, (or seme of billets) a lion rampant of the last ; thus
by Uredus, " Scutum coeruleum plinthidibus aureis, incerto numero spai
11 &• leone ejusdem metalli impressum." Plate VIII. fig. 27.

OF THE PAIRLE.

I r is an honourable ordinary with some of the French heralds ; and has a parti-
tion in heraldry, after its form and name, as Tierce in pairle, of which before ;
Plate II. fig. 24. It likewise gives a denomination to figures situate after its posi-
tion ; of winch immediately.

The Pairle may be said to be composed of half a saltier and half a pale, issuing
from the base point of the shield to the centre, and then dividing into two equal
parts, tending to the dexter and sinister chief angles, as Plate VIII. fig. 28. a~.urft
a pairle or.

The armorial bearing of the family of PEPIN in France, given us by Monsieur
Baron in his LArt Heraldique, d'azur, au pairle d'or, and Menestrier, in his La-

193 OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES.

Science de la Noblesse, describes it thus : " Pairle est une fourche, ou un pal, qui
" muuvant du pied de 1'ecu, quand il est arrive au milieu, se divise en deux autres
" parties egales, qui vont aboutir aux deux angles du chef. Ce nom vient du
" Latin pergula, qui est propre de ces fourches, qui soutiennent les treilles." So
our author brings pairle from pergula, the prop of an house, or rather a forked
stick, such as those used in churches of old, for hanging up of lamps and sacer-
dotal vestments.

It is also taken by some for an episcopal pall, as that carried in the arms of the
Arch-Episcopal See of Canterbury. And again, by some for the letter Y, as in
the arms of the town of Yssdun in England, being the first letter of its name, as
Guillim and others write.

Such a figure is carried with us by the name of CUNNINGHAM, upon what ac-
count and meaning is uncertain. Some allege (I think without ground) that it is
a cross fourchee, which one of the progenitors of the name took for his cognizance
when he went in crusade to the Holy Land. Sir James Dalrymple takes it for an
arch-episcopal pall used by the Cunninghams, whose first progenitor in Scot-
land, was one of the four knights that murdered Thomas Becket, Archbishop of
Canterbury, and fled to Scotland. Neither of these two opinions seems to give
the true meaning and occasion of the bearing of that figure : It cannot be called a
cross-fourchee, crux furcata, as before, for it wants a traverse, which all crosses
have, and this being but one branch of cross fourchee, cannot be properly called a
cross : It may be more properly taken for an arch-episcopal pall, a badge of spi-
ritual jurisdiction, but very improperly to be used by the murderer of an archbishop,
which would be rather an abatement than a badge of honour. Besides, the mat-
ter of fact is false, for the Cunninghams were in Scotland, and so named in the
reign of King David I. long before that murder, as is evident by the Chartulary of
the Abbacy of Kelso. Frederick Vanbassan, a Norwegian, and a very confident
genealogist, wrote a Manuscript (now in the Lawyer's Library) of the rise of some
families with us, amongst whom is that of the Cunninghams, whose first progeni-
tor he calls Malcolm, the son of Friskine, who assisted Prince Malcolm, (after-
wards King, surnamed Canmore) to escape from Macbeth's tyranny ; and being
hotly pursued by the usurper's men, was forced at a place to hide his master by
forking straw or hay above him ; and after, upon that Prince's happy accession to
the crown, he rewarded his preserver Malcolm with' the thanedom of Cunning-
ham, from which he and his posterity have their surname, and took this figure to
represent the shake-fork with which he forked hay or straw above the Prince, to
perpetuate the happy deliverance their progenitor had th'e good fortune to give to
their Prince.

Sir George Mackenzie, in his Science of Heraldry, says, that this family took
their name from the country of Cunningham, and being, by office, Masters of the
King's Stables and Horses, took for their armorial figure, the instrument whereby
hay is thrown up to horses, which in blazon is called a shake-fork, being after the
same form with the pairle. In his Manuscript of Scots Families, he says, William
Cunningham was Master of Horses to King William, or had such like office,, and
was married to a daughter of Richard Morville, Constable of Scotland ; the seat of
which family was at Kilmaurs, in the country of Cunningham. Mr Crawford,
in his History of Renfrew, and Peerage of Scotland, says, the surname of Cunning-
ham, which properly signifies the King's habitation, has no doubt been taken
from the bailliary of Cunningham, in the shire of Ayr, the patrimony of the
Morvilles, formerly Constables of Scotland, to whom the Cunninghams of Kil-
maurs were vassals. The first of that family that he has met with upon record,
is, Robertas, JiUus Varnebaldi de Cunninghame, proprietor of Kilmaurs ; who, in
the reign oT King William the Lion, gave, in pure and perpetual alms to the
monks of the abbey of Kelso, the patronage of the church of Kilmaurs, " cum
" dimidia carrucata ternc addictam ecclesiam pertinen. pro salute animae suae,"
which is ratified by Richard Morville before the year 1189. He was succeeded by
his son Robert, and from him descended Sir William Cunningham of Kilmaurs,
knight, father of William, who succeeded, and of Thomas, first of the house of
Caprihgton, of whom came the Cunninghams of Leglan and Enterkine.

OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES.

Which William, in the reign of King Robert III. added to his old patrimonial
inheritance the barony of Finlayston in kcniiewshire, Kilmarnock in the county
of Dumbarton, Redhall and Collington in Lothian, by the marriage of Margaret,
daughter and one of the co-heirs of Robert Denniston Lord of Denimton. With
her he had Robert his successor, and William, first of the branch of Cunningham
head in the shire of Ayr.

Which ROBERT, by his lady Janet, daughter of Alexander Lord Montgomery,
was father of Alexander first Lord of Kilmaurs, and after created Earl of Glen-
cairn by King James 111. 28th of May 1488 ; from whom is descended the present
Earl of Glencairn ; for which see the Peerage. The achievement of the family i-,
argent, a shake-fork sable ; supporters two conies proper ; crest, an unicorn's head
argent, maned and horned or ; and for motto, Over fork aver, to shew the signi-
fication of the armorial figure.

There are many goodly families descended of the Earls of Glencairn, whose
blazons I shall here subjoin as I have met with them in our old and new Re-
gisters.

CUNNINGHAM of Glengarnock, descended of a second son of Henry Cun-
ninghame of Kilmaures, and his spouse Riddel, heiress of Glengarnock. In the
reign of Alexander II. this family was in use (as in Sir James Balfour's Manuscript
of Blazons) to carry argent, a shake-fork sable, charged with a cinquefoil of the
first : Which family was a long time since extinct ; and another branch of the
family of Craigends, descended of the Earl of Glencairn, was designed of Glen-
garnock. Of whom immediately.

CUNNINGHAM of Polmaise, argent, a shake-fork sable; the first of this family was
a son of Kilmaurs in the reign of Alexander III.

CUNNINGHAM of Auchenharvy, descended of Craigends' family, charged his
pairle or shake-fork with a mascle or. Balfour's Manuscript.

CUNNINGHAM of Cunninghamhead, argent, a bishop's pall sable, (always so
called by Mr Pont, in his blazons of the name) between two garbs, and a mullet
Cities in chief. The first of this family was a second son of Sir Wrilliam of Kil-
maures, and his wife Margaret Denniston, eldest daughter and co-heir of Sir Robert
Denniston of that Ilk, in the reign of Robert III.

Sir WILLIAM CUNNINGHAM of Cunninghamhead, Baronet, has his arms matri-
culated in the Lyon Register, in the year 1698, thus ; quarterly, first and fourth
argent, a shake-folk and a mullet in chief sable , for Cunningham ; second and
third grand quarters, quarterly, first and fourth argent, on a fesse azure, three stars
of the first ; second and third azure, three garbs or, being the arms of Mure of
Rowallan ; crest, a dexter hand issuing out of the wreath, holding the upper part
ot an anchor by the ring ; with the motto on an escrol, Enough in my hand ; sup-
ported on the dexter by a coney, and on the sinister by a falcon, both proper; as
in Plate of Achievements.

CUNNINGHAM o£ Barns, in the shire of Fife, another ancient cadet, who has a
charter of these lands from King Robert II. (as in Sibbald's History of Fife) car-
ries argent, a bishop's pall sable, and in chief, a stag's head erased gules, as in
Font's Manuscript; but in Balfour's Manuscript, there is a star in place of
the stag's head.

CUNNINGHAM of Craigends, quarterly, first and fourth argent, a shake-fork sable,
for Cunninghame ; second and third or, a fess« cfaque, azure and argent^ for
Stewart ; crest, an unicorn's head couped argent, horned and maned or, and
gorged with a collar cheque, argent and azure : motto, So fork forward : As in our
ancient and modern books of blazons. The first of this family was WILLIAM CUN-
NINGHAM, a younger son of Alexander the first Earl of Glencairn, who obtained
from his- father the lands of Craigends, anno 1477. He married Elizabeth Stewart,
daughter and co-heiress of Sir Walter Stewart of Arthurly, who was one of the Stew-
arts of Darnly, and with her got the lands of Arthurly; for which this family, and its
descendants, have been in use to quarter the arms of Stewart with their own, with
suitable differences.

Their son and successor was William Cunningham of Craigends, father of Ga-
briel; of whom is descended Alexander, the present laird of Craigends, and several
other brai* lies of that family, as Richard Cunningham of Glengarnock, a young<*r

OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES.

son of the abovementioned Gabriel Cunningham, and his lady, Margaret, daugh-
ter to Livingston of Kilsyth. He married Elisabeth Heriot, daughter to Heriot of
Trabrown, by whom he had several children. The eldest, Richard Cunningham,
was designed of Bedland, after the lands of Glengarnock were sold to the family
of Kilbirny, now dignified with the title of Viscount of Garnock ; and carried,, as
Cunningham of Craigends, with a crescent for his difference ; crest, an unicorn's
head couped argent, maned and horned or : motto, Virtute 13 labore.

ROBERT CUNNINGHAM, a younger brother of Richard, carries the same arms,
within a bordure, for his difference ; who has purchased a considerable fortune in
America, called Cayenne, in the Island of St Christopher, by his valour, and by
marrying Judith Elizabeth, daughter to' Daniel de Bonefon of Martas in France,
and his wife, Mary de Barat, sister to Charles de Bar at, Sieur De la Bodie, Lieu-
tenant-General to the King of France, and Governor of the Citadel of Lisle in
Flanders, and with her has numerous issue : For whose arms see Plate of Achieve-
ments.

CUNNINGHAM of Robertland, descended of DAVID CUNNINGHAM of Bartonhold,
son of the first William Cunningham of Craigends, and his second wife, Marion
Auchenleck, one of the daughters and co-heirs of Sir John Auchenleck of that
Ilk.

Mrs JEAN CUNNINGHAM, lawful daughter to Sir Alexander Cunningham of
Robertland, and spouse to Sir Alexander Forrester, Secretary to the Duke of
Lauderdale, has her arms matriculated in the Lyon Register, thus ; argent, a shake-
fork sable, between a hunting-horn in chief, and two castles in the flanks sable ;
1 take the hunting-horn for her husband Forrester, but I know not* upon what
account the castles.

CUNNINGHAM of Cairncuren, and CUNNINGHAM of Auchenyards, are cadets of
Cunningham of Craigends, and carry the arms of Craigends, with differences.

CUNNINGHAM of Caprington in Ayr, descended of a younger son of Sir WILLIAM
CUNNINGHAM of Kilmaurs, in the reign of Robert III. got the lands of Capring-
ton, by marrying one of the daughters and co-heirs of Wallace of Sundrum ; upon
which account, sometimes the family quartered the arms of Wallace, gules, a lion
rampant argent : And at other times carried only their own paternal coat of Cun-
ninghame, with a star in chief sable. The direct lines of this family ended in the
reign of King Charles II. and these lands were purchased by Sir John* Cunning-
liame, baronet, a learned lawyer, a branch of the same family, now designed of
Caprington and Lamburghton, who carries argent, a shake-fork sable, within a bor-
dure ermine ; crest, a dexter hand holding a plum-rule, proper : motto, Ad admis-
sum. Lyon Register.

Sir JOHN CUNNINGHAM of Enterkin, argent, a shake-fork sable, within a bordure
azure, charged with eight billets of the first ; crest, a demi-lion full-faced azure,
holding in his dexter paw a scroll, and in his sinister a garb, proper : motto, Sedulo
numen adest. New Register. And there,

Sir ROBERT CUNNINGHAM of Auchenharvy, Baronet, Physician to King Charles
II. the arms of Cunningham, with the addition of two lozenges in fesse sable ;
crest, a dexter hand holding a lozenge or : motto, Cur a £5* candor e.

ALEXANDER CUNNINGHAM of Balquhan, representative of Auchenharvy, in place
of the lozenges, has two mascles gules ; crest, a boar's head couped azure : motto,
Cur a y constantia. Plate of Achievements.

Sir ALEXANDER CUNNINGHAM of Corsehill, Baronet, descended of a younger son
of WILLIAM Earl of GLENCAIRN, who got from him, for his patrimony, the lands of
Corshill, in the year 1532 ; which family of Corshill has been in use to carry the
arms of Glencairn, with a crescent for difference. N. R.

JOHN CUNNINGHAM of Aikenbar, lineally descended of a second son of the fa-
mily of GLENCAIRN, quarterly, first and fourth Glencairn, within a bordure gules ;
second and third argent, an oak tree growing out of a mount, in base, proper, sur-
mounted of a fesse azure, on account of marrying an heiress of the name of WAT-
SON ; crest, an unicorn seiant, grasping an oak-tree, with his fore feet, proper :
motto, Mihi robore robur. • Lyon Register.

Mr JAMES CUNNINGHAM, Writer to the Signet, descended of CUNNINGHAM of
Drumquhassell, in the Lennox, the armorial figure of Cunningham, accompanied

OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES. 195-

with three roses gules. Lyon Register; crest, a trunk of an oak tree, with a sprig
vert : motto, Tandem. Lyon Register.

WILLIAM CUNNINGHAM of Brownhill, sometime Provost of Ayr, the armorial
figure of Cunninghame, with a rose in chief gules, surmounted of an annulet of
the field : motto, I'irtute comes invidui. Lyon Register.

ADAM CUNNINGHAM, sometime one of the Maeers to the Senator of the '
of Justice, descended of CUNNINGHAM of Drumquhassell, ardent, a shake-fork s/ible.
between three roses gules, and a crescent, for difference. Lyon Register.

THOMAS CUNNINGHAM, Merchant and residenter in Stockholm, SMII to Alexan-
der Cunningham, Bailie of Grail, descended of BARNS, argent, a sJiakefork sable,
within a bordure waved azure, charged with six besants argent ; crest, a mart ,
•volant ; with the motto, Prospere qui sedulo. Lyon Register.

CUNNINGHAM of Belton, the armorial figure of the name, accompanied with
three stars, one in chief, and two in the flank , gules.

This figure, as I observed before, is taken for an episcopal pall, and, by some of
our heralds, blazoned a stole ; but by our modern, a stake-fork : Whatever names
it goes under with us, it is the same with that of the French pairle, an honourable
ordinary with them ; for it gives a denomination to a partition after its form, ot"
which before : As also, to figures situate after its disposition, which are then said
to be in pairle, as in the armorial bearing of SUNDIL in France, thus blazoned by
Menestrier, de gveules, au trots billettes d'or mists en pairle, i. e. gules., three billets
in pairle or. Plate VIII. fig. 30.

or THE POINT.

THE French give the point as a proper figure in heraldry ; being a triangular
form, issuing from the base dexter and sinister points of the shield, with the point
towards the centre or collar point, as fig. 31. the arms of ST BLAISE in France,
thus blazoned by Monsieur Baron, d'azur a la pointe d' 'argent.

We, with the English, would take it for a partition per cheveron, and say parted
per cheveron, azure and argent, which is the same when the point does not go
higher than the centre or collar points. Which partition, as I observed before, the
French have not ; but, in its place, the point, and if it does go beyond the
collar point, and touch the top of the shield, the French take it then for a par-
tition of the field, which they call tierce in mantle, of which before. Plate II.
fig. 9.

OF THE GIRON AND GIRONNE.

THE giron is a French word, which signifies the lap: For suppose one sitting,
the knees somewhat assunder, and a traverse line drawn from one knee to the
other, the space within the two knees makes a giron, with the point in gremio :
So all girons are of a triangular or conal form, broad at one end, and sharp at the
other : The first is at the sides of the shield, and the other ends at the navel or
centre point of the shield. They are said to represent triangular pieces of stun1",
commonly called gussets, placed in garments and womens' smokes, to make them
wide below, and narrow above, as Menestrier, in his La Science de la Noblesse :
" Giron est une piece d'etoffe taille'e en triangle, a qui on a donne le^nom de giron,
" parceque les femmes en portoient ainsi sur le sein que Ton nomme giron de
" gremiitm"

This armorial figure is frequent in armorial bearings in Europe ; and, as others-
beforementioned, hac» its rise in armories, from the robes, gowns, and coats of ar-
mour used by the ancients : Menestrier, in. another treatise of his of the Ancient
Use of Arms, chap. iii. of Symbolical Figures, gives examples of girons in the arms
of the family of GIRON, in Spain, of which family are descended the Dukes of
OSSUNA, who carry three girons in their arms ; which, siys he, represent three
triangular pieces of stuff or gussets of the coat armour of Alphonsas \ I. King o:
Spain, who, fighting in the battle, against the Moors, had his horse killed, and, be-

196 OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES.

ing in danger, was rescued, and remounted by Don Roderico de Cissneres upon his
horse, who, in the time, cut off three triangular pieces or gussets of the king's
coat armour, which he kept as a testimony to show the king afterwards that he
was the man who saved him : For which, the king advanced him to honour, and
honoured his armorial bearing with three girons, Plate VIII. fig. 32. and adorned
it with a horse for a crest, to perpetuate to posterity the opportune relief he gave
to his king, and from which figures the family took the name of Giron, and these
figures are frequent in Spanish bearings; neither are they wanting in several fami-
lies in France.

The girons in length do not exceed the centre of the shield, from whatever side
they issue, and their points terminate and meet in the centre. Their ordinary
number in Britain is eight, as these in the bearing of the name of Campbell,
which fall out necessarily by the four principal partition lines. 1 shall here pro-
ceed to describe them, as the English do, when of a lesser and greater number,
and then show how the necessary girons difter from others, which fall not out by
those partition lines.

Guillim makes the giron an ordinary of two lines, drawn from the side of the
shield, meeting in the centre or top. Again, if these two lines were extended to
the other side of the shield, they would form two girons, which Guillim blazons
argent, two girons gules, but does not tell how they stand, which is bend-ways, as
fig. 33. if to this last example a diagonal sinister line be added, then the shield will
be filled with six girons, as fig 34. and if to this a paler line be added, then the
field is equally filled with them, falling out by the four principal partition lines, as
before, by the name of Campbell.

And I shall here add another instance of the achievement of Colonel ALEXAN-
DER CAMPBELL of Finnab, in Perthshire (which he caused engrave in the Plate of
Achievements) being a grandson to Archibald Campbell, who was son to Sir Dun-
can Campbell of Glenorchy, and his wife Lady Stewart, daughter to the Earl of Athol,
carry the arms of Glenorchy, now Earl of Breadalbane, viz. quarterly, first the pa-
ternal coat of Campbell, parti, coupe, tranche, faille, or and sable ; and, as others
Sa7> gironne of eight, or and sable; second argent, a lymphad sable, and oars in ac-
tion; third or, a fesse cheque, azure and argent, for STEWART of Lorn, and the fourth
as the first, in surtout, by way of distinction; the arms of the African and Indian
Company of Scotland, viz. azure a St Andrew's cross, cantoned with a ship in full
sail in chief, and a Peruvian sheep in base, in the dexter flanque, a camel with a
burden of goods passant, and, in the sinister flanque, an elephant with a tower on
its back, all argent ; which are timbred with helmet and mantlings befitting his
quality, and, on a wreath of his tinctures, for crest, a demi-man in a coat of mail,
holding in his right hand a sword, and on his left arm a shield, charged with the
head and neck of an unicorn ; with the motto, on an escrol above, 0$uid non prc
patria ; supported on the dexter by an Indian in his native dress, with a bow in
his hand, and quiver with arrows hanging over his shoulder ; and, on the sinister,
by a Spaniard in his proper habit, standing on a compartment; out of which a ris-
ing sun, with the epigraph, ^nu panditur orbis. The reason which made him as-
same those additional signs, is as follows : the account of which I doubt not but
\vill give satisfaction to the reader:

The colonel having served as captain in that regiment, levied by his grace Archi-
bald, late Duke of Argyle, in the year 1689, (a^ °* *"s own name) during King-
William's first wars in Flanders, until, among several others that regiment was dis-
banded at the peace of Ryswick, in the year 1697, the African and Indian Com-
pany of Scotland, having the affairs of their new settlement at Darien in extreme
disorder, by the desertion and mismanagement of the first colony, did, about the
i-t t>f December 1699, by their letters and commission, and assurance of all man-
ner of encouragement, entreat him, being then at London, to ro straight to Darien,
with the utmost expedition, in station of a counsellor ; which he accepted of, and,
through many difficulties, occasioned chiefly by that unnatural proclamation for-
bidding fire and water to any of that settlement through all the English plantations,
which was then raging in full force, he got to Darien on the 2d of February 1700.
The second colony being arrived about two months before him, and things at a
very low pass, and unprecedented mortality amcng the men, and a spirit of uu-

OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES. 197

common division among the survivors. The second day after his arrival certain
intelligence comes, that the Spaniards were upon their way to attack them, both by
sea and land, and that considerable numbers from Panama, Sancta Maiia, and
Carma, and other plantations of theirs on the South Sea, were upon a lull march
to attack them by land; and that, in a few days, their fleet would be at the mouth
of the harbour to block them up by sea. Things being in tins desperate situation,
and no- long time left to deliberate on what was to be done, the other counsellors unani-
mously gave him the command; and, as the safest course, he judged it absolutely
necessary, first, to attack their land forces, and not wait their attacking of him ; ac-
cordingly, on the 5th of February 1700, with two hundred men and proper officers,
being all he had in health in the colony, with forty Indians armed with bows and
arrows, he sets out towards them, directing his march up these inaccessible moun-
tains, over the Isthmus of Darien, through such monstrous woods and untrodden
paths, that for three days they seemed rather to creep and climb their way than
march. Upon the third day, being the 8th of Februray, having then passed the sum-
mit of the mountains, and beginning to descend towards the South West Sea, he got
notice from his Indian spies, that he was very near the Spanish camp, where they
had been for three days (ever since they got account of his setting off from Darien)
felling of trees, and fortifying themselves on a little plain on the side of a mountain,
at a place, by the natives called Toubocanti, and at the source of that river called
Sancta Maria, which discharges itself in the Southern Sea, at the Spanish plantation
of that name : Their fortifications were thick piles driven in the ground about the
height of a man, and smaller branches of trees woven very close upon them, made
out in form of redoubts and bastions, with faces, flanks, and angles. In this situa-
tion, he could not possibly come at the1 knowledge of their numbers, else, it is pro-
bable, he had not attacked them ; and, had they known the smallness of his force,
it is as likely they had not been at pains to fortify themselves. In this uncertainty
he gave orders to attack them, with an huzza, sword in hand, ordering, in the mean
time, a competent number of hatchet-men to cut down the pallisadoes ; they sus-
tained a furious fire of the enemy a considerable time, but at length broke in up-
on them, and put all to the flight or sword : Such as survived of the Spaniards
threw down their arms, and betook them to their heels. He pursued the victory
till evening, and lodged that night in the Spanish camp. In this action, he himself
was shot in the joint of the shoulder, which so enraged his men, that, with much
ado, he got the lives of only thirty prisoners spared, from w horn, and by the num-
ber of the arms they got, they made account that the Spaniards consisted of about
sixteen hundred men, under the command of Don Balthasar, Knight of the Order
of St James. Among the rest of the plunder they got his equipage and coat, which,
in embroidery, bore the device and embellishment of his order. The Spaniards
hud above 200 killed upon the spot ; but the place being so surrounded with
shrubs, thickets, and tall trees, it was not possible to know the full account of their
slain, much less of their wounded ; and the Scots had about 30 killed, and 40
wounded. Next morning they set out towards the colony, and arrived at it on
the third day after, where they found things in the worst situation our enemies could
wish ; for fifteen Spanish ships, of which were five tall men of war, commanded
by Don Piomento, a Lieutenant-General, had blocked up the mouth of the harbour;
a council being called, it was agreed to by a vast majority that they should capi-
tulate, from which the Colonel strenuously dissented, and protested against their
proceedings ; alleging, that it was much more honourable for them to defend the place
to the last extremity, and then to make the best of their way through land, if
provisions failed before a relief, and so leave things entire, rather than capitulate
with so cruel and powerful an enemy, from whom no honourable terms could be
expected. Upon this they separate ; and the Colonel, in a little sloop, with a few
that stood by him in the protest, came safe to Scotland in the July thereafter,
1700 : But it is observable, that not one of those who signed the capitulation ever
returned.

The Darien Company, in a grateful sense of his singular services, in full coun-
cil, ordered a golden medal to the value of L. 16 Sterling, to be struck for him,
and silver ones to the value of los. one of which is in the Advocate's Library,
among their Collections, and severals in private hands. See both sides of this me-

i93 OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES.

dal cut in the Plate of Achievements, being taken off the original gold one in the
Colonel's own possession, and, at the writing hereof, in my hands. I hope the
reader will excuse ray being so particular in this narration, which I could not
avoid, without being unjust to the valour of the man, and to the gratitude of our
countrymen ; who have, in so signal a manner, taken care to perpetuate his me-
mory and this singular action to after ages. I wish this testimony may excite
others to acquire such honourable trophies for their country ; and thereby trans-
mit their fame to after ages, which indeed is the true and solid foundation of ho-
nour.

Having treated before of these gironal arms, which are .made by the four princi-
pal partition lines, and borne by the name of Campbell and others, I shall here
add a few instances of those .whose arms are cut in the Plate of Achievements,
before I speak of girons which are not made by the partition lines.

The arms of CAMPBELL of Ardkinlas, and CAMPBELL of Lochwell, are blazoned
in the end of the yth chapter, and cut in the Plates of Achievements, and there
also the bearing of CAMPBELL of Shawfield, parti, ccupe, tranche, tattle, or and
sable, (as others say, gironne of eight) within a bordure of the first, charged with
eight crescents of the second; crest, a griffin erected, holding the sun betwixt his
fore paws ; with the motto, Fidus amicis. And there, in the Plate of Achieve-
ments, are the arms of Mr ALEXANDER CAMPBELL, Advocate, as a son of CAMP-
BELL of Craignish, who carries the arms of that family, viz. gironne of eight, or
and sable, with a crescent in the centre for his difference, hung upon the mast
~j? a galley ; which they have assumed from the old seal of the family of Craig-
nish, mentioned before, and cut in the Plate of Achievements ; but they have
caused cut the girons after the fashion of these used by the arms of Campbell,
and not after those on the seal.

Some of the name of SPENCE, gironne of eight pieces, argent and azure, and on
an inescutcheon of the first, an eagle's head erased sable, within a bordure gules,
as in Sir James Balfour and Mr Pout's Manuscripts of Blazons ; but I find SPENCE
of Wor-miston, and others of that >name, carried other figures, of which in another
place.

The surname of MATTHEW, gironne of eight pieces, sable and gules, in Sir Jame j
Balfour's Manuscript of Blazons. And there,

MATTHISON, gironne of eight pieces, sable and gules, a lion rampant or, armed
and langued azure, all within a bordure of the third ; charged with eight cross
croslets fitched of the second : Which arms, says Sir James, in his Manuscript,
I gave under my hand and seal to Colonel George Matthison, the ist of October
1639.

Besides these girons, which necessarily fall out by partition lines, blazoned as
before by the French, there are other gironal arms, which are not made by the
principal partition lines, which are properly girons, as Plate VIII. fig. 34.

Gironne of eight pieces, or and gules, by the family of BERANGER, in Dauphine.
Here two girons do not meet in the angle of the shield, as in the former ; but the
•.ingles are filled with one giron. And further to explain it, it is as it were made
up of a cross paiee and a saltier patee, their points meeting in the centre ; and so
two girons stand exactly in pale, two in fesse, two in bend, and two in bend-sinis-
ter; which blazon Mr Gibbon brings from Segoing, viz. gironne cCor et de gueules
de bull pieces ; and latins thus, " Conos octo aureos decussim, versus extremita-
" tes ejus patulam, simulque crucem ejusdem formae referentes." Such another
bearing is that of CAMPBELL of Craignish, as on the old seal of the family, cut in
f.he Plate of Achievements.

WILLIAM D'!PRE Earl of KENT, gironne of ten pieces, or and azure, an escut-

'i'jon gules ; over ail a batton sinister argent, which Mr Gibbon latins, " scutum

' segmentis denis, ex auro vicissim &- cyano cuneatum, quibus in umbilico impo-

1 nitur scutulum sanguineum, &- dein super inducitur bacillus sinister argen.'eus,

' oram scuti majoris mininie pertingens;" here he uses cuneatus, from the word cunc-

us, a wedge, after which form is a giron ; in this last blazon there are ten girons,

winch do not fall out by the four partition lines. Fig. 35.

Gironal bearings were called by the English, of old, counter-coined coats, as the
blazon of arms of BASSINGBURN in England, counter-coined of twelve pieces or

OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES. i99

and azure, so called upon the account that the tinctures of the arms do meet
at the centre of the shield, which the old heralds called the con ; and the Lat:i,s
said, " Fortat arnia contra conata ex duodecim partibus ex auro &- bladio," i.
gironne of twelve pieces, or and gules : Upton, speaking of gironal arms, says,
" Diversi surit nobiles qui portant arma contra conata, quia omnes ipsorum colores
" invechuntur, ad unuin conum, sive ad medium punctum conatuni, quia omne
"corpus triangulum magis longum quam latum est omnino conatum." The mo-
dern heralds disuse the word coiiatus, which properly signifies one that endeavours
any thing, and use the words cuneus a wedge, and conns, which signifies a geome-
trical body, sharp at one end, and broad at the other, which answers to a giron.

We meet with arms of sixteen girons, as these given us by Favin, in his Thea-
tre of Honour, book 3d. page 55. Gironne de gueules & if ermines de seize pieces,
i. e. gironne of sixteen pieces, gules and ermine, carried by John Cheswell, institu-
tor of the Order of St Magdalen, in anno 1614. And Sylvester Petra Sancta gives
us such another bearing by the Eecourti in France, which he thus describes, pinnulee
trigonite sexdecim, jubar argenti atque ostri reciprocantes, i. e. gironne of sixteen
pieces, argent and ~g ides : Bombax-, a herald, gives out, that such gironal arms re-
present winding-stars, and signify that the bearers have been raised and exalted
by their own merits.

The girons are subject to accidental forms, as to be inf railed, nebule and wavey,
of which 1 have given examples in the VII. chap, and I proceed next to piles, be^
ing figures much of the same form..

OF THE PILE.

IT is an armorial figure more frequent in Britain than in other nations, and hard-
ly known in France by that name.

It is of a conal form, more oblong than the giron ; its point does not end in the
centre, but proceeds farther into the field, and sometimes to the extremities of the
shield. The English describe it an ordinary composed by a two-fold line, formed
like a long wedge ; and when but one in the field, the great end possesses the
third part of the shield, whereout it issueth, ending taper-ways, near to the oppo-
site part of the shield, as Plate IX. fig. i. or, a pile ingrailed sable.

The English ascribe to it many significations in arms. As first, Guillim says, it
represents that ancient weapon peculiar to the Romans, called pilum, from which
the pile is latined pila.

Morgan says it is a fit figure to be given to generals and commanders, who have
ordered their army in battle after the form of a wedge, and have obtained victory
by that form. Others again, as the author of the ^book, entitled, The Art of
Heraldry, advances, that the pile represents in armory such pieces of wood which
make all the foundations of buildings and fortifications sure and firm, in marshy
and watery ground ; and that it is a fit symbolical figure for those who have found-
ed governments and societies ; and upon such an account they tell us, that Edward
III. of England gave the pile to Sir John Chandos for his armorial figure, upon
the account of his valour against the French, and as one of the founders of the most
noble Order of the Garter; This Sir John was well known to the French ; for al-
most all their heralds take notice of his arms : And Favin, in his Theatre of Hon-
our, blazons them thus, D' 'argent a un pieu aiguise de gueules, i. e. argent, a pile
fitchc gules, of which before of the Pale. Chap. IX. Plate III. fig. 2.

I take the English pile, and the French pile aiguise to be all one, and represent
the same thing, such as a stake of wood, sharp at the end, with \\hich soldiers forti-
fied their camps ; and engineers, by driving- them into the ground, to make solid
foundations for buildings, commonly called piles ofit'ood: For which the Lut
•ay, sub/ids dejixis sustentare : As Sylvester Petra Sancta, for a pile in armories,
says, svblica gentilitia cuspidata in im/i parte: The English pile differs nothing from
the French pale aiguise, but that the one is fitche , or sharp from the top, and the other
turns sharp, but near the foot ; and heralds latin the first, palos cuspidatos, and
the last, palos in imo cuspidatos.

200 OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES.

Sylvanus Morgan, amongst his other fancies, and especially of the pile, a pe-
culiar figure with the English, will have it to be the symbol of fire and water ; tui
the pile among the ancients, says he, was the hieroglyphic of the element fire,
which terminates in a point, mounting upwards, and, after its form, monuments of
kings and princes were so built ; as the pile of fire purifies all things, so it is the
emblem of a faithful man : He gives, for instance, the bearing of one of the name
of FURNEAULX, who carried sable, a pile indented argent ; which, says he, was no
other but a rebus for his name, showing the trial of the furnace ; with the motto,
Probasti me. And again, as the pile represents water, it is the emblem of a patient
man ; whose motto is, Irnmota triumphant. And our author tells us, that Sir Hugh
Middleton, who brought in the river water of Thames to serve the city of London,
in memory thereof, altered his old arms, being argent on a bend vert, three
wolves' heads erased of the first, and in place of a bend, took a pile. And those of
the name of WATERHOUSE in England, descended of an ancient family, designed
AQUEDOME, in the county of Lincoln, whose seat was upon water, carried or, a pile
ingrailed sable, as Plate IX. fig. I.

Holmes, in his Academy of Armory, where he blazons the arms of Monsieur df
la SUN or SUND, azure , a canton argent, with five piles issuing therefrom or, tells us,
that the ensigns of English companies of soldiers, of old, were distinguished by
piles ; the colonel and lieutenant-colonel's company's ensigns had only cantons ;
but the major's company's ensign had a pile waved or plain, issuing from the
canton ; and the eldest or first captain's company had two piles issuing from the
canton ; and the second company's ensign, three piles, &-c.. So that I find the
pile has been a distinguishing figure of old with the English.

SEYMOUR Duke of SOMERSET, Earl of HERTFORD, Viscount BEAUCHAMP, Baron
SEYMOUR, &-c. quarterly, first and fourth or, on a pile gules, betwixt six flower-de-
luces in pale azure, three Lions of England of the first ; second and third gules,
two wings conjoined in lure or, the paternal coat of Seymour, Plate IX. fig. 2.
The first is a coat of augmentation, which King Henry VIII. conferred upon Edward
Seymour of Trowbridge in Wiltshire, when he took his sister Lady Jeun Seymour
to be his queen, who was the mother of Edward VI. He had the titles above-
mentioned conferred upon him by Henry VIII. Upon that king's death, he was
made Earl Marshal of England for life, and from the young king and his council
he received his patent of Protector and Governor of the King and the Kingdom ;
but, by an attainder in the year 1552, he lost his fortune, honours, and head, on
Tower-Hill, January 24th ; so that his son Edward did not enjoy them till the
reign of Queen Elizabeth, and was honoured with the title of Lord Beauchamp
and Earl of Hertford; and his son, William, again, by King Charles I. was made
Marquis of Hertford ; and after the restoration of King Charles II. was again ad-
vanced to the title of Duke of Somerset. I shall here add, to satisfy the curious,
the blazons, of this noble family, by the German Jacob Imhoff", " Insignia Sey-
" morum gentilitia, alas binas deauratas, sibi connexas §t expansas, sed deorsum
" versas in campo coccineo, representant ; his Rex Henricus VIII. honorificum
" addidit auctarium cui priores partes locum tribuere solent, nempe, parmam au-
" ream sex coeruleis liliis ornatam quae inter palus in cuspidem attenuatus, &• tribus
" Anglise leonibus, decoratus descendit." Here he latins the English pile as a pale
fitche, pains in cuspidem attenuatus. The same author, in his blazon of HOLLIS Earl
of CLARE, latins piles, pil<e.\ thus, " Insignia Holesise Comitis Clarae scuto con-
" stant muris ponticae maculis resperso, cui pilie duae nigrte oblique positae & cus-
" pide se prope tangentes inscriptae sunt," i. e. ermine, two piles issuing from the
dexter and sinister chief angles, their points meeting in base sable, as Plate IX.
fig. 3. which family was first dignified in the person of John Hollis of Houghton in
Nottinghamshire, by the title of Lord Baron 1616, and Earl of Clare 1624, and
afterwards with the title of Duke of Newcastle.

Sir George Mackenzie, in his Science of Heraldry, says, besides the former sig-
nifications of the pile, when there are three of them in a field, they are then to re-
present the three passion-nails, as symbols, assumed by such as returned from the
Holy Land, and generally in France and Spain, where these piles are gules, and
meet in point, they are called passion-nails ; especially with the French, who know

OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES.

nothing of the pile, as before ; wherefore, Sir George blazons the arms of WISHART,
argent, three passion-nails gules, meeting in point, Plate IX. fig. 4.

Jacob Vanbassan, a Dane, in his Manuscript, says, that one Robert, a natural
son of David Earl of Huntingdon, being in the wars in the Holy Land, was to-
named Guishart, from the slaughter he made on the Saracens ; and from him was
descended the families of the name of Wishart. Sir James Dalrymple, in his Col-
lections, page 217, says, that he has seen a charter granted by Gilbert Umfraville Earl
of Angus, to Adam Wishart of Logic, anno 1272. Sir George Mackenzie, in his
Manuscript, says, the chief of this name was Lord BRECHINT, whose succession failed
in a daughter married with the old Earl of Angus ; for whic'i the Douglasses Earls of
Angus still quarter those arms with their own ; and the other families of the name
were Wisharts of Logic and Pittarrow, who carried the above bla/on, viz.. argent,
three piles in point gules, and Pittarrow; for motto, Mercy is my desire; as in Esplin
:md Font's Books of Blazons. Both these families are extinct. Doctor George
Wishart, sometime Bishop of Edinburgh, was descended of Logic. Mr George
Wishart, who was martyred for the Protestant religion, was of Pittarrow. The ba-
rony of Logic was again purchased by Mr John Wishart, one of the Commissaries
of Edinburgh, nephew to the bishop, and great-grandson to Sir John Wishart of
Logic, who carries, as in the New Register of Arms, argent, three passion-nails
joining in their points gules, and distilling drops of blood, proper ; crest, an eagle
displayed sable, armed and membred gules, wounded with an arrow shot through
the body, proper : motto; Avitos novit bonores.

ANSTRUTHER of that Ilk, argent, three piles sable ; crest, two demi-arms holding
a pole-ax with both hands, proper ; with the motto, Perissem ni periissem, sup-
ported by two falcons, with wings expanded, proper, armed gules, chessed and
belled or. This is an ancient family for its antiquity ; Sir Robert Sibbald, in his
History of Fife, says, That in the Charter of Balmerino, Dominus Gulielmus de Candela
D. de Anstrutber confirms a donation by his father William, to the Monks of Bal-
merino, granting them, qiiandam terram adjacentem ex parte orientali villa: de An-
struther, on the sea-coast, by the way leading to Crail, in the reign of Alexander II.
For more of this family and its descendants, see the foresaid author.

Sir JAMES ANSTRUTHER of Airdrie, Clerk to the Bills, and second son to Sir Philip
Anstruther of that Ilk, carries as his father, within a bordure gules, for his differ-
ence ; crest and motto as above, without supporters. Lyon Register.

HALKET of Pitferran, sable, three piles conjoined in base argent : Esplin illumi-
nates them, five piles argent, in his Book, (on a chief gules, a lion passant gardunt
or : Mackenzie's Heraldry.) In the Register of Dunfermline there is a contract
betwixt the abbot of that abbacy and David Hacket of Lussfennen, de perambula-
tione terrarujn de Pitfaran, anno 1437; see Sir Robert Sibbald's History of Fife.
The book entitled, The Art of Heraldry, gives us a family of the name of Hacket
in England, originally from Scotland, carrying the same figures with a little varia-
tion, thus; Sir Andrew Hacket of Moxhill in Warwickshire, knight, sable, three
piles argent, on a chief of the second, a lion passant gules.

The surname of LOGAN carries piles or passion-nails. For the antiquity of the
name Dominus Robertus de Logan is mentioned in a charter in the I2th year of
the reign of King Alexander II. and Thomas de Logan is witness in a charter of
John de Stratbern, in 1278. Haddington's Collections.

And, in Prynne's Collections, amongst the Scots barons who submitted and
swore allegiance to Edward I. of England, in the ,year 1297, there is Walter
Logan in Lanarkshire. In the reign of Robert Bruce, Sir Robert Logan was emi-
nent : He accompanied good Sir James Douglas to Jerusalem, with King Robert's
heart, as our historians, and Holinshed, in his History of Scotland, p. 329, say.
Amongst the noblemen and gentlemen who accompanied Sir James in that expe-
dition, the chief of them were Sir William Sinclair and Sir Robert Logan ; upon
which account, these of the name of Logan have been in use to add to their arms
a man's heart, which our heralds blazon thus,— or, three passion-nails sable (instead
<>f piles) conjoined in point, piercing a man's heart in base gules, as Plate IX.
fig. 5. The principal family of the name was designed of Restalrig, near Edin-
burgh, who carried the same arras, as by their ancient seals ; as that of Sir Robert
Logan of Restalrig, which I have seen appended to his charter, whereby he grant-

3 E

202 OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES.

ed several privileges to the town of Edinburgh, as to pass through his lands to-
Leith with carriages ; and, for more verifying that deed, he appends the seal of his
cousin, William Cunningham Lord Kilmaurs ; and the charter ends thus, " In
" cujus.rei testimonium sigillum meum praesenti scripto est appensum, &• ad ma-
" jorem rei hujus evidentiam, sigillum nobilis &- potentis viri &• cousanguinei mei
" clarissimi Domini Wilielmi de Cunningham, militis, domini de Kilmaurs, simili-
" ter apponi procuravi, ultimo die Maii, 1398." This Sir Robert Logan was
Admiral of Scotland in the year 1400; his son or grandson, John Logan ofRestal-
rig, was made principal Sheriff of Edinburgh by King James II. in the year 1444.
The family matched wi.-h the Ramsays of Dalhousie; after which marriage, they
quartered the arms of that family with their own. Sir James Logaa of Restalrig
married Margaret, daughter to George Lord Seaton, in the reign of King James V.
Robert Logan of Restalrig, to his charter of the date 1560, (whereby he gives to
his eldest son, John Logan, the lands of Redhall, Flures, and Nether-Flemington)
appends his seal of arms ; upon which is a shield, quarterly, first and fourth, three
piles conjoined in point, second and third, an eagle displayed, illuminated and
blazoned in the herald books thus ; first and fourth or, three piles issuing from the
chief, and conjoined in base sable. (Some books, as Workman, conjoin them -in
a man's heart in base gules} for Logan ; second and third argent, an eagle display-
ed with two heads sable, beaked and membred gules, for Ramsay.

Which John was father of Sir Robert Logan of Restalrig, father of Robert Lo-
gan of Restalrig, that was forfeited (for keeping correspondence with John Earl of
Cowrie, in Jiis treasonable practices) in the year 1609, eight years after his death,
which was in the year 1601. He left two sons, George and John, who went a-
broad; the eldest died, John returned home and possessed a part of Restalrig, which
he had from his father : His son was George, who married Isabel Fowler, daughter
to Ludovick Fowler of Burncastle. Their son and successor, John Logan of Burn-
castle, married Agnes Maxwell, daughter to John Maxwell of Hills, one of the
i'amijy of Nithsdale ; his son and successor is the present GEORGE LOGAN of Burn-
castle : He married Isabel Douglas, daughter to the laird of Pinziere of the family
of Queensberry ; and, as representer of the Logans of Restalrig, carries the above
arms of the family, as in the Plate of Achievements.

I meet with other two families of the name in our books of arms ; as LOGAN of
Cotfield, who carried or, three passion-nails sable, their points in a heart gules, as
in Mr Font's Manuscript ; and, in the Lyon Register, there are recorded, in the
year 1676, the arms of Mr GEORGE LOGAN of that Ilk, or, three piles in point,
piercing a man's heart gules ; crest, a passion-nail piercing a man's heart, proper :
motto, Hoc majorum virtus, for which see Plate of Achievements.

The surname of LAING, argent, three piles conjoined in point, sable. Font's
Manuscript.

JOHN LAING, Rector of Newland, was Treasurer to King James III. Mr Thomas
Laing is a witness in a charter of Alexander Forrester to his son Archibald, the
1 2th of October 1464. Mr JOHN LAING of Red-house in East-Lothian carried the
foresaid arms, quartered with argent, a pale sable, which are to be seen painted on
the dwelling-house of Reidhouse.

JAMES LAING, portioner of Morisland, parted per pale ingrailed, argent and sable,
a chief indented, and counter-changed of the same. Lyon Register. Here the
indentment is in place of the piles.

The surname of LOCHORE, argent, three piles issuing from the chief, their points
conjoined in base sable.

ADAM de LOCHORE was Sheriff of Fife in the reign of Alexander II. and Hugh
Lochore, in the reign of Alexander III. was also Sheriff of Fife ; see Sir Robert
Sibbald's History of that Shire, who tells us, that though there were several gen-
tlemen of that name who had lands, scarce one of them is now to be found.

CALDWELL of that Ilk, in the shire of Renfrew, argent, three piles issuing from
the chief sable, and in base, four bars waved gules and vert, to show water, equi-
vocally relative to the name. This family, says Mr Crawfurd, in his History of
Renfrew, continued for many hundred years in a good reputation, by inter-mar-
i iages with many honourable families ; and ended of late in the person of John

OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES.

Caldwell of that Ilk, one of the commissioners for the Shire of Renfre\7, about the
year 1693. The lands are now possessed by John Earl of Dundonald.

JOHN CALDWELL in Glasgow, as in our New Register, parted per pule, azurr
and sable, a hart's head couped or, and in chief, three wells or fountains, proper.

The surname of YOUNG curries piles ; as YOUNG of Oldbar, arg ent, three pile.-.
sable, on a chiei' of the last, as many annulets or ; crest, a lion issuing out of u
wreath gules, holding a sword in pale, proper ; motto, Rob^ii prudcnti i prxstat ;
as in the Lyon Register.

Sir JOHN YOUNG of Leny, argent on three piles sable, as many annulets or ;
crest, a dexter arm holding a lance in bend, proper : motto, Press through.
Lyon Register.

THOMAS YOUNG of Rosebank, argent, three piles indents sable, on a chief of the
last, as many annulets or ; crest, an anchor placed in the sea, and surmounted of
a dove with an olive branch in its beak, all proper : motto, Sperando spiro.

YOUNG, sometime Bishop of Edinburgh, argent, three piles sable, on a chief
gules, as many annulets or, and a mullet for difference on the middle pile. Ex-
tracted out of the Lyon Register, 1673.

ANDREW YOUNG of Easttield, writer to his Majesty's Signet, argent on three
piles sable, as many annulets or, with a star of six points of the first ; crest, a
dexter hand holding a pen, proper : with the motto, Scripta tiianent ; all in the
Lyon Register.

YOUNGER of Hopperston, argent, on three piles in point sable, as many annu-
lets or ; and, on a chief gules, a crescent between two mullets of the first. Font's
Manuscript.

The name of YOUNGER, it seems, is of the same stock with the Youngs-, by their
arms, viz argent, on three piles in point sable, as many annulets or, and, on a chief
gules, a crescent between two mullets of the first. Font's Manuscript.

When we say piles in point, then the points of the piles meet and join together
in the base of the shield.

The surname of LOVELL, argent, three piles sable, surmounted of a fesse waved
gules. Font's Manuscript. And the same was carried by LOVELL of Balumby.

The surname of LAUTY, sable, three piles in point argent, surmounted of a fesse
gules, charged with as many crescents or. Font's Manuscript.

LAUTY of Teichonell charges his fesse with one crescent, and LAUTY of Myre-
house added two stars.

POLWARTH of that Ilk, in the shire of Berwick, argent, three piles ingrailed gules,
and conjoined in point. This family ended in an heiress, in the reign of King
James III. who was married to John Sinclair, eldest son of Sinclair of Herdman-
ston ; to whom King James IV. grants a charter of the lands of Polwarth. He
died without heirs-male, leaving behind him two daughters, who were co-heiresses
of Polwarth, but not of Herdmanston, to which his brother, as heir-male, succeed-
ed. The eldest was married to George Home of Wedderburn, and the other to
his younger brother Patrick, afterwards designed of Polwarth, progenitor of the
present Earl of Marchmont ; upon which account that family has been in use
to quarter with their own the arms of Polwarth ; and, by their modern paintings,
make the field gules, and the piles indented argent.

When the piles issue from any of the sides or angles of the shield it is necessary
to name the place from which they issue ; if from the chief, it may be named or
omitted in the blazon.

HENDERSON of Fordel, the principal family of the name, gules, three piles iss i-
ing out of the sinister side argent, and, on a chief of the last, a crescent azure, be-
twixt two spots of ermine; Esplin's Illuminated Book of Arms ; and they are so
illuminated in Workman's Manuscript; but the crescent is there vert, and support-
ed by two mertrixes ermine ; crest, a hand holding a star, surmounted by a cres-
cent ; with the motto, Sola virtus nobilitat. Plate. IX. fig. 16.

HENRY HENDERSON of St Laurence, Doctor of Medicine, parted per pale indent-
ed, sable and argent, two attires of an hart counter-changed, on a chief gules a
crescent or, betwixt two tufts of ermine; crest, a wheel: motto, Sic cuncta caduca
Lyon Register. Here an indenting is in place of the piles, carried by Fordel.

204 OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES.

When the field is not filled with an equal number of piles, the greatest number
is taken for the field, and the lesser number for the charge, as before in the Multi-
plication of the Abstracts of the Honourable Ordinaries ;. as in the bearing of RICHARD
HULSE of Betherden in Kent, argent, three piles, one issuing from the chief, be-
tween two. other transposed from the base sable, Plate IX. fig. 7. ; but, if there
were two from the chief, which would make an equal number, filling the field
equally with metal and colour, the English would blazon them paly pilie of so
many pieces, argent and sable, as they do these, issuing from both sides of the
shield, harry pilie ; which would be more proper to say, so many piles placed bar-
ways, wedged, as it were, one in the other, and reaching quite traverse the shield,,
as fig. 8. which Bara calls pointes en face ; the French, as I observed before, know
nothing of the pile; and would blazon these arms, parti emanche, arg e nt and g ules,
of eight pieces.

" Emanche'," says Menestrier, " se dit des partitions de 1'ecu, ou les pieces s'en-
" clavent 1'une dans 1'autre, en forme des longs triangles piramidaux," i. e. emanche
is said of the partitions of the shield, whose pieces enter the one in the other, in
long triangular piramidical forms ; so that, when the piles are counter-placed in
pale, fesse, bend-Jexter and sinister, the French say, parti emanche, coupe emanche,
tranche emanche and taille emanche, and the English, paly pilie, barry pilie, bendy
pilie of so many pieces. Mr Gibbon says, the French term emanche cannot be
well etymologized, and therefore cannot latinize it : yet, he offers the latin blazon
of the arms of the territory of Landas of the same form with the figure 8, but of
ten pieces, " Quinse (ex argento) pontis pilas traverse, totidemque, e minio vicissim
" contrapositae, totum clypeum transeuntes ;" for which the French say, parti
emanche d? argent, et de gueules de dix pieces ; and the English barry pilie of ten,
argent and gules* As for the signification of the word emanche, Menestrier says,
as the girons represent in arms gussets of garments, so do the manches, the sleeves,
narrow below, and wide above towards the shoulders.

OF THE FLANQUE, FLASQUE, AND VOIDER.

THESE are terms of figures treated of by the English, which are to be found in
their armorial bearings, but very rarely with the French : I have not met with
them as yet in our blazons ; however I shall treat of them briefly here.

Gerard Leigh would make them distinct, and subordinate to one another, but I take
them to be all one ; and the first is only a term used in heraldry. Guillim says,
they are made by an arch-line, drawn somewhat distinct from the corners of the
chief, on both sides, and swelling by degrees to the middle of the escutcheon, and
thence decreasing gradually in the base points. The flasque is lesser than the
flanque, and the voider is the diminutive of both. Spelman will have them to re-
present the facings of robes and gowns, and Guillim says, such figures are fit re-
wards for learning, and especially for service performed in embassies ; and the
•voider, the diminutive of the flasque, a suitable reward for a gentlewoman that has
dutifully served her prince or princess. Some heralds write them flanches.

I shall add two or three examples of these figures in arms, taken out of the
Dictionary of Arms, by Samuel Kent, printed in October 1717.

ALDHAM of Shrimpling in Norfolk, argent, a leopard between two flanches.

ANTONY of Suffolk, argent, a leopard between two flanches sable.

APHENRY of Wales, gules, five plates between two flanches argent, on each a
trefoil of the first.

Mr Gibbon, in his Introduction ad Latinam Blazoniam, latins the flanque and
fiasque, (the first signifying a side, in French) lotus or latusculum ; and from its
form he puts the epithet gibbosum to it ; and the flanch, being the same with the
flanque, are segments of a circular superficies, and latins them, orbiculi segmentum;
as in his blazon of the arms of Sir HENRY HOBART of Blicklinge in Norfolk, " in
" area nigra stellam octo radiorum auream gerit, inter duo orbiculi segmenta muris
' armeniae vellere impressa," i. e. sable, a star of eight points, waved or, between
two flanques ermine, as Plate IX. fig. 9.

OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES. 205

The French use the term fane, or flanquc, when figures are placed on the sides
and flanques of the shield ; and especially when a shield of arms is parted per sal-
tier ; the two sides are called the flanques, as in the blazon or' the arms of the
kingdom of Sicily, d'or a quatre paux tie gueules, jlunque tf argent, u deux aigles de
table, i. e. parted per saltier, above and below or, four pales gules, the two flanques
argent, each charged with an eagle sable ; but here the flanques is no charge nor
figure, but the sides of the field being the triangular areas made by the partition
lines ; so that the French know little or nothing of those as armorial figures ; for
figures, which canton the saltier at the sides, are said to be in Jiunques, as by the
blazons of that figure in the chapter of the Saltier.

OF THE LOZENGE AND LOZENGY, RUSTRE, MASCLE, FUSIL AND FUSILY.

HAVING treated of square, triangular, and conal figures, I proceed now to rbom-
bular ones, as,

The lozenge, a figure that has equal sides and unequal angles, as the quarry of a
glass-window, placed erect point-ways ; the Latins say, lozenga facto; sutti ad mo-
dum lozangiorum in vitreis.

Menestrier says, " Lozange est une figure de quatre pointes, dont deux sont un
" peu plus etendues que les autres, et assisees sur une des pointes. C'est le rhombe
" des mathematiciens, et les quarreaux de vitres ordinaries en ont la figure."

Heralds tell us, that their use in armories came from the pavement of marble
stones, of churches, fine palaces, and houses, cut after the form of lozenges ;
which pavements the French and Italians call loze, and the Spaniards lozas ; and,
when in arms, are taken for marks of honourable descent from some noble house.
Sylvester Petra Sancta says the same, when he treats of lozenges, which he calls,
" Scutulas oxigonias seu acutangulas erectas, &• quasi gradiles, referri debere ad
" latericias &• antiquas domus olim, viz. nobilium quia vulgus, &. infamise sortis
" homines, intra humiles casas vel antra inhabitantur."

Some latin them in blazon, lozengias, rbombos, as Uredus ; and rhombulos, as
Camden ; they are said by Sir George Mackenzie to be symbols of exact honesty
and constancy, being figures whose right sides are always highest.

When there is but one lozenge in the field, and that it touches the four sides of
the shield, which is not ordinary with us) it is called a grand lozenge ; and the
field that is seen a vestu, as in the arms of PUTED, in France, azure, a grand
lozenge or, charged with a crescent of the first ; this by Menestrier, d'or vestu
d'azur, au croissant de meme; here the angles of the shield is the vestu, fig. 10.
And in his blazon of the arms of CARRARA, in Venice, " coupe d'argent et
" d'azur, vestu de 1'un a 1'autre, ou coupe d'argent et d'azur, a une grande
" lozenge, de 1'un a 1'autre aboutissante aux quatre flancs de 1'ecu," i. e. parted
per fesse, argent and azure, a grand lozenge counter-changed of the same. As
fig. ii.

When the lozenge touches not the sides of the shield, and when more than one
are placed on it, as 2 and i, as in other figures which accompany or charge ordi-
naries, they are only called lozenges ; of which I shall add some examples.

STRANG of Balcaskie, argent, a cheveron- sable, ensigned on the top with
a cross patee azure, between three lozenges of the second. Font's Manuscript.
Fig. 12.

JOHN STRANG, Merchant and Citizen in London, descended of BALCASKJE, car-
ries the same; but, for difference, makes the cheveron waved ; and, for crest, a
cluster of wine grapes ; with the motto, Dulce quod utile. L. R.

The surname of DALRYMPLE carries, for their armorial figures, lozenges. There
was an ancient family of this name, in the shire of Ayr, who possessed the barony
of Dalrymple, which John and Roland de Dalrymples did possess ; and their heirs
made over the same to Sir John Kennedy in the year 1378.

There was another family of this name, in the reign of Robert III. designed of
Ingliston, as is evident by an obligation, from James de Dalrymple of Inglis>ton and
Anniston, to Sir Robert Stewart of Durresdier, his superior ; wherein he obliges
himself, and his heirs, not to build a corn-mill in the abovenamed lands, as the

OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES.

obligation bears, dated at Perth the 2Oth of April 1402. Which obligation is in
ID y custody for the present, to which his seal of arms is appended, being of red
wax, upon white ; and thereupon a shield couche, charged with a saltier lozenge,
(or as some say, eight lozenges in saltier) and in chief a buckle ; which last figure,
I take to be a sign of his vassallage to the STEWARTS of Durresdier, who carried
buckles, as descended of the STEWARTS of Bonkill : The shield is also honourably
trimmed with helmet, capelon, and wreath ; upon which is a hart's head, for
crest ; supporters, two lions gardant, and the legend round the seal S. Jacobi Dal-
rymple. Which seal is cut in the Plate of Achievements.

The same James Dalrymple was Cler'tcus Regis Roberti III. as by a charter of
that king's (also in my hands), Dilecto Nepoti nostro Thom<z de Dishington, Jilio y
baeredi Willielmi de Disbington mihti, of the lands of Kinbrachmount : Which
charter ends thus, " Testibus clarissimo fratre nostro Waltero Coinite de Catness,
" Johanne Sennsical de Achengowan, filio meo naturali, Johanne Barclay de Kip-
" pow, Alexandro Vans, Willielmo Pog Capellano nostro, Thoma de Lecky, St
" Jacobo de Dalrymple, clerico nostro, apud Lauchenan, 28th Nov. 1402, &.
" regnt nostri tertio decimo."

DALRYMPLE of Stair, or, on a saltier azure, nine mascles of the first. Pcnt's
Manuscript. This family had its rise, (as Mr Crawfurd, in his Peerage) from one
William Dalrymple, who married Agnes Kennedy, sole heir of the barony of Stair,
about the year 1450; from whom was lineally descended James Dalrymple of
Stair, who gave a beginning to the eminency of his family, being first a professor
of philosophy at Glasgow, and then an advocate; and, in anno 1658, was one of
the Senators of the College of Justice : In which office he continued after the Re-
storation of King Charles II. and by that king made baronet and President of the
Session. He was outed of that post 1681. His arms are matriculated in the Lyon
Register, the 2d of June 1664: Thus, Sir James Dalrymple of Stair, knight and
baronet, Lord President of the Session, bears two coats, quarterly, first and fourth
'/;-, on a saltier azure, nine lozenges of the first, as his paternal coat, for Dalrymple;
second and third or, a cheveron cheque, sable and argent, betwixt three water-
budgets of the second, for the name of Ross ; crest, a rock, proper : motto, Allies-
cam. Upon the Revolution, in the year 1689, he was restored to his post, as Pre-
sident of the Session; and afterwards, in the year 1690, by letters patent, he was
made Viscount of Stair. He died the 25th of November 1695. He had for his
wife, Margaret, eldest daughter and heir of JAMES Ross of Balneel, and marshalled
her arms with his own, as in the above blazon. Their eldest son, Sir John Dal-
rymple, was Lord Advocate, in the year 1682. And in the year 1692, he w;is
made one of the Principal Secretaries of State, and succeeded his father in the
title of Viscount of Stair ; and afterwards was raised to the honour of the Earl
of Stair, in the year 1703. He died 1707. He had for wife, Elizabeth Dundas,
daughter and heir of Sir John Dundas of Newliston, with whom he had issue, John
Earl of Stair, his successor, Colonel William Dalrymple of Glenmure, George
Dalrymple, one of the Barons of Exchequer, and a daughter, Margaret, married to
Hugh Earl of Loudon.

The achievements of the Earl of STAJR, are, quarterly, first and fourth or, on a
saltier azure, nine lozenges of the first, for Dalrymple ; second and third or, a che-
vercn cheque, sable and argent, betwixt three water-budgets of the second, for Ross ;
and over all, by way of surtout, an escutcheon argent, charged with a lion rampant.
gules, for Dundas ; supporters, two storks, proper ; crest, a rock, proper : motto,
Juries cam.

Sir HUGH DALRYMPLE of North-Berwick, Baronet, and Lord President of the
Session, third son of James Viscount of Stair, and his lady, Margaret Ross, carries
for arms, as matriculated in the Lyon Register, or, on a saltier azure, betwixt two
water-budgets in the flanks sable, nine lozenges of the first ; crest, a rock, proper :
motto, Firm, supported on the dexter by a lion gardant gules, and, on the sinister,
by a falcon, proper. See Plate of Achievements.

HYDE Earl of CLARENDON, Viscount CORNBURY, and Lord Baron HYDE of Hin -

don, azure, a cheveron between three lozenges or, thus latined by ImhofT, " Hey-

' dence digna, cantherium aureum in scuto coeruleo, inter tres rhombulos priores

" metalli interpositum represcntat." This ancient and noble family descends from

OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES,

Sir ROBERT HYDE of Hyde, in Com. Chest, living in the reign of Henry III. of
whom was descended Sir EDWARD HYDE, who manifested his loyalty and fidelity
to King Charles I. and was made Chancellor of his Majesty's Exchequer, and after-
wards one of his Privy Council ; and was Secretary of State to King Charles II.
when abroad, and after his Majesty's Restoration he was raised to the degrees of dig-
nity as above. By the command of King Charles II. he wrote that excellent work
called the History of the Rebellion ; which is, and will be a living instance of his
great abilities. He held the office of Lord Chancellor till the year 1667, at which
time, upon some disgust taken against him, he retired into France, and there died
1674. He left three sons and two daughters behind him, the eldest Henry Earl
of Clarendon ; the second, Laurence, was made Earl of Rochester by King
Charles II. 1682, who carries the foresaid arms, with a crescent, for a brotherly
difference : The third son, James, was drowned on board the Gloucester Frigate,
attending his Royal Highness the Duke of Albany and York into Scotland. Hi -,
eldest daughter, Lady A«ne, married to his Royal Highness the Duke of Albany
and York, afterwards King of England ; and his second daughter, Lady Frances,
married to Thomas Knightly of Hartingfordbury in Corn. Hertford, Esq.

FIELDING Earl of DENBIGH, argent, on a fesse azure, three lozenges or, for the
paternal bearing of the ancient family of FIELDING, descended of the Earls of
HAPSBURG, who were Counts Palatine in Germany : As appears by a letter of
attorney, made by Jeffrey Fielding, in the pth year of the reign of Edward II.
wherein he calls himself, Filius Galfridi Comitis de Hapsburg, &c. of whom was
lineally descended William Fielding, who was knighted by King Henry VIII. and
his successor. Another William was knighted by King James I. of Great Britain,
and in the 8th year of the same king's reign advanced to the dignity of a baron
of the realm of England, as also Viscount Fielding there ; and in the year ensuing
was made Earl of Denbigh. He married Mary, daughter to Sir George Villiers of
Ikockesby, son to George Duke of Buckingham ; she bore to him two sons,
Basil, who succeeded his father in his honours, and George, the second son, who
was created Lord Fielding of Caghe in Ireland, as also, Viscount Callan, and Earl of
Desmond, by King James I. She likewise had four daughters, the eldest married to
James Marquis of Hamilton in Scotland, afterwards Duke of Hamilton.

MONTAGU Earl of MONTAGU, descended of EDWARD MONTAGU, who was first
dignified with the title of Lord Montagu by King James I. of Great Britain, the
29th of June 1621, carries argent, three lozenges in fesse gules, within a bordure
sahle. And the same is carried by Montagu Earl of Manchester, and Montagu
Earl of Sandwich, with the addition of a crescent and a mullet, as brotherly dif-
ferences of the same family.

Some of the name of ALLEN in England, argent, three lozenges sable, 2, and I.

The name of LILBURN, sable, three lozenges argent.

FREEMAN in Northampton, azure, three lozenges argent, 2, and i.

The surname of CRISPIN in England, gules, ten lozenges argent, 4, 3, 2 and i,
as in Morgan's Heraldry, fig. 13.

When the field or any other charge is filled with lozenges alternately of metal
and colour, (as cheque, of which before) they are then blazoned lozenge.

" Lozenge," says Menestrier, " se dit de 1'ecu et figures couverte's des lozenges,"
/. c. when the field or any other figure is covered with lozenges, as in the bearing
of CAON in France, lozenge, gules and or : The Latins ordinarily say, Plintheis sen
rbcr-'iitlis repletus (sen ififcrstinctus') clypeus, i. e. lozengy, argent and gules, by' the
family of CUDENHAM in Norfolk ; and the same was carried by FITZWILLIAMS, some-
time Earl of SOUTHAMPTON. Fig. 14.

When the field or figure is so covered with lozenges erect, we say only lozengy ;
but if they incline diagonally to the right or left, we say lozengy in bend or bar ;
and if they be horizontal in fesse, as Sylvester Petra Sancta suy-, " Hi rhombi
" tcsserarii, quundo scuti symbolici universam paginam replenr, aut instar ta^cia> urn
" sunt erecti, aut proni & obliqui more balteorum :" For examples he gives us
first, lozengy in fesse, or and gules. The arms of BIAMONTI and GRAOVI in I 'lander ,
and the arms of BAVARIA, lozengy in bend, argent and azure ; the French call
these lozenges, fusils, as Menestrier in his blazon of the arms of BAVARIA, fusile
en bande, d' argent et d'azur ; of fusils afterwards. When the lozenges incline to

208 OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES.

the left, they are said to be in bend sinister, or bar, as the arms of CONINGSECK in
the Empire, given us by Sylvester Petra Sancta, loze.ngy or and gules, in bend,
sinister.

OF THE RUSTRE.

THIS is a lozenge pierced round in the middle, so that the field appears through
it ; named rustre by the French, and by the Germans, rutten ; which some wiij
have represent the button at the end of lances, used in tiltings and tournaments ;
and so is an armorial figure from these noble and manly exercises. Others will
have rustre to represent a piece of iron of that form, which is sometimes interposed
between the heads of nails fixed on ports of cities and castles ; Menestrier gives
us an example of them in the arms of LEBARET in France, argent, three rustres
azure, as fig. 15.

Sylvester Petra Sancta observes, that these figures are very seldom used if*
Germany and Italy ; his words are, " Rhombi tesserarii, nempe in orbem pertusi,
" rariores obveniunt in gentilitiis parmulis :" I have never met with them nor
their name in British Armories. Sir George Mackenzie observes, that we and the
English call such muscles ; and to distinguish them, would call them mascles pierced
round, instead of rustres.

MASCLE OR MACLE

Is a lozenge voided of the field ; that is, when the middle part of the lozenge js
evacuate or cut out after a square form, like a lozenge, and so differs from rustre,
which is pierced with a small round hole. " Macle," says Menestrier, " Est uue
u maille de cuirasse, ou lozange, ouverte et percee en lozange."

The Mascle has not only been anciently, but frequently carried in arms all
Europe over. Heralds make it to represent different things ; as first, the eye, or
ring to fasten a coat of mail, and so a piece of armour fit for a military badge.

Others with Sir John Feme will have it to represent the mash of a net, and
Latin it macula ; and some add the word cassium or retium macula, signifying that,
the first assumer of it had been prudent and politic in military affairs. And our
author instances the seven mascles granted by King William II. of England, to
William Roumare, (who, in evidents and writs, is called de rubro mart) for his
military conduct and bravery in the Holy Land agairut the Saracens. Some again
more particularly tell us, that the mascles borne by the house of Rohan in France,
viz. gules, nine macles, three, three and three, or, fig. 16. are upon the account,
that all the carps and flint-stones of that duchy are marked with figures like the
mascle so called there ; for which singularity, the Dukes of that country take ma-
cles for their armorial figures, with a motto relative to them, viz. Sine macula
mad a. Sir George Mackenzie, in his Science of Heraldry, thinks, that macles
look like mirrors, and upon that account are carried by the name of PURVES with
us, deriving the name from the French word Pouruoir, to see. In whatever sense
the mascle may be taken, it is, as I said before, an ancient and frequent armorial
figure all Europe over.

ROBERT QUINCY who came over with William the Conqueror, and got many
lands in England by that King's favour, carried gules, seven mascles, three, three,
and ons, or. Some of his issue I shall here mention, since they had considerable
interests and employments in Scotland.

One Robert de putney is witness in a charter of confirmation of the lands of
Seaton, Winton, and Winchburgh, by King William, to Alexander Seaton, son
of Philip de Seaton ; (the principal charter I have had in my custody, and several
others, where this Robert de ^uincy is a witness). His son was Sierus de ^iiincy,
who was likewise a witness in the charters of King William, and was designed
Earl of Winchester in England. The occasion of their being in Scotland with
other English was, their being enemies to King John of England, and, in conjunc-
tion with William King of Scotland for setting up Lewis, the eldest son of France,

OF THE SUB-ORDIXARI1

je King of England, and to dethrone King John; but atler

Henry 111. by the conduct of RALPH, Earl' : . defeated the French Lewis,

and his confederates the Scots and English in a battle at Lincoln ; the English
who escapdd came to Scotland, amongst whom were the CUiincys, who got several
lands, and married with the best families there.

ROGER QHINCY, Earl of WINCHESTER, was High Constable of Scotland in right
of his wife, the eldest daughter of ALLAN of Galloway, High Constable; as i-
evident by many charters with us, to which I have seen appended their seals of
arms, which were of an equestrian form, and on the shield, seven mascles, three,
three, and one. Thefse of this name were worn out afterwards, for joining with
the Baliols against the Bruce.

The name of WEAPONT or VIPONT, in old writs de Vetere Ponte, carried for arm--.
azure, six mascles, three, two, and one, (some books make the field gulesS) These
of this name anciently possessed great estates in Scotland ; the Mortimers got the
lands of Aberdour in Fife, by marrying Anicia, daughter and heiress Domini
Joannis dc Vetere Ponte, anno sec undo Regni Davidis 1126. For which see Sir Ro-
bert Sibbald's History of Fife. And in the Register of Kelso, Fol. 53. there is
a. charter of William de Vetere Ponte, confirming a prior deed of Roger de Ov, of
the church of Lunton to the abbacy of Kelso. The charter appears to have been
granted in the reign of King William, for it bears, Pro salute dominorum nieorum
Regis Millie/mi, & eorum filii Alexandra. The same William de Vetere Ponte gives
donations to the abbacy of Holyroodhouse, out of the barony of Carriden in West-
Lothian. His successors retained the possession of the lands of Langton in the
Merse and Carriden in Lothian, till Sir William Weapont was killed fighting vali-
antly for King Robert the Bruce, at the battle of Bannockburn, against the
English, 1314. Afterwards these lands came to the COCKBURNS, now of Langton,
upon marrying the heiress of WEAPONT of Langton ; for which the Cockburns ot
Langton have ever since been in use to quarter the arms of Weapont with their
own ; gules, six mascles, three, two, and one, or ; and these mascles are carried by
other families, upon account of their descent from the Weaponts, as the KERS of
Roxburgh and Lothian ; of whom before.

The surname of PURVES, argent, on a fesse azure, between three mascles gules,
as many cinquefoils of the first. Font's Manuscript.

When the PURVESES assumed the mascles, representing mirrors, as equivocally
relative to their name, as Sir George Mackenzie fancies, I know not ; but an-
ciently they had no such figure, as by the seal of one William Pur-voys de Mos-
pennach, appended to a charter of his, about the end of King William's reign,
granting to the Monks of Melrose a free passage through his lands of Mospennoch.
The seal thereto appended was entire (which I see in the custody of William
Wilson, one of the Under-Clerks of the Session), and after an oval form, and had
no shield upon it ; but in the middle was a very rude and irregular figure, which
I cannot name : It is true, there were several families who lived about Earlston,
in the west eud of the shire of Berwick, and the east end of Tev iotdale, who car-
ried mascles, as the PURVESES and LEARMONTS.

The eminentest family of late, of the name of PURVES, is that of Sir WILLIAM
PURVES of that Ilk, in 'the shire of Berwick, fig. 17. azure,, on a fesse between
three mascles urgent, as many cinquefoils of the first ; crest, the sun rising out of
a cloud, proper ; with the motto, Ciarior e tenebris. New Register.

The surname of BETUUNE or BEATON, anciently with us, azure, a fesse between
three mascles or : I know that our modern books call lliem lozenges, and our old
books wasclcs or lozenges voided, which is the same with mascle. As for the anti-
quity of the family, 1 have met with Robert de Set/June, witness in a charter of Ro-
gents dc ®tiincy, in the reign of King William, to Sayerus de Scion, of an annuity
of the mill and mill-lands of Tranent ; and afterwards David de Ettbune miles, about
the year 1296, and Alexander ds Betbuiif, is mentioned in the parliament held at
Cambnskcimeth, the 6th of November 1314, in the ist year of the reign of King
Robert I. Robertas de Betbune, fainiliarms Regis Roberii II. married the daughter
and heiress of Sir JOHN BALFOUR of that Ilk, and with her got the lands of Balfour
in Fife ; for which the family has been designed since, BETKUNE of Balfour :
Which being the principal seat of the family, yet they retained the name of Be-

zro OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES.

thune, and quartered the arms of Balfour with their own, viz. quarterly, first and
fourth azure, a fesse between three mascles or, (as I observed before, they are
called lozenges, especially in the New Register) second and third argent, on a
cheveron sable, an otter's head erased of the first, for Balfour ; supporters, two
otters, proper ; and an otter's head for crest, with the word Debonnaire : Of this
family there were several eminent learned men, as James Bethune, Archbishop of
St Andrew's, Chancellor of Scotland 1518 ; David Bethune, his nephew, was
Archbishop of St Andrew's upon his death, and created Cardinal by Pope Paul III.
and Bishop of Mirepoix by the French King; and Chancellor of Scotland 1522, till
1549. James Bethune, his nephew, was elected Archbishop of Glasgow, and
carried the foresaid quartered arms, as did David the cardinal ; supported by two
men in priestly habits ; yet to be seen on his lodging in the foot of Blackfriar's
Wynd.

BETHUNE of Creigh, another goodly family in Fife of that name, was a younger
son of Bethune of Balfour, in the reign of King James IV. and carried the foresaid
quartered arms, with a cinquefoil, for difference.

JANET BETHUNE, a daughter of Sir DAVID BETHUNE of Creigh, then his Majesty's
High Comptroller, was married to James Earl of Arran, Lord Hamilton. She
bore to him James Earl of Arran, his successor, and a daughter, Helen, who was
married to Archibald Earl of Argyle, and Jane, to the Earl of Glencairn : This
family continued till of late, and the estate is now united to that of Bethune of
Balfour.

DAVID BETHUNE of Bandon, descended of a second son of BETHUNE of Balfour,
carries the quartered arms of that family, within a bordure or ; crest, an otter's
head, couped argent. Lyon Register.

JOHN BETHUNE of Blebo, whose father was a fourth brother of the House of Bal-
four, carries the quartered arms of that family, but takes the fesse cheque, in the
first and fourth quarters, for his maternal descent of the house of Lindsay ; with
the crest and motto of the family. Lyon Register.

ALEXANDER BETHUNE of Longhermiston, whose father was a -second brother of
Bethune of Balfour, quarterly, first and fourth azure, a fesse cheque, argent and
gules, between three mascles or ; second and third argent, on a cheveron sable, a
selch's head erased of the first, all within a bordure indented or : His daughter and
heiress, Grissel Bethune, was married to William M'Dowal of Garthland, so men-
tioned and matriculated in the New Register.

JAMES BETHUNE of Nether-Tarvit, descended of Cardinal Bethune, and Mary
Ogilvie, daughter to the Lord Ogilvie. Their son was Alexander Bethune, Arch-
dean of Lothian, and Laird of Carsgouny, who turned Protestant, and married :
Of whom is descended Mr THOMAS BETHUNE of Nether-Tarvit, quarterly, first
and fourth azure, on a fesse, between three lozenges or, a betune leaf slipped vert,
as relative to the name of Bethune ; second and third Balfour, as before ; crest, a
physician's quadrangular cap, proper : motto, Resolutio cant a. N. R.

I observed before, that some of the name of BETHUNE have lozenges instead of
. mascles, and that some have been in use to add a betune leaf on the fesse, as re-
lative to the name.

WARDLAW of that. Ilk, azure, three mascles or, fig. 18. This surname Hector Boece
places amongst the first of surnames in Scotland, in the reign of Malcolm III.

WARDLAW of Tony carried as the former : 1 have seen the seal of Henry Ward-
law of Tony appended to his charter, granted by him to ALEXANDER Lord HOME
Oreat Chamberlain of Scotland, in the year 1455 '•> which seal of arms had only
rhree mascles, 2 and i ; but afterwards that family was in use to quarter them with
the arms of VALANCE, viz. azure, three water-budgets or, upon the account that
the family matched with one of the co-heirs of Sir James Valange, and got with
her Wester-Lochore in Fife : Of this family were two bishops of the name of
WARDLAW with us.

Sir HENRY WARDLAW of Pitrevie, Baronet, as descended, it seems, of this family,
carried the quartered coa't thereof ; and for crest, a star ; with the motto, Faniilias
fit-mat pittas. Lyon Register.

WAXDLAW of Riccarton, azure, on a fesse argent, between three mascles or, as
many crescents of the first, (some say gules} Font's Manuscript. In a charter of

OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES.

ALEXANDER FORRESTER, of Corstorphine to his son Archibald, of the lands of CK
uifiton, nth October 1464, amongst the witncs-rs i> John \Varulu\v of K
In the year 1509, Walter Wardlaw of Ricc;irton resigns the lands of Piicstlk-1.:.
proprietor thereof, in favours of Walter Chapman bur^c,- in Edinburgh : '!
family is now extinct.

WARDLAW of Warriston, azure, on a fesse, between three- muscles r,i , u
gules.

BLAIR of that Ilk, an ancient family in the shire of Ayr, argent, on a s;i
sable, nine mascles of the first.

WILLIAM i'.c BLAIR, in anno 1205, is mentioned in a contract of agreement be-
twixt RALPH de EGLINTON and the village of Irvine, which is in the Charter-Che if
of the borough of Irvine. And in a charter of King Alexander 111. to the abL
of Dunfermline, William de Blair is a witness.

JOHN BLAIR of that Ilk gets a charter from King David Bruce of the lands of
Airdblair, (as in Haddington's Collections.) From this family of Blair the land*
of Bogton came to Sir ADAM BLAIR of Bogton, nephew of BRYCE BLAIR of that
Ilk, (History of Renfrew.) The family of Blair have had inter-marriages with
many honourable families, as Hamilton, Glencairn, Semple, &-c. And there are
few families of any note in the western shires that are not related to them.

The present WILLIAM BLAIR of that Ilk disponed his estate of Blair in favours
of his only son John, reserving to himself a liferent. His son, John Blair, died
without issue, and his sister Magdalen succeeded him. She married Mr WILLIAM
SCOTT, Advocate, second son of JOHN SCOTT of Malleny, and to him she bore a
son. He takes upon him the name and arms of Elair, which he quarters with
Scott, viz. first and fourth argent; on a saltier sable, nine mascles of the first, for
Blair ; second and third or, on a bend azure, a star between two crescents of the
field, and in base, an arrow bend-ways, proper, feathered, headed, and barbed
argent-, crest, a stag lodged, .proper : motto, Amo prsbas ; which are the arms of
Scott of Malleny, of which before, as in the Plate of Achievements.

The cadets of this family, with arms, that I have met with in our old and mo-
dern books of bla/ons, are these,

BLAIR of Adington or Adamton, argent, on a saltier ingrailed sable, five mas-
cles of the first. Font's Manuscript. And sometimes a saltier and a chief- sable,
the last charged with three mascles. W. M.

BLAIR of the Carse, as descended of BLAIR of that Ilk, argent, on a bend sable,
three mascles of the first. Ibid.

JAMLS BLAIR of Milgerholme, sometime Provost of Irvine, argent, on a saltier,
betwixt two crescents in the flanks, and garb in base sable, five mascles of the
first : motto, Cod be our guide. Lyon Register.

• GILBERT BLAIR, sometime Dean of Guild of Aberdeen, argent, a saltier sable,
betwixt a mullet in chief, and a crescent in base of the last : motto, NOH crux, sed
lux. Lyon Register.

The surname of PITCAIRN, argent, three mascles gules; as in Pont's Manuscript:
But in our New Register they are called lozenges.

PITCAIRN of that Ilk, quarterly, first and fourth argent, three lozenges gules.
called) second and third argent, an eagle with wings displayed sable, for RAMSAY :
They got the lands of Forthar by marrying the heiress : From which lands the
family is now designed. And the lands of Pitcairn went on" uith> a younger son,
of whom was lineally descended ALEXANDER PITCAIKX of Pitcairn, who curried the
same quartered arms of PITCAIRN of that Ilk and Forthar, within a bordure in-
grailed gules; crest, a moon in her complement, proper: motto, Plena refulgct.
Lyon Register. Whicli family was represented by that learned and eminent phy-
sician ARCHIBALD Pn CAIRN of that Ilk, who carries the arms of PITCAIRN only,
within a bordure ermine.

WILLIAM PITCAIRN of Pitlour, quarterly, first and fourth ardent, three lozenges,
2 and i gules, for PITCAIRN ; second and third azure, a chevcron between three-
crescents argent ; crest, an anchor in pale azure : motto, Sperabo. Lyon Re-
gister.

PITCAIRN of Dreghorn, argent, three lozenges, within a bordure gules ; as in the
Plate of Achievements.

212 OF THE SUB-ORDIN ARILS.

The surname of TINDAL, in the year 1484, says Sir James Baltbur, carried azure,
two mascles in fesse or.

The name of TRAIL, argent, on a fesse gules, between three cross croslets fitched
azun; as many mascles or. Font's Manuscript.

The first of this name is said to have come from Tyrol in Germany, from
whence the name, by corruption TRAIL.

There was one HUGH TRAIL, in the reign of Robert III. who defeat an English
champion in a tournament at Berwick, as our histories acquaint us.

WALTER TRAIL, Bishop of St Andrews, eminent both in the church and state,
in the reign of King Robert III. purchased the lands of Blebo ; which he gave
to his nephew TRAIL of Blebo, who carried azure, a cheveron between two mas-
cles in chief or, and a trefoil slipped in base argent. Balfour's Manuscript.

ROBERT TRAIL, Merchant in Edinburgh, descended of the family of BLEBO,
azure, a cheveron between two mascles in chief, and a trefoil slipped in base,
within a bordure waved argent ; crest, a column, or pillar, set in the sea, proper :
motto, Discrimine salus. Lyon Register.

The surname of PHILPS, argent, a cheveron gules, between three mascles sable.
Balfour's Manuscript.

JAMES PHILPS of Amrycloss in Angus, azure, a cheveron between three talbot
heads, couped argent ; in the New Register.

The surname of MITCHELL, sable, a fesse between six mascles or. Workman's
Manuscript. And in Font's Manuscript, sable, a fesse between three mascles
argent ; and these families following, of the name, in the New Register, are,

ALEXANDER MITCHELL of Mitchell, Writer to the Signet, sometime designed of
Craigend, viz. sable, a fesse betwixt three mascles, two and one or ; and in the
middle chief, a dagger erected, point upward, proper, handled of the second, all
within a bordure argent, charged with eight cinquefoils g ules ; crest, a hand hold-
ing a writing pen, proper ; and for motto, Favente Deo ; as yi fhe Flate of Achieve-
ments.

He married ALISIA LIVINGSTON, daughter and heiress of WILLIAM LIVINGSTON of
Parkhall, grandchild and representative of JOHN LIVINGSTON, sometime designed
of BALDARROW, and after of HAINING, brother of LIVINGSTON of Kilsyth.

ALEXANDER LIVINGSTON, now of Parkhall, eldest son of the above ALEXANDER
MITCHELL, and ALISIA LIVINGSTON, as representative of the said family, bears the
name and arms of LIVINGSTON, with a suitable difference, of which in another
place.

DAVID MITCHELL of Wester-Newbirnie, sable, a fesse invected between three
mascles or : motto, Omnia superat diligentia.

ANDREW MITCHELL of Filligrige, Merchant in Aberdeen, sable, a fesse waved
between three mascles or : motto, Secura frugalitas.

JOHN MITCHELL of Barry, descended of the family of BANDRETH, sable, a fesse
between three mascles or, within a bordure cheque of the second and first ; crest,
three ears of barley conjoined in the stalk, proper : motto, Sapiens qui assiduus.

Mr JOHN MITCHELL of Landath, sable, a fesse ingrailed between three mascles or:
motto, Labor iinprobus omnia vincit.

DON of Teath, vert, on a fesse argent between three crescents of the last, as
many mascles sable. Font's Manuscript.

Sir ALEXANDER DON of Newton, Baronet, vert, on a fesse argent, three mascles
.(able; crest, a pomegranate, proper: motto, No/i decrit alter aureus. New Register
and Plate of Achievement.

PATRICK. DON, Baillie of Kelso, brother to the said Sir ALEXANDER DON of
Newton, the same within a bordure argent, for a brotherly difference. Lyon
Register.

The name of LISK, argent, three mascles azure, and on a chief gules, as many
mascles of the first. Font's Manuscript.

DALEMPIT of Lackleid, argent, on a saltier ingrailed sable, nine mascles of the
first. Font's Manuscript. And there the surname of

St MICHAEL of Blackwater, sable , on a bend argent; between six mascles or,
three cushions of the last. Font's Manuscript.

St MICHAEL of Bramson, argent, a cheveron between three cushions sable,
B. M.

OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES. 213

The name of BASSENDEN, gules, on a cheveron argent, between three mullets or,
as many mascles azure. Font's Manuscript.

And there these of the name of NICOL, azure, a fesse between six mascles
argent.

In England, CATERALL of Holderness, in Yorkshire, sable, three mascles argent.
Morgan's Heraldry. And there,

WHITAKER, sable, three mascles or.

CARLETON of Ampthill, in Bedfordshire, argent, on a bend sable, three mascles of
the first; the same are given by Mr Gibbon, to DUDLEY, Lord CARLETON of Ember-
court, in Surry, (Viscount Dorchester in the county of Oxford) which he latins thus,
" CMJ! gestavitin scuto argenteo, teniam obliquam nigram, tribus metalli prirni im-
" pressam maculis." He says, because of the various significations of macula, it were
not amiss to add cassitan and rctium, to maculis, which he takes to represent the mashes
of a net ; and, in another sense, he latins them rhombulos evacuates, i. e. lozenges
voided.

FUSIL and FUSILLY.

THE fusil is another rhombular figure like the lozenge, but more long than broad,
and its upper and lower points are more acute and sharp than the two side points.
Chassanus, with others, makes their sides round, as in his description of them,
" Fusas sunt acutae in superiore &- inferiore partibus &• rotundae ex utroque latere;"
which description has occasioned some English heralds, when so painted or en-
graven, to call them miller's picks, as John '-Boswell, in his Concord of Armory,
Fol. ir. and others, to call them weaver's shuttles; but the French make their side
angles more acute than round, and to-represent spindles. Menestrier says, " Fuse'es
" sont plus entendues en longueur que les lozanges et affile'es en pointe, comme les
" fuseaux, elles ont pieces d'architecture, ou bon se sert pour ornement de fusees et
" de pesons," and gives us the arms of Loquet in Artois, " Porte d'azur a trois fusees
" d'or, acollees en face," »'. e. azure, three fusils in fesse or.

Sylvester Petra Sancta says, " Fusi ex ingenio & opificio muliebri petantur,"
and that women's shields are after this form, upon which are placed their paternal
figures, of which before in the chapter of Shields. For fusil, the ancients used
the words, fusilhts, fusa, and fusus ; according to the last, Mr Gibbon blazons the
arms of MONTAGU Earl of MANCHESTER, " Scutum argenteum cum ternis fusis coc-
" cineis in loco fasciae dispositis, limbo nigro circumducto," i. e. argent, three fusils
in fesse gules, bordure sable ; of which, speaking before, I gave them as lozenges,
from other English writers, who take the one for the other, as they are painted or
engraven, longer or shorter.

With us, LEITH of Restalrig, argent, five fusils in fesse sable ; some say argent,
2. fesse fusilly sable, as Sir George Mackenzie in the chapter of the Bar.

LEITH of Overhall, or, a cheveron between three fusils azure ; crest, a turtle-
dove, proper: motto, Semper Jidus. Fig. 19.

LEITH of Leithhall, or, a cross croslet fitched sable, between three crescents in
chief, and as many fusils in base gule s ; crest, a cross croslet fitched sable : motto,
Trusty to the end.

LEITH of Craighall, descended of LEITH of Harthill, or, a cross croslet fitcbe
sable, between two crescents in chief gules, and in base, three fusils, 2 and i
azure, all within a bordure of the third : motto, Trusty and bydand. New Regis-
ter. As fig. 20.

These of the surname of DANIEL, argent, five fusils in pale sable, and, as some
say, a pale fusilly sable. Balfour's Manuscript. And there the name of LAM-
BERTON, in the reign of King James IV. carried sable, a star between three fusils
argent, 2 and i.

LAMBERTONS of that Ilk were ancient in the Merse ; and are frequently met
with as witnesses in charters granted by our old kings, David I. and King William,
to the Church of Durham, and Abbacy of Coldingham.

WILLIAM LAMBERTON was Bishop of St Andrews in the time of the Competition
for the Crown of Scotland, by the Bruce and the Baliol: He adhered to the former,

3 H

2i4 OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES.

and set out his cousin, good Sir James Douglas, with all necessaries to assist King
Robert the Bruce.

The name of SHAW, argent, a cheveron between three fusils erminois, so carried
by SHAW of Eltham, in Kentshire, Baronet ; as in the Art of Heraldry, a little
book lately set out.

When the field is filled all over with fusils, alternately of metal and colour, it
is then said to be fusilly ; the Latins, fusilatum ; or thus, fits is aureis 1st aeruleis
interstinctum, i. e. fusilly or and azure, the arms of the ancient kingdom of Aus-
trasia.

DUEBECK., an ancient family in Normandy, fusilly, argent and gules, the French
blazon fusele ff argent, et de gueules ; the same arms are borne by the GRIMALDI de
Monaco in Genoa.

As I said before of the lozenges, so now of the fusils, that when the field or
any figure is filled with them, being erected in pale, they are then only blazoned
fusilly; but, when they are horizontally, fusilly in fosse, or in bur; if diagonally to
the left, in bend-sinister, and according to the French, bar-ways; and when diago-
nally to the right, in bend ; for an example, I here give the arms of the Princes of
BAVARIA in the Empire, fig. 21. which the French blazon thus, Fusele en bande
d? argent et d'azur dc vingt-et-une pieces, qui est de Earner ; here the French num-
ber the fusils ; but it is not usual with us to tell their number when there are so
many, and the shield filled with them ; we only say, fusilly in bend-dexter, argent
and azure.

The Prince PALATINE of the RHINE, Elector, the Duke of BAVARIA, Elector,
the Duke of DEUX FONTS and of NEWBURG, as descended from one stem. The
house of BAVARIA carry the same arms, but differently disposed or marshalled,
viz. the Elector of BAVARIA has three coats in distinct escutcheons, two acolle
joined together, and one below. On the first, tha arms of the PALATINATE, viz. sable ,
a lion rampant or, crowned and langued gules contourne, after the German fashion ;
looking to the other escutcheon of arms on the left, which is, fusilly in bend, argent
azure, for BAVARIA ; and, the third escutcheon below both, is gules, charged with
the imperial globes or, for the electorship.

The Prince PALATINE of the RHINE carries the same three armorial bearings,
otherwise marshalled in an escutcheon, viz. the PALATINATE, parti with BAVARIA,
and ente in base, the globe, as elector. Which way of marshalling I have spoke
to before in my Essay of the Ancient and Modern Use of Arms.

OF THE FRET, FRETTED, AND FRETTY.

I THOUGHT fit to treat of this figure here, because it is somewhat of kin to the
mascle; for it is said to he composed of a mascle and two battons, dexter and sinis-
ter, braced or interlaced together, as fig. 22.

Mr Thomas Crawfurd, in the Fragment of his Manuscript of Heraldry, now to
be met with, says, the fret is composed of a saltier and mascle, and is a badge of
fastness and fidelity, like a knot or tie of ribbons. The English, I find, take it so,
and call it the love knot ; and by some Harringtons knot, because carried by them
lor their armorial figure ; with the motto, Nodo firmo. But since it is borne by
other ancient and honourable families, it ought not to be appropriate to that family ;
and is called by some English heralds, heraldorum nodus amatorim, the heralds' love
knot ; because it is devised by them as an armorial figure ; and so Mr Gibbon blazons
the arms of HARRINGTON, Clypeum atrum heraldico veri amoris nodo impressum ar-
genteo \, e. sable, a fret argent, as fig. 22.

The family of MALTRAVERS, in England, sable, a fret or; the English, of old,
latined it, fretfum simplex ; and Imhoff, in the blazon of SPENCER Earl of SUN-
DERLAND, latins it, clatbrum, a grate or lattice.

With us, the surname of M'CULLOCH bears ermine, a fret gules.

Sir GODFREY M'CuLLocn of MYRTON, Knight and Baronet, ermine, a fret in-
grailed gules; crest, a hand throwing a dart, proper : motto, VI IS animo, as fig, 23.
Lyon Register.

OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES. 215

Sir HUGH M'CULLOCH of Pilton, ermine, a fret gules, as descended of M'CuL-
LOCH of CADBOL ; but our New Register makes the fret ingrailed, the same with
Myrton; and for crest, the little creature ermine; with the motto, Sine macula.

DANIEL FLEMING of Rydall in Westmoreland, gules, a fret urgent, and the same
by EDWARD FLEMING of Eustow, in Devonshire, as in the English books ; and in
the Dictionary of Arms, lately published, the arms of GLOUCESTER, or, a fret
sable.

Fretted or fretty is said when there are six, eight, or more pieces, such as, but-
tons saltier-ways^ which fill the field ; are so changed, the spaces of the field that
are left by them, formed like lozenges, and the fretty resembles a grate or lattice ;
but, in this, they differ, that the pieces of fretty are interchangeably passing one
over another, and under the other ; whereas, in grates or lattices, the pieces pass
entirely all over the other, sometimes pale -ways and bar-ways, and are al\\
nailed at their joints or meetings; whereas, fretty is always bend-dexter and bend-
sinister-ways, for fretted arms ; the ancients said anna frettata, and others, anna
clnthrata, or cancellata, i. e. latticed arms : as Uredus blazons the arms of WILLOUGHBY,
scutum aureum, clathris camlets, i. e. or, fretty azure ; but, Mr Gibbon, to distin-
guish fretty from latticed arms, blazons more distinctly the same arms of WIL-
LOUGHBY, or, fretty of eight pieces azure, thus, " Scutum aureum octonis bacillis
" coeruleis impressum obliquis (quatuor dextris totidem sinistris) qui alius super
" alium vicissim &- subter subalternatim interponitur ;" which handsomely distin-
guishes fretted arms from latticed ones, of which I shall add some examples of
the one and the other ; and first, of fretted arms.

ALEXANDER M'CuLLocn of Drummoral, descended of the family of Myrton,
ermine, fretty gules. Fig. 24.

JAMES M'CuLLocn of Muil, descended also of the family of Myrton, ermine,
fretty gules, within a bordure indented of the second, as in the New Register ;
but here the blazon does not tell how many pieces the fretty is made up of.

M'CuLLocH of Cardiness, ermine, fretty gules of eight pieces ; and on an escut-
cheon azure, three wolves' heads erased argent, as in Mr Font's Book of Blazons.

The surname of LAUDERDALE, of old, sable, fretty or; Workman's Manu'-^ript.

St AMOND, of old, or de Sancto Amondo, or, fretty sable, and on a chief of the
second, three besants of the first. B. M.

LYLE or L'IsLE, gules, fretty or ; some say gules a frett or. The first of this
name and family to be met with on record is WILLIAM L'!SLE, one of the wit-
nesses in the charter of foundation of the Monastery of Paisley, by Walter, High
Steward of Scotland, in the reign of Malcolm IV. anno 1164. These of this family
had very soon a local designation, as Le Isle Domini de Duchal, a barony in the
sheriffdom of Renfrew, in the reign of Alexander II. After the death of Alexan-
der III. in the unhappy competition for the crown betwixt the Bruce and the
Baliol, the family and surname of L'Isle were, as many others in the kingdom,
divided in their, loyalty ; for Sir Walter and Sir William L'Isle were firm for King
Robert the Bruce, and Sir Allan L'Isle was on the Baliol's side. Edward Baliol
made him Sheriff of the Isle of Bute, which some say was their ancient possession;
and from it came their name L'Isle, afterward named Lyle. He was also by that
Edward made Lord High Chamberlain of Scotland. Sir John de Isle Dominus de
Ducbal was in great favour with King David Bruce in the time of Edward Baliol's
usurpation, and got from King David, (as in Rotulis David 77.) a charter of the
barony of Boquhan in Stirlingshire ; he is there, and in other evidents, designed
Johannes de Lyle Dominus de Duckul, Miles. His son and successor John de Lyle
of Duchal married one of the co-heirs of the old Earls of Marr. His son and ac-
cessor Robert is styled Cbe'valitr de Duchal, being one of the hostages for King
James 1. as in Rymer's Fadera Anglia. UpQn the death of Alexander Stewart
Earl of Marr, he put in his claim as one of the heirs of the earldom of Marr, to
which he and the Lord Erskine should have succeeded by right and proximity of
blood, but King James I. took possession of it; as Fordan's Continuator
ftnno 1438, " Obiit Alexander Sewart, Comes de Mar, &- quia hastardus erat, Rex
" illi successit quamvis jure hoereditario Domini Erskine & Lyle successisse de-
" buissent." Both Robert de Lyle and the Lord Erskine, as having right to that
earldom, marshalled the arms of Marr. viz. azure, a bend betwixt six cross croslets

216 OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES.

filched or, in the first and fourth quarters, with their paternal arms, and which
have been continued by their successors.

ROBERT DE-LYLE was raised to the honour of a Peer, by the title of Lord LYLE,
by King James II. About the year 1446, he carried, as by our old books of bla-
zons, quarterly, first and fourth Marr, second and third Lyle, as above blazoned ;
for crest, a cock or, crested and barbed gules: motto, An I 'may ; supported by
two cats, proper.

The Lord LYLE'S family continued in a lineal male descent to the reign of
Queen Mary, when John Lord Lyle left a son James, who died without issue, and
a daughter, Jean Lyle, his heir, who was married to Sir NIEL MONTGOMERY of
Lainshaw, from whom is descended the present JAMES MONTGOMERY of Lainshaw,
Clerk to the Justiciary ; and as representative of the Lord LYLE, marshalls the
arms of that family with these of his own, as in the Plate of Achievements, of
which in another place. See Plate of Achievements for the nobility.

Many of the sons of this noble family went to England, France, and other
foreign places, where some of them came to be great men.

LYLE of Stonypeth, gules, fretty of six pieces or, with a mullet in chief for
difference. Font's Manuscript.

There are some of the name of LYLE or LYELL, in the north, who carry different
arms from those of Lyle above, as in our New Register; whose blazons I shall
here insert, lest I have not occasion afterwards ; and though their names seem to
be one, yet they are distinct and different families.

DAVID LYLE of Woodhead, descended of the family of Murthil, or, a cross azure,
between four cross patees fitched gules, within a border ingrailed of the second ;
crest, a swallow volant, proper : motto, Sedulo y Honeste.

JOHN LYLE of Murthil, or, a plain cross azure, between four crosses patee, fitched
gules ; crest, a dexter hand holding a sword erect, proper : motto, Fort non
ignavo.

THOMAS LYLE of Dysart, or, a plain cross azure, between four cross croslets
fitcbe gules ; crest, a dexter hand holding a sword erect, proper : motto, Tutela.

CHARLES CHEYNE of Chelsea, in the county of Middlesex, was created Lord
Cheyne, Viscount of Newhaven in Scotland, by King Charles II. and carried for
his paternal arms, cheque, or and azure, a fesse gules, fretted argent.

The surname of ABEL in England, vert, fretty argent, and a fesse gules, Kent's
Dictionary of Arms ; and there ALFORD of Northampton, gules, fretty ermine.

Arms latticed differ from fretted ones, as before shown ; and are called by the
French,, treille or treillisse, from which our word tirlace for a lattice ; these pieces
which make it are not interlaced with one another, as in the fretty, but lie straight
upon the undermost pieces, fixed with nails ; which, if of a different tincture, are
mentioned also in the blazon, as in the arms of BARDONENCHE en Dauphine, by
Menestrier, d1 argent treillisse de g ueules clone d'or, i. e. argent, a lattice or tirlace
gules, nailed or, fig. 25. Sir John Feme says, such arms were given to a French
Knight, and continued by his posterity, for taking Gundemarus, King of Burgun-
dy, prisoner in a battle, in the reign of Childebert, King of France. Which arms
he thus blazons, sable, a musion (a cat) or, opprest with a treillisse gules, clone
argent.

Before I end this chapter I cannot but give account what some say of the fretty,
who will have it to represent a flower garden ; especially when below the fretty,
and in the interstices of the field, there appear flowers, as in the arms of
GARDINER with us ; argent, on a fret of four pieces gules, as many hearts or, and
in every interstice, a rose of the second, as in Font's Manuscript.

Others again will have fretty to represent a net, as Guillim, who derives fretty
from rete, which signifies a net ; and especially when fishes appear under it, as
in the armorial bearings of some of the name of STURGEON in England; azure,
three sturgeons naissant or, surmounted of fretty of six pieces gules ; some say a
net gules, which Mr Gibbon thus latins, " Scutum coeruleum, tribus sturgionibus
" (altero alteri impositis) impressum aureis &• deinde filis sex rubeis reticulatum-."

When there are three or four, or more figures, proper or natural, placed one
over the other, and under the other alternately, then they are said to be fretted, as
in the bearing of the surname of TARBET,. argent, three turbot fishes fretted, pro-

OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES. 2 1 7

per, one fesse-ways, looking to the sinister, and two to the dexter chief and
think points ; Mackenzie's Heraldry, as fig. 26.

OF ROUND FIGURES, BESANTS AND TORTEAUXES.

ROUND figures, when of metal, are called besants ; when of colour, torteauxes ,
yet they have specific names with the English, of which immediately ; and then I
shall treat of bowls and annulets as armorial figures.

Besants represent, in armories, pieces of gold or silver, and have their name
from the city Byzantium, now called Constantinople, where such pieces were coin-
ed. Lewis Lejeune, as the French historians tell, in his return from the Holy Land,
brought home a quantity of besants of gold, and made an offeratory of them ;
and, ever since, the Kings of France, in the solemnities of their coronations, make
an ofFeratory of pieces of gold, which they call besantines* The Kings of England
have been in use to do the same, as Camden, in his Remains, tells us, that Edward
HI. caused coin a piece of gold, called besantine, to the value of L. 15 ; for such
an use, says he, there were two pieces of gold used at the coronation of the Kings
of England ; which had on the one side a resemblance of the Blessed Trinity,
with these words, In bonorem Sanctte Trinitatis, and, on the other side, the picture
of the Virgin Mary, with the words, In honorem Sancta Marias Virginis. And
these pieces were used by the Kings of England, in the offeratories at their coro-
nations, till the accession of King James to the English throne, who likewise
caused two besants to be made for himself and his Queen. That for himself had,
on the one side, the picture of a king kneeling before an altar, with four crowns
upon it, representing his four kingdoms, with the circumscription, %uid tribuam
Domino pro omnibus, qua tribuit mihi ; " and on the other side of the besant was a
lamb lying by the side of a lion, with these words, Cor contritum y bumiliatum non
despiciet Deus. The besant for the Queen had on the one side a crown, protected
by a cherubim, and over that an eye, with the word Deus, in a cloud, with the
circumscription, Teg it ala summus ; and on the other side was pourtrayed a Queen
kneeling before an altar, with these words, Pits preecibus, fervente fide, bumili ob-
sequio ; but having digressed, I return to the besants as armorial figures.

Besants, when they are armorial figures in armories, they have no impression or
figure as coins, but plain ; Menestrier says, " Besans sont monnoyes d'or, ou
" d'argent, sans marque, qui du nom de la ville Byzance ont en le nom de
" besans."

The Italian, Sylvester Petra Sancta, calls them nunanos Byzantii, liber sancti al-
bani, talenta. Chifiletius and Uredus, nummos byzanteos aureos sen argenteos*

They were generally assumed, as armorial figures, by those who had been in the
expeditions to the Holy Land ; and by others since, upon the account they had
possessed honourable and beneficial offices, as Treasurers, Comptrollers, Collectors
of Public Taxes and Revenues. And carried by others, as a sign of power and
liberty of coinage, as Sylvester Petra Sancta likewise observes, in his chapter of
Besants, " Sunt qui pertinere arbitrantur ad aerarii supremos praesides, seu regios
" quasstores, aut ad summos dynastas, qui monetam propriam cudendi jus ac po-
" testatem habuerunt."

The name of MERCER, or, on a fesse between three cross patees gules, as many
besants of the first. Font's Manuscript.

By these figures it seems the first assumer of them had been in the Holy Land ;
one of this name that has been entrusted with a naval force by our Kings, as by
the Histories of England and Scotland, and particularly that of Howe's, p. 281,
who tells us, that in the year 1378, John Mercer, with many ships, set upon the
English fleet at Scarborough, defeat and brought them to Scotland, &-c.

The principal family of this name is MERCER of Aldie, in the shire of Perth,
who carries or, on a fesse between three cross patees in chief gules, and a star in
base azure, three besants of the first, supported by two savages with steel caps on
their heads, holding battons downward, before their legs, and standing on a com-
partment, with these words, Crux Christi nostra corona ; which supporters are to be
seen, of old, finely cut in the house of Aldie ; and, for crest, the head and neck ol

ai8 OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES.

a heron, holding in its beak an eel ; with the motto, on an escrol, the Grit povl,
being the slughorn of the family, as on the Plate of Achievements.

One of their predecessors, John Mercer, in Perth, purchased the lands of Meikle-
our from Mauritius de Cramond, in the reign of King David II. which were con-
firmed by that King, in the 33d year of his reign, and afterwards took the desig-
nation from the lands of Aldie, of whom is descended the present Sir LAURENCE
MERCER of Aldie, Bart..

FAWSIDE of that Ilk, in East Lothian, an ancient family, though now extinct.
There are severals of that name with us, who carry gules, a fesse between three
besants or. Pont's Manuscript. Fig. 27.

ALLAN de FAWSIDE gives an obligation to the monks of Dunfermline, of the date
1253, to pay yearly quinque solidos argenti out of his lands.

ROGER de FAWSIDE gets a charter of the lands of Fawside from Robert the Bruce,
and, in the year 1350, Thomas de Fawside, Miles, is witness in a charter of Duncan
Earl of Fife, to the abbacy of Lindores.

Mr JAMES FAWSIDE, designed eldest lawful son to the deceased John Fawside of
that Dk, is witness in a charter of George Earl of Winton, to David Allan in
Tranent, in the year 1666. The lands of Fawside belong now to Dundas of
Arniston.

The surname of HOPE carries besants.

Sir THOMAS HOPE of Craighall, azure, a cheveron between three besants, or ;
crest, a broken globe surmounted of a rainbow, proper : motto, At spes infracta.
He was Advocate to King Charles I. 1628, whose father or grandfather came from
Holland, and was the first of the name of Hope in Scotland. Sir Thomas had, by
his wife Elizabeth Bennet, daughter of John Bennet in Tranent, and his wife
Grissel Seaton, of the family of Seaton, first, Sir John Hope of Craighall, who
was President of the Session ; second son, Sir THOMAS HOPE of Kerse, Bart, one of
the Senators of the College of Justice, who carries azure, on a cheveron betwixt
three besants or, a roebuck current of the first ; crest, a broken globe surmounted
of a rainbow, proper : motto, Spes tamen infracta. Lyon Register.

Third son, Sir ALEXANDER HOPE of Granton, Cup-bearer to King Charles I.
carried the arms of Hope, and, for his difference, charged the cheveron with a rose
gules, but kept the crest of the family ; with the motto, Spero suspiro donee.
Lyon Register.

Fourth son, Sir JAMES HOPE of Hopetoun, was one of the Senators of the College
of Justice 1649, till that judicatory was dissolved by Oliver Cromwell, anno 1651.
He married Anna, daughter of John Foulis of Leadhills, in the shire of Lanark,
by whom he had John his successor, and a daughter Rachel, married to David
Bethune of Balfour, in Fife. He married, for his second wife, Mary, eldest daugh-
ter of William Earl Marischal, by whom he had one son, Sir WILLIAM HOPE of
Balcomy, Bart, formerly designed of Granton, and late Depute-governor of Edin-
burgh Castle ; who carries azure on a cheveron argent, betwixt three besants or,
as many pallets gules, being his maternal figures of the name of Keith ; crest, a
broken globe, with the rainbow as before : motto, At spes solamen. Lyon
Register.

Which JOHN HOPE of Hopetoun married Margaret, daughter of John Earl of
Haddington, by whom he had Charles, his only son and heir, and a daughter,
Eleanor, married to Thomas Earl of Haddington. Charles was raised to the
honour and dignity of Earl of HOPETOUN, by letters patent, bearing date the i5th
of April 1703, He married Henrietta, daughter of William, first Marquis of An-
nandale, and with her has issue his eldest son John Lord Hope. The Earl's arms,
as in the Plate of Achievements of the nobility, azure, on a cheveron betwixt
three besants or, a bay leaf, proper, adorned with crown, helmet, tuid mantlings,
befitting his quality, and on a wreath of his tinctures ; for crest, a broken globe
surmounted of a rainbow, all proper : with the motto, on an escrol, At spes in-
fracta ; supporters, two women, their hair hanging down, with loose garments,
holding anchors in their hands. L. R.

HOPE of Rankeillor, descended of Craighall, the same as Craighall, within a
bordure, or, for his filial difference. Lyon Register.
The. name of TORTHORALD, says Sir James Balfour, in his Manuscript, carried, in

OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES. 219

the year 1232^ or, a saltier and chief gules, the last charged with three besants of
the fkst.

The surname of LAIDLA\V, sable, three besants or. Balfour's Manuscript.

The surname of GUID, argent, on a cheveron g ules, three be-ants or, and, in
base, a dove with an olive branch in its beak. Herbert Quid is infeft in the
lands of Auchencairn 1561, upon a charter granted by Robert Crawfurd of Craw-
furdland, as superior. Herbert's grandchild, John Guid, is infeft in the said lands
1625, whose grandchild- is Mr John Guid, minister at Carnwath, and possessor of
Auchencairn.

EDWARD FOUNTAIN of Loch-Hill, sometime Master of the Revels, argent, on a
fesse azure, three besants ; crest, an eagle rising, proper : motto, Prcrclarius quo
difficilins.

ROBERT FEMNISON, Merchant in Edinburgh, gules, a fesse between three basants
in chief, and a crane in base ; crest, a crane's head, proper : motto, Vtgilat fc? omul.
Lyon Register.

I have seen the arms of the name of M'MiLLAN painted thus, argent, on a che-
veron, between three mullets sable, as many besants or. The M'MiLLANS are
said to be BUCHANANS by descent, and to have changed their name upon account
of slaughter.

In England, the family of BISSET in Warwickshire has, for arms, azure, ten be-
sants, 4, 3, 2 and i.

When the besants are of gold, the metal may be named or not named in the
blazon ; but if of silver, argent must be .named by the practice of all Europe, ex-
cept with the English, who, from their particular fancy, call them plates.

FOULIS of Ratho, descended of a younger son of Collington, argent, on a, che-
veron, between three laurel leaves vert, as many besants of the first, (the English
would call them plates ;) crest, a dove holding an olive-branch in her beak, pro-
per ; and for motto, Pax. New Register, fig. 28.

Sir JAMES FALCONER of Phesdo, one of the Senators of the College of Justice,
descended of Falconer Lord Halkerton, a falcon's head, issuing out of a man's
heart, proper, between three mullets azure, all within a bordure of the lastr char-
ged with eight besants argent ; crest, a falcon perching and hooded, proper : motto,
Paratus ad tetbera. New Register.

In England, the name of CLARKE in Somersetshire carries, as Morgan gives
us, three plates ; and the name of TROTISHAM, gules, four plates, 2 and 2 ; and
RAMSAY in Derbyshire, azure, six plates, 3, 2 and i ; and the name of SANDYS there,
sable, six plates, 3, 2 and i.

When the field, or other armorial figures,, seems to be filled with besants of an
indefinite number, they are then said to be seme of besants, or besantie. The an-
cient Earls of CORNWALL in England carried sable, besantie or, as in Sandford's
Genealogical History. When Richard, second son of King John, was created Earl of
Poictiers, and Earl of Cornwall in England, lie did not carry the arms of his
father, but those of Poictiers and Cornwall, which he composed together, in one
shield, thus ; argent, a lion rampant gules, crowned or, for Poictiers, within a bor-
dure sable, besantie or, for Cornwall.

ROCHTORD in England, quarterly, or and gules, a bordure azure, besantie or.

TORTEAUX

Is a round figure, always of one of the colours received in the science of he
raldry ; which colour must be expressed in the blazon, as torteaux, azure, sable, &c.
but the English appropriate particular names to them, as they are variously colour-
ed, except to those of red colour, which they call only torteaux, without naming
the colour.

Torteaux represents, in armory, cakes of bread, called wastals, of old, lib a torta
seu rotunda ; from which torteaux, the Italian Sylvester Petra Sancta, in the 43d
chapter of his Treatise of Heraldry, entitled De Libis Tesserariis, calls them scu-
t arias placentulas, which heralds take to represent in armories cakes and wastals,
and are so taken by the Spaniards, as Menestrier tells us> from a story out of Argot

220 OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES.

de Molina, a Spanish herald, speaking in his First Book of the Nobles of Andalusia,
who carry in their arms torteauxes, upon the account, says he, that one of the Kings
of Spain, being to give battle to the Moors, convened his principal captains and
commanders to eat ; telling them, that so many cakes as they did eat, each of
them would kill as many Moors : And, after a memorable victory, considering how
many cakes each had ate, some five, eight, or twelve, took as many torteauxes in
their arms, or added them to their ancient bearings ; and this is the reason why so
many torteauxes are carried in the arms of the nobles of Andalusia. So that they
are taken by the French, Italians, Spaniards, English, and us, for cakes of bread.
Fig. 29.

There are two ancient families in Scotland who contend for chiefship, but
carry different arms ; BLAIR of Balthyock, in the shire of Perth, argent, a che-
veron sable, between three torteauxes gules ; crest, a dove, with her wings expand-
ed, proper : motto, Virtute tutus. Lyon Register.

BLAIR of that Ilk, in the shire of Ayr, the other tamily, of whom before ; the
controversy about the precedency of these two families is said to have been ad-
justed by King James VI. ordering that the eldest man representer of these two
families should precede- the younger : These two families are to be found in
records in the reign of Alexander III. and have several families descended of
them, whose blazons I have before mentioned, and shall here add as in our re-
cords.

Those descended of Balthyock are GEORGE BLAIR of Lethendy, descended of
Balthyock, the same with Balthyock, with a martlet for difference ; crest, a
garb, proper : motto, Nee temere, nee timide. Lyon Register.

JOHN BLAIR of Balmill, a younger son of Balthyock, the same as his father,
within a bordure sable ; crest, a Roman head ; with the motto, Fades quails mens
talis.

ALEXANDER BLAIR, residenter in France, descended of a second son of Bal-
thyock, for his difference, makes the cheveron waved. Ibid.

LAURENCE BLAIR of Overdurdy, descended of Balthayock, for his difference, in-
vects the cheveron.

Captain ANDREW BLAIR of Inchyra, descended of BALTHYOCK, embattles the
cheveron for his difference. Ibid.

The name of COURTNEY in England, or, three torteauxes : The first of this
name came to England with Henry II. and afterwards his descendant, HUGH
COURTNEY, was made Earl of DEVON by Edward III. in right of his mother, who
was a daughter of William Rivers Earl of Devon. Morgan's Heraldry.

The arms of the EPISCOPAL SEE of WORCESTER, argent, ten torteauxes, 4, 3, 2
and i, as in Dale Pursuivant's Catalogue of Nobility. The name of BABINGTON
in England carries the same arms, with a label of three points azure ; and it is
pretty remarkable, says Kent, in his Dictionary of Arms, that Dr GERVASE
BABINGTON, being made Bishop of Worcester, by Queen Elizabeth, his paternal
coat was the same with the See, excepting only the label : Here the English,
when they say torteaux, do not add gules, supposing it always to be red.

The German Jacob Imhoff will have the torteaux to represent the yolk of an
egg in arms, for he latins them vitellos, in his Blazons of the Nobility of Great
Britain, as in these of EDMOND LANGLEY Duke of YORK, fifth son 01 Edward III.
from whom issued the English kings, of the House of YORK, who carried France
and England, quarterly, as his father ; and for a filial difference, added a label of
three points argent, each charged with three torteauxes, which Imhoff calls vitellos,
yolks of eggs. And the same in the arms of GREY Earl of KENT, and others,
thus ; " Insignia familias Graia?, e qua Comites Canciie &• Stanfordiae prodiere,
" scuto senis transversis fasciolis ex argento & cyano exarato, tribus vitellis in
" cephalo distincto constant," i. e. barry of six, argent and azure, in chief three
torteauxes, and so of the rest of the nobility of England who carry torteauxes.

When torteauxes are of the colour azure, we name them, as the French, tor-
teaux azure, as in the arms of ARMSTRONG of Mangerton, argent, three tor-
teauxes azure ; Balfour's Manuscript : But the English, upon some singularity of
their own, call them hurts, without naming the colour, that is, marks of some

OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES.

violent strokes, as Gerard Leigh; though Guillim will have them to represent
hurtle-berries.

When they are green, they call them pomies, i. e. apples, which Morgan thu^
blazons in the arms of the name of SMITH in Essex, erminf, three pomies, i. e. with
us, three torteauxes vert.

When black, they call them pellets, or ogresses, which they take to rcj>n
bullets or balls ; as in the blazon of the arms of Sir ROHMRT Ci..v. nctinu-

Lord Mayor of London, in the book entitled the Art of Heraldry, vi/., /agent, a
cross sable between four pellets. We with others call them twtctni\ suhle.

The surname of MYRTON of Cambo in Fife, now extinct, argent, a clieveron hi-
tween three torteauxes sable : Those of this surname, MI\ •> llr<i»i li<ii-ce, were in
the reign of Malcolm 111. and got the lands of Cambo in Fife, by marrying the
heiress of the name of CAMBOYS in the reign of the Bruces ; which barony is now
possessed by Sir ALEXANDER ERSK.INE of Cambo, Lyon King at Ann .

When those round figures we have been treating of are of two tinctures, hall
metal, and half colour, they are called besant torte/ui\ ; and when half colour, and
half metal, torteaux besants, observing the tincture that lies on the right or uppc/
part of the roundlet. These ordinarily fall out when the field is parti, or coupi
metal and colour, and then they are counter-changed of the field. I shall here
add an example out of Tessera Gentilitix, given by Sylvester Fetra Sancta, as fig.
30. parted per pale, argent and sable, a roundle counter-changed of the same. The
French say, " Parti d'argent et de sable au torteaux besans, parti de 1'un en 1'autre :"
And our author says, " Bizanti-libum semi-autrurn, semi-argenteum, in scuto tes-
" serario, ad perpendiculum secto, &• ad dextram argento, ad laevani atro : quod
" est Klucheimiorum in Bavaria." Camden latins torteauxes, pilas vel globulas ;
but these differ from torteaux, tor bowls in paintings are always shadowed; where-
as torteaux, or flat roundles, and bowls, or globes, are different figures, and keep
their own name, as those in the arms of the Duke of TUSCANY, viz. five bowls in
orle gules, and in chief, a torteaux azure, charged with three flower-de-luces or :
As Menestrier, en la Science de la Noblesse, " Or, a. cinque boules de gueules, en
" orle ; en chef un torteaux d'azur, charge' de trois fleurs-de-lis d'or :" Some say
they are blazoned bowls, from the reason of their first assumption by Averardo de
Medici, who served under Charles the Great of France, upon his killing Mugello, a
giant, who destroyed the inhabitants and passengers in. and about Florence, by a
mace of iron, at which hung five iron bowls, which the Medicis took for armorial
figures : Others say again, the bowls in these arms represent medicinal pills, in
allusion to the name Medicis.

ANNULETS, RINGS, VIRES AND VIROLES.

THE first needs no description, being well known. Rings and annulets were an-
ciently marks of nobility and jurisdiction with the Romans, and have been con-
tinued as armorial ones of honour, and symbols of investiture in dominions. The
Duke of SAVOY takes possession of his dominions by the ring of St Maurice. The
DOGE of VENICE pretends dominion in the sea, which he is said to wed, by throw-
ing a gold ring into it every year ; and bishops receive investiture of their
sees by a ring and pastoral-staff. The ring has been also the prize of tournaments
and joustings, and the riding at the ring was a part of these exercises : It also was
the reward to those who behaved themselves best in such military exploits. All
which may be said to have given occasion for rings to be frequent in armories.

EGLINTON, the surname of an ancient and honourable family with us, carried
gules, three annulets or, stoned azure. Some of this family are to be found wit-
nesses in the charters of King William and the Alexanders II. and III. and were
patriots for their king and country against the English, in the time of competition
for the crown by Bruce and Baliol : And in the reign of King David II. Sir HUGH
EGLINTON of that Ilk is Justiciarius Laodonii. This family ended in a daughter
and heiress of Sir Hugh Eglinton, and his wife Giles, daughter of Walter High
Steward of Scotland, and sister to King Robert II. who was married to Sir JOHN-
MONTGOMERY of Eaglesham : He got with her the baronies of Eglinton and AT-

222 OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES.

drossin, of whom were descended Montgomeries Earls of Egliriton, who have of a
long time been in use to quarter the arms of Eglinton with their own, of whom
afterwards.

HUTTON of that Ilk, in the shire of Berwick, or, three annulets g ule /, Macken-
zie's Heraldry. In our New Register, I find Doctor John Hutton said to be re-
presenter of Hutton of that Ilk; he was chief Physician to their Majesties 1692,
and carried other arms, viz. or, a lion rampant azure between three arrows, points
downward, 2 and i, proper, headed and feathered argent, on a chief gules, as
many besants; crest, a serpent, catching a finger of a man's hand, which issues
from a cloud, all proper : ' motto, Si Deus, quis contra ?

HIRTON of that Ilk, argent, three annulets gules. Font's Manuscript.

MOLIN in Bretagne, azure, three heads of lances, within an annulet argent, up-
on the account, says Menestrier, that one of that family, in a military exercise,
before a great assembly, carried the ring three times on end.

LEAKE Earl of SCARSDALE, in Derbyshire, Baron DEINCOURT, of Sutton, argent,
on a saltier ingrailed sable, nine annulets, or : This family was dignified with the
title of Baron, by King James I. of Great Britain, and in the reign of King
Charles I. Francis Lord Deincourt was advanced to the dignity of Earl, by the
title of Scarsdale, who, in the time of the late Civil Wars, being a man of a great
fortune and bright parts, manifested his loyalty, in a most exemplary manner to
King Charles I. ; for his two sons, dying in that king's service, and, having suffered
much for his loyalty, in these ruinous times, he became so much mortified after the
murder of his Sovereign King Charles I. that he apparelled himself in sackcloth, and
causing his grave to be dug some years before his death, laid himself down in it
every Friday, and exercising himself frequently in divine meditations and prayer,
departed this life, at Sullen, anno 1655 '• He was succeeded by Nicolas his son, of
whom is descended the present Earl of Scarsdale.

LOWTHER Viscount LONSDALE, which family is of great antiquity in Westmore-
land. The name is local from the town and manor of Lowther, /. e. lower than
the hills that surround it. Of this family there have been many eminent branches
of the name.

Sir JOHN LOWTHER, son and heir of Sir JOHN LOWTHER of that Ilk, was created
a Knight Baronet of Scotland, by King Charles I. but afterwards the family was
raised to the honour of Baron Lowther of Lowther, and Viscount Lonsdale, in
the year 1696. The armorial bearing of the family, or, six annulets, 3, 2, and i,
sable.

LUCAS, Lord LUCAS of Crudwell, in Wiltshire, argent, a fesse betwixt three
annulets gules. Dal. Pur.

The name of MUSGRAVE, azure, six annulets, 3, 2, and i, or. Ibid.

The name of ADDISON, in England, ermine, on a bend gules, three annulets or,
a chief azure, charged with as many leopards' heads of the second : these belong,
$ays Kent, in his Dictionary of Arms, to JOSEPH ADDISON, Esq. one of the Members
of Parliament for Malmsbury. And there also the name of AMERVILLE, parted
per fesse indented, argent and gules, three annulets counter-changed. Also the
bearing of AYLET, in England, azure, three annulets argent.

When annulets or great rings are carried in arms, one within another, the French
call them vires.

" Vires" says Menestrier, " Sont anneaux passes les uns dans les autres, comme
" aux armoiries de virieu : De gueules, a trois vires d'argent," i. e. gules, three an-
nulets within one another, argent. As fig. 32.

From vires, are the terms viroles, and virole, in the blazons of figures that have
hoops and rings round them, such as casks, barrels, battering-rams, bunting-horns,
and other utensils, of which afterwards.

OF CUTTES AND GUTTE.

THESE I mention in the end of the sub-ordinaries, because they receive divers
terms of blazons, according to the tinctures they are of. Guttes are drops of things
that are liquid, either by nature or by art ; if they be yellow, they are called

OF THE SL'U-ORDINARIKS. 223

gnuttcs d'ar, drops of liquid gold ; when white, gbuttcs tic /'cau, or larmes d' argent,
i. e. drops of water or tears, such as these with which they use to besprinkle June-
nil escutcheons and monuments of the dead on a black field. Thus the penit-
of the Order of St Francis have, for arms, sable, seme de larmes, and a dove mov-
ing from the chief argent ;. the emblem of true repentance, coining from the
Holy Spirit, represented by the dove ; with the motto, Flabit spiritus ejits, fc^ Jlu
cut aqua.

When they are of red colour, they are called gwttes de sang, i. e. drops of blood;
when blue, gouttes de larmes ; when green, gauttes de vert, which represent the oil
of olive ; and, when black, gouttes de poix, from the French word which signifies
pitch ; though sometimes they arc called gouttes de sable. These guttes may be
disposed as other figures in armories, 2 and i ; and, if more, the greatest numbers
are in chief ; and, if otherways, are after the position of the ordinaries.

Sir JAMES TURNER, sometime Major-General to King Charles II. quarterly,
first and fourth sable, a St Katharine's wheel argent, second and third argent, 3
gouttes de sang, 2 and I ; crest, a heart flaming : motto, Tune cede malts.

Mr ARCHIBALD TURNER, sometime one of the Ministers of Edinburgh, carries
the same with Sir James, with a crescent for diffeerence, as in our New Register.

The name of ATHELL of Northampton, in England, argent, a cheveron sable,
goutte (Tor, Kent's Dictionary of Arms.

The name of CROSBIE there, argent, three gouttes de poix.

If these drops exceed the number ten, and irregularly sprinkle the field or charge,
we then call them gutte.

CORNWALLIS Lord CORNWALLIS of Eye, in Suffolk, sable, gutte argent, on a
fesse of the last, three Cornish cheughs, proper ; Imhoflf, speaking of this family,
says, " Scutum Baronis Cornwallis ita delineatum legi, nigrum lachrymis argenteis
" respersum, &• baltheo ejusdem metalli distinctum, cui tres moneduhe (i. e. jack-
daws) nigne impressa? sunt."

Sir FREDERICK. CORNWALLIS of Brome, in Suffolk, was made a Knight Baronet
by King Charles I. who, for his loyalty to that king, suffered in his fortune and
person, by imprisonment and exile ; but on the Restoration of King Charles II. he
was created Lord CORNWALLIS, by letters patent, dated 2Oth April 1661.

The ensign of the EPISCOPAL SEE of BANGOR, in Carnarvonshire, a bend argent,
goutte de poix, between two mullets of the second.

With us, the ancient name of MORTIMER, or, a lion rampant, sable, gutte of
the first. Mackenzie's Heraldry. Fig. 34.

MORTIMER of Vamouth, argent, a, lion rampant, sable, goutte de Teau. Balfour's
Manuscript.

MORTIMER of Craigievar, argent, a lion rampant, sable, goutte for, Font's Ma-
nuscript. But MORTIMER of Auchenboddy, barry of six pieces, or and azure, on
a chief of the second, two pallets of the first ; crest, a buck's head cabossed
sable : motto, Acquirit qui tuetur~ Lyon Register.

Mr Gibbon gives an ancient bearing of drops, by one of the name of DROP,
Lord Mayor of London, in the year of Edward IV. viz. argent, gouttt de poix,
on a chief gules, a lion passant gardant, or, which arms, says he, were standing
in Cornhill, London 1666. He latins them thus, " Scutum argenteum, guttis
"• atris respersum, caput autem scuti est sanguineum &• leone gradients aureo
" (obverso ore) exaratur."

OF PAPELONNE AND DIAPERING OF ARMS.

I THOUGHT it was not amiss to add the explanation of these terms before I put an
end to the first part of heraldry, that I might not seem to omit any figure or sha-
dow of things that have their names from this science.

Papelonne is said of a field or charge that is covered with figures like the scales
of a fish, as Monsieur Baron in his VArt Heraldique, says, " Papelonne se dit de
" 1'ecu qui est remple de figures semblables a des ecailles," and gives for example,
the arms of MONTI, gueules. papelonne d1 argent, fig. 35. ; and Menestrier says of it

OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES.

papelonne se dit c£un ouvrage a ecailles i. e. a work of scales ; and gives, for instance,
the arms of A.-R.QViNVH.LiEKS,d'ermine papelonne degueules, i.e. ermine, papelonne gules.
The same arms are given by Mr Kent in his Dictionary of Arms, and Feme gives
us such another, argent, papelonne gules : This figure is only frequent with the
French ; I have met with no English that has treated of it, but Holmes in his
Academy of Armory, who has it from Feme, and says, it signifies any thing be-
set with spangles ; and, in his judgment, they may be termed, according to the
English language, instead of or papelonne, gules mailed or escaloppy gules, seeing it
resembles both iron rings quilted in coats of mail, and the lower part of escalop-
shells ; some artists say, he terms this in their profession, scallop-work, which, if
this figure were in use for Engligh coats, would be so termed.

Diapering is said when the field is shadowed with flourishings and various
turnings by purfles of gold or silver, or other colours, after the form of flowers or
leaves, as the weavers' diaper-napery ; the Germans practise it most in their illu-
minated arms, but rarely the Britons ; such diaperings are to be found in armories ;
it is only used but to beautify the field and figure, and is no part of the blazon.

THE END OF THE FIRST PART.

SYSTEM

HERALDRY,

SPECULATIVE AND PRACTICAL:
WITH THE TRUE ART OF BLAZON.

P ART SECOND.

CHAP. L
OF NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL FIGURES.

THE COMMON CHARGES.

HAVING treated of the proper figures in armories, I shall now give some
general rules and observations relative to natural and artificial figures, called
the common charges, with their attributes, which make the second part of this
system ; in which I am to describe and blazon them in their proper and armo-
rial terms, according to their position, disposition, situation, and number in ar-
morial bearings.

These, then, are the representations of all things, natural and artificial, animate
and inanimate, which retain their own proper names and colours in this science, as
they do in others, on which account they are called the common charges.

Of old, only hieroglyphics, emblems, and devices, the early seed of armories,
were composed of such figures ; for the ancientest arms in Europe are but old
emblems and devices regulate into a form, and used as fixed hereditary marks of
honour, to distinguish the noble from the ignoble.

We are not here to consider those figures either as hieroglyphical or symbolical,
nor as devices ; for then they would be but arbitrary and temporary, and might
be used or laid aside by any person at pleasure, as serving only to show their incli-
nations or intentions, and to represent their present conditions or future designs :
But we are here to consider these figures as armorial ones, representing something

226 OF NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL FIGURES.

already performed, and as fixed marks of honour allowed by authority, and trans-
missible to posterity, for distinguishing the noble from the ignoble. And, as it is
said of nobility itself, of which they are signs, the older and longer its progression
be, by descents, it is of more esteem and honour. The same may be said of the
continued ensigns of ancient nobility.

Heralds tell us, that the good and commendable qualities of figures which form
armorial bearings, do not give preference to some bearings before others, which
have not figures of the like commendable qualities ; but that all arms are of equal
honour and dignity, data paritate gestantium, the bearers being of equal dignity.
And though some consideration be had of the natural qualities of figures, by the
first obtainers of arms, to represent the like virtues and good qualities in them-
selves, yet these figures being hereditary, and descending to all the issue, they
cannot be supposed to represent the like good qualities in all of them, but can on-
ly be taken as a silent surname or tessera of their noble descent from the first as-
sumers and obtainers of such arms ; that being the main end of armories, as be-
fore defined, hereditary marks of honour, regularly composed of tinctures and fi-
gures granted by Sovereigns, for distinguishing persons, families, and communities.
Notwithstanding of which, it is to be observed, that there is a dignity, decent
regularity, and beauty in armories ; proceeding from the quality of the bearings,
the regular disposition of the figures in the shield, and a certain number of them,
which gives preference and lustre to arms so formed ; of which I shall here briefly
speak before I proceed to treat of the figures themselves.

And first, It must be owned that some figures are of more honour than others,
and have precedency in an armorial sense ; though not universally, yet in some
certain places, as for instance, the armorial figures of sovereigns : Thus, the lion
and double tressure are the most honourable figures that can be used in Scotland,
because such compose the imperial ensign. In France they are not so honourable,
for there the flower-de-luces have the precedency. In Sweden the crowns are pre-
ferable to the lilies ; and in the Empire the eagle is preferred to all others. Figures
then within their respective dominions and jurisdictions are to be considered, as
feudal arms, being those of patrons, which the vassals and clients carry in imita-
tion of their over-lords and patrons, may be reckoned preferable within their juris-
dictions ; of which arms, I have treated in my Essay of the Ancient and Modern
Use of Armories.

Again, a fair shield of arms, regularly formed with decent figures, is more pre-
ferable and praise-worthy than an irregular one with mean and obscure figures, un-
fit to represent the honour and dignity of a wrorthy person. In remedy of which,
I shall add here some general rules from heralds.

I. In commendation of armories, say they, all creatures are presumed to be car-
ried, upon account of their noble and best qualities ; as a lion for his magnanimity,
and not for his rapacious nature. A fox for his wit and cunning, and not on ac-
count of his pilfering and stealing. This is, says Guillim, the honour of a gentle-
man of coat-armour (the first obtainer of arms) to have his virtues under these
types, and to consider the commendable properties qf such tokens as he bears,
thereby manifesting to the world that he hath the like good qualities in him-
self.

II. That every thing be placed in its natural posture, form, and colour ; be-
cause nature is the chief model and pattern of art, providing there be no special
reason for having them otherwise ; that is to say, though the proper colour of an
eagle be black, yet a red, green, or blue one, carried for distinction's sake, or
upon other special accounts, is as honourable arms as that of the natural colour ;
data paritate gestantium, the bearers being of equal dignity.

III. That magnanimous creatures ought to be represented in armories, in their
fiercest postures, as lions, boars, &-c. rampant, that is erected ; because then they
are presumed to show strength, as Bartolus de Insigniis says, " Animalia fera de-
" brnt exprimi in actu ferociore."

IV. Other creatures that are not wild or ravenous ought to be represented in
their noblest positions ; as a horse salient, a grey-hound running, &c.

V. Creatures that are remarkable for any posture ought to be carried in that

OF NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL FIGURES. .27

position, as a lamb passant, because it is naturally simple. A serpent gliding or
circling in a knot, because remarkable for these postures.

VI. All things that have fore and hind parts, ante and post, should be carried in
armories, looking to the right side ot the shield ; if to the left, they are said to be
contournc. When two animals are in one field, they are always placed ufronte,
and look to one another, by the Germans, but not so by other nations. Of which
afterwards.

VII. Heralds tell us also, that when arms of subjects are set up, or painted, near
the place where the sovereign ones are, all the creatures in the arms of the sub-
jects are to be turned looking to the sovereign's. As Sylvester Petra Sancta,
" Sicubi tamen simulacrum, aut stemma principis, fuerit medio loco a dextra le-
" vaque, icones omnes gentilitium parmularum, eo convert! debere." And the
same says Bartolus de Insigniis. When creatures are painted upon banners, they
must look to the staff; when upon caparisons and other horse -furniture, they ought
to look to the head of the horse or beast that bears them ; and so of all things
whose parts are distinguished by ante and post.

VIII. As the right side is nobler than the left, so the upper part of the shield is
more noble than the lower part ; therefore, tokens granted by sovereigns to sub-
jects are always placed in chief.

IX. All things in arms, being of their own natural colour, are blazoned proper ;
such as grapes, peacocks, &c.

X. The most commendable part of any creature, in armories, is the head ; for
that, say heralds, shows that the bearer feared not to stand before the face of his
enemy.

These are the general observations given by heralds concerning the common
charges ; whose nature to describe is not the business «of those who act the part of
a herald, but rather that of a natural philosopher, or of those conversing in hiero-
glyphics, emblems, and devices, which are composed only upon the consideration
of the nature and qualities of the creatures ; whereas in armories there are many
other reasons, occasions, facts, and events, which bring those creatures into armo-
ries. These I may have occasion to mention, as I treat of them separately, in the
arms of particular families, and blazon them in the terms of heraldry, as to their
position, disposition, and situation in the shield.

I have already treated of the position, disposition, and situation of figures, as
they accompany the ordinaries, and shall here insist a little, as they are situate
alone without the ordinaries, and especially as to the number of figures in a
shield. Number is counted by some to be one of the elements of armory, without
which arms cannot be, for in them there must be some number, either of lines,
tinctures, or resemblances of things.

Number then, (or rather things numbered in arms) is finite or indefinite. Finite,
whose number is certain ; as one, two, three, or more : Indefinite, whose number is
uncertain in armories, as when they exceed sixteen, and are irregularly situate.

Arms may be looked upon as good and warrantable of whatsoever number of
things they consist; yet the beauty of arms consists in a certain number of figures,
keeping their due distance, fullness, and identity in the shield, which are called
armorial numbers, and should be taken notice of, especially by those who give out
arms to the public.

By an armorial number of figures, whether even or odds, I understand those
figures which, being alone in the shield, are so situate, that in every rank one de-
creaseth to the base, and there end in one, which most agreeably declines to the
form of a triangular shield, and gives a beauty to the eye.

Of all even numbers, those of six and ten can be so situate ; as, for example,
azure, six besants or, 3, z and i. And gules, ten lozenges argent, 4, 3, 2 and i,
by the surname of CRISPIN in England, as in Plate IX. fig. 13.

Figures of other even numbers cannot be so disposed to beautify the field, ex-
cept they accpmpany other things, as two, a bend, four, a cross, and as many the
saltier ; eight handsomely fill a bordure ; twelve may accompany a cross and sal-
tier, placing three in each canton ; and also sixteen, the same two ordinaries ;
placing four figures in each canton ; as in the arn\s of the ancient family ot
MONX.MORENCV in France, or, a cross gules, betwixt sixteen alerions

228 OF NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL FIGURES.

As for the odd numbers, one is counted the best, being situate in the centre of
the shield, and frequently to be seen in ancient paintings and engravings. Next
to it is the number three, called of old ternio, or trias ; most frequently in arms,
disposed 2 and i, towards the angles of the shield. And these figures, being all of
one kind, (which the ancients call identity) are said to represent but one thing
multiplied to 2 and i , for beauty's sake ; as, for instance, the ancient Earls of
LEICESTER carried gules, a cinquefoil ermine ; and afterwards the family carried
gules, three cinquefoils ermine ; as did the old Earls of ANGUS, gules, a cinquefoil
or ; and the GORDONS of old, a boar's head couped or ; as did many other old fa-
milies with us, whose old arms I have seen, which had but one figure, afterwards
multiplied to 3, 2 and i.

There is none of all the odd number that decreaseth, in every rank one, to the
point of the shield, except the number three, and number fifteen : For an example
of the last, I shall mention the arms of the duchy of CORNWALL in England, azure,
fifteen besants or, 5, 4, 3, 2 and i.

The odd numbers of things, by their situation in a shield, are capable of more
armorial forms than the even numbers ; which Edward Bolton observes, in his
Elements of Armories, and lays down this for a rule, that no even number of
things, of one kind, possessing the field only, and alone, and keeping all of them
one state or way, with requisite distance, can be capable of such diversity of forms
in their situation as the odd. For example, five figures can be placed in cross,
and in saltier, as the five escutcheons in the arms of the Kingdom of PORTUGAL in
cross, and the five stars of eight points gules, in saltier, in a field or ; for which see
Plate X. fig. 1 6. It may be objected, that four figures may be placed formally in
cross, as the four filbert-nuts, Plate VI. fig. 25. And there the four flower-de-
luces in cross, fig. 26. To which it is answered, these figures do not keep the
same state and way mentioned in the above rule, not being situate one way, nor
after their natural position ; which, if they were, the centre or middle of the shield
will be empty, and so a deformity would appear.

Figures placed in bend, bar, and pale, are always of an odd number, for four
figures so disposed are hardly to be met with ; but frequently three, or five, which
are armorial numbers. Plate IV. fig. 23. Argent, five fusils in fesse sable. And
there, azure, three stars in fesse argent.

Whether these armorial figures be odd or even, there is these three things to be
observed, as the causes of armorial beauties, which are, distance, fulness, and iden-
tity, which I shall show by the following examples.

The number three is beautiful, being disposed 2 and i, with equal distance, but
without that there will appear a deformity and want ; thus, if two stars were
placed in chief, and the third in the centre of the shield, for want of spreading
distance, the arms would be placed deformed, except the third appear below, to-
wards the base.

As to fulness, when there are three stars in chief, as in the arms of DALMAHOY
of that Ilk, Plate IV. fig. 34. (though these arms be warrantable and good) the
three stars having requisite distance in regard of themselves, yet the arms fail of
complete beauty, being destitute of fulness in respect of the whole shield ; for the-
designed end of arms is manifestation, and the more extended and dilated the fi-
gures are in the shield, the more manifest they must be, that every angular portion
of the shield may answer the eye with an object : So that if one of the stars were
placed towards the base, in equal distance with the other two, the coat would be
then more beautiful ; and, being azure, three stars argent, would belong to the
name of MURRAY : So that beauty here cedes to necessity, by placing the stars in
chief, to distinguish Dalmahoy from Murray, the last having them dispossed 2
and i ; in which bearing are three causes of armorial beauties, distance, fulness,,
and identity.

Identity is when the figures are of one kind : If of different kinds, there appears
a discord or deformity, let the figures be never so noble : Amongst many ex-
amples to be met with in this system, I shall only mention the arms of WAUCHOPE
of Niddry, Plate IV. fig. 35. azure, a garb or, and in chief two mullets argent :
Though the arms be good and warrantable, yet beauty faileth, because the figure:-
are not all of one sort.

Mte;o j\

•( •»• •»• •;•
i v •»' '»' •»• •»•

•32

OF CKJ J:STIAL FIGURES, «?t . -.,

\Vlien three things of one kind are situate, 2 and i, their situation i. seldom
mentioned in the blazon, being supposed always to be so ; and ai
accompany the ordinaries, thcfesse and bar. When many figures arc Mtuute in a
shield, the greatest number is always upmost, and decreaseth always in number
towards the base ; in which is beauty, as is observed before : But if contra,
situate, the smallest number uppermost, there is deformity ; for which the i'rc:
say, in bla/on, mtil-nrdonnes.

Indefinite numbers of figures, in amis, is, when they exceed sixteen, an '
irregularly placed : And, in blazon, they are said to be sans now/>re, or serxe. .'.-'
nombre is said of figures, when more than sixteen, and irregularly situate, and all
entire within the shield; which the English call arms Derated, or powdered, with
such figures. The term seme, more frequently used in blazon., ii thought to be
brought from the Latin word seminar io to sow, because then the figures are sown
over the field as seed. Some bring the terra seme from semi half a thing, because
the half part of some of the seme figures appears on the sides of the shield : And
so seme dirlers from sans nombre, gerating or powdering : As the old arms of
FRANCE, azure, six flower-de-luces or : And in the arms of DENMARK, or, seme of
hearts gules, three \\onspassajit gardant azure, PlateX. fig. 35. For the term seme,
see page 24. And so much for numbers, and the causes of armorial beauties.

I now proceed to treat of the common charges separately. And, as for the
method 1 take, it is not much matter with which of them I begin, since their
knowledge does not depend upon one another, nor any precedency due to them to
be here considered ; neither is it here to be expected, that I should treat of all na-
tural and artificial things, but only of such as fall within the compass of our prac-
tice in armories in Britain, and other places, where they are signs and notes of
nobility.

CHAP. II.

OF CELESTIAL FIGURES, THE SUN, MOON, AND STARS.

THE sun, the chief of all planets and celestial bodies, is latined, say some, so',
quia. aume *, exortus omnibus planetis solus apparet, i. e. when it appears, it is
seen alone in the heavens; upon which account, when Louis le Grand, as the only
hero in Europe, over-run Flanders, in the year 1672, he took for his device the
sun, with the motto, Unas in orbe: But here we are to speak of the sun as an ar-
morial figure, and carried by several families in Europe, as relative to their name,
and upon other accounts.

The family of SOLIS, in Spain, carries gules, a sun or.

SONENBERG, in Switzerland, azure, the sun in his glory, as relative to the name :
such another bearing is carried in the achievement of the Marquis of LOTHIAN, a-
a coat of augmentation. Plate X- fig- i.

With us the surname of BROWNHILL, azure, the sun in- his glory, between three
er-de-luces argent ; and for crest, a mount, the sun arising out of the top of
it, both proper ; with the motto, Radii omnia lustrant. Font's Manuscript.

The surname of GILCHIUST, azure, the sun in his splendour, between two cross
patees fitched in chief, and a mullet in base argent. Sir George Mackenzie.

When the sun is of the metal or, in blazon, it is said to be proper, or in its splen-
dour, or glory ; and is always lepresented with rays and beams, whereof the one
half straight, being the beams; and th other, the rays, are crooked or waved, the
number of them being ordinarily twelve or sixteen. " Sol pingitur," says Sylvester
Petra Sancta, " semper radiis circumfusis duodenis, iisque partim rectis, partim
" autem crispatis seu sinuosis."

In England, the name of SUNYBANK in Oxfordshire, azure, on a bank in base, a
sun arising, both proper. Morgan's Heraldry.

The surname of RICHMOND there, azure, a sun in his glory. Morgan's He-
raldry.

* The word aume, in this quotation, unintelligible : We suspect the author meant to refer to the com-
roon derivation, " .Wquod solus appareat, caetens sideribus- suo fulgore obscuratis." E.

230 OF CELESTIAL FIGURES, fcfc.

THOMPSON Lord HAVERSHAAI, whose family is thought ta have come from the
north, and settled in Hertfordshire ; from which was descended Maurice Thompson
in Haversham, in the county of Bucks. He was an eminent merchant, and was
made by King Charles II. a knight-baronet, in the year 1673, the 25th year of
that king's reign. He for a long time continued Member of the House of Com-
mons, till the year 1696 that he was created a peer, by the title of Baron Haver-
sham of Haversham ; whose arms are, or, on a fesse dancette azure, three stars
argent, a canton of the second charged with a sun in its splendour.

The CRESSEOLI in France, azure, three suns, proper, 2 and i, as relative to the
name, as Sylvester Petra Sancta, from Marcus Gilbert.

BAILLIE of Jerviswood, descended of the family of Baillie of St John's-Kirk,
sable, a sun or, between nine stars argent, 3, 2, 3 and i ; crest^ a crescent or :
motto, Major virtus quam splendor. New Register.

BAILLIE of Manner-Hall, a second son of Jerviswood, carries the same, with a
crescent for his difference.

I have not met with any armorial bearings where the sun is argent, but always
of or.

When the sun is represented in arms, of one of the colours in heraldry, it is
called ombre du soleil, i. e. the shadow or ray of the sun : As Monsieur Baron, of
the blazon of the arms of HURAULT de CHIVERNY, whose progenitor was the first
Chancellor of the Order of the Holy Ghost ; d'or, a la croix d'azur, cantonee de
quatre ombres de soleil de gueules, i. e. or, a cross azurer between four suns, (or
shadows of the sun) gules. Plate X. fig. 2.

The family of HIDALGO in Spain, azure, the sun or, surrounded with stars of the
same ; and the body of the sun parted per pale, with the arms of CASTILE and
LEON : On the account, that one of the family, Grand Master of the Order of
Calatrava, being at the seige of the Castle of Vilohes in Spain, then in the hands
of the Moors, was the first that mounted on the wall, and planted the standards of
Castile and Leon, then, in the presence of their kings. He got those arms thus
blazoned by Favin, " d'azur a un soleil d'or entoure d'etoiles de meme, et dans le
" rond du diet soleil du Castile parti de Leon."

Mr Holmes, in his Academy of Armory, gives us some blazons like to the last,
where the body of the sun is charged with figures.

Sylvester Petra Sancta gives an example of the sun counter-changed, Plate X.
fig. 3. parted per bend dexter, azure and or, the sun counter-changed, which he
describes thus : " Sol ab angulo dextro partitione diagonia sectus, &. semi-aureus
" in supero semisse, cyaneo, semi-cyaneus, vero in aureo imo semisse, est Volgsch
" afeniorum inditione tiro lensi." Plate X. fig. 3.

The name of PEARSON in Devonshire, parted per fesse crenelle, gules and azure,
three suns, proper. Morgan's Heraldry.

The name of ADAM there, azure, 'a ray of the sun issuing out of the dexter
corner bend-ways, proper.

OF THE MOON.

IT is never carried in arms, says Sylvester Petra Sancta, full: Luna niinquam pin-
gitur orbe pleno. He tells us not the reason ; which may be, that it is then taken
for the sun, argent. In devices, it has been used full, as in that of the late Dau-
phine of France, which had the full moon for its body and for the soul, uno sole
minor ; when his father Lewis XIV. had for his device, unus solus in orbe.

I have met sometimes with the full moon in arms, which is then said to be in
her complement ; the English tell us it must be always argent ; as Guillim, who
says, when we blazon by planets, we name gold, sol ; and silver, lima ; and for a
farther distinction of it from the sun, its rays are small, as the light of the moon
is weak. Thus, in the arms of John de Fontibus, accounted the sixth Bishop of
Ely in England, is carried azure, the sun in chief, and full moon in base, within
an orle of seven stars or.

CHRISTOPHER BAILLIE of Walston, descended of the family of St John's-Kirk,
azure, the moon in her complement, between nine stars argent, 3, 2, 3, and i ;

OF CELESTIAL FIGURES, tfr. 231

crest, a dove volant holding in her beak a branch of olive : motto, patior fcf spero.
Lyon Register. Plate X. lig. 4.

The halt moon is frequently in armories an ancient sign of honour with many
nations. The priests of the Jews, as a sign of emmency, had their tires and
mitres after the form of a half moon ; as the prophet Isaiah tells them, that their
tires like the moon should be taken from them. The Romans used the half moon
as a sign of honour, which they wore on their shoes, called lunati calcei, and
were allowed to none but those that were noble. The false prophet Mahomet,
who began to appear in anno 674, had an half moon on his ensign, which is still
continued ; and St Lewis of France, in the year 1269, uP°n his expedition to
Africa, to honour and encourage his subjects, instituted an order of knighthood,
called the Double Crescents, i. e. half moons; of which the collar of the order was
composed, and thereat hung for badge, a ship ; for which that order was called
sometimes, the Order of the ship.

The half moon is termed crescent, increscent, decrescent, and crescent reversed,
according to its position in the shield.

THE CRESCENT.

IT is the half moon with the points or horns upward towards the end of the
shield, Plate X. iig. 5. By the Latins, lima erectis cornibus, or cornibus svrsum
versis ; and by the French, croissant, or croissant montant, to distinguish it from
increscent. Many families in Europe carry crescents : Some as relative to their
name, as the families of Luna in Spain, Crescenti in Rome, Lunati in Pavia, and
the Lonati in Milan.

Others again, upon the account their lands and territories are formed like a half
moon : Thus, the city of Bourdeaux, in Guienne, is, by cosmographers, called por-
tuslunee, because situate like a half moon in the river Garonne, for which it carries
in its arms a crescent.

The ancient and honourable family of SEATON may be said to have assumed
crescents for armorial figures, upon the account that their ancient territories and
lands, in East-Lothian, are formed by the river of Forth into three great bays,
like three half moons ; and from which lands they have the surname of Seaton,
which is among the ancientest surnames with us. They had other lands in England,
as Seaton in Northumberland, now called Seaton-Delaval, since it was possessed
by the honourable family of the name of Delaval, and Seaton of Whitbystrand,
in Yorkshire ; for proof of this, Dugdale, in his Baronage of England, torn. II.
page 736, says, that Edmond Manly, who had behaved himself so valiantly in the
wars against Scotland, obtained from King Edward I. the manor of Seaton of Whitby-
strand, which was a part of the lands of Christopher Seaton, (one of the progeni-
tors of the family of Seaton, Earls of Winton) who married the sister of Robert the
Bruce, King of Scotland. As for the antiquity of this noble family, we have, by the
history of the family, and an old genealogical tree, and other documents, that
Dougal de Seaton, who lived in the reign of King Edgar, sort to King Malcolm
III. was succeeded by his son, Secher de Seaton, in the lands of Seaton, Winton
and Winchburgh, who is to be found a witness in the charters of King David I. ;
and his son, Alexander de Seaton, is witness in that king's charters to Walter de
Riddle, fas in Sir James Dalrymple's Collections.) And his son and successor,
Philip de Seaton, obtains a charter of confirmation of the above-mentioned lands
which belonged to his father : Which principal charter I had several times in my
hands, of which I shall give here a short abstract.

" Wi'lielmus Dei gratia, Rex Scotorum Episcopis, &c. sciatis praesentes St- fu-
" turi me concessisse, & hac prsesenti charta mea confirmasse, Philippo de Seaton,
" terram quae fuit patris Seaton &• Winton, &• Winchburgh tenendam, sibi St
" haeredibus suis, de & hanredibus meis, per servitium unius militis, &c." to which
the king's seal is appended ; on the one side is the king's image, on a throne, and
on the other side on, horseback, holding a sword in his right hand, and a shield in
his left.

OF CELESTIAL FIGURES, fc?t-.

Pbilip de Seaton, by his Lady Alice, daughter to Waldeve, Earl of Dunbar.
had his son and successor.

Sir Alexander Seaton got another charter of confirmation of the abovemention-
cd lands from the same king, about the end of his reign ; which is in the charter-
chest of the Earl of Winton, which I have also seen. And this Alexander Sea-
ton is to be met with as a witness.

In the charter of Syerus de ^uincy, of the lands of Beith to the Abbacy of
Dunfermline, he married Margaret, daughter to Walter Barclay, Chancellor to
King William ; the arms of Barclay are painted and impaled with Sir Alexan-
der's ; his wife on the genealogical tree of the family, azure, a cheveron between
nine cross patees, six in chief, and three in base argent ; as on the seal of the
Chancellor's, frequently to be met with, appended to evidents. Their grandson,
or rather great-grandson, was Sir Christopher Seaton, who bravely stood for the
freedom of his country against the English usurpations, and joined Robert the Bruce
for the recovery of his kingdom ; and, at the battle of Methven, was one of those
brave worthies that rescued King Robert out of the hands of the English and
Scots rebels, as our historians and the English, too, tell to their immortal glory.
This piece of signal and eminent service endeared him much to the king, who
gave to him, in marriage, his sister, Christian Bruce, with whom he had issue.
He adhered to his king in all his troubles, and, at last, had the. ill fortune to be
taken by the English, and carried to London, where, with his brother John Sea-
ton, and his brother-in-law Nigel Bruce, the king's brother, were all put to death
by order of Edward I. as in Howe's History of England, page 210 and 211. King
Robert, after he had recovered and settled his kingdom, in memory of the said
Sir Christopher and his lady, erected a chapel near Dumfries, that prayers might
be said for their souls ; the ruins of which are yet known by the name of Chris-
tal's Chapel ; the Charter of Erection is to be seen in the Lawyer's Library.

On the genealogical tree of Seaton are finely illuminated the arms of Christian
Bruce, quarterly, first and fourth or, a saltier and chief gules, for Bruce ; second
and third or, a cheveron gules, for the Earldom of CARRICK; which arms her
father and brother carried before the last's accession to the crown, impaled with
these of Seaton, gules, three crescents or.

Their son and successor, Sir Alexander Seaton, nephew to King Robert the
Bruce, was restored to his lands which his progenitors had possessed in Scotland ;
but could not, by his uncle the king, be put in possession of these lands which be-
longed to the family in England; which, as Dugdale, in his forecited book, tells us,
were of as great value as his Scotch estate. In place of which, he granted him
many privileges, erecting the lands of Seaton into a free barony ; and, in another
charter, in liber am warreniam, discharging all persons to hunt, hawk, or fish with-
in that barony, without consent of Sir Alexander and his successors: Which char-
ters are dated at Berwick the i6th year of his reign; and, the same year, he grants
a charter, erecting the town of Seaton into a burgh of barony, with a free weekly
market. Besides, he grants a charter to Sir Alexander for his special services of
the lands of Fawside, Elphingston, and that part of the barony of Tranent which
belonged to Sir William Ferrier: and the lands of Dundas, cum Villa Passagii
Regints, i.e. Qjueensferry ; and, by another charter, of the dominium totius de West-
Craig; all which are dated at Berwick, the i6th year of that king's reign. And
further, he grants to the said, Sir Alexander, two charters of the barony of Barns
in East-Lothian ; the one is in French, wherein he mentions Sir Alexander's va-
lour and faithful service, in the kingdom of Ireland, for his brother King Edward
Bruce, which is sealed by the King's sigillum secretum, whereon is a plain shield,
without trimmings, of the arms of Scotland. The other charter of the barony of
Barns is in Latin, under the king's Great-Seal, where on the one side he is eufhro-
nized, and on the other, upon horseback, in his coat armour; upon his lei: arm
a shield of the arms of Scotland ; and, upon the caparisons of his horse, both be-
hind and before, are the same arms ; all which charters I have seen in the Earl of
Winton's charter-chest, ami taken copies of them too long here to be inserted.

Sir Alexander is often to be met with as a witness in the same king's charters,
with other great men, designed militibus only ; as with Sir Thomas Randolph Earl
of Murray, Lord Annandale and Man, Patrick Dunbar Earl of March, Walter,

OK CELESTIAL FIGURES, fcr.

Great Steward of Scotland, and James Lord Douglas. But after the 2;:!i year
of that king's reign, when it is said those received the ancient Order of St An-
drew or the Thistle, and which is very probable, these great men are not then de-
signed militibus, a title common to ordinary knights, but are designed pntria- mili-
tibiu, as extraordinary knights; and are witnesses in that charter of King Robe:
confirming the donations of Kiny Edgar and King David I. to the church of Dur-
ham, of the date the 151)1 of November, the 2ist year of his reign, in Hudding-
ton's Collections.

This Sir Alexander, upon account of his maternal descent, was the first of his
family that placed the double tressure round the crescents, Plate X. fig. 1 1. and got
from that king a coat of augmentation, v»s Sir George Mackcn/.ie has also observed,
viz, gules, a sword supporting an imperial crown, to perpetuate to posterity the
memory of his own and progenitors' worthy actions for their king and country.
He was also Governor of Berwick upon Tweed, and had the town in feu-farm, a-,
is evident by the Burrow-Rolls of Exchequer in those times. In other charters he
is designed, Custos Villa: Bervica, super Tivgdam, as in a charter of Adam Hep-
burn, in the year 1320, to John Renton, burgess of Berwick, of lands in the vilh
of Mordington. He married Isabel, sister to the Earl of Fife, in which country
he was when Edward Baliol, with the English and Scots rebels, made a descent
from England into Fife; against whom, Sir Alexander, with all the force he could
gather at the time, marched and gave them battle, but had the misfortune to be.
defeat and killed near Kinghorn, in the year 1330, as our historians and the English
Holinshed tell us.

Sir ALEXANDER SEATON succeeded his father in his estate and office, as governor
of Berwick, where he gave an evident testimony of his inherent loyalty, and
personal valour and resolution, in defending the town of Berwick against King
Edward III. on the head of a most potent army. How the said Alexander carried,
in all the dismal periods of that fatal siege, I recommend the reader to our own and
English historians, who magnify him as a great and worthy patriot. He had for
his wife Christian Cheyne, of the family of Straloch, and with her had issue, be-
sides William and Thomas Seatons, who were execute at Berwick, Alexander his
successor, and John, who married Elizabeth Ramsay heiress of Parbroth.

Which Sir Alexander succeeded his father, and married Margaret, sister to
William Murray, designed Captain of the Castle of Edinburgh, as by the history
of the family. Her arms, being three stars within a double tressure, impaled with
those of her husband, are cut on a stone, yet to be seen on the south side of the
Collegiate Church of Seaton.

Their son, Sir William Seaton, who is said, by the History of the Family, to
have been created Lord Seaton, married Katharine, daughter to Sinclair of Herd-
manston, whose arms on the genealogical tree, impaled with her husband's, are
argent, a cross ingrailed azure. Sir William's arms are also to be seen engraven
on a stone upon the south door of the church of Seaton, upon a shield cottcbe, three
crescents within a double tressure ; which shield is timbred with a side standing
helmet, wi'h volets ; and, in place of a wreath, a ducal crown ; and upon it, for
crest, a crescent, between two plumes of feathers, supported by two mertrixes, the
present supporters of the family. And near to this achievement there is a little
shield, charged with a cross ingrailed, for his lady, who bore to him two sons and
five daughters.

John, the heir and successor, and Alexander, who, by marriage with Elizabeth,
daughter and heir of Adam Gordon of Gordon, was not only the common ancestor
of the family of Gordon, but also of the Seatons of Touch and Meldrum, of whom
afterwards. Sir William's eldest daughter, Isabel Seaton, was married to Sir John
Stewart of Darnly, of whom came the Lords Darnly and Aubigny in France ; and
of them Henry Lord Darnly, Prince of Scotland, father of King James VI. The
second daughter, Margaret, was married to John Lord Kennedy, progenitor of the
Earls of Cassilis. The third, Marion, to Sir John Ogilvie, of whom the Earls of
Airly. The fourth, Jean, to John Lyle Lord Lyle. The fifth, Katharine, to Ber-
nard Haldane of Gleneagles.

Sir John Seaton succeeded his father Sir William, and, by all writers, is designed
Lord Seaton. He wasMasterof theHousehold to King James I. and attended Margaret

334 OF CELESTIAL FIGURES,

the king's daughter to France, in order to her marriage with Lewis the Dauphine,
eldest son of Charles VII. of France. He died the 5th year of the reign of
James II. and was interred in the Collegiate Church of Seaton. He had with his
lady, Janet Dunbar, daughter to George Earl of March, George his successor, and
a daughter, Janet, married to Robert Keith, Marischal of Scotland.

Which George, Lord Seaton, married Lady Jean Stewart, only daughter and heir
of John Stewart Earl of Buchan, in whose right lie claimed the Earldom of
Buchan : And ever since, the family, to show their right of pretension, have been
in use to carry the feudal arms of that family, and marshal them with their own.
Their son John, master of Seaton, died in the lifetime of his father, leaving issue
by Mary, his wife, daughter of the Lord Lindsay, George, who succeeded his grand-
father in his estate and honours.

Which George, third Lord Seaton, married Isabel, daughter of Colin first Earl
of Argyle. She bore to him George his successor ; John, who married Sinclair,
the heiress of Northrig, the first of the Seatons of that family, and a daughter,
Margaret, married to William Maitland of Lethington. He died 1508, and was
succeeded by

George, fourth Lord Seaton, who married Jean Hepburn, eldest daughter to
Patrick first Earl of Bothwell. He was killed with King James IV. at Flodden,
1513. His own arms, and his lady's, are yet to be seen on a great stone above
the principal gate of the House of Seaton, thus, quarterly, first and fourth Seaton,
as before ; second and third, three garbs, for the Earldom of Buchan, impaled with
those of his lady's ; also, quarterly, first and fourth, on a cheveron, two lions
pulling at a rose, for Hepburn ; second and third, a bend for Vass Lord Dirleton ;
which arms are adorned with helmet and mantlings, and a mertrix-head for a
crest ; supported on the right side by a mertrix, and on the left by a lion ; and
above all, for a motto, Set forward. He had with his lady, a son, George, his suc-
cessor, and a daughter, Marion, married to Hugh Earl of Eglinton.

George succeeded his father. He married Elizabeth Hay, daughter of John
Lord Tester, whose arms are dimidiate with those of her husband's in the House
of Seaton. He had, with her, two sons, George, his successor, and John, first of
the family of Carriston : Likewise four daughters, Marion, married to William
Earl of Monteith ; Margaret, to Sir Robert Logan of Restalrig ; Helen, to Hugh
Lord Somerville ; Beatrix, to Sir Walter Ogilvie of Dunlugas. He departed this
life the iyth of June 1545 : And was succeeded by

George, sixth Lord Seaton, was Provost of Edinburgh, in the Regency of Queen
Mary of Lorrain, and was commissioned by the States of Scotland, the i6th of
March 1557, to treat with the French King about the marriage of Queen Mary
with Francis the Dauphin. When Queen Mary returned to Scotland from
France, he was Master of the Household to her Majesty. In the House of Seaton his
picture is curiously done, in his own time, where he is made to hold the batton of
his office, being red seme of M. R. ensigned with imperial crowns. He was made
one of the Lords of her Privy Council, and was one of the Knights of the most
noble Order of the Thistle ; for, on the great hall of the House of Seaton, his arms
are yet to be seen, quartered with those of the Earldom of Buchan, surrounded
with the collar of that Order, with the badge of St Andrew pendent : Which,
with the Sovereign's, are to be seen finely carved on the boxing of the chimney of
that magnificent hall. He likewise repaired the fore part of the House of Seaton,
and especially that room called Samson's Hall, which he adorned with a roof of a
curious structure ; whereupon are twenty-eight large achievements, being those of
Scotland, France, Lorrain,. and the noble families that were allied with his family,
curiously embossed and illuminated, and are the most exact pieces of armories to
be met with. He firmly adhered to Queen Mary in all her troubles with an in-
violable fidelity. Her son King James VI. had a great respect and value for him,
insomuch, that he was pleased, in the year 1583, to send him ambassador extraordi-
nary to the court of France ; which negotiation he performed with honour and
success; and which commission is in the charter-chest of Seaton. He died soon
after his return, on the 8th January 1584. He had, for his lady, Isabel Hamilton,
daughter to Sir William Hamilton of Sanquhar, Lord High Treasurer of Scotland,
in the reign of King James V. and his wife Katharine Kennedy, a daughter of.

or CELESTIAL FIGURES, Wr. 235

the Earl of Cassilis. Her arms and his are curiously dimidiated in the abovemen-
tiuiicd hall. She bore to him Robert his successor; John, the first of the family of
Burns ; Alexander, the first Earl of Dunfermline ; Sir William Seaton, one of the
Chief Justices of the Borders of Scotland and England, and General Post-Master,
in which ollicc his son Sir William succeeded him, and died without issue ; and a
daughter, Margaret, married to Claud, Lord Paisley, of whom are descended the
Earls of Abcrcorn.

Robert, seventh Lord Seaton, was, with all solemnity and pomp, at Holyrood-
house, created Earl of Winton, Lord Seaton and Tranent, the ftli of November
1600. He was the first of our nobility, as I observed elsewhere, that took a coat
of augmentation as Earl, viz. azure, a star of twelve points or, which he placed by
way of an escutcheon over his quartered arms, and has been since, by his succes-
sors, impaled with the coat of special concession, beforementioned, granted to the
family by King Robert the Bruce. He departed this life 1603, and left issue by
Margaret Montgomery, his wife, daughter to Hugh Earl of Eghnton, Robert, who
died without issue ; George, who succeeded ; Sir Alexander, who became Earl of
Eglinton ; Sir Thomas, of whom the Seatons of Olivestob ; Sir John of St Ger-
mains ; and a daughter, Lady Isabel, married first to James the first Earl of Perth.
She bore to him a daughter, Jean, married to the Earl of Sutherland. Secondly,
she married Francis Stewart, son to Francis Earl of Bothwell.

Which George was Earl of Winton. He married first Lady Anna Hay, daugh-
ter to Francis Earl of Errol, by whom he had George Lord Seaton, who died in
his father's lifetime, leaving a son, George, by Henrietta his wife, daughter of
George Marquis of Huntly, who succeeded his grandfather ; whose second son, Sir
Alexander, was the first Viscount of Kingston. Likewise a daughter, Lady Eliza-
beth, married to William Earl Marischal. Secondly, he married Elizabeth Maxwell,
daughter to John Lord Herries, with whom he had Sir John Seaton of Garleton,
Sir Robert Seaton of Windygowl, who died without issue, Isabel, married to
Francis Lord Semple, Anna, to John Earl of Traquair, Mary, to the Earl of Carn-
wath. Earl George built the House of Winton, where his arms, and those of his
two ladies are finely cut. He died the I7th of December 1650, and was succeed-
ed by his grandson.

George Earl of Winton was educate in France, both at court and camp, where
he accomplished himself in the knowledge of arms and arts. He gave an eminent
proof of his conduct and bravery at the siege of Besancon in Burgundy. He
came over to England with a singular reputation, where he was graciously re-
ceived by King Charles II. and made one of his Majesty's Privy Council in Scot-
land. He married first Mary, daughter of Hugh Earl of Eglinton, and with her
had a daughter, who died young. Secondly, he married Christian, daughter
and co-heir of John Hepburn of Adiston, and with her had two sons, George Lord
Seaton, and Mr Christopher, who died unmarried. The Lord Seaton went abroad
to -his travels in June 1700, and before his return his mother died, the i8th of
November 1703, and was interred in the north-aisle of the Collegiate Church of
Seaton. His father, the Earl, died soon after, the 6th of March 1704.

George Lord Seaton, being Earl of Winton after his father's death, returned
home from his travels the ist of November 1707. He buried his father with a
great pomp and solemnity, in the abovementioned aisle, beside his mother : The
achievement then used at that solemnity was, quarterly, first and fourth or, three
crescents within a double tressure, flowered and counter-flowered gules, for Sea-
ton ; second and third azure, three garbs or, as a coat of pretension to the Earl-
dom of Buchan ; over all, by way of surtout, an escutcheon parted per pale ; on
the dexter, gules, a sword pale-ways, proper, hiked and pommelled or, supporting an
imperial crown within a double tressure of the last, as arms of special concession
by King Robert the Bruce ; and on the sinister, azure, a blazing star of twelve
points argent, within a double tressure counter- flowered or, for the title of Winton.
Which arms were adorned with crown, helmet, and volets, suitable to the quality :
and, in place of the wreath, a ducal crown ; and upon it for crest, a dragon vert,
spouting fire, proper, with wings elevated and charged with a star argent : above,
on an escrol, for motto, Hazard set forward ; supporters, two mertrixes, proper,
coloured or, and charged with three crescents gules ; to their collars chains art

-36 OF CELESTIAL FIGURES, tfc.

fixed, passing between their fare legs, and reflexing over their backs ; upon an
escrol, coming from behind the shield, and passing over the middle of the sup-
porters, are these words, Intaminatis fulget honoribus, relative to the surtout : And
on the compartment upon which the supporters stand, are these words, Invia vir-
tuti via nulla, the old motto of the family.

The branches of this noble family of the surname of Seaton (besides those who
have changed the name) whose arms I find upon record, are these following, ac-
cording to the time of their descent from the principal stem.

The first is JOHN SEATON, fourth son of the famous Sir Alexander Seaton of that
Ilk, Governor of Berwick, and his lady, Christian Cheyne. He got the lands of
Parbroth by marrying Elizabeth Ramsay, heiress thereof. She bore to him a son,
Alexander, whose arms I have seen illuminated in the House of Seaton, being the
paternal coat of Seaton, with the double tressure, with a small crescent in the
centre, for his difference, his father being the second son of the family who had
issue. His son was Sir Gilbert Seaton of Parbroth, father of Sir Alexander and
John. From Alexander the lineal succession continued till the reign of King
James VI.

From John descended JOHN SEATON, who married Janet Lathrisk heiress of
Lathrisk, of whom are descended the present Seatons of Lathrisk ; who have been
in use to carry the paternal coat of Seaton, with a boar's head in the centre, for
difference, being the armorial figure of the name of Lathrisk.

Sir Alexander Seaton, second son of Sir William Seaton of that Ilk, and his
lady, Katharine, daughter to Sinclair of Herdmanston, married Elizabeth Gordon,
daughter and heiress of Sir Adam Gordon of Gordon and Strathbogie. She bore
to him Alexander Seaton, who succeeded, of whom afterwards ; and WILLIAM
SEATON, the first of the family of Meldrum, by marrying Elizabeth Meldrum,
daughter and heiress of William de Meldrum, who, dying about the end of King
James I.'s reign, left the estate to his daughter and son-in-law ; whose son and
successor was Alexander Seaton, who was served heir to his mother, heiress of
Meldrum, 1456, and married a daughter of Sutherland Laird of DufFus, progenitor
of the present Lord Duffus ; and he quartered the arms of Meldrum, being argent,
a demi-otter issuing out of a bar, waved sable, with the paternal coat of Seaton.
By whom he had

William Seaton, who married Elizabeth Leslie, daughter to the Laird of Wardis ;
and with her he had only one son, Alexander, who was served heir to his grand-
father, 1512. He married Agnes, daughter to Gordon of Haddo, predecessor to
the present Earl of Aberdeen ; by whom he had two sons, William his successor,
and Alexander, Chancellor of Aberdeen, and Vicar of Bethelny.

Which William married, for his first wife, Janet, daughter to Gordon of Less-
more. She bore to him three sons, Alexander, John, and William, stiled portion-
er of Slety ; and, after her death, for his second wife, Margaret Innes, by whom
he had two sons ; Mr George Seaton, who was Chancellor of Aberdeen, and pur-
chaser of the estate of Bara, which he left to the house of Meldrum, and James
Seaton, Progenitor of the Seatons of Pitmedden. William Seaton of Meldrum
died in the year 1571, and was succeeded by his eldest son.

Alexander married Elizabeth, daughter of Irvine of Drum, by whom he had
Alexander, who, in the year 1584, married Christian, daughter to Michael Fraser
of Stony wood, predecessor to the present Lord Fraser; and, by her, had only one
daughter, Elizabeth, who, in the ytar 1610, married John Urquhart of Craigfintry;
but he dying before his father, his father took a second wife, Jean, daughter to
Abernethy Lord Salton, by whom he had two sons, John and William, succes-
sively Lairds of Meldrum, who died without issue ; and, by the last, the course of
succession in the male line, in whom the estate of Meldrum stood tailzied, was al-
tered, and, by disposition, conveyed to Patrick Urquhart of Lethendy, his grand-
nephew, in prejudice of the heirs-male of John Seaton, his uncle.

Which JOHN was second son of WILLIAM SEATON of Meldrum, and Janet, daugh
ther of Gordon of Lessmir. He married Marjory Panton, daughter to John
Panton of Pitmedden, who, by resignation of his father, became seised of the
lands of Lumfart and Broomhill, and the heirs of his body, confirmed by charter
under the Great Seal, in the year 1575, ns were the lands of Moiney, anno 1597-

OF CELESTIAL FIGURES, fcfr. 237

He was succeeded by his son William Seaton, designed of Mounie, and served
heir to his father in those lands, 1597. He married first Helen, daughter and
heir of Woodney of that Ilk, for which he wa> designed Seaton of Woodney ; by
her he had sons, William and Alexander of kinlocL; and, by his second v,
Marjory, a daughter of Innes of Coats, three sons, Jaino, David, and Thomas.

William, the eldest, son and successor, married Mtrguet, daughter of Sir Ro-
bert Graham of Morphy: It was this William that was disappointed of the estate
of Meldrum, by his cousin William Seaton, the last of the name of Seaton of
Meldrum, by breaking the tailzie as abovementioned. He had with his wire two
sons, who died without issue, and William, whose only son James, died also with-
out issue, ia France, of the wounds he received in the French service at the siege
of Lisle, 1707 ; so that the representation of the Scutum of Meldrum fell to the
heirs of Alexander Seaton of Kinloch, second son of William Seaton of Woodney,
and Helen Woodney, his spouse.

Which Alexander Seaton married Margaret Body, heiress of Pitfour, by whom
he had only six daughters ; and to his second wife, he married Mary Murray, one
of the maids of honour to King Charles I.'s Queen, daughter of Sir Mungo Mur-
ray of Craigie, by Margaret Halket, a daughter of Pitferran, and which Sir Mun-
go was third son to Sir Robert Murray of Abercairny, by Catharine, daughter of
Sir William Murray of Tullibardin ; by her he had two sons,. Alexander, who died
abroad in his travels, and Robert, now living. This Alexander, during the rebel-
lion against King Charles L raised a troop of the horse which he kept up upon his
own expences for two years and more ; after which, dismounting his men, with
them he kept the castle of Ravenscraig nine months for the king, for which he
\vas fined, and obliged to pay to the then prevailing powers. 69000 merks for his
loyal services, which proved the ruin of the family. He died at Kinloch, in
October 1672, and was succeeded by his only surviving son.

Which Robert Seaton, who, by the death of the above James Seaton of Mounie,
grandson to William Seaton, his father's eldest brother, to whom he is served and
restored heir, became the true and immediate heir-male and representative of the
Seatons of Meldrum ; he married Katharine, daughter of James Fall, Gentleman
in -Dun-bar, and his wife Elizabeth, a daughter of Cockburn of Cedra, by whom
he has issue, four sons, Robert, George, William, and James ; Robert, sometime
Captain in the third Regiment of Guards, and late Lieutenant-Governor of Black-
ness Castle, married to Mary Long, daughter of Richard Long of Brinzey, Esq.
in Somersetshire, and Francis Bransby, his wife. George Seaton was also an Offi-
cer in the Scots Guards ; William, a Writer to the Signet, and the fourth son
James.

Robert Seaton, as Representer of the family of the Seatons of Meldrum, carries
the entire arms of that family, as above blazoned, with the crest and motto, as in
the Plate of Achievements.

The other branch of the family of Meldrum is SEATON of ]?itmedden, the first
of which was, James Seaton of Burtie, abovementioned ; because, being son of
William Seaton of Meldrum, and his wife, Margaret Innes, daughter of Innes of
Leuchars, who was born by her in the year 1553. He married Margaret Holland,
grand-daughter to William Holland; Master of the Mint of Aberdeen, in the1
reign of King James V. She bore, to him Alexander his successor in the lands of
Burtie, Pitmedden, &c. and James ; in case of his son's decease, he tail/.ied his
estate to his nephew, John Seaton of Meldrum, as appears from a charter of the
date 1603, which I have seen in the custody of the present Sir William Seaton of
Pitmedden, with the other evidences which instruct the following descent of the
fam:ly. This James of Pitmedden carried the arms of Seaton, with a mullet for
difference, as they stand this day on his house in the city of Aberdeen, in the year
1591, and in the church of Udny, 1605. He was a person of great merit, as ap-
p£ars by his epitaph, composed by Dr Arthur Johnston, and published by all the
editions of his Epigrams, thus,

Tumulus JACOBI SETONI PETMEDDEM.

Ouem tegit hie cespes, f.istu SETONUS honores,
Divitias luxu, posse carere docet.
30

23S OF CELESTIAL FIGURES,

Alexander succeeded his father James, married Beatrix Ogilvie, sister to the first
Lord Banff, and had by her a son, John, and several daughters, married to hon-
ourable families. The estate of Bara was disponed to him by his cousin-german,
William Seaton of Meldrum, in the year 1630.

Which John Married Elizabeth Johnston, daughter to Sir Samuel Johnston of
Elphingston, and had issue by her two sons, James and Alexander: He was a firm
loyalist, and was unlickily shot in the year 1639, endeavouring, with other loyal-
ists, to put a stop to the king's enemies about the bridge of Dee, as they were ad-
vancing to the town of Aberdeen, and his eldest son James died, without issue, at
London 1667, of the wounds he received from the Dutch in their attack upon the
English fleet at Chatham : The abovementioned Elizabeth Johnston, after her
husband's death, was second wife to James Johnston, Earl of Hartfield, predeces-
sor of the Marquis of Annandale.

Alexander succeeded his father John Seaton of Pitmedden, who, for the loyalty
of his predecessors, and his own merit, was created a baronet in the year 1683,
and promoted to be one of the Judges in the Session and Criminal Court by King
Charles II. He married Margaret Lauder, daughter to Mr William Lauder, one
of the Under-Clerks of the Session ; by whom he had Sir William Seaton, Baro-
net, his successor, George Seaton of Mounie, and several other children. He died
the 29th of May 1719. His armorial bearing, as recorded in the Lyon Register,
is, quarterly, first and fourth or, three crescents within a double tressure, counter-
flowered gules, and, in the centre, a man's heart, for Seaton of Pitmedden ; second
and third argent, a demi-otter sable, crowned gules, issuing out of a bar waved of
the second, for Meldrum ; crest, a demi-man in a military habit, holding the ban-
ner of Scotland ; with the motto, on an escrol above, Sustento sanguine signa ;
supported on the dexter by a greyhound, proper, collared gules, and, on the sinis-
ter, by an otter sable, standing on a compartment, whereon are these words, Merces
bcec certa laborum.

SETON of Touch, quarterly, first and fourth Seaton, second and third argent,
three escutcheons gules, (some old books give the field ermine) supporters, two
greyhounds, proper; crest, a boar's head couped or: motto, Forward our's. The
first of this family was Alexander Seaton, eldest son of Alexander Seaton, Lord
Gordon ; the eldest son Sir Alexander Seaton, (second son of William Lord Sea-
ton) who married Elizabeth Gordon, heiress of Gordon of Strathbogie. The
above Lord Gordon begot Alexander, on his lady Giles Hay, daughter and
heiress of Baron Hay of Enzie, who, in right of his mother, was laird of Touch
and Tullibody, and got the lands of Gordon in the Merse, and was the first Baron
of Touch of the name of Seaton; and from him the family continues in a lineal
succession to the present Archibald Seaton of Touch: The barons of this family,
for their valour and loyalty, have been armour-bearers to our kings since the first
of the reign of King Jauies IV. with whom Seaton of Touch fell in the fatal bat-
tle of Flodden.

SEATON of Gargunnock, descended of Touch, carried three coats, quarterly, first
Seaton, second argent, three bulls' heads erased sable, homed vert, for marrying
the heiress of Turnbull of Bedrule ; third a-zure, three escutcheons argent, for
the name of Hay, and the fourth as the first. Font's Manuscript.

Sir WALTER SEATON of Abercorn, Baronet, descended of Touch, carries as Touch
before, within a bordure gules, for his difference; crest, a Cornish kae on the face
of a rock, proper : motto, Hazard warri/y, Lyon Register.

SEATON of Cariston, the first of this family was John, second son of George
Lord Seaton, and his lady, Elizabeth Hay, daughter of John Lord Tester. He
married Isabel Balfour, heiress of Cariston ; of whom is lineally descended
the present Lord Seaton of Cariston. The family have been in use to place in
the centre of the paternal coat of Seaton, an otter's head sable, being a part of
the Balfour's arms, and sometimes to quarter the entire arms of Balfour with their
-.nvn, as before in the Essay of the Ancient and Modern use of Arms.

SEATON of Barns, or, a sword in pale azure, hiked and pommelled of the first,
supporting an imperial crown between three crescents gules, all within a double
tressure, flowered and counter-flowered of the last. The first of this family was
John, second son of George Lord Seaton, and his lady, Isabel Hamilton, and im-

OF CELESTIAL FIGURES, fcfc.. 239

mediate elder brother to Alexander, first Earl of Dunfermline. He went abroad
young, and was one of the household of Philip King of Spain, and was made a
Knight of the Order of Calatrava; upon his return home, lie was, by King Jams.--.
VI. made one of the gentlemen of his Bed-Chamber, and Comptroller to his Ma-
jesty's Exchequer and Treasury in Scotland. He got from his. father the lands of
East-Barns, which were given by King Robert the Bruce to the family of Seaton,
•as before ; with the sword supporting the crown, which the family of Barns has
been in use to carry as an additional figure, because (as Sir George Mackenzie says
in his Science of Heraldry) these lands were at first granted with that coat of aug-
mentation. He married the eldest daughter of the Lord Forbes, from whom K
descended the present George Seaton of Barns.

SEATON Earl of DUNFERMLINE carried quarterly first and fourth Seaton; second
and third argent, on a fesse gules, three cinquefoils of the first ; supporters, two
horses at liberty ; crest, a crescent gules, with the word semper. The first of this
family was Alexander Seaton, third son of George Lord Seaton, and his Lady
Isabel Hamilton ; he, for his bright parts, was first commendator of Pluscardine,
and after was one of the Senators of the College of Justice, and then President of that
learned Bench ; and, by King James VI. created Lord Urquhart, thereafter de-
signed Lord Fyvie ; and, in the year 1605, was created Earl of Dunfermline, and
was High Chancellor of Scotland for eighteen years, till he departed this life, the
i6th of June 1622. He was thrice married, first, with a daughter of Patrick, Lord
Drummond ; 2dly, To a daughter of the Earl of Rothes. By these two wives he
had only daughters; and, by his third wife Margaret, daughter to John Lord Yes-
ter, he had Charles his son and successor, who was one of King Charles II.'s Privy
Council, and Lord Privy Seal, in the year 1671. He married Mary, daughter of
the Earl of Morton, and with her had Alexander, who died unmarried ; Charles
killed aboard the fleet in the sea-fight against the Dutch, anno 1672 ; and James,
who succeeded his brother Alexander in the honours ; and his only daughter Hen-
rietta, married first to William, Earl of Wigton ; and after to William, Earl of
Crawford, and had issue.

James, Earl of Dunfermline, was one of the Scots Peers, who, in the year
1688, kept firm in his duty to King James VII. and joined the Viscount of Dun-
dee with a troop of horse at the battle of Killicrankie, for which he was forfeit-
ed by the Parliament 1690. He retired to France, and died at St Germains 1694,
having no issue by his wife Jean, daughter of Lewis, Marquis of Huntly : So that
the honours, by reason of the entail to heirs-male, fell to George Seaton of Barns,
were it not for the forfeitures.

SEATON of St Germains, or, a fesse between three crescents in chief, and as many
tlower-de-luces in base gules, bar-ways ; so cut upon stone above the entry to the
house of St Germains. The first of this family was John, a younger son of Ro-
bert, first Earl of Winton, and his lady, Margaret Montgomery, daughter to
Hugh, Earl of Eglinton. He married one of the name of Kelly, for which the
flower-de-luces are added in base.

SEATON Viscount of KINGSTON, quarterly, first and fourth Seaton, second and
third argent, a dragon witli wings expanded, tail moved vert, as a coat of augmen-
tation, being the crest of the family ; supporters, two negroes wreathed about the
head and middle with laurel, proper ; crest, a crescent flaming : motto, Habet fc?
suam. The first of this family was Sir Alexander Seaton, a younger son of George,
second Earl of Winton. By his first wife Anna Hay, daughter of Francis Earl of
Errol, who, for his good and loyal services to his Sovereigns Charles I. and II. he
was by the last created Viscount of KINGSTON, 6th January 1650. He married
Elizabeth, daughter and heir of Sir Archibald Douglas of Whittingham ; by whom
he had Archibald his successor, and James who succeeded his brother in the ho-
nours, and Elizabeth, wife of William Hay of Drumelzier.

SEATON of Garleton, as in the Lyon Register, carries quarterly, first and fourth
Seaton, second and third Buchan, all within a bordure, quarterly, azure and or ;
crest, a star of six points ; with the motto, Habet if suam. The first of this fami-
ly was Sir John Seaton, Bart, eldest son of George, second Earl of Winton, and
his second wife, Elizabeth Maxwell, daughter of the Lord Herries.

OF CELESTIAL FIGURES,

There are several other ancient families who carry crescents for their armorial
figures, distinguishing themselves by the different tinctures of their crescents and
field of arms, as those of the surname of OLIPHANT, who carry gules, three crescents,
two and one argent. As for the antiquity of the family and surname, there was
an eminent baron of the name who accompanied King David I. to the siege of
Winchester in England, in the year 1142, named David de Olipbard, as h: Sir
James Dalrymple's Collections, p. 147, and the same man, or another of that name,
is to be found frequently a witness in that King's charters ; and particularly, (says
Mr Crawfurd in his Peerage) in that to the Priory of Coldingham, whereto his
seal is appended, which has thereupon, viz. three crescents, which clearly proves
him to be the ancestor of the noble family of Oliphant, who still bear the same
figures in their ensigns-armorial.

David de Olipbard was Justiciarius Laodonice, for so he is designed, being a wit-
ness in a grant by King William to the priory of St Andrews, and his son Walter
de Olipbard, in the same office, is designed Justiciarius Laodoniae, in the grant of
King Alexander III. to the canons of St Andrews.

Sir WILLIAM OLIPHANT is one of the barons mentioned in the letter from the
estates of Scotland to the Pope in the year 1320. Another, or the same Sir Wil-
liam Oliphant is witness in a charter of King Robert the Bruce, who married a
daughter of Sir Robert Erskine of that Ilk ; and the fifth, in a lineal descent from
him, was Sir Laurence Oliphant, who was created a Lord of Parliament, by the
title of Lord Oliphant, 1467. He married Isabel, a daughter of William Earl of
Errol, High Constable of Scotland ; whose posterity continued in a right line,
without interruption, till Laurence Lord Oliphant, who had only one daughter
Anne, by his lady, Anne Drummond, daughter to the Lord Maderty. She was
married to Sir James Douglas, brother-german to the Marquis of Douglas, who
was created Lord Mordington in the Merse, by King Charles I. with the prece-
dency due to the Lord Oliphant, in right of his wife ; notwithstanding of which,
Patrick Oliphant was served and retoured heir-male to his cousin-german Laurence
Lord Oliphant, the heiress's father last deceased, and got a new patent from King
Charles I. the I7th of June 1633. Both dignities stand in the Rolls of Parliament,
with their respective precedency, as in Sir James Dalrymple's Collections, p. 306.
Of this Patrick Lord Oliphant is descended the present Charles. Lord Oliphant,
whose achievement is as his predecessors, gules, three crescents argent, supported
by two elephants, proper; and for crest, an unicorn's head couped arge nt, maned
and horned or : with the motto, Tout paurvoir.

The cadets of this family are these, whose arms are matriculated.

OLIPHANT of Kelly, in the shire of Fife, was descended of Thomas^ eldest son of
Sir John Oliphant of Aberdalgy, predecessor to the Lord Oliphant, by his second
wife, a daughter of Home of that Ilk, in the reign of Robert III. three crescents
within a bordure ingrailed argent.

ROBERT OLIPHANT of Bachilton, descended of the Lord Oliphant, gules, a che-
veron between three crescents argent ; crest, a crescent or : motto, What ivaj
may be. Lyon Register.

OLIPHANT of Glassbinny, descended of Bachilton, the same, but makes the
cheveron for difference crenelle ; crest, the sun in his glory, proper : motto, Hinc
illuniinabimur . Lyon Register.

Sir LAURENCE OLIPHANT of Cask, descended of a second son of Walter Lord
Oliphant, carries the arms of Oliphant, with a small crescent in the centre for his
difference ; crest, a falcon perching, proper : motto, the same with the Lord Oli-
phant. Lyon Register.

LAURENCE OLIPHANT, Writer to the Signet, descended of a second son of Cask,
parted per fesse wavey gules and argent, three crescents counter-changed of the
same ; crest> an elephant's head couped argent : motto, Non mutat fortuna genus.
Lyon Register.

OLIPHANT of Condie, descended of the Lord Oliphant, gules, three crescents
argent, within a bordure counter-componed of the first and second ; crest, a falcon
volant, proper : motto, Altiora peto. Lyon Register.

OLJPHANT of Kinncdder, descended of the Lord Oliphant, the arms of Oliphant
within a bordure cheque, argent and gules : motto, Honesta peto. L. R.

OF CELESTIAL FIGURES, &c. 241

OUPHANT of Langton, descended of a third son of the Lord Oliphant, gules, a
cheveron crenelle, between three crescents argent ; crest, the sun in his glory,
proper : motto, Hinc illuminabimur * Lyon Register.

OLIPHANT of Prinles, descended of Oliphant of Oldcairn, gules, a saltier between
three crescents, one in chief, and two in the flanks argent ; crest, a hand pointing
to the clouds, proper : motto, Hope and not rue. L. R.

OLIPHANT of Culquhair, gules, a cinquefoil slipped, between three crescents
argent ; crest, a proboscide or elephant's trunk, proper. Lyon Register.

EDMONSTONE of that Ilk, now designed of Ednam, or, three crescents gules ; sup-
ported by two camels, proper ; and for crest, a camel's head and neck. Work-
man's Manuscript.

The first of this family is said to have been one ADMUNDUS, who came with
Queen Margaret to Scotland, and to have got from King Malcolm III. some lands
near Edinburgh, called after him Admunstoun, or Edmistoun, which became the
surname of the family. In the reign, of Alexander III. I find Henry de Edmunston
mentioned in a charter (in the Earl of Haddington's Collections) of William de
Craigmillar, son of Henry de Craigmillar, to the church of Dunfermline, of the
date 1253, concerning a toft of land, which Henry de Edmunston held of Henry de
Craigmillar, in austriali parte qua due it de villa de Noddriff, ad Ecclesiam de Lib-
bertoun.

John de Edmiston gets a charter of the crownership of Edinburgh, from King
David II. and he or his son, John Edmonstone, gets a charter from King Robert II.
of the barony of Ednam, mentioning him to be married to Isabel Countess of
Douglas, (relict of James Earl of Douglas, killed at the battle of Otterburn) a
daughter of that King's, as also a charter of the thanedom of Boyn, the 24th year
of his reign. The son of this marriage was David de Edmistoun, who is witness in
a charter of Robert Duke of Albany, to his son John Earl of Buchan, wherein
David is designed, Nepos noster dilectus. And King James II. gives a new charter
of the thanedom of Boyne and the lands of Tulliallan to James Edmonstone of that
Ilk, and his spouse Janet Napier, daughter of Alexander Napier of Merchiston,
dated at Stirling the first of February 1456. It seems they had no male issue, but
two daughters, who got the lands of Boyne and Tulliallan. The eldest, Elizabeth,
married Blackadder of that Ilk; the second was married to Walter Ogilvie, a young-
er son of Findlater, of which two in their proper places ; and the lands of Ednam
went to the next heir-male, from whom is descended the present laird of Ednam,
who carries the foresaid arms.

EDMONSTONE of Duntreath, or, three crescents gules, with an annulet in the centre,
so illuminated in the house of Falahall, which, with the lands of Fala, belonged
to Ednam.

Mr JAMES EDMONSTONE of Newton, or, three crescents gules, in caur, an annulet
of the second, surmounted of a mullet of the first, for a brotherly difference :
motto, Be hardy, Lyon Register.

JOHN EDMONSTONE of Bellewen-Edmonstone, now of Broik, descended of a second
son of the family of Duntreath, carries or, three crescents gules, an annulet sur-
mounted of a crescent in the centre of the second ; crest, a hand drawing a semi-
circle with a compass, proper : motto, Gauge and measure. Lyon Register.

CATHCART, an ancient family, who took their surname from their lands of that
name in Renfrewshire : The chief is the Lord Cathcart, who carries azure, three
cross croslets fitched, issuing out of as many crescents, argent ; supporters, two
parrots, proper ; crest, a hand issuing out of a wreath, holding up a crescent
argent : with the motto, I hope to speed. See Plate of Achievements.

It is said that, of old, they carried only crescents, and that after one of the
family had been in the wars in the Holy Land, added the cross croslets. As for
the antiquity of the name and family, Raynaldus de Kethcert, so writ of old, is
witness in a charter of Allan, filhis IValteri Dapifer, in the year 1178. Ranulphus
de Catbcart is also witness in a charter of this Allan Dapifer, progenitor of the
Stewarts, for which see Sir James Dalrymple's Collections. Dominus Alanus de
Cathcart, Dominus ejusdem, anno 1387, in the reign of Robert II. obtained the
baronies of Sundrum and Auchincruive in Kyle, in right of his wife, sister and one
of the 6o-heirs of Sir Duncan Wallace of Sundrum. Sir Allan Cathcart of that

-42. OF CELESTIAL FIGURES,

Ilk was dignified with the honour of Lord Cathcart, by King James II. 1447, of
whom is descended the present Allan, Lord Cathcart, who carries the above arms.
And of late the family has been in use to quarter the arms of Wallace of Sundrum
with their own, being gules, a lion rampant argent, as in Mr Crawfurd's Peerage.
See Plate of Achievements.

CATHCART of Carleton, being of an eldest son of a second marriage of John Lord
Cathcart, and his lady, a daughter of Douglas of Drumlanrig (now Duke of
Queensberry) in the reign of King James V. carried the arms of the Lord Cath-
«:art, as above, with a man's heart in the centre for his difference, being a figure of
the arms of Douglas. Font's Manuscript.

CATHCART of Carbiston, another son of John Lord Cathcart, and Margaret
Douglas, daughter to Sir William Douglas of Drumlanrig, ancestor to the present
Duke of Queensberry, carries azure, three cross croslets fache, issuing out of as
many crescents argent, two and one ; and in the collar point a man's heart ensign-
ed with an imperial crown, proper, as a maternal difference, from other descendants
of the family of Cathcart, and adorned with the crest and motto of the Lord
Cathcart abovementioned. For which see Plate of Achievements.

The first of this family was David Cachcart of Duchray, which lands he got
from his father John' Lord Cathcart about 200 years since : He married Agnes,
daughter of Sir George Crawfurd of Liffnoris, by whom he had Allan Cathcart,
his son and heir, in the time of Queen Mary ; who added to his paternal estate the
barony of Carbiston, by marrying Janet, daughter and heir of William Cathcart of
Carbiston, an old cadet of the family of Cathcart, as far back as the time of King
Robert III. from whom is lineally descended the present James Cathcart of Car-
biston, who married Magdalen, eldest daughter of Sir James Rochead of Inner-
leith, baronet. By her he had the present Colonel James Cathcart, and Captain
Thomas Cathcart, a brave youth, who was unluckily killed in Spain in the late
wars.

There have been several sons of this family, who have been eminent abroad in
the wars of France and Germany ; and particularly, one James Cathcart, a younger
son of William Cathcart of Carbiston, and of his wife Janet, one of the daughters
and co-heirs of Sir Robert Fairly of that Ilk in the county of Ayr, who went to
Germany, and, for his merit, was advanced to honourable offices, by which he ac-
quired a considerable fortune. He married the only daughter and heir of Bal-
thasar Schemet Schemet-Felt, Chancellor to the Duke of Deux-Ponts in Germany.
He was made one of the Gentlemen of his Bed-Chamber, Master of the Horse,
and one of his Counsellors ; in which offices he continued till his death, and was
solemnly interred in the great church of Heidelberg, where a noble monument
was erected over him, with his arms ; which last I have seen on his seals, affixed
to his missive-letters to his cousin, the present Laird of Carbiston, whereupon were
two oval shields accolle ; that on the right hand contained the arms of Carbiston,
as above, but the heart was not ensigned with an imperial crown ; and that on the
left had a deer springing, the arms of his wife ; and both those oval shields accolle,
were under a large coronet. Their grandson, William de Cutbcart, is one of the
Gentlemen of the Bed-Chamber to Prince Palatine and Duke of Deux-Ponts, and
enjoys his grandfather's estate near Deux-Ponts.

The name of HUMMEL, argent, a bend between two crescents gules. Font's
Manuscript.

MELVILLE Earl of MELVILLE carries crescents, as do the name of CRAIG and
CRAIGIE, of whom before.

KINCRAIGIE, sable, a fesse ermine, between three crescents argent.

KIRKALDY, gules, a cheveron argent, between two stars in chief, and a crescent
or, in base. Font's Manuscript.

There was an old family of this name designed of Inchture, which ended in an
heiress, Marjory Kirkaldy, who was married to Reginald Kinnaird. He got with
•her the lands of Inchture, which were confirmed to her by a charter of Robert III.
1399, of which marriage descended the Lord Kinnaird.

The next principal family of the name was KIRKALDY of Grange, in the shire of
Fife, gules, a cheveron between three stars in chief, and a crescent in base or ;

OF CELESTIAL FIGURES, Wr.

crest, a man's head, with the face looking upward, proper : motto, Fortissimo veri-
tas. New RC^SUT.

One of this family was Captain of the Castle of Edinburgh in the minority of
King James VI.

Tnc name of PATON, azure, a flower-de-luce or, between three crescents argent.
Font's Manuscript.

Mr ROGER PA i ON of Ferrochie, azure, three crescents argent ; crest, a spar-hawk
with wings expanded, proper : motto, Virtute adepta.

The name of SPITTLE, argent, an eagle with wings displayed sable, between three
crescents gules. Font's Manuscript. But in Workman's Manuscript, sable, a
a fesse between three besants or.

DURIK of that Ilk, in the shire of Fife, azure, a cheveron argent, between three
crescents or. They were ancient possessors' of the lands of Durie in Fife, in the
reign of Alexander II. Afterwards they built the Castle of Burntisland, in the
year 1382, called of old Wester-Kinghorn, whose name and arms are upon it, as
Sir Robert Sibbald, in his History of Fife. This family continued till the reign of
King James V. when Durie of that Ilk, leaving only one daughter, that king was
pleased to marry her to his favourite Sir Alexander Kemp, from whose issue Sir
Alexander Gibson purchased the lands of Durie.

Captain GEORGE DURIE, descended of the family of Durie, azure, a cheveron
argent, between three crescents or. New Register.

JOHN DURIK of Grange, in the parish of Burntisland, azure, a cheveron argent,
between three crescents, all within a bordure invected or. New Register.

MARTIN of Meadhop, sable, a cheveron between three crescents argent. Work-
man's Manuscript.

ANDREW MARTIN, Writer in Edinburgh, as descended of the Martins of Mead-
hop, carries the arms of Meadhop, but charges the cheveron with a mascle sable ;
and for crest, a lion holding in his dexter paw a crescent or : motto, Hinc fortior
fc? clarior. New Register. And there,

ANDREW MARTIN, Bailie of Anstruther, sable, a cheveron invected between three
crescents argent.

Mr ROBERT MARTIN, sometime Clerk to the Justiciary, descended of the fa-
mily of Gibliston, sable, a cheveron vair, between three crescents argent ; crest,
an adder with young bursting through the side of her, proper : motto, Ingratis
servire nefas.

The name of KILTRA, azure, two crescents and a star in pale argent. Work-
man's Manuscript. And there,

The name of PETTIOREW, gules, a crescent between three stars argent.

LAWSON of Humbie, azure, two crescents argent in chief, and a star in base or.
Workman's Manuscript. But Font's gives, azure, two mullets argent in chief,
and a crescent in base or; and to others of that name, parted per pale, argent and
sable, an orle counter-changed, and on a chief gules, three garbs or.

The surname of DURHAM, argent, on a fesse, between three crescents gules, as
many stars of the first. Font's Manuscript.

WILLIAM DURHAM of Grange, or, on a fesse azure, three mullets argent, and, in
base, a crescent gules ; crest, two dolphins bauriant adosse, proper : motto, Ultra
fert animus. New Register, And there,

JAMES DURHAM of Ardounie, a second son of Grange, the same as Grange, but
ingrails the fesse.

DURHAM of Largo, argent, a crescent gules, and, on a chief azure, three mullets
of the first ; crest, a dolphin, proper : motto, Victoria non prttdu.

Sir ALEXANDER DURHAM, sometime Lyon King at Arms, being a son of Durham
of Pitkerrow, purchased the lands of Largo, from those of the name of Wood ; for
which see Sir Robert Sibbald's History of Fife.

ALEXANDER DURHAM of Duntarvie, or, on a fesse azure, between two crescents,
the upper inverted, three mullets argent ; crest, a hand pulling a thistle, proper :
motto, Vive Deo. New Register.

And there ADOLPHUS DURHAM, Merchant in Edinburgh, son to the deceased Sir
Alexander Durham of Largo, sometime Lyon King at Arms, or, a crescent gules.

CELESTIAL FIGURES, \Sc..

on a chief azure, three mullets argent ; over all, a bend ingrailed gides ; crest, aa
increscent ; with the motto, Augeor dum progredior. New Register.

The name of NIMMO, sometimes wrote NEMMOCK, or, on a saltier gules, can-
toned with four crescents of the last, as many cinquefoils of the first. Font's Ma-
nuscript.

SIMPSON of Udoeh, argent, on a chief vert, three crescents of the first ; crest, a
falcon volant, proper : motto, Alls nutrior. New Register. And there,

ROBERT SIMPSON of Thornton bears the same, but makes the chief indented ; and,
for crest, a crescent or : motto, Tandem implebitur.

BLACK, of Temple, argent, a cheveron sable, between two mullets in chief, and a
crescent in base gules. Font's Manuscript.

BLACK, of Denniston, vert, three boars' heads erased or. Font's Manuscript.

GILBERT BLACK, Dean of Guild in Aberdeen, argent, a saltier sable, between a
mullet in chief, and a crescent in base gules, a chief of the second : motto, Non
crux sed lux. New Register.

The name of GLOVER, sable, a cheveron argent between three crescents ermine ;
with the motto, Surgite, lumen adest.

Those of the name of GLOVER, in England, carry the same, but make the cres-
cents argent.

A family of that name in Fife have their arms matriculated thus, sable , a cheveron
ermine, between three crescents argent j crest, a cock, within the horns of a crescent :
motto, Surgite, lumen adest.

LA PORTE de VEXINS, in France, de gueules, au croissant d1 argent charge de
cinque mouchetures de sable, i. e. gules, a crescent argent, charged with five ermine
spots sable. See Monsieur Baron's Art of Blazon. By which last examples ce-
kstial figures may be of the furrs received in armories. Sylvester Petra Sancta
gives us an example of a crescent vair, borne by MEREVI in France, de gueules au
croissant de vair, where he says, inveniuntur etiam lunae, pellita, vittatee, ac tesserulis
vermiculatte, that is, crescents of furrs, bars and bends> and cheque , of which he
gives examples.

In England many families have crescents for their principal armorial figures..
A few examples I shall here subjoin.

LEE EARL of LITCHFIELD, for his paternal coat, argent, a fesse between three
crescents sable . The family of Lee has been very ancient in the county Palatine
of Chester, and took its surname, as is presumed, from the lordship of Lee in that
county.

Sir EDWARD HENRY LEE of Ditchly, Baronet, was, by Charles IL's letters patent,
bearing date the 5th of June, in the 2,6th year of his reign, created Baron of Spils-
bury, in the county of Bucks, Viscount Quarendon, and Earl of Litchfield. He
married Lady Charlotte, one of the natural daughters of King Charles II. by
Barbara Villiers Dutchess of Cleveland, and with her had thirteen sons and five
daughters.

JERMYN Lord JERMYN, sable, a crescent, between two stars in pale argent. This
family was dignified by King Charles I. JERMYN Lord DOVER carried the same,
with a brotherly difference, viz. a crescent in the dexter chief point. He was dig-
nified by King James II. May 3d 1685.

The name of LUCY, m England, azure, a, crescent argent. And there the name
of PIERREPONT, g ules, three crescents argent.

The name of FLEMING, in England, gules, three crescents ermine.

COVENTRY, sable , a fesse ermine \ between three crescents or..

OTTERBURN there, gules, a crescent or. Morgan's Heraldry.

The name of BELL, in England, parted per cheveron, gules and argent, a crescent
counter-changed of the same. Ibid. Plate X. fig. 6.

The name of CHAPMAN, in Yorkshire, parted per cheveron, argent and gules, a
rrcscent counter-changed of the same. Morgan's Heraldry,

•TIAL FIGURES, fcfr.

THE INCH ESC:

Is the half moon, with its horns, or pointst towards the right side of the shield,
called an increscent, from the Latins, ; and by the French, croissant couche. It i-,'
said to represent the moon in its first quarter, and so the rising in time of some
hopeful spark, illuminated and honoured by the glorious aspect and beams <>i hi-
sovereign; as Guillim in his Display: And the Essay to Heraldry, in England,
exemplifies it, by the arms of one Dtscus, gules, an increscent or, as Plate X. fig. 7!

Ermine, three increscents gules, by the fartiily of SYMES of Daventry in Nor-
thamptonshire. Guillim's Display.

GILBERT NIVEN of Shousburgh and Windhouse in Zetland, azure, a fesse be-
twixt an increscent and decrescent in chief argent, and, in base, a branch of palm
slipped of the last ; crest, a branch of palm vert : motto, I'ivis sperandum. Lyon
Register. Plate X. fig. 8.

I know no bearing with us that carries only an increscent, but it is ordinarily
accompanied with other crescents, and then they are crescents affronte or adosse.

THE DECRESCENT.

•

WHEN the half moon looks to the left side of the shield, the French call it
croissant contourne : A decrescent, says Gerard Leigh, is fit for a man that is ad-
vanced to honour in his old age, when all other things decrease with him, being the
moon in her third quarter : Mr Kent, in his Book of Blazons, gives us the arms of
a baron in Yorkshire, thus, azure, a mullet or, in chief, an increscent and de-
crescent argent ; for which we ordinarily say, azure, a star of five points or, and
in chief two crescents adosse argent.

HAIC of Bemerside, an old family in the shire of Berwick, of which before ;
azure, a saltier between two stars in chief and base, and, in the flanks, two cres-
cents affronte argent, i. e. a decrescent and increscent. See Plate of Achievements.

The LUNATI in Spain carry azure, three half moons affronte, Plate X. fig. 9.
that is, a decrescent and increscent, in the dexter and sinister chief points, and a
crescent in base.

Sylvester Petra Sancta describes them thus, " Argentere lunula:, tres adverse
" omnes, hoc est, in se invicem vibrantes cornua, in ccerulea parmula." The
French say, d'azur a trois croissants affrontes if argent.

These in the arms of OSTELLI in Stiria are just contrary, adosse, azure, three
half moons back to back argent ; that is an increscent and decrescent in chief, and
a crescent reversed in base.

Favin, in his Theatre of Honour, gives us the blazon of the arms of VALERIA in
Spain, thus, " d'azur au lion rampant d'or, ecartele d'or a quatre croissants joints
" en forme d'annulet d'azur, a la bordure de gueules, charge de huit sautoirs d'or,"
i. e. quarterly, first and fourth azure, a lion rampant or ; second and third or, four
half moons joined together, after the manner of an annulet azure, within a bordure
gules, charged with eight saltiers or : Here the half moons, which seem to make
an annulet, are, a crescent reversed in chief, a decrescent in the dexter, an increscent
in the sinister side, and a crescent in- base.

CRESCENT REVERSED

HAS its points or horns downwards ; such an one, heralds and historians tell us,
Aben. Mahomet, the great Moorish Prince who over-ran Spain, carried on his
banners, viz. vert, a crescent reversed argent, all within a bordure, whereon were
words which signified, God is good, and Mabotntt is his great prophet : And after-
wards, at the famous battle of Naves- de T-jhsa, where that prince was defeat, and
his banner beat down, many families in Spain, to show that their progenitors shared
in that victory, carried crescents reverse, and bordures with holy words and sen-
tences, Plate X. fig. 10. Gtdes, three crescents reversed argent ; thus described by

OF CELESTIAL FIGURES,

Sylvester Petra Sancta, " Flexae deorsum tres lunube argenteolae, in arvo scuti
" puniceo, sunt Quasenareorum in Belgio."

The positions then of the half moon are by way of crescent. The French say,
croissant montant, tourne, contourne, renverse, which sometimes are situate in bend-
dexter and sinister, as the French, tourne en bande et en barre..

or STARS.

WHICH are as frequent in armories as the crescents, and have been considered,
in their nature, influences, appearances, and names, in composing of devices and
arms too ; yet, in the last, through a long descent to succeeding bearers, the consi-
derations upon their first assumption are almost totally forgot for wrant of record :
In place of which, we find only some herald books stuffed with stories and sym-
bolical representations of those figures, as if the present bearers of these were en-
dowed with divine qualities, and to shine on earth like those bright luminaries ;
whereas, in the most of them, there is no such thing to be found, and their honour is
only, that their brighter predecessors have transmitted to them those as marks of
their ancient nobility.

They are to be considered here as principal figures, distinguishing families from
one another, and not as marks of cadency and addition?.! figures, to difference
younger sons, by crescents and stars, among themselves.

The Star has, almost in all ages, been made use of as a mark of honour. Robert
King of France instituted the Royal Order of the Star, being of gold, with five
points in a field azure, Plate X. fig. 12. which the Knights of that Order wore on
the left side as a badge of honour ; and after the extinction of that Order, it be-
came the badge of the night-watch in the city of Paris.

JOHN King of FRANCE took for his device a star, with these words, Monstrant
regibus astra viam ; alluding to the star which appeared to the three kings in the
east at the birth of our Saviour.

The ancient family of BEAUX, whom the Latins call BAUSEII, sometime Princes
of Orange, carried for arms gules, a star of sixteen points argent, pretending to be
descended of one of these kings or wise men who came to worship our Saviour.
There was a branch of this family great Lords in the kingdom of Naples, as Jacob
ImhofF, in his Treatise of the Princes of the Empire, says, carried the foresaid
arms upon the same account.

The name of WISEMAN, with us, is said to carry both name and arms, in rela-
tion to that star which conducted the three wise men from the east, sable, a che-
veron between three stars of eight points waved or, as Sir James Ealfour in his
Manuscript of Blazons. Plate X. fig. 17.

The house of SALIS in Genoa, from which is descended the Marquis of SALIS,
azure, two bars or, each charged with another gules ; in chief, a crescent and two
stars of the second between the bars. The last figures were assumed, says Menes-
trier, by one of the family who was at sea with the Count of Savoy, in a great
storm ; but, perceiving the moon and two stars, gave great hopes to all the com-
pany of a safe landing, which accordingly fell out ; they have been since used in
their arms to perpetuate that event.

STERNBERG, in Germany, carries a star, in allusion to the name.

I shall mention the family of STELLA in Genoa, v'rr.. or, on a chief danccttc
mure, three stars of the first.

OLIVER VANORT, Commander of the Dutch fleet, in passing the straits of Ma-
gellan, upon the account of that expedition, was honoured with these arms, viz-.
azure, a fesse unde argent between two stars, one in chief, and another in base or ;
crest, a terraqueous globe, and upon it a ship ;. which arms were enveloped with a
mantle azure, seme of stars or. And Sir Francis Drake, who sailed about the
\vor_ld, got such another bearing, viz. sable, a fesse wavey, between two stars in
chief and base argent ; which represent the two polar stars, arctic and antarctic,
and which are carried by his descendant Sir FRANCIS DRAKE of Buckland.

The name of BAILLIE, with us, carries azure, nine stars, three, three, two, and
one, argent ; Sir George Mackenzie says they carried anciently only but six stars,

OF CELESTIAL FIGURES, fcfr. 247

as was on the seal of Sir JOHN BAILLIE of Hoperig, in East-Lothian, appended to
that agreement made at Berwick in the year 1292, with Edward I. of England, to
hear the claims of the competitors for the crown of Scotland. But afterwards, one
of the heads of that family, being in France, killed a wild boar ; and, to perpetuate
this action to posterity, he added other three stars, which, in all, make up nine,
to represent the constellation of ursa major, and, to make his achievement more
adequate, took, for crest, a boar's head couped, and, for supporters, two boar-.,
proper ; with the motto, £>uid clarius astris.

This family of Hoperig, after they got the lands of Lamington, has been de-
signed BAILLIE of Lamington, who uses the foresaid achievement.

I shall give several instances of the branches of this family, with their arms.

An ancient cadet of Hoperig or Lamington, was BAILLIE of Carphin, who car-
ried as Lamington, with a crescent for difference.

BAILLIE of Balmudyside, afterwards designed of Parbroth in Fife, a cadet of
Carphin, carries as Lamington, within a bordure argent, charged with eight cres-
cents of the first, as Plate X. fig. 13. crest, the morning-star, proper: motto,
Vertitur in lucem. New Register.

BAiLLiEof Polkemmet, descended of Gereston, a cadet of Carphin, azure, nine
stars, three, three, two and one, all within a bordure counter-nebule, argent and sable;
crest, a star of eight points or, issuing out of a cloud : motto, In caligine lucet.
New Register.

BAILLIE of Inshaugy in Ireland, descended of Lamington, bears as Lamington,
within a bordure waved or ; crest, a star of eight points issuing from a cloud :
motto, Nil clarius astris. Lyon Register.

These figures in the arms of the name of BailHe are known to be stars by the
motto ; yet some with us, and especially the English, call such figures, mullets or
mollets, even when accompanied with the moon, or surrounded with clouds, whom
I have followed before in several blazons, of which I thought fit here to advertise
my reader, and to show the difference between stars and mollets or mullets.

Mollet is the rowel of a spur, and has ordinarily six points, and is always pierced
in the middle, and so differs from stars, which have but five points ordinarily, as
Monsieur Baron, in his Art Herahliquc, " Molletes d'Esperon, que Ton appelle sim-
" plement mollettes, ont pour 1'ordinaire six pointes, et sont percees au milieu en
" quoiqu'elles sont differentes des e'toiles."

Yet the English call such figures of five points, unpierced mullets or mollets ;
Leig'h, Guillim, and Morgan say, they represent fallen stars or meteors ; and tell
us, that such an one fell down from heaven upon the shield of one of the progeni-
tors of Vere Earl of Oxford, when he was at the siege of Jerusalem, who carried
at that time, quarterly, gules and or ; and, ever since, the family has charged the
first quarter with a mullet argent. Whence all other stars, like it, in other arms,
upon other occasions, though representing fixed stars, more honourable than fallen
ones, are by them called mollets or mullets.

Mullets, having five points, and unpierced, are taken for stars and etoiles, espe-
cially when alone, and when they accompany other celestial figures ; but mullets,
when of six points, and pierced in the middle, and accompanying military figures,
are to be taken for spur-rowels, of which afterwards.

Mullets, then, of five points unpierced, are stars, as Plate X. fig. 12. and are
very frequent in old armorial bearings with us. Whether the frequency proceed-
ed from the ancient custom of the Scots and Picts, who went naked to the war--
having their bodies adorned with figures of divers colours, to distinguish themselves
by kindreds and clans, I shall not be positive ; though some, as the learned Cam-
den, in his Remains, at the. title of Armories, tell us, that some ascribe the fim
use of armones, in this part of the world, to the Picts and Britons ; who, going
naked to the wars, adorned their bodies with figures and blazons of divers colours.
And Monypenny, in his Manuscript Histoire of the Scots and Picts, in the Law-
yers' Library, tell us, that they artificially pounced or cut small holes in their skin,
and poured in coloured liquors, over which the skin grew, and the colour of the
liquor appeared through in the form of stars and other figures, by which they were
distinguished in kindreds and clans ; for which our author vouches Verimond, a
very ancient historian of Scots affairs.

243 OF CELESTIAL FIGURES, We.

The ancient and numerous, surname of MURRAY carry for their armorial figuivs
stars. Whether they be originally Scots, or from a colony, of Germans which is
said to have come to Scotland in. the reign of Corbredus II. or that of Fergus II.
I shall not offer to determine, but leave it to- our historians and antiquaries. It is
evident their name is from the country of Murray in the north, the ancient place
of their residence, and who owned a dependence upon, their descent of their kin-
dred from one common stock and head of the family, as their neighbours round
them did, to whom they were very troublesome, being powerful and numerous,
given to rebellion, against whom King Alexander I. marched and quelled in the
year 1108, as did his brother and successor David I. in- the year 1130, when Anegus
Earl of Murray was killed with the most of his people (see Cbronicon de Melross),
and those that were left were dispersed through the kingdom, but still kept their
name, as appears from Prynne's History, where they are to be found residenters in
many shires of the kingdom. Their descents I leave to our genealogists, and
shall mention them here only as to their armorial bearings and antiquity of their
families, according to the documents and vouchers I have met with.

In the ieign of King William the Lion, William de Moravia, filius Friskini, is
a witness in that King's charter to the Earl of Strathern, (Mackenzie's Manuscript
of the Nobility) ; and his son Willielmus de Moravia is witness in another charter of
that King's to the abbacy of Holyroodhouse, Dalrymple's Collections. He was
father of Walter de Moravia, father of another William de Moravia, designed P ane-
tarius Scoti<e, and Dominus de Bothwell y Drumshargard, Rymer's Feeder a Anglice
ad annum 1284. And in chartularies with us, he was one of the great barons sum-
moned to Berwick, as an auditor of the claims of the Bruce and the Baliol. In
Prynne's Collections, commonly called the Ragman-Roll, there are severals of the
name of Murray submitting and swearing allegiance to King Edward I.; some de>-
signed Milites, others Chevaliers ; so that the most eminent families then-, of the
name, seems to be Dominus Willielmus de Moravia, de Bothwell, miles, and Willi-
elmus de Moravia de Tullibardin, de Conte de Perth. This William Moravia de
Bothwdl had, by his wife, a daughter of Sir John Cummin of Badenoch, Sir An-
drew his successor, and John of Drumshargard.

MURRAY of Bothwell carried azure, three stars argent, as by his seals ; which
arms, as I am informed, are yet to be seen upon the church and castle of Both-
well.

Sir Andrew Murray Lord of Bothwell, by some designed Lord of Clydesdale,
joined in arms with William Wallace, and was killed in the battle of Stirling, 1297;
His eldest son was Sir Andrew Murray of Bothwell, who married Christian Bruce,
mister to King Robert I. and widow of Sir Christopher Seaton of that Ilk, as by
a charter granted by that King to Sir Andrew and his lady, of the lands of Carrie;
which is to be seen in the Earl of Haddington's Collections. He died anno 1338*
By his lady, Christian Bruce, he had John de Moravia, Panetarius Scotia, his son
and heir, vho died without issue, and was succeeded by his brother Thomas, who<
dying without male issue, left a daughter Jean, his sole heir, married to Sir Ar-
'•hibald Douglas, Lord of Galloway, thereafter Earl of Douglas. By her he brought
:.he lordship of Bothwell to his family, for which- the Douglasses have been in use
to marshal the arms of Murray of Bothwell, being azure, three stars argent, with
heir own.

The MURRAYS of Tullibardin,. (in Sir James Balfours Blazons)' azure, acheveron
between three stars argent. The same, Sir George Mackenzie asserts inhisManu-
icript, to have seen on the seal of William de Moravia of Tullibardin, 1292, a-
mong these of the barons who were called to Berwick by Edward I. of England,
for hearing the claims between the Bruce and the Baliol. The family of Tulli-
bardin has been in use, for many years bygone, to carry for their paternal arms,
azure, three stars argent, within a double tressure, flowered and counter-flowered or.
This family "was dignified with the title of Lord and Earl of Tullibardin, in the
person of Sir John Murray of Tullibardin, by King James VI. 1606. His son
William, second Earl of Tullibardin, married Dorothea Stewart, eldest daughter
to John Earl of Athol, by whose right the fortune and dignity came to the fami-
ly of Tullibardin, of whom, the Earls, Marquisses, and present Duke of Athol,
\vho were in use to quarter the arras of Stewart of Athol with their own, thus,

OF CELESTIAL FIGURES, fcfc. 249

first and fourth azure, three stars argent, within a double tressure flowered and
counter-flowered or, for Murray ; second and third, quarterly, Stewart and Athol;
the last, paly of six, or and sable; supported on the dexter by a \\ongules, collar-
ed azure, and charged with three stars urgent, being the supporter of Tullibardin ;
and, on the sinister, by that of Athol, a naked savage, having his feet in fetters of
iron, with one hand holding the chain, and with the other the .shield: crest, a
demi-savage holding in his right kind a sword, and in his left a key, all proper ;
with the motto, Furtb fortune and Jill the fetters.

ANDREW MURRAY of Touchadam guts a charter from King David II. in the last
year of his reign, of the lands of Touchadam and Touchntallar, in the shire of
Stirling; which charter I did see in the custody of the laird of Polmaise, descended
of him. In which charter, the King calls this Andrew Murray his cousin, dllec-
tus consanguineus noster. He was succeeded by his son William, as by another
charter, which also I did see in the custody of Murray of Polmaise, granted by
King Robert ILL " Dilecto &. fideli nostro Willielmo de Moravia, filio Andrea;
" de Moravia, militis, superioritatem Dominii terrarum de Tuchadam, Teuchmal-
" lar, y Kipmar, cum pertinentiis." I have seen the seal of arms of William
Murray of Touchadam, appended to a charter (.penes Polmaise) of John Haldane,
son and apparent heir of Bernard Haldane of Gleneagles, and his spouse Agnes
Monteith, to Matthew Forrester, burgess of Stirling, of the date the penult day
of April 1463. Upon the account that Agnes Monteith had no seal ot her own,
she appends the seal of William Murray of Touchadam, as by the words in the
charter, " Et quia ego dicta Agnes Sponsa dicti Johannis sigillum proprium non
" habui, sigillum honorabilis viri Willielmi de Murray de Touchadam, tune Con-
" stabularii & Custodis Castri de Stirline, in testimonium consensus &- assensus
" mei praesentibus apponi procuravi."

Upon this seal of Touchadam's is a shield, and thereon three stars within a
double tressure, flowered and counter-flowered, timbred with helmet and mant-
lings ; and, for crest, a mermaid, holding in her dexter hand a. mirror, and, in the
sinister, a comb ; supporters, two lions ; and for motto, Tout pret, i.e. Altogether
ready.

Which arms the present MURRAY of Polmaise and Touchadam, as descendant
and representer of this honourable and loyal family, carries on his seal ; as like-
wise do the cadets of the family, as GEORGE MURRAY, Doctor of Medicine,
fourth son, now living-, of John Murray of Touchadam and Polmaise, and his Lady,
Anne, a daughter of Gibson of Durie; with an annulet in the centre, for his dif-
ference, without the supporters.

MURRAY of Abercairny, another ancient family of the name ; some of v/hose
rvidents I have seen in the custody of the present Abercairny ; by which the
family has been anciently designed barons of Drumsargath. John Murray, Domi-
nus de Drumsargath, grants a charter of the barony of Ballnacricf, in favours of
his future spouse Mary, daughter to Malisius Earl of Strathern ; which charter
has no date; and it seems, after the marriage, the said earl grants a charter of the
lands of Abercairny, to John Murray of Drumsargath, and to his spouse Mary,,
his daughter, which also wants date. Their eldest son and heir, Sir Maurice, was
killed in the battle of Durham, in the year 1346, without issue, and was suc-
ceeded by his brother Sir Alexander Murray, who gets a charter from Robert,
Great Steward of Scotland and Earl of Strathern, confirming all the lands which
Malisius Earl of Strathern had given to his father John, and his mother Mary.
On the seal of the High Steward, appended to this charter, was only a triangular
shield, charged with-the fesse cheque, for Stewart. This Sir Alexander Murray of
Drumsargath married Janet, daughter of Hugh Earl of Ross, widow of the
Baron of Monymusk, and sister to Euphame Ross, Queen to King Robert II. as by
the contract of marriage, penes Abercairny ; which I have seen. This family
was afterward designed Barons of Ogilvie and Abercairny. John Murray, Dominus
de Ojri/fae, grants a charter of some of the lands of Ogilfae to the convent of Holy-
roodhouse, in the year 1409, to which charter his seal of arms was appended, hav-
ing a fesse between three stars, 2 and i. I have likewise seen a procuratory of
resignation, by John. Murray of Ogilive, of the date 1426, where he says, be-

•250 OF CELESTIAL FIGURES, bv.

cause he has not a seal of his own, he therefore appends the seal of John Landul,
which has an.orle between three cinquefoils, all within a bordure.

Winfredus Murray, Dominus de Ogilfae, makes a resignation of the lands of
Ogilfae, Abercairny, Kintocher, &c. in the hands of King James III. who grants
a new charter of them, in the year 1473, to Winfredus and his heirs, erecting
them into a free barony, independent of the Stewartry of Strathern. As for the
<eal of arms of this Winfred, I have seen it appended to a discharge of his, to
Alexander Robertson of Struan, of forty merks, as a part of the sum of five hun-
dred merks, as a tocher due by Struan to Alexander Murray, younger of Aber-
cairnie, who married his daughter, Margaret Robertson ; on which was a shield,
charged with a cheveron between three stars, 2 and i. Andrew succeeded to his
father Winfred, and was designed of Abercairny, as all the barons of that family
were afterwards.

Of whom was lineally descended Sir ROBERT MURRAY of Abercairny, who has
his arms matriculated in the Lyon Register thus, azure, a cheveron between three
stars argent ; crest, a mullet or : motto, Sans tache.

MURRAY of Cockpool carried for arms argent, a saltier ingrailed, and, on a chief
azure, three stars of the first ; as in Balfour's and Font's Manuscripts.

The saltier and chief are the figures of the old Earls of Annandale, which many
principal families, of different surnames, have used, who lived in or near that
country; as the Johnstons, Kirkpatricks, Jardens, Griersons, &c. of whom before.

The family of Cockpool changed the tinctures, making them azure after the
colour of the field of the arms of Murray, arid placed the stars on the chief. The
original charter of this family is from Thomas Randolph Earl of Murray, to his
nephew William de Moravia, the first of the house of Cockpool. Of this family
was John Murray of Dunrenan, a son of Charles Murray of Cockpool, who came
to be one of the gentlemen of the Bed-Chamber to King James VI. his Majesty's
Master of Horses and Privy Purse, and, by that King's letters patent, was made
Lord of Lochmaben, Viscount Annan ; who, afterwards, 1624, was honoured, and
the heirs-male of his body, with the title of Earl of Annandale ; who, in that qua-
lity, carried for arms, (as in Font's Manuscript) azure, a crescent between three
stars, all within a double tressure counter-flowered, with flower-de-luces argent,
and a dexter canton of the last, charged with a thistle vert, crowned or, as an aug-
mentation ; and, for supporters, two lions argent, crowned or; crest, an eagle with
wings, proper : motto, Noctesque diesque prtesto*

This family ended in his son James Murray Earl of Annandule, and the honours
returned again to the crown.

MURRAY Viscount of STORMONT, Lord SCOON, of the house of Balvaird, descend-
ed of Tullibardin, carries, quarterly, first and fourth, the arms of Tullibardin ;
second and third gules, three cross patees argent, for Barclay of Balvaird ; sup-
porters, two lions gules, armed or ; crest, a buck's head couped, proper, with a
cross patee betwixt his attires argent : motto, Spero meliora.

The first of this family was Andrew Murray, a younger son of Sir William
Murray of Tullibardin, and his wife Mary, daughter to the Earl Marischal.
He married Margaret Barclay, daughter and sole heir to James Barclay of Arn-
qjosk and Kippo, and with her got these baronies in the reign of King James IV.
From them was lineally descended Sir Andrew Murray of Balvaird, father of Sir
Andrew, his successor, and Sir David Murray of Gosparty, his younger son, who
laid the foundation of the honour of the family, being Master of Horses and
Captain of the Guards to King James IV. of Scotland, and I. of England. He
was created with all solemnity Lord Scoon, 7th April 1604, (as, by letters patent,,
and a note of his creaton and arms in a manuscript of Mr Workman, herald-pain-
ter, who assisted in the solemnity of his creation) by Alexander Earl of Dunferm-
line, Viceroy for the time, in presence of the Earls of Angus, Sutherland, Errol,
Morton, Marischal, Linlithgow, Fleming, Drummond, Lauderdale, and many other
nobles : And the two barons who carried the banner and pennon of his arms in
the solemnity, were knighted by the Viceroy, being Sir Andrew Balfour of Bal-
mouth, and Sir John Moncrief of that Ilk ; in that Manuscript their arms are
marked thus,

Or CELESTIAL FIGURES,

251

Which Lord SCOON curried on a shield a cross pntte in the centre betwixt two
crescents, and as many hearts azure, in chief, eacli charged with a star, and another
of the last in base ; which seems to me to have been a very odd composed ro.u ;
crest, a deer tripping before two trees: motto, &[>cr<t meliora ; supporters, that on
the dexter, a savage, wreathed about the head and middle, and the other tni the
sinister, a lion rampant gules.

Sir ANDREW BALVOUK. of Baltnouth's arms were argent, on a cheveron sable, an
otter's head erased of the first, ami a mullet in base ; crest, an otter's head ; sup-
porters, two women in rich apparel : motto, Ffjrv:unl, iwn tenure.

Sir JOHN MONCRIEF of that Ilk, whose arms there were argent, a lion rampant
gules, and a chief ermine; crest, a stork's head: motto, I-'imcit ; supporters, t\\<>
lions.

It is to be observed, not only by these instances, but many others, that knights,
with us, have been allowed to carry supporters, of which in another place.

DAVID Lord SCOON, in the year 1621, was advanced to the dignity of Viscount
of STORMONT, and the heirs-male of his body ; and, in failzie of such, to his heirs
of entail : It seems he laid aside his former coat of arms, (as Mr Pont, in his Ma-
nuscript j and carried quarterly, first and fourth azure, three stars argent, within a
double tressure, flowered and counter-flowed or, for Murray ; second and third
gules, three cross patees argent, for the name of Barclay; and, by way of surtout,
an escutcheon azure, a crescent argent, containing a flaming heart, proper, within
a double tressure flowered or, upon what account 1 cannot learn ; crest, a buck's
head couped, proper, and betwixt his attire, a cross patee argent: motto, Spero
meliora; supporters, two lions gules, armed or; which arms, as I am informed, stand
on the house of Scoon. He died 1631, without issue, and was succeeded by Sir
Mungo Murray, brother to the Earl of Tullibardin into his honour, and a part of
his estate as heir of tailzie. He died also without issue.

Mr Andrew Murray of Balvaird, the first Viscount of Stormont's nephew, was
created Lord Balvaird, 1641 ; his son and successor, David Lord Balvaird, came
to be Viscount of Stormont, upon the demise of James Murray Earl of Annandale,
who had also the title of Stormont. He was succeeded by his son David, Earl of
Stormont; and he again, by his son David, the present Viscount of Stormont;
which last Viscounts have disused the surtout in the last blazon, and carry only as
the first mentioned blazon.

MURRAY of Broughton, an old family in the shire of Wigton, is said to h;ivc-
settled there some time after the factions and divisions fell out among the families
of that name in the shire of Murray ; whereby many of them left that country,
and scattered themselves through several shires of Scotland, of which this family
is the only one of the name that settled there : As several other ancient families
of the name have settled in the South, of which immediately.

ALEXANDER MURRAY of Broughton, a Member of Parliament for the Stewartry
of Kirkcudbright, is the lineal representative of the said family, whose great-
grandfather, George Murray of Broughton, was Gentleman of the Bed-Chamber
to King James VI. and for his good services had several lands of considerable value
in Ireland, with divers superiorities in Scotland, given him by his Majesty; among
which are all the St John's lands in the shire of Wigton, as appears by a charter
under the Great Seal to the said George Murray, anno 1602, and the retour of the
said Alexander thereon. The arms of the family have formerly been the Murray's
arms only, but now they are quartered with those of Lennox of Galley, as marry-
ing the heiress thereof; which Lennox of Galley had formerly married the heu
of Sir John Stewart of Girthon, whose arms were composed of the Stewarts and
Lennoxes, viz. or, a fesse cheque, argent and azure, for Stewart, accompanied with
three roses gules, for Lennox ; as is to be seen on the gate of the old house of Gal-
ley. So that now the armorial achievement of the family is, quarterly, first and
fourth azure, three stars argent, for the name of Murray ; second and third or, a
fesse cheque argent and azure, betwixt three roses gules; crest, a griffin salient:
motto, Imperio; supported by two savages, holding battons on their shoulder?,
wreathed about the head and middle, all proper, as registered in the Lyons'
Books.

•25* OF CELESTIAL FIGURES, fcfo

MURRAY of Falahall, of late designed of Philiphaugh, an ancient family in Te-
viotdale, argent, a hunting-horn sable, stringed and garnished gules on a chief
azure, three stars of the first ;. crest, a demi-man clothed in green, winding an
hunting-horn, proper : motto, Hinc usque superna venabor. These of this family
have been long heritable Sheriffs of Selkirk and the Forest. Their ancient char-
ter, as Sir James Dalrymple, in his Collections, tells us, is from James Lord Douglas^
to Roger de Moravia, the son of Archibald of the lands of Fala, in the year 1321,
Of whom was descended, Sir John Murray, one of the Commissioners for the shira
of Selkirk to the Parliament, in the year 1612, who was designed of Falahall -r
and these of the family since have been stiled of Philiphaugh.

MURRAY of Blackbarony, in the South, a knightly family, claims also an ancient
descent ; for which see Dalrymple's Collections. And, in the Earl of Hadding-
ton's Collections, there is a charter of Robert Duke of Albany, Governor of Scot-
land, of the lands of Traquair and Shillinglaw, to William Watson and his
spouse Janet, daughter to John Carmichael, and to the heirs of their body ; which
failing, to Andrew Murray, son to the deceased John Murray of Blackbarony, from
whom is descended the present Laird of Blackbarony, who carries argent, a fetter-
lock azure, on a chief of the last, three stars of the first ; crest, a dexter hand
holding a scroll, proper : motto, Deum time. As in our old books and New
Register.

MURRAY of Elibank, in Selkirkshire ; the first of which family was Sir Gideon
Murray, Treasurer-Depute to King James VI. third son to Andrew Murray of
Blackbarony, and his wife Grissel Bethune, a daughter of Creigh : Their son Sir
Patrick was made a Lord of Parliament by King Charles I. in the year 1643. He
married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir James Dundas of Arniston, by whom he had
his son and successor, Patrick Lord Elibank. He married Elizabeth Stewart,
daughter of John, first Earl of Traquair, father and mother of Alexander Mur-
ray, third Lord Elibank, who married Anne, daughter of Alexander Burnet, Arch-
Bishop of St Andrews, by whom he had Alexander, the present Lord Elibank.
The arms he now useth bespeak him rather a cadet of Tullibardin, than of
Blackbarony, viz. azure, three stars within a double tressure counter-flowered
argent, and, in the centre, a marlet or, supported by two horses argent, bridled
gules; crest, a lion rampant g ules, holding a battle-ax, proper: motto, Virtute fide-
que. As in the Plate of Achievements.

MURRAY of Livingston, descended of a second son of Sir Gideon Murray of
Elibank, Treasurer-Depute to King James VI. or, a fetter-lock azure, on a chief
of the second, three stars argent, within a bordure indented gules ; crest, a hand,
proper, holding a fetter-lock or : motto, Inde securior. New Register.-

MURRAY of Spot, a second son of the first Lord Elibank, azure, a martlet-, be-
tween three stars argent, within a double tressure, flowered and counter-flowered or^
all surrounded within a bordure parted per pale, of the second and third; crest, a
horse argent, furnished gules : motto, Virtute fideque. Lyon Register.

MURRAY Earl of DYSART, azure, an imperial crown or, between three stars
argent, within a double tressure flowered and counter-flowered of the second; crest,
a mermaid, holding a mirror in her right hand, and in her left a comb, all proper ;
supporters, two lions gules, collared azure, and charged, with three stars argent :
motto, Tout pret.

The first of this family was William Murray, a son of William Murray, parson
of Dysart, a younger brother of Murray of Woodend in Perthshire, who descend-
ed in the reign of King James III. of a younger son of Tullibardin ; to whom
King Charles I. granted letters patent for making him Earl of Dysart Lord
Huntingtour ; but those letters did not pass the seals till the third year of the
reign of King Charles II. He had, by his wife Elizabeth Bruce, of the family of
Clackmanan, two daughters : The eldest, Elizabeth Countess of Dysart, procured
letters patent, whereby the honour was conferred on herself and her heirs. She
was twice married ; first, to Sir Lionel Talmash of Hemlingham in England, and
bore to him Lionel Talmash, Lord Huntingtour and Earl of Dysart, and two-
daughters.. The first, Elizabeth Talmash Dutchess of Argyle, and mother to the
present duke ; the second, Katharine, wife to the Lord Down : And after his de^
cease, to John Earl of. Sutherland, but had no issue. The Countess of Dysart

OF CELESTIAL FIGURES, isc.

married, secondly, Jolin Duke of Lauderdale, and her sister, Margaret, married
William Lord Maynard in England.

CHARLES MURRAY Earl of DUNMORE, a second son of John Marquis of Atho!,
and his lady, Emilia Stanley, daughter of James Earl of Derby, was dignified by
King James Vll. with the title of Earl, and carried the quartered arms of Athol,
with a crescent for difference : And since, as by Mr Crawr'urd's Peerage, with a
part of his mother's paternal bearing.

Sir THOMAS MURRAY of Glendoick, Baronet, and Clerk-Register, a son of Sir Ro-
bert Murray of Woodend, descended of Murray of Ochtertyre, who was descend-
ed of Tullibardin, azure, a cross putee between three mullets argent, within a
double tressare counter-flowered or, with the badge of Nova Scotia ; crest, a
dexter hand holding a mirror, proper : motto, Nosce teipsum. New Register.

Sir WILLIAM MURRAY of Ochtertyre, Baronet, azure, three stars argent, in the
centre a cross of the second, surmounted of a saltier gules > crest, an olive branch,
proper: motto, In bdlo'quies. Lyon Register.

DAVID MURRAY, Apothecary and Burgess of Perth, descended of a fourth son of
the family of Ochtertyre, bears as Ochtertye, and, for difference, in the dexter
chief, a martlet or. Ibid.

DAVID MURRAY, a third son of the House of Dullace, descended of a second
brother of the family of Ochtertyre, carries as Ochtertyre, and, for difference, a
crescent, surmounted of a mullet, in the dexter chief point. New Register.

Sir JOHN MURRAY of Drumcairn, sometime one of the Senators of the College of
Justice, second son of Andrew Murray Lord Balvaird, azure, a cross patee between
three stars argent ; crest, a swan's head couped, proper : motto, Malo mori quam fue-
dari. Ibid.

JOHN MURRAY of Struan, one of the seventeen brothers of Tullibardin, azure,
three mullets argent ; and, for a brotherly difference, in the middle chief point, a
crescent or. Ibid.

HENRY MURRAY of Lochnow, descended of the family of Struan, azure, a fal-
con's head erased between three stars argent ; crest, a greyhound courant, proper :
motto, Gloria non preeda. IbicL

MURRAY of Stanhope, Baronet, bears three coats, quarterly, first argent, a hunt-
ing-horn sable, stringed and garnished gules ; on a chief azure three stars of the
first, as descended of Philiphaugh ; second azure, three frases argent, for Fraser ;
third argent, on a chief gules, three crescents or ; fourth as first ; crest, a dove
with an olive branch in her beak, proper : motto, Pacts nuncia. Lyon Register.

MURRAY , of Deuchar, descended of Philiphaugh, carries as Philiphaugh, within a
bordure gules ; crest, an escalop g ules : motto, Fidei Signum. Ibid.

GIDEON MURRAY of Pitkeirie, descended of Philiphaugh, as Philiphaugh ; and,
for difference, in the collar point, a mullet surmounted of a crescent ; crest, a ship
under sail, proper : motto, Tutum te littore sistam. Lyon Register.

ALEXANDER MURRAY of Priestfield, descended of Philiphaugh, as Philiphaugh ;
but for difference, has the chief waved ; crest, a burning lamp, proper ; motto,
Placeam. Ibid.

JAMES MURRAY of Pennyland, azure, a besant between three stars argent; crest,
a mermaid holding a sword in her right hand, proper : motto, /// utrumque paratus.
Ibid.

DAVID MURRAY of Clarendon, third brother to Pennyland, carries as Pennyland,
with a mullet for difference. Ibid.

Captain JOHN MURRAY, in General-Major Kirkpatrick's regiment, under the Prince
of Orange, descended of a younger brother of the family of Tullibardin, itzurc, a
thistle or, between three stars argent ; all within a double tressure counter-flowered
of the second; crest, a lion's paw holding a sword, proper: motto, Fortes for tuna
adjuvat. Ibid.

GEORGE MURRAY, sometime Cornet of the King's Guard of Horse, a younger
son of the Lord Elibank, carried as Elibank, within a bordure embattled argent :
crest, a horse salient, proper, furnished gules : motto, fund a virtuti fides. L. R.

There are other ancient families of the name of Murray in the north ; as Mur-
ray of Coubine, and Murray of Pulrossie in Sutherland, and others of the name
in Caithness, whose armorial bearings I have not met with. The name has spread

254 OF CELESTIAL FIGURES,

from the shire of Murray, to Caithness and Sutherland, to Galloway, Teviotdale
and East-Lothian ; as Sir James Dalrymple observes in his preface to his Scots
Collections.

These of the name of SUTHERLAND, gules, three stars or, are said to be originally
from a part of a colony of Germans, called the Catti, who came to Scotland in the
reign of Corbredus II. about the year of Christ 76, and possessed that north part of
Scotland called from them Caithness ; and these of that colony who lived south-
ward, called the country Sutherland, from which came the name of the family;
the heads of which were THANES, afterwards Earls of SUTHERLAND ; as Alexander
Ross, in his Description of that Country. Favin, in his Theatre of Honour, speak-
ing of these Allemagne people, the Catti, says, they carried for arms, d 'argent un chat
de sable, i. e. argent, a black cat. The cat has always been the badge or crest of
those families with us that are said to be descended of the Catti ; as the Suther-
lands, the Macphersons, and others of the Clan-chattans. Sir George Mackenzie,
has this conjecture for Sutherland carrying a cat salient for crest ; because, says
he, the country of Sutherland is called Cattu, from the great number of wild cats
which were of old in that country. As for the ancient use of the cat for the crest
of the family of Sutherland, Sir James Balfour, in his Manuscript, says, he has seen
the seal of arms of one of the old Earls of Sutherland, which had a shield charged
with three stars, and adorned with a cat salient for crest, appended to a charter of
that Earl's to the Monks of Dunfermline, in the reign of King David I. As for
the antiquity of this noble family, all our national historians, and others, upon
very good vouchers, tell us, that ALANUS Thane of SUTHERLAND was killed by
Macbeth the Usurper : And his son Walter, was made Earl of Sutherland by
Malcolm Canmore, in the year 1061 : His son, the second Earl, built the Castle of
Dunrobin, /. e. the Hill of Robert. His great-grandson, William, fifth Earl of
Sutherland, entered into a contract of agreement with Archibald, Bishop of Caith-
ness : I have seen the principal writ betwixt the Earl of Sutherland and the said
bishop, dated the loth of the calends of October 1275, wherein it is narrated, that
there had bee.n a long controversy between Gilbert, William, and Walter, Bishops
of Caithness, and William, and his son William, Earls of Sutherland.

William's son and successor was Kenneth, sixth Earl of Sutherland, who was
father of William and Nicol, the first of the House of Duffus ; which William
was the seventh Earl : From him was lineally descended John Earl of Sutherland,
who died without issue in the year 1508, and was succeeded by his sister Elizabeth.
She was served heir to her brother, Earl John, 1514, and had for her husband
Adam Gordon of Boyne, second son to George second Earl of Huntly ; of whom
were descended the Earls of Sutherland, who retained the surname of Gordon, and
marshalled the arms of Huntly and Sutherland together. Sometimes they placed
the arms of Sutherland by way of surtout, over the quartered arms of Gordon and
Seaton ; and at other times, they quartered Sutherland in the first and fourth
quarters, and in the second and third, Gordon and Seaton, quarterly. John, the
present Earl of Sutherland, has laid aside the name and arms of Gordon, and uses-
only the name and arms of Sutherland, surrounded with the double tressure of
Scotland ; the supporters are two savages, proper, wreathed about the head and
middle with laurel ; and for crest, a cat seiant, proper : motto, Sans peur, i. e.
Without fear.

The ancientest cadet of the Earl of Sutherland, now extant, is the Lord DUFFUS.
The first of this noble family was NICOL SUTHERLAND, who got from his fa-
ther, the Earl of Sutherland, the lands of Torboll. He married Jean, heiress of
Cheyne of Duffus, and with her got those lands ; her paternal coat being gules,
three cross croslets filched or ; which were composed together with his paternal
arms in one shield. Afterwards one of his successors married an heiress of the
name of Chisholm, who carried azure, three boars' heads erased or ; for which the
family carried one of them in the centre, and composed the armorial coat of Duffus
thus ; gules, a boar's head erased between three stars, 2 and i, and as many cross
croslets i and i. or. Of late they have marshalled the arms, as first and fourth
Sutherland, second and third, Cheyne and Chisholm, which are adorned with ex-
terior ornaments, as those of the Earl of Sutherland. This family was dignified
with the title of Lord Duffus by King Charles II. the 8th of December 1650.

OF CELESTIAL FIGURES; fcfr. • «55.

WILLIAM SUTHERLAND of Kinstory, descended of DufTus, gules, a boar's head
erased between three mullets in chief, and as many croslets fitc be in base or,
within a bordure argent; crest, a cat salient, proper: motto, Still without fear.

The other cadets of the Earl of Sutherland, since the year 1514, continue in
the surname of Gordon ; as Sir Robert Gordon of Gordonston, second son of Alex-
ander Earl of Sutherland, and his lady, Jean, Countes* of Bothwell, daughter to
the Earl of Huntly. He was one of the Gentlemen of the Bed-Chamber to King
Charles I. and was the first Knight-Baronet in Scotland ; he carried, quarterly,
first and fourth grand quarters, quarterly, first azure, three boars' heads couped
or, for Gordon ; second or, three lions' heads erased gules, for Badenoch ; third
or, three crescents within a double tressure counter- flowered gules, for Seaton ;
fourth azure, three cinquefoils argent, for Fraser, being the quartered arms of the
femily of Huntly ; second and third grand quarters, gules, three stars or, for the
name of Sutherland ; all surrounded with a bordure of the last, for ditVerence ;
crest, a cat salient, armed azure, supported on the dexter by a deer-hound argent,
collared gules, and charged with three buckles or, and on the sinister by a savage,
proper, wreathed about the head and middle with laurel vert. Lyon Register.

GORDON of Clunie, a second son of Gordonston, carries the same with Gordon-
ston, and, for a further difference, charges the bordure with crescents gules ; crest,
a dove volant argent, with an olive branch in its beak : motto, Pax W libertas.
New Register.

SOMERVILLE Lord SOMERVILLE, azure, three stars or, accompanied with seven
cross croslets fitched argent, 3, i, 2 and i ; as on a seal and old stone belonging
to the family, which I have seen, and in Esplin's Illuminated Book of the Arms or'
the Nobility. But in other old books of blazon, I have found those figures thus
disposed, the three stars, two and one, within an orle of seven cross croslets ; sup-
porters, two hounds, proper, collared gules ; crest, a wheel or, and upon it a dra-
gon vert, spouting out fire behind and before : motto, Fear God in life. The first
of this name and family is said to be a Norman, who came to England with Wil-
liam the Conqueror, and got the lands of Whichnour, in the county of Stafford in
England. William de Somervil> a son of that family, came to Scotland iu the
reign of King Edgar, as by the Historical and Genealogical Manuscript of the Fa-
mily. Besides which, William de Somervil is witness in a charter of King Da-
vid I. to the abbacy of Coldingham, and in the charters of Kelso and Melrose ;
for which see more fully Dalrymple's Collections, page 394.

William Somerville of Linton was one of the nobles that exercised in a tourna-
ment at Roxburgh Castle, appointed by Alexander II. upon the festivals of his
Majesty's marriage.

JOHN SOMERVILLE, by marrying the daughter of Douglas of Loudonhill, got with
her the lands of Carnwath. Their son, Walter, obtained from King David II.
two charters of confirmation of the lands of Linton and Carnwath, (penes Somer-
ville of Drum). This Sir Walter married Giles, daughter to Sir John Herring of
Edmonstone in Clydesdale, and got with her the barony of Gilmerton, containing
the lands of Drum in Mid-Lothian : Their son and successor was Sir John Somer-
ville, Baron of Carnwath. He married Margaret Edmonstone, daughter of Sir John
Edmonstone of that Ilk, and got with her the lands of Cambusnethan, which for-
merly belonged to the Bairds, confirmed to him by King Robert II. 's charter, at
Stirling the I4th of July 1381. And their son, Sir Thomas Somerville, married
Mary Sinclair, daughter to the Earl of Orkney, who (as the Manuscript of the
Family) was created Lord Somerville by King James I. But others say, his son
William was the first Lord Somerville, by King James 11. Dalrymple's Collections.
Of him was linally descended Hugh, sixth Lord Somerville, who married Helen,
daughter to George Lord Seaton, He had with her several children, Gilbert Lord
Somerville, and Hugh, the first of Drum.

Lord Gilbert sold the lordship of Carnwath to John Earl of Marr, and James
Earl of Buchan. He had only one daughter, who, by a settlement and decreet,
was divested of these lands and honours. And his brother. HUGH SOMERVILLE ot
Drum, being one of the Pages of the Bed-Chamber to King James VI. and as heir-
male to his brother, might have taken upon him the title and dignity of Lord

256 OF CELESTIAL FIGURES, bV.

Somerville ; but he nor his successors never claimed it, but carried the foresaid
arms, as doth the present Somerville of Drum. Of whom before.

Another eminent family of this name, was the SOMERVILLES Barons of Cam-
nethan, or Cambusnethan. The first was Sir John Somerville, a son of John Lord
Somerville, by his second marriage with his lady, Mary Baillie, a daughter of La-
mington. I have not met with this family's arms in old books ; but in the Lyou
Register they are, of late, recorded thus. James Somerville of Usher to

his Majesty's Exchequer, representer of the family of Cambusnethan, bears argent,
three mullets gules, within an orle of six cross croslets fitched sable; crest, a
dexter hand in pale, proper, holding a crescent argent : motto, Donee rursus implcat
orbem.

ARBUTHNOT Viscount of ARBUTHNOT, chief of the name, azure, a crescent be-
tween three stars argent ; supporters, two dragons with wings expanded, and tails
nowed vert, spouting out fire ; crest, a peacock's head and neck, proper : motto,
Laus Deo.

The first of this family is said to have married a daughter of Oliphard, Sheriff
of the Merns, in the reign of King Edgar ; and with her got the lands of Aber-
bothenoth, from which the name.

RICHARD de ABERBOTHENOTH is witness in a charter granted by the abbot and
convent of Kelso, in the year 1178, to Reginald, then elected abbot of Aberbroth-
wick. Sir George Mackenzie's Manuscript.

DUNCAN de ABERBOTHENOTH is witness to a donation of King Alexander II. to the
abbacy of Aberbroth 1242: As in the Register of that Abbacy. And there, in
the year 1282, Hugh de Aberbroth grants the patronage of the church of Garvock,
in pure alms, to the Monks of Aberbrothick : And, in the year 1367, Philip de
Aberbothenoth Dominus ejusdem was a benefactor to the church of Aberdeen.

In the year 1421, Hugh Arbuthnot (the same with Aberbothenoth) with other
gentlemen of the Merns, who had been accessory to the slaughter of John Melville
of Glenbervie, were received to the Lack of Clan M'Duff, as being within nine
degrees of kin to M'Duff Earl of Fife ; as by a certificate under the hand and
seal of one Johntson, Steward of Fife. From this Hugh was lineally descended
Robert Arbuthnot of that Ilk, who was dignified with the title of Viscount of Ar-
buthnot, by letters patent, dated at Holyroodhouse, the i6th of November 1641 ;
of whom is the present Viscount.

ARBUTHNOT of Findowry, descended of Arbuthnot of that Ilk, azure, a crescent
between three stars within a bordure argent ; crest, a peacock issuing out of the
wreath, proper : motto, Interna preestant. New Register.

SIMEON ARBUTHNOT of Catherlan, a third son of Arbuthnot of that Ilk, and his
lady, Margaret Fraser, daughter of the Lord Fraser, azure, a cresent between three
stars within a bordure argent, charged with eight cinquefoils of the first ; crest, a
peacock's head couped, proper, charged with a mullet or: motto, Sit laus Deo.
Ibid.

JOHN ARBUTHNOT of Fiddes, another younger son, the arms of Arbuthnot, with-
in an orle of eight cinquefoils argent, because his mother was a Fraser ; with the
crest of Arbuthnot ; and for motto, Tarn internet quam externa. Ibid.

The surname of BRODIE, argent, a cheveron gules, between three stars azure.
The chief is BRODIE of that Ilk, in the shire of Murray. The first of this family
was one Michael, son of Malcolm, who got the lands of Brodie, in the reign of
King Robert I. and, from the lands, took the surname of Brodie. See Sir George
Mackenzie's Manuscript. Of whom is descended the present Laird of Brodie.
The family, it seems, has been in use, as chief of the name, to carry supporters,
viz. two savages wreathed about the head and middle with laurel ; and for crest,
a right hand holding a bunch of arrows, all proper; with the motto, Unite. As in
Plate of Achievements.

The surname of CAUSLAND, argent, two stars, and a crescent in base sable, a chief
cheque, of the first and second. Font's Manuscript.

The surname of AUSTON, gules, six stars, three, two, and one, argent, within a
bordure indented or. Font's Manuscript.

Some Heralds, as I observed before ; but especially the English, call stars of five

OF CKLHSTIAL FIGURES, tfr. 257

straight points, mullets ; but, if of more points than five, and wavey, they blazon
them stars, of so many points.

i'S of that Ilk, argent, three stars of six points waved azure, Plate X. fig. 15.
and, in the dexter canton, the badge of Knight Baronet ; supporters, two grey-
hounds, proper, collared azure, and charged with three star-, ; crest, a boar's head
couped or ; with the motto, Be traist. This family was in use to quarter their
arms (till of late) witli these of the surname of Aberkerder, \\Lgules, three bcar\
heads erased or, mu/zlcd sable.

The first of this family was Berhvaldns Flandrensis. The nanu- FLASDK.I
says Sir James Dalrymple, in the Appendix to his Historical Collections, is frequent-
ly to be found in the Charters of Kelso and Paisley. And it is not to be doubted
but Flandrensis, Flawing, and Flammaticns, are all one surname, frequent in old
charters, given to persons residing in Scotland come from Flanders; and that these
in the South and West of Scotland, have retained the name Flandrensis, or Flem-
ing ; but these in Murray have taken their surname from their lands, as Innes of
that Ilk ;' and have made their arms agreeable to those of the old Murrays in the
shire of Murray. I have seen a transumpt of the charter of Malcolm VI. of the
lands of Innes, granted to Beriwa/dus Flandrensis, penes Dom. de Innes ; as also, a
principal one, granted by Alexander II. in the i2th year of his reign, which con-
firms the lands of Innes, to Walter Innes the son of John, the son of Beriwald
Flandrensis. In a charter of Kind David II. of the Forestry of Boyne, amongst
the witnesses is Robertus de Innes, Dominns cjusdem.

JAMES INNES of that Ilk, was Armour-Bearer to King James III. He gets from
that king several lands in the shire of Elgin ; as by that king's charter, (in
the Earl of Haddington's Collections) of which follows a short abstract. " Jaco-
" bus 8tc. Sciatis nos pro fideli gratuitoque servitio nobis per armigerum nostrum
" Jacobum Innes, de eodem temporibus retroactis multipliciter impenso suis servito-
" ribus &. amicis, in exercitu nostro apud Blackness, sub nostro vexillo in defen-
" sione nostrae personse regije &• coronae, &c." dated at Edinburgh the 24th of
May.

The cadets of this family are as follows in the New Register.

ALEXANDER INNES of Blairton, descended of Innes of Benwall, argent, a fesse
between three stars azure; crest, a primrose, proper, and thereupon a bee sucking
the same ; with the motto, E labore dulcedo. These arms were altered by a new
warrant under the Lyons' hand and seal, dated pth of November 1688, in favours of
Mr Robert Innes, now of Blairton, Writer to his Majesty's signet and Lyon-De-
pute, thus, ermine, three stars, two and one azure; crest, a thistle, proper, with a
bee sucking the flower thereof : motto, E labore dulcedo.

Mr ROBERT INNES, Minister of Gamry, descended of Innes of Benwall, argent,
a fesse ingrailed between three stars azure, with Blairton's first crest and motto, £tc.

Mr JOHN INNES, parson of Balhalvie, descended of Benwall, carries the same
arms and crest, but makes the fesse waved. And Thomas Innes, another cadet
of Benwall, the same arms and crest, but counter-embattles the fesse.

JAMES INNES, Writer in Edinburgh, argent, a cross pate'e between three stars,
azure ; crest, two hands joined fesse-ways, grasping a sword, all proper : motto,
Dltat servata fides.' New Register.

JAMES INNES of Thursten, descended of Innes of Innermarkie, argent, three
stars, each of five points, within a bordure indented azure ; crest, a star ot six
rays, environed with clouds proper : motto, Dum spiro, ccelestia spero. Ibid.

JOHN INNES of Edingight, argent, three stars azure, within a bordure cheque of
the first and second ; crest, a branch of palm slipped, proper : motto, Ornatur ra-
dix fronde. Lyon Register.

ALEXANDER INNES Merchant in Edinburgh, third son to the deceased William
Innes, sometime in Barnyards, in the parish of Peterhead and shire ot Aberdeen,
whose predecessors \vere for .many years heritors of a part ot the lands ot Pitiour
in the said shire, being descended of the family of Balveny in the shire ot Bunt!,
carries ardent, three stars of six rays azure, within a bordure of the second, char-
ged with eight roundlets or ; crest, an increscent proper : with this motto, Jerecois
pour donner. As in the Lyon Register and Plate of Achievements.

The English, when stars are of six points or more, blazon them stars of so many

25 8 OF MAN AND HIS PARTS IN ARMS.

points ; and when waved, call them only estoils, as in the arms of MORDAUXT 1
of PETERBOROUGH, argent, a cheveron between three estoils sable. As by Mr Dale
Pursuivant, in his Catalogue of the Nobility of England ; and by the author of
the Peerage of England. This family was dignified with the title of Lord Mor-
daunt by King Henry VIH. ; and afterwards the family was dignified with the title
of Earl of Peterborough by King Charles I.

ROBERTS Earl of RADNOR ; this family was anciently seated in the country of
Cornwall, and began to flourish more conspicuously in the reign of King James I.
at which time Richard Roberts of Truro was created a baronet; and shortly there-
after was advanced to the dignity of Baron, by the title of Lord Truro. His son
and successor John was advanced by King Charles II. to the dignity of Viscount
Radnor, and Earl of Falmouth ; which last title was soon after changed for that of
Radnor ; his arms, azure, three estoils, and a chief wavey or.

LANGDALE Lord LANGDALE, in the county of York ; Marmaduke Langdale was
advanced to the dignity of Baron, at Bruges in Flanders, by King Charles II. the
fourth of February 1657, anc^ ca.mes'sable, a cheveron between three estoils argent;
supporters, two bulls sable , unguled and maned argent ; and for crest, a star, as in
the above blazon, which they call estoils when of six rays or more waved, but
when of five plain points, mullets ; as in the bearing of ASHBURNHAM Lord ASH-
BURNHAM ; gules, a fesse between six mullets argent. This is one of the ancientest
families in England, which can be instructed to have been of good account in
England before the Conquest ; and was only advanced to the title and dignity of
Baron Ashburnham of Ashburnham, in the year 1689.

When mullets or estoils, with the English, are pierced like the rowel of a spur,
they blazon them mullets and estoils pierced, and take them for stars, and not for
spur-rowels, as the French and other nations do who call them mollets.

The name of DOUGHTY in England, argent, two bars between three mullets of
six points pierced sable.

WHITTINGHAM there, azure, three mullets pierced or. So much then for stars.

Blazing stars or comets, having many points and rays, as also having a tail, are to
be met with in arms, together with the rainbow ; as in the following blazons.

With us the name of CARTWRIGHT, azure, a comet in the dexter chief point,
having its rays streaming in bend or. Plate X. fig. 18.

PONT of Shires-mill, argent, a rain-bow proper, between two stars in chief gules,
.md a galley ship in base sable ; crest, a sphere azure, beautified with six of the
celestial signs, environing the terrestrial globe, all proper : motto, Terrene sub polo
nihil ; so given by one James Pont, in his Collections of the Blazons of the Nobility
and Gentry in Scotland, in the year 1624. Which Manuscript is often mentioned
by me in this treatise ; the exactest copy that I have seen is that in the house of
Seaton, where he died.

The family of L'lRis in Languedoc, as relative to the name firis, i. e. a rain-
bow ; argent, a rainbow surmounted of a cross, and accompanied with six stars of
the last.

CHAP. III.

OF MAN AND HIS PARTS IN ARMS.

THOSE who rre nicely known in devices will not allow human figures in the
composure of perfect devices ; because a comparison of a man cannot be
taken from a man, but from things generally or specifically different ; notwith-
standing of which, others do allow them, for we find human figures frequently in
the Egyptian hieroglyphics, Grecian and Roman emblems and medals, and in ar-
mories, as marks of nobility.

The use of man and his parts, in arms, may be said, amongst many reasons for
their practice, to have proceeded from the old seals of princes, great . men, and
from the seals of churchmen, upon which they had their own images, these of
their patron saints, and of angels and cherubims, as signs of authority, piety, and
devotion.

OF MAN AND HIS PARTS IN ARMS. ^.

The arms of the EPISCOPAL SEE of Si ANDREWS, azure, St Andrew carrying on
his breast his proper cross urgent. And on that saltier he is sometimes represent-
ed expanded.

The SEE of SALISBURY in England, azure, our blessed lady crowned, holding
on her right arm the Holy Babe, and, in her left hand, a sceptre, all or ; the
church of Salisbury being dedicated to her ; and so of other churches which
have for their arms the figures of their patron saints. Yea, angels and cherubims
have been, and are used by private families. For which see Guillim's and Mor-
gan's Heraldry.

From the old seals of Princes, where, ordinarily on the one side, they are repre-
sented enthronized, and on the other, on horseback, as a chevalier, came tin-
practice of such into the arms of countries, cities, and families.

The country of ANDALUSIA in Spain, being recovered from the Moors by Fer-
dinand II. of Castile, anno 1248, as a sign of that conquest, carries', azure, a King
on his throne or ; Plate X. fig. 22. as orancefine. And SEVILLE, the capital city of
that country, carries the same, as Guillim, in his Display, who says, as it is prescribed
by heralds, that as all creatures should be set forth in their noblest actions, so it
is fit that man should be set forth in his greatest dignity. And as Bartolus, " Prin-
" ceps in solio Majestatis, Pontifex in pontificalibus, miles in armis,. sive eques-
" tris, sive pedestns, depingi debet," i. e, a King should be painted on his throne of
Majesty, a Bishop in his Pontifical vestures, and a soldier in his military habit,
either on foot or horseback, that they might receive reverence suitable to their
respective functions..

The city of TOLEDO in Spain had, for arms, the figure of an Emperor crowned,
sitting on a throne in his robes, holding in his right hand a mond, and in his left
a sword ; being the face of the Sigillum Imaginis of the Kings of Spain ; because,
of old, the ceremonies of the coronation of the Kings of Spain could not be legally
performed but in that place, as the chief city of the empire ; as Selden, in his
Titles of Honour, observes. But that city carries now only gules, a crown imperial
or. With us, Robert the natural son of King James V. Prior of Holyroodhouse,
Lord Kincleven, and Earl of Orkney, carried the arms of his father, bruised with
a batton sinister ; and, for crest, took the imperial side of the King's seal ; being a
King in his royal robes, enthronized,. holding in his right hand a sword ; but in
place of the mond or globe, in the left, he had a gos-hawk.

The county of LITHUANIA has arms from the equestrian side of its Princes' Seal,
being gules, a chevalier armed cap-a-pie, argent ; in his right hand a sword, and
on his lett arm, a shield azure, charged with a double barred cross or ; mounted
on a courser of the second, barbed of the third, and nailed of the fourth. Which
arms are now quartered with those of Poland, since Lithuania was united to that
kingdom.

The family of NEVOY of that Ilk, with us, sable, a man armed at all parts, on
horseback, brandishing a sword argent. Plate X. fig. 23.

Sir DAVID NEVOY, sometime one of the Senators of the College of Justice, car-
ried the same arms within a bordure argent ; crest, a pegasus proper ; motto,
Marte W arte. Lyon Register.

Human figures, when they are not of the armorial tinctures, but of their own
natural colour, are said, in blazon, to be proper.

DALZIEL of that Ilk, sable, a naked man proper; Plate X. fig. 24. Some old
paintings and seals made the man hanging on a gibbet ; which seemed a little odd
to some, though not so in itself, considering the tradition of their rise, and the
bearings of other families ; as that of DROLLE in Denmark, given us by Menestrier,
argent, a devil in an ugly shape sable, in allusion to the name Drolle, which sig-
nifies the wicked one.

These of DALZIEL are said to perpetuate the memory of a brave and dangerous
exploit performed by one of their progenitors, in taking down from a gibbet the
body of a favourite and near kinsman of King Kenneth II. whether true or false,
it is all one, since it gave occasion to such a bearing. For, as the story goes, the
King being exceedingly grieved that the body of his friend should be so disgrace-
fully treated by his enemies, proffered a great reward to any of his subjects who

^6o OF MAN AND HIS PARTS IN ARMS.

would adventure to rescue it ; but when none would undertake that hazardous en-
terprise, a valorous gentleman came and said to the King, Dalziel, which signi-
fies, as I am informed by those who pretend to know the old Scots language, I
dare ; which attempt he effectually performed to the King's satisfaction. And his
posterity took this remarkable bearing, and the word Dalziel for their surname,
when surnames came to be used, with the signification thereof, / dare , for their
motto ; the crest being a sword in pale, proper ; supporters, two men in armour
cap-a-pie, with round targets ; now used by this ancient family, which stood up
eminently for King Robert Bruce, as did Sir Robert Dal'ziel for King David
Bruce, who got from that King the barony of Selkirk ; as by a charter, of the
date I5th May 1365. His successor was Sir John Dalziel, Knight ; from whom
was descended Robert Dalziel of that Ilk, who firmly adhered to Queen Mary in
all her troubles. He was father of another Robert, who was knighted by King
James VI. of Scotland ; and afterwards, for his own merit, and the constant loyalty
of his ancestors in all time past, was by King Charles I. raised to the honour of
Lord Dalziel, 1 8th of September 1628; and thereafter made Earl of CARNWATH,
in the year 1639. He married Margaret, daughter of Sir Robert Crichton of
Ckmy, by whom he had Robert his successor, and Sir John Dalziel of Glenae,
of whom is descended'the present Earl of Carnwath.

Which Robert, second Earl of Carnwath, was a great sufferer for his loyalty to
King Charles I. and II. He married Christian, daughter of William Douglas of
Drumlanrig, one of the progenitors of the Dukes of Queensberry, by whom he
had Gavin, his son and successor, and father of James and John, both Earls of
Carnwath. The last Earl, John, died unmarried, whose estate and honour devol-
ved upon Sir Robert Dalziel of Glenae, Bart, now Earl of Carnwath, who carries
the foresaid achievement.

THOMAS DALYELL of Binns, Lieutenant-General of Scotland in the reign of King
Charles II. carries the same arms with his chief, with the addition of a dexter can-
ton, argent, charged with a sword and pistol saltier-ways proper ; crest, a dexter
hand brandishing a scimitar ; the shield cottised with two pavilion-poles, in place
of supporters ; motto, / dare. New Register. And there,

JOHN 'DALZIEL, Merchant in London, son to William Dalziel, sometime Com-
missary of Wigton, descended of the house of Dalziel, now Earl of Carnwath, car-
ries the arms of the family within a bordure ingrailed argent ; crest, a demi-man
brandishing a scimitar proper ; motto, / dare.

The name of WALTERTON or WATERSTON, azure, a naked man riding on a dol-
phin, and playing on a harp or. Workman's Manuscript.

The name of CARWOOD or CARVEWOOD, parted per fesse, sable and argent, on
the first a demi-man, proper, holding in his right hand a sword pale-ways, and in
the left a carpenter's axe, all proper ; and in base, the branch of an oak tree,
acorncd vert ; as relative to the name. Workman's Manuscript.

GAVIN DRUMMOND, descended of the family of Kildies, which was descended of
Drummond of Pitkellanie, or, three bars waved gules, over all a naked man naiant
in pale, holding in his right hand a sword ; crest, a dexter hand holding a spear.
New Register.

BONYMAN, argent, a naked man, proper, shooting an arrow out of a bow gules.
Workman's Manuscript.

The name of OSWALD, azure, a naked boy pointing at a star in the dexter chief
point. Font's Manuscript.

And in our New Register, the arms of JAMES OSWALD of Fingalton are matri-
culated thus ; azure, a savage wreathed about the middle with bay leaves, having
a sheaf of arrows hanging by his side, and bearing a bow in his left hand, all
proper, and pointing with the other hand to a comet, placed in the dexter chief
point or ; crest, a dexter hand issuing out of a cloud, and pointing to a star of
eight rays, proper : motto, Forti favet ccelum. And in the same Register, it was
permitted to the said James Oswald to impale with the above-written coat the
bearing of Elizabeth Gillespie, his deceased spouse, being azure, in base, a ship
under sail argent; in the sinister canton, a hand couped, gauntled, and grasping a
-word, proper.

OF MAN AND HIS PARTS IN ARMS.

The parts of man, such as the head, arms, hands, legs, Stc. are frequent in arms ;
as trophies of victory, signs of great expeditions, and as relative to the name-
the bearers.

These parts, whether of man or beast, when cut off from the body, are either
couped or erased. Couped, when those parts are cleanly cut off, as it were by a
straight line, and erased, when they seem to be torn or plucked off, having piece >
of the skin or flesh hanging at them, as some say like the teeth of a saw ; for
which the French say, arracbe, the Latins, erasus, avulsus, or lacer.

As for the position of the head in a shield of arms, when the half of the face,
or little more, is only seen, it is said then to be in profile: After this position are
all the heads of Moors, wherefore the word, profile is omitted in the blazon of them.
Moors' heads are frequently surrounded with a ribbon or bandage, like a wreath,
for which they are said to be banded, or tortille.

The old arms of ARRAGON, which are now the ensign of the Island of Sardinia,
are by Favin thus blazoned, d 'argent, a. une croix de gueules, cantonee de quatre
tctes de Motes sable, au bandeau royal, i. e. argent, a cross gules, between four
Moorish Kings' heads, banded of the first : Here the author omits the word coup-
ed, for so their necks are cut, and tells us, for the rise of them, that Pedro the
King of Arragon, in the year 1106, in memory of his victory over four Moorish
Kings, whom he killed in the battle of Alarcon, took their heads for the armorial
figures of the Kingdom of Arragon: But alter wards James King of Arragon dis-
used them, and carried only the arms of BARCELONA, giving the former to a young-
er son, whom he made King of Sardinia, with the motto, Trophea Regni Arra-
gojwm.

The arms of ALGARVE, and of many families in Spain, are of the same kind, and
rise, viz. from victories over Moorish Princes. Those of Algarve are, quarterly,
first and fourth argent, a Moor's head couped sable, tortille of the first ; second
and third gules, the bust of a king clothed and crowned or. Plate X. fig. 25.

Bust is said of the head of a man or woman, with a full face, neck and shoul-
ders ; as Monsieur Baron, in his blazon of the arms of CAMPIDON, in France, d'or,
coupe d'azur, au buste de fenime de carnation, couronnee a /' 'antique d'or, i. e. parted
per fesse, or and azure, the head, neck, and shoulders of a woman in tull front,
proper, crowned with an antique crown of the first.

GLADSTANES of that Ilk, in the shire of Teviotdale, argent, a savage head couped,
distilling drops of blood, and thereupon a bonnet composed of bay and holly
leaves, all proper, within an orle of eight martlets sable ; crest, a griffin issuing out
of the wreath, holding in his right talon a sword, proper : motto, Fide & virtute.
New Register.

This family is pretty ancient, being formerly designed of Cocklaw. I have ob-
served in a charter granted by King Robert III. of several lands to William Inglis
of Manor, that the right of Gladstanes of Cocklaw is reserved. George Glad-
stanes, and William Gladstanes, are witnesses in a charter of Archibald Earl of
Angus to his apparent heir James Douglas, July 2d 1479.

I have seen a charter of Matthew Gladstanes of that Ilk, by which he dispones
and alienates the lands of Overkellwood in Galloway, to Mirabel Gladstanes, his
daughter, and apparent heiress, and to Herbert Gladstanes her husband, of the date
1541 ; which charter is confirmed by King James VI. the 2pth year of his reign :
As also another charter of that king's, of the date 1629, of the lands of Overkell-
wood, to Matthew Hairstanes, and his spouse Elizabeth Gladstanes, who was heiress
of these lands, now called Craigs. Upon which account, the present Hair-

stanes of Craigs, as lineally descended of them, quarters the arms of Gladstanes
with his own. Of which afterwards.

GLADSTANES of Whitelaw, as a cadet, carries the same arms with Gladstanes of
that Ilk, within a bordure invected gules; crest and motto as before. Ibid.

HALBERT GLADSTANES, Merchant in Edinburgh, as descended of a second brother
of Gladstanes of that Ilk, the same, within a bordure indented gules.

MOIR of Scotston, argent, three negroes' heads couped, proper, banded of the
first ; crest, a mort-head, with two leg bones, saltier-ways, proper : motto, Non sibi
ted cunctis. New Register. See Plate X. fig. 26.

3.U

OF MAN AND HIS PARTS IN ARMS.

JOHN MOIR of Stonywood, argent, three Moors' heads couped, distilling drops,
of blood, proper; crest, a Mauritanian's head couped as the former. Ibid.

THOMAS MOIR of Otterburn, whose grandfather was a second son of the family
of Abergeldie, argent, three negroes' heads couped, proper, within a bordure coun-
ter-indented, sable and or.

Those of the name of MOIR and MORISON carry Moors' heads, relative to their
name.

Mr WILLIAM MOIR of Hilton, Advocate, or, three Moors' heads couped,
distilling drops of blood, proper, wreathed about with bay leaves vert ; crest, u
dexter arm from the shoulder issuing out of a cloud, holding a branch of laurel
slipped : motto, Virtute non al'uer. New Register.

MORISON of Dairsie, in Fife, azure, three Saracens' heads conjoined in one neck,
proper, the faces looking to the chief dexter and sinister sides of the shield. Mac-
kenzie's Heraldry. Plate X. fig. 27.

MORISON of Bogney, the same, with this difference, that the uppermost head was
affixed by a wreath to the other two. Mackenzie's Heraldry.

HENRY MORISON, sometime Writer to the Signet, descended of a second son of
Dairsie, carries as Dairsie, with two falcons' heads azure, couped in the flanks, for
difference ; crest, a serpent issuing out of the torce, proper : motto, Pretio pru-
dentia prastat. Lyon Register.

MORISON of Prestongrange, argent, three Moors' heads couped sable, 2 and i,
and banded of the first ; for crest, he carries the three heads of Dersay, with the
motto, Pretio prudentia praestat. New Register.

EDINGTON of Balberton, azure, three savage heads couped argent. Lyon Re-
gister.

The chief family of this name was EDINGTON of that Ilk, in the shire of Berwick,
now extinct.

ETHLINGTON of that Ilk, argent, three boys' heads erased gules. Font's Manu-
script.

The surname of JEW, in England, carry Jews' heads: As Sir JOHN JEW of
Whitefield, argent, a cheveron between three Jews' heads couped sable, as relative
to the name.

The arm of a man is frequently carried as the emblem of strength ; as in the
bearing of SCLAVONIA, or, an arm clothed gules, holding a scimitar argent. And
the arms of BOSNIA, a famous province in Dacia, azure, an arm armed or, holding
a sword erect, proper.

The ARMSTRONGS in the south of Scotland, as relative to their name, argent, a
dexter arm issuing from the sinister side of the shield, clothed gules, holding a tree
eradiant in pale, proper, broken at the top ; and some of the name has the arm
holding a sword, as in our old books.

ARMSTRONG of Mangerton, argent, three pallets azure, which, as John Feme
says, represent strength ; and for crest, an arm from the shoulder, armed, proper.

ARMSTRONG of Whittock, descended of Mangerton, argent, three pallets sable ;
crest, an arm from the shoulder gules ; motto, Invictus maneo. New Register.

FRANCIS ARMSTRONG, son to John Armstrong of Parknow, azure, a fesse or, be-
tween two arms armed, and couped at the shoulder argent; crest, an arm issuing
out of a cloud holding a club, proper: motto, Invicta labore. New Register.
Plate X. fig. 28.

The surname of FENDER, azure, a dexter hand holding, upon the point of a
sword argent, an otter's head couped or. Pont's Manuscript.

The surname of JACK, argent, a cheveron azure, between two crescents gules in
chiet, and in base an arm armed of the second, holding a sword, proper, hiked and
pommelled or. Ogilvie's Manuscript.

. TREMAINS in Devonshire in England, carries arms relative to the name; as
Guillim, in his- Display, gules, three dexter arms conjoined at the shoulders, and
flexed in triangle or, with fists folded argent. Plate X. fig. 29.

Sylvester Petra Sancta has the same arms from Guillim which he thus describes,
" Brachia tria auro manicata, & qua2 flexis cubrtis more pugillum videntur ictura
" validum interminari, in miniato scuti alveolo invicem juncta sunt."

OF MAN AND HIS PARTS IN ARMS

Hands are frequent in arms, as signs of valour, and symbols of faith and m
when expanded, and the palm seen, they are said to he p/ilwc.

ROBERT ADAIR of Kinhilt, parted per bend dexter, or and argent, three d;
hands pa/me, and erected, 2 and i gules, fig. 30; crest, a man's head couped and
bloody, proper : motto, Loyil ait mart. New Register.

Those of this name in Scotland are originally descended fn.m the Fit
now Earls of I>esmond in Ireland, and take their name from tint barony ot ' Adaii-
in that earldom : It is said they carry for crest a bloody head, for kiii
Carey of Dunskey, a proscribed rebel in Scotland.

It is to be observed in bla/.on, when we say he carries three figures, that they are
situate two in chief and one in base, without naming their situation : But it other-

<• situate, it must be told in the blazon how, us in pale, in bend, and
att.;r the position of the ordinaries ; when we say pule -ways, bend-ways, a;al fesse-
ivays, those do not relate to the situation, but to the position of the figure-.
erect, diagonal, or horizontal.

AGNEW of Lochnaw, as in Sir George Mackenzie's Heraldry, argent, three
sinister hands couped, and erect in pale, 2 and r gules. But more properly we
would say, urgent, three sinister hands couped pale-ways, and not in pale, which
supposes them to be above one another. For this family see page 162.

The M'DONALDS, as a part of their armorial bearings, have a dexter hand couped,
fesse-ways, proper, holding a cross croslet fttcbe sable, upon the account, it is said,
thut one of their progenitors assisted St Patrick to propagate the Christian faith
in Ireland, and to reduce the barbarous people there to civility and Christianity,
and then their ensign was the hand holding a cross croslet fitched.

The Clan CHATTAN, Clan URRICH, and MACPHERSONS, have in their "arms a right
hand couped gules, holding a dagger pale-ways as a badge of their faithfulness and
loyalty to King Robert the Bruce, in killing of a great man of the name of Cum-
min his enemy.

The M*!NTOSHES, since they married the heiress of the chief of the Macphersons,
as also the Farquharsons, as descended of the M'Intoshes, have the same hand and
dagger in their arms.

HARDIE of Cargarse, gules, a dexter hand fesse-ways, holding a dagger argent,
point downward, between two mullets (/. e. spur-rowels) or. The first of this
name, says Sir George Mackenzie, in his Manuscript, was a Frenchman, who wait-
ed upon John, King of France, when prisoner in England with King David II. of
Scotland. King Edward III. of England, coming to visit them, ordered his cup-
bearer to fill a glass of wine to the most worthy: He gave it to his own King; upon
which the French King's servant gave him a box on the ear. His King reproved
him, saying, Tout bardie ; upon which he got the name of Hartlie; and coming to
Scotland with King David Bruce, by that King's charters got the lands of Car-
garse. His posterity lost these lands of late ; and several branches of the family
of the name of Hardie are vassals and tenants to the Duke of Gordon.

NEILSON of Craigo, argent, three left hands bend sinister-ways, couped gitle s,
2 and I. The first of this family was, William, filius Nigelli, so designed in a
charter which he got from King Robert I. of the lands of Craigo ; which I saw
in the hands of Major John Neilson.

NEILSONT ot Craigcaftie, argent, three left hands bend sinister-ways, two in chief,
and one in base, holding a dagger azure ; as by Mr Thomas Crawfurd's blazons.
Of late, Gilbert Neilson of Craigcaffie has matriculated his bearing in our New
Register, thus, parted per cheveron, argent and or; in chief, two sinister hands
couped, and erect gules, and, in base a dagger, point downward, proper, fig. 31.;
crest, a dexter hand holding a lance erect, proper : motto, His rcgi servitium.

ALEXANDER NEILSON of Maxwood, descended of Craigcaftie, carries the same
with Craigcaftie, with a man's heart, proper, in the coeur point, for difference; and,
his crest, a dexter hand holding a dagger, proper : motto, I'irtute & I'otis.
Ibidem.

The surname of STEVEN, argent, on a cheveron between two crescents in chief',
and a sinister hand couped in base, gules, two mullets of the field. Ogilvy's Ma-
nuscript.

264 OF MAN AND HIS PARTS IN ARMS.

The left hand is taken to be the Symbol of justice, because the right (say he
raids and writers of devices) est prompta ad omnia nequitia. With the Romans,
the left hand is an ensign of empire, and has been continued since by the Kings
of France ; who, when enthronised, hold in their right hand a sceptre of gold, and,
in their left, a rod of ivory, topped with a left hand palms', called the rod of justice,
to show the integrity, that sovereigns and judges should observe, in administering
justice ; it is one of the regalia of the kings of France, and sometimes represent
ed on the seals of Henry V. and VI. of England, when they thought themselves
masters and kings of France. For which see Sandford's Genealogical History.

The arms of the province of ULSTER, in Ireland, argent, a sinister hand couped
gules, palme. This is now become the badge of the Knights Baronets in England,
of which before. Besides, the left hand is carried as an armorial figure by many
good families in Britain.

WILLIAM MAYNARD, Lord MAYNARD, argent, a cheveron azure, between three si-
nister hands erected coupe at the wrist gules. This family was ancient in England;
the heads of which served under Prince Edward, called the Black Prince, in the
wars against France. Of this family was descended Sir William Maynard, who
was dignified with the title of Baronet, the 9th year of the reign of King James I.
1611, and, in the i8th year of that king's reign, with the title of Lord Maynard,
of Wicklow, in Ireland; and, by King James I. in the third year of his reign, he
was advanced to the degree of a Peer of England, by the title of Lord Maynard
of Estaines. His son William married, for his second wife, Lady Margaret Murray,
daughter to James Earl of Dysart, in Scotland, and sister to the Dutchess of Lau-
derdale, by whom she had issue a son, called Henry. His eldest son, by his first
marriage, is Bannaster, the present Lord Maynard.

Two right hands, grasping each other, is called by the French foi, and is taken
for the emblem of friendship, fidelity, and alliance ; and is frequently met with on
medals and ensigns. The Swiss Cantons, when they united, had, on a medal on
that occasion, two dexter hands joined, with the words, unio inseparabilis.

Monsieur Baron, in his TArt Heraldique, gives the arms of PIPERAT in France,
d' 'ermines a la foi d1 argent emanches d'azur, i. e. ermine, two hands joined fesse-ways,
with sleeves azure. Plate X. fig. 32.

As for legs of men carried in arms I shall here add but a few" instances, since
these parts have no proper terms given them in this science, but these that relate
to their situation and position, as to other natural figures.

The arms of the ISLE of MAN, Plate X. fig. 33. are often to be met with in the
armorial seals of our nobility, and in these in England also, who have been digni-
fied with the title of Lords of the Isle of Man ; they are gules, three legs armed,
proper, conjoined in the centre at the upper part of the thighs, flexed in triangle,
garnished and spurred or.

Imhoff, in his Blazons, gives the achievement of Henry Stewart, Lord Darnly,

and Man, where these arms are marshalled with others ; he looks upon the three

legs not as armed, but booted, and blazons them thus, " Crura tria femoribus

' connexa, &- ocreis calcaribus armata, quorum duo plantam pedis sursum, tertia

' deorsum, protendunt." This island belonged anciently to Scotland, and, as

feudal arms, were quartered by the nobility that were ancient proprietors thereof;

and since dignified with the title of that island.

The M'LEODS quarter them as arms of pretension with their own. Upon the
account that their progenitors were proprietors and possessors of that island. And,
MACKENZIE Earl of CROMARTY, by being come of an heiress of M'Leod, quarters
these arms in his achievement.

These arms of MAN have likewise been carried by no"ble families with us, who
were dignified with the title of Lords of Man. King James II. of Scotland, created
Alexander his second son, Duke of Albany, Earl of March, Lord of Annandale, and of
the Isle of Man; upon which account he carried the arms of these dignities, quar-
terly, first, the arms of Scotland ; second, gules, a lion rampant argent, within a
bordure of the last, charged with eight roses of the first, for the earldom of March;
third, gules, three legs of a man armed, proper, conjoined in the centre, at the
upper parts of the thighs, flexed in triangle, garnished and spurred or, for the
Isle ot Man ; and fourth, or, a saltier and chief gules, for the Lordship of Annan-

OF MAN AND HIS PARTS IN ARMS.

\\'luch arms were on his seals appended to charters and other cvideuts grant-
ed by him ; and are yet to be seen on the College Church of Edinburgh, to which
he was a benefactor ; and were aKo carried by his sons, his sue- .: . dig-

nities.

STANLEY Earl of DERBY, and Lord of MAN, in England, as present possessor of
the Isle of Man, quarters the same arms with his own.

I have no where met with any account, of carrying such figures for that Island,
but in Edward Bolton's Elements of Armories ; where he say-,, these three
present the three corners, capes, or promontories of the island which poiir
England, Scotland, and Ireland ; and, being equivocally relative to the name of
man, these legs are adorned as belonging to a chevalier. And he , that,

from these ancient arms of the Island of Man, legs have crept into the bearings
of many private families in England; and I may say the same too of some private
families in Scotland ; as those of the surname of MAN carry the same ; particular-
ly, Captain John MAX, one of that name, in the county of Murray.

BIRNIE of Broomhill, gules, a fesse urgent, between a bow and an arrow in full
draught, in chief, and three men's legs couped at the thighs, in fesse, pale-ways
argent \ crest, a lion's head erased gules ; with the motto, Sapere ande incipe. New
Register.

Sir ANDREW BIRNIE of Saline, sometime one of the Senators of the College of
Justice, the same with Broomhill, but charged the fesse with a lion's head erased
sable : crest, a dexter hand, proper, holding an anchor erected or, environed with
clouds, proper : motto, slrcus artes astro. Lyon Register.

The name of HADDON, in England, or, a man's leg couped at the middle of the
thigh, azure.

The name of PRIME there, argent, a man's leg erased at the thigh, sable.

The name of BAINE or BONE with us, sable, two leg-bones in cross argent ; for
which see Sit George Mackenzie's Heraldry. But the name of Bane carries other
figures. Of which afterwards.

The name of BOULTER, in England, or, on a cheveron gules, three dead mens'
skulls of the field.

The other principal part of man, the heart, is frequent in arms, upon the ac-
count of allusion, event, religion, and as speaking to the name.

The name of DOUGLAS carries a man's heart, proper; since Sir James Douglas's
affectionate expedition to Jerusalem to bury the heart of the valiant King Robert
the Bruce.

The name ot LOCKHART has a man's heart also ; because one of their prede-
cessors is said to have accompanied Sir James Lord Douglas to the Holy Hand, with
the foresaid king's heart, which, being placed within a padlock, makes a rebus,
witli the name Lockhart ; and motto, Corda serata parulo. And some of them
-a\ ft-ro.

SEATON of Pitmedden, of whom before, placing a man's heart distilling drops
of blood in the middle of his paternal coat, upon the account of the manner of
his father's death, who was shot through the heart in his early appearance in at
for K'ng Charles I. against the rebels.

The surname of RULE, which they bring from St Regulus, who brought the re-
licts of St Andrew to Scotland, or, three mens' hearts within a bordure ihgrailed
gules. Mackenzie's Heraldry.

As for the antiquity of the name ; Sir Robert Sibbakl, in his History of File,
page 161, s.. 'ii de StalTjuell, brother and heir to Richard de Ruele, son of Hen •

ry, resigned the lands of Bahnerino, Cultrach, and Balindine, " In , jis

" -7/V.v.'/,. .'// abud Forfar, die post ft -stum St. Dioiiysii, anno 1215," in favours of
Queen Emergurda for 1000 merks Sterling.

I find another of the nar.n- of RULE mentioned in the Minutes of the Register
. viz. in the charter of Lancilini de Moll to that Abbacy, about the
year 1236. And, in the year 1482. Andrew Rule is designed Armigcr Domini de
Home, in a charter penes JDwaaum tie Home. And, in our Histories, William R
is forfeited for keeping out the Castle of Crichton against King James III.

The surname of HART carry relative to the name, viz. gules, on a chief argent.
three hearts of the fir^t.

i66 OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS.

ROBERT HART, a valiant man, (as by our historians) was killed with the Lord
Douglas, fighting against the English in the battle of Otterburn.

The name of HOWISON, argent, a heart, proper, and, on a chief, azure, three
flower-de-luces or. Font's Manuscript.

THORNTON of that Ilk, gules, on a fesse argent, three mens' hearts of the first.
Crawford's Manuscript.

The name of ALGOE, argent, three hearts conjoined in triangle by the points
gules, and in base by a martlet sable. Og. Manuscript.

The first of this name is said to have come from Italy with one of the Abbots
of Paisley. And his grandchild, Peter Algoe, got the lands of Easter Walkin-
shaw, by marrying Marion Morton, heiress thereof, 1547.

The name of CLUNIE, argent, three mens' hearts, proper. Ogilvy's Manuscript,

The religious of the Order of ST AUGUSTINE have for arms, argent, the heart of
that saint, proper, with flames of fire issuing out of it on a chief sable.

The JESUITS carry on their arms a heart pierced, with three passion-nails.

The Royal bearing of DENMARK, or, seme of hearts gules, three lions passant of
the same, crowned^ armed, and langued azure.

CHAP. IV.

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS..

THESE are esteemed by some more worthy bearings than fowls and fishes, for
their more lively and noble qualities ; they prefer the male to. the female,
and rapacious, fierce beasts, to tame, meek, and serviceable ones. As Cornelius
Agrip. a' Art Herald. " Quae hominibus servituti vel usui necessaria sunt in ar-
" mis gerere, nefas est &- infamia ; sed omnes a crudelibus, bellicis &- rapacibus,
" nobilitatis suae insignia auspiciari oportebat." Whatever might have been the opi-
nion of the ancients of the natural qualities of things, in their first assumption, and in
the infancy of heraldry, yet now, in its perfection, these qualities, though commen-
dable, are not so much considered, as their long continuance in ancient families as
signs of nobility ; being, in their formal armorial dress, in position, disposition, and
situation, with their armorial attributes ; of which particularly, as I go along ;
.treating separately of animals most used, in armories, in their proper terms of bla-
zon. And first then,

OF THE LION.

FOR his heroic qualities he is used as the emblem of strength, courage, genero-
sity, power, and royalty, being called the king of beasts. His noble posture, or
position in arms, is, to be erect on his hinder feet, with his fore feet towards the
right side and upper angle of the shield ; his head direct forward, showing but one
ear and one eye; in which position, as the best, he is called by the French a Lion;
but we, and the English, add the term rampant. As Plate XI. fig. i.

In this posture the lion has been carried on the armorial ensign of Scotland,
since the first founding of its monarchy by King Fergus I. ; which is not only as-
serted by our own historians and antiquaries, but also by foreign writers. Favin, in
his Theatre of Honour, Book Third, Chap.Third, says, " Fergus I. of Scotland, for the
" magnanimity of his courage, took, for his arms apd device, the creature counted
" the symbol of valiancy and generosity, viz. d'or, un lion rampant de gueules •"
which his successors, the Kings of Scotland, have retained without change to
this time.

And Hopingius, cap. 6. " Cum Picti in agros Scotorum copias primum ducerent,
" quibushaud minus cupide quam strenue obviam ivit Fergusius, sublatis signis &-
" rumpendo ipsorum claustra, assumpsitque leonem rubeum erectum, in aurea
" facie descriptum, cauda tergum, ut fere mos est, dum se ad pugnam incitat,
" verberans; eaque generosam iracundiam significans." For which our author

T-* / ;

tet+L
3

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. 267

cites Laurcntius Beyerlink, Franciscus Mennenius, and others, whom I forbear to
cite for brevity's sake.

I do not mean here that arms are as old as Fergus I. of Scotland, nor for many
hundred years after ; but that nations, principalities, and other colonies of
men, under a head and leader, had ensigns, banners, and badges, under which
they fought, and were distinguished in time of war ; and these togni/.aiices
were long in use before hereditary armorial bearings of subjects. Of whose :
and distinction from imperial ensigns I have treated here, and on my Essay on the
Ancient and Modern Use of Armories.

We have a testimony from the History of Florence for the antiquity of the Lion,
the Scots ensign, carried by William, the brother of King Achaius, on the head of
4000 Scots, in the wars of Charles the Great of France, in Italy ; where the people,
in honour of the Scots and their ensign, appointed public games, in which a lion
was crowned with many honours and ceremonies for the Scots valour in their
relirf, as the custom was in those times; and Arnoldus Uvion, an ancient writer,
in his Additiujiibus ad Lignum Vita;, speaks of the two conditions of the ensign of
Scotland, first, That it was a red lion in a gold field, and secondly, that lion was
surrounded with a double tressure flowered and counter-flowered with flower-de-
luces g ules, after the union with France. His words are, " leonem rubeum in
" aurea planitie, primum fuisse Regum Scotorum stemma.. Leonem vero cum liliis
" positis stetnma secundum."

The lion has been also very anciently carried by the Lords and Counts of Flan-
ders. Where Olivarius Uredus, De Sigillis Comitum Flandria, page 96, speaking of
the lion as borne by the ancients on their ensign, says, it was hieroglyphicum indo-
mitcc virtutis ; and very anciently borne on the ensigns of the princes of the Low
Countries of Germany, whether called Franks or Frisians. His words are, " In
" Germania inferior! theotisca lingua utentes, a Morinis ad Euburnos usque, qui
" Francii seu Frisii sunt appcllati, ab omni antiquitate, leonem in insignibus ha-
" buisse." And that the Franks, before they took their peregrination to France,
carried a lion, and, when settled there, had the same. Which Lazius also wit-
nesseth, who says, that Cadomirus, King of France, son of Clovis, having de-
feated several kings, placed a crown on the head of his lion, which he bore for his
ensign. And as for other figures which the French have used afterwards, I shall
speak to, them at the title of the Flower-de-luce.

Though the old princes and counts in the Low Countries of Germany, which are
now extinct, carried the lion, the same is still the ensign of these countries, and
carried by the ancientest families there. Which made Menestrier observe, that the
most part of the nobility and gentry there carry lions, in imitation of, and affec-
tion to the old counts and princes of Flanders.

Such imitation and affections are not only to be found there, but almost every
where, for subjects to imitate as near as they can, those figures of their sovereigns ;
and the more their own are like to them they are thought the more honourable ;
and, I doubt not, but many ancient families with us have assumed the lion rampant
in imitation of the sovereigns' one.

The old Earls of Dunbar carried a lion rampant. The first of the family I met
with was COSPATRICK, son of Cospatrick, Earl of Northumberland, who got from
Malcolm Canmore the lands of Dunbar, and several others in Lothian and the Mcrse.
His son and successor was Cospatricius Comes, without any local appellation, who
carried gules, a lion rampant ardent, within a bordure of the first, charged with
roses* of the second. He, in the reign of King David I. grants a donation of the
churches of Home, Lamden, Greenlaw, the lands of Fogo, and the lands called
Bothcallshiells, to the Abbacy of Kelso ; as by the churtulary of that Abbacy.
He is said to have died 1166, and was succeeded by his son or grandson Walleviis.
or Waldevus Earl of Dunbar, who confirms his father's and grandiatlictVs char-
ters to the abbacy of Kelso. His younger brother Patrick, \\a?> designed Do-
ni':,ius de Greenhiw, and Fil;:is C^sputricii Comitis, in his charter of the Church of
Greenlaw to the Monks of Kelso. Of this Patrick of Greenlaw were iir-ivnded
William, his son, and John, his grandson, both designed Dwr.ni dc Home and G;
/rtiy in their charters.

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS.

PATRICK, son of WALDEVE Earl of DUNBAR, married Ada, natural daughter ui~
King William, In his charter of confirmation of that of his father's to the ab-
bacy of Kelso, he is designed Patricias Con: .:>ib(ir, jUius IVaidevi Comitis. I
have seen five charters of this earl in the custody of Mr David Simpson, historio-
grapher, who had them out of the Earl of Morton's charter-chest, all granted by
him to the abbacy of Melrose, with the consent of his wife Ada, of the lands of
Redpath, for prayers to be said for the souls of predecessors, and for the health of
King William, his Queen, and their son Alexander. The seals appended to these
five charters were entire, being of red wax upon white, having the impression of a
man in armour upon horseback, holding in his right hand a sword, and on his left
arm a shield, charged with a lion rampant within a bordure of roses, being about
eight in number, and the legend round, Sigillum Comitis Patricii de Dumbar.

Another PATRICK Earl of DUNBAR, in his charter of confirmation of these of
his predecessors to Kelso, is designed Patricius, miles, jiliits & bares Domini Patri-
cii Comitis de Dumbar, U1 Concilia: jilia; J'obannis. In this charter he dispones the
lands therein mentioned thus: " Prout in charta bona; memoriae Cospatricii, Wale-
" vi, Patricii, 6*- Patricii avi mei, Comitum de Dumbar, plenius continentur:"
Here he gives a deduction of his genealogy as before. I have seen other five
principal charters of this Earl's to the abbacy of Melrose, in the custody of th.e
foresaid Mr Simpson ; the seals thereto appended were the same with the former
five, only with these variations, viz. the caparisons of the horse were charged with
the foresaid arms, and, on the back of the seal, by way of reverse, was a round
impression of a lesser seal, having a triangular shield charged with a lion rampant,
and the legend, sigillum armon/m. His successor, Patrick Earl of Dunbar, is de-
signed Earl of March. From him was descended Patrick Earl of March and Dun-
bar, who married Agnes, sister and heiress of John Randolph Earl of Murray,
who was killed at the battle of Durham 1346, without issue: She bore to him two
sons, George and John.

GEORGE was designed Earl of MARCH and DUNBAR, Lord ANNANDALE and MAN ;
as in a charter of his, penes Comitem de Mortoun, to the abbacy of Melrose. And,
in another charter of his to French of Thornydyke, which 1 have seen in the cus-
tody of David French of Frenchland, representer of Thornydyke. His seal of
arms is appended to both, not in an equestrian form, as his predecessors before car-
ried them, but in another form ; viz. a large triangular shield couche, and there-
on a lion rampant, within a boi'dure charged with eight roses ; the shield was a-
dorned with a helmet, and thereupon, for crest, a horse's neck and head, supported
by two lions seiant, and behind each of their backs a tree growing. This Earl, be-
ing disobliged by King Robert III. for refusing to marry his eldest son the Prince
with his daughter, conform to an agreement with the Earl, who had him advan-
ced considerable sums of money, renounced his allegiance to the crown of Scotland,
joined with the English, and made a great havock on the borders of his native
country, for which he was forfeited. But afterwards he procured a pardon from
Robert Duke of Albany, then Governor of Scotland, returned home, and lived in
peace till his death, which happened anno 1416. He had for issue, George, his
son and heir, and Sir Gavin Dunbar of Beil.

George his son and heir was not reponed to his father's estate, which was an-
nexed to the crown. But King James I. of Scotland was graciously pleased to
give him a pension out of the earldom of Buchan, which supported him according
to hi-, quu'ity. He died without issue.

The abovementioned JOHN DUNBAR, second son of Patrick Earl of March, and

his lady Agnes, sister and heir of John Randolph Earl of Murray, married Marjory,

daughter of King Robert II. He, in the right of his mother, pretended to the

earldom of Murray, which he got confirmed to him by a charter from the King

::ti:cr-in-iaw, dated the 9th March, " Anno regni secundo, dilecto filio nostro

;>i dc Dumbar, & Mariota; sponsx> ejus, filire nostrse charissima?." I h;>ve

insisted longer on this family than I designed, upon the account of their ancient

, and because many other noble families have their armorial figures from them

by descent, viz. the Homes, Hepburns, and others, as vassals and followers of

that ancient and great family. But, before I descend to them, I shall speak a little

of the bunches of the surname of Dunbar.

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS.

THOMAS DUNBAR, son and heir of JOHN Earl of MURRAY, carried, quarterly, first
and fourth Dunbar, second and third or ; three cushions pendent by the corners,
within a double tressure flowered and counter-flowered gules, for Randolph Earl
of Murray.

There were three or four of this family successively Earls of Murray. The last
of whom, James Dunbar Earl of Murray, is said to have been affianced to a near
kinswoman of his own, Isabel, daughter of Innes of that Ilk. She died, bearing
to him a son Alexander, before dispensation could be obtained from the Pope, as
was requisite, by reason of consanguinity betwixt them. Afterwards he married
Katharine Gordon, daughter to the Earl of Huntly ; she bore to him two daugh-
ters, Marion Dunbar, the eldest, wife to James Crichton, who got with her the
land^s of Frendraught ; of whom the Viscounts of Frendraught. Anne, the second
daughter, was married to Archibald, a younger son of William Earl of Douglas,
who was made Earl of Murray by King James II. and shortly after forfeited for
his rebellion.

The above-mentioned Alexander, upon the account his mother was not legally
married to his father, was disappointed of the earldom, but got the lands of West-
field, and the office of the sheriflfdom of Murray heritably, which continues in the
family at this day. He married a daughter of Sutherland of Duffus. Their son
and ht;ir, James Dunbar, married Euphame, the eldest daughter and co-heir of
Dunbar of Cumnock, and got with her these lands, which his successors enjoyed
under the designation of Barons of Cumnock, for an hundred years, till they sold
it, and then the family returned to their old designation of Westfield ; of whom
is descended the present James, laird of Westfield, Sheriff of Murray, whose
achievement is quarterly, first and fourth gules, a lion rampant argent, within a
bordure of the last, charged with eight roses of the first, for Dunbar ; second and
third, or, three cushions within a double tressure, flowered and counter-flowered
Cities, for Randolph ; crest, a right hand palme proper, reaching to two Earl's
coronets tied together ; with the motto, Sub spe ; supporters, two lions argent,
standing on a compartment, whereon are these words, Pracipitatus attarnen tutus.
See Plate of Achievements.

DUNBAR of Mochrum carries the arms of Randolph, with a mullet for his differ-
ence ; as in Font's Manuscript.

This family got the lands of Mochrum by marrying the second daughter and
co-heir of Patrick Dunbar of Cumnock, who was probably, says Sir James Dal-
rymple, a brother of Patrick Earl of March ; because, in the Register of King
David II. there is a charter of George Dunbar of Cumnock, in the Sheriffdom of
Ayr, and of Blantyre, in the shire of Lanark. Which last-mentioned lands went
with the third daughter of Patrick Dunbar of Cumnock, who married one of the
name. Of whom were the Dunbars of Enterkin.

GAVIN DUNBAR, Archdean of St Andrews, and Clerk Register, being thirteen
years Bishop of Aberdeen, died the gth of March 1531. He was of the House of
Westfield, and carried the arms of the family.

Mr GAVIN DUNBAR, Tutor to King James V. is said to be a brother of Mochrum.
He was Archbishop of Glasgow, and Chancellor of Scotland.

ALEXANDER DUNBAR, Dean of Murray, a younger son of Westfield, embracing
the reformed religion, became one of the Senators of the College of Justice ; and
was progenitor of the Dunbars of Grange, who carry, quarterly, Dunbar and
Randolph, and, for his difference, all within a bordure argent, charged with eight
frascs gules ; crest, a wreath of laurel proper : motto, Sub spe. As in the Lyon
Register.

WILLIAM DUNBAR of Hemprigs, descended of Kilbuiak, who was the eldest
cadet of Westfield, Sheriff of Murray, quarterly, Dunbar and Randolph, all with-
in a bordure, vair, gules and or ; crest, a lion naissant out of a wreath, holding in
the dexter paw a rose slipped gules, leaved and barbed vert : motto, Ornat fortem
pnidcnl'ut. Lyon Register.

SIR. DAVID DUNBAR of Baldoon, Bart, gules, a lion rampant argent, with a
bordure of the second, charged with ten roses of the first ; crest, a horse-head
argent, bridled gules ; supporters, two lions gardant argent, each having, in one
of their fore paws, a rose slipped .yvfer ; motto, Firmior quo patior. Ibid.

3 Y

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS.

DUXBAR of Bannuchetty, parted per cheveron embattled, or and gules, three
cushions counter-changed of the same. Ibid.

DUNBAR of Billhead, descended of the family of Grangehill, gules, a lion ram-
pant argent, within a bordure of the second, charged with three roses and as many
cushions, alternately of the first; crest, a rose slipped gules : motto, OlitiSsanat.
Ibid.

DUNBAR of Durn, a second son of Grangehill, carries Dunbar and Randolph,
quarterly, all within a bordure nebule, quartered azure and gules ; crest, two
sprigs of laurel disposed in saltier, proper : motto, Spe s dabit auxilium. Ibid.

DUNBAR of Inchbreck, whose predecessor was a son of Dunbar of Tarbet, des-
cended of Westfield, carries Dunbar and Randolph, quarterly, all within a bordure
gules, charged with eight annulets or ; crest, a hand holding an ear of \vheat,
proper : motto, Sapiens non eget. Ibid.

DUNBAR of Leuchit. gules, a lion rampant argent, between three cushions or,
within a bordure of the second, charged with eight roses of the first ; crest, a dex-
ter hand holding a glove, proper : motto, Sapit qui laborat. Ibid.

Before I proceed to another branch of the family of the old Earls of March, and
its dependers, who carry arms in imitation of theirs, I must advertise my reader,
that when a lion's tongue, teeth, and claws, are of different tinctures from their
bodies, they are to be mentioned in the blazon, as armed and langued of such a
tincture.

The surname of HOME is from the castle of Home in the Merse. The principal
family of the name is that of the Earl of HOME, who has its rise from Willielmus
Jilius Patricii Comitis de Dumbar, Dominus de Home fc? de Greenlaw. He is a wit-
ness in a charter of King William ; and that he was a son of Cospatrick Earl of
Dunbar appears by a charter of his son, a second William de Home, in the Regis-
ter of Kelso, ratifying the donations pf his predecessors, the Earls of Dunbar, to
that abbacy ; in which he is designed, " Willielmus Dominus de Home, filius &•
" haeres nobilis viri Willielini de Home, militis quondam, Domini dictae Villae de
" Home." And, besides, their arms show their descent from the Earls of Dunbar,
whose armorial figure was a white lion in a red field ; and the Homes have always
had the same lion in a green field, for difference, as relative to their old designa-
tion Greenlaw.

Galfredus Dominus de Home gives to the abbacy of Kelso a pension of i2s. 6d.
Sterling, out of the lands of Home, in the year 1300. His son was Sir John Home
of that Ilk, father of Sir Thomas, who married Nicola Pepdie, heiress of Dun-
glas, and got with her these lands. He built the Collegiate Church of Dunglas,
whereon was his arms, which I have seen impaled with his lady's, being three
birds called papingoes, relative to the name Pepdie. The shield of these arms
was couche, and timbred with a cross helmet. The arms of Pepdie have since
been always marshalled with the arms of Home and the descendants of that family.
She had to Sir Thomas two sons, Alexander, who succeeded him, and David the
first of the Homes of Wedderburn.

Sir ALEXANDER HOME of that Ilk and of Dunglass ; he was in battle against the
English at Homildoun, where he was taken prisoner, and died a captive there.
His son and successor was Alexander, who distinguished himself in the wars of
France, in company with the Earl of Douglas at the battle of Verneuil, where he
was slam ; having married Jean, daughter of Hay of Yester : She bore to him
Alexander, who bucceeded Thomas Home of Tyningham, and James, laird of Spot
in East Lothian. Mr Thomas Crawfurd says, in his Manuscript, that he has seen
the seal of arms of this Sir Alexander, which were, quarterly, first and fourth Home,
second and third three papingoes, two and one for Pepdie of Dunglas, and sup-
ported with two lions.

I ha-.e seen the seal of his son and successor Sir Alexander Home of that Ilk,
which was quarterly as before ; the shield couche, timbred with a helmet, and
upon it a papingoe's head for crest, and supported with two lions, appended to a
charter of his of some lands in Chirnside, which he gives to the Collegiate Church
of Dunglas, of the date 1445. He married Margaret Landel, daughter and heiress
of the Lord Landel. She bore to -him Sir Alexander, who succeeded John,
prior of Coldingham, George laird of Ayton, and Patrick Home of Fastcastle. He

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS.

271

married secondly, a daughter of the Lord Montgomery, and had with her a son
Thomas Home, laird of Cockburnspath.

This Sir Alexander Home was served heir to his father, anno 1450, before these
gentlemen in the shire of Berwick, Dominus de Abernethie de Salton, miles, Robc-t
Lander de Edderington, John Sinclair de Polwart, Adam Nisbet de codem, Jamet
Spottiswood de eodem, Robert Bluckaddcr de eodem, William Manderstrjn de codem,
Alexander Nisbet ilc Swinewood, James Nisbet de Paxton, Robert Rule armigcr.
This Sir Alexander Home of that Ilk married a daughter of Hepburn of Hales.
He had with her Alexander, who succceeded him, and John Home, the first of
Cowdenknows, ancestor to the present Earl of Home.

Which Alexander Home of that Ilk was Great Chamberlain of Scotland, and
the first Lord Home. He placed over his quartered arms, by way of surtout, the
arms of his grandmother Landel, heiress of the Lord Landel, being or, an orle
azure. He was succeeded by his eldest son.

Alexander, second Lord Home, was with his brother William, forfeited and be-
headed at Edinburgh, in the minority of King James V.

George, third Lord Home, brother of Lord Alexander who was forfeited, got
th^; forfeiture reduced, in modumjustitia:. He was Chief Warden of the East and
Middle Marches with England, and the King's Lieutenant of the shires of Merse,
Lauderdale, Teviotdale, and East Lothian ; as by the commission under the Great
Seal of King James V. dated the i6th year of his reign. He married Mary Hali-
burton, eldest daughter and co-heir of the Lord Dirleton. She bore to him Alex-
ander, who succeeded him, and Mr Andrew, Abbot of Jedburgh, and a daughter
Margaret, married to Sir Alexander Erskine of Gogar, ancestor to the Earl of
Kelly.

Alexander, fourth Lord Home, was served heir to his father Lord George 1551.
He married first Margaret Ker, daughter to Ker of Cessford, by whom he had only
one daughter, Margaret, married to George Earl Marischal. He was also Warden
of the Marches, and quartered his mother's arms with those of his own family, in
his father's lifetime, as by his seal appended with his father's to a charter of the
lands of Crailing, granted by them to John Ker of Fernihirst, in the year 1547.
The seal of his father was, quarterly, Home and Pepdie, with Landel in surtout.
He had also the same, but in the third quarter he had a bend charged with three
lozenges, for Haliburton ; and, for crest, a deer lodged. He married next Agnes,
daughter of Patrick Lord Gray : By whom he had

Alexander, fifth Lord Home, who was by King James VI. created Earl of Home,
Lord Jedburgh and Dunglas. I have seen also his seal of arms when earl : His
shield was adorned with an earl's coronet, and with a lion's head erased, for crest,
supporters, two lions ; with the motto, True to the end. He married first a daugh-
ter of Douglas Earl of Morton ; by her he had no issue ; secondly, Margaret Sut-
ton, eldest daughter to the Lord Dudley in England. She bore to him a son,
James, who succeeded his father, and two daughters, Margaret and Anne. The
first was married to James Earl of Murray, Lord Down ; and the second, Anne,
to John, first Earl of Lauderdale.

James, second Earl of Home, married first Katharine Carey, eldest daughter to
Henry Carey Viscount of Falkland, and Lord Deputy of Ireland ; secondly, he
married Grace Fane, daughter to the Earl of Westmoreland, but with neither of
his wives had he any issue ; so that the fortune and honours of Home came to the
next heir-male of tailzie, by reason of an entail on his nearest cousin.

Sir James Home of Cowdenknows succeeded into the estate and honours of
Home, which were ratified to him by King Charles I. May 2zd 1636. He had
with his lady, Jean Douglas, a daughter of the Earl of Morton, Alexander and
James, who were successively Earls of Home, but died both without issue, and
were succeeded by their third brother, Charles Earl of Home, who married a
daughter of Sir William Purvcs of that Ilk. Sht bore to him three sons, Alexan-
der, James, laird of Ayton, George, and as many daughters.

Which Alexander, the seventh and present Earl of Home, and Lord Dunglas,
married Anne, a daughter of William Marquis of Lothian. His achievement, as
that of his predecessors, is, quarterly, first and fourth vert, u lion rampant argent,
armed and langued gules ; second and third argent, three papingoes vert, beaked

272 OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS.

and raembred gules, for Pepdie of Dunglas ; and, by way of surtout, an escutcheon
or, charged with an orle azure, for Landel ; supporters, two lions argent, armed
and langued gules, standing on a compartment ; with these words tor motto, True
to the end. The shield is adorned with a crown, helmet and valets befitting his
quality, and on a wreath of his tinctures ; for crest, a lion's head erased gules, with
a cap of state gules, turned up ermine ; and above, on an escrol, the cry of war,
A Home, a Home.

The oldest and most eminent cadet of the House of HOME is the family of
Wedderburn : The first of it was Sir David Home, or Hume, of Thurston, second
son of Sir Thomas Home of that Ilk, and his lady, Nicola Pepdie, heiress of
Dunglas. It is said by Godcroft, in his History, that Sir David got the lands of
Wedderburn from Archibald Earl of Douglas, for military services, as by a charter
dated in the year 1413. I have seen the seal of this Sir David appended to a dis-
charge of his, to his nephew Sir Alexander Home of that Ilk, dated at Cockburns-
puth, the 27th of January 1443, on which was a lion rampant, the shield couche,
timbred with a side standing helmet ; and upon it for crest, an unicorn's head,
supported by two falcons regardant. Which discharge is in the custody of the
present laird of Wedderburn. Sir David's wife's name was Alice, but of what
family I cannot learn. She bore him two sons, David and Alexander. David
married Elizabeth Cannichael, and had by her two sons, viz,. George, who succeed-
ed his grandfather, and Patrick Hume, the first of Polwarth. I have seen a prin-
cipal charter of confirmation of the lands of Wedderburn, from King James II.
upon a resignation of the said Sir David and his wife Alice, in liferent, and after
their decease to George Home : " Filio quondam Davidis Home, filii died Davidis
" resignantis, hairedibus suis masculis, quibus deficientibus, Patricio Home, fratri
" germano dicti Georgii &• haeredibus suis masculis, quibus deficientibus Alex-
" andro Home, fratri Germano dicti quondam Davidis Home :" Which charter is
dated at Stirling the i6th of May 1450, and is in the custody of the r>resent laird
of Wedderburn.

George Hume succeeded his grandfather Sir David, and married the eldest of
the two daughters and co-heirs of John Sinclair of Polwarth, eldest son of Sinclair
of Herdmanston, who had married the heiress of Polwarth of that Ilk. The other
co-heiress was married to his brother Patrick. Of whom the Humes of Pol-
warth.

George Hume of Wedderburn had with his lady two sons, David and John. He
built the House of Wedderburn, as it now stands, and fortified it with three
towers and ditches, and placed upon the outer-gate the arms of the family, as upon
the seal before described, with crest and supporters, which are still to be seen.
But afterwards his successors, with the arms of Home, marshalled those of Pepdie
and Sinclair, as arms of descent. Of which immediately.

The barons of the family of WEDDERBURN were brave and valiant knights, having
great followings, and fighting valiantly against the English, almost all of them
dying in the field of battle, as in the History of the Family. Of whom is lineally
descended the present GEORGE HUME of Wedderburn, whose achievement is, quar-
terly, first Hume, second Pepdie, third argent, a cross ingrailed azure, for Sinclair
of Polwarth ; and fourth as first ; crest, an unicorn's head and neck argent, col-
lared with an open crown, maned and horned or : motto, Remsmber; supporters,
two falcons, proper, jessed and belled or, addosse and regardant, standing on a
compartment, upon which these words, Trite to the end.

The HOMES of Ay ton, as before, were descended of George Home, who got
those lands by marrying the heiress of Ay ton of that Ilk; for which the family
has been in use to carry, in the centre of the quartered arms of Home and Pepdie,
a rose gules, the armorial figure of the name of Ayton. Mr James Home, second
son of Charles Earl of Home, as laird of Ayton, carries the same.

There are several honourable families descended of the House of Wedderburn,
whose arms I have met with in our new and old books of blazon, which I shall
here give.

The first cadet of Hume of Wedderburn was Patrick Hume of Polwarth, as be-
fore, who married the youngest co-heir of John Sinclair of Polwarth, by whom he
had Patrick, his son and heir. He was knighted, and made Lord Comptroller of

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. 273

Scotland by King James IV. in the year 1499. I have seen a charter of this
king's to Dilectu Patricia Home de Polwurtb, militi, pro singulai i ftrcorc er arn^rc
speciali, quas erga eum gerimus ; by winch the king gives to him several lands in
Perthshire. He married, first, Margaret, a daughter of Sir John Edmonstone of
that Ilk. She bore to him Alexander, his successor. Secondly, a daughter ot
Schaw of Sauchie, and she bore to him George, iirst of the Humes of Argathy in
Stirlingshire.

Alexander Hume of Polwarth succeeded his father Sir Patrick. His son and
successor was Patrick, who married Elizabeth, a daughter of Sir Patrick Hepburn
of Wauchton, by whom he had sons and daughters, viz. Patrick, his successor, and
Sir Alexander Hume of North-Berwick, an eminent gentleman, Provost of Edin-
burgh 1593.

This Patrick married Agnes, a daughter of Alexander Home of Manderston, by
whom he had Patrick, his successor, and Sir John of North-Berwick, from whom
are descended the Humes of Castle-Home in Ireland. Which Patrick, the next
laird of Polwarth, was a favourite of King James VI. and married Julian, daughter
of Sir Thomas Ker of Fernihirst, sister to Andrew Lord Jedburgh, and Robert
Ker Earl of Somerset, by whom he had Sir Patrick, his successor, Thomas Hume of
Coldstream, George Hume of Kimmerghame, Elizabeth, married to Sir John Car-
michael of that Ilk, Jean, to, Christopher Cockburn of Chausly, and Sophia, to
Joseph Johnston of Hilton.

Sir Patrick succeeded his father, and was made a Knight-Baronet in the year
1625. He married Christian, daughter of Sir Alexander Hamilton of Innerwick,
by whom he had Patrick, who was created Earl of Marchmont, Viscount of Blas-
sonberry, Lord Polwarth of Polwarth, Redbraes and Greenlaw, by letters patent,
27th of April 1697. He was Chancellor of Scotland four years, and High Com-
missioner to the Parliament in the year 1698. He had for his lady, Grissel, daugh-
ter of Sir Thomas Ker of Cavers. She bore to him three sons and four daughters;
first, Patrick Lord Polwarth, who died without issue ; second, Alexander, the pre-
sent Lord Polwarth, who has issue by a 'daughter of Sir George Campbell of
Cessnock; third, Sir Andrew Hume of Kimmerghame, one of the Senators of the
College of Justice. The eldest daughter, Grissel, was married to George Baillie
of Jerviswood ; second, Anne, to Sir John Hall of Dunglas ; third, Julian, to
Charles Bellingham, Esq. ; and the fourth, Jean, to James Lord Torphichen.

The Earl'of MARCHMONT'S achievement is, quarterly, first grand quarter counter-
quartered, Hume and Pepdie ; second argent, there piles ingrailed gules, issuing from
the chief, for the surname of Polwarth ; third argent, a cross ingrailed azure, for
Sinclair ; and the fourth quarter as the first ; over all, in the centre, an escutcheon
argent, charged with an orange, proper, stalked and slipped vert, ensigned with an
imperial crown, proper, as a coat of augmentation ; supporters, two lions regardant
argent, armed and langued g ules ; crest, a hand holding a scimitar,, proper: motto,
True to the end. As in the Plate of Achievements.

GEORGE HUME, a younger son of Hume of Manderston, who was a younger son
of David Hume of Wedderburn, and his lady, Isabel Pringle, daughter of Gala-
shiels, for his eminent parts, was made a baron in England, by title of Lord Hume
of Berwick, by King James VI. 7th July 1604; ar"l thereafter, on the 3d of
March 1605, Earl of DUNBAR in Scotland ; and two years after was installed a
Knight Companion of the most Noble Order of the Garter. He was a long time
Principal Secretary of State, and joint Commissioner with the Lord Fyvie to the
Parliament of Scotland. He died at Whitehall 1618. His corpse was brought
down to Scotland, and interred in the church of Dunbar, under a magnificent
tomb, leaving behind him two daughters, by his wife, a daughter of Alexander
Gordon of Gigh, Anne, married to Home of Cowdenknows, and the other, Eliza-
beth, to the Earl of Suffolk in England. He carried, quarterly, first Home, se-
cond Pepdie, third argent, three inescutcheons vert, for Home of Broxmouth, who
had married the heiress thereof of the name of Hay, and the fourth as the first :
and, in surtout, the arms of Dunbar Earl of March.

The male representer of this family is Alexander Hume in West-Friesland, be-
ing descended from a brother of Home Earl of Dunbar.

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS.

HOME of Blackadder, descended of John Home, fourth son of Home of Wedder-
burn, who was killed at Flodden, married one of the heiresses of Blackadder of
that Ilk. Of whom is lineally descended Sir John Home of Blackadder, baronet.
He carries, quarterly, first azure, on a cheveron argent, three roses gules, for Black-
adder ; second Home, third Pepdie, fourth Sinclair of Herdmanston, argent, a cross
ingrailed azure, supported on the dexter by an otter, and on the sinister by a
falcon, all proper ; crest, an adder sable in pale, holding in its mouth a rose gules,
leaved and stalked vert : motto, Vise a la fin.

HOME of Renton, descended of Manderston, a younger son of Wedderburn. Of
whom is Sir Robert Home of Renton, Knight-Baronet, who carries, quarterly,
first Home, second Pepdie, third argent, three hunting-horns sable, stringed gules,
for Forrester ; fourth gules-, a pelican feeding her young argent, vulnered, proper,
for Elme of Elmeford, whose heiress they married ; and for crest, a pelican vul-
nered, proper.

HOME of Todrig in the Merse, an ancient cadet of the family of Home, car-
ried, quarterly, first and fourth Home, second and third argent, one papingoe vert,
beaked and membred gules, for Pepdie ; as on his seal appended to a resignation of
the lands of Todrig in the year 1491.

HOME of Eccles, quarterly, first Home, second Pepdie, third argent, three
escutcheons vert, for Home of Broxmouth ; the fourth as the first ; crest, a lion's
head erased, and full faced : motto, True to the end.

The first of this family was Sir James Home, who got from his father, Cowden-
knows, the barony of Eccles. He married Isabel, daughter to the Lord Home.
She bore to him several children. The eldest son, Sir George, married Jean Home,
heiress of Broxmouth and Pinkerton. He was one of those who accompanied Sir
William Alexander to plant Nova Scotia in America, according to the tenor of
the institution of the Order of Knight-Baronet, whose posterity enjoyed the estate of
Eccles till of late. This family is now represented by Alexander Home, Esq. a
son of that family, who has right to carry the above arms : As in the Plate of
Achievements.

HUME of Kimmerghame, descended of a second brother of the House of Pol-
warth, carried, quarterly, first Home, within a bordure ingrailed argent ; second
Polwarth, third Sinclair ; and fourth as first ; crest, a lion's head erased argent,
with a collar powdered with roses and flower-de-luces gules : motto, True to the
end.

This family has of late failed in an heir-male, and the fortune is now fallen to
Sir Andrew Hume, a younger son of the Earl of Marchmont, as heir-male, one of
the Senators of the College of Justi.ce, who carries his father's arms, as before,
v, ithih a bordure ermine. As in Plate of Achievements.

Sir GUSTAVUS HUME of Home-Castle in Ireland, descended of Sir Alexander
Hume of North-Berwick, a younger son of Polwarth, who was Provost of Edin-
burgh in the reign of King James VI. carried, quarterly, first and fourth, the arms
of Polwarth of that Ilk ; second and third Sinclair ; and over all an escutcheon, by
way of surtout vert, a lion rampant argent, on a chief of the last, three papingoes
of the first, for Home and Pepdie : Which arms were lately placed by our heralds
on the funeral escutcheon of George Hume of Kimmerghame, and are so cut in
the Plate of Achievements.

HOME of Ninewells is said to be descended of Home of Tvningham, who was
of a younger son of Home of that Ilk, vert, a lion rampant arge.it, within a bor-
dure or, charged with nine fountains or wells, proper, relative to his de ignation ;
crest, a lion's head erased argent, collared gules : motto, True to the end. Lyon
Register.

HOME of Whitefield, descended of a brother of Ninewells, quarterly, first and
fourth Home of Ninewells ; second Pepdie, third argent, a stag's head erased, with
a'cross pateefitcbe, between his attires gules, for Cairncross; his mother being the
only sister of Mr Alexander Cairncross, sometime Parson of Dumfries, and after
Archbishop of Glasgow. He died unmarried, Bishop of Raphoe in Ireland, to whose
fortune the above George Home of Whitefield succeeded.

HOME of Crossrig, one of the Senators of the College of Justice, a second bro-
ther of Sir James Home of Blackadder, quarterly, first and fourth vert, a lion ram-

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. 275

pant argent, within a bordure ermine; second and third azure, on a cheveron ar-
gent, three roses gules, for the name of Blackadder; crest, a lion's head erased ar-
gent, collared gules : motto, TIM to the end.

HOME of West-Reston, a cadet of Home of Ayton, carries the arms of Ayton,
as before, within a bordure gules, for difference ; crest, a lion's head erased argent,
collared gitles, charged with roses of the first : motto, True to the end.

So much then for the surname of Home or Hume, whose arms I have found in
our records, who were originally descended of the old Earls of Dunbar and March,
whose surname Home became as soon hereditary as the surname of Dunbar, to
the descendants of that family; and the same I may say of the name of Dum.
who is thought to be another branch of the old Earls of Dunbar, upon the account
they carry the lion of Dunbar, with transmutation of the tinctures only, vi/.
argent, a lion rampant gu!f\. For

The first of the family of DUNDAS, was one Helias son of Uchtred, who got the
lands of Dundas from Waldeve, who, as some say, was father of Cospatricius Comes
de Dunibar, the first Earl of March, about the year 1124, in the reign of King
Alexander I. as by the principal charter in the family of Dundas. They took the
surnames from their buds of Dundas.

I have met with another Helias dc D-undass, witness in a charter of Philip de
Moitbray, of lands in Inneikeithing, to the abbacy of Dunfermline, in the reign of
under II. And in Alexander HI.'s reign, Rodolphus de Dundass is frequently
to be met with as a witness in the charters of Alexander III. For which see
Huddington's Collection. And in Prynne's History of Edward I. Serel de Dundass
is to be found. James de Dundass makes a resignation in the hands of King
David 11. of the lands of Fingask, to his son John de Dundass, of whom is descend-
ed the present laird of Dundas. The achievement of the family, for many ages,
is argent, a lion rampa:it g uh's ; crest, a lion's head full faced, looking through a
bush of oak, proper; with the motto, Essayez; supporters, two lions gules ; and
below the shield, for a device, or, as some call it, a compartment, (of which after-
ward) a salamander in flames of fire, proper. As in Plate of Achievements.

There are several honourable families, branches of the ancient family of DUNDAS
of that Ilk.

- DUNDAS of Arniston, argent, a lion rampant gules, within a bordure ermine ;
crest, a lion's head coupcd or : motto, Essayez.

The first of this family was Sir James Dundas, son of the second marriage of
George Dundas of that Ilk, and his wife Katharine Oliphant, daughter to the Lord
Oliphant. His son, Sir James, was one of the Senators of the College of Justice,
and liis grandchild, the present Robert Dundas of Arniston, also another Senator
of that learned Bench, obtained from the Lyon Herald a new extract of the fore-
said blazon, with the addition of supporters, viz. that on the right right side, a lion
rampant gules, and" the other, on the left, an elephant, proper, to show his descent
from the Lord Oliphant.

DUNDAS of Newliston, designed formerly of Craigton, descended of Duncan
Dundas. a second son of James Dundas of that Ilk, and his lady, a daughter of the
House of Callander, carries the arms of Dundas, with a suitable difference ; with-
out which, they are now quartered in the achievement of John Earl of Stair,
for marrying Elizabeth, daughter and heir of Sir John Dundas of Newliston.

GEORGE DUNDAS of Duddingston, descended of the family of Dundas, carries
Dundas, with a man's heart betwixt the lion's paws gules ; crest, a dexter hand
holding a star azure : motto, Essayez. New Register. And there,

DUNDAS of Manor, a second son of Duddingston, carries as Duddingston, with
a crescent for his difference.

DUNDAS of Philpston, descended of a second son of the family of Dundas of
that Ilk, argent, a lion rampant, within a bordure gules ; crest, a demi-lion gar-
dant, proper, issuing out of a bush of oak vert : motto, Essayez. New Register.

DUNDAS of. Kincavel, Advocate, another cadet of Dundas of that Ilk, argent, a
lion rampant gules, on a chief sahle, a salamander in the fire, proper; ci'est, a lion's
paw erect, proper : motto, Essayez bardiment. Ibid.

DUNDAS of Bandary, another cadet, carries the lion of Dundas, within a bordure
indented gules ; crest, a lion's paw bend-way? : motto, Essayez. Ibid.

.276 OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS.

DUNDAS of Breastmill, another cadet of Dundas of that Ilk, the arms of that
family, within ' a bordure gobonated, gules and argent ; crest, a lion from the
shoulders, proper, issuing out of a bush of oak vert : motto, Essayez. Ibid.

The arms of MACDUFF, THANES and Earls of FIFE, most probably are originally in
imitation of the sovereign bearing, being of the same tinctures and figure, viz. or,
a lion rampant gules, armed and langued azure ; the double tressure being only
omitted, to distinguish those from the royal arms, to which they might have
gone as near as any family in the kingdom, having many privileges and honours,
anciently conferred upon them by our old kings, upon the account of alliance and
noble exploits. The family was early dignified with the title of Earl of Fife, by
King Malcolm III. as by our historians and genealogists, to whom I refer my
reader for the descent of the family, which continued one of the greatest in the
nation for many years, and ended in the reign of King David II. when Duncan
MacdufF Earl of Fife was killed at the battle of Durham, 1346, having daughters.
Isabel, who succeeded him in the privileges and honours of the earldom, married
first Sir William Ramsay, and afterwards Sir Thomas Bisset, but had no issue to
either of them. She therefore resigned the honours to Robert Earl of Monteith,
her brother-in-law, afterwards Duke of Albany : And so this noble family ended.

Sir George Mackenzie, in his Science of Heraldry, gives us a copy of one of the
seals of the MacdufFs Earls of Fife, being after an equestrian form, having the re-
presentation of a man in armour on horseback, with a capilon on his helmet, hang-
ing down to the horse-tail, and on the top of the helmet a demi-lion for crest ; in
his right hand a sword, and on his left arm a shield, charged with a lion rampant ;
and upon the caparisons of his horse are placed several little triangular shields,
each charged with a lion rampant.

There are four families of different surnames that pretend to be descended of
the Macduffs old Earls of Fife, viz. the Wemyss, M'Intosh, those of the surname of
Fife and Farquharson, who all carry or, a lion rampant gules, to hold forth their
descents. Of whom I shall give a short detail, as to their antiquities, with the
blazon of their armorial achievements.

There is a strong tradition that the first of the family of WEMYSS of that Ilk
was a son of Macduff Thane of Fife, in the Usurpation of Macbeth ; who, having
hid himself from that tyrant's cruelty in Coves, in the east end of Fife, near
his own residence, from which he took the name Wemyss, the Irish word weimb
signifying a cove : And Sir Robert Sibbald, in his History of Fife, tells us, that
the family of Wemyss is descended of a younger son of the old Earls of Fife, and
took their names from the Coves upon the coast of Fife.

, The family of Wemyss is both ancient and honourable, as Sir George Mackenzie,
in his Manuscript, says, in the reign of King William, about the year 1165,
Johannes de Annestie, miles, gives a charter Johanni de Weems, IS Annabellee sponsa
sutz filia: meae of the lands Cambron, usque ad le Harla, inter terram Domini Mi-
chaelis de Weems IS Cambron. Those of the family of Wemyss were principal
sheriffs in Fife in the year 1239.

In the Chartulary of Dunfermline there is a precept directed Domino Davidi
de Weems, Vice-Cmniti de Fife, by William Earl of Ross, Justiciarius ex parle bo-
reali marts Scoticani, anent the eighth part of the amerciament of the Justice ayres
of Fife, to be paid to the abbacy of Dunfermline, anno 1239; which is also in the
Karl of Haddington's Collections. Sir David Wemyss, and Sir Michael Scott,
knights, as our historians, and especially Buchanan, who calls them " Equites
1 Fifani illustres, &c summs prudentiae apud suos illis temporibus habiti," were
^cnt after the death of Alexander III. by the Estates of Scotland, to Norway, for
to bring home the deceased king's grand-daughter, Queen Margaret, who died
unluckily in her journey to Scotland. As for the descent of the honourable fa-
mily of Wemyss, I refer the reader to Sir Robert Sibbald's History of Fife, and to
Mr Crawfurd's Peerage. The family was honoured in the person of Sir James
Wemyss of that Ilk, with the title of Lord Wemyss of Elcho, by letters 1628 ;
and, in the year 1633, was advanced to the degree of Earl of Wemyss, Lord Elcho.
The heir-male and representer of this family is the present David Earl of Wemyss,
whose achievement is, quarterly, first and fourth or, a lion rampant gules, armed
and langued azure, for Wemyss ; second and third argent, a lion rampant sable,

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. -z - 7

armed and langued gules ; some say fur Glen of Inch marline, others .say for Mor-
timer of Inchmartine, with which family the barons of Wemyss matched ; ami, a^,
a coat of alliance, marshalled it with their o\vn, as on their seals, since the year
1423. But of late the present Kail has disused these arms, and carries only those
of Wemyss, supported by two swans, and another for crest, all proper; witli the
motto, Je p

MYSS ot Rires, an old cadet of Wemyss of that Ilk, quarterly, first and fourth
Wemyss ; second and third azure, a bend argent, for Bixs:-t of Rires, as descended
of an heiress of that family. Pout's Manuscript.

Dr JAMES \' Dean of the Chapter of St Andrews, and Principal of St

Leonard's College, lawful son to Henry Wemvss of Fudie, who v.-.is a joungei
of W'jims-, of t!i::t Ilk, carries the quartered coat of that tamily, as above, with-
in a bordure counter-companed or and ^ulcs ; crest, a cross croslet or, within two
branches of palm, disposed in orle tv;/: motto, Virtus dum paritr rincit. New
Register.

Mr DAVID WOIYSS of Balfargie, whose grandfather was Sir James Wemyss, a
second lawful sen of (he Karl of Wemyss, carries quarterly, as the Earl of W e:!iy,s,
within a bordure quartvred gules and sable; crest, a demi-swan, with wings ex-

;:.led, proper: motto, C-.^ito. Lyon Register.

The first of the family of MACINTOSH is said to have been a younger son of Dun-
can Macdutl", third Earl of Fife, who accompanied King Malcom IV. in his expe-
dition for suppressing the rebels in Murray-land, and, for his good services, was
rewarded with many lands in the North, and was commonly called Mackintoshich
vie duifb that is to say, Thane Macdutl", his son ; from which the name Macintosh
became a surname to his posterity. One of this family, about the year 1292, mar-
ried the daughter and heiress of a branch of the Clan-chattans, and with her got
some lands in Lochaber, and since they have been in use to carry the arms of
Clan-chattan, known by the name of Macpherson, with their own, vi/.. quarterly,
first, or, a lion rampant gules, as descended of Macduff Earl of Fife; second, argent,
a dexter hand couped fesse-ways, gtasping a man's heart pale-ways gules ; third,
azure, a boar's head couped or, said to be for Gordon of Lochinvar, as a coat of
alliance with that family, now Viscount of Kenmore ; fourth, or, a lymphad, her
oars erect in saltier sable, upon the account of the marriage with the heiress of
Clan-chattan ; crest, a cat salient, proper, and supported by two cats, as the for-
mer : motto, Touch not the cat, but a glove. Lyon Register.

And there are matriculated the arms of the following cadets of Macintosh.

DONALD MACINTOSH of Kiliachie, descended of a second brother of the family of
Macintosh of that Ilk, quarterly, first and fourth or, a lion rampant gules, for
Macduff"; second and third or, a dexter hand couped fesse-ways, holding a dagger
pale-ways in chief gules, and a galley, her oars saltier-ways in base sable, for the
Clan-chattan ; crest and motto as Macintosh of that Ilk.

ALEXANDER. MACINTOSH of Connadge, descended of another younger son of Macin-
tosh, carries as Kiliachie, within a bordure vair, for difference ; with the same
crest and motto.

LAUCHLAN MACINTOSH of Kinrara, descended of a second son of Macintosh of that
Ilk, bears three coats quarterly ; first, Macintosh; second, that of Clan-chattan, as
above ; third, azure, a boar's head couped or ; and, the fourth, as the first ; crest
and motto, a* above.

LAUCHLAN MACINTOSH of Aberardor, Representer of Duncan Macintosh, his grand-
father, who w-as a fifth son of the Laird of Macintosh, bears four coats quarterly,
as Macintosh ot" that Ilk, all within a bordure gules, charged with eight Annulets
';;•; crest, a cat courant and gurdant, proper: motto, Touch not the cat, but a

The surname of FIFE, (but a small name now) as I have said, pretends likewise
to be descended of a younger son of Macduff Earl of Fife ; from which title they
have the name, and carry the arms.

Sir James Balfour, in his Manuscript of Blazons, says, that in the reign of King
William there was a family of the name of Fife, designed of Kennua, in that
Hiire, who carried or, a lion rampant gules, armed and langued azure, on a chief.
of the second, a crescent between two stars of the first.

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS.

There is one Alexander de Fife witness in a charter of King Alexander III. the
thirteenth year of his reign, to Richard de Moravia, brother to Gilbert, Bishop of
Caithness, penes Doni. de Kinnaird.

Our Scots Highland Senachies will have the Farquharsons, and others of the
late surnames, to be descended of Shaw, a son of MacdufF, one of the Earls of
Fife.

The principal family of the name is FARQUHARSON of Invercauld, who carries,,
quarterly, first and fourth or, a lion rampant gules, as descended of Macduff Earl
of Fife ; second and third argent, a fir tree growing out of a mount, in base, seed-
ed proper (upon the account his country abounds with such trees) on a chief gules
the banner of Scotland displayed, (upon the account one of his progenitors, Fin-
lay More, was killed at the battle of Pinkie, holding the royal banner) and a can-
ton dexter pf the first, charged with a dagger, point downward, to perpetuate the
action of his progenitors of Rothiemurcus, who joined with the Macphersons in de-
feating and killing Cumin of Strathbogie, enemy to King Robert the Brace ;
(which figure upon the same account is carried by the Macphersons) and, for crest,
a lion issuing out of a wreath gulfs and or, holding a sword in his right paw, pro-
per, hiked and pommelled or ; supporters, two wild cats, proper : motto, Fide ist
fortitudine. As the abstract of his arms from the Lyon Oilice. And there,

The name of Farquhar, ROBERT FARQUHAR of Gillmyr's-croft, argent, a lion
rampant sable, armed and langued or, between three sinister hands, two and one,
couped pale-ways gules ; crest, a dexter hand couped as the former : motto, Sto,
cado, fide & arinis.

FARQUHAR of Manie, quarterly, first argent, a lion rampant sable, armed or,
and langued gules; second, azure, a sinister hand in pale, couped argent; third or,
a galley with masts and tackling sable ; fourth, argent, an oak tree vert; and, for
a brotherly difference in the middle fesse point, a crescent gules ; crest, a star
argent issuing out of a cloud, proper : motto, Vertitur in diem. New Register.

Many other Highland families carry lions and hands couped, and lymphads, as
the M'Lauchlans, M'Conells, M'Downies, and M'Cowans, Finlays and M'Jandes,
as branches of the M'Donalds, Macphersons, and Macintoshes, being of the tribe of
the Clan-chatt, whom I forbear here to mention ; their descents being uncertain,
their arms unfixed, and their names mutable patronimics.

The surname of CRICHTON, argent, a lion rampant azure. This surname is
among the first surnames mentioned by our historians in the reign of Malcolm III.
I have seen the charter of erection of the abbacy of Holyroodhouse by King
David I. in the archives of the town of Edinburgh, to which Thurstanus de Creich-
ton is a witness. There have been several great families of this name. The prin
cipal, as I suppose, was Crichton of that Ilk, in the shire of Edinburgh; and from
it originally the surname. John de Creichton is frequently a witness in the charters
of King Robert the Bruce; and William de Creichton, Dominus ejusdem, is witness in
a charter of Alexander Lindsay of Ormiston, of the lands of'Ormiston, to Janet
Lindsay his daughter, and her spouse, John Cockburn ; which charter is confirm-
ed by King David II. the 2pth year of his reign : For which see the Earl of Hacl-
dington's Collections.

From this Sir William de Creichton of that Ilk was descended Sir William Crich-
ton, Chancellor of Scotland, in the minority of King James II. who was then de-
signed Lord Crichton, and who carried/quarterly, first and fourth argent, a lien
ramp-ant azure ; second and tiiird argent, a saltier and chief azure, to show a ma-
ternal descent from the heiress of Boyes, Lord Boycs, as some say. His son, Sir
James Crichton, married Mary Dunbar, as before, daughter to James Earl of
Murray, and got with her the lands of Frendraught. He was', by King James II. made
Earl of Murray ; but, for fear of the Douglasses, resigned the same in the King's
hands again, who bestowed it upon the Douglas; of whom before. His son, George
Crichton, was made Earl of Caithness and Admiral of Scotland ; but he enjoyed
that dignity but a short time, dying without issue. His brother William was Laird
of Frendraught, and carried the foresaid quartered arms, and, by way of surtout,
or, three cushions within a double tressure, counter-flowered with flower-de-luces
gules, as descended of the Dunbars Earls of Murray, as did his successors; they
are thus illuminated amongst the Barons' Arms in the House of Falahall, 1604.

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. :: ,

JAMES CRICHTON of Frendraught was created Viscount of Frendraught by King
Charles 1. in the year 1642. His son was James Viscount of Frendraught, whose
son, William, died without issue, and the honours fell to his uncle Lewis; they
carried, quarterly, first and 'fourth argent, a lion rampant azure, armed and langued
gules, for Crichton ; second and third argent, a saltier and chief azure, for tii"
Lord Boyes ; over all an escutcheon azure, three stars argent, within a double tres-
sure counter-flowered or, in place of the former surtout ; supporters, two 1:
azure, armed and crowned or; crest, a dragon spouting out fire, proper, andcro
ed with a Viscount's coronet.

CRICHTON Earl of DUMFRIES, quarterly, first and fourth Crichton ; second and
third azure, three water-budgets or, for Ross of Sanquhar ; supporters, two lions
azure, armed and langued guics, and crowned or ; crest, a dragon vert, spouting
out out lire : motto, Uod si ml ,;; race.

The fir.it of this family \ .'/«/« de Crichton, a son of Crichton of that Ilk,

in the reign of King Robert the Bruce, who married Isabel, one of the co-heirs of
Ross of Sanquhar: for which see Dalrymple's Collections, page 419, and, with
her, got the half of the barony of Sanquhar ; his successors purchased the whole
barony afterwards; for there is a charter in the reign of King James II. of S;r Ro-
bert Crichton of Sanquhar, and his son Robert Crichton of Kinnoul, who had mar-
ried Catharine, heiress of Sir Nicol Erskine of Kinnoul: There is also a gift of the
Shsriifship of Dumfries, by King James II. to Sir Robert Crichton of Sanquhar,
dated at Stirling the 5th of November 1452. Amongst the witnesses is IViltielmus
di- Crichton, nosier cancellarius & consanguineus pradilectus ; for which see Had-
dington's Collections. Sir Robert Crichton- was created a Lord of Parliament by
the title of Lord Crichton of Sanquhar, by King James III. about the year 1487.
William Crichton, Lord Crichton of Sanquhar, was created Viscount of Ayr, anno
162^ ; and, by King Charles I. Earl of Dumfries, in the year 1633. ^e nac^' ^y
his Lady Euphame, daughter of James Seaton of Touch, William Earl of Dum-
fries, who was one of the Privy Council to King Charles II. His son was Charles
Lord Crichton, who died before his father, Earl William, leaving a son, William,
by his wife Sarah, daughter of James, first Viscount of Stair, who died young ;
and his sister Penelope succeeded into the fortune and honours. She married Wil-
liam Dalrymple, son to John, first Earl of Stair, and has issue.

There were several other families of the name of Crichton, as CRICHTON of Cran-
ston, who carried quarterly, first and fourth or, 'a lion rampant azure, within a
bordure gules, for Crichton ; second and third argent, a saltier and chief azure,
for Boyes.

DAVID CRICHTON of Cranston, who is descended of Frendraught, was one of
the Commissioners nominated by King James III. in the treaty of marriage witli
his Majesty, and Margaret, daughter of the King of Denmark.

JAMES CRICHTON of Ruthven, argent, a lion rampant azure, on a chief of the
last, three lozenges of the first ; crest, a pillar argent : motto, Stand sure. New
Register. And there,

JAMES CRICHTON of Easthill, a cadet of Ruthven, argent, a lion rampant
azure, armed and langued sable , and, in chief, two martlets -gules : motto, God me
guide.

Mr JOHN CRICHTON, descended of Mr Alexander Crichton, brother to Robert

Lord Crichton of Sanquhar, residing in France, is the appearing heir-male ot the

family of Crawfurdston,- quarterly, first and fourth, Crichton ; second and third

azure, three Water-budgets or, for Ross of Sanquhar, all within a bordure ingrailed

: crest, a dragon's head vert, spouting out fire proper. Ibid.

CRICHTON of Waughton, quarterly, first and fourth, Crichton ; second and
third argent, three escutcheons, within a bordure gules, for the name of Hay.
Bulfour's Manuscript.

CRICHTON of Innerneity, ermine, a lion rampant azure. Pout's Manuscript.

CRICHTON of Brunston, argent, a lion rampant azure, armed and langued gules,
withia a bordure ingrailed of the second. Ibid.

CRICIH-ON of Cairns, quarterly, first and fourth Crichton; second and third
gu/es, three martbts or, for the narru of Cairns. L. Manuscript.

^8s OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS.

The surname of WALLACE, gules, a lion rampant argent. Sir James Dalrymplc
brings the first of this family and name from one Eitnarus Galehts a Welshman, so
called in Scotland, upon the account of his country. He is a witness in the char-
ter of foundation of the abbacy of Selkirk, by David, younger son of King Mal-
colm III. From him was descended Ricardus Guallensis, as in a charter granted
by him to the abbacy of Kelso in the reign of King Alexander II. From this
Richard Guallensis or Waknsis came the surname of Wallace to his posterity ; and
the place of his residence was called Riccarton, alter his first name. One of his
successors married Linday, heiress of Craigie, and are designed of Craigie, in the
reign of Robert II. whose arms they quarter with their own.

The representer and chief of the family is Sir THOMAS WALLACE of Craigie,
Bart, who carries, quarterly, first and fourth gules, a lion rampant argent. Some
make the lion or, and it is so illuminated in Falahall, anno 1604. Second and
third gules, a fesse cheque, azure and argent, for Lindsay of Craigie. Workman,
in his Manuscript, gives two savages supporters to this family.

Sir WILLIAM WALLACE of Ellerslie, patriot and champion for the freedom of his
country against the usurping English, was Governor of Scotland. He was son and
heir of Sir Malcolm Wallace, and his wife, a daughter of Sir Reginald Crawfurd
of Loudon ; which Sir Malcolm was a younger son of the family of Wallace of
Riccarton, afterwards designed of Craigie. The brave Sir William Wallace was
betrayed by Sir John Monteith to the English, who barbarously murdered him at
London in the year 1305, by command of Edward I. leaving issue only one daugh-
ter, who was married to Sir William Baillie of Hoprig, from whom Baillie Of La-
mington is descended. The lands of Ellerslie returned to the family of Craigie,
and went off again, in patrimony, to another younger brother of that family about
the beginning ot the reign of King Robert 111. and continued a separate family
till the year 1678, and again returned to the family of Craigie, and since be-
came the patrimony and designation of Sir Thomas Wallace, now of Craigie,
during the life of Sir William Wallace, his elder brother ; and are now again the
property of John Wallace of Ellerslie, nephew and apparent heir of John Wallace
of Neilstonade.

The arms of Wallace of Ellerslie, as in Sir George Mackenzie's Science of
Heraldry, gules, a lion rampant argent, within a bordure gobonated of the last,
and azure.

HUGH WALLACE, Writer to his Majesty's Signet, now of Ingliston, descended of
a third son of the family of Craigie, carries the arms of that family, with a mullet
only for difference ; crest, an ostrich in full flight, proper : motto, Sperandum est.
New Register. And there,

PATRICK WALLACE, sometime 'Provost of Aberbrothick, quarterly, first and fourth
or, a lion rampant gules, between two mullets in fesse azure ; second and third
gulss, a fesse cheque, azure and argent.

In the shire of Berwick, besides the HOMES, there were other ancient families of
different surnames, who carried lions rampant, in variation of tinctures from the
old Earls of Dunbar and March, whether upon the account of descent from that
eminent family, or as vassals, carried lions in imitation of those of their patrons,
I shall not be positive, as the Hepburns, Rentons, (of whom before) and those of
the name of Edgar, who held their lands of the old Earls of Dunbar, and carried
a lion rampant.

The principal family of the name of EDGAR there, is EDGAR of Wadderly yet
extant, who carried for their proper arms, sable, a lion rampant argent. As for
flie antiquity of the name I shall here vouch a charter of Earl Patrick, son of
\Valdeve, Earl of Dunbar, who grants to the monks of Durham the church and
lands of Edrom, for prayers to be said for the souls of his father and mother, 'of
King Malcolm, his sons, King Edgar, King Alexander, King David, and his son
Henry, and King Malcolms; and for the safety of his King William, his
brother David, and for himself, wile, and children. The charter has no date, but
is granted in the reign of King William ; and in it. are many witnesses, amongst
whom are several Barons in the shire of Benvick, as cor am Stephana Papedie,
Roberto de Bonavil, Gilberto de Hume, Hmrico de Prcndreghest, Edwardo de Ald-
.anibus, Alano dc Suyntoun, WiiUelmo de Nesbit, Will'tdmo filio Fdgari, IS aliis midiis.

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. 281

The last mentioned William, son of Edgar, I take to be one of the progenitors
of Edgar of Wadderlie. The foresaid principal charter is fully repeated in the
charter of Confirmation of King Robert the Bruce, dated at Berwick the I5th
day of November, the 2ist year of his reign. See Earl of Haddington's Col-
lections.

Richard Edgar, in the reign of King Robert the Bruce, married the eldest
daughter and co-heir of Ross of Sanquhar ; and William Crichton married the
other sister as before, as in Sir James Dalrymple's Collections. King Robert con-
firms to Richard and his son, Donald Edgar, the half of the lands of Sunquhar,
with the Manor-Place. As the charter bears. Haddington's Collections : " De
" capitali Mannerio in Baronia de Sanquhar, cum mediate ejusdem Barromae ad
" ipsum Mannerium pertinen." It appears that Edgar of Wadderlie is descended
of this Richard. I have seen a resignation in the custody of Edgar of Wadderlie,
by Richard Edgar, son of Richard Edgar, of the lands of Wadderlie, in favours of
Robert Edgar, Dominus de IVedderlie, in the year 1376, and confirmed to his son,
John Edgar of Wadderlie, 1384. And besides, the arms of Wadderlie are quarter-
ed with figures like to those of Ross of Sanquhar ; three water-budgets or, much
defaced, as on an old stone on the house of Wadderlie, supported by two grey-
hounds; and for crest, a dexter hand holding a dagger, point downwards : motto,
Man do i(. And on a compartment below, Salutem disponit Dcvs.

DAVID EDGAR of Kithock, sable, a lion rampant, betwixt a garb in chief, and
a writing-pen in base argent ; crest, a dagger and quill crossing other in saltier :
motto, Potius ingenio quant vi. New Register.

JOHN EDGAR in Poland, eldest lawful son of Thomas Edgar of Kithock, in Scot-
land, and Magdalen Guthrie, his spouse, daughter to John Guthrie of Over-Dysart,
sable' a lion rampant argent, between two garbs- in chief of the second, banded
gules, and a besant in base ; crest, a withered branch of oak, sprouting out some
leaves proper : motto, Apparet quod latebat. Lyon Register.

The MOWBRAYS are originally from Normandy.

ROGER MOWBRAY, a Norman, came to England with William the Conqueror,
and was by him made Earl of Northampton ; he carried gules* a lion rampant
argent. The Dukes of Norfolk carried the same as other families of that name in
England, as did those of the name of Mowbray with us who came from England,
and sometimes stood for the interest of England as occasion offered.

The first I meet with is PHILIP de MOWBRAY, frequently a witness in the char-
ters of King Alexander II. He and his wife gave a charter of some lands in
Inverkeithing, to the abbacy of Dunfermline, dated at Edinburgh the first of
July. The witnesses are Emergarda, the Queen, relict of King William, William,
Bishop of St Andrews, William de Fontlbus, Helias de Dundas, and Rodger de
Mubray. (Haddington's Collections.) In. a charter of John Baliol, pretender to
the Crown of Scotland, to Robert de Keith Marischal, of the lands of Keith ;
amongst the witnesses is Galfredus de Mubray. His son Sir Roger Mowbray, for
adhering to the Baliol and the English interest, was forfeited by King Robert I.
and his barony of Eckford, in the shire of Roxburgh, was given to Robert the
Great Steward, afterwards King ; and his lands of Dummanie to Reginald Cheyne,
Knight. As in Haddington's Collections. His son, James Mowbray, returned to
Scotland with Edward Baliol, and took possession of his lands ; but dying without
male issue, they were divided betwixt his three daughters and their husbands, who
were Englishmen. Upon which their uncle Alexander Mowbray left Baliol's ser-
vice, and returned to his due allegiance to King David Bruce. He had only one
daughter, who succeeded to the lands of .Barnbougle ; whom she married I know
not ; he was either of the name or took on the name of Mowbray. Sir George
Mackenzie, in his. Manuscript, says the family carried gules , a lion rampant
argent, supported with a man and woman. David Mowbray of Barnbougle was
one of the hostages sent to England for the ransom of King James I. In that
King's reign the family came to another heiress, who married Robert Drummond,
second son to Sir John Drummond of Stobhall. He took upon him the name and
arms of the family, which is lately extinct.

ABERNETHY, or, a lion rampant gules, surmounted of a ribbon sable. The first
of this surname being proprietor of the town and lands of Abernethy, in the shire

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS.

of Fife, took his surname from these lands. And, by our records, there is Qimc
de Abernethy, son of Hugh, in the reign of King William ; and amongst the wit-
nesses in the charters of King Alexander II. Laurentius de Abernetby and Reginal-
dus de Abernethy are frequently to be met with. Haddington's Collections. I
have seen a' charter of Hugh de Abernethy, of the lands of Owrebenchery to William
de Federeth, exonering him and his heirs from making any appearance in his
Court for these lands. This charter was granted in the reign of Alexander III.
and the seal thereto appended was entire, having a lion rampant bruised with a
ribbon. In the reign of Robert I. Alexander de Abernethy, Dominus de eodeni,
(Sir Robert Sibbald's History of Fife) left behind him three daughters, co-heirs ;
Margaret, married to John Stewart, Earl of Angus, who got with her the barony
of Abernethy, Helen to Norman de Lindsay of Crawford, who got with her the
barony of Balinbrei.ch, and the third daughter Mary, was wife to Andrew Leslie
of Rothes, who with her got the barony of Downy in Angus. These three daugh-
ters were the mothers of three great families, Earls of Angus, Rothes, and Craw-
ford, who have been in use to marshal the arms of Abernethy, as before blazoned,
with their own.

Of the male line of the family of Abernethy was ABERNETHY of Rothiemay.
Laurence Abernethy was created Lord of Parliament by King James II in the
year 1455, to be stiled Lord Abernethy in Rothiemay, amongst the Lords in Par-
liament 1464. In the Act of Revocation of King James III. is WILLIAM Dominus
de Abernethy of Rothiemay. He is a witness in that King's charter of the lands of
Corstorphin to Alexander Forrester. His successors were commonly stiled Lords
Abernethy of Salton, and carried quarterly, first and fourth Abernethy, as above ;
second and third argent, three piles, points conjoined in base, .gules, for Wishart;
supported by two falcons proper ; armed, chessed and belled or ; crest, a parrot
feeding on a bush of cherries proper : motto, Salus per Christum.

ALEXANDER, the last Lord ABERNETHY, died about the year 1669. He sold the
lands of Salton to Sir Andrew Fletcher ; but the honours of the Lord Salton de-
volved to his nephew Sir Alexander Fraser of Philorth, in right of his mother, a
sister of the last Lord Salton, whose successors have been in use to quarter these
arms with their own : As afterwards.

The heir-male of the family was ALEXANDER ABERNETHY of Auchnacloich, whom,
it seems, the last Alexander Lord Abernethy, designed to have declared his heir
and successor, as by his missive letters to him and his wife, which I have seen ;
wherein he invites and persuades his cousin, Auchnacloich, to come to Edinburgh,
upon the account, as the words of the letters, that it is his conjunct interest with
his, he being the nearest of kin and name to him. But death soon after prevented
the effectuating any thing by Lord Alexander.

ALEXANDER ABERNETHY of Auchnacloich stands recorded in the Lyon Register,
descended of ABERNETHY Lord SALTON, carrying the arms of the Lord Salton, as
above, with a bordure for his difference. His son John Abernethy, now of Mayen,
as male representer of Abernethy Lord Salton, disuses the bordure, and makes
use of the principal arms of the name : with the crest and motto, as above.

The surname of GRAY in Scotland, as descended from the Greys of Wark in
Northumberland, carry the same arms, viz. gules, a lion rampant within a bor-
dure ingrailed argent. Of whom before.

M'DOWALL or M'DOUGALL, which I take to be the same, (the figures and tinc-
tures of their arms being all alike, and they themselves using the name promiscu-
ously,) is a very old Scots name, which they derive with their original, from
Dovall of Galloway, who lived about 230 years before the birth of our Saviour,
killed Nothatus the tyrant, the sixth King of Scotland, and established Reutherus,
who had the better right to the throne, as our historians tell us. Afterwards,
another Dowall, Captain of Galloway, with the Captain of Lorn, went into England
against the Romans in support of the Britons, and put a stop to the Roman armies
in defence of their own country. Upon this account, Sir George Mackenzie ob-
serves, in his Science of Heraldry, p. 3. The M'Dowall bears the lion collared
with an antique crown.

The old Lords of GALLOWAY were of this name, and one of the most powerful
families in Scotland at that time. They built five abbacies and five priories, and

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. 28.5-

endowed them with several lands, viz. the abbacies of Tongland, New-Abbey,
Souls-Sc.r, Kilconquhar, and Glenluce. The priories of Hoiycross, Lincluden,
Le^la.'.anago, St Mary-isle, and Whithorn, a work of most prodigious charge,
which few private families in Europe can be said to have done the like.

The family of the' e ancient lords ended in Allan Lord of Galloway, and High
Constable of Scotland, who, as Buchanan says, was Omnium ScrAwum longe $01
tissimus: He, having no male issue, left three daughters, the eldest whereof wa^
married to John Baliol, father to the competitor, 111 virtue of whose right he
claimed the crown of Scotland and lordship of Galloway. Baliol being forfeited,
the honour and remaining part of the estate devolved to the crown, where they
continued till Sir Archibald Douglas, for his good services, in defeating Edward
Baliol at Annan, had them bestowed on him by King David 11. who neveitln
had a claim by blood of his wife Dornagill;,. daughter to John Cumin, who married
Mary, second daughter to the said Allan Lord of Galloway.

The Douglasses continued to be lords of Galloway till the forfeiture of the Ear! i
of Douglas, commonly called the Black Douglasses, who carried the arms of Gallo-
way, vii.. azure, a lion rampant argent, crowned or, quartered with their own arms,
as do yet the principal branches of that noble family.

It is said before that the arms of the old Lords of Galloway were azure, a lion
rampant argent, collared with an antique crown or: But Camden, in his Britannia
tie Gallovedia, tells, that Henry I. King of England, gave a grant to Fergus Lord
of Galloway, for some special services, of carrying the lion crowned ; of which that
family ever afterwards had the lion crowned, neglecting, it seems, to have it collar-
ed only with an open crown.

There are three old families of note in Galloway, with one in Teviotdale, of the
name of M'Dowall, claiming their descents from the old Lords of Galloway, and
carrying their arms as a tessera of their descent.

The first is that of M'DOWALL or M'DOUGALL of Garthland, which appears to be
the principal family of the name; having seen in the custody of James Fergus-
son, Esq. younger of Kilkerran, two bonds of Manrent, granted by M'Dowall
of Logan, and M'Dowall of Freugh, to Uthred M'Dowall of Garthland, as their
chief and principal, as the bonds, of the date 1593, bear. This family derives its
descent from Ethred M'Dougall, a younger brother to Roland Lord cf Galloway,
and, a younger brother of the abovementioned Allan, last Lord of Galloway, who
from his father got the lands of Garthland, and others in Galloway, still in their
possession, at least a great part of them ; for, as I am informed, there are charters
and evidents in the Tower of London which instruct their rise and descent to be
such. I have seen few of their old evidents, and few of such are to be found with
us of ancient families in that shire, they having suffered more depradations than
others; for, besides that devastation of Edward I. which was over the whole nation,
the M'Dowalls, and most of the gentlemen in Galloway, had all their ancient char-
ters carried off or destroyed ; particularly in King Robert the Bruce's days, they
being more attached to the BalioPs than the Bruce's interest, Baliol being the true
heir of Galloway ; and after, by the tyrannical usurpation of the Black Douglas,
then Lord of Galloway, who was so barbarous, that he not only destroyed the gen-
tlemens' charters, that they might be forced to hold their lands of the Douglasses,
but exacted sums of money yearly, as black-mail, from them, and caused every
parish pay a certain number of black cattle yearly, for his Ladner (thence called
Ladner Marte Kyeii), and upon refusal of any of his demands he imprisoned them.
I have seen, in the hands of the said Mr Fergusson, a charter of Archibald Earl of
Douglas, Lord of Galloway and Annandale, to Thomas M'Dowall of Garthland,
of the lands of Garthland, &c. of the date 1413.

As for the arms of M'Dowall of Garthland, they are to be seen illuminated in
the House of Falahall, with those of other barons, in the year 1604, being azure, a
water or sea in base, and in it a rock, proper, on which stands a lion rampant
argent, gorged with an open crown or. I have also seen them illuminated in
Esplin's Book of Blazons, with those of other barons and gentlemen of the king-
dom, in the year 1630, being azure, a lion rampant argent, only ; and next again,
in the Lyon Register, since the year 1661, as descended of the old Lords of Gal-
loway, azure, a lion rampant argent, crowned or; and for crest, a lion's paw erased

284 OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS.

argent, erect, proper ; with the motto, Sincere vel mart ; but there is ho mention
of supporters, yet I am informed the family has been in use to carry supporters.
The present Alexander M'Dowall of Garthland sent me his seal of arms, which is
cut in the Plate of Achievements, as last blazoned, supported with two lions
crowned, and holding, in their paws, daggers or swords ; and, for crest, a lion's paw
erased, holding up a dagger ; with the motto, on an escrol, Sincere vel mori ; and
on the compartment those words, Fortis in arduis.

M'DOWALL of Logan, though their old charters have met with the like destruc-
tion with others, yet it appears, by an authentic document still remaining, that
they are very old barons ; as by an old charter under the Great Seal, in the yeai
1454, confirming the lands of Alrick, Myroch and Balnagowan, jacen. in Dominio
de Logan, to Andrew M'Dowall, upon resignation of Uthred M'Dowall of Garth-
land, in the hands of Patrick M'Dowall of Logan, superior; whereby the said An-
drew was to hold these lands as freely and honourably as the said Uthred and his
predecessors had held them of the said Patrick and his predecessors, viz. in ward,
Reddendo inde annuatim Ires sectas ad tres curias capitales.

There are two things remarkable in this charter, first, the word dominium, used
in old charters, to signify lordship or barony of the most honourable kind, by
which barons have the privilege of pit and gallows, &c. ; which kind of barons, be-
fore King James I. were dignified with the honour of being heritable members of
Parliament, which is the chief reason why old barons, lineally descended from
them, do use supporters to their arms. Secondly, the clause about Patrick and
his predecessors, demonstrates that this family have been barons long before this
time, which is in King James II.'s reign.

In three other charters granted by the lairds of Logan, for ward-service, and
attendance at their courts, the word dominium is used, viz. in one, for the foresaid
lands, to Margaret Kennedy, daughter of Hugh Kennedy of Girvamnains, for her
iiferent, as Lady Garthland, in the year 1549 ; and in other two, to Quintin and
Ninian Agnews, for the lands of Killumpha and Grenan, the one in the year 1468,
and the other 1596.

That the old charters of this family were destroyed is beyond dispute ; for Pa-
trick M'Dowall of Logan obtained a charter of novodamits, for his barony of Logan,
in the year 1503, under the Great Seal ; wherein it is acknowledged, though all
the ancient charters of the family were lost, that it was known and perfectly un-
derstood, by certain retours shown, that the said Patrick and his predecessors had,
ultra memoriam homirtum, held their lands of Logan blanch of the crown : But
seeing the charters were not then produced, he was obliged to take a new one,
holding his lands ward, as his successors have ever since done.

All the forementioned charters I have seen, excepting the last, whereof there
is only a copy amongst the Lord Haddington's Collections, in the Lawyers' Lib-
rary.

Charles, the son of the last-mentioned Patrick, was killed at the misfortunate
battle of Flodden, in the year 1513.

The arms of this family are azure, a lion rampant argent, collared with an an-
tique crown or ; which I do not find they have ever changed, for, in Esplin's He-
raldry, amongst the illuminated arms of many barons of the kingdom, in the year
1630, they are the same, as above blazoned, and the same way matriculated in the
Lyon Register, anno 1676, and now of late matriculated thus:

ROBERT M'DOWALL of Logan bears azure, a lion rampant argent, gorged with
an antique crown or; crest, a demi-lion argent, crowned with an imperial crown-
or, holding in his right paw a flaming sword : motto, Pro rege in tyrannos, support-
ed with two lions crowned with antique crowns, proper, standing on a compart-
ment, whereon are these words, Victoria vel mors : As in the Plate of Achieve-
ments, conform to the Lyon King at Arms, his patent, under his hand and seal of
office. The foresaid crest and motto, with others to be seen in the Register, are
ro perpetuate the story of their ancestor killing Nothatus the Tyrant, as before.

M'DOWALL or M'DOUGALL of Freugh, is likewise an old family, but has been
-ubject to the same misfortunes that most of the gentry of Galloway suffered, viz.
of haviog all their ancient charters destroyed.

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. 285

The eldest document I have met with of this family, is a ratification of the lands
of K rough, Stephenkirk*, with tlie udvocation and patronage thereof, 22d of Ja-
nuary 1473, to Gilbert M'Dowall of Freugh. tlr. M»M was

Fergus M'Dowall, who married Janet Kennedy of the family of the Lord
Kennedy, and was, served heir to his father Gilbert, in the year 1518, u^ by the
original inquest yet extant, signed by many of the best gentlemen of that country,
does appear.

James, his son, married Florence, daughter to Uthred M'Dowall of Garthland,
and he obtained a new charter of the said lands, with the udvocution and patronage
of Stephenkirk*.

Fergus, his son and heir, married Mary, daughter of John M'Culloch of Myrton;
and \vas succeeded by his son

John, who married Margaret, daughter to Sir Patrick Vans of Barnbarroch, and
obtained also a new charter of the above lands.

Uthred, his son and successor, married Agnes, daughter to Sir Patrick Agnew of
Lochnaw, and was Commissioner for the shire of Wigton to the Parliament, in the
year 1661. His son

Patrick married Barbara, daughter to Fullerton of that Ilk : Their son and
successor is Patrick M'Dowall, now of Freugh, who married Margaret, daughter ta
John Haltridge of Dromore in Ireland. He obtained a new charter for uniting
the lands of Urle, Lochronald, and Balgregan, into one barony with Freugh.

The family has been in use to carry the following arms, as cut on a large win-
dow-board, and on other utensils, in the old House of Freugh, which was attested
by a certificate under the hands of several persons of credit in that country, being
u-zure, a lion rampant argent, crowned with an imperial crown, and gorged with an
antique one or ; crest, a lion's paw erased, and erect : motto, Sincere vd mori ;
and on a compartment below the arms, these words, Pro Deo, rege, "^ patria,
supported with two wild men, wreathed about the head and middle with laurel,
holding flaming daggers in- their hands, pointing upwards, all proper : As in Plate
of Achievements. The date of the carving is in the year 1474, with the letters
G. M'D, for Gilbert M'Dowall, and the same arms are cut out upon a bed 1543,
with the letters J. M'D, being for James M'Dowall, then laird of Freugh: As the
certificate bears, recorded in the Register of Probative Writs.

There are two of the name of M'Dowall mentioned in Prynne'3 Collections,
page 654, among the barons who submitted to Edward I. of England, viz. Fergus
M'Dowall, and Dougall M'Dowall, in Comhatu de Wigtoun : They not being de-
signed, I shall not determine to what families they have been predecessors.

M'DOWALL or M'DOUGALL of Makerston, is an old family in the shire of Tevict-
dalc.

Fergus M'Dowall of Makerston, gets a charter of confirmation of those lands
from King Robert II. the i8th year of his reign; as in the Lord Haddington's
Collections : And in Rotula Roberti II. Dougall M'-Dowall of Makerston married
Euphame, one of the co-heirs of Gifford of Yester. I have seen a note of a charter,
from Robert Duke of Albany to Dougall M' Dougall his son, of several lands be-
longing to the family of Yester, in right of his mother.

Mr William M'Dougall, descended of Makerston, a great man for his learning,
was made a professor of divinity and philosophy in Holland. Some of his works
are extant, which show his learning. Another of this family is

Colonel M'DOUGALL, who has a regiment in Sweden : His predecessor gets a
birth-brief from the Magistrates of Edinburgh, in Cromwell's time, upon the
evidence of the most considerable barons and gentlemen of Teviotdale and the
Merse, by which he pretends to be lineal heir of the family, how just I shall not
determine; which birth-brief I have seen.

The arms of the family of M'DOUGALL of Makerston, as in Pont's Manuscript,

are azure, a lion rampant argent, crowned or, with a star of the first on the lion's

shoulder; their crest and motto I do not know, having never seen their arms at large.

M'DOWALL of Stodrig, in Teviotdale, a%ure, a lion rampant argent, gorged

with an open crown or, and between his fore paws a man's heart, proper ; crest, ;v

* Now called Stonnykirk. £.

-36 OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS.

lion's paw : motto, Sincere vel tmri : Which arms were cut upon a stone abovt:
a door of the House of Stodrig, in the year 1593, as the stone bears.

The first of this family was Thomas M'Dowall, designed burgess of Edinburgh,
who bought the lands of Stothang, now Stodrig, in the shire of Roxburgh, from
John Ormiston of Meryden, as by his charter granted to the said Thomas, the roth
of July 1520, which I have seen. From him is lineally desended the present
Thomas M'Dowall of Stodrig.

There was a great and old family of this name in Argyleshire, called M'OuL,
M'DOWALL. or M'DuoALL, Lords of LORN, whose title and lands went by an heir-
ess, to Stewart, Lord of Lorn, and are now in the family of Argyle; Colin Camp-
bell, the first Earl of Argyle, having married Isabel, heiress of -Stewart of Lorn.

DUNCAN M'OuL, Lord of LORN, built the Priory of Ard-chattan in Lorn, and
endowed it with several lands.

The heir-male of this family is John M'Dougall of Dunolik, whose castle of
Dunolik was the mansion-house of the said family.

The arms of this family were, quarterly, first and fourth azure, a lion rampant
argent, for the name of M'Dougall ; second and third or, a lymphad sable, with
flames of fire issuing out of the top-mast, proper ; as in the Plate of Achievements,
cut at the charge of John M'Dowall, Younger of Logan.

Mr JOHN M'DOWALL of Neilsland, descended of M'DOWALL or M'DOUGALL of
Dunolik, parted per fesse waved azure and or, on the first, a lion rampant argent,
gorged with an antique crown vert. Lyon Register.

ANDREW M'DOWALL, Citizen and Merchant in London, descended of M'Dowall
of Garthland, argent, a lion rampant azure, crowned with an antique crown or,
within a bordure cheque of the same tinctures ; crest, a lion's paw erased and
erected, proper, holding an olive brunch vert : motto, Vincam vel tnorior. Lyon
Register.

Mr ANDREW M'DOWALL, Advocate, second son of the present Robert M'Dowall
of Logan, by his wife Sarah, daughter to Sir John Shaw of Greenock, bears azure,
a lion rampant argentr gorged with an antique crown or, in the .dexter chief point
of the shield a covered cup or, for his maternal figure, all within a bordure ermine.
for his difference : crest and motto, above and below, the same with his father, be-
fore blazoned : As in Plate of Achievements.

PATRICK M'DOWALL of Culgroat, brother to the present Robert, and son to the
deceased Patrick M'Dowall of Logan, by Isabel, daughter to Sir Robert Adair of
Kilhist, bears azure, a lion rampant argent, gorged with an antique crown or, with-
in a bordure argent, charged with eight sinister hands couped and palme gules, for
a maternal difference ; with crest and motto as carried by the said Robert. Plate
of Achievements.

PATRICK M'DOWALL of Crichen, the eldest descendant of the M'Dowalls of Lo-
gant now extant, (one of his predecessors was a son of John M'Dowall of Logan
by Margaret, daughter to Crawfurd of Carse, his second wife), bears azure, a lion
rampant argent, gorged with an antique crown or, on a dexter canton argent, a
hart's head cabossed gules, for a maternal difference ; with crest and motto, as car-
ried by the family. Plate of Achievements.

The surname of MAITLAND, or, a lion rampant gules, couped in all its joints of
the first ; relative to the name, writ of old Mautlant, quasi mutilatus in hello. In
the Chartulary of Dryburgh, Richard de Mautlant gives several lands to that ab-
bacy, which are confirmed by his son William de Mautlant of Thirlestane. In a
principal charter 'which 1 did see in the custody of Sir John Lauder of Fountain -
hall), granted by Robert Lauder of Quarrelwood, of some lands about the town of
Lander, to Thomas Borthwick, which wants a date; but, by the witnesses, it seems
to have been granted in the reign of Robert I. Amongst the witnesses is Johannes
Mautlant, Dominus de Tbirlestanc, and IVillislmus Mautlant. The next in succes-
sion was Thomas de Thirlestane, who gives, in free alms to the religious of Dryburgh,
the teinds of his mill of Thirlestane. His successor was Robert, who is a witness
in a charter by John Maxwell of Pencaitland, to the abbacy. of Dryburgh, in the
reign of King David II. This Robert got a charter from that king of the lands of
Lethington. His son was John Mautlant of Thirlestane, who married Agnes, a daugh-

•<f Patrick Dunbar Earl cf March. And their son, Robert of Thirlestane, was

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. 287

intrusted by his uncle, George Earl of March, to keep the castle of Dunbar \vhen
he \vunt discontented to England, and turned an enemy to his country; but Robert
Maitland surrendered the castle, and Ins family afterwards was designed of Lething-
ton. His son and succes William, father of John, who had two sons, William

and James Maitlandsof Achincastle, in Dumfrieshire; of whom branched the Mait-
lamU at Eccles. William, last mentioned, died in his father's lifetime, being killed
at l''k>dden, and left a son, Sir Richard, by his wife, a daughter of George Lord
Seaton, who succeeded his grandfather ; which Sir Richard Maitland of Lething-
ton was a Lord of the Session, and Privy Seal to Queen Mary. He married a
daughter of Thomas Cranston of Corsby, and by her had three sons, Sir William,
Sir John, and Mr T. The first succeeded his father; he \vas Secretary of

State to Queen Mary, and left a son by a daughter of the Lord Fleming, called
James, who died without issue. His brother, Sir John, was Secretary to King
James V!. and afterward ••; Chancellor of Scotland, and succeeded his brother Sir
William. He, by that King, was created a Lord of Parliament, by the title of
Lord Thirlestane, May iyth 1590. Before this time I do not observe that the
family had the double trcssure round their lion : for, in Sampson's Hall, in the
house of Seaton, where the Achievements of the nobility and gentry that have re-
lation to the family of Seaton, are truly and curiously embossed and illuminated
by the order of George Lord Seaton, 1526, the arms -of Maitland of Lethington
are there blazoned without the double tressure, as above. But when they were
dignified with the title of Lord, I observe the double tressure addea to their arms
in the year 1604, as on the house of .Falahall, which was before John, second
Lord Thirlestane, was advanced to the dignity of Viscount of Lauderdale, which
in the year 1616, and in the year 1624, he was honoured with the title of Earl
of Lauderdale. He married Isabel Seaton, second daughter to Alexander Earl of
Dunfermline, and Chancellor of Scotland, by his first wife, Lilias Drummond,
daughter to Patrick Lord Drummond. Their son was John, third Earl of Lauder-
dale, a great favourite of -ling Charles II. long time Secretary to that King, and
his High Commissioner for Scotland. He was, by that king, created Marquis of
March and Duke of Lauderdale, the honours being provided to the heirs-male of
his body ; which failing, the dignity of Earl of Lauderdale, after his death, des-
cended on his brother, Charles Maitland of Hatton, Lord Treasurer Depute. He
married Elizabeth, daughter and heir of Richard Lauder of Hatton, and by her
he had Richard Earl of Lauderdale, who died without issue ; second, John Earl
of Lauderdale ; third, Charles Maitland, who married Lilias, daughter to Sir John
Colquhoun of Luss ; fourth, William Maitland, who married Christian, daughter
and heir of Robert Viscount of Oxenford; fifth, Alexander Maitland. Isabel, the
eldest daughter, was married to John Lord Elphinstone, and Mary, the youngest,
to Charles Earl of Southesk. This Earl John died 1710, and the estate and honour is
now in the person of his son Charles, the present Earl of Lauderdale. The achieve-
ment of the family is, or, a lion rampant gules, couped at all joints of the first
within a double tressure, flowered and counter-flowered with flower-de-hices of the
second ; supporters, two eagles, proper ; and, for crest, that of Scotland, allowed
by King Charles II. to John Duke of Lauderdsle, with a little difference, viz. a
lion scitint full faced, gules, crowned with an open crown or, holding in his dexter
paw a sword, proper, hiked and pommelled or, and, in the sinister, a flower-de-
luce iTz;,rt\ in place of the sceptre: motto, Consilio fc? animis : As in the Plate of
Achievements.

The eldest cadet of this family now extant is MAITLAND of Pittrichie, descend-
ed of Robert Maitland, a younger son of Robert Maitland of Thirlestane, in the
reign of Robert III. who married the heiress of Schives, alias Gight, in I'icecom.
de Aberdeen, where the family continued for many years, and were designed Mait-
kinds of Gight ; but since, having purchased the barony of Pitrichie, have now
their designation from it.

Sir RICHARD MAITLAND of Pittrichie, Baronet, sometime one of the Senators of
the College of Justice, caused matriculate his arms in the Lyon Register thus; or,
.1 lion rampant gules, couped at all joints of the field, within a bordure cheque argent
and azure ; crest, a lion's head erased gules: motto, Paix ef pen.

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS.

JOHN MAITLAND of Eccles, descended of a second son of John Maitland of Le-
rhington, or, a lion rampant gules, couped in all joints of the first within a bor-
dure azure ; crest, a demi-lion rampant gules, couped, as the former, issuing out
of the water, proper: motto, Luctor et emerg am. These two blazons are so ma-
triculated in the New Register. And there,

ROBERT MAITLAND, Lieutenant of the Garrison in the Bass, or, a lion rampant
guks, couped in all joints of the first, within a bordure waved azure; crest, a rock
placed in the sea, proper.

JAMES MAITLAND, Major to the Scots Regiment of Foot Guards, under the com-
mand of Lieut.-General James Douglas, carries as above, but charges the bordure with
eight grenadoes of the first, with the same crest; and tor motto, Attamen tranquil -
lus. Lyon Register.

The name of SCRYMGEOUR, gules, a lion rampant, or, armed and langued azure,
holding, in his dexter paw, a crooked sword or scimitar, argent.

The first of this name, as our historians say, was one Sir Alexander Carron, son
of Alexander Carron, who carried the banner of Scotland before King Alexander L
in his expedition against the rebels in Merns and Murray ; where, by Sir Alexan-
der's conduct and eminent valour, the king obtained a notable victory over the
rebels, for which his name was changed from Carron to Scrymgeour? which signifies
a hardy fighter, and he got a coat of arms suitable thereto, which he transmitted to
his posterity, who were long standard-bearers to our kings, and constables of Dun-
dee.

Sir JAMES SCRYMGEOUR, Constable of Dundee, was killed at the battle of Harlaw,
and the family was long afterwards dignified with the titles of Viscount of DUD-
BOP, and Lord SCRYMGEOUR, the i5th of November 1641. This family is now ex-
tinct. Their arms were supported by two greyhounds, collared g ides ; and, for
crest, a lion's paw holding a scimitar, with the word Dissipate.

JOHN SCRYMGEOUR of Kirkton carried as above, within a bordure gules ; crest, a
lion's paw erased, holding a cutlass or scimitar, proper.: motto, Dissipate. New
Register. And there,

JOHN SCRYMGEOUR, Bailie of Dundee, descended of a fourth son of Kirkton, car-
ries the same as Kirkton, with a martlet for difference.

Mr DAVID SCRYMGEOU^ of T$o\\\i\\\, gules, two swords, points downwards, crossing-
other saltier-ways argent, hiked and pommelled or, a sinister hand couped in base,
pointing downwards, proper ; crest, a lion's paw grasping a sword fesse-ways, pro-
per : motto, Dissipate. New Register. And there

Mr DAVID SCRYMGEOUR of Cartmore, carries the same with Scrymgeour of Bow-
hill, within a bordure or.

MORTIMER, or, a lion rampant gules, gutte of the first. Some are of opinion
that this name came from England to Scotland in the reign of King Edgar ; but
it seems they did not carry the arms of Mortimer in England. Alanus de Mortuo
Marl, i. e. Mortimer Dominus de Aberdour, got these lands by marrying the daugh-
ter and heir of John de Vetere-Ponte (i. e. Vipont} in the year 1126. In the char-
ters of King Alexander II. severals of this name are to be found witnesses, as Hugo
de Mortuo-Mari, and Rogerus de Mortuo-Mari. I have seen a principal charter
(penes Rait of Halgreen) granted by John Campbell Earl of Athol, to Sir Roger de
Mortuo-Mari, of the lands of Billandre and others, which is confirmed by David
II. There were several families of this name which ended in heires'ies, married
to the Lord Gray and Mortimer of Craigievar ; these heiresses carried argent, a
lion rampant sable, gutte or. But Mortimer of Auchenbody, pally of six pieces,
argent and azure, a lion rampant sable, gutte cCor ; crest, a bull's head cabossed
sable : motto, Acquirit qui tiietur. New Register.

The name of MOWAT was anciently, in charters written de Monte alto. I have
^een a perambulation of the lands of Cleish in Fife, (penes Lindsay of Dowhill)
per Michaelem de Monte alto, fc? Philippum de Melgedrum, tune Justiciaries Scotia;,
anno 1252. There were several families of this name, as Mowat of Balquholly,
who carried argent, a lion rampant sable, langued and armed gules. Font's Ma-
nuscript.

Sir ALEXANDER MOWAT of Ingliston, Baronet, descended of Balquhollie, argent,

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. 289

a. lion rampant sable, armed gules, within a bordure of the second ; crest, an oak
tree, growing out of a rock, proper: motto, Monte alto. New Register.

I find others of the name of Mowat carry argent on a fesse azure, three stars
of the first.

AUCHTERLONY of Kelly, quarterly, first and fourth azure, a lion rampant argent,
for Auchterlony ; second and third or, a fesse cheque, azure and argent, within a
bordure gules, charged with eight buckles of the first, for Stewart of Rosyth.
Font's and Workman's Manuscripts.

But on the house of Falahall the arms of Auchterlony of Kelly are illuminat-
ed, anno 1604, azure, a lion rampant within a bordure argent, charged with ten
buckles gules.

CLEPHAN of Carslogie, argent, a lion rampant gules, and on his head a helmet
azure; crest, a dexter hand holding a helmet, proper: motto, Ut sim paratior.
Ne\tf Register.

As for the antiquity of this family, there is a charter of confirmation by Dun-
can Earl of Fife, of the lands of Carslogie, to John Clephan, which bears him to
possess them, adco iibere sicut David de Clephan Pater ejus y prcede c e ssore s eas te-
nuerunt* By the witnesses of this charter, which wants a date, it appears to have
been granted in the reign of Robert I.

FAIRLY of Braid, or, a lion rampant gules, between his fore-paws a star of the
last, bruised with a bandlet azure ; crest, an unicorn's head couped, argent ; sup-
porters, two ratches, proper : motto, / am ready. New Register.

It is said the first of this family was a natural son of King Robert II. Here
they have the tincture and figure of the Royal Arms, (without the tressure) and
bruised with a bendlet, a mark sometimes of illegitimation.

WILLIAM FAIRLY of Bruntsfield, or, a lion rampant, and, in chief, three stars
gules; crest, a lion's head couped or : motto, Paratus sum. Ibid.

FERGUSON of Craigdarroch, argent, a lion rampant azure on a chief gules, a star
between a cross croslet fitched, and a rose of the field; crest, a dexter hand grasp-
ing a broken spear bend-ways, proper : motto, Vi fc? arte. Lyon Register, and
in Plate of Achievements, as by Alexander Fergusson of Craigdarroch, Esq. repre-
senter of the family.

H.ANGJNGSIDE or HANDYSIHE, argent, a lion rampant, within a bordure ingrailed
sable. Font's Manuscript.

Captain JAMES HANDYSIDE, of Scots extract, now in London, Gentleman, argent,
a lion rampant sable, armed and langued gules, on a chief azure, three mullets of
the first ; crest, a dexter hand expanded, proper : motto, Munifae 13 fortiter.
New Register.

Colonel WILLIAM URIE, Major to King Charles II.'s Regiment of Guards, ar-
gent, a lion rampant gules, crowned and chained or; crest, a lion's paw erased gules:
motto, Sans tache. Lyon Register.

The first of this surname, says Sir George Mackenzie in his Manuscript of Ge-
nealogies, came from England to Scotland in the reign of the Baliol, and was de-
scended of the family of the Lord Ivers in England, with us, corruptly pro-
nounced Urie, who were Barons of Pitfichy. I have seen a Genealogical Tree
of this family, under the hand and seal of Sir Charles Erskine, Lyon King at arms,
and other two heralds, where John Urie of Pitfichy married Katharine, daugh-
ter of the Lord Forbes, and is there first mentioned ; and the seventh, in a lineal
descent from him, was the above Colonel William Urie. So much then for the
bearings of a lion rampant. 1 proceed to other attributes given to the Lion in
blazon.

OF A LION, MORNE, EVIR.E, COUE, AND WITH A DOUBLE TAIL AND WINGS.

THE Lion, as I said before, when his teeth, tongue, and claws are of a different
tincture from his body, is said to be armed and langued of such a tincture ; but,
when he is represented without them, he is said to be morne ; and that, even
though he have tongue and teeth and wants claws. For which Menestrier gives
us a story of the arms of the family SFORZA in Italy, azure, a lion rampant or, in.

290

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS.

his left paw a quince-apple, stalked and leaved of the last. When the Emperor
Robert of Bavaria entered Italy to dispossess Galeazzo of Milan, the great Sforz amet
with his Florentine troops ; the Emperor perceiving Sforxa's arms on his stan-
dard, told him jestingly, that his lion's paw would spoil the quince ; for which,
says Menestrier, the lion of his family was represented afterwards without claws,
and blazoned morne.

The lion is said to be evire, by the French, when the marks of the masculine
sex are not seen.

A lion coue, is when he cowardly claps his tail between his legs, contrary to the
natural fierceness of the lion, Plate XI. fig. 2. 1 have seen lions so painted in many
coats of arms, in our old books of blazon, which are now otherwise presented, by
making the tail turn up upon the lion's back.

The lion, in armories, is sometimes represented with two tails as the emblem of
magnanimity and strenuausness, say the- English, which they call a double queue or
forked tail ; the French say, a la queue fourchee or double queue; and, because the
two tails are ordinarily placed saltier-ways on the back of the lion, they say queue
fourchee pose e en sautoir, and the Latins, duplex cauda in decussim trajecta. Fig. 3.

The Lion of the kingdom of Bohemia is represented with two tails, which was
occasioned (as Menestrier says) by a jest of the Emperor Frederick, who was de-
sirous to perpetuate the valour of Ladislaus II. King of Bohemia, by giving him new
arms, viz. gules, a lion rampant argent, as more suitable to his valour than his old
armorial figure, an eagle cheque, or and sable, which is now the bearing of the
country of Murcia ; but the lion was represented coue, that is, with his tail be-
tween his legs, which, being displayed before the soldiers, they refused to follow,
calling it an ape ; the Emperor told them he should cause help that, and ordered
the lion to be painted with two tails, and with a crown on his head ; thus blazon-
ed by Favin, de gueules a un lion d 'argent a la queue fourchee, et croisse, et couron-
ne d'or.

SIMON MONTFORT Earl of LEICESTER, who married Eleanor, second daughter to
King John of England, carried gules, a lion rampant queue fourchee argent, as on a
stone in the Abbey of Westminster, says Sandford in his History. And an Eng-
lish book of late, entitled the Art of Heraldry, gives sometimes examples of a
lion with two tails, borne by Englishmen, as Sir CHRISTOPHER WANDESF'ORD of Kirk-
lington, in Yorkshire, Baronet, or, a lion rampant double queue azure.

The name of KINGSTON, sable, a lion rampant double queue or.

The name of BROOMHALL, azure ; a lion rampant double queue or. I have met
with no such bearing with us.

I shall here add one instance of a lion with wings, as that in the arms of the re-
public of Venice, azure, a lion winged or, seiant, holding between his fore paws a
book open, argent; on which are these words, pax tibi Marce Evangelista meus ; it
is called St Mark's lion, the emblem of the Evangelist St Mark, the patron saint
of Venice.

A LION SALIENT.

THE posture of a lion salient is almost the same with rampant ; but when
salient, he is less erect, as his position were bend-ways. In this position he is said
to prosecute his prey leaping. The French, German, and Latin heralds, make no
difference between salient and rampant, but blazon it lion, or lion rampant. And
in our old herald books I find sometimes one coat blazoned with a lion rampant,
and at other times .it is called a lion salient, as that of Buchanan of that Ilk, or,
a lion salient sable, degutted of the first, within a double tressure flowered and
counter-flowered of the second ; but in our New Register, or, a lion rampant sable,
armed and langued gules, within a double tressure, counter-flowered of the second ;
crest, a hand holding up a ducal cap, tufted on the top with a rose gules, within a
laurel branch, disposed orle-ways, proper : supported by two falcons, proper; armed
urgent, chessed and belled gules : motto, Clarior bine bonos.

BUCHANAN of Lenny, now representer of Buchanan of that Ilk, carried the arms
of Buchanan, quartered with the arms of Lenny, sable, on a cheveron between

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. 291

three bears' heads erased, two in chief, and one in base argent, muzzled gules, a
cinquefoil of the first. New Register.

ARTHUR BUCHANAN of Sound, the arms of Buchanan, with a crescent for dif-
ference ; crest, a lion's paw erect, and erased, proper : motto, Nobi/is est ira leonis.
Ibid.

WILLIAM BUCHANAN of Drummakill, whose predecessor was a second son of
Buchanan of that Ilk, or, a lion rampant sable, holding in his dexter paw a man's
heart, proper ; all within a double treasure counter-flowered of the second ; crest,
a dexter hand holding a sword : motto, God with my right. Ibid.

ARCHIBALD BUCHANAN of Drumhead, descended of Drummakill, or, a lion ram-
pant sable, holding in his dexter paw an arrow, and in his sinister a bow, all pro-
per, within a double tressure counter-flowered of the second ; crest, a sinister hand
holding a bent bow or : Par sitfortuna labori. Ibid.

Mr PATRICK. BUCHANAN, a son of Milton, descended of Buchanan of that Ilk,
the arms of Buchanan, within a bordure gules, charged with eight crescents ar-
gent ; crest, a rose slipped gules : motto, Ducitur hinc bonos. Ibid. And there,

JOHN BUCHANAN, Chirurgeon and Bailie of Stirling, descended of Buchanan of
that Ilk, parted per bend, or and sable, a lion rampant within a double tressure,
all counter-changed of the same ; crest, a hand pointing a lance in bend, proper :
motto, Sec undo euro.

Sir RICHARD NEWTON of that Ilk, vert, a lion rampant or, on a chief of the last,
three roses gules; crest, a demi-lion or, holding in his dexter paw a scimitar,
proper; with the motto, Pro'patria. Lyon Register, and in Plate of Achieve-
ments.

The lion rampant is sometimes accompanied with figures, and surmounted of
them, such as the fesse, bend, and other ordinaries ; as also the lion is frequently
curried issuing out of, or surmounting them, of* which I have given several ex-
amples : But, before I proceed to other postures of the lion in armories, I shall
again instance the arms- of ROBERT Duke of ALBANY, Governor of Scotland in the
minority of King James I. who was third lawful son of King Robert II. While
he was Earl of Fife and Monteith, he carried only or, a fesse cheque, azure and
argent, surmounted of a lion rampant gules, armed and langued azure, being the
Lion of Scotland, as by our old illuminated books of arms, and by his seals append-
ed to his charters, as that one granted by him, Johanni de Weemys, de Terris de
Curbrock, infra Comitatum de Fife : And afterwards, when he came *to be dignified
with the title of Duke of Albany and Regent of Scotland, he altered his bearing,
and carried, quarterly, first and fourth or, a lion rampant gules, armed and langued
azure, and in chief a label of three points of the last, for the title of Albany ;
second and third or, a fesse cheque, azure and argent, with a label of three points
in chief of the second, for Stewart.

It is probable, that the Duke, upon that change, did assign that coat of arms,
which he formerly carried while he was only Earl of Fife and Monteith, to Sir
JOHN STEWART of Arclgowan and Achingowan, his nephew, or that Sir John or his
successors assumed the same, which have been for a long time carried by the fa-
mily, and still by the present Sir ARCHIBALD STEWART of Blackball, Baronet,
lineally descended of the above Sir John of Ardgowan, the first of the family, who
was a natural son of King Robert III. which appears from three distinct charters
in Sir Archibald's hands, granted by King Robert III. The first is of the lands of
Achingowan, in Renfrew, the first year of his reign : The second is of the lands
of Blackball, the 6th year of his reign : And the third charter, of the lands of
Ardgowan, in the i4th year of his reign : In all which the king designs him
Johanni Sensscallo filio nostro naturali. Though there be a charter, as I am in-
formed, in the hands of the said Sir Archibald, granted by King James I. anno
1429, clarissimo fratri suo Johanni Senescallo Domino de Aclingowan, without any
appellation that would infer illegitimation. All these three baronies, which were
given from the crown to Sir John, are still in the possession of the present Sir
Archibald Stewart of Blackball, Baronet, his lineal successor, who carries as above,
viz. or, a fesse cheque, azure and argent, surmounted of a. "lion rampant gules, arm-
ed and langued of the second ; crest, a lion's head erased gules ; with the motto,

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS.

Spero melwra, and sometimes Integritate stabit ingenuus ; and so matriculated in.
the Lyon Register and Plate of Achievements.

Mr WALTER STEWART, Advocate, his Majesty's Solicitor, a younger son (where
before, by mistake, I called him his brother) of Sir Archibald Stewart of Blackball,
Baronet, carries the same with his father, within a bordure ermine, for his dif-
ference ; (upon account that his mother, Anne, eldest daughter and co-heiress of^
Sir John Crawfurd of Kilbirnie, carried gules, a fesse ermine} ; and for crest, a
lion's head erased gules ; with the motto, Ladere noli : As in the Plate of Achieve-
ments.

When the lion, as I have said, is bend-ways, it was anciently with us blazoned
fdlient, and not rampant, as in the following coats of arms, in our old books, by
the name of LEIGHTON, argent, a lion salient gules. ,

There was an eminent prelate of this name, HENRY LEIGHTON, Bishop of Aber-
deen, who was one of the Commissioners sent to London to negotiate the ransom
of King James I. As also a family of this name, in the shire of Forfar, in Sir
James Balfour's Book of Blazons, carried argent, a lion salient gules, armed or :
But in our new books, Leighton of Ullishaven has the same bearing, but the lion
is said to be rampant ; crest, a lion's head ; and for motto, Light on. Lyon Re-
gister.

The name of HASTIE, or, a lion salient vert, crowned azure . Font's Manuscript.

ROSSIE of that Ilk, parted per bend, gules and argent, a lion salient counter-
changed of the same.

Rossie in Fife belonged to Dominus Henricus Rossie de eodem, in the reign of .
King David I. and Malcom IV. In the last's reign, Sir Alexander Rossie is for-
feited, and his lands given to the Earl of Fife, now possessed by the name of
Cheap : As in Sir Robert Sibbald's History of Fife.

The English blazon a lion bend-ways salient. Two or three examples I shall
take from the book entitled the Art of Heraldry.

The name of STURMY, in England, sable, a lion salient argent.

The name of SALISBURY, gules, a lion salient argent.

The name of FELBRIDGE, argent, a lion salient gules.

THE LION PASSANT

Is represented in arms, going, having his right fore-foot a little lifted up.

The Latins, for passant, say prodiens, gradiens, and incedens. The French call
a lion in this posture, lion leoparde, because all leopards are carried passant, for
which says Silvester Petra Sancta, a fecialibus appellatur leopardus, and the word
lion is added, because the head is in profile, showing but one eye, and one ear, as-
all lions do.

The surname of TOUCH, argent, a lion passant vert, armed gules. Ogilvie's Ma-
nuscript, but Pont makes this lion salient.

KER Earl of ANCRUM carries a lion passant, as before.

The surname of SLOWMAN, gules, a sword pale-ways argent, between two boars'
heads co-aped or, and, on a chief of the second, a lion passant of the first between
two mascles vert. Pont's Manuscript.

NEWTON of Dalcoif, parted per fesse, azure and gules, on the first two stars, and
on the second a lion passant argent ; as Workman : But Balfour says, gules, a lion
passant argent, and in chief three stars of the last.

STEWART of Allanton, or, a fesse cheque, azure and argent, and in chief a lion
passant gules.. Pont's Manuscript.

STEWART of Listen, the same ; as in Mr Thomas Crawfurd's Manuscript.

The surname of GLEG, both in Scotland and England, sable, two lions contre-
passant argent, collared gules. Sir George Mackenzie's Heraldry, fig. 5. and in the
New Register.

THOMAS GLEG, Doctor of Medicine, carries the same ; and for crest, a falcon
holding a partridge between her feet, proper : motto, £>ui potest capere capiat.
New Register.

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS.

The name of RONALD, argent, a lion passant gules, tied to an oak tree, proper,
mid on a chief azure three crescents of the first. Font's Manuscript.

In our New Register, ROBERT RONALD, Provost of Montro-,e, argent, a lion
passant gardant gules, tied to an oak tree, proper; and on a chief azure, a ro^e
slipped, between two crescents of the first ; crest, an oak tree, leaved and fruc-
tuated, proper : motto, Sic viresctt virtus, Lyon Register.

The name of FINLAYSON, argent, a lion passant gules, on a chief azure, a boar's
head couped or, between two spur-rowels of the first. Font's Manuscript.

In England, Sir ANDREW HACK.ET of Moxhill in Warwickshire, descended of
the Halkets in Scotland, their arms being almost the same, sable, three piles ar-
gent, on a chief of the last, a lion passant g ides. Art. Her. And there,

JOHN LOGAN of Idbury, in Oxfordshire, Esq. or, a lion passant sable, and in chief
three piles of the same, descended of the Logans in Scotland.

NORTH Lord NORTH, in EngLind, azure, a lion passant or, between three flower-
de-luces argent ; supporters, two dragons, gorged with open crowns, and chains
thereto affixed or ; crest, a dragon's head. The first of this ancient family that
was dignified, was Edward North, one of the Clerks of the Parliament, knighted
by Henry VIII. and made Lord North by Cuieen Mary of England, February 17.

*553-

NORTH Lord GUILFORD ^was dignified with that title, by letters patent, dated

ayth September 1683. He was Keeper of the Great Seal, and Chancellor of
England, and carried the arms of the Lord North, with a crescent for his dif-
ference, which Imhoff blazons thus, " Scutum quo Northorum familia uti solet
" coeruleum est, leonem gradientem continens, quern lilia tria argentea ambiunt."

LION GARDANT AND REGARDANT. .

THESE attributes are given to the lion, upon the account of the position of his
head. If the lion be erect, and his head showing but one eye, and one ear, he is
then called with us, and the English, a lion rampant; and by the French, only a
lion, as I told before. If he be erected, showing a full face, with his two eyes and
ears, he is called in Britain a lion rampant gardant ; by the French, leopard lionne;
leopard, for his full face, and lionne, for his body, being the posture of a lion
which is erected. Lion regardant, when his head is turned back, looking over his
shoulder, and showing but one eye and ear ; such a lion with us, whether passant
or rampant, is called a lion regardant; and with the English, who say, " Though
u it denoteth a timorous mind, yet it betokens a diligent circumspection," as
Guillim and Morgan: But Sylvester Petra Sancta, to the contrary, giving an 'ex-
ample of a lion regardant, in his Treatise, page 305, says, " Leonis praecipua in
" oculis est, &• tarn adspicere, quam respicere, absque suspicione ignaviae potest ;
" sic aureus leo in muricata parmula versus dextram se proripiens, atque in laevam
" respectans, est nobilis tessera comitum Ambanorum in Gallia." Fig. 7.

Sir George Mackenzie blazons the arms of GUTHRIE of Hackerton, or, a lion
rampant, regardant gules, quartered with azure, three garbs or.

Sir HENRY GUTHRIE of Kings-Edward, Knight and Baronet, quarterly, first and
fourth or, a lion rampant regardant gules, holding in the dexter paw a cross cros-
let fitched azure, for Guthrie; second and third azure, three garbs or, for Cumin ;
crest, a lion's paw issuing out of the torce, grasping a branch of a palm-tree, all
proper ; supported by two naked women, wreathed about the head and loins with
bay leaves, proper ; motto, Sto pro veritate. New Register. And there,

THOMAS GUTHRIE, sometime Provost of Forfar, descended of the family of
Halkerton, the quartered arms of Halkerton, as before, wirhin a bordure indented
argent; crest, a cross croslet fitched azure: motto, Ex unitate incrementum..

JAMES GUTHRIE of Carsbank, quarterly, first and fourth argent, a cross sable;
second and third azure, three garbs or, all within a bordure ingrailed^wfer: motto,
Pietas y frugal it as. Ibid.

The name of HUME, in England, or, a lion rampant regardant vert. Art. Her.
And there,

4.E

294 OF' FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS,

The surname of ROBERTS, or, a lion rampant regardant gules.

And there the name of MORRIS, gules, a lion rampant, regardant QJ ,

LION FASSANT GARDANT, OR L£OPAR]>.

THESE terms in blazon are all one, the first used by the English, and the other
by the French : When a lion is represented passing isi armories, showing a full
face, with two eyes and two ears, he is then called by the English a lion passant
gardant, and by the French a leopard, because all leopards and panthers are so
represented : Those who write on the nature of beasts, say, that the leopard is got
when the lion covereth the pard ; but when the parcl covereth the lioness, then
their whelp fs called a panther. The English, for the honour of their armorial
figures, call them lions passant gardant, which, in that posture, they say, denotes
consideration, and tell us, that their lions are distinguished from leopards and pan-
thers by their shaggy locks, which cover their necks and shoulders : Though this
may hold in other paintings, yet not in armories ; for all leopards and panthers are
represented with such shaggy locks passant and full-faced, as the learned Italian
Sylvester Petra Sancta, 'in his Tesserae Gentilitiae, cap. 54. after he has treated of
the postures of lions, proceeds to the leopard, and says, " Ducit agmen pardus,
" genere leoni proximus ; nasci enim ex leone &• panthera perhibetur : Ideoque
" in coHo &• armis est jubatus quasi leo ; in humero deinde quasi panthera est
" maculosus ; peculiariter tamen quod spectat ad ejus delineationem in pictura rei
" tesserariae; solet pardus figurari gradiens atque incedens, semperque est adversa
" fronte, ita ut oculo utroque, seu pleno intuitu feratur, caudam praeterea in dor-
" sum reciprqcat, seu reflectit : Cum leo interim erectus, unoque intuens oculo
" pingatur, ac vibrat caudam versus cervices." The first instance of the bearing
of a leopard, among many that this author gives, is that of the Dutchy of Aqui-
taine, viz. gules, a leopard or; and a little after that, of the Dutchy of Normandy,
gules, two leopards or, carried by William Duke of Normandy, Conqueror or
England, which he set up for the ensign of that kingdom, and were continued
by his sons and successors, till the reign of Henry II. who married Eleanor, heiress
of Aquitaine, her arms being of the same field, metal, figure and form, with those
of Normandy, joined them together in one shield, which now make the present
ensign of England ; and that these were taken for leopards, and so blazoned, I
have fully evinced in my Essay on the Ancient and Modern Use of Armories, to
which I recommend the curious.

Many great and honourable families in England carry leopards (which the
English heralds call lions passant gardanf), by way of imitation, or concession of.,
and from the Sovereign ; for which see Jacob ImhofF's Historia Genealogica Regum
Pariumque Magnce Britannia, who blazons them leopardos Anglicanos. There
are several families with us, who carry such figures, by our modern heralds blazon-
ed after the English, lions passant gardant.

The old Earls of ANGUS carried argent, a lion rampant gules ; and especially
GILCHRIST Earl of ANGUS, that eminent soldier, in the reigns of Malcolm and
William, whose brother Bredus got from the last of these Kings, the lands of
Ogilvie in Angus, which lands gave to him and his descendants the surname of
OGILVIE, who carried the same tinctures with his brother the Earl of Angus, but
put the lion in the posture of a leopard, now blazoned argent, a lion passant gar-
dant, and crowned or, for some special services done to their King.

OGILVIE of that Ilk in Angus was the principal family of the name. These of
this family are to be found witnesses in tbe charters of the Alexanders IL and III.
and were very eminent in the reign of Robert the Bruce ; that King gave to
Patrick Ogilvie of that Ilk the lands of Caithness, which belonged ta Malcom de
Caithness. (Earl of Haddington's Collections.)

The same Patrick Ogilvie of that Ilk and John Ogilvie are witnesses in that
King's charter to the town of Dundee 1325.

Sir Walter Ogilvie of that Ilk, Sheriff of Angus, was killed by Duncan Stewart,
natural son to Alexander Earl of Buchan, in the reigr> of Robert II L.

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. 295

David Ogilvie de eodem dispones the barony of Ogilvie to his grand-child, Alex-
ander Ogilvie, as by his charter, dated at Dundee the i6th of October 1495 :
Amongst the witnesses are Alexander Ogilvie and James Ogilvie, brother* to the
same David, which charter is confirmed by King James IV. in the <'ightb year of
his reign. (Haddington's Collections, p. 359.) Which family afterwards tailed ;
and the next of the name \v;^ f

OG-ILVIE of Auchterhouse, the first of which was Alexander, second son to Sir
Walter Ogilvie, Sheriff of Angus, that was killed by Duncan Stewart. lie married
the daughter and heiress of Sir William Ramsay of Auchterhouse, for which this
family was in use to carry, quarterly, first and fourth argent, a lion passant gardar.t
gules, crowned or, for Ogilvie, second and third argent, an eagle displayed sable,
beaked and membred gules, for Ramsay. This family ended in an heires-s, Mar-
garet Ogilvie, sole daughter of Sir Patrick Ogilvie of Auchterhouse, who w;is mar-
ried to James Stewart Earl of Buchan, uterine brother to King James II. who
with her got the barony of Auchterhouse.

The next branch of the family of the name standing, is OGILVIE Earl of Airly,
the first of which was Sir Walter Ogilvie of Lintrathan, a second son of Ogilvie of
Auchterhouse. He mortifies 20 merks yearly to the chaplains in Auehterhouse,
to say prayers for his father Walter Ogilvie, and for the souls of his ancestors,
1426 ; which mortification is confirmed by King James I. He gave likewise a
charter of the lands of Innerquharity, in the shire of Forfar, to his brother John
Ogilvie, in the year 1420, confirmed by William Earl of Douglas the same year,
as superior. This Sir Walter, in the year 1424, is designed Dominus de Lintra-
than, miles, Thesaurarius noster, in a charter of King James I. Haddington's Col-
lections. He married Elizabeth Glen, heiress of Inchmartin, and with her had
three sons and two daughters ; Sir John the eldest succeeded ; second, Alexander
was laird of Inchmartin in the Carse of Gowry, his mother's inheritance; third,
Sir Walter, the first of Deskford and Findlater, in an agreement which I have
seen between Alexander Lord Gordon, and William Keith Marischal, dated at
Cluny the ist of August 1442 : Among the witnesses are Walter Ogilvie of Beau-
fort, Sir Alexander Ogilvie of Auchterhouse, Sir Alexander Ogilvie of Inchmartin,
Alexander Ogilvie of Innerquharity, and Sir William Ogilvie of Deskford, after-
wards designed of Findlater.

Sir JOHN OGILVIE, designed Dominus de Lintratban, in his two resignations made
by him of that barony, and the barony of Airly, first in the hands of King James
II. 1438 ; and afterwards in the hands of King James III. 1482. Who, from these
two Kings, got new charters, erecting all his lands in a free barony, to be called
the barony of Lintrathan. (Haddington's Collections, p. 48.) He had with his
hdy Marion Seaton, daughter to William Lord Seaton, three sons and as many
daughters : James, the eldest, who succeeded ; David Ogilvie of Newton ; third,
Thomas, Chanter of Dunkeld, and afterwards Abbot of Cupar.

Sir James succeeded his father ; he took the designation of Airly in his father's
lifetime, as in an assignation of an apprising of the barony of Kinniel, 1480.
(Haddington's Collections, p. 579.) He was ambassador for King James III. to
Denmark, and was by King James IV. 1491, made a Lord of Parliament by the
title of Lord Ogilvie of Airly.

Of whom was descended JAMES Lord OGILVIE of Airly, who married Isabel
Hamilton, second daughter to Thomas Earl of Haddington. He was created Earl
of Airly by King Charles I. 1639. °f whom the present Earl of Airly, whose
achievement is argent, a lion passant gardant gvles, crowned with an imperial
crown, and collared with an open one ; supporters, two bulls sable, unguled and
horned ve rt, with a garland of flowers about their necks ; and for crest, a gentle-
woman, from the waist upwards, holding a port-cullice : motto, A fin.

Sir WALTER OGILVIE, a third son of Lintrathan, married the heiress of Sinclair
of Deskford in the reign of King James I. and with her had two sons, Sir James
Ogilvie of Deskford, and Sir Walter Ogilvie of Boyne. Sir James succeeded his
father, he was knighted by King James III. and married a daughter of Sir Robert
Innes of that Ilk, from whom was lineally descended Sir Walter Ogilvie of Desk-
ford, who was advanced to the dignity of Lord Deskford, the 4th of October 1616,
by King James VI. ; and his son James Lord Deskford was created Earl of Find-

•296 OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS.

later, the 2oth of February 1638, by King Charles I. This Earl, having no n\M.
issue of his body, he procured from King Charles I. on behalf of his daughter
Mary and her descendants, certain letters patent, whereby the title and dignity of
F.arl of Findlater was conferred upon her, and Patrick Ogilvie of Inchmartin, her
husband. They had James, their son and heir, who married Anne, only daughter
of Hugh Earl of Eglinton, by Anne his wife, daughter of James Marquis of
Hamilton, by whom he had James the present Earl of Findlater, and his brother
Colonel Patrick Ogilvie of Lonmay ; for which see Mr Crawfurd's Peerage.

The arms of this family of Deskford, before it was dignified, are illuminated on
the house of Falahall, 1604, quarterly, first and fourth argent, a lion passant gar-
dant gules, and a crescent in base of the same, for Ogilvie ; second and third argent v
a cross ingrailed sable, for Sinclair of Deskford ; and afterwards, when dignified
with the title of Lord Deskford, they carried over their quartered arms, by way
of surtout, an escutcheon gules, with the sun in its splendour, proper, which of
late has been 'disused, and have carried only, quarterly, Ogilvie, (with the lion
crowned) and Sinclair, supported by two lions gardant gules ; and for crest, ano-
ther lion of the same, holding a plum-rule : with the motto, lout jour. As in
Plate of Achievements.

OGILVIE Lord BANFF, argent, a lion passant gardant, gules, crowned or ; for
Ogilvie, second and third argent, three papingoes vert, beaked and memb red gules,
for Hume of Fastcastle ; supported on the dexter by a man in armour, with a tar-
get, all proper ; and on the sinister, by a lion rampant, gules ; crest, a lion's head
erased gules : motto, Fideliter.

The first of this family was Walter Ogilvie of Dunlugas, a son of Sir Walter
Ogilvie of Boyne, by Margaret his wife, one of the daughters and co-heirs of Sir
James Edmonstone of that Ilk. He married Alison, one of the heiresses of Patrick
Hume of Fastcastle, in the reign of King James IV. ; and by her had Sir Walter
his son and successor. This Walter Ogilvie, designed of Banff, in a charter grant-
ed to him by George Earl of Huntly, of the lands of Auchannachie in the forrestry
of Boyne, of the date 1491, in which the Earl calls him, Armiger noster, which
charter is confirmed by King James IV. 1495. (Haddington's Collections.)
Walter had by his wife Alison, George Ogilvie of Dunlugas, who married Bea-
trix, daughter of George Lord Seaton. Their son and successor was another Wal-
ter, father of Sir Walter Ogilvie of Dunlugas, father of Sir George ; who, for his
loyalty to King Charles I. was, by letters patent, bearing date 3ist of August
1642, created Lord Banff, who, by a daughter of the Lord Duffus, had George his
son and successor, who took to wife Agnes, a daughter of Alexander Lord Halker-
ton, and had with her Mr George and Sir Alexander Ogilvie of Forglen.

Which George, second Lord Banff, by his lady, a daughter of William Keith
Earl Marischal, had, for his son and successor, George, the present Lord Banff, who
married Helen, daughter of Sir John Lauder of Fountainhall, one of the Senators
of the College of Justice.

OGILVIE of Innerquharity, the first of which was a younger son of Alexander
Ogilvie of that Ilk, and the heiress of Auchterhouse. These of this family carry
quarterly, first and fourth argent, a lion passant gardant gules, collared with an
open crown, and crowned with a close imperial one, or, for Ogilvie ; second and
Third argent, an eagle displayed sable, beaked and membred gules, for Ramsay of
Auchterhouse ; and in the centre, by way of surtout, the badge of the Order of a
Knight Baronet, as by the present Sir John Ogilvie, Bart..

Mr JOHN OGILVIE of Balbegno, whose father is brother-german to Sir John
Ogilvie of Innerquharity, carries the same with Innerquharity, within a bordure
azure, for his difference ; and for crest, a flower of the sun ; with the motto, £>uo
duxeris adsum. Lyon Register, and Plate of Achievements.

Sir WALTER OGILVIE of Boyne, second son of Sir Walter Ogilvie of Lintrathan,
by his wife the heiress of Deskford, as before, married Margaret Edmonstone,
"econd daughter and co-heir of James Edmonstone of that Ilk. He got with her,
halt of the lands of Tulliallan, which he excambed with his wife's sister and her
husband, Patrick Blackadder, for the thanedom of Boyne, as by the charter of ex-
tambion which I have seen {penes Ogilvie of Boyne) dated at Glasgow the 25th
ot February 1484, and confirmed by King James III. that same year. His son

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. 297

was George, and his son again, Walter Ogilvie, is served heir to his father George
Ogilvie of Boyne, son of the first Sir Walter Ogilvie of Boyne, and is infefr in the
thanedom of Boyne, 1524. Of him was descended Sir Patrick Ogilvie of Boyne,
one of the Senators of the College of Justice. Their arms are, quarterly, first and
fourth Ogilvie, second and third argent, three crescents gules, for Edmonstone ;
over all dividing the quarters, a cross ingrailed sable , for Sinclair of Deskford, as
a younger son of Ogilvie of Deskford, who married the heiress ; crest, a right hand
holding a sword, proper : motto, Pro patria.

OGILVIE of Inchmartin, descended of a younger son of Sir Walter Ogilvie of
Lintrathan, argent, a lion passant g ardant gules, crowned or, on his breast a star
of the first. This family is now incorporate in the house of Findlater, by marry-
ing the heiress. Of which before.

OGILVIE of Craigie, descended of Sir John Ogilvie, second son to James Lord
Ogilvie, and his lady, a daughter of the Lord Forbes, carried the arms of the Lord
Ogilvie, with a crescent for difference.

OGILVIE of Balfour, in Angus, a cadet of James, first Lord Ogilvie, and his se-
cond wife, a daughter of the Earl of Angus, carried Ogilvie, with a suitable bri-
sure ; and Thomas Ogilvie of Logic, descended of a second son of Balfour, carries
the same within a bordure gules, charged with eight crescents argent, for his dif-
ference ; crest, a lion rampant, issuing out of a wreath, holding betwixt his fore
paws a sword in pale, proper : motto, £* armis honos. New Register. And
there,

Sir FRANCIS OGILVIE of New-Grange, descended of Airly, the arms of that fami-
ly within a bordure indented gules ; crest, a demi-lion holding in his dexter paw
u garb, proper : motto, Marte y Industria.

WALTER OGILVIE of Ragel, descended of a second son of Boyne, carries the
arms of Boyne as before, all within a bordure ingrailed azure ; crest, a sword in
bend, proper : motto, Pugno pro patria. Lyon Register.

OGILVIE of Carnousie, the same with Dunlugas, as before, with a crescent for
difference, as a son of Dunlugas. Font's Manuscript.

OGILVIE of Birnies, the quartered arms of Banff, with an escutcheon by way of
surtout, quartered with the arms of Abernethy Lord Salton, which are to be seen
on a tomb on the Collegiate Church of Seaton.

OGILVIE of Glasshaugh, argent, a lion passant gules, crowned or, treading on a
mound or globe, azure, environed with a circle, and ensigned with a cross avellane of
the third. Font's Manuscript.

Sir GEORGE OGILVIE of Barras, Baronet, argent, a lion passant gardant gules,
gorged with an open crown, and crowned with an imperial one, proper, holding
in his dexter paw a sword, proper, defending the thistle (placed in the dexter
chief point) vert, ensigned with a crown or, with the badge of Knight-Baronet,
by way of canton in the sinister chief point ; crest, a demi-man in armour,
holding forth his right hand ; with the motto, Preeclarum regi y regno servitium.

Sir George Ogilvie got the lands of Barras by marrying Elizabeth Douglas,
daughter and heir of William Douglas of Barras, descended of a younger brother of
the Earl of Angus : This Sir George Ogilvie was intrusted by William Earl
Marischal, in keeping his castle of Dunotter, in which were lodged the crown,
sword and sceptre, the regalia of Scotland, which he and his lady carefully pre-
served from the English, who forced him to surrender the castle, but missing the
regalia, they kepf him and his ladyTn a long imprisonment, of which she died:
Upon the Restoration of King Charles II. Sir George Ogilvie delivered the regalia
to the Earl Marischal entire ; for which good service, King Charles honoured
.him. with the title of Knight-Baronet, in the year 1661, and allowed the thistle,
the badge of the kingdom, to be carried in^his arms, and changed the holding of
his lands from ward to blanch, as his charter bears, for the foresaid piece of good
service.

Mr JAMES OGILVIE of Clunie, descended of a third son of Airly, carries the Earl
of Airly's arms, within a bordure ingrailed gules ; crest, a bull issuant sable out of
the wreath, collared with a garland of roses, proper. Lyon Register.

JAMES OGILVIE of Inchewen, descended of Clova, a younger son of the Earl of

2yS OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS.

Airly, as Airly, within a bordure counter-componed, gules and argent ; cresr, a
deer's head couped gules, attired or : motto, Bene paratum dulce. Ibid.

JOHN OOILVIE of Pitmouis, whose grandfather was a third son of Airly, carrier
Airly, within a bordure ingrailed g ule s ; crest, a lion passant gardant of the same,
standing on a garb fesse-ways or: motto, £>U<E moderata firma. Ibid.

THOMAS OGILVIE, Provost of Banff, argent, a lion passant gardant, between two
crescents in chief, and a cinquefoil in base gules ; crest, a dexter hand holding a
branch of palm, proper : motto, Sccundat vera fides. Ibid.

Before I proceed to the multiplication of lions, whether passant or rampant in
one field, I shall add two or three postures of the lion, to be met with in armorial

bearings.

When a lion is represented sleeping, in blazon it is termed dormant, by the
English, as fig. 8. azure, a lion dormant argent ; and when in this posture, he is
said to be couchant gules, and when sitting, is said to be seiant, as that lion for the
crest of Scotland, and the Earl of Lauderdale's.

Sometimes the lion is not only crowned, and gorged with a crown about his
neck, as in the bearings of some of the name of M'Dowall and Ogilvie, of which'
before, but sometimes he has only a common collar about his neck, with a chain
affixed thereto : And, as we say of him, some say of other beasts, argent, a lion
rampant sable , collared with a chain thereto affixed, passing betwixt his fore legs,
and reflexing over his back, by the name of Meredith in England. Art. Her.

Gerard Leigh gives us an example of a lion borne in arms, with two heads,
which, says he, shows the bearer to be a homager or vassal to two princes, or over-
lords, that carry lions. In the Essay of Heraldry, by an Englishman, so often
mentioned, I find the same figure carried by Simon Manson of Great Gransdane in
Huntingdonshire, upon what account I know not. Gerard Leigh gives us another
odd example of three lions' bodies joined in one head in the centre of the shield,
the bodies, by way ofpairle, that is, two bodies in chief, and one in base, which he
says betoken an unity and agreement. Sylvester Petra Sancta takes notice of this
figure, and gives it in his Taille-douce Cuts, page 334, from Guillim's Heraldry,
gules, three lions in pairle, united in the centre, in one head affronte or : Our
author's words are these, " Singularis est parmula gentilitia, tricorporem leonem,
" aureum habens, in alveolo purpurato ; fuit autem haec tessera Edmundi, cogno-
" mento Cruhebachii, et stirpe regia in regno Angliae."

This Edmond, surnamed CRUHEBACK, who is said to have had such a bearing,
was second son of Henry III. of England, who, upon the forfeiture of Simon Mont-
fort Earl of Leicester, got from his father that earldom, and shortly after the earl-
dom of Lancaster. Sandford, in his Genealogical History of England, gives us
two seals of this earl's, appended to two deeds; the first seal, in the year 1273,
which had the foresaid figure, three lions conjoined in one head ; but is fanciful
and singular as it was, it seems he laid it aside : Upon his other seals he carried
the arms of his father, being those of England, with a label azure of three points,
charged with flower-de-luces or : So that I think the first seal was only a device,
(though I cannot learn the import of it) since it did not descend to his posterity,
as his paternal arms did to the House of Lancaster, who pretended right to the
crown of England, as descended from him, who never used such a figure as a de-
vice, or as fixed armorial arms.

When two lions or more are in one field, they are either placed one above
another, or face to face, or back to back ; and sometimes with an ordinary be-
tween them. As for the first of these, I shall give, for instance, the arms of
PAUCE, in England, or, two lions passant gardant gules, in pale; and the arms of
ENGLAND, gules, three lions passant gardant in pale or. When placed face to
face, and rampant, they are said to be combatant ; the French say, affronte : For
instance, the arms of WYCOMBE, in England, or, two lions combatant gules.

These of the name of CARTER there, sable, two lions combatant or. And

These of Sir JACOB GERARD of 'Lang-ford, in Norfolk, Baronet, azure, two lions
ximpant g.'irdant combatant argent.

When lions are placed back to back, the English say endorsed. Gerard Leigh
gives us an example, azure, two lions rampant, endorsed or; which situation of
lions, says he, represents an intended combat between two valiant men, who both

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. 299

meet in the field, but the prince, interposing, orders them to be reconciled, and to
go buck to back out of the field, so .that none of them cedes to other: Hut 1 nei-
ther like the reason, nor the term endorsed, for it is only a proper term to pairs
and bends, when betwixt two of their own diminutives, pallets and endorses. The
French MI\ , n<Mr properly, for lions, or any other figures, which have ante and
post, face and buck, and so placed to one another, as face to face, are said to be
affront c, and adosit, when back to back.

The old Earls of Ross, and their descendants, carry gules, three lions rampant,
2 and i. As for the antiquity of the old Earls of Ross, Sir James Balfour g;
us this note out of the abbacy of Melrose, that Macklnsagart Comes Rosiensis de-
bi'llavit rebellos Gall'.vi.iienses, cum eorem duct- Tboma, Bastardo Gallovidia: fi/io
Jlniii C'imitis, anno 1235: Whose son was Farcjuhar Earl of Ross, in the reign of
King Alexander II. father of William, who, in the Register of Dunfermline, is de-
signed Comes ds Ross, & yusticiarius Scotia', whose son was William Earl of Ross,
that was killed at the battle of Bannockburn, 1314, leaving Hugh, his heir and
successor, in the Earldom of Ross, who was killed in the battle of Hallidonhill,
1333, leaving behind him two sons, William Earl of .Ross, and Hugh Ross of
Ranches, progenitor of the Rosses of Balnagowan ; and two daughters, Euphame
Ross, married to Robert Earl of Strathern, afterwards King, of Scotland, by the
the name of Robert II. She had issue, and was Queen of Scotland ; and Janet,
married first to Monymusk of Monymusk, and after his death, to Sir Robert Mur-
ray of Abercairnie. William Earl of Ross, married Isabel, daughter of Mah'sius
Earl of Orkney and Caithness, and with her had only two daughters. The eldest,
Kuphame, Countess of Ross, was married to Walter Leslie, who in her right was
looked upon as Earl of Ross, and had a son, and a daughter Euphame. Their son,
Alexander, was Earl of Ross, as heir to his mother. The second daughter of Earl
\\ illiam, Johanna Ross, was married to Alexander Fraser of Philorth, one of the
progenitors of the present Lord Salton. I have seen a principal charter of this
Walter Leslie, and his spouse Euphame Countess of Ross, of several lands, some
in the shire of Aberdeen, some in the shire of Ross, and some in the shire of In-
verness, to their beloved brother and sister, Sir Alexander Fraser, and Johanna
Ross, his spouse, in recompensatlonem 13 satisfactionem terrarum suarwn de Ross ;
which charter is dated at Aberdeen, the 4th of June 1375 ; and the seal appended
thereto was of red wax, upon white, having the impression of an eagle displayed,
surmounted with three shields tied together, and holden with a ligament by the
beak of the eagle ; the shield in the middle, lying on the breast of the eagle, was
charged with three lions rampant, 2 and i, within a double tressure, flowered and
C0>unter.-flowered with flower-de-luces: It seems the double tressure has been con-
ferred upon the family of Ross by King Robert II. upon account of his matching
with that family : The shield, which lay on the right wing of the eagle, had the
arms of Leslie, a bend charged with buckles ; and the other shield on the left
wing had three garbs : Some years after this, Walter had his seal of arms other-
marshalled, viz. quarterly, first and fourth Leslie, second and third Ross ;
which shield of arms lay also upon the breast of an eagle displayed, in place of a
supporter. Walter had with his wife, Euphame Countess of Ross, as before ; a
son, Alexander, who was Earl; and a daughter, Euphame, married to Donald
Lord of the Isles ; which Alexander Earl of Ross married Euphame Stewart,
daughter to Robert Duke of Albany, Earl of Fife and Monteith. He had with
her but only one daughter, Euphame Ross, his heir, who, being deformed in body,
and unfit for - marriage, did render herself religious; and, by the influence of her
grandfather the Duke, resigned the earldbm of Ross in favours of his second son,
John Earl of Buchan, her uncle, who thereupon used the title of Earl of Ross.

Notwithstanding of this resignation, DONALD Lord of the ISLES took possession
of the earldom, in right of his wife, Euphame Ross, who was lawful heir; upon
which controversy the battle of Harla\tf fell out : But upon the Restoration of King
James I. their son, Alexander Lord of the Isles, was made Earl of Ross. I havt-
'<_vn the seal of arms of this Alexander Earl of Ross, Lord of the I^les, appended
lo a precept of his, of the date 1437, (which is in the Earl of Home's Charter-
Chcst) on which seal the shield was couche, and the arms, quarterly, first a ship
with s:iils trussed up, as Lord of the Isles; second, three lions rampant, 2 and i,

3oo OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS.

for Ross ; third, three garbs, for Buchan ; fourth, a bend, charged with three
buckles, for Leslie : And round all the quarters was the double tressure, flowered
and counter-flowered ; supporters, two lions ; and on the helmet, for crest, an
eagle displayed. This Earl Alexander was succeeded by his son John, and was
forfeited for treason and rebellion 1476, and the earldom of Ross returned to the
crown, in the reign of King James II. and was by that King and his successors
conferred upon their younger sons, with the titles of Earl of Ross, who were in use
to quarter the arms of Ross, as feudal ones, with their paternal bearings : Of which
feudal arms I have described and treated of in my Essay of the Ancient and
Modern Use of Armories.

Ross of Balnagowan, as now the principal family of the name of Ross, carries
gules, three lions rampant argent, without the addition of the bordure argent,
(used of old) as male representer of the old Earls of Ross ; being lineally descend-
ed of Hugh Ross of Ranches, son of Hugh Earl of Ross, who was killed in the
battle of Hallidonhill : He got from his father the lands of Rariches, as also the
lands of Easterallan, from his brother William Earl of Ross, 1357 ; and these lands
were confirmed by a charter of King David II.

Mr GEORGE Ross of Morinchie, descended of Balnagowan, gules, three lions ram-
pant, accompanied with as many stars argent ; crest, a fox-head couped, proper :
motto, Spes aspera levat. New Register.

WILLIAM Ross of Knockbreck, sometime Bailie of Tain, descended of Balna-
gowan, gules, a bear's head couped argent, muzzled of the first, between three lions
rampant of the second: motto, Time Deum. Lyon Register.

Mr ANDREW Ross of Pilkerie, the arms of Balnagowan, within a bordure coun-
ter-componed, or and gules : motto, Non opes sed ingenium. Lyon Register.

MALCOM Ross of Kindace, descended of Balnagowan, his arms, within a bordure
counter-componed, argent and gules ; crest, a fox passant, proper : motto, Caute non
astute. Ibid.

And there Mr CHARLES Ross, lawful son to William Ross of Kindace, gules,
three roses slipped in fesse, betwixt as many lions rampant, 2 and i argent; crest,
a fox issuing out of the wreath, with a rose in his mouth argent : motto, Rosam ne
rode.

FIENNES Viscount SAY and SEALE, azure, three lions rampant or, an ancient baron
in England : He was advanced to the title of Viscount by King James I. of Great
Britain, 1624.

The paternal bearing of the name of HERBERT, parted per pale, azure and gules,
.three lions rampant argent, carried by Herbert Earl of Pembroke in England.

The name of HOSKINS there, parted per pale, azure and gules, a cheveron or,
betwixt three lions rampant argent.

The English heralds, as Gerard Leigh and Guillim, tell us, when there be more
lions in the field than one, they should be called lionceaux, or lioncels, i. e. lions'
whelps; because the nature of the lion is such, that it will not suffer another lion in
the field with itself ; but this rule, say they, admits of two exceptions : First, if
any of the ordinaries interpose between them, then they are still called lions; for,
by such an interposition of an ordinary, says Leigh, every one of these creatures is
reckoned to be of as great dignity as if they were borne separately in different
escutcheons; for which cause the ordinaries have the title of worthy partitions ; for
example, the arms of the Episcopal See of Durham, blazoned azure, a cross or, be-
tween four lions rampant argent. The second exception is, that, in all sovereign
ensigns, they are blazoned still lions, though three in number, propter dignitatem
regies majestatis, says Guillim ; and so those in the arms of England are neither
leopards nor lioncels,

The French and Latin heralds do not call lions lionceaux, or leunculi, till they
exceed the number three; for three lions, or as many of other creatures, situate in
one field, 2 and I, are looked upon but as one thrice repeated, to beautify the
shield of arms. Notwithstanding of this rule,

The arms of the name of MORTON, in England, are blazoned or, six lions ram-
pant azure, 3, 2 and i, by the abovementioned heralds: And Robert Dale, Pur-
suivant, in his Catalogue of the Nobility of England, and the author of the Peer-
age of that Kingdom, blazon the arms of SAVAGE Earl RIVERS, argent, six lions

OF I 'O I'll- FOOT El) BEASTS.

rampant, 3, 2 and i sable, (not calling them /ionceviux or li'jiicels} supported ni,
dexter by a falcon or, and on the sinister by an unicorn ardent, and, in place
wreath, a ducal crown, out ot" which issueth, for crest, the paw ot" a lion, erect in
pale sable ; with the motto, A te pro te*

OF THE PARTS OF LIONS.

FROM whole lions I proceed to their parts. And first, of the halt' forepart i.-i"
the lion, called demi-lion.

The name of MALLORY, in England, or, a demi-lion rampant gules.

The surname of BENNET, in England, gulfs, three demi-lions rampant argent.

HENRY BENNET, son of John Bennet of Arlington, was, by letters patent, the
I4th of May 1663, made Baron of Arlington, and afterwards, Viscount and Earl
of Arlington, the 22d of April 1672, carried the foresaid arms with a besant
iif the centre. His only daughter and heir, Isabella, was married to Henry Fitzroy
Duke of Grafton, by whom she had Charles Fitzroy Duke of Grafton; and, upon
the death of her father, the Earl of Arlington, she became Countess of Arlington ;
and, after the death of her first husband, she married Thomas Hanmer, Esq. and, at
the Coronation of Queen Anne, (being then the wife of a Commoner) she attend-
ed thereon, as Countess of Arlington, by descent ; and wore the robes and coro-
net of a Countess at that solemnity.

CHARLES BENNET, brother of Henry Bennet Earl of Arlington, was created Lord
OSSULS TON of Ossulston, in Middlesex, by letters patent, the 24th of November 1682.,
by King Charles II. gules, a besant between three demi-lions argent, with a mullet
for his difference.

Demi-lions are often represented as if they were coming forth from one or other
of the ordinaries, especially the chief, fesse, and bar, and are said to be either
issuant or naissant from them ; and these terms ar.e given to all other creatures in
the same posture. When a demi-lion is on a chief, he seems to come out of the
bottom of the chief, his hinder parts of the body not seen, showing only his head,
neck, and shoulders, with his two paws and the end of his tail, as that in the arms
of ZEALAND, being barry wavey of four pieces, argent and azure, on a chief or, a
lion issuant gules, thus1 blazoned by Chiffletius ; " Fascii quatuor ex argenteo 8*-
" cianeo undulatim fusu.% caput scuti aureum leone coccineo emergente impresr
" sum, qui symbolura Hqllandicum est." See Plate IV. fig 19.

The name of MELDRUM, of which before, argent, an otter issuing out of a bar
waved sable. Plate IV. fig. 13.

The surname of MILLIKEN, argent, three lions gules, issuing out .of two bavs
waved azure, two out of the uppermost, and one out of the undermost. Work-
man and Pout's Manuscripts.

The Latins, for the term issuant, use generally the word exiens, as Sylvester
Petra Sancta, " Leones alii minores, &• qui tantummodo extant eapite tenus,
" leones exeuntes vocantur, fecialium decreto, in hac arte rei Tesserarite."

Lions and other beasts naissant show more of their fore parts than those issuant,
which come forth from the upper line of the fesse or bar ; whereas, these naissant
emerge from the middle of the fesse or bar, and show more of their fore parts.
The terms issuant and naissant are distinguished by some English heralds, who
tell us, when these animals are on a chief, they are called issuant ; and, when
coming out of a fesse or bar, naissant. Mr Gibbon, in his Introducth ad Latinam
Blazoniam, from the indentity of the words issuant and naissant, evens and emer-
gent, and the similitude of the posture of the animals, they may be indifferently
said to be issuant or naissant, e\iens or emerge/is ; but, for better distinction, to ex-
press how much of the animal is seen, it were not amiss, says he, to add also, ad
humeros, ad lumbos, exiens, sire emergens.

I shall here mention again the arms of JOHN Earl of CARRJCK, eldest son of Kinu;
Robert II. when his father came to the crown, he, to intimate his right of succe--
sion, after his father's death, to the throne to which he succeeded by the name of
Robert III. carried or, a demi-lion naissant out of a fesse cheque, azure and argent.
as before. Chap. m. page 48.

302 OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS.

Sir JAMES SUTTIE of Balgone, in East-Lothian, Baronet, carries quarterly, II w
and fourth, barry wavey of six pieces, azure and or, on a chief of the last, a liou
rampant naissant, with two tails vert, armed and langued^&j-.fot the name of Suttie ;
second and third argent, a cheveron cheque gules, and of the first, between three
hunting-horns sable, garnished of the second, within a bordure of the same, for
Semple of Balgone ; crest, a ship under sail, all proper : motto, on an escrol
above, Mibi lucra ptricula ; and below, on a compartment, Nothing hazard, nothing
have. He is son and heir of Sir George Suttie, Baronet, sometime designed of Ad-
dingston, thereafter of Balgone, who got these lands with his wife Marion Sem-
ple, heiress of Balgone ; for which their son, Sir James, quarters the arms of his
mother, heir of Balgone, decended of Semple of Blackburn, an ancient family in
the shire of Renfrew.

Mr ALEXANDER LONG of London, Merchant, or, crucilli, a lion rampant gules,
impaled with those of his wife Margaret, descended of the HALLS in England, be-
ing sable, three battle axes, argent. By the name of HALL ; crest, a lion's head
erased gules : motto, Irani leonis noli timere.

Mr JOHN LONG, son of the above Mr Alexander, carries the arms of Hall, as
above, with a suitable difference.

M'BRAIR of Netherwood, an ancient family in Dumfries-shire, argent, a fesse
gules, between three stars in chief, and a lion rampant in base of the last. Ogilvie's
Manuscript.

The surname of CHALMERS, with us, the principal family, it seems, was designed
of that Ilk, which had for arms, argent, a demi-lion rampant sable, naissant of a
fesse gulfs, with a flower-de-luce in base of the last, as by our old books of blazon ;
and our New Register gives to Monsieur Chalmers, Baron of Tartas, in France,
since the year 1661, as descended of the family of Chalmers of that Ilk, argent,
a demi-lion rampant sable, issuing out of a fesse, and in base, a ilower-de-luce, all
within a bordure gules ; crest, a falcon belled, proper ; with the motto, Non prada
sed victoria. And in the same Register,

THOMAS CHALMERS, lawful son to James Chalmers, Advocate, lineally descend-
ed of a second brother of Chalmers of Ashentrees, who was a son of the family of
Chalmers of that Ilk, argent, a lion rampant sable , naissant out of a fesse gules,
;ind in base a flower-de-luce of the third, all within- a bordure of the second; crest,
a hand holding a pair of scales, proper ; with the motto, Lux mihi laurus. Lyon
Register.

Some will have the name CHALMERS to be from the ancient designatien, de Ca-
mera, or from the clan Cameron, who carried or, two bars gules, as by our old
books. Sir George Mackenzie, in his Manuscript of Scots Families, says, that one
of the name de Camera went to France, and put his name Camera in a latin dress,
Camerarius, and in French, de la Chambre ; and upon his return to Scotland was
called Chalmers; which tradition, says he, seems to be confirmed by the ilower-de-
luce in base.

There was an ancient family of this name designed of CULTS, in the shire of
Aberdeen, as in a genealogical tree of that family, illuminated and approved of
by Sir Charles Erskine, Lyon King at Arms, whereunto his subscription and seal of
arms are fixed, and the subscriptions of two heralds; which begins with Alexan-
der Chalmers of Cults, who married a daughter of Hay Earl of Errol, and cur-
ried the principal arms of Chalmers, viz. argent, a demi-litfn sable issuing out of a
fesse gules, and in base, a flower-de-luce of the last, which are impaled with these
ot his wife's ; and there, the seventh from him in a lineal descent was Alexander
Chalmers of Cults, with the above arms ; and, for crest, the head and neck of a
lion sable, langued gules; with the motto, Avancez, impaled with the arms of hit
wife, a daughter of Lumisdaine of Cushnie, being azure, on a cheveron argent be-
tween three stars or, a buckle of the first ; crest, a battle-ax erected in pale.
Their son William, married Elizabeth, a daughter of Chalmers of Binnie-Craig;

\vhose son was Mr James. Chalmers, Parson of Paisley; he married Petrie,

sister to Robert Petrie of Pottletham, sometime Provost of Aberdeen, with whom
he had Charles Chalmers, Writer to the Signet, and Captain in the Scots Guards,
who carried' the above arms of Chalmers, as in the abovementioned genealogical tree,
\yhich I have seen in the hands of Roderick Chalmers, herald-painter in Edinburgh,.

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS.

.aid eldest lawful son of the said Captain Charles Chalmers, and his wife Jean,
daughter to Alexander Boog of Burnhouses, in the shire of Berwick. See Flute of
Achievements.

But to proceed to the heads- of such animals, in armories, which heralds esteem
more honourable than their other parts, and next to the bearing of the whole
animal, and to represent courage ; which heads are either coupcd or erased ; c'juft-
i-d, when they arc cleanly cut oil'; erased, as if they were pulled oil', having thr
llesh and skin hanging down, which the French call arracbe, and the Latins lacrr
or avulsus.

S.M EATON, or, a lion's head erased gules, between three papingoes vert- Font's
Manuscript.

The lordship of BAD ENOCH, or, three lions' heads erased gules, quartered in the
achievement of the Duke of Gordon.

MONK. Duke of ALBEMARLE, gules, a chcveron between three lions' heads erased
argent ; thus blazoned by Imholf, " In scuto coccineo cantherium argenteum,
" cinctum tribus capitibus leonum avulsis, &- eodem metallo tinctis.

The ancient family of SCOTT of Balwearie, in Fife, argent, three lions' heads
erased gules, langued azure. As for the antiquity of the name, there is to be met
with Uchtredus films Scoti, witness in a charter of King David I. to the abbacy of
Selkirk ; and Robertas Scotus, a few7 years after, is witness in the charter of Robert
Bishop of St Andrews, to the abbacy of Holyroodhouse ; and, in the register of
Kelso, Ricardus Scotus is to be found in the reign of Alexander II. ; and, in the
reign of Alexander III. Michael Scott of Balwearie, and of Scots-Craig in Fife,
after the death of that king, was sent Ambassador by the estates of Scotland to the
King of Norway, and is aftermcntioned as one of the barons convened at Ber-
wick, by Edward I. of England, in the year 1292; IVillielmus Scotus is witness in
a charter of Walter II. Senetcallsu Scotia to the abbacy of Paisley ; (see Sir James
Dalrymple's Historical Collections, page 412, who says) perhaps was predecessor of
the Scotts of Murdiston in Clydesdale, who excambed these lands for Branxholm,
in the shire of Roxburgh, from whom the Scots of Buccleugh, of whom before.
William Scott of Balwearie was taken prisoner at the battle of Flodden. He sold
several lands to pav his ransom, and the family continued till the reign of King
Charles I.

SCOTT of Abbotshall in Fife, also now extinct, who was a cadet of Balweery,
carried argent, a pheon azure between three lions' heads erased, gules. Ponl\
Manuscript.

Sir JOHN SCOTT of Ancrum, Baronet, argent, three lions' heads erased, gules, be-
ing eldest lawful son to Patrick Scott of Langshaw, who was grandson to Andrew
Scott of Glendoick, in the sheriffdom of Perth, descended of a younger son of
Scott of Balwearie, as by the records of our Lyon Office, and has the arms of Bal-
\vearic ; crest, a lion's head erased gules, and the same are to be seen 40 years ago,
painted or cut on stone, supported with two greyhounds, on the house of Vopjrie,
• h urmerly belonged to this family. See Plate of Achievements.

Pr.N'TLAND of that Ilk, argent, a fesse azure between three lions' heads erased in
chief, and as many crescents in bass gules, Balfour's Manuscript.

BUCIIAN of Achmacoy, argent, three lions' heads erased, gules. Crawfurd's Ma-
nuscript. Some of the name of Buchan place a garb in the centre, as originally
descended from the Cumins of Buchan.

The surname of FAIRHOLME, designed of that Ilk, or, a fesse azure between three
lions' heads erased gules. Ibid. .

The name of FARMER in England, argent, a fesse sable between three lions' heads
erased gules, an ancient family in Oxfordshire. Sir William Farmer served King
Charles I. in his troubles with unshaken loyalty and honour ; whose son was, Ixjrd
Lempster.

RICHARDSON in England, arger.t, on a chief sable, three liono' heads erased of the
first, by Sir Thomas Richardson, Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas in Eng-
land; who being married to dame Eli/.r.beth Beaumont, King Charles I. was pleas-
ed to advance her to the dignity of Baroness of Cramoml, to her and Sir Tho-
mas's heirs-male, by letters patent, 28th of February 1628, which, I think, is the
only female creation to be found with us. Their arms carried, quarterly, first and

3o4 OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS.

fourth, argent, on a chief sable, three lions' heads erased of the first, for Richard-
son ; second and third, ermine on a canton azure, a St Andrew's cross argent, a<-
a coat of augmentation; on a ducal crown, in place of a wreath, an unicorn's head
couped ermine, horned or, for a crest ; and, for supporters, two horses maned or,
(moved sable ; with the motto, Virtute acquiritur honos.

When a lion's head (without the neck) and the full face is only seen, then it is
blazoned a leopard's bead or face.

I have seen the seal of arms of one JOHN LEPKR, Burgess in Edinburgh, append-
ed to an assignation of 10 mcrks, payable out of the lands of Dundas, dated
the ist of September 1189, whereupon was a shield with a cheveron between three
leopards' heads, as equivocally relative to the name ; and round the seal were these
words, Sig. Johannis Leper Burgen. Burgi de Edinburgh; and was so dignified in
the body of the assignation, which is yet to be seen in the custody of the Lairds
of Dundas. And in our old records of arms, the name of LIBBER.TON bears azure,
a leopard's head erased or. Plate XI. fig. 9

The name of M'GmK, three leopards' heads argent. The principal family of the
name is designed of BALMAGHIE, who makes the heads or.

The name of WENTWORTH in England, sable, a cheveron between three leo-
pards' faces or.

There are many families in England that carry leopards' heads or faces, as they
promiscuously call them, and some have them with flower-de-luces issuing out of
the top of the head and mouth, which they blazon thus, sable, a leopard's head
argent, jessant a flower-de-luce or, by the name of Morley of Halnaker, in Sussex,
and the EPISCOPAL SEE of HEREFORD in England, gules, three leopards' heads jessant,
and as many flower-de-luces or.

Lions' paws and tails are frequently used as armorial figures in England, being
either erased or couped, and situate as other figures, 2 and i, or after the position
of the ordinaries.

The name of USHER there, sable, three lions' paws couped and erect, 2 and i argent.

The name of FRAMPTON there, sable, two lions' paws cheveron-ways argent.

So much then for the terms in blazon given to the lion and his parts : I pro-
ceed to the next reputed animal for honour, the unicorn and his proper terms in
armories.

OF THE UNICORN.

So named from one horn which grows out of his forehead; he is of great esteem,
as well for his virtue as strength. In his horn the naturalists place a powerful anti-
dote against poison, and tell us that the wild beasts seek to drink in the waters
after the unicorn has stirred them with his horn; he is remarkable for his strength,
but more for his great and haughty mind, who would rather die than be brought
to subjection; for which see Job. 39th chap. Hopingius, de Jure Insignium. cap. 9.
says, " Monoceros Unicornis a recentioribus nominatur, nusquam vivus capitur ;
' ita quoque miles mortem contemnens nunquam potest in servitutem cogi ; est
' hieroglyphicum militis, & rei militiae." Upon these considerations and others,
the unicorn is frequently represented in devices and armories, especially by our na-
tion, as a supporter of the sovereign ensign, to show its unconquered and indepen-
dent sovereignty; and, as being part of the achievement of Scotland, has been grant-
ed by our kings to some of their well-deserving subjects, as an additament of ho-
nour to their armorial bearings; and by others assumed upon the account of its noble
qualities.

The postures of the unicorn in arms are much the same with those of the lion,
to be erected, passant, and seiant ; when the unicorn is erected, the English say,
salient ; the French, effraye ; and the Latins, insiliens or erectus.

HAY Earl of KIKNOUL, tor a coat of augmentation, has an unicorn salient argent,
within a bordure or, charged with eight half thistles, and as many half roses,
gules, conjoined, pale-ways in the first quarter before his paternal coat ; of which
before.

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS.

KER of Samuelston, an old family with us, now extinct, carrk-:l 'agent, an
unicorn > horned or. Font's Manuscript.

The other considerable families of the name of KER carry unicorns' heads ; of
which before.

When the lion, unicorn, and other animals are carried looking to the left side
of the shield, they are then said to be contourne, as in the bearing of GALENSTEI
in Stina ; gules, an unicorn contourne, argent ; unguled, horned, and crowned or ;
as Sylvester Petra Sancta, " Argenteus monoceros versus laevam incitatur, cum
" ungulis, cornu, coronaque inauratis in punicea parmula." Many families in
Germany carry the unicorn in their arms, as our author, who gives several exam-
ples ; to which 1 refer the curious.

When the unicorn is represented passant, and lifting up his fore right foot, he is
then said to be tripping, as in the arms of MUSTERTON in England, gules, an uni-
corn tripping, argent, armed or. Plate XI. fig. 10.

Sylvester Petra Sancta takes notice of this blazon in his book, and says, " Ar-
" genteus monoceros gradiens, in muricata parmula; cum auro in ungulis &•
" cornu, est Mustertoniorum in Anglia."

The seal of arms of the town of JEDBURGH in Teviotdale, azure, an unicorn
tripping argent ; unguled, maned, and horned, or. When the unicorn stands on
his four feet, with his head down and his horn straight out, he is then said to be in
defence; and in this posture he may be said to \>z feeding, as in the arms of CRISPI
in Rome, given us by Sylvester Petra Sancta, azure, on a green mount in base,
an unicorn feeding, argent; and in chief a comet or.

They are carried also running, and sometimes more than two, as in the arms of
FARINGDON in England, sable, three unicorns in pale, courant argent, armed or.
Art. Her.

When sitting, he is said to be se-iant, and by the Latins assidens, as in the bear-
ing of MARLING in England, argent, an unicorn seiant, sable, armed or. Art.
Her.

The unicorn seiant is so placed on the tops of several market-crosses in Scot-
land, as on that of Edinburgh, holding the banner of the kingdom, as fig. n.

Unicorns' heads, couped or erased, are frequent in armories, as by the ancient
name of PRESTON with us, assumed first from the barony of Preston in the shire of
Edinburgh. There were several barons of this name who were summoned to Ber-
wick when the controversy ran between the Bruce and the Baliol, as in Prynne's
Collections of the Scots Barons, Nicol de Preston^ William de Preston, teneates le<
Roi (hi Counte de Edinb. p. 656.

In the reign of King Robert the Bruce, Edward Preston is witness in a charter
of King Robert I. confirming a deed of Robert Blackburn to John Renton of Bil-
lie, which I have seen. John Preston, miles, is witness in a charter of King David
the Bruce. Our historians give us an account of Sir Laurence Preston, who, with
William Keith and Robert Gordon, defeated the English under the command of
General Talbot, and took him prisoner. In the reign of that King there was a
family of the name, designed of Gourton, which lands were afterwards called
Preston, and afterwards the family was designed of that lik, and sometimes of
Craigmillar, which was the principal seat of the family near Edinburgh. On the
inner-gate of the castle of Craigmillar are their arms to be seen, cut on an old
stone, within a shield couche, three unicorns' heads couped, (in paintings, argent,
three unicorns' heads couped sable) supported by two lions ; and for crest, an
unicorn's head issuing out of a coronet in place of a wreath : motto, Prasto ut
Pfastem. Below on the stone is the year of God 1427.

PRESTON Lord DINGWALL carried the same arms with Craigmillar ; with this
motto, Pour bleu fort ; so illuminated in Workman's Heraldry.

Sir ROBERT PRESTON of that Ilk, argent, three unicorn's heads erased sable;
crest, an angel, proper : motto, Picesto ut prtestem. New Register.

PRESTON of Whitehill, sometime designed of Cousland, descended of Andrew
Preston, a second son of Sir Simon Preston of Craigmillar, carried the above arms
of Preston of Craigrnillar, with a brotherly difference. I have seen the seal of
arms of Mr John Preston, a younger son of Whitehill, appended to a charter of his,
of a tenement of land in Fisherrow, to Elizabeth Preston, of the date 1546, in

4 H

306 OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS.

which he is designed Magifter y Praceptor capitals capelli Dominte Magdalene ,
on the seal were three unicorns' heads couped within a bordure ingrailed.

PRESTON of Formartin, argent, three unicorns' heads erased sable ; which 'ami-
ly ended in an heiress, married to one of the progenitors of Forbes of Tolquhon,
who now quarter these arms with their own, as other families who have matched
with heiresses of that name of old, as Stewart of Galsington, and Stewart of Dal-
swinton, accompany their fesse cheques with three unicorn's heads erased sable,
for Preston. Several families in England carry unicorn's heads, as the name of
SHELLY, gules, three unicorn's heads couped argent*

OF THE HORSE,

THE horse, for his commendable and useful qualities, long before the use of
armories, was, with the Romans, a sign of honour, proper to those of the equestrian
order ; and from it came the titles of honour, eque s, chevalier, and ridder with the
Germans, for a Knight.

In arms, his posture is to be erected with his head in profile, as Sylvester Petra
Sancta observes, p. 371, " Ut ad equum veniam generosum quidem, haud tamen
" ferum, is modo effraenis, &. modo fraenum patiens figuratur, unoque tantum
" oculo intuens exprimitur semper, quemadmodum &. leo ; sed & quandoque
" graditur, quandoque incedere aut procurrere videtur."

When the horse is erected, the English say salient ; the French cabre or effraye ;
the Latins surrectus ; and he is sometimes carried passant or courant, without bridle
or saddle ; and, when with them, he is said to be bridled, equipt, or furnished ; be-
ing of such tinctures different from the colour of the horse.

The horse has been anciently borne in arms, as by Hengist, the founder of the
Saxon race, who had a horse erect, which his name did signify. His successors
continued the same, in the Saxon language, called phalon, which gave name to the
countries of East and West-Phalia, as Beckmanus in his Notitia Dignitatum Imp.
p. 176. " Equum generositas commendat, & Witikindus Saxo, infracti animi prin-
" ceps, insigne ejus constanter circumtulit, unde &. Ostphaliorum &- Westphali-
" orum nomen enatum."

WESTPHALIA, gules, a horse salient, argent. Many princes in Germany carry
the horse salient, to show their descent from SAXONY, as does the Duke of Savoy
carry in the second quarter of his achievement, gules, a horse cabre and coti-
tourne, argent', for ancient Sax, parti, with modern Sax, barry of eight pieces or
and sable, surmounted of a crancelin, (a crown) bend-ways sinople.

With us the name of TORRY, as equivocally relative to the name, argent, a horse
passant, proper, furnished gules ; so said when a horse is bridled and saddled ; and
when with other furniture, as caparisons, he is said to be equipt. There was a
family of this name designed of Torry (of that Ilk), in the shire of Dumfries, who
was forfeit in the reign of King James III. as in a charter of these lands granted
by that King, to Thomas Carruthers, of the lands and church of Torry, and other
lands, " quae ad Georgium Tory de eoderri, nostrum felonem &• proditorem per-
" tinueruat, ratione ejus forfeiturae." (Haddington's Collections.)

The name of TROTTER, as in Workman's Manuscript of Blazons, argent, a horse
trotting, table ; furnished, gitles, on a mount in base, vert ; and in chief, a star of
the third. These of that name give other arms, of which afterwards, and carry a
horse for their crest.

HORSBURGH of that Ilk, an ancient family in the shire of Tweeddale, azure,
a horse-head couped argent ; and of late, by marrying the heiress of Tait of Pirn,
quarters the arms of that family with their own \ being argent, a saltier ingrailed,
and a chief gules ; crest, a horse-head ; motto, Egre de tramite recto. As in Plate
of Achievements.

The name of CESSFORD, parted per fesse, gules and argent ; on the first, a cross
argent ; and on the second, a horse-head couped sable. Workman's Manuscript.

The surname of COURSER or CORSER gives for arms relative to the name, argent,
three coursers, (z. e. running horses) heads couped, sable i bridled of the first.
Balfour's Manuscript.

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. 307

And to show their nature, Mr JOHN CORSER, writer in Edinburgh, carries the
same ; and for crest, a pegasus ; with the motto, Recto cursu.

The name or" MARSH in England, gules, a horse-head couped argent. (Art. Her.)

Dale Pursuivant gives for arms to EDWARD JONES, sometime Bishop or Asaph,
sable, three horse-heads erased argent.

When a horse's neck, shoulders, and fore feet are seen, then he is blazoned a
df mi-horse, as before of the lion, and to be issuant or naissant^

I may here mention the sngittary, half man and half horse, drawing a bow to
let fly an arrow ; which some say King Stephen of England carried of gold, in a
red field, for his arms ; but others, with more reason, tell us, he carried, for arms,
as his predecessors Kings of England, and assumed this sagittary only for his de-
vice, because his entry to the throne was when the sun was then in the celestial
sign Sagittarius.

The Ass, (plim Marti Victima cadebat) is the emblem of patience. Hopingius
df Jure Insignium, cap. 9. p. 610. " Asinus, hominis sapientis, laboriosi, frugalis,
" omnisque boni, etiam in insigriium areis hieroglyphicum est, ut in Scutis Ger-
" manorum majiifestum est ;" his posture is always passant, and from this beast
and the horse cometh the mule.

The name of ASK.EW in England, argent^ a fesse between three asses passant*
sable.

The name of HACKWELL in England, or, an ass's head erased, sable. (Art. Her.)

The name of MOYLE there, as relative to the name, gules, a mule passant,
argent.

Or THE BOAR AND HIS PARTS IN ARMORIES.

THE Boar, say the naturalists and heralds, is a champion among other wild beasts,
and encounters his enemy with a noble courage; and, in order to battle, he is said
to whet and sharp his tusks ; Guillim says the same ; he betokeneth a man of a
bold spirit, skilful and politic in warlike feats, called in Latin, aper, ab asperitate;
by the French, sanglier ; his posture in armories, is passant and rampant ; when
his tusks are of a different tincture from his body, they say then, he is armed of
such a tincture ; the French say defendu ; and when his eyes are sparkling and
red, allume ; Monsieur Baron in his UArt Heraldique, says, " Sanglier est passant
" ou courant, quelquefois rampant, pour exprimer 1'email de ses broches, on dit
" defendu, et celui de ses yeux, allume."

The ancient surname of BAIRD carried gules, a boar passant, or, as relative to
the name. In the reign of Alexander III. Robert, son of Waldeve de Biggar,
grants a charter to Richard Baird of Meikle and Little-Kyp. (Dalrymple's Col-
lections, p. 39 7.^) There is a charter of King Robert I. (Haddington's Collections)
of the barony ot Cambusnethan to Robert Baird. Baird of Carnwath, with other
three or four barons of that name, being convicted of a conspiracy against King
Robert the Bruce, in the Parliament held at Perth, were forfeited and put to
death therefore.

BAIRD of Auchmedden, in the shire of Banff, now the principal family of the
name, who has been, for several generations, appointed, by our Kings, principal
Sheriffs of that shire, till of late, carries gules, a boar passant, or; crest, a griffin's
head erased, proper : motto, Dominus fecit ; so matriculated by Sir John Baird,
Knight, in our New Register ; and sometimes for motto, Vi \3 virtute, as in Plate
of Achievements.

Sir JOHN BAIRD of Newbyth, descended of a younger son of Auchmedden, gules,
a sanglier passant, or ; and for difference, a canton ermine, charged with a sword
pale-ways, proper ; creat, a boar's head erased or : motto, Vi y virtute. See
Plate of Achievements.

His brother, Sir ROBERT BAIRD of Saughtonhall, being both Knights Baronets,
carries the same, with a crescent surmounting the sword for his difference ; ibid,
And as baronets, they may carry the badge of that dignity, either by way of can-
ton or escutcheon, as others of that degree..

3o3 OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS.

Which Sir John Baird of Newbyth, sometime one of the Senators of the College
of Justice, was son and heir of Mr James Baird, a younger son of Baird of Auch-
medden, who, as an Advocate and one of the Commissaries of Edinburgh, mar-
ried Bathia, a daughter of Dempster of Pitliver, by whom he had the above Sir
John and Sir Robert. Which Sir John of Newbyth married Margaret, daughter
to William Hay of Linplum, second son to James Lord Tester, and brother to
John, first Earl of Tweeddale. By her he had the present Sir William Baird
of Newbyth, who married first Helen, daughter to Sir John Gilmour of Craigmillar,
sometime President of the Session ; by whom he hath John, married to Janet,
daughter of Sir David Dalrymple, Advocate. Secondly, Sir William married
Margaret, daughter to the Lord Sinclair.

The boar's head, with all nations, is very much used as an armorial figure ; and
especially in Scotland, by many ancient families of different surnames in different
shires through the kingdom.

I shall begin with the ancient families, in the shire of Berwick, of the surnames
of GORDON, NISBET, SWINTON, REDPATH, and DUNSE, so named by their baronies,
which lie contiguous in that shire, from which their different surnames were
taken ; and who all carry three boars' heads of different tinctures ; by which it
seems that the tradition is probable that they were originally of one stock and
gens, and afterwards became the heads of families of different surnames ; their
antiquity appears in the charters of our ancient Kings, Edgar, Alexander, and
David, the sons of King Malcolm Canmore, to the church of Durham, and abbacy
of Coldingham, where they are not only witnesses, but, by their own deeds and
charters, are donors to these churches, which are to be found in the Treasury of
Durham, and other repositories and chartularies with us, of whom I shall speak a
little separately, and of ^their armorial bearings.

GORDON of that Ilk, azure, three boars' heads couped or ; the surname is from
the lands which they possessed in the shire of Berwick, of which there were several
eminent men. Edmond Howe, in his History of England, p. 163. says, Bertram
de Gordon wounded to death Richard I. King of England, at the siege of the
castle of Chalne in Aquitaine, in the year 1199. Ricardus de Gordon, by the re-
gisters of the abbacy of Kelso, about the year 1267, gives some lands in villa sua
de Gordon to that abbacy ; and there, Thomas de Gordon, jun. as another donor,
is mentioned, with his daughter Alicia Gordon, wife to Adam de Gordon, a kinsman
of the family, father and mother of another Adam Gordon, who confirms all these
donations made to Kelso (which are to be seen in the chartulary of that abbacy)
by Richard, Thomas, and Adam Gordons, his progenitors. He lived in the year
1308, and was a zealous asserter of the independency and freedom of his native
country, and stood firm for King Robert the Bruce. In consideration of his
good service, he got from that king the lordship of Strathbogie in Aberdeenshire,
which was then in the crown, by the forfeiture of David de Strathbogie. He mar-
ried Annabel, but whether she was the daughter of Strathbogie, as some say, I
know not. His son and heir was Sir Alexander de Gordon, father of Sir John
Gordon, who, by a charter of King Robert II. had all his lands erected into an
entire barony of Strathbogie. He was succeeded by Sir Adam his son, slain at
the battle of Homildon 1401, leaving issue by Elizabeth his wife, daughter to the
Lord Keith, only a daughter, Elizabeth, his heir. She was married to Sir Alexan-
der Seaton, second son to Sir William Seaton of that Ilk, to whom Robert Duke
of Albany, in the third year of his government, gives a charter of confirmation of
the lands and baronies of Gordon and Huntly in the shire of Berwick, and of
Strathbogie and other lands in the shire of Aberdeen. She bore to him Alexander
Seaton, who succeeded, and William Seaton, the first of the Seatons of Meldrum.
Of whom before.

Which ALEXANDER SEATON, by some designed Lord GORDON, carried, for arms,
quarterly, first and fourth Seaton, second and third Gordon, as before, still keeping
the surname of Seaton. He married three wives : First, Honora Keith, daughter
and heiress of Robert Keith, grandson of Sir William Keith, Marischal of Scot-
land, and his wife Honora, heiress of the Lord Fraser, but with her had no issue ;
notwithstanding, the family of Gordon has been in use to marshal the arms of
Fraser with their own, as I have observed elsewhere in my Essay of the Ancient

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS.

and Modern Use of Armories, at the title of Feudal Arms : Secondly, Alexander mar-
ried Giles Hav, daughter and heiress or' John Hay, Baron of Tullibody, Touch and
Kn.'ie; by \\imni MC had Sir Alexander Seaton, first or' the family of Touch in
Stirlingshire, ot whom before : And for his third wife, he had Margaret, daughter
of William Loid Crichton, Chancellor of Scotland, and by her had George his
successor. He, for his special service performed to King James II. in his minority,
was, by that king, in the year 1449, created Karl of Huntly ; and for the notable
defeat this carl gave to my Lord Crawford, then in rebellion at Brechin, on the
1 8th of May 1453, he got in reward from King James II. the sherifl'ship of Inver-
ness, with divers other manors and lordships, as that of Badenoch, for which the
family has been in use to place in a quarter of their arms those of the lordship ot
Badenoch.

George succeeded his father, and was second Earl of Huntly : He assumed the
surname of Gordon, and placed the arms of that name in the first quarter, and
those of Seaton in the third quarter; as by the following blazon :

GEORGE, the sixth Earl of HUNTLY, in a lineal descent, was, by the favour of
King James VI. advanced to the dignity of Marquis of Huntly ; and his great-
gnuidson, George Marquis of Huntly, was, by King Charles II. honoured with the
dignity and title of Duke of GORDON, the ist of November 1684, and was, by King
James VII. made one of the Knights of the most ancient Order of the Thistle.
He married Elizabeth Howard, daughter of Henry Duke of Norfolk, by whom he
had Alexander the present Duke of Gordon. The achievement of the family is,
quarterly, first Gordon, azure, three boars' heads couped or; second or, three lions'
heads erased gules, langued azure, as Lord of Badenoch ; third the paternal coat of
Seaton, as descended of the family ; fourth azure, three cinquefoils argent, for
Fraser : Which arms, in the late duke's time, were surrounded with the collar of
the most ancient Order of the Thistle, timbred with crown, helmet, and valets,
suitable to his Grace's quality ; crest, a buck's head couped, proper, attired or:
motto, Bydand ; supporters, two deer-hounds, proper, collared gules, and charged
with three buckles or.

The honourable branches of this family are GORDON Earl of ABOYNE. The first -
of this House was Charles Gordon, a younger son of George, second Marquis of
Huntly, by his ludy, Anne Campbell, daughter of Archibald Earl of Argyle ; who,
for his loyalty, was, by King Charles II. dignified with the title of Earl of Aboyne,
loth of September 1661. He died 1680, leaving issue, by Elizabeth, his wife,
daughter of John Earl of Strathmore, Charles, his successor ; who married Eliza-
beth, daughter of Patrick Earl of Strathmore, his cousin-german : And their son
is the present Charles Earl of Aboyne, whose achievement is, azure, a cheveron
between three boars' heads couped, within a double tressure, flowered with flower-
de-luces within, and adorned with crescents without or, for Seaton ; crest, a demi-
lion rampant azure; supporters, two men armed at all parts, holding each a hal-
bert in his hand, proper: motto, Slant cater a tigno.

The Right Honourable GEORGE GORDON Earl of ABERDEEN, Viscount of FOR-
TIN, Lord HADDO, &-c. descended of Gordon, an ancient family of that name
in Aberdeenshire. He was digriified with the above titles of honour, 3oth of No-
vember 1682 ; his arn.s,v/2///r, three boars' heads couped, within a double tressure,
flowered and counter-flowered with thistles, roses, and flower-de-luces or; crest,
two arms -from the shoulder naked, holding a bow, proper, to let an arrow fly:
motto. Fort mi a scqimtur; supported on the dexter by a man representing one of
the Senators of the College 'of Justice in robes, proper, and, on the sinister, by a
Minister of State, in his robes also. He was President of the College of Justice,
and thereafter High Chancellor of Scotland.

GORDON of Abergeldie, descended of the Earl of Huntly, carried that Earl's
arms, quartered with a mullet for difference, by Mr Font's Blazons ; but, by our
New Register, all within a bordure quartered, argent and gules.

ROBERT GORDON of Pitlurg, the paternal coat of Gordon, within a bordure or ;
crest, a dove, proper : motto, I bops. Ibid.

JAMES GORDON of Rothiemay, azure, a saltier between three boars' ruads couped
or. Ibid.

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS.

GORDON of Glenbucket, descended of Rotlnemay, azure, a cheveron between
three boars' heads erased or, all within a bordure counter-corhponed of the second
and first ; crest, a boar's head couped and erected, surrounded with an adder, dis-
posed orle-ways : motto, Victrix patientia. Ibid.

Sir WILLIAM GORDON of Lesmoir, Baronet, azure, a fesse cheque argent, and of
the first, between three boars' heads erased or; crest, a hart's head couped, proper;
supported 011 the dexter by a naked man, and on the sinister by a griffin, proper:
motto, Bydand. Lyon Register. And there,

GEORGE GORDON of Rothiemay, whose grandfather was a son of the family of
Lesmoir, the same with Lesmoir, all within a bordure nebule or; crest, issuing
out of the wreath a man presenting a gun, all proper : motto, Vel pax vel bellum.

Sir, JOHN GORDON of Park, azure, a dexter hand vambraced, grasping a sword
erected in pale, proper, hilted and pommelled or; betwixt three boars' heads
couped of the third, langued gules; crest, a sinister gauntlet, proper: motto, Sic
tutus. Ibid.

SIR ADAM GORDON of Dalpholly, descended of Huntly, carries the quartered coat
of Huntly, now Duke of Gordon, and has the boars' heads crowned argent, all
within a bordure nebule gules; crest, a dexter hand issuing from a heart, holding a
flaming sword, proper: motto, With heart and hand. Ibid.

GEORGE GORDON of Edinglaisie, second brother to Gordon of Park, azure, a
cross moline, between three boars' heads erased or ; crest, a boar's head erased,
holding in his mouth a sword, proper: motto, Aut mors aut vita Deus. Ibid.

Mr PATRICK. GORDON of Glastirim, descended of a second son of the family of
Huntly, quarterly, first and fourth azure, a cinquefoil argent, betwixt three boars'
heads couped or ; second and third Seaton; crest, a lion's head erased, and langued,
proper : motto, Divisa conjungo. Ibid.

Captain PATRICK GORDON of Tacachie, azure, a sheaf of arrows in the centre
between three boars' heads couped or : motto, Ever faithful. Ibid.

WILLIAM GORDON of Newark, azure, a billet argent in the centre betwixt
three boars' heads couped or; crest, a crescent argent: motto, Gradatim plena.
Ibid.

JOHN GORDON of Knockspeck, azure, a pheon betwixt three boars' heads erased
or; crest, a stag's head, proper, attired or: motto, Dum vigilo tutus. Ibid.

GEORGE GORDON of Badenscoth, descended of Lesmoir, bears as Lesmoir,
within a bordure indented or ; crest, a hart's head cabossed, . proper : motto, Still
bydand. Ibid.

JOHN GORDON of Auchanassie, whose grandfather was a second son of the family
of Lesmoir, azure, a fesse cheque argent, and, of the first, between three boars'
heads erased in chief, and as many mullets in base or; crest, a hart's head cabos-
s-ed, proper: motto, Bydand. Ibid.

ALEXANDER GORDON of Birkenburn, descended of Lesmoir, the first cadet of
that family, carries as Lesmoir, within a bordure argent; crest, a hart's head
couped, proper, charged with a crescent argent: motto, Bydand. Ibid.

JAMES GORDON of Terpersy, descended of Lesmoir, azure., a lion passant gardant
argent, betwixt three boars' heads erased or; crest, a hart standing at a gaze, pro-
per: motto, Non frauds fed laude. Ibid.

JOHN GORDON of Letterfury, descended of a fourth son of the family of Huntly,
the quartered arms of Huntly, all within a bordure indented argent; crest, a stag
at a gaze, proper: motto, Dum sisto vigilo. Ibid.

PATRICK GORDON of Nethermuir, descended of the family of Haddo, now Earl
of Aberdeen, azure, three boars' heads couped or, within a bordure parted per
lesse, argent and or; crest, a dexter hand issuing out of a cloud, and throwing a
dart, all proper: motto, Majores sequor. Ibid. See Plate of Achievements.

GORDON of Dauch, azure, three boars' heads couped or, a pillar in the'Centre,
\vith the letter Tau, argent. Ibid.

Mr ROBERT GORDON, brother to Dauch, bears the same, with a crescent for dif-
ference. Ibid.

JOHN GORDON of Avachie, azure, on a cheveron, between three boars' heads
couped or, a hand grasping a sheaf of arrows, proper : motto, Byde together.
Ibid.

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. 3 1 1

GORDON of Craig, an old family, of which, in the year 1672, Francis
(ionlmi of Craig had his arms recorded in the Lyon Register thus, azure, three
boars' heads erased or; and, in the centre, a shield or pretence of the first, charged
with as many cross patees of the second, within a bordure argent, for Barclay of
Towie; crest, a boar's head as the former: motto, By,!<-.

GORDON of Cocklarochie, descended of Craig, carried the arms of Gordon, with
a suitable difference, of which family George Gordon of Cocklarochie, by Ins wife
Grissel, a daughter of Seaton of Pitmedden, had two sons; the ticket, Alexander
Gordon of Auchintoul, sometime one. of the Senators of the College of Justice,
whose eldest son and heir is Major-General Alexander Gordon of Auchintoul :
Cocklarochie's second son is James Gordon of Ardmelly, who married one of the
co-heiresses of Meld rum of Leathers, and has issue ; carries, quarterly, first and
fourth figure, three boars' heads erased or, within a bordure of the last, charged
with eight crescents gules, as his paternal coat, second and third a-zurc, a demi-
otter issuing out of a bar waved sable, for Meldrum ; crest, a boar's head erased or:
motto, JSydf. As in the Lyon Register and Plate of Achievements.

GORDON Viscount of KKN.MURE. a principal family of the name in the south-west
of Scotland, in the shire of Galloway, originally from Gordon in the shire of Ber-
wick, from whence the name. I have seen a charter of King Robert the I.
"no d;,' Gordon, milili, and to his son William and his heirs, of the lands of
Stitchele, in the loth year of his reign, confirming a former charter of Thomas
Randolph Earl of Murray, of these lands of Stitchel, to the above Adam and his
son William. Sir James Dalrymple, in his Scots Collections, page 415, tells that
he has seen a writ of IVilliam de Gordon, Seignior de Stitcbel, of the date 1331.
One of the family of Gordon of Stitchel got the lands of Lochinvar in Galloway,
and from these, for a long time, were designed Gordons of Lochinvar. In the
reign of King James 111. John Gordon of Lochinvar got several charters of his
lands from that King, and from King James the IV. also, as in our public re-
gisters. He was succeeded by his eldest son, Sir Alexander Gordon of Lochinvar,
u ho was killed at the battle of Flodden, without issue ; and he was succeeded by
his brother Sir Robert, whose son and successor, James, was killed at the battle of
Pinkie, ictli September 1547, leaving issue his son and successor Sir'John Gordon
of Lochinvar, who married Elizabeth, a daughter of John Lord Herries; by her he
had Sir Robert his successor; and John Gordon of Muirfod, afterwards designed of
Penningham. Sir Robert married a daughter of William Earl of Gowrie, and bv
her he had Sir John his successor, whose arms are illuminated on the House of
1'alahall, 1604. And in our old books of blazon, as that of Mr Pont's, azure, a
bend between three boars' heads couped or.

Which Sir JOHN GORDON of Lochinvar, eldest son of Sir Robert Gordon of Loch-
invar, was by King Charles the I. created Viscount of Kenmure, and Lord Lochin-
var, 8th of May 1633. He was succeeded in these honours by his son John, se-
cond Viscount, but he dying without issue, the title came to John Gordon his
cousin-german, who dying unmarried, Robert his brother was heir to him ; and
he dying also without issi:^, 1663, the estate and honours devolved to Alexander
Gordon of Penningham, the next heir-male, father of William late Viscount of
Kenmure, who carried for his achievement, azure, three boars' heads erased or,
armed and langued gules, supported by two savages, wreathed about the head
and middle with laurel, holding battons in their hands, all proper; and for crest,
a demi-savage in the same dress : motto, Dread God. The cadets of this family
are,

GORDON of Craiglaw, who carries the same with Lochinvar, as before, with the
addition of a label of three points in chief argent. The first of this family was
William Gordon, son of John Gordon of Lochinvar, who purchased the lands of
Craighlaw from Adam Muir proprietor thereof, in the year 1498 ; and, in the year
1500, he gave them to his son William, whom he begot on his lady Elizabeth
Lindsay, as by the charter which I have seen in the hands of Craiglaw.- This
William Cordon of Craiglaw uiarried Janet, daughter of Baillie of Lamington ;
and their son and successor, ]ohn Gordon of Craiglaw, married a daughter of
Pnngle of Galashiels, and from them is lineally descended the present James Gordon
of Craiglaw.

3I2

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS.

ROGER GORDON of Troquhan, descended of a second son of Sir John Gordon of
Stitchel, after designed of Lochinvar, and his lady, a daughter of Dougal Mm -
lellan of Troquhan, from whom they had the lands of Troquhan, azure, a bend,
betwixt three boar's heads couped or, all within a bordure of the same; crest, a
savage-head erased, proper : motto, Fear God. Lyon Register.

GORDON of Earlston, another branch of the family of Lochinvar ; the old seal ol
arms which I have- seen of this family had only three boars' heads, with their neck
pendent and erased, as in the Plate of Achievements, and the legend round the
shield, Sigillum baronis baronite de Earlstoun; but since the year 1661, the arms of
the family are matriculated in the Lyon Register, azure, a besant or, betwixt three
boars' heads erased of the second ; and, for crest, a dexter hand issuing out of a
wreath, grasping a shabble, proper : motto, Dread God. This family was first de-
signed of Airds ; Alexander Gordon of Airds married Margaret, eldest daughter
of John Sinclair of Earlston, and his wife Janet, daughter to George Gordon of
Troquhan ; by which marriage his issue got the lands of Earlston, which the Sin-
clairs of Earlston, descended of a younger son of Sir John Sinclair of Herdmanston,
purchased from Patrick Hepburn Lord Hailes, about the year 1472, as appears by
the evidents in the hands of the present Earlston.

John succeeded his father Alexander; he married Elizabeth, heiress of John
Gordon of Black, whose son was John, and he again was succeeded by his son
Alexander Gordon of Earlston, who was a Member of Parliament for the Stewar-
try of Kirkcudbright ; he died in the year 1643, leaving issue, by his wife Eliza-
beth, daughter to John Gordon of Muirfad after Viscount of Kenmure. His
eldest sfta and successor, William Gordon of Earlston, married Mary, daughter of
Sir John Hope of Craighall, Lord of Session, and his lady, a daughter of Sir
Archibald Murray of Blackbarony. He died in the year 1679, leaving behind
him several children, Alexander, his eldest son who succeeded, and his second son
Sir William Gordon of Afton, a Lieutenant-Colonel in the army, who was made a
Knight Baronet, by letters patent, of the date ipth of July 1706 ; which dignity
was to pass to the heirs-male of his own body ; and which failing, to Alexander Gor-
don of Earlston, his elder brother ; he married Mary, the eldest of the daughters
und co-heirs of Sir George Campbell of Cessnock ; but dying without i^sue in the
year 1719, the dignity of Baronet came to his brother, Sir Alexander, and his heirs,
as by the patent abovementioned; which Sir Alexander Gordon, now of Earlston,
in the year 1676, married, first, Janet, daughter to Sir Thomas Hamilton, and
his lady, Ann, daughter and heir of Sir John Hamilton of Preston, with whom he;
had four sons and two daughters ; and secondly, he married Marion, second
daughter to Alexander Gordon Viscount of Kenmure, by whom he has also issue.
Thomas, the eldest son of the first marriage, and apparent heir of Earlston, mar-
vied Ann Boick, daughter and heir of William Boick, Merchant in Edinburgh, with
whom he has issue.

NATHANIEL GORDON of Carleton, son of David Gordon, a younger son of John
Gordon of Earlston, carries the abovementioned arms of Earlston with a suitable
difference.

WILLIAM GORDON of Sherm, descended of the family of Lochinvar, azure, a
bend betwixt three boars' heads erased, or ; crest, a demi-savage holding in his
right hand a batton erect on his shoulder, and in his left, an ear of wheat, proper:
motto, Tarn pace quam praelio. Ibid.

WILLIAM GORDON of Dengeuch, descended of Lochinvar, azure, a bend ingrail-
ed betwixt three boars' heads erased or; crest, an hand holding a batton erect, pro-
per : motto, Maneo nan fugio. Ibid.

JOHN GORDON of Cardiness, decended of Gordon of Lochinvar, azure, a bend
betwixt three boars' heads couped or ; his only daughter and heir, Elizabeth Gor-
don, was married to Mr William Stewart, third son to James Earl of Galloway,
and his lady Nicolas Grierson, a daughter of Lag ; with his wife he got the estate
of Castle-Stewart, being grand-daughter to Colonel William Stewart of Castle-
Srev.art, another branch of the family of Galloway, and with her he had a son
and daughter ; the son William married a daughter of Sir William Maxwell of
Monreith ; the daughter, Nicolas Stewart, married Colonel William Maxwell of
Cardiness. Mr William Stewart of Castle-Stewarr, as a son. of the Earl of Gal-

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS.

3*3

Io way abovementiond, carries the arms of the family, and, for difference, charges
the bend with a boar's head couped or, for his diilerence, on account of his wife,
a daughter of Gordon of Cardiness ; with the crest and motto of the family of
Galloway. For which see Plate of Achievements.

These are the branches or cadets of the families of Gordon, whose arms I meet
with in our records ; and, as for these descended of Sutherland, I have mention-
ed them before. So that I proceed to other principal families in the shire of
Berwick.

NISBF.T of that Ilk, argent, three boars' heads erased sable; crest, a boar passant
of the last : motto, / byde it ; as in Plate of Achievements.

The surname is local (as all our ancient ones) from their lands of Nisbet in the
shire of Berwick, which were of an ancient denomination ; for, in the donation
of King Edgar, the son of Malcolm Canmore, (in whose reign surnames came
first to be hereditary) to the Monks of Dunfermline, to pray for the soul of his
father, and for the health of his own, among other lands, he gives those of Nisbet,
at least the patronage of that church called East-Nisbet, (of late Elmbank) and
the teinds of Nisbet (afterwards called West-Nisbet). where the castle of Nisbet
stood, memorable in our histories for the fatal overthrow the English gave, by the
assistance of the then rebel the Earl of March, to the flower of th« youth of the
Lothians.

What I shall say of this ancient and honourable family, in general, is not with-
out documents, which are to be seen among the records of Durham, priory of
Coldingham, abbacy of Kelso, and other chartularies ; but, from the charter-
chest of the family, which, I suppose, is in the custody of the present possessors
of these lands, I cannot vouch any thing, having never had access thereto.

In the reign of King David the I. Philip de Nesbytb is a witness to that king's
deed which he made to the religious at Coldingham, for prayers to be said for the
health of his soul.

In the reign of King Malcolm, Patrick Earl, one of the progenitors of the Earls
;>t" March and Dunbar, being designed in his charter, Patricias Comes, JiUus IVal-
devi C'jmitis, of the lands of Edrom, cum ejus capella & suis pertinent Us, qua du-
citur ad villain de Nisbet, to the Monks of Durham, to pray for the souls of King
Malcolm, his sons, Edgar, Alexander, and David, kings of Scotland, and for the
-oul of Earl Henry, and for the health of King Malcolm, as the custom then \va*;
in wrhich charter many witnesses are named, amongst whom are IVillielmus de Nes-
byth and Alanus de Swyntvun : The same charter is long afterwards confirmed by a
> harter of King Robert the I. and they are fully narrated, which may be seen in the
Collections of the Earl of Haddington in the Lawyers' Library.

Philip de Nisl»-t is mentioned in the Bond of Submission given by the Baron* nt"
Scotland to King Edward the I. of England, in the year 1296. Prynne's History,
page 654, and there James and John Nisbets.

King Robert the Bruce grants a charter to Adam Nisbet of that Ilk of the lands
of Knocklies, faciendv regi seri'itium unius militis in communi exercitu. This Adam,
»r another Adam Nisbet of that Ilk, his successor, flourished in the reign of David
the II. and made a very good figure in the southern parts, the borders of the
kingdom ; he is one of the barons mentioned in that deed, whereby Alexander
Lindsay of Ormiston makes over his estate to Johanna his daughter, married to
Alexander Cockburn, who were the predecessors of the present Adam Cockburn of
Ormiston. Adam Nisbet of that Ilk was succeeded by Philip Nisbet, whom I find
designed de eodem, in a charter of George de Dumbar Earl of March, to Henry de
Ogoul, of the lands of Popille in East-Lothian, of the date 1373, and he again
was succeeded by his son Adam, whom I find designed of West-Nisbet in a char-
ter of these lands in the year 1420 : It seems it was about that time when East-
Nisbet went off with a daughter of the family that was married to Chiniside of
that Ilk. The family was afterwards sometimes designed of West-Nisbet, and
sometimes of that Ilk ; for his grandson and successor is designed Nisbet de eodem,
in a charter which he gets from King James the IV. of the lands of Brigham-
sliiels, to himself and his wife, Helen Rutherford, in the year 1506: His successor
was Alexander Nisbet of that Ilk : for John Nisbet of Dalziel gives a charter to

3*4

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS.

George Nisbet, son of Alexander Nisbet of that Ilk, of half of the barony ot
Dalziel, 1513, as in the Public Register.

Which George succeeded his father Alexander ; he gives a charter (where-
in he is designed de eodtni) to Elizabeth Cranston, daughter of Cuthbert Cran-
ston of Mains, of the lands of Mungo's- Walls, West-Miln of West-Nisbet, and
lands of Otterburn in Berwickshire, anno 1551. He was grandfather of Philip Nis-
bet of that ilk, who married a daughter of Haldane of Gleneagles ; with her he
had Sir Alexander, v, ho succeeded i .,uip Nisbet, who lived in England.; of him
are descended Thonu^ and Philip Nisbets, eminent merchants in London ; and, for his
third son Thomas, \\ Iio married Agnes Purves, father and mother of Mr Philip
Nisbet of Lfldykirk, an eminent man for his learning and loyalty, grandfather of
Margaret Nisbet, married to John Veitch of Dawick, chief of his name, of whom
afterwards.

Which Sir Alexander Nisbet of that Ilk, .who demolished the castle of Nisbet, and
builded the house of Nisbet, was most signally conspicuous for his bright parts, and
dutiful loyalty to his Sovereign King Charles the I. He was principal Sheriff of
the shirt of Berwick during the peaceable time of that King's reign; he strenuous-
ly opposed the Covenanters ; but they prevailing, he and his sons were iorced to
leave the country, and join with the King's army, where they served in honourable
posts with valour and untainted loyalty, to the loss of their persons and estate :
His lady was Katharine Swinton, only daughter of Swinton of that Ilk, and his
first lady Katharine Hay, daughter of William Lord Tester ; she bore to him
Philip, Alexander, Robert, John, and Adam.

The eldest son, Sir Philip, was on his travels abroad, who, hearing of his sove-
reign's troubles, came to England, and offered his service to his Majesty, who
knighted him, and gave him the command of a regiment, and was lieutenant-
Governor of Newark upon Trent, when the Scots Covenanters besieged it ineilct:-
tually : He gave many singular proofs of his conduct and valour in the service of
his king in England, till the affairs drew him to Scotland to join with the Marquis of
Montrose, and continued with him till the battle of Philiphaugh, where, being ap-
prehended, he was no sooner known but an order was sent from the Committee of
Estates for his commitment to Glasgow ; and there he was tried for being in arms
with Montrose, which they easily found him guilty of, and gave sentence to
lose his head ; which judgment was execute upon him at Glasgow, in company
with Alexander Ogilvie, eldest son of Sir John Ogilvie of Innerquharity, a youth
scarce twenty years, both unmarried, upon the 28th of October 1646; as in the
History of these times, by Dr George Wishart, Bishop of -Edinburgh, who says,
that the Covenanters beheaded then three stout gallant gentlemen, Sir William
Rollock, Alexander Ogilvie, and Sir Philip Nisbet, of an ancient family, and chief
of it, next his father, who had done honourable services in the King's army in
England, and had the command of a regiment there.

Alexander and Robert, both Captains, were killed in the field following Mon-
trose. Mr John, the fourth son, married and died in England, leaving a daughter
who was married to Mr Brown in Chirnside, a brother of Brown of Blackburn.

Adam, the youngest son of Sir Alexander Nisbet of that Ilk, married Janet
Aikenhead, grandchild to David Aikenhead, Provost of Edinburgh, father and
mother of the author of this System of Heraldry, who is the only male represen-
ter of the ancient and honourable family of Nisbet.

There were of old several good families of the name, branched from the house
of Nisbet, now extinct, as Nisbet of Paxton, Nisbet of Spittle, Nisbet of Swine-
wood in the shire of Benvick, and Nisbet of Dakiel in the shire of Lanark, which
nourished from the reign of King David the II. to the reign of King Charles the
II. from whom were descended the Nisbets, who were magistrates and eminent
merchants in Glasgow.

There was also another family of the name in the shire of Renfrew, stiled NISBET
of Johnston, which, in the time of King James the I. went of with an heiress mar-
ried to a son of Wallace of Ellerslie, who thereupon quartered the coat of Nisbet
with that of Wallace, which, as I am informed, are to be seen engraven on the
house of Johnston.

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. 315

The most eminent, families of the name, now standing, are Nisbet of Dean,
Nisbct of Graigintinnic, and Nisbet of Dirleton, being all come of three sons of
i one Hary Nisbet, merchant in Edinburgh, descended from Nisbet of that Ilk.

piv-.-.cnt Sir JuiiN JNisinn- of Dean, Baronet, lineally descended of the eldest
son Jame.-., carries argent, a cheveron gulfs, between three boars' heads erased sable;
crest, a boar's head nib it : motto, / byde it. The family lias been in use to carry
their arms supported on the right side bv a savage wreathed about the head and
middle, all proprr, holding a button on his shoulder, and, on the left, by a grey-
hound, pro" i.cli are to be seen cut on the frontispiece of their aisle of the
West-churcn, ana in Plate of Achievements.

ALEXA:-. of Craigintinnie, descended of the second son William,

carried the Dean, but charged the cheveron with three cinquefoils argent.

Sir |oir. Dirleton, a famous Lawyer, was one of the Senators of the

College of Ji^tice, and Advocate to his Majesty King Charles II. from the year
1663 to tli-j year 1677 : iii-. father was Sir Patrick Nisbet, also one of the Lords
of Session, stiled Lord Eastbank, descended of the third son. Dirleton carried
argent on a cheveron gules, betwixt three boars' heads erased sable, as many
cinquefoils of the first ; the cheveron ensigned on the top with a thistle, proper ;
crest, a hand holding a pair of balances; with the motto, Disc ite -jitstitiam ; which
arms are now carried by William Nisbet of Dirleton, eldest son of the above-
mentioned Alexander Nisbet of Craigintinnie, as heir of tailzie to Sir John Nisbet.
See Plate of Achievement-.

NISBET of Greenholm, a family of a good old standing in the shire of Ayr, des-
cended of Nisbet of that Ilk, carries argent, three boars' heads erased within a
bordure sable ; crest, a boar's head as the former ; with this motto, His fortihus
arma, as in Plate of Achievements. Of this family is NISLET of Carphin, and Mr
ALEXANDER. NISBET, Chirurgeon in Edinburgh, who carries argent, three boars' heads
erased sable, within a bordure invected g ule s, for his difference; crest and motto,
as Greenholm. Plate of Achievements.

The other principal and ancient family in Berwickshire, is SWINTON of that Ilk,
who carries sable, a cheveron or between three boars' heads erased argent ; crest,
a b.nir dunned to a tree : motto, y'espere.

The curious Mr James Anderson, in his Elaborate Historical Essay of the Inde-
pendency ot the Crown' of Scotland, page $4. tells us, that, amongst the many
charters of Scots families that he did see in the chartulary of Durham, there were
two original charters granted by King David, commonly called St David, to the
predecessor of Swinton, wherein he is termed Miles, and was to hold his lands as
freely as any of the king's barons. 1 have shown, a little before, that Alanus de
S-cj'tntun is a witness with IVi1 Helmut dc Nesbytb, in a charter of Patricias Comes, in
the reign of King William the Lion : Of this family were many brave men, men-
tioned by ou.- Historians. The family is now* represented by Sir John Swinton of
that Ilk, Jiamiut, who of late has added to his arms, for supporters, swo swine, as
relative to the name, standing on a compartment, whereon are these words, ye
pense, as in Plate of Achievements.

Though this was a considerable and honourable family, who have had intermar-
riages with very eminent families in the kingdom, they have few or no cadets
whose arms I meet with in our records, save these of Robert Swinton, designed, in
our New Registers, late Factor to the Marquis of Montrose, who carries sable, a
. cheveron or between three boar.-,' heads erased argent, within a bordure indented
of the second ; crest, an ear of wheat, proper : motto, Dum sedulo prospere.

RED PATH of that Ilk, another ancient family in the Merse, argent, a. cheveron
ingrailed between three boars' heads erased gules ; as in Sir James Balfour's and
Font's MSS. This family is now extinct.

REDPATH of Angelraw is the only family of th'e name in that shire who carries
the foresaid arms.

DI'NSE of that Ilk, another ancient family there, sable, a cheveron or betwixt
three boars' heads of the last, as in Mr Thomas Crawfurd's MS. Of which family

.is the famous Joannes Duns Scotus.

HAITLIE of Mellerstain, another old family in the Merse, now extinct, carried or

316 OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS.

on a bend azure, three boars' heads erased of the first, so illuminated in the housi-
of Falahall, and blazoned in Font's MS.

FRENCH of Thornydikes in the Merse, which lies near to the lands of Gordon,
carried almost the same arms with them, viz.. azure, a cheveron between three
boars' heads erased or. I have seen a principal charter of George Dunbar Earl of
March, Lord Annandale, granted to Robert French of Thornydikes, upon his
resignation of these lands in the hands of that Earl, for a new charter to himself
and his wife, Elizabeth French, and to their heirs. Their son Adam French gets
a new charter to himself and his spouse, Janet Rule, and their heirs, of the
lands of Thornydikes, in the reign of Robert the III. ; and King James the I.
grants a charter of Confirmation of these rights, 1433, and the same year Robert
French is served heir to his father Adam ; which evidents are in the custody of
David French of Frenchland, lineal representer of French of Thornydikes, who
carries the same arms.

There are other families in the Merse, of a good old standing, of the surname of
TROTTER, some of whom carry a crescent and stars, and others, boars' heads, as
TROTTER of Prentanan and Quickwood, an old family of the name, who, by their
ancient seals and paintings, carried urgent, a crescent gules, and, on a chief
azure, three stars of the first ; and for crest, a horsd trotting, proper, as rela-
tive to the name ; with the motto, Festina lente. Of whom is descended Mr
Alexander Trotter, Minister at Edrom in the Merse. See Plate of Achieve-
ments.

In our New Register I find HENRY TROTTER of Mortonhall, heritor also of the
barony of Charterhall, whereof Fogohill and Fogomill are parts and pendicles,
having in the late Lyon's time taken out his arms, on the 2pth of June 1676,
which are now thus ; quarterly, first and fourth argent, a fesse gules, between three
stars in chief sable, and a crescent in base azure, as his paternal coat for Trot-
ter of Mortonhall : But I think they should have said, for Trotter of Prenta-
nan and Quickwood, being the same with theirs, as before, second and third argent, a
cheveron gules, between three boars' heads cooped sable, for Trotter of Charterhall ;
crest, a man holding a horse, proper, furnished gules : mctto, In promptu. In the
same Register we have the arms of Mr George Trotter of Charterhall in the
Merse, argent, a cheveron gules, between three boars' heads sable, langued and
armed of the second, registrate 1669, and the cheveron is charged with a mullet.

WILLIAM TROTTER, representer of the family of Catchelraw, argent, a cheveron
gules, between three boars' heads couped sable ; crest, a horse passant or trotting.
L. R.

The name of HOG has been anciently in the Merse, and carried argent, three
boars' heads erased azure, armed or ; as in Font's MS. and in the New Register.

Sir ROGER HOG of Harcarse, who was one of the Senators of the College of
Justice, carries the same; and for cre*st, an oak tree, proper: motto, Dot gloria
vires.

The name of ROCHEAD there, argent, on a fesse azure, a boar's head erased, be-
tween two mullets of the field ; the same is carried by ROCIIEAD of Craigleith ;
and for crest, a man's head couped in profile, proper: motto, Fide & virtutc.
N. R. And there,

ROCIIEAD of Whitsomhill argent, a savage-head erased, distilling drops of blood,
proper, between three combs azure ; crest, a savage-arm erect, proper : motto,
Pro patria.

In many other shires of the kingdom there are other ancient and honourable
families who have boars' heads for their armorial figures, which betoken no descent
nor dependence one upon another, as the Elphinstones, Abercrombies and others,
of whom before : I shall mention here those of the surnames of Cochran, Rollo
and Lockhart.

The most eminent family of the riame of COCHRAN is that of the Earl of Dun-
donald's, whose achievement is, argent, a cheveron gules, between three boars'
heads erased azure ; crest, a horse passant argent; with the motto, Virtute $3 la-
bore; supported by two greyhounds, proper, collared and leashed gules. This fa-
mily is of good antiquity in the shire of Renfrew, where the barony of Cochran
lies, from which is the surname.

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. 0 r-

In the reign of Alexander the III. IValdenus de Coveran, or Cochran, was a wit-
ness to the charter which Dungallus, Jilius Svvayn gave to Walter Stewart Earl of
Monteith, of the lands of Skipness in Argyleshire, in the year 1262, (Dalrymple's
Collections and Crawfurd's History of Renfrew) William dc C'jf'.n-an is mentioned
by Prynne, in his History, as one of the Scots barons that gave allegiance to King
Edward the I. of England. In the reign of David the 11. flourished G'jsilin-
Cochran, father of William de Cochrun of that Ilk; and from him (as in Mr Craw-
furd's Peerage) was lineally descended William Cochran of that Ilk, who obtaint-d
a charter of confirmation from Queen Mary of the lands of Cochran, in the year
1576. He had with his wife, Margaret, daughter of Robert Montgomery of Skel-
morly, only a daughter, Eli/.abeth Cochran, his sole heir, to whom he entailed his
whole estate, and to the heirs of her body ; and, for want of issue, to several others,
upon condition they should bear the name and arms of the family : Which Eliza-
beth took to husband Alexander Blair, a younger son of John Blair of that Ilk,
and to him she bore seven sons and two daughters : The eldest, Sir John, died,
having no issue with his lady, Madam Buttler, one of the daughters of Ormond.
To him succeeded his brother, Sir William Cochran of Cowden, who, for his singular
parts and loyalty to King Charles the I. was advanced to the dignity of a Lord of
Parliament, by the title of Lord Cochran of Cowden, in the year 1647 ; and, upon
the Restoration of King Charles the II. as an additional mark of his Majesty's
esteem of his good services, he was advanced to the dignity of Earl of DUNUONAI.D,
1669, and was one of the Commissioners of his Majesty's Treasury. He had to
his lady Euphame, daughter of Sir William Scot of Ardross ; she had to him two
sons and a daughter, William. Lord Cochran and Sir John of Ochiltree.

Which William Lord Cochran died in his father's lifetime, leaving issue by the
Lady Katharine his wife, daughter of John Earl of Cassilis, John, his- successor,
William Cochran of Kilmarnock, and Alexander Cochran of Bonshaw. John suc-
ceeded his grandfather in the earldom of Dundonald ; he married Lady Susanna,
daughter of William Duke of Hamilton, and by her he had two sons, William Earl
of Dundonald, who died without issue, and was succeeded by his brother John,
the present Earl of Dundonald, who married Anne, daughter of Charles Earl of
Dunmore, by whom he has William Lord Cochran, and three daughters ; he car-
ries the above achievement.

The arms of the surname of Cochran, which I find matriculated in the New
Register, are these :

Sir JOHN COCHRAN of Ochiltree, a son of the first Earl of Dundonald, argent, a
cheveron gules, between three boars' heads erased azure, within a bordure of the
seond ; crest a horse passant argent: motto, Virtute \3 labore.

JOHN COCHRAN of Waterside, a younger son of Ochiltree, carries as his father,
with a crescent in chief for difference.

ALEXANDER COCHRAN of Balbarchan, argent, a boar's head erased, and, in chief,
three mullets disposed cheveron-ways azure ; crest, a spear-head and garb crossing
other saltier-ways, proper : motto, Arms y industria*

Mr WILLIAM COCHRAN of Rochsoles, descended of a second brother of Balbar-
chan, argent, a boar's head erased, and, in chief, a crescent betwixt two mullets
disposed cheveron-ways azure.

Mr WALTER COCHRAN of Drumbreck, ermine-, on a chief gules, a stag's head
erased or, betwixt two mullets argent ; crest, a stag standing at a gaze, proper,
attired gules : motto, Vigilanti salus.

WILLIAM COCHRAN, second son to Walter Cochran of Drumbreck, sometime
Bailie of Aberdeen, the same with his father, within a bordure gules; crest, a hand
holding a man's heart, proper : motto, Concordia vincit.

COCHRAN of Pitfarr, ermine, on a chief gules, a boar's head erased betwixt two
mullets argent. Font's MS.

ROLLO of Duncrub, argent, a cheveron azure, between three boars' heads erased
sable. Other books give them azure, as now carried. As for the antiquity of the
family, John Rollo got a grant of the lands of Duncrub, and other lands, from
David Earl of Strathern, with the consent of King Robert his father, of the date
1 3th February 1380. From the lands of Duncrub the family was designed; and
these lands, with others, were erected into a free barony bv King James IV. in,

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS.

favours of William Rollo of Dimcrub, as the charter bears, of the date 26th-
October 1512. From this William was lineally descended Sir Andrew Rollo of
Duncruib, who was knighted by King James the VI. and afterwards was by King
Charles the I. raised to the dignity of Lord Rollo of Duncrub, in the year 1651.
From whom is descended the present Robert Lord Rollo. Their achievements
are, or, a cheveron, betwixt three boars' heads erased azure, supported by twa
^tags, proper ; crest, a stag's head couped, proper : motto, La fortune passe par
tout.

ROBERT ROLLO of Powhouse, whose predecessor was a brother of Duncruib, or,
a cheveron between three boars' heads erased azure, all within a bordure ingrailed
of the second ; crest, a boar passant, proper : motto, Valor e & for tuna. New Re-
gister.

The surname of LOCKHART carries boars' heads. Simon Loccard lived in the
reign of Malcolm the IV. as in the Chartulary of Kelso, to which he was a bene-
factor. There is also a charter of confirmation of Simon Loccard, the son of
Malcolm Loccard, super Ecclesiam de Simondston, i. e. Symington in the shire of
Lanark, so called from the foresaid Simon Loccard, now writ Lockhart. For
more particulars of the antiquity of the name see Sir James Dalrymple's Collec-
tions, page 415.

The principal stem of this name was designed of Lee, because the lands of
Symington and Craig- Lockhart did anciently belong to the family of Lee, as the
abovementioned author says, who tells us, That from Sir Simon Loccard of Lee,
Dominus ejusdem, in the reign of David Bruce, was descended Sir James Lockhart
of Lee, one of the Lords of the Session in the reign of King Charles the I. and by
King Charles the II. restored to that office, and promoted to be Justice-Clerk.
He had five sons ; Sir James, the eldest, a colonel ; Robert, a captain, who died
in the Civil Wars ; Sir William, a great statesmen and general, of great esteem in
France and England, succeeded his father in his estate and office as Justice-Clerk ;
of whom is the present Lockhart of Lee : The fourth son, Sir George Lockhart, a
learned lawyer, and eloquent pleader, was Lord President of the Session ; he pur-
chased the barony of Carnwath, which is enjoyed by his son George Lockhart of
-Carnwath, who married Lady Euphame Montgomery, second daughter of Alexan-
der Earl of Eglinton, and by her has issue. Sir James Lockhart, the youngest
son, was by King Charles II. made a Lord of the Session, by the designation of
Castlehill ; his estate is come to his daughter married to Sir John Sinclair, eldest
son of Sir Robert Sinclair of Stevenston, Baronet, who has issue with her.

The family, it seems, of old, carried azure, three boars' heads erased, within a
bordure ingrailed or; as in Balfour and Font's MSS. One of the heads of this
family is said by some to have accompanied Good Sir James Douglas, with King
Robert the Bruce's heart, to Jerusalem. The family have since altered their arms,
either to perpetuate the same story, or to make their arms more univocal to the
name ; thus, argent, a man's heart, proper, within a padlock sable, and, on a chief
azure, three boars' heads erased argent; crest, a boar's head: motto, Cor da serata
pando; some readfero.

LOCKHART of Cleghorn carries azure, three boars' heads erased argent ; crest, a
boar's head erased as the former : motto, Sine labe fides. L. R. This is another
ancient family of the name of Lockhart. Allan Lockhart of Cleghorn is a witness
in the charters of King James the II. I have seen a charter of King James the
IV. granted by that king to Sir Stephen Lockhart of Cleghorn, of the lands of
Cleghorn, quee prius pertinucrunt ad predecessores. His son was Allan Lockhart,
father of Alexander, who was infeft in the barony of Cleghorn, and the lands of
Grugfoot, 1533; and his son Allan was seised in these lands, 1582, of whom is
lineally descended the present Allan Lockhart.

ROBERT LOCKHART of Birkhill carries argent, on a bend, betwixt three boars'
heads erased azure, a man's heart, proper, within a fetter-lock or; crest, a boar's
head erased as the former : motto, Ferocifortior. Ibid.

WALTER LOCKHART of Kirkton places the heart and padlock on a cheveron ;
and, for crest, a dexter hand holding a boar's head erased, proper : motto, Feroci
fortior. Ibid.

The surname of URO^UHART carries boars' heads : as URQUIIART of Cromarty, or\

OL FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS

three boars' heads erased gules. Font's MS. The chief of this name (says Sir
Geocge Mackenzie, in his Genealogical Manuscript of the Nobility and Gentry)
was Urquhart of Cromarty. The first of the family was a brother of Ochonacher,
who slew the bear, predecessor ot the Lord Forbes, and, having in keeping the
castle of Urquhart, took his surname from that place.

URQUHART of Craigston, descended of Cromarty, carries the same with Cro-
marty, with the addition of a crescent, for a brotherly difference. Font's Manu-
script.

ALEXANDER URQUHART of Newhall, Esq. whpse grandfather was a second son of
Cromarty v carries or, three boars' heads erased gules, within a bordure quartered
sable, and of the second ; crest, a boar's head couped as the former : motto, Per
actum intentio, N. R. Plate of Achievements.

ADAM URQUHART of Meldrum carries quarterly, first and fourth Meldrum, se-
cond and third Seaton, as before carried by Seatons of Meldrum, and still by their
male representatives ; and has nothing of Urquhart but a boar's head erased or,
for crest ; with the motto of Meldrum, Per mare & terras. L. R.

These of the name of CRUIKSHANKS, as George Cruikshanks of Berryhill, carry
or, three boars' heads couped, sable, langued and armed azure. New Register.

The name of WHITEHEAD carries or, on a fesse between three boars' heads eras-
ed azure ; as many cinquefoils argent* Font's MS.

WHITLAW of that Ilk carries sable, a cheveron or, between three boars' heads
couped argent. •(Font's MS.) Some of this name are to be met with in Mr
Frynne's Collections, swearing fealty to King Edward the I. of England. In the
reign of King James the III. there was one Archibald Whitlaw, an eminent
churchman, being a son of Whitlaw of that Ilk, who was Secretary of State to
that King. In the reign of King James IV. Whitlaw of that Ilk married
Elizabeth Fenton, daughter and heiress of John Fenton of that Ilk, (of the arms
of Fenton before) by whom he had a son, Patrick Whitlaw of that Ilk, from
whom was descended Richard Whitlaw of that Ilk, who married Jean Blackburn,

daughter of Blackburn, Merchant in Edinburgh, and his wife

Nisbet, sister of Sir John Nisbet of Dirleton ; and with her he had only a daugh-
ter, Jean Whitlaw, his heiress, who married Walter Burnside, who, in right of his
wife, possesses the lands of Whitlaw, and makes use of the arms, as in Plate of
Achievements.

The ancient family of Mow * in Teviotdale carried a boar's head. It was some-1
time a numerous family ; for, by old records which I have seen, there have been
hostages given out of this family, all of the name of Mow, to the English, for
keeping the peace between the Borders of Scotland and England. There is a con-
tract betwixt the abbot of Kelso and the laird of Mow, in the Register of Kelso,
an abstract of which is in the hands of Riddel of that Ilk, where his predecessor
Sir Robert Riddel of that Ilk is cautioner for Mow of that Ilk, anno 1270. This
family continued in the possession of the barony of Mow till the time of King
Charles the I. that one of the name of Bell purchased it, and called it Belford.

The last laird of Mow of that Ilk, a great sufferer for King Charles the I. mar-
ried a sister of Sir Akxander Nisbet of that Ilk ; their son was Alexander, design-
ed of Mains in the shire of Berwick, and is recorded in the Lyon Register, repre-
senter of Mow of that Ilk. He bears azure, a boar's head erased argent, armed
gules, betwixt three mullets of the second ; crest, a phoenix rising out of the
flames : motto, Post funerafoenus. His grandson John Mow is the present laird
of Mains.

BROWN of Blackburn in the shire of Berwick, an old family there, carried sable;
a dagger in bend, proper; and in chief, a boar's head erased, argent; crest, a
vine tree, proper : motto, Premium virtutis bonos. L. R.

The name of DOWNIE carries azure, a fesse ingrailed between three boars' heads
erased or. Workman's MS.

PITBLADO of that Ilk carries vert ; a boar's head erased, argent. Ibid.

* It appears from an Act of Sederunt of the Court of Session of nth August 1 789, that Mr William
Mow, W. S. and his brother Mr John Mow of Mains, obtained authority, upon application to their
Lordships, to alter the spelling of their surname from Mow to Mollg ; which last it appeared, from antiera.
family documents, had been the original mode of spelling it. E.

32o OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS.

VERNOR of Auchintinnie, argent, a fesse between three boars' heads couped^
sable. Font's MS.

Boars' heads, with their necks, are now represented fesse-ways, as by their fi-
gures in the Plates,; but, by our old paintings and carvings, they were given with
necks hanging down, couped or erased, as these in the old bearing of Gordon of
Earlston, in Plate of Achievements. Sometimes they are placed pale-ways, that is,
erect, as inthe bearing of the Right Hon. BOOTH Earl of WARRINGTON in England,
who carries argent ; three boars' heads erased and erected sable.

COCHRAN of Balbachly, an old family of the name. I have mentioned him
Balbarchan as above ; and I here repeat his new arms and the old ones used by
the family. Their achievement, as it now stands in the Lyon Register, is argent,
a boar's head erased, and in chief, three mullets disposed cheveron-ways, azure ;
and, for crest, a spear-head and garb crossing other saltier-ways : motto, Armis IS
industria. But 1 have seen the armorial seal of the family appended to a writ in
the year 1614, whereupon was a formal shield charged with a boar's head erased,
and, in chief, three mullets fesse-ways.

The first of this family had the lands of Balbachly given him by King Robert
Bruce, for services done to that Prince ; and upon record is John Cochran of
Barbachlaw, grandson to John of Cochran, who was infeft in these lands, as heir
to John his grandfather, by virtue of a precept dated the 2Oth of October 1472.
The grandfather, John of Cochran, must have lived either in the reign of King
David the II. or of Robert the II. and has been either son or grandson to the per-
son who first got the lands from King Robert Bruce.

The above John Cochran, designed of Balbachly, was succeeded by his son
George, who was infeft in the lands of Balbachly, as heir to his father, in the
year 1506 ; and the succession of the family was continued, as by charters and re-
tours to be seen in the charter-chest of the family, too long here to be narrated ;
and I shall here only mention James Cochran, who was infeft in the barony of
Balbachly, as heir to his father, 1614, a man of bright parts, who was constitut-
ed Sheriff-Principal of the sherifFdom of Linlithgow, by commission under the
Great Seal in the year 1622, and was, for his loyalty, continued in the same office
by King Charles I. He was succeeded by his grandson, Alexander, in the barony
of Balbachly ; and he was succeeded by his son Alexander, father of the present
Alexander Cochran of Balbachly.

OF THE BEAR.

THE Bear, a cruel and fierce beast, by the Latins called Ur.ats, ab urgeo, ob fe-
rociam impetumque ita appellatum, (Hopingius de Jure Insignium^ is frequent in
arms, upon the account, as some say, that the first assumers of that creature for
an armorial figure represented a military man, or one that had overcome a cruel
and vicious enemy, and sometimes upon account that its name is relative to that
of the bearer's. Its posture in arms is ordinarily erect on his hinder feet ; and as
the above-named author speaks of it, " Pedes ursi fortissimi sum, quibus &• rectu-.
" incedit more hominum, &• victa animalia conculcat." For which the French
say, en pied, and is always muzzled, as in the arms of BLANCHART in France, d'or
a Fours en pied de sable, a la tetiere d 'argent ; i. e, or ; a bear erect, sable ; muz-
zled argent. Plate XI. fig. n.

Several counties in Switzerland carry bears, as equivocally relative to their name :
1 he CANTON of BERNE, gules, on a bend or, a bear sable . The CANTON of AP-
PENZEL, or, a bear erect sable. The abbey of St Gall in Switzerland, argent, a
bear erect, and contourne sable. This abbey, says Favin in his Theatre of Honour,
was founded in memory of St Gall, a Scotsman, who taught there the Christian
religion to the inhabitants, and who is still the Patron Saint of that country.

The URSINI in Venice carry azure, two bears erect affronts or ; the BERINEI
in Westphalia, argent, a bear passant sable contourne and collared argent ; as re-
lative to the name.

The head of this beast is more frequent with us than the whole body, which,
as I have said of the heads of other beasts, so of this, that the head supposes the
whole body in armories, and is either erased or couped, and always muzzled*

OF FOUR- LOOTED BEASTS.

The surname of FORBES with us bears azure ; three bears' hc;ui< ompcd
, muzzled gules. These of this name are said, by our historian-., to be originally
from one Ochonacher, \vho tame from Ireland, and, for killing a wild bear, took
the name Forbear, now pronounced Forbes. Skene, in his Treatise de Verborum
Signifaatiotie, at the title Liberitm Teneirientum, tells us, that Duncan Forboi-, got
from King Alexander (but tell.s us not which of the Alexander'-) a charter of th-
lands and heritage of Forbois in Aberdeenshire. And Mr Crawfurd, in his Peerage;
says, by an original charter in the custody of the Lord Forbes, Fergus, the son of
John, got the lands of Forbes from King Alexander II. from whence the sur-
name. The next to be met witli of this family was Alexander Forbes, Governor
of the Castle of Urquhart in Murray ; he defended it bravely for a long time against
Edward 1. of England, who at lust took it, and put all within it to the sword ;
but the Governor's lady, says Hector Boece, being with child, escaped to Ireland,
and there brought forth a son called Alexander, who was the chief and raiser of
the name again, and who came to Scotland, in the reign of Robert the Bruce, to seek
his father's heritage, but could not get it, being before given to others for their
good services ; but in lieu of it he got other lands. This Alexander Forbes of that
Ilk was killed at the battle of Duplin, fighting for the interest of King David
Bruce against Edward Baliol.

The next of the family I have met with is Joannes Forbes de eodern, miles, wit.
ness in a charter which- I have seen, (now penes Comitem de Mortoun) of Isabel
Countess of Marr, of the lands of Bonjedworth, to Thomas Douglas, son of John,
and her beloved sister Margaret, of the date the ioth of November 1404. Which
Sir John Forbes married a daughter of Kennedy of Dunnure, by whom he had three
sons, Alexander Forbes his successor, William the ancestor of Pitsligo, and John
the founder of the family of Tolquhon.

Which ALEXANDER was father of James who was knighted by King James III.
and was the first Lord FORBES. He had two sons by a daughter of William Earl
Marischal, William his successor, and Patrick the first of the family of Corse.
William, second Lord Forbes, married Christian Gordon, a daughter of the Earl
of Huntly ; and with her he had four sons, Alexander, Arthur, and John, all
three successively Lords, and Duncan, ancestor of the Forbesses of Corsindae ; the
first two died without issue, and John became Lord Forbes, to whom King James
IV. gives a charter of confirmation of the barony of King-Edwards, wherein
that King tells, that these lands " fuerunt quondam AJexandri Forbes militis,
" proavi &• predecessoris dicti Johannis Domini Forbes, per hereditariam infeoda-
" tionem, chartam &• sasinam, dicto quondam Alexandra, per quondam Johan-
" nem Stewart Comitem Buchanue, & baroniae de Kinedward, desuper confectam
u cum confirmatione progenitoris nostri Jacobi Regis primi, sub magno sigillo ;"
for which see Haddington's Collections, p. 389. Of whom is descended the present
Lord Forbes, who carries azure, three bears' heads couped argent, muzzled gules,
supported by two greyhounds argent, collared gules ; crest, a stag's head attired,
proper : motto, Grace me guide.

The armorial bearings of the cadets of this family which I have met with in
our ancient and modern books are these :

FORBES Lord PITSLIGO carries quarterly, first and fourth Forbes, with a crescent
for difference ; second and third azure, three cinquefoils argent, for Frazer ; sup-
porters, two bears, proper ; crest, a falcon, proper : motto, Altius ibunt qui ad
summci nituntur. And at other times, for a crest, a hand holding a sword, proper;
with the motto, Nee timidenec teniere.

The first of this family was Sir WILLIAM FORBES, second brother to Sir Alexan-
der Forbes of that Ilk. In the reign of King James- I. he married Margaret
Fraser, only daughter of Sir William Fraser of Philorth, and got with her these
lands, for which the family quarters the Frasers' arms with their own ; and the
family was afterwards dignified with the title of Lord Pitsligo by King Charles I.
the 24th of June 1633, in the person of Sir Alexander Forbes ; of him is lineally
descended Alexander the present Lord Pitsligo.

FORBES of Corsindae, descended of Duncan Forbes, fourth son of William Lord
Forbes, carried the Forbcss's arms, with a crescent for difference; and for crest^,
a bear's head ; with the motto, Spe expecto. Font's MS.

4 M

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS..

FORBES of Corse, the first of which branch was Patrick, second son of James,
first Lord Forbes, and his lady, a daughter of William Earl Marischal, carried
azure, a cross couped or; (Pont makes the cross a patee one, fitched) bet-ween
three bears' heads couped argent, muzzled gules ; and for crest, a wreath or crown
of thorns ; with the motto, Hosts coronat spina. N. R.

Sir JOHN FORBES of Monymusk, Bart, descended of the Forbesses of Carsindae,
carries azure, on a cheveron between three bears' heads coupea argent, muzzled
gules, a man's heart, proper, with wings or : motto, Spe expecto. New Register.

Sir ALEXANDER FORBES of Tolquhon carries, quarterly, first and fourth Forbes,
second and third argent, three unicorns' heads erased sable, for marrying Mar-
jory, the heiress of Sir Henry Preston of Formartin ; supported by two grey-
hounds, proper, collared gules ; crest, a stag's head attired with ten tynes, proper :
motto, Salus per Christum. Ibid.

Sir JOHN FORBES of Waterton bears, quarterly, as Tolquhon, and, by way of
surtout, an escutcheon argent, charged with a sword and key saltier-ways gules, as
Constable of Aberdeen, by succeeding to the lands of Cairnmuch, and in which
office he was established by Act of Parliament ; crest, an eagle displayed sable :
motto, l^irtuti inimica quies. Ibid.

FORBES of Culloden, descended of Tolquhon, bears azure, on a cheveron be-
twixt three bears' heads couped argent, muzzled gules, as many unicorns' heads
erased sable ; crest, an eagle displayed or : motto, Salus per Christum. Ibid.

Sir ALEXANDER FORBES of Foveran, Bart, descended of Tolquhon, carries the
quartered arms of Tolquhon ; and, in the centre of the arms of Forbes, a cross
patee argent, for difference ; crest, a cross patee argent : motto, Salus per Christum.
See Plate of Achievements.

THOMAS FORBES of Auchreddy, descended of Tolquhon, carries the quartered
arms of Tolquhon, all within a bordure cheque, argent and gules ; crest, a small
sword bend-ways, proper : motto, Scienter utor. Ibid,

ALEXANDER FORBES of Savock, second son of Forbes of Craigie, who was a se-
cond son of the family of Tolquhon, carries the quartered arms of Tolquhon ; and,,
for difference, a crescent surmounted of another. Ibid.

FORBES of Ballogie, descended of the family of Tolquhon, parted per fesse, azure
and argent, on the first Forbes, and on the second Preston ; crest, a sheaf of arrows,
proper ; with the motto, Concordia prcesto. Ibid.

JOHN FORBES of Balrluig, a cadet of Monymusk, azure, a cheveron between three
bears' heads couped argent, muzzled gules, a man's heart, proper, between two
skeins, or daggers, of the first, pommelled or; crest, a skein piercing a man's
heart, proper : motto, Non deest spes. Ibid.

ARTHUR FORBES of Riras, descended of Pitsligo, quarterly, first and fourth or, a
lion rampant gules, for Wemyss of Rires; second and third Forbes ; crest, a grey-
hound passant, proper : motto, Dilectatio. Ibid.

ARTHUR FORBES of Eight, azure, a fesse cheque, argent and gules, between three-
bears' heads couped of the second, and muzzled of the third ; crest, a sand-glass,
proper : motto, Fugit bora. Ibid.

ROBERT FORBES of Robslaw, sometime Provost of Aberdeen, azure, a skein fesse
argent, hiked and pommelled or, between three bears' heads couped of the second,
and muzzled sable; crest, a dove, proper: motto, J-'irtnte cresco. Ibid*

FORBES of Millbuy, azure, a skein pale-ways, with a wolf's head couped or, on
the point, between three bears' heads couped argent, muzzled gules ; crest, a bear's
head couped, as the former, within an ode of olive branches vert: motto, Virtutc.
nonferocia. Ibid.

FORBES of Craigievar, in Aberdeenshire, azure, three bears' heads couped argent,
muzzled sable, in the centre a cross patee fitcbe. of the second ; crest, a cock, pro-
per : motto, Watch. Ibid. This family is descended of Forbes of Corse, as also
the following :

FORBES Viscount of GRANARD, in Ireland, azure, three bears' heads couped argent,
muzzled sable; crest, a bear passant argent, seme of gouttes de sang, supported on the
right by an unicorn or, powdered with ermine spots sable, and on the sinister by
a dragon ermine: motto, Fax mentis incendiwn gloria.. Sir George Mackenzie,

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS.

Those also or the surname of MACKAY carry bear-heads of the same- tincture and
tu Id with the Forbcsses, upon the account they derive their descent from one Alex-
ander, a younger son of Ochomicher, the progenitor also of the Forb'-ssc*, who came
from Ireland to Scotland about the end of the twelfth century.

The fourth in descent from the abovementioned Alexander, was, Donald oi
Strathnaver, (as by the Manuscript of the Family) whose son and successor wu
Y More ; from him begun the surname of Mackay, (/. e. I' bis sort*), whose great-
grandchild \\as Angus Mackay, father of Y, alias Odo Mackay : He was much in
favour with King James IV. who gave to him the lands of Alexander Sutherland
of Delred, as by a charter of the date 1499, (in rotulis Juc<iln ^narti'), " Dedisse,
" concessisse &• confirmasse Odoni Mackay &- heredibus suis, terras de Farre.
" Strathie, Kyneve, Kynned, Gosespie, Dilrit, &c. qua- quidein ternc fuerunt
" quondam dicti Alexandri Sutheraland hereditarie, &- nunc nobis pertinent
" in manibus nostris legitime devenerunt, ratione forisfacturte dicti Alexandri," 6-c.
From this Odo was lineally descended Sir Donald Mackay of Farre, a valiant man, and
of great honour : He, by a warrant of King Charles I. took over into Germany a
regiment of 2000 men of his own name and followers, to the assistance of the King
and Queen of Bohemia, in the year 1626; and thereafter ht entered into the ser-
vice ot the King of Denmark against the Emperor : And after that war ended, he
served with his own regiment under Gustavus, the King of Sweden, with singular
valour and success. King Charles I. created him a Knight-Baronet, 28th of
March 1627, and the year following, for his great merit, a Peer of Scotland, by
the title of Lord Reay. He died in the year 1649, leaving issue by Barbara, his
lady, a daughter of Kenneth Lord Kintail, afterwards Earl of Seaforth, JOHN his
successor, second Lord Rae, who married Barbara, sister to General Hugh Mackay,
by whom he had Donald, master of Rae, who died before his father, leaving issue
by his lady, a daughter of Sir George Monro of Culrain, GEOROE the present Lord
Rae.

Their achievements, since the family was dignified, are azure, on a cheveron or,
accompanied with three bears' heads couped argent, muzzled gules, a roebuck's
head erased, for the title of Rae, between two hands holding daggers, all proper ;
and for crest, a right hand holding up a dagger pale-ways, proper : motto, Manu
forti ; supporters, two men in a military dress, holding muskets in sentry postiu
See Plate of Achievements

GALBRAITH of Giltroyck, gules, three bears' heads erased argent, muzzled azure.
Font's MS. There was one Galbraith Governor of the Upper Castle of Dumbar-
ton, in the reign of King James II.

GALBRAITH of Kilchrich, gules, three bears' heads erased argent, muzzled sable:
Illuminated in the House of Falahall.

The name of LANGHAM, in England, argent, three bears' heads erased sable, and
muzzled or. Art. Her.

THE WOLF,

A RAVENOUS creature. Its posture in armories is ordinarily erect, and so said to
be rampant, and sometimes passant or coucbant ; it is carried by many families, as-
relative to their names. The country of BISCAY, bears argent, an oak tree vert,
surmounted by two wolves passant gules. The tree is the ancient figure of Arra-
gon, and the two wolves are in allusion to Lopez, the surname of the Lords of
Biscay.

The LUPII in France carry azure, a wolf rampant or : The Woi.n in Franconia,
sable, a wolf salient, and contourne argent.

With us the surname of DUMBRKCK carries argent, a dagger thrust into the back,
of a wolf passant sable. W. MS.

Heads of wolves are more frequent with us in arms, and have their necks hang-
ing down, to distinguish them from the heads of other beasts.

ROBERTSON of Struan carries gules, three wolves' heads erased argent, armed and
langued azure; crest, a dexter hand holding up an imperial crown, proper: motto.
t'irtutis gloria merces. N. R. The first of this family is said to be one Duncan.

324

FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS.

Macdonald, who got the lands of Struan in Perthshire for killing of wolves. Robert,,
one of the heads of the family, apprehended one of the murderers of King James
I. upon which account the family of Struan has since borne a wild man chained,
lying under the escutcheon of their arms.

ALEXANDER ROBERTSON of Faskally, descended of Struan, carries as Struan,
within a bordure ingrailed argent; crest, a phcenix issuing out of a flame of tire,
proper : motto, Postfunera virtus. Ibid.

GILBERT ROBERTSON of Muirton, descended of the family of Struan, bears gules,.
three crescents interlaced or, between three wolves' heads, as before, all within a
bordure argent, charged with eight mullets of the first ; crest, a dexter hand
issuing out of a cloud, holding a garb, proper : motto, Perseveranti dabitur. Ibid.

Mr JAMES ROBERTSON of Newbigging, descended of Struan, carries as Struan,
within a bordure ingvailed argent; crest, a hand, proper, charged with a crescent
urgent, and holding up an imperial crown or: motto, Virtutis gloria merces. Ibid.

JOHN ROBERTSON, Writer in Edinburgh, and portioner of Tranent, parted per
cheveron, gules and argent, three wolves' heads erased, two in chief, and one in
base, counter-charged of the same, armed and langued azure; crest, a dexter hand
holding a crescent, proper : motto, ^ueeque flavilla micat. Ibid.

SKENE of that Ilk, in Aberdeenshire, carries gules, three dirks, or skeins, pale-
ways in fesse argent, hiked and pommelled or, supported of as many wolves' heads,
of the third ; crest, a dexter arm from the shoulder, issuing out of a cloud, hold-
ing forth in the hand a triumphant crown or garland, proper : motto, Virtutis regia
merces; supported on the dexter by a Highlandman in his proper garb, holding a
skein in his right hand, in a guarding posture, and supported on the sinister by
another in a servile habit, his target on the left arm, and the darlach by the right
side, all proper. New Register.

The first of this family is said to have been of the family of Macdonald, who
killed, with a skein, a wolf in presence of one of our kings, from whence he took
his surname Skene, and called his lands in Aberdeenshire after his name.. John U
Skeen was one of the Arbitrators at Berwick, between the Bruce and the Baliol, as in.
Prynne's History.

I have seen a principal charter granted by King Robert the Bruce, the i2th year
of his reign, Roberto de Skeen dilecto y fideli nostro, pro homagio i£ servitio suo, of
the lands of Skene, with the loch and fishing thereof, and erected them into a free
barony.

JOHN SKENE of Halyards, descended of Skene of that Ilk, carvi.es as Skene of that
Ilk, with a crescent for difference ; crest, a dexter hand, proper, holding a dagger-
as the former : motto, Virtutis regia merces. N. R.

GEORGE SKENE of Easter-Fintray bears the same with Skene of that Ilk, with
the addition of a cheveron argent; crest, a dexter hand holding a garland, proper:
motto, Gratis a Deo data. L. R.

Mr ALEXANDER SKENE of Newtile, parted per cheveron, argent and gules, three
skeins surmounted as before, with as many wolves' heads, and counter-changed:
crest, a hand holding a laurel crown : motto, Sors mihi grata cadet. Ibid.

ROBERT SKENE of Ramore, descended of a second brother of the House of Skene,
bears Skene, within a bordure invected argent ; crest, a birch tree, environed with
stalks of oats, all growing out of a mount, proper: motto, Sub montibus altis.

ALEXANDER SKENE of Dyce, descended of Skene of that Ilk, carries Skene, with-
in a bordure ingrailed argent; crest, a garb, proper: motto, Assiduitate. Lyon Re-
gister.

DONALD BAINE of Tulloch carries azure, a wolf's head erased or, armed and lan-
gued gules ; crest, a dexter hand grasping a dirk or: motto, Et Marte 13 arte. New
Register.

Mr JOHN BAINE of Pitcairlie, descended of Tulloch, bears as Tulloch, within
a bordure counter-componed, azure and or; with crest and motto the same..
Ibid.

M'QuEEN bears argent, three wolves' heads couped sable. Og. MS.

The name of MIDDLETON, in England, bears argent, on a bend vert, three wolves*
heads erased of the field. Art. Her.

OF F OUR-FOOTED BEASTS.

OF THE FOX.

I in: fox is used in armories for his wit, and as relative to the name of the
bearer. The name of Fox, in England, bears or, three foxes' heads e rased gules.

The name of WYLLIK with us, carries azure, a bend between a fox entrant in.
chief, and two mullets in base argent. Lyon Register.

The name of TOD with us, signifying the same with Fox in England, carries
argent, three foxes' heads couped gules. Pout's MS.

Mr JOHN TOD, by order of King Robert the Bruce, got from Sir Alexander
Seaton of that Ilk, Governor and Feuar of the town of Berwick, nineteen pounds
six shillings and eight pennies, for relieving his children, captives in England, as
by an article in Sir Alexander Seaton liis accounts in the Borough Rolls of Ex-
chequer, in the year 1328.

The name of SCHEVKZ with us, of which there was a family designed of Muirton, and
another family of that name, designed of Kemback in File, and of Kilwhiss, there ;
of the last mentioned family was William Schevez Archbishop of St Andrew's :
Which families carried arms relative to the name, sable, three civet-cats passant in
pale argent.

Let these instances of carrying such creatures be sufficient, since they have no
other proper terms in blazon than those already given ; and I proceed to others,
which have terms peculiar to themselves.

OF THE DOC,

OF which there are two sorts, household-dogs and hunting-dogs : For examples of
the first, I shall mention those in the fourth quarter of the achievement of the
Count of WEISENWOLF in Germany, who carries gules, two mastiff dogs salient
adosse argent, and collared or; which ImhofF gives us thus, In quarta area, rubca :
duos molossos argenteot, aversos, 13 mil '/is colligates salientes.

The town of DAM in Flanders has a dog in its arms, as relative to its old name,
Hondes Dam, j. e. Dog's Sluice.

The dog is often used in devices,, as the emblem of vigilance and fidelity, for
which they are also carried in arms ; but the dogs of chace are more frequent than
the former, and are looked upon as more honourable, in showing their owners to
be noble, and to have a right to hunting : Their postures in armories are either
passant, courant, or salient ; and for the most part, they have collars about their
necks, for which the French say accollee, and we, collared.

HUNTER of Hunterston, carries vert, three dogs of chace argent, 2 and i, collared
or, on a chief of the second, three hunting-horns of the first, stringed gules..
Font's MS. And there,

HUNTER, of Ballagan carries argent, three hunting-horns vert, stringed gules.

As for the antiquity of the name, Giiliclmus Fenator, which I take for HUNTER, is
;i witness in a charter of erection of the Bishopric of Glasgow, by David L
when he was Prince of Cumberland. In a charter of King Alexander II. of the
lands of Manners, to William Baddeby, upon the resignation of Nicol Corbet, of
those lands and others, the lands of Norman Hunter are exempted, as the charter
bears, " Quas Nicolaus Corbat nobis reddidit, excepta terra quondam Normani
" Venatoris, quam Malcolmus, frater regis Willielmi, ei dedit." For which see
Had. Collect.

JOHN CLAYHILLS of Inner-Gowrie, sometime Bailie of Dundee, bears parted per
bend, sanguine and vert, two greyhounds courant bend-ways argent. N. R.

ALEXANDER UDNEY' of that Ilk, representer of an ancient family in the shire
of Aberdeen, carries gules, two greyhounds counter-salient argent, the dexter sur-
mounted of the sinister saltier-ways, collared of the field, and, in the chief point,
a stag's head couped, attired with ten tynes, all betwixt three flower-de-luces, two
in chief, and one in base or; crest, a flower-de-luce gules; supporters, two savages,
proper, wreathed about the head and middle with laurel vert, holding in their
hands clubs, proper : motto, All my hope is in God. N. R.

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS.

ROBERT UDNEY of Auchterallan, a second son of Udney of that Ilk, carries the
same, without the supporters, with a crescent for difference. Ibid.

WILLIAM CORSTORPHINE, Portioner of Kingsbarns, carries vert, a greyhound
salient between three hunting-horns argent. Ibid.

BEASTS OF THE GAME.

SUCH as stags, bucks, harts, deers, hares, &c. are carried in arms, not only upon
the account of their natural good qualities, but as signs of the bearer's jurisdiction
and liberty of hunting in forests and parks; their postures in arms are either passant,
tripping, standing at gaze, courant, springing, and couch ant.

Passant or tripping is, when they have their right fore-foot lifted up, and the
other three, as it were, on the ground.

TR.OUP of that Ilk carries vert, three bucks passant argent, ^ and r. This an-
cient family ended in an heiress, who was married to a younger son of Keith Earl
Marischal.

When the horns of those creatures are of a different tincture from their bodies,
they are then said to be attired, and the branches of their horns are called tynes ;
and, when their hoofs are of a different tincture, they are said to be unguled.

The name of PARKHILL carries argent, a stag tripping, proper, attired and un-
guled or. Mr Thomas Crawfurd's MS.

STRACHAN of Thornton in the Merns carries azure, a stag tripping or, attired
and unguled gules. Ibid. See Plate of Achievements.

In the New Register, Sir JAMES STRACHAN of Thornton, Minister at Keith in
the North, carries or, an hart standing at a gaze azure, attired sable. Lyon Re-
gister.

SIR ALEXANDER STRACHAN of Glenkindie, Knight, bears azure, a hart tripping
or, attired and unguled gules ; crest, a hart standing at a gaze as the former :
motto, Non timeo sed caveo. Ibid. See Plate of Achievements.

There is a charter in the custody of Sir Alexander Strachan of Glenkindie for
instructing the antiquity of his family, which I have seen, granted by Thomas Earl
of Man-, to Adam Strachan and his wife, Margaret, the Earl's cousin, and to the
children to be got by him on her, of the lands of Glenkenety, (now wrote Glend-
kindie) and a part of the lands of Glenbowel, then called Rumor ; the charter
wants a date ; but, by the granter and witness, it appears to have been granted in
the reign of King David II.

Standing at a gaze is said when these creatures stand with their four feet on
the ground. The name of JONES, in England, carries sable, a stag standing at a
gaze argent. Art. Her.

When they are represented lying down, they are said to be couchant or lodged.

The name of HVSLOP carries argent, a stag, proper, lodged under a holly tree
growing out of the base vert ; and Archibald Hyslop, Stationer in Edinburgh,
carries the same with a chief vert, charged with a book or, between two stars
argent. New Register.

DAVID FAIRNIE of Farlogie carries azure, a stag argent, lodged within a grove
of trees vert, and, in chief, tliree stars of the second; crest, a greyhound courant,
proper : motto, ^uiesccns i3 vigHans. L. R.

The name of TULLIDEFF carries azure, a hind couchant or, between two stars in
chief, and a crescent in base argent. Font's MS.

The name of DAVIDSON carries azure on a fesse argent between three
pheons or, a buck couchant gules. Workman's Manuscript, and in the New Re-
gister.

Sir WILLIAM DAVIDSON of Curriehill, Baronet, carries the same, and, in the
dexter canton, the arms of Ulster, being argent, a sinister hand couped gules, as
being a Baronet of England ; crest, a youth from the middle holding in his right
hand a man's heart, all proper : motto, Sapienter si sincere'.

ALEXANDER DAVIDSON of Cairnbrogie, Advocate, carries azure on a fesse couped
argent, between three pheons or, a buck couchant gules, and attired sable. Ibid.

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS.

RoiitRT DAVIDSON of Balgay, near Dundee, bears azure, OH a fesse between
three pheons argent, a stag coucbunt gules, attired with ten tynes or ; crest, a fal-
con's head couped, proper : mytto, / 'iget in cinere virtus.

The name of HAK.THJLL, in England, bears argent, a hart lodged gules, on y
green mount in base.

When deers, bucks, harts, &c. are running, they are said to be courant, or, iit
full course, as the surname of RAE bears argent, three roebucks in full cour^e.^v.
The same is carried by Major Adam Rae; and, for crest, a buck standing at ga^e,
proper, motto, In omnia prompt us. L. R.

When these beasts of game are erect on their hinder feet, they are said to be
springing or salient.

The name of STRATHAI.LAN carries azure, a hart springing or. Og. MS.

The name of GILSTAND in England, bears vert, a hart springing argent.

The heads of these creatures are carried couped, erased, and frequently trunkrd
or cabossed, as some say, which is the same.

BALLENDEN of Auchinoule, bears gules, a buck's head couped between three
cross croslets fitched or. Font's MS.

Thomas Ballenden of Auchinoule, was Justice-Clerk and Director of the Chancery,
anno 1541. Sir John, his son and heir, was also Justice-Clerk in the reign of
Cnieen Mary and King James VI. His son again was Sir Lewis, who was one
of the Senators of the College of Justice, father of Sir James, who married a sister
of the first Earl of Roxburgh, by whom he had

Sir WILLIAM BALLENDEN of Broughton, Treasurer-Depute in the reign of King
Charles II. and by that King created Lord Ballenden, anno 1661 ; he carried
gules, a hart's head couped between three cross croslets, all within a double tres-
sure, counter-flowered with ilower-de-luces or ; supporters, two women in rich ha-
bits, representing peace and justice : motto, Sic itur ad astra.

WILLIAM Lord BALLENDEN adopted John Ker, younger son of William Earl of
Roxburgh, and settled his estate upon him; and, in the year 1670, upon the death
of William Lord Ballenden, Mr John took upon him the name and arms, and succeed-
ed to the e.state and honours, and carried his coat of arms as is above blazoned ;
and he again is succeeded by his son, the present Lord Ballenden, who does the

As for the names of Ballenden and Bannantine, they seem to me to be one,
though they have different bearings.

I am of opinion that the hart's head, carried by the Ballendens of Broughton, is
the armorial figure used by the abbacy of Holyroodhouse, and the baronies be-
longing thereto, such as the Canongate and Broughton ; and that figure, assumed by
Ballenden, is upon account of the last barony which was in the possession of the
family of Auchinoule, as soon as they became great, upon the Reformation.

The story about the rise of these arms of Holyroodhouse is thus ;

King David I. commonly called the Saint, being a-hunting on Holyrood-day,
near to Edinburgh, there appeared a hart or a stag with a cross betwixt his horns,
which run at the king so furiously, and dismounted him from his horse, that he
was in hazard of being killed, if one of his attendants, Sir Gregan Crawfurd, had
not interposed : The pious king, taking this as a reproof for hunting on such a
holyday, erected a church on the place, called Holyroodhouse, monasterium sancta-
crucis, in 1128, and the head of a stag, with a cross between his horns, became
the badge of that abbacy and its baronies ; as also the armorial figures of Sir Gre-
gan Crawfurd, and all his descendants, who carry argent, a stag's head erased with
a cross croslet between his attires gules, to perpetuate the happy event in Sir Gre-
gan's delivering King David ; so that he and his posterity laid aside their paternal
bearing, gules, a fesse ermine, carried by another branch of the name, of which
before.

CRAWFURD of Kerse, as descended of Sir Gregan, carries- argent, a stag's head
erased g ules; and Crawfurd of Drumsoy bears the same.

CRAWVURD of Comlarg carries argent, a stag's head erased .able, attired or,
distilling drops of blood; crest, a dexter hand issuing out of a cloud, grasping a
hart by the horns, and bearing him to the ground, all proper; with the motto.
littuni te robore reddam. L. R.

3-28 OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS.

The name of CAIRNCROSS, in old charters writ Carnea Crux, of which there was a
Bishop of Ross, and an Abbot of Holyroodhouse, and other barons of that name,
carried the same arms with the abbacy of Holyroodhouse. As

ANDREW CAIRNCROSS of Cowmslie, argent, a stag's head erased, and, between the
attiring or horns, a cross ci'osletjitcbe, surmounted on the top with a mullet gules:
motto, Recte faciendo neminem timeo. N. R.

PATRICK CAIRNCROSS of Balmashanen, azure, a stag's head erased argent, attired
<jr, with a cross croslet betwixt them ; crest, a dagger erect, proper : motto, Certa-
mine parta. Ibid.

GEORGE PARK of Fulfordlies, descended of the family of Parkswells, carries or,
a fesse cheque, guh's and argent, between three bucks' heads cabossed, all within a
bordure of the second : motto, Providentia; me committo. New Register.

AHANNAY of old, now writ HANNAY ; the principal family of the name was
Ahanny of Sorbie, an old family in Galloway, carried, as in Pout's MS. argent,
three roebucks' heads couped Nzure, collared or, with a bell pendent thereat gules*
But on the frontispiece of a book of curious poems, printed in anno 1622, and
written by Mr Patrick Hannay, grandson of Donald Hannay of Sorbie, are his
arms in taille-douce, with his picture, being argent, three roebucks' heads couped
azure, with a mullet in the collar point, for his difference ; his father being a younger
son of Hannay of Sorbie, with a cross croslet fitched, issuing out of a crescent
sable ; for crest and motto relative thereto, Per ardua ad aha.

The lands of Sorbie are now possessed by others ; but the family is at present
represented by Mr Robert Hannay of Kingsmuir in Fife, who carries the last
blazon without the mullet, and the same crest, with this motto, Cresco & spero.
As in Plate of Achievements.

There is another family of the name still in Galloway, descended of Sorbie, vi/.
HANNAY of Kirkdole : but with what difference he carries the arms of Sorbie I
know not.

The name of ROGER, sable, a stag's head erased argent, attired or, holding a
mullet in his mouth of the last. Font's MS.

Others of that name give or, a fesse wavey, between three bucks passant sable.

JOHN COUTTS, sometime Provost of Montrose, carries argent, a stag's head erased
gules, and, between the attirings, a pheon azure, all within a bordure ingrailed of
the second. N. R.

The name of COUDEN, gules, a cheveron between three stags' heads erased
argent. Font's MS.

PORTEOUS of Halkshaw, azure , three harts' (or stags') heads couped argent, attired
with ten tynes or. Ibid.

GEORGE PORTEOUS of Craig-Lockhart, one of his Majesty's Herald-Painters,
azure, a thistle between three bucks' heads erased or; crest, a turtle-dove with
an olive branch in her beak, all proper : motto, / wait my time. Lyon Register.

Caboched, cabossed, or caborsed and trunked, are allowed for the heads of beasts
whicli are represented full-faced, and show no part of their necks. The term ca-
bossed is said to be from an old French word, caboche, which signifies the head ;
but the French use the word massacre, for a head caboched, which, Menestrier
says, is a term of hunting crept into heraldry ; for the heads of stags, harts, and
other beasts of game, which are due to the huntsman, are called massacre. The
Latins, for heads cabossed, say Capita ora obvertentia, or obversum caput ; and, by
some, caput truncatum.

The MACKENZIES carry azure, a deer's head cabossed or. The first of this ho-
nourable name was one Colin Fitzgerald, son to the Earl of Kildare, or Desmond,
in Ireland, who signalized himself by his bravery for the Scots against the Danes,
at the battle of Largs, in the year 1263 ; so that King Alexander II. took him
into favour, and bestowed upon him the lands of Kintail in Ross-shire. His son
was Kenneth, and again, his son Kenneth, father of Murdo, designed in the char-
ters of King David Bruce,//zwj- Kenneth; by the Highlanders, Mackenneth; and
by those in the Lowlands, Mackenzies, as were all the descendants in the lineal
and collateral lines of the family, and which were numerous in a short time.

ALEXANDER MACKENZIE of Kintail, in a lineal descent, head of the family, was
killed at Flodden with King James IV. gth of September 1513, leaving John

OF FOUK- LOOTED BEASTS. 3^9

his sort and heir, father of Kenneth, who, hy his wife Elizabeth, daughter of John
Stewart Earl of Athol, had Colin, hi* son and successor, a firm loyalist for Queen
Mary. His eldest son and successor was Kenneth, who, for his father's and his
own merit, was honoured by King James VI. with the dignity and title of
Lord Mackenzie of Kintail, I9th of November 1609. He had issue by his Ii;st
wife, a daughter of Ross of Balnagown, Colin his successor, who died, i
only daughters; and by his second wife, a daughter of Ogilvie of Powric, Gem
thereafter Earl of Seaforth, who married a daughter of the Lord Forbes by whom
he had George, his successor, and Colin Mackenzie, father of the worthy Doctor
George Mackenzie, author of the two volumes of Biography of his learned coun-
trymen.

From George Earl of Seaforth was lineally descended Kenneth Karl of Seaforth,
who by King James Vll. was chosen and invested one of the Knights Companions
of the most ancient Order of the Thistle, 1687, and afterwards honoured with the
title of Marquis of Seaforth ; but the letters patent could not pass the seals here.
He married Frances Herbert, daughter of William Marquis of Powis in England,
by whom he had Kenneth his son, who succeeded to his estate and dignity 1701.

The achievement of the family is azure, a. deer's head cabossed or; crest, a
mountain in flames, proper ; supporters, two savages wreathed about the head and
middle with laurel, with clubs erect in their hands, and fire issuing out of the top
of them, all proper ; and for motto, Luceo non uro.

From this noble family are branched many honourable families of the name of
Mackenzie ; these 1 shall here only mention whose arms I have met with on re-
eord.

GEORGE MACKENZIE Earl of CROMARTY, Viscount of Tr'bat, Lord M'Leod and
Castlehaven, lineally descended from Sir Roderick Mackenzie, a second son of Sir
Colin Mackenzie of Kintail, one of the progenitors of the Earl of Seaforth, carried,
quarterly, first or, a rock in flames, proper, for I'-l'Leod ; second azure, a bin k
head cabossed or, for Mackenzie ; third gules, three legs of a man armed, proper,
conjoined in the centre at the upper part of the thighs, flexed in triangle, garnished
and spurred or, formerly belonging to the M'Leod's, as old possessors of the Isle of .
Man ; fourth argent, on a pale sable, an imperial crown within a double tressure,
flowered and counter-flowered with flower-de-luces gules, for Erskine of Innertail,
as a coat of alliance ; supporters, two savages wreathed about the middle with
laurel, holding battons over their shoulders, proper j crest, the sun in his splendour :
motto, Luceo non uro.

The renowned Sir GEORGE MACKENZIE of Rosehaugh, Knight, Advocate to their
Majesties Charles II. and James VII. son of Simon Mackenzie of Lochslyne, brother
to George, second Earl of Seaforth, bears azure, a deer's head cabossed or, within
two laurel branches disposed orle-wavs of the last ; crest, an eagle rising from a
rock, proper : motto, Firma if ardua. L. R.

Sir RODERICK MACKENZIE of Findon, son of Mr Alexander Mackenzie of Kilcoy,
brother to the Lord Mackenzie of Kintail, progenitor of the Earls of Seaforth,
bears Mackenzie, within a bordure or, charged with eight crescents azure ; crest, a
crescent argent : motto, Crescitque virtute. L. R.

COLIN MACKENZIE of Redcastle, whose great-grandfather was Roderick Mac-
kenzie of that Ilk, predecessor to the Earl of Seaforth, bears Mackenzie, within a
bordure cheque, or and azure; crest, a man's heart in flames, within two palm
branches, disposed orle-ways, all proper : motto, Ferendum if sperandum. Ibid.

Sir ALEXANDER MACKENZIE of Coul, Baronet, descended of Seaforth; the first of
which family married the daughter and heiress of Chisholm of Comar. He car-
ries, quarterly, first and fourth Mackenzie ; second and third gules, a boar's head
couped argent, for Chisholm ; crest, a boar's erected or, between the attirings of a
stag fixed to the scalp sable: motto, Pulchrior ex arduis. N. R.

Mr JOHN MACKENZIE of Delvin, one of the principal Clerks of the Session, third
lawful son to Sir Kenneth Mackenzie of Coull, bears his father's quartered arms,
within a bordure nebule argent \ crest, a man's arm issuing from the torce near
the shoulder, and holding a dart, all proper : motto, Rfctt ad ardua. Lyon Re-
gister.

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS.

KENNETH MACKENZIE of Suddy, descended of Seaforth, carries Mackenzie, \viih
in u bordure embattled or; crest, a dexter hand grasping a sword in bend, proper:
motto, Sic- itur ad astra. Ibid.

The surname of THOMSON carries argent, a stag's head cabossed gules, attired or,
iii.J, on a chief azure, a cross croslet fitched of the third, between two spur-rowels
of the first. Font's MS.

The name of DINGWALL carries azure, a buck's head cabossed or, between three
spur-rowcla argent. Font's MS.

The horns or attires of beasts are frequently borne in arms ; Sylvester Petra
Sancta, treating of them, says, " Cornua autem, spolia venatorum, non postrema,
"- &• qui ideo in virorum nobilium tesseris gentilitii's immigrarunt ;" of which he
gives us several examples borne by noble families in the empire, as those of VIR-
TEMBERI, or, three attires of a hart in fesse sable; thus blazoned in French upon
the margin of his book, d'or a trois perches de cerf, misss en faces de sable.

The surname of BOYLE, with us, bears or, three harts' horns gules, situate fesse-
ways, 2 and i. The principal family of the name is Boyle of Kelburn, of an old
standing in the sheriffdom of Ayr. In the reign of Alexander the 111. they pos-
sessed the lands of Kelburn ; for, in writs about that time, mention is made of
Ricfirdus Boyle, D(-;iinus de Caulburn, i. e. Kelburn : as in an acquittance from
Walterus Cummin, Dominus de Rnugallan, i. e. Rowallan : And, in the charter-chest
of my Lord Glasgow, there is a charter of Hugo Boyle, in anno 1399, whereby he
makes a mortification to the monks of Paisley for the welfare of his soul.

This family continued down in a direct line till the reign of King Charles I.
that John Boyle of Kelburn, having no male-issue, married his only daughter and
heiress, Grissel Boyle, ito David Boyle of Halkshill, a cadet of his own family, his
great-grandfather being a brother of it ; whose grandchild, DAVID BOYLE of Kel-
burn, in the year 1699, was created Lord Boyle, and afterwards, in the year 1703.
Earl of GLASGOW, Viscount of Kelburn, Lord Boyle of Stewarton. He carries,
quarterly, first and fourth or, an eagle displayed gules, as a coat of augmentation,
upon his creation as Earl, being formerly the crest of the family ; second and
third, parted per bend crenelle, argent and gules, for the surname of Boyle in
England, as a coat of affection with the Boyles in England ; and, over all, by wav
of surtout, an escutcheon or, three harts' horns gules, 2 and i, the paternal coat of
Boyle of Kelburn ; which arms are supported on the dexter by a savage, proper,
and on the sinister by a lion rampant, parted per bend crenelle, argent and gules ;
crest, an eagle, with two heads and necks displayed, parted per pale crenelle, or and
gules: motto, Dominus providebit.

The name of COCKS, in England, carries argent, a cheveron between three attires
of stags fixed to the scalps azure.

Having treated of beasts of the game with horns, I shall proceed to others \\'th
out horns, carried in arms with us and other countries.

The -bare is carried in arms by an old family with us, of the name of CLHLANU
of that Ilk, in the county of Lanark; it is said they were hereditary foresters to
the old Earls of Douglas, which gave rise to their arms. After the death of Alex-
ander III. James Cleland of Cleland joined with William Wallace against the
English, for the relief of his country, as in Mr Blair's History of Wallace. He after-
wards stood firm in his loyalty for King Robert the Bruce ; and, for his good ser-
vice, that king gave to him several lands lying within the barony of Calder in
West-Lothian. From him was descended William Cleland of that Ilk, who, in the
reign of King James III. married Jean, daughter of William Lord Somerville,
(as in the Manuscript of that Family). From them branched Cleland of Faskme,
Cleland of Monkland, and Cleland of Cartness ; which family ended of late in an
heiress, married to Sir William Weir of Blackwood.

.ALEXANDER CLEXAND of that Ilk, ,with his cousin William Cleland of Faskine,
were both killed fighting valiantly for their king in the fatal battle of Flodden,
1513. I have seen the seal of arms of this Alexander appended to a charter, of
the date 1498, upon which was an hare salient, with a hunting-horn about hi^
neck. James Cleland of that Ilk, an eminent man in the time of King James V.
M-hom he frequently attended at hunting, as in the abovementioned Manuscript,

OF FQUR-FOOTED BEASTS.

married a daughter of Hepburn of Bonnytoii, descended of llie Earl of Bothwdl,
by whom he had his MUI und successor.

ALEXANDER CLKLANU of that Ilk, eminent for his loyalty in behalf of Queen
Mary. He married Margaret, a daughter of Hamilton of Hags, by whom he had
William his sou and successor, who married the sister of Walter Stewart, the first
Lord Blantyre ; their eldest son, Alexander, married the sister of John Hamilton,
first Lord Bargeny. Their son and heir sold the lands of Cleland to K cousin of
his own name. Major William Cleland, one of the Commissioners of the Customs
in Scotland, great-grandson of the lust-mentioned Alexander Cleland of that Ilk,
carries the principal arms of the family, as u tessera of his blood and primogeni-
ture, viz. azure, a hare salient argent, with a hunting-horn vert, hanging about
its neck, garnished gules ; crest, a falcon standing upon a left-hand glove, proper:
motto, Nonsibi; at other times, t'ur spoil, supported by two greyhounds, as in
the Lyon Register and Plate of Achievements.

CLELAND of Faskine curries as above, with the addition of a chief argent, char-
ged with a sword fesse-ways azure, hiked and pommelled or. Lyon Register.

The name of STRODE in England carries argent, three conies sable, 2 and i.

The otter lives both in land and water, and is frequently carried issuing out of
fesses or bars waved, which represent rivers as before observed ; and this creature
by some heralds is said to represent a shifty warrior.

The surname of MELDRUM carries argent, a demi-otter issuing out of a bar wav-
ed sable ; of which before, quartered with Seaton of Meldrum. For which see.
Plate of Achievements.

We meet with severals of this name in the charters of King William. Alexan-
der de Melgedrum, i. e. Meldrum, is witness in the resignation of the lands of
'Beethwald, by John de Strathern, 1278 ; and, in anno 1299, William Lord Mel-
drum is one of those employed to treat about King David's redemption. (Aber-
cromby's Hist. Vol. II. p. 115.) Willielmus Dominus de Meldrum is mentioned in
a replagiation at the instance of the abbot of Aberbrothick ; and another, Archi-
bald Meldrum de C/oss, is one of the assizers in the perambulation between Easter
and Wester-Kinghoras, in the year 1547. For which see Haddington's Collec-
tions.

Mr GEORGE MELDRUM of Crombie carries quarterly, first and fourth argent, a
demi-otter issuing out of a bar waved sable, for Meldrum ; second and third
argent, three unicorns' heads couped sable, for Preston ; all within a bordure of
the last ; crest, a dexter-hand holding a book : motto, Metis imrnota manet. New
Register.

LITHGOW of Drygrange in Teviotdale carries argent, a demi-otter sable, issuing
out of a loch in base, proper.

WILLIAM LITHGOW, son and heir to David Lithgow of Drygrange, gets a new
charter from the abbot and convent of Melrose, of the lands of Drygrange, for
his special service in resisting, to the hazard of his life, depredators and robbers
of the dominion of Melrose, as the charter bears, (which 1 have seen in the custody
of Drygrange) of the date 1 8th of January 1539; which charter is confirmed by
King James V. the same year ;. and from which William is lineally descended the
present Lithgow of Drygrange.

The name of OTTKRKUKN carry otters' heads, relative to the name. I have met
with one Allan Otterburn, Secretary to Murdoch Duke of Albany, so designed in a
charter of that Duke's. And in a charter of King James II. Nicolas Otterburn
is designed, Clericus Rotuhntm Regni nostri.

OTTERBURN of Redhall, argent, goutte de sable, a cheveron between three otters'
heads couped of the last, and, on a chief azure, a crescent or. Font's MS.

FULLARTON of that Ilk, in the shire of Ayr, carries argent, three otters' heads
erased gules ; crest, a camel's head, with the motto, Lux in tenebris. Supporters,
two savages wreathed about the head and middle with laurel, all proper, holding
in their hands branches of laurel.

This is a family of an old standing, as by several ancient charters which I have
seen. Sir Adam Fullarton of that Ilk, son of Reginald Fullarton of the same,
obtains a new charter of the lands of Fullarton and others, from James, High'.

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS.

Steward of Scotland, in the year 1240, which is narrated and confirmed after-
wards by a charter of King Robert II. first year of his reign, which contains,
these words, " Noveritis nos charta nostra confirmaase Adamo de Fullarton, illas
" donationes &- concessioues quas Jacobus senescallus Scotiae, recolenda; memoriae,
" avus noster, fecit Adamo dc Fullarton militi, filio Alani de Fullarton, de terra
" de Fullarton, de terra de Sheualtoun de terra de Gailes," &c.

This Sir Adam is frequently to be met with as a witness in that King's charters,
designed Dominus Adamus de Fullarton, Dominus de Corsbie, upon the account that
he had a charter of the last-mentioned lands of Corsbie from King Robert II. and
his son and successor was Rankin Fullarton de eodem. From him is descended
William Fullarton of that Ilk, who carries the abovementioned arms, as in Plate
of Achievements.

FULLARTON of Dreghorn, as a second son of Fullarton of that Ilk, carries the
foresaid arms, with a crescent for difference. L. R.

FULLARTON of Kinnaber, argent, on a fesse between three otters' heads erased
gules, two mullets^>f the first : with the motto, Mihi terraque lacusque. Ibid.

There is another ancient family of the name of FULLARTON, designed after 'the
same, in the shire of Forfar, whose arms are in Workman's MS. argent, on a che-
veron, accompanied with three otters' heads couped g ule s, 2 and i, a crescent be-
tween three stars of the first.

There is a charter, in the Earl of Haddington's Collections, of King Robert the
Bruce, the 2ist year of his riegn, to Galfredus Fullarton, of the lands of Fullarton,
and to his wife Agnes, and the heirs of her body, as the King's Fowler; in which
office he and his successors were obliged to served the king's house with wild fowl,
when the king and his successors shall come to Forfar, where Fullarton was to be.
entertained with a servant and two horses. I add here a few words of the charter,
" Serviendo nobis &• heredlbus nostris, infra Vicecoinitatum de Forfar, officio au-
" cupis, &-c. omnes aucas et volucres quas capere potuerunt et habeant, in domo.
" regis mensam, pro se ipso et uno serviente suo, et uno garone."

The elephant is commended for its good qualities, and as the emblem of wit,
docility, and meekness ; and sometimes it is to be met with in armories, and with
us as a supporter of the arms of the Lord Oliphant, relative to the name.

The name of ELPHINGSTON or ELFINSTON, in England, bears gules, an elephant
pastant argent, tusked or. Morgan's Her.

JOHN FOUNTAIN of Melton, in Yorkshire, Esq. bears or, a fesse gules between
three elephants' heads erased sable.

The elephant's proboscide as an armorial figure, flexed and reflexed in form of an
S, is to be seen in the English herald-books ; and there the camel also for his inde-
fatigable perseverance, and sometimes as relative to the name of the bearer, as by
the surname of CAMEL, in England, azure, a camel passant argent. Morgan's
Heraldry.

The bull and the ox are emblems of labour and agriculture, and the cow of fer-
tility ; besides these qualities, they are carried as relative to the name of the bear-
ers ; their postures are ordinarily passant, but the bull often effra^-e, i. e. erected or
salient. When their horns or hoofs are of different tinctures from their bodies,
they are then said to be unguled and horned of such tinctures. The bull is some-
times represented with a collar about his neck, with bells, for which he is said to
be collared and belled ; and, by the French, accole and clarine.

The name of BEVILLE in England, carries ermine, a bull passant gules, horned
and unguled or ; and the BOFFINI in the Dauphinate carry the same, as equivocally
relative to their name.. So are the arms of the EPISCOPAL SEE of OXFORD, sable, a
bar between three busts of Queens, arrayed and vailed argent, and crowned or, in
chief, and, in base, an ox of the second passing over a ford, proper, armed and
unguled or.

The heads of bulls are frequent in arms, and, as other heads, of which before,
represent the whole creature.

The name of TURNBULL carried argent, a bull's head erased sable; of late, three
of them disposed 2 and i. The first of the name with us is said to be a strong
man of the name of Ruel, who turned a wild bull by the head which violently run
against King Robert Bruce in Stirling Park, for which he got from that king the.

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. 333

lands of Bcdrule, and the name of Turnbull. Edward Howes, in his History of
England, page 231, mentions this man in the minority of King David Bruce, at
the battle of Halidonhill : His words are, " A certain stout champion of great
" stature, who, for a tact by him done, was called Turnbull, advanced before the
" Scots army, and a great mastive dog with him, and challenged any of the English
" army to fight with him a combat; one Sir Robert Venal, a Norfolk man, by
" the King of England's leave, took him up, fought, and killed him, and his dog
" too." This gentleman's son, it seems, Sir James Turnbull, with Sir John Hali-
burton, were killed near Nisbet-Muir in the Merse, in an engagement witli the
English, in anno 1355. For which see Abercromby's History, vol. 2. page 105.

I have seen the armorial seal of TI-RNBULL of Minto, appended to a charter of
his, 1455, {penes Comitem tie Home) which had only one bull's head, and that ca-
bossed. Ot late these of this name multiply the heads to three.

JOHN Tt'K.NBt'LL of Stickcathran, descended of the family of Bedrule, carries
argent, three bulls' heads erased sable, armed vert, within a bordure indented of
the second ; crest, a bull's head erased : motto, Audaci favet Jot tuna. New Re-
gister.

JOHN TURNBULL of Know, descended of the family of Minto, carries argent, an
car of rye rert, between three bulls' heads erased sable, armed of the second;
crest, a bull's head cabossed sable, armed vert : motto, Courage. L. R.

The name of BULLEN, in England, carries argent, a chevcron azure between
three bulls' heads cabossed sable. These arms were carried by Thomas Bullen,
gnmclson of Galfredus Bullen, Lord Mayor of London, in anno 1458, father of
Anna Bullen, Marchioness of Pembroke, who was Q^ueen to Henry VIII. of Eng-
land, 1533, to whom she bare Queen Elizabeth. Thomas Bullen was dignified
with the title of Earl of Wiltshire, and Viscount of Rochford, who, with his son
;;nd daughter the Queen, w'ere all beheaded the ipth of May 1536.

The name of STARK, with us, has its rise from just such another action as that
of TurnbulPs, but later ; by saving King James IV. from a bull in the forest
of Cumbernauld, by one of the name of Muirhead, who, for his strength, was
called Stark ; and, to show his descent from Muirhead, he carries the armorial
figures of Muirhead, with a bull's head, viz. azure, a cheveron between three
acorns in chief or, for Muirhead, and a bull's head erased in base of the second.
The ^ame is carried by John Stark of Killermont ; and, for crest, a bull's head
erased argent, distilling drops of blood, proper : motto, Fortionnn fortia facta.
N. R.

The name of BULL,, with us, carries or, three bulls' heads cabossed gules. The
first of this name in Scotland, was one William Bullock, an Englishman, who
was Governor of Coupar in the reign of Edward III. and was persuaded by
Sir William Douglas to give up that place; which he not only did, but with
the whole garrison came over to the Bruce's interest, and was very assistant in tak-
ing the castle of Edinburgh from the English, as our historians say.

The canton of UK.I, in Switzerland, which signifies a wild bull, carries or, the
head of a bull cabossed with, a ring through its nose g ules, as Favin.

As for cows, the Canton of BERNE, in Switzerland, carries for its ensign or,
t\vo cows gules, in "pale, horned, collared, belled, and unguled azure ; as the
French say, D'or a deux vacbes de gueules accornees, accolees, clarinees, fc? onglees
il'fiz;tf. Orensfine, a writer, in his book Jou d1 Armories, says, these arms do repre-
sent their large and fertile pastures; others say that they are relative to the name
of the ancient Lords of that country, called Vacceens.

The name of CABEZ DE VACCA in Spain, carries cows' heads relative to the name.

The first of this family, says Favin, in his Theatre of Honour, was one Martin,
a great master of Cows in Spain, who conducted the Christian army that was march-
ing through the mountains against the Moors, by whose good conduct the Chris-
tians fell upon them, and routed them entirely in the plains of Tolosa ; for which
good service, Alphonso King of Leon nobilitated Martin, and gave him the name
of Cnbez tie I 'acca : and, for arms, cheque gules and or, within a bordure a-zure,
charged with six cows' heads argent; which Favin blazons, Escbequete de gueules
13 d'or, dc sept pifcis (here he numbers the panes, of the cheque as I observed be-
fore) a la bordure d"aziir, charges de six ti'tes de caches ff argent.

334

OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS.

There is an ancient family with us in the shire of Tweeddale, of the surname ot
VACH, pronounced how VEITCH, designed of Dawick, the chief of the name.
They of old, as by their seals, carried only one cow's head erased, to show the sig-
nification of the name ; but, by the modern custom, they are now multiplied to
the number 3, 2, and i.

It is said that one of this family was very much assistant to King Robert the
Bruce in his extremities, by bringing into his camp a herd of cows from the enemy,
for which he was called Vach. However serviceable he was to his king, I rather
think that these arms are carried, as speaking to the name Vach, or uacca a
cow.

I have seen a charter of Archibald Earl of Douglas, of the land of North-Sinton,
which he grants dilecto armigero nostro Barnabe le Vach de Dauyk, anno 1407.

PAUL VACH of Dawick resigns the lands of Dawick in favours of his son Wil-
liam, in the year 1460; and, in the year 1492, Alexander Vach, son of William, is
infeft in the lands of Dawick. Anno 1536, William Vach of Dawick resigns his
lands with these of North-Sinton, in favours of his son and apparent heir, James
Vach. Which evidents are in the custody of Robert Veitch, the lineal represen,-
ter of the family, son of John Veitch of Dawick, Presenter of Signatures in his-
Majesty's Exchequer, and his wife, Margaret Nisbet, of the family of Nisbet of
that Ilk. He carries argent, three cows' heads erased sable ; and, for crest, an-
other of the same affronts ; with the motto, Famam extendimus factis. L. R.
and Plate of Achievements.

Sheep, the emblem of meekness and sign of fertility, are carried in arms upon
such account, and also as relative to the name of the bearer.

SCHAFFHAUSEN, one of the Cantons of Switzerland, carries or, a ram salieni
sable, armed or. Sbajf, in Germany, signifies a sheep.

The name of WINRAM, with us, gules, a ram passant argent. The principal
family of the name was designed from the Ram-stone of Ratho, and after of Wool-
stone, whose heiress was married to Allan Lockhart of Cleghorn.

WINRAM of Curriehill, and WINRAM of Libberton, were younger sons of Wool-
stone, and carried the foresaid arms with suitable differences.

JAMES WINRAM of Eyemouth is representer of the Winrams of Libberton.

The name of LAMB bears relative to their name, azure, three holy lambs, 2 and i,
carrying a staff and flag argent over their shoulders. These of that name, in Eng-
land, bear gules, three holy lambs with banner-rolls over their shoulders argent,
charged with a cross of the first, being the cross of England.

ROBERT LAMB of Dumcan, on his seal of arms appended to a charter of his to
Alexander Lord Home, Great Chamberlain of Scotland, in the year 1492, had
three pilgrims' staves.

Mr JOHN LAMMIE of Dunkenny, in our New Register of arms, carries azure.
three crosiers pale-ways in fesse or, a saltier couped in base argent ; crest, a hand
holding a crosier, proper : motto, Per varios casus.

The town of St JOHNSTON, alias PERTH, has for arms an eagle displayed with two
heads or, surmounted on the breast with an escutcheon gules, charged with the
holy lamb passant regardant carrying the banner of St Andrew within a double
tressure, flowered and counter-flowered argent.

The arms of the country of GOTHLAND, quartered in the Achievement of the
Kings of Denmark, are, gules, the paschal-lamb carrying a guidon or banderole
argent, marked with a cross gules.

Sir ROBERT JASON of Broad-Sommerford, in Wiltshire, Baronet, bears azure,
a toison d'or within a tressure of Scotland of the last, that is, Jason's GoldenFleece,
relative to his name.

Rams'1 heads are also used in arms, either couped, erased, or cabossed.
Sir JOHN BENDISH of Steeple-Bumsted, Baronet, bears argent, a cheveron sable
between three rams' heads couped azure.

What is said of the sheep may be also said of the goat, and of its posture and
parts in arms. The name of EAGER in En-gland, carries gules, a goat passant ar-
gent ; and the name of GOTLEY there, ermine, a goat's head erased and horned or,
as relative to the name.

REPTILIA, OR CREEPING THINGS. 335

There are many other beasts used in arms, which for brevity's sake I pass over,
especially seeing they have no other terms of bla/xm than those I have already
mentioned in the former examples : I shall, therefore, end here with four-footed
beasts, only mentioning one of a monstrous form, carried with us; its body is like
a wolf, having four feet with long toes, and a tail ; it is headed like a man, called
in our books a 'warivolf, carried by DICKJSON of Winkleston, azure, a warwolf pas-
sant, and three stars in chief argent : so blazoned by Mr Thomas Crawfurd, anil
illuminated in several books ; which are also to be seen cut upon a stone above an
old entry of a house in the Cowgate in Edinburgh, above the foot of Libbert
wynd, which belonged formerly to the name of Dickison, which name sc
be from the Dicksons by the stars which they carry.

KEPTILIA; OR CREEPING THINGS.

THESE are in arms top, and have some peculiar terms in the science. Toads and
frogs, when represented sitting in water, holding up their heads without motion,
which some call in that posture, the lording of frogs, their heads appearing above
the water like helmets ; and, when in this posture in blazon, they are said to be
erected, as in the arms of BOTREAUX in England, argent, three toads erect sable,
Nicol Upton, an English writer about the year 1428, speaking of the Lord Bo-
treaux's arms, says, " Quae quidem arma olim portaverunt reges Francorum;" and
others following him since, have asserted that the Kings of France, of old, carried
three toads. Menestrier, in his chapter of the Rise and Antiquity of the Flower-
de-luces of France, has sufficiently refuted that story of the toads.

Tortoise, an enemy to vipers, and for the delicacy of its flesh, and beauty of
its shell, is carried in arms.

The name of GOWDLE in England, carries vert, a tortoise passant argent; and
COWPER there, azure, a tortoise erected or.

Snails are also carried by the name of SHELLY in England, sable, a fesse between
three house-snails argent.

With us, the name of BARTON, carries gules, three house-snails or. Font's
Manuscript.

One of this name, Andrew Barton, commander of the Scots fleet, fought the Eng-
lish in the year 1511. In the New Register of Arms, ROBERT BARTON, Writer in
Edinburgh, carries only argent, an anchor in pale azure, placed in the sea, proper,
between two mullets of the second, all within a bordure argent ; crest,' a raven
rising sable : motto, His securitas.

The name of STUDMAN with us argent, a fesse vert, between three house-snails
azure.

Serpents are waved when they move forward, and then in blazon are said to be
gliding; the French ondoyante, and the Latins, utidans : But when the serpent casts
itself into a knot, it is said to be nu'ved.

SLEICH of Sleich-Houses carries or, three piles issuing from the chief sable, and
in base two serpents gliding fesse-ways in pale, proper. Workman's Manuscript.

The name of DUCAT bears argent, three serpents gliding fesse-ways in pale azure.
Ibid.

The name of NATHELEY, in England, gules, an adder nuved or. Art. Heraldry.

The Principality of MILAN in Italy, argent, a demi-infant gules, issuing out of
the mouth of a serpent gliding pale-ways azure, crowned or. Sylvester Petra
Sancta blazons these arms thus, " Boa scutaria in modum pali, sinuosa &• cyanea,
" aureoque redimita, cum puero emergente puniceo ex ore illius in parmula ar-
" gento illuso." There are several stories about the rise of this odd figure : It is
told, that there was a giant called Volux, very troublesome in Italy, who boasted
he was come of Alexander the Great, and carried on the top of his helmet this
figure for crest. Otho, Prince of Milan, overcame and killed him ; and, in sign of
his victory, took Volux's crest, a serpent vomiting a child, for his armorial bearing,
as the custom was of old for victors to do, and transmitted the same to his posterity
the Dukes of Milan. But Menestrier will have those to be speaking arms to the
name of an ancient family, Anglere, which comes from anguis a serpent, upon ac-

336 REPTILIA, OR CREEPING THINGS.

count that a branch of the family of Anglere were Princes of Milan of old, which
have been, and still continue the arms of Milan. Monsieur Louis of France, Duke
of Orleans, who married the daughter and sole heir of Galeazo Duke of Milan, carried,
quarterly, first and fourth Orleans, azure, seme of flower-de-luces or, in chief a label of
three points argent ; second and third the arms of Milan as above blazoned ; which
were also used by other princes, who had, or pretended right to the Dutchy of
Milan.

PHILIP of Spain, who married Queen Mary of England, marshalled the arms of
Milan, as before blazoned, with his own, as on his seal of arms given us by
Uredus.

The dragon has been used as an ensign both by the Roman and German Em-
perors. Sir Richard Baker, in his History of England, says, Uter Pendragon, King
of the Britons, had pourtrayed on his ensign a dragon with a golden head.

The Kings of Denmark have been use to marshal in their achievement the arms
of the Dutchy of SLESWICK, gules, a dragon crowned or, ever since Christian, the
first of that name, King of Denmark, united the Dutchy of Sleswick to Denmark,
about the year 1448.

The name of KILGOUR, argent, a dragon with wings displayed, within a bordure
inwardly circular sable, charged with three crescents of the first. Mackenzie's
Heraldry.

The name of DRAKE, in England, argent, a serpent with wings, (called by the
English a iviveren} displayed and tail-nuved gules ; as in Carter's Analysis of
Honour. And HUMPHREY BRENT, Esq. there, one of the Commissioners of the
Customs in Scotland, carries the same creature ; and for crest, a demi-wiveren
issuing out of the wreath. As in Plate of Achievements.

To put an end to this chapter, I shall only here mention the hedgehog, or
urchin, said to be the emblem of frugality.

The name of HERRIES carries argent, three urchins sable, carried by the Lord
HERRIES, chief of the name; suppported by two savages, proper, holding clubs in
their hands; crest, a buck's head or, attired with ten tynes argent; and for motto,
Dominus dedit.

The first of this family is said to be descended of a younger son of the House of
Vendome in France, who carried in their arms porcupines; and the urchins be-
ing the diminutives of the porcupine, have been carried by the family of Herries,
which has been of a good old standing in Scotland ; for in the Register of Kelso,
Nigellus de Herexe is witness in a charter of King William ; and long after, Jobu
de Heiries, miles, is a witness in a charter of King David II. And in a charter of
King Robert III. in the first year of his reign, to John Tailfer of Haircleugh,
John Herries, miles, is witness : This Sir John got the lands of Terreagles in that
king's reign, and the family was dignified with the title of Lord Herries by King
James IV. in the person of Sir Herbert Herries. His son was Andrew Lord Her-
ries, who was killed at Flodden ; and he was succeeded by his son William Lord
Herries, who left three daughters, his co-heirs, in the year 1543 : The eldest of
them was married to Sir John Maxwell, a younger son of the Lord Maxwell, who,
in her right, became Lord Herries ; he quartered the arms of Herries, as before.
blazoned with his paternal arms, argent, a saltier sable, and in chief a label of
three points gules ; with the supporters, crest and motto of Herries Lord Herries,
as before : At last their successor, Maxwell Lord Herries, as heir-male, succeeded
to the family of the Lord Maxwell Earl of Nithsdale ; and so the dignities of the
Lord Herries being lesser, were swallowed up by the greater. The Earl of Niths-
dale carries the urchin in his army, of which before.

HERRIES of Mabie, in Galloway, carries argent, three urchins sable, 2 and I, and
have been in use to adorn their arms with the crest and motto of their chief the
Lord Herries.

Those of this family are descended in a direct line from Robert Herries, young-
est son to Sir Herbert Herries of Terreagles, (who died the 4th of June 1440)
and Margaret Douglas, daughter to the Earl of Douglas, called the Black Douglas.
The present John Herries of Mabie, as the lineal male representer of the family,
carries the above arms. As in Plate of Achievement?.

OF FOWLS AND BIRDS. 33 7

In page 61, I omitted a standing family of the name of GIFFORD, which I here
mention, vix. GIFFORD of Wethersta in the Island of 7/Jtland, now represented by
Thomas Giilord of Busta there, as heir-male lineally descended of the family of
Wethersta, 200 years standing in that island.. The abovementioned Thomas Gif-
ford of Busta carries the arms of the family of Wethersta, as representer thereof,
being guL's, three bars ermine, within a bordure or; crest, a hart's head, proper ;
with the motto, Spare when you have nought. Recorded in the Lyon Register.

CHAP. V.

OF FOWLS AND BIRDS.

I BEGIN with the eavlc, which is said by our ancient heralds and others to be the
V^ucen of Birds, as the Lion is said to be the King of Beasts ; they are both fre-
quent in arms all Europe over. Josepbus de Belh Jud. cap. 5. speaking of the Roman
Eagle, says, " Aquila legioni apud Romanes prieest, regina omnium avium, &•
" eadem valentissima, unde etiam imperil signum ipsis est, &• velut omen victoriae
" in quoscunque eat." The black eagle is said to be the bravest bird, the emblem
of magnanimity and fortitude of mind; and of such a colour was the eagle of the
Roman Emperors, now used by the Germans, because the colour black is the
strongest colour, and appears at greatest distance. Sylvester Petra Sancta says,
" Cur Imperil Aquila sit furva? quia hie est aquilas genuinus color, &• quia idem
" color censeri potest colorum omnium potentissimus :" Yet, to speak as a herald,
whatever colour the eagle be of, it does not lessen the honour of the bearer, for the
Roman Emperors carried the eagle in different colours. Caius. Marius carried the
eagle white, to show his victory. Pompey had it white also, in a blue field ; ana
Julius Ccesar had it of gold, in a red field, to represent his eminency ; and Octavius,
after he had overcome his enemies, and given peace to the world, reassumed the
black. eagle in a gold field, and it is continued in these tinctures with the German
Emperors : And, which is most to be taken notice of, the eagle appears with two
heads, which seems to be contrary to nature, for the rule in armories is, that every
creature ought to be placed in its natural form, if there be no special reason for
doing otherwise.

There are various opinions, both of antiquaries and heralds, about the time and
reason, when and why the Imperial Eagle came to be represented with two heads.
Some assert that it was so used by the Roman Emperors,, and bring in, for proof,
the pillar of Trajanus, on which was engraven .a soldier with a shield, charged
with an eagle with two heads, which Justus Lipsius testifies. To this others an-
T, that it could not be the Imperial Eagle, which no soldier durst presume to
carry ; and tell us, that it was only a sign or token of the union of two legions in
one, or of one legion under the command of two generals.

Some again say, the Germans were the first that carried an eagle with" two heads,
from the defeat they gave to Varus, when tliey took the two standards of two le-
gions commanded by him ; but this is not supported by any proof.

Others more probably tell us, that it is not one eagle with two heads, but two
eagles, the one laid above the other, and their heads separate looking different
ways, which represent the two heads of the empire after it was divided into East
and West, as Cuspidion, " Non enim biceps est aquilu, ut ifnperitum vulgus credit,
" sed du.u sirr.ul, quarum alteni alteram expansis alls obtegit : And Beckmanib,
in his Notitia Di^nitatum Imperil, page 179, is of the same opinion, as was. also the
great Bellarmin, in his Book of the Translation, of the Empire.

Our latest vnit.iN urc of opinion, that the Emperors of the East, long after the
division of the empire, were the first that carried the eagle with two heads, upon
the account that there were often two emperors together on the throne, who
had their effigies together on one side of their seals and coins, but on the other
side they thought not fit to have two shields \\ith one and the same figure, bat one
shield, in which they placed the two eagles, one above the other, with their heads
separate ; and v Inch practice was afterwards imitated by the Emperors of the Wes-
tern Empire, upon the decay of the Eastern, especially by Sigismund, who joined

40.

33S OF FOWLS AND BIRDS.

both the eagles together, with their heads separate, to show the sovereignties of
the two empires conjoined in his person ; which practice was continued by his
successors : And this is the most feasible reason for the Imperial Eagle with two
heads, which heralds havo always been in use to blazon, a double eagle displayed,
when '.ts wings are e> pand* u, and its bieast fully seen.

Meaestrier, in his Aireje Methodique des Armories, blazons the arms of the em-
pire thus, d'or a Taigle cp'oye a deux teies, becquee, lampassee, membree y diadematee
de gneules, charge e en coeur de I'ecussion des arms de safamille.

When eagles or other birds of prey have their beaks, legs and talons, of different,
colour from their bodies, they are then said to be beaked, membred, and armed, of
such tinctures ; and the French say, becque, membre ; and the Latins rostratus,
cruriatus, fc? armatus.

The two heads of the Imperial Eagle are surrounded with an annulet or circle
(rules, for which it is said to be diadematee ; which is peculiar to the Imperial
Eagle, and a more sovereign sign than to be crowned as the eagles of other princes
are. Thus, Sylvester Petra Sancta, cap. 57, " De aquila tesseraria, diadema illi ex
" vitta sen lasciniola coloris punicei circumponitur regulariter, aquike aliae corona
" ordinaria solent redimiri ; ilia peculiariter etiam Gallice a fecialibus diademata
nuncupatur ; aquilae vero aliae dicuntur in eo idiomate coronatas :" So that diade-
matee is a peculiar mark of dignity of the Imperial Eagle ; but other princes'
eagles may be crowned with open or close crowns, and said to be couronnee, and not
diadematee.

The imperial ensign of the Roman Empire is blazoned or, a double eagle with
f wo heads displayed .r able, diadematee, beaked, membred, and armed gules. Syl-
vester Petra Sancta blazons them thus, " Aquila &- biceps £• furva, ostra diade-
•' mata ro-.i:rata & cruriata, in parmula auro conspersa, tessera est semper augusta
" Rmnani Imperil," fig. 12. Plate XI. Yet Charles the Great of France, and the
successors of his body, as Emperors of Germany, carried the Imperial Eagle of a
different tincture, and in a field of another colour ; as Marcus Gilbert as D-ivarren-
nius tells us, azure, an eagle with two heads displayed or, dindeinaiee, beaked,
membred, and armed gules, with the escutcheon of France on its breast ; but when
the German Emperors came in, after the extinction of the French Emperors, they
carried the arms of the empire, as before, with the escutcheon of the proper arms
of the families they came from, as do now those of the House of Austria.

The Imperial Eagle on seals, coins and paintings, has been sometimes represent-
ed, not in a shield, but by way of a supporter, having on its breast the shield of
arms of the family of the present emperor, and its two heads always diad^matee ;
and above them in the middle is placed an imperial crown with pendants, and the
eagle's right foot holds a sword, and the left a sceptre pale-ways, proper.

The eagle with two heads is not only frequent in the arms of the Germans, but
in those of other nations ; and with us, MAXWELL Earl of NITHSDALE, argent, an
eagle with two heads displayed sable, beaked, membred, and armed gules; of which
before, Chap. 16.

The MACDONALDS Lords of the ISLES, carried, as in our old books, or. a double
eagle displayed gules, surmounted of a lymphad sable, and, in the dexter chief
point, a right hand couped gules ; supporters, two bears, with arrows sticking
in their bodies, all proper ; crest, a raven sable, standing on a rock azun- ; so
illuminated in W. MS. Other books give the eagle with one head.

DONALD MACDONALD of Moydert, Captain of Clan-Ranald, carries quarterlv,
first argent, a lion rampant gules, armed or ; second or, a dexter hand couped in
fesse, holding a cross croslet fitched g ule s ; third or, a lymphad or galley with her
oars saltier-ways ; and in base a salmon naiunt in a sea v?rt ; fouth argent, an
oak tree vert, surmounted of an eagle or ; crest, a castle, proper : motto, My hope
is constant in tbee. L. R.

The DONALDSONS, being Macdonalds, originally carry the figures of Mucdonakl,
viz. or, a double eagle with wings displayed, surmounted by a galley or lymphad
sable, armed or langued gules ; in the dexter chief canton a left hand couped of the
last, by Alexander Donaldson of Hilton, with a mullet for his difference ; in the
Lyon Register, anno 1668.

OF FOWLS AND BIRDS. 339

The name of AITCHISON carries argent, an eagle with two heads displayed sable,
on a chief vert, two mullets or. The chief family of this najne was Acheson of
Gosford.

AITCHISON of Sydserf, argent, an eagle with two heads displayed sable, on a
chief vert, two spur-rowels or, within a bortiure invected of the second. New
Register.

Captain JOHN AITCHISON in Pittenweem carries the same as above, with a cr
suit" in chief betwixt two spur-rowels ; crest, an astrolabe, proper : motto, Ob-
serve. Ibid.

Sir ARCHIBALD AITCHESON, Bart, the foresaid principal bearing, with the badgr
of Nova Scotia ; crest, a cock standing on a trumpet : motto, Vigil antibus. Mac-
kenzie's MS.

DUNLOI- of that Ilk carries argent, an eagle with two heads di splayed gules.

JAMES DUNLOP of Garnkirk, descended of Dunlop of that Ilk, carries the same,
with a mullet for difference ; crest, a rose, proper : motto, E spinis. Lyon
Register.

J AMI'S DUNLOP of Househill, whose father Thomas was a fourth son of Dunlop
of that Ilk, carries Dunlop, with a martlet for difference ; crest, a hand holding a
sword, proper : motto, Merito. //</</.

When the eagle has but one head, and displayed, the French use not the word
-.•ftluve, supposing that posture, when the wings are expanded, to be as natural to
the eagle in armories as the term rampant to the lion ; but the term eployt they
give to the eagle with two heads, as Monsieur Baron, in his LArt Heraldique,
blazons the anus of the family of COLIGNY in France, De g ueules, a Paigie d" argent,
cmironnee, becqute, langutic IS membree ti'azur^ marquette de sable. We say gules,
an eagle displayed argent, crowned, beaked, langued and membred azure, and
decked sable. '

Decked or marquette is said of an eagle and other birds, when their feathers are
trimmed at the edges with a small line or purfel of another tincture.

An eagle displayed with one head is the armorial figure of the surname of CAR-
NEGIE. The principal family of the name was designed of Carnegie, from which
hinds is the surname ; or, an eagle displayed azure. Plate XL fig. 13.

JOHN de CARNEGIE got a charter of confirmation of the lands of Carnegie, in the
barony of Panmure, from King David II. ( '• :ad. Col. p. 574.) John Carnegie
of that Ilk, and Walter Carnegie, are, with others, perambulators in the perambu-
lation betwixt the Bishop of Brechin and John Cullis, before Walter Ogilvie of
Beaufort, Sheriff-depute of Angus, anno 1450.

The family of Carnegie of that Ilk became extinct ; and the next principal
family of the name was CAKMEGIE of Kinnaird. The first of it was Duthacus, a
descendant of Carnegie of that Ilk, who got a charter from Robert Duke of Al-
bany, Governor of Scotland, of half of the lands of Kinnaird, and the superiority,
qu<E fuerunt dilectie nostne Maridttee de Kinnaird, fc? quns resignavii, anno 1409.
(Had. Col. p. 116.) Of him was lineally descended Sir Robert Carnegie of Kin-
naird ; he and his predecessors are said to have been cup-bearers to our Kings, for
which they were in use to carry a cup of gold on the breast of their eagle, to show
their office. This Sir Robert was sent ambassador to France by the Earl of Arran,
Duke of Chattcll.crault, Governor of Scotland ; and his grandson, Sir David Car-
negie of Kinnaird, was made, in the year 1595, one of the Senators ofttie College
of Justice. By F/iphamc his wife, daughter of Sir David Wemyss of that Ilk, he
had David his son and successor, and other sons ; which David was made also one
of f!v: Senators of the College of Justice, by King James VI. and afterwards by
"hat tying was made a Lord of Parliament, by the title of Lord Carnegie,, anno
:tuo ; am! again honoured by the title of Earl of SOUTHESK, the 2id of June 1633,
by King Ch:uios I. He had issue by a daughter of Lindsay of Edzel, his eldest
son L»: id Lord Carnegie, who died long before his father, leaving only two daugh-
ters, iiis siroiid '/a James succeeded his father, and was second Earl of Southc-sk ;
;ind he was succeeded by his son Robert the third Earl, father of Charles, the
iinirth Earl, who married Mary, a daughter of Charles Earl of Lauderdnle, by
\\honi he had only James, the fifth Earl of Southesk.

340 OF FOWLS AND BIRDS.

The achievement of this noble family is or, an eagle displayed azure, beaked,
membred, and armed gules; supporters, two greyhounds, proper, collared gules:.
crest, a hand holding a thunderbolt winged or ; with the motto, Dread God.

The next honourable branch of that family is that of NORTHESK. ; the first of
which was Sir John Carnegie, brother to David, first Earl of Southesk, who was
created Earl of ETHIE the first of November 1647, by King Charles I. whose bla-
zon was then, which I have seen, illuminated thus : or, an eagle displayed azure,
beaked, armed, and membred sable, within a bordure gules, supported by two
leopards, and a demi-one for crest ; with the motto, Tache sans tacbe. He mar-
ried a daughter of Hahburton of Pitcur. His son and successor Earl David, not
fancying his father's titles of honour, got new ones from King Charles II. anno
1662, to be stiled Lord ROSEHILL and Earl of NORTHESK. He also altered his arms
thus, quarterly, first and fourth Carnegie ; second and third urgent, a pale gules,
for the title of Northesk, as I suppose ; supporters, crest and motto, as before.
He married a daughter of Patrick Earl of Panmure, by whom he had four sons and
one daughter ; the eldest son and successor David, father of David the present
Earl of Northesk.

ALEXANDER CARNEGIE of Kinfauns, a second son of David Earl of Northesk,
carries quarterly, first and fourth quarters quartered, being the same with North-
esk ; and, for difference, within a bordure of Panmure, viz. parted per pale gules
and argent, charged with eight escalops counter-changed of the same ; second and
third quarters, parted per fesse, argent and sable, on a cheveron counter-changed,
between three torteauxes, two in chief gules, and one in base of the first, a flower-
de-luce of the third, for having married Mrs Anne Blair, eldest daughter and heir
to Sir William Blair of Kinfauns, Bart, supported on the right by a leopard spot-
ted, proper, collared argent, charged with three torteauxes gules, and on the left
by a greyhound, proper, collared gules, charged with escalops argent ; crest, a leo-
pard from the shoulders, with a collar argent, charged with torteauxes and escalops
alternately gules. L. R.

Sir DAVID CARNEGIE of Pittarrow, Bart, descended of Sir Alexander Carnegie,
fourth son of David, first Earl of Southesk, and his lady a daughter of Sir David
Lindsay of Edzel, bears parted per pale, or and argent, an eagle displayed azure,
armed and beaked gules ; crest, a demi-eagle displayed of the same : motto, Vidc'j
aha sequarque.

JAMES CARNEGIE of Craigo, descended of Carnegie of Cookston, bears or, an
eagle displayed azure, armed and membred gules, surmounted on the breast with a
cup of the first ; crest, a star proper. : motto, Alls .ispicit astra.

ROBERT CARNEGIE of Newgate, or, an eagle displayed azure, and, in chief, a
buckle between two annulets of the second ; crest, two dexter hands gauntleu,
issuing out of a cloud, conjoined and supporting a ilaming heart, proper : motto,
Armis & animis. L. R.

WILLIAM CARNEGIE, eldest son to Robert Carnegie of Leuclands, or, an eagle
displayed azure, holding in his dexter talon a rose slipped in pale, proper. Ibid.

The surname of RAMSAY carries an eagle displayed sable, in a field argent, upon
account, as some say, that they are originally from Germany. As for the antiqui-
ty of the name, Slmundus de Ramsay is a witness in a charter of one Thurstain, in
the reign of King David I. and William de Ramsay is frequently to be found in the
charters of King William the Lion. Dalrymple's Collect, p. 421.

The principal family of the name is that of DALHOUSIE, in the shire of Edinburgh,
of which were the valiant Sir Alexander Ramsay of Dalhousic, and Sir William
Ramsay of Dalhousie, both eminent patriots for their country in the time of King
Robert and King David Bruces.

Archibald Earl of Douglas, Lord of Galloway and Annandale, grants a charter
in the year 1414, dilecto familiari nostro Micbaeli de Ramsey; amongst the wit-
nesses is Gilbert us de Ramsey de Dalbmssie, from whom was descended Sir George
Ramsay of Dalhousie, who was created a Lord of Parliament by King James VI.
anno 1618, and his son William Lord Ramsay was created Earl of Dalhousie by
King Charles I. the igth of June 1633, of whom is descended the present Wil-
liam Earl of Dalhousie, who carries argent, an eagle displayed sable, beaked and
membred gules, supported with two griffins with wings displayed, proper ; crest,

OF FOWLS AND BIRDS. 341

an unicorn's head couped argent, horned and maned or : motto, Ora 13 Inborn ;
and at other times Nil time.

RAMSAY of Russel, who, it seems, married a daughter of Puissel of that Ilk, car-
ried, quarterly, la bt and fourth Ramsay, second and third argent, acheveron gules,
between three powers haurient, sable, for Russel. W. and Font's MS.

RAMSAY of Colluthie, quarterly, first and fourth Ramsay ; second and third
azure, a boar's head erased between three mascles or. Font's MS.

William Ramsay of Colluthie was by King David II. (says Sir James Balfour)
invested with tlie earldom of Fife, by the cincture, of the belt and sword, as the
custom then was, but he dying without heirs-male of his body, that earldom re-
turned to the Crowii, and Colluthie to his other heirs.

RAMSAY of Bahnain in the Merns carried the arms of Ramsay, with arose on the
breast 01 the eagle. (H. M.) He was descended of John Ramsay that was creat-
ed Earl of Bothwell by King James III. who being forfeited, his successors retain-
ed the designation of Balmaio. Dalr. Col.

Sir JOHN RAMSAY of Whitehill, Bart, descended of a second son of Ramsay of
Cockpen, a second son of Dalhousie, the arms of Dalhousie within a bordure sable,
charged with eight roses of the first ; crest, an unicorn's head erased argent, char-
ged with a rose gules : motto, Semper victor. N. R.

Sir ANDRUW RAMSAY of Waughton, Bart, eldest lawful son of Sir Andrew Ram-
say of Abbotshall, sometime one of the Senators of the College of Justice, and of
his Majesty's Privy Council, and often Provost of Edinburgh, quarterly, first ani?
fourth argent, an eagle displayed sable , and a chief gules, for Ramsay ; second and
third grand quarter quartered, first and fourth gules, on a cheveron argent, arose
between two lions rampant of the field ; second and third argent, three martlets,
i and i gules, the arms of Hepburn of Wauchton, whose heiress he married ;
crest, an eagle displayed as the former : motto, Probando i£ approbando. L. R.

GEORGE RAMSAY of Edington, vfhose father was a son of the Earl of Dalhousie,
carries Rams'ay within a bordure gules, and Dalhousie's crest charged with a cres-
cent ; with the motto, Dum varior. Idem. L. R.

Mr HUGH RAMSAY, Provost of Methven, carries Ramsay within an ode of eight
martlets azure ; crest, a star of six rays issuing out of a crescent argent : motto,
Super na sequor. Ibid.

CHARLES ALOISIUS RAMSAY, by origin a Scot, living in France, son to Peter
Daniel Ramsay, and Sarah Nisbet his spouse ; (and which Daniel was eldest law-
ful son, procreate between John Ramsay, descended of the family of Banff, and
Katharine Morison,) carries Ramsay, the eagle charged on the breast with a this-
tle ; crest, an eagle rising regardant sable, armed and mcmbred or: motto, Migro
i£ respicio. Ibid.

BICK.ERTON of that Ilk carries argent, an eagle displayed gules, beaked and mem-
bred sable. Workman's MS.

Sir WALTER BICKERTON of Luffness carried the same ; he died in the reign of
King David the Bruce, and left behind him three daughters. John Gourlay mar-
ried one of them, and got with her the lands of Kincraig in Fife.

Some of the GOURLAYS carry or, an eagle with wings displayed sable, surmount-
ed with a bend of the second, charged with crescents gules. (Mackenzie's Herald-
ry and Font's MS.) Others of the name carry argent, three martlets sable.

As for the antiquity of the name, Edmond Howes in his History of England,
p. 153, says, the first of the name of Gourlay came to Scotland with William the
Lion after his captivity. I find one Ingelramus de Gourlay mentioned in that
King's charter, in a Retour of the Chancellory, and narrated in a charter of King
Robert I. where mention is made of William de Gourlay'; and the same King gives
a charter to John de Lindsay of the lands of Rutherford and Maxton, which be-
longed to Eda Gourlay. Haddington's Collections.

Sir THOMAS GOURLAY of Kincraig, sable, an eagle displayed argent, armed and
beaked gules ; and, for crest, such another eagle issuing out of the torce : motto,
Profunda cernit. N. R.

PANTHER, sometime of Pitmedden, or, an eagle displayed sable. Mackenzie's
Heraldry. Others of the name, as PANTHER of Newmains, carry argent on a fesse

34> OF FOWLS AND BIRDS.

azure, between two spur-rowels in chief gules, and a rose in base of the last, three
garbs or. Font's MS.

The name of LINTON, gules, an eagle displayed argent, on a chief of the last,
three roses of the first. Ibid.

The name of SPITTLE, argent, an eagle displayed sable, membred and armed
gules, between three crescents of the last. Ibid.

SPITTLE of Leuchat, argent, an eagle displayed sable, and three crescents in chief
gules. Crawford's MS.

REID of Collision, argent, an eagle displayed sable, membred and armed or, and,
on his breast, an escutcheon gules, relative to the name. Font's and Workman's
MSS. But Pont says, REID of Pitfoddels carried quarterly, first and fourth
argent, a cheveron azure between three mullets in chief, and a cross croslet Jtiche
in base gules ; second and third, the arms of Stewart, or, a fesse cheque a^ure and
argent. The same in our New Register is carried by Mr Robert Reid of Birnies,
descended of the family of Pitfoddels; and, for crest, a hand issuing from a cloud
holding a book expanded, proper : motto, Pro virtute.

The surname of LANTON, or, an eagle displayed azure. Bal. MS.

The surname of EACLESHAM, argent, a cheveron gules, between three eagles
within a bordure sable. Mr Thomas Crawfurd's MS.

The eagle is sometimes borne in arms of divers tinctures, after the form of par-
tition lines, as also lozenge and cheque. The kingdom of MORAVIA, of old, though
now but a marquisate, carried azure, an eagle displayed cheque or and gules, beak-
ed and membred of the last.

When there are more eagles than three in one field, they are termed eaglets, i. e.
voung eagles, except there be an interposition of one or other of the ordinaries
betwixt them, as before we told of the lion.

Sir James Balfour, in his blazons, gives us the name of PATERSON sable, on a
cross cantoned with four lions' heads erased afgent, five eaglets displayed of the
first.

When the eagle or eaglets are represented in arms displayed without beaks and
feet, they are then called alerions, and, by the Latins, Aquila mutilte, hoc est, ros-
tris & cruribus exuti ; they are said to be carried as marks of voyages beyond seas,
and of wounded soldiers.

The Dukes of LORRAIN carry or on a bend gules, three alerions argent. The
occason of this bearing is commonly storied, that Godfrey of Boulogne, having for
a long time laid a close siege to Jerusalem, one standing by him, perceiving three
birds on a tower, told him, that it was as impossible for him to take the tower, as
to kill these three birds with one arrow ; upon which Godfrey drew an arrow, and
with it he killed the three birds at once : Upon which he took the foresaid arms
for his Dukedom ; with the motto, Dederitne viam casitsve Deus ? But Menestrier
will have these arms to be speaking ones, by making alerion the anagram of
Lorrain.

The proper posture of the eagle, as I said before, is to be displayed, but some-
times the eagle is carried in arms standing, v/ith its wings close ; then it is said to
be perching ; and, when the wings are somewhat lifted up, rising; by the French,
essorant. Monsieur Baron gives the arms of the family of MORESTON in France
thus, d'azur a la tour d' argent, massunnee de sable, if surmountee d'ujie aigle essorantc
d'or, i. e. azure, a tower argent, massoned sable, and surmounted of an eagle ris-
ing or.

The name of CHILD in England, gules, a cheveron ermine between three eagles
perching or.

Demi-eagles are either issuant or naissant, of which terms before ; and their
parts, as heads and legs, &c. are either couped or erased.

Sir ROBERT MONRO of Foulis, Baronet, chief of the name, carries or, an eagle's
head erased gules ; crest, an eagle perching ; supporters, two eagles, all proper :
motto, Dread God. L. R.

The first of the name, by the manuscript of the family, was Donald, a son of
Ocaan Ro's, a nobleman in the county of Derry, upon the water of Ro in Ireland,
who came to Scotland, with some forces, to the assistance of King Malcolm II.
against the Danes; the king, for his good service, gave him the lands of East-Ding,-

OF FOWLS AND BIRDS.

343

\\-.\\\, \vhich he culled Ferrin-Donald, ;'. e. Donald's Lands; and he \\a^ called Do-
nald a Bunro, in respect of his father's residence on the water of Ro in Ireland;
and thereafter, by the change of the letter B. into M. his descendents were called
Monros. They got also other lands in Scotland which they called Foulis, from a
place in Ireland of that name, called Loch-Feul. I am ot opinion that their ar-
morial figures are relative to their designation, Foulis.

By the history of the family and other documents, the Monros, Barons of
FOULIS, have been of a long standing in the shire of Ross ; (I cannot here give a
complete deduction of the family and its branches, not having room to complete
this treatise). GEORGE MONRO of Foules, the eighth in a lineal descent from the
above Donald, got a charter from William Earl of Sutherland, in the reign of
King Alexander II. " Clarissimo et fidelissimo consanguineo Georgio Munro de
" I'Ymlis."

From this George was lineally descended ROBERT, counted the eighteenth Baron
of Foules in the history of the family, a man of singular valour and loyalty ; who,
hearing, in the year 1562, that Queen Mary was in some difficulty by the Gordons
at Inverness, he, \vith other Highland clans and their followers, came to her Ma-
jesty's relief: So that Buchanan in his History, says, " Audito principis periculo,
" magna ipsorum Scotorum multitudo, partim excita, partim sponte sua, aftuit ;
" imprimis Frazerii et Monroii, hominum fortissimorum in illis gentibus familiae."

His grandchild and successor, ROBERT, was a Colonel under Gustavus, King of
Sweden ; he was killed in Germany, anno 1633, leaving behind him only one
daughter ; and he was succeeded in his fortune by his brother Hector, another
Colonel in the German service, who was made a Knight-Baronet in the year 1634.
His son was Hector Monro of Foulis, who died without issue, and was succeeded
by his nearest heir-male, Sir Robert Monro, who married Janet, daughter of Co-
lonel Sir Hector Monro of Foulis; and their son and successor was Sir John, fa-
ther of the present Sir Robert Monro, Baronet, of Foulis, whose eldest son is
Colonel Robert, now Member of Parliament.

The cadets of this family were very numerous, and have been eminent in mili-
tary posts.

ALEXANDER MONRO of Bearcrofts, or, an eagle's head erased gules, holding in
her beak a laurel branch vert ; crest, an eagle perching or : motto, Non inferior a.
N. R.

Mr GEORGE MONRO of Pitlundie carries the same; and, for crest, an eagle look-
ing to the sun, proper : motto, Crelestia scqiior. Ibid.

The lea'rned Dr ALEXANDER MONRO, Principal of the College of Edinburgh,
lawful son to Hugh Monro of Fyrish, descended of Hector Monro of Kildermoor,
a second son of the House of Foules, carries or, an eagle's head erased within a
bordure waved gules ; crest, an eagle rising with a sword, proper : motto, Alis &
ant mo. Ibid.

THE GRIFFIN.

A CHIMERICAL creature, lialf an eagle and half a lion, with large ears, frequent
in arms, especially with the Germans. Those who have been, or are vassals and
dependents, and carry a lion for their proper arms, whose over-lords and patroiu
carried eagles, do frequently carry this creature as composed of both. Some say
the griffin is the symbol of ecclesiastical and civil authority joined together ; the
first shown by the fore part of the eagle, and the civil power by the hinder part of
the lion.

Others say the griffin, by its fore parts, represents wisdom joined to fortitude,
which should follow wisdom, as Chassaneus; " Gryphus significat sapientiam jun-
" gendam fortitudini, sed sapientiam debere pneire, fortitudinem sequi." Its pro-
per posture in armories is to be rampant or salient, and then sometimes said to be
xt'tfreant, by the English, that is, as if he were ready to flee.

Those of the name of LAWIDER, or LADDER, or LAUTHER, which is differently
wrote, according to the customs of ancient times, and the different apprehensions
of the writers, for the nam; is local from the town and lands of Lauder, i. e. lower

344 OF FOWLS AND BIRDS.

than the hills that surround it, of which they have been ancient possessors, carried
a griffin for their armorial figure, and were designed Lauders of that Ilk, or of
Lauder-Tower.

One of this family accompanied David Earl of Huntingdon, brother of King
William the Lion, to the Holy War; to perpetuate which, some of his descendants
made the griffin to hold a sword by his fore foot, supporting a Saracen's head, pro-
per ; of whom was descended Allan Lauder, who gets a charter of the lands of
Whitslade and Moriston in the shire of Berwick, from Robert Earl of Strathern,
with the consent of John his eldest son and heir, both afterwards kings, by the
.names of Robert II. and III. This Allan Lauder was afterwards designed of Hat-
ton, as in a charter granted by King Robert II. of the lands of Ratho, in the
shire of Mid-Lothian, anno regni "jmo. of whom were descended the Lauders of
Hatton, who carried argent, a griffin salient sable, beaked and membred gules,
holding a sword with its fore foot, supporting a Saracen's head, proper ; crest, a
tower with a demi-griffin issuing out of the top of it : motto Strike alike.

This family ended in an heir-female, in the reign of King Charles II. who was
married to Mr Charles Maitland, brother-german to the Duke of Lauderdale. He
was afterwards Earl of Lauderdale, grandfather to the present Earl of Lauderdale.

LAUDER of Bass, originally from Lauder of that Ilk, carried gules, a lion rampant
argent, within a double tressure flowered and counter-flowered with flower-de-luces
or ; crest, a solon-goose sitting on a rock, proper : motto, Sub umbra alarum tun-
rum. Font's and Workman's Manuscripts, where these arms are supported with
two lions.

ROBERT LAUDER gets a charter from William de Lamberton, Bishop of St An-
drews, of the half of the Isle of Bass, reddendo unam libram ceras nomini Alba; fir-
ma-, which is confirmed by the charter of John Forfar, Prior of St Andrews, of
the date the 4th of June 1316.

In a charter of Richard Edgar to Robert Edgar of Wedderlie, amongst the
witnesses are, Johannes Haliburton Dominus de Dirleton, and Robertas Lawider
Dominus de la Bass, in the year 1384.

SIR ROBERT LAUDER, upon his resignation of the lands of Balgone and Bass,
and Edrington in the shire of Berwick, gets a new charter of these lands from
King James I. This family is now extinct.

The only principal family of the name now standing is that of Sir JOHN LAU-
DER of Fountainhall, in East-Lothian, Baronet, and one of the Senators of the
College of Justice, who carries gules, a griffin rampant within a bordure argent ;
crest, a tower argent, masoned sable, with the portcullis down, on the top of the
embattlement, a man in a watching posture : motto, Turris prudentia custos ; sup-
porters, two lions rampant argent, standing on a compartment, on which are these
words, Ut migraturus babita, as in Plate of Achievements. So recorded in the
Lyon Register, as descended of Lauder of that Ilk, the above arms being con-
form to those of his progenitors, cut upon grave-stones of old dates, which are
preserved by the said Sir John, who is lineally descended of Andrew Lauder, a son of
Robert Lauder of that Ilk, or Lauder-Tower, and his wife, Elizabeth Ballenden,
daughter to Ballenden of Lasswade, by whom he had three sons ; the two eldest
were cut off, with many of their relations, in a plea, by the Homes and Cranstone,
in the minority of King James VI. but the youngest surviving son, Andrew, re-
tired to his mother's friends. He married Janet, daughter of David Ramsay of
Pol ton, descended of the family of Dalhousie ; of them was descended Sir John
Lauder of Newington, Baronet, whose eldest son is the abovementioned Sir John
Lander of Fountainhall.

FORSYTH of that Ilk carries argent, a cheveron ingrailed gules, between three
griffins rampant azure, armed, membred sable, and crowned or. Workman's Ma-
nuscript.

For the antiquity of the name, there is a charter in the Earl of Haddington's
Collections, page 67. granted by King Robert the Bruce, Osberto filio Roberti de
Forsytb, servienti nostro, of an hundred solidates terra; in tcnemcnto de Salekill, in
the sheriffdom of Stirling.

FORS\TH of Nydie, argent, a cheveron ingrailed gules, between three griffins
rampant vert, membred and armed gules, Font's MS. The same arms are given

OF FOWLS AND BIRDS.. 345

by the Lyon in the New Register, to Mr James Forsyth of Tailzerton, sometime
Minister of Stir1 ing, descended of the family of Dykes, commonly designed of
Hallliill ; and, for crest, a demi-griffin vert ; with the motto, Instaurator ruina.

The griflin has been, of old, frequent in the arms of many families in England.
Sandford, in his Genealogical History, tells us, that he has seen the armorial seal of
Richard Ripariis, or Rivers, Earl of Devon, and of the Isle of Wight, who died
in the year 1162, gules, a griffin segreant or.

GRIFFIN Lord GRIFFIN, in England, as relative to his name, sable, a griffin
segreant argent.

FINCH Earl of WINCHELSEA, argent, a cheveron between three griffins passant
sable.

OF THE HAWK, FALCON, AND OTHER BFRDS.

THESE of old have adorned the ensigns and other regalia of the ancients, and
are frequent in the armorial bearings of noble families^ Some writers are of the
opinion, that they are more excellent in arms than four-footed beasts, because they
participate more of the most noble elements, air and fire, than water and earth,
as Aldrovandus in his Treatise of Arms, " Praestantiora sunt in insignibus volatilia
" ipsis quadrupedibus, nam aves aerem, magis &• ignem, quae elementorum excel-
" lentissima sunt, quam aquam &• terrain participant:" But, as it is observed be-
fore, the dignity of armorial figures is not drawn from the nature of the creature,
but from the high dignity of the giver of arms, and the quality of the bearers.
" Accipiter nomen est (says Hopingius) ab accipiendis avibus, &• aucupio ;" and
Sylvester Petra Sancta, " Marti dicatus, utpote pugnax, &- pncdae avidus."

The )Mwk or falcon is carried by many eminent families in Germany, as by the
FALCKENSTEINII, (as Hopingius) tres albos falcones in campo cteruleo, i. e. azure,
three falcons argent.

With us the surname of FALCONER, of old, carried for arms, g tiles, three hawk-
lures or. (Workman's MS.) Afterwards Falconer of Halkerton, the chief of the
name, altered them to or, a falcon's head, proper, issuing out of a man's heart
gules, between three stars azure, upon the account that one of the family married a
daughter of Douglas Earl of Angus, the heart and star being the armorial figures
of Douglas.

But now the family of Halkerton carries azure, a falcon displayed between three
stars argent, and, on his breast, a man's heart gules. These arms are so illuminated
on the House of Falahall, with the other barons of Parliament 1604; crest, an
angel in a praying posture or, within an orle of laurel, proper ; supporters, two
falcons, proper : motto, Vive ut vivas.

The first to be met with on record, of this family and name, was Ranulph, son
of Walter de Lenorp, falconer to King William, as by that king's charter of lands
in the shire of Merns, Ranulpho Falconario nostro filio Walteri de Lenorp ; which
lands were called Halkerton, from his office; and the arms, ancient and modern, are
relative thereto : From whom is descended DAVID the present Lord HALKERTON,
whose grandfather, Sir Alexander Falconer of Halkerton, was the first of the fa-
mily that was dignified with the title of Lord Halkerton, the 29th of July 1647,
and upon the Restoration of King Charles II. he was one of the Senators of the
College of Justice.

I have seen the seal of one Robert Falconer of Bellandro, appended to a charter
of his granted by him to Rait of Halgreen, of the date the loth of May 1611,
whereupon was a fesse between three hawks in chief and a lure in base.

Sir DAVID FALCONER of Newton, sometime President of the Session, or, a falcon's
head crowned with an open crown, issuing out of a man's heart, all proper, be-
tween three stars azure ; crest, a falcon perching, between two branches of laurel
•vert: motto, Armis potentius aquum. N. R.

This Sir David was a younger son of Sir David Falconer of Glenfarquhar, who
was a younger brother of the first Lord Halkerton.

Sir JOHN FALCONER of Balmakellie, Master of the Mint in the reign of King
Charles II. who was also a younger brother of the first Lord Halkerton, or, a fal-

4.S

346 OF FOWLS AND BIRDS.

con's head issuing out of a heart, ail proper, between three stars azure, and, on &
chief gules, as many besants of the first ; crest, a falcon rising, proper : motto,
Fortiter sed apte.

His son, ROBERT FALCONER, Merchant in London, carries the same, with the.
motto, VI fc? industria. N. R.

Sir JAMES FALCONER of Phesdo, one of the Senators of the College of Justice, or^
a falcon's head issuing out of a man's heart, proper, between three stars azure, ali
within a bordure of the last, charged with eight plates ; crest, a falcon hooded :
motto, Paratus ad tetbera. Ibid.

His progenitor was ARCHIBALD FALCONER, second son of Sir Alexander Falconer
of Halkerton, and his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Archibald Douglas of Glen-
bervie, immediate ancestor of the present Duke of Douglas ; as in Mr Crawfurd's
Peerage of Scotland.

The name of WEEL, sable, a goshawk argent, perching upon a stock of timber
of the last, armed, jessed, and belled or.

The name of BLACKHALL, gules, a hand issuing out of the sinister flank, and
thereupon a falcon perching, and hooded or, and, on a chief argent, three mullets
azure. Font's MS.

The name of DENSKYN, gules, a goshawk or, standing on the back of a hare
argent. W. and Font's MS.

Not to insist further on this bird, it is carried in the same postures with the
eagle, and hath the same terms ; but when it hath a hood, bells, virols and leishes
at its feet, in blazon, it is said to be hooded, betted, jessed, and leisbed; for which
the French say, chaperonne, grille, and lie.

The raven or corbie is a bird of prey ; called raven, says Guillim, for its rapine,
and was the ensign of the Danes when they invaded England.

The surname of CORBET with us, and in England, carry or, a corbie, (or raven)
proper.

SirJJames Balfour, in his Book of Blazons, says, CORBET of that Ilk of old carried
or, two ravens sable, within a bordure ingrailed gules.

John Brampton, in his Chronicle of England, mentions this surname, with those,
that came to England with William the Conqueror, which is probable; for arms
in that age were for the most part canting, and some of that name are very early
to be found in charters with us. Robert Corbet is witness in the instrument or
inquisition, made by David Prince of Cumberland, of the lands belonging to the
church of Glasgow ; and is also a witness in other deeds of that prince, when King
of Scotland, commonly called Saint David : And by the Chartulary of Kelso,
Walter de Corbet is mentioned as a donor of the church of Mackerstori to the
abbacy of Kelso, of which lands those of this name seem to have been proprietors,
as also of others, being a considerable family ; for Avicia de Corbet was wife to
Richard Morville High Constable of Scotland, who died 1191. (Chronicon Me!r.)
And in the charters of King Alexander II. Nicolaus Corbet is frequently to be met
with as a witness.

The CORBETS also possessed the lands of Avboll in the shire of Ross. Colonel
WALTER CORBET, in the Scots regiment of Foot Guards, is the heir-male of that
family. Dalr. Collect, page 337.

There are some landed men of the name in the shires of Lanark and Dumfries ;
and in England, Sir JOHN CORBET of Stoke, in Shropshire, Baronet, or, a corbie,
proper. And, in our New Register of Arms, Mr HUGH CORBET of Hardgray,
argent, a raven sable.

WALTER CORBET of Towcross, argent, a raven sable, between three mullets
gules.

MURDOCH of Cumlodden, argent, two ravens hanging pale-ways sable, with an
arrow through both their heads fesse-ways, proper ; crest, a raven rising sable,
having an arrow thrust through her breast gules, headed and feathered argent :
motto, Omnia pro botio. L. R. and Plate of Achievements.

The CORVINI in Rome, or, a corbie volant sable, given thus by Sylvester Petra
Sancta, Corvits ater in aureo quidem scuti laterculo: And the CORVER^ in Spain,.
or, five ravens volant in saltier sable, i. e* 2, I and 2.

OF FOWLS AND BIRDS. .547

Crows are likewise to be found in armories, as relative to the names of the bear-
ers ; as those of the name of CRAW, of whom betbre ; and CRAWFURD of Clovcrhill
carries crows, .as additional figures to explain his name.

The cock, the emblem of watchfulness, and herald of the approaching day, fre-
quent in arms and devices ; and for its nature and royalty is cnsigned with a dia-,
dem singular for its valour, and mirth after victory. Heralds .arc not wanting to
make him represent a complete soldier, in courage and armour, cup-a-pee, making
his comb to stand for a helmet, his chollars for a liu^k, his hooked bill for a fal-
chion or cutlas, and his legs armed with spurs. When those are of a different
tincture from his body, in blazon, he is said to be crested and barbed, (by some.
English, mottled or je'lloped) the French, crette and barbele > and the Latins, crista-
tus i£ barbulatus ; and for his bill, legs and spurs, he is said to be arm-.d.

The surname of COCK, in Scotland and England, carries cocks, relative to the
name, ardent, a cock gules, on a chief azure, a crescent between two stars of the
first. W. and P. MS.

Others of the name, arpent, a cheveron azure, between three mullets in chief,
and a cock in base gules.

COCKBURN of that Ilk, an ancient family in the shire of Berwick, argent, three
cocks gules.

ALEXANDER COCKBURN of that Ilk, chief of the name, in the reign of Robert the
Bruce, it seems had two wives ; the first bore him a son, who was laird of Ormis-
ton, of whom immediately ; and for his second wife, he had the daughter and
heiress of the Lord Weapont, and with her got the lands of Lanton and Caridden,
upon which he gets a charter of confirmation of these lands from King David
Bruce ; after which the family was designed of Lanton, and by his office (in King
Robert ll.'s reign) Gustos Magni Sigilli ; and, by that king, Alexander. Cockburn de
Lantoun was made Ostiarius Parliament ; which office continued in his successors,
and afterwards was annexed to the barony of Lanton, by a charter of King
James IV. 2oth of February 1504. Had. Collect, page 364.

Upon a resignation of WILLIAM COCKBURN of Lanton, in that king's hands, in
favours of his son and apparent heir Alexander Cockburn, of whom is lineally
descended the present Sir Alexander Cockburn of Lanton, Baronet, who, as his
progenitors, since they married with the Weaponts, carries, quarterly, first and
fourth arge-nt, three cocks gules, for Cockburn ; second and third gules, six mascles
or, 3, 2 and i, for Weapont; supporters, two lions gules; crest, a cock crowing:
motto, Accendit cantu.

COCK.BURN of Ormiston in East-Lothiam, argent, a fesse cheque azure, and of the
first, between three cocks gules ; crest, a cock of the same : motto, In dubiis con-
stant. (N. R.) In our old books there are, for supporters, two lions gules. The
family is descended from John Cockburn, the eldest son of Sir Alexander Cock,
burn of that Ilk, by his first wife, as appears by these evidents ; an indenture or
contract past betwixt Alexander de Lindsay Dominus de Ormistoun, and Alexander
Cockburn ejusdem, " super matrimonio inter Johannem filium Alexandri Cockburn
" prrcdicti, de prima uxore sua genitum, & Joanettam filiam &• haeredem praedicti
" Alexandri de Lindsay ;" for which the said Alexander Lindsay alienates and dis-
pone to them, and the heirs-male or female procreate betwixt them, the lands
of Ormiston, with the principal house and mill, which were confirmed by a charter
of King David Bruce ; for which the family of Cockburn of Ormiston carries the
fesse cheque, as come of the Lindsays. This John Cockburn of Ormiston, or his
son. were constables of Haddington, which office was hereditary for a long time in
the family.

PATRICK COCKBURN of Ormiston, kept out the Castle of Dalkeith'for King
Jam •.» II. against the Earl of Douglas, then a rebel. King James IV. grants a
charter of the lands of Ormiston, anno 1508, upon John Cockburn, elder of Ormis-
ton, his resignation, in favours of his son John Cockburn, younger of Ormiston,
and his ^p.n^e Margaret Hepburn, of whom is lineally descended the present
ADAM COCKBURN of Ormiston, one of the Senators of the College of Justice ; and
his Lordship was made Justice-Clerk an hundred years after one of his progenitors
had been in the same honourable post.

34& OF FOWLS AND BIRDS.

The other families of the name of COCKBURN whom I find with their arms in*
our records ancient and modern, are these r

Sir JOHN COCKBURN of Torry was a judge in the perambulation of the lands of
Pitferran, in the year 1237, to which his seal of arms was appended, having three
cocks.

COCKBURN of Henderland carries argent, a mullet azure, between three cocks
gules. Balfour and Font's Manuscripts.

COCKBURN of Clerkington, argent, a crescent azure, between three cocks gules,
supported by a stork on the dexter, and a lion on the sinister gules: motto, Perad-
•venture.

COCKBURN of Newhall, argent, a mascle azure, between three cocks gules. Ibid.

COCKBURN of Skirling, argent, a spear's head between three cocks gules. Ibid.

Lieutenant WILLIAM COCKBURN of Stonyflat, representer of the family of Skir-
ling, carries the same ; and, for crest, a dexter arm holding a broken lance in bend,
proper : motto, Press through. L. R.

GEORGE COCKBURN, third son to the deceased George Cockburn of Ormiston,
carries as his father, with a mullet for difference.

Sir JAMES COCKBURN of Ryslaw, descended of Lanton, carries the quartered arms
of that family, with a man's heart gules in the centre. Ibid.

COCKBURN of Chouslie, a cadet of Lanton, the quartered coat of that family ; and,
for difference, the paternal coat within a bordure azure.

Peacham, an Englishman, in his Practice of Heraldry, tells us, that the ancient
family of the name of CROW, in Suffolk, carried for arms, gules, a cheveron be-
tween three cocks crowing argent, as equivocally relative by their crowing, and
to the name Crow. So, by this instance, I fancy that the last part of the cock's
crow ending in laa, or law, shows the signification of the surname of LAW, since
they bear cocks.

LAW of Lawbridge, in Galloway, the principal family of the name, though now
extinct, carried argent, a bend and cock in chief gules ; and, for crest, a cock
crowing : motto, Sat amico si mihifelix.

The next to the family was LAW of Bogness, of which family I have seen a
charter of Robert Law of Bogness, wherein he is designed second son of Robert
Law of Lawbridge, in the year 1398, whereby he is infeft in Bogness, Nether-
Linkwood, Glassgreen, and Kingoussie, within the sheriffdom of Elgin, (penes Law
of Netherourd.)

From him in a lineal descent was Mr JAMES LAW of Bogis, Keeper of the Signet,
in the reign of King Charles I. who, in the year 1627, was by that king made con-
junct clerk, with Mr James Primrose, to the commission of erection of teinds ; he
made a great collection of the old charters and evidents of the baronies of this
kingdom, which are now in the hands of Mr John Law of Netherourd, his grand-
son, and the only representer of Law of Lawbridge.

LAW of Burntwood, ermine, a bend betwixt two cocks gules.

LAW of Newton, descended of Burntwood, ermine, a bend raguled between two
cocks gules. Font's MS.

Mr JAMES LAW of Burnton, so designed in our New Registers, which may be the
same with Burntwood in our old, carries as Burntwood ; and, for crest, an unicorn's
head, proper : motto, Nee obscura nee ima.

ROBERT LAW of Cameron, ermine, a bend between two cocks within a bordure
ingrailed gules. N. R.

ROBERT LAW, Bailie of Anstruther, ermine, a bend betwixt a cock in chief, and
two mullets in base gules. Ibid.

WALTER LAW of Easter-Kinevie, second brother to Major John Law of Burn-
ton, carries Burnton's arms within a bordure gules, with the crest and motto.
Ibid.

AITKEN of Aitkenside, argent, a cheveron azure, between two cocks in chief, and.
a buckle in base gules. Font's MS.

OGLE of Poppil, in East-Lothian, or, a fesse azure, between two cocks of the
first, armed, crested, and jellopped gules. Ibid. Some books make the fesse a
bend, and the cocks, pheasants.

OF FOWLS AND BIRDS.

The County of HENNKBURG in Franconia, has for its armorial figures, relative to
the name, or, a black hen standing on a green hill, quartered in the achievement
of the Elector ot" Saxony, thus blazoned by ImhofT, " in aurea parmula nigram
" gallinam viridi collicula insistentem, exhibct Henburgensis comitatus."

The peacock, a vain proud bird, for which some English say, that this bird
showcth the bearer to be an admirer of himself; from which the saying, Laudato
pavQiie supcrbior.: But in armories, as I observed.' before, such creatures are to be
understood to be carried for their best qualities, as upor. the account of its beauty,
and as relative to the name of the bearer. When his fan (or tail) is displayed,
he is said to be in his pride. The surname of PEACOCK with us, carries argent,
three peacocks ui their pride, proper, between as many st -irs g ides. Font's MS.

There was of this name in England, one REGINALD PEACOCK., Bishop of Chichester,
a secular doctor of divinity, who translated the Holy Scripture into English, anno
1547, and wrote several books against the Romish Church ; being challenged and
threatened with persecution, he recanted, as Mr Howes, in his History of England,
says, p. 402, who tells us of another of that name, Sir STEPHEN PEACOCK, who was
Mayor of London 1533 ; they carried peacocks for their armorial figures.

The French use the term rouant, when the peacock's tail is displayed, as in the
blazon of the arms of Saint Paul in France, d'azur, an paon rouant d'or. Sylvester
Petra Sancta blazons these arms thus, Aureus paw cum occidata cauda, in orbem
cxp/icata, intra scuti areolam cyaneam.

When the feathers of this bird are down, or close, in blazon, he is said to be
close,, as in the arms of FRANCIS SMITH, Baron Carrington of Wotton in Wanvick-
shire, argent a cross g ules, between four peacocks close azure.

The parrot's proper colour is green, and ordinarily has a collar about its neck,
with red feet. Sylvester Petra Sancta, in his Treatise, p. 441, says, " Psittacus avis
" argutula, atque etiam humanitus garriens, cum plumularum suarum prasino,
" aureaque numellula &. rostro, cruribusque puniceis." It is frequent in arms,
and especially, as Menestrier observes, in the old families in Switzerland, occasion-
ed by two great factions there in the year 1262, which were distinguished by their
ensigns, the one having a red standard with a white star, and the other a white
standard with a green parrot ; and the families that were concerned in these fac-
tions carried in their arms either stars or parrots, which they have transmitted to
their descendants.

Parrots of old were called papingoes with us, and were carried by the ancient
family of the name of PEPDIE, as speaking to the name.

Eustachius Pepdie is witness in a charter of King Malcolm IV. and Stephanas
Pepdie, with Alanus de Swinton and Willie! mus de Nisbet, are witnesses in tiie char-
ter of Patricius Comes, Jilius IValdeni Comitis, to the monks of Durham, in the reign
of King William.

Of this name there was a considerable family in East Lothian, PEPDIE of Dun-
glass, who carried argent, three papingoes or parrots vert, which ended in an heir-
female, who was married to Home of that Ilk ; for which the families descended of
Home have been in use to quarter these arms with their own, of whom before.

The name of FAIRFOUL, as relative to the name, carry also papingoes or par-
rots.

WALTER FAIRFOUL of Wester-Lathal, argent, three parrots proper, all within a
bordure gules ; crest, a parrot : motto, Loquendo placet. N. R.

The name of PEEBLES with us, argent, a cheveron ingrailed sable, between three
papingoes vert, meinbred gules. Pout's MS.

LVMLEY Earl of SCARBOROUGH, argent, a fesse gules, between three parrots,
proper, each gorged with a collar of the second.

The surname of this family is from Lumley, on the bank of the river Were, in
the Bishopric of Durham ; and the family derives their descent from Liulph, a
person of great account in the time of King Edward the Confessor. From him
was said to be descended Tlxwias de Lumlev, who was made Governor of Scarbo-
rough Castle by King Henry VI. and by Edward IV. was made Lord Lumley, by
summons to Parliament, by reason he married that King's natural daughter ; which
title of Lord Lumley continued in the family till the reign of King James I. of
Great Britain ; which title, becoming extinct through defect of male-issue, was

4.T

OF FOWLS AND BIRDS. •

again revived by King Charles II. in the person of Richard, Baron and Viscoun;:
Lumley of Lumley, and Earl of Scarborough.

The s-rjan, a bird of great beauty and strength, is frequently carried in arms ;
it is said to be the symbol of a learned man, and of one that knows best how to
contemn the world, and to die with resolution. It is likewise carried as relative to
the names of its bearers.

The SWANBERCI in Germany carry gules, a swan argent, beaked and membred or.

The family of PARAVISINI in the country of Grisons, gules, a goose argent, being
not unlike a swan, as the name points at, Par avis cygno, equivocally clinching to
the name of the family Paravasini ; as Menestrier.

With us the name of LOCH bears azure, a saltier ingrailed between three swans
naiant in lochs, proper ; two in the flanks, and one in base, proper.

JAMES LOCH of Dr'ylaw, a saltier ingrailed sable, between two swans naiant in
lochs, proper, in. the flanks ; crest, a swan devouring a perch, proper : motto,
Assiduitate, nan desidia. N. R.

The swan is sometimes collared, and, as heralds say, gorged about the neck with
an open crown, with a chain thereto affixed ; and when so, some English heralds
call it a cygnet royal, as in the blazon of Sir CHARLES PITFIELD of Hoxton in Middle-
sex, azure, a bend ingrailed argent, between two cygnets royal, proper. Art.
Her.

The ensign of the country of STORMARIA, whose capital city is Hamburgh, gules,
a swan argent, gorged with a crown or ; the French say, De gueules, au cigne
d 'argent, uccole cCune couronne d\r. And Uredus blazons them thus, Cygnus ar-
genteus, aurea circa colliim corona, in solo rubco, which are quartered in the achieve-
ment of the Kings of Denmark, for the country of Stormarie.

Ducks or Cannets ; the first is said to be carried by the name of MEEK, argent, a
duck proper ; and on a chief dancette gules, a sanglier's head couped or, between
two crescents argent. Font's MS.

ALEXANDER MICHIESON, now of Hill, eldest lawful son and heir to the deceast
Patrick Michieson of Hill, argent, a duck proper, on a chief dancette gules, a boar's
head couped, proper, between two crescents or ; crest, a decrescent, proper : motto,
Ut implear. N. R. And

PATRICK. MEEK of Leidcassie carries the same arms as above, without any differ-
ence in the same Register ; the crest being an increscent and decrescent ajfronte :
motto, Jungor ut impl'ear.

When ducks are represented without beaks or feet, they are called by Favin,
martlets ; but Menestrier calls them cannets ; for, says he, " sont des cannets, sans
" bee & sans pieds, comme les alerions &• les martlets," i. e. cannets are ducks,
without beaks and feet, as alerions and martlets, and are distinguished from both,
thus, alerions, of which before, are always displayed and full faced ; whereas
cannets have their heads in profile, as the martlets, and only differ from martlets
in having longer necks, and more curvating than these of the martlets. Monsieur
Baron gives for an instance in carrying of them in the armorial bearing of the
family of CANNETON in France, D1 argent a sept cannetes de sable, 3 3 and T.

The martlet may be said to be an armorial bird, because frequent in armories all
Europe over, by the Latins called merula ; it is counted one of the birds of passage,
that goes and comes to countries at certain seasons of the year, as the green plover
and dotterel, and others with us, &c. which import expeditions and voyages beyond
seas, of old carried by them who went to the Holy Land to fight against the Sara-
cens and Turks. Heralds say, that the want of beaks and feet denotes wounds
and strokes which the maimed and lamed have received in such expeditions and
voyages. The English give th-jm legs but very short, PI. II. fig. 14. and tell us
that they cannot go or rise from the ground for flight as other birds, and so make
their resting places and nests on rocks and castles, from which they easily take
their flight; and tell us, the martlet is an agreeable mark of difference for younger
sons, to put them in mind to trust to the wings of virtue and merit, and not to
their legs, having no land of their own to set their feet upon. But I am not to
speak of them here as differencing figures, but as principal charges, distinguishing
principal families from one another..

OF FOWLS AND BIRDS.

M'GiLL Viscount of OXENFORD, Lord M'Gill and Cousland, gules, three mart-
lets or ; crest, a phcenix in flames, proper, supported on the dcxfer by a horse
liberty ardent, gorged with a Viscount's coronet, with a chain thereto affixed,
maned and hoofed or ; and, on the sinister, by a bull sable, collared and chained as
the former : motto, Sine fine, relative to the crest.

Sir Robert Sibbakl, in his History of Fife, says, he has met with one Mauritius
M'Gill, witness in a charter of mortification by Maldwinits Conies, to the monks of
Aberbrothick, which charter is confirmed by King Alexander.

Mr JAMES M'GiLL, descended of a goodly old family in Galloway, had two sons
Mr James M'Gill, Clerk-Register in the reigns of Queen Mary and King Jm
VI. He acquired the lands of Rankeillor-Nether, in Fife, from which he and his
posterity were, and are at present designed. Mr James's second son was David
M'Gill of Cranston-Riddell, Advocate to King James VI. from the year 1582 to
1596, in which office he died.

His son and heir was DAVID M'GiLL of Cranston-Riddell, father of Sir James
M'Gill, one of the Senators of the College of Justice, father of Sir Robert M'Gill,
who was created Viscount of Oxenford by King Charles II. by letters patent, 191!!
of April 1651. He had with his wife, a daughter of Livingston of Kilsyth, Ro-
bert his son and heir, who married a daughter of George Earl of Linlithgow, by
whom he had a son, George, Master of Oxenford, who died before his father, and
two daughters, Christian and Margaret ; Christian succeeded her father as Vis-
countess of Oxenford; she married William Maitland, Esq. son of Charles Earl of
Luuderdale, by whom he has a son to succeed his mother in the fortune and hon-
our^.

Mr DAVID M'G ILL of Rankeillor, gules, three martlets argent ; and, for crest,
another of the same : motto, //; Domino confido. N. R.

Mr JAMES M'GiLL of Ramgally, a younger son of Rankeillor, carries the same
within a bordure ingrailed argent. Ibid.

Mr ARTHUR M'GiLL carries the same, as descended of Rankeillor, within a
bordure indented gules.

JAMES M'GiLL of Ballynester in Ireland, descended of the family of Oxenford,
bears the arms of Oxenford ; with the motto and crest ; and, for difference, a
bordure argent. Ibid.

The surname of CARGILL, sometime of Orchardton, carries the same with
M'Gill gules, three martlets within a bordure or.

The name of HOUSTON carries martlets. The principal family is Houston of

that Ilk, an ancient family in the shire of Linlithgow, or, a cheveron cheque sable

and argent, between three martlets of the second ; by some paintings they have,

for supporters, two hounds ; and, for crest, a sand-glass : motto, In time. For the

antiquity of the family, they say, that one Hugh de Padevinan, who got some

lands in Stragriff, in the reign of King Malcolm IV. which he called after his

ne, Hugh's Town ; and which became the surname of his descendants and

;ly. In Prynne's History of Edward I. of England, 1298, Finlaus de Houston

is mentioned, of whom is descended Sir John Houston of that Ilk, Baronet.

CAIRNS of that I!k carries gules, three martlets or. Balfour's Manuscript.

Mr ARCHIBALD CAIRNS of Pilmore, gules, three martlets argent with a ftower-de-
luce in the centre ; crest, a cinquefoil, proper: motto, Effloresco, as in the Lyon
Register.

GLEN of that Ilk, argent, three martlets sable. Font's MS.

GLEN of Bar in the shire of Renfrew, argent, a fesse gules, between three mart-
lets sable.

As for the antiquity of the name, I have met with one William Glen, Armiger,
witness to the donation of the fishing in Crockat-shot, by Robert Lord Lyle, to
the Monks of Paisley, 1452.

His son JAMES GLEN obtained a grant from Robert, abbot of Paisley, and of the
lands ot Bar and others, anno 1506 ; and his son James obtained a confirmation of
them, tiuii'j 1544, who was forfeited for adhering to Queen Mary in the year 1568,
and wa> restored 1573. His family ended in an heir-female.

NORVEL of that Ilk, sablet, on a bend argent, three martlets of the first. Work-
man's MS.

35^ OF FOWLS AND BIRDS:

NORVEL of Gargunnock, argent, three martlets in bend between two cottisc-v
sable. Font's MS.

Others of the name bear sable, on a bend argent between two cottises of the
second, three martlets of the first.

The name of CREIGH, or, two bars sable, between six martlets azure, 2, 2, and i.
Font's MS.

The name of BARON, argent, a cheveron between three martlets sable. And
BARON of Kinnaird, or, a cheveron sable, between three martlets gules, within u
double tressure counter-flowered of the last.. Ibid.

The two famed and learned Doctors, JOHN and ROBERT BARONS, were of the
family of Kinnaird in Fife.

There was a family of the name of BARON (in the Dukedom of Florence) from
Scotland ; the first of them accompanied William, brother to Achaius, to assist
Charlemagne in his wars, who settled in Italy : His family continued for a long
time, and failed at last, much regreted by a Florentine author, Ugolinus Verinius
de Reparatione Flor entice, lib. 3. who gives these verses :

Clara potensque diu, sed nunc est nulla BAROMJM
Extra progenies, extremisque orta Britannis.

The name of BYRES, azure, a cheveron argent, between three martlets volant or,
Font's MS.

Mr JAMES LUTEFOOT, Doctor of Medicine, son to John Lutefoot, Writer to the
Signet, and sometime Keeper of the Frivy Seal, Representer of the Lutefoots of
Orchil, argent, a cheveron gules? between two crescents in chief azure, and a
martlet in base sable ; crest, a swan, proper, on its head a crescent montant :
motto, Addicunt aves.

The swallow, the harbinger of the spring, is said, in armories, to denote one
that is industrious, prompt, and ready to dispatch business.

The name of SWALLOWS, in England, barry of four, gules and argent, on the
last, three swallows -volant sable, 2 and i.

The family of ARUNDEL, in England, carry swallows, as relative to the name, and
that of their lands of Arundel in Cornwall, from hirundo a swallow ; as Imhoff, in
his Treatise of the Arms of the English Nobility, says, " Hirundines quas insig-
" nium loco ab Arundellis deferri dictum ;" and Hopingius, de Jure Insignium, cap. 9.
speaking of the swallow, says, " Est peregrinationis et velocis expeditionis hiero-
" glyphicum, est insigne Comitum Lippiensium in Germania, et equestris familiar
" Arondellorum apud Anglos, qui ob fortunas. quas habuerunt amplissimas, Aron-
" delli magni dicti fuerunt, in clypeo gentilitio quinque argenteis hirundinibus
" utitur, cognomine etiam inde forsan retento, a rondel, cum Gallis hirundinem
" fignificat." By the English books, ARUNDEL Lord ARUNDEL, carried sable, six
swallows argent, 3, 2, and i. This family has been eminent in the West of Eng-
land since the Norman conquest.

King James I. of Great Britain, in the third year of his reign, to countenance the
-ingle merit in Sir THOMAS ARUNDEL, created him a Baron of England, by the
title of Lord Arundel of Wardour, with limitation of that honour to the heirs-
male of his body; of whom is lineally descended the present Henry Lord Arundel,
who carries for his paternal arms the above blazon.

ARUNDEL Lord ARUNDEL of Trerice, a branch of the old -family of Arundel. Sir
John Arundel of Trerice was Vice-Admiral to King Henry VII. and King Hen-
ry VIII. The English historians tell us, he overcame and took Duncan Campbell
the great Scottish Firate : From him was descended John Arundel of Trerice, who,
at the first breaking out of the rebellion against King Charles I. took arms for the
king, together with four of his sons, whereof two of them lost their lives. Rich-
nrd, the eldest, attended always the king in his army, aud was, in the sixteenth
year of his Majesty's reign, for his own merit and father's services, worthily ad-
vanced to the dignity of a Baron of England, by the title of Lord Arundel of
Trerice ; from whom is descended the present John Lord Arundel of Trerice. The
family has been in use to carry quarterly, first and fourth Arundel, as before ;

OF FOWLS AND BIRDS.

second and third sable, three ch-jveronels argent ; which quarter has sometime-,
been borne in the first place before the paternal arms of Arundel.

The <sivl, Minerva's bird, was the ensign of the Athenians ; it denoteth pru-
dence and vigilance.

SAVILLE Marquis of HALIFAX, argent, on a bend sable, three owls of the fi
George Saville, sou of Sir George Suville of Thornhill, Baronet, for his dutiful
and loyal services to King Charles I. was, by King Charles II. ann'j 1607,
Lord Saville in Yorkshire, and Viscount of Halifax, and thereafter Karl ; and, in
the year 1682, advanced to the dignity of Marquis of Halifax.

The STACYS in Nottinghamshire, azure, on a bend waved between three owls or,
as many flower-de-luces azure. Of one or other of these families was descended
JOSEPH STACY, Ross-Herald, and Herald-Painter in Scotland, after the Restoration
of King Charles II. who carried the same arms; but, in place of the flower-de-
luces, charged the bend with as many thistles, proper; as in the Lyon's Register
of Arms.

Cranes, herons, pelicans, i3c. are carried in arms as emblems of virtue, and as
relative to the names of the bearers.

The crane is the emblem of piety and charity: Hopingius, cap. g. says, " Ci-
" conia pietatis et charitatis in armoria nostra cum primis habet symbolum;" upon
which account he gives us several German families who carry that bird.

With us CRANSTON Lord CRANSTON, gules, three cranes argent ; crest, a crane
sleeping with the head under its wing, lifting up one foot with a stone ; and, for
supporters, on the right side, a lady richly attired holding out a bunch of straw-
berries to a buck, proper, the supporter on the left side : motto, Thou shall want
ere Iwant. This family took its name from the lands of Craaston, both in Teviot-
dale and Lothian, which they possessed of old. Llfric de Cranston is witness in a
charter of King William's to the abbacy of Holyroodhouse. Andrew de Cranston
is witness in a charter of Hugo de Riddle, to the abbacy of Nevvbottle, in the
reign of King Alexander III. And Tbomas'de Cranston gets a charter of the lands
of Cranston from King David Bruce; for which see Sir James Dairy mple's Collec-
tions concerning the Scots History, page 350.

JOHN CRANSTON of Moriston, descended of Cranston of that Ilk, he and his
wife, Barbara Gray, grant a reversion of the lands of Toderick, in the year 1591,
to which both their seals were appended, which I have seen, (penes Comitem dc
Home). John's seal of arms had a shield quartered, first and fourth, three cranes;
second and third, three cross-patees ; and his wife's seal, Babara Gray, had a lion
rampant within a bordure. Their son, William Cranston, married Sarah, daugh-
ter and heir to Sir John Cranston of that Ilk, who, for his good services in keep-
ing the Borderers in peace and quiet, was first knighted, and then made a Lord of
Parliament, by the title of Lord CRANSTON, by King James VI. the 4th of June
1610 : of whom is descended the present Lord Cranston, who carries, as before,
Cranston of that Ilk, his arms.

THOMAS CRANSTON of Mochrie, gules, three cranes within a bordure invected
argent ; crest,( a crane's head erased, proper : motto, I desire not to want. L. R.

The name 'of FYTHIE, azure, a crane argent. Font's MS. Henricus de Fytbie
is one of the Commissioners appointed by Robert the Bruce, to inquire and re-
port what rights and liberties the town of Arbroath had from his predecessors.

HENRY FYTHIE, sometime Provost of Aberbrothock, and heir-male of Fythie of
Bysack, azure, a crane, proper ; crest, a crane's head erased, proper. N. R.

Sir JOHN HALL of Dunglas, Baronet, azure, a cheveron argent, accompanied
with three cranes' heads and necks erased or ; crest, a crane or standing on a hill
vert, holding by its right foot a stone : motto, Cura quietem, L. R. and in Plate
of Achievements.

DENHAM of West-Shiels, gules, a cheveron argent, between three cranes' heads
erased or ; crest, a crane, proper, holding in her left foot a stone: motto, (.'.
dat z'ictoriam. Ibid.

The name of DENHAM in England, gules, four fusils in fesse ermine.

The name of FINN, gules, a crane, proper, without a head. Mackenzie's He
raldry.

354

OF FOWLS AND BIRDS.

The name of HERON, with us, and the English, fable, a heron argent, speaking
to the name.

KINNEAR of that Ilk, sable , on a bend or, three canary birds vert. Some call
them martlets, and others papingoes ; but the first is more relative to the name.
This was an ancient family in the shire of Fife ; for, in the chartulary of Balme-
rino, there is a charter bearing, that Simon, son and heir of Simon de Kinnier,
" Dedit Deo, Sanctse Mariae, et Monachis de Balmerinoch, in Eleemosynam, pro
" salute animarum, &c. medietatem totius terrae in feodo de Kyner," (now called
Little Kinnier) which donation is confirmed by King Alexander II. the 2ist of Sep-
tember, and 22d year of his reign. Sib. History of Fife.

BUNTEIN or BUNTING of Ardoch, argent, a bend gules between three bunten
birds, proper ; and, for crest, another of the same, standing on a garb, all proper ;
with the motto, Copiose et opportune. Lyon Register, and in Plate of Achievements.

BUNTEIN of Kilbride, argent, three bunten birds, and, on a chief azure, a sword
fesse-ways of the first, hiked and pommelled or ; crest, an arm grasping a sword :
motto, Fortiter et fide. Mack. Her.

THOMAS BUNTEIN of Bunteinhall, argent, a cheveron sable, between three bun-
ten birds, proper. N. R.

JOHN Dow of Ardenhall, or, a mullet sable , surmounted of a pigeon argent :
motto, Patient. Ibid.

WINTON of Strathmartin, argent, a cheveron between three turtle-doves azure,
Mackenzie's Heraldry.

The pelican inilnerate, and feeding her young with her blood, has often been
used as the emblem of our Saviour Jesus Christ, and affection of parents to chil-
dren, and is frequently used as a device of piety and devotion. Corpus Christi
College in Oxford, has, for arms, azure, a pelican feeding her young or, which
was the device of Richard Fox, Bishop of Winchester, founder of the said Col-
lege; he was Lord Privy Seal, and Lord High Chancellor of England, in the reigns
of Henry VII. and VIII. a great promoter of the marriage between King James
IV. of Scotland, and Margaret, the eldest daughter of Henry VII. of England.

This bird, being used often as a pious emblem or device, is sometimes used in
place of a crest ; but, when as an armorial figure in a shield of arms, it loses its
former representations, and bespeaks a wyllie and dangerous enemy, as Hopingius
de Jure Insignhnn, cap. 9. at the title of the pelican, whose words I shall here add,
" Non est haec avis in hoc insignium negotio, pii patris, piorumque liberorum in
" parentes, hominis solitarii, et Christi Salvatoris ; sed insidiosi militis hierogly-
phicum." He tells us, " Ejusmodi insigne, pelicanum scilicet aureum, casrulea in
" area, HONRODTII nobiles Brunsvicenses portant," i. e. the HONRODTII in Bruns-
wick carries azure, a pelican or ; and with us

The name of ORMISTON, argent, three pelicans feeding their young ones gules.
Workman's MS.

CRAMOND of Auldbar, azure, a bend between three pelicans feeding their young
ones argent. Font's MS.

William de Cramond is designed Clericus de Wurderoba Domini Regis, in a
charter of John de Strathern, 1278. Had. Col.

The name of PATERSON, argent, three pelicans feeding their young or, in nests
vert. Mack. Her.

The PATERSONS, designed of Dalkeith, of old, carried the same with a chief
azure, charged with three mullets argent. Font's MS.

Sir HUGH PATEKSON of Bannockburn, argent, three pelicans vulned gules, on a
chief embattled azure, as many mullets of the field ; crest, a dexter hand holding
a quill, proper: motto, Hinc orior. N. R.

Captain ROBERT PATERSON, second brother to the Laird of Dunmure, argent,
three pelicans feeding their young ones or, in nests vert, and a crescent to differ-
ence him from Dunmure; crest, a branch of palm, proper: motto, Virtute viresco.
Ibid.

Mr GEORGE PATERSON of Seafield, Commissary of Ross, a second son of John,
Bishop of Ross, argent, three pelicans feeding their young or, in as many nests
vert, on a chief azurs, a mitre of the second, between two mullets of the first ;
crest, a hand grasping a sword erect, proper : motto, Pro rege et grege. N. R.

OF FOWLS AND BIRDS. 355

His younger brother, Mr ROBERT PATERSON, one of the regents of the Mamchal
College of Aberdeen, carries the same, but places a mitre azure in the centre ;
crest, a pelican's head couped, proper : motto, Pro rege et grege. Ibid.

The surname of HENRY, in some old books, azure, a fesse between three peli-
cans argent, vulned proper.

The name of TOURIDGK, argent, on a bend azure, between two pelicans feeding
their birds gules, within as many nests vert, three flower-de-luces or. Font's Ma-
nuscript.

The name of ELME or ELLEM, in the shire of Berwick, old possessors of Elm-
side, Ellemford, and Butterdane. John Ellem de Butterdane tlxere, is witness in a
charter of Alexander Lord Home, of the lands of Upsattlington, to Alexander
Benniston of that Ilk, 1477, who carried, for arms, gules, a pelican argent, vulned
proper, feeding her young, which have been quartered by the Homes of Renton,
us arms of alliances, being descended by the mother's side from the Elmes, by an
heiress.

Sir PATRICK HOME, Advocate of Renton and Lumisden, second son of Sir John
Home of Renton, sometime one of the senators of the College of Justice, and
Justice-Clerk, descended of a younger son of Home of Manderstun, bears four
coats, quarterly, first vert, a lion rampant argent, armed and langued gules, for
Home; second argent, three papingoes vert, for Pepdie of Dunglas; third argent,
three hunting-horns sable, stringed gules, for Forrester ; fourth gules, a pelican
feeding her young argent, vulnered proper, for the name of Ellem.

The pba-'iix, the type of the Resurrection, the emblem of long life, piety, and
love of children to parents, as Hopingius, " Hasc avis amoris in parentem sym-
" bolum est, quando films patrem sepeliri fingitur," is seldom in arms : I only
find it carried by the name of PHENWICK. as relative to the name, gules, a phce-
nix argent, in flames, proper. The family of FENWICK of Fenwick, in Northum-
berland, have the phoenix for their crest: with the motto, Peril ut vivat; and, for
arms, parted per fesse, gules and argent.

To come to an end of fowls and birds, I shall here mention bees, flees, -wings,
and featbfrs of birds, used as armorial figures in the bearings of some considerable
families.

The surname of BYE in England, azure,, three bees volant en arriere argent.
Art. Heraldry.

The family of BAREERINI in Italy, azure, three gad-bees or ; which their name
does signify.

IVings of birds, in armories, are said to denote protection, and are either single
or double, that is, one or two ; when but one, it is called a demi-vole, as these
carried by some of the name of FALCONER, gules, three demi-voles (or lures) or,
1 and I.

When two wings are joined together, they are then called a vole, or two wings
in lure, as these in the arms of SEYMOUR Duke of SOMERSET of whom before.

The name of RENNIE carries gules, two wings conjoined and inverted ermine.

Feathers of Birds are sometimes used as armorial figures, especially these of the
ostrich, by the Royal family of England.

HUMPHREY Duke of GLOUCESTER had an escutcheon sable, charged with three
ostrich feathers argent, surrounded with the garter, and supported with a grey-
hound and antelope; as A.shmole in his Institution of the Garter, page 206. where
he also tells us, that these three ostrich feathers were the badge of King Henry IV.
of England, which that King had from John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, his
father, who bore them for his device, and placed them in a field sable ; but the.
pens of the feathers were powdered with ermine.

These ostrich feathers, carried by the Royal family of England, were all white,
distinguished by their pens ; the King's were or ; the Prince's argent ; the Duke
of Lancaster's ermine ; and the Duke of Somerset's compone argent and mure: By
which, it is to be observed in their devices (being of one body) they used formal
differences, as in coats of arms.

356 OF FISHES.

CHAP. 'VI.

OF FISHES.

THESE, being by nature inferior to the former animals, arc, with some heralds^
of less esteem than the former, on the account that fishes are not suitable
marks for military men, to show prowess, valour, and fortitude : It is true that few
sovereigns and princes have fishes in their arms, except they be relative to their
names, or the produce of their territories; but, as I said before, so now again, all
figures are of equal dignity, data parltate g estantium ; the bearers of them being
of equal dignity, and approven of by royal authority. They are likewise carried
ro represent some notable event, jurisdiction, and right of fishing, and frequently

relative to the name of the bearers, as by the following examples.

Fishe? want not their commendable qualities too, for which they are used in this,
?is in other sciences, as emblems of industry and vigilancy; for they swim against
the stream and waves, and are said never to sleep. In this science they have
several terms $>f blazon appropriate to them, acccording to their posture and parts.

When fishes are carried pale-ways, they are said to be haurient, for which the
Latins say, Piscis hauriens halitum, or anhelans ercctus.

When they are placed traverse the shield horizontally, that is fesse-ways, they
are naiant, i.e. swimming; when they are placed back to back, adosse ; and,
when face, affront e, as other figures which have ante and post; and, when they are
laid one above another alternately, they are said to \>& fretted ; when their fins are
of different tinctures from their bodies, they are said to be finned, and, by the
French, lore of such tinctures ; when their eyes are sparkling, allume ; when
their mouths are open, pane or pasme, for which the Latins say, expirans, seu
blante ore ; but Uredus uses then the word sopitus ; and, when fishes are feeding,
the English say devouring ; of all which I shall give examples.

The dolphin is taken for the King of Fishes (as the Lion and Eagle are said to be
sovereigns of beasts and birds) for his strength and swiftness in the pursuit of other
fishes his prey, and is said to be an admirer of men, so as to be humane, and a lover
of music, for which he is often used in arms and devices. Ulysses is said by Al-
dfovandus to have carried the dolphin on his shield: His words are, " Significabat
" se animalis ejus dotes maxime sequi velle, quod simul et humanitate et musices
" amore, et mira celeritate caeteris praestaret omnibus, vel mari vitam degentibus."
Hopingius says, that Ulysses carried the dolphin on his shield and signet-ring, upon
the account of that creature's humanity for saving his son Telemachus when he
fell into the sea. His words are, " Ulysses Delphinum pro insigni habuit, hac oc-
" casione, quod Telemachum filium in mare prolapsum Delphinus servasset, cui
" pater gratiam referens, annulo signatorio et clypeo Delphinum insculpsit ;" for
which, in his 6th chap. N. 129. he gives several authors, and tells us in his pth
chapter, that a dolphin surrounding the stock of an anchor was the ensign and
device of Augustus Caesar, Titus Vespasian, Seleucus and Nicanor, and, of old,
the badge of the High Admiral of France.

The late Dauphin of France had the dolphin, as a lover of music, given him
on the frontispiece of the old books that were dedicated to him for his device,
with these words, Trahitur dulcedins cantus.

DAUPHIN, being the title of the oldest son of the kings of France, is from the
Dauphinate, a territory in France, of old, so named from its lords and princes,
called Dauphins, who carried for their arms a dolphin, relative to their name.
Mezeray, in his History of France, in the life of Philip VI. tells us, that Humbert Dau-
phin de Viennois being feeble in body, and Laving no children, he, in odium of the
Duke of Savoy, who invaded his country, made a donation thereof in the year
1343, to King Philip of France, of the Dauphinate and other lands adjoining,
which were incorporate with France for ever, upon condition that the Kings of
France, their eldest sons and apparent heirs should enjoy them ; and, ever since,
the eldest sons of France have used the title of Dauphin, and their arms mar-
shalled with these of France, viz. quarterly, first and fourth France ; second and
third or, a dolphin imbowed, breathing, azure, eared and barbed gules; the French

OF FISHES. 357

say, Tfor au Dauphin vif d'azur, orielle, barbille, & criste de gaeules ; and Syl-
vester ijetra Suncta says, " Ddphmus cyaneus, vivus ac spirans, in aurati scuti
" laterculo, cum aunculis, barbulis et crista puniceis." By these bhuons they
make the dolphin to have curs, a beard and crest; and it is always represented un-
bowed, as tig. 14. Plate Xl.

The Counts of the Dauphinate D'AUVERGNE, a province in France, carry azure,
seme of flower-de-luces or, a bend of the last charged on the top with a dolphin
azure, crested and eared argent.

1 he Counts of FORREST in France, gules, a dolphin or, descended of the Dau-
phin of Viennois.

MONYPENNY of Pitmillie, in Fife, quarterly, first and fourth argent, a dolphin
naiant azure, for Monypenny ; second and third azure, three cross croslets fitched,
issuing out of as many crescents argent, the arms of Cathcart. Richard Mony-
penny got the lands of Pitmillie from Thomas, Prior of St Andrews, in the 1211 ;
for which see Sir Robert Sibbald's History of Fife, page 134.

WILLIAM MONYPENNY Lord MONYPENNY, whom we find in the rolls of Parlia-
ment, in the reign of King James II. was a cadet of Monypenny of Pitmillie : He
was succeeded by his son Alexander Lord Monypenny, in whom the dignity failed,
having no male-issue ; whose arms, in Sir James Balfour's Register, are, quarterly,
first and fourth or, a dolphin azure, finned gules, for Monypenny ; second and
third gules, three cross croslets fitched issuing out of as many crescents argent ;
and I have seen them so illuminated in the reign of Queen Mary, having no other
difference but changing the tinctures. Some conjecture, that upon the similitude
of arms, the Monypennies are originally from the Dauphinates in France.

The name of FREER, azure, a cheveron between three dolphins naiant argent.
Balfour's MS.

The name of OSBORNE^U/^J, a fesse between three dolphins naiant or, finned azure.
Ibid.

The name of DOLPHIN, in England, azure, three dolphins naiant in pale or.
Art. Her.

The name of DOLPHINGLY, vert, three dolphins naiant in pale argent; which are
speaking arms.

There is a fish frequent in arms, called by the English, barbie, and by the
French, a bar ; which is carried also imbowed, as the dolphin ; and when there
iire two of them in arms, they are placed ordinarily back to back, for which the
English say indorsed, and the French, adosse.

The Dutchy of BARR, in France, carries, in allusion to its name, azure, seme of
cross croslets fitched at the foot or, two bars (or barbies) indorsed of the last, teeth
and eyes argent ; thus blazoned by Favin, " d'azur seme' de croix recroisettes, au
' pied fitche'e d'or, a deux bars adosses de meme, allumee d'argent ;" and Uredus
thus, " Scutum caeruleum mullis barbatulis aureis, duobus tergis obversis, dentibus
" &- oculis argenteis impressum, &- cruribus aureis bracchatis in imo spiculatis, in-
" certo numero sparsum."

The name of FISHER with us, as speaking to the name, gives azure, three salmon
fishes «fl/£/tf,fesse-ways in pale argent ; that is, as I have said often before, the one
above the other, for which the French say, fun sur fautre.

The name of GARVEY, or GARVIN, azure, three garvin fishes naiant fesse-ways in
pale argent.

The ROYAL COMPANY of FISHING in SCOTLAND, in the reign of King Charles II.
azure, an imperial crown, and under it two herrings in saltier or. Mackenzie's
Heraldry.

The arms of the Country of ICELAND, quartered in the achievement of the Kings
of Denmark, are gules, a cod-fish argent, crowned or ; because a great many fishes
of that sort are taken and sold there, to supply other countries.

ROBERT GED of that Ilk, azure, three geds (or pikes) haurient argent ; crest, a
pike's head, proper: motto, Durat, ditat, placet. (N.R.) When a fish is haurient,
it is placed pale-ways, as fig. 15. Plate XI.

GEDDES of Rachan, gules, an escutcheon argent between three pikes' heads coup-
ed or. Mack. Her.

The name of TARBOT, or TURBIT, argent, three turbet fishes fretted, proper, one

358 OF FISHES.

fesse-ways, looking to the sinister, and two to the dexter chief and flank points :
of which before, at the title of fret andfrette, page 216.

The Town of GLASGOW carries argent, an oak tree growing out of a mount in
base, with a bird standing on the top thereof, and a bell hanging on a branch in
the sinister side, and in base a salmon fish, with a ring in its mouth, all proper ;
to perpetuate the story of a miracle said to be wrought by St Mungo, that town's
patron saint, in recovering by a salmon, in its mouth, the ring of a lady out of the
water of Clyde, where she accidentally dropt it, which being got, prevented tht-
jealousy of her husband.

The name of SALMON, in England, sable, three salmon fishes haurient argent,
speaking to the name.

The name of ORD, in Northumberland upon Tweed, azure, three fishes haurient
argent. The principal family of the name is of an old standing, as Ord of that
Ilk, and of Felkington, from which there are several considerable families in that
country.

In France, the name of PISSON, from piscis a fish, gules, a carp naiant in fesse.

The name of CIIABOT there, or, three chabot fishes, 2 and i gules; for which see
Monsieur Baron's I' Art dc Blaswi.

Naiant is said when fishes are placed fesse-ways, as fig. 17. Plate XI.

In England, the name of PIK.TON, argent, three pikes naiant in pale. Art. Her.

The name of ELLIS, argent, three eels naiant in pale sable . Ibid.

And with us the surname of ORNEEL, or ARNEEL, argent, two eels pale-ways
waved between two stars in the flanks azure. W. MS.

The name of SPROTTY, gules, three salmons (some say trouts) haurient, with a
ring through each of their noses argent. Mack. Her.

CRAB of Robslaw, azure, a cheveron argent, between two flower-de-luces in
chief, and a crab-fish in base or.

The name of SHELLY, in England, sable, a fesse ingrailed between three wilks or;
the same borne by Sir JOHN SHELLY of Michgrave in Sussex, Baronet. Art. Her.

Since I have come the length of shell-jisbes, I shall insist, so far as I have room
in this Volume of Heraldry, upon the escalop, cocquel and vannet, since they art-
so frequent in armorial figures, all Europe over, on account of their symbolical and
hieroglyphical significations which some have been pleased to give them : As Sal-
ter, an Englishman, in his writings, tells us, that, in the Records of the Office at
Arms in London, the escalop signifieth, that tire first of a family who carried an
escalop has been a commander, and for his virtues and valour had gained the
hearts and love of his companions and soldiers. The Italian, Sylvester Petra
Sancta, in his Treatise, commends them as coffers of the riches of the sea, and calls
them scrinia colornm atque gemmaruvi.

Others again look upon them as fit badges of inviolable fidelity, on account that
the shells of the escalop or cocquel are married by nature in pairs ; and that, when
separate, they can never be matched again to join with others ; for which they
have been chosen by sovereigns and others, as apposite badges of fraternity of seve-
ral orders of knighthood and other societies.

They have been also for many ages the badges and marks of pilgrims in their
expeditions and pilgrimages to holy places, and of such a distinguishing character
and mark, that Pope Alexander IV. by a bull, discharged the giving the use of
them but to pilgrims who were truly noble; as Ashmole, in the Institutions of the
Garter, observes, chap. ii. sect. 5. where also he gives several instances of the es-
calops adorning the orders of knighthood, as that called the Order of St James in
Gallicia, institute in the year 837, had, for its ensign, a red cross in a white field,
cantoned with four escalops.

The escalop, or cocquel, was so much esteemed in France, that St Lewis, in the
year 1269, instituted the noble Order of the Ship, upon his expedition into Africa,
ackirned the collar of that Order with escalops of gold, interlaced with double cres-
cents of silver ; and Louis XI. of France, when he, in the year 1469, instituted the
Order of St Michael, he composed the collar with escalops ol gold, joined one with
another, fastened to small chains or mails of gold.

The c.scalop, or cocquel, with the French, are all one ; but when they want ears,
the French call them vannets. We make no distinction, and use only the term
escalop, and are latined conchas mannas.

OF FISHES. 359

Many famiiie-, in Germany, Spain and France, carry them, and several old fa-
milies with us, some or" which I shall here mention.

The honourable and ancient family of the surname of MAULE, Earls of PANM
Lords Maule, Brechin and Navar, carry for the paternal coat of the name, parti,
ardent and Cult's, a bordure charged with eight escalops, all counter-changed.

Tins family is originally of French extraction; for there is a lordship or Maule
in France, on the river Maudre, eight leagues from Paris, in the Vicccompte of
Paris, and confines of Normandy, which had the same arms, as by what follows :

Ordericus Vitalis, who wrote about the middle of the twelfth century, tells us
in his Ecclesiastical Ilb-iury, That Petrus <L' Mntilia, lord of that place, gave to
St Ebroulfe and the Monks of Utica, the churches of St Mary, St Germain, and
St Vincent, in villa quit; nuncupatur Maulia, anno 1076; and after his death v. as
buried in the Monks' Cloister. By his wife Guindesmoth, descended of a noble
family at Troves, he left four sons, Ansold, Thedbald, Guann, and William, and
was succeeded by Ansold. He went to Italy with Robert dr Gniscnr Duke of Ca-
labria, who invaded Greece, and was at the battle fought with Alexius, Emperor of
Constantinople, where he behaved nobly: This Ansold confirmed the deeds his
father had made to the church, and died about the year 1116: He had by his
wife, Odelin, daughter of Radiilpbus Mnlavit ine, seven sons ; Petrus, the eldest,
succeeded him, who married Ada, daughter of the Count of Ghisne. And thus,
after a long succession in the male-line, Robert de Maulia, by his wife Anne
<•/'. 4ng, <ti liters, left one only daughter, Rsginaitlde de Maule, who, anno 1397, was
married to Alons'u'iir Siw'/n d? Mjran'villier Signeur deFlacourt, who by her had the
lordship of Maule.

In the middle of the village Maule, are yet standing the ruins of the old castle,
and on the gate are the arms of the family cut on stone, being parted per pale, a
bordure or eight escalops. And on the church, within the choir, near the high
altar, where the lords of this place lie buried, they are again painted on boards,
quartered with the arms of Moranvilliers, being, parted per pale, argent and gules,
a bordure charged with eight escalops, all counter-changed of the same. There
is also on these boards a long succession of them, and the Moranvilliers, with the
dates of their marriages, deaths and burials, with inscriptions, one whereof is,

Reginaulde de Maule, seule file de Robert de Maule,
Hereticre seuli de nom iff lignee de Maule.

This lordship came at length from the Moranvilliers to the Harlays of Sancy by
marriage, of whom are descended a number of great families in France, and has
since passed through several hands, and was lately acquired by one Monsieur de
L,ntfi2'fere> whose heirs do at present enjoy it. About half a league from this,
stands the old castle of Panmure, belonging to the lords of this place, as may be
seen on the maps of the Isle of France, done in the year 1711, by William de 'risk,
Gcographei to the French King.

From the identity of the name, arms, and places there, with these here, it is
plain the family of MAULI: in Scotland is descended of them. What time they
came over to Britain is not certain; but in the reign of King David I. l-ViUu-'mns
tic '\Li--e is found witness to a charter by Prince Henry, of the lands of Clerking-
ton, to the church of Haddintrton, in the chartulary of the priory of St Andrews :
and in the same chartulary. William de Maule of Fouhs, gives the church of Foulis
to the priory of St Andrews, and Rojfcr de Mortimer, who married his cK
daughter, confirms the same ; and Gilbert de Rutbven, grandchild to Walter de
Riithven, resigns to IVilliam de Mortimer, his cousin, the half, or any other part,
which he had by C--cil ins grandmother, daughter of Sir William de Maule, of the
Kinds of Foulit ; which charter is dated anno 1262, the estate having gone to
daughter--. Sir Peter eh1 Mn;:1t', grand-nephew and heir-male of the family, in tl>e
beginning of King Alexander 11. 's reign, married Christian, i ,/r l-'a!oniis, daughter
am! sole heir of Sir Willium ,!r I'al^niis, and grandchild of Philip de Valoiuis, both
of them successively Great Chamberlains of Scotland. By her he had the lord-
ship or barony of Panmure and Btnvic, and to whom succeeded their son Sir \\\\-
Kam- Maule, v,ii'>,r posterity (when mar-hailing of arms came to be : in fashion)

360 OF FISHES.

might have quartered the arms of Valoniis (which are, argent, three pallets waved
gules, and not azure, three water-budgets or, as 1 gave before in an Essay, p. 1 10.)
with those of Maule. Sir William was succeeded by his son Sir Henry, who was
succeeded again by his son Walter, and he by his son William, who married Ma-
rion Fleming, only daughter of Sir David Fleming, by his first wife Dame Jean
Barclay, daughter of Sir David Barclay Lord of Brechin, and sister to David Bar-
clay next Lord of Brechin, whose only daughter and heir, Margaret Barclay, mar-
ried Walter Earl of Athol, and died without heirs of her body.

To William Lord Panmure, and Marion Fleming his wife, succeeded their son Sir
THOMAS MAULE of Panmure, who was killed at Harlaw, anno 1411, whose son, Sir
Thomas Maule, was heir to Dame Margaret Barclay, Countess of Athol, and Lady
Brechin, in the said lordship of Brechin ; which was provided to her heirs, as is
plain by a charter under the Great Seal in the public records, dated the ipth of
October 1378. So that the family of Panmure having right to carry the arms of
the Lords of Brechin, are now in use to quarter them with their paternal, thus ;
quarterly, first parted per pale, argent and gules, a bordure charged with eight es-
calops, all counter-changed of the same, for Maule ; second argent, three pallets
waved gules, for the Valoniis ; third quarter, quarterly, first arid fourth azure, a
cheveron betwixt three crosses patees argent ; second and third or, three piles
issuing from the chief, conjoined by the points in base gules, for Barclay Lord
Brechin; and the fourth grand quarter as the first; which arms are adorned with
crown, helmet, and volets, befitting the quality of the family; and, on a wreath of
the tinctures, a dragon vert spouting out fire before and behind, proper ; for crest,
with the motto, on an escrol, dementia y animus, and supported by two grey-
hounds, proper, collared gules, charged with escalops argent.

The name of GRAHAM carries escalops, of whom before, Chap. XII. page 8. where
I gave the arms of Morphy, and shall only here add, that the arms of Graham of
Morphy are supported with two savages, wreathed about the head and middle with
laurel, all proper, which are to be seen on several places in the House of Morphy,
of the date 1549 ; as also on the seat of the family, in their parochial church of St
Cyrus, in the shire of the Merns. And, as on the Plate of Achievements, where
also are to be seen the arms of Graham of Meicklewood in Stirlingshire, whom
before, page 83. I gave also the designation of Meikle, instead of Meicklewood.

Escalops are the proper figures of those of the surname of PRINGLE, whose first
ancestor is said to be one Pelerin, a famous pilgrim in the Holy Land, who came to
Scotland, and the descendants from him were called at first Pilgrims, and after-
wards by corruption Pringles. The ancientest family of the name I have met
with in Teviotdale, where the name is most numesous, is HOP-PRINGLE of that ilk,
now designed of Torsonce, argent, on a bend sable, three escalops or: crest, an es-
calop as the former : motto, Amicitia reddit honores, (as in Plate of Achievements)
supported on the dexter by a deer, and on the sinjster by a greyhound argent,
with collars about their necks sable, charged with escalops or ; and upon the com-
partment are these words, Pressa est insignis gloria facti. I have seen a charter of
Robert de Lauider, miles, Dominus de Qiiarleivood, to Thomas Borthwick, of some
lands about Lauder, in the reign of King Alexander III. to which charter Thomas
de Hoppringle is one of the witnesses ; and I have met with an evident in Hadding-
ton's Collections, where King David the Bruce gives all the lands belonging to
Walter de Pringle, forfeited, lying in the shires of Teviotdale and Berwick, to John
Petillock, brother to William Petillock, miles.

PRINGLE of Galashiels, argent, on a saltier ingrailed sable, five escalops or;
crest, a man's heart, proper, with wings or: motto, Sursum. Plate of Achieve-
ments.

PRINGLE of Whitebank, descended of Galashiels, argent, on a saltier ingrailed
sable, five escalops or; crest, a man's heart winged, proper: motto, Sursum. N. R.
And there,

GEORGE PRINGLE of Torwoodlee, descended of Galashiels, argent, on a saltier in-
grailed azure, five escalops of the first; crest, a serpent nuvetl, proper: motto,
Xosce teipsum.

Sir JOHN PRINGLE of Stitchel, Baronet, azure, three escalops or; crest, a saltier
within a garland of bay leaves, proper: motto, Coronal Jides.

OF VEGETABLES. 361

Sir WALTER PRINGLE of Newhall, Knight, one of the Senators of the College of
Justice, carries the same with Stitchel, being a younger son of that family ; and
tor his difference, a besant in the centre : As in Plate of Achievements.

JAMES PRIXGLE of Greenknow, descended of a second son of Stitchel, azure,
three escalops within a bordure ingrailed or ; crest, an anchor within a garland of
bay leaves, proper : motto, Semper spera meliora.

The arms of PRINGLE of Burnhouse are the same with Torsonce's, and support-
ed on the dexter by a buck, and on the sinister by a greyhound, proper.
W. MS.

DISHINGTON of Ardross, «r, on a bend sable, three escalops argent; crest, an
armed man kneeling; with the motto Unica spes mea Christus. The same arms I
have seen on the seal of Thomas Dishington of Ardross., appended to a charter of
his, of the lands of Grangemuir, to William Scot one of the Clerks of the Session,
in the year 1589. And long before that, I meet with John Dishington, one of
the assizers in a perambulation between Easter and Wester Kinghorns, in the year
1459. King David the Bruce grants a charter of the lands of Kinbrauchmond,
in the shire of Fife, to William Dishington, knight; and King Robert the Bruce
granted a charter to another William Dishington, of the lands of Balglassie in the
ihire of Aberdeen.

MOUTRAY, or MOULTRIE, of Seafield, azure, on a cheveron between three es-
calops argent, a sanglier's head couped sable, between two spur-rowels gules.
(P. W. MSS.) This was the principal family of the name, now outed of the for-
tune, and represented by MOULTRJE of Rosecobie, who carries the same arms ; and
for crest, a mermaid, proper: motto, Niitn/uum non fidelis. L. R.

The surname of RAMORNY carried a cheveron between three escalops, as on the
seal of Alexander de Ramorny, Dominus de Pitlessy, and his son Andrew de Ramorny
had the like appended to an obligation of theirs, to pay to John Lord Lindsay of the
Byres, a certain sum of money out of the lands of Pitlessy, of the date the ist of
September 1404.

With the English, escalops are very frequently carried by noble families there.

VILLIERS Duke of BUCKINGHAM, argent, a cross gules, charged with five escalops
or; thus blazoned by Imhoff, " Scutum Villeriorum gentilitium, argento tinctum
" est, &• crucem rubeam quinque conchis aureis ornatam."

RUSSEL Duke of BEDFORD, argent, a lion rampant gules, on a chief sable, three
escalops of the first. And the same by Russel Earl of Orford, with a crescent for
his difference.

The name of BARNABY there, argent, three escalops gules.

The name of PALMER, gules, three escalops or.

CHAP. VII.

OF VEGETABLES.

SUCH as trees, plants, flowers, herbs, fruits., &-c. are borne in arms, not only as
symbolical, but as badges and marks of the countries and lands where they
most abound, and frequently are carried upon the account that their names have
relation to those of the bearers. These things have proper terms in blazon, as
other charges, according to their position, disposition, and situation in the shield,
which I shall illustrate by examples.

Sometimes trees are represented growing out of a mount in the base point of the
shield, sometimes pulled up by the root, (a sign of strength) for which they are
said in blazon to be eradicate, or urt\!cbe ; when cut through by an even line,
trunked or couped ; and when bearing fruits, fructed ; and when the branches are
cut or broke off, the tree is then said to be ragulcd.

I am not to insist here on the different kinds of trees, and their specific names,
nor of those of other vegetables; nor am I to give their virtues, qualities, and sym-
bolical significations, which others ascribe to them, for the reasons that they are
sometimes carried in arms, as the oak tree, which is said to represent antiquity and
strength; the olive, peace ; die vine, joy; the fg, sweetness and tranquillity ; the

4 Y

OF VEGETABLES.

apple tree, love ; the palm, conjugal love, &c. which are to be considered more
properly in emblems and devices, than in armories.

The land of Judea was marked out of old by the palm tree, because many such
trees grew there, and many other countries have the like mark, which are to be
found in the arms of these countries.

With us the M'GREGORS, because their lands were overspread with fir trees,
carried, for arms, argent, a fir tree growing out of a mount in base vert, surmounted
of a sword bend-ways, supporting by its point an imperial crown, proper, in the
dexter chief canton, to perpetuate a piece of special service done by them to the
crown. W. MS.

The FARQJJHARSONS, and many others, upon the same account, carry fir trees
growing out of mounts, seeded, proper, as in the second and third quarters of the
achievements of Farquharson of Invercauld, of which before.

These of the surname of WOOD, in old evidents and writs, anciently named with
us De Bosco, which signifies the same, carry trees, relative to their names. In a
charter of King William to the town of Inverness, in the second year of that king's
reign, Willielmus de Bosco, Cancellarius Regis, and Hugo de Bosco are witnesses
there. And in the charters of Alexander II. Thomas de Bosco is often to be met
wifh. Had. Col.

WOOD of Colpny, an old family in the shire of Aberdeen, now extinct, carried
azure, an oak tree eradicate or. Font's MS.

WOOD of Bonnyton, now the principal family of the name, azure, an oak tree,
growing out of a mount in base, proper, between two cross croslets fitche or ; the
last being a part of the arms of Tullochy of Bonnyton, which the family has been
in use to carry for marrying the heiress, with whom these lands came to the fa-
mily.

Sir JOHN WOOD of Bonnyton, Baronet, carries the same arms, recorded in our
New Register, with the badge of Nova Scotia, as baronet ; and for crest, a savage
from the loins upwards, holding a club erected in his right hand, and wreathed
about the head and middle w'th laurel, proper; supporters, two savages, each
having a batton erect in their hands, and wreathed about the head and middle as
-the former.

WOOD of Balbigno, azure, an oak tree growing out of a mount in base or, and
to one of its branches are fastened two keys azure, by strappings gules, for the
office of Thane of Fettercairn : Which lands, with the jurisdiction, belongs now
to Mr John Ogilvie, advocate, descended of Ogilvie of Innerquharity, of whom
before.

WOOD of Largo, azure, an oak tree growing out of a mount in base or, between
two ships under sail argent, as Admiral to King James III. and IV. under whose
reigns he defeat the English at sea. King James III. gave to Andrew Wood,
Master of his Majesty's Yellow Kervil, the lands of Largo in wadset, and in the
year 1482, he got a grant of them heritably and irredeemably, in consideration of
his good services ; whose issue-male continued in possession of the lands of Largo
until the reign of King Charles I. John Wood, a cadet of Largo, founded an
hospital for fifteen old men, in the reign of King Charles II. near to the House of
Largo. Sir Robert Sibbald's History of Fife.

WOOD of Craig, azure, an oak tree acorned, growing out of a mount in base or,
a hunting-horn sable, stringed gules, hanging upon one of the branches, all within
u bordure ingrailed of the second. P. MS.

ALEXANDER WOOD of Grangehaugh, descended of the family of Bonnyton,
crgent, an oak tree growing out of the base, proper, between two cross croslets
fitcht-d fi-zurt; all within a bordure invected of the last ; crest, an oak slip fruc-
tuated, proper : motto, Diu virescit. N. R.

These whose names end with Wood, as Spottiswood, Calderwood, Carvewood,
Shorsewood, Blackwood, carry trees or branches of them, relative to the name.

SPOTTISWOOD of that Ilk, a good old family in the shire of Berwick, argent, on a
cheveron gules, between three oak trees eradicate vert, a boar's head couped of
the field ; the same in the Lyon Register, recorded for Mr Alexander Spottiswood
of Crumstain, representer of the family of Spottiswood^ crest, a wolf's head couped,
proper : motto, Pathr ut potiar.

OF VEGETABLES. 365

Some say that the boar's head upon the cheveron is carried on the account that
the heiress of these lands was married of old to one of the name of Gordon, who
took upon him the name of Spotswood.

Others say that the boar's head is carried as a sign of vassallage to the Gordons,
who were over-lords and superiors of those lands.

"John de Spo'suwd Djininus fjiisdetn is witness in a charter of Alexander Lindsay
of Ormiston, in the reign of King David II.

C ALDER WOOD of 1'itcadie, argent, a palm tree growing out of a mount in
proper, surmounted of a saltier gules, and on a chief azure, three mullets of the
first ; crest, a hand holding a branch of palm, proper : motto, Vcritas preinitur,
non opprirnitur. N. R.

ALEXANDER CALUERWOOD, Bailie of Dalkeith, carries the same with Pittedy, but
invects the saltier. His son, Sir William Caldervvood of Polton, is one of the pre-
sent Senators of the College of Justice.

The name of CARWOOD or CARVEWOOD, parted per fesse, sable and urgent ; on
the first, a demi-man, proper, holding in his right hand a sword erect, and in
the left, a carpenter's axe, all proper ; and in base, the branch of an oak tree
arorned, proper. W. MS.

The name of MO.SMAN, azure, a cheveron between three oak trees or. Mac-
kenzie's Heraldry. • '

The name of WIGTON, argent, an oak tree vert, and a chief sable. Font's MS.

The name of WAI i'E is illuminated in Workman's MS. argent, an oak tree grow-
ing out of a mount in base vert, on one of the branches a pair of spectacles azure,
and, on the top of the tree, an eye, proper.

WAI TE of Rosehill, Advocate, argent, an oak tree growing out of a mount in
base vert, surmounted of a fesse azure, charged with a crescent between two stars
of the first.

WATSON of Saughton, in the shire of Mid-Lothian, argent, an oak tree growing
out of a mount in base, proper, surmounted of a fesse azure ; crest, two hands
issuing out of clouds fesse-ways, holding the trunk of an oak pale-ways, with
branches sprouting forth : motto, Insperata floruit . (N. R.) Pointing to the con-
dition of the family, who being dispossessed of these lands upwards of an hundred
years ago, they now enjoy the same again.

DAVID WATSON 6f Craslat, sometime Provost of Dumbarton, argent, an oak tree
eradicate in pale, proper, surmounted of a fesse sable ; crest, a dexter hand erect,
proper : motto, Confisus viribus. N. R.

ANDREW WATSON, Merchant in Aberdeen, argent, an oak tree growing out of
the base, proper, surmounted of a fesse azure, charged with a crescent or; between
two mullets of the field. N. R.

ANDREW WATSON, Merchant in Peterhead, carries the same as the last ; but
charges his fesse with a floweiwle-luce between two mullets of the field.

ALEXANDER WATSON of Wailace-Craigie, sometime Provost of Dundee, argent,
an oak tree growing out of a mount in base, proper, surmounted of a fesse azure,
charged with a cinquefoil between two stars of the first ; and the same is carried
by his representative and grandchild, the present Alexander Watson of Wailace-
Craigie ; and the same, with a suitable difference, is carried by John Watson
Doctor of Medicine, a younger son of Alexander Watson, Provost of Dundee. Ibid.

ALEXANUT.R WATSON of Glentarkie, Merchant and Burgess of Kirkcaldy, carries
the same with the former, but has the fesse waved, and charged with the sail of
a ship urgent ; and, for crest, a ship under sail, proper : motto, Ad littora tendo.
Ibid.

KVD of Craigie, urgent, a pine tree eradicate, proper, with a hunting-horn
pendent upon one of the branches or, stringed gules. Mack. Her.

WILLIAM KYD of Woodhill, a younger son of Craigie, carries the same ; and, on
a chief azure, three mullets or, with a crescent for difference : motto, Donee irti-
ph'/it orbem. N. R.

The surname of WHIPPO, vert, an oak tree on a mount in base or, and, on a
chief argent, three mullets gules. Pont's MS.

SOMMKKS or SVMMER.S of Balyordie, argent, an oak tree bend-sinister-ways, sur-
mounted of a bend g;tlcs, charged with three cross croslets or. Ibid.

OF VEGETABLES.

The name, of FORREST, argent, three oak trees vert : motto, Vivunt dum i>irent.
Ibid.

The name of WINCHESTER, argent, a vine tree growing out of the base, leaved
and fructuated between two papingoes indorsed, feeding upon the clusters of the
grape, all proper ; crest, a hand holding a cluster of grapes, proper : motto, Hoc
itrdua vincere dgcet. N. R.

WALKINSHAW of that Ilk, argent, upon a mount a grove of firs, proper ; crest,
a dove with an olive branch in its beak : motto, In season. Supporters, two for-
resters in long gowns, to show that their progenitors were Forresters to the High
Stewards of Scotland, in the barony of Renfrew, as in Crawfurd's History of Ren-
frew ; where it is said that one Dungallus, filius Christini Judicis de Levenox (who
was the person that exercised a jurisdiction over the vassals and tenants of the
earldom of Lennox) is so designed in the excambion he makes of his lands of Knock,
with the abbot and convent of Paisley, for the lands of Walkinshaw, in the year
1235, the list year of the reign of King Alexander II. and from these lands his
descendants took the name of Walkinshaw, and arms relative thereto.

The lineal male succession of this family continued till it was represented by
two daughters heiresses, the one marrried to a gentleman of the name of Morton,
•and the other to Walkinshaw of Little-Fulwood, who got with her the lands of
Wester-Walkingshaw, whose issue continued in a lineal descent till the year 1636,
that the estate, by succession, came to Mr John Walkinshaw of Garturk, the next
heir-male, of whom is lineally descended John Walkinshaw now of that Ilk, son
of Gavin Walkingshaw of that Ilk, who carried, as in our New Register, argent,
upon a mount in base, a grove of trees, proper ; crest, a martlet, proper : motto,
/// season. This Gavin Walkinshaw alienated the lands of Walkinshaw in the
year 1683, to James Walkingshaw, Merchant in Glasgow, a younger son of John
Walkinshaw of Burrowfield, who carried the arms of Walkinshaw of that Ilk,
with a martlet for difference ; and John the son of James is now designed Wal-
kinshaw of that Ilk.

WALKINSHAW of Scotston, a younger son of Burrowfield, acquired Scotston
from George Hutchison, anno 1691 ; he carries the arms of Walkinshaw with a
suitable difference.

WILLIAM SCROGIE, Commissary of Argyle, lineal representer of Scrogie of Invert,
or, a cheveron azure, between two scrogs (branches of a tree wanting leaves) in
chief, and a man's heart in base, proper ; crest, a trunk of an oak tree sprouting
out leaves and branches, proper : motto, Ero quod eram. N. R.

The. name of ROWANTREE, argent, on a cheveron between three rowan tree
branches slipped, proper, as many crescents or. Font's MS.

BLACKSTOCK of that Ilk, argent, three trunks or stocks of trees couped, under
and above, 2 and i sable.

The name of STOCK.DALE, azure, three stocks or-|trunks of trees eradicate or,
with branches sprouting out, argent. Balf. MS.

The name of DALGLEISH, argent, a tree eradicated lying fesse-ways vert, be-
tween three pheons azure. Mack. Her.

The name of AIRMAN, argent, a dexter arm issuing out from the sinister side of
the shield, holding an oak tree eradicate, and broken asunder near the branches,
proper, between a crescent in the sinister chief point, and a mullet in the dexter
base point, gules.

Mr WILLIAM AIKMAN of Cairny, Advocate and Representer of the Aikmans of
Loreburn, and old family in Angus, argent, a sinister hand in base issuing out of a
cloud fesse-ways, holding an oaken batton pale-ways, proper, with a branch sprout-
ing out of the top thereof, surmounted of a bend ingrailed gules ; crest, an oak
tree, proper : motto, Sub robore •virtus. L. R.

The name of LOTHIAN, argent, on a mount in base, proper, a pine tree vert, a
talbot (i. e. a dog) tied thereto, proper, and, upon one of the branches, a bugle pen-
dent of the second ; which arms, within a bordure vert, are recorded for RICHARD
LOTHIAN, Merchant in Edinburgh; and, for crest, a bugle (i.e. hunting-horn) as the
former ; with the motto, Non dormit qui custodit ; and, in the same Register, the
above arms are given to JOHN LOTHIAN, Portioner of Kingsbarns, within a bordure
invected azure, for his difference.

OF VEGETABLES: 3%

I am of the opinion that those of the name of Lothian are not of the same stock
of people with those of the name of Loudon, who have for arms, as in our old
hooks of blazons, urgent, three inescutcheons sable. See Plate of Achievements.
Whether the name of the first be from the county of Lothian, I shall not deter-
mine, latined iMbinna, by Buchanan, from one Lothus, one of the Kings of the
Picts ; but he adduces no vouchers. In old charters it is written Lawdonia, and
sometimes Laodeii'ui. In France, there is the town of Loudun, and, in the shire
of Ayr, there is an ancient place called London : From either of those two places
it is probable the surname of Loudon is taken ; for Sir James Dalrymple, in hi-.
Preface to his Scots Collections, page 65, says, that he has seen in the hands of
the Right Honourable Hugh Earl of Loudon, a charter of William Morvil, !•>
James Loudon of Loudon, in the reign of King William. This family continued
not long in the male line ; for Sir Reginald Crawfurd married the heiress of the
name of Loudon, and with her got that barony in the reign of King Alexander
II. and, in the reign of King Robert I. the family of Crawfurd of Loudon ended
in an heiress, Susanna Crawfurd, who was married to Sir Duncan^Campbell ; and
from them are descended the Earls of Loudon, of whom before.

In England, many families carry trees as relative to their names, as the names
of PYRETON and PINE, who carry pear trees and pine trees, speaking to their names.

The broom plant (plant a genista:} was the badge and ancient device of the Planta-
genet family, for which the Kings of England were so denominated from Jeof-
frey Plantagenet Earl of Anjou, father of King Henry II. by his wife Maud, the
Empress, daughter and heiresss of King Henry I. who did not carry the carbuncle
as the armorial figure of his father Anjou, but the figures of England, with the
broom-plant for his device ; as did also his son Richard I. of England, who adorned
his helmet with that plant, instead of a crest, as upon his seal of arms ; for which
see Sandford's History.

OF FRUITS.

A FEW of them I shall here mention, with their terms of blazon, which will serve
for the rest. When fruits are represented with stalks and leaves, they are in bla-
zon said to be stalked and leaved ; the French say, tlges and /twite's; and when
the stalk is pulled oft" at a lith with a piece hanging at it, we say slipped. As for
other terms, they rise from their position, disposition, and situation, as to be erect,
pendent, bend-ways, and in pale, &c.

The country or GRANADA, in Spain, argent, a pomegranate gules, stalked and leav-
ed vert; thus, by Favin, If or a la grenade de gueules tigee 13 feuillee de sinople, and
by Sylvester Petra Sancta, Malum punicum purpureum, cum frondlbus fc? ramis prasinis
in argentea areola. Since the Kings of Spain recovered the county of Granada
from the Moors, they have marshalled the arms of that country with their own.

RALSTON of that Ilk, argent, on a bend azure, three acorns in the seed or; crest,
a falcon, proper : motto, Fide et Marte. N. R.

These of this name are said to be descended of one Ralph, who obtained some
lands from the High Steward of Scotland, and called them, after his own name,
Ralphston, which became the surname of the family.

A'/Vo/rtwj de Ralston is witness to the donation which Sir Anthony Lombard made
to the Monks of Paisley in the year 1272; and, in- the year 1346, Jacobus Ralston,
Dominus fjusdem, is witness in an instrument upon electing an abbot of the Mo-
nastery of Paisley, whose successor was John Ralston of that Ilk ; and Thomas Ral-
ston of that Ilk obtained a charter* of these lands from John Lord Ross, anm
1505, of whom is lineally descended the present Gavin Ralston of that Ilk, who
carries as above.

AIK.ENHEAD of that Ilk, an ancient family, argent^ three acorns slipped vert; crest,
a demi-savage holding in his right hand three laurel slips fructuated, proper: motto,
Rupto robore nail, matriculated in our New Register by Mr James Aikenhead, Re-
presenter of the family of Aikenhead of that Ilk, Advocate, and one of the
Commissaries of Edinburgh, grandson of David Aikenhead, eminent for his loyalty
and virtue, who, for many years, was Provost of Edinburgh, whose father sold the

366 OF VEGETABLES.

barony of Aikenhead, long possessed by his progenitors. He had several brothers
and younger sons, who carry the foresaid bearing with suitable differences. Some
of the name carry argent, an acorn between three oak leaves -vert. Font's MS.

In England, many families carry fruits relative to their names, as do several
families in other countries in Europe ; as the family of POMERULE, in France^ azure,
a cheveron or, accompanied with three apples of the last.

The family of MORO, in Venice, has the Mulberry, and the city of ORANGE, an
orange.

Ears of corn, as they are said to represent plenty, are carried in arms like-
wise in relation to the names of the bearers. Their stalks are either couped,
slipped, or eradicate ; and, when with leaves, we say bladed, which is from the
French; as Favin in his Blazon of Arms of Inigo Ximenes, to-named Ariosto King
of Navarre, in anno 860, because he carried gules, thirteen ears of corn bladed or.
De gueules a trois epis.de bled d'or, 4, 4, 4, and i.

With us the name of RIDDELL, argent, a cheveron gules, between three ears of
rye, slipped and bladed vert.

The original family of this name is RIDDEL of that Ilk, in the shire of Teviot-
dale. For its antiquity I shall add these observations :

Jervasus de Ridal is a witness in the inquisition made by David Prince of Cumber-
land, for the old possessors belonging to the Church of Glasgow. (Dalr. Collect.)
And the same man is witness in the charters of that Prince, when King of Scot-
land, by the name of David I.

I have also seen the transumpt of a charter granted by this King to Walter de
Ridal, of the lands of Whittunes, Eschecho, and Liliesleaf, and others, to be
holden of the king, per servitium unius militis, sicut unus baronwn eorum ; and which
fends are now called the Barony of Riddel, in which Anchitel de Riddel succeeded
his brother Walter, as by a bull of Pope Adrian IV. which I have seen, a part of
which here follows, " Adrianus Episcopus, servus servorum Dei, dilecto Anchitel-
" lo militi, salutem et Apostolicam benedictionem, &c. sub beati Petri et nostri
" protectionis suscipimus, specialiter autem ea quae Walterus de Riddel, frater tu-
" us, testamentum ante obitum suum faciens, tibi noscitur reliquisse, viz. villas
" Wittuness, Lillislive, Brahebe, et castera bona a quibuscunque tibi juste col-
" lata ; nos devotionis tuae autoritate Sedis Apostolicae integre confirmamus, &c.
" Datum Beneventi 7010 idus Aprilis." This Pope Adrian sat in the papal chair
from the year 1154, to the year 1159,

I have seen another bull, (penes Riddel de eodetn) of Pope Alexander III. who
succeeded the foresaid Adrian, confirming the foresaid testament of Walter, and
an agreement passed betwixt Anchitel de Riddel, and one Huctredum Sacerdotem,
anent the lands of Lillesclave, by the mediation of King William. In the year
1270, Galfredus de Riddel is to be found a witness in several charters in the Regis-
ter of Kelso ; and, in the Register of Melrose, Willielmus de Riddel is witness in a
charter granted by John de Vesci to William of Sprouston, de nova terra
de Mow. This John de Vesci was Dot/iinus de Sprouston, and a son of William de
Vesci, who was one of the number of those who set up at first to contend for the
crown of Scotland with the Bruce and the Baliol; but their claims were soon dis-
cussed. Sir Walter Riddel of that Ilk, Baronet, chief of the name, lineal repre-
senter and possessor of the family of Riddel, was honoured with the title of Baro-
net, the I4th of May 1628.

There was another old family of this name, designed of Cranston. Hugo
Riddel de Cranston, is witness in a charter of King William to the abbacy of Kelso ;
and in that chartulary, Hugo Riddell gave to the abbacy of Kelso the lands of
Preston, being the fourth part of Cranston, culled Little-Preston, and now Preston-
hall ; and from him the lands of Cranston were called Cranston-Riddel ; which
family continued to the year 1468, and then these lands came to the Creightons,
und afterwards to the M'Gills, for which they are called Cranston-M'Gill ; as in
Sir James Dalrymple's Collections.

WALTER RIDDELL of Minto, designed Gentleman in our New Register of Arms
argent, a cheveron ingrailed gules, betwixt three ears of rye, slipped and bladed
-cert; crest, a dexter hand, proper, holding an ear of rye, slipped and bladed or:
motto, Vtrtus muturat.

OF VEGETABLES.

Mr JAMES CHEAP of Rossie, Advocate, representer of the family of CHEAP of
Mawhill, beside Kinross, argent, three ears of wheat slipped vert; crest, a garb or,
bunded vert: motto, Ditat virtus. N. R.

The surname of PROVAN, argent, on a cheveron vert, between three ears of
wheat stalked and blacled of the last, as many mullets or. P. MS.

ROBERT COLLISON, Gentleman in King Charles Il.'s Horse-Guards, descended
of COLLISON of Auchloumes, argent, on a fesse azure, between three roses in chief,
and as many pease -cods in base, a sword bar-ways of the first, hiked and pom-
melled or; crest, a falcon's head erased, proper: motto, Hoc virtutis opus. N. R.

Many families in England, and other countries, have ears of corn for armorial
figures ; and sucli have also adorned the collars of high knighthood, such as that
order of knights institute by FRANCIS Duke of BRETAGNE, called the ORDER- of the
ERMINE, or EARS of CORN, 1450. The collar of which Order was composed of
gold, wrought after the forms of ears of corn, interlaced together, whereat hung
the little beast ermine. It is said by some he instituted this order for the love he
had to agriculture, and to encourage his subjects to improve their lands that way.
Others, as Favin, say, that the ears of com were to represent the old arms of Bre-
tagne, which were, azure, three sheaves of corn, which have been continued by the
Lords of Ponthievre, and quartered with ermine, the new arms of Bretagne.

Ears of corn, when they are bound up in sheaves, are called garbs, and when
their bindings are of another tincture, they are said to be banded of such.

Garb, orjarb, is a French word, for a bundle of any kind of grain, called by the
Latins, fascis frumentarius, and by some, manipulus; as Sylvester Petra Sancta, in
his Blazon of these Arms, quartered in the achievements of Poland and Swedland,
to show the fertility of their countries, says thus : " Manipulus tritici aureus supra
" balteum argenteum situs, ia parmula muricata." And Imhoff, in his Blazons,
for sheaves and garbs, has the word mergetes; as in that of Sheffield Earl of Mul-
gruve, now Duke of Buckingham and Normandy, argent, a cheveron between
three garbs gules, as relative to the name Sheffield.

The surname of CUMING carry relative to their name, azure, three garbs of Cuming
or. There were many great and eminent families of this name of old with us ;
the first of them, says Hector Boece, in his History, was one John Cuming, who, for
his singular valour, and other good qualities, got several lands from King David I.
and in his grandchildren's reigns, Malcolm and William, John's son, Richard
Cuming, is frequently to be met with in those kings' charters ; as also, his son Wil-
liam Cuming, who was created Earl of Buchan, and made Justiciar of Scotland by
King William. The family of Cuming became very numerous and powerful; so
that the above-named historian numbers in the reign of Alexander III. three earls
of the name, and one lord, viz. Monteith, Athol, Buchan, earls, and Cuming Lord of
Strathbogie, with thirty landed knights ; of whom, Andrew Winton and others
give their genealogy and arms, as before, with some small alterations, for their re-
spective differences : But most of all these families were extirpate out of Scotland
for their submitting to the English, and taking part with the Baliols against the
Bruces. There are some families of the name yet extant with us, whose arms I
meet with in our books of blazons ; as,

CUMING of Altyre, the principal family of that name now, carries the plain coat
of Cuming, as above, azure, three garbs or.

CUMING of Brunthill, descended of Altyre, azure, a flower-de-luce between three
garbs or ; crest, a hand holding a sickle, proper motto, Hinc garbce nostree.
N. R.

And there, CUMING of Auchry, another cadet of Altyre, carries as Altyre, with a
buckle in the centre for his difference; crest, a sword and dagger saltier-ways,
proper: motto, Courage.

Sir ALEXANDER CUMING of Coulter, Knight-Barenet, azure, three garbs within a
bordure or; crest, a garb or: motto, Courage. L. R.
There are other surnames that carry garbs with us.

The name of WHITEFORD, argent, a bend between two cottises sable, accom-
panied with two garbs gules. I have mentioned (page 90.) this family, upon ac-
count of their bend cottised, and now again of the garbs which accompanies it.
The first of this family was Walter de Wbiteford, who, for his good services done

36& OF VEGETABLES.

at the battle of the Largs, in the reign of King Alexander III. under the command
of Alexander Seneschal High Steward of Scotland, got from him the lands of
Whiteford, near Paisley, in the shire of Renfrew ; whether these lands gave name
to him, or he to them, I cannot determine. There is a tradition in that country,
that one of the heads of the family, who stood firm for his country in the time of
King Robert the Bruce, against the English usurpation, surprised a party of the
English, who lay encamped on the opposite side of the river Cart, by a stratagem
of putting great quantities of sheaves of wheat and other corns into the water ;
and, to perpetuate that signal overthrow he gave them, they carry the wheat
sheaves : However, whether this be true or not, they were reputed a good family
both in Renfrew and Lanark shires, where they had opulent estates. There is a
progress of writs of this family, of its antiquity and greatness, in the hands of the
Earl of Dundonald, who now possesses the estate of Whiteford. By our registers,
John Whiteford of that Ilk, in the reign of King Robert III. resigns his estate of
Whiteford in favours of Patrick his son and apparent heir, which was confirmed
by King James I. in the year 1431 ; Patrick was succeeded by his son John, and
he again by his son Qiiintin Whiteford of that Ilk, who was seised in these lands
1507; he was succeeded by Adam his son, who was served heir to his father in these
lands 1 5 19; which Adam was the father of another John, who married Margaret, daugh-
ter of Robert Lord Sempill ; he died without isssue, and was succeeded by his brother
Adam, of whom mention is made in Spottiswood's History, in the reign of King
James VI. He, in the year 1576, married Mary, daughter of Sir James Somer-
ville of Camnethan, and by her had John his successor in the lands of Whiteford
and Milton ; he married Elizabeth, daughter to Sir Patrick Houston of that Ilk,
but had no issue, and was succeeded by his brother John, who was the predecessor
of Sir John Whiteford of Milton, who died since the year 1689, without issue, and
the principal stem of the family ended in him.

The eldest branch of this family is WHITEFORD of Blairquhan, in the shire of
Ayr, descended of a younger son of Whiteford of that Ilk and Milton; who took
up his residence in the shire of Ayr with his brother, who was Abbot of Crossrag-
well in the reign of King James IV. The family of Blairquhan continues in the
above shire, in a good condition, and are designed Heritable Crowners of the Juris-
diction of Carrick, as by their charters ; they have matched with honourable fa-
milies, as with Blair of that Ilk, Kennedy of Ardmillan, Kennedy of Drumnellan,
Cathcart of Genoch, Inglis of Sheell, and a second time with Blair of that Ilk ;
and the present Sir Adam Whiteford of Blairquhan married Margaret, the only
daughter of Allan Lord Cathcart. Blairquhan carries, argent, a bend betwixt two
cottises sable, with a garb in chief of the last ; crest, a pigeon, proper, on the top
of a garb : motto, D'en haut.

Doctor. WALTER WHITEFORD, a younger son of Adam Whiteford of Milton,
abovementioned, was first Sub-Dean of Glasgow, Parson of Monkland and Calder,
then Parson of Moffat, and afterwards Bishop of Brechin ; he married a daughter
of Sir John Carmichael of that Ilk, by whom he had Colonel Walter Whiteford, a
brave gentleman, who was forced for his loyalty to fly to Holland, where he killed
Dorislaus, a Dutch lawyer, who drew up the wicked indictment against King
Charles I. He carried argent, on a bend between two cottises sable, accompanied
with two garbs gules, three cross patees argent ; crest, a garb gules, banded or :
motto, Ubique aut nusquam. The three crosses patee, (being of the form of these
that adorn the Scots crown) were added by King Charles II.'s orders, as in the
L. R. His son is now Rector of the Scots College at Paris.

The name of LAWSON, argent, a saltier azure, and on a chief gules, three garbs
or. P. MS,

Others of the name, as in Balfour's and Workman's Manuscripts, parted per pale
argent and sable, an ode counter-changed, and on a chief gules, three garbs or.

LAWSON of Boghall, argent, a saltier and chief sable, on the last three garbs or.
W. MS.

I have seen the armorial seal of Mr Richard Lawson of Cairnmuir, appended to
a charter of his, with the consent of his wife, Janet Elphinstone, to their son Richard
Lawson, the 1 8th of March 1507; on the husband's seal was a saltier and chief,
on. the last three garbs; and on the wife's,, a cheveron between three boars' heads.

OF FLOWERS AND LEAVES. 369

The name of BLYTH, argent, on a fessc gules, between three crescents of the
lust, as many garbs or. P. MS. And there,

The name of POMFRY, mure, on a cheveron argent, six garbs sable. .

ROBERT SMITH ot" Gibluvon, -Clerk to the Lyon Qtlice, argent, a taltiet azure,
between two garbs in the tianks, and one of the last banded or ; crest, a crescent :
motto, Cum plena majfis. N. R. And there,

JOHN SMITH, Portionerof Dirleton, ardent, on a saltier azure, between three
cents, one in chief and two in the flanks gules, a garb of the first, and in base a
chess-rook azure; crest, a dexter hand holding a writing-quill, proper; motto, Ex usu
com mod urn.

JOHN BAINE, Sheriff-Clerk of Berwick, a second son of John Baine Writer to the
Signet, who was descended of Baine of Findale in Perthshire, azure, a garb or,
banded of the first between three thistles, all within a bordure of the second ;
crest, a hand holding a scroll of papers, with the word Virtute. N. R.

Mr DAVID DUNMUIKE, Advocate, vert, three garbs or. N. R.

KELSO of Kelsoland, sable, a fesse ingrailed betwixt three garbs or, confirmed by
the Lyon King at Arms, 1636, as marked in a book of old blazons. As for the
antiquity of the family, John Kelso, son of John Kelsaof Kelsoland, with the con-
sent of his father, mortifies to the abbot and convent of Paisley the lands of Lang-
lebank, betwixt the town of Largs and Kelsoland, in the year 1399 ; from him was
descended Archibald Kelso of Kelsoland, who married a daughter of Stewart of
Blackball in the reign of King James VI. Robert Kelso. of Kelsoland sold these
lands to Patrick Shaw, a son of the House of Greenock ; but he dying without
succession, the estate came to the Laird of Greenock, and his nephew sold the
lands of Kelsoland to Robert Kelso of Haling, descended of the family of Kelso-
land : He married a daughter of John Osburn, provost of Ayr, by whom he had
John Kelso, late Deputy-Collector and sole Surveyor of Newport-Glasgow, and
William Kelso of Dankeith, in the shire of Ayr, Writer to the Signet ; he, by his
wife, a daughter of Dunlop of that Ilk, left behind him a son, Robert, to succeed
him in the lands of Dankeith, and carries the above arms with a suitable differ-
ence.

The name of YULE, gules, a garb or, between three crescents argent. (Font's
MS.) And in the same book, others of that name, argent, a fesse sable, between
two crescents in chief, and a cross-moline in base g ules.

JOHN YULE of Darleith, argent, on a fesse, between three crescents sable, a garb
or, banded g ules ; crest, an ear of wheat, proper : motto, Numine & virtute.
N. R.

WILLIAM YULE of Leehouses, argent, on a fesse sable, between two crescents
in chief, and a saltier couped in base gules, a garb or: motto, Per vim & virtutem.

In England many families carry garbs, as WILLIAM HATTON Viscount HATTON,
azure, a cheveron between three garbs or.

The name of HOLDESHEAFF, azure, a garb argent.

OF FLOWERS AND LEAVES,

WHICH arc frequent in armories, upon account of their beauty, and good
qualities : " Sunt vero omnes flores in genere, spei hieroglyphica," as Hopingius
says. They are carried also as relative to the names of the bearers, of which I
shall give some instances of them in arms, and by whom, with their particular at-*
tributes in the following blazons. I shall begin with the thistle and rose, the
known badges of Scotland and England.

The thistle, the most ancient badge with us upon record, not only upon account
of its nature, and frequent growth in Scotland, but chiefly for its aptness to ex-
press the effect of courage, holden forth by its known and much commend-
ed motto, Nemo me impune lacesset. And Hopingius, speaking of the thistle,
cap. 9. page 635. says, " Inter herbas, Canluum clypeum sive tutelam denotare,
" argumento est equestris ordinis apud Scotos Ordo, diflicultatis in agendo signum."
It has for many ages been the ensign of the most ancient and noble Order of St

5 A

37o OF FLOWERS AND LEAVES.

Andrew, or the Thistle; of which more particularly in another place, and shall
only here mention it as an armorial figure.

The thi.tfle, as a part of the royal achievement of Scotland, has been in use to
be granted by our kings, as an additament of honour to their well-deserving sub-
jects : As to Keith Earl of Kintore, Leslie Earl of Leven, Sir Hugh Herries of
Cousland, and Sir George Ogilvie of Barras, of whom before, in their armorial
bearings.

The roses of England were first publicly assumed as devices by the sons of
Edward III. ; John of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster used the red rose for the badge
of his family, and his brother Edward, who was created Duke of York, anno 1385,
took a white rose for his device, which the fautors and followers of them and their
heirs did afterwards bear for distinction, in that bloody war between the two Houses
of York and Lancaster : Which two families being happily united by Henry VII.
the male-heir of the House of Lancaster, in marrying Princess Elizabeth, the
eldest daughter and heiress of Edward IV. of the House of York, in anno 1486,
the two roses were united in one, which became the royal badge of England. The
eldest daughter of that union and marriage was Margaret, queen to King James IV.
and their great-grandchild, King James VI. in right of his great-grandmother,
succeeded by right, and peaceably, to the Kingdom of England, and was crowned
in the year 1603, uniting the two kingdoms of Scotland and England in his person, for
which he caused place on some of his coins, the epigraph, Henricus Rosas, Regna
Jacobus; and afterwards, when a treaty of a nearer union was on foot between the
two kingdoms, he placed on other coins, half a thistle, and half a rose, joined in
one, with the motto, Fecit eos in gentem unam. His son, King Charles I. when he
was crowned in the abbey church of Holyroodhouse, the iSth day of June 1633,
caused place on his coronation-pieces a great thistle, with many stalks and heads,
arising from one root, or stem, with the epigraph Hinc nostrcc crevere rosa, to sig-
nify, that his right and title to the roses of England grew from the old Scots
thistle. King James I. of Great Britain was the first who adorned the compart-
ment of his achievement, whereon the supporters stand, with a thistle vert, flower-
ed gules, issuing out of the right side, and out of the left a rose gules, stalked and
leaved vert, the badges of the two kingdoms; that of England being altogether
red, to show that the right of Lancaster was better than that of York, in the per-
son of King Henry VII. But to proceed to roses as armorial figures.

Roses, when they are represented in arms with stalks and leaves in blazon, they
are said to be stalked and leaved of such a tincture ; and the French say, tigees and
feuillees. When the heart of the rose is of a different tincture from the body, we
say seeded ; as also of other flowers, the French bouttonnee, and the Latins, Rosas
gemmatas, as Imhoflf in his blazons of the families of the empire ; as of that of the
family of EGGENBERG, " Parmula argentea, quinque rosas rubeas foliolis viridibus
" ornatas, atque auro gemmatas, & in quincuncem dispositas, continens ;" thus
by the French, d1 argent, a cinque roses de gueules feuillees de sinople, ttf bouttonnecs
d'or, misees en sautoir, i. e. argent, five roses gules, barbed vert, and seeded or, in
saltier, 2, i and 2.

The custom of the Pope's blessing of roses and other flowers, which they were in
use to send to their favourites, has occasioned the bearing of such in arms, as these
in the bearing of GRENOBLE, which Menestrier tells us are of that sort.

Again, many carry roses as relative to their names, as the house of ROSENSPAR,
in Denmark, charged their cheveron with three roses ; and the house of BOUR-
SAULT DE VIANTES in France, (as Menestrier) argent, three rose-buds gules, leaved
sinople ; because in their country buds of roses are called boursaults.

The town of MONTROSE, a burgh-royal, as relative to the name, carries roses ;
thus in the Lyon Register of arms, argent, a rose gules, with helmet, mantling,
and wreath, suitable thereto ; crest, an hand issuing from a cloud, and reaching
down a garland of roses, proper ; supporters, two mermaids arising from the sea,
proper : motto, Mare ditat, Rosa dccorat ; which are upon the face of the town
seal ; and upon the reverse of it, gules, St Peter on his proper cross, with the keys
hanging at his girdle or.

DAVID LINDSAY Earl of CRAWFORD, being the first that was honoured with the
title and dignity of Duke of MOKTROSE for life, from that place, in the reign of

OF FLOWERS AND LEAVES. 371

King James III. took, as an addition to his arms, an escutcheon argent, charged
with a rose g ulcs, which he carried by way of surtout over his own arms. And
William Lord Graham, when first dignified with the title of Earl ot" Montrose,
quartered with his own, argent, three roses gules, for Montrose ; and the family
being afterwards raised to the high titles of Marquis and Duke of Montrose, carry
the same arms.

The name of WEDDERBURN (argent, a cheveron between three roses gules,
barbed vert') is from the lands of Wedderburn, lying in the shire of Berwick ;
which barony has been a long time possessed by the Humes, designed of Wedder-
burn, since the reign of Robert III. of whom before.

ALEXANDER. WEDDERBURN of Easter-Powrie, argent, a cheveron between three
roses gules ; crest, an eagle's head erased, proper: motto, Non degener. N. R.

Sir ARCHIBALD WEDDERBURN of Blackness, argent, on a cheveron between three
roses gules, barbed vert, a crescent of the first ; crest, an eagle's head erased,
proper: motto, Aquila non cfipt/it muscas. L. R.

KLACKADDER of that Ilk, sometime another ancient family in the shire of Ber-
wick, azure, on a cheveron argent, three roses gules, which is now carried in the
first quarter of the achievement of Hume of Blackadder, whose progenitor John
Hume, fourth son of Hume of Wedderburn, who was killed at Flodden, married
the heiress of Blackadder of that Ilk. See Plate of Achievements.

BLACKADDER of Tulliallan, the heir-male of Blackadder of that Ilk, carried the
foresaid arms of Blackadder. quartered in the first place with argent, three cre-
scents gules, for marrying Edmondston, one of the co-heiresses of Tulliallan.
Font's and Workman's Manuscripts. And on the house of Falahall, so often
mentioned, they are thus illuminated, quarterly, first and fourth or, three cre-
scents gules ; second and third gules, on a cheveron argent, three roses of the
first.

KNOWS of that Ilk, gules, on a cheveron argent, three roses of the first. Work-
man's MS.

LOCKERBY of that Ilk, gules a cheveron argent between three roses or. Font's
Manuscript.

The lands of Lockerby have been for a long time possessed by some of the name
of Johnston.

The name of HOPPER, argent, three roses gules. Font's MS.

The name of JOUSEY or JOSSEY, argent, a cheveron between two roses in chief,
and a hunting-horn in base sable. Ibid.

But in our New Register, Mr ROBERT JOSSEY of Westpans, argent, a fesse be-
tween two stars in chief azure, and a hunting-horn in base sable, garnished gules ;
crest, an eye, proper : motto, Je vois.

JOHN JOSSEY, second brother of Westpans, carries the same ; but, for his differ-
ence, waves the fesse ; crest, the same as before : motto, Manuque. He being
chirurgeon-apothecary in Edinburgh ; his son is the present laird of Westpans.

The name of CADZOW or CADYOW, argent, a cheveron between three roses gules.
Otherwise, as in Font's Manuscript, argent, a cheveron sable, between two roses
in chief gules, and a holly leaf in base vert.

The name of MERRY, argent, on a bend azure, a crescent betwixt two mullets
of the first ; in the sinister chief point, three roses gules, growing out of one stalk,
•vert, and the same in the dexter flank point. Og. MS.

The name of LOCK.IE, argent, on a fesse sable, three roses of the first. Font's
Manuscript.

The name of FITZ-JAMES in England, ermine, a rose gules, leaved -vert, and seed-
ed or. Ibid.

The name of YOUNG in England, argent, three roses gules. Art. Her.

ROSE of Hasland in Derbyshire, sable, on a cheveron argent, three roses gules,
seeded and barbed, proper ; in the dexter chief point, a close helmet of the se-
cond. Ibid.

With us the name of PRIMROSE, as univocally relative to their name, carry
primroses, viz. argent, on a fesse azure, betwixt three primroses gules, as many
mullets or. As in the old Book of Bass, and Font's MS.

372 OF FLOWERS AND LEAVES.

I find several learned men of that name, as Dr Gilbert Primrose, mentioned by
Echard in his History of England, amongst the eminent men, who died anno 1642.
Who, as he tells us, was particularly recommended by the King himself, to the
University of Oxford, for his great worth and learning, and afterwards by the
same King made a canon of Windsor. And Dr James Primrose, his son, an emi-
nent physician, as appears by sundry volumes of his in 410, which I have seen
printed at Rotterdam. As I have also seen a treatise in divinity, written by Mr
David Primrose, and printed at London anno 1638.

Archibald Primrose, son to Duncan Primrose, descended of the Primroses of
that Ilk, acquired the lands of Burnbrae from the abbacy of Culross ; and had
two sons : viz. James Primrose, who was Principal Clerk to the Privy Council of
Scotland, in the reign of King James VI. and Mr David Primrose of Whitehouse;
with an only daughter, named Euphan, married to Sir George Bruce of Carnock,
ancestor to the Earls of Kincardine.

The above-named James, having continued in his office for many years, was
succeeded in the same office by his three sons ; of whom Gilbert the eldest left an
only son, who died unmarried; and James the youngest left an only daughter
married to Walter Lord Torphichen.

Archibald Primrose, the second son, was knighted by King Charles I. and after-
wards dignified with the honour of Knight-Baronet by King Charles II. anno 1651.
And on his Majesty's Restoration anno 1660, was made Lord Register, and one of
the Senators of the College of Justice.

He twice married, first Elizabeth, daughter to James Keith of Benholm, second
son to George Earl Marischal, by whom he had issue, three sons and two daughters.

The first, Sir James Primrose of Barnbougle, who died before his father, leaving
issue (by Elizabeth his wife, daughter to Sir Robert Sinclair of Longformacus) a
daughter, his sole heir, married to George Home of Kimmergham, to whom she
bore a son, who died without issue.

His second son was Sir William Primrose of Carrington, the heir of the family.

His third son, Major General Gilbert Primrose.

The first daughter, Margaret, was married to Sir John Foulis of Ravelston, whose
son got the estate of Dunipace, upon his carrying the names and arms of Primrose,
which his grandson Sir Archibald now does. And the second daughter, Katharine,
\vas married to Sir David Carnegie of Pittarrow, Bart. Secondly, he married
Agnes Gray, daughter to Sir William Gray of Pittendrum, by whom he had one
son and one daughter ; Archibald Primrose of Dalmeny, and Grizzel married to
Francis Lord Sempill.

The achievements of Sir ARCHIBALD PRIMROSE of Carrington, Bart. Clerk-Regis-
ter, is thus matriculated in the Lyon Office, or, a lion rampant vert, armed and
langued gules, (being a concession by King Charles II. to him for his loyalty as
mentioned in the Lyon Register) surmounting a fesse purpure, charged with three
primroses of the field ; crest, a demi-lion gules, holding forth in his dexter paw a
primrose, proper : motto, Fide IS fiducia.

Sir Archibald was succeeded by Sir WILLIAM PRIMROSE of Carrington, Baronet,
the eldest surviving son of the first marriage ; he married Mary, daughter of Sir
Patrick Scott of Thirlestane, by whom he had Sir James, his successor, who car-
ried as his father, and was in the year 1703, raised to the honour of Viscount of
PRIMROSE, Lord Primrose of Castlefield ; he married Eleanor Campbell, daughter
of James Earl of Loudon, by whom he has issue, Archibald his successor, who car-
ries now vert, three primroses within- a double tressure, flowered and counter-
flowered or, supported by two leopards regardant, proper, collared and chained or,
the collars charged with three primroses vert ; crest, a demi-lion gules, holding
in his dexter paw a primrose or: motto, Fide IS fidticia. ViiL Plate of Achieve-
ments.

Sir ARCHIBALD PRIMROSE of Dalmeny, eldest lawful son of the second marriage to
the desceased Sir Archibald Primrose of Carrington, Lord Register, and thereafter
Justice-General, procreate betv/een him and Agnes Gray, daughter to Sir William
Gray of Pittendrum, bears two coats, quarterly, first and fourth or, a lion ram-
pant vert, armed and langued gules, as the coat of augmentation given by King
Charles II. to Sir Archibald the father, as a mark of his Majesty's royal favour,

OF FLOWERS AND LEAVES.

for his service to the crown during the late troubles ; second and tliiid argct:t, on
u fesse azure, between three primroses vert, as many mullets or, the paternal coat
of Primrose ; crest, a lion rampant gules, holding in his dexter paw a primrose,
proper : motto, Munus et munimen, as by his patent of arms, extracted by him out
of the Lyon Office, the 2oth of October 1693.

Which Sir Archibald was in the year 1700 advanced to the dignity and title of
Viscount of Rosebery, and afterwards raised to the honour of li.ul of ROSEBERY,
in the year 1703. He married Dorothea, daughter and heir of Everingham Crcssy
of Bilking, in tiie county of York, by whom lie has issue. Since he was digni-
fied, lie uses other arms, vi/. or, three primroses within a double treasure, ilo\vr-
ed and counter-flowered <fu/*r; supporters, two lions •vert; crest, a demi-lion^w/n,
holding in his dexter paw a primrose gules: motto, Fide Is? fulucitt ; as in Mr
Crawfurd's Peerage of Scotland.

Lilies are not wanting in armories, of which there are two sorts, the lilies of
the garden, and the lilies of the flag, such as these of France ; the first are used
as the emblem of the Virgin Mary, upon which account, Ferdinand King of Ar-
ragon, in the year 1403, in honour of her, instituted an order of knighthood,
under the name of the Lily.

The collar of the order of the Lily was composed of bough-pots, filkd with
white lilies, interchanged with griffins, (as Favin in his Theatre of Honour) which
is to be seen cut in Ashmole's Institutions of the Garter.

These are also used in that sense by the town of DUNDEE, whose patron saint
was the Virgin Mary, azure, a bough-pot full of lilies of the garden ; and WIN-
CHESTER COLLEGE in England, sable, three lilies argent.

The surname of LILLIE, with us, and the English, carry them as relative to
their names, the first azure, a crescent or, between three lilies argent. Pout's Ma-
nuscript.

These of that name in England, parted per cheveron, argent and gules, three
lilies counter-changed of the same.

The other lilies, as those of France, so well known, being carried through
Europe by most of the sovereign princes, and other noble families, is called the
Jlower of the flag, and differs from the lilies of the garden, having only but three
leaves, is by the Latins called Jios iridis, and by the French Jleur de Piris ; being
always called the flower of the rainbow or iridis, which the French call Jieur-de-
lis, from the river Lis, as some will ; and anciently Jlanu or Jlambs, which figni-
fies the same : Whence the Royal Standard of France was called the oriflam or
oriflambe, being a blue banner, charged with golden flower-de-luces, a suitable
figure, say some, for the Franks, who came from the marishes of Frie'iland. They
tell us, that the Franks of old had a custom at the choosing or proclaiming of
their kings, to place him aloft above their heads upon a shield or target, and put
in his right hand a flag with its flower, in place of a sceptre ; and from it the
kings of the first and second race of France are represented with sceptres in their
hands, like to the flag with its flower ; and which flowers became the. armorial
figures of France.

There are other stories about the flower-de-luces of France, as that a banner of
them came down from heaven; but as to the time and manner of its descent these
historians diiVer. Gerson says, that St Dennis gave it to the family of France
Nicol Gillies will have that banner to be brought by an angel to King Clovis after
his baptism ; and Nicolas Upton, an English writer, who lived about the year
1428, says, that an angel from heaven gave a blue banner, seine of flower-de-
luces, to Charlemagne.

Menestrier says, the occasion of these fables was founded upon Pope Leo III.
his reception of Charlemagne at Rome, where he declared him with all ceremony
Defender of the Church of St Peter, and gave him the keys and a blue banner,
seme of flower-de-luces of gold ; the banner being of the heavenly colour, blue,
was called I'exillum cn-leste ; and having Come from the Pope, the Vicar of Christ,
through the ignorance of these times, it was commonly believed to have come
from heaven, and confirmed by the great success that Charlemagne had in his
wars, where that banner was displayed ; yet, says our author, that was not the
first time that the banner of France -was seen adorned with flower-de-luces; for all

OF FLOWERS AND LEAVES.

the regalia of the preceding Kings of France are known to have been adorned
with flower-de-luces.

The French have not been wanting to magnify highly this flower, and celebrate
it with many eulogies. Guillim Nanges, in his History of St Lewis, says, that it
consists of three leaves, which represent Faith, Wisdom, and Valour; and as Ho-
pingius de Jure Insignium, cap. 6. N. 424. that in the middle, Faith, supported
by the other two, the Wisdom and Valour of France. I

Churchmen have not been wanting in their mystical applications to the honour
of this flower, heaping together all the places of Holy Writ, where the lily is men-
tioned, and applying them to it, from the sixth chapter of St Matthew, verse 28.
and the 12th of St Luke, verse 2,7, Consider (he lilies of the field how they grow,
they toil not, neither do they spin ; [Lilia non labor ant, neque nentj ; whence they
draw devices, and apply them to the Salique law, which excludes women from
succeeding to the crown of France; and, from the other piece of Holy Writ, Con-
siderate quomodo lilia crescunt, they magnify their Kings above Solomon, Nee Solo-
mon in omni gloria sua coopertus est, sicut unum ex istis: And after the same manner
they made use of that passage in the first chapter of the first book of Esdras, Ex
onuiibus floribus orbis elegisti tibi lilium unum, which they made the inscription of
the reverse of that coin, called Louis d'or, where two angels carried a shield, on
which was a flower-de-luce; and even from the pillars and other ornaments of the
Church of Jerusalem, whereon were wrought lilies and other flowers, they bring
mysterious applications and explications, to the honour of the French lilies, which
gave offence, especially to the Spaniards, who magnify their armorial figures, the
Lion and Castle with the like stories.

ChifHetius, a Spaniard, wrote a piece called Anastasis Childerici, after the open-
ing of the old monument at Tournay, where the body of Childeric I. had lain for
a long time, in which was found his ring, with some medals of the French Em-
perors, and a great number of small things like gilded bees ; from which Chirac -
tius took occasion to assert, that the arms of France were anciently bees, and that
Louis le Jeune was the first king that used the flower-de-luces.

Monsieur Tristan, a Frenchman, in answer to Chiflletius, takes in hand to prove
that the flower-de-luce was the first and ancient bearing of France ; and besides
many stories he tells, that it has been always the device of France in adorning
the sceptres, crowns, royal robes, shields and standards, the regalia of France.

The learned Menestrier, not fond of legends, makes it appear that Louis le
Jeune was not the first king that carried the flower-de-luce, though he was termed
Ludovicus F/orus, from a blessed flower that Pope Alexander presented with him ;
it being a custom of the Popes of old to compliment princes with consecrated
flowers ; and no doubt they were such as represent these in their arms.

That the flower-d^e-luce was more ancient than Ludovicus Florus, Menestrier
asserts that he has seen the armorial seal of King Philip, great-grandfather of this
Louis, charged with flower-de-luces, appended to a Deed of Mortification to the
abbacy of St Martins de Pointois, which ever since occasioned that abbacy to carry
one of them for its arms ; and says, that the regalia of France were adorned with
flower-de-luces, which were the fixed sovereign figures of France many ages before
Louis le Jeune. And that those figures, for their royal antiquity, were affected by
many princes ; and, among others, by our King Achaius, who took them into his
imperial ensign, to adorn the double tressure, the badge of the league between
him and Charlemagne. And several other writers tell us, that Edward III. of Eng-
land was not so much fond of, his pretensions to the crown of France, as he was
of the sovereign figures of that kingdom, which he quartered in the first place
before these of England, being then azure, semt of flower-de-luces or.

Charles VI. of France, who began to reign in the year 1380, reduced the inde-
finite number of flower-de-luces to three, disposed two and one, upon what ground
! cannot learn ; some conjecture upon account of the Trinity, others say to repre-
sent the different races of the Kings of France. These three flower-de-luces were
placed by that king's order on a shield, after the form of the three crescents affront e,
with these words, Lilia crescunt, to signify that, being of a smaller number than
before, they would increase ; and this form of a shield gave occasion to some to al-
lege, that the arms of France were crescents after that king's reducing the in-

OF FLOWERS AND LEAVES. 375

definite number of the French lilies to three. King Edward V. of England re-
duced also the number of the flower-de-luces in his bearing to three.

The flower-de-luces are very famous through Europe, being borne by many
princes and persons of high dignity, not only in adorning the imperial crowns of
England and Scotland; by the first, to show a right of pretension ; and by the second,
its unity with France ; but also in armorial ensigns by sovereign princes, as the
Medici, and the family of Este in Italy, and in the arms of eminent churches and
abbacies, find great cities, to show their acknowledgment and subjection ; as also
many noble families in Boulogne and Genoa carry flower-de-luces, to acknowledge
the rise of their greatness to France; as many other families do in other countries,
and some with us, as the Dukes of Lennox, who quartered the arms of France
with their own, upon the account of the noble Feus they were honoured with in
that kingdom. Others upon the account of concessions, and others to show their
origin from France, of which I could give many instances, if it were not out of
my road. But to proceed to armorial bearings :

The name of MONTGOMERY, azure, three flower-de-luces or, as being originally
from France, as the learned Camden, and especially Edmond Howes, in his His-
tory of England, page 177. and 135. tell us, that Roger de Montgomery came to
England with William the Conqueror, and founded the Church of Shrewsbury ; and
that his son Robert, upon some discontent, came to Scotland, where he got a fair
inheritance in the shire of Renfrew. One Robert de Mundegumry, so writ with
us, is a witness in the charter of foundation of the Monastery of Paisley, in the
year 1160, in the reign of King Malcolm IV. Allan, de Mundegumry is likewise
to be found in the Register of Paisley, in the reign of King Alexander III. And
in Prynnc's Catalogue of the Barons of Scotland, that were convened by King
Edward I. there is one John Mundegomery. King Robert the Bruce gives a
charter of the lands of Stahar to Allan de Montgomery, son of the deceased John
de Montgomery ; and the same King gives a charter to Allan de Montgomery, the
son of Allan, of the lands of Stair, upon his father Allan's resignation ; as in
Rot. Rob. I.

There were then several families of the name, but the principal one was design-
ed of Eaglesham: Sir JOHN MONTGOMERY of Eaglesham, in the reign of Robert II.
anno 1388, being at the battle of Otterburn, took with his own hands Sir Henry
Percy, son of the Earl of Northumberland, prisoner, and with his ransom built
the castle of Punoon ; he married the daughter and heir of Sir Hugh Eglinton of
that Ilk, and his lady Giles, daughter of Walter, High Steward of Scotland, and
half-sister to King Robert II. He got with her the baronies of Eglinton and Ar-
drossan, in Cuningham ; upon which account the family has been in use to quar-
ter the arms of Eglinton, gules, three annulets or, stoned azure, with these of
Montgomery before blazoned. Their son and successor, Sir John Mongomery,
was designed of Ardrossan ; and his son, Sir Alexander of Ardrossan, was made a
Lord of Parliament, by the title of Lord Montgomery : He had with his wife
Margaret, a daughter of Thomas Boyd of Kilmarnock, two sons, Alexander and
George, the first of the family of Skelmurly.

Which Alexander died before his father, and left two sons behind him, by Eli-
zabeth his wife, a daughter of Hepburn of Hailes, Alexander, who succeeded his
grandfather, and Robert the first of Broadston, of whom Hugh Montgomery Earl
of Mount-Alexander, of the kingdom of Ireland.

Which Alexander, the grandson, was Lord Montgomery after his grandfather's
death, and was father of Hugh Lord Montgomery, who was created Earl of Eg-
linton, by King James IV. 1503. He married Helen, daughter of Colin, first
Earl of Argyle, by whom he had three sons and several daughters ; first, John,
called Master of Eglinton ; second son. Sir Neil Montgomery of Lainslmw ; and,
the third son, William of Stnne, of whom the Montgomeries of Auchinhood.

Which John, the Master, died before his father, and left a son, Hugh, who suc-
ceeded his grandfather, and was second Earl of Eglinton ; he married Marion,
daughter of George Lord Seaton, by whom he had only one son, Hugh, third
Earl of Eglinton, who married a daughter of Drummond of Innerpcffrey, by whom
he had two sons, Hugh and Robert of Giffen ; and two daughters, Margaret the
eldest, married to Robert, first Earl of Winton, of whom before ; and Agnes, to

37(5 OF FLOWERS AND LEAVES.

Robert Lord Sempill ; which Hugh, fourth Earl of Eglinton, was succeeded by
his son, Hugh Montgomery, fifth Earl of Eglinton, who died without any
issue, anno 1612, and settled his estate, by virtue of an entail, upon his cousin-
german, Alexander Seaton, son of Robert, first Earl of Winton, and his lady
Margaret Montgomery, aunt of the last Earl ; which Alexander accordingly suc-
ceeded to the estate, but could not enjoy the title of Earl till his Majesty was
pleased to confer it upon him for the great merits of the family of Seaton ; and was
obliged by the late Earl of Eglinton's destination, to assume the name »and arms
of Montgomery ; which he accordingly did, and marshalled his arms first, as.
painted on- the house of Seaton, thus, quarterly, first and fourth azure, three
riower-de-luces or, for Montgomery; second and third gules, three annulets or,
stoned azure, for Eglinton, and over all, by way of surtout, an escutcheon of the
paternal arms of Seaton ; which surtout was afterwards disused ; and since, the
Earls have been in use to carry Montgomery and Eglinton quarterly, within a
bordure or, charged within a double tressure counter-flowered gules ; crest, a gentle-
woman, or the picture of hope, dressed in an ancient rich apparel azure, holding in
tier dexter hand an anchor, and, in the sinister, a savage-head by the hair: motto,
Garde bien, (the crest and motto of the family of Eglinton) ; supporters, two
dragons vert, vomiting fire, being the crest of the Earl of Winton, to show their
descent from that family, having before used two women or angels in Dalmatic
habits, for supporters.

This ALEXANDER SEATON, who took upon him the name of Montgomery, and was
Earl of EGLINTON, for his valour was to-named Gray-Steel ; he had with his wife
Anne, daughter of Alexander, first Earl of Linlithgow, several sons and daugh-
ters ; the eldest, Hugh, his successor, was Earl of Eglinton, and father of Alex-
ander Earl of Eglinton, the grandfather of the present Alexander Earl of Eglin-
ton.

I shall here speak to the branches of this honourable family, whose arms I find
in the ancient and modern books of Blazon that have occurred to me.

Sir ROBERT MONTGOMERY of Skelmtirly, Baronet, whose progenitor was George,
a second son of Alexander, first Lord Montgomery, carries in our Old and New
Registers, quarterly, first and fourth Montgomery ; second and third Eglinton,
over all, in the centre, a two-handed sword in pale, proper ; crest, a heart sur-
mounted of an eye, proper.

MONTGOMERY of Broadston, the first of which family was Robert Montgomery,
second son of Alexander, first Lord Montgomery, who died before his father ; and
of this family of Broadston, descended Hugh Montgomery Earl of Mount-Alex-
ander of Ireland. This family carried, as in Esplin's Illuminated Book of Arms,
quarterly, first and fourth Montgomery ; second and third Eglinton, and, by way
of surtout, an escutcheon argent, charged (as I took it by the painting) with a
boar's head couped gules.

MONTGOMERY of Scotston, in the abovementioned book, quarterly, first and
fourth Montgomery ; second and third Eglinton, and, by way of surtout, an es-
cutcheon charged with a hart's head cabossed.

Robert Montgomery of Scotston is recorded in the chartulary of Paisley to
have been an arbiter betwixt the abbot of that convent and the town of Renfrew,
in the year 1488 ; which family continued in the possession of these lands, being
a part of the inheritance of the family of Eglinton, of which this family was a
branch, till the reign of King Charles I. that John Montgomery of Scotston
alienated these lands ; and of this family was William Montgomery, who pur-
chased some lands in Kintyre, whose son now living there is John, father of three
sons; the eldest, William; the second, James, a sea-captain; the third, John,
Minister of the Gospel at Stewarton.

MONTGOMERY of GifTen, quarterly, first and fourth Montgomery, second and
third Eglinton; over all, dividing the quarters, a cross waved or, and in chief a
label of three points of the last. The first of this family was Robert, second son
of Hugh Earl of Eglinton, who married Margaret, daughter of Sir Matthew Camp-
bell of London, by whom he had one daughter, Elizabeth, his sole heir, married to
Hugh Earl of Eglinton..

OF FLOWERS: AND LEAVES. 381

the heiress of the name of Bisset, and one of the heirs of the name of Fentons.
The family was dignified with the title of Lord Lovat by King James I. the 3d of
March 1426.

Hugh, or Hucheon Fraser of Lovat, sat as a lord in Parliament in the year 1430,
of whom were descended the noble lords of that family. For their arms aL
blazoned see Plate of Achievements.

The other considerable family of the name was Sir ALEXANDER FRASER of Gowk-,
said to be descended of another younger son of the abovementioned Sir Alexander,
and his lady, sister to King Robert the Bruce. Sir Alexander Fraser is served
heir in the lands of Cowie, the I3th of September 1361. He married Jean Ross,
second daughter and one of the co-heirs of William Earl of Ross, and got with her
the lands of 1'hilorth, which became the designation of the family; and from them
was lineally descended Sir Alexander Fraser of Philorth ; to whom, by the death
of Alexander Abernethy Lord Salton, who had issue, the honours devolved, being
his sister's son, who, in right of his mother, was served heir to his grandfather tin-
Lord Salton, and by King Charles II. declared Lord Salton, and approven of in
Parliament 1670 ; whose great-grandson is the present Alexander Lord Salton, who
carries, quarterly, first azure, three cinquefoils argent, 2 and i, for Fraser; second
or, a lion rampant gules, bruised with a ribband sable, for Abernethy ; third argent,
three piles issuing from the chief, conjoined in points gules, for Wishart, (these
two last quarters were borne by Abernethy Lord Salton) and the fourth quarter
as the first ; and the supporters, crest and motto, are also the same used by Aber-
nethy Lord Salton, of which before.

Sir PETER FRASER of Dores, Baronet, was descended from the abovementioned
Sir Alexander Fraser, nephew to King Robert the Bruce, as by Mr Crawfurd's
Peerage: The family has been in use to carry the plain arms of the name, \'vi..
azure, three cinquefoils argent; and the same arms have been carried by Fraser of
Muchill.

ANDREW FRASER Lord FRASER of Muchill was dignified with that title by King
Charles I. 1633, and carried azure, three frases argent; crest, a mount full of
strawberries, leaved, flowered and fructuated, proper; supported on the dexter by a
talcon, and on the sinister by a heron, proper: motto, All my hope is in God.

HUGH FRASER of Belladrum, a second son of Culbeckie, who was a second son
of Lovat, procreate betwixt him and Jean, daughter to the Earl of Huntly, car-
ries, quarterly, as Lovat, within a bordure ingrailed and quartered, argent and
gules; crest, a stag starting, proper, attired or: motto, Virtutis lavs actio. N. R.

THOMAS FRASER of Strichen, descended of a second son of Alexander Lord Lo-
vat, and his wife, a daughter of Sir John Campbell of Calder, carries the quartered
arms of Lovat, within a bordure gules; crest, a stag's head couped, proper: motto,
Five ut postea vivas. Ibid.

FRASER of Eskdale, descended of a second son of Strowie, who was a second son
of Lovat, the quartered coat of Lovat, within a bordure indented argent, charged
with eight crescents gules ; crest, a stag's head couped, proper, attired or, and char-
ged with an increscent and decrescent interlaced gules: motto, Vel pax vel helium.
Ibid.

FRASER of Auchnagairn, a third son of Belladrum, carries his father's arms as
before; and, for difference, charges the bordure with eight mullets, all counter-
changed ; crest, a stag's head erased, proper, attired or, charged with a star of
eight rays, issuing from a crescent argent: motto, Pace & hello _ par atus. New
Register.

Mr SIMON FRASER of Fingask, fifth son of Belladrum, carries the same with Bel-
ladrum; and, for difference, charges the bordure with eight annulets counter-
changed; crest, as his brother, above: motto, Ubique par atus. Ibid.

ALEXANDER FRASER of Tyrie, descended of James- Fraser, a second son of Phi-
lorth, quarterly, first and fourth Fraser; second and third gules, a lion rampant
argent, armed and langued sable, with a crescent, for a brotherly difference; crest,
an ostrich holding in its beak a horse-shoe: motto, In God is all. Ibid.

Mr PATRICK FRASER of Broaclland, as above, the quartered arms of Philorth,
with a flower-de-luce for difference : motto, In God I trust. Ibid.

3S2 OF FLOWERS AND LEAVES.

Mr JAMES FRASER of Phoppachy, azure, three frases argent, within a borduiv
compone of the second and first; crest, a plicenix, proper: motto, NoTPtxtinguar.
Ibid.

Mr JAMES FRASER of Kirkton, in the shire of Forfar, quarterly, first and fourth
Fraser; second and ilnrd gules, a lion, rampant argent, all within a bordure indent-
ed of, crest, a bunch of strawberries, proper: motto, Nosce tnpsum. Ibid.

HENRY FRASER, Ross-Herald and Herald-Painter, parted per pale, azure and
argent, three cinquefoils counter-changed of the same ; crest, a winged globe,
surmounted of an eagle in a rising posture, proper: motto, In virfjite & fortune.
Ibid.

PHILIP FRASER, sometime Provost of Inverness, quarterly, first and fourth azure,
a fesse betwixt three frases argent; second and third argent, three antique crown *
g-.ilss; crest, a hand pointing with the fore-finger to an escrol above, in which is
the motto, Semper par all; recorded 1692.

The noble family of HAMILTON have, for their proper arms, gules, three cinque-
foils ermine, and derive their descent from the old Earls of Leicester in England,
and Mellant in Normandy, who carried gules, a cinquefoil ermine, the paternal
coat of Mellant.

The first of this family was Sir William de Hambleton, (so called from the manor
of Hambleton in Buckinghamshire, where he was born) who was third son to Ro-
bert Earl of Leicester, surnamed Blenchmains. This Sir William Hambleton is
said to have come to Scotland, when his elder brother, Roger, was Archbishop of
St Andrews, and Chancellor of Scotland, where he married the only daughter and
heir of Gilbert Earl of Strathern. Upon account of the marriage, and the frequent
wars that were between the two nations of Scotland and England, the said Sir
William was obliged to return to England, being an Englishman, and an enemy to
Scotland, for he lost his interest there.

From him was descended Sir Gilbert de Hambleton, who was obliged to leave
England, for killing one Spencer in a duel, in defence of King Robert I. and with
great difficulty made his escape to Scotland, where he was kindly received by that
king, who gave him considerable lands, as these of Cadzow in the county of
Lanark, (now called Hamilton) Edlewood, and several others : He married Isabel
Randolph, daughter to Sir James Randolph of Strathdon, and sister to Thomas
Earl of Murray, afterwards Governor of Scotland.

Their son and successor was Sir Walter Fitzgilbert de Hambleton :. He obtained
several charters of the lands of Cadxow, now Hamilton, and others, from King
Robert I. as one (in Had. Coll.) " Waltero filio Gilberti, militi, dilecto & fideli
" nostro, pro fideli servitio suo nobis impenso, & Mariae sponsae sua?, totam ba-
" roniam de Kennet in Vicecomitatu de Edinburgh, una cum Terris de Al-
" cathie,1' &c. %

I am not to give here a complete genealogical account of this noble family,
which may be had in Mr Crawfurd's Peerage, but only give a short account of
their advancement to titles of honour and dignity, and their armorial bearings,
with these of their cadets, which I have met with in our ancient and modern books
of arms.

The third in a lineal descent from the last-mentioned Sir Walter, was Sir James
Hamilton of that Ilk, who was created a peer, by the title of Lord Hamilton,
1445, all his lands being erected in a barony, called Hamilton: He married Janet-
Livingston, daughter of Alexander Livingston of Callendar, in the minority of King
James II. and with her had James, second Lord Hamilton, who married Mary,
eldest daughter to_ that king. By her he had James, third Lord Hamilton, who
was created Earl of Arran by King James IV. 1503, who gave to him the Island
of Arran, the arms of which he and his successors have been in use to quarter with-
those of Hamilton. He was thrice married; first to a daughter of the Lord Drum-
mond, by whom he had only a daughter, Margaret, married to Andrew Stewart
Lord Evandale ; and secondly, to a daughter of the Lord Home, by whom he had
no issue; and thirdly, he married Janet, daughter to Sir David Beaton of Creich,
by wiiom he had James, who succeeded him; and two daughters, one married to
Archibald Earl of Argyle, and another to Alexander Earl of Glencairn. This
Earl died in the year 1530.

OF FLOWERS AND LEAVES.

Which James, the fourth Lord Hamilton, and second Karl of A rran, after the
death of King James V. was declared Governor <,t Scotland, and tutor to the in-
fant O^iicen iMary. He uas d long tune governor after Queen Mary went unto
France, and was made a Knight of the Holy Ghost, and created a Duke of Char
heraultjn that kingdom. The collar of the Order of St Michael was placed round
his quartered arms, being those of Hamilton and Arran, which are to be seen in
our illuminated books of blazon, and other paintings, especially on that curious
roof of Samson's Hall in the House of Seaton. He had to wife Lady Marg;
Douglas, eldest daughter to the Earl of Morton, and by her had issue four
and three daughters. He was succeeded by his second son, John, commendator
of Aberbrothock, the eldest dying without issue. This lord was forfeited with his
father, for adhering to Queen Mary, and the estate and dignity of Arran given to
one Captain James Stewart, but afterwards was reponed to his fortune and digni-
ties by King James VI. and John Earl of .Vran was afterwards solemnly created
Marquis of Hamilton, anno 1599, being the first that enjoyed that dignity in Scot-
land. He married Margaret Lyon, daughter to the Lord Glammis, Chancellor of
Scotland, by whom he had issue, James, who succeeded him, and a daughter mar-
ried to John Lord Maxwell, ancestor to the Earls of Nithsdale.

James, second Marquis of Hamilton, and fourth Earl of Arran, was honoured
with the title of Earl of Cambridge in England, and installed one of the Knights
of the most noble Order of the Garter, anno 1619. He married Anne Cunningham,
daughter to the Earl of Glencairn, by whom he had James and William, suc-
cessively Dukes of Hamilton, and three daughters, married to the Earls of Ci ,
turd, Eglinton, and Drumlanrig.

James, the third Marquis of Hamilton, was created Duke of Hamilton in the
year 1643, and made a Knight of the Garter by King James VI. He married
Lady Mary Fielding, daughter to William Earl of Denbigh, by Susanna Villiers,
sister to the Duke of Buckingham ; who bore him three sons and three daughters.
The sons were, Charles, James, and William ; but they, and the Lady Mary, the
eldest daughter, died young: The other two daughters were, Lady Anne, thereafter
Dutchess of Hamilton, and Lady Susanna, married to John Earl of Cassilis. The
duke was condemned in England, by the same pretended court of justice which
had condemned King Charles I. and accordingly was beheaded the 9th of March,
and his corpse was brought down and buried at Hamilton amongst his ancestors.

William, second Duke of Hamilton, fourth Marquis, and sixth Earl of Arran,
succeeded his brother Duke James in these dignities; he died in the year 1651,
leaving behind him, by his lady, Elizabeth Maxwell, eldest daughter to the Earl
of Dirleton, four daughters, Lady Anne, Elizabeth, Mary, and Margaret, married
to the Earls of Southesk, Glencairn, Callendar, and the Laird of Blair.

He was succeeded by ANNE Dutchess of HAMILTON, his neice, and eldest daugh-
ter to his brother Duke James ; she married WILLIAM Earl of SELKIRK, eldest son
ot William Marquis of Douglas, by his second wife Lady Mary Gordon, daughter
to the Marquis of Huntly ; who was raised to the dignity of Duke of Hamilton in
1661, for his own lifetime, and soon after made a Kjnght of the Garter. He car-
ried, quarterly, first grand quarter, quartered, first and fourth gules, three cinque-
foils t'i'mine, for Hamilton; second and third argent, a ship with her sails furled up'
sable, for the title of Arran, carried by the family of Hamilton; second grand-
quarter, a man's heart gules, ensigned with an imperial crown or, and, on a chief
azure, three stars of the first, for Douglas; third grand quarter as the second, and
fourth as first. Here the arms of Hamilton are preferred to his own, being mar-
dialled in the first quarter, as I think, upon the account of feudal arms, being in-
vested in that dutchy for life, and taking upon him the name of the family: Upon
which account, and others, the wife's, or maternal coat, is sometimes placed in the
first and fourth quarters, when the husband, or heir, derive not only their heri-
tage, but their title and dignity from the wife or mother; which arms were sur-
rounded with the garter, and timbred with helmet and volets befitting his quality;
and, in place of his wreath, a ducal crown, and thereupon, for crest, a tree, proper,
with an iron saw through it; and the word Through, for motto; supporters, two
antelopes, proper. He had issue, by Anne, his dutchess, aforesaid, James Earl of
Arran, who succeeded him, Lord William, who died in France unmarried, Charle.^

384 OF FLOWERS AND LEAVES.

Earl of Selkirk, John Earl of Rutherglen, George Earl of Orkney, Lord Basil,
and Lord Archibald ; and three daughters, Lady Katharine, married to the Duke
of Athol; Lady Susan, married first to the Earl of Dundonald, and afterwards to
the Marquis of Tweeddale; and Lady Margaret, married to James Earl of Pan-
mure.

JAMES Eari of ARRAN succeeded his father. His mother, the dutchess, in her
lifetime, made a surrender of her titles in favours of him ; and a patent was signed,
creating him Duke of Hamilton, with precedency in the same manner as though
he had succeeded thereto by his mother's death: And, in the year 1711, he was
created a peer of Great Britain, by the title of Duke of Brandon, in Com. Suffolk,
and Baron of Dutton, in Com. Cest. and the year following, upon the death of the
Earl of Rivers, he was made Master-General of the Ordnance, and soon after
elected one of the Knights Companions of the most noble Order of the Garter,
and was allowed to have both the ensigns of Orders of the Thistle and Garter
placed round his arms. The I5th of November 1712, he was unfortunately mur-
dered in a duel with Charles Lord Mohun. He had to his first wife Lady Anne
Spencer, daughter to the Earl of Sunderland, by whom he had two daughters,
who died young. He married to his second wife Elizabeth Gerard, daughter and
sole heir to Digby Lord Gerard of Broomley, with whom he had a very consider-
able estate in Lancashire and Staffordshire, and by her had Lady Elizabeth and
Lady Katharine, who died young; James, now Duke of Hamilton, his heir and
successor; Lady Charlotte, Lord William, Lady Susan, and Lord Anne, so named
in regard of Queen Anne who was his god-mother. He carried, when Earl of
Arran and Duke of Hamilton, only, quarterly, first and fourth Hamilton, second
and third Arran, surrounded with the collar of the Thistle, and with that of the
Garter, supported by two antelopes, proper, gorged with ducal crowns, and chains
thereto affixed, passing betwixt their fore-legs, and reflexing over their backs or;
and for crest, a tree issuing out of a ducal coronet, with a saw fesse-ways through,
it : motto, Through, As in Plate of Achievements.

The branches and cadets of this noble family, with their blazons, are these :

JAMES Earl of ABERCORN, Lord Paisley, Viscount of Strabane, and Lord Mount-
castle in Ireland; quarterly, first and fourth Hamilton, second and third Arran,
with a label of three points argent, in chief, for difference; with the crest, motto,
and supporters of the Duke of Hamilton, as before.

The first of this family was Lord Claud Hamilton, third son of James, the
fourth Lord Hamilton, second Earl of Arran, and Duke of Chattelherault in
France, by his wife, Lady Margaret Douglas, daughter of James Earl of Morton.
King James VI. erected the lands belonging to the abbacy of Paisley into a tem-
poral lordship, in favours, of Lord Claud Hamilton, the 2pth of August 1587;
and in the year 1591, created him a lord of Parliament, by the title of Lord
Paisley; he died 1621. He had by his lady, Margaret Seaton, daughter of George
Lord Seaton, James Lord Paisley, who was created Earl of Abercorn the loth of
July 1606, before his father died, of whom is descended the present James Earl of
Abercorn.

Sir THOMAS HAMILTON of Byres, was. son to Sir Thomas of Priestfield, and grand-
child of Thomas Hamilton of Drumcairn, descended of Hamilton of Inne?wick,
one of the first cadets of the family of Hamilton. The first, named Sir Thomas
of Byres, was by King James VI. employed in several honourable offices, as Pre-
Ident of the Session, and Secretary of State, and his Majesty created him Lord
Binning, the 3oth of November 1613.. I have seen his seal of arms appended to a
Charter of his, granted to John Howison of Braehead in Kings-Crammond, of the
date the ipth of November 1616, whereupon was a shield, charged with a cheve-
ron, and on it a buckle betwixt three cinquefoils, all within a bordure charged
\vith eight thistles; supporters, two dogs; crest and motto as now used. But
there was no coronet upon the shield, because Parliamentary Lords were not then
in use to have them, and the legend round the shield was, Sigill. Thoinee Domini
Binny. By the same king he was created Earl of Melrose, with all ceremony, the.
3Oth of March 1619, and one of the knights that attended him in the ceremony
\vas Sir John Dalmahoy of that Ilk. This earl, afterwards disliking the title of
Melrose, changed it for that of HADDINGTON, which he got confirmed by King

OF FLOWERS AND LEAVES. 377

Sir NEIL MONTGOMERY, the first of the family of Lainshaw, or Langshaw,
second son to Hugh, the first Earl of Eglinton, and his lady, Helen, daughter of
Colin Campbell, first Earl of Argyle, who married Margaret Mare, only daughter
and heir to Quintin Mure of Skeldon, by whom lie had two sons and three daugh-
ters; John, the eldest, died without issue, and was succeeded by his brother Neil.
By our old books of blazons, and by that of Esplin, Marchmont-herald, the family
of Langshaw carried, quarterly, first and fourth Montgomery, second and third
Eglinton, and over all, by way of surtout, azure, three stars argent, for Mure of
Skeldon : And in James Workman's Manuscript, Sir Neil Montgomery of Lang-
shaw's arms are supported with two dragons ; and the motto, Garde bit*. This
Sir Neil, while an old man, was killed in a feud by the Lord Boyd, Mowat of
Bulsby, and others, in the town of Irvine, 1547, which occasioned much blood-
shed in Cunningham ; but afterwards the Lord Boyd was content to compose the
matter with Neil, son and heir of Sir Neil who was slain ; and that it might be
done in the most friendly manner, all parties concerned were called, who accord-
ingly met at Glasgow the nth of February 1560: On the deceased Sir Neil
Montgomery's part was Hugh Earl of Eglinton, pro-nephew (that is great-grand-
child) of Hugh Earl of Eglinton, who was father to the abovementioned Sir Neil,
and Gilbert Earl of Cassilis, as representing Dame Catharine Kennedy, who was
grandame to the said Sir Neil, as taking burden on them, the two branches on the
lather's side ; and Archibald Earl of Argyle, taking burden on him for the
House of Argyle, and the House of Stewart of Lorn, two branches on the mother's
side ; with the consent also of Sir Neil's three daughters, viz. Christian Lady Luss ;
Elizabeth, (who was married to Hume of Fastcastle, to whom she had only two
•daughters, one married to Logan of Restalrig, and the other to Logan of Dunlu-
gas) and Helen, Sir Neil's third daughter, who was married to Maxwell of Newark ;
as in the principal indenture, of the date abovementioned, which I have seen in
the custody of the present Laird of Lainshaw, and which clearly instructs the
descent of the said Sir Neil and his issue.

He was succeeded by his son Neil, second Laird of Lainshaw, \vho married Jean
Lyle, only daughter, and at last heir to her father John Lord Lyle, and her brother
James, master of Lyle, who died without issue ; of which family I have spoken be-
fore, page 216. By her he had a son and successor, Sir Neil Montgomery, third
Laird of Lainshaw; who, coming, in right of his mother, to be heir to the Lord
Lyle, quartered the arms of that family with his own, as did also his successors,
by way of a genealogical pennon, and as in Plate of Achievement. And Mr James
Montgomery of Lainshaw, Clerk to the Justiciary, as representative of the tamily
of Lainshaw and Lord Lyle, uses the same, viz. quarterly, first grand quarters
quartered, first and fourth azure, a bend between six cross croslets focbe or, for
Marr Earl of Marr ; second and third or, a fret gules, (by the printer's mistake,
gules, a fret or) for the Lord Lyle ; second grand quarter, argent, on a fesse azure,
three stars of the first, for Mure of Skeldon ; third grand quarter as the second,
and fourth as the first ; and over all, by way of surtout, the quartered coat of
Montgomery Earl of Eglinton ; crest, a cock . rising : motto, And I may; suppor-
ters, two leopards, proper.

Colonel JAMES MONTGOMERY of Coilsfield, a younger son of Alexander Earl of
Eglinton, quarterly, first and fourth Montgomery, second and third Eglinton, all
within a bordure or, charged with a double tressure counter-flowered gules, and, for
difference, a crescent in the centre ; crest and motto the same with the Earl of
Eglinton. N. R.

Sir HUGH MONTGOMERY of Hessland, g ules, two spears crossing other saltier-ways
betwixt three flower-de-luces in chief, and as many annulets in base or, stoned
azure. Ibid.

GEORGE MONTGOMERY of Broomlands, descended of the family of Eglinton,
quarterly, first and fourth a'zurc, a branch of a palm-tree between three flower-de-
luces or; second and third Eglinton; crest, a branch of palm, proper: motto,
Proccdamus in pace. Ibid.

The name of SYUSERF, with us, originally from France, argent, a flower-de-luce
azure. Font's MS.

OF FLOWERS AND LEAVES.

JOHN SYDSERF, Doctor of Medicine, argent, a flower-de-luce \vithin a bordure
azure; crest, a cornucopia, proper; motto, Industria ditat. N. R.

Mr JOHN SYDSERF of Colledgehead, argent, a flower-de-luce within a bordure
azure \ crest, an eagle's head couped azure: motto, Semper virtute vivo. Ibid.

ARCHIBALD SYDSERF of Ruchlaw, argent, three flower-de-luces azure; crest, an
eagle's head couped gules : motto, Virtute promoveo. Ibid.

The name of BROWN is ancient with us, and carries flower-de-luces.

One Walter de Brim is witness in an instrument of inquisition made by David
Prince of Cumberland, afterwards King of Scotland, of the possessions of the church
of Glasgow, (Dal. Coll. p. 340, and 354.) who may be the predecessor of Philip
de Bntn, mentioned in a charter by Roger Moubray to Moncreif, in the reign of
Alexander II.

There is a judicial transumpt by Sir David Brown of Cumbercolston, to the
abbacy of Holyroodhouse, of some lands and actes in territorio de Cumbercolston,
for prayers to be said for the soul of King Alexander, and the health of his son
King Alexander; which makes it clear, that the original charter was granted in
the reign of Alexander III.

Richard de Brun was forfeited by King Robert the Bruce 1320.

BROWN of Coalston has a charter from King David II. granted to David Brown
of Coalston, who afterwards mortified a part of that barony, pro anima Regis
Damdis, (as in Sir George Mackenzie's MS.) John de Browu de Colston is a wit-
ness in a charter of David Hepburn of Waughton, to his son and heir Kintigernus
Hepburn, and his wife Margaret Lauder, of the lands of Waughton, the 6th of
September 1498. (Had. Coll.) Brown of Coalston carries gules, three flower-de-
luces or; crest, a lion rampant, holding in his dexter paw a flower-de-luce, as the
former: motto, Threat majestas. N. R.

This family was dignified with the title of Baronet in the reign of King
Charles.

BROWN of Thornydikes, in the Merse, carries as Coalston, being of a brother of
the family, with a filial difference.

BROWN of Fordell, in Fife, azure, a cheveron between three flower-de-luces or.
And

BROWN of Kingside, descended of Fordel, carries the same, and, for his difference,
makes the cheveron invected. N. R.

THOMAS BROWN of Bonnyton, in Mid-Lothian, or, on a cheveron betwixt three
flower-de-luces azure, a besant of the first; crest, a ship under sail, proper: motto,
Caute fc? seditlo. L. R.

BROWN of Carslaith, an ancient family of the name, or, a cheveron between three
flower-de-luces sable. B. M.

BROWN of Hartrig, ermine, on a chief azure, three flower-de-luces argent.
P.MS.

BROWN of Gorgiemill, descended of Hartrig, azure, a fesse vair, between three
flower-de-luces argent : crest, a rose gules, slipped and barbed, proper : motto,
• Armat \3 ornat. N. N.

" GEORGE BROWN of Horn, azure, a cheveron waved between three flower-de-luces
or. Ibid.

BROWN of Dolphington, or,' a cheveron ingrailed betwixt three flower-de-luces
sable; crest, a dolphin naiant, proper: motto, Labor omnia vincit. Ibid.

BROWN of Blackburn, an ancient family in the Merse, sable, a dagger in bend,
proper, and in chief a boar's head erased argent; crest, a vine tree, proper; with
the motto, Prcemium virtutis honos. Ibid.

THOMAS BROWN,' of East-Field, in Lothian, sometime Stationer in, Edinburgh,
carries azure, a cheveron cheque, argent and gules, between three flower-de-luces
or; crest, a dexter 'hand holding forth a closed book, proper: motto, Delectat &
ornat. Ibid. See Plate of Achievements. His only son and representive is Wil-
liam Brown, bookseller in Edinburgh.

BROWN of Balquharn, gules, a che\-eron betwixt three flower-de-luces or. Mr
Thomas Crawfurd's MS.

KYNNINMONTII of that Ilk, an ancient family in the shire of Fife, azure, a cheve*
••on argent, between three flower-de-luce.s or. (Font's Manuscript.) Of this fa-

OF FLOWERS AND LEAVES.

379

mily was Matthew Kynninmond, Archdean of St Andrews, who became Bishop
of Aberdeen, anno 1172. The family continued till of late that it came to an
heiress, Grissel Kynninmond, married to Sir William Murray of Melgum, descend-
ed of a younger son of Philiphaugh.

The name of HARCASS, sable, a cheveron between three flower-de-luces argent.
Font's MS.

STEVENSON of Hermisheils, argent, a cheveron betwixt three flower-de-luces gules,
on a chief of the last as many mullets or. Ibid.

ALEXANDER STEVENSON of Chester, whose father was a brother of Hermisheils,
carries argent, on n cheveron between three flower-de-luces azure, a cross-moline
of the first, and on a chief gules, three mullets or; crest, a rose tree bearing roses,
proper: motto, Virtus ubique. N. R.

Sir ARCHIBALD STEVENSON, Doctor of Medicine, argent, a cheveron between three
flower-de-luces azure, on a chief of the last three mullets of the first; crest, a
dexter hand issuing out of a cloud, holding a laurel garland, all proper: moito,
Qftum nun so/t/m. L. R.

The name of GULLAN, gules, a cheveron argent, between three flower-de-luces or.
Font's MS.

KELLY of that Ilk, or, a saltier sable, cantoned with four flower-de-luces azure.
Ibid.

Sir ANDREW GILMOUR, Advocate, argent, on a cheveron azure, between three tre-
foils vert, as many flower-de-luces or, recorded hrthe New Register 1668.

GLASS of that Ilk, argent, a flower-de-luce between three mullets, within a bor-
dure gules. Font's MS.

The same is carried by ALEXANDER GLASS of Sauchy ; crest, a mermaid holding
a looking-glass and a comb in her hand: motto, Luctor non mergor; recorded in
the New Register 1668.

JOHN DON of Spittle, Sheriff-Clerk of Stirling, descended of the family of Don
of Teth, bears vert, on a fesse betwixt two crescents in chief, and a flower-de-luce
in base argent, three masclcs sable, a dexter hand holding a pen, proper: motto,
Suum cuique.

OF CINQUEFOILS, QUATR.EFOILS, *AND TREFOILS.

FLOWERS and plants are so called in armories from the number of their leaves.
The cinquefoil has rive leaves, and all other flowers that have but five leaves may
be so called when their specific names are not known ; yet the English, as Gerard
Leigh and others say, though the proper names of flowers of five leaves be not
known, they should have different names in blazon, from the nine armorial tinc-
tures of which they are coloured : Fo,r example, if the cinquefoil be of the tinc-
ture or, it should be called ranuncula; if of argent, jessamine; if gules, the rose; if
azure , pirvinc le ; if sable, ducal; if vert, Jive-leave grass; \i pur pure, bugloss; if
tenny, puppie; and if sanguine, the stock-jelly-flower. l£they be of any other co-
lour besides these, and of the furrs, they are then to be blazoned cinquefoils. The
French, whom we ordinarily follow, call them quintefeuilles, and we cinqutfcils, of
whatsoever tincture they be, and are represented pierced or voided in the centre,
to distinguish them from these that have specific names.

%yintefeuillt, says Menestrier, est un fleur de cinque feuilles, perce ou ouverte en
cceur. He, in his Rise of Arms, tells us, that cinquefoils were anciently used by
th'j-e who went to war, as distinguishing badges, because it was latined Vmca per-
•vhicn ; which name seems to be lucky, having some resemblance of victory. Others
from the Greek call them Pentafylos.

Cinquefoils are frequent with us in the arms of ancient and honourable families,
as these borne by the name of: ERASER, azure, three cinquefoils argent, which are
ordinarily called with us frases or frasicrs, i. e. strawberry flowers, and so are
'-ing to the name of Eraser.

The first progenitor of the name (as in Sir George Mackenzie's Manuscript) was
one Pierre a Frenchman, who came to Scotland in the reign of King Achaius,
when the famous league was made with France. He and his posterity became.

380 OF FLOWERS AND LEAVES.

thanes of the Isle of Man, and afterwards settled in Tweeddale ; and when sur-
names came in use, they took the name of Fraser.

In the Register of Kelso, Simoii Fraser dotes several lands to that abbacy. In
the reign of King Malcolm IV. and in the Register of Newbattle, the donation of
Adam Fraser is there, of the lands of Southale, mentioning a gift of his uncle
Oliver to that abbey. The seat of the Frasers was Oliver-Castle in that county,
probably so called from the above Oliver. From this family proceeded the Frasers
of Toucli in the shire of Stirling, and others in the north.

The right line of the Frasers in Tweeddale ended in the heiresses of Sir Simon
Fraser ; the eldest was married to Hay of Locharrat in the south, progenitor of
the Earls of Tweeddale, and another to Sir Malcolm Fleming, predecessor to the
Earls of Wigton ; for which cause these families have always been in use to quarter
the Frasers' arms with their own, which, in old books, are azure, five frases or cinque-
foils placed in saltier argent, though these many years they have been illuminated
azure, three cinquefoils, 2 and I argent.

The male representer of the Frasers of Oliver-Castle in Tweeddale is said to
have gotten great possesions in the north of Scotland, which he and his successors
enjoyed under the title of Lord Fraser, whose armorial bearings were as above.
For the antiquity of those in the north, Ricardus Fraser is a witness in the reign
of Alexander II. and William Fraser, designed Cancellarius, is, with Simon Fraser,
a witness in the charter of King Alexander III. of the lands of Bethwaldoff, to the
abbacy of Dunfermline. Had. Collect.

After the death of this King, we find William Fraser Archbishop of St Andrews,
?»I'DufFEarl of Fife, and John Cumin Earl of Buchan, Governors of Scotland be-
north the river Forth, in the year 1293. About the same time Sir Andrew Fraser,
designed Vicccomes de Striviling, is a \vitness in a charter of William Gourlay to
the abbacy of Kelso. (Dalrymple's Collections.) He was one of the auditors ap-
pointed by King Edward I. between the Bruce and the Baliol ; and, on his seal,
says Sir George Mackenzie in his Manuscript, were six frases, disposed 3, 2 and i.
Sir Alexander Fraser (whom some call Lord Fraser) married Mary Bruce, sister
of King Robert the Bruce, and widow of Sir Neil Campbell of Lochow, ancestor
to the Duke of Argyle. This King grants a charter of several lands, " in tene-
" mento de Auchincairn, Alexandra Frazer militi, &• hasredibus suis, inter ipsum
" &• quondam Mariam Bruce, sororem nostram dilectam, legittime procreatis ;"
dated at Kinross the i8th year of his reign; and two years afterwards he gives a
more ample one of the fore-mentioned lands, cum communi pastura Thanagii nostri
de Kincardine, to the said Sir Alexander and his son John, designed the King's
nephew. (Had. Collect.) And the same year, being the 2oth of that King's
reign, Sir Alexander Fraser is designed Camerarius noster in that King's charter to
the friars and monks at Edinburgh, of five merks Sterling, to be paid out of the
mill of Libberton. Ibid.

Sir Alexander had several sons, John above-named, and Alexander, from whom
descended other honourable families of the name, as Fraser of Lovat and Dore.s.
Sir John, the eldest son, died without male issue, leaving only one daughter, Mar-
garet Fraser, married to Sir William Keith Marischal, by whom he had John his
eldest son, who died in the lifetime of his father, leaving issue by his wife, a
daughter of King Robert II. a son Robert ;. but he dying without male issue, his
heir-female was married to Alexander, first Earl of Huntly ; for which Gordon
quarters the arms of Fraser, as before.

There are many honourable families of the name of FRASER ; to give a deduction
of their genealogical descents would swell my book beyond the designed bulk :
I am, therefore, here necessitated to speak only to their armorial bearings, with some
observes on their antiquity, as it relates to their achievements.

FRASER. Lord LOVAT, quarterly, first and fourth azure, five cinquefoils in saltier
argent, for Fraser, (of late three cinquefoils^ 2 and i) ; second and third argent,
three antique crowns gules, (for Bisset, as some say) supported by two bucks seiant,
proper, in the middle of bushes of holly vert; crest, a buck's head erased or, armed
argent : motto, / am ready.

The first of this family was Simon Fraser, a son of Sir Alexander Fraser, nephew
to King Robert Bruce: He or his successor got the lands of Lovat, by marrying

OF FLOWERS AND LEAVES.

Charles'!, yet he continued his co:i* ^mentation which he took for .A! '.

and it is still carried in the achievement of hi* successors Eail^ <•( Huddin^ruii;
quarterly, first and fourth gules, on a eheven.n, between three cinqucfoils ermine,
u buckle azure between two spots of ermine (the spots of ermine were not o;i the
seal of the Lord Binning abovementioned) within a bordure or, charged with c.
thistles vert, the paternal coat ; second and third argent, a fesse waved between
three roses gules, as a cor.t of augmentation for the title of Melrose, now surround-
ed with the collar of the thistle, by the present Thomas Earl of Haddington, one
of the Knights Companions of the most ancient Order of the Thistle, supported !:><•-
two spaniel dogs argent, collared gula; crest, two dexter hands issuing
clouds joined fessc-ways, and holding between them a branch of laurel, pro;,
motto, Pra-sto i3 ptrsto. As in Plate of Achievements.

HAMILTON Lord BKI.HAVI.X ; the first of the name that was honoured with tin-,
title was Sir James Hamilton of Broomhill, by King Charles I. who married a
natural daughter of James Marquis of Hamilton, by whom he had daughters, but
no issue-male. He resigned his honour in the king's hands, in favours of John
Hamilton, son to Sir Robert Hamilton of Presmennan, who married Margaret,
daughter of Sir Robert Hamilton of Silvertonhill, by Anne, daughter of James
Lord Belhaven, (as in Mr Crawfurd's Peerage) and John Lord Belhaven had with
the said Margaret, John, and Mr James advocate.

Which JOHN, the present Lord BELHAVEN, married Mary, daughter of Andrew
Bruce, merchant in Edinburgh, and has issue: He and his father have been in
use to carry for their arms, gules, a sword pale -ways argent, hiked and pommelled
or, between three cinquefoils, two in chief, and one in base of the second, sup-
ported by two horses argent, bridled gules ; and, for crest, a horse-head and neck
argent, bridled gules; with the motto, Ride^tbrough. As in Plate of Achieve-
ments.

HAMILTON of Innerwick, one of the ancientest cadets of the family of Hamilton,
descended of John, second son of Sir Walter Hamilton, in the reign of Robert 1.
and his wife, Isabel, daughter to William Earl of Ross. His son, or grandson,
John Hamilton, married Elizabeth Stewart, a daughter of Stewart of Cruxton, and
got with her the lands of Ballincric:T in West-Lothian, and afterwards the family
matched with the daughter and heir of Sir Roger de Glay of Innerwick; which
barony fell into the family, and from it was designed: And from both these matches
f^ie arms of the family were composed, viz. gules, a fesse cheque, argent and azure,
(for Stewart of Cruxton) between three cinquefoils ermine, for Hamilton ; all
within a bordure of the last, charged with eight buckles of the third, for De Glay of
Innerwick.

HAMILTON of Preston, descended of Sir John Hamilton of Rosshaven, second son
of Sir Gilbert, the first of the family of Hamilton, gules, three cinquefoils argent,
within a bordure of the last; crest, a man from the middle, brandishing a sword
aloft, proper : motto, Pro patria. (N. R.) But Pont and Workman, in their
Manuscripts, make the bordure compone of argent and sable.

HAMILTON of Sorn and Sanquhar, descended of Walter, second son of Sir David
Hamilton of that Ilk, and his lady, daughter and one of the co-heiresses of Walter
Leslie Earl of Ross, carried gules, three cinquefoils ermine, within a double tressurc
counter-flowered or. W. M.

They are so illuminated on the House of Seaton ; George Lord Seaton having,
married Isabel, daughter of Sir WilHam Hamilton of Sorn and Sanquhar, one of
the Senators of the College of Justice; who bore to the Lord Seaton, Robert, the
first Earl of Winton, and several other children.

HAMILTON of Silvertonhill, descended of Alexander, second son of James first
Lord Hamilton, gules, three cinquefoils ermine, within a bordure of the same.
Some books have the arms of this family, gulei, three cinquefoils argent.

HAMILTON of Evandale, quarterly, first and fourth Douglas, second and third
Abernethy; and in surtout, g ule s, three cinquefoils ermine, for Hamilton. P. MS.

HAMILTON Lord BARGENY, quarterly, first and fourth Hamilton, second and
third Arran, all within a bordure goDonated, argent and azure, the first charged
with hearts gules, and the second with mullets of the first, supported on the dex-
ter with an antelope argent, collared gules, charged with three cinquefoils ermine.

3Sb OF FLOWERS AND LEAVES,

and on the sinister, by a savage, with a shoulder-belt gules, charged with cinque-
foils ermine, and wreathed about the head and middle with laurel vert, holding
in his left hand a garb or; crest, a crescent gules: motto, jf'espere. This fa-
mily was dignified with the title of Lord by King Charles I. the 13th of Novem-
ber 1641.

Sir ROBERT HAMILTON of Mount-Hamilton in Ireland, second lawful son of Mr
George Hamilton of Cairns, descended of the House ot Preston, gules, three
cinquefoils ermine, within a bordure parted per pale, argent and or; crest, an adder
di .posed in circle, surrounding a cock in a guarding posture, all proper: motto,
Adcst pnidcnti animus. N. R.

Sir ALEXANDER HAMILTON of Haggs, Baronet, descended of Orbiston, gules, a
salmon's head couped argent, with an annulet through its nose, proper, betwixt
three cinquefoils of the second; crest, a salmon haurient argent, having an annulet
through its nose. Ibid.

TAMES HAMILTON of Woodhall, Baron of Tankerton, descended of Torrence,
T, three holly leaves conjoined at the stalk or, betwixt as many cinquefoils
argent; crest, a dexter hand grasping a holly leaf, proper: motto, Semper. vivescent.
Ibid.

HAMILTON of Little-Preston, gules, on a cheveron betwixt three cinquefoils
argent, as many buckles azure; crest, a greyhound's head and neck couped, pro-
per, collared gules, and garnished or. Ibid.

ROBERT HAMILTON of Kilbrackmont, descended as Orbieston, quarterly, first and
fourth Hamilton; second and third argent, on a bend sable, three escalops or,
for Dishington; crest, a hand holding a cinquefoil, proper : motto, Et neglecta
virescit. Ibid.

JAMES HAMILTON of Aikenhead, descended of the family of Torrence, descended
of Raploch, gules, a bugle between three cinquefoils argent; crest, an hand hold-
ing an oak slip, proper: motto, Virebo. Ibid.

JOHN HAMILTON of Udston, representer of Sir Robert Hamilton of Burntwood,
third son of Sir David Hamilton of that Ilk, and his wife, Janet, daughter to the
Lord Keith ; quarterly, first and fourth gules, a mullet argent, between three
cinquefoils ermine, as a third son of the family of Hamilton; second and third
gules, a man's heart, proper, shadowed or, betwixt three cinquefoils ermine, for
Hamilton of Raploch; crest, a boar's head erased, proper: motto, Ubique fidells.
L. R.

WILLIAM HAMILTON of Wishaw, descended of Udston, quarterly, first and last
gules, a mullet argent, betwixt three cinquefoils ermine; second and third the coat
of Raploch, as above, all within a. bordure argent; crest, a hand holding a sword
indented on the back like a saw, and a quill, crossing other saltier- ways, proper :
motto, Tarn virtus quam honos.

WILLIAM HAMILTON of Orbiston, descended of Gavin, a younger son of James
first Lord Hamilton, gules, an annulet or, betwixt three cinquefoils ermine; crest,
an antelope, proper.

HAMILTON of Barncluith, whose grandfather was a son of Udston, and married the
heiress of Barncluith, marshals together the arms of Burntwood, Raploch, and
Udston; crest, a spear, proper. Ibid.

Colonel GEORGE HAMILTON, second lawful son to Reidhouse, whose great-grand-
father was one of the Senators of the College of Justice, and second brother to the
Laird of Priestfield, after the Earl of Haddington came off Priestfield, gules, on a
cheveron between three cinquefoils ermine, a buckle azure, all within a bordure em-
battled or, charged with eight thistles vert, flowered gules; crest, two hands con-
joined fesse-ways, issuing out of as many clouds, all within two branches of laurel
disposed in orle, proper: motto, Preestando pra-sto. Ibid.

JOHN HAMILTON of Bangour, descended of the family of Burntwood, gules, a
mullet between three cinquefoils argent, a chief of the second ; crest, a ship in
distress, proper: motto, Llttora specto. Ibid.

JAMES HAMILTON, Merchant in Edinburgh, third son to John Hamilton of Ban-
gour, the same above, with the addition of a second mullet; and the crest above,
with this motto, I gain by hazard. Ibid,

OF FLOWERS AND LEAVES. 337

. THOMAS HAMILTON, Doctor :>f Medicine, a fourth son of John Hamilton
of Bangour, carries Bangour as above; ar.d, for difference, hus> a martlet /,
on the chief, and tlic same crest; with the motto, Per varies casus. Ibid.

Mr GEORGE HAMILTON of Cairns, sometime Minister of Pittenwcein, carries
gules, on a fesse, between three cinqucrbil-i argent, a man's heart, proper; c:
the Holy Bible expanded, proper; with the motto, Ore lego, corde credo. Ibid.

Captain THOMAS HAMILTON of Olivcstoli, third son of John Hamilton of Mur-
ray s, who was a second son of Borland, descended of Sir David Hamilton of tha:
Ilk, gules, a martlet betwixt three cinquefoils argt.-.t, within a bordure embattled
or; crest, an antelope's head and neck, gorged with a collar, and attired gules-
motto, I/ivia virtuti perv'ui. Ibid.

JAMES HAMILTON, Esq. descended of the family of Samuelston, gules, a roundle
cheque, argent and azure, between three cinquefoils of the second j crest, a ma
or. Ibid.

GABRIEL HAMILTON of Westburn, descended of Torrence, descended of Hamilton
of Raploch, and again of Hamilton of that Ilk, carries gules, three cinquefoik
ermitie, within a bordure counter-potent of the second and first; crcbt, a hand
grasping a lance in bend, proper: motto, Et arma U virtus. Ibid.

ROBERT HAMILTON of Dechmont, descended of Torrence, gules, a man's heart
environed with two holly branches disposed orle-ways or, between three cinque-
foils argent; crest, a hand holding a heart, proper: motto, No be art more true.
Ibid.

JOHN HAMILTON of Neilsland, descended of Raploch, gules, three cinqu
ermine, within a bordure quartered, first and fourth ingrailed argent, second and.
third invected azure; crest, an oak tree growing out of a torce, and fructuated,
proper: motto, Obsequio non virihus. Ibid.

JAMES HAMILTON of Blantyrefarm, descended of Borland, a fourth son of Sir
David Hamilton of that Ilk, gules, three cinquefoils ermine, within a bordure
counter-indented argent, and of the first; crest, the trunk of an oak tree couped,
and in pale, sprouting out two branches, proper : motto, Non deficit alter. Ibid.

ROBERT HAMILTON of Barns, whose father was a second son of Raploch, lineally
descended of Sir David Hamilton of that Ilk, g ules, a man's heart or, betwixt thre?
cinquefoils ermine, within a bordure indented of the second; crest, a man's heart
gules, charged with a cinquefoil argent: motto, Faithful in adversity* Ibid*

Mr JAMES HAMILTON of Westport, descended from Alexander, a younger son to
the Lord Hamilton, gules, three cinquefoils ermine, within a bordure argent, char-
ged with eight martlets of the first; crest, two branches of oak crossing other in
saltier, fructuated, proper: motto, Addunt robur. Ibid,

ALEXANDER HAMILTON of Dalziel, lineally descended from James Hamilton of
Dalziel, who was second son to John Hamilton of Orbiston, the heir and repre-
sentative of Gavin Hamilton, a younger son of James, first Lord Hamilton, g ules,
an annulet argent, betwixt three cinquefoils ermine, within a bordure indented of
the second; crest, an oak tree, proper: motto, Requiesco sub umbra. Ibid.

GABRIEL HAMILTON of Westburn, descended of the family of Torrence, gules,
three cinquefoils ermine, within a bordure potent counter-potent of the second and
first; crest, a hand grasping a lance in bend, proper: motto, Et arma & virtus.
Ibid.

JOHN HAMILTON of Cubardy, whose grandfather, John Hamilton, was a lawful
son of Silvertonhill ; he went to the north with Dame Anne Hamilton Countess of
Huntly, daughter to the Duke of Chattelherault, and Earl of Arran, gules, three
cinquefoils argent, within a bordure of the last, charged with four saltiers couped,
and as many mullets interchanged of the first; crest, a einquefoil argent: motto,
Non mut at grnus s^iiim. Ibid.

ROBERT HAMILTON of Colquot, whose predecessor was brother to Sir William
Hamilton of Sorn and Sanquhar, bears gules, three cinquefoils between uv<"> ilask^
argent; crest, cupid with bow, quiver and arrow, proper: motto, Quos dedit arc us
amor.

FREDERICK. HAMILTON, Captain in his Majesty's service in Ireland, second lawful
son of the deceased Archibald Hamilton ; which Archibald was a lawful son of
Milburn, and Milburn of Raploch, and Raploch was descended of Sir David

338 OF FLOWERS AND LEAVES.

Hamilton of that Ilk, gules, a man's heart or, between three cinquefcjils ermine,
• all within a bordure embattled of the second, charged with six crescents of the
lirst; crest, two twigs of oak, disposed in saltier, proper: motto, Fortiter qui /
Ibid.

Mr JOHN HAMILTON, sometime one of the Ministers of Edinburgh, and Sub -
Dean of his Majesty's Chapel-Royal, lawful son procreate between John Hamil-
ton of I1) lair, and Barbara Elphinstone, lawful daughter to James Lord Balmerino,
sometime Secretary of State, also grandchild to John Hamilton Lord Archbishop
of St Andrews, who, himself, was in the reign of King Charles II. consecrate
Bishop of Dunkeld, carried, quarterly, first and fourth gules, three cinquerbiK
ermine", second and third urgent, a ship with her sails trussed up sable, for Arrau,
all within a bordure gobonated of eight pieces, argent and gules, charged alternately
with a St Andrew's cross, and a buckle interchanged of the one and the other;
crest, an oaken plant, proper: motto, Dam in arb'irem. L. R.

Sir GEORGE HAMILTON of Binning, sometime designed of Barnton, Baronet,
whose father was a lawful son of the House of Binning, and in whose favour
Gavin Hamilton, an elder brother's son of the said House, renounced the simple
coat of the family, by a letter under his hand, dated the 2Oth of July, bears gules,
on a cheveron between three cinquefoils argent, a buckle azure, between two spot*
of ermine, all within a bordure of the second, charged with eight trefoils slipped
vert; crest, the trunk of an oak sprouting out a new twig, proper: motto, Through
God revived. Ibid.

FREDERICK HAMILTON, Lieutenant in the Earl of Dunbarton's Regiment, de-
scended of a second son of Torrence, gules, a close helmet, proper, between
three cinquefoils argent; crest, an oaken plant or: motto, Tandem fit arbor. ITjid.

HAMILTON of Pencaitland, one of the Senators of the College of Justice, and
second son of Hamilton of Presmennan, carries gules, a cheveron between three
cinquefoils ermine; crest, an arm issuing out of a cloud holding a pen: motto,
Tarn virtute quam labore. His eldest son, John Hamilton, married Li-
vingston heiress of Saltcoats, and quarters the arms of his father with these of
Saltcoats. Hamilton of Dechmont, second son of the said Pencaitland, carries his
father's arms, having the cheveron charged with a crescent, for difference : As in
Plate of Achievements.

Thfse of the surnaiiie of LIVINGSTON give for their armorial figures, argent,
three cinquefoils gules, pierced of the field, so carried by LIVINGSTON of that Ilk,
in the shire of Lothian, and the same within a double tressure flowered and coun-
ter-flowered with flower-de-luces vert, of old by LIVINGSTON of Wemyss in Fife,
for which see Balfour's MS.

LIVINGSTONS Earls of LINLITHGOW have been sometimes in use, with their descen-
dants, to turn the cinquefoils to gillyflowers, upon what account I cannot learn,
if not upon the saying of Gerard Leigh, as I observed before, that cinquefoils, be-
ing sanguine, represent the stock-gillyflowers; but others, more knowing, prefer
the cinquefoil, as more anciently used in armories, and more military, as Guillim,
who disparages the gillyflower, in his Display, as an effeminate figure. The fa-
mily of Linlithgow have disused the gillyflower, and taken again the cinquefoil ;
but their cadets have, in our New Register, gillyflowers recorded in place of
cinquefoils.

The first of the name is said to be one of the gentlemen who accompanied
Queen Margaret, wife to King Malcolm Canmore, from Hungary to Scotland, and
got some lands called, either from his own name, or that of one of his successors,
Livingius, who, by the records of the abbacy of Holyroodhouse, possessed lands in
West-Lothian, in the reign of King David I. which he called Livingstoun, from his
own name, as in Mr Crawfurd's Peerage: And Sir James Dalrymple, in his Col-
lections, page 420, says, that in a charter of Robert, Bishop of St Andrews, con-
firming the grants made by King David I. to the abbacy of Holyroodhouse,
Thurstinus filius Livingi is a witness; and the original charter of Tburstini filii
Livingi (now Livingston) is yet to be seen, whereby he grants to that abbacy,
" Ecclesiam de Livingston, cum dimidia carrucata terras, &- una tofta, &c. sicut
" pater meus iis dedit." Livingius and Thurstinus were then the predecessors, and
probably gave name to the lands, and transmitted it as a surname, to the family of

OF FLOWERS AND LEAVES. 389-

Livingston, which continued in a direct lineal succession till the reign of King
James IV. that Bartholomew Livingston of that Ilk died without issue.

The next principal family of the name, now in being, is LIVINGSTON of Cal-
lendar; the lirst of which was Sir William Livingston, who got that barony by
marrying Christian, the daughter of Patrick Callender, who was forfeited for be-
ing of the Baliol's interest; so that the family of Cullender has been since in use to
quarter the arms of Cullender with their uwn.

Which Sir William had, by his wife Christian Callender, Sir William Living-
ston, father of Sir John Livingston of Callendar, who was killed lighting against
the English at the battle of Homildon, tinn'j 1401 : He was father of Sir Alexander
Livingston of Calleodar, who was Governor to King James II. His son, James, wa>
created Lord Livingston by King James III.; and afterwards, one of his successors,
Alexander Lord Livingston, was created Earl of Lmlithgow by King James VI.
the year 1600, who, by virtue of his, took patent, as an additament of honour, a coat
of augmentation, the arms of Linlithgow, which are placed by way of surtout over
the qimrtered arms of Livingston and Cullender ; and of him is lineally descended
the present JAMES Earl of LINLITHGOW and CALLENDAR, who carries, quarterly, first
and fourth Livingston, argent, three cinquefoils gules, within a double tressure
flowered and counter-flowered with flower-de-luces vert; second and third sable,
a bend between six billets or, for Callendar; over all, in the centre, an escutcheon
azure, a tree growing out of the base or, within a bordure argent, charged with
eight cinquefoils gules, for the title of Linlithgow; crest, a demi-savage, proper,
holding a batton, or club, erected in his right hand, and about his left arm a ser-
pent twisted vert ; supporters, two savages, proper, wreathed about the head and
middle, holding battons over their shoulders or: motto, Sijepuis.

LIVINGSTON Earl of CALLENDAR : The first of this family was James, second son
to the first Earl of Linlithgow, who purchased honours and riches in the wars
abroad ; and, after his return home, he was, by King Charles I. created Lord Al-
mond, anno 1633; and after, in the year 1641, was honoured with the dignity of
Earl of Callendar; he carried Callendar and Livingston, quarterly, with a crescent
in the centre for difference ; crest,, a dexter hand holding a, sword, proper; sup-
porters, two lions gules: motto, Et domi & foris. He having no issue, left his
estate and honours to Mr Alexander Livingston, younger brother to George Earl
of Linlithgow ; and, since the dignities of the Earl of Linlithgow and Callendar
were united, of late, in the person of James Eari of Linlithgow and Callendar.

Of the surname of CALLENDER, before, sec page 190.

The Viscount of KILSYTH is the first cadet of the family of Livingston of Cal-
lendar, being a son of John Livingston of Callendar, and his second wife, Agnes,
daughter of Sir James Douglas of Dalkeith, and half-brother to Sir Alexander
Livingston the Governor of Scotland, in the minority of King James II. The
family was honoured in the person of Sir James Livingston, with the titles of
Viscount Kilsyth and Lord Campsie, ijlh of August 1661 ; they carry only the
coat of Livingston, and in place of the cinquefoils, gillyflowers slipped, for differ-
ence, as Sir George Mackenzie, in his Science of Heraldry, who says, that the
Karl ot Callendar used the gillyflowers eradicate. The exterior ornaments of the
Viscount of Kilsyth's arms are, for supporters, two lions rampant gules ; crest, a
demi-savage wreathed about the head and middle with laurel, all proper: motto,
tipe fxpecto.

LIVINGSTON of Dunipace was a second son of Sir Alexander the Governor,
and his lady, a daughter of Dundas of that Ilk ; he carried argent, three cinque-
foils within a double- tressure, counter-flowered gules. Font's Manuscript.

LIVINGSTON of Kinnaird : The first of this family was descended of Livingston
oi West-Quarter, who was a younger son of John Livingston of Callendar, and his
wife, a daughter of Monteith of Carse, father and mother of Sir Alexander Living-
ston, Governor to King James II. Sir James Livingston, Baronet, son and heir of
Sir John Livingston of Kinnaird, was one of the Gentlemen of the Bed-Chamber
to King Charles I. who was pleased to raise him to the honour of Viscount of
Newbur^;h ; and, for his firm loyalty, was, by King Charles II. raised to the ho-
nour of Earl of Isewburgh, Viscount of Kinnaird, Lord Livingston of Flancraig,
by letters patent, 313! of December 1660. He was succeeded by his son Charlo

39o OF FLOWERS AND LEAVES.

Earl of Newburgh, who died in the year 1694, without male-issue, and the next
heir-male was Captain John Livingston.

The family carried argent, on a bend betwixt three gillyflowers gules, an anchor
of the first, all within a double tressure, flowered and counter- flowered vert ; crest,
a Moor's head couped, proper, banded gules and argent, with pendles argent at his
ears, supported on the dexter by a savage, proper, wreathed about the head and
middle vert, and on the sinister by a horse argent, furnished gules.

Sir THOMAS LIVINGSTON Viscount of TEVIOT, descended of Livingston of Jervis-
wood, a cadet of the Lord Livingston, carried, quarterly, first and fourth azure,
three oranges slipped, proper, within anorle of thistles or; second and third argent,
three cinquefoils gules, within a double tressure, flowered and counter-flowered
vert, supported on the dexter by a horse argent, furnished gules, and on the sinister,
by a savage wreathed about the head and middle with laurel, holding a batton in
his left hand, with its head downward or ; crest, a demi-man holding a batton up-
ward or.

Sir JAMES LIVINGSTON of West-Quarter, Baronet, descended of John Livingston
of West-Quarter, second son of the first Earl of Linlithgow, carries, quarterly,
Livingston and Callendar, all within a bordure quartered, or and gules; crest, a sa-
vage-head wreathed about with laurel: motto, Si possim. N. R.

DAVID LIVINGSTON of Baldron, whose father was a fourth lawful son of Living-
ston of Dunipace, argent, two gillyflowers in chief, and an escalop in base, all
within a bordure indented gules; crest, a gillyflower slipped, proper: motto, Nati-
vum rt'tinet decus. Ibid.

WILLIAM LIVINGSTON, Merchant in Aberdeen, descended of the family of Duni-
pace, carries argent, two gillyflowers in chief, and an escalop in base gules,
within a bordure of the last, for his difference; crest, a boar's head couped, hold-
ing in his mouth a pair of balances, proper: motto, Fort is fc? tequus. Lyon Re-
gister.

The surname of BORTHWICK, argent, three cinquefoils sable. The chief of this
name was the Lord Borthwick, who carried the same, supported by two angels,
proper, winged or; and, for crest, a savage-head couped, proper; with the motto,
£>ui conducit.

The first of this family and name is said to be one of those gentlemen who
attended Queen Margaret from Hungary to Scotland. I have seen a charter of
Robert Lauder of Quarrel wood, in the reign of King Alexander II. wherein Thomas
de Borthwick is mentioned. In the reign of King Robert III. Sir William Borth-
wick got the lands of Catcune, near Locharrat, which he called after his own name
Borthwick. Sir William de Borthwick obtained a charter from Robert Duke of
Albany the Governor, upon a resignation of Walter Scott, of the lands of Toft-
coats in the shire of Selkirk. (Had. Coll.) Sir William Borthwick de eodem
miles, gets a charter of the lands of Borthwick from King James I. 1430, with a
licence to build a castle, as the charter bears, " Ad construendam arcem, in illo-
" loco qui vulgariter dicitur Le Mote de Lochquharat, intra vicecomitatem de
" Edinburgh." (Had. Coll. p. 76.) He built the castle of Borthwick, as some
say, after the fashion and form of the castles in Hungary, in remembrance ot his
origin. This family is said, by some, to have been dignified with the title ot Lord
Borthwick, by King James II. in the beginning of that king's reign. Willielmus
Dominus de Borthwick is witness in a resignation of James Earl of Morton, of the
lands of Whittingham, to William Douglas, miles, in the year 1459 > an^ tne sa^
William Lord Borthwick sat in Parliament as a Lord Baron, 1464, and is sa de-
signed in the renunciation of King James III. for which see Had. Coll. p. 153.
The right line of this family is now become extinct, since the Restoration ot King
Charles II. the last lord dying without issue.

There are several branches of this family, whose blazons I have met with in re-
cords ; as,

BOKTHNVICK of Gordonshall, ardent, an eagle's head erased between three cinque-
foils sable. P. and B. MSS.

WILLIAM BORTHWICK, Doctor of Medicine, heir and only representer of the fa-
mily of Gordonshall, the same as above ; and, for crest, a withered rose-bush
sprouting anew out of the root; with the motto, Virtus post facta. N. R.

OF FLOWERS AND LEAVES.

BORTHWICK. of Crookston, or of Collila\v, the arms of Borthwick of that Ilk, with
a ci ,/Me in the centre. (N. R.) But P. and \Y. have a raven's head

couped in the centre; crest, an eagle displayed sable, with a saltier argent on hi->
breast : motto, Fide ^ spe. Ibid.

BORTHWICK. of Miiirliouse, the same, but surmounts the crescent sable with ano-
ther argent; crest, a pelican with wings expanded or, and vulnered, proper: motto,
Ex vulnere sulus. Ibid.

BOKTHWICK of Ilartside, alias Hartshead, descended of the Lord Borthwick,
the same as he, with, a crescent sable, surmounted of another or, in the centre;
crest, a hart's head erased gules, attired or, devouring a serpent: motto, Qclitus
datum. Ibid.

BORTHWICK. of Stow, argent, a crescent between three cinquefoih sable, withi,
bordure ermine; crest, a dexter hand couped pame, with an eye in the middle of
the loof, proper: motto, Mente manuque. Ibid.

BORTHWICK of Mayshiels, argent, a heart gules, between three cinquefoils sable;
crest, an eagle rising, proper : motto, Nee deerit opera dextra.

Many ancient and noble families, both in Scotland and England, carry cinque-
foils, whose blazons I cannot here subjoin, because they would swell my book to a
greater pitch than I design ; however, I shall mention two or tlvree; as first,

The UMFRAVILLES, of which name there were considerable families in Scotland
and the North of England. Robertas de Urnfravilla, Odonellus de Umfravilla, and
Gilbertus de Umfravilla, are to be found witnesses in the charters of King David I.
and in the registers of Durham and Kelso. In the reign of Alexander III. Sir Gil-
bert ds Umfraville married Matilda Countess of Angus, and by her was Earl of
Angus ; she bore to him a son, Gilbert Earl of Angus, whose armorial bearing was,
d-ziire, a cinquefoil within an orle of eight cross croslets or. But the Umfravilles
afterwards, for adhering to the Baliols, and to the interest of the Edwards of
England, were forfeited of their lands, and forced to reside in England. They
were great men there, and always claimed right to the Earldom of Angus, for
which see Edmund Howe's History of England. There are few or none of that
name now with us, save some small families of the name of Umphray, one of
which I find in our New Register, Mr THEODORE UMPHRAY, Minister of the Gos-
pel, vert, a cheveron between three cinquefoils in chief, and a cross croslet filched
in base argent; crest, a book expanded, proper: motto, Pax tua Domine est requies
mca.

The family of PIERREPONT, which had its rise from one Robert Pierrepont, who
came to England with William the Conqueror ; of which family was George
Pierrepont, who was knighted by Edward VI of England. His grandchild, Ro-
bert, was, by King Charles I. in the year 1627, for his unshaken loyalty, created
Lord Pierrepont and Viscount of Newark, but was killed fighting for the king.
His eldest son, Henry, for his own, and his father's good services, was created Mar-
quis of DORCHESTER. The proper arms of the family, of Pierrepont, are, argent,
seme of cinquefoils gules, a lion rampant sable ; some make the number of the
cinquefoils eight; as Imhoff, in his Blazons, thus, " Scutum quo Pierepontii utun-
" tur argentum est, &• leonera erectum nigrum, inter octo flores pentaphylos coc-
" cineos exhibet."

The EPISCOPAL SEE of ST DAVID'S, in England, sable, on a cross or, five cinque-
foils of the field.

D'ARCY Earls of HOLDERNESS, for their paternal arms, carry azure, seme of cross
croslets, and three cinquefoils argent. Guillim, in his Diplay of Heraldry, says,
sapphire, crusuly three cinquefoils pearl ; which is the same with the first blazon.

This ancient and honourable family (by the Peerage of England) is originally
docemU'd from Norman d'Arcy, who came over to England with William the
Conqueror, by whose immediate gift, the said Norman enjoyed no less than
thirty-three lordships in Lincolnshire, from whom descended John d'Arcy, who, in
the reigns of Edward I. ^nd II. was Governor of Norham Castle ; and in the reign
of Edward III. was mude Justice and Governor of Ireland. He was succeeded by
his son John, who was Constable of the Tower, and had summons to Parliament
among the barons of England : From whom was descended Thomas d'Arcy, who
was one of the lords that marched with Thomas Earl of Surry against Scotland,

OF FLOWERS AND LEAVES;

in the I3th year of the reign of Henry VII. being then a Knight of the Body, and
Constable of Bamborough Castle, and Captain of the Town and Castle of Berwick :
He, in the 39th year of Henry VIII. was arraigned and found guilty of High
Treason, and beheaded on Tower-Hill, 2oth of June in the above reign. From
whom was descended Sir Conyers d'Arcy of Hornby Castle, in the county of York,
being the principal male branch of this ancient family. Upon a representation to
King Charles I. his Majesty was pleased to declare, and confirm to him, and his.
heirs-male, the stile, title, and dignity of Lord D'Arcy, so enjoyed by his ancestors.
He married Dorothy, daughter of Sir Henry Bellasyse, Baron*t, and with her had
six sons and seven daughters.

The eldest son and heir, Conyers, stiled Lord D'Arcy and Conyers, was created
Earl of Holderness, by King Charles II. in the year 1682, whose great-grandson is
Robert, now Earl of Holderness.

Having said enough of cinquefoils, as armorial figures, I proceed to

Quatrefoils, or catcrfoils, which are flowers of four leaves, but are not so fre-
quently to be met with in arms as the former.

The name of WHITE, with us, argent, a martlet sable, between three quatre-
foils of the last, and on a chief of the same as many quatrefoils of the first.
Font's MS.

As for the antiquity of the name, Sir James Dalrymple observes one Viniet Al-
bus, witness in a charter of King Edgar to the church of Durham, who perhaps
may be the first of the surname of White.

JOHN WHYTT of Bennochy, argent, a martlet displayed betwixt three quatre-
foils sable, on a chief of the second, as many quatrefoils of the first : motto, Virtute
parta. N. R.

JOHN WHITE of Burnetshiels, argent, an eagle displayed between three quatre-
foils sable, on a chief ingrailed of the second, as many quatrefoils of the first :
motto, Honeste parta. Ibid,

There are many families in England who carry quatrefoils; I shall here only
mention one, for its singularity. The name of PLATT, vert, three quatrefoils
argent, each charged with a lion's head erased sable.

Trefoils are flowers or herbs of three leaves, more frequent in arms than the
quatrefoil, and are often represented with stalks, for which, in blazon, they are
said to be slipped, or stalked, which represent the clover-grass, the emblem of fer-
tility; with such the Romans adorned the crowns and chaplets of the victorious,
called corona graminea.

BOTHWELL Lord HOLYROODHOUSE, azure, on a cheveron between three trefoils
slipped or, a crescent gules, supported on the dexter by a spaniel dog, collared
gules, and on the sinister by a goshawk, proper, jessed, beaked, and belled w;
crest, a naked boy pulling down the top of a green pine tree ; with the motto,
Obduram adversus urgentia.

BOTHWELL of Ford carried the foresaid arms, without the crescent and exterior
ornaments; which may be seen illuminated in the House of Falahall.

As for the antiquity of this name, the first that I have met with was one Arthur
Bothwell of Adam, who was knighted by King James IV. whose son was likewise
a knight, called Sir Francis, one of the Lords of the Council and Session in the
reign of King James V. He had two sons by his wife Anne, daughter to the
Lord Livingston, Sir Richard Bothwell, Provost of Edinburgh, in the reign of
Queen Mary, and Adam Bothwell, Bishop of Orkney; who, as Bishop of Orkney,
and Commendator of Holyroodhouse, grants a charter to Sir Robert Stewart of the
revenue of the Episcopal See of Orkney, and to his spouse, Dame Jean Kennedy,
nnd their son, Henry, of the date the iyth of July 1572; to which was appended
the said bishop's seal, which had the foresaid arms, without a crescent and exterior
ornaments. He complied with the Reformation, and it was he that married Q^ueen
Mary with Hepburn Earl of Bothwell. He was also married himself, and had
children. His eldest son, John Bothwell, was one of the Senators of the College
of Justice, and created a Lord of Parliament, by the title of Lord Holyroodhouse,
who died without issue.

ALEXANDER BOTHWELL of Glencross, as lineally descended of Sir Richard Both-
well, Provost of Edinburgh, the bishop's elder brother, serves himself heir before
the sheriffs of Edinburgh, the 4th of February 1 704, to his grandfather, Adam

OF FLOWERS AND LEAVES. 393

Bothwcll of Whelpside, grandchild to Sir Francis the provost ; as also to the de-
ceased John L->rd Holyroodhouse, grandchild to Adam the bishop, brother to the
provost. And, as their successor, he claimed the title of dignity, and to be entered
into the rolls of Parliament as Lord Holyroodhouse, with the due precedency ; but
the Parliament did nothing therein, and Bothwell of Glencross continues to carry
the achievement of the Lord Holyroodhouse, as before, and iu Plate of Achieve-
ments.

The surname of BALCASKIE, vert, on a cheveron argent, three trefoils slipped of
the field. P. and W. MSS.

UMPHRASTON of that Ilk, argent, on a fesse, between three trefoils slipped gules,
as many lions' heads erased of the first. W. MS.

PLENDERLEITH of Blyth, vert, a cheveron between two trefoils slipped in chief,
and a flower-de-luce in base argent; crest, a hand holding a scroll of paper:
motto, Prompte is1 consulto. L. R.

As for the antiquity of the name, Willielmus de Plenderleitb is to be found in the
Ragman-Roll. There has been a family of this name, ancient burgesses, and land-
ed men, in- the town of Peebles. David Plenderleith, Burgess of Peebles, is infeft
in several lands there, in the year 1548 ; from whom is lineally descended David
Plenderleith of Blyth, Advocate, whose father purchased the lands of Blyth.

The surname of HARVEY, gules, on a bend argent, three trefoils slipped vert.

JAMES HAKVEY of Broadley, azure, on a bend or, three trefoils vert; crest, ano-
ther of the same : motto, Delectat i3 ornat. N. R.

HARVEY of Alrick, gules,, a fesse or, between three mullets in chief argent, and a
mascle in base of the last. P. MS.

There are others of the name carry azure, a fesse or, between two martlets in
chief, and a Catharine-wheel in base argent ; that is, St Catharine's wheel upon
which she suffered martyrdom.

The name of GILBERT, argent, on a cheveron azure, between three trefoils vert,
as many flower-de-luces or. P. MS.

These of that name in England carry argent, on a cheveron sable, three roses of
the first.

The name of MACHAN, or M'MACHAN, azure, a cheveron argent, between three
trefoils or, called Clavers, in Mr Thomas Crawfurd's Heraldry.

ROGER PALMER Earl of CASTLEMAIN, and Baron Limerick in Ireland, or, two bars
gules, each charged with three trefoils slipped of the first. A. H.

MOORE of Bankhall, in Lancashire, vert, ten^trefoils argent, 4, 3, 2 and i. Mor-
gan's Heraldry.

Many other instances may be given for bearing of trefoils by the English.

Leaves of trees, plants, and herbs, are used in arms, not only upon the account
of their natural and symbolical qualities, but as relative to the names of the
bearers.

These of the name of Fot'Lis bear argent, three leaves vert. The name is from
the French •wordfeui/its, which signifies leaves, whence those of the name are said
to be of a French extract, and to have been long in Scotland.

Reginaldus de Foulis is a witness in charters in the reign of Alexander II. The
lands of Foulis, in Angus, on the borders of Perthshire, belonged of old to those of
this name.

WILLIAM FOULIS, Arch-Dean of St Andrews, was Secretary to King James I.
His nephew, William, married Elizabeth, daughter to Sir Walter Ogilvie, with
whom he had two sons, William, and James, who married Margaret, a daughter of
Sir Thomas Henderson of Fordell ; and with her had a son, James, who succeeded
to his uncle William, who died without issue. This James purchased the lands of
Collington in the year 1534: He was Clerk-Register, and his commission was re-
newed by Queen Mary 1542. He married Katharine Brown, daughter to Brown
of Hartree, and was succeeded by his son, Henry Foulis of Collington, who mar-
ried a daughter of Haldane of Gleneagles. Their son was James, father of Sir
James Foulis, who married a daughter of Lauder of Hatton, father of Sir Alexan-
der Foulis, dignified with the honour of Knight-Baronet 1634. He had by his
wife Elizabeth, a daughter of Hepburn of Riccarton, Sir James Foulis of Colling-
ton, who married Barbara, daughter to Andrew Ainslie, one of the magistrates of

394 °F FLOWERS AND LEAVES.

Edinburgh, a loyal man, and sufferer for King Charles I. who, upon the Restora-
tion of King Charles II. was made one of the Senators of the College of Justice.
As also, his son Sir James, designed of Redford, was one of the Senators of that
honourable Bench in the reigns of Charles II. and James VII. who married Mar-
garet, daughter to John Boyd, Dean of Guild of Edinburgh, by whom he had Sir
James Foulis of Collington. Their arms, as the principal family of the name, are,
argent, three bay leaves slipped vert ; crest, a dexter hand couped, holding a sword
in pale, supporting a laurel, all proper: motto, Mente manuque presto. L. R. and
in Plate of Achievements.

Mr ALEXANDER FOULIS of Ratho, descended of a second son of Collington,
argent, on a cheveron between three laurel leaves vert, as many besants argent;
crest, a dove holding an olive branch in her beak, proper : motto, Pax. New
Register.

Sir JOHN FOULIS of Ravelston, Baronet, argent on a fesse between three bay
leaves vert, a primrose or; crest, a dove volant, holding a leaf in her beak, proper:
motto, Tbure & jure.

Sir John married Margaret, daughter to Sir Archibald Primrose of Chester, and
Register, who gave to the eldest son of the marriage the lands of Dunipace, upon
condition he took upon him the name and arms of Primrose ; which accordingly he
has performed.

Sir John's second son is Laird of WOODHALL, and carries the name and arms of
Foulis, argent, three bay leaves slipped vert, within a bordure ermine; crest, a
flower-p6t with a branch of laurel springing out of it : motto, Non deficit. See
Plate of Achievements.

JOHN FOULIS, Merchant in Edinburgh, argent, a holly branch between three bay
leaves slipped vert : motto, I rise by industry. Ibid.

Laurel is the emblem of victory, and the triumphant garlands of the Romans
were made of laurel leaves.

JOHN WORDIE of Trabreck, argent, a hand issuing out of the dexter side of the
shield, holding a garland ensigned with an imperial crown, proper, on a chief gules,
two thistles argent : motto, Nil indigne. (N. R.) All which are equivocally relative
only to the name of Wordie. L. R.

The name of Lowis carry laurel leaves relative to the name.

JAMES Lowis of Merchiston, or, three laurel leaves vert; crest, a dexter hand
holding a lance in bend, proper: motto, Nos asperajuvant. New Register.

Lowis of Menar, argent, a mullet azure, between three laurel leaves vert.
Font's Manuscript.

FRANCIS LAWRIE of Plainstones, and sometime one of the Bailies of Portsburgh,
parted per fesse, gules and sable, a cup argent, with a garland issuing out of the top
between two laurel branches vert; crest, the trunk of an oak sprouting out, pro-
per : motto, Repullulat. N. R.

Hollin, or holly leaves, a kind of laurel so called upon the account that, with
such evergreens, temples, altars, and holy places were wont to be adorned.

ALEXANDER IRVINE of Drum, argent, three small sheafs, or bundles of holly, 2
and i vert, each consisting of as many leaves slipped of the last, banded gules;
crest, a sheaf of arrows ; supporters, two savages wreathed about the head and
middle with holly, each carrying in their hands a batton, all proper: motto, Sub
sole, sub vmbra virens. Ibid.

In our old books of arms they are blazoned, argent, three holly leaves vert; and
in others, as in Sir George Mackenzie's Heraldry, argent, three holly branches, each
consisting of as many leaves vert, banded together gules; and are so painted "on
the House of Falahall in the year 1604.

Sir George, in his Science of Heraldry, says, that King Robert the Bruce had,
for his badge and device, three such leaves ; with the motto, Sub sole, sub umbra
virens; which he gave for arms, with the forest of Drum, in the shire of Aberdeen,
to one Irvine, (afterwards designed of Drum) his armour-bearer, one of the pro-
genitors of the present Irvine of Drum, an ancient and principal family.

IRVINE of Bonshaw, another ancient family in the West of Scotland, carried
wgent, three holly leaves slipped vert.

OF FLOWERS AND LEAVES. 305

Of which family was Lieutenant-Colonel GERARD IRVINE of Castle-Fortagh, who
carried argent, a fesse gules, between three holly leaves vert; crest, a hand in a
gauntlet, issuing out of a cloud, holding a thistle, proper: motto, Dum mcmor ipsc
met. New Register.

JAMES IRVINE of Artamford, whose father was a third son of Drum, argent, three
holly branches, each consisting of as many leaves, proper, banded gules, within a
bordure indented vert; crest, two holly leaves crossing other in saltier vert: motto,
Sub sole viresco. L. R.

CHRISTOPHER IRVINE, Doctor of Physic, argent, three holly leaves and a chief
vert; crest, a hand holding a bay rod, adorned with nine leaves, proper, with the
chymical letters of Terra, Aqua, Ignis, Sal, Spiritus, Sulphur, Sol, Venus, Mcrcuii-
us, or: motto, Auspice summo iiumlne. Ibid.

JAMES IRVINE of Inchray, argent, a cheveron between three holly leaves vert;
crest, two holly branches saltier-ways, proper : motto, Seqttitur vestigia patrum.
Ibid.

ROBERT IRVINE of Fedderet, whose father was a second son of Drum, argent,
three holly branches, each consisting of as many leaves, proper, banded gules, all
within a bordure ingrailed vert; crest, a branch of holly banded as the former:
motto, Ope soils IS umbra. Ibid.

JOHN IRVINE of Kingoussie, descended of Drum, quarterly, first and fourth
argent, the arms of Drum, within a bordure cheque, vert and argent; second and
third argent, an eagle displayed sable, armed gules, within a bordure of the second,
for Ramsay; crest, a decussis like the letter X, within a circle sable: motto, Deo,
Regi, y Patrice. Ibid.

Mr ROBERT IRVINE of Bieldside, second lawful son of John Irvine of Murtle,
descended of a third son of Drum, argent, a sheaf of arrows gules, betwixt three
holly branches, each consisting of as many leaves vert, banded together of the se-
cond, all within a bordure as the third ; crest, three holly leaves conjoined in one
stalk, proper: motto, Moderata durant. Ibid.

ALEXANDER IKVINE of Lairnie, descended of Drum, bears as Drum, all within
a bordure vert, charged with six leaves slipped argent; crest, a branch of holly
and a lily, both slipped, crossing other in saltier, proper: motto, Candide fcf con-
stanter. Ibid.

Mr RICHARD IRVINE of Cairnfield, descended of Drum, quarterly, first and fourth
the arms of Drum, within a bordure ingrailed vert; second and third gules, three
crescents argent, for Oliphant; crest, a cross croslet fitched gules, and a branch of
holly slipped vert, disposed saltier- ways: motto, Ferendo feres. Ibid.

IRVINE of Lenturk, the eldest cadet of Drum, bears as Drum, within a bordure
vert; crest, a sheaf of holly consisting of seven leaves, and banded as the former:
motto, Fideque perennant. Ibid.

JOHN IRVINE of Murthill, argent, a sheaf of arrows gules, between three holly
branches, each consisting of three leaves, proper, banded together of the second ;
motto, Sub sole, sub umbra crescens. Ibid.

Leaves, of what kind I know not, frequently called Burnet-leaves, are carried by
the name of BURNET, as relative to the name, which is ancient with us; for in the
charter of foundation of the abbacy of Selkirk, by Earl David, younger son of
Malcolm Canmore, Robertus de Burnetvilla is a witness; and the same man, or his
son, is witness again in Earl David's charters when King of Scotland.

There are two principal families of the name, in the South and North of Scot-
land, who have contended for chiefship; that in the South, in the shire of Peebles,
is BURNET of Burnetland,. or of that Ilk, so designed of old, and of late, of Barns.
The other in the North, in the county of Merns, is BURNET of Leys; the first
pretends to be descended of the above Robertus de Burnetvilla, i. e. Burnetland.

I have seen a mortification of a chaplainry of the Holyrood altar, in the kirk of St
Gregan of Menner, and diocese of Glasgow, by John Burnet of that Ilk, the apth of
December 1400; which chaplainry he enrjches with the rents of some tenements of
lands and houses which belonged to him in the town of Peebles. The same John
I find designed of Burnetland, as by a charter of John Towers, and his wife Sibilla
Veitch, to John Burnet of Burnetland, the I5th of March 1405. And in the year
1500, Margaret Inglis, sister of Inglis of Murdiston, and widow of John Burnet of

396 OF FLOWERS AND LEAVES.

that Ilk, by virtue of a brief, is served in a reasonable tierce of the five-merk
lands of Barns, and of the half of the lands of Burnetland, before the sheriff of
Peebles, and these gentlemen their neighbours, viz. William Fraser of Fruid, Alex-
ander Veitch of Dawick, Gilbert Baird, John Govan of Cardrona, James Sandilands .
of Bold, David Tait of Pirn, Thomas Dickson of Ormiston, &-c. And in the year
1505, William Inglis of Murdiston, and Mr John Murray, are tutors dative to Wil-
liam Burnet of Burnetland, grandchild and heir to John Burnet of Burnetland.
Which William and his successors were afterwards designed of Barns ; as by the
writs of the family, which I have seen in the custody of the late William Burnet
of Barns. The arms of the family are blazoned, argent, three holly leaves vert,
and a chief azure; crest, a hand with a knife pruning a vine tree, proper: motto,
Virescit vulnere virtus. N. R.

Of this family was descended the pious and learned Doctor ALEXANDER BUR-
NET, Archbishop of St Andrews in the reign of King Charles II. who carried the
same.

ROBERT BURNET, Writer to the Signet, and Commissary of Peebles, a younger
son of Barns, carried the same arms; but for his difference embattled the chief;
crest, a vine branch slipped: motto, Tandem Jit surculus arbor. N. R.

The other principal family of the name is BURNET of Leys, in the county of
the Merns, honoured with the title of Knight-Baronet in the year 1626. This
family, says Sir George Mackenzie, got a charter of the lands of Lees from King
Robert Bruce, and carries argent, three holly leaves in chief vert, and a hunting-
horn in base sable, garnished gules ; crest, a hand with a knife pruning a vine tree,
proper: motto, Virescit vulnere virtus. N. R.

Sir George Mackenzie, in his Science of Heraldry, page 3. says, the family car-
ties the hunting-horn, and a highlander in a hunting-garb, and a greyhound, for
supporters ; to show that they were the king's foresters in the north, as the
foresters in the south carry three hunting-horns, to show their employment. Of
this family of Leys are very considerable cadets, whose arms are matriculated in
the New Register.

THOMAS BURNET of Innerleith, descended of Leys, argent, three holly leaves in
chief, and a hunting-horn in base sable, garnished gules, within a bordure indented
of the second, and a crescent for difference; crest, a holly branch, proper: motto,
Vlrtute cresco. Ibid.

ALEXANDER BURNET of Craigmelie, whose father was lawfully procreate between
James Burnet of the House of Leys, and Elizabeth* Burnet, heiress of Craigmelie,
and representer of Craigmelie of that Ilk, bears two coats, quarterly, first and
fourth Burnet of Leys; second and third azure, two garbs in chief, and a crescent
in base or, for Craigmelie: crest, a dexter hand holding the branch of a palm tree;
with the motto, ^uee vernant crescunt. Ibid.

ALEXANDER BURNET, Merchant in Aberdeen, Gentleman, argent, a battle-axe
pale-ways, between three holly leaves in chief, and a bugle in base vert, garnished
gules : motto, £>uidni pro sodali. Ibid.

ROBERT BURNET, Procurator-Fiscal of Aberdeen, descended of Leys, carries as
Leys, with a billet azure in the centre, for his difference; crest, a hand with
a cutlass cutting through a vine branch, proper: motto, Tandem Jit surculus arbor.
Ibid.

Dr THOMAS BURNET, Physician in Ordinary to his Majesty, descended of a
third son of the family of Leys, carries as Leys, with a mullet for difference : And
his brother,

Dr GILBERT BURNET, late Bishop of Sarum, carried the same, as in Dale Pur-
suivant's Catalogue of the Nobility of England, where he blazons the holly leaves,
Buniet-leaves.

Mr ANDREW BURNET of Wariston carries the arms of Leys, as descended of Leys,
within a bordure indented vert; crest, a branch of holly; with the motto, Virtute
cresco. L. R.

JOHN BURNET of Dalladies, descended' of the family of Leys, carries as Leys,
within a bordure compone, argent and vert;, crest, a branch of holly slipped, pro-
per: motto, Nee flitctu nee flatu. Ibid.

OF ARTIFICIAL FIGURES IN ARMORIES. 3y7

JAMES BURNET of Shetchocksly, whose grandfather was a third son of the House
of Leys, argent, a falcon volant, proper, bef.vcen three holly leaves in chief I
and a hunting-horn in base sahle, garnished gules; crest, a hand with a knifr
pruning a vine-tree, proper: motto, Virescit valuers virtus. Ibid.

There was a family of the name of BORNAT, or BURNET, . in Clydesdale,
Workman's Manuscript, page 96, who carried argent, a naked man, proper, hold-
ing a sword with both his hands, to cut a tree growing out of a mount in base i
and on a chief azure, a crescent between two stars of the first.

Leaves of nettles are likewise to be found in arms, as in the achievement of the
Kings of Denmark, for the Country of HOLSTEIN, g ales, a nettle of three k-..
expanded, and on its middle an inescutcheon ardent.

The Country L'ORTIU, in Gallicia, carries arvent, three leaves of nettles, proper.
L'Ortie signifies a nettle in that country.

The name of MALLIKKRB, anciently with us, carried or, a cheveron gules, be-
tween three leaves of a nettle v&'t, as equivocally relative to the name. Bal-
four's MS.

The name of GEICHEN, with us, carries argent, a fosse gules, between two fern
leaves in chief vert, and a boar's hciid erased in base sable. Font's Manuscript.

It is to be observed, all fruits, tlowers and leaves, are supposed to be erect, with
their heads and tops upward ; but when downward, and stalks upward, they are
then said to be pendent ; as in the arms of PINE, in England, argent, three holly
leaves pendent vert.

To put an end to this chapter, I shall only here mention the arms of ROBERT
DOUGLAS of Cruxston, quarterly, first and fourth argent, a man's heart gules, en-
signed with an imperial crown, and, on a chief azure, three stars of the first ; se-
cond and third argent, a cross counter-embattled sable, all within a bordure in-
grailed of the first, charged with eight holly leaves vert, for Irvine of Drum ; crest
and motto as Douglas of Glenbervie ; being descended of John Douglas, second son
of Sir Archibald Douglas of Glenbervie, and his second wife Alice Irvine, a daugh-
ter of Irvine of Drum. As in Plate of Achievements.

CHAP. VIII.

OF ARTIFICIAL FIGURES IN ARMORIES.

MANY of these have attributes and terms from the Science of Heraldry, as
well as the others above treated of; as also from their position, disposition,
and situation in the shield, as will appear by the following blazons.

They are to be considered, first, as they relate to military use, both by land and
sea. Secondly, as to a civil life in temporal and ecclesiastical offices. And,
lastly, as they relate to liberal and mechanical professions.

I shall begin with military instruments, because arms had their first rise from
military actions.

The shield being a military instrument, I have treated of before, as an honour-
able tabula, containing armorial figures ; and also as an armorial charge among t!)c
sub-ordinaries.

The sword, the badge of authority, and mark of a military man, as such, is fre-
quent in arms, to perpetuate some military exploit done, or to be done; whose
position, with the hilt and pommel, if of different tinctures, are to be noticed in
the blazon.

HALLIDAY of Tillybole, argent, a svvcrd pale-ways, the pommel within a cres-
cent in base gules, and a canton azure, charged with a St Andrew's cioss of th<-
first; crest, a boar's head couped argent, armed or; motto, Virtute partri. Pont's
Manuscript.

SLEWMAN, gules, a lion passant in chief, between two masclcs, a sword pale -ways
pointing down war- 1, accompanied with two boar-heads couped argent, in the dex-
ter and sinister base points ; so illuminated in Workman's MS.

KEMP of Comiston, gules, two hands holding a two-handed sword, bend-sinister-
ways, broken near the top argent. W. and P. MS.

398 OF ARTIFICIAL FIGURES IN ARMORIES.

Sir ALEXANDER KEMP, a favourite of King James V. married the heiress of
Thomas Durie of that Ilk, and got with her the lands of Durie, whose posterity
sold them to the Gibsons. Sibbald's History of Fife.

SYMONSTON of that Ilk, gules, a two-handed sword bend-ways, between two
mullets or. Font's MS.

The name of SCHIERES, gules, three swords in fesse pale-ways, with their point-
downward argent, hiked and pommelled or. Mackenzie's Heraldry.

The name of KINROSS, gules, a cheveron cheque, or and azure, between three
swords pale-ways argent, hiked and pommelled or, 2 and i. John Kinross, sheritl"
of Kinross, is witness in a perambulation of the laads of Clesh, belonging to Gilbert
de Clesh, in the year 1252. Had. Coll.

The lands of Cleish are called now Dowhill ; which lands came to those of the
name of Crambith, and from that name to the Lindsays, and are now possessed by
Mr James Lindsay of Dowhill.

The name of GARRAN, argent, a sword in pale azure, hiked and pommelled or,
surmounted on the point by a mullet gules, and over all a saltier coupad sable.
Mackenzie's Heraldry.

The name of ABERKERBOR, or ABERHERDOUR, azure, three swords in fesse pale-
ways, points upward argent, hiked and pommelled or, surmounted of a bend gules.
Font's MS.

SERES Lord DUNDEE, of old, gules, three swords in fesse pale-ways, points up-
wards argent, as in Mr Thomas Crawfurd's MS.

The name of EWART, or HEWART, argent, on a fesse azure between a dexter
hand in chief, and a man's heart in base gules, two swords in saltier of the first,
hiked and pommelled or. Ogilvie's MS.

Sir JAMES JUSTICE of East-Crichton, one of the principal Clerks of the College
of Justice, azure, a sword in pale argent, hiked and pommelled or, supporting a
pair of balances, within a bordure of the last; crest, a sword erected : motto, Non
sine causa. As in Plate of Achievements.

The ancient family of PAULET, in England, sable, three swords, their points con-
joined in base argent, hiked or. Thus blazoned by Imhoff, " Tessera Pauletorum
" gentilitia, gladios tres argenteos quorum cuspides deorsum protensae coeunt, in
" parma nigra, representat." This ancient family took their surname from the
lordship of Paulet in Somersetshire.

Sir JOHN PAULET, Knight, in the reign of Richard II. left behind him two sons,
the eldest, Sir Thomas Paulet, the second, William Paulet. From the first is
descended the present Earl of Paulet, who carries as above ; and from the last
William is descended the noble family of PAULET Duke of BOLTON, who carries the
same arms, with accrescent for difference.

The name of STAPLETON, in England, gives another position to their three swords,
ordinarily thus blazoned, gules, three swords conjoined at the pommels in the centre
argent, their points extending to the corners of the escutcheon. Others blazon thus,
gules, three swords conjoined at the pommels in pearl argent, as the French say,
mises en pairle, of which before : Or, as some of the Latins say, after the form of
Pythagoras's letter Y, as Sylvester Petra Sancta, " Terni gladii argentei in modum
" literae Pytagoricae juncti, capulis in medio arese puniceae."

The EPISCOPAL SEE of LONDON, gules, two swords in saltier argent, the hilts or.

The name of NORTON, in England, azure, three swords, one in pale, with the
point upwards, surmounted of other two placed saltier-ways, with the points down-
wards argent.

Crooked swords are frequently borne, such as shabbies and cutlasses, which the
French call badelaires.

The crampet of a sword, called bauteroll by the French, is to be found in the
arms of the Town of SEBACH, in the country of Touraine, argent, three bauterolls
gules.

Battle-axes and halberts are carried as armorial figures by several families
with us.

DAVID TOSHACH of Monivaird, or of that Ilk, is thus matriculated in our New
Register, whose predecessor is said to be descended of the great Macduff Thane o,
Fife, in the reign of Malcolm Canznore, about the time of killing Macbeth ; gules

OF ARTIFICIAL FIGURES 1NT ARMORIES.

two pole-axes in pale argent, over all a fesse cbcqut of the second, and azure; crest,
a sinister hand issuing out of the wreath, anil thereon a falcon rising, all proper :
motto, Ma ha an tosbach.

The name of DENNIS, argent, three battle-axes sable, within a bordure gules.
P. MS.

WALTER RANK.EN of Orehardhead, gute.r, three boars' heads erased argent, 2 and i,
betwixt a lance issuing out of the dexter base, and a Lochaber-axe issuing out of
the sinister, both erect in pale of the second ; crc^t, a lance issuing out of the torce i
motto, Fortiter fc? recte. N. R.

ALEXANDER RANK.EN, Merchant in Perth, argent, three boars' heads couped, be-
twixt as many battle-axes gules, and in the centre a quatrefoil vert; crcbt, a ->hip,
proper : motto, Providtntia i£ virtute. N. R.

AUCHMOUTIE of that Ilk, in the shire of Fill-, an old family, now extinct, argent,
a broken spear bend-ways, between two mullets azure. P. MS.

There was another family of the name, lairds oi" Gosford in East-Lothian, a ca-
det of the former family, now extinct.

The name of GIBB, with us, gules, a dexter hand holding a broken spear, between
two mullets or. These of that name in England, argent, three battle-axes in fesse
pale-ways sable.

JAMES ELLIS of Southside, or, three helmets with beavers open; crest, a hand
gauntled grasping an adder, proper : motto, Sperno. N. R.

ROBERTON of that Ilk, quarterly, first and fourth argent, a close helmet sable ;
second and third gules, a cross croslet fitched or. W. MS.

This is an old family in Lanarkshire : Robertas de Roberton is witness in a charter
of Robertus filius Waldevi de Bigris, in the reign of King Alexander II. as in the
chartulary of Kelso. See History of Renfrew. From two brothers of this family
were descended the Robertons of Earnock, and of Bedley.

ROBERTON of Earnock, quarterly, first and fourth gules, a close helmet argent ;
second and third argent, a cross croslet fitched gules. P. MS.

ROBERTON of Bedlay, g ules, a close helmet argent. Mackenzie's Heraldry.

The name of BALBIRNY, with us, vert, a fesse cheque, argent and azure, between
three cuirasses, or habergeons (/'. e . breast-plates) of the second, and on a chief of
the same three buckles of the third. P. MS.

The name ARMIGER, in England, azure, two bars argent, between three .close
helmets or.

A gauntlet, the armour of the hand, is carried with us by the name of KEIX..
argent, a gauntlet glove azure, on a chief g ules, a mullet or. P. MS.

Mr Thomas Crawfurd, in his Manuscript, says, that KEIN of Hethelry carried
g ules, a gauntlet in fesse or, and, on a chief argent, three stars of the first. When
the arm is wholly covered with armour, it is said to be vambraced ; as by those
of the name of ARMSTRONG, in England, g ules, three dexter arms vambraced, pro-
per. And with us those of the name carry such figures, of which before, page
262.

When the legs are covered with armour, they are said only to be armed, as be-
fore, in the armorial ensign of the Isle of Man.

Spurs, with the Romans, was the badge of knighthood, proper to their Equites.
aurati, as the golden spurs to the German Knights, and the same to the Knights
of the Spur in England, (as Ashmole on the Garter, page 29.). who. likewise tells
us, that a family of the name of KNIGHT, in Shrewsbury, carries argent, three
pallets gules, within a bordnre ingrailed azure, and a dexter canton- of the si-coml.
charged with a spur and its leather or ; and the same canton is earned by other
two families of the name of Knight in England.

With us, GIBB of Cariber, gules, a dexter hand holding a spear bend-ways, be-
tween two spurs or, with leathers argent. Pont and Mr Thomas Crawfurd's Manu-
scripts.

The rowels of spurs are more frequently borne than the whole spur, called mullc x
or mullets, from the French mollettes tfeperon, the rowel of a spur. They have ordi-
narily six points, and are pierced in the middle, by which they are distinguished
from stars, as Monsieur Baron, in his FArt Heraldique, " Les mollettes d'eperon, quc
" Ton appelle simplement mollettes, ont pour 1'ordinaire six poiutes, &- sont perce'e--

4co OF ARTIFICIAL FIGURES IN ARMORIES.

" au milieu en quoi elles sont differentes des etoiles." Sylvester Petra Sancta says
the same, but mentions not the number of their points, " Ehenatas calcarium rnol-
" lute pertusac in orbem, in quo nimirum a stellis tesserariis ex differunt, equestii,
" militine argumcntum esse possunt."

The English do not clearly distinguish in their blazons, mallets, or mullets, whe-
ther they represent a spur-rowel or a star; and distinguish them not by the num-
ber of their points, but sometimes they add the word pierced to a mollet, to repre-
sent a spur-rowel; though since mollet signifies nothing else, the term pierced seem,-,
superfluous. Upon what account they call stars, mollets, or mullets, I cannot
learn; it seems they take them for fallen stars, as Guillim,; such as that in the
bearing of Vere Earl of Oxford, called a mollet by them, to represent the star
which they say fell on the shield of one of his progenitors at the seige of Jem
salem.

Our old blazoners call them spur-rials, or revels, to distinguish them from stars;
but our moderns have followed the English, calling them stars, both nioliets, or
mullets, without distinction ; so that it is hard to know when they represent the
one or the other, except they add the word pierced, which is often omitted in their
blazons and paintings.

I ordinarily take mallets, or mullets, for stars in blazon, when they accompany
celestial figures, as these in the arms of Baillie; but when they accompany mili-
tary instruments, and other pieces of armour, for spur-rowels. When they have
no such figures with them, but are alone in a shield, consisting only of five points,
as these in the arms of Sutherland, Douglas, &c. I take these mullets then for stars,
except some other documents or tradition make their signification appear. I shall
here subjoin some examples of spur-rowels.

Sir JOHN JARDINE of Applegirth, Baronet, argent, a saltier and chief gules on the
last, three spur-rowels of six points of the first ; which arms are supported on the
right side by a horse at liberty argent, and on the left by a man completely armed
cap-a-pee, proper; crest, a spur-rowel of six points, as the former; with the motto,
Cave adsum; as in the L. R. and Plate of Achievements. He is chief of the
name, and represents an ancient family, which was of old very numerous, and
active in defending the borders of Scotland against the English and other depreda-
tors. They had considerable lands in Galloway, and, in the East Border, the lands
of Jardinefield, so called of old, and at this time.

As for the antiquity of the name, Winfredus Jardine is witness in a charter of
King David I. to the abbacy of Kelso, and, in another, to the abbacy of Aberbro-
thock, as in their chartularies, and in Mr Prynne's Collections of the Barons of
Scotland, that attended King Edward I. at Berwick, in the competition for the
crown of Scotland between the Bruce and Baliol. There are of the name to be
found, and the family has matched with honourable families, as with Charteris of
Amisfield, Douglas of Drumlanrig, and of late again, Sir Alexander Jardine of
Applegirth, Baronet, married Lady Margaret Douglas, sister to the first Duke of
CMaeensberry, father and mother of the abovementioned Sir John.

Sir JOSEPH BRAND, in the county of Suffolk, azure, two swords in saltier argent,
hiked and pommelled or, within a bordure of the last ; crest, a leopard's head
issuing out of a ducal coronet.

The name of CURREL, or CURLE, with us, argent, a fesse gules, between two
spur-rowels in chief, and a hunting-horn in base sable, stringed of the second.
P. MS.

The name of PURDIE, or, a cheveron azure between three mullets pierced sable.
(P. MS.) Sometimes the piercing is of a different tincture from the field, as in
other figures voided.

The name of NIDDRIE, azure, a fesse or, between three mullets of the last, pierced
argent.

SIMM, gules, a cheveron argent, between two spur-rowels in chief, and a halbert
in base or. P. MS.

The name of TOWNES, quarterly, first and fourth, parted per pale, argent and
gules, two spur-rowels in pale counter-changed ; second and third gules, three
knight-helmets or. P, MS.

OF ARTIFICIAL FIGURES IN ARMORIES.

The name of BURN, or, two spur-rowels, and a lumting-horn in base sable.
Others of that name, argent, on a bend sable, three buckles or. P. MS.

Mr ANDREW BRYSON of Craigton, gules, a saltier betwixt two spur-rowels in
fesse, a spear-head in chief argent, and a crescent in base or. N. R.

The EPISCOPAL SEE of BANGOR, in England, gules, a bend argent, gutte sable,
between two mullets pierced of the second, as by Dale Pursuivant's Heraldry ;
and other English heralds blazon spur-rowels, mollets pierced.

There are many noble families in England who carry such figures, whom I
cannot here mention for want of room.

Buckles, or clasps, in arms, called by the English sometimes fermailes, from the
French, fermeaux, buckles. Sylvester Petra Sancta says, " Fibulae tesserariae perti-
" nent ad militare cingulum," i. e. buckles belong to the military belt. As for
the military belt, the fesse or bend, I have treated of them before. Buckles, clasps,
and rings, are said by heralds, especially by Menestrier, to represent power and
authority in the bearers, as also an acknowledgment of a dependence of sovereign
powers ; for such things were of old ordinary gifts of superiors, as badges of fidelity
and firmness. And Mr Morgan, in his Heraldry, says, that these arming buckles
were added as a sign of power and authority to the bordures of the Stewarts Earls
of Darnly and Lennox, upon account these earls were Viceroys of Naples and
Calabria.

The name of STIRLING has always been in use to carry buckles variously
situate, sometimes 3, 2 and i ; at other times in chief, or on a chief, in ancient
bearings; but more frequently on a bend, as now used.

As for the antiquity of the name, IValterus de Strivilin is witness in a charter of
Prince Henry, son of King David I. of the grant of the church of Sprouston, by
John, Bishop of Glasgow. (Register of Kelso, p. 143.) And in the Earl of Had-
dington's Collection of Charters, especially these of King William, Robert de Stri-
vilin is frequently to be found a witness ; and in the charters of Alexander II.
Robert and Walter Strivilins are witnesses there. In a transumpt of a charter of
Alexander III. the i^th year of his reign, (which I did see in the hands of the late
Lord Kinnaird) to Richard de Moravia, brother to Gilbert, Bishop of Caithness,
of the lands of Cowbine, the witnesses are Thomas de Strivilin, Cancellarius, Ingel-
ramus de Baliol, Vice-comes de Berwick, Henricus de Baliol, Alexander Fife, Williel-
mus Bizzet; which charter was transumed before William, Bishop of Murray, un-
der the hands of Sir Thomas Moodie, and Sir Martin Tulloch, clerks, in the year
1481. There are several families of the name of Stirling to be found in Prynne's
Ragman-Roll, submitters to King Edward 1. in the year 1297, as Johannes de Stri-
vilin, miles, Alexander de Strivilin in Lanarkshire, Johannes de Striviling de Mora-
via, Johannes de Striviling de Carss in Stirlingshire. This last family is known to
have ended in an heiress, married to Monteith, who got the lands of Carse with
her, which was enjoyed by their posterity, of the name of MONTEITH, who quarter-
ed the arms of Stirling, viz. azure, three buckles or, with the arms of the nrme of
Monteith, of which before.

Sir James Balfour, in his Blazons, says, in the year 1292, Sir William Stirling
carried, parted per fesse, sable and or, three buckles of the last on the first ; which
arms I think be the same which Sir George Mackenzie ascribes to Stirling of
Glenesk, in his MS. viz. or, on a chief sable, three buckles of the first ; Sir George
taking the partition for the honourable ordinary the Chief.

The family of Stirling of Glenesk failed in an heir-female, who was married to
Sir Alexander Lindsay; he got with her the lands of Glenesk, in the reign of King
David II. who confirmed these lands to him, with the lands of Byres; as in Had.
Coll. page 574.

STIRLING of Keir has always been reckoned the principal family of the name,
and thought to be descended from the first Walter de Strivilin, witness in Prince
Henry's charter before-mentioned : Of old, he carried argent, on a bend sable, three
buckles or. Some books have made the bend vert, and others azure; but the bend
sable is most frequently to be met with, as on the House of Falahall, where the
arms of many of the barons of Scotland were illuminated in the year 1604.
Amongst them are these of Stirling of Keir, argent, on a bend ingrailed sable, three
buckles or. In our New Register, the arms of Sir John Stirling of Keir, Baronet,

402 OF ARTIFICIAL FIGURES IN ARMORIES.

;tre thus recorded; argent, on a bend azure, three buckles or; crest, a Moor's head
couped, proper : motto, Gang forward. The family has been in use to carry two
greyhounds for supporters.

Sir JOHN STIRLING of Glorat, Baronet, argent, a bend ingrailed azure, charged
with three buckles or, on a chief gules, a naked arm issuing out of a cloud, from
the sinister side, grasping a sword in pale, and therewith guarding an imperial
crown, placed in the dexter chief point, proper, all within a double tressure coun-
ter-flowered with thistles vert; crest, a lion passant gules: motto, Semper fidelis.
(N. R.) Which honourable additament, the chief, was granted to the family for
their loyalty to their sovereigns Charles I. and II. and, in the year 1666, the family
was honoured with the dignity of Knight-Baronet. John Earl of Lennox gave a
grant of the lands of Park of Inchinnan, in the shire of Renfrew, Dilecto consan-
guineo suo Gulielmo Stirling de Gloret, & Margareta; Houston, sponsa SHOE, anno 1525.
A younger son of theirs, Andrew Stirling of Portwallan, obtained the said lands in
patrimony, whose lineal heir is JOHN STIRLING of Law, who carries argent, on a
bend ingrailed azure, three buckles or in chief, an oak tree slipped vert, and there-
upon a raven, proper : motto, Sic fidus & robor. L. R.

WILLIAM STIRLING of Herbertshire, descended of Calder, now annexed to Keir,
argent, on a bend ingrailed azure, between two roses, one in chief, and the other
in base gules, three buckles or ; crest, a boar's head couped, proper: motto, Gang
forward. L. R.

STIRLING of Ardoch, argent, on a bend ingrailed, three buckles or; quartered
with these of Sinclair of Herdmanston, argent, a cross ingrailed azure. This fa-
mily was honoured with the title of Knight-Baronet the 2d day of May in the
year 1666.

GEORGE STIRLING, Chirurgeon in Edinburgh, descended of the family of Calder,
argent, on a bend ingrailed azure, betwixt a rose in chief gules, and a trapan (a
chirurgical instrument) in base, proper, three buckles or; crest, a dexter hand
pointing a lancet, proper : motto, By wounding I cure. N. R.

STIRLING of Craig-Burnet, argent, on a bend ingrailed azure, betwixt a rose in
chief, and a boar's head cabossed in base gules, three buckles or, ensigned on the
head with a cross, proper. Ibid.

JAMES STIRLING, Merchant in Dundee, or, on a bend azure, three buckles of the
first, and, in chief, a columbine flower slipped, proper; crest, a ship under sail,
•proper : motto, Faventibus auris. Ibid.

Mr JOHN STIRLING of Bankell, argent, on a bend ingrailed azure, three buckles
or in chief, a lion's head erased gules; crest, a lion passant, proper : _ motto, Fides
ser-vata secimdat. L. R.

The ancient name of BUNKLE carried buckles relative to the name. Sir James
Battbur says, in the year 1292, Bunkle, sable, three buckles or. The principal
family of the name was Bunkle of that Ilk, in the shire of Berwick, who carried,
us some, argent, on a bend sable, three buckles or. These arms have been display-
ed and perpetuate to us by many noble families, especially the name of STEWART,
upon the account of their maternal descent.

Sir JOHN STEWART, second son to Alexander Lord High Steward of Scotland,
and full brother to James Lord High Steward, married -Margaret, daughter and
heir to Sir Alexander Bunkle of that Ilk, about the year 1294; who, in her right,
ime possessor of many lands, and especially those of Bunkle in the Merse,
after which he was designed Sir John Stewart of Bunkle ; as also, he composed
his armorial bearings with them, viz. or, a fesse cheque, azure and argent, surmount-
ed of u bend sable, charged with three buckles or; for which their issue carried
buckles, as the Stewarts Earls of Angus, and now the Douglases, as descended of
them ; and others descended of Stew;art of Bunkle place the buckles upon their
borders : Of which before at the name of Stewart.

Some of the name of FERGUSSON carry the buckle as the principal figure, viz.
.izure, a buckle argent, betwixt three boars' heads couped or.

FERGUSSON of Kilkerran is very ancient in the shire of Ayr. King Robert I.
grants a charter of several lands in that shire, Fergusio Fergusii filio, (Had. Coll.)
and John Fergusson of Kilkerran resigns a part of his estate to Fergus Fergusson

OF ARTIFICIAL FIGURES IN ARMORIES. 4.3

liis son, and Janet Kennedy his spouse, in the year 1466, (as in Mr Law's Collec-
tions of Charters.)

This family sutfered much by their loyalty in the reign of King Charles I. Sir
John Fergusson of Kilkerran having, after he had contracted great debts for the
service of the king, and his estate sequestered by the Usurper, retired abroad till
the Restoration, a short time after which he died. Honourable mention is made
of him in the Bishop of Sarum's Memoirs of the Dukes of Hamilton, as one v/lio
had firmly adhered in his duty to the king, and who had received several marks
of his Majesty's favour. Of this Sir John the present Sir John Fergusson of Kil-
kerran is grandchild, by his younger son Simon Fergusson of Auchinwin, who, by
a patent from the Lyon, carries the above arms ; and, for crest, a bee upon a
thistle, with the motto, Dulcius ex aspens; as in Plate of Achievements.

FERGUSSON of Aucjiinblain, though having none of the ancient inheritance, is
descended of the abovementioned Sir John, by an elder son, thus, Sir John wu,
married to Helen Kennedy, daughter to Sir Thomas Kennedy of Culzcan, and by
her had four sons; Alexander, • the eldest, James and John, both captains in the
king's army during the civil wars, and Simon of Auchinwin, father of the present
Sir John Fergusson of Kilkerran.

Alexander, the eldest son, married Margaret Sydserf, daughter to Syd-

serf, first Bishop of Galloway, afterwards Bishop of Edinburgh ; and by her he had
two sons, Alexander, and James, a clergyman in England : Alexander married
Katharine, daughter to Sir William Weir of Stonebyres, and with her had three
sons, John, the eldest, who married Margaret, daughter to David Crawfurd of Kerse;
he died without male-issue, leaving only a daughter by a second wife.

William, the second son, married Agnes, eldest daughter and heir-portioner of
John Kennedy of Auchinblain, a grandson of Kennedy of Knockdon. Captain
Alexander, the third son, died in Darien.

John, the eldest son, and Alexander his father, sold the lands of Kilkerran to
the present Sir John Fergusson, in the year 1700. Alexander, the father, John
and William, the two sons, sign a separate writ, which was in my hands, by which
they cheerfully renounce all interest and title they in any manner of way pretend
to the above lands, and wish a happy enjoyment thereof to the said Sir John and
his : Yet still the primogeniture and right of blood, as heir-male, is in the person
of William Fergusson of Auchinblain, who carries the ancient arms of the family,
as above ; and for crest,

The name of LUMISDEN carries a buckle in their arms.

LUMISDEN of that Ilk, an ancient family in the shire of Berwick, azure, on a
cheveron between three mullets or, a buckle of the first. One of this family mar-
ried the heiress of Blenearn of that Ilk, in the same shire, and got these lands with
her ; and besides, to perpetuate the family, added the armorial figures of Blenearn,
vi/.. a hawk, or earn, feeding on a salmon, proper, to their own arms in base, thus
illuminated on the House of Falahall, anno 1604, azure, on a cheveron argent, be-
tween two mullets in chief, and an earn perching on a salmon in base or, a buckle
of the first. 1 am of opinion that the buckle they carry is either upon account
of their alliance with the Stewarts Earls of Angus, or as a mark from their arms
of their superiority and patronage. Afterwards, the earn perching on a salmon,
was carried only in place of the crest, by that family, and other families descended
of it, witli the mottos, Amor patitur moras; and sometimes, / conquer or die, as in
Pout's Manuscript.

GILBERT LUMISDEN of Blenearn obtains a charter of these lands from John
Stewart Earl of Angus, his superior, in the reign of King David II.

It also appears, that the said Lumisdens of Blenearn were heritors of (lie lands
of Lumisden in the shire of Berwick, and were sometimes designed Lumisdens of
that Ilk, as by several charters and retours, and other documents, and particularly
by a charter granted by George Earl of Angus to David Lumisden, designed
therein, dilecto nostro consanguine') Davidi de Lumisden de eodejn, dated in the year
1454 : And by an instrument of division of the lands of Blenearn, wherein the said
David is designed, honor abilis armiger David L'.imisden de eodem, dated 24th of
February 1453. The family continued in the possession of the lands of Lumisden
till 1607, at which time the same were sold by David Lumisden of Blenearn to

404 OF ARTIFICIAL FIGURES IN ARMORIES.

Archibald Douglas of Tofts, as appears by the contract of alienation in the public
registers.

The next branch of the family of Lumisden of that Ilk, was Lumisden of Airdrie
in Fife, of a considerable standing, descended of a second son of Blenearn, and
Lumisden of that Ilk.

Sir James Lumisden of Airdrie purchased the lands of Innergelly, in Fife, about
the year 1940, from which the family has been designed ; and a little time there-
after recovered the lands of Blenearn in the Merse. He had two sons, Sir James,
the eldest, and Robert Lumisden of Strathvithie the second.

Sir JAMES LUMISDEN of Innergelly was Major-General to Gustavus Adolphus
King of Sweden, in whose wars he was famous for the taking of Franckfort on the
Oder. The family is now represented by Robert Lumisden of Innergelly, who
carries azure, a cheveron or, betwixt a wolf's head couped, and a buckle in chief,
and an escalop in base argent; crest, an earn devouring a salmon, proper: motto,
Beware in time.

The same is also carried by Colonel WILLIAM LUMISDEN, third brother to Sir
James Lumisden of Innergelly, all within a bordure ingrailed or. New Register.

ROBERT LUMISDEN of Stravithie, a second son of Innergelly, carries the same
with Innergelly, with a crescent for difference. Ibid.

JOHN LUMISDEN, now of Blenearn, Writer to the Signet, purchased the lands of
Blenearn from Innergelly, and he being a second son of Strathvithie, carries as
Strathvithie, with a filial difference.

ALEXANDER LUMISDEN of Cushnie, azure, a buckle or, between two wolves' heads
in chief, and an escalop in base argent ; crest, a naked arm grasping a sword, pro-
per : motto, Dei dono sum quod sum. Ibid.

MONTEITH of Kerse carried, quarterly, first and fourth or, a bend cheque, sable
and argent; second and third azure, three buckles or.

The first of this family was Sir JOHN MONTEITH, third son to Sir Andrew Mon-
teith of Ruskie, in the stewartry of Monteith, descended of the ancient Earls of
Monteith, of the same surname, who carried only the bend cheque. Sir John
married Marion Stirling, daughter and co-heir to Sir John Stirling of Calder, in
Clydesdale, and with her he got the lands of Kerse and Alva, for which the fa-
mily carried the buckles for the name of Stirling, and flourished for many years.

GEORGE MONTEITH, Merchant in Edinburgh, by the Lyon Register, is said to be
the representer of the family, who carried the above arms ; he left behind him a
son, George.

The next to him that represents the family of Kerse, is MONTEITH of Millhall,
who carries, quarterly, first and fourth or, a bend cheque, sable and argent, for
Monteith ; second and third azure, three buckles or, tor Stirling of Calder, as
above ; and, for his difference, a crescent in • the centre of the quartered arms ;
crest, an eagle looking up to the sun in its glory : motto, Sub sole nihil. As in
Plate of Achievements.

MONTEITH of Auldcathie, descended of a second son of the family of Kerse, car-
ries only or, a bend cheque, sable and argent, on a canton of the second a lion's
head erased of the first ; crest, an eagle rising, proper, looking up to the sun in his
glary : motto, Sub sole nihil. L. R.

The name of BOWIE, argent, on a bend sable, three buckles or. Ogilvie's Manu-
script.

But to proceed; military instruments, ancient and modern, such as bows, arrows,
darts, &c. have been, and are frequent in arms, to show some singular event, or as
relative to the name of the bearer.

BOWER of Kinnet^es, vert, two bows in full bend pale-ways, proper, stringed
argent, between three sheaves of arrows, two in chief, and one in base of the se-
cond : motto, Ad metam. N. R.

The name of BOWES, in England, ermine, three long-bows pale-ways in fesse gules.
Art. Her. f

HUTCHESON, argent, three arrows pale-ways in fesse azure, surmounted of a fesse
or. Font's Manuscript.

Others of that name carry argent, a fesse azure, surmounted of three arrows, the
middlemost pale-ways, the other two bend dexter and sinister-ways, meeting with

OF ARTIFICIAL FIGURES IN ARMORIES. 405

their points downwards in the base, counter-changed of the first and second, and
in chief a boar's head erased sable. Mackenzie's Heraldry.

Dr JOHN HUTTON, representer of th-j family of Hutton of that Ilk, in the shire
of Berwick, so recorded in the Lyon Register 1692, and chief Physician to their
Majesties' Persons, and sole Physician to their Majesties' Forces and Hospitals, and
fellow of the Royal College of Ph \stcians at London and Edinburgh, or, a lion
rampant azure, between three arrrows' points downwards, 2 and i, proper, headed
and feathered argent, and on a chief gules as many besants ; crest, a serpent
catching at the linger of a man's hand, which issues from a cloud, all proper.
L. R.

The name of LITTLEJOHN, argent, three arrows gules, the middlemost paleways,
the other two saltier-ways, with their points downward, feathered or, accompanied
with six trefoils slipped of the second, two in chief, two in fesse, and two in base.

GEORGE M'ALLA, Merchant in Edinburgh, gules, two arrows crossing other sal-
tier-ways argent, surmounted of a fesse cheque of the second and first, between
three buckles, two in chief, and one in base, all within a bordure indented or ;
crest, a boot couped at the ancle, and thereon a spur, proper : motto, Dutce pericu-
lum. New Register.

The beads of spears, arrows and darts, are frequent in arms; and in blazons are
latined, fcrrum hastte, sagittee i$ jaculi. The heads of darts are called pbeons, and
ordinarily by the French, fer de dart, and are sometimes said to be barbed, when
hooked with teeth, as fig. 18. Plate XL

The name of SMART, argent, a cheveron between three pheons sable . Balfour's
MS. as equivocally relative to the name.

The name of MOODIE, azure, a cheveron ermine, between three pheons argent.
Workman's MS.

The M'AuLS, argent, two spur-rowels in chief gules, and a pheon in base azure.
Ibid.

In England the pheon is frequently borne, as by the noble family of SYDNEY
Earl of LEICESTER, or, a pheon azure.

The noble family of EGERTON Earl of BRIDGEWATER, argent, a lion rampant
gules, between three pheons sable.

The nirnc of GRADEN, with us, argent, on a cheveron azure, between three
otters sable, each devouring a fish, proper, as many pheons barbed or; crest, a
de.ru-otter erect sable, devouring a fish; with the motto, Ail escam i3 usum.

There was an old family of this name, designed of that Ilk, in Berwickshire,
ise lands have been possessed by the Homes, and now by the Kers.

There are other military instruments to be met with in armories : I shall here
ie only a few of them, upon the account of the noble families that bear them.

l^:iltr-ij)e, by some called cbwaltrap, by the French cbausse-trape, an instrument
of iron u^ed in war, to gall and wound horse-feet, consisting of four pricks placed
after such a fashion, as which way soever it lie on the ground, one point will always
stick up ; they are to be seen on the compartment of the achievement of the Earls
of Perth ; the Latins call them murices, or tnbulos. Plate Xll. fig. 19.

The name of TRAIJP, in England, argent, three caltraps sable, as relative to the
name.

HUGOT in France, d'or a trots cbausse-trapes d'azur.

Buttering rams are to be found in the arms of BERTIE Earl of LINDSEY, as their
paternal figures, viz. argent, three battering rams bar-ways, proper, armed and gar-
nished azure.

Banners, ensigns, standards, pennons and gonfannons, I have described before with
the shield ; but I speak of them here as armorial figures or charges contained with-
in a shield.

The name of BANNERMAN carried anciently, for an armorial figure, a banner
displayed, as relative to the name ; which was from their office, being heredi-
tary banner-bearers of old to our kings, in the reigns of Malcolm IV. or William
the Lion.

They carried for a long time those of the name of Forbes, with whom they were
nearly allied.

4o6 OF ARTIFICIAL FIGURES IN ARMORIES.

Balfour, in his Manuscript of Blazons, says, that BANNERMAN of Elsick, in the
shire of Kincardine, carried or, on a fesse, between three bears' heads couped azure,
as many mascles of the first. And Pont, in his Manuscript, says, BANNERMAN of
Waterton, in anno 1590, carried azure, on a fess.« or, between three bears' heads
couped of the last, a mascle gules ; which arms alter somewhat from these of the
Forbesses, neither are the bears' heads muzzled, of which before.

These of the name of BANNERMAN have again reassumed their ancient bearing,
as in our New Register. Sir ALEXANDER BANNERMAN of Elsick, gules, a banner
displayed argent, and thereon a canton azure, charged with a St Andrew's cross of
the second, as the badge of Scotland ; crest, a demi-man in armour, holding in his
right hand a sword, proper ; supporters, two armed men, proper: motto, Pro patria.
By the Lyon's patent 1692.

Mr ROBERT BANNERMAN, a younger son of Elsick, gules, a banner displayed
argent, and thereon a canton azure, with a St Andrew'-; cross of the second, within
a bordure argent, charged with four buckles azure, as many holly leaves vert, al-
ternately ; a man issuing out of the wreath in a priest's habit, and praying posture :
motto, Htec pr<sstat militia. See Plate of Achievements.

FARQUHARSON of Invercauld, of whom before, carries in the second and third
quarter of his achievement, on a chief gules, a banner bend-ways or, upon the ac-
count that one of his progenitors carried the Banner of Scotland at the battle of
Pinky-field. '

The gonfannon, which I have described before, is carried as an armorial figure,
or common charge, by many families abroad, upon the account they had been gon-
faloniers, i. e. standard-bearers to the church, as the Counts of AUVERGNE, in
France, or, a gonfannon gules, fringed vert. Plate XI. fig. 20.

Musical instruments, used in war, such as trumpets, drums, &c. are to be found in
arms; for which see Guillim's and Morgan's Heraldry; but I have met with no
such carried by any noble families with us.

There is a figure in the arms of GRANVILLE, in England, and carried by GRAN-
VILLE Earl of BATH, viz. gules, three clarions or. Some take them to represent
musical instruments, called clarions. It is true, in description of tournaments and
joustings, I find knights to have come in with their clarions ; whether these be the
same with them in the arms of Granville, I shall not determine. IVillielmus Imhojf,
in his Blazon of Granville Earl of Bath, says, Tria clara cymbala anrea in scuta
rubeo. Others take them for horsemen's rests, which I cannot well comprehend..
Sandford, in his Genealogical History, page 45, gives us the same arms, which he
blazons, gules, three rests or, borne by ROBERT, surnamed Cane, Earl of GLOUCESTER,
natural son to King Henry I.

Water-bouget, or budget, another old instrument used in armories, frequent with
the English, and to be seen in the bearings of some in Scotland. I have not met
xvith it in the bearings of other countries under such a name or form as the
English give it ; with them the forms are of two sorts, as fig. 21 and 22. Plate XI.

The English disagree about its nature and use ; some take the water-budget to
represent aquafolia, a water plant ; but others take them for vessels made ot" lea-
ther, filled with wind, for to help men to swim over rivers,,(as Morgan) and that
they represent likewise the scrips of religious votaries. But generally, his brethren
heralds in England take water-budgets for vessels of leather, which soldiers used of
old for carrying of water, or other liquors, in long marches where liquors were
scarce: Upon which Mr Gibson latins them, uteres aqxarios, carried in the arms of
;;rnil/ of BOURCHIERS Earls of BATH, in England, descended of the Bourchiers
in Normandy, sometimes Earls of EWE, viz. argent, a cross ingrailed gules, canton-
ed with four water-budgets sable.

The surname of Ross, in England, carried or, three water-budgets sable. The
first of that name (as Dugdale in his Baronage) was one Peter, in the reign of
Henry I. who took his name from the place of his residence called Ross, in the
East-Riding of Yorkshire : Whose great-grandchild, Robert Ross Lord Hamlock,
was sent by King John of England, to King William of Scotland, where it seems
lie was well received ; for, it is said, he married a daughter of that king, who bore
to him William Ross Lord Hamlock, (afterwards one of the competitors with the
Bruce and Baliol for the crown of Scotland) and Robert Ross of Wark, who, with

OF ARTIFICIAL FIGURES IN ARMORIES. 407

ral other Rosses of the family, were frequent in Scotland in the reigns of Alex-
ander II. and Alexander III. Robert de Ross is often to be found a witness in the
charters of King Alexander III. (Had. Coll.): And in Prynne's History of Ed-
ward I. especially in trte Ragman-Roll of the Scots Barons who submitted to Ed-
\\-ird 1. ure to be found Jacobus de Ross, filius Godofrcdi junior, Andreas de Ross
fi/ius Godofrcdi, Willielmus de Ross in Vice-comitatu de Edin, Robert us Ross in l^ice-
comitatu de Air, & Robertus de Ross, miles, Dominus Castri dc IVark ; which our
author, Mr Prynne, adds of the last, " Non obstante fidelitate quam regi Angliie
" juraverat, ad Scotos transfugit."

Of him, it is thought, are descended the Barons of HALK.HEAD, who were emi-
nent in the reign of Robert II. for then it was that Sir John Ross obtained the ba-
rony of Melville, in the sheriiTdom of Edinburgh, by marrying Agnes, daughter
and sole heiress of Sir John Melville of that Ilk, by whom he had Sir John his heir
and successor. He quartered the arms of his mother, being gules, three crescents
within a bordure argent, charged with eight roses of the first, for Melville, with his
paternal arms, viz. or, a cheveron cheque, sable and argent, between three water-
budgets of the second ; the cheveron cheque was not carried to difference from
any other family of the name, but, as I take it, to show they were dependers and
vassals of the High Stewards of Scotland, their superiors and over-lords, as others
were then in use to do.

This family was dignified with the title of Lord Ross by King James IV. in the
person of Sir John Ross of Halkhead, who was slain in the battle of Flodden ;
of whom is descended the present WILLIAM Lord Ross, whose achievement is
quarterly, first and fourth Ross, second and third Melville, supported by two gos-
hawks, proper, armed, jessed, and belled or; crest, a hawk's head erased, proper:
motto, Think on.

There were other families of this name who carried water-budgets, as Ross of
Sanquhar ; which family ended in two daughters, heiresses, the eldest married to
one of the name of Edgar, the other to Crichton, one of the progenitors of the
Earl of Dumfries ; which two families quartered the water-budgets for Ross, with
these of the proper ones of their families, of whom before.

There was a family of the name of Ross in Galloway, in the reign of Robert I.
for that King gives a charter to Hugh de Ross, militi, of half of the lands of Kin-
fauns, with the fishings, lying in the shire of Perth, " In excambium terrarum de
" Genken, infra Gallovidiam, quas idem Hugo habet ratione quondam Walteri de
" Ross militis fratris sui, &• quas idem quondam Walterus de Ross habebat dona-
" tione Edwardi, fratris nostri Regis Hiberniae." (Had. Coll. page 78.) I have
seen a principal discharge of Hugh Ross of Kinfauns, to Robert Murray of Ogil-
vie ,(now Abercairnv) of an agreement betwixt them, of the date the 2d of
June 1387, to which was appended the seal of arms of this Hugh Ross, having a
: cheque between two water-budgets in chief, and a mullet in base, (penes
Abercairny.)

ROSE of Kilravock, in the North, or, a boar's head couped g ules, between three
water-budgets sable; crest, a harp azure: motto, Constant and true, N. R.

This family derives its descent from one Hugh Rose, who got the lands of Kil-
ravock disponed to him by Elizabeth Bisset, in the reign of Alexander III. whose
son, God'fredus de Ross, was sheriff of Inverness in the reign' of Robert the Bruce.
He is mentioned in the old evidents belonging to the priory of Urquhart and
Pluscardine, in the year 131-1, whose grandchild, upon the account his mother
was an heiress of the name of Chisholm, assumed the boar's head, the armorial
figure of that name; for which see Sir George Mackenzie's MS.

FRANCIS ROSE of Auchlossen, descended of Kilravock, as Kilravock, within a
bordure sable, for difference; crest, a water-budget, as the former: motto, Agnoscar
eventit. N. R.

Mr. JOHN ROSE of Inch, Minister of Foveran, descended of a third son of the
House of Kilravock, bears as Kilravock, within a bordure gules, charged with six
mullets or; crest, a rose gules, stalked and barbed vert: motto, Magnes IS animus.
Ibid.

Ross of Craigie, or, a fesse cheque, argent and sable, between three water-budgets
of the last. Balfour's MS.

4o8 OF ARTIFICIAL FIGURES IN ARMORIES.

This family flourished in Perthshire in the reign of King David Bruce ; a
daughter of this family was married to Sir John Drummond of Concraig, Steward

ofStrathern; and Drummond of Balloch married another daughter of

Ross of Craigie, who was mother of John Drummond, first laird of Milnab.

Ross of Henning, in the shire of Ayr, represented by George Ross of Gaston,
or, a cheveron counter-embattled, betwixt three water-budgets sable; crest, a spear
and rose saltier-ways, proper ; motto, Per uspera virtus. N. R.

JAMES Ross of Portivo, descendant of Henuing, or, on a cheveron counter-
embattled, betwixt three water-budgets sable, a thistle slipped of the field, accom-
panied with two cinquefoils ermine; crest, a rose tree bearing roses, proper : motto,
Floret qui laborat. This "gentleman lives in Ireland, having an estate there, and in
Scotland. N. R.

ANDREW Ross of Nuik, descended of the Lord Ross's family, bears the paternal
coat of the Lord Ross, within a bordure invected sable, for his difference. Ibid.

ROBERT Ross of Marchinch, late Provost of Inverness, descended of Kilravock,
bears as Kilravock, within a bordure indented of the second ; crest, a dexter hand
holding a slip of a rose bush, proper : motto, £>uo spinosior fragrantior.

Ross of Clova, as descended of Kilravock, carries as Kilravock, with a suitable
difference.

So much then for the Rosses, who carry the water-budgets, as descended of the
Rosses in England. The Rosses, or Roses, originally of Scotland, as Balnagowan
and his descendants, carry lions, of which before.

The name VALANCE, or de VALENTIA, came from England as the name of Ross
did, and carried azure, three water-budgets or. (B. and P. MSS.) In old evi-
dences they are designed de Vallibus: I cannot say that they are of the same name and
stock with Vas, or Vaus, nor with these named anciently de t^aloniis, who carried
all different arms from one another. Of the Valoniis I have spoke before in the
Title of the Escalop.

Andrew de Vallance was one of the hostages for King David II. and these of
his name carried water-budgets. As,

VALLANCE, or VALANGE, of Tory, married one of the co-heirs of the Lord Loqu-
hoir, and got with her the barony of Inchgald, as in the Genealogical Tree of the
family of Boswell of Balmuto, who married another of the co-heirs of Loquhoir.
Valange of Tory ended in an heiress, who was married to Wardlaw ; he got with
her the lands of Tory, and quartered the arms of Valange, three water-budgets
with their own, of which before.

VALANGE of Lochend, azure, three water-budgets or. P. MS.

ROBERT VALANGE of Possel, descended of a second brother of Valange of Loch-
end, .bears as Lochend, with a crescent for difference ; and, for crest, a rose sur-
mounted of a thistle, proper : motto, In utroque. N. R.

The family of STAIR quarter the arms of Ross with their own, upon the account
they married an heiress of that name ; and the descendants of the family accom-
pany their paternal figure the saltier, with water-budgets, their maternal figures,
by Sir Hugh Dalryrople of North-Berwick, &c. And Mr William Dahymple,
eldest lawful son of Sir John Dalrymple of Cousland, Baronet, eldest son of Sir
James Dalrymple of Killoch, second son of James, first Viscount of Stair, bears,
quarterly, first and fourth or, on a saltier azure, nine lozenges of the first, and in
chief a water-budget sable, for Dalrymple ; second and third sable, a cross flory,
cantoned with four escalops argent, for i letcher of New-Cranston ; crest, a rock,
proper: motto, Firm. N. R.

Mr ROBERT DALRYMPLE, Writer to the Signet, and younger brother to the
above Sir John Dalrymple, carries the paternal coat of his elder brother, with a
suitable difference ; crest and motto the same as above. See Plate of Achieve-
ments.

Many families in England, of different surnames, carry water-budgets, whose
blazons I pass over, and recommend the curious to English heralds ; neither will I
insist here longer on military instruments, since they have no more singular attri-
butes, nor terms in the science, than those already mentioned. Therefore I -shall
proceed to castles, towers, and other buildings, which have some terms in blazon
peculiar to themselves.

OF ARTIFICIAL FIGURES IN ARMORIES. 409

Castles and towers are thus distinguished from one another by Guillim, who
says, that the architecture of a castle must extend itself over all the field, th;r
from the one side of the shield to the other ; but the building of a tower is not so
extended, so that the field appears on every side. This distinction does not hold
in the practice of any nation, nor with that of the English, and is even contrary
to our author's own blazons, especially where there are more castles than one
placed in a shield : Neither do I find any other herald make such a nice distinction
between them, but promiscuously calls castles towers, and towers castles, in their
blazons; but what I observe from the Italian Sylvester Petra Sancta, is, that castles
have triple towers above the embattlcrnent, and a tower lias but one above the
embattlement ; which is more agreeable to the general practice of Europe.

Many castles and towers are, and may be carried in one shield, situate according
to the position of the ordinaries, as in fesse, in bend, in pale &-c. from which situa-
tion, as other figures, they have their blazons.

t'astles» towers, and other buildings, have one peculiar attribute in blazon, which
is, whatever tincture they be of, if the sediment of the building be of another co-
lour from the stones, represented by lines or tracts, then the buildings being argettt,
is said to be masoned of such- a tincture, as. sable, which the Latins call lapidnm
juncture, or lapidum commissura. When the windows and ports of castles, and
other buildings, are of a different tincture from the field and building, the windows
and ports are supposed to be shut, and must be so exprest in the blazon; if the
windows and ports are of the tincture of the field, so that the field is seen through
them, they are then supposed to be open, which is to be expressed in the blazon,
and for which the French say ajoure, as of other figures that are voided of the
field. When the port is after the form of a portcullis, it is so named in the
blazon, and by the French, caulissc, and the Latins call the portcullis, porta ca-
taracta.

When towers are topped' with spears and fans, we name them in the blazon,
for which the French say, girouette, and the Latins say, cum versatile vexillulo. All
which attributes I shall illustrate by a few examples.

The kingdom of CASTILE in Spain, as relative to the name, carries gules, a castle
triple-towered or, masoned sable, windows and ports shut azure ; thus, by Sylvester
Petra Sancta, " Castellum aureum cum ostio ac speculis cyaneis, cum sabulea lapi-
" dum commissura, &- prominentibus in summo ejus fastigio, ternis turriculis,.
" perinde aureis, in parmula purpurata." In that kingdom there are many noble
families that carry castles, as the Albuquerqui, Almazani, Carilli, &-c. in imita-
tion of the sovereign ensign. And ALPHONSUS III. King of Portugal, when he
married a daughter of Alphonsus X. of Castile, in the year 1257,. and got the
country of Algarve, placed round his arms,, a bordure gules, charged with eight
cu.stles or.

The CHASTEUNI, in France, " de gueules, au chateau a deux tours d'or, crenelle,
ma^onne'e de sable, &.. girouette' d'argent ;" as Monsieur Baron, /. e. gules, a castle
with two towers or, embattled and masoned sable, adorned with four fans argent.
Sylvester Petra Sancta makes the castle have three towers, and, for girouette, says,
" Cum versatili pncterea triplici vexillulo argenteolo, est Cljastelainorum in
" Gallia."

The name of OLDCAS TLK, in England, argent, a castle triple-towered table.

The family of TOURS in Auvergne, and LE TOUR in Savoy, have towers in
their arms, as relative to their names.

Towers differ from castles, being smaller, and are not triple-towered as castles ;
they have one or two towers above the embattlement, by tlie French called don-
jonnee: The same may be said of the towers borne by the town of ABERDEEN",
donjonnee de trois pieces, which in our books are blazoned, gules, three towers (not
castles) triple-towered, within a double tressure, flowered and counterflowered
ardent, supported by two leopards, proper ; with the motto, Bon accord.

The double tressure, being a part of the royal arms, was granted as an honour-
able additament for the singular loyalty of the citizens of Aberdeen, who cut off
in one night their old enemies the English, their word being Bon-accord ; which.-
arras are on the face of the town-seal, and on the reverse, in a field azure, a church
argent, masoned sable, St Michael standing iu the porch, miU'id and vested, pro-

4ic OF ARTIFICIAL FIGURES IN ARMORIES.

per, with his right hand lifted up, praying over three children hi a boiling cauldron
of the first, and in his left hand a crosier or, N. R.

EDINBURGH, the metropolitan city of Scotland, besides its other commendable
beauties in buildings, is eminent for its impregnable castle, which is thought to be
elder than the city, anciently called Arx puellarum, the Maiden-Castle, where the
honourable virgins, the daughters of our sovereigns, and these of our nobility, were
kept from the insults of the enemy in time of war. The city has that castle re-
presented for their arms, sometimes black in a white field, and at other times white
in a black field ; but I shall blazon them, as 1 find them most frequently painted,
viz. argent, a castle triple-towered and embattled sable, masoned of the first, and
topped with three fans gules, windows and portcullis shut of the last, situate on a
rock, proper, supported on the dexter by a maid richly attired, with her hair
hanging down over her shoulders, and, on the left, by a stag, or deer, proper: motto,
Nisi Dominus frustra.

There are several families with us, who carry castles and towers, upon the ac-
count, as I suppose, they are the principal seats of their possessions, and as signs of
authority and jurisdiction.

M'LEOD of that Ilk, azure, a castle triple-towered and embattled argent, masoned
sable, windows and port gules.

Some books represent it a tower embattled ; which arms are now used, quar-
terly, by Stewart of Burray, as descended of an heiress of the family, of whom
before, page 52.

. The family of M'NAUGHTAN of that Ilk, in the shire of Argyle, carries a tower
embattled.

This family is acknowledged by the Highlanders to be of the greatest antiquity
of any in those parts : They derive their origin from one Naughtan, an eminent
man in the time of King Malcom IV. who was in great esteem with the head of
the family of Lochovv, to whom he was very assistant in his v/ars with the
M'Dowalls, for which he was rewarded with sundry lands by him. His successors
were denominated M'Naughtan, that is, the children or descendants of Naughtan.

Duncan M'Naughtan was a brave and warlike man -under King Robert Bruce,
and was very assistant to him in reducing the rebellious Lords of Lorn, who sided
with the Baliol and the English, as says Mr Barbour in his History of that King.
The family continued in good esteem, and was allied with the most of the ancient
families in the West-Highlands, besides others elsewhere, particularly with the
Stewarts, Menzies's, Campbells of Glenorchy and Ardkinlass, the M'Leods, &-c.
A younger son of this family, Donald M'Naughtan, being a churchman, for his
learning, was by King James II. raised to the Episcopal See of Dunkeld, where he
exercised his episcopal function to his death, as in Spottiswood's History of the
Church of Scotland.

Those of the family were always very loyal, and upon the side of the crown,
both anciently and of late. Being indifferently rewarded, the family is low, and
now represented by JOHN M'NAUGHTAN, a son of the family, who carries as his
predecessors, quarterly, first and fourth argent, a hand fesse-ways, proper, holding
a cross croslet fitched azure, (a figure carried almost by all the ancient families in
the Highlands, as I have observed before) second and third argent, a tower em-
battled gules, and another for crest; with the motto, I hope in God; and supported
by two roebucks, which, as I am informed, is to be seen cut on a stone in the
House of M'Naughtan.

With us there are other considerable families, who carry castles, towers, and
such buildings, not only as their proper paternal figures, but as additional to their
paternal bearings, by way of augmentation, upon the account of their titles of
dignities, as in the arms of LESLIE Lord LINDORES, and LESLIE Lord NEWARK.

PATRICK. LESLIE, son of Andrew Earl of Rothes, was a great favourite of King
James IV. of Scotland, a gentleman of the bed-chamber, and one of the Judges of
the Session, who, by the bounty of his royal master, got the abbacy of Lindores
erected into a temporal lordship, to himself and the heirs-male of his body, in the
year 1600; about which time, as an augmentation, he placed over the quartered
arms of the Earl of Rothes, his father, an escutcheon gules, charged with a casile
argent, masoned sable, to represent the abbacy of Lindores, from which he had his

OF ARTIFICIAL FIGURES IN ARMORIES. 4u

title of honour: And which amis were adorned with a crest, being a demi-angcl,
proper, with wings displayed or, holding in his dexter hand a grillin's head erased,
proper, beaked 01 ; supporters, two griffins argent, winged or, and membred gules:
motto, Stat promissa fides.

Lord Patrick was succeeded in his estate and honours by his son John Lord Lin-
dores, father of David Lord Lindores, who died without issue.

Sir David Leslie, a younger son of Patrick Leslie, the first Lord Lindores, by the
Lady Jean Stewart his wife, daughter of Robert Earl of Orkney, one of the
natural sons of King James V. being .militarily inclined, went early abroad,
and served in Gustavus King of Sweden his army, where, by his valour and con-
duct, he was raised to the high post of a major-general, where he continued in
great renown until the breaking out of the Civil Wars in Britain, in the reign of
King Charles I. that the Parliament of Scotland having raised an army in defence
of their liberties, and the king's person, as they pretended, made him lieutenant-
general of their army. King Charles II. had so great an esteem of the general's
sulh'ciency and abilities in military affairs, that he made choice of him to command
immediately under himself, at the fatal battle of Worcester, where his Majesty
made a narrow escape, and the lieutenant-general was taken prisoner, and sent to
the Tower of London, where he underwent the same hardships and severities which
the most loyal of his countrymen suffered till the King's Restoration : Upon
which, his Majesty, being fully satisfied with the merit and loyalty of the general,
created him a peer of Scotland, by the title of Lord Newark, 3ist of August 1660,
by patent to him and the heirs-male of his body ; and his Majesty settled upon
him, during his life, a pension of 500!. Sterling. He carried the above quartered
arms of his brother Lindores, with a crescent for difference.

He married Jean, daughter of Sir John York, knight, by whom he had a son,
David, his successor, also three daughters. Upon account that the honours of Lord
Newark were limited to the heirs-male of his body, he again made an entail and re-
signation of his estate in his Majesty's hands in favours of his son David the master,
and the heirs-male of his body; which failing, to the master's eldest daughter, Mrs
Jean Leslie, and the heirs whatsomever of her body, which his Majesty was pleased
to accept of and grant.

David, second Lord Newark, succeeded his father: He married Elizabeth, daugh-
ter of Sir Thomas Stewart of Grandtully, by whom he had five daughters; Mrs Jean,
the eldest, his successor. He died on the igth of May 1694, without male-issue,
whereby the estate and title of honours came to his eldest daughter, according to
the conception of her grandfather's entail, and the king's charter, upon the resigna-
tion abovementioned.

Which Jean, Baroness of Newark, is also heir to her cousin, the late David Lord
Lindores, who died without any issue, and from him has a disposition of his estate
and honours ; but the last being limited to his heirs-male, may come to fall. She
married Sir Alexander Anstruther, a son of Sir Philip Anstruther of that Ilk, an an-
cient and knightly family in the county of Fife, who brought with him a consider-
able advantage to the family of Newark, and has issue with her: Their eldest son
is William, master of Newark, who is obliged to take upon him the name and
arms of the family of Newark, and to marshal them with the paternal coat of An-
struther. .

M'CAIUN of Knockdollian, azure, on a rock, proper, a castle argent. Mackenzie's
Heraldry.

M'C.M.Lot v of Rossie, azure, a castle argent. Font's Manuscript.

KINC.VID of that Ilk, gaits, a fesse ermine, between two mullets in chief or, and a
castie in base. Ibid.

It seems the castle represents that of Edinburgh, for these of the family were a
long time constables thereof.

I find in an old birth-brieve, signed by several honourable persons, in favours of
Mr Andrew Montcith; ir is wrote thus, That he was the son of Alexander Mon-
teith of Collochburn, and his wife Janet Kincaid, lawful daughter to David Kin-
caid, lineally and lawfully descended of the House of the Laird of Kincaid in
Stirlingshire, chief of the name, whose predecessor, for his valiant service, in re-
covering of the custle of Edinburgh from the English, in the time of King Ed-

4i2 OF ARTIFICIAL FIGURES IN ARMORIES.

ward I. was made constable of the said castle, and his posterity enjoyed that office
. tor many years, carrying the castle in their arms, in memory thereof, to this day.

There is an old broad-sword, belonging to some of the families of the name of
Kincaid, upon which were the above arms, with the castle, with these words,

Wha will persew, I will defend

My life and honour to the end. 1S5Z-

Which is in the custody of Mr THOMAS KINCAID, eldest lawful son of Thomas
Kincaid, chirurgeon-apothecary in Edinburgh, descended of the family of Kincaid
of that Ilk, gules, on a fesse ermine, between two mullets in chief, and a castle
triple-towered in base argent, masoned sable, a lozenge of the first; crest, a dexter
hand holding a chirurgeou's instrument, called a bisteri, proper: motto, Incidendo
sano. Lyon Register.

CHARLES BRAGCE of Nether- Auquhask, sable, two bar singrailed, between as many-
towers triple-towered in chief argent, and three crescents in base or : motto, Fidelis
y constant. Ibid.

Colonel BRAGGE, as in Font's Manuscript, carried the same,, supported on the
dexter with a man in armour, and on the sinister with a horse saddled and
bridled, all proper; and for crest, a hand holding a sword; with the motto, Honor at
mors. Ibid.

RENTON of that Ilk, azure , a cheveron or, between three towers argent. Font's
Manuscript.

Churches, bridges, and other pieces of architecture are used in arms. There are
three considerable families in Piedmont, of the name of CHIESA, which signifies a
church in that country, that carry churches, relative to their names, as do some
families with us.

The name of TFMPLETON, azure, a fesse or, and in base, a church or temple
argent.

ARTHUR TEMPLE of Revelrig, azure, a temple or; crest, a pillar wreathed about
with woodbine, proper: motto, Stante virebo. L. R.

The family of PONTEVEZ, in Provence, gules, a bridge with two arches or, mason-
ed sable.

Many other families in France, and in other countries, carry bridges, relative to
their names.

In England the name of TROWBRIDGE, in allusion to the name, quasi Through-
bridge, argent, a bridge of three arches in fesse gules, masoned sable, the streams
transfluent, proper.

Mr ALEXANDER BRIDGE, Portioner of Kingsbarns, gules, a bridge of one arch
argent, masoned sable, with streams transfluent, proper. L. R.

The name of ARCHES, in England, gules, three arch.es argent, masoned sable, 2
and i.

The COLONNI, in Italy, as relative to their names, gules, a pillar argent, ensigned
with a crown or.

There is a piece of building called pignon; by the Latins, fastigium, the pinnacle
or top of a building, as in the arms of JACQUES QUINSON, sometime Secretary of
Ureni of Anjou, given us by Daniel Feuele, in his Piece of Heraldry, viz.. or, a
pignon azure, of three degrees, on each a bird affronts sable. This figure is like
the gavel of a house with gorbel steps : And pignon e is a term of blazon used by
the French, when a figure like a pair of stairs, or scale of music pyramidically ; as
the cheveron in the arms of STAINKIRKER in Bavaria, viz. sable, a cheveron pignonc
or. We would call it a cheveron embattled.

Workman, in his Illuminated Book of Arms, gives such a cheveron to the name
of EUENE, argent, a cheveron pignone azure, (for which our heralds say embattled_)
and ensigned on the top with a banner gules, between two stars in chief, and a
soleil of the last in base. And the same are carried by JOHN EWEN, Writer to the
Signet, as in Plate of Achievements.

In the Lyon Register, THOMAS EDWARD, or UDWARD, of Longcroft, (I do not
think that these are one name, for I take Uthward from an office of old) azure,

OF ARTIFICIAL FIGURES IN ARMORIi.-

.'.rmounted of a pillar gules, issuing out of t'ne base -.vuvy azure ;
-i, a torrcuux, proper: motto, Ncc Jfatu, necjtuctu. Nev. or.

Portcullis, latitied port a cataraeta, or rostrum milittire, was the hereditary bad
or cognizance, of the suns of JOHN of GAUNT Duke of LANCASTER, upon the account
that they were born in the castle of Beaufort in France. -

WINDYGATE of that Ilk, a family sometime with us, bears argent, a portcullis
sable, as in Workman's \hrui ;cript; but in Pont's Manuscript, gules, a portculii-1
i//.

The name of YEFTS, of which there was a family in Teviotdale, of Yetton oi
old, bears or, a t'ose embattled, being three portcullises gules.

The name of YATKS, in England, carry gates, in allusion to the name.

EDWARD YATKS of Buckland, parted per fesse crenelle, argent and sable, three
field-gates counter-changed ; for which see Morgan's Heraldry.

But to proceed to ships and their parts, which are frequently carried for the
arms of maritime countries and towns, and by families upon the account of their
situation, and trading by sea, or for the services they were obliged to perform t >
their kings, by the ivddendos of their charters. I have seen several charters with
their reddendos, bearing, Unam navetn viginti remorum, si petatitr tempore belli.

The arms of the country of ORKNEY are azure, a ship with its sails furled up,
and oars cross the mast or, carried by the old Earls of Orkney, as feudal arms.
And since, Torphin Earl of Orkney, who married a natural daughter of King
William; she bore to him John I'.arl of Orkney and 'Zetland: Upon which ac-
count I think the double tressure has been placed round the ship, as an addita-
ment of honour, as Alexander Ross, in his Annals, tells us, who says he has seen
the seal of this Earl John, with the ship and the double tressure upon it; which
arms have been transmitted to the families which have been dignified with the
title of Earl of Orkney.

The Earls of CAITHNESS, the Lords of ARRAN, and Lords of LORN, have carried
ships for these countries; of which before.

1 shall here mention some of the name of CAMPBELL, as also the M'DowAtLS,
(or M'DoucALL, or M'CouL) ancient Lords of LORN, carried the lymphad, which is
an old-fashioned ship, with one mast and oars, as by our paintings in the arms of
CAMPBELLS, STEWARTS, and M'DowALLS, Lords of LORN, and their descendants. Of
the last I am of opinion are descended the M'Dougals of Mackerston, though for
present they carry only the lion : For,

Colonel ALEXANDER M'DowALL, Baron of Lodvica in Swedland, a son of Mac-
kerston, carries, quarterly, first azure, a lion rampant argent, crowned or', secdnd
,r,'an arm in armour argent, holding a cross croslet fitched azure', third or, n
lymphad sable; fourth or, a rock sable in base, and in. chief, two salmons naiant
in fesse, proper; and over all, by way of surtput, an escutcheon as the first quarter,
ensigned with a ducal crown. The shield of arms is timbred after the German
fashion, with three crests, that in the middle a ducal coronet, and upon it a dove,
all proper, between two helmets affront e, adorned with mantlings of the tinctures
of the arms, and ensigned with ducal coronets in place of wreaths: Out of that on
the right issueth a lion argent, crowned or; and, from that on the left, an arm in
armour holding a cross croslet fitched, as before; and above all, on an escrol, for
motto, Fear God. For which see Plate of Achievements, taken from those arms
finely illuminated in the middle of his patent of nobility, granted by King
Charles XI. of Sweden, to Colonel Gustavus M'Dowall, Baron of Lodvica, in the
year 1674, father of the above Colonel Alexander, in whose hands I have seen the
patent, as also a genealogical tree of the family; where those arms are illuminated
as above, with the arms of Swedish and Scottish families, with whom they have
matched, as proofs of their noble descents, paternal and maternal.

Which Gustavus M'Dowall was son and successor of Colonel James M'Dowall
and his lady, Anna, daughter of George Vanderberg of Saggadt in Eastland ;
which James was son and heir of Robert M'Dowall, who went from Scotland to
Sweden in the year 1594, and settled there, having married a daughter of Vou
Breda of Kremnand: He, to show his noble descent from Scotland, obtains a birth-
bneve, or certificate, of his paternal and maternal descents, upon the declarations
of several persons of good quality, before the magistrates of Edinburgh, ad March

5 M

414 OF ARTIFICIAL FIGURES IN ARMORIES.

1656, which stands there recorded, That he was the son of Patrick' M'Dougall of
Mackerston, and his lady, Margaret Nisbet, a daughter of Nisbet of that Ilk ; and
that his grandfather was Thomas M'Dougall of Mackerston, and his lady, Elizabeth,
a daughter of William Ker of Cessford, predecessor to the Duke of Roxburgh ; and
so forth, as in the birth-brief.

Sir DUNCAN CAMPBELL of Lochnell, Baronet, the direct .heir, by male-line, of the
Honourable John Campbell, first of Lochnell, second son of Colin Earl of Argyle,
and Lady Janet Gordon, daughter of Alexander Earl of Huntly, carries, quarterly,
first giron/ie of eight pieces, or and sable, for Campbell ; second azure, a boar',;
head couped or, for Gordon; third argent, a lymphad sable, for Lorn; and the
fourth as the first; crest, a right hand holding a horseman's lance bend-ways:
motto, Anna paratafeto. The family was in use, as I am certainly informed, to
adorn their arms with supporters, by a lion gardant gules, on the right side; and
on the left, by a swan, proper, as relative to their barony Lochnell, /. e. the Swan's
Loch. Plate of Achievements. . .

ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL of Auchtenny, brother-german to the above Sir Duncan,
carries as his brother, with a crescent in the centre, for his difference, and crest
the same; with the motto, Audacesjuvo. As in Plate of Achievements.

Mr ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL, Writer to the Signet, grandson of Captain John
Campbell, a younger son of Sir John Campbell of Calder, carries four coats, quar-
terly, first or, a hart's head cabossed sable, attired gules, for Calder of that Ilk ;
second gironne of eight pieces, or and sable, for Campbell ; third argent, a galley
with her oars in action sable, for Lorn ; fourth or, on a fesse azure, three buckles
of the first, all within a bordure ingrailed^z//^; crest, a swan, proper, crowned or:
motto, Be ever mindful. L. R. and Plate of Achievements. And there,

COLIN CAMPBELL, Esq. a younger brother of the above Mr Archibald, carries as
he, but for his difference charges the bordure with eight crescents argent; crest, a
swan crowned, proper, and above, on an escrol, the word Memento; and below the
shield, Dens dabit vela, as relative to the galley.

ROBERT CAMPBELL, Merchant in Stockholm, son by a third marriage of Walter
Campbell of Skipnish, and his wife Anne Stewart, father's sister to the deceased
James Earl of Bute, carries the paternal coat of Campbell, within a bordure cheque \
argent and azure, for Stewart of Bute, and charged with eight crescents argent, for
his difference ; crest, a dove with an olive branch in his bill, proper : motto,
Gaudium adfero. See Plate of Achievements.

The LORDS of the ISLES carried for arms, or, an eagle displayed gules, surmounted
with a galley sable. The eldest sons of the kings of Scotland, says Workman,
quartered the same with the arms of Scotland; but I have not met with them so
but in his book.

The M'DONALUS, M'LEANS, and M'NEILS, in one of the quarters of their arms,
have a galley, or lymphad, with her sails furled up, and oars erect in saltier. The
M'Pherson's have the like.

The ship, or lymphad, is the armorial figure of the M'PHERSONS, and the cat
their crest, the badge of the CATTI, of which before, page 254, who have been con-
sidered as the stock of the Clanchattan in the Highlands by several writers,
though there be other families in the kingdom, for quality, far more considerable,
as the noble families of the Keiths and Sutherlands : All which are said to be ori-
ginally from the Catti in Germany, who were forced by Tiberius Ceesar to leave
their own country, and seek for another. Who having embarked for Britain,
were driven by stress of \veather to the north of Scotland, where they landed in a
country called after them Caithness, that is, the Catti's Corner: Afterwards they
spread southwards to the country now called Sutherland, to which they gave the
name Cattow, from their own, and the inhabitants were called South Catti, as Mr
Blaeu the geographer, page 128, says, " Provincia hax olim proprio Cattei vocata
' est, incolae Catteigh : Sutherlandia vox recentior est." But more of this by Mi-
Brand in his Description of Caithness.

The CHATTI, or CLANCHATTAN, continued several ages in both these countries;
some of them joined with the Picts, and some with the Scots, of whom were the
progenitors of the Keiths and Sutherlands. The others, after the decisive battle
given to the Picts, by Kenneth II. King of Scots, were forced to leave their coun-

OF ARTIFICIAL FIGURES IN ARMORIES. 415

try Caithness; but, by mediation of their friends, got liberty to settle themselves
in Loch. y continued a long time, being called the Clanchattan

by a iiiun:.-.- upt of nu- t.ii'.nly, from the tradition of the Highland siMiacliie', and
ba-'ds: VVii.ch likewise tell us, that in the reign of Malcom IV. one Muriach, who
was par-;on '-.irk of Kinguissie in Badciioch, after tlie death of his elder

brother, head of the clan, dying without issue -male, was called by the whole clan
and t,i:nily to be their head: He married a daughter of the Thane of Calder, and

>ns, Gillicattan, his eldest, ami Kuen Bane, the second:

(iil ucceedcd his father, and had a .son called Dougal Dawel, who had but

r, married to M'lnto.sii, head of his clan, who got with b4)~ several

lands in Locnaber, a.r.l a c 1 of part of the people, for whk'h he was called

Captain of the danchattan: But Ewen Bane, second son of Muriach, after the

death of h'j elder brother and his son, was owned as chief of the family by the

LC had three sons; Kenneth. John, and Gillies.

From Kenneth, the eldest, is come the family of Clunie, whicli was then and
since known by the name of M'Ewen. Of John is come the family of Pitmean;
and of Tillies, the third son, is come the family of Invereshie. •

After M'latosh had married the heiress, as above, and gotten possession of the
estate, Clanie's predecessors, and others of the Clanchatran, left Lochaber, and got
lands in Badciioch, lor their special services to King Robert the Bruce; and, for
killing Cumin Lord of Badenoch, they had these lands confirmed to them by King
David II. They were then called Clan-Muriach, from their chief Muriach, and
sometimes Clan-Pherson, from his ecclesiastical office, as parson of Kinguisse, from
which the surname of M'Pherson. For more of the Clanchattan, see the great
Historical, Geographical, and Genealogical Dictionary, second edition, second vo-
lume, by Jeremy Collier.

M'PHERSON of Clunie, chief of the name, carries parted per fesse, or and
azure, a lymphad, or galley, with her sails trussed up, her oars in action of the
first, in the dexter chief point a hand couped grasping a dagger, point upwards,
gules, (for killing the Cumin) and in the sinister chief point a cross croslet fitched
of the last; crest, a cat seiant, proper: motto, Touch not the cat, but the glove.
I,. R.

The family has been in use to have their arms supported with two Highland-
men, with steel helmets on their heads, and cut out short doublets azure, thighs
bare, their shirt tied between them, and round targets on their arms, being the
dress wherein those of this clan were wont to fight in many battles for the crown,
vbeing always loyal.

M-PHER.SON of Pitmean, (as in the Lyon Register) descended of a second son of
Clunie, carries parted per fesse invected, or and azure \ a lymphad, or galley, with
her sails furled up, oars in action; in the dexter chief point a hand couped fesse-
s, holding a dagger pale-ways, and in the sinister chief point a cross croslet
fitched, all gules; crest, a cat seiant, proper: motto, Touch not the cat, but a glove.
And in the same Register,

M'PHERSON of Invereshie, descended of a third son of Clunie, carries as Clunie,
v.'ithin a bordure g tiles ; crest and motto the same: Of late represented by Sir

;eas M'Pherson, advocate, a man of bright parts, and a favourite of K
James VII. He has issue a son named James, and a daughter, married to Sir John
M'Lean of that Ilk, baronet, father and mother of the present

Sir HECTOR M'LEAN, chief of the M'Leans, an ancient, loyal, potent clan, in
the Highlands of Scotland, of which there have been very brave men. The
acliievement of the family of M'Lean, as illuminated in the Book of James Esplin,
:chmont Herald, 1630, has four coats, quarterly, first argent, a rock gules; se-
cond argent, a dexter hand fesse-wavs couped gules, holding a cross croslet fitched
in pale azure; third or, a lymphad snble; fourth argent, a salmon naiant, proper,
and in chief, two eagles' heads erased nffronte gules; crest, a tower embattled
argent: motto, Virtue mine honour. Which achievement is represented standing
on a compartment, representing green land and sea. Out of the last issueth two
selchs, proper, for supporters.

In the same book are illuminated the arms of M'NniL, designed of that Ilk, or
Bara, another ancient Highland family ; being also quarterly, and almost the same

OF ARTIFICIAL THINGS.

vith the former, except the first quarter, viz. azure, a lion rampant argent*? second
or, a right hand fesse-ways couped gules, holding a cross croslet filched azure in
paic; third or, a,lymphad sable; fourth parted per fesse, argent and azure, to re-
present the sea, out of which issueth a rock gules; crest, a rock g ules ; supporters,
two fishes like salmons. As in Esplin's Book of Blazons.

LAUCHLAN M'NiiiL of Fearfergus, descended of the family of M'Neil of Geigh,
bears three coats, quarterly, first azure, a lion rampant argent; second argent, a
sinister hand couped fesse-ways in chief, and in base waved azure, a salmon na'uini
of the first; third or, a galley, her oars crossing other gules; and on a chief of the
last, thr<£ mullets of the first. Lyon Register. And there,

ARCHIBALD M'LAUCHLAN of that Ilk, bears four coats, quarterly, first or, a lion
rampunt g ules ; second argent, a dexter hand couped fesse-ways, holding a cross-
pattee pale -ways gules; third or, a galley, her oars in saltier sable, placed in the
sea, proper; fourth argent, in the base unde vert, a salmon naiunt, proper; sup-
porters, two roebucks, proper: motto, Fortis & fidus.

The name of GILLKSPINK, or GILLESPIE, as descended of the Clanchattan, carries
the same with M'Pherson, as in Workman's MS.

The name of BAD, quarterly, first and fourth azure, a galley argent; second and
third or, a crescent sable. P. MS.

The name of CRAIK, azure, a ship or, under sails argent. P. MS.

JAMESON, azure, a saltier or, cantoned with four ships under sail argent. P. MS.

The name, of GELLY, argent, an ark in the waters, proper, surmounted of a dove
azure, bearing in her beak an olive branch vert; crest, a man trampling on a ser-
pent, proper : motto, Divino robore. By Alexander Gelly o'f Blackford. N. R.

DAVID GILLIES, alias M'PHERSON, descended of the family of M'Pherson of Inve-
reshie, parted per fesse ingrailed, or and azure, a lymphad, or galley, of the first,
betwixt a hand couped fesse-ways, holding a dagger in pale, and in the sinister
canton a cross croslet fitched, all within a bordure gules ; crest, a cat courant,
proper: motto, Touch not the cat, but a glove. L. R.

The town of LEITH, the suburb and seaport of Edinburgh, has for arms a ship,
as on the seal of the town of Edinburgh, which I have seen affixed to charters and
other deeds relating to Leith. On the seal is a shield, with the castle of Edin-
burgh, accollt, with another of the arms of Leith, having a ship with her saiU1
trussed up, and the legend round both shields, Sigill. Burgi de Edinburgh, fc? villa
sute de Leith.

NANTZ and ROCHELLE, maritime towns in France, carry ships for their armorial
figures.

The arms of the city of PARIS, in Fr-ance, are gules, a ship equipt in full sail
argent, a chief cousu azure, seme of flower-de-luces or. Some allege that it carries
a ship, because the Argonauts founded that city ; but others, as Menestrier, tell us,
it carries the ship, because the isle, or land upon which the city is built, by its
form,. represents a ship.

The furniture of ships are also used in arms, especially the anchor, sails, and
rudders.

The dame of FAIRHOLM, with us, as equivocally relative to the name, carries or,
an anchor gules.

CHAP. IX.

t>l- ARTIFICIAL THINGS OR CHARGES, AS THEY RELATE TO CIVIL LIFE, IN TEMPORAL

AND ECCLESIASTIC AFFAIRS.

I AM not here to speak of them as marks of sovereignties, high offices, and the
several degrees of high nobility, till I come to treat of the exterior ornaments
which adorn the outer parts of the shield. But here I am to consider them as ar-
morial figures within the shield, which form and constitute arms, as tesseras of
descent, and ensigns of dominions, territories, and offices; to distinguish one king-
dom from another, one society from another, and one family from another; and
of them as honourable additaments to their paternal bearings. Of these, both

OF ARTIFICIAL THINGS. 417

temporal and ecclesiastical, I shall mention here, and exemplify by armorial bear-
ings; such a-, crrruun.f, ancient and modern, the imperial morid, or globe, sceptres,
bu;;'iiu\ the tinbiepiscopnl-pall, mitres, crosiers, crosses, and keys.

In this consideration, they have no more eminency than the former figures we have
been treating about. And first, crowns within the shield, are no more marks of
sovereignty and dignity, than lions, horses, mullets, or buckles, or other armorial
figui

The old Lords and Earls of GARIOCH carried, for arms, or, a fe^se cheque, azure
and urgent, between three antique crowns, (z. e. open ones with points) gules.

DAVID Earl of HUNTINGDON, younger son of Prince Henry, eldest son of Kins
David 1. was, by his, brother King Malcom IV. honoured with the title of Earl oi
Ganoch, which afterwards he resigned in the hands of his brother King William,
for the earldom of Angus, which earldom he did not keep long.

Henry de Brecbin, so designed from the place of his birth, natural son of King
William, wa>, by King Alexander II. made Earl of Garioch, and was succeeded
in that dignity by his son Walden, who died at Dunfermline without issue ; as
the chartulary of that abbacy says, " Waldenus Comes de Garrioch, juvenis egre-
" gius obiit sine prole, &• omnia sua bona devenerunt ad Alexandrum consangui-
" neum suum."

Alexander III. bestowed Garioch on William Cumin, as also the earldom
ofMarr; and after the forfeiture of the Cumins, these earldoms returned to the
crown.

King Robert the Bruce reponed Gratney Mar, whose daughter, Isabel, he had
married,, unto the earldom of Marr, and gave him the lordship of Garioch, with its
regality; after this, Garioch is always called a lordship.

I have not met with the arms of Garioch carried by any of the abovementioned
carl-, and lords, till ALEXANDER STEWART, natural son of Alexander Stewart of
Badenoch, Larl of Buchan, fourth son of King Robert II. who married Lady Isa-
bel Douglas, Countess and heiress ofMarr; in her right he was Earl of Marr and
Lord Garioch, who carried, quarterly, first and fourth Garioch, or, a fesse cheque,
azure and argent, between three ducal crowns gules; second and third Marr,
azure, a bend 'betwixt six cross croslets fitched or. He died without issue,
anno 1436.

The earldom afterwards fell into the king's hands, and King James II. bestowed
the earldom of Marr, and lordship of Garrioch, upon his younger son John Earl of
Marr, who cunu-d the arms of these dignities, as I just now blazoned.

The armc-rial figures of the kingdom of SWEDEN are three antique crowns of
gold, in a field azure. It is generally told, that these three crowns were assumed
to show the ancient alliance and union of three kingdoms, Sweden, Denmark, and
Norway.

The city of COLOGNE carries argent, on a chief gules, three crowns or; upon ac-
count, they say, that the bodies of the three kings, or wise men, that came from
the East, to adore our Saviour at his birth, are interred there.

The country of MURCIA, in Spain, azure, six ducal crowns or, 3, 2 and i. They
arc said to be carried to represent and perpetuate as many victories obtained in
that country by the Christians over the Moors.

Mencstrier tells us, that crowns, as armorial figures or charges in a shield, are not
then to be taken for marks of dignity, but as rewards of valour and good counsel,
with which great men were anciently honoured ; and with these their armorial
figures were adorned, as the Douglasses ensign the heart on their arms, and others
crown their lions, as the M'Dowalls, of whom before.

I shall here add the blazon of another gentleman of that name, viz.

M'DOWALL, in the Island of St Christophers, brother-german to Garthland, who
carries the same arms as his brother, with a suitable difference.

The name of GRANT carries gules, three antique crowns or.

One Vanbassan, a Dane, by his MS. in the Lawyers' Library, brings the first of
this name from Norway to Scotland; and Sir George Mackenzie, by his MS.
brings them from England, upon Hollinshed's mentioning one of the name of
GRANT of old, a repairer of the University of Cambridge. There are yet of that
name in England, but by their arms they appear not to be the same stock of

5 N

4 . •> o I ARTIFICIAL THINGS.

peolpe with the Grants in Scotland; for they carry argent, three lions ramp.,
and a chief azure. Art. Her.

Others are of the opinion, that the Grants are of the same stock of people with
the BIZAR;S, ox BISSETS, of Lovat, who carried also crowns for their armorial
figures; and by an evident granted by Bisset of Lovat to the Bishop of Murray,
1258, in which is mentioned Dominus Laurentius Grant, and Robertas Grant, friends
to the same Bisset. However, the family of Grant is both ancient and powerful.

In anno 1380, Dominus Laurentius Grant is sheriff of Inverness, and Michael
Grant is one of the barons who attended Marr Earl of Mar'r, while the king's lieu-
tenant in. the North.

The principal family of the name is Grant of that Ilk, sometimes designed of
Freuchie.

John Grant of Freuchie obtains a charter of confirmation of that barony from
King James IV. holding it of his Majesty for military services, as by the charter in
the Earl of Haddington's Collections, page 581, by which it is evident he was the
head of a potent clan, and following, by the reddendo of the charter, viz. Unam
lam sujfultam, which is explained by the following words of the charter, viz.
" Tres sutiicientes equestres pro quibusdam decem libratis terrarum baronise prae-
" dicta?, tempore guerrae, extra~ regnum, una cum omnibus defensalibus personis,
" dictas terras &• baroniam inhabitantibus, ad nostrum &• successorum nostrorum
" manclatum, tempore convocations ligiorum nostrorum, infra praefatum nostrum
" regnum."

From this John is lineally descended the present GRANT of Freuchie,

oc of that Ilk, whose achievement is gules, three antique crowns or; crest, a burn-
ing hill, proper; supporters, two savages, (or naked men) proper: motto, Stand
sure. N. R.

JOHN GRANT of Ballendallach, descended of the family of Grant, carries gules, a
boar's head couped, between three antique crowns or; crest, an oak tree growing
out of the wreath, proper: motto, Suo se robore firmat. Ibid.

Sir FRANCIS GRANT of Cullen, Baronet, one of the Senators of the College of
Justice, carries gules, three antique crowns or, as descended from Grant of that ilk,
within a bordure ermine, in quality of a judge; supported with two angels, proper;
crest, a book expanded; motto, on an escrol above, Sttum cuique; and on a com-
partment below, yebo-o'ab-jireb, as by a special warrant under his majesty's hand,
the i yth day of May 1720.

JOHN GRANT of Corimony, descended of the family of Grant, bears as Grant,
within a bordure cheque, or arid gules; crest, a derrri-savage, proper: motto, Pll
stand sure. N. R.

JOHN GRANT of Darlway descended of Ballendallach, carries Ballendallach's
arms, within a bordure or; crest, a dexter hand holding a branch of oak, proper:
motto, Radicem firmant frondes. Ibid.

GRANT of Gartenbeg, descended of Grant of that Ilk, carries Grant, within a
bordure ingrailed or; crest, the trunk of an oak tree sprouting out some leaves,
with the sun shining thereon, all proper : motto, Tefavente virebo. Ibid.

JOHN GRANT of Carron, descended of Freuchie, gules, a dove argent, holding in
her beak a'n olive branch vert, betwixt three antique crowns or; and, for crest, an
adder nuved, with her head erect, proper: motto, Wise and harmless. Ibid.

JAMES GRANT of Auchernick, descended of the family of Grant, gules, a star
betwixt three antique crowns or; crest, a burning hill, proper: motto, Stand sure.
Ibid.

The ensign of the EPISCOPAL SEE of ELY, in England, gules, three ducal crowns,
2 and i or ; and that of the SEE of BRISTOL, three ducal crowns in pale or.

Tlie imperial mond, or g lobe, though an ensign of sovereignty, as well as the im-
perial crown, is carried as an armorial distinguishing figure by LAMONT, or LAMOND,
of that Ilk, as relative to the name, being of old in a field azure: But more fre-
quently the family has been in use to carry a white lion rampant (in place of the
mond) in a field azure; crest, a hand couped at the wrist, proper: motto, Ne per e as
nee spernas. (New Register.) Though this family is said to be of old with us,
and originally from Ireland.

OF ARTIFICIAL THINGS. 419

BOURDON 01' Fcc'ulel, in Perthshire, as descended of Lament, azure, a mond or,
crossed gules, between two bourden-btaves (/. c. battle-axes) pale-ways, proper;
and for crest, a lion rampant ardent, liolcting a battle-axe, proper.

By a letter under the subscription of Lament of that Ilk, of the date the 4th of
November 1699, given in to die Herald-Office by James Bourdon of Feddel, as
descended of ;i younger son of Lainont, in the reign of King Robert III. His arms,
as before blazoned, are matriculated.

The name of Bourdon is much older than the reign of Robert HI. for I find
ll'i/li/ifti cle Bourdon a witness in a charter of King Alexander III. to Hugh Aber-
nethy, and in several other charters as old. But whether the Bourdons I am
speaking of be of those old Baurdons I know not.

There arc of this name also in England, who carry hautboys, or flutes, for their
armorial figures, as in Guillim and Morgan's Heraldry.

As for sceptres and batons, carried in a shield of arms, I shall add these examples,
viz.

The KEITHS Earls of KINTORE, carry in one quarter cf their urms, two sceptres
in saltier, as a coat of augmentation, of which before, page 73.

Sir JOHN AYTON of Kippo, Gentleman-Usher of the Black Rod in England,
added to his arms, by allowance, the badge of his office, being a black batton, en-
signed on the top with one of the Lions of England, of which before, page 123.

Sir THOMAS BRAND, Gentleman-Usher of the Green Rod, of the most ancient
Order of the Thistle, or St Andrew in Scptland, Gentleman-Usher daily Waiter to
his Majesty, by patent, carries, quarterly, first and fourth azure, two battons (or
rods) or, unsigned on the top with the Unicorn of Scotland, as the badge of his
c ; second and third or, on a bend sable, three mascles argent, and a chief azure,
charged with as many stars of the third, for his paternal coat; and over all, by
way of an escutcheon, gironne of eighf, ermine and gules, within a bordure in-
.led of the last, for Campbell of Lundie, whose daughter he married; crest, a
\ >>1, with the batton of the office erected in pale: motto, Advance. And places
round his arms, the chain of gold, with the badge of the Order pendent, which
he commonly wears; and, behind the shield, two battons in saltier, to show he is
actually in post, us in Plate of Achievements. But to proceed to marks of ecclesi-
astical offices.

The arcbifpiscopal pall, mitres, crosiers, crosses, and keys, which are all marks of
ecclesiastical authority, are frequent in arms, and especially in these of the episco-
pal sees in England.

The ARCHIEPISCOPAL SEE of CANTERBURY, azure, a pastoral staff in pale argent,
tupped with a cross patee or, surmounted of an archiepiscopal pall of the second,
edged and fringed of the third, and charged with four crosses filched sable, as
Plate XI. fig. 25.

The SEE of CHESTER, gules, three mitres with their labels or.

The SEE of CARLISLE, argent, on a cross sable, a mitre or.

The ARCHIEPISCOPAL SEE- of YORK, gules, two keys adosse in saltier argent, and-
in chief, an imperial crown.

The SEE of LANDAJFF, sable, two crosiers in saltier ardent, on a chief azure, three
mitres with labels of the second, as Plate XI. fig. 24.

The SEE of PETERBOROUGH, gules, two keys in saltieri cantoned with four croslets
bottone,Jitcbe or.

The SEE of Sr ASAPH, sable, two- keys in saltier adosse argent.

The SEE of GLOUCESTER carries the same with St Asaph, but the field is azure .

The SEE of EXETER, gules, a sword in pale argent, hiked and pommelled or, sur-
mounted of two keys in saltier adosse of the last.

The SEE of WINCHESTER, gules, a sword in bend-sinister argent, the hilt downward
or, interposed between two keys indorsed in bend-dexter, the uppermost argent,
and the other or.

All these blazons are to be found in Mr Dale Pursuivant's Catalogue of the No-
bility of England.

The County of UNDERWALD, a Swiss canton, coupe, argent and azure , two keys
in pale adosse, and counter-changed of the same.

OF ARTIFICIAL THINGS.

Mitres, crosiers, and keys, have made up the arms of several churches,

churchmen, and laics too, who have had 'a dependence on the church, or from
their names relatiye thereto, as those of the name of KIRK, who, in our old and
modern books of arms, carry g u/es, a bishop's crosier or, with a sword saltier-ways
arge:ti, and on a chief of the second,, a thistle vert.

The last figure shows, them to have been of a Scots extraction, and to have as-
sumed the surname from the kirk, or church, probably upon account of some office
belonging thereto.

Sir William Kirk is mentioned in the first book of Knox's History of the Re-
formation, (whom Pe'irie, in his Church History, Part 11. page 172, says he was u
priest) tind that he was the first, amongst many others, whom Cardinal Beaton
summoned before jbifo, in the Abbey-Kirk of Holyroodhouse, anno 1534, because
ha favoured the Reformation ; but King James V. being there present, and inter-
posing his authority, commanded Sir William to return to his former principles,
to which he submissively acquiesced, and publicly burnt his bill.

He was brother to David Kirk, burgess of Edinburgh, whom the above John
Knox, in his History, mentions to be slain, anno 1549, in Edinburgh, valiantly
fighting with the Laird of Stenhouse, then provost thereof, who was defending the
privileges of the town against the insults of some Frenchmen.

His son was Mr James Kirk, writer in Edinburgh, father of Mr John Kirk,
writer there, whose son was Mr James Kirk, minister at Aberfoyl in Perthshire.
He had seven sons; the eldest, Mr James, became minister at Balmaghie in Gal-
loway, and his seventh and youngest son, Mr Robert Kirk, became minister at Aber-
foyl 1685. He was a man of good parts; he translated King David's Psalms with
great exactness into Scottish and Irish verse, which the Privy Council, upon exa-
mination, highly approved of, and ordained the same to be printed, anno 1684.
He wrote also several other books handsomely : He died at Aberfoyl i4th of May
1692, being twice married, first to Isabel, daughter to Sir Colin Campbell of Mon-
chaster, second son to Colin Campbell of Glenorchy, by whom he had Colin his
eldest son : And by his second wife, a daughter of Campbell of Fordy, descended
of the family of Lawers, he had Mr Robert Kirk, minister at Dornoch.

Mr ROBERT, the father, carried the above arms within a bordure indented argent;
crest, a crosier and dagger saltier-wrays : motto, Optimum quod primum; as now
used by his eldest son Colin Kirk, Writer to the Signet, who married Jean, second
(laughter to George Stirling of Herbertshire, of whose arms before. See Plate of
Achievements.

Some of this name with us carry, in place of the crosier and sword saltier-ways,
gules, on a saltier argent, a thistle slipped vert, and, on a chief of the second, three
cushions azure; crest, a church, proper: motto, Fotis y Conamine, as by JAMES
KIRK, Merchant in Edinburgh. L. R.

There are several considerable families of the name of KIRK, in England, who
carry other figures, as in Guillim's Display of Heraldry; by Sir JOHN KIRK of East-
ham in the county of Essex, descended from Sir David Kirk, who was Governor
and proprietor of Newfoundland in America, carries parted per fesse, or and gules,
a lozenge counter-changed, writh a canton azure, thereon a lion supporting a cut-
las, chained and collared argent; which canton was given as an augmentation to
the said Sir David Kirk, and to Lewis Kirk, Governor of Canada, and to Captain
Thomas Kirk, Vice-Admiral of the English Fleet, and to their descendants, for
their good services done in encountering and vanquishing the French navy, and
bringing the admiral prisoner to England, and for taking the said country of
Canada, then belonging to the French, which was fortified by them ; in which
expedition the above Sir David took the governor, and brought him prisoner to
England.

The surname of GIBSON, with us, gules, three keys fesse-ways in pale, wards
downward or.

The first of this name, says Sir George Mackenzie, in his Manuscript, was a
churchman, who took keys to show he was such: The name afterwards was much
raised and advanced by Mr George Gibson, first a Clerk of the Session, and after

OF ARTIFICIAL THINGS. 421

of the Senators of the College of Justice, who purchased the lands of Duric in
Fife, in the reign of King James VI.

His son and successor, Sir ALEXANDER GIBSON of Durie, carried the foresaid
arms; and for crest, a pelican vulnerating herself; with the motto, Pandite calestes
porta.

Crosses, as I have said before, are the badges of devotion, and especially the
portable ones, the cross croslets, which are very frequent to be seen in the hands
of churchmen, represented on seals, and by the bearings of ancient families, of
which 1 have given several instances before, and here mention again that of CHKIN,
sometimes writ CHEYNK, and CHIEN, old Barons of Innerugie, who had great pos-
sessions in Caithness ; Duulu, and others, who carried gules, a bend between six cross
croslets fitched argent.

From this family descended several very considerable families, as the Cheynes of
Arnage, Esselmont, Straloch, Dundarg, Pitfitchie, &-c.

The head of the family of Cheyne, was Lord Cheyne of Innerugie, which, in the
reign of King Robert Bruce, failed in the heir-male, having only daughters ; the
eldest whereof was married to Sir Robert Keith, knight, Marischal of Scotland, one
of the progenitors of the Earls Marischal : By her he got the estate of Innerugie,
which the family have always possessed, and were sometime in use to quarter the
arms of Cheyne with their own, as Mr Crawfurd observes in his History of the
Peerage of Scotland.

The estate of DufTus went off with another daughter, married to another son of
the Earl of Sutherland, as before, page 131.

The last of the family of Arnage was the learned yacobus Cbeyiurus ab Arnage,
who being Professor at Douay, did there publish his Mathematical and Philosophi-
cal Works.

A son of Cheyne of Innerugie married the heiress of Marshall of Esselmont,
and with her got the lands of Esselmont, for which the family quartered the arms
of Marshall with their own, of which before, page 129.

From this family is descended the eminent physician Dr GEORGE CHEYNE, whose
bearing is gules, a bend between six cross croslets fitche argent, within a bordure
ermine; crest, a cross patee or: motto, Patientia vincit. L. R.

CHEYNE of Straloch, carried the plain coat of Cheyne, as they stand on the
House of Straloch, and Pont's Manuscripts ; crest, a capuchin's cap : motto, Fear
God.

I shall conclude this chapter with a few other figures that are looked upon as
marks of authority and offices.

Cushions are looked upon as marks of authority, and have been carried as ar-
morial figures by ancient families abroad, and with us, as by the Randolphs Earls
Moray, and by the name of Johnston, of whom before.

BRISBANE of Bishopton, an ancient and principal family of the name, sable, a
cheveron cheque, or and gules, between three cushions of the second ; cress, a stork's
head erased, holding in her beak a serpent waved, proper ; and for motto, of old,
Csrtamine summo ; and of late, Dabit otia Deus. N. R.

Sir JOHN BRISBANE, sometime Judge-Advocate to the King's Navy, carries as
Bishopton, within a bordure vair; crest, a serpent wreathed about an anchor in
pale, proper: motto, minimum prudentia Jirmat. Ibid.

MATTHEW BRISBANE, Doctor of Medicine, as Bishopton, within a bordure chequt,
argent and sable; crest, a hillock seme of ants, proper: motto, Virtuti damnosa-
quies. Ibid.

The name of MARJORIBANKS is said to be descended of the Johnstons, argent,
on a chief gules, a cushion, between two spur-rowels of the first, as in Pont's MS.
who gives to others of that name, argent, on a fesse gules, between three spur-
rowels of the last, as many cushions of the first.

THOMAS MARJORIBANKS of Balbarclie, representer of Marjoribanks of that Ilk,
argent, a mullet gules, on a chief sable, a cushion or; cre^t, :\ dcmi-grillin, proper:
motto, Et custos y pugnax. N. R.

JOSEPH MARJORIBANKS of Lochie, argent, on a chief gulcr, a cushion between
two spur-rowels of the field; crest, a lion's paw grasping a lance in bend, proper:
motto, Advance with courage. Ilrid.

4 : 2 OF ARTIFICIAL THINGS

Cups are likewise vised as armorial figures, and even from the office of butler to
sovereigns ; as by the BUTLERS Dukes of ORMOND, of whom before, who have been
in use to quarter their coat of office, azure, three cups or, with their paternal cout,
r,r, a chief indented a%ure ; the figures of the coat of office have descended to the
branches of that family both in Scotland, England, and Ireland, as relative to the
name.

BUTLER of Kirkland, in East-Lothian, parted per fesse ingrailed, azure and gules,.
three covered cups, two in chief, and one in base or; crest, a cup without a cover
or: motto, Saplenter uti boiium.

Others of the name, with us. carried azure, a fesse ingrailed argent, between three
cups or. P. MS.

In England, Sir JAMES BUTLER of Lincolns-Inn, Knight, argent, on -a chief
sable, three covered cups or. And BUTLER of Hales, in Lancashire, the same.
Art. Her.

In France, the name of BOUTEILLERS of Senlis and Chantilly there, or, a cross
gules, charged with five cups or.

The surname of SHAW, with us, carries also azure, three covered cups or.

These of this name, says Sir George Mackenzie, are descended of one Shaw,
a second son of Duncan Earl of Fife, who took their father's name for a surname,
(if whom the principal family was SHAW of Sauchie, who carried as above.

John Shaw of Sauchie was Comptroller to King James III. ; the lands of Greenock
belonged to Sauchie, which one of his progenitors purchased, by marrying one of
the co-heirs of Galbraith of Greenock, in the reign of Robert III. Which lands
continued in the family of Sauchie till the reign of King James V. that Alexander
Shaw of Sauchie gave the lands of Greenock, in patrimony, to John Shaw hi*
eldest son, by his second wife, Elizabeth, daughter of William Cunningham of
Glengarnock. The family of Sauchie, through failure of succession, fell into
Greenock, who is now lineal representer, and chief of the name.

Sir JOHN SHAW of Greenock, Baronet, azure, three covered cups or; supporters,
two savages wreathed about the middle with laurel, proper ; crest, a demi-savage :
motto, I mean well.

SHAW of Bargaran, in Renfrewshire, azure, a fesse cheque, argent and gules, be-
tween three covered cups or.

JOHN SHAW of Sornbeg, azure, three mullets in fesse, between as many covered
cups argent. N. R.

The name of CARKETTLE of that Ilk, azure, on a bend or, between three cover-
ed cups of the last, as many boars' heads erased gules. Others of that name, says
Pont, gave argent, on a bend between two mullets gules, three crescents of the
first.,

M'ILVAIN of Grimet, gules, two cups covered or, in the middle chief point a star
argent.

LAURIE of Maxwelton, sable, a cup argent, with a garland between two laurel
branches, all issuing out of the same, vert. Mackenzie's Heraldry.

FRANCIS LAWRIE of Plainstones, sometime Bailie of Portsburgh, parted per fesse,
gules and sable, a cup argent, with a garland issuing out of the top, between two
laurel branches vert; crest, a trunk of an oak sprouting out, proper: motto,
RepiiUulat. N. R.

h'.mtuND WARCUP of Northmore, in Oxfordshire, sable, three covered cups argent,
as relative to the name.

Hunting-horns are commonly represented semicircular, and called bugles, by the
Latins, buccina: incurva; and when straight, buccina porrectee: The last are very
frequent with the Germans.

Hunting-horns, or bugles, are ordinarily hung by strappings; which, if of a dif-
ferent tincture from the bugle, are then said to be bendressed, by the old heralds,
because worn over the shoulder by way of a bend : The modern heralds say
stringed of such a tincture, and the French say, liez. Hunting-horns have some-
times their mouth-pieces, and rings, of a different tincture from the body of the
horn ; for which the French say, cnguiche and virole of such tinctures. We say,
garnished of such a tincture.

or ARTIFICIAL THINGS. 4 .

The surname of FORRESTER is from the office of keeper of the king's forest., a,
appears by their armorial figures, hunting-horns, called bugles.

There was an ancient family of this name, designed of Renton, in the Me
who carried argent, three hunting-horns (or bugles) sable, stringed gules; which
family long since ended in an heiress, who was married to Elim of Elimford, and
again passed from them, ,\vith another heiress of Elim, to the Homes. The Ho;:
of Renton quarter their arms "with their own, as 1 efore.

The principal family of the name of Forrester is that of the Lord Forrester,
descended of the Forresters of Corstorphine. I have seen the transumpt of a
charter of Archibald Farl of Douglas, Lord of Galloway, to Sir Adam Forrester of
Corstorphine, of the lands of Clerkington, now called Nicolson, of the date the
24th of February 1401.

King Robert 111. gives a charter of annuity of .ten merks Sterling to Sir Adam
Forrester, out of the customs of Edinburgh; to which grant, John Stewart of Bute,
the king's natural brother, is a witness, dated the 5th of February 1404. For
which see Mr Crawfurd's History of Renfrew.

Sir JOHN FORRESTER of Corstorphine, Chamberlain of Scotland, obtains anew
charter from King James I. the 4th of February, proceeding upon his own resigna-
tion, erecting the lands of Drylaw, Nether-Libberton, Clerkington, and Meadow-
field, into a barony, to be holden of the king for payment of a penny. He got
;tlv) from that king another charter of confirmation of the lands and village of
Corstorphine, to himself, and his son John Forrester, and his heirs-male ; which
failing, to his other son Henry; and failing of him, to another son James; and last
of all, to his uncle Thomas Forrester and his heirs-male, dated at Perth the 4th of
February 1430. He was succeeded by Archibald Forrester of Corstorphine. 1
have seen his seal of arms appended to an alienation and resignation of all his
lands, in favours of his son Alexander Forrester, in the year 1482. On the which
seal was a shield couche, charged with three hunting-horns stringed, supported by
two dogs, and a dog's head for crest. This Alexander made an assignation of all
his lands in favours of his cousin James Forrester of Meadowflat, and his heirs-
mule, in the year 1587, and the year after James is infeft in the lands of Corstor-
phine, and others ; and he was succeeded by Sir George Forrester, who was creat-
ed a lord of Parliament, by the title of Lord Forrester, the zoth of November
1633. He had only three daughters, one of them Was married to James Baillie
of Torwoodhcad, son to Lieutenant-General William Baillie, in whose favours the
Lord Forrester resigned the honour. But he having no issue, the honour, by vir-
tue of the entail, came to his brother William Baillie, who married also another
daughter, Lilius, of George Lord Forrester; by whom he had William Lord For-
jr, father to the present George Lord Forrester : Whose arms are argent, a
between three hunting-horns sable, garnished of the second, supported
on the dexter by a hound, proper, and on the sinister by a grey-hound argent;
and, for crest, a hunting-horn; with the motto, Blow Hunter thy born.

FORRESTER of Garden, in Stirlingshire, argent, three hunting-horns sable, gar-
nished gules. This family is now extinct ; a son of which married the heiressjof
Strathhenries of that Ilk, about the year 1496, which continued in the name of
Forrester till King Charles II.'s reign, that a younger son of Kirkness married the
heiress, and got the estate, -and his son John Douglas is the present possessor.

ALEXANDER FORRESTER, descended of the family of Garden, argent, a pellet (/. e.
torteattx de sable) between three hunting-horns sable ; crest, a dexter hand holding
a hunting-horn, proper : mono, It's good to be loan. N. R.

DAVIU FORRESTER of Denoven, descended of Garden, as Garden, and, for dif-
ference, a crescent surmounted of another. Ibid.

Sir AVDRF.W FORRESTER, Under-Secretary of State in the reigns of Charles II.
and James V II. argent, a cheveron between three bugles sable, garnished gules;
crest, a lily growing through, and surmounting, a bush of thorns, proper: motto,
Spernit pericitla virtus. Ibid.

GEORGE FORRESTER, sometime Dean of Guild of Dundee, argent, a beagle (or
ratch-hound) between three hunting-horns sable ; crest, a grey-hound with a leash,
proper: motto, Recreation. Ibid.

424 OF ARTIFICIAL THINGS.

The name of MASCROP, of which there are several in Teviotclale, or, a hunting-
horn vert, stringed gules, and on a chief azure, three mullets of the first.

I have seen the seal of arms of PATRICK. MASCROP of Jedburgh, appended to a
deed of his, in the year 1597, on which seal was a shield charged with a hunting-
horn, and on a chief, a crescent and a mullet.

PENNYCOOK. of that Ilk, argent, a bend azure, between three hunting-hor,ns
sable, stringed gules; (P. MS.) crest, a man winding a horn: motto, Free for a
blast.

ALEXANDER PENNYCOOK of Newhall, or, a fesse, between three hunting-horns
sable, garnished and stringed gules', crest, a stag lodged under an oak tree, proper:
motto, Ut resurgam. N. R. •

The surname of SEMPLE carries a cheveron cheque, accompanied with hunting-
horns.

The principal family was SEMPLE of Elliotston, in the shire of Renfrew, where
they had great possessions and offices, as seneschals and bailiffs, under the illustri-
ous family of the Stewart, proprietors of that country, before they came to the
crown : Upon which account, they carry the cheveron cheque, as many other fa-
milies have done, as I observed before, in imitation of the cheque figure of the
Stewarts, their patrons and over-lords.

ROBERT SEMPLE was steward of the barony of Renfrew, and is a witness in a
charter of James High Steward of Scotland, grandfather of King Robert II. the
first of the Stewarts, in whose reign the barons of Elliotston were eminent, and
sheriffs of Renfrew. Of them was lineally descended Sir Thomas Semple, father of
Sir John Semple of Elliotston, who, by King James IV. in the first year of his
reign, was created a baron of Parliament, by the title of Lord Semple: Of whom
was lineally descended Francis Lord Semple, who dying without issue, his eldest
sister, Anne, succeeded into the dignity, and was married to Francis Abercromby
of Fitternier, who was dignified with the title of Lord Glassford, by King James VII.
She bore Francis, now Lord Semple, who succeeded his mother, and carries, as
his predecessors the Lords Semple, argent, a cheveron cheque gules, and of the first,
accompanied with three bugles sable, garnished of the second, supported by two
ratch-hounds sable, collared gules; crest, a stag's head, proper, attired argt
motto, Keep triste.

FRANCIS SEMPLE of Belltrees, descended of the family of Semple, carries as
Semple, with a gelliflower for his difference. N. R.

JAMES SEMPLE, Merchant in Stockholm in Sweden, son to John Semple of Cath-
i:art, descended of the Lord Semple, carries as the Lord Semple, within a borduic
gules, charged with eight crescents or ; crest, a stag's head argent, attired azure,
charged with a crescent gules : motto, Diligentia & vigilantia. Ibid.

There are other goodly families of this name descended of the House of Semple,.
whose descents I cannot here mention, since their additional figures, marks of ca-
dency, added to the principal bearing, are not to be found as they have used them
in our records of blazon.

I shall here add the achievement of the ingenious Mr GEORGE CRAWFURD, author
of the Peerage of Scotland, a younger son of Thomas Crawfurd of Cartsburn, or
Crawsburn, who quarters the arms of Semple with those of his family, upon the
account his mother, Jean Semple, being the heir of that branch of the Semples of
Milbank and Burntshiels, descended of Andrew, master of Semple, in King James
VI.'s time, carries by the approbation of the Lyon King at arms, viz. quarterly,
first gules, a fesse ermine, (for Crawfurd of Kilbirny, of which his great-grandfather
was a younger brother) and in base two swords saltier-ways, proper, hiked and
pommelled or; which were given to his predecessor Captain Thomas Crawfurd of
Jordanhill, by reason of his great valour and virtue, highly celebrated for his mar-
tial achievements, especially in that attempt in assaulting and winning with a few
men the impregnable castle of Dumbarton, in the minority of King James VI. ;
second quarter, azure, a cheveron betwixt three cross patees or, for Barclay oi"
Kilbirny ; the heirs of which estate the Crawfurd married with in the reign of
King James III.; the third quarter, argent, a cheveron cheque gules, and of the first,
accompanied with three bugles sable, garnished of the second, for Semple, as

OF ARTIFICIAL THINGS. 425

above; and the fourth quarter as the first; crest, ;i pair of b.iLm- 1.- on the p.
of a dagger pale-ways: .notto, (hti sbmv dh- ri'^'nr. As in Plate of Ac.. ,->ts.

The iui;ne of HOKN, in t!»c Low-Countries of Germany, or, three hunting-;
sable ; and the town of HORN there, tirgtnt, a. hunting-horn sable, garnishr

! stringed of the same.

Mr JAMES HORN of VVcsterhall, Advocate, argent, a fesse waved and cotti
azui \t two unicorns' heads coviped in chief, and a bugU: in base iftiles,

dished of the first, and stringed of the third; crest, a bugle azure, garni .
and stringed as the former: motto, M"ii;i.n miinitiis. N. R.

BELLINGHAM, in England, argent, three bugles sable, stringed gules, and gar;
ed or.

Since I am speaking of hunting-horn-', I s!<all here mention the- name <
FOUK. of Dovan, who, by their seals appended to charters in the reign of Robert
111. had a choveron charged with an otter's head, and in base a bugle Stringed.

The first of this family was Peter Balfour, a son of Balfour of that Ilk; he mar-
ried Anna, daughter of Thomas Sibbald of Balgony, who gave to him, and his
wife Ann, a charter of the lands of Dovan, in the reign of Robert 111. and the fa-'
mily was designed of Dovan.

John Balfour of Lalethan, son and heir to Andrew Balfour of Dovan, gets a
charter from Andrew Lundin of Balgony of the lands of Dovan, with the con-
sent of Sir Robert Lundin and Elisabeth Sibbald his mother, as the charter be
of the date the 3d of June 1499. This John Balfour married Isabel, daughter of
John Lord Lindsay and Byres; his son and successor was David Balfour of Dovan,
father of another David Balfour, who gets a charter of the lands of Lalethan to
him and his son Martin, from Mr William Lundin of that Ilk, in the year 1576.

Martin Balfour was retoured heir to his grandfather David Balfour, in the lands
of Dovan and Lalethan, in the year 1596. He married Janet Balfour, a daughter
of Balfour of Ballo.

Their son, George Balfour, purchased the lands of Balbirny; and by his wife,
Anne, a daughter of Sir Michael Arnot of that Ilk, he had Robert Balfour, who
married Elizabeth, eldest daughter to Sir John Preston of that Ilk. Their son and
heir is the present

George Balfour of Balbirny; he married Agnes, only daughter to Robert Lumis-
den of Stravithy, son to Sir James Lumisden of Innergelly, and with her has
issue: Their eldest son is Robert Balfour, fiar of Balbirny.

This family, when designed of Lalethan, carried sable, on a cheveron argent,
betwixt three roses of the second, an otter's head erased of the first. Which blazon,
Sir James Balfour says, in his MS. he confirmed in the year 1638: And since,
anno 1664, Balfour of Balbirny 's arms are registrate by Sir Charles Areskine, Lyon
King at Arms, being argent, on a cheveron ingrailed, between three mullets
suble, a selch's head erased of the first ; crest, a palm tree, proper : motto, Virtus
ad tether a tendit. But the family have reassumed their ancient bearings, with the
crest and motto, as in Plate of Achievements.

CHAP. X.

\RXIFICIAL THINGS OR CHARGES, AS THEY RELATE TO PROFESSIONS LIBERAL AND

MECHANICAL.

HAVING treated of the kinds and species of armorial figures, with their attri-
butes, I come now to the last sort of them, which relate to .aid
arts, which seem not to be so honourable as others that have their rise from mili-
tary and civil virtue, dignities, and honourable ofiices : Nor can their use in ar-
mories be supposed to be so ancient as the former, but as marks of a later, or new
nobility, arising from such professions, which were not numbered among the noble
ones of old.

These figures are not so frequent with us, as in other nations, because our no-
bility is ancient, and its rise military; yet I cannot but say that some of t1

426 OF ARTIFICIAL THINGS.

mechanical figures I am to speak of, are of ancient use, and, when relative to the
names of the bearers, are of good esteem, as all canting arms are throughout
Europe, which are even commended by the nice Marcus Gilbertus de Warrennius,
a French writer of no small esteem ; but he mightily discommends arms composed
of the letters of the alphabet, upon the account, says he, that these are made use
of by merchants and tradesmen, as their marks on their bundles and packs of
manufactory goods, in oval and quadrangular cartouches, and to whom it is not
allowed, by the laws of ah1 well governed nations, to place such in formal shields.

With submission to this author, not only the Hebrew, Greek, and Roman cha-
racters have been used, on the ensigns and arms of the ancients singly, interlaced
with others, and also joined in composing words and sentences; and besides, have
been carried in arms for their mystical and symbolical significations, and for being
the initial letters of the names of the bearers.

The letter A, with the Romans, was the mark of absolution, and carried as a
token of honour and innocency.

A is carried in the arms of the family of ALTHAUN, in Germany, as the initial
letter of their name, thus, gules, on a fesse argent, the letter A of the first. Mor-
gan's Heraldry.

The Greek * delta was the symbol of perfect amity, and H in the Hebrew mys-
teries was the emblem of generation, brought from the Almighty's adding that
letter to the names of Evah and Abraham, when he was pleased to tell them,
" That she should be the mother of mankind, and he the father of many nations."

The Messinians carried on their ensigns the capital letter M, the initial one of
their name.

Upon the same account, the Ziconians carried the letter Z, and the Lacedemo-
nians the letter L, and Francis I. King of France, placed the Greek letter * phi on
his seals and coins, upon the account that he rectified the Greek alphabet, as
Menestrier tells us.

BYZANTIUM, now Constantinople, had on its ensigns the Greek B, beta', and the
City of ROME has its old device for its arms, thus, gules, S, P, C^, R, (which stands
for, Senatus Populusque Romanus^) in bend, between two cottises or.

The REPUBLIC of LUCCA, as a trophy of her preserved liberty, carries azure, the
word Libertas, in bend, between two cottises or.

Many honourable families have letters in their arms.

SIGISMUND, King of Poland, charged the breast of his eagle with a capital S.

SIGISMUND BATURI, Prince of Transylvania, carried over his arms, by way ot
surtout, the imperial eagle, and charged the right wing with the letter R, and the
left with the letter A, to point out that that bird was Regina Avium, i. e. Queen of
Birds.

Many religions societies of the Church of Rome have their arms composed of
the letters of the holy name of Jesus, and sometimes cyphered with the letters M,
for St Mary his mother.

The congregation of the Benedictines in Italy have the word Pax ; the Mino-
rites, the word Charitas; and the Servites, the letters S and M, interlaced, which
Dignify Serui Maria, for their armorial figures.

The Turks and Moors being forbid by their religion the use of images, and
figures of living creatures, place letters on their ensigns.

The Spaniards, who had long wars with the Moors in Spain, 'have been in use
to place letters and words on their armorial ensigns, as the families of VEGA and
ANDRIDA, in Spain, place the words Ave Maria, orle-ways, round their arms.

Several families in England have letters in their arms ; for which see Morgan
and Guillim's Display of Heraldry : With us I have found no such practice by our
nobility.

Books are frequently carried in the ensigns of universities, colleges, cities, and
by some families : When they are represented open, the English say, expanded,
and, when closed, clasped ; as Morgan, who tells us, the one implies manifestation,
and the other council.

The REPUBLIC of VENICE carries in its arms a book expanded ; of which before.
The UNIVERSITY of OXFORD, azure, a book open, with seven seals or; and, on the
leaves, the words, Sapientia, Felicitas, between three crov/ns or.

OF ARTIFICIAL THINGS.

The UNIVERSITY of CAMBRIDGE, gules, on a cross ermine, between two lions
passant gardant or; a book shut, and clasped of the field, and garnished or.

Writing pens are carried vvirli us by the name of GILMOUR.

Sir ALEXANDER GIL.MOI/R of Craigmillar, Baronet, azure, three writing pens pale-
ways, full-feathered (iivtn:; crest, a dexter hand holding a scroll of papers, within
a garland of laurel, proper: motto, Nil penna, sed ujus; to show their rise was from
being writers and clerks. N. R.

There is u figure with the English, which they call maunch, that is, as I take it,
an old-fashioned sleeve of a garment, which Mr Gibbon latins thus, manica antiquee
forma,

Menestrier tells us of a very ancient Manuscript of Blazons, wiiich is kept in the
college of the English Benedictines at Douay, and it seems to be the ancien
piece of that kind in Britain, having the arms of many of the captains that came
over with William the Conqueror, writ and illuminated in his time by the monks
of Ely. Among these captains there is one HASTINGIUS, as Menestrier observes,
who carried then, or, a la manche mal taille de gueules', which figure these of the
name of HASTINGS in England carry, but in a different tincture. Plate 11. fig. 25.

The most eminent of the name was Baron Hastings, in the reign of King Ed-
ward IV. who, by a writ of summons to Parliament, I5th of November 1482, sat
as a peer.

One of his successors was made Earl of Huntingdon, by- Kiijg Henry VIII.
from whom is descended THEOPHILUS HASTINGS, the present Earl of HUNTINGDON,
Baron Hastings of Hungerford, who carries as his predecessors, for his paternal
arms, argent, a maunch sable, quartered with other coats of alliance, as in Guillim's
Display.

The name of WHARTON, in England, carries also sable, a maunch argent; which
name is from Wharton, a barony upon the river Eden in Westmoreland, where now
the seat of the family is called Wharton-hall.

This family was advanced to the dignity of Lord Baron, in the person of THOMAS
WHARTON, by writ of summons to Parliament, 3Oth January 1544, by King
Henry VIII. He was then Governor of the town and castle of Carlisle, and War-
den of the West-Marches : For defeating the discontented Scots, at Solway Moss,
he got an augmentation added to his arms, viz. a bordure or, charged with eight
couple of lions' paws saltier- ways, erased gules.

This family of late was dignified, in the year 1706, with the titles of Viscount
Winchington, and Earl of Wharton.

Purses, or palmer-scrips, are carried with us, by the name of SPREUL.

For the antiquity of the name, WALTER SPREUL Setiescballus de Dumbarton, in
the reign of King Robert I. obtained a charter of the lands of Dalquhern : And
there is also, in the Register, a resignation made by another Walter Spreul, of the
land of Cowden, in favours of Thomas Spreul his son and heir ; which family
continued in a lineal succession till the year 1622, that the lands of Cowden were
sold : Of which family are descended severals of that name, whose bearings are or,
a fesse cheque, azure and argent, between three purses (or palmer-scrips) gules.
Pont's Manuscript.

The name of BELL with us carry, relative to- their name, bells ; as BELL of
Kirkonnel, azure, three bells or. Ibid. Plate II. fig. 26.

JAMES BELL of Provosthaugh, azure, a fesse between three bells or; crest, a roe
feeding, proper: with the motto, Signum pads amor. New Register.

The name of PORTER, in England, sable, three bells argent.

When the tongue, or clapper, of a bell is of a different tincture, the French for it
use the term bataille, as in the blazon of the family of BELLEGAR.DE, azure, a bell
urgent, bataille sable.

GRIERSON of Lag, in Annandale, as I observed before, carried a saltier, and
chief, as arms of patronage of that country ; but it seems they have been in use
to carry other arms, as matriculated in our Lyon Register, gules, on a resse or,
between three quadrangular locks argent, a mullet azure, (some make them fetter-
locks); crest, a lock as the former: motto, Hoc secnrior. And the same are in Sir
George Mackenzie's Heraldry, and so illuminated on the House of Falahall. Plan-
II. fig. 27.

OF ARTIFICIAL THINGS.

ANDREW GRIERSON, one of his Majesty's Heralds, argent, a fir tree growing out
of the middle base vert, surmounted of a sword in bend, bearing up by the point
an imperial crown, proper, (by which it seems he has been a M'Gregor, and
changed his name to Grierson) placing the arms of M'Gregor within a bordure
gules, charged with four quadrangular locks as the first ; crest, a branch of fir, pro-
p,r : motto, Spent renovat. L. R. Plate II. fig.

The surname of DUN, g ules, a sword pale-ways, proper, hilted and pommelled or,
between three padlocks argent ; crest, a dexter hand holding a key, proper : motto,
Mecum habita. N. R. Plate II. fig. 28.

CHARLES DUN, Merchant in Aberdeen, carries the same, with a mullet for dif-
ference. Ibid.

The name of EWART, or, three swords, two of them saltier-ways, and one fesse-
ways, between a dexter hand in chief, and a man's heart in base gules. P. MS.
Plate II. fig. 29.

Since I am here speaking of swords, I shall mention another piece of armament,
viz. spur-rowels, borne by the name of BRYSON, gules, a saltier between two spur-
rowels in chief, and as many mullets in base argent; as in our old books of blazons,
which make a distinction betwixt spur-rowels and mullets, the first being pierced,
and the second not, as I observed before, page 400.

In our New Register, Mr ANDREW BRYSON of Craigton carried gules, a saltier
between two spur-rowels in fesse, a spear-head in chief, and a crescent in base or.
Plate II. fig. 30.

This family ended in two daughters ; the eldest of them was married to Walter
Ewing, Writer to the Signet, father and mother of John Ewing, Writer to the1
Signet, who possesses the lands of Craigton, which belonged to his grandfather by
the mother's side; and, by the father's side, he is the male-representer of Ewing of
Keppoch, his grandfather, in the shire of Dumbarton; which lauds of Keppoch
were purchased by a younger son of the family, who had only one daughter, mar-
ried to John Whitehill, whose son, Thomas, possesses the lands of Keppoch, and is
obliged to take upon him the name of Ewing.

The arms of EWING are carried by JOHN EWING of Craigton, Writer to the Sig-
net, of which before, page 412.

The name of MEGGET, azure, a quadrangular lock and key or. Font's Manu-
script.

Padlocks are carried by the name of LOCKHART, and MURRAY of Blackbarony,
of whom before.

Chess-rocks, used in the play of the chess, are carried with us by the name of
ORROCK. Plate II. fig. 31.

ALEXANDER ORROCK of that Ilk bears sable on a cheveron, betwixt three mullets
argent, as many chess-rocks of the first; crest, a falcon perching, proper: motto,
Solus Christ us me a rupes. L. R.

SMITH of Bracco, in Perthshire, carries azure, a burning cup, between two
chess-rocks in fesse or; crest, a dolphin haurient: motto, Mediis tratiquilhts in itiidis.
Ibid.

Wheels are carried in arms, as that ancient one to be seen in the first quarter of
the achievement of the Archbishop of MENTZ, Elector and Great Chancellor of the
Empire, gules, a wheel or, which had its rise from one Willigis, or Willekis, who
came to be archbishop and elector in the time of the Emperor Otho II. being the
son of a mean man, a carter, or wheel-wright, took for his arms a wheel, as a sign
of his humility, to show^ the meanness of his birth, and caused paint the wheel
upon all the rooms of his house, and furniture, to put him in mind of his mean
extract, with thesej words, Villegis, recollus quis es, W unde venis : And ever since
that wheel has become the fixed figure of that' See, which the Emperor Henry II.
confirmed, as Hopingius (L Jure Itisigniiim, cap. vi. page 236.

There is another sort of a wheel to be met with in arms, especially that called
St Katharine's wheel, which has iron teeth round it, used as an instrument of tor-
ture of old, upon which St Katharine, a confessor, was put to death.

KATHARINE ROUET, daughter of SirPaynRouet,Guienne King at Arms, being third
wife to John Duke of Lancaster, had her arms impaled with her husband's, being

OF ART! FICIAL THINGS.

s, a St Katharii. 1 or, as relative to her father's name, Rouet, or Rot.i

Saiuliord tolls us in hi'. Genealogical History, page 144.

Sir TURNER, one of the cliief commanders of the forces of King Charles II.

of Scotland, tarried sable, a St Katharine's wheel urgent, quartered with argent,
thi' ,'j- de sang, .'/.ie'.-. iicnildrv. Plate II. tig. ^;.

Mr ARCHIBALD TURNER, sometime one of the Ministers of Edinburgh, earn
the ^iv.e, with a crescent for ditleience; crest, a heart flaming, proper: motto,
Tit nc d'lL- inn! i\. N. R.

Tl, '•, ivftggon, and all other instruments of agriculture, are to be met with

irttW, for which see En. dish books of heraldry; as also h^/se -fitrn iittre. 1 find
tew or r.one with iii curry such figure1-.

KRUYK, in England, azure, a plough in fessc argent. (Art. Her.} The mot-
to it, when u-.ed as a d<-vk ' aum lacerat, The turning up of the clod is a
p to the .verttndofcecundat,

Menestrier givei us the arms of REILKAU, in Provence, viz. azure, the sock of
a plough in pale argent; because Reilke in that country signifies the sock of a
plough, and so of other instruments of agriculture, as relative to the names of th<-
bearers r And he tells us, that the family of SCALA, in Italy, carries, de gueules n
V'.rbt'ilf d'or, en pal tenue par deux cbiens de meme, i. e. gules, a ladder in pale,
hokbn up by two dogs or. These arms make a double allusion to the surname
Sen : ' • to the name MATIN, frequent in that family,

at territories in Italy; others give to that family, an eagle
perch:;1/ on i1 1 -'Ider.

The ICVY arried by these of the name of BINNING, descended of the family

of East-Binniog, as by Binning of Carlouriehall, and Binning of Walliford, as be-
, page 100, Carlouriehall being now extinct, without issue, Walliford is the
only rcprescnter of East-Binuing, the waggon is carried upon account that one
William Binning, of the family of Binning, surprised the castle of Linlithgovv by a
MI with a waggon fall of hay, in the reign of Robert the Bruce; and for
which piece of good service, ia dispossessing the English, he and his got the lands
Binning, and the waggon to be added to their arms, to perpetuate that
achievement: Which John Barbour, Archdean of Aberdeen, in the Acts and Life
of King Robert the Bruce, has given a full account of; and likewise it is noticed
by Mr Thomas Bell, Professor of Philology in the College of Edinburgh, in his
Stfategemata Scotonan. In Walliford's charter-chest there is a charter by King
James I. of the lands of East-Binning, to David de Binning, upon William de Bin-
ning his father's resignation.

The name of Binning appears to have come from France; Moreri, in his Dic-
tionary, and several other authors, mention S. Benigne, first archbishop of Dijon,
and other persons of learning and distinction of that name, both in Italy and
France; the variation of the spelling is but adapted to the pronunciation in seve-
ral languages.

Mr CHARLES BINNING of Pilmuir, Advocate, one of his Majesty's Solicitors-Gene-
ral, being a younger son of Sir William Binning of Walliford, bears argent, on a
bend ingrailed azure, a waggon of the first, within- a bordure ermine.

There was a family of the name of FERRIER, which lived in Tranetit, in the
reign of Alexander II. whose seal of arms I have seen appended to an alienation of
some land-, in Tranent, to the family of Seaton, on which was a shield charged
with three horse-shoes. The Ferriers were a considerable family in England, and
carried the same figures.

NAESMITII of Posso bears, quarterly, first and fourth gules, a dexter hand coup-
ed, proper, holding a sword pale-ways argent, between two broken hammers or, as the
paternal coat relative to the name of Naesmith; second and third azure, on a fesse
argent, between three mullets in chief, and a sanglier passant, in base of the second,
a boar's head couped gules, for Baird of Posso; crest, a hand holding a hammer
as the former: motto, Nan arte sed Marte. N. R.

NEILSON of Corsack, in Galloway, azure, two hammers in saltier or; in the dex-
ter rlank a crescent, and in base a star argent; crest, a demi-man issuing out of
the wreath, holding over his shoulder a hammer, all proper; with the motto.
Prasto pro patria.

50.

43- OF ARTIFICIAL THINGS.

The family has been in use to carry those figures, to perpetuate a valiant ami
bold action in the reign of David the Bruce ; which figures differ from these of the
other families of the name, as before, upon the account of some notable event,
though of the same origin with them, as by the common tradition, That three
brothers of the surname of O'Neal, came from Ireland to Scotland, in the reign of
Robert the Bruce, where they got lands for their valour, and their issue changed
their name a little, from O'Neal to Neilson; for O'Neal and M'Neil are the same
with Neilson.

For the antiquity of this family, I have seen a precept granted by James Lind-
say of Fairgirth, to infeft John Neilson, and his wife Isabel Gordon, in the lands of
Corsack in Galloway, in the year 1439. Also a charter of confirmation of the
lands of Corsack, of the date 2oth of July 1444, by Sir John Forrester of Corstor-
paine, to Fergus Neilson, son and heir to John Neilson of Corsack. And in anno
1497, there is a charter granted by James Lindsay of Carsluith, to John Neilson of
Corsack, who married a daughter of Cairns of Orchardton, and with her had a
son, who got the lands of Arvie; which family ended in three daughters, who died
without issue, and these lands were purchased by Corsack. Secondly, he married
Janet, a daughter of Lindsay of Fairgirth, and with her had a son, John, who suc-
ceeded to the lands of Corsack, as by charters in the years 1539, and 1546.
This John married a daughter of Kirkwall, or Kirko of Bogrie, and was succeeded
by his son John, who built the present House of Corsack, the date of which is to
be seen engraven upon a stone, above the head of the door of the tower, with the
shield of arms as above, without the crest and motto. He married Margaret, a
daughter of Gordon of Macartney, and was succeeded by his son Robert Neilson of
Corsack, who married a daughter of Maclellan of Barscob ; with her he had
John his successor, who married Anne, eldest daughter to Gordon of Eaiiston,
father and mother of the present John Neilson of Corsack, \viio carries the above
arms.

Barnacles, an instrument used by horse-farriers, to curb and command unruly
horses, were carried in arms by the ancient family of the name of GENEVILL, by
corruption called GRENVILL, sometime great in England, and Lords of Meath in
Ireland, azure, three horse-barnacles extended in pale or, on a chief ermine, a lion
issuant gules, which Mr Gibbon blazons thus: " Gestant in area caerulea tres posto-

mides aureas prorectje expansas, &- alteram alteri impositas summitate scuti
" muris Armeniae velleris impressa, &• itidem leone exeunte rubro adornata."
Plate II. fig. 33. This author latins barnacles, postomides, -to distinguish them
from the bird barnacle, (known with us by the name ,of cleg-geese) latined b ami-
da. This bird, says our author, he never met with in arms, but in these of Sir
WILLIAM BERNACKE, in Leicestershire, viz. urgent, a fesse between three barnacles
sable, which were in allusion to the name. Menestrier, in his Abrege Metbodique
des Armories, calls the instruments barnacles, broe s, and takes it for an instrument
to break hemp to make it spin, which he says are carried by the name of BROYES,
in France, in allusion to the name, viz. d'azttr a trois broes cTor, etendues en face
1'une sur Vautre. Plate II.

The family of BUTET, in Savoy, carries three buttets in allusion to the name,
that is, three instruments wherewith Farriers pare the hooves of horses. Menes-
trier.

The name of KYLE, with us, or, three candlesticks sable. Mackenzie's He-
raldry.

The name of WRIGHT, in Scotland, azure, three carpenters' axes argent. Ibid.
Plate II. fig. 34.

JOHN SHUTTLEWORTH of Newbehall, in Yorkshire, argent, three weavers' shuttles
sable, tipped and furnished with their quills of yarn or.

The name of WEBSTER, argent, a fesse between three weavers' shuttles gules,
tipped and furnished with quills of yarn or. Plate II. fig. 35. For such like me-
chanical instruments, and musical ones, such as fiddles, drums, &-c. are seldom or
never carried by our gentry or nobility. See Guillim, Morgan, and other English
herald books of blazons.

So much then for armorial figures in their different kinds, and various terms and
attributes, as methodically as I could perform.

OF ARTIFICIAL THINGS.

Having omitted some, ami others of late, who have applied t>, have their a,
and memorials of their families inserted, after I have treated of such tigurv-
they carry in their arms; so that I could not place them according to the method
of this treatise, these not having occurred to me when I printed exam ,di

figures, 1 was obliged here to add them before I put an end to this volume.

Mr JOHN MITCHLL of Addiston, in Mid-Lothian, carries sable, a cheveron, ac-
companied with three m ; crest, a stalk of wheat bladed and erected in
pale, proper: motto, Crew, as in Workman's Manuscripts, and Plate of Ac hi-
ments.

The family of CRAiour.Ao, who have been in use to write their name Mit-
chel, and are of a good old standing, and of whom there are severals of the
name descended of them in the West of Scotland. Alexander Mitchel of Craig-
head mia-rivd a daughter of Glass of Goldhenhoof, which family is now designed of
Sauchie. Their son, Mr Thomas Mitchel, married Anna Graham, sister to Sir
William Graham of Gartmore, baronet. Their son and successor is Mr John
Mitchel of Acliston, who carries the above blazon, (Lyon Register) as lineal repre-
senter of the family of Craighead ; he married Isabel, sister to William Borthwick
of Johnstonbarn, formerly designed of Falahall, and has with her two sons, Walter
and William Mitchels.

CHANCELLOR, of Shieldhill, carries or, a linn rampant sable, armed and langued

. a i-li'.of azure, three mullets of the first; crest, an eagle dispi >le: '

motto, QJC fe surni'iKt,: L. R.

As for the documents of this family, the oldest one in the custody of the present
Chancellor of Shieldhill, which is a charter of confirmation granted by Thomas
S-u'nervel Domains BaronuK de Carnivath, to George Chancellor of Quodquan, of half
ol the lands of Quodquan; upon the said George his resignation of these lands, to
be holden of the said Lord Somerville, as freely and honourably as his predecessors
held the same of his lordship's predecessors, dated the 6th of March 1434. George
Chancellor was succeeded by his son Alexander, and he got a new charter of the"
above lands from John Lord Somerville, in anno 1460; his son and heir, George
Chancellor, gets a charter from his superior the Lord Somerville of those lands,
1472, wherein he is designed, Nobilis Vir Georgius Chanceler Dominus de Quodquan.
He married a daughter of Ramsay of Dalhousie, and had with her a son, William,
who was infeft and seised in the above lands, 1477: He had to wife Janet, daugh-
ter of Geddes of Rachan and Kirkurd, an old family in Tweeddale. He was suc-
ceeded by his son John, who was infeft the nth of April 1493, and his son and
heir, Robert, nas infeft in the above lands 1529; he married Elizabeth, daughter
of Brown of Coalston; and their son, William, was infeft the 26th of March 1533;
he was designed of Quodquan. He had by his wife Margaret, a daughter of Ha-
milton of Dalserf, William Chancellor; he obtained decreet before the Lords of
Council and Session, 1566, against Denholm of Westshields, and Inglis of East-
shield, for non-entry duties, they being both vassals, and still continue. He mar-
ried Agnes, a daughter of Sir James Hamilton of Crawfurdjohn, Baron of Evandale,
and with her had Robert Chancellor; he took the title only of Shieldhill, and by
Agnes Symington was father of John, who was infeft in the above lands 1605; he
married Catharine, daughter of Gavin Hamilton of Raploch, and of Jean lu's wife,
daughter and one of the co-heirs of Sir Thomas Dishington of Ardross, and with
her had Robert his son, heir and successor, who signalized himself in loyalty for
King Charles 1. and II. and had the happiness to see the happy Restoration, before
he died, in the year 1660, leaving issue by Jean his wife, daughter of Sir James
Lockhart of Lee, and Jean Auchinleck, daughter of Sir George Auchinleck of
Balmanno, an ancient family in Perthshire, James Chancellor of Shieldhill. who
succeeded his father, and was infeft in the year 1664; he died in 1704. and all his
children, and was succeeded by his brother John, the present laird of Shieldhill,
who has issue by his wife Jean, daughter of Sir James Agnew of Lochnaw, and
carries the above arms, as in Plate of Achievements.

MAITLAND of Pittrichie, is an ancient cadet of the Maitlands of Thirlestane,
(now Lauderdale) whose second son, upwards of 300 years ago, married the heiress
of Schives, alias Gight, in Vlcecom. de Aberdeen', which fortune they possessed for
a long time, and some of them were knighted, particularly Sir Patrick Maitland of

432 OF ARTIFICIAL THING .->.

Gight, whose daughter was married to Pitlurg : But they having contracted deb:*
and unwarily secured their creditors on their lands, which, by the tenure, wa •
ward, or holden by knight-service of the crown, a son of the family of Gordon
procured a gift of recognition of the estate of Gight; so that they were restricted
to a small share of their former inheritance, a part of which does however still re-
main with them, beside their late purchases. They have since, it seems, removed
their seaf to Pittrichie, and by it they take their designation. Their arms are, or,
a lion rampant gules, couped at all joints of the field, within a bordure cheque, argent
and azure \ crest, a lion's head erased gules : motto, Poix & pew*. Lyon Register.

EDWAKD MAXWELL of Hills, in Galloway, carries argent, a saltier sable, betwixt
a mullet in chief, and a crescent in base gules, impaled with the arms of his lady,

Goldie, daughter of Goldie of Craigmuie, viz. argent, a cheveron gules,

betwixt three trefoils slipped vert; which arms are adorned with helmet and mant-
lings befitting his quality, and on the wreath of his tinctures; for crest, a roebuck,
proper, attired argent, cmicbant before a holly bush, proper: motto, Reviresto;
supported on the dexter by a roebuck, and on the sinister by a savage, all proper.
Upon the old house of Hills, are to be seen in several places, upwards of 150 years,
(as I am certainly informed) the arms of the family cut out upon stone, having
only the saltier for Maxwell ; and in other places, quartered with the arms of
Herries, the three urcheons : The first mentioned are supported with two roebucks,
and the List, which belonged to the present laird his father's great-grandfather,
supported by two savages, all proper ; and the present Edward Maxwell of Hills
carries them supported ; for which see Plate of Achievements.

The first of this family was Herbert Maxwell, a younger son of John, master of
Maxwell of Carlaverock, and his lady, Janet Crichton, daughter to George Earl of
Caithness. This John, the master, died before his father, Robert, the first Lord
Maxwell, who was killed at the battle of Bannockburn with King James III. and
was succeeded by his grandchild John Lord Maxwell, the son of the said master,
elder brother of the abovementioned Herbert; from John the master are descend-
ed the earls of Nithsdale, the lairds of Hills, and several others, of whom before,
page 137.

EDWARD GOLDIE of Craigmuie, in the stewartry of Galloway, originally from
England, carries argent, a cheveron gules, betwixt three trefoils slipped vert; crest,
a garb or : motto, ^uid utilins.

JOHN SYMMER, Merchant in Edinburgh, and Accomptant to the Equivalent,
carries as his predecessors, as in the Plate of Achievements, viz. urgent, an oak tree
eradicate, proper, placed bend-sinister-ways, surmounted of a bend-dexter gules,
charged with three crosses couped or, all within a bordure of the third; crest, a
stag lodged or, attired gules: motto, Tandem t ranquiUus. ' He being the son of
Robert Symmer, Esq. the son of Lieutenant-Colonel Paul Symmer of Megie, a
younger son of the old family of Symmer of Balzordie: Which Paul adhered to
his sovereigns King Charles I. and II. and was at the battle of Worcester for King
Charles II. Upon the hearing of his Majesty's Restoration, he was one of the first
persons who proclaimed him king over the cross of Aberdeen, who from his Ma-
jesty got a charter of the lands of Pitmuckston, near to Aberdeen, with the office of
Mair of Fee of the sheriffdom of Aberdeen, with the lands pertaining to the said
office ; which were ratified and recorded in the second session of the first Parlia-
ment of King Charles II. in the year 1662.

I have given before the arms of M'MiLLAN, out of the old books of blazons; but
since I have met with the old writs of Andrew M'Millan of Arndarach, in the
barony of Earlston, amongst which I find his seal of arms appended to a right of
reversion in the year 1569. I shall here blazon it, viz. a saltier, and in base a
crescent. As for the tinctures they cannot be learned by seals; the figures seem
to be taken from the superiors, Sinclairs of Earlston, or the Maxwells. I find by
their writs, they have been in Galloway in the reign of King Robert IIL

LADDER, of Bass carried gules, a griffin salient, within a double tressure counter-
flowered argent ; crest, a solan-goose sitting on a rock, proper : motto, Sub umbra
alarum tuarum; by some books supported by two lions: But upon an old stone In

* This supposed to be Palx iy peu. E^

OF ARTIFICIAL THINGS. 433

the church of North-Berwick, the above arms are supported with two angels,
proper, as in Plate of Achievements.

And also, in the aisle of the lairds of Bass, in the old church of North-Berwick,
where they were interred, there is a tomb-stone, whereupon are cut, in Saxon
letters, these words, Hie jacet Bus. (i. e. bonus) Robertus Lander THUS. (i. e.
Dus. (Dominus~) de Congleton et le Bass, qui obiit mense Maii; some read,
;ind others read, MCCCCXI.

This family continued in a lineal descent till the reign of King Charles I. 1
aid before, page 344, that the family was extinct i but, upon better information, 1
find the nearest branch is Lauder of Beilmouth, now reprelfenter of the family of
Bass, as appears by several certificates under the hands of several gentlemen of
probity, that Robert Lauder, a younger son of Sir Robert Lauder of Bass, got from
his father part of the lands of Beilhaven and West-Barns; and Robert was suc-
ceeded by his son Maurice in these lands, which Maurice was the father of Alex-
ander Lander.

I have seen a charter of these lands granted by King James VI. of the date 1594.
*o the said Alexander Lauder, and his eldest son George: Which George Lauder
grants a disposition and charter in the year 1666, of the lands of Beilhaven and
West-Barns, to his eldest son Robert, procreate betwixt him and his wife Eliza-
beth Lauder: Which Robert grants a charter to his eldest son, Mr Robert Lauder,
procreate betwixt him and his wife Mary, daughter of Patrick Douglas of Stand-
ingstone, in the year 1672. Mr Robert, afterwards Sir Robert Lauder, designed
of Beilmouth, father of Archibald, father of the present Robert Lauder of Beil-
mouth, the eighth person of the family in a lineal descent.

I did see the above evidents in Robert's custody, whose great-grandfather re-
corded his armorial bearing in the Lyon Register thus:

" ROBERT LAUDER, Portioner of Beilhaven and West-Barns, descended of the
" family of the Bass, bears gules, a griffin salient, within a double tressure flowered
" and counter-flowered argent, the same with Bass ; and charges the breast of the
" griffin with a heart ensigned with an imperial crown, all proper, for his differ-
" ence, upon account his wife was a Douglas; crest, the trunk of an old tree bud-
" ding, proper: motto, Repullulat."

Captain DAVID SCOTT, Baron of Hundleshope, in the shire of Tweeddale, carries
as below, being lineally descended of John Scott, a younger son of Scott of Thirle-
stane, who purchased the lands of Hundleshope, and was infeft therein in the year
1590.

I have seen an act of curatory, in the year 1625, for John Scott, son and heir of
the deceased John Scott of Hundleshope, where Sir Robert Scott of Thirlestane,
knight, as nearest of kin on the father's side, and William Burnet of Barns on
the mother's side, are called with several other friends, and Sir John Stewart of
Traquair, predecessor of the present Earl of Trarjuair, is chosen one of the cu-
rators.

From the above John Scott of Hundleshope is lineally descended the present
Captain David Scott of Hundleshope, who carries the paternal coat of Scott of
Thirlestane, viz. or, on a bend azure, a mullet pierced betwixt two crescents of the
first, all within a bordure of the second, for his difference; and, for crest, a right
hand issuing out of the wreath, holding a lance, all proper: motto, I am ready; as
in Plate of Achievements.

These of the surname of DUFF are thought to have derived their descent and
name from the M'Duffs, Thanes of Fife, though they differ in armorial bearings,
as many have done, though of the same stock, not only here, but in other nations,
who have both changed name and arms, as I have formerly shown in the Essay of
the Ancient and Modern Use of Arms.

The principal family of the name was DUFF of Craighead in Hcecomitatu de
Banff.

In our ancient books of blazon their arms are illuminated by Mr Workman, an old
herald, thus, parted per fesse, vert and gules, a fesse dancette argent, betwixt a
hart's head cabossed, with a pheon betwixt his attire, and two escalops of the last
in chief, and in base another pheon of the same.

434 OF ARTIFICIAL THINGS.

The like blazon of the name is to be found in other manuscripts, as that of Mr
Pont's, in my custody.

Thereafter the same family was designed Duff of Keithmore. And ALEXANDER
DUFF of Keithmore has his arms matriculated in the Lyon Register, since the year
1663, as being lineally descended from, and then representing the family of Craig-
head, thus, vert, a fesse dancette ermine, betwixt a buck's head cabossed in chief,
and two escalops in base or; crest, a buck's head, proper: motto, Virtute i$ opera.

This Alexander was father to Alexander Duff, who designed himself of Braco,
as did thereafter his only son the deceased William Duff; and they, and their re-
presentative, WILLIAM DUFF, now of Braco, have been in use, as chiefs of the name,
to support their arms with two savages, wreathed about the head and middle with
laurel, holding branches of trees in their hands, all proper.

In the Lyon Register are also recorded the arms of WILLIAM DUFF, a third son
of the family of Craighead, whose representative I take to be DUFF of Drum-
mure, being thus; vert, a fesse dancette, betwixt a buck's head cabossed in chief,
and a mullet in base or, for his difference ; and, for motto, Omnia fortune com-
mitto.

There are several other branches of the principal family, such as the Duffs of
Dipple, Craigston, Hatton, Iden, Tulloch, &-c. who carry the above arms with
suitable differences.

Mr JAMES ANDERSON, Writer to his Majesty's Signet, a learned antiquary, by
his patent of arms, carries, azure, a saltier argent, between three stars in chief, and
flanks, and a crescent in base or; crest, a crescent as the last: motto, Gradatim.
For which see Plate of Achievements.

The surname of LYON is ancient with us, who carry a lion rampant, as relative
to the name.

Sir George Mackenzie, and Sir Patrick Lyon of Carse, in their Manuscripts,
with others, bring them from the family of De Lyons in France, originally from
the ancient Leons in Rome, who had for their armorial bearing a lion.

A branch of those in France accompanied William the Conqueror to England,
and some of them afterwards came to Scotland with King Edgar, son of Mal-
com III. and got from that king sundry lands in the shire of Perth, which were
called after their name Glen-Lyon.

Sir George, in his above Manuscript, says he has seen a charter granted by King
Edgar to the monks in Dunfermline, the yth year of his reign ; and, amongst the
witnesses, next after David the king's brother, and Gilmichael Earl of Fife, is
mentioned Secher de Lyon, before Philippus Camerarius Regis, and other persons of
good quality.

Joannes de Lyon is witness in a charter granted by King William to Philip de
Seton, of the lands of Seaton, Winton and W inchburgh.

John de Lyon, who lived in the reign of King David II. got from that king se-
veral baronies in the shires of Perth and Aberdeen, propter fortem \3 fidelem operam
iibi et patri suo prastitam.

He was succeeded by his son Sir JOHN LYON, commonly called the Wlrite Lion,
for his complexion, a man of good parts and qualities, a great favourite of King-
Robert II. who gave to him the Thanedom of Glammis in the shire of Forfar, for
his good services, as the charter bears of the date yth January 1373, pro laudabili
ct Jideli servitio, ac continuis laboribus; which charter was confirmed to him by
John Earl of Carrick, (designed therein P rimogenitus Regis Scotia;) Robert Earl of
Fife, and Alexander Lord Badenoch; he was High Chamberlain of Scotland, and
got the keeping of the castle of Edinburgh for life. He married Lady Jean, the
king's daughter, and with her got a grant of the castle and dominion of Kinghorn,
nomine dotis, as the several charters of these lands and others bear, wherein he is
designed Cbarissimo nostro filio Joanni Lyon, militi. Gainer ario nostro Scotia;.

In remembrance of which marriage, he, or his successors, had a grant of the
double tressiire, surrounding the lion, as the custom then was to be given to those
who married with the daughters of the royal family, or were descended from them :
And further, to represent the marriage, took for crest, a lady in bust, circled about
with a garland of bays, holding in her right hand a thistle, proper, the badge of
Scotland.

OF ARTIFICIAL THINGS. 435

Their son was John, who being young at his father's death, his grandfather the
king took him into his own immediate care and protection, with ail ins fortune
and goods. He married Mary, daughter of Patrick Graham Earl ol'Strathcrn, by
whom he had

Patrick, his son and heir, who was one of the hostages sent to England for the
ransom of King James I. He married a daughter of Sir Alexander Ogilvie of
Auchterhouse, by whom he had three sons, Alexander his successor, John and
William : Of the last were descended the Lyons of Easter and \Vester-Ogil.

Which Alexander dying without issue, was succeeded by his brother, the above-
named John, who married a daughter of Sir John Scrymgcour, constable of Dun-
dee: By her he had John Lord Glammis, and David Lyon, the first of the family of
Cossins.

John had two sons, George and John; George dying young, was succeeded by
his brother John, who married Jean, daughter or I.. .liter of Angus ; and

was succeeded by his son, John Lord Glammis, who married a daughter of William
Earl Marischal, and with her had John his successor, and Sir Thomas Lyon of
Auldbar, Lord High Treasurer of Scotland, in the minority of King Jame5 VL

John Lord Glammis succeeded his father, a man of great parts and learning; he
was preferred to be Lord High Chancellor of Scotland, 1575, but was unfortunately
killed by a pistol-shot in a tumult upon the streets of Stirling, -jth of March 1577,
to the great lamentation of the king and kingdom. He left behind him by hi.->
lady, a daughter of Alexander Lord Abernethy of Salton, Patrick his son and heir,
and several daughters.

Patrick was created Earl of Kinghorn by King James VI. in the year 1606.
He married Anne, daughter of John first Earl of Tullibardine, by whom he had
John his successor, James Lyon of Auldbar, Frederick, of whom are the Lyons of
Brigton, and a daughter married to William Earl of Errol.

John his son, second Earl of Kinghorn, married first a daughter of John Earl of
Marr, by whom he had no issue. And, secondly, he married Elisabeth, daughter
of Patrick first Earl of Panmure, by whom he had

Patrick his son and successor, who, by the favour of his Majesty King Charles II.
got a new patent of honour, to be styled Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorn. He
married Helen, daughter of John first Earl of Middleton, by whom he had John
Earl of Strathmore, who married Elisabeth, daughter of Philip Stanhope Earl of
Chesterfield, of the Kingdom of England, by whom he had several sons and daugh-
ters, and Charles the present Earl of Strathmore.

The achievement of this ancient and noble family, is, argent, a lion rampant
azure, armed and langued gules, within the double tressure, flowered and counter-
llowered of the last ; crest, a lady to the girdle, holding in her right hand the
Royal Thistle, and inclosed within a circle of laurels, proper; in memory of the
honour that family had in marrying King Robert II. 's daughter, with the motto,
In te, Doniine, speravi; as Sir George Mackenzie, in his Science, page 96.
having gained the affection of King Robert II.'s daughter, he was much crossed in
his match; but having at last obtained her, he took that crest, and the motto re-
lative to it, supported on the dexter by an unicorn argent, armed, maned, and
unguled or, and on the sinister by a lion rampant gules: Both which creatures do
belong to the royal achievement. See Plate of Achievements.

Having before treated of the lion, in all its various positions, I did, in page 283,
give a memorial of two old families of the name of M'Dowall, according to the
documents then shown me ; amongst which I now understand, that the bond of
man-rent there mentioned, to have been given by John M'Dowall of Logan to
Uthred M'Dowall of Garthland, with the alleged descent of Garthland's family, are
very much controverted upon reasons contained in a protest taken by Robert
M'Dowall of Logan, against Alexander M'Dowall of Garthland, and another protest
lately taken against myself.

The said Logan, since that time, has produced the following documents, viz. an
instrument dated at Kilstay, the 8th of March 1579, in these words, " The whilk
" day, compeared personally an honourable man, Patrick MacDoual of Logan, and
" did deliver possession to Uthred MacDoual of Garthland, administrator, tutor,

436 OF ARTIFICIAL THINGS.

" guider, and governor to John MacDoual appearand of Logan, of the lands, tene
" ments, and haill goods and gear of Kilstay," &c.

And likewise I have seen an old tack of the lands of Auchzeilland, lying in the
lordship of Logan, (so worded) by Uthred M'Dowall of Logan, to Thomas M'Kelly,
for nineteen years, upon the yearly payment of two merks and a half; which
lands are now worth an hundred, and are known by the name ot Boal-Kelly,
which signifies in Irish, Kelly's Town, having taken their name from the above-
mentioned Kelly. This tack is upon vellum, and of a very old date.

After perusal of the documents produced by both families, and weighing the
arguments of each, it is difficult to judge, nor can it be determined, which of the two
is to be reputed the principal family; which is likewise asserted by Mr Richard
Hay, a known antiquary here, as appears by his certificate the 22d of March last,
who had the perusal, it seems, of the documents of both families.

If in this treatise I have done any gentleman injustice, which is far from my
purpose, I am ever willing, upon conviction, to repair him in the next volume :
But I hasten to a conclusion of this.

MAXWELL of Kirkconnel, quarterly, first and fourth argent, an eagle displayed
sable, beaked and membred gules; and, on its breast, an escutcheon of the first,
charged with a saltier of the second, for Maxwell ; second and third azure, two
crosiers in saltier adosse, and in chief, a mitre or, for Kirkconnel of that Ilk; crest,
an eagle issuing out of a wreath of his tinctures, with the motto, Spero melivra\ as
in the Lyon Register and Plate of Achievements.

Kirkconnel of that Ilk is mentioned in Prynne's History, page 654, amongst
those who submitted to Edward King of England, there designed Thomas de Kirk-
connel.

This family, about the year of God 1421, ended in an heiress, Janet Kirkconnel,
who was married to Homer Maxwell, a second son of Herbert Lord Maxwell, and
had issue ; and ended again in another heiress, who was married to Thomas, second
son to Robert Lord Maxwell, of whom is lineally descended the present William
Maxwell of Kirkconnel, who carries the above arms.

BONTEIN, or BUNTING, of Milldovan, in Dumbartonshire, descended of Bunting
of Ardoch, in the same shire, carries as Ardoch ; and, for his difference, ingrails the
bend, viz, argent, a bend ingrailed, gules, betwixt three bunting-birds, proper ; and,
for his crest, an armillary sphere; with the motto, Soli Deo Gloria. See Plate of
Achievements.

BONTEIN of Boglass in Stirlingshire, descended of Bontein of Milldovan,
carried as Milldovan, with a difference : But Milldovan having married with the
heiress of Balglass, they are now become one family, and so carry the same arms.

BONTEIN of Geilston, in Dumbartonshire, also descended of Bontein of Mill-
dovan, carries as Milldovan, with a difference.

BUCHANAN of Carbeth, in Stirlingshire, descended of Buchanan of that Ilk, car-
ries or, a lion rampant sable, armed and langued gxles, holding in his dexter paw
a ducal cap, tufted on the top, with a rose of the last, all within a double tressure
flowered and counter-flowered of the second ; crest, a dexter hand holding a
shabble bend-ways, proper: motto, Audacia y Industria. See Plate of Achieve-
ments.

I have given before, page in, the blazon of GLENDONWYN of that Ilk, as in Sir
George Mackenzie's Science of Heraldry, and in Mr Font's Manuscript of arms ;
but, having since seen some evidents of the family, I shall here mention them.

Adam Glendonwyn of that Ilk, in Eskdale, obtains of old a charter from John
Megill, (or M'Gill) de eodem of the lands of Clifton in the shire of Roxburgh; the
onerous cause for granting the said charter, is, Pro suo auxilio \3 concilio; he was
succeeded by his son,

Sir Adam Glendonwyn of that Ilk, who, in the year 1313, gets a discharge of his
feu-duties, from Archibald Douglas Lord of Galloway; as also, a charter from
King Robert the Bruce, the I4th year of his reign, of the feu and castle-ward
duties of Scarburgh, payable to the castle of Roxburgh; and from the same king,
in the ipth year of his reign, Sir Adam procures a charter of confirmation of his
lands of Falshop in Roxburghshire, and several other lands lying in the forest of
Jedworth.

OF ARTIFICIAL THINGS.

437

Sir Simeon Glendonwyn of that Ilk, a famous and brave country-man, got fi
Archibald L'url of Douglas and Galloway the lands of Witliim-Glencorse, and se-
\(jral others, as appears by the charters of the family, with the bailiary of the re-
gality of Eskdale: He had for his wife Mary Douglas, daughter to the said Earl.
His son and successor was Simeon Glendonwyn, father of Bartholomew Glendunwyn,
father of John, as by an account which I had from the present rcpreH-nter of the
family; and that the family resided at Parton in the Me wart ry of Kirkcudbright ;
from which afterwards they took the designation from the lands of 1'arton. And
their descent runs thus:

Which John was father of Ninian, who married Janet Dunbar; their son, John,
married a daughter of Gordon of Lochinvar, who hud issue, Alexander, married to
a daughter of Gordon of Troquhane ; and their son was Robert, who had for wife a
daughter of Maxwell Lord Herries; and their son, John, was succeeded by his son
Robert of Parton, who married Agnes Herries, of the family of Mabie, and with
her had only a daughter, Agnes Glendonwyn, heiress of Parton, who was married to
James Murray of Conhcath, who takes upon him the name and arms of Glendon-
wyn, and has issue a son, Robert Glendonwyn. The arms of the family are, quar-
terly, argent and sable, a cross parted per cross indented, and counter-changed of
the same ; crest, the sleeve of a coat upon the point of a sword : motto, Have faith
in Christ. The same arms are to be seen carved upon their seat in the church of
Parton, in the year 1598; but there are placed several other figures on the cantons,
which the cross makes ; on the first a goat's head, on the second a sword in bend-
sinister, on the third a boar's head, and on the fourth a fesse cheque, and in chief
the sleeve of a coat, as by a draught of them sent to me by Mr James Ro\\
minister in the parish church of Parton.

DUNBAR of Machrimore, in Galloway, descended from the Dunbars of Enter-
kin, a branch of the old family of Dunbars Earls of March. The first of this fa-
mily who came to Galloway, was a second son of Enterkinn commonly called Long
John of Enterkin; his son, Anthony Dunbar, was the first that purchased the
barony of Machrimore from the M'Dowalls,. old possessors of these lands, in the
year 1623; he married a daughter of Stewart of Phisgill, and with her had a son,
John Dumbar, his successor, who married a daughterof John M'Dowall of Logan; his
son and successor, Patrick Dunbar, was a member of Parliament for the stewartry
of Galloway, in the reigns of King William and Queen Anne. He married a
daughter of M'Dowall of Freugh; his son and successor is the present Alexander
Dunbar of Machrimore, married to a daughter of John Hamilton of Bardanoch,
late bailie of his Majesty's palace of Holyroodhouse.

The family of Machrimore has been in use to carry for arms, gules, a lion ram-
pant or, surmounted of a bend azure, charged with three cushions of the second,
all within a bordure argent, charged with eight cinquefoils of the first; crest, a
lion's head erased, crowned with an open crown or: motto, Fortis 13 fulelis; as in
Plate of Achievements.

The ensign-armorial of THOMAS BROWN of Bonyton, in Mid-Lothian, near Edin-
burgh, is, or, on a cheveron betwixt three flower-de-luces azure, a besantofthe
first; crest, a ship under sail, proper: motto, Caute fc? sedule. L. R. and in Plate
of Achievements.

ANDERSON of Whitebrough, argent, on a saltier betwixt four stars azure, the
sun in its splendour, proper; crest, a crescent argents motto, Ut crescit clarescit.

CAMBBELL of Inveraw, commonly called MACKCONACHIE or MACK.DONACHIE of In-
veraw, being a patronimical appellation, as the offspring or son of Duncan; who,
it seems, was the first descended from the ancient family of Argyle, before that
noble family married the heiress of Lorn, and so bear only gironnt of eight, or and
sable, within a bordure waved azure, and charged with eight salmons naiant
argent, for difference, in reference to the river of Awe, upon which their lands and
houses lie, which runs out of Lochow, where they have a considerable salmon
fishing; crest, a hart's head, proper, in regard of the forest, or deer they have in
the great mountain of Cruachan.

Of this family are several branches, viz. Alexander Campbell of Kilmartin, Dou-
gal Campbell of Shirvan, Colonel Patrick Campbell of the Horse-Guards, Captain
Alexander Campbell of Brigadier Stanwix's Regiment, and many others,

43 S OF ARTIFICIAL THINGS.

The arms of BRUCE of Ear] shall, in Fife, I gave before in page 143, being or, a
saltier and chief gules, and in the collar point a flower-de-luce azure; which last
figure was allowed them not only as differences from other families of the name,
but also shows their military prowess performed in France, where they got several
lands; and afterwards, in the reign of King James IV. purchased the barony of
Earlshall in Fife, where their arms above blazoned are to be seen, painted and en-
graven on several parts of the house, with their exterior ornaments, viz. for crest,
a horse's head and neck bridled, issuing out of the wreath; and, for motto, Be true;
supporters, t\vo savages, wreathed about the head and middle with laurel, all pro-
per: And upon the compartment, whereupon the supporters stand, are these words,
Contemno IS or/to, mentc £? manu, as upon a stone over the head of the entry to the
house, and the same upon the chimney-piece of the high gallery, with an inscrip-
tion relative to the arms, the date 1546. Likewise, upon the tomb-stone of Sir
Alexander Bruce of Earlshall, where he is interred in the church of Leuchars,
with the date 1584: So that the family lias been in an ancient usage of using
supporters. The family is now dissolved in an heiress, Mrs Helen Bruce, lineally
descended of the family of Earlshall, married to David Baillie, Esq. son to Mr
James Baillie of Hardington, who takes upon him the name and arms of Bruce of
Earlshall.

Sir MARK. CARSE of Fordelcarse, as in the Lyon Register, carried argent, on a
saltier vert, betwixt four cross croslets fitche gules, five crescents of the first; crest,
a crescent surmounted of a cross ctoslet Jitfbt or: motto,

Sir Mark purchased the lands of Cockpen, in Mid-Lothian, from which the fa-
mily takes now their designation. The present Carse of Cockpen is

grandson of the said Sir Mark.

•CARSE of Falconhouse, an old family in the shire of Linh'thgow, though now ex-
tinct, (there are severals of the name descended from it) carried argent, a falcon
perching on the trunk of an old tree, all proper, within a bordure -vert; crest, a
falcon's head: motto, Velocitate.

MUIRHEAD of Lauchop, argent, on a bend azure, three acorns or; crest, two
hands supporting a sword erect in pale, proper: motto, Auxilio Dei; being the
principal family of them, and of a very old standing.

MUIRHEAD of Stanhope, descended of Lauchop, argent, on a bend azure, a mullet
between two acorns or. The mullet is for his difference, as in Sir George Mac-
kenzie's Science of Heraldry.

MUIRHEAD of Bredisholm, as a second son of the family of Lauchop, bears as
Lauchop above, with a crescent for difference, as in the Lyon Register.

But to conclude this volume, I shall speak a little to the label, and its use in
armories, not having treated of it before.

The label, or lambel, is taken for a piece of silk, stuff, or linen, with pendants.
Robert Glover, Somerset Herald, in his book De Origine Armorum, says, " Diffe-
•' rentia principalis est labellus, ceu lingula cum pendulis &- appendicibus impari-
•' bus; simplex, & quandoque rebus onustus," i. e. the principal difference is the
label, as a string with points, or pendants, of odd number, sometimes plain, and
sometimes charged. Sir Henry Spelman, in his Aspilagia, page 140, says, " Lam-
" bellus coronas pnrfert similitudinem, lemniscis ex ea dependentibus; quam ideo
" primogenito assignatam dixeris, quia familiae decus, sic praeexornandus videatur,"
I. e. the label with points is like a coronet ; and, therefore, assigned to the eldest
MII, that, as he is the glory of the family, he may seem to be adorned above the
rest.

The French take it for a scarf, or ribbon, which young men wore anciently about
the neck of their helmets, (as we now do cravats) with points hanging down, when
they went to the wars, or to military exercises in company with their lathers, by
which they were distinguished from them.

To the eldest son, in his father's lifetime, was assigned a label with three points,
plain: But if his grandfather was living, says Gerard Lee, a label with five points.
The label is always placed on the upper part of the shield, the chief, or collar
points of the shield, and sometimes also, by our heralds, upon the exterior, orna-
ments. The traverse part is called the beam, which does not touch the sides of

OF ARTIFICIAL THINGS. 430

she shield, and the pieces that hung down are the point., \vlii
lws, i. e. broad at the ends.

This figure is an ancient difference, or brisure, made use of by ail n
and the heralds who wrote in Latin give thevj u it, vi/.. Icmnisciis i

bcllti, and fnsclculn irifidia\ because its points are ordinarily three, and plain, of
metal or colour, especially when it is used by the elde-i SOB in his father's 1
time.

The plain label is seldom assigned to the younger brother; bu:
male of the eldest brother fails, and the inheritance falls to their daught
their heirs, the younger brother and his issue may use the plain label, as heir i.f
expectance: Of which practice I shall here add one instance with us. Hamilton
Earl of Abercorn, carries, as before, page 384, the arm> of Hamilton, with a plain
label in chief (as by our books of blazons) for his, difference. The first of this
family was I^ord Claud, progenitor to the present Earl of Abercorn, being third
son of James Duke of Chatelherault, and immediate brother to John Marquis of
Hamilton, whose issue-male failing in James and William Duke-, of ll;:;iiilt r,\, the
estate and honours did devolve on Lady Anne, eldest daughter of James Duke of
Hamilton, whose heirs and successors carry the absolute arms of Hamilton, quar-
tered with those of Arran, as also do the Earls of Abercorn, but, for difference,
use a plain label. I shall here add a practice of the same nature, given us by Sir
William Dugdale, Garter Principal King of Arms, in his Treatise of the Ancient
Usage of Anns, page 28, who, speaking of the plain label of three points, tells us
in the following words: " A label being much in use for the heir apparent, (to
" wear as his difference, during his father's life) was seldom removed to the second
" brother, but when the inheritance went into the daughters of the elder brother;
" and then the second was permitted to bear the same, for his dilference, as being
" the heir-male of his family, and as one that remained in expectancy. Yet
" might not the second brother use to intrude himself into the absolute signs of
" his house, (the inheritance being in his nieces, or kinswomen) as appeared in the
" case between Gray of Ruthine and Hastings, which was this:

" John Lord Hastings married to his first wife Isabel, one of the sisters and heirs
" of Almery de Vallence Earl of Pembroke, by whom he had issue, John Hastings,
" (after Earl of Pembroke) and Elizabeth, married to Roger Lord Grey. After
" Isabel's death, John Lord Hastings took a second wife, Isabel, the daughter of
" Hugh Spencer, by whom he had issue, Hugh Hastings and Thomas, and then
" died, and left as his heir, John, his son by his first wife, who was Earl of Pcm-
" broke, erected by reason of his mother's inheritance. Which John Earl of
" Pembroke, married and had issue another Earl of Pembroke, who also married
" and had issue a third Earl of Pembroke. But in the end, all the line of the
" said John Hastings (first Earl of Pembroke of that family j tailing, there arose
" a question between the heirs of Roger Grey, and Elisabeth his wife, (being
" sister of the whole blood) and the heirs of Hugh Hastings (brother of the
" half blood) to the said John Earl of Pembroke, for the inheritance of tlu-
" Hastings.

" But Grey recovering the same, (by the law that sayeth, Possesno fratris de
" feudo siinplici fncit sororern esse haredem} called the said Hastings also (having
" removed the difference for his mark, for that he was the then heir-male ot
" that house) into the Court of Chivalry, and there having a judgment against
" him, the said Hastings was compelled to use a difference (which was a label ot
" silver) upon his mark (that is the paternal figure): Since which, the heirs of
" that younger family have used the said label, even unto this our age.

" So that you may see by this, (says our author) that the law was then taken to
" be such, that such an heir-male as had not the inheritance of his ancestors, should
" not be suffered to bear his mark without distinction; for it should seem, by ;
" that th<. issue of them that had married the heir-general of any family, (b<
" by reason thereof possessed of the lands) had not only an interest in the arm-.
" but might also forbid any man the bearing thereof."

When the label is not plain, but under accidental forms, or charged with figures,
it then shows the bearers to be younger sons, or the descents of such.

I shall here give a few old instances of the practical variety of the label, by

440 OF ARTIFICIAL THINGS.

younger sons in England, and those of the best note. The younger sons of King
Edward III. of that kingdom differenced themselves and their families from one
another, by a label over the imperial arms.

I shall begin with the eldest son. Edward the Black Prince of Wales did bear
his father';; sovereign ensign, viz,. France quartered with England, bruised with a
label of three points argent.

LIONEL PLANTAGENET, third son of King Edward, carried the same arms, and
label; but, to difference himself from his elder brother the prince, made the points
of the label parti, gules and argent. Sylvester Petra Sancta takes notice of this
variety, thus, " Leonellus Plantagenetus tertio genitus Regis Edwardi Tertii, u't
" frangeret regia insignia, turn Gallia, turn etiam Britannia, usus est trifide laciniola
" argenteola, cujus pedes dimidii tantum ostro sunt imbuti."

JOHN of GAUNT, the fourth son of .King Edward, who was Duke of Lancaster, in
right of his wrife the heiress thereof, carried also France and England,- quarterly,
with a label ermine for his difference.

EDWARD of LANGLEY, another son, Duke of YORK, carried the same arms, with
;t iubel argent; but, for difference, charged it with torteauxes gules. These last
two brothers were the founders of the great families of Lancaster and York, whose
devices were the red and white roses, which became badges to their heirs and
followers, in a long and bloody war betwixt these two families; and thereafter,
the badges of the kings of England, as descended from them, by a continued prac-
tice. And since those days, to this day, the label has been used to difference fa-
milies by the greatest in Europe. Amongst many examples, I shall add these.
. THOMAS PLANTAGENET Duke of CLARENCE, second son to King Henry IV. of
England, carried over France and England, quarterly, a label of three points ermine,
with red spots. JOHN Duke of BEDFORD, that king's third son, had his label parted
per pale ; that part which lay over France, wras ermine, and the other half, on the
quarter of England, azure, charged with flower-de-luces.

GEORGE PLANTAGENET, third son to King Edward IV. had a label of five points,
parted per pale ; the beam and two points, and a half argent, each charged with
three torteauxes gules, and the other part of the beam with its points azure,
charged with lioncels or.

HENRY Duke of YORK, second son to King Henry VII. carried over the arms of
England, a label of three points argent, each charged with as many torteauxes
gules.

By this practice we learn, that not only younger brothers, but their sons, made
use of labels, to difference themselves by labels of different tinctures, various attri-
butes and charges, as, others of sovereign families of nobility and gentry were in
use to variegate their bordures, of which I have treated fully in this volume, in all
its varieties, at the title of the Bordure, page 169.

Having thus far treated of all figures, both proper and natural, generally used
in armorial bearings throughout Europe, in their proper terms, significations, and
various blazons, according to their different positions, situations and dispositions
within the shield, I should now have proceeded to the other parts of heraldry
mentioned in my proposals, viz. of additional figures, or marks of cadency; and of
marshalling divers coats in one shield : As also of other figures without the shield,
such as helmets, crowns, mantlings, wreaths, crests, mottos, supporters, &-c. But
the variety of matters already treated of, having swelled the book beyond the num-
ber of sheets mentioned in the proposals, and. to which I was limited by my under-
taker, and finding, that the subjects yet to be treated of will make such another
volume, I am obliged here to break off. And shall, in the subsequent volume, not
only finish the whole Science of Heraldry, but rectify and supply w^hat errors or
defects may have happened in this, especially with respect to memorials of families
in Scotland : And therefore, all who think themselves concerned, are desired to
send in their corrections or additions, with their proper vouchers, in order to render
this work as complete as possible, and to do both themselves and posterity justice.

END OF VOLUME FIRST.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX

OF THE

FIGURES AND TERMS OF BLAZON IN THIS SYSTEM OF

HERALDRY.

Page.

ABAISSE -
Accolle

46, 71

Beasts of the Game 326
Bear - - 320

Caltrapes
Camel

405
33*

Adosse

356

Beaked - - 338

Cabossed

- 328

Affronte

ibid.

Bend 84

Cabre

306

Aiguise

Bendy 90

Cannets

- 35°

Alerions

342

Bendlet - 88

Canele

Allume

3°7> 35<*

Bend-ways 90

Canton

1 86

Aliece

44. 6-1

Bend-sinister - 105

Cantoned

- 139

Anthony's (St) Cross 114

Bend en devise - 88

Caparisons

Anchorie Cross

115

Bcsants - - 217

Cartouch

Annulets

221

Billets and Billette 190

Castles

409

Arms defined

Boar - - 307

Champagne

Argent

Border or Bordure 169

Charged

Armed

338

Bordure invected - 170

Cheque

42, 189.

Arrache

361

Bordure indented - 171

Couche

'57

Artificial Figures

Bordure double indented 171

Chief

Attired

326

Bordure gobonated - 107

In Chief

' ,72

Avellane

118

Bordure Enurny - 172

Chief Couvert

ibid.

Azure

Bordure embattled - 171

Chief Cousu -

. ibid.

Bordure Entoire — 172

Chief Chaperonne

ibid.

Bordure Verdoy - ibid.

Cheveron

148

Bordure purflew - ibid.

Cheverony

156

Banded

367

Bordure Enaluron - ibid.

Chevronells

154, 156

Bar

58, 1 06

Bordure waved - 171

Chcveron-ways

- >57

Barry

Bordure nebule - ibid.

Cheveron couped

- ,56

Bars Gemells

62, 91

Bordure gobonated 172

Cheveron voided

- '52

Bastard Bar

i. 06

Bordure counter-corn-

Cheveron reversed

- »57

Bnrrulets

pone - - ibid.

Cheveron Rompe

- ,56

Baronets Badge

188

Bordure cheque - 173

Churches

- 412

Barbie

357

Bordure quartered - ibid.

Clatte -

- 23

Barbed

347

Bourdonne - 117

Clarinc

332

Baston, or Batton

- 89

Bordure ingrailed - 170

Clarions

406

Bataille

427

Bottony Cross - 117

Cinquefoils

379

Bouttonne

370

Braced - - 157

Closets

Badelaires

^98

Brochante - - 38, 88

Cock -

- 347

Baudrick

Bretesse 22, 46

Cocquel

- 358

Bauteroll

398

Bridges 42

Combell -

Baton sinister

:o6

Burelle - - 62

Contourne

- 3°5

Baton sinister peri

107

Bull ... 332

Couche

Battled, embattled

Buckles - - 401

Couchant

326

INDEX OF TERMS OF BLAZON.

Page.

Corbie, or Raven - 346

Essorant - 342

Page.

Cost - - ~89

Evire - 290

Jelloped - - 347

Cottises 89, 90

Indents - - 22

Cotoye 87

Increscent - - 245

s. - 290

•

Inescutcheon - 181

( 25> 3°3

Fesse 42

Invected - 2 1

Couped 44, 47, in, 327

1'Vsse en devise - 59

Ingniled - - ibid.

Coupe mi-pattee - 29

Fesse transposed, or

Issuant and Naissant 301

Couple-CIoss 156

hausse - 43, 47

Counterly - . 24

Fesse hausse 63

Counter -changed - ibid.

Fesse abaisse - - ibid.

Counter-pointed - 157

Figures prop"r 34

Lamb - 334

Counter-embattled 46, 61

Figures natural - ibid.

Lore - 356

Counter-coined Coats 198

Face Contre - 62

Laurel - 394

Cranes, Herons, &c. 353

Fermailes - - 401

Leaved - - - 370

Crested 347

Field - 13

Lilies of the, Garden 373

Crenelle - - 22, 46

Feathers - - 355

Lilies of the Flag - ibid.

Cross - 109

Fillet 7 1

Lion passant gardant 294

Cross croslet - * 117

Fimbriated - 114

Leopard - - ibid.

Cross pattee 1 1 3

Fishes - - 356

Lion regardant - 293

Clechee Cross 1 1 7

Flanque and Flasque 204

Lionceaux, or Lioncels 300

Cercelee and Resarcclee

Fitche 113, 117

Lodged - - 326

Cross - - 116

Fowls 337

L'un sur 1'autre - 357

Calvary Cross - ibid.

Flower-deJuce - 381

Lymphad - - 413

Crusades 5

Fructed - - 361

Lozengy - - 207

Crescent - - 231

Fruits - - 365

Lozenge - 12, 205

Crescent reversed - 245

Furrs - \ - - 17

Lorraine Cross - 116

Courant - 327

Fleurettee - - 117

Crowns antique - 417

Fret and Frettee - 214

Prases - 388

Fusil 12, 205, 213

Malta Cross - 115

Fusily - - ibid.

Mantele - - 72

Hancette - 22, 46

Manche - - 29, 204

Diapering - - 223

Massacre - 328

Diademate - 338

Martlets - 350

Decked 339

Gemells - - 91

Mascle - 208

Defcudu - 307

Gemels, or Jumels - 62

Mullets 399

Decrescent 245

Garter - 89

Marquette - 339

Deer - •* 326

Garbs - 367

Masoned - 409

Displayed - 338

Gardant and Regardant 293

Meirre 20

flog - - 325

Gideon - - 10

Membred - - 338

Dolphin - - 356

Giron - - 195

Moon 230

Dormant - - 298

Gironette - 409

Moline Cross 1 1 5

Dragon 336

Girony of eight 27, 196

Morne - 289

Ducks - - 350

Goat - - 334

Mond 418

Donjonne - - 409

Gliding - 335

Mouchetures - - 18

Gonfaloniers 10

Gonfanoun - 10, 406

Gorged - - 350

Eagle - - 337

Gringolee, or Guivree . 117

Naiant 356

lets - - 342

Grittie 20

Naissant and Issuant 301

O •*} i

Ecemc - - 157

Girouette - - 409

Nebule - - 22

Effraye 306, 332

Girony of Six - 27

Nuance - - ibid.

Elephant 22

Griffin 343

Nuved - 335

Embattled ibid.

Gules - 14

Number of Armorial

Emeaux 13

Gutts and Gutte - 222

Figures - - 227

Engoule - 134

En pied - - 320

Endorse - 36

Estay - - - 156

Hare ~ 330

Or 14

Escutcheon - 10, 181

Hart - - 328

Oriflam - 373

Escalop - 358
Ermine - 1 8

Haurient - 356
Hawk - - 345

Orle - 1 75
Ordinaries honourable 34

Eradicate - - 361

Hausse . - - '48, 46

Sub-Ordinaries - ibid.

Erased - 303

Humet - 47, 63

Otter -- - - 331

Essonier - 179

Overall - - 38

IXDEX OF TERMS OF BLAZON.

Ox
Owls

Pa;;e.
332
353

Pame, or Pasmc -
Palme

Pairle - 191

In pale - 39, 40

Pallet - 36

Pale-ways 39

Parted per P..lc 24

Parti - - ibid.

Parted p - 25

Parted per Cross - 26
Parted p:-r Bend dexter 26
Parted per liend sinister ibid.
Parted per Pile - 28
Parted per Saltier - 27
Parted per Cheveron - 27
Parti mi-Coupe - 29
Parti Emanche - ibid.
Papelonne - - 223
,int 2941 326

Patee Cross 1 1 3

Pate, or Dove-Tail - 22
Passion Cross - 1 16
Patriarchal Cross - ibid.
Pens - - 355

Pennon - - 10

Pelican 354

Papingoes - - 349
Parrot - - ibid.

Perching - 343

Pi 'on 405

Pile - - - 199
Pignone - 412

Plates 219

Point - 195

Points Equipoles - 189
Pomettee Cross - 117
Potent Cross - 112

Potent counter-potent 1 1 2
Portcullis - 409

Prasin 14

Primrose - - 371
Proper - 14, 15

Purptirc 14, 15

Quarter
On irtcrly
Quaterfoib

Q-

Page.

184
26

392

in, 361

"4
89

Rayonnc

Ragulc

Resarcelee

Ribbon

Rose

Rustre - - 208

Rules for forming Arms

S^ble - 14

Salient - - 290

Sanglier - - 307

Saltier - - 130
Saltier-ways, orin saltier 134

Seme - 24

Segreant - - 343

Seeded - - 370

Serpents 335

Sheep - 334

Shield - •/ 10

Sinople - - 14

Slipped - - 365

Snails - - 335

Stag - 326

Springing - 327

Stalked - - 370

Standard - - 10
Standing at Gaze - 326

Sub-ordinaries - 168

Sun - - 229

Swallow - - 352

Swan - - 350

Surcoat 10

Surmounted - 44

Tau Cross
Tenny
Thistle
Tierces -
Tigee -

- 114

»5

37°
62

Tierce in Bond-sinister 28

Tien-i in I'.ile - ibid.

Tierce in Fosse - ibid.

6 in Bond - ibid.

Tierce in Pile - ibid.

Tierce in Girons arrondi ibid .

Tierce in Mamie ibid.

Tierce in Pairle - ibid.

!'s " " 335

Tinctures - 13

Towers - - 409

Tortoise - 335
Torteaux - 217, 219

Trefoils - - 392

'l':i' .ure - 179

Tranche - - 25

Taillee - - 26

Tr.mgles 62

Treille, or Treillisse 216

Tripping - - 326
Trunked ill, 328, 361

Tournaments - 8

Tynes - 325

Vambraced - 399

Vannet - - 358

Vair - - 19

Voider - - 304
Voided 39, 47, 87, 1 1 1

Vires and Viroles 221

Vole - - 355

Vert - 14

Verget - • 36
Vivre - 22, 46

Unde, or Ondc 22

Urde - - ibid.

Unicorn - 304

Urcheon - - ' 336

Ungulcd - 326

Wavey - - 22

Wolf's Head - 323

Water-Budget - 406

•gsM- -'

• -. -
,

F.MO

THE

INDEX

SURNAMES, COUNTRIES, FAMILIES AND PERSONS, WHOSE ARMS
ARE MENTIONED IN THIS STSTEM>

Page.

A BBATI in France 42

JL\_ Abel m England 216
Abercorn 162

Aber.cromby - 1 60

Abercromby of Birkenbog 1 6 1
Abercromby of Glasshaugh ib.
Abercromby Lord Glassford ib.
Abercromby of Fitternier ib.
Aberdeen - 409

Abemethy 89, 281

Abernethy Lord Salton 282

Abernethy of Mayen - ib.
Abriscourt - 63

Achany of Sorbie 1 29, 328

Auchmoutie - 399

Adam - 129

Adam in England 230

Adamson - - 129

Adamson of Graycrook ib.

Adair of Kinhilt 263

Addison in England - 222
Adinstoun of that lik 123

African Company - 140

Agnew 160, 263

-.v of Lochnaw - 160
Agnew of Locbryan - ib.
Aflardice of that Ilk 44

Allardice of Balmanny 43

Ay ton of that Ilk - 123

Ay ton of Kippo 418, 123

Ayton of Duumure ib.

Ayton of Kinajdy - ib.

Ayton of Inchdarnie - ib.
Aiknv.m - 364

Aikman cf Cairny 364,105

Aikenhead of that Ilk 365

Albany (Duke)

St Albans ^ -

Aldham in England

King Alexander II.'s Seal

Alexander

Alexander of Pitkelly

Alexander of Knockhill

Alexander of Auchmull

Alexander of Boghall

Alexander of Kinglassy

Alison

Allington L. Allington

Alford of Northampton

Algarve in France

Algoe

Allan

Allan of Sauchnell

St Amond

Amerville in England

Andrida in Spain

Anderson

Anderson of Dowhill

Anderson in Aberdeen

Anderson in Westcr-Airder-

breck

Anderson of Stabcross
Anderson in Glasgow
Anderson in Edinburgh
St Andrews See
Andrews

Andrew of Clockmill
Andrew of Nether-' Farvet
Amlrezel in France
Aiublusia in Spain
Angus (Earl)
Annois in France

Page.
264
109

204

- 25
29

3°
ib.

3°» 15?
3°
105, 190

216
261

266

26
215

222
426
140

ib.

ib.
ib.
ib.

ib.
259
140

ib.

ib.
156
259
294

9°

Page.

Annan - - - 133

Anstruther of that Ilk 201

Anstruther of Airdrie - ib.

Antony in England - 204

Aphenry in Wales - ib.

Appenzel in Switzerland 320

Aquitaine , - - 294

Arragon, a Kingdom - 261

Archer - 118

Archie of that Ilk - 68

Arches in England 412

Archibald - 104

Arbuthnot in Montrose 173

Arbuthnot of Fiddes - 1 79

Arbuthnot Vis. of Arbuthnot 256

Arbuthnot of FinJowry ib.

Arbuthnot of Catherlan ib.

Arsie of Arces - 1 86
Armstrongof Mangerton 220,262

Armstrong of Whittock ib.

Armstrong of Parknow ib.

Arragon - - 37

Arnot of that Ilk - 161

Arnot of Feme - - ib.

Arnot of Balcormo - ib

Arnot of Eastrynd - ib.

Arthur Lord Capel - 130

Armilde in Spain - 190

Arquinviiliers in France 224

Armiger - 391;

Arundcl Lord Arundcl 352

St As.iph .'- - 147

Asburnham L. Asburnham 258
Asliton 27, 187

\v in England
Athol (Earls)

307
42

' INDEX OF SURNAMES,

Athell in England

Aitken of Aitkcnside

Aitchison

Aitchison in Pittenweem

Acheson, Sir Archibald

Auchterlony of Kelly

Auchmenan

St Augustine's Order

Auchinleck

Auchinlcck of Balmanno

Austria

Austrasia a Kingdom

Auston

Aylet in England

Babington in England
Bad

Balcaskie -
Baliol - -

Baillie of Majmerhall
Baillie of Walston
Baillie of Jerviswood
Baillie of Lamington
Baillie of Carphin
Baillie of Parbrorh
Baillie of Polkemmet
Baillie of Inshaugy
Baine - -

Baird -

Baird of Auchmedden
Baird of Newbaith
Baird of Saughtonhall
Baker -

Backie of Tankerness
Balnaves -

Balnaves of Hallhill
Balnaves of Carnbody
Bager in England
Balbirny - -

Balderston of that Ilk
Balderston Apothecary
Edinburgh -

Balfour of Balmouth

Balfour of that Ilk

Balfour of Balgarvy

Balfour of Monquhanny

Balfour Lord Burleigh

Balfour of Grange

Balfour of Denmill

Balfour of Forret

Balfour of Randerston

Balfour, Sir Andrew, M. D.

Balfour of Balbirnie

Balfour of Kirkton

Balfour of Carriston

Balfour of Ballo

Balfour of Lalethan

Balcaskie of that Ilk

Ballenden, Lord -

Bane, or Bone

Bangor See

Bannatyne of Corhouse

Bannatyne of Newhall

Bannerman of Elsick

Page.

223

Bannerman, Mr Robert

406

348

Barr in France

339

Barr, or Barry

ib.

Barr, a Dutchy in France

357

ib.

Barret of Avely in England

289

Bari, a Town of Naples '

162

Bassenden

213

266

Baron - -

352

Baron of Kinnaird

ib.

Barber

105

Barber of Mulderg

ib.

214

Barberini in Italy

355

256

Barton

335

222

Barcelona

Barclay of KilHirny

Barclay of Touch

!73

Bardonenche en Dauphine

216

220

Bergamo, a Town of Lombard y 22

416

Barnaby

361

393

Bath and Wells See

'34

'75

Belches of that Ilk

230

Belches of Tofts

ib.

Bellasyse

ib.

Beaux in France

246

247

Beauvais in France

•35

ib.

Badenoch

3°3

ib.

Becourti in France

199

ib.

Bavaria 207,

214

ib.

Baskin of Ord

324

Bassingburn in England

198

3°7

Bailli de Valence

ib.

Baine

324

ib.

Bellingham in England

425

ib.

Bennet 125,

301

'43

Bennet in Poland

ib.

167

Bennet of Grubbet

ib.

Bentinck

126

ib.

Bendish in England

334

ib.

Berengi

334

Bertie Marquis of Lindsay

399

Bertie Earl of Abingdon

124

Bertie Earl of Lindsay

4°5

r in

Berkae in Germany

ib.

Berwick, Duke

'73

251

Bern Switzerland 320,

333

166

Berkley

IJ3

ib.

Barclay of Cullerny

124

ib.

Barclay of Garthie

ib.

Barclay of Towie

ib.

Barclay of Kippo

ib.

Barclay of Mathers

ib.

Barclay of Touch

ib.

167

Barclay of Pearston

ib.

.D.

ib.

Barclay of Johnston

ib.

Barclay of Balmakeuan

ib.

Bethune

209

ib.

Bethune of Balfour

ib.

Bethune of Creigh

2IO

ib.

Bethune of Bandon

ib.

Bethune of Blebo

ib.

327

Bethune of Longhermiston

ib.

265

Bethune of Nether-Tarvit

ib.

223,

401

Bethune

112

Botreaux in England

335

ib.

Beatson of Contle

141

•

406

Beville in England

332

Pago.

Beversham - 126

Bighlam - 34

Bickerton of Luffness - 341
Bickerton of that Ilk - ib.
Biggar . 104

Binning of that Ilk 100

Binning of Easter-Binning ib.
Binning of Walliford - ib.
Binning of Carlowrie-hall ib.
Binning of Pilmuir - 429
Bisset - 91

Bisset of Beaufort ib.

Bisset of that Ilk - - ib.
Bisset in England - -ib.

Bisset of Lessendrum ib.

Bisset of Fairnyfleet - ib.
Biscay 323

Beranger in France 108

Birnie of Saline - - 265
Birnie of Broomhill - . ib.
Elackadder of Tulliallan 371

Blackadder of that Ilk
Blackball
Black of Temple
Black of Denniston
Black in Aberdeen
Blackstock of that Ilk
Blackwood
Blaw - ' -

Blaise in France
Blair of that Ilk -
Bhir of Adamton
Blair of Milgerholme
Blair in Aberdeen
Blair of Balthayock
Blair of Lethendy
Blair of Balmill
Blair of Overdurdy
Blair of Inchyra
Blyth

Barrowman

Bisket - ,

Boulter in England
Bell in England
Bog

Bog of Burnhouses
Bohun Earl of Hereford
Bohun Earl of Northampton
Bohemia

Bonne de Lesdiguieres
Bonyman

Bereneii in Westphalia
Booth Earl of Warrington
Bosina

Boursault in France
Bragge

Brand Sir Thomas
Brand in England
Brantwart
Brand of Baberton
Britony
Bridge
Bristol See
Brent
Bretagne
Bretagne, Duke

ib.

345
244

ib.

3<54

146

ib.

'95

21 I
ib.
ib.
ib.

220

ib.
ib.

ib.

369

162

ib.

265

244

167

ib.
90

87
290

72
260
320

ib.
262

370
412
409
400
90

IO2

'/I
412
418

336
367
187

INDEX OF SURNAMES,

VII

Page.

Breanus de Clare - 156

Boyd Earl of Kilmarnoclc 53

Boyle Earl of Glasgow - 330

Bbthwcll L. Holyroodhouse 392

Boswell of Balmuto - 44

Bos well of Glassmont - 57

Boswell of Dowen - ib.

Bouteville - 67

Bourchier Earl of Bath 406

Bourhurg in France - 62

Bourdon - - 419

Bows in England 404

Bowie ... . ib.

Bower of Kinncttles - ib.
Boyes 145, 278

Boyle 26
Boyd - 48, 53

Boyd of Pinkell - ib.

Boyd of Pitcon - - ib.

Boyd of Trochrig - ib.

Brodie of that Ilk - 256

Broomhall in England 290

Brown hill - - 229
Brown of Blackburn 319,378

Brown, Sir Anthony 87

Brown Viscount Montague 91

Brown of Colston - 378

Brown of Thornydikes ib.

Brown of Fordell - ib.

Brown of Kingside - - ib.

Brown of Bonnyton - ib.

'Brown of Carslaeth - ib.

Brown of Hartrig - - ib.

Brown of Gorgiemill - ib.

Brown of Horn - - ib.

Brown of Dolphington ib.

Brown of Enstlield - ib.

Brown of Balquharn - ib.

Brisbane of Bishopton 42 1

Bruce 133

Bruce of Clackmanan 141

Bruce of Airth - 142

Bruce of Blairhall - ib.

Bruce Earl of Elgin - ib.

Bruce Earl of Aylesbury ib.

Bruce of Carnock - ib.

Bruce of Kennet - ib.

Bruce of Wester-Kinloch ib.

$ruce of Garvet 143

Bruce of Balcaskie - ib.

Bruce of Earlshall - ib.

Bruce of Wester-Abten ib.

Bruce of Mowance - ib.

Bruce of Newton - ib.

Bruce of Pitterthie - ib.
Buchanan of that Ilk
Buchanan of Lenny
Buchanan of Sound
Buchanan of Drumhead
Buchanan of Drummakill
Buchanan of Miltou
Buchanan in Stirling
Buchan of Auchmacoy

Borthwick, Lord 390

Borthwick of Gordonshall ib.

Borthwick of Crooxton 391

290

ib.
291

ib.

Page.

Borthwick of M.iyshiels 391

Borthwittk of Muirhouse ib.

Borthwick of Hartside - ib.

Borthwick of Stow - ib.

Brymer of Westerton - 57

Bryson of Craigicri - 461

Buntcin of Anloeh - 354

Buntein of Kilbridc - ib

liuntr-in of Buntcinhall - ib.

Bunkle - - 402

Bureau in France - 20

Burken of London - 59

Iiurnet - 395
Burnet of Barns - 72^ 396

Burnct of Leys ib.

Bryson - - 438

Burnet of Innerleith - 396

Burnet of Craigmyle - ib.

Burnet in Aberdeen - ib.

.Burnet Doctor of Medicine ib.

Burnet Bishop of Sarum ib.

Burnet of Wariston - ib.

Burnet of Dilladies - 173

Burnet of Shetohocksly 397

Burrell - - 146

Bell 427

Burn - - 401

Burnside - - 409
Butter 112, 126

Butter of Gormach - ib.

Butler Earl of Arran - 73
Burgundy 90, 1 1 1

Burgundy, Duke 172

Bye in England - 355

Byron Lord Byron - 90

Byres - - - 352

Butler of Kirkland - 422

Butler of Lincolns-Inn - ib.

Bullcn in England - 340

Byzantium - - 426

Cabez de Vacca - 333

Cadzow - - 371

Cadwallader - 114

Cairns of that Ilk - 351

Cairns of Pilmore - ib.

Calder of that Ilk - 3.1

Caldwell of that Ilk - 2o>

C'aldwell in Glasgow 203

Caldenvood of Pitteadie 363

Calderwood of Polton - ib.

Callender 27

Callen-ler - 190

Callender of Mayners - 191

Callender in Kincardine ib.

it, Lord 39

Cambridge University 427

Campidon in France - 261
Campbell - - 27, 30

Campbell Duke of Argyle 3 1

Campbell Earl of Loudon ib.

Campbell Earlof Breadalbane ib.

Campbell of Calder - ib.

Campbell of Lawers - ib.

Campbell of Ccsnock - ib.

Page.

Campbell of Aberuchill 31

Campbell of Glcnlyon - ib.

Campbell of Lochnell - 32

Campbell of Waterhaughs ib.

Campbell of Mon/.ie - ib.

Campbell of Gargunnock ib.

Campbell of Succoth - ib.

Campbell of Blythswood ib.

Campbell of Glenfalloch ib.
Campbell of (Monchaster 32,171

Campbell of Moy - 32

Campbell of Carrick - ib.

Campbell of Ardkinlass 33

Campbell of Balgarshaw ib.

Campbell of Auchawilling ' ib.

Campbell of Inncllan - ib.

Campbell of Ardintenny ib.

Campbell of Skipness - ib.

Campbell of Corvorance ib.
Campbell of Craignish 33, 202

Campbell of Finnab - 196

Campbell of ShawiieM 198
Campbell, Mr Alex. Advocate ib.

Campbell, Mr Archibald 414

Campbell of Auchtenny ib.

Campbell, Colin ib.

Campbell in Stockholm ib.

Camel in England - 332

Canterbury See - - 419

Canons, Regular - 114

Canneton in France - 350

Caon in France - 207

Capel Earl of Essex - 130

Carkettle 422

Carter - 298

Carmichael - - 44

Carrick, Earldom - 232

Carse of Fordeicarse - 141

Carruthers of Holmains 168
Carwood 260, 3(53

Carleton in England 213

Castile - - 409

Cartwright - - 258

Cateval in England - 213

Cargill - - 351

Car.isle See - 419
CarnegieEarlofNorthesk 42,339

Carnegie of that Ilk - 339

Carnegie Earl of Southesk 340

Carnegie of Kinfauns - ib.

Carnegie of Pittarrow - ib.

Carnegie of Craigo - ib.

Carnegie of Newgate - ib.

Carnegie of Leuchland ib.

CV.r y e Lord Cariyie - 130

Cairncross - - 328

Cairncross of Coumslie ib.

Cairncross of Ba mashanon ib.

Cathcart Lord Cathcart 24 1

Cathcart of Carleton - 242

Cathcart of Carbiston ib.

Cathcart in Germany - ib.

Caus a;id - - 256

Ceci Karl of Exeter - 185

Cecil Earl of Salisbury ib.

I Cessford - 306'

Vlll

INDEX OF SURNAMES,

Page.

Chalmers of that Ilk - 302

Chalmers of Tartas - ib.

Chalmers of Ashentrees ib.

Chalmers of Cults - ib.

Chalmers, Captain Charles ib.

Chancellor 431

Chaste! iini - 409

Chabeel in France 1 1 2

Chabot 358

Chandos - - 36

Charteris of Amisfield - 43

Chart eris of Kinfauns - 44

Chaplin - 191
Chapman - 33, 140

Chapman in Eng'and 244
Chcyne Lord Cheyne 128,421

Cheyne of Straioch - ib.
Chcyne of Esse'mont 129, ib.

Cheyne of Duffiis - ib.
Cheyne, George, Doctor of

.Medicine - - ib.

Cheyne Viscount Newha ven 2 1 6

Cheap of Rossie - 367

Chester Episcopal See 419

Cheswel - - 199

Child in England 342

Chiesa 412

Chiesiy of Kerswell - 152

Chiesly of Dairy - ib.

Christie 141

Christie of Craigton - ib.

Christie in Aberdeen - ib.

Christie of Ealluchie - ib.

Clayton 221

Clare Ear! of Gloucester 156

Clarence Duke of Clarence 107

Clarke in England 219

Clarkson 141

Clayhills of Innergowrie 325

Clephan of Carslogie - 289

Clifford Lord Clifford - 1 89

Clinton Earl of Lincoln 130

CJeland of that Ilk - 330

Cleland of Faskin - 331

Clunie - - 266

Cock - 347

Cockburn of that Ilk - ib.

Cockburn of Ormiston 'ib.

Cockburn of Lanton - ib.

Cockbirrn of Torry - • 348

Cockburn of Henderland ib.

Cockburn of Clarkington ib.

Cockburn of Newhall - ib.

Cockburn of Skirling - ib.

Cockburn of Stonnyflat ib.

Cockburn of Ryslaw - ib.

Cockburn of Chouslie - ib.

Cochran Earl of Dundonald 316

Cochran of Ochiltree - 317

C'ochran of Waterside - ib.

Cochrah of Balbarchan ib.

Cochran of Rochsoles - ib.

Cochran of Drumbreck - ib.

Cochran of Pitfarr - ib.

Cochran of Balbachly 320

Coleman 36

Page.

Colonni in Italy - .412

Colepeper - 171

Colquhoun of Luss - 134

Colquhoun of Dunyelder ib.

Co!quhoun of Kilmardinny ib.

Co'quhoun of Garscadden ib.

Colvil 115

Colvil of Ochiltree - ib.

Colvil Lord Co'vi! of Culross ib.

ColvilLordCo viiofOchiitree 116

Coivii of B air - ib.

Co'vil of Luffnessick - ib.

Congaiton of that Ilk - 47

Conga ton of Dir.eton - ib.

Cooper of Gogar 152

Cornwau in Eng and 219, 228

Cornwall of Bonhard - 45

Cornwaiiis, Lord • - 223

Corbet - - 346

Corbet of Stoke - ib.

Corbet of Hardgray - ib.

Corbet of Towcross - ib.

Crosby of that I;k - 1 10

Corser - 306

Corstorphine of Kingsbarns 226

Cocks in England - 330

Coventry 113, 244

Couper in England 335

Couchmaster - 157

.Courts - 328

Courtney Earl of Devon 220

Coudry - - 190

Couden - - 328

Coudon in France - 1 29

Cowan 146

Craven Lord Craven - 130

Crawfurd of Kilbirny - 55
CrawfurdViscountof Garnock ib.

Crawfurd, Mr George 424
Crawfurd of Loudon 31, 55, 56

Crawfurd of Kerse 327

Crawfurd of Comlarg - ib.
Crawfurd 44, 55

Crab of Robslaw - 358

i raw - 27

Craw of Auchincraw - ib.

Craw of EastvReston - 27

Craw of Nether-Byer - 33

Craw of Heugh-head - ib.
Craik- - 30, 416

Craig, or Craigie 45

Craig of Rickarton - ib.

Cramond of Auldbar - 354

Cranston Lord Cranston 353

Cranston of Mochric - ib.

Creigh 352

Crispi in Rome - 305

Crichton - - 278

CricIitonVis.of Frendraught 279

Crichton Earl of Dumfries ib.

Crichton of Cranston - ib.

Crichton of Ruthven - ib.

Crichton of Easthiil ib.

Crichton of Waughton - ib.

Crichton of Innerneity - ib.

Crichton of Brunston - ib.

"Page.

"richton of Cairns - ib.

:.resseo i in France - 030

v rispin in England ' 207, 227
Crow in Suffolk - 348

Crosbie in England - 223
>. rucks - - 185

Cruikshanks of Berryhill 319
Cudenham in Etigiand 207

Lurrel, or Curie 400

C'urrie, 141

( o':ison - - 367

Cuming - - - ib.
' uming of A^tyre ib.

Cuming of Brunthill - ib.
Cuming of Auchry - ib.

(uming of Coulter 169, ib.

Cunningham - 192

Cunningham of Glencairn 193
1 unningham of G.engarnock ib.
' unningham of Po maise ib.

unningham of Auchinharvy ib.
C unningham of Cunningham-
head - - - ib.
umiingham of Barns - ib.
unningham of ' raigends ib.
Cunningham of Bed ands 194
unningham of Robertiand ib.
• unningham of .. airncuren ib.
unningham of aprington ib.
v unningham of Enterkin ib.
Cunningham of Ba.quhan ib.
Cunningham of orsshili ib.
Cunningham of Aikenbar ib.
Cunningham, Mr James ib.
Cunningham of Brownhill 195
Cunninghamof Drumquhassel ib.
Cunningham in Stockholm ib.
Cunningham of Belton - ib.
Cuthbert of Castlehill - 45
Cuthbert of Inverness - ib.

Dalempit of Lackleed -- 212

Da!garner - - 58
Dalmahoy of that Ilk 21, 72

Da g eish - 364

Dalrymple - 205

Dalrymple of Stair - 206'

Dairymple of North^Berwick ib.

Da rympie of Cousland 408

Da'rymple, Mr Robert - ib.

Daiziel Ean of arnwath 259

Da yell of Binns 187

Dalxiel Merchant in London ib.

Damiiston - 93

Dam in Fianders - 325

Dampetra, Lord 89

Dainugiise-in Venice - 91

Daniel - - 213
D'Arcy Earl of Holder-
ness - 127,391

Etetsa.lMgh 26

Dauphin of France - 356

Dauphinate d'Avergne - ib.

Dawson - - 124

IN'DEX OF SURNAMES,

St D.c, nl' •

'V'Uilson

Davidson of l.'urriohill

Davidson of Cairnbrogie

Davidson of 1;

Dingwall

D'-.ms of Longhctraiston
Dee

D'Kuroux Karl of Salisbury

Dem;-

Dempster of Pitliver

Dempster, Mr John

Denmark

Denmark's Ensi"ii

Denham <>1 V.'.

1) Ml.,! Ml

Denniston of that Ilk
Dcnniston Lord Denniston
Denniston of Cowgrane
Denniston of Dumraith
I ) -iinisto-.i of Mou-itjohu
Descus in England
D'.'vi'iviiN. \'is. of Hereford

39'
326

ib.

327

330
100"

107

ib.

266

109

353

Die':

Die!; of Prestonfield
D'clvson ot Bughtrig
|)ick son of Belchester

DM ot Newbigging
Dickson of Wcster-Binning
Dickson of Innereslc
D'Ipre Earl of Kent
Dishingron
Dishiniiton of Ard
Dolphin in Kng'.md
DoJphingly
Don of Tenth
Don of Newton
Don of Spittle

i.ildsc-H

Douchat ~

Dordrecht in Holland
Dormer Earl of Carnarvon
Dow of Ardonlull
Dowiiie

Doughtv hi Ene ;>nd
Douglas E.irl of Buehan
Don

Do;:;1!. is I/ird Liddisd
Doug'as Earl of Murray
Douglas F.ail of Ormoinl

• las Karl of Angus
Douglas, Duke
Douglas Iv.irl of Morton
Douglas Duke berry

Douglas Earl of March
Doughs Earl of \Vigti-a
Douglas of Kellhead
Douglas Lord Carlis'e
Douglas Earl of Forfar
Douglas Earl of Selkirk
Douglas Earl of Dun-barton-.
Douglas of Glenbervic
Douglas of Cavers
Douglas of Whittingham
Douglas of Bonjedward

101
ib.

102
ib.
ib.

245

ib.

ib.
198
100

ib.

357
ib.

212

ib.
379
338

35
191

3£4

3-'9
258

5°
69

'4
ib.
ib.
ib.

— —

ib.

1.50

7<5
ib.

ib.

77
ib.
ib.

78
ib.
ib.

Douglas of Kilspindy - 78

Douglas of Long-Niddry 78

•i.is of MofFat - ib.

Douglas of Pittendreich ih.

i.is of Bridgcford ib.

Doughs of B.I, Is - ib.

, ul Musselburgh ib.

Douglas of Inchmarle - ib.

Dougl is of Mains >!>.

Doug! is of Cliftonhall ib.

Douglas <>f Tulliquhalljr ib.

•Douglas of Earnslaw - i'>.

Douglas of Cruxton - 397
, Sir Fraiuis

Drake in England

lale - 146

Drop in England - 223

Drummond 22, 6 1

nmond Earl of Perth << i

Drummond Earl of M.'liord

Drummond of Concraig 25

Drumruond of Gari- 65

Drummond of Mi t; ib.

Drummond ot" Hawthornden ib.

Drummond of B!air - ib.

Drummond of Inncrmay ib.

Drummond of Riccarton ih.

Drummond Ixsrd Maderty ib.

Drummond of Machary 66

Drummond Viscount of Stra-

thallan - - ib.

Drumniond of Logiealmond ib.

Drummond of Colquhalzie ib.

Drummond of Pitkell.inie ib.

Drummond of Cultmalundy ib.

Drummond, Minister at Mo-

nedic - - ib.

Drummond of Carlowric ib.

Drummond, Provost of Edin-
burgh. - - ib.

Drummond of Kildies ib.

Duddingston of that I;k 124

Diuldingston of Sandford ib.

D!cl:ison - - 335

Ducbeck iw FYance

D-.itV 46

Dugtiid of Auchenheuf 124

Dumbreck - - 323

Dunse of that Ilk - -15

Dun -

Dunmure - - 369

Duncan of Ardounie - 1^7

Duncan of Seaticld - ib.

Duncan of Mott - - ib.

Dunbar of Hcmprtgs ' 170, 269

>r,. Earls- - - 267

Dunbar Eprl of Murray 269

Dunbar of Westfidd - ib.

Dunbar of Mochrum -. ib.

• ir of Grange - ib.

Duubar cf Baldoon ib.

Dunbar of 1'armuchetty 270

Dunbar of Hillhcad ib.

Dunbar of Durn- - ib.

Dunbar of Inchbreck - ib.

Dunbar of Leuchit ib.

Dunlop of that Ilk
Dunlop of Garnkirk
Dunlop of Househill
Dundas Lord St John
Duiidjs of that Ilk
Dundai of An
Dundi . ul N'cwli->ton
Dundas of Duddir
Dund.is of Manor
Dundas of Phtlpeton
Dundas of Kim evil
Dundas ot Ilan
Dundas of Bn-astmill
Durward
Durant
Durham

Durham of Granjjo
Durham of Ardounie
Durham of Largo
Durham of Duntan ie
Durham, Adolphus
Durham, i
Doylcy in England
Durie of that Ilk
Diiri--, Captain George
Durie cf Grange

Eaglesham

Eccles of Kildonan 134,

Eccles of Shanock

Edgar of Wadderly

Edgar of Kithock

Edgar in Poland

Edgertoii Ear! of Bridgewater

Edic of Moneaght

Eggenberg

Eglintoa of that Ilk

Kdington of Balberton

Edmond Ironside

Edmonstone of Ednam

Edmonstone of Duntreth

Edmonstone of Newton

Edmonstone of Broik

Edward. -

Elphinstone

K phinstoneLordElphinstonc

ElphinstoneLord Balmerino

Elphinstonc Lord Coupar

Elphinstone of Caldcrliall

Elphinstone of Airtli

Elphinstone of Glack

K phinstone, Sir James

';instone of Mtlyholm
Elphinstone of !
Elphinstone in England
Edinburgh
Elme, or Ellem
Elliot

Elliot of Lawriston
Elliot of Stobbs
Elliot of Minto
Elliot, Mr Adam
Elliot of Erkclton
Elliot of Binksnow
Ellis

339
ib.

ib.

.
170, ib.

- ih.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
276,174

20
243
ib.

243

ib.
- ib.

i'o.
124,300

*S*

ib.
ib.

34 >•

'47
ib.

280-

281

ib".

44
129

370

221
262
II4
241

ib.

ib.
412

ib.

ib..

ib.

332
410

355

ib.

ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
afi,

LVDEX OF SURNAMES, fcfr.

Page.

Ellis 356
Ellis of Southside 399
Emperor of Germany 338
lly, See - - - 418
England 39,63,294
England's Ensign 109
Erskine Earl of Marr 35, 127
Erskine of Dun 36
Erskine Lord Cardross - 40
Erskine Earl of Buchan ib.
Erskine, Governor of Black-
ness Castle - 41
Erskine of Carnock - ib.
Erskine, Advocate ib.
Erskine of Brechin ib.
Erskine of Pittodrie - ib.
Erskine Earl of Kelly - ib.
Erskine of Alva ib.
Erskine of Cambo ib.
Erskine of Balgounie - ib.
Erskine, Captain Patrick ib.
Erskine of Kirkbuddo - ib.
Erskine of Sheelfield - ib.
Esplin - 36
Ethefred - - 113
Ethinglinton of that Ilk 262
Ew - - 191
Ewing 412, 428
Ewart 398, 428,
Exeter, See 419

Flockhart - 151

Fairfax Lord Fairfax 62

Fairly in England - 24

Fairly of Braid - 289

Fairly of Bruntsfield ib.

Fairfowl - - 349

Fairfowl of Wester-Lathal ib.

Fairholm of Craigiehall 143

Fairholme - - 303
Falconer of Phesdo 2 1 9, 3 46

Falconer Lord Halkerton ib.

Falconer of Bellandro - ib.

Falconer of Newton - ib.

Falconer of Balmakellie ib.

Fanner - - 303

Flanders - - 267

Farrjuhar of Gilmyr's-croft 278

Farquhar of Manic - ib.

Farqubarson of Invercauld ib.

Fatieri in Venice - 29

i'liwside of that Ilk 218

Fife - - 277

Fielding Earl of Denbigh 207

Felbridge, English 292

Ferguson 402

Ferguson of Kilkerran - ib.

Ferguson of Auchinblain 403

Ferguson of Craigdarroch 289

Ferriers Earls of Derby 19

Ferrier - 429

Fenton of that Ilk - 92

Fenton of Baikie - - ' ib.

Fender - - 262

Pnge.

Fennison - - 219

Fiennes Vis. Say and Seal 300

Fiilkensteinii 345

Forrest, a Count in France 357
Fisher 39>357>

Fishing Company - ib.

Finn 353

Finch Earl of Winchelsca 345

Finlayson 293

Fitz- James - 371

I'it^-Wiriams 207

Fitz-Hugh in England 157

Fletcher of Sakon - 117

Fletcher of Aberlady - 118

Fletcher of Maugan - ib.

Fleming 149

Fleming Earl of Wigton ib.

Fleming of Biggar 150

Fleming of Boghall - ib.

Fleming of Fern ib.

Fleming, Colonel John ib.

Fleming of Barrochin - 151

Fleming, English 215

Florcaneri in Bavaria - 29

Flower - 46

Fombrial 114

Fond a town in Italy - 35

Forbes - 321

Forbes Lord Forbes - ib.

Forbes Lord Pitsligo, - ib.

Forbes of Corsindae ib.

Forbes of Corse - 322

Forbes of Monymusk - ib.

Forbes of Tolquhon - ib.

Forbes of Waterton - ib.

Forbes of Culloden - ib.

Forbes of Foveran ib.

Forbes of Auchreddy - ib.

Forbes of Savock - ib

Forbes of Ballogie - ib.

Forbes of Balfluig . ib.

Forbes of Riras - ib.

Forbes of Eight - ib.

Forbes of Robslaw - ib.

Forbes of Millbuy - ib.

Forbes of Craigievar - ib.

Forbes Viscount of Granard ib.

Fotheringham of Powrie 60

Fotheringham of Lawhill 64

Fotheringham of Bandon ib.

Forrest 364

Forrester Lord Forrester 423

Forrester of Garden - ib.

Forrester of Denoven - ib.

Forrester, Sir Andrew ib.

Forrester in Dundee - ib.

Forsyth - 344

Forsyth of Nydie - ib.

Forsyth of Tailzerton 345

Foulis - 393
Foulis of Ratho 219, 394

Foulis of Ravelston ib.

Foulis of Woodhall - ib.

Fountain in England - 332

Fountain of Lochill - 219

Fulk de Oyray - 64

Page.

Fox in England 325

Fox, Sir Stephen 187

Frampton - - 304

France - - 373

Frank of Boughtridge 143

Fraser - 379

Fraser Lord Lovat - 380

Fraser of Cowie 3 8 1

Fraser Lord Muchill -• ib.

Fraser of Belladrum - ib.

Fraser of Strichen - ib.

Fraser of Eskdale - ib.

Fraser of Auchnagairn ib.

Fraser of Fingask ib.

Fraser of Tyrie - ib.

Fraser of Broadland - ib.

Fraser of Phoppachy 175, 382

Fraser of Kirk ton ib.

Fraser Ross-Herald - ib.

Fraser, Provost of Inverness ib.

Freeman 207

French of Thornydikes 316

Fairnie of Farlogie - 326

Freer - - 357

Fulford of Fulford - 151

Fullarton of that Ilk - 331

Fullarton of Dreghorn 332

Fullarton of Kinnaber ib.

Farringdon - - 305

Fythie - - 353

Garden of Barrowfield 168

Garden of Leys ib.

Galbreatli of Kilchrich 323

Galbreath of Giltroyck ib.

Galicia in Spain 152

St Gall in Switzerland 320

Gammel of Clerkinshiels 94

Gerard - 298

Gardiner 216

Garran - - 398
Garioch 128,417

Garioch of Kinstair - 104

Garthshore of that Ilk 141

Garth - - 29

Garvie - 39> 357
Gaunt D. of Lancaster 107,413

Ged 357
Geddes of Rachan 1 8 1 , ib.

Geichen - - 397

Gelly 416

Geneva - 1 89

Genoa - 109

Genevil or Grenville 430

Gentili 190

Gerrard Earl of Macclesfield 147

Ghisii in Venice - 28

Gibelines - 23

Gibson - 420

Gib - - 399

Gibb of Carribber ib.

Gilbert .- - 393

Giffbrd - - 59

Giffbrd of Giffordhall - ib.

INDEX OF SURNAMES,

Page.

Giffortl of Sheriff-hall - 59

Giffbrd in England - 60
Gillespie 260, 416

GiiiU's - - 416

CiVhrill 229
Gilmourof Craigmillar 428,379

Gilstanil in England - 327
GironDukeofOssunainSpain 195

Glen of thnt Ilk - 351

Glen of Bar - - ib.

Glen of Balmuto 44

Gleg - 292

Ghngow - 358

,ford - 104

Glass of that Ilk - 379

Glass of Si'.uchy - ib.

Glendinning of that Ilk 1 1 1

Glendomvyn of Parton 437

Gleneagles of that Ilk - 138
Cladstanes of that Ilk 179,261

Gladstanes of Whitelau- ib.

Gloucester See 419

Gloucester - 215

Gloucester, Dr.kc 108

Glover - 244

Gordon, Duke - 309
Gordon Earl of Aboyne 1 80, ib.

Gordon Earl of Aberdeen il>.

Gordon of Abergeldie ib.

Gordon of Pitlurg - ib.

Gordon of Glenbucket 310

Gordon of Lesmore - ib.

Gordon of Rothiemay - ib.

Gordon of Park ib.

Gordon of Dalpholly - ib

Gordon of Edinglassie ib.

Gordon of Glastirim - ib.

Gordon of Tacachie - ib.

Gordon of Newark - ib.

Gordon of Badenscoth - ib.

Gordon of Knock speck ib.

Gordon of Auchanattie ib.

Gordon of Birkenburn ib.

Gordon of Torpors y - ib.

Gordon of Nethermuir 173

Gordon of Dauch - ib.

Gordon of Avachie - ib.

Gordon of Craig - 311

Gordon of Cocklarochie ib.

Gordon of Auchintoul ib.

Gordon of Ardmelly - ib.

Gordon of Rothness - i-i

Gordon, Provostof Aberdeen 1-2

Gordon of Braco - 1 73

Gordon Vi?. of Kenmure 3 1 1

Gordon of Craiglaw ib.

Gordon of Troquhan - 3.1 2

Gordon of Earlston - ib.

Gordon of Carleton - ib.

Gordon of Sherm ib'.

Gordon of Dengeuch - ib.

Gordon of Cardiness - ib.

Gontin in France - 90

Gourlay - 341

Gourlay of Kincraig. ib.

Gourney 38

Gotley in England
Goudie in England
Graden
Graham Duke of Montrose
Earl of Monteith 7

page.
334
335
405
79
9,84

79
ib.
ib.
ib.
80
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
81
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.

365
42
418
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
406

37°
J57
170
ib.

'74
ib.
$,83
220
108

345

427

23
219

379

293
ib.
ib.
in
no
ib.
ib.

Hacket of Pitfernn - 201
Hacket of Moxhi 1 - 393
Hacket in Engi MU! - 201
well - - 307
Hal lane of Gleneagles 139
.:ie of L:inrick - 139
Hiitly of Mtilerstain 315
Haig of Bemerside - 132
Haddon in England - 285
H.iliburton of that Ilk 100
Haliburton of Pitcur - 101
I I.i iburton of Eag'estairny ib.
1 1 i iburton of Newmaing ib.
11 . 1 of Dunglass 353
H. unilton - - 21

— — T)nlrr n Q -.

of Gartmore

— of Duntroon

of Monargon

Of Orchill

Solicitor

— of Newark

ton . 386

of WoodhiU ib

Granada
Grandmain -
Grant of that Ilk
of Ballindalloch

of Dariway
of Gartenbeg

Grenville Earl of Bath
Grenoble
Greenway in England
Grey Lord Grey of Wark

of Daichmont ib.

F irl nf KVnt fa

Graf ton, Duke
Gritlm in Eng'and
Grierson of Lagg 145,
Groiier in France
Guelphs
Guid -
Gullan
Guthrie of Hackerton

Oi Pencaitland ib.

of Carsebank
of that Ilk
of Lunan
Provost of Forfar

Hamydes in Flanders - 63
Handyside of London 289
Hannay - - 328
Harling - - - 331
Harthill in England - 327

INDEX OF SURNAMES, fc-,

Page.

Ilalliday of Tillybo'o - 397
Hastie - 292

Hastings 427

Haldennanstetin in Germany 29
Hareflains of Craigs - 261
Hare 64

Hare of Howbardo'ph - ib.
Hardie - - 263

Harvey 393

Henries, Lord 336

Henries of M.iubie - ib.

Harcass - 379

Harrington - - 214

Hay Earl o£ Errol - 1 8 1

Marquis of Twecddale 1 8 2

Earl of Carlisle - 183

Earl of Kiimoul 304, 1 84

Viscount of Duplin

of Park

of Stronzie

of Woodcoclrdale

of Carriber

of Balhousie

of Meggins

— of Pitfour

of Dalgery

of Cardeny

of Linplum

of Hayston

of Muntan

of Craignethan

of Seafield

— ;— of Leys

of Muchals

of Auchencoy

of Earnhill

of Broxmouth

— r— Henry, Merchant

Hart

Henderson of Ford el

Henderson of St Laurence

Henriquez in Spain

Henry

Henneburg

Henen in Picardy -

Hepburn

of Hailes

Earl of Bothwell

of Waughton

of Smeiton

of Humbie

of Riccarton

of Blackcastle

Doctor of Medicine

Heriot of Trabrown
Hereford See
Heron

Herring of Gilmerton
Herring of Lethendy
Herring, or Heron,of that Ilk
Herbert
Heskines
Hidalgo in Spain
Hog of Harcarse
Houghton of Houghton-
• Tower

ib.

ib.
185

ib.

ib.
265
203

ib.

28
355
349

92
152

J53
ib.

162
163

ib.

46
3°4
354

102
ib.
ib.

300

ib.
230
316

Hollis Eail of Clare

Hook

Home, Earl

of Wedderburn

of Ayton

Earl of Marchmont

Page.
200
Hi
270
272
ib.

273
ib.

Earl of Dunbar

of Blackaddcr 274

of Renton 355, ib.

of Todrig - ib.

of Eccles ib.

of Kimmerghame ib.

of Home-Castle ib.

of Ninewells - ib.

of Whitefieid ib.

of Crossrig - i!>.

of West-Reston 275

of Lumisden 355

of Hilton - 1 06

HoldefheafF - 369

Honyman - 90

Hopper 3 7 1

Hope of Craighall - 218

of Kerse - ib.

of Granton - ib.

Earl of Hopeton ib.

of Balcomie - ib.

of Rankeillor ib.

Ho'stein - 397
Horn - 156,425

Horn of Westerhall ib.

Horsburgh of that Ilk 306

Houston of that Ilk 3^1
Howison 8 1, 266
Howard Dukeof Norfolk 104,130

Hunter of Hunterston 325

of Ballagan ib.

Hummel - 242

Hume in England 293
Hungary - 62, 43

Huddy of Stewel - 47

Hurleston - 118

Hussey ib.

Hudson - - 126

Hulse in Kent 204
Hutton of that Ilk 222, 405

Hutchison 404

Hurau't de Chiverny 230

Hyde Earl of Clarendon 206

Hyslop - 326

Jack - - 262

Jackson 62

Jaffray of Kingswells - 38

Jaffrny of Dilspro - ib.

Jardine of Applegirth 144, 400

Jardine in Edinburgh - 145

Jason in England 334

Jedburgh - 305

Jermyn Lord Jermyn 244

Jennyn Lord Dover - ib.

Iceland in Denmark - 357

Jesuits, Order 266

Jew in England - ' 262

Page.
1 1

ii 6

Jerusalem

Jerusalem Patriarch

Innes of that Ilk - 2^7

Innes of Blairton - ib.

Innes, Minister of Gamry ib.

Innes, Parson of Balhalvy ib.

Innes, James, Writer - ib.

Innes of Thurston ib.

Innes of Edingight - ib.

Innes, Alexander, Merchant ib.

Inglis - - 83

Inglis of Manor - ib.

Inglis of Newtonlees ib.

Inglis of Cramond - ib;

Inglis, Mr John, Advocate ib.

Jones - - 26

Jones in England - 156

Johnstone - 143

Johnstone Mar. of Annandale ib.

Johnstone of Elphinstone ib.

Johnstone of Gratney 144

Johnstone of Westerhall ib.

Johnstone of Hilton - iN.

Johnstone of Benholm ib

Johnstone of Blackwcod ib.

Johnstone of Caskieben ib.

Johnstone of Polton ib.

Johnstone of Caltree ib.

Johnstone of Wordmills ib.

Johnstone of Gormack ib.

Joway in France 39,

Jossey - - 371

Jossey of Westpans ib.

Irvine of Drum - 394

Irvine of Bonshaw - ib.

Irvine of Artamford - 395

Irvine of Inchray - ib.

Irvine, Doctor of Medicine ib.

Irvine of Fedderet ib.

Irvine of Kingoussie - ib.

Irvine of Beilside ib.

Irvine of Lairnie - ib.

Irvine of Cairniie'd - ib.

Irvine of Lenturk ib.

Irvine of Muirthill - ib.

Juron in France 63

Justice of Lrichton 398

Kay, or Cay 1 06

Karrara in Venice 205

Kaer in France 1 1 &

Keir of Carse 1 24

Kein of Hethelry 399

Ke'so of Kclsoland - 369

Kelly of that Ilk 379

Kemp of Comiston - -397

Keith Earl Marischal 69
Keith Earl of Kintore 179, 73

Keith of Ludquharn ib.

Keith of Ravenscraig - ib.

Keith of Harthill 74

Keith of Troop - ib.
Keith of Tillygone - . ib.

Keith of Arthurhouse - ib.

Keith of Auquhorsk - . ib.

INDEX OF SURNAMES,

XIII

Page.

Keith of Craig 74

Keith of Inverugie - ib.

Kendal . - 25

Kennedy - 158

Kennedy Earl of Cassilis 159

Kennedy of Bargeny - ib.

Kennedy of Kirkhi 1 ib.

Kennedy of Clowburn ib.

Kennedy of Blairquhan ib.

Kennedy of Girvanmains ib.

Kennedy of Kirkmichael ib.

Kennedy of Kilmuches ib.

Kennedy of Lochan ib.

Ker Duke of Roxburgh 154

Ker Marquis of Lothian ib.

Ker of Cessford - ib.

Ker Lord Jedburgh - ib.

Ker Earl of Somerset - ib.

Ker Earl of Ancrum 165

Ker of Littledean - ib.

Ker of Greenhead ib.

Ker of Chatto - ib.

Ker of Cavers - ib.

Ker of Sutherlandhall ib.

Ker of Faddonside - ib.

Ker of Fairnilee - ib.
Ker of Samuelston 305, 165

Ker, Lord Charles 166

Ker of Abbotrule - ib.

Kinnaird of that Ilk - 139

Kinnaird Lord Kinnaird ib.

Kirkpatrick of Closeburn 14^
Kilgour '75>336
Kinnear of that Ilk 100, 354

Kincaid of that Ilk 411

Kincraigie - - 242

Kiltra - 243

Kingston in England 290

Kinross - - 398

Kirk - -' 420

Kirby ofKirbyhall 64

Kirkaldy - 242

Kirkaldy of Grange 83, ib.

Knight - - 399

Knox - - 178

Knows of that Ilk 371

Kroye iii Eng and - 429

Knolles Earl of Banbury 1 16

Koningseck in Germany 208

Kynninmonth of that Ilk 378

Kyd of Craigie 363

Kyd of Woodhill ib.

Kyle - 430

Laid'aw - 219

Laing of that Ilk 68

Laing 202

Laing of Redhouse ib.

Laing of Morisland - ib.

Lamb . 334

Larnmie of Dunkenny ib.

Lamond of that Ilk 418

Lambouit - 39

Lameignon in France 186

Landas - - 204

Page.

Landel Lord Landels . 176
Landel of Cowl - ib.

Lancaster, Earl - 88

Langley Duke of York 220

Landaff, See 147, 419

Lanton - 88,342

Lamberton - 213

Langlands of that l!k - 167
Langham in England 323

Langdale Lord Langdale 257
La Porte de Vexins - 244
Lauchlan - 60

Law of Lawbridge - 348
Law of Bogness - ib.

Law of Bogis - ib.

Law of Burntwood - ib.
Law of Newton - ib.

I,aw of Cameron - ib.

Law of Aiwmuher - ib.

Law of Easter-Kinevie ib.

Laurie of Maxwelton 422

Laurie of Plainstones ib.

Lawson - 368

Lawson of Humbie - 243
Lawson of Boghall 368

Lawson of Cairnmuir ib.

Lauderdale - 215

Lauder - - 343

Lauder of Bass 344, 432

Lauder of FountainhaU ib.

Loutherof Louther in England 222
Lauty - 203

Learmonth - 167

Learmonth of Balcomy ib.

Lebaret in France 208

Lecky - - 57

Leggit 103

Leake Earl of Scarsdale 147, 222
Lee Earl of Litchfield 244

Leitch - - 103

Leith 416,67

Lcith of Restalrig 63, 213

Leith of Overha'l - 67, ib.
Leith of Leithhall - 67, ib.
Leith of Craighall - ib.

Leith of Harthill - 67, ib.
L'Iris in Lauguedoc 258

Lennox of Cal.ey - 251

Lennox Earl of Lennox 132

Leper 304

Leny - 290

Lcs ie Earl of Rothes - 86
Leslie Earl of Ross - 94
Leslie of that Ilk - ib.

Leslie of Ba quhan - 95

Leslie Lord Lindores 95, 410
Leslie Lord Newark ib. ib.

Les ie of Kincraigie - 95
Leslie of \Yj&rdis ib.

Leslie of Pitcap-e - ib. 96
Leslie in Aberdeen - ib.

Leslie of Co pnayshiels ib.

Leslie of Kinivie - ib.

Leslie of Tu lochy - ib.

Leslie of Torry - ib.

Leslie Eari of Leven 96

Page-
Leslie of Finrassic - 96

Leslie of Oustons - ib-

Leslie of Burdsbank - ib.

Leslie, Advocate ib.

Lethem - - 1 1 8

Liddel of Halkerton - 106

Liddel, Merchant ib.

Lidderdale of St Mary's-Islo 157

Libberton - - 304

L'.M/hton - - 292

Lightford - - 36
Lillie - 33,373

Lilburn - - 207

Lindsay - - 53

Lindsay of Ed/id . ^4

Lindsay Ear. of Balcarras ib.

Lindsay of Bali - ib.

Lindsay Lord Spynie - ib.

Lindsay of Linbank - ib.

Lindsay of Uunrodis - ib.

Lindsay of Blackholm ib.

Lindsay in Edinburgh - ib.

Lindsay of Corsbasket ib.

Lindsay of Payetston - ib.

Lindsay of Kirkforther ib.

Lindsay of Wauchope c j

Lindsay of Covington ib.

Lindsay of Dowhill - ib.

Lindsay of the Mount - ib.

Lindsay of Evelick - ib.

Lindsay of Kilspindy - ib.

Lindsay of Cavill . ib.

Lindsay of Cairnie - ib.

Lindsay of Pitscandly - ib.

Lindsay of Culsh . ib.

Linton - - 342

Linto'i of Drumerick - 1 26

Little of Meikledale - 141

Little of Libberton ib.

Littlejohn 405

Lisk - - 212

Lithuania - - 259

Lithgow of Drygrange 331

Livingston of that Ilk 388

Livingston of Wemyss ib.
Livingston Earl of Linlith-

gow - - ib.

Livingston Earl of Callendar 389
Livingston Viscountof Kiisyth ib.

Livingston of Dunnipace ib.

Livingston of Kinnaird ib.

Livingston Ear! of Newburgh 390
Livingston Viscount of Teviot ib.

Livingston of Westquarter ib.

Livingston of Ba'aron - ib.

Livingston in Aberdeen ib.

Livingston of Saltcoats 104

Lucas Lord Lucas - 22:

Lovell - - 203
Lon ion, See 147, 398

Lorn - 31

Lothian - - 364

Lothian of Kingsbarns ib.

Loudhame in England 185

London - 355

Lorraine, Duke 342

XIV

INDEX OF SURNAMES,

Page

Lowis of Merchiston - 39^

Lowis of Menar - ib

Loveiace Lord Lovelace 82

Lockhart 26

Lockhart of Lee 318

Lockhart of Cleghorn ib

Lockhart of Birkhill - ib

Lockhart of Kirkton - ib
, Lockhart of Bar 59, 1 02

Loch - - 350

Loch of Dry'aw - ib

Lochore - - 202

Lockerby of that Ilk . - 371

Logan - - 20 J

, Logan of Reftalrig - 202

Logan of Burncastle ib

Logan of Cotfield - ib.

Logan of Logan - ib.

Logan of Idbury - 293

Logic of that Ilk - 60

Lockie - 371

Long - 302

Longueville, Dukes - 108

Long-Espie - j 07

Lumley Earl of Scarborough 349

Lucca - 426

Lumsdain of that Ilk - 403

Lumsdain of Blanearn ib.

Lumsdain of Airdry - 404

Lumsdain of Innerge'ly ib.

Lumsdain of Stravithy ib.

Lumsdain of Cushney ib.
LundyorLundinofthatllk 64,107

Lupii in France 323

Lutefoot - 352

Lyle Lord Lyle - 215

Lyle of Stonypath - •jy 6

'Lyle of Woodhead - ib.

Lyle of Murthill ib.

Lyle of Dysart - ib.

JNI'Auls -

M'Alla

M'Alzon

M'Beath

M'Brair of Netherwood

405
ib.
67

162
302,58

M'Cabin of Knockdollian 4 1 1
M'Crach 58

M'Clean of that Ilk - 415
M'Calloun of Rossie 41 1

M'Culloch of Myrton 214

'• of Piltou - 215

of Drummoral ib.

of Mull ib.

of Cardiness ib.

M'JUonald - 263,338

.,1'DowaiisLords of Galloway 282

— — of Garthland 283

of Logan 284

— — of Freugh - ib.

of Makerston 285

in Sweden 413, ib.

of Stodrig ib.

— of Lorn - 286

M'Dowall of Neilsland

Mr Andrew

of Culgroat

of Creichen

M'DuffEanof Fife

M'Garth

M'Gachen

M'Gill

M'Gie

M'Intosh of that Ilk

of Killachie

1 of Connadge

of Kinrara

of Aberardor

Page

.286

- 277

20.

3°
277, 263

- 277

ib
ib.
ib

- 30
42

M'lver

M'llvain of Grimet

M'Rery of Dumpender

M'Kenzie Earl of Seaforth 329

EarlofCromarty ib. 26^

of Rosehaugh 329

of Findon - ib.

of Redcastle ib.

of Coul - ib.

of Delvin - ib.

of Suddy 330

M'Kay Lord Rae 38, 323

M'Lauchlan 416

M'Leods - - 264

M'Leods of that Ilk - 410

M'Lellan of Bomby - 155
M'Lellan Lord Kirkcudbright ib.

M'Lellan of Barclay - ib.
M'LellanProvostofEdinburgh ib.

M'Gregor 362

M'Millan 219

M'Michel - - 57

M'Naughtan 4 1 o

M'Naught of Kilquharity 1 8 1

M'Neil - - -415

M'Fariane - 133

M'Pherson 414

M'Pherson of Clunie 415

M'Pherson of Pitmean ib.

M'Pherson of Invereshie ib.

M'Queen ' - 324

Malta - 115

Machan, or M'Machan 393

Main of Lochwood - i j 2

Maitland r 286

Ear' of Lauderdale 287

of Pittrichie - ib.

of Eccles - 288

Lieutenant - ib.

Major - ib.

Mallory - - 301

Malliherb - - 397

Mason - 103

Vlaltraverse in England 2 '4

Man - 264

Manson 116

Manny, Sir Walter 156

Manners Earl of Rutland 73

Mair, or De la Mare - 60

Marsh - - 307

Marchel - - 90

Marjoribanks - 421

Page.

Marr Earl of Marr
Martin of Meadhope
Martin

Masalki in Poland
Mascrop
Masterton

Masterton of Grange
Masterton of Parkmill
Mathew
Mathison
Maule Earl of Pan-

24,181,359

243
ib.

46
424

'57
ib.

1*8
198

ib.

mure

Maxton of Cultequhay

Maxwell

Earlof Nithsdale

of Pollock

of Calderwood

of Cardiness

of Teyling

of Lackiebank
of Monreith
of Barucleugh
of Lock

of Garnsalloch

• Colonel Thomas

103

34
136

ib.

ib.
,36

ib.

179

35°
37
428
264
68
ib.

331
ib.

28
428

217
244
298
23

335

25,30

Meek

Medicis of Florence

Michieson of Hill

Mechlin, a Town

Megget

Maynard Lord Maynard

Menzies of that Ilk

Menzies of Wecm

Mel in in France

Meldrum

Me drum of that Ilk

Meldrum of Crombie

Mengentzer in France

Mentz, Archbishop

Mercer of Aldie

Merevi in France

Meredith in England

Metz

Milan in Italy

Middleton

Middleton in England

Mill, or Miller

Mylne of Balfarg

Milne of Muirton

Mill of Baiwey!o

Milne, Mr Robert

Milne of Blairton

Miller

Miller of Glenlee

Miller of Gouniebank'

Merry

Misnia in Saxony

St Michae of Blackwater

St Michael of Bramson

Mitchelspn of Middleton

Mitchell of MitcheJ

of Addiston i

of Wester-Newbirny 2 1 2

of Filiigrigc - ib.

of Barry - ib.

of Landath ib.

126
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.

371
29

212

ib.
81

212
431

INDEX OF SURNAMES,

Page.

Moncur of that Ilk 185

ric-lVoftli.it Ilk - 68
Moll'.it of that Ilk - 146
Molineux - - 126
Moyle - 307
Moium Lord Mohun 1 1 8
Momnouth, Duke 108
Montagu Earlof Montagu 67,207

Page.

Moir of Scotston - 261
of Stony wood - 262
of Otterburn - il>.

Murcia - - 290
Mure of Rowa.lan - 44
Mure of Caldwell - 57
Murray - - 248

ter ib. 213

of Tu ibardin ib.
Duke of Athol ib.

Mountfort Earl of Leices-
ter 290, 1 1 5
M'l.itagueDukeof Montague 174
ivlonti in Fnnce - 223
Montmorency in France 227
Monk Duke of Albcmarlc 303
Monteith - 48, 84

Po maise 180, 249
George, D. M. ib.
of Abercairny ib.

dale 187,250

Viscount of Stormont ib.

of Falahall - 252
of Blackbarony ib.
Lord Elibank - ib.
of Livingston ib.
of Spot - ib.

of .. illhall ib.
of Aulclcathy ib.

Montgomery 375

Ear of Dunmore . 253
of Glendoick - ib.

A:exander - ib.

in Perth - ib.

• .- - of Giffin - ib

of Drumcairn - ib.

of Stanhope - ib.
of Deuchar 1 70, ib.
of Pitkeirie - ib.
of Priestfield - ib.

of Broomlands ib.
Montrose - - 370
Monro of Foulis - 342

D.D. ib.

Monypenny of Pitmillie 357
Monypenny, Lord - ib.
Moore, English 393
Morivia, a M;irquisate 342
Moreston in France - ib.
Mordaunt Earl of Peter-
borough - - 258
Mortimer 223, 288
of Vamouth 223
— of Craigyvar - ib.
of Auchenbody ib. 288
Morison of Dairsic - 262
— of Prestongrange ib.
, of Bogney - ib.
Henry - - ib.
Morton - - 300
Mosman - - 363
Mowat of Ua'quhol y 288
Mowat of Ingliston - ib.
Mow, or Mol c, of Mains 319
Mowbray - - 281
Mowbray of Barnbugie - ib.
Miulie, or Moodie 405
Moutray of Seafield - 361
Moutray of Rosccobie ib.

Captain John ib.
Coronet George ib.
Murdoch of Cumloden 346
Musgrave in Eng and 222
Mtisterton - - 305
Myrton of Cambo - 221

Nairne Lord Nairne - 24
Naesmyth 429
Napier Lord Napier - 138
Napier of Kilmahew - 137
Napier of Wrightshouses ib.
Napier of Merchiston - ib.
Napier, Alexander 138
Napier of Bahvhaple - ib.
Napier of Ba ikinranie ib.
Napier.of Balhcharne - ib.
Napier of Falside - ib.
Napier of Harrieston - ib.
Napier of Tayock - ib.
Napier of Cu'creuch - ib.
Natheley in England 335
Negonduck in France 28
NeLson of Corsack - 429

Neilson of Cr.i
• Neilson of • raigcaffie
Neilson of Maxwood
Neilson of Grangen

ille

Ne \vton

Newton of that Ilk
Newton of DalcoifF
•.vton in England
I Newald of Cargow
Nevoy of that Iik
Nicol
Niddrie
Nimmo

Nisbet of that Ilk
Nisbet of Dean
Nisbet of Craigintinnie
Nisbet of Direton
Nisbet of Grcenholm
Nisbet of Carphin

Page.

263

ib.

•47
130
291
292

38
100

400
244

3'3
188,315

ib.
ib.

- ib.
ib.

Nisbet, Alexander,Chirurgeon ib.

Niven of Windhouse - 245

Nompar - - 28

Normandy - - 294

Northumber'and, Duke 109

Noel Ear: of Gainsborough 187

Norton - - 398

North Lord North - 293

North Lord Gui ford - ib.

Norvel of that Ilk - 351

Norvel of Gargunnock 352

Norville of Bogha 1 - 91

Ogill of Poppil • - 348

Ogilvie - - 294

Ogi vie of Auchrerhouse 295

Ogi vie Ear of Airly - ib.

Ogilvie of Deskford - ib.

Ogilvie of Findlater - ib.

Ogilvie Lord BanfF - 296

Ogilvie of Lintrathan - 295

Ogilvie of Innerquharity 296

Ogilvie of BaJbegno - ib.

Ogilvie of Boyne - ib.

Ogi vie of Inchmartin 297

Ogiivie of Craigie - ib.

Ogilvie of Balfour - ib.

Ogiivie of Logic - ib.
Ogilvie of Newgrange 171, ib.

Ogilvie of Ragai ib.

Ogilvie of airnousie - ib.

, ie of Birnies - ib.

. ie of Glasshaugh ib.
Ogilvie of Barras 189, ib.

Ogilvie of Clunie - ib.

Ogilvie of Inthewen _ - ib.

i'itmouis 298

Ogilvie Provost of Banff" ib.

Oldcastle 409

Oliphant Lord Oliphant 240

Oliphant of Kelly - ib.

Oliphant of Bachi'ton ib.

Oliphant of C assbinny ib.

Ol phant of Cask - ib.

Oliphant, Laurence ib.

XVI

INDEX OF SURNAMES,

Page.

Oliphant of Condie - 240

Oiiphant of Kinnedder ib.

O iphant of Langton 24 1

Oliphant of Culquhair ib.

Ormond, Duke 73

Ord - f 358

Ormiston 354

Orneel - ib.

Orkney 413

Orrock - - 428

Osborne in England - in
Osborne Duke of Leeds 111,357

Ostelii in Stiria 245

Oswald - - 260

Oswald of Fingalton - ib.
Otterburn 244,331

Otterburn of Redhall - ib.

Ouston 65
Oxford, See 332,354

Oxford University 426

Palatine, Prince 214

Palmer - 361

Palmer Earl of Castlemain 393

Panther of Pitmedden 341

Panther of Newmains ib.

Papal Ensign - 109

Paris 416

Parkhill - - 326

Park of Fulfordlies 324

Paravisini 350

Paston - 73

Paton - 243

Paton of Kinaldie - _ 40
Paton of Ferrochie 40, 243
Paterson 342,354

Paterson of Bannockburn ib.

Paterson of Dunmure ib.

Paterson of Seafield - ib.

Paul in France - 356

Paulet Earl of Boiingbroke 82

Paulet, Earl 398

Paulet Duke of Bolton ib.

Paxton - - 1 68
Pearson of Balmadies 168, 157

Pearson of Kippenross 168

Pearson in England 234

Peacock 349

Peckham - - 73

Peebles 349

Peit 63

Pennycook of that Ilk 424

Pennycook of Newhall ib.

Pent and of that Ilk - 303
Pepdie of Dunglass 270, 349

Pepin in France - 191

Perth 334

Pettigrew - 243
Peterborough, See 147,419

Petre Lord Petre 104

Phenwick - - 355

Philps - - 212

Philps of Amrycloss - ib.

Pierrepont in England 244

Pierrepont Marquis of Dor-

chester

Pikton in England
Piperat in France
Pine -

Pittendreich
Pitb ado of that Ilk
Pitcairn -

Pitfield in England
Pisson in Fiance
Plantagenet
Platt in England
Plendeneith of Blyth
St Pole

Polwarth of that Ilk -
Pomerule in France -
Pomfrey -

Pont of Shires-Mill
Pontevez in France -
Porteous of Haikshaw
Porteous of Craig-Lockhart
Porter in England
Portugal -

Porterfield of that Ilk -
Powmale in England
Powry of Woodcocksholm
Poynings -

Preston of that Ilk
Preston of Whitehill
Preston of Formartin
Prime in England -

Primerose -
Primerose of Carrington
Primerose, Viscount -
Primerose Earl of Roseberry
Pringle of Torsonce -
Pringle of Ga'ashiels -
Pringle of Whitebank
Pringle of Torwoodlee
Pringle of Stitchel -

Pringie of Newhall
Pringle of Greenknow
Pring'e of Burnhouse
Provan -

Provence, a County
Purdie -

Purves

Purves of that Ilk
Puted in France
Pyreton -

Page.

Quincy

391
358
264
365
141
319
211
350
358

108,365
392
393

19
203

- 366
369
258
412
328

ib.
427
185

88
117
133

88
305

ib.
306
265
371
372
373

ib.
360
- ib.

ib.

ib.
361
1 74, ib.

ib.
367

37
400
209

ib.
205
365

209

RadclifFEarlof Derwentwater 94

Rae

Rait - -

Rait of Halgreen -
Rait of Pitforthie -

Rait Merchant in Dundee
Ra'ston of that Lk -
Ramsay Earl of Dalhousie
Ramsay of Russel . -

327
123

ib.

ib.
365
340
341

Ramsay of Colluthie
Ramsay of Balmain
Ramsay of Whitehill
Ramsay of Waughton
Ramsay of Edington
Ramsay in France
Ramsay in England
Ramorny

Randolph Earl of Murray
Rankin of Orchardhead
Rankin in Perth
Rattray

Rattray of Craighnll
Ravousbergh in Germany
Raynsford

Rich Earl of Warwick
Refuge in France
Reid of Collision
Reid of Pitfoddels
Renton

Renton of that Ilk
Renton of Billie
Rennie

Richard Earl of Warwick
Richardson
Richmond, Duke
Richmond
Redpath of that Ilk
Redpath of Angelraw
Riddel of that Ilk
Riddel of Minto
Rigg of Carberry
Rigg of Riggsland
Rind - . -

Robertson of Struan
Robertson of Faskally
Robertson of Muirton
Robertson of Newbigging
Robertson in Tranent
Roberts

Roberts Earl of Radnor
Roberton of that Ilk
Roberton of Earnock
Roberton of Bedlay
Rochford in England
Rochester, See
Rochhead of Innerleith
Rochhead of Whitsomhill
Roger - - i

Rohan in France
Rollo Lord Roilo
Rollo of Powhouse
Rouet, Katherine
Rome
Ronald

, Roper of Tenham
Rossie of that Ilk
Rossenbergi in Franconia
Rose in France
Rose in England
Ross, Earls
Ross of Balnagowan
Ross of Morinchie
Ross of Knockbreck
Ross of Pilkerie
Ross of Kindace

Page.

341

ib.

ib.
219
361
1 80

399
ib.

128
ib.
156
118
117

342

ib.

156
412
178

355

J30

3°3

«75

229

3.'S

ib.
366

ih.
141

ib.
124

323
324

ib.

ib.
294
258

399
ib.
ib.

219

' J47

3,6

ib.

208
3'7

428
426

293

292

39
'34

37'

299

300

ib.
ib.
ib.
ilx

INDEX OF SURNAMES,

Ross

Rose of Kilravock

Ross Lord Ross

Hi) -of Sanquhar

Ross of Kinfauns

Ross of Auchlossen

Ross of Inch

Ross of Craigie

Ross of Hcnning

Ross of Portivo

Ross of Nuik

Ross of Marchinch

Ross of Clova

Rowentrce - •

Ruffoli in France

Rule

Rumor

Rutherford of that Ilk

Rutherford of Hunthill

Rutherford Earl of Teviot

Rutherford of Hundelee

Rutherford of Fernilee

Rutherford of Fairnington

Ruthven

Ruthven Lord Ruthven

Page.
406
407

ib.

ib,

ib.
408

ib.

364

265

'57
176

'77
ib.

178
ib.
ib.

ib.

Russel Duke of Bedford 81,361

429
246

292

.Scaia in Italy -

Salis in Genoa
Salisbury, See . - 259
Salmon - -

Sandys in England 111,219

Sanderson - 90

Sandilands Lord Torphichen 92

Sandilands of St Monan's 93

Sandilands of Comiston ib.

Sandilands, Lord St John ' 92

Sandilands of Craibston ib.

Sandilands of Hilderston ib.

Sandilands in Rotterdam ib.
Sandilands Dean of Guild

of Edinburgh ib.

Sardinia - - 261

Sawers - 36

Savage Earl of Rivers 300

Saville Marquis of Halifax 353

Savoy's Ensign - 109

S.ixony - - 306

Sclavonia - 262

Schieres - - 398

;and - - 264

Scott of Hundleshope 433

Scott of Balwearie - 303

Scott of Abbotshall - ib.

Scott of Ancrum - - ib.

Scott of Logic - - 58

Scott of Buccleugh 87

So -t of Balwyrie - 86

Scott of Thirlestane - 97

Scott of Harden - ib.

Scott of High-Chefter ib.

Scott of Thirlton ib.

Scott of Galashiels - ib.

Scott of Raeburn - ib.

Page.

ScOtt of Wool - y-

Scott of Scotstarvet - ib.

Scott of Lethem - 98

Scott, Steward of Orkney ib.

Scott of Harwood - ib.

Scott of Greenhill - ib.

Scott of Falenash - ib.

Scott of Mallctiy ib.

Scott of Balmouth - ib.

Scott of Gorcnberry - ih.

Scott of Bevelaw - ib.
Scott of Vogrie

Scott of Toderick - ib.

Scott of Bttnrau- - ib.

Scott of Pitlochie - ib.
Scott, Sheriff-Clerk 98,172

Scott in Holland - 98

Scott of Ely - 99

Scott of Sp.encerfieH - ib.

Scott of Whitehaugh - ib.

Scott of Hedderwick 172

Scrogie - - 364

Scrimgeour - - 288

Scrimgeour of Kirkton ib.

Scrimgeour of Dundee ib.

Scrimgeour of Bowhill ib.

Scrimgeour of Cartmore ib.

Schevez - - 325

Sample Lord Sernple 424

Semple of Beltrees - ib.

Scniple in Sweden - ib.
Seaton of that Ilk 105, 180

Seaton Earl of Winton 23 1

Seaton of Parbroth - 236

Seaton of Lathrisk - ib.

Seaton of Meldrum - ib.
Seaton of Pitmedden 237, 265

Seaton of Tough - 238

Seaton of Gargunnock ib.

Seaton of Abercorn - ib.

Seaton of Cariston - ib.

Seaton of Barns - ib.

Seaton Earl of Dunfermline 239

Seaton of St Germams ib.

Sr.iton Viscount of Kingston ib.

Seaton of Garleton ib.

Soros of Dundee 398

Sfor/a - - 289

Schaftcngergi in Bavaria 29

Scluftehause in Switzerland 334

Sharp 42

Shaw - - 214

Shaw of Sauchie -- 422

Shaw of Grecnock - ib.

Shaw of Bargarran - ih.

Shaw of Sornbeg - ib.

Shields - - 185

Shirley Earl of Ferrers 187

SheffieldDukeof Buckingham 367

Shelly in England 306, 335, 358

Shuttleworth in England 430

Shewal - 25

Shewal of that Ilk - 68

Sibbald of Balgonie — 125

Sibbald of Rankeilor - ib.

Sibbald, Doctor of Medicine ib.

Pago.

Sibbald, Minkter at Aberdeen 125

mind King of Poland
Sigismund Prince of Tran-
sylvania — — ib.
Sydscrf - 377
Sydscrf of Collegehead ih.
f of Rochlaw - ib.
Swillington - 151
Simm — — 400
Simpson — 81
Simpson of Urdoch 244
Simpson of Thornton
Sinclair in.
Sincl.iir of Roslin i i ,
Sinclair E.irl of Orkney ib.
Sincl.iir of Ra\vnsheugh 120
Sincl.iir Lord Sine! i!>.
Sinclair Ejrl of Caithness i!>.
Sinclair of Herdrn.iiHton 121
Sinclair of Longform.icus ib.
Sinclair of Stevenston 122
Sincl.iir of Bl.r - ib.
Sinclair of Freswick ib.
Sinclair of Dumbeath ib.
Sinclair of Ulbster ib.
Sincl.iir of Thurso — ib.
Sinclair of Brimmcs — ' ib.
Sinclair of Dun - ib.
Sinclair of Stajnstarc ih.
Sinclair of Stircock - ib.
Sinclair, Writer in Edinburgh ib.

123

ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.

37
335

33*
292

Sinclair of Oldbar

Skene of that Ilk —

Sktne of Halyards

Skene of Easter-Fintray

Skene of Newtilc

Skene of Ramore -

Skene of Dycc

Skirvine -

Sleich of Sleich-hf

Sloswick in Denmark

Slowmait

Slewman -

Smart - —

Smciton -

Smith in England

Smith of Gibliston

Smith of Dirleton

Smith of Bracco -

Solis in Spain

Somerville Lord Somerville 255

Somervilleof Drum 255,128

Somerville of Camnethan 256

Sonenberg in Switzerland 229

Soules Lord Li 18, 156

Spain - 409

Spalding 112, 120

S pence — —

Spencc of Vs'ormiston

Spittle 243

Spittle of Leuchat —

Spot —

Spottiswood of that Ilk

Sprottie —

Spruell - -

Square - —

405

3°3
221,349

369, 140

3°9
428
229

198

• 342

ib.

362

358

427

xvni

INDEX OF SURNAMES,

Stacy

Stanhope

Stanly Earl of Derby

Staplcton

Stark

Stark of Killermont

Stella in Genoa —

Sternberg in Germany

Stewart -

Stewart Earl of Buchan

Stew.irt Earl of Carrick

Page.

353

265

398

333
ib.

246
ib.

42.47
48,50

Stewart Duke of Albany 48

Stewart of Bonkill 48, 402

.Stewart Earl of Angus 48

Stewart Lord Darnly — 49

Stewart Earl of Galloway ib.

Stewart of Minto — ib.

Stewart Lord Blantyrc ib.

Stewart of Castlemilk ib.

Stewart of Torrcnce — ib.

Stewart of Irmermeth, or Lorn ib.

Stewart of Craigie 50

Stewart of Rosyth ib.

Stewart Earl of Athol ib.

Stewart Earl ot Traquair ib.

Stewart of Gairntully 51

Stewart of Innernytie ib.

Stewart of Balcaskie — ib.

Stewart of Tongorth - ib.

Stewart of Blackball 51, 291

Stewart, Walter, Advocate ib. 292

Stewart of Scotston 51

Stewart of Garth — ib.

Stewart of Ladywell — ib.

Stewart of Inchbrock — ib.

Stewart of Johnston — ib.

Stewart of Allanton 52, 292

Stewart of Dalswinton ib.

Stewart of Corme ib.

Stewart of Craigins ib.

Stewart Earl of Bute ib.

Stewart of Newhall ib.

Stewart of Ascog — ib.

Stewart of Strabork ib.

•Stewart of Inchbrock ib.

Stewart of Rosling — ib.

Stewart of Burray 52, 410

Stewart of Bighton — 53

Stewart of Newark 53, 172

Stewart of Drummin ib.

Stewart in Dundee — ib.

Stewart in London - ib.

Stewart Earl of Orkney 107, 259
Stewart of Fothergale 105

Stewart Earl of Murray 1 08

Stewart of Listen 292

Stephen King of England 307
Steven 263

Stevenson of Hermisheils 379
Stevenson of Chester ib.

Stevenson, Doctor of Medicine ib.
Stirling 401

Stirling of Keir - ib.

Stirling of Glorat — 402

Stirling of Law — ib.

Stirling of Herbcrtshire ib.

Page.

Stirling of Ardoch 402

Stirling, George — ib.

Stirling of Craigbornet ib.

Stirling in Dundee — ib.

Stirling of Bankcll ii).

Strachan of Thornton 326

Strachan of Glenkindie ib.

Straiton of that Ilk 61

Straiton of Lawriston ib.
Strange of Balcaskie 162, 205

Strathern, Earls ^58

Strathallan 327

Stockdale 364

Stormaria — 350

Stourton Lord Stourton 1 04

Sturmy in England 292

Strode in England 33 1

Sturgeon — 216

Studman — 335

Sweden — 417

Swinton of that Ilk — 315

Swallow — — 352

Swanbergi in Germany 350

Sundil in France — 195

Sutherland) Earl 254

Sutherland Lord Duftus ib.

Sutherland of Kinstory 255

Suttie of Balgone — 302

Sunnybank in England 229

Sydney Earl of Leicester 40 ^
Seymour Duke of Somerset 200

Symes in England 245

Symmcr of Balyordie 363

Symonston 398

Symington 9 1

Tarbet

Tail of Pirn

Trapp

Tayrie —

Telzephcr

Temple —

Tennant of Cairns

Tennant of that Ilk

Tennant of Lynhouse

Tennant of Lennes

Tennant Provostof Edinburgh

216,357
146, 306
405
118

149
412
146

ib.

Thomson — 330

Thomson Lord Havcrsham 230
Thornton 266

Thynne Viscount of Wey-

mouth — 67

Tillotson 89

Tindel — 212

Tod 325

Toddridge — — 355

Toledo in Spain 259

Toulouse, Country - 117

Toshach of Mcnivaird 398

Torthorol — — 218

Torry ~ 306

Touch 292

Townes - — ' 400

Touuis — — 26

Turing of Foreran

Tours — —

Tours of Innerleith

Turner —

Tourney in England

Trail

Trail of Blcbo

Traleman

Tracy

Trauier in France

Trevor

Tremains in England

Trinitarians

Trotti in Milan

Trotter

Trotter of Prentanan

Trotter of Mortonhall

Trotter of Catchelraw

Trotisham in England

Troup of that Ilk

Trowbridge {-

Tufrton Earl of Thanet

Tulloch

Tullideff

Turnbull

Turnbull of Minto

Page.

100
409

223

J57

212
ib.

'79
90

'57
26

262
114

*.?
306
316

ib.

ib.
219
326
412

'74

117,129
326
332
333

Turnbull of Stickcathran ib.

Turnbull of Know ib.

Turlinger 28
Turkey Company in England i 7 1

Turner - 429

Tuscany, Dukedom - 221

Tweedie of Drumelzicr 145

Valange 408

Valange of Lochend - ib.
Valence in England 25, 62

Valeria in Spain 245

Vanort - 246

Vasani in Venice 40

Varana in Italy 19

Vass of Dirleton - 91

Vans of Barnbaroch 92

Veck - 36

V'eitch of Dawick - 334

Venasijues in Franco 117
Venice - 290, 426

Vermandois in France 189

Verner of Auchintinnie 319

Verney Lord Willougliby 116

Vere Earl of Oxford 26

De Vexin in France 18
Villiers Dukeof Buckingham 361

Villikier in France 117

Violle in France - 156

Virtemberi in Germany 330

Udney of that Ilk 325

Udney of Auchterallan 326

Umphray 391

Umphraston 393

Umfravilles - - 391

Udward - - 412

Underwald - 419

Uiquhart of Cromarty 319

INDEX OF SURNAMES, fcrY.

Urquhart of Craigston

Urquhart of Ncwhall

Urquhart of Meldrum

Urrie of Pitfichic

Uri in Swit/erland

Usher

Ursini in Venice

Urcins in France

Wa's in France

Wallace

Wallace of Craigie

Wallace of Ellerslie

Wallace of Ingliston

Wallace of Aberbrotliwick

Walker

Walterson

Walkinshaw of that Ilk

Walkinshaw of Scotston

Wallop

Walterton

Warcup in England

Ward

Ward Lord Ward

Wardlaw of that Ilk

Wardlaw of Torry

Wardlaw of Pitrcvie

Wardlaw of Riccartdrt

Wardlaw of Wariston

Waite

Waite of Rosehill

WaterfaouM

W.itson of Saughton

Watson of Craslat

Watson in Aberdeen

Watson in Peterhead

Watson of Wallace-Craigie

Watson of Glentarkie

W.uich

Wauchope of Niddry

Page.

ib.
ib.
289

333
3°4
320

28
280

ib.
174, ib.

ib.
280

'43
156
364
ib.

94
260
422

37
189

210
ib.
ih.
ib.
21 I
363

ib.

200

45» 363
ib.

- ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
82
72,82

Wauchope of Edmonstone 82

Walsh ' 141

W.indisford 290

W'.-npont 209

W- -lister 430

W-ddel - 141

Wedderburn 371

Wedderburn of East-Powrie
Wedderburn of Blackness
Weel

Weir of Black wood -

Weisemvolf in Germany
Wemyss, Earl
Wemyss of Rerres -
Wemyss of Fude -

Wemyss of Balfargie -
Wentworth - -

Weston - -

Westphalia - -

Wharton, Earl
Whippo -

White - -

White of Bennochy -
White of Burnctshiels
Whiteford - -

Whiteford of Blairquhan
Whiteford

Whitelaw of that Ilk 319,
Whitlaw -

Whitehead -

Whittingham in England
Widdrington, Lord -
Widdrington Lord Widdring-

ton -

Widderspoon -

Widville Earl of Rivers
Wigmure of that Ilk
W immure -
Wigton - -

Wilkic - -

Wilson of Croglin -
Wilson of Plewlands
Wilson, David
Wilson of Queensferry
Wilson of Fingach -
Wilson in Fraserburgh
Wilson in Edinburgh
Williamson -

Williamson in Kirkcaldy
Williamson of Hutchinfield
Willoughby 63,

Wiiulygatc -

Winton of Strathmartin 140,

371

ib.
346

57
325
276
277

ib.

ib.
304
106
306
427
363
392

ib.

ib.
367
368

90
161

3 19
ib.

258
30

94
123
151

87
103
363

57
161

ib.

ib.
i6a

ib.
146

ib.

215

4 '3
354

Winchester

Winchester, Sec

Winram

Windsor Earl of Plymouth

Windsor Lord Mountjoy

Winwood

Whittaker

\Yish.irt

Wiseman

Wright

Wolli in Fraticonia

Wood

• of Colpny

- of Bonnyton

- of Balbigno

of Largo

of Craig

• of Grangchaugh
Wordie of Trabrcck
Worcester, See
Wycomb, English
Wyllie - 10

Page.

364

419

334
,30
ib.
117
213

201
246

43°
323
362

ib.

ih.

ib.

ib.
394

220
" 298

Yetts - 413

York, See 419

Young - - 203

Young of Oldbar ib.

Young of Leny - ib.

Young of Rosebank - ib.

Young of 1 '..little Kl - ib.

Young, Bishop of Edinburgh ib.

Young in England 371

Younger - - 203

Younger of Hopperston ib.

Yule - - 369

Yule of Darleith - ib.

Yule of Leehouses - ib.

Ziconians 426

Zealand in die Netherlands 62

Zealand - - 301

Zouch Lord Ashby - 187

Zurich, a Swiss Canton -ifi

ALPHABETICAL LIST

OF THE

(ORIGINAL) ENCOURAGERS OF THIS UNDERTAKING, WHOSE
ACHIEVEMENTS ARE ENGRAVED ON COPPERPLATES.

No. Plate.

Abercromby of Tullibody
Aboyne, Earl
Agnew of Lochnaw
Agnew of Lochryan
Anderson, Mr James
Anstruther of that Ilk
Argyle, Duke

3
'9

9
i

n
1 6

12
14

7
1 1

19
22

Baird of Auchmedden

Baird of Newbyth

Balmerino, Lord

Bannerman, Mr Robert

Belhaven, Lord

Bennet of Grubet

Binning of Walliford

Birnie of Broomhill

Blair of that Ilk

Buntein of Ardoch

Buntein of Mildovan

Bothwell of Glencross

Brand, Sir Thomas

Brent, Humphrey

Britain, the Royal Arms thereof.

Brodie of that Ilk - 15

Brown of Bonnyton - 23

Brown of Dolphington 10

Brown of Eastfield 23

Bruce of Kennet - lo

Buchan, Earl 4

Buchanan of Carbeth 22

Buchanan of Drummakill 13

Burnside of Whitelaw 10

Campbell of Aberuchill 15

Campbell of Auchtenny 9

Campbell, Mr Alexander 6

Campbell, Mr Archibald 22

No. Plate.

Campbell of Ardkinlass 7

Campbell, Mr Colin 22

Campbell of Craignish - 6
Campbell of Craignish his

old Seal 6

Campbell of Finnab - 6

Campbell of Lochnell 8

Campbell of Moy - 21

Campbell, Mr Robert 5

Campbell of Shawfield 9

Campbell of Stonefield" 10

Carmichael, Esq. William 14

Carre, Mr John 2 1

Cathcart of Carbiston 1 2

Cathcart, Master 14

Chalmers of Cults. - 21

Chancellor of ShiefdhiU 10

Cheyne, George 23

Cleland of that Ilk - 9

Clerk of Pennycuik - 10

Colquhoun of Luss - 22

Crawfurd of Cartsburn 2 1

Cunningham of Balquhan 19
Cunningham of Cayenne in

America - 2
Cunningham of Cunning-

hamhead - 6

Dalrymple of Cranston 13

Dalrymple, James, his Seal 6

Dalrymple of North-Berwick 6

Dalrymple, Mr Robert 20

Dempster of Pitliver - 15

Dickson of Inneresk 19

Don of Newton 14
Don of Spittle - . 23

Douglas of Cavers - 14

Douglas of Cruxton - 23

Douglas of Glenbervie 8

Douglas, Mr Walter - 1 1

Duff of Bracco - 5

No. Plate.

Dunbar of Machrimore 23
Dunbar of Westfield - 7

Duncan of Lundy - 16

Dundas of Arniston - 8

Dundas of Duddingston 16

Dundas of that Ilk - 15

Dundas of Philpston • 16

Dundonald, Earl - a

Dunlop of that Ilk - 10

Eccles of Kildonan
Elibank, Lord
Elphinston, Lord
Erskine, Charles, Esq.
Erskine, Thomas, Esq.
Erskine of Dun
Erskine of Grange
Erskine of S heel field
Ewen of Craigton

Fairfax. Lord
Fergusson of Craigdarroch
Fergusson of Kilkerran
Findlater, Earl
Fletcher of Salton
Forbes of Foveran
Foulis of Collington
Foulis of Woodhall
Fraser, William, Esq.
Fraser, Ross-Herald
Fullerton of that Ilk

GaKoway, Earl
Gibson of Pentland
Glasgow, Earl
Glencairn, Earl
Gordon of Alton

'9
'9

4
12

1 1

23
'7

4
9
4
4

ALPHABETICAL LIST, Vc..

No. Plate.

Gordon of ArdmeHie 21

Gordon of Earlston 12
Gordon of Earlston, as on

an old Seal - 17

Gordon of Nethermuir 1 6

Graham of Gartmore 19

Graham of Killearn • 17

Graham of Meiklewoqd 21

Graham of Morphy - 5

Graham of Orchill - 23

Grant of Cullen 8

Haddington, Earl i

Haig of Bemerside 7

Hairstanes of Craigs 1 2

Haldane of Gleneagles - 8

llaliburton of Newmains 16

Hall of Dunglass - 17

Hamilton, Duke r

Hamilton of Daichmont 20

Hamilton of Pencaitland 20

Hammond of Somersham 1 8

Hannay of Sorbie - 23

Hay, Lord Alexander - 1 1

Hay, Lord William - 16

Hepburn of Humbie 1 9

Hepburn of Smeiton - 14

Heron of that Ilk - 20

Henries of Mabie i o

Houghton, Sir Henry 8

Home, Alexander 17

Home of Blackadder - 8

Home of Hume-Castle - 13

Home of Kimmerghame 16

Home of RentonandLumsden 23

Hope of Balcomie - 10

Hopetoun, Earl - 3

Jiorseburgh of that Ilk 1 7

Hyndford, Earl - 2

Jardine of Applegirth
Ing is of Cramond
Innes, Alexander . -
Johnston of Gratney
Johnfton of Westraw
Justice of East-Crichton

Kennedy of Dunure
Ker of Abbotrule
Ker of Cavers
Ker, Lord harles
Ker of Littledean
fvintore, Earl
Kirk, Colin
Knox of Ranfurly

Lander of Bass

I -aider of Fountaiiihall

Laudcrdnle, Earl

Laurie of Maxwclton

Leven, Earl

Logan of that Ilk

2
21
18

3
i3

Logan of Burncastle
Lovat, Lord
Loudon, Earl
Lumisden of Innergelly
Lund in of that Ilk
Lyle, Lord -*

M'Lellan of Barclay
M'Lfl.an, Provost of Edin-
burgh

M'Dowall, Mr Andrew
M'Dcwall of Crichen
M'Dowall of Culgroat
M'Dowall of Freu.,;h
M'Dowall of Garthland
M'Dowall, Baron ef Lodvica
M'Dowall of I,ot- n
M'Dowall of Stodrig
M'Naughtan of that Ilk
M'Oucen, Captain John
Marchmont, Earl
Marjoribanks of that Ilk
Maxwell of Cardiness
Maxwell of Kirkconneli
Maxwell of Monreith
Maxwell of Pollock
Menzies of that Ilk
Menzleg of Culdairs
Melville, Earl
Mercer of Aldie
Mitchell of that Ilk
Mitchell of Addiston
Mitchelson of Middleton
Monypenny of Pitmillie
Monro of Foulis
Monteith of Millhall
Montgomery of Coilsfield
Montgomery of Lainshaw
Montrose, Duke
Morton, Earl
Mow, or Molle, of Mains
Mure of Caldwell
Murdoch of Cumloden
Murray of Broughton
Milne, Robert, Writer

Napier, Lord
Napier of Culcreuch
Newark, Lady
Newton of that Ilk
Nisbet of that Ilk
Nisbet of Dean
Nisbet of Dirleton
Nisbet of Greenholm
Nisbet of Northfield

Ogilvie of Balbegno
Ogilvie of Innerquharity

Panmure, Earl
Pitcairn of Dreghorn
Pollock of that Ilk

ate.

No.

Plate.

Porteous of Craig-Lockhart

Primrose, Viscount

Pringle of Clifton

Pringle of Newhall

Pringle of Stitchel

Pringle of Torsonce

Pringle of Whitebank

-4

Queensberry, Duke

Reav, Lord

Rothes, Earl

Roxburgh, Duke

-5

Rutherglen, Earl _ •

Russel of Broadshaw

Rutherford of that Ilk

Rutherford cf Fairnilce

Salton, Lord

Scott of Ancrum

Scott of Galashieis

Scott of Harden

j
14

~ '

Scott of Harwood

1-*

Scott of Hundleshope

Scott of Scotstarvet

Scott of Thirlestane

Scotland, the Royal Arms

I5-

thereof, before the Union

of the Crowns.

Seaton of Pi;medden

Seaton, Captain Robert

Shaw of Greenock

»7

Sinclair of Longformacus

Somerville of Drum

Stair, Earl

/
I

Stewart of Blackball

Stewart of Burray

Stewart of Sorbie ' -

Stewart, Mr Walter

Strachan of Glenkindie

Strathmore, Earl

Swinton of that Ilk

Suttie of Balgone

Symmer, John

Torphichen, Lord

Touboucanti, Medal

Trotter of Prentanan

v,u,w.

Vans of Barnbaroch

Veitch of Dawick

Urquhart of Newhall

Wales, Prince

Warrender of Lochend

Wemyss, Earl

Weycombe, Anthony
Whiteford of Blairquhan

Winton, Earl

9 Wood of iionnyton

Vol.!

Z, i/<7/i £. otStrathmore

\ \UJ_LLLL'

nwnt £. <7/ MarcTurumt

tZ-Aai/ L, • \ii\iu

•— _fc- — ^» -_ii_— -— _^

Ciiranqlwme E afGltnrairn

^^. w ^*^. ^ v ^>^^ ^^^^

__
Stewart E afGallcnv,

: .-. , ~ . ^

rtfanjlon

\\DonuIl of Gurthlanit

DomlLBanm ofL cJi i^nin .SV.-.i

-pf Io.SummirM\-cnmiant totfiefjyunvalait^

The old Seat, of jtrms of t/u
Campbells offraiqnifh as app
ended iff fjtarters graniedty them

of frtawrfc Kar'

of (ltniiii/l<ninli.,i,l />'.

of'Mrd Btnmk

licrthivelLof- Glenavis

*>^ ^f w. t j.

C ampbelL ofArdkinlis

-:;^?VVHE AIJDE fjyv^g

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£^& , '\'?

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i bet or Dean Bar?

Grant ofCuJlfn Bart

**^^

\l//rr./.v ,'» Rrffu

a*^

PERK

RT.VV PERIC'JLX SPER

'.•i4-» <^" InntrtftJ/tontif

Aiillntthcr cith.it Ilk B,;r/

AM HK-\i)v

IO.

Tertntnin ct CraunLimch

^ J ^. J - i- _

* \~~

Jiatrltent

GordonofEarl^fcnin "Barft

S1JAS

¥ ? »

. 7 // nieotJi um ecu lilt

^ f-g^rius EX Aspgjfr^_

teramran. at. \iffurnmSarf

Buchanan ofDrumakm

., ^^Sl^2^^ ~^VM^^^' ^"

L harlej MASTER crCathcart

Dan or Newtaun. Bar*

I'lat,

/ nanon.cfftatIlkRAuiht<

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Mr Walkr StonzrlAlu t(

T)emp(lfr or Pitlnrer

Vuiuan at- Lundir.

Hume of Kimnurahame

Mjmro jt eaulit K'rt Barf

'SMacjtCfr&tH frf i

Cwwwhajn of SogJiiMvi

at Ljachruan.

Lrwlis afCramanaBar.1

W^ ^*c_ ^>^^ ^-^ ^»^

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J, U '

lahnJtan. at \\7~ftrair

nitcnei of- Auerflaun

Fnarforuvanis at- thatllk

^^*-^ ^-^*-^ ^*^ "^ ^^ ^_-^^».

C reonurd at Carttlnirn.

rarteous or Crcualockruirt

Monnupennv offitmilhj

_
friasyr Rqfc Herald

Thomas lyraim otoanntawn.

^— *

BINDING SECT. APR 8 t98C

PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE
CARDS OR SUPS FROM THIS POCKET

UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY

1816

v.l

Nisbet, Alexander

A system of heraldry
New ed.

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