Skip to main content

Full text of "tar14"

See other formats


^3^ 1 AJli^Jw- 




A ^ 



J»> 



vjjijkjij- 



1996 '<^:^M\ k:Z^\ ^ 



: OljiJi * 



./307651. 303339 /i-WU » /sOStW jj^l* * (w^^ ,/^* gjLiJi 42 • /pUh}\ j^jJ* □ 

,0-1^ c->ji /4006 L^.^ ♦ /276838- 271753/ i-WU w ^jU 2 P-jLi 28* 
!= : Ol_pJl 

./00961-^343701/^U* /343701 - 352826 /jul* « /l 13-5158 /^c/' • 



^1 



i 









r 






.-r- 



ci-^i^^ 







i^\ d,iLii\y^j!i 




^j^l JJI JLP 








I 



u^l 



f> JaUJI J>UI i»M5 



- 0^\ •Ai-\ _ 




.^1 JJ :^.J. 

•• • -i ^ 

4Jlij : .j- 



J^ upi (u-ji) l>^. «3r j-U;yi SiU ^ .^^L._^- *^jV-L- ;^jU^ 




(cT-Ji) ^-i*-: Of La \ijj . i^J JL>i>J| ^1 ,__>. ^^1 





OLjJj uiJ _ c^j o«^w>f J ♦ii^ . Llii^- 



6 











7 



^^1 ^J^\ A »JA» 



Qjjlxri jrfOMS J,^ i^U^dt-^U 



9 



I 



V«-l*Jl JJL-^I J[ cJxJl lii .^L-LJI jUJfj olil>Jlj oljjillj 



ijU-:L-l ^ls:^L j>.j; bblj ^LrVl v=^ Jj Ml lijj . V'Ui;^l i^-k; 

jjli^^ ^IJ^I Os^jJ*Jl "-a-li- ^ t^lj«lij j^^Jj-lo^-Jl Al]a>-f 2t>.-^ 

^ OUiVl J^;-io ^^1 j^^Ul JliJl;HJ VMii ^ >l_pj| ^^ J>^f 

J IjCju jOJ Ur i5jjj icA^ Oj5i of ,>jf 2J>>^ c-j'f of Jbjf 



(Ajb J*;»^j ^J->JI jlii«-j Ol-bj ^Ij i^_^Ul ilif) iJOiJI ^jbSUl Of 



jlJl .g^l Jl3i!l jS-^l .^J;^ J ,j^._,bJ| ^^, ^US- ju^ 1^ ^j^l J,|juj_,^ (,) 



. (jJlUl) 1992 , oj^j «UJ 



11 



;l^,^ ^-i^\ji.\ ^jJU L-i U .ia-JjJl nl.JbJl ti^l rL^J o-U::*Jl 



^ tf » 




-L UL c>L L^f JJLJ LJi . ^Ul Ji bjjai j^\LJ.jJu^ 



L**^i ^.j^ <JjVl "-^.-^ ^ij (H-^ -Mi" :<^l-^' <^'^' M 



^Ul Jipt 4. ,_j:S; ^y:^ JWI ^^j ytJ ^ a. V .:)L'U Uy ^' 



^ Of viLi V . ^^1 ^y^l iji^ JWI uJLasJl LJ jXi LfrJL^ jJl 

VI 

tf.iaiJl pJUJi ^^ tOVl j^r ^mi £4lJl of JJ Ajf Ot Ja2i Oijt 



Vi ^}i>CJ V tAjijij i^UjT ti-^Uirlj 4-J»i lij_^ Jj-L>Jl <--llaC^ 



. Ji> JL.f ^j S^ i,j^ 



12 



II 






^ tU^UJ ^ ij^jJli iilw-il. .!» .S/IJJI ^^ UJ^to*. ^_^UJI 5>4 






j^ tLJl <^j-^LJl y^\:S \ju Ujup ijU»u«.i 4^Uf ^ ^^IsJl 



art L. o^ . cr^LJl (f l*^ (i^l^Jl jU>^l >>u-J , ^"l^lj 




I 



t^^^LJl OlAJf jJ <-J_yLjl ^\a ^ (»wi_; U tj-l^l (ij-« UiJbf 



.-Jli-t 



J 



of bb U^, "bl .^iJb-Vl dUL" j^ :iJl3j tUl^ iJli O^j i-U '*JL.t=^^ 

.^Ji ... hy^ obl<-i jf tUnyj jf ijjU Lli jj^^l OjSi 

U riaJ^I ^ U ?d^Ji»Jl ^ U : Jl. JJL^ ju.jUl ij**4i. j*i 
S^Lt *^ ^>- ,c^" ^j^- JJU^ l^ . . . ?^^UI ^ ^ 



13 






jjP J4>- iJi" ^y j^, ^t-Hfli . ^j>Jl irAJ jJcJ ;^f t*_iJtlllj JL4JI 








1 . . . i-ilij i»J) jf j-^ ».L jf h_f^^ ^j* jf *Jj-> ij~s--fj J^ 

. . . c5=i-i^b 



i-Jj^J aLjVI O^j ^ JLoli t JJ»idlj *i4j ?«^f U jJi ilj^b 



r*i 







W*" Jl 



i^r ^IjJtJl f^ J^Lci LJIj t^Ul .i-lJL>.f ^ J^Uo V ^j>Jl JJ OjJU-ijil Jli IJlJ (1) 



14 



ni 



^^1 ^tJI Jlj_L. Jj> ^^^ ^>JI >ijUI (^^^LJI 

'c*i>*J' *^*-^J 'urij*^' C'-'^' <^- -^i^-^' 'jA-^' l4#»-!)U ^j^ j^ 
.ioj>Jlj ijjbJLJl j>j?i-j>Jl oUUiJi ui!>brf-l j^j «U>;VI li^ Lij 



.^'U^l ^jiu^^ Js2*J ,_^Vl LJjtJl ^ *lLli. Jl*j l_^jla- .^l>- SiLi" 







i^iSUJl JJIJ^I l,,**»-j ii^ oUjj lji>wj toLj^^l ^ (iJjiijjjVl 



ipU*- U*l;j'f fS>^\>, JiuJ (_^l iji.^1 oJuJI ^xs. ^ JL»; (J , iljjJI 



^ . (2^LJU]| ikJUl JL->J ^1 ol— jJl ^j^^ ^>u- oiU Jj t iUi 



. JJ>cll J.U . ^^Ij ^1 j^^ (1) 



1981 .*UJI jUl . ojj,; ^^^1 JUiJl _jj;.| .;jjjj| j.^ bl;r_;iJ| (2) 



15 



.I<^ . j.J4l)l S^ Vj-JLli-JI SjjjJl S^ Cj-bfj iujjjVl ^,jl_^l ^ 












(^1 t JjVl JuUdI ^Uu UU la^" ^-j>Jl ^> Oil Ji*j . L-jJli; ^^l 

l^li. js»*«. i^ji-^*'' *-fJtJl ^^ ,_,f-Jl *ijii ^j tdjlS" JliJ 

. i^^aJI iSj-JJl ai>S^- dj i ^^jjjVl 

djjJb IJlaj (aJLJgJI />.^4i«j ^j^i C-^f^ ^jUjc:^*^! (_dJC:Jl Jeuj 

l^ l;->.7;7,..V li^ iiJ^I JU UU«- ji :ix^ Js^ U^ L>*ijL" l_^. 






16 



j»--aJI -uu: j^j t^UjUsJI ^^.j2>dl t^jU*s-.Vl ^j>JI j-i^ ,J 



^Ul 0>JI ^ijl^' Cr» 'K'"-' ^^^ '^^^ t^^J v^yi S>JI tJ^ 
l^ iU-^ i.J!AJI JJIJ^I > jji*JI jlkJl ^ ih-.t ^> . ^jjjVl 




i^L- Lu t t^>Jl jcijUl 2^1*^ tj-^ ^Mj' ^j- js^ ' *V- (i^Li. 
;^jLuiX«.Nl i-iJtJl ^_;^jUj j^JL2Jl j_^^l LJJtslI ^ -GjU JL>-f tt^^ 

JbJb- j]^ji\ ^.iJtJI IJLa .4».14:l- ^ *m\j *Jt Vi tV'^J -^^l^f J 




ij^\M^\ (.IjkJI t5ji^J 4;^Ij <c5J ^jP <-<^^ (>* Jc-^ ^ If^L 

t^f Jj* ^5*-LfJl <iiJ»JJ iA^^iAl ^Jji .iL„ai«Ji jf ij*«ij 

r 

•of >* l^jUjO^-y I JBijUJi ^J "Uj; JjaII . iljOJl ^j^ ijjij ^y AaS'Ujj 



^>JI ^jjJI j,^:^ DLJ UL. ^jLxL-Nl ^j>Jl ^ 01^ Li- 
^L.j^l) ,^^,2Ji>JI ^^L ;]ji ijU^I ,^>. ^ :JjVl J>. .LWoi 






^ ^u«J Ot >j>JI 01^ Aiy iJj:> ^^- ^ b>cKJ : ^liJl >>.->^ 



Jicd :ObJVl JjJL .^.jUl ujju (»-j ^ OUiiy c^b f^^' 

J-U:. ii-^ J^ ^ . J-l^ ci-^J^ii ^-.>JI J >ijUl ^tJl ^ 

■ t^^j^" iSj^\ "-J-i* 'iiJjj- •tJ'* t/ ^'^^' "^JJji f^* '^> 







17 



IV 






^ >JI SiUi i^Jl ^ aiJ>J J^ ^^. . y^^bi\ U>JI i^f c aJU^I 



^jJi jj^ , ij^ ijUj ij^j> j^. i--u^.^i j;^j> 01 . ^^^\ s 



uijt:^^! ^> ^Ui^l *U- U ^ .Oj^l oiyu; oLiiJl 








Lil>>JI Otj j^.jUl pJLo iJU j^dU Lil>>Jl ^ of ^ j-^jVl 



18 



t^oUaVl ^.jUl iJ^jil»^ ol>?^ iJU oJaP^^j^l *Ljji dV li^ij^f 






Jl ;>JI >=» .^i .^.LLiJl Jl V-WI u- ^iiLSiJl ^1 .^^1 ^ 



. ^jjll iJJhi ^O^ jjJl (VMJbliil Jj>«^ lAa:j;>. Sjj^l L!aJ^\ J jlijj 1 5jj j**J 



^ M 






t5^lj ^jy* tJJjdlj ^j,<a>»iJl (^IxJbj tjLlpVlj^jJl J>*l«*i Lfl .oljjJl 



m ^^ w lit at 







jj_^" lijU-dl '^Jj=rjj^\ ^}> !>li-_^ a-u* ^a*Jl .-i»-L^j *J^}LJj 
[^jj, J^j -OlSLdl t^Uir'^l tjL^Vl -aJL^VI Lp.jL. ^y cJ* 



Jl>.ji ^ tJLUl Ji>Jl J-UdI A*J ^^1 ;^>JI tki^JbJl iJUb 






^Lp Jl I4JLU1J i!_;f A*k» d^Ul Ja*j UoiP lUUJL? . *U^VI ^L-f 



ij,L2i\ c^j JJUi!l iK-::: ^ iAfl\ ^ aJLp iJLi^l d)Li . i,L^ 



P 



. ^ui j_^i ^j> L^^fj 4^1* j«^ui 0^1 ^j> ijjbj ^ Lyb^ 



^\ j_» oJLf^ xiJl ^ .iVjJl ^.^wL. ^bui-L ,^^ a*, jj 



^ ti*U Lp-^.^*i-uI ^ J^li cJUp julJI .^jsJIj ;JjUJI t JJi»dlj 



^j>Jl ^. -bl .t^_^i^ ^f ^j ^ J J .j>uJlj >UI Jjb^. 



19 



|>JI iV^j '^>li jiJjsU : J>. J- ^hjy '*^j 'J^ •■ J^^L; ^UJI 



aUsjIj jls; <jjJ jaJl «i>.j>^l '^j^' <**» 'js^ ^^L? Ci[j 4 j*. i*j 



j^LjtJl r-jj^!! t»-2Sl. V :j~*i. <-iJt i-ijU-Jl oJL* ^|j* ^ji:^ 



^jjJI J_«jL OIS" L^S" i«^ oliLu *JLUc; t^iL. ,_^j vj^^ 

j-^l>Jl i-jLjSiij j-^UJl jji ^jsiLJl J_^ .-uU JUULJI JLalj-iJl f>o4jfc« 
iljj i*<-« U .j-^UJl ^j>Jl ^IkaJl Ojwb U-ftaSjj OliSja?- j^UiJ 



-ujUJj lj^'S\ i-- ^.j-i-Jl *bJt L^t U uL ^.jlil LsfliJU Ji>-tJ 



^ Lfy JdJi iJU- JU. L^ ^lill ^^Ls:ll ^^ Ufy UK . vjJL-Vi ^ 







Oi . 3 . j;> •^ ' " ■ " ' ' ' Ci^ jt ^;;^*:5L- iS>. ^;,4»v ^^^a>»^ :Ji. t 



JU^ J^ ; JbJ>- ^^ J-^UJI (>-|jliJl <^tJl Oi J_^ (1)1 U ^wai 



J,^, jf Up ^^. i>\ Oji ^.aa]| ^>JI ^b^o j>;j ^ . saiJ;^ ^^Lb 



• V 



20 



V 







« * 



LU L- »^ Jb ?jJu*Jl ^.JU ^ JiJ^I j^2>^, > 



i>tfj i^ i^fj iJ>^ JJL-jj JLiLaij jLrf-t ^ ^> U ;UU- JJUj 
jji?j .L>wJjf UJ UJ^I J*^ U-A^" ^CJl< ^r~. "^ 'C^' 'V-^ 



•iUi M L,JUi; Jl^, tfJUl _^ ---bJ! 0^1 ^.jU oU-j ,.-i' i-j^ j^ 



21 



^LJI oLJLku dji J>^. <^ HK-^I t^JJUsJl ^tJJ v-^L v 



. tj^ 



UJi 



_ ^^^1 jijtJij >'iJ>Ji .^-idi . oijj^ui oiiA^Ji ji>- y 



pJl UlJL^ ^ j\\ ejPjJI 01 . J^\ -b^l Sjj> i*}U C-Jjj 

l^jLA .S^L^Vlj V"^UI i>UI ^j>. liJ^^ v>J' L*» 




>.UI I.L-.jt ^ JjIdiJI t^^l ^^b ^a>^! :;* liL.j 







I 



^Ju S:>U 61 .VA^^'^lj Vr-*^l oL-ljJI (..j^j ^j::; JUij 



>ji oU-uJi ^ iW* « r j>J' ^^ J>' J^ 



,UJI 



UL^t Lg.l...->.... *:s:] . l^ Jhj s^l^ *i^.J^" ^^> t> lt^' if^- 
UjOi t^>-t LJL^tj 4i>iJl o^UL—Jl ^> -0 J4-I1--, ^^^jf qA-^ 
^jJb- Ot jJb uj^UaJl . JJL-yij U.j>ll ^^b^"^ jl-s*'i OjA. ^ I 













^ 6.^JSo >J»^VI os^j>Jl c5^ • L^ 1-^ ^.^1 .y=- ^'^ 



^ oJi~i ^1 ^IjjVij J-l-Jl a* vt^l l^ <:)>*. ^l^ W-jJ^. 



i_,-,.LU^:-.. l^j ^jVl Jji IjUt ^jl^" vi-j*-* ,*-* i^li^t Sj^ 



C?-*^" O- lj«^ Lj 01 . U-i o^UJI Jl^tj J^l {^Ja;; Ai^ ^ 



^^ 



UjXj ^I>>JI U-ijy v*-^ toU^I i-.lji jlyl ISJU Wi-j 



dt Ojir ^1 ULJf |.>JI t^J^l oLjUa-Vl ^ j:2«: l^t 0^ J[ \jaI 



^ l^\JcJi\ ^jSUj V . v«s;k)l f.>JL U>-'lx; 3yjj Lf^U^ y-^ tS*-^' 
JIp^jI (>- Ji. V . oUj^Vl J^ ^yci\ t5j^ J?*~' Ub ^J 



. ^y«UJl ^ JjVl ii-Jl jf tijiWi ^ Sj-^Vl ol>Jl ^y SiUl .1* 






Ofy* aJI ^^^ L- Df jwJijJl cy -^Jj^^ Cr^^ J -^^ f^ L*i>*J' 



^_yJ a,hr,JI JUpVI ^ 4Pj*>^toUa::^ d^l oLJW ^jl^l i>-L 

dj^\ ^jlJJl (OJU- .sj^ SJUj oo,-^ U^l Ji JlslLj tj^jdl 



liU . ^>JI ^Ul w--^" ^ >JI S;>lpi ^1 Uii jj^Ul i^\ > 



jubiyjlj t^A*J! v>Jlj ^.^1 .-j>JI ^ >*2JI -tJl i-Jb ^^. 

^Ulj ^iLJl ^_^l *Ljjf JU-fjJI iUsiVl y»ijl 




'*S^ iJLft of ^UJI i*u)l ^ 0^1 .l^Ul uiyv-- ?i*JM. JJUj 



23 



V . i-JjOjl i^^lj i^^l iJ\Sii^\j S^l^l i^_^, ^ ;j^^^ 






. jv;>Jl i<>L^ ii^ ^ ^;,*,s<:l;J| I JLa ^yj J|_^ 

i.>j sa>.j ^ UJij ipjii ijUj iji 4e«jU)i 4-a,j| 

t^J>JI ijUi j^" ;^jVl ,^L CV>JI Ci>- JbJl»o ^^. 







24 



VI 






f^l^iU ^Ji\ Lfij vl^l t^ji^ ^jij ilsrjly^\j jJLJl JJL-j 



.J:jJ«:JI 



ij 



JLA J lJbJl>J IJla Lb:? ^j .Ijj j^ ^^ jj Ujf ^l_^l j^ 



U^i ^1 JiJ>Jl ^.jUl vf.^ ^.^»ti. ,:ipUl J^ J[ .i^\j ^1 







i_Jl^^ o Ojl4j' J-:* *Lo t^JulaJl ^jUl (!)! 



>L3JVI ^ w^y . ^> OiJ *|^ ^ >Vl U^j Vli oUiU 



(.LiJi o-j U ^ t^_«^l J**J| II* . .wU^_ *Lj j-jl; ^ ^jyUl JJ 



.Aj 



* t 



25 



.AAlkJI ij^l y ^>JI JUJ[ :aeJL>Jl ^^jUL t>iJi>*Jl 




.j^ pj O J>^. of Jbu *^1 U;^ Jj^Op- uJJt ^ jJlSi of U 



26 



t^Vl ^jOiSS JL»jA» 



9 <J:^\ \lfe c«:S \i\l 



J^ ^ ,^y^\ fnP Jj- Ijr^ Oi-iJi V^l^^l Oi^J^J' -^i 







viJUlj tdkJjf Js^ *V> JLOu 4^^l ^^ (H-^ Ji»^ 




Sj^ jSlis^ S-L«JI Cj\J>\ji^\ ^j^jici 



.!>Ui, ^.aill ^Vl ^>JI ^.jL" *-^. .^ijijS'jL^ ^jjs*- lAA 






657 ii-, IjjL* r-jl>Jl of viJSij (138 ^) ^LJI 0^1 ^jp 




^^1 J ^j^.^^ y.,^j\£ . (299 ^) ^!iL-)ll ^1 ^LJI JJ 



JlJLi^l 4.1:? ^ l^jjJ OLL-i/ >*-i .yi>^ i^l V>J *^^jj^ 



iUi-Vlj . Ui>>^ ^ J»L-:o. of Oji -u-jL* jyjr oLLT ^_^ J->o aJIjI 



27 



^^j JUpf ^ ^1^1 J Oy->o c^>:>>- i**J^ l^jt *t5jUJl j^, Vj 

.V 



JU-Vl Jlyf Oj^v. L^ij^ Jl : fL-^f i'^' Jl ^y^j-^\ r^. 






i_/r^l oiJI ^_^. V ii «iL5> 5JU :iJU^ V Lail^^i-. oV!>U .Jla 



v_j>JI ^JG jj>,:^ Uf JLaspl «i;r jju • ^^^(1965) ^.jUl tSbul l_^U» 



i--LJl oUUJl j^i oiiS^I .j^ljjj (i>Aj Jijp 6Lii-.j V> J^ 
j^\ \^^Ju Ji>ll dlLf J[ .U\S c-J LjiSa tdLi V tijj^ !>>■ 












^UJI J!>U Xm . f jiUl ^ >f jUjC-'i/l JL4* ^^> Oj*li~ ijliJi iJaii\ if Ji>.!)U (1) 



.242-239 ^ 1965 (4--J^li) a-ijr-* y» V*^' '-^^ Ux-c^lj^ >!l (2) 



28 



^ ^ ^.^^. ^.^Vl d^Ul 01 -v^UVl OUif ^ ^jj Jl>" M 



l^.oi" Xp l^^U^f ,j>- Jii»^. ^1 oL^yUl J* CJI^. .l^l^f 









:Ai,L- ^,Jli- Js^ l^^vaii. iJbJb- u^JL? i^L ^\ ^ ^j J>- tuJ>Jl 



. ^'li^lj ^IJb-^AJ 5JbJL>. 

. L^y-f v_<L-.f ^L ilbt. 



^Li^VlJ jUaxiVL c^UJLj (i^l jj_^ ^>JI v^ <Ji 



dliJjf Ifwji ^1 5j>saJl Ja JaL-i. of OjJ i--JL>-!AJ iJj>-Jl oi* 

Jljj V tyi* ^U!l 0>il JJ U !> i^U^j 4v>JI ^.jl: of J*iJb 



^ ^^^x^. ^j cijU^Vl oL.j>I^Vl jWJI t^f cji^uJl 0^1 Jx-ljf 
^ .V,^lj ^.oiJl ^j> i^U^j ;v>^l Lr-'> t^J- •-^^' 



^ ^- ^1 ol>!>JI j5JI;>-1 *jJI ,,.;i>o. of :ili^t>UI i>w» ^ ^^ 



JJ ijU^I jj^l ;y^. . (i>Ja«,^l >^l i% ^ d«^ Ji 0- 



. (^jSCiJl ji^JLi" .».--«j t (H**^*^ ^--U^ ly**^ (*+'^ V'^^' 



^4^ Jip* J*jif 4JV V-W oUUJij oU^i ^ *bj^l Li^l ^.jU cJLi;r (1) 

. JUJUJi JL4JI jvj^ iijl^! ^ ^'ti t^jU^cu-'^l flkJl JL4JI ^ jUaJl .jUxu-Vl 



29 



^Ul Jlks-I ojjj^, ^jjx-i il.sji fji JS' • ^rt »j^^ Aj^UI JLrVl 
t^,jUl ^Jd>ci\ :hjiii\j v-W-Jl I^V -^^i^^" OsiUI ^ybUill ^>P 



: ^^>JI ^.jliil JiA *U JjO^j jl^,,i-L L4>.>L jJl ili-Vl ^ilJJl ^ 



j_^ Jb^L- ^1 ijPUi>-Vl eykUaJl tiJij ^yfc U tjl5wf ^_/> U C(>*P jA U 



.<"?4S'ijjii-i(»-4ttjjLH; Jjj-^ L. cJj 



^U ^^^.>^ J,ii--Jl^ j,::^! ^>JI ^1^1 ^jJl Ja.y ^1 y!>Ull 
L_JUi»f (1)1 yk J~— J*~jt S\Jor i>-j^ lpjyL« jW-siljSj jjjI >-^ 



JJlJ^lj ^ytJaJl JajS^JI (3y>«i tOUAsfli^l JLi ^ ^J^^. V ,*-»^^ 

J5*j ^Jj^\ j_^U>J1jj ojUaJl AjOiJl i^JUL Ciji'^^^ i i2Ji UjfLt i-L^^JI 



. J-iL-Jl U *iU>,i U ^^ J>c^ ^Ul Jk::~i OT .Up 



.1980 ^.jtJI /illj ^yJl (^ iJljJi-'iflj .-iUJi ^,,4iJ c-iyu- (I) 



30 



OUyr <L>'^^ -JjLi ^^ J LiiL) li* Ja-J Of U Ju V 

*^ cJj^ yi aaJ, j-pf t^JJlj 1931 i:^ jj^ t^JUl Uyl jL-1 



^ >1 ybJ a;rji V ii .jijjsji ^jjj \jSjjS ^l^ii :i>^ '^ 

•CJ^J'j ^^L-JI J^luJl OUjJT ^tf'U-ij jj;>Ul -u^Jl ^1::S::JL djI. 



«ijlJ) l^*JJ tJl ^ «jbVl AJjJi^f t^iJl ^IxSJl JLp o>; ^ of ^. 




r ^y OUj^ *^l-« 4j JU=; L. U ^^_^ (^j^jy>j J\j>^ 



*^j^yj 



ifJaXjt ^JiSLjj ;«j>fcs<' IJL* tij^-^L^I V^J' (,5^ "-"i i-^J^I 01 

(^jjJf Ui«^jfj <JJ>fJ Ji> Jjl*«i . (^'U--* JJ> U'sUaJI jUaIw-VI 

M^^l *Up3 ^ J* ^ .1<J ^LJI iijLJl j-Juj LLyf jU-i 
1931 dliyr t> lui:^- OU Uj^ ?IJL* jjP Cji^ obJ^I ^ irf>JI 






.0-^j>JL Ul^f ^:>b ^.jUl Of J>^ J-^L j\J)\ IJL* JL~ 



^ISC^L .i^- ^j>JI OU^ Of UJ cl-l-u-Vl ^ j>; J-^LJI OU^ 01 
Ola^jJ iJu\^ jJ> iu- ^.y^ juj c-^Kj^fj 1939 JJ <[^ cJ\S 



«>iJl i.1^^ ^^ LJl . la^lj Clj;;* Ot)U>^. j-^lx? *IJl L-iJf a>«; III 



31 



OUyi OUj>J bUpl J-IS^ Jiix^Jj 1951 ia. .Ijj ^^" ^1 i^UJl 



iL^[ii\ SjiiU ^jji cJa-j "UJjj-^ il^- ijJL* *_J;^ jiJL^i; .OPj JS>J 



. ^jj5 aJLp ^' Lv U5:;- (»^^^ is;^ t^UJlj 1830 ^^ 






^ 



^r uuji A>^ of jji ^ >>iiji ^1 ijuh Oil ^ ^ 

V LjV 0^I>»JI IUp ^^1 tUyl JU-i :UIj lil ?0>«; v^jf ixi 
SjLp UL.*i«.l «^^| ^J : Lb" IS) . S_^Lc v-L-- ^Jl^ :r* .r-v ^^^1 



LfJi* 4i»LkJl ^^1 oli cv^- iJS- U .vj* Ujjj V-Lr- '^WiU 



C^-^ 



L- a^« V Ajfj 







^Lui^-VI IJL* gru-i ^ js\ [a ?:ukuJl ^j«-i ^^^^ ^^^a^a^ iijijt 



jUvJi ijj^ ji y_^ ^ :ji«ji akJi ^ j^wcOJ yi:^i IJL* J ^>. iUjr j«z-j (i) 



■jiji J^ fti-AiJl J+JIj 



32 



•■ at *^ 






jj^ V^l^i 4 iikuJi ^>U J^ ci-=r ^1 ^LJI ^.jb i^f , o>J 



ji*i Ji . ^>I>JI ^1^1 cJLlt OL S^l c:^l O^Sj ^>J| s^ 






^UJ jf /v'N^a )L.ya »L>bwtf LJi 



0-*^ j\^ *L>^ Ljf o^ JiVl ^ Uii ji>JI IJLa ^ 




UL- LaJa; AiJ,f ^ ^ii c^^i ^ ^1 IJL* i^5U. ^Li ^^ 

.-.USUI ;ik^ ^j ^ -u>.j:L-f ^ . -iJljV JjL- *jf y» cykli ._J 



u5^ Ji Vl>^ t>*-! "^ - L*^ <i->f ^f (J - s-.>« i*l^ J.x;-.f 



. (jl^Vlj s>UJl) WJlj s^uii ^ s> J? ^ >.f . ^^ ^^j>; 

uU\^\ ,\J^J\) l^\j^ jf (^U cOljjJ c2^lJpy)OJL. jup U^s^ ^_^. 

is-Ul L>ojaj ^js^ jy^\ J\_^ ^ . iljj^ ^ ^^^..a-* jj. ^I>>JI 



I Uf . vl>rJl iiiaUJi ^j^:>. ^UJI 0^1 ^> ^" ^y>. Uijlj" iijy^l 



^ ' Liy Ij ^jjVI ^ L^jUJl ^.a,.^lj ^1^1 i^L^ Jp ^Ijj ^^ jJLSi, (i) 



33 



c>j^ i>T ^liJlj .i.U i.L- ^ 4i l*»j-J jJI cijJl V>JI *V^I 



. <^^iJj4^ cJUSlii ;2J>JI IajUJ\ Li^LjJ^Jl dUU Jip 






L.t 






. i>tll ^j^U ^^>ll ^\a Jai^ ^1 5ij4*ll i>JI 

tj^- ^jt 8jj^ ^ *iL> SJuJ tjjJiuJI IJub ^ ;;uLuJI jOJ 

* JL- ^>* l^iojL- 4JL*JI i3^l ^*lijj Jbv" U~*^j .OJUJ tJix-J 






Jl».*5 V'>*J' ^**^*^ '^ -J-V. ' l"^ ^^ Lr'jf ^ >»j ^ a' 






r*f^^ 4«js^ (^jLp AJUdijj ,j,A*Jl j^. i_iJaju L)f ^5»w9 . aM>-jJI JUjjL 



jyjUl (jsllj of "i/l . ^li>Jl Jyt^ *^jl~, ^>:S^I cijl=ll iV ^ u-:-^ J**-. (1) 



J^l c-^. . JijtJI v^j ;LU oyiiCJI .Ijt os^ J i»^lj vJW' L?»J '^yry VjsS^I 






?ju.jldl oLU* 



34 






Jl *j lU-M*| JLiJ . U 4j^L LL.U ; Up Urjl^ ^t?2»Jl ^,jU Oj? o- 

OlS" U-. ^ •^hJL, L**l:JI ^>JI Oir jJl JjVl v>Jl c^l ^ 

0^1 t^f c(^) ^li)l 0^1 ia-ljf J Lf^ilf! j«ijl: OjS; at Q^af ?!^Li 
pL.j Jb:-fj if««Jl ^ jj>ci vrj^l »J*-^' tP*' ^-^^ '(-*) t/^' 



^1 ilxJl ^ .oUiU Ji *J ol>l Jl Ujl* c:ow.y ^Jji -OJU 



ViJJl irf>Jl ol5>Jl J_^ ^.iJtJL JjjJl J_^ ^.jWl ^t)l 



Ljup (V-L-- Li'A^') Ji*-^' (>**^Lj j^KijUl i_iJtx)l JaIw. 



,f . {^^1 SJ-ic (.JbJJ 0*; ,_,,flA^ ^_^J Jl_^l XP ^j Jj_^ ^ 



Lil>jk-'ifl CwUjI *j* t^jO oUUJj ^UJ 4_^Ij>JU Vjt O^JjJl 









«^ oUJ> cJLUti . IJ^j [ij\^ ^ij>.j \j^Jj gj^VI iji c^ 



.t\^j iSjJ\ kJ_^1>-j |H-*^^ <-A^JJ (t-jj^ ^5* 






JUL Ji . jy.5L.yi JL4*iJ Ifsa.^ -; ^. ^^1 oUuwJI iJlP ^j^ j^.JiiJI JL^jJJ 0U>>- ,,;,*,flio (1) 



jL^jJ. i^j^\ ij„ai^| ^^" ^ ^^,,^^1 Ji iV lUi- 



35 






iUc. ;u^ J5 uf ^>A^ Df Up .v>JI i^-^ii-i aL>^- ^ > 



hjj^ Ot ^ iU:^ iljL ^-D of ^i? Up .If* sj-o^j i^^-VL 

vJi>Jl of ^y J5^ C)f ._^. . ^"IjJl Sjjjj^ U US, ,j-5Uj uiJLJl 



iikit oL^^ Oii j?^ of «k-lj. ^^,jui^ ._^ ^^ 



^ 4isPU>JI Vl-^l ^> t^r^'j ^^^^^ r^l i/ ciUa'Jl 



-u>J JiVl ^> U;SUi oLiji t^iJl ,^\ J^ ^'li^l ^_^ ol 



of JiL. Uj^\ j\ U\y^\ oU«Ji ._--^ ^^J>^\ Vjf ^U::-- 

iigUjj ti^j. :olja ^i ^>JI jcijU *t53>j 





i'tiWI i^\ ij_^\ v~J . Luvi -CjL2i vl=S^< c?*^ <:jV Sj>>- p\ 



Ji ("LJI j«ijl=3l ^ j^ ^\^\ 0^1 ai. ojjjVl i^L»Jl Oi 



._^Lc. vi-ja>-j ti-A^Jl eJUj Jxj-yj tiJU^I oL>-j::i!Lj ^_^. j»jjj 



■ W^ 

j>il ^^ (c^Ul 0>JI) j^:>L.yi ^1 Oj-i>*Jl O^JJI ^. 
^ C^ui .i^l a^ Jjli. U .(Ljjjf ^ ^Wl 0^1) JU^I 

^>ll j>Jl ^. ^y ^j (^ ^iUl 0^!) jUiJi 2^1 ^, 

.<«irty3lj ^:)L-)fl J i^ a-J ' J^^\ d\^\j j^^\ cji-^\ ^ k^ 



KyiWi-VI olS>lii^ ^^UJI JbU l» UjUicI ,^ .ljl_^ !^| .JL^ jiJl, J,jk:^ (1) 



36 



f> i*^LJl O^^l j^ oJU-mJI ii>JI ijjUJl _;j::»u -o-SUiL ^_;-SU)lj [^b 



i.%' ^ aJ^ yii. U^ (_* ^\ii\ Ji JjVl) .^ ^\J\ dji\ J[ 



U^lj ^JUVI J ^'l>!l Jl>5 vi-^ Oj-^ ii^y. ^i^JLp^Ul 



i.jS>Jl oUaJUl J>.:Jj Uuu^ vl-^ ;iu>*Jl *>lj-tJl JlP kjH^^ 



j^ J>-a;j ^--i jijUi ^>-; y^p ^Ul 0>JI ^jj^ ^ . iiUiJI ^.ij, 






JU j>Jl ^. j^jU:uJl o«J^I 0«>^l oi^ '^ Ci^ J>^>l 



CJj— So^ V.^*^' '^i Ws* (j->^' oliJa*::^ ^;^ i_ii^ '^f**^ '^Uj'* 



js- of jucj6 uf VI .diL- jf «^u»ji eJift uy i^jy ^1 i^\ 

d\Jii\j iiJ^\j 4>J| Ijjk^l , Jy^ Jj^^ J^y^ j^.jUl J J% 

-J/J ;>ijLJl ^Cdl «_,j^^ J^jc^ v1.j>JI lLUj l_.Lp ^ .sjuj* 









o^ ^^f ^>JI 01 Jjii C^ (424)^ (1962)«^j^ ^ ^>JI«^ iJj- iJUj 



!.-^- 




37 



jjVt J^AiJl 



oU^Vl cj^ 




I 



39 



o^J\ ^ (4-^, 



^J»i 




^' 



L^fL^\ ^ lx4iMjl LjlLJI 



40 



I 



^J\JJ: sU^-'il L^Lm Ui> ^ ^.jLJI iij^ of pUJi ^ 



Ui % oyu Vj J i^UJl ^'li^l S^L. OLjyi o^. . ^1 j^Vl 



OjijUxi-Vl O^jl Jl -Ui ^,^i.va>J ^j-^j- j*j . ^^Ul 0^1 j>. ij^*J\ 



^M L. tOi'^-^J c^l'^"'^jLi^a5: ^ d-^ 4^jL. OjJ. -ui I^Uj 



.^b 



L5» 



.la^ vi.^ ouyi j^f ^ or vi^ ^^ ^t 



4^jVl iuJLJl Vj»JI *il* Ji «Sj^Ul M**JI ^l-lj^ ^l^ 
Ji> Oli~- 015- . (iJLy^lj SJLi Jl oLjVL ^jt) oLSL-^slS^L ;ik; 



rj . s>)l ^- ^ ^|^.^| ^^1 ^j^ ^ _^ yi^^i i^Ur ^ 



j».aail ^>J| oL-Iji cJLii 1930 Ji*. . Jj^\ ijj^l L'la J::>^- cJlf 



oLiUJU L. OU^ Uir ui*l?i^/l Of^iio:>Vl iV^I > i^^Vl iaJ^ 



4J 



_ JJ _ L. ^ ^-.a-^ii^l of ^t^ vl>s-Vl Ji ^Ji U ^Vl II* ^ 



^jLj^i OUiVl J c.i«.j Ot JL~ i^t *Os*i-j>Jl ^ ij*l»- j«ijl:Jl 



J 




"bfl 



?s«^Vl ii- ^Vl i-^l ^ llij^ JU-i ^ >J J* _ 

^ji-rJi c5^T ^; ^ - 



of ^^ ilfl cJipf ^1 iibi^JI ijsfVlj 4ili-Vl «I* ^t-iiJ 
_^ ^> Ot Upd : ji> Jlj- (^ i>»MJIj v-ls-JI iji^l «:^1 



L^L. J^ of iwi LJ J* ?OUyi *l^ij i»LiJ jA f.t iplj>U o*:A- j^Jf 



ca:p Oj-w IjJlSj c^Jlill i^\^\ ^j^\ J«S cf=^ -^ JM «^J>->. 



y.j .Lj ..!>•>::. p! ,r^l Of- .ii^ Jii^^j Ji> > U^ 



i)L.j iJjIj LJ> of ^U.1 ^ ,>^. 'i-*^ V-L-JI ^jf £• J*=i Jy 



.ijL,d*»Jl Ujj 



jj^J ^^ .l^lj o-^Vl lJ^ yi 1930 ^ c-l^l ^ 



oLyJLcJl Jijb US Jy- aULJI ^!)^::*^I ^jj . Iiii i^ ^Vl ;:-. jf 
!JU»lJi ^ ^\^\^*i , ijiUl JJL-pi LU j«.jdl _ JJ ^jl:> oip SjU^ U5 ^- (1) 



42 



h^ Jjf tirt>JI oL-ljjJI oMU^ ^ J jj^UI cJUtdl ^*f 



,;^jl Jl ^ os-f juj ^ . ibLi. ^j-^f Ofj Je> OUj Ju- iikuJl l>iL- 
Oj^l ^y ^>JI Jj> iJjlt *l>tJI jf i^;JI ^L«JI Of >, OiJjUl 

Of > ^1 oik Ji .ii> S^yf J^y > J-^- '«^>J' IJ* ^.^ L?* 
Jc) JjVl ^ti .^jxJl ,j-u>Jl Ji ^_^ i-pUjT "rLr*^' cjlSL- 



^ J*j U-i c.^;yA ^ . (ix-jiJl ^H\ j^\ J>y' y^ i^JJl ,j^ 






. ^^1 ^.^L c^jx-li 4J^I La^yf > ir^ vy^l c> 




.iwjip J^La jf oljif cJlS-f tjUVl i-!ji ^ OVI ,j^iJUj*-i L. IJU 
V ;akjl ^ !>Livi L-j Jai; Jj^ iJLJU LUJI of Js^ A-jdl La ^^ 



i^Jl 01 J^ of Oil ;J^, N . SJl^lj ^Ij- ^ iJbf ^y V iyr^l 



43 
















JU^yi liA ._^j .LjV jf UJ_„ Uj ^I ^I v^l>^ J*>.. l^^uo 



Jl _;-JtJ ^1 ^/UVl- *U-.f jil^. V -Cf V^ :>jlj rls:;:^-'! ?Vj-SJl ^.A 




.(31^ 1 1962 iSjU^I sLtJ .,_f^l^ Jjj^) .^UJI 






iij^j-ii j=:=rjJ>JVl if j-s- ^ iJU-^l !>.UiJI iyJl ^UJL 0J-<^JJ^J^NI L» ^ (1) 



. i-ll** J5L-JJ 'i'l*l*J *^ j- VliiJi >»iliJl 
. ^LJ\ ^1 JU Jjj U- . lO^ ^> ^ij ^yi j^ j^l„ 1^1 Jl,.^^ 4^1 (2) 



44 







'^J^ Sjjij 1^ Ij^ ^f ^\ , l^\s^j iU^ hyrc^ oVl * 

: of j>.i«j ol5i V l^f J*. Ji iL^ I4JI OjJ>Sd ^ , ^>JI 




,>JI 14k-. *iJly.jJl ^ JjVl .j;JjU^ ^ Oy>. ^i .iJjjJL 



0ljUi>w O^'b, U^\ L^yL o^ ^1 i.U;yJb ^^,y^ l^^lij^l 

.4JLJ«J 



iUfl»- Ujb-j J.:* dUJUj iiUl J».|j LojOJ l^^ il.t^ 




*• ^Jl/T 



JisU 



t> <-*j~ jJ liiJl OU>Jl ji|JL>cL-.lj j>«iJl ^Ijjf ,yi*j J-jUi-lj ^1 



IjjAj ot Oj3 Jba>Jl JUxL-l jjjJl j,^ JL*a .^ 





» 



^^ ^UJI ^1 Jlj:;^! l^ c.,^fj . jJj^lj ^UJI JU^o-l ii*.^ 



i>^l of 





^ v^'15 L^JLiU:^ 2ij\xj, ^^\ ^jL" oUiJU 

i .(44^ a^ cl951 iJUJJl Uyl ^.jL- ,0U^) 



^_> jiJ-^lj ^^L»J| di\ju, ^IJUOL OjiiJ JU Jji«^. Jjji 01^ 



^^1 C^'fj .l^^^l Jj ^Vl ^ 




OL UIp fc,* 



i^t 




1 "*^**^l^irtpi^ 




,j>^ JJ ,:^i vj^^T oL^i jLjc^\ iij^^ 



45 




iVi iU-Jl ^^j^\£) OiL*Jl j.|ai,i-l fijJb-w oL,j*)l 




Ur . 05ijU.«:i-Vl Os^jjJl lib jJCi pJ oUU::;?Ml ^jj . (55-31,1960 



1^1 J^l J[ ^.^Jx^, c^. U>^ iiJjJ SjU^ .j^j ^ iJiVl of 



l-j^j ■ ^.^.V' •-^-^' '^^ *^J^^' -^*^' '^^" t^i -^'^' «-^--" '^*^" 




oyill ij^ JU^I iljd "Vi j^UJl JI^aJI J\y:si-\ ijjiu 

jj^ tijiiJi Ajjui v^^i j-j tjL*i-Ni v^ ^:;-i ^IjJl 61^ 



v_j>Jl OliC- of Jfi js:)! ^c*;rfj ^I>JI 11* Jcii-l . iyJl oljU«-j 



AJUsiVlj t^^>3l ^1 ^> i^.yi SjU^I :ia:;i^ iijlp oljU:^ 

#t ft #• I w 



46 



II 






^jJl Oiii : 1867 iu- ^jJLi Jlj:*Jl l_j5 . ^j-i-^Jl ^>AJ iilpii Ojt^> 



Jly^l ^j .(29^ ,1962 ,^^L^) ((^loill ^>irtjjjVl vjLif 



^,*>«JI ^y iJUiJl Uyf ^:>[ LA^ ^ Ai^l ^ l^yc^ i> 
015" .ytji ^Ldl O^il aJ^L-j ij_^ ^y Sji>^ ^^\ i-L-j . v-^>ll 

0.^*1;. o^jjjVij ^^1 015 lii Ml ^«o V ^^\ Of iiiJUi jix. jsai 

^ J,>.:u^ ^jjjT > ^r^ ^ ^^1 015 lil Uf . J^lj >l Jl 

li* ^ oLuf^Wl 0.^ ^ ^y,j^\ i-iytu iUliJl i>Jl yiSil (J 



>LU ^f iJxp . l^iU vrUiVl i-UJl oA5i of Ja^ VI 1 0^1 



^U ^y iJwUJi Oj^l ^f t5-J^I 4J> -Up JbO^Jl dUfJ'ifl JLp JJj 



47 



Ji*i jj a:V t v-JJUdlj i,jSjl, ijUJI J^ aJ ^j (1936) Ujy t JU-i 
jiy:}\ U^y (jw^ (1955) . ^.jUl JJ gUJtJl U>l A.b? J ^L JJ^ 



Li^ Ujlpf iU*. 1948 iu- _^L ^j . Ijjjl LV v>*^' ^.^■='1 V^'j 

6jli\j L2i>L iia,/i7Ull tLjycJl i% dj^ IJlSUj :l^ J_^. 1955 iu- 

^-•Ju; V otj iWf 6jUi^ l^JLs* 0^ ^x: "ly ot oi" ^> l^JL* |»i:,j ^^Ji 



^ .(255 J 262^ a948 tXIII ,ljky>l\ iUJi) .((j!>Jl ^ 
iJL-iJi LAij»\j djj ii*» : LpJ- l^-i; ijii}\ Js- 1960 ii- ^jJ^ 




. i*5Ui JU ^y-j Sjl^lj S^;.^! ^y^ pjj ^jLiJ . (571 ^ 4 1960 ) 

Oijs^l Oi^^ ty 0>^ ^r*^ i--lji J-«4J '^^r*'^' JIaIxJIj tjLwuJI IJlA 

LfAib jlS' Oij ^^JlJtJl {>«i«i -s^*^ UjI>-j ^jJjJ pi* .jL*-*^^*^' UL^^ 



Oil ^..k M..i '^ .iij^^Jl v^ t>- jiS't iH>il i^LJl (j^>-:^" ^^jVl 






Cy-J . JjVl Oj^l ^la^t ^j> U^ J[ y>Ji ^Lo ^\^^ ^ 



48 



,s>Jl Jl JiJ ^ Oi .J^\j ^ji^\ tUJi J[ ^i-Ul j^ L. 1^ 




01 . 4liJL>Jl oLJJL ^J-JI ^jli-J "V o>; of 0^ Ji jx^lj ^^LJI 
Jvxi ^1 5^1 ^j^^ ^sji 'GU^I r^ ./ ^jLiuJl .^i^lxJl *t5jUJl 



L.XP ;,,4--iif ^ UL^fj c^J%j -u J^, t^iJl ji^L JiVl ^ 



^•|_;iJl w~^ jJU, JJL* L.^. Jl Ul;t^ l^f Jlj L. :^ AjJUl ^^1 
of Ji^ Ji o,>a t iljj t5L ^U\ 0^1 ^> c^ 05 iij'i\ ^IjJI 




IJL^ of ^1^1 cj^ .iiiJij v'^Vl ^ ^.-LiJl jcijWI ^jIjlj ti-L«Jl 



^ ^ 






ijUxi^Vl jlSiSlI yi;ij 5sJ>>Jl (,.^l::iJ *>UjJl j^ JjLuJI ,_^.JLiJl 



Jb-5W Jj> JUef i^ljj . AVy ^i->-lj i|f l^V J-*«^. ^^ <1>J^ i^>Jl 



49 






^_^l jl^Vl L*^ tijiojlill ^LJI j>^ UL^f Jj t^^.JiJl j«ijbJb 



l^ 11* . ^ c^f ^ ^1 ^^ JakS jf oVli. ^yif ^ ^^ 



iU,>f JU-ij «a»wJI oLX>JI ir'^ tr^U» *>JIp jJjLi i^^^f 



_ ^.Jiill ^^ Sij oL.*i^ C.5C t^^ .,->^" ^ Lfjf JJJb , SJL^Vl jl5iVl 




c^iiJUl ^JL ,_^j; U^ iJL.j oL--iI J». U^,jX« V -u53 . jo.jU)l _ J-J 



L^ i-i_^ ^^1 SjXaJI yb JHJ*^' <^f t#***i '*s»y*^ (J*"'j^ t/*" "^J 



01^ L- ^.jlill JjJj .JJill 1<AP o> jJl S>JI 25SjlxJl . JJj c^l 
Jlj; V .i;>.^ ii^ JUL ^-«=5Jj ;^^>JI OLSJI J ^iUiJlj A-:i>«Jlj 






.i-^yj v^b *s^k5jj ^ifj^ a* »^-*JI oljUuJI tij|j>.f 




Si jU^I Sy^Jl! VH^ ;U^ ^. "^IS- 01 -^i ^ ^;!5WI V>*JI v^i^y 



. L2i>l JU-i ^ p!>Ul ^ ^f ;li J^l i^j«Jl ^1 '0\ J>- iJiv 



50 



j^.jUl s^ .c^- , ^y^UirVl ^1 isy^ ^ 4 l^~iJ 5y> 



Ail 




*• * ^ a 



ijhij ^jJ>j^\ ct^l gJlsij Lf3!iUj U-^lj L-.L-. Lv<i_^ tiip^l 
l^ L^\ ^>J ^ .iy*Vl ,j^\S ^j>^, oiJ ^> LJ .W 




LJUj 4j_^»*Jl jtL. ^>rf AUiu-l u-.>Jl ,!)( Vjr i>^L c-ii ^ lil *l^l 



. ob,i«-Jl y'L- 4^ :^*U. LiJLiJ L*- ^^. t5>u^ t^f j> ^iUJ i^t of 




-VI ^,.,.i./.-W7jl 2^'ld l>J cajL*! ,»5ku-i V U olJUL IJubj 



_ljjjj AijOJf oljJil c^- tl966 4 25!->^' -lM V^ J ^j^ 



J^lji LJ c^Lp ^Lji 0>]I ^L'f Ljjjt -Lrj o> ^>)l ijjlL i^-Ji 

A*»JL IJL* >w» lij jjS^ . 1--I9 . ((571 ^ j , ^)) , ^I^VI (Jj-ij JU* 
Lf-jti' ijLiJi fllpjlj^ lj^\ iUjyJl Oi ?OUL»U OUjjJ aJU^ o^-p 

iiaJLtJl hJ.»MJ^\ ojkJl j_^j>« jjku ybj ^jkJ\ ^UJ U*»l>- IjjJii. 




i"*^ y^ ^y 



JjUl J ^ijUcJl ^ cLJ>;*^, of OjijU-i-Vl O^jjJl ^.ji 



*I>JI jU^f iljiJi j_^ oj-^oju i^i* ^,jUI djlos-f ^.T./-!..^* \i\ : ^_^li!l 



Cj;;JUVl 015LJI ^ IjJLSi; of (tJjjf lil Uf i^>Jl ^jf ^ ctsUjJl 
JjUl Of Jixpf .^ijl^JI J«5j JJ Jlk ^ lj^>J Of (.ios:^. liW 



51 



.^■yi ^^1 \y^jj ybikji ^j^ 






^ V ^^ Js^ ^y, iJUJI diL- ^^ *JV t^_^ uii\to^l JU^ Jjb 01^ 



yb AJ!>l.jj ^^^--^IS" ciSjJ j^SjiJl ^IJJI 01 . iyJl aJI cJL^j U ^jt 

. (iJUj^l cj_^l) t5^f Sjj^ liU^l J* 

r 



^^^»JU f>UJl gfl^^iJl V t JJi J^ ^y' S^l t^l^^l oU,^! ^^ 




4:li i_Al5oL^ jlj.*i-.L iJusuJi ^^j-Jl (JUJI Of y^^j . iiiJiJl 



^^ ^1^1 .jj;i ^1 Ij,^ OLaSVI ^ Oj;.«J . Sy»li i.iL. hj^ Jh 



m 







JJ JLi iJjJl::-^ ^Ikill *_iUJl b\ .^^Ul 0>JI Aij>i OjiJ^I 
.iUUi»-Vl SLJI oL,:^^ J^ JU. L^ ^' ^ 4JUI o^lk-j JU 



a:p s::^jS'j aj\^^H\ 1^-L.Ijj ^ Oj-J j^j^r- AisoU-i-l L* ia^^L li* 



52 



^\iji\ JijL" aa>«. j^ yU^ i(1966 ^^1 *Uj ^,^1) 14.1:^ J 






i^^«:>«Jl dUi 4 tj!>Jl i^-UliJl **i>Jl ^ SajJb- S^ ^/)t 



iLiSai J^^f .«^.jl_JI -J-J ojl_Mi^ iJ^f rrri ,J M LJ 



hy^ CuLtsf I OjsH Ctt-->^ «^f Lo^j . iJJbuJi jlSoVl ^jUi -uV ^fiyi c> 




,>-j|jJl JS- «^"l _P . Jjt iiJa>J i^f:^ \^\s^ d\ uy-j>J 



Usij bcM^f U *-2i-^ JL>.|j iwi ^ _,j.^ V jjkJl oL 4 Lgil. t ijliJl 



. i^l 4a,,.,Ji ^ls:;-Vl ^ >ljJI i-bJl iJla JLS; ^ 



53 



^UII J«di)i 



>\ j\ jU-a-l J- 



55 




.^ 









56 



I 



^Ul Ciji\ J[ f . J ^UJI djii\ ^ 5JU-JI 4L>JI ojiill 0^" 



OL-j^lj Ji>>lj a^jl^l v>*J> O^J^ ^*^*f tk SJ^ vi^ {. 



V Ul :v^Vl iU ^^ Lilj iloJl ^ J^^-J iL>Jl U>JI «JLft 6y- 











tJloJ^^lj j>~:rli»>JI t^>Jl ;l>J v-^L jA^\ ^JlSj 

kLw^l /i^j jj mJL 4.4^l>- C^hwJ .j-«^i TSJ^ c<^ Jj^^ ^tr'^-^J ^"^ 






«i.j^ ^%, L.JI;* ^>i-ij <:jj^ sys* fl^ lA>f v* s^^J-^' ■'>f->'' '^' *'^-''^' r*^''- '-^ (^^ 



. IfJjj l^JjUap- jU-Ulj L«jj j,i^ jL^ 



57 



^ Ojii*. O^jU ^U^f ijUJi Of ^LJ^JVI *^jUJl j>i ^ Sjj^l. 
*iL^ ■ *lyi> u^jf jlia^f V jji^ tiiJi ec^' V^^l <*>»JLJI 




^^1 ilL* . Jaii o*Vl Jjy I ^> O^jloJl JU::«i "y : JUL oi 



JJII^I p-JW :aJUI ;ij2>JL ^jOx^ c^^jUJI *t5jUU ^i^^j^l iU»«Jl 



^. V ^1 IJAj ('Ujt, 4iojL- J^. U L^ : j,.^ Ji i^iVl 





JjVl J.^1 J JjVl iJl5LiVl IJL^ L \yjjSj ^j^\S ^yju ..1 




.(Ua*j Uj 334^) Li^lj J|jl;_^| ^b:^ J ^Ulj ^^;,.j»^L. 4.1::? ^ 



j_^i oaI^j 3^1 viiiis-j tij-uJij i>L^i t;ju,^i j!>u,Vi oj 

ij«.LJl Ujj oU-kJ JUUj tOJJl ^- IfL? tOjl^JLdl ^^Ui'i/lj 




^s^il\ jUVl ik.^, ji> ...1::? oUx^ ^ i»U^ > ^_^jl? jU. 



ti>;i>^l otilwJl ^"ly^ t5Ji>.l U^^ of U j>o la*- _^ UjOp 
t^jl,Jl O^lj ^Ul 0>JI ^ ^yJl ^L ^ji\ ji\ i.jUl ol>.jJ 



l»-l:ux-.Vl oJLa Jt. ^L-f JU> .(291^ ,^^M]\ *-i>Jl) .«_^ 




^> li^'f ^^i? J? t^>. c U,j ^.jU ijl JJI ^ l_^ji j^.-UJl y>Jl 



. U liuUJ ^\a;)\ j_^| jjb.^- : ^jtdl (1) 



58 



0JPL2JI ,i^j\ J j\ ,Jl, ^ j\ .b i^f .Ijl .OUj^l J[ iiJauJl. 



UJb ^^. *irjj| ^ *^ ^ ^L^ j^Ujj J^f ,y> »:^| ^ 



^'tJl .:u-i^ > V c iJlSUl > jl>:-.b ^^. ^f -^1 ..a;>« ot .i^Ul 



.-USJI v-jlJJl 0^1 JjU-^ 





'^1 






(i^JUJU 






,>j ^*l Jl ^Ij-^ l^^^ iiJikJl c..,.-^f ji^ . f . J ^iU( 0^1 J 



uj^J Uiii^ ilii^ lyS Ojl^Jlj i-iJJ c^j^l UJ .Cj,J>^\j Jd>^l 



j^ Jx-.j:uJl cj> J fAj^\ jA^fJj (j_^ OISL- Lj-^t ^_^l oxJ 
^jfj JUiJi >LJ| > .V> A- • 'j^>*JI Os^^iv-Jlj 'a^^yi 



J'j^ J 0«^VI S^jlicJI Jl_^f Oj^j>Jl U c.iv»i . yi>>Jl > 



^ J os^lt^l ^jjUJ ^1 4,.. J 310 -^ Ji>Uf tJi>Vl 

4 ^-Ujj jjli ^a:2J iJjUJl io^jj ^U»^ j^jlop ^^- . ijj^ j^^j 

J ^yi- . iiJi, Jjiji ^ i^ jsaU ^_^ U^f juji J_^ |^_jii)i ^_^| ^tJl Ot (1) 



.0*. Ui ^luJI .JU 



» ■» 



59 









oULwjJl U Oj^JLAy iJU l^J <jy-jjJl U_^^ .AJlapf JL^ jiji 



a-.l>JL iJliJl l^ ^^^" ^\S ^\j ^yrM' vl>" ^> <«.JlJl 



.iJLL- jL>.f ^^..liJb- . (i^L^ iL->)lj Li_p <1_J| : ^^.^ J) ^^^a:;^ 






cil-i ^I^Li- JL o ^:>l;j. i^>«i-.U J_^ 4L> ljL>.t ^ijaJI 



l^ *V^L ^^. ^1 j^ iL'Lp ^.jL- j^ t^^U^l ^jjjl ,,_J^ 



k^ V U Jl Ojp^j>Jl ^M Jii .L jUjJl j^j>Jlj i£JU-Ul ^jJl 



j.t 2^ll,> Jp *UuiJ ,>>jV-L. Lyj cl^l J* : JUI JI>JI J^ 



JLJ:i Jus^j! juaaj iiyi iJ^U iiji *LJ L.JJ j>~ti--L. *Jii,i-l (j-JUJL 



.^ JUjh-j 4j^jj I_^I^ ^I) ?iJiJjJl ojU>Jl <>jUj1-.I JOo Ltj^l 



^J Jji ^ lj£ ^\ij Jp ^ . ^ . J 146 iL- ^Lty jj^Jb" JOu 



4i!)U ;-^" ^ J-^" Ujj ii-JL. t^^ . t^jjf*>Jl f«lkJl jWI^ ^^^ 



-Uj J>J| IJLa ., ,., „., V .i'!>li)l dLUI *U j^ ikJI ^jyj o-a^l^ 






50 



^ UjU SjI^ Li^ SjjiJi iU^"^ Ujj cJi^ . ,>--v-L« S^U>- J^>-f 






i>j jjjJl JLs-jJ !>Ui Jflk*- Ji _«>-Vl IJl* OjS;! Jlii . ^>jj oj^ ivii 



«.U*j JU> i--U plS^f jlJ-^i _^ Jb-lj ^yJ 0<A>i tJ^^ /-^ (^"^' 






^1 i^UJl ^ L-L- ipjj^ U>T cull:? . c . J ^Vl 0>1I ^ 






^-U J_^ ly\s. Oljaj JaidJ . IjjUr <-«J^ ;^JJI uJ*^' J*--*s* *^^ 

|.|>l J*i jUcl'ill Ji .^^lill J*»^ ^yJl JLp L-iU t^JUl tJjVl 



i^jPjj Ja) *L;»- .JjVI ^jrfj>-_^ i_aJL>- i^iJl .i^jJ i*^*" LJ<*'' 4— ij L->>»iiUj 



-dUlSL ^yuJl o^L. Ujj cu*S^ c . i3 33 i— -o'U* JUpj (_^l!Jl ^j-j>-jj 
^jP Jp v-^, of j^ ^_^y, i-L-. Li-^l 1^' . f. .i5 25 i,U Jl 



iJUj^l UljJl c:^- |,j:^ ^^JLlI JWI Lji jl::^Li 4 UL~. KU Ubjj^ 
^. ^ .40 *w Ji ^j^Jk; .J*, ^j .^.^ 23 Ji ..J 25 ^ 

LV Ujj C-wij 0^5 j-^l ^;^ yiL J^XpI Ujj t ^j^JJaj oU 



iU-- 2^.jL- a5J:.JI J 01^ i^JJl jUjjJl ,jiL>Jl ^.jL- ^ ^>J| 



61 



Ot ^jj i OjLirL' oiLi c^" . ^ . J 17 <;- La-^U ^^ Sj^J Jjt c^j 



J*^ of v^ .SjyJl J c^jLt L^i* UyLi UiL>4 Jlj; V vUl^ LJbj_^ 



id 




__^L»Jl j;-jjjl jLi . ^ji-ji Sjjj* jL>.t J'i J Cw-jJU (.l^f jl yO-L 











,»SUJI ^y^ (^Vl ^jJ^\ JU-i) i^;>.JaJl LJbjj- 

J^jUJ] 235 iu- UjjOj L^L cJLAi-.I ^ i>- iL- Jju i-- IjLiilj so^ 



J Uj i-af ^jJ^\ ^yi\ cU**i .OLuaJl Jl CwWiJlj iiUJi 



^Jj;:pI (. 285 iL- ^^ . Ujj i^Ji^ SjJiL. l^.*SUJ cJl^ ^>JI iuJsliJi 



(ij-i j_^ ?oIa Ubjj^ i^^; L Os^jj j^f . lj\iijy> ^ 372 ^l-. Ji ^y_y*j^ 

Xi\>- Jj^ Jjb L. jjju ^i^^ iJL JU Jjj V Oil ^"ill . aJ***II j^'I>JI 



.1)15 i^jui jja>- *^f ?juji ^> iiju:- ^yy • r>i (^' '^'-'^ i::^-'^ '^'^-^-^' 



J^lj 396 -^ .jjo. jjJbr >* . 393 J[ 385 ^ ^Uj^l ,_;l>JI JJli 



i^^L.")!! !>]| ^j>. Js. .l^-^ ai>.!!UI j^- (1) 



'62 



: 6*=^^^:^ uA^'J C^ ^l>^" ^bjiil -i* c?^J c/^ "^sf u^. 



^j tSJU^^I oIjU:JVI ^y iUL- ^^Uj^l ^^>JI i^lj ,>. JUJ UJ 



^1^1 ^ . 1^ 1^ ^4-^1 M\ co«r>-l y> i-jli. jljiJI hjj 

r^l>jj\ jIjxJI iljj t^j- viUUJ V Uf jA t iiJbiwJI O^^tJl *ljj y> 

Aj^aJL ijUJi ^j.„a>- jUpfj t^jj^lj J**^^ («-fJL»J>l tJj^»— J ji^JJI 

djJa J-iJ V JJJ .jljiJi ^IjfJ ^l-^f lr>iL- ^> "^ UJl .^l>Mi"Vlj 



SjljJl jUiJL c^l l^b c J1.LJIJ j,Jl ^ v^ <^l^ cJl^ vj^l 




UUjji\ lj\i^\ 



[2i\ 




• *dJ>lj^''^' ^L.^1 t/ Lii>l jjOjj ^_^I Oyj ^ J-:»dl jjOj ^;_^, 






. ^jVl ^r**ij t_^Ul ,yjjj JLjJI OlS" IISj* . 4-wj S_,*»cu*« J>-I:i 



J:5U ,^i^l ^Ik-l ; (246-201 ^ 1 1968 ^ ^^ J^jU) ojl j^^l ^- 
vi*-f f^l o\ji liSU tj(**Jl U^ jjSjJj ^js) ;iL-.j (^;-Ull) ^>-Vl 



^^JJ (j^'>^ O**-"*^^ t>Lr*** '^J^ ■l>^ 



• r- V 9fi Jl f -v 70 Si- ^ L-jj i_^,i:>. (1) 



63' 



il cSjbVl ,j5»^ [aJc^j ^I «.|jj cJi^ JjVl 0^1 



Oj.^1 fa. J\ii\ dji}\ J .c^>r ilj- ^ 2i=^" U. ii:^:. Ulk.1 cJlS- 
|.j!>Ul Jji |_^iii^|j c auj j^l dl'jj\ ^\ . J^\ ^_^l *1.U* 





* ♦ 



. VlfJl hji\j 'o.j!il Ijji? >f U- t oL.U;Jl 
, 1956) j.Li^Vl ,;^ jl jLS:. . JjLi ^^J^ J^^- . Ujj Jj <i. 



U- OLi^ U^ ,iSj>-\ ^\ij Ji (1956) ^^L.^ JjLij * (173-163 ^ 

O^ _^l VI iJj:o- Vj Up JL,>. V '^^^Ai-I Liyl Jii-J cJlJ Ujj jt 



^^ cLoijif jrL^i ._i^ jOiJl tj^ ^L^JI ^j^x.^ of 0*. OjJb 




i:.U»>Jl j> ^ cJLrf-i ai^ «>ljj 0*iljc4M,U:U,„2il jjbJbjJl iw.LJI 



^ i^L^Vl iJL>Jl JL> s^ ^'LjJlj ;5jliJ| ^,y-J| L^ 



jrltji JUi tL4i C-.U; ^^ J^L.jjo^l .(1925 ^iJL-iaJl Lijif 






t^iJl c^>Jl j^ ^yyiJl *J>J| J .t^jbVl ^1 ^> iJ^- Jjf JL* l^ 



-> ^ t^Ul ^>J| *>^l ^ L*f -o-jL-Jlj OL-iVl J-*P 




. {. . V 44 t- ^y^, Jd a*i ^Vl v>Jl 4 ^^JJ- s?* -^>.' >* (^J 



64 






tiSjlk, LaU ,^\j^ djy}i \y^ jl^Vl ^.i^j jl^Vl 0./^Ul L.f 



. 2^I>JI > S:,liJ 







UJI 



*bf jA \j.\.^;'.i tiJUJi SjbVl ^y ^i^j <ij^jJ\ il»LJl ui*vi jLi^Jl 

. ^j\yj\ juL. J*lf > ii-l^ i:>Vl l^^j ,»^lj 



.UJi Usoj Lji-oj t>» Oj—jl-Jl j^ iij*- 




io -^j l^ ij>I^Vl (Hi <:T ^ ' L*^l^J^I t-r*^! J:ri>-' ^^. 






trsW us^J^ Af:^ L. dUi ^ !At* /iJ .ijJU i*^ ^yiiijxJl t^ji—j 



OjiJI ^ ^^ *U.j 0^ L2iyt -u CsiCUJ U Ji* ^>J»-i>l Sjl^Ji) -JlL. ^^ 



^lj_aJU ((Uijjij JlJU^b oliJ j_^ ljJj_/ il+ii-.lj t(1930 4^l_^l 



U c4> Sj-SS- iJbf 6V ^Ij tl»>. IJL* .(321 J 109 ^) «i]!Afu-Vl 1^ 

UiJli *-^ cJ^I ^ji <-i^- jS Lp^l iUasiNl oli oj-^-i-vJl i;>Ul Of 



..jlyVl iJL« c^_>L-.. J \j.s^ ULiiJlj i^jUJl 0I>JI J I 





^_^i Ulkjl ^ ij^^ jx^ vjuJlS" i^l of JIp Ja; oUill of 

li* ^ . 4Jx-.>uJI OJuJl ^ji ^^3- ^JL oLs- ^ ijyi jU*^! js^j 'W>i> 



ojVIj iiUl ^UijVL UJ o!5U V v-Ji- iujj jj-Vl «Jla JlUi Oi 



65 



0^^*-Jl Cy <Jl^ ii-»J' t^^iJl ^^1 ' i^.y^l i-lj:" j>« £5::=-^ . **a-a»Jl 



J^j ^;;^»io IJLA r^ *Oj-jLJl JU-Jlj ^^UVl 0^!)UI A. ^jCL^. jf 






^1 oLUjJl ;y> Ojis-UI iUi-l . oJbJ* , cJ^_yZ^ Js- hjJio\jM\ 







I.I>J'i/l ^j Ji>- Jl t ;i-;;p iJ>j\*A iJL4j^l iJaJUl ^jU; (245-160) 



.14*^ J4*^\j pJ^UxJl ^l (430-354) r^^»^\ (.Lf'c^l ^' cioX^jJl ^ 

i^\ I4UJ jj . IjUUl OJJI j^ iijJ oUU;r J^b JWI 6^1 *bJ( 



'l>pfj iiJLuJi (oUjJ lJa-VI J\ i^) V^jjJl ^^1 jLft iujUJI 



t^r ti^liSOl fj^iJ jl-p'l t^t (l)jJ i>w»lj Vj* ''*r^ iJLx^J 




. j^^UifVI OjUill «Jlj A^ cJ-^" Vv-~« J^ J>»** ' ipU>J 



66 



iU . ij^ hjAi ol^U^ J J-l^ Oy SJU ^'LjJLlI JliJtJVl ^ 













;yi j> ^ ^^\j ois^JsJl *LP"Ai-^ t i.L<Jl J W-^ '^. 



;jiiJI «^ V-j^l ulr^'-' >"^'J ^^^3-^' ''^ ^- ^^ ^ 



l*> <>*ly C-JJ-JI '^. "^ . (f ) c^'-J' "J-^'J ^^' *^-r^' a*i ^^' 



i^ JlJ, ^^\ tUj^ ,315 jf c(301^ td.^) >^^jl5 Ji- t^JiJI 



Jjjt:Jl ij*-^ jlijy . Ajj_^t^"^l j^ jj^ 0^ (♦Jblj US' i»-:S:Jl jjli;^ 



. iyi>. iojf ^L^M 



Oi t^jL-i ^j> Jls lii .(j-i^Ul o=i SiUJl oLtibJl ^p III 



1^;^- ^gi 0^1 J io'Mlj c?^li^' <1>^1 L> V^j-^l l>i^l *ijL^ 



(t^^jUJU *N> of JiiUJi aJLij *iM iiJL*J^I '^'^^-^ |W^J^ s>«* 



67 






JU- Jl ^V> v_^ 01 5^'U .> «ui> * i^^l S-iaJDI oL^U- 












>I.Ip <IlJ^ o^i^cJ Ul* jL^Vl ^Ul Uf i^L^j ^a^j jJjj i^ ^ 



;yiL. i-wilj id3j iJbf •!> Of Oji ^/-Vl J-Jl 



jy ^>JI :>yrj JJL oJii:^! ai JJUjJl 0^' OL *l-bw LJl 









. > J? ^fj > J>!l J> v^- CJl? jl^l (3) 



68 



n 



OL-j Ju. <:)>-j>Jl LfcU Ji:\ J^\ ^\iji\ JjUI ^I ^ L^wJ 



J[ ljjSU\ ^ji\ ^ J* : J jLJl J[ LuiJb- ^>JI ^ oU^^ 




^ t|f Ji .ijU*!-.! 



i-j>JI Ajl»lj-i Js- cJly JJ3J 



'y.L UJi: iJli)! aUJi ^>l Jlu i^l oL-ljJdl 




f 



Js> ^It^l ^*t]l (.-i^^i; Ji ^^Ul C^i i^ iyl ^yiS ._^ 



JJ O^^l Jl c-ii ^ oL,>Jl Of ^ ,dM .^>J 




I 




ol c,H^"l45^- 
f ^^ 01 UJ 0^>^ . ijj^\ Jl ii.1^^ ^ Uir^! 



^lijl j^ ;JLJL. t^.J 1000 J 1300 ^^ 





Olf <^^ Jr ^ (^ . J 814) jl^Vl J j^Ul ^.jU! 

^,^UJI ^j>Jl ^^fj J jjUl ^a>Jl . JiVl Jj> djji ii^C JL. aJ 



cJJi JiJ^ . J^VI ^^ ^U,^ Jl djj^. Ujyf 

^ ^,a*Jlj t(ojjj-^l) jji\J>jAj (JJIyJl) o-Lr-^J 'UWj tCi-j-) 




69 



^jX2 of ; ^L.j^l X^\ ^ O^ijl ^ illJl:! ii^U CJIS- jJ 




Ldl 



r 



I 



AjIJUj 



UUj Litb LjL-f J-wii-j 2^li»_;S iij^l^f ^ <-r-^. a* (J?*^ <^l 

^Up^) .«o-:uJI ^Vl (»^,r-^ t> Oj-J-a:.. ^-^Ij SjL^I Jl 
.br U il ^.^\J\ IJL* ^Jb L. Si^'Vl <JyiSl\ ^ J> (115-114^ 



I_^l3 li^ . aJL'IaJI *^Vj iJJJJl (H-i>2i». 



• 

Ob 










I 



5^1 J 



i3 



^U Jii- f.J2: ^t t>i (J AiiiJi «JiA ^ . Oy^ iU^ ^j~ o^^ ^ o* 



ls>^ ^J^\ y^ lj<^-| ^;;-V-Jl of JU~ OL^j JL* 0>^j>Jl ^y> 



y. AijJ^\ Sy.j»Jl ^ *;_^i>o \y\s i^Jiil OjumJI of l.^ii^j Oil*Jl ,>P 





*L:^ j,j .ijuij iiJto- LfJtSj ojIp Jj V^jaII U^4u JiiixJ 

^ySj\S JU. Jl OVI ^^ . (1957) OU^ Ji^j (1949) ^jj 
of js*^ . iJL^I oU4*Jl ^y sy-lj Sjjl ?V ^ lit. . A».ividj 



Oji>-Ul .Jb^f of J.J ^ijT J*L^ LJf a^ Jl ui--^ l^-Ja:::.. ^^JJI jia^ 



J*::*^ ^f ^^JUI SjUi- of Jl^ i5>f -^^ *»-**^ V^'^' o*^- • -^ 
IJLa J ^,*JaaJI JJjJij tJ*i3L cJU^ UJf ^ JJJJI ^. Of Oji 



70 



y^Jj\S oJii . hp\ ^>^l a* '"^^^ ^^ "^^- "^^ ^' ^ '^'•^' 






J. V >l5ai ^L J^ (.li" ^ ¥S-2Jji 4-*S J^ ^ ^ of ou. 



ijJUxL-. Of JJ c»JL-i^ 0*3^ ij>^' o«^M' <:^f ^. ■ '^ > 




>OlaJLJl ^ .> jf ^Vl v>-II J'^'^^^J^ f ^' <> '-^'^ 
^> 20j 27 ^ ^j\fi Zjj pi J^ ^ f. J c/WI 0^1 *bJf 





ip ^- :[ijl^>^ SjUo > f.^^ \^ jLce rVl Of Oji^Ul dliJ. 



0^^. ^* . 0U>JI JJLi UJI> ^Ij ^^ *^l>*j ^j^ ^.y ^\ 6i>^ 



U--^f hAj J:5b^b jj^ ixj^f Sjs-* 0*. o^l ^1 ^yUj^l ji-^ 



^Jlij r^^" :;si c^l*:>^ ij^J a^f j5ui V . OIj^I ^^ l^if 02:*! ^^ 



JJi J bjJ ^ ^ ; -L-*Jlj (.UJI J-J ^^ o^ C:^ '^\ * ls2i>l 



J^f J^ dLdJ ^U- >-i/jl5 d^ a- ^;wi ^1 ^.-^i ^ 

^ iLi- jyd ob ^ . SijUJ ij>i^i cjyr ^j OL iJJUJi i^>J 



71' 



¥^ 






. S^L* j-p cJl^ jlj i.Lf ikJL- j^ i^^ :5L djj^\ *Li^ U Ji jJtdl 



^^ cuPj-i «Jl* 01 JUj l^jii Aj^\JJ\ iakJl i-L^ cJlS- 




^ 480 C-, ji>Ml jy .-J* c (. . i5 ^Wl 0^1 J!>U 1^ ^^1 



^y^ 0%- . S^ o^Ls- ^ j>ll dUi tA; Uj o^!*L-j S 








JU^ JUi*j y_^Jcl\ liA of jjp . ^j^ ^JLjT 30.000 JI_po ijSJjj c..>w^f 



*l^l JUu tUjj cJl^j; Uji:* t^.J ^liJl 0^1 ^s^i^ V oL.>m 



crb JI ^> o- ^5*^1 JL^I c** S-^^^^' ^^^i»^l o^^. o'^.^ 



J*iJL cJl^ ^1 ^ 164 iu- L.JJ l^jj ^1 :UkLJl Of ^::uJ Of ^>SU. 







■ ri=Ji 6*2^1 



_^ (350.000) ^ Ujj LjJL* cJji-.l jJI o-UJI Of \yjjS jJL 



^1 ^l>j t£^l f\_^\ Uiw-I U lil (900.000) ^y,^ ^ ^jA 

^.aaJI j^ JaLj iJJ>JI of 111 ^. . <!jUiil SJb'li o! J ^- (J 

> c5^ljVlj JL>JI 2o=AJl ^)l ^ 2->J .^ > ^f II* <Df 
iLyj oL^Ual JUiJ jj jJl i^f tOji.;)! ^>j ^^1 ipbjJ a^UJI 
A<J SjIp ^jX2; ^^I ;^lLji of J^^. t ^y jlS (240.000) Jl J^ 



,ji\ji}\ ^ .-— :- JJiw ciJUj^l iUJi cwiii: ,>s^ 'OUjJl* jiJ 



72 



J i^\ tlf-Jip gyl ^ *dJ>l^'i'l ^l^ US^ :^ iJUl-^l -AsA.^ 



^ 120.000) ,-a.^illi VI JlJq^l Jii>-. H • r • V i^^'j ^J^' <J>^I 

. i*ji^fj 0^1 15.>*- ijr^U r^ r^i* -^^^JsJi ^f ' (c^ 

;^ U. J^l^l jhSC^Jl ^liilj ;jlki ^5U (9) _j ^_^l ^\ JU*.| 

(250.000) ^ U. l^^Vl ^i ^l>Jlj c ci.^j ^.jlkij ^jj ^.jUaJ 
Ji*; ^UjVl liH ijAlJiJi yjJl .Ji^ ^ai^ V of L-^. .jlkJ (300.000) J 



^ i^;U l^^ ^ oiUj tiJLa^ oUa*. Ji*; U^ jirf vi^L J^ ^^ 









^•liJl 6^1 i*-ljf (>~vU oL^;^ c:^- .^ jr ^- of OilS-j UJisi 



j> fa. Uo*. .(..^ ^liJl 0^1 il^ Jl JjVl 0^1 J»-.j :^ ^Vl UJ 



. Oj^ Syt* 0.4b jJl ^^j:*-Vl iaisAJl oJl. ^;^ 



J^ 



*^\ 




OlS" !Ji . Jj^\ JU-iJi Oyia* ^.JiaJl JLfJl ^ ijUJi (Ji« ois", 



.^>jj| ^ jji t^f ijUcJJ >jb of Oji dWjV jf *Vj^ M 



5pIjjJI 4^.^| ^ SiLj tijLiJi Ojs»-Mlj <:>jAi**Ji i>aJ J* 



73 



^Urf iLj^ SJlJ 9^^juJI (,-ladlj il^SJlj i>Jl JU*s-lj jU^Vl ^>j 



Jju ^,-SUlL Uili jU'yi L.f . ^..u.^" dj^ J^ >t Ji ^' ii ,;.a>JU 




«>ljjJl JpU: l5^^I ^;-.i>JI 01 Jp o^V iP J-b-)):Jjii. 



* 4# r 1 

k^jIwlJI II* J ijil^ ^ ^ Oj^tLp y_jS\ Ofj ^^f J^f ^>« 



.l£j^j i^USaU JJU:;. UJ iiL'U. l^ J\ J^^ /^\90-70 ^ ,1960) 

v_^ 0^" of ^^. -cS^ Uaj>I ^^ oyf j^Lty of J^ ^\y. : OJuJl 

' «u^jVl Ji S:>^)( ^^UJI 0>JI J^ cJjt> ^J 01 SjU Jli ■ 
4^jj of tj-*--, W t^ljf t^JJl >L. ^Ji OpUi. JI>-:^ ,>- jUjb 



. Sjl:sJl OIJL. ^ v-^l cPL-j cw*2J of a*j ^t>UJl ^1 ^\jki^j^\ 



^ Lyj ii.^ tr'J»>' ^S^ -J^ tC*-,«»j^ ^_j-^j*Jl j^ Llif ciJf 



JUJi APljj jUajl isy^ts • SsJ^^-^Vl i^^-JI ,>-v^ ^k '^^ ^ 




Vo^\ (y i!>Jl .i* v,.yMa.; J* U . ^_^jJl l.LiJl li^J Lijil 



^\j ti^S'LiJl jl>«-iL; iw-jyuJl tijJUJL ik^wJ' 4 ^J**^' iJ^J^' 



. ^Ul ^j>Jl oLiJU SJLij Jisj, .l_p IJU . ^U- ^j; ^ ,j-^Lf oUU 01 (1) 



74 



|jij» -^ lS!)U»;i .oJIpL^I oI^I JU^j ^M_^I ^^ Jfi ^j>^ 



ia)^ (>• jrl^y ^ ^^l* ^' "^f £==^=^ ^f Cr^'^^ c^jl^l ^j^ j^ 

.LiUaal Laj^Lj LjilJlpL l>-.<aiL5 ^J-* Ij— '>- "^^ ^--V^ i/ ^Jlji^ 



IXi-JjL^ .fJj .^) 150 iJ- 5-LU^ ^1=31 ^^Li >^ 



^1^1 ^l^ > LVL^ ^ SjjJuJI A^L^I c:--:! li^j . (184 ^ 



JlAj . ^L- jjLJ ..^ J. 5^.-b- i^- JU4 vr~i "^ V>^ 



tk.:. djij^.^cr-^^ r'-'^J J^ Jy '^-^^ 'Z^-^' C-'-^^' t^ 



,:j_^!>ui OjjijjJi ojij tk>- . v^ r^»^ <4^^ y t^-V^I js-Vl 



Uj 379 Sj_^j t c . J 396 SjjJ : ^} sj> oljjJ SJj^ ijUuJi (.1* 
^ . ol>-. y^ J5 .Jbo- CJI^ oUjlu. ,>^U (.U 147 Ji 207 



I^^U > 5:li»^ ^ly "Jlrrt ^ i^ljjJl «:)>Uis ^LJl L*^i "^Upf 



?*.dL«Lw o*L-t« *^JL*i-.l -J 




J ^-Lj*:i-.i j^ 



^>JI OJUi y-j J^\ jU«i-'i/l <:)^>JI Oji^Ul U jj-^. 
L^ ^^ ^ Ja2i Vr« 'JJ-^ "^ ' ^'Ji^' ^^-^ '-'^' ^^'-^ 

cijliJl sL^ ^ o/ ^j Of dJLi M .oc^ iijJf iJjf b^\ ^ Ji 



ybUi^ J>^\ tif) ;AiJjJI cJ-^ bU :J*Uii .Obij^l ^x^ ^5» 



Lj^C ^L- . jl-j; U^ l^ a>U Vj iJU^I 0- isisJ:)^! jL.^ i*i^ J-»i (D 



75 



SjU^Jl (JU* 01 ?l^ ,;j>-^J k?j -^iaJL- JJi CU>J (i-AjJfJl 5jUa*Jl 









VI J>JL djia^. .Uijif JU-i ^y iiUl SjU^Jl ^>J ^y 



(gi:;^ ^!>L.<as-.l ^ ^^jj^,J^^y. <■ c^j>ljr'^l -^1 «>>-JJ J-^» 



i-JUj^l Uij-il) ,K*U^_^lj 5jU>JJ i«j JS- Ij,^ »•>;.. If (45 ^UJI 



JUxL-l ^y J\ J»ai j-iJ oU5' .^ ,.j^ tQ!>Ui-l (19^ 




jlJf cuJlS" iJU-tJl U^f OL ^_^jj tji^ Uy^ ijj^ 6f pi*. 



■t 



.,_;Ls»JI *Upfj OJuJi OISC- j>. as-Ul isjipVl OjKJiw! 1^1^ ^^1 ofj 
J»Ui JJ^ «LaiJlj SjbVlj i-LJI ^ >iJl yjUVl jji Jl jLi. (».' 



'*^% Ds*'-rt ^^*-^ oUj^l of JUj .J\2ii\ ^UaVl iS'js- ^oa; JIp 






Jii-j sj^ l^fj sytx:* ^- J i-v"^UI iii)l of >^ 



hj^ d\S *:f J«.5li oj^l aJU* ^ ,_^>JI jji ^y JUj U Uf . tiLSij 

Of i^f rc^ (y,_^ ^j^ cJir i.-i*Ji ofj t t^j^ir (27.000) ^ L>" 



76 



i 

. o.,^^ J ojb {.^1 ctj ^j\s^ !5^> t^^l ^i^ UiSJ 









-^ :)U UJ\ ^ SJLif l^iSLjj jUiVlj ^LJI oLMiiLJ vs'^^' ^/^ 



i»^'J *iJ^ 



f 






. j;^"^ j>- ^L-t ^ Jj>- L^V Uyl ii.jj 




^1 ijUcJl ^ iaJ. jL.j^l ^1 JJ^ c^" cr^ ^^ 






'^j ?oL.j^l iUUirVl vc'-lrJl o*-^ ^Vj J;^" -^ <^^ '^^ = r*^ 



LU^j li,^ 1 1/*'-*^*^' r^' ^ ^-^ 



77 



Jy\2i\ ijgjl c-.ak^l oj_^JUI iiJJi jfj ij^ cJir VL*irVl 



^UjS/l o>; of ^ lo^ ^L j^p ^ VI L^Vj vJ^" ^j ^^^-^'^^j 



j\d^[ c^y j^jJ\ ^L . iJLy^l iLl.ljJLJ L^L^ l^^i; ^ oJiij 
J5a ia,l_^l j^ (217-211) !>UI^ j>I^Vl vr->*^ ^ (^-Ul 212 jly 



Ot wU. *Ur .^UijVl t^v" *^> "^J^" "^l^ M oljVl Jjo *U- -uf 

j5i 1^ J_^l J ojLiJl jl^ t^ JUJVI J «iU ^jjUJl ijpj 

" At 

:>j^\ IJla iJjjJl cJjbf I.Xj^j .iLjj^ jr oUJ» jjjj Oj^I ^U^f 

oi j>S^>Ul jLS- 01^ ; 2j^Ji^:>U c^l_^Vl o.>^j iUj^l ^_,^u^ ^y^Ui^Vl 
UjUVl 4Jji* cJa*»JI dilJLj oUJJl >L>-j;j 2\>« t> Lajjj La^j 

cuUi-l ^" L-jj Oj5i 2^U;;i-Vl ^^ IJl ?j_;ScJl l^i^t <^.^^ i>j^l 
cu;l^ ^>JI Sjj-*JI Ui^l JU c-->- *~-ii cjpi ^j ijUcJi SJLpf 
^L 4^jj r^^i^^i .i«»-iiiill Mi^rV *'^ "^^-^ C'V *I_^:>U s 




(j.) ^LJl Ojiil Ja-ljf j> fjb iJI^I JLipI of *V> Jl5>. 



(V^ OLSL- SUpf O^i^. ^.oJl ^ <Jlj>-i dl >ii OUy^- oUp- iPj-oj 
jLtsJl ^ _^l pjfcadP JOi il t^l_;i 0^1 iUj ^iJWl 0^1 Ja-ljf 

^^ ^l_^l J> Uif l^j . OU.VI J^ ^ JjLj M OL? 01 s^JJl 

VL*:^! ^f*j^f li -iji^ ^A ,^-^\ if Ji j?~i t^iJi v^jjJij isais:^! 



^ iJ^I ojliJl I41.J .|,^fj k; — 9- li^j is>-jj "uiljj cJlS" Ojj 



Ji l^iojL--^^ ^1 A^iUlj I.JH\ oyiSai Sjl> U:^j .(484-482) 



78 




JUJI 3!>^.j UL-I J U^ l*2i>f c> t>*f 
ol^l ijP^I oyt::;! jif y* w^l ^k-Jl ^U-j *l"^-iJl j^^f u^ 

.(V.JUJI >-.jJi iaiJi) i:*>L:^-i '*^.j^ 4 (>^-> <s?*-^' JL^iy) 



Ul 



Jij-Vi J^ jj . \^J\ r> .1^^ ^j^. ^ c5-iJij L*-A==^ L-«^" cj- 






Df '^. ,>$LJI ^^1 b\ J^lj /^^ti>Vl i^jJI oUliJJI jUiiJl 









i^ Li> Llu j«i ^. Jj AjUjJi ji :>ui ,^. oi$ ^"\^.jij^t 






I 



ii!>u»;i v«r-*Ji uV^ ^y^ j^ /.loi^i Ji ^ji js^ -l«i»^ 



• . ■■ 




^ 



.iJL^I.->bJlj uiLuVll y^ .J.- ^1 sr-J' f^V' ^^ f-*'^' •>* ^^^ 



• 



79 



¥f 



i .U.-^ jj-, Uj.^ ^j ^^^^ ^f j^ ^f j^^i _ 



(1) 







JijtJ ^ UL^ y) ^i^^j, apl_^i oiA _^ of U. UUai IJU 



j^- > ,^^ ^ui o>Ji J .\i^\ ujf ^ ^:>L.yi jLijji ju-f 

6.p) (f)^.Ulj .UUI ^^1 ^ ^^1 ^^1 i^i^ j_^ 

. (301-288 ^j^ 



SJliJi 4-^Ul Of ^ jfS\ IJLa jyt ^y^ cJ\i uiJLiJI > ._,> ^^U 

J^J J-j^J ' (f ) 651 J 450 ii^ ^ Oly>j ^^ ^.jljj ^jl^" . Lj 

.655 J 599 iLw- ^^ 






or laS-> ^:>^ j^. j^' «(^VI v>Jl <^f) Ubjj. >f ^j^ 



JupI .o,^ j^f ^^Si\ jjj\ of gii^l ^^^^,._, ^jL^ ^'t JL* ^. f^'l d^Ul uii:^l lij (1) 



. jjlJlj IstU !j_^ Jl i5JUl«JI Sj^^l jy> UU: Ulsi^ ;j_^ Ji 



80 



iSj^-'^'j tJljc^ <-h^. 'l-^j -^f <^f -V-^' *yj -^^ C-f'f -^JdJ •'■^Ij 

^1 jsij^i Of ^ .^^^ ,,,wi viJiiii 0^1 j^\j\ J d\s ,J^J 




ejlij ^_^j Jai»J ^if OjJb J^ *JLi 1 4j^,ksA«j iLU Sjli iLi j^ ti 






Oly»j Vl^ cy »f^l ' (^'^JJ U«) r-' 655 iL- ^j> ^ ^ f>. 

:J^j JJi ^ iJUJJui cOl^jj (^JUs»Vl iau>wJl t>i SJLi^ljlJl JJUJlj 

m 










(> O^U V-Ij- C.^^ J^f Jj;rj Ji. t i^^j Vjf O^ j^lj JJ ^ 

i'!AJ jJUw iJl^l ^jLupI JU. JjLi-.f j_^lj ^_^iLJlj ^j--UJl jJjii\ 
^ _,vt:J (^j ^j,^\ fjb j^ JbJbi JU-I cJjil J (*^Jai^ V 



v>Ji jysj y'l^Ji w.> ^ J^i^i jL>.^i ji>)i . iji; j-jL« OjJi>-Ji V-. L. ,>* (1) 




•VI 



81 



•^ IJA of JU . ^j^ ^1 v^l oUU^Ij oLLkll *ij>^ Nj fijUil 



jl5L- JJ OJUJI OlSL,j c*l>Jl JJ ^LJ'Vlj ,jij\ JJ OUj^l L2iyl 



i^iiiS lu^L ,JJJ liU . 4-^^l dJlL- i^yb iJi^ of LJLp ^ U.yl 

m " 



^ of J^. *y ii .?0>JjJlj JlJJ^l <«ry- (J t|iilj(0L;ii3^ 



,JL^ ipj ^U,^ ^ j^jUJl v-^ > bU^l ^A^ iai*^ 



Jbu Ujj <U-ii ^_^ j»^»«i *^^Hi CyJ "^ "*->'-' 'J'J** ' *— c^ 




v_;>Jl ^ i>>.^l jUjUI w--- J^ «^ JIJ-. ^>; 



82 



m 



j^hj cJS}a J5U^ iyL-jj^l V^l j^jy ^ 1^^ (f ^>JI Cf' ^ 



!u^ ^ VI Liyl jLJi ^^- 



•)UdO ^UIj:iVl Jl jl^u-L OjUL U^ (^Lofj lii s-^ •i' 



bU :J^\j Jlj^ A-H^i^ L^Lwtf U^jp /'^i^^l '^^ -^^ . Jy^jAi oUjJU^ 

La l^^^ *>J J[ ^, dl»jj\ <SJj\ ljL:>-\ Ll^ tla>. 01^ jLbt'^l 

ijSJ* oUailJ ^^^ UJU LpUis^I tils' (^-*-^l 01 j5jj ^yj . 4jjUjCLu*I 




jjj i^V gi^ ijiiji ^^j ,j.^s>^ ^ji\ jUxL-vi ^u«ii LjU^i 



* « 












1848 J 1830 ^^ I ;> l^TL- ^1 oLy^l jkuj iJUj^l AjjliJl 



83 






y^,^JS xs-j (130,129,117^) DUjsr -li* 4l>-»>L' Sjlji \>^,j^ Iju 



<.(yj^ji 't'j*") C*«<j-JLJ *i*s>-jj j_5* jl*»ij Ij—jIj* Ji^j (236,36 |_j^) 



Ij^jl r*^V atri^Mj>Jl j^^l :)U^ ui:.. oiJ .(187 it,^ 214^ 



tf rf 



Yla^lj jk^l ^ jf .ULS lalli v IjTj ^ cU^j U-^j jJ>ji 

•JLa ^^a . ^wiUl ui-lo^V _;vJUJl i*>J Oj^j>Jl aV^a Ja*j 

^ «^ .i^jJUl j_^Vl iAlJj ijLoJl Jib ^^«.sa r Jj *.^iU i_oJi jk^ 

IJla yh L. .L_JI_^I J-15CL. JijL- aJL^L- UjS; jU:>>JI jkuJl IJU 



Jj> \JS \jaJJc. ^ ^\ ^[ tt^iUl ^1 OIjlJI ^ CJj-rM' 
UN>;x«, ^1 ji>Vl SjU^ i^jUJ "if j^jU>.j .(>iJlj ^JJI ^Sj^ 






^ 






'^J^ Cy ''^'V^l "Lj^-Jl '-r"j'=' J^ ^-H^" **-r-iJ .^>-V-LJ *iiJ^ 



J-^'i j^-V-U iljf j*s>w . ijfHj^l «jUJ-L iLij ^y,ij ^j j_^J^ j,Ji:;j 



^. jj (^j|-Ui-.l oVtAi»UjOjJb vj>'yi SjU>Jl OjiJU-Ul V5«i«i 



84 



j^j J^J\ j-^i,^ l^jl^ij l4JL;Hu Ujj CU.U .Ijy a,ljJL *i*dl 




i^toJl iylii* oLjUL aal^Jl iikJI J>.b c^JiJ *J . apIj^I i^j j!>UI 



jj^ ^ .^JLyJI iJJUJi iJU*Jlj oIjUJIj ivU! ^- UK i3_^l jJL. 

j^ 212 (.^^ ^ of Ji ^1 Jjs^l Vkj^l Sjl-^^l Ji^J (>«^l 

. 4pU»JI sL>- dj^ji ([^jJDl jJUI ^U^wiL ^««^ aJsIjJI 




ajL. d.5L' iLt U,>l iy jUj^i ijr^l j^i:^! JLiJ . il^l Vp t j.1^ 



J ^L^Vl ^ ?ii>il i^ill «JLA SjjS'Jl! i-,jJll ^- uij^ cSi- 






JjJl tJLkll tjUII :i^'ljJl ji^l ol^ 0>>-o 0>-j>Jlj JjVl 



5^j 278^ 46^^ tO.f) KbyJij v-^l Ji '^P' tv*^l Jl 
^ (.U^VI l^ s^ ^lla^t l^Ur ^ o-SijI l^Li L.JJ Uf . (137 ^ 





^ - 1 



Ji>)l -^^.jlJ i-'l^ ^> Ji> v=^ ((?Ujj i^ ^^- of b^:^ 01 

N ol^ > t^>-^l J^A::^^/! OIj : ^y.yuJl 0>Jl v>' Jj^l V .Si 



J^_ ((iiJi>Jl «JlA lji*Af ^ 01 v>JI sV^ tk? 'cT-y^' ^lito-l ^yi 



85 



^b"i lj*Jax-j (J n^LiCJ tiJLp SjUfl^v iJU-Jl U.yV IjaUt <jL«j_pi Ot 
^*l^l ^L^ 'J-H>- iik- «:>f V-^Li /JU .(126 J 

OV tl922 i-- jj-S;^! j^-JjJl t-'l::S' ^7^ ojl^ii 



Jl ^jijtLAlja*«^_^>Jl J>J 






120 



1955 






.0. 



r c|.uj 



^ Osi^-lj^l ^:>\ J[ i^\J\ c-U .^.sU ^ U;lku Olf *l> 







.Up L-JJci; of ;Ujj ^y aJi1«JI tio>Jl Ua*Jl («JaX«J |J ^i\ 'jA^ 



^ yj\ -u ^xJtu UJ ^1 ^ j-U^y J2 b\, ■j\^, - JjLi ^^ 6yi 



US' iJLSobj .v^>uJ ^^^1 ^\ iJ^f- ->; ^y j^ L^V V> ^ 

^ti ^f Oj^>. ^yJl ^jjJl if LIi:-M ^.y^l 0>JI ^ U--^- 
ii^ ^L-V Jj i^jLp ijjljl cLk>.f c-5ifjl I4JV ji>J ^ L.JJ of ^> 



.^>J 



-XaJJI ^ L.j-*>^ ^-ii^' ;>JI ^j-JI 



^j-! jLc; 







VI J-ijL: ^ j>-JI li^ Of 

of Ji*i . Jlj>Jl J iJ*U3l v-J>Jl iJUJI iJL^ JIp t> Jj>^- Jl 

A—L-. ?-L?»i; JjUill JL*jj 4*L>. j^f OjJb i;jU*i«.l uJIOj 



L 




; cJir 






iLiJL 




f . 5-UVI 




. ^^f JL* osi^UUI cji!>'.A'.....\\ jjiSc. ^ ^la^Vl Jl lj>:i Of > 
UUiJ L.JJ ^ Jj oL-J^I iJL,^^ ^J^ *V i,>.-^l J Ojji 



86 



i*lj i.jU. jy J-; Jj tiot*«a. iJljj*- ol^-j ^ J.JO- oLviUJi ^jJl 









UU AiU:y> ^.yVl «^l > iilJJI ^ Ujj oL^U 0.^1 .1^ 



L>JL.U iSJL- jiLA jj> |*i:>^ c^i::?! dUJJ .(.Uisllj *li^ ,y-:;j«L. 







l^ ^iV iLl* J^ lj^j}\ ^ZJauJl Jp^b >.Ut ;y^ Aj.^\ -JX :,> 



iIOaIj UU^ oa::io Jij>JI .JL* ^^ .v^'I^L ;JL5t-j Uii^ 



.AjiliJl iJUJi ^ v'L^I ojjij JjVl iJUJi 



. OKJI jmH^ o>J| iUJi ^ .UUlj ^jH\ <J>Vj^\ J\ .Ixci J. 



b ^Ly^l >J-JI i^ ibl>- (p. J 105-112) ^>^ iiS> cJlS" li] 
CJ15 ((-24-17) 0>i Uji*j clcil ^1 lOjliJU ^j^ D^i ^^y io-^ 



'r-^ ^Ujj) ,»^i^ ^ oUj_;i *:)Ll-i ^'j ^^i jai^ ^ i^ 



87 






L-j 113 ^ 



aJLa 






Ur cJbJ*JI ^_^Vl -lJI JL*. Jai^i ibjii i^u. ijjjU ij^yJI ^akuJl 

. <.l>^f ^ JU i^JlJI ^Lj^I c^I J>.li ^l_^l JtjUi-,! ^^U; 






. (jJly) *UjVl ^Uif jjo \4\ Oj^'ifl JUj . l^ ^_y^\ OjU^ J_^ 
IjJlS- ^.JUI ^"jU ^Lf ^y. ^Li-UU IjPjL; Ijl^f I^^LT ^,j|jj| of dLi V 






1^1 3jj>. ^ ^Ij^ >L ;k.f ?^-l;j. (.f .:^jil^ 9^J^ ^f 



380 ^j 347 JJ oL- iJI^ ^LjjVl l^'b ,*^f >* *> JiuJi . JUJI 
.A^UJI ,»^l>f J,,S>d VMb ^iSOiSai ^1^^ l/fcL-l ^tj 400 J 



OjjUJio IjJlS- p-i/^ OV cJv ^Ui J^ ^ o^hMI c* ^^"' '>*^^ 



JU;VI IIa J.U. .^U::;rVl ^!>U.VI Jl>^ J SJL«Jl ,h*«I^ c^ 



;^f jL' j-^ OUj^l Jl jU,:! 4|U| jJUU ciS>Jl vJlJLAf ^«^»^ 



^ .jjOj >* cUyl JL^j. ^fj Js> UIp iJili ^j ,(375-371) ^y>jS 



jijIjJl ^ j>I^Vl iJ!5Uf ^jjj Ujj ^1 ^^1 ^,X^" ^jti .396 
.1966 t^j*^L. t^f^l ^ 4^li^. .146-144^ ''j^J^) (»^L^"0 
i-,fl-,d>«Jl t«-.J^' "^0^ 4 398 iL- jjJL?- ^y^\ .(207-200^ 



88 



oJL^I IJL* Ob SjjUaJl t^ljVl ibjri-l y> aJIjiJI oljjiJi <Jjjt, 
c lii\j J U^ DLS- i5 JJl t L.JJ JLi^ti SJI^I i-jJ^I *i«J (J 



JU o-ji^ Os^^' ^ "-J^ ^^^' -^-s^' i31^ii ^^^i^^ L. jO* 





Jj> OjJl^'l Oj^j>Jl ^--^. . i^^A ji^Vl vl-jjl SjU-ll -T-^ 



.jU»i^% ij^\ iSU\j W^ c*iJJJ^' jWi *i-j^ .^LJI 

^u.1 <i\U iji;cJi OjJi^i Ojp^j>Ji ^sji >i .v-y ^.> c>»j 

^1^ ^ISC^f ^^" V . ^'^^^bi\ ^j^ J^ iJl^l iji-^Jl i*liiVl 

,>!jPlj_^l JL*Jlj Jijlj^l Otri >*^' ^ Oj:»-jl^. . ij«J>Jl ijj^^l 












VJ>JI vyJl aUill ^ Siy-t. oljj^- ^ .JU .1962 v-;>Jl Sjjill t Jjij- jJl >il (2) 



. ^1^ l<=iUx. > JJ. J:>\ ^i ^ 



89 



1^ <y->* ' iJ'-i <^J'*^ J-V ^jjJ Ji» ' l5^ r^ -y- ^«r^ j^^i ^>*J 




^. J^^-j cJ^y ^ ii^ 'cr-Vl J-JI jrjL^ o^ :^U=>-l 



iULJl i-jjL^'^l *_*jVl oUU 't^Li J^ 





LvijL*- OlS- ^ J^ /^ c-*^ UUj Jl Ot IjJj^ ujj:ui . (28 ^ 



. (L) . a) . oi^vai* JIp Lv-S fjs^" Oljj*; L^t >i^ V«iJ^ ^L;" Oli-wai" 



l^i^L- oL^'L; vr-< 't^lj^lJl J>^l ;> 'k>J ^i*i*^l (148-147 ^ 






15a 







OjSi of jJbu V l^li t^jsJl i^L- v^l^ ^^ l^'la* j^jj ^aJI^I 



jilji Of t jUcL-.'ill i-,LJ ^LJI c \yj^ ^\ ^JjSj Jl^ j>;-. 
s^>jJl _,^ap tOUj^r 1931 i-^ L«j .li ^1 AS^H\ J^ 1951 <:«, 



>m3 ^^I iJLuiJ jt <:)j5i>Jl (:jj;>ij>Jl jr*i I iU Ui^ (H-*^ • i/l>i"^l 



j.^-1-.L . JijtJl 2-1^ J ^j.^ ^'^\ ii . (^Jl jf) y-Ji c^^ 






90 



i-LJl it o-Jf of Jjl^L- .^:>\jCfi-\ v_«~^ saJj* l_^jf |,^f ^>s9- 
jkL. /Uj^ ^>Jlj 4(js-J>Jl 0*^j>Jl o!>lij[j ^ ^-ii:- 

|>i.rj V-.UI IJll ^ i^jUJl ^jJl 0^>il i^j^Jl Jr- -^^ 



, ^\j^ ^ ^L-ilj AijUlJI j>5jVi»jJl 



91' 



IV 






l^iU^! iak:. Uyl JU-i Di iL'LiJi Sjjk-SU U^mSl.:- ^ jU^ ^l^ J[ 



W c> rli-ji ^JdJ\ jjjs ju^f) ..^>lij jyji j^^L 



. ( 1927 



i^ ^y. f. lioJl ^\ ^ oJU^ s^Vl :ujVl uiyLsa 




^ j*.t ^.jL- ^1 ^ju or -t.^ ^>o * i^.oaji i->ji jju>ji j^r 

iijJ lu-jiJl ^>JsJl ^j**-« SjUitf- cJir j2w*- t^^ * ^^j^^ -V^l a* 
cJl^ ijliJij ^^JiJjJI oUik- .Di J^l ,:^^ ^ i 4-^ ^\^Ji\ A^Lj 

It 

J^j ^1 oIpIj^I SJbJj t vililjt ^ ^'yjA oljjJ Jlj:J l>J 1 5Jb-ij 
^y»j tOUjJl JUP lij\ji\ jL>.Vl ^^ of ^L ^jkuJ .UlJU* Uj 



* . ••. 







92 






^ 






^ Vj**^! tJj^ SJ5> oU>w. jj^ b J j^r . ijuLaJl s>J| jjjj' ^^ 



"^ ji^l <^f ^ISl-Vl (W* Ja«-jJl ^1 >.yJ> Js- ^.JUUI ^^Ul Jijb 

. (261 ^ ; 1962) ^j^\S 

■ 



i^jJl Jl ^1 ^y jaJl ju* jl.,^b .yL. l^JLsLi Dfj . ji.^ > 



l^^j ^j^L^Vl L^.^.^ J^ Ljf ^ Sibj jAj^-^Ul Jl ijU^I 









93 



"^ iy*J ' f • t5 j-ii^i <^>^i *^*f ^.ji^i *i>^f U?^ -i*^" o^ ' V-r*** 



Of LJjjf lii . ;UJI 0- S>r' oUU*- VI L4..j:jJ V iJi^^ 'Jl^ JI>- 






^. j»^» .y^yui ^ (35 J\ 86 ^) c-^L-j ((..J 126 J\ 210 ^ 
Ji 330 ^) OUtj ((. . ^ 120 Ji 55 ^) cu^Uj (25 Jl 58 ^) y\^ 



^jUI 0>JI ^y U«!)lS-j ,^,j^j ^^jj>, piSci ^* .JJLi Cj^ (400 



^j^ Lk *^>«»Jlj . i^;«lwi UaI^j ,j,aii:j Ajj^JUl oIpUj^JI jt^>«>- L)t jt^ 



»ijUl ^y A*-.L«f ojALb (l)ii ji*"'! . t^ rrt^ j* ^ J^^ j«*L*^ 



I 



^i^r^ jij (H^ ;5f J-ii "lif Oj^ Oy a;^ >-Vl >■ J^\ji\ AJjiv. «^Jsi>Jl 



JL^f JIp bU:u>l IjLa Jji .^1^1 oLL^ ^ 0>J>JI UUji-l 

.*j ^y>\>- Qi>yu> («.S^ W^y4 

^ i_^> ^fj /uu; ^J»o- of jj *ij>^i ji> ^ J^i 0^ ijjf 



.iiUl 



^^J 




jui^^jj ijlj>^l SjU^I yt ^ sjJjiJI sa^jJI ciUL? j^ jikLi 



94 






:iL>. t;-;^^ja ;i^ 4jl; lis:*, .Jj^^ vj^> i> -'"^ c>^' 





Uj;* ^iJLiJl c-.lk3l ^Jl^ji L. jAj cv>:S:-" 6'-'^' - J*^ L- •> J'> 



>>. ^ .olpj jO. 5L^ Ji^. U.^t oi>^ u**->>>* '^ Ji 



.yiio. fl^. ^ ^yti^l -UP o>-l U J^r of (117 ^ . c) ^i >^ 



j^_^i ^ ju-iJi j^ui <ji^ A- ijU; oiitju i>; 



^L^vi ,H-^" <3i^ <-f>^ . ^1 ^^1 ijj>j UjI*^i ji iy^>-i 

if U JU- .v>:S:JI jcijUl U Ui^. ^>JI .iU; <^ oLi>Jl 
ifl -^ L^> ^1 v-LJlj VL^^^I oL-kdl ^Ul > 



o-Vl jf pJl A-^l:::'^! iJL^Uil J*U L. .1-^ iiJl»i'^lj V-ijl=Jl 



L> ^ ^. ^l^-ifl li^ .a^l ^Vl l^ l^lji .vi^l 



95' 



rb;Vl SJ_*UU vV <A'*^\ oLJij- j^^ k> jLi^x^J Ji. ^ 







JJ ^ iJL^yi ^ ^L* iU ^lyi^fl IJIa ^_; lii uf .^1 J*^ 




sL^ ^ iLiil. oi>.^ u^isi Of iajuJi ^ .^j^jJi iJu ^ ai^i^i 

j\ Cj^ ,^\S \^\:i\ ^t^jUJl ^- V ;JiVl .Ju' Jl. Ofj i^'Vl 



la-^ LS-jjf jUpVI li* ^ ^'li^l 'j\ U>J lil .Jo^jxJl w.> 



V ;4j2^l V-J-JI (JiiiL ^'^^l Jb .*lk-^ (^jjjj Uis2s^l <:>%^l 

(.Li i5^ly 01^,^1 :,^^| ^ gi U ^f Of Vi ;viUi ^ dU 

JLAJI ^ %\ :^L l^-li>U c:^ jJl olJJL jJ^Ul dJLL" ^"oljUl 



oiiJj ^jJl J>«J i*i^ ijjL^. ^Ut Jj, iijjc^s p, j^ ^^1 



. ^IJJ iijL *U-f jUVl J«>J di^ JyJl ^ Llij ,iiji ikL- "t5^i 

Ji 4 ijilp 4S>J L^ W'" '^Ijl-VI ciU; ^y^- ^ t5^ of v^. V 



^j;dl <iUi JJi ^ usA^jJl' i»i^ JU> iij* Si/ a.J| ^^_p of v^. 







i.1 II^j .i^^l L«._^- ^ ^^f cjL.i UjL-^l 







Of Vi . :uUJl ^ c-ii>.f iy oljUi ^,^L- ^ iiuui\j ^yl iiiUJ 



u- li-ii-^ jtj-f Vj=2i J . <3^!>UI ila^-Vl c^j ^1 ^ JLtei-'Vl ^jji 



96 




JU> ^ Ot Ju. Vi ,^J ^-^l j\ ^^l , ^^wVl oJUb jj5>j 



ia::^ ui> J ,^J uiiiJ J-Ui-Vl ^L; JUc^ ^1 ^L- ^jLJl 






. *Pjl_^lj fil^jVI ^j ^'UJI cJ_^l illjJU-l ,>. ^" 




,_,«JaJl vj>Jl »Uj1 t^j :>L jt j^ji tUjj cuijf :iL2iw. 



' Jl^lj Jj^l o-^jiJ L*li iiLi c^- i!jjUJl SjL.)/! c^lku-lj .iJb-jJl 



c*U* .^^It^ ^k->-^ tkA^' ^^ Js*^" a* i^l^l *^U-JI ojs>P 



Ijjsifj tUj^j L*jl>^j l<Jj**^ UfJl^ '*ijjl-«Jlj ajJ^UI tj-ijUVl 



^ i^i J5>.^ ajl-j Ajsaji i^>ji cjir . jp^-ioJi ^ u^»i Ujj 



^ l_p> 4 — -jjl 3U>.[ OLi:* *,,^Vl ivijL^ oU^J iljU^ 



of dUi jiAj \jj [^ ^_usi ^j i^jUJi is> c^jj . isa^i jtju^^i 



,^ jsf^dU ai:uJL OldLy Uaj ^AiJtJuJl J>JI A J JUspI jf t*!^,,^! 



^1 sa^l^l iJ^I ;JjJiJl !^ ijliJi ^j . U v.".^.^ vUL^I 



. ^,jkJ\ jl^ijllll jlw J ^jl Jj>J iiaJu CJI? ij>J Uj 



c^Si- SJis-lj D_^f of Lia^ ^ . Jj5>^ I JiA J^ ^ ^^ "^ UJ* 

of jf 4^. J JjVi 0^1 Ji ^UJI 0^1 cy u**^"^' v>^i <JL^ 

2?*^ j> La?- iljf j^jPji of jf t^l'^y ^ ^ (i>!l Jip ,>~:~-U 



97 



jHfrJI yo ^Vl IJLji t Clp IaI:j^1 iILa of t^f i \Jj ^ \i[ j^ . d\j>jj\ 



V ^\Sj U 




<< 



;V 



^^iJ^ JSUi ^ V t J^ j»,«i- j*»J ?Oil v>*J' *^. t^^ oif 



-(>hLjl=Jl ViS^J 



^^f JSLi ^_^ Jj 'ti!-.L-Jl -ij-^l 






iJ L^Li 4 ^yJl j^L. LyJ ^ 4^jjL. iar of ^ lil . ajIJL jSi^ 



i£j^ B*ljj ^ j^JUl JLJI J1*j ^^jJQaVl i»s>^l ^^J -ia-^^l jj^j*- 



t}[»c^l ^ toUUiJl Jsrj _^ j>s«»ill lift 



(.-fJcftJI (3 r^ 








•H* «• l> 



erf** Jri>*^ 



:l^ ^>JI Lj^j 01 l:li 



Ja^-^l J>-iti . JLj*)! I**] 'iLrlj:>j] iJliJij t!jU»Jlj oJJI SJb-j JjVl 








(^*^l cjyull 


(2 \?) iiiUI 


^l^*^! 


^/.^\ 








^Ul 


^jj2sJ\ 


l^^JlJI 


(c^>-ll) I 


UJ^I 


j->UJl 


** 


Jl^l 


(c^>Ji) n 


i.^^1 


^^1 


^j\y^\ 




(c^>Ji) ni 



^ HJUjJI a^UU JljJIj .V't-Jjll jf VrU-jiJl **JL*uJl JjUi^l ^ ^X^\ ^^>JI (1) 

. ^Vi ^1 J* ja;-^! ^Vi ^>Jij .*;!>- > yyuJi 



. i>A, ;^>JL)I ^^1 ^ jl^Vl Jl (2) 



98 



jiu; ^ ^1 ^j6\ o-M J* r-^i '-^ ^^_ s?* r^' 

^LJI 'ji^lj ^ .SjUJl c^L^ i-^^l ^JJ ^^1 C"-^ S?^-^' 

Aft 




^ii^i jijt ;> ^.^-^ '^ ^b->^^ '"^^j J '"^J ^j-*^' -^ ^1 






UjUI ;JL- Ji JvaJ 



\^ "aL^\ 



•*♦ 



iiJbi^ *Lif ^- iiJLaJI of (Jb^ li.i L* JyJl IJ^ u«» 5-AJli t^f . K JJL* 



oU-^ ^^1 L.U ^J^j iUJij iJi--Jl ^;^2>J >Ai>iy i^j**- ^ t|f 



^ j|f ,^U<Jlj J^l 015:- > l^f L^aii^ij c^Vl oci •I'J'j^Jl 

SJi^lj iU^ . . iL:5LJl oU*^l .Jji^ iaii j-U^" j^jj ^y'L-f <*^ 
i_ijSCi tiO*^ 0_^«-si« i^f ;jA Oii :j>>.^ aUS' t AJ^si^ ocA^ Cj^ U^ ^ 



Uy cjij^ r^\yc^\ h:^ Ub UJ '^j^ 4 . fUJI i^l l^^ ^ 



oj_^l Jp UJbJ Ujf UiJ£ lib'u!>il C*^' '**'* "^ '^'^' ^UVl 






99 



^ L^f ^ ,,5^;^ U:^ ,\^j^ j^ ^---^ t^U ^l5>j ^_j\j 




L»jj-^ of cSy^U- U.j> ^^ olJLlI Ji ii_^l Olyp iJLaJl Sy^UJ 






of 0,^--^ *^"biJl ^"IjJl IJu Ojsj>JI Oy-jjJl iJjJi V 




JJljjJij a^l>Jlj ijjUl of OjASiu, i-yJL. SyfcUi ^^*:>U1 

l*^^ of v^. .yu^f oIpU^ ^>. (i^UiJi l^y iljU^ jf Ak|>JI 




1 I-, U-t i 



JjUJ Ofj 11* ^ -L«jf ^1 *--AJiJ of ^M-^ J* 



4jf ^Jb Jb-f V 9 

S>:>-Jl c^" c^jii\ aLj1\ of JU> ^> ^f Jory, V US' tiJUj^lj 






Jl t.->^^li JyJi Ji r**i-^i l-^J .ia^V s> js- ^ ^Vl 10* ^^ 




^>' j^ u>-J • '■^J^ Jlj*f -»i>" '^ l-JJ ^j^ *^ v^ '^: — -^" 



jj^l *bJf c^ljjVl J.J Ol^jj JJj J^ cJ^- ^1 SiUJ\ 



J[ ijliJI UJ liU ^ of yb jv;>JI v^lj of ^. t J^^l ^.jUI 



^Ly^l ^^1 ^L y. La jJUJI (1) 



100 



[^U^^ ^^^j U^Ux. jr ^ liLiJI Ul^_ Of .i-^Ul ^ 



c««J . ^^>JI jijUl J-^f Ji^- i:.^ sjpl^ lAjj.sfl:j of -14*- ^ ^ 
/ .j>; ^L-f cJl? l^V V ;v>*J' L»^l^ <JI> Ijs^ Ijji i^\ 



^UiJ ^,.:u-lj Jit aiJ .^Vl jUI jLi^V i^>Jl jUkJl *;^jj c-UUxlL. 



j>SUi :>U . WL* bj ^UaJI vUUi 01^ ^1 4 ii>Jl vwi^l j|_,*:l-L iJLDi 



*1951) U^ *ljl ^] o-jUtS- ^J^\ *^a*^ ii^ jJU. ^^jLjjil 

. (271-261 ^ 

ijUcJl ^- tj^l IJLa ^ l^'li_j LtJU ^1 tLtoJl i^ljj 01 



tj~ UJ oj>i aKjl* t^ijLJl 2^j ^ s_^ JjV toai*J 

^jt^jil ^ UUjf Up Lpj w_^ oL U«ujf j_^ ^So,:^ 4 4ijU*i.-Vl 






. jjjjljl j51 J liJLJUJi jL^I A-j oJ^- UJj ii>i c-J If-j; 



101 



i^Utt J.^M)I 






103 





] 









104 



I 



ijiiiCJi oi^H'ijiii -H* v>Ji J^^ (r) u-*^' •^-taIi J>JL>v 



iSJjcs V «t5>-f .^^Cuj iJji jl^" Oji J^ t> :4PiUJI culjill 



. ij^ >L. ^:)U Jl ^ y>« jLtl ;>:j V jU»l 






Ll:? ^;^L^ ^^ji\ ,<^ \yjjS dlp^Jj .(v^lj ^j^jy.) ^\J^\ 



bi ^Hi [* jdh iij^py> ki.|jb-f ^ <_Ajt5L "y tjljq^l ^_,lil 



« ■ 




. sjbJUr o:5\ijL" 



aJUjJI ^IjVI l^ UJ cuwJ M iJU^I oUU^I c:Jl^ 



JlJUjJl t^f t^l c-Ai apL^ Jjf .,,..,,-■; ^ iJU-iJi U.^1 cJlSj 



«uriJjs^ S^Li c^" 429 c-, JIp^I J^^ IjjL^-l . UL-j ^ ^ 






01^ iJ^U iU ^1 t^U Uyt ^ ^1^1 y.% vi^u. of Jl v>Jl 



iSJjJI ^IjVl ^1 Lju-U «1^ pi ^^ ^_^j. L<_,f ^1 ^- (1) 



105 



J. .Sl>r V .OU^I j\^\ ^j ^^ a:- l^ \j^y^ Ji S>LVl 



.:;-i^L- ^ ..A-ji vi-. ^>i^J • 477 ilP Jl .^ (^^Ij irf^l 4;^U- 

Jji its' UJ^j tjU- Uj ^ifJ (^^S^j |J tijj*Jl JjjJl t^— J- (^ ftjJy 



ilaJUl oL.jf J^ JJo-J iJbc--. iii Ol^ . olUL L.JJ Js> *:>Lu-Vl Jl 



»_j>Jl cJb»-lj i»j~J tij|Jb-Vl OjjJ* *J .iJ^Avsj ^[^■»j--> l^i?-'J>Sj 

iJbJUl Ji*i .JL^-j J^l j>I^Vl ^ 445 t- l^i^j Ujj JJU^I 
.4*jjjb _/! ^^ -csa 468 i-. JU^I iS'p JUio Ot JjU^ .i^j-iJl 

IS- 
iAv» -o-isyj ^-^ i^JUl _^ c^liJl ^j-Jl IJUj .Ujj ikL- vl._;i if 



^ iljJl JL. ^>)l ^ Ajt Jl l^iS- ^" ^.jj^ olJ_^' cJ 



. ^jjju g^L^ jJi>d ij-^ ol>>. l^JtSj j^ Ul**- L^ . ^UiiJVl 

^ lyj_^ jJKi .>.r *^ ^L- j^-Ujj JaJai^j *^ iJ/Jl SOp-j 0^ 

g^l>.ji-l lit 4 i-jVl 5>i ii ^L- £.U^ ^lj:»:-L U ir-U- "^ . U\iH\ 
^ 214 Jl 205 ^) ^,jjJ^\ jJ> J:>^-VI SJL-ij Ji^^i ^>- ^«-i; 

..^ J5 ^ fj^l 4ijj ,»4^f 6jj~Ui >uiJL JIOJ^I 01^ 
^ l^jj _^ . UlUib- ^ Li lj>i ^j aJL-j^I Lii>1 :.jJ^ 1>io 

^ .ijii ;^ ^ i.-s:iai *L-jj jjtj ;i^ ^ ,>jS:>ui jir i^ ^ 




gljJI 0^1 ilJb ^ ijJuSL-VI y^ ijJlp t^iil ^;-jijt ^1 *-*>" i-~sai ^ JLLtil (1) 



(f) 



106 



W 4* 



J_f c-^l III .AjSyjilsai i--;;^:)! J JUi. J>.b JliJij . jyui 

. :Lji ;*w» U^l Jfltb oL.j^l 



fjjl a* I^JJ l-=i J'-^^l ^JJ ■ VV M^'-^l ^J>" ^^^^-r^f ^-^ 
!» a* (^>*J (»^Ll>.i ^\ \aXs.j .,^*l>il (v^ oJija >iJl 



!5Ui cJlSj . iJl^j •>**; ^j'-JL^jj ij,;^*-* *i*>^ vi-*^ of JytJl 




^ji ^, ^ IjU-cJl j-^lj ^1 JiJjJl J^\ jU Ujl:* 533 iu- 




I* 

iljUfc4 OJ .LjS*^ <jis^jLJl (1)1 JJ L^UjJLjij ljjUa>' i*-jjiujl ilji^l 
y* ikjri ^y> -J^^Ui^l oLJIj ^Ulll ^*tdl iS> ^^\^ Jl^^l pI^^I ^I 

'^ 0O^!>U cJapfj .4-5:;Sai aL-jj ^Jla* ^yj ^iJiaJl ^i^^^^Jl 




J^ : Jl-U^l j>Jl *UJf J-^ L. jjiJi IJU *Wf J-^ . JL^f ii%* 



107 




^\yi\ ^j (565-527) JLJa-yi j>l^'Vl ^ . iJXjl ijb 



^,5S%JI jLS- «^f J:-:^ cJU> ai '*ju^ cJ^y*^ of ^s-^ 1^ 



^_^ t pJl j>- UjL*l jiTf Uj I OaJl J>»- oL-^>Jl c—Jj , L*>f 



of, c Jt::^! JLi J^Ui^*^! Otj .CJSiJ Ji i/^l ikUl Ot ^ i':>^* 



uij^lj oc^^l o*iJ U*V^^^'J 0^^' Orf SJ*^ 






^ Olr'fl^ it>5^"l* (»-*^^ V^^l '^-^ -^JJ^' "^J^ L5» (^JJ-^ 



^ 533 Ji 429 ^ J!-Ljpi u-._^l ^ ^ wJ^" '-*-^ 

i^ ^jl>Jl SjjJ Jl 649 ^ v^i ^' 649 J[ 533 ^ O^jJl 



liUi O^Vl 015LJI U . ^:;siL. Sl> ^ SI>JI Jly-f jl>:-.L 







d.:>U . ^>- v>J t>-J V>'-^ ^J^J'^ 'r'j^ '■ ^^ ^^' ^^ 



.>.Vl j>" iO*- tiji-- J^ tAsi^>- oli>L». a>U c>l:^ 



108 



\ ,•>% .a\\ 




fj^ 



. j-LJl *UJIp ^- oIp iJL-. ^ ((. ^Ul djii\j ^^li)l 0>)l (>i) L.J 

. Oli », Ji iL*. U^ pLJt 



:i%* 1»U; J_p- ^UJI jSV^ ^jUl j^uJI IJL* J 



«■ «» *■ 1 



o^jf Lyj Dl Jli C-P- a.Ui i>J ^^1 Ji Ji> OliyU- OlS" 






U^ ,y^^ *l>»waJI J>i <l)f OLjVI ^Iku-I J^l ili-l_^ . (j.) JjVl 



jJLJI iiO^ 49JU«> oUlji>- «>Ap hj;Ajc^\ L^L«o ci>-i»r Ujj (1)1 Jlij l-« 



l^jf Vl t \ijj^ Ay>^ J <JLi:6\ tiJUl J^l \^j gU-iJl LLy I Jl 



. ^Ij t-AJl ^ jj*iJl JU-^I t^jXJl J**JI ^ cJU:-Af Ji^l *j-J 
01 Jlij . -UP iJUj^lj iJLl_^l JJUjJl o^ ^j t iikJl JU^ iJjlt 
.^.^ 500 J ^.J 500 ^ iUL^Liil UsJl J^U- jj-Jl O^jljJl (W^j 

i|>. I^j^ ^ai- . OUjJI;, j.>Vl oLb^ O^yJl 0>.UI I4. Jwc-u 



109 



i^^UJl 0>JI ^ J!>U ^ hjiC ^ ^\ii\j 1870j 1848 ^ ylj^jJI 



^1 M>wJI jj-sJIj ^>UI ^ ;;r>s*^ Ujj-u oU^uJl dLJi:j 



. ^jU\ sf^L p-^. !;LjL- cJJf ^Ij .\j^^\ J ciixJ! 



•J^' L5» lM-' c5*=^l liLJ i*r^li o> of 0^1 ^ J[ ^ukuJ ^ 

<P^ J^ O^jljJl ji:o V diUJir ?ij^ ^Lj ixkuJl Jl ajj*. j^ J>-if 

t^JUl y» J*>JI of Oj-^>. j>-iJ>Jl ^ U/i ^ 01 ? ii^gi '(if Jl^^l 

f>-' L*» '^j=r>- <>^' Oj^ 0* . ^.jUI j>JI VJJ^ '■>*^' J^ 

^L-VL SjI jJI 01 . aJUai-I Jl ir-LJl jpJU' Of Oji ^iill ii- *ly.<-^l 
o-u ^Ul j^r-jb of ;y> |*JLJI U .yUl ^^uJ Li* c .jj ^^U:i>-I f^ 

j_^ L^.jL- ^JliVl Jjjp i._^ of t5>»^f Sy J»>-^ ?t3j-lJl ^y Uil:. byl 



•>''>JI tji* i^^ll ■>yr->iJ *J\:i^\ f^ >--~i ^ i-iliuj >-ij^\ iSi\jLi i^ji- ii\S (1) 



110 









jtJ^ ^ ^ iJiSU ojUJ :>j;rj JiJ\ 0^1 viUi ^^ »J ^JS 
C^\S ^/i\ ^^ *lj^ V ^^l 5a->-^l SjM! 01 . *IJ>JI L2i>fj u^>Jl 



W^jjj-^^ L^Uijf «:)A^. <j«i>Jl d«^J>J> «^^ c^ is*^' 



^y* Ojs^ L. ^^Ull ^ 0.>;>.-^, (»^V !>L^ Iji^ 

*lj,^l Jiiy) JJ^ Jjj^l vl^ ^ I-^'J '^y VJ^I S** -^J/-^- 
.1^1 Ji 4i- ^.jLJl ^yr^l Jl v/ ^> >*j . (1933 , i*i^l 

5L^L. a*p v-SCij LUal J-^ iJl>Jl oj>JI ^•:i!.: ,J)i :Jji 



'j-Jl tsf tfjlu 5^ JUr v^ J-*^-* -^ "^i *lj**^ 



o^ 






S^yU i>JL- i^> Jjf jlkJl ^ J^j j^ Ji ^,}>^ l^^j :iijUJl 

j^ V .800-700 j^ VI *I^,:h^I 2^- ^ ^y'lyiJl JS" v-^J -''^J-^' 

111 



. ^>^UI ^ U/i ^ ^Oi U^ (j.) 400-300 



(JJiJ^ JJLi" J^j jf OiJ^ Olj-^ j^) iyto *aJI,^ ; V-l^ 'Vrjl^ 






jwtJ . UU.X- bit* jL^aJVl diUi l---wj .-->JIj k^>i>Jl _p»j U Is^ 



*i^j oljU'ill oJl* ^y. j-iSJl ^^ ^ ..ju, cJjSi ^ 




SyitiJI jL'Vl. 



^^1 (>. iJUr JU^ bUipl OjsiyJl Oyis-Ul -L^^l 

. (Ujl*. Uj 334 ^ 






. SjlaJl SjUl jf JUj JjUl _ 1 
jjiJl ._.^ U> ^ySS\ JIU ^^1 ULdt ijJL. Jj:^ d\jAj IM .2 



112 



jH-l J-^j i-^-^Jl i2i>ll JL> o4i (U*" lib '-Jl-A^ r^ iH^ t> 



;UJl SjUi . 7 



.*^ \yj^ uiijw^L j5^ jjP iuUij i-iUi ^^jjU'iii i^j «:^1 

■^-^. lyjj^ <^V Sj^JUl i>J5Ul ^y>J> ^sA -^bM ^^J J ^iiiJ ^j 
Jl UJL UXP ^j c>ri/jl^ c^^Jl vid 1^ ^^b IjJjji ^yj > 



\^H |.L^yi j>c-j ^/ii oijuyi 'o\ . cj^ju^ os*-^ •^jjj r^^'j 



It 






*ljl ,y^u i-.L- f.j^lj JIjl;^i .iji U^jUpj ^1 ii ^>Jik:ij ^ijjVl 

L.JUP IjJUJti pJ t JlytJl JU-iJI iiak-. ^^ y> A-^2>»JJ Sjj^JLJl S>aJl 
JlJUjJl vJ>.j Ijiijti .484 Jl 477 ^ ,^^ '^ iJU ^Uj*iII OlX- 



W- > c:.^ ^1 ^ ^'Oi^l »I*j . ^\jii\ >" ^V (^ l^fj 






113 



.L^^wi: SJu:>*3l iyUll \ji>r\jj ^^^^^ ^j^\ ^l'^ h-^j -OUl^ ^>JI 



iakJl _^f t^Uijt JULP l^^iJ i-.LJl Ja;^!>\J .546 JL- S^l JUi (Jf JJ 



U^*i o.«>^- ii ^j:. jWI ^^ cJU *l^ i*i^ 530 ix^ ^y,j 



jJS ^^UajL \jij»\ ^j^ _^Vl ^" UajL* .j\jl> il^ c^A5i-.lj i--xSJl 

Dt JJ 545 iu- |H-i*J (•-*-J-^ jli* ■ ojyi^li ji\lu\ ;^ ^ ^ 




\ 



. ("bi*j^' b^ji y^JuJI ^-^1 ^j^l JJLaJI aJI a>.>o 



01^ . ^\j Ubw of VI t iai ^LiJ ^ jJl i-j>>Jl VJj*" J*^^' ^> 
^jJl JI4P ^1 .^UJI 0^1 JJ L, l^sij J[ 5i^ J? j^y. 



jU* ^ ,2r~V-L. i^L*- 4j ii*— ;i Lu 3j*i. U jOi nlJjsi>Jl ^j^Jj^ 



j^U^ J pjji S^l^ ^jjJcS^iia^ Ji .j>J ^ ;^hJI J>, 



^ ^ 



;^j Ij_^ P-»s2iUi*j (^-^ '•i*- a*j (j«^^^ 





iLiJIj jOiJI Ji IjUJ ii JbJLi ^L ^ J^iJjJl 0^1 >bt ^-ISj 
JS- .Oj^L>^l SiU L^U JLp ^^, ^1 jiji Jl r^Lj\j {.UslVlj 



^f ^ AL. SjLL-VI 1jj> cj> *<-.5::- of iilJJl Jiu lj-l=-f . J^> 



Jjk ?,UJI U_^ JiVl JU> jj^ of Uai«J Jj^ .U^lJJl l^-^j 



1902-1899 ^jj a« y^ v-iy i^y) v_^jjj v_JlSCJl *ij_;9- ._i^j tsJJI j* OtliJl lJu» (1) 



114 



ft i».-^l iubjJl. oVtJ Ja ?Ssik>jJl ^ttJljiJlj Wf^l ^^ ^^^-^i-^i 



ic>f^\ ^l ^Jjh) J-y^^ o^. t> <J>->jl^l .^*:i«i ?>-*^' L^y 






4kL.j 4,^,^1 ^ djijii \ji\S yj\ Oi ^ J^- l^i» *^ ^ cJi 

JU* A->.>j;Ol c-^j tJW^-ji ^j^ -^ uilUJi J>JI Uai«>j .om 



^ (^L JuiJi Oji J>-lj 4 ^1 y-Ai ^.i Uvs Isib of Jb t iw^l 



IJJU y» 'il^^y -J^ ^tUjJ-'^'j ^f'i'J^' ^jj*-; JiX-^l iJa-i^l "-J,/** 



. a\ Ml 4 V» jl*Jij f!)L,yi S^i c.*^ jJl ^jVl 



i\ 



JU> aJjj of JJ *l9»J >-l J\ Ujj 4J cJii::»-l t^JJI ^\ ^ 




0>i Of JJ c^i^l v>JI ^ .OJJI ^\yj>j >UI J^.^ Jl 






Ak-yiJi OljlLJl ,_;L»J| i\ji j^lil. UJ . Jti^lj OjjjJI i^^ tV>^ 








115 



JUJIj d\i5^\ tif tSj,rt^l iUi~Jl oUJaJl Ij-i^ ^" ^U»^ ^b- iy» 



jL^j-^ ^\j ^j— ^ Oij'j*^' ^'-^ r*^ ^^ Ui-^' U*«jMI 



l^fj ;ij>JJ Lb ^^j^^UU W ^jH\ S^f *liL 0:^>JI oijl^b 



^ U-*>- *V> A-k*. t^JJl .^^^\ ii\S .^l>JL ^>JlkJl ^5UI 










jU-i ^ ^j>r t/*f JUi , Qjsill ^>JI ^t _^ I JkS'>. 1^1 iJbb ^^ 






iljjJl p^ akwJl Ji cuUjf L.JJ 01 U Jlij ?j!>UiM.VlJU«-^ lJj>JI 



j_^- c-Jir liU ^ . apL^ jsiSai ^^ ^jkJ\ Ob JUj UJ ^UJ c^JUl 



UJl t Ij^,*^ U^ iJjjJl >-...., I ?^jLJI jI i^I^I 0^1 (> h.,rilL :iJjjJ( 

iiaJLJI oFJb liJlill 0^1 f;^J^ /w« . L._jj »jjl Ifi-Ju 4*pUji»-l AJt>U ^_^ 

.>5Jlj S_^l J[* l^\i l^ji. V i=i. Oil iUJi CLJlSi c iiiUVlj jUSGl 

j^ ui-Li>Jl ^:>UJI (^>APljfj ^LLjf i> ^iUl 0>JI *il^ ^y 



.js^wf Jl c-a-j v-i>JI *ijII>Jl ij-i»Jl ^ ciJSiS-l ^yVb iySUJi ji^^^Vl .JU (1) 






116 



i^Ji L^j o-J iJUJi of j_^ M ^ '*JI>-JI o-i^ v'> ^^^^ 



,^ji^L^ t|j>I^Vl ,A:JI Jb'li Ji ^ iilJJl ^Ij c587 i^ ^li^ 



l>^| *u^ ^ La;> jij \jjj^ CjiJi\ o^'iL^\ jU^j ot*j^[ 



^l Cj^JjX^\ i^j^\ c-.>Jl d\^ Of J»s^W» ^*l^lj A^.^ 






joif cJl^ o*-Jl U^ ^1 s^Vl i^li^j tAjUJl oU-kJl *L>.i _^ 






^ ;/^,\^ . |.!>L-yi j^-bspl ^ ijliJi JIp cJJ» ^/ll (iJL'LJl) 




^^ It •• 



?OUj^l ^ •bJf ^IkJl dJUi Oir ^\ : jLj of 



>\ia:S aoll 01 Jli iJlI :i^ ^yj t JL^I ^-A^r J* ^ iujjl yblk. 



,(496493) ^j-liJI 0>]l >.ljf ^ ^Ikl SaLj c^' i.jS>Jl iUJi JLp O^rjLiJl = 



.jlj^Vl ^jJl ^r c^jjUL ikJjJl ^l> ^^j ^U»ll j^L-1 ^,^. (1) 






117 



bo*^ ^ tiJjjJl ^ VJ>^'J S_^-UiU pUjj^MI ^ c^t tjj^Ul iijU 



jJl iJi>«Jl J^l IJl*j ?^'li J^f JxJ Ji Uj*r-j V t iu*- o!>KiJ 

c.5:s:i:j AkJUl o.li UK tsf ^iliU- ^j> oa>-j UK 

iUJi j!iU«-^i i*vij Ot ^1^1 U ^-iiS^i Ot ,>5U^I ^ . ijP^I 
.^1 .iJUL- SJjt ^ ^. U^ 0^ c iJUjjil i j>dl ^ Iaj jJ 4ijS>Jl 

.>^^ * JUJI /.IkJI v-i ^.r^ -I**^ L** ^^ tr-*^. <J^ "^ ^^"-^ 

iujf i-ijj jy L^ikil oU>« i>- aJ-j -of ^;;s;>. ^ ti.>£aJl :Li^ Up 





* ti 



Jb- 



•« •■ 




{j^ ^ hH\ J^' Uxp 3,;Jt>*JI Jl 't^^l of j^ljil dr* 

^>.j v^i ^ju. js. ^, d\s ii tdL-ui j!5^j iaj%s:-,f Ji. 




««1 



^1 <;ii V-W Vj**J' «^' a** -^"^'-ri •*' 




. iJj::JS^ _;j^ ijU. y^ t ^^liJlj ^1^ 



J j^ .j^ OjJb <ULi sa^j V i^liJj JJUJ ^jLiuJl ^ 









I,.^^f ijUcJl .jj^. U^ .--Jl o-s^J J'j^' J* ^^2=^^' s?* '■^=^' 
:.lil>JI I2j«^ ^^ J lii .lLUj .J^ cAi_>; .i^l J^ <i^. ^\j IIa 



^^ J lib . L^ i jL* jf t5^f ^ Sja>^ «j«lP i^f of ^^" ^ 



118 






^ (^1 ...^1 iVjf ;iJaA OoJ t^^ iVjf ^S^luJl) (^yi 







^OiUl V cJ^:-! o.> J U\iji\ i^-kdl oJLa ijL;^ 



: * 







(_--Jl j^ tiji^' t^^" C^JLaj ^jl>JI C-iL't iU<»ljiJI »-»j_;9Jl of 



l+iojhj ^1 ijij^-JI iJLs-^JI 4S>JI ^>lf>-ii oai*jl A-^ijL- :iJL.d9- 



l_^ ^ o^L^VI *U. ^Lj .Oj^ -dJ ofjb Of JL~ cj-^^ 



^ b^ liL.» :IjJ*Lj:j of iijUJ! j^ /^ 01? . Jl»jJ\ J:>b^Vl 



J:- Ji ii^ Vj t4i.lSC ^>Jl ^U>-i 0^ Ji i^ ^- ^ . K^Ujj 

<^l>- Sj_^^j til^Wl yjUuJI ^ |,^ Ojljj (♦J .iLlS^j -UP t^UJl 



jU*^yi ^ ijUJi iyo ialiJl vwi>)l «JU Jt ^ . ijj;i^f oJpU. 



jjjb- ^\i Jjoj VI t^'lwOl (v^JiA ,^j ^ ijUJI ^^ V t-iiljf 

^- ^ij i-jJL. vsJ» !yiJ» *is-*)l ;>* J*>! t^l AJlwJ^l .ijVl V ai jial (1953) 



119 



OlJL- c^l j>o Ivfw .4^ ^>JI JJ 4J*^_pi w->. JJi .W.LJI 



^JU ja>J ;>^L- <^^ Jk:, ;jl^Vl 4.jl*Jl ts^U *l_,»wt!lj tSl>J 



of Oji jliwVl Jit ^ .^j>\ ol>i v^j ^1 J\ Jj^jil ■.^\ji\ 






. Vjf ^lo^vi ^>j iyb_pji ikiji .ju ji ^^ or JJ 



120 



II 






.(JiuJI ^1 iU-j^j U^l iU^ :us::i^j^ j^j ^^^ u?-*^ ty vyi 



^ U ^640„jbl8 iL^^yMX* JU ^UJI ^^jj^ (^ji*^! of JUj 



:Li!)l>. i^Wt 647-26 i^j .tr^l> ^ 20 Si^ U^^ ^ «^>J| Jj 

c^j*** c^' Oi "^^**^ O^ '*''*' ^M' '^'^^ ti,;:^ iU>- tl.obt tcjija* ^^ OUi^ 

1 mm 






c5i^l u^l !JjL^ jrTj?- r^" . -Ji^^^i-l (y* oWJ s-^i^Jl "iJl-V c> 



^ oljUJi I^Lij c^_^l J>- iJxp . Jaj ^jJl Jb'UJI ^_^ (5M>-) 



i 

S_;sJ' iJU otils:^ Jili. j^l Sjilii- ^;^UJ I ^ iLjj^l UjJ\ 



jlS ^\ dLi ^ ^^jj\ dWjf j^ ^ .i'^\ Ijjilpj yyJl ^l>^li 



(1974) ^j, Jy JiS\ .j:^tlj\ yJLijjJl ^JcCii\ ^ iJJU *k^ ^ Jjlj ^ IJL* (IJ 



12J 



V (.^U JJ (J of Jl*j atAJl Sjillc. L-.yJl JJ liLjj .j^jT Oj- 



OL? JL»-jJl p-^JLA <3i 6jJ^ Ojsi>Jl Oji^Ul ^j^. ?iJiu i^jU. 



Oj:j15;V \y^ ^^ o^ J ^ 1*,^^. Of JJ SJbJlP Djji ^^j ^jlij 







J_^ i*jU«» j^ljf ^^f ^jj-tJl JLp jilj UjLjp- OLi* ^ OUip OjSo of 
^^ ^«s:iJI JJ iJL^^^^I ^iJU^ *jJli yf i^f tsf tl^L-"l v^, ^1 aJ«JI 



jy i,UJ jaH\ u.su-1 U . t^^l iiiiJi *LJf ^1 aS'j^ c^jj- 
LJL>f ^ ^Ui>jVl cJir .^^Usi-i Sj> Oj-JLii j>. of 665.45 iu- 



ii- ojJLp ^yUiJl *l;if o.jjhJb- oi (:;Ja^jsJI ,^i^ ;*^1>JI SikuJi) 



^^1 JU^ j_^Vl oJL* lJ.' J jJ ^Lj .ioJLiJl oLpI^I t_..---j ^Ul 



^ itjU- U^l .U . V,l*J U_;^ l>Lf ^.Dl ■■^|> ^ ,:,,.jlJ 



A^*-lj<. j_^ j^ ejJlij j!>U| 2^Ijaj Jif iij«-t O^JLm^I OjJL*L>mJI 





fV 

Js^ ^\^ tlJU .^JiP A^lj Js. 662-42 i:-, Jji-,1 ^^JUI 




iL- L2j^I <-ij;:>^ j*di . IjS>^ i-.jjJU ila>. 4jJl! cJLS" ^.jlaLjmJI ^fj 



^^ i--^ jJ, Wb ;i^ ^!iU)!l ij^^i >y J^j .670-50 



VU-i A>o ^ vlUi JU. .652-53 i-- ^jVl JLp dJUi j»J .Olj^jUl 

122 



Jj ^ Oj^ '*^ ^ Ji^i--" '■'*->'' V>-! ^^^^^^ J^^ ^^^^»^' t^f 



,UpJ l^ JL:-.! jJ i-U- ^1 t^iJI jbiJ ^l^JI j^l "ui^J V^ 






iJi (155-108^ cl947-1942) ^1^ j^jj JL- ?^Vl (-f Ja-jiJl 
i^l ^^ djiii (43-17^ il954) JJ ^ lij^ 0^. (J U»>^ 
Uf. .^Ui iikJl Jip Jj::-! <:/ J^ ^^Li JJ* -^Ji "^ 0^ '^> 



4. Ci.l^f il^ .U^ J ij I «^ tk^ v^^jli cvL*IU Uii^l ^ 



41-. jL^ix-b f.>ii 5^ ^y s.>H^ '-ij*^. tH ly ^^ tr^ 

, ^jj\ ij^ ^ bap j^, 01^ V^ o^ ^^ ^y^^)\ iSJji ' 683-64 
?4i.jjJl aUJI ojL^I of Jbu <H-*^V 0>*~ j5ijl»--! yVl JM Nf 




ji> ^T Ja-^l ^> ^d\ Jii . l^'a^^l ^>JI Al*iJl JLi^l J^. 
^ AlJLP iia fjiff of jUiil ^ o-^l> Ji Oj^aU^JI jUJl 



,yuu j^tJ tojjLJl JL-*J~- of i^jJJi ^ i>:jsAJ JjL^ .^_>JI 
i_^. ^-iUij ijssUJi iijij\ »U-.Vi Wi Ujf ^^1 \^ Ui>Ji ii2J» lil tiL«r jt ilJ (1) 



.j^jillf tjiJ illf 



123 



J^i ^ iL^ JJ .1^ 686-67 '*x^ ^j^^ij^^ \j.,^ ^^ . ^UcJl 



j^j >^li t ^;;j»L^I Ij^U-j JiJ^ j^ !_,**>J ^^1 j^ . Oljj-Sil 



OU^I ^ 6L^ .JU. f Ij . J.y ,1^ y^ JUjyij i^l ojiU^ J[ 



CD^liiji JUii pj* 691-72 iu- jlj^l ^>-l . jMiif ^'U cJa^f iJjU^ 

.r^lj ^-> fJ^I OL^ ^jU .695 J 692 ^^ tJa^L <i_y^; V ^.jU 



. *i'^J^\ j\i ^ iJuJl vL of jUaSJl 







L^ j>j ^iLi^ ^ . 695-76 k^ ^j>^ iUi ip^^ Up ^I UL->. OJi 
ojliJl jL^L .79 iu- l^^ ijhl^ ^^JL^- ^ ioV ii^ 0«^>JI 

•Ji-^ Cf. L^y "J^ J^ ■^.•^ t^J ^ i>J--Jl 

> Ji;-- ^j Jjf OlS-j 704-85 i-- ^y^\ Jj^ (jj ^_^ ^^ 
^ l^j 2^ J>.i .^Vl ^>JI JU-iLi j,^! iJU* j>.j t^U 



0*iili ^^JA <-L- LU-^'l .i^Ul ^^ 01 ^ . l -li - ,,,.. . Oljj-j Jo I -LjP <iJjj 



r^-> ;>^ t> 'J^J tf^L-Vl ,^.i ^^1 cL,jj j;::pU i JIjxpNIj 



->-Ui IjJUi ^> ^f ^ «jijVl JL oijjjiJi J*ii U. : ili^ ^ ^^Ul J_^. (1) 



W OjX Liyt OLSL- 1:a 




. J*-,JI v-.>w ^ ^ Up .Jhio. .iJUJl _;|^I ^> _^ oyJl ^ Ja-.jSlI w.^1 (2 



124 



^^ bl Js^j J* . t" l^ ^jjf j^iJl ^^ ^ J ^*Uj ^:»Vjf l/jJ 
^y CH tJjLk flV Ujl3 jJl SJU>JJ SJUJI JUi 709-91 iL«, tjb ^y, 

. ^a;Vl ^jt ^ c^l ^Ij ;^^^l 



> Vr- Sj^f^ S>l>^l Cfrl^l «ii • C^^l u' J^ J^ ^. Jl>. 



. ^^.U uJJiAj ^U jk^ -J ^_y ^y l^i llfc i3_^j . i»-aJl ijj\JiA oLIjj 



iSk* Jp ' (I) jJLSo Ujllp 1**^1 jA *J»j t^l^SiJl J.^ j-» t5JlJwJl ^^ C)[ 



.JL* oV tf2)/9ui^ _,f ;^ ,:i^^ Jj, : ^Ul JI>JI ^ v'j^' >* 'L* 



jUVl jr J-^^-o ^ *l^l ^^, . ^bJl J^ ii^ -Jl ^ ilaUl 



CJj^ ^ j>- t-Jl ,yL4ia: Lli:i cl.lJi>.Vl ,. ,h;-l Cji Ji^ .if .,u.:,„,.ll 



Us^ i)^ l^V t OVI l^JLwu-J ^1 ^ ^Jiifl :uy> oli»>**- jjJl J\ 










>-u-L* ^ JLu iJUj^l i!j>I^Mi fit li^U iljJUi !JLa OlS" (1) 



(80^ a tU5:i«,Vi) .j^l ^IJU-I oji^ iu-j Jl^i IJu <^ t5^Ui ^>. (2) 



125' 



JIU ^j^y li* ^a^ u^ ^^-^ oUU^l .JLft js*i; cJlS" liU. .^^1 



_ iiiAii v^^ **L*^ j^ ^ of jA u>i j^ vy^i • J-^^ 4>^ 



jJS^l jT t^^jJij ^^"^Ij Oj^tUl 4|f t^iJUl j;rji>llj Ojj-,fl::uJ 






UJiV" u->iJ JUL, U^ .JL* . (^>(89 ^ . . (•) . t^^Ul ^y. Ja 



UJij tJaii ^^1 ojli- vr-j L^.>l cr* >^. i^ .^JiiVlj 



tkj>. t*^^ JS- JJ tl^j «!>liJI CjL.jt L^i. to^ tS>-t ^jIjs- 



La J^ .^.'yi >• J^\^\ UJjiv. «^Jsi>^l '^J^>'> ^^- ^ '*iJ^ L»*J 



^ ^jaJI i^^l o>- ,^1 Sai>Jl !y.ltJl ^ ..iiSai >» jjj ^f Jy ^ >Jl .lOL L. (1) 



JUjJl f.Uf Ua** j^f ^1«»- Jj-^ Sjjj 4 (>Ulji) jl_^ JOu i^f OjjS a:>U Juu Vl OUj^Jl 




126 



uj^j sji^b viii^ iu- p^ cr-^. oir c^m y^i^^i ^ -^V «:>j^^. 

.(297^ .1937) «iJJL. oL> i-t Lfij^ ^>- V c/^l *l=^Vl t^t ^W-J 



Ji (1961) wjU (.Uj Jt. o>Jl iUi Ji^i (J . W^ ^ urJl J-'^ 




ai^l ^^1 0*i «^-^' J^'^ ^> '^^ ^'-' ^^' ^^^ ^ 

_,jj|j \jj^ ^M yi-JI 0*^jlj-Jl Jsi ^>. cr^' -^ '^J^ 
. ,>>3lj JlJU^I (.i^-JI 0- 5^VI Oj^l ^ 2..^! S^^-^l^ Oe/tiJI 






JLS" 



jdl Jlp ,»^ (^ ^1 .^ j^ ,^V v^i »^.L- Jl o^W 

.•y> jJi .^1 ^ joJl -i<jj fUiJl ji 5:»^lj >>JI iJL^I 

y^l ^ Liia SJL*JI _^L*JI CJl^ . is^tiX* u^l>f l*^i^' -^^^^l 



127 









y^jUJi oUjy jlp sjUj t^^i aui it>«-*j ^i >c *_-- o^ 



OljjJLJI ^ Jill i-OAlJU J^ Sj5U '■tj-ji»c]l IJlaj .iJUUJi ^ 



iJjjJ i*.l; iiNj iJ^UJl i^^l ^ ^>JI ^c^r 711-93 2x^ JU. 

^ cJKJtJ . JUIj Jjj\j i>^L jJL*i ^ M t>4 *^-»^ -IJ^ ' *»^5^' 



^^»p i^^f ^1 oUJidi ji> jj> ojbi c^yi iw^ip toij^i 



.Uj ^^I i^L-. cJl^ I JU . Li iji^l 0_^. V ^,.I„...J| OV t ^IxSai 




\y\S jj JJI Ja-.^l L-<>. (lllSL- Sa-4P JL* piUJi ^ Ijii^ Jj jcLill *l^t 



V . ii^i ^ji ^:5L-yi jua^i iJj^j iijJi ^ i.juui lJic u j*^, u 



LJlj_a^l Oj-S:; of J-~ ^ oLL_JI ^T ^y ^jJl p^\ of ^iL-i 






« Aji.MtfW (3^U^ J-M<9 ojUvJI ^UmJI {^jau 'Liyol 

j»^.^ 4 L>Ja^ Li:>L-l ij^\ s^l dlL- ^y ^bjUcJl {.^i 01^ lil 

V ^y ^^\ il Ly^ 1^^ iljJl ii. Oljjfail cJl^ U^ . 4;>Ja«. jiJt 01^ 



bUJij :iiJUL Oj^*t:J Ji^J^b VJj^' ^-l**^ -^s^i ^. ^^^ -^^ri 



128 



of j^;^ '^ oLJajcJl cJL* *i.j . oykti hjiil) ^.U-. ^IjjJ iL-i^l iJ 



Jjb- oUjJI ifj L«- V to>Jl ^ !>Ui yuJi ^j*Jl 6LJDI of ^>J 



^^•!)UI OUUI Jc>.\ oLT :Oj-.>Jl Jji . ij^j SJU ^ cu.>f SjbVl 



?4J^JLi^, ;^iJl JlkJl JL<> l/:i« ^,^*j\yt, U---JI ^f ?S*j-Jl oJL^ 



^. "ij ii'i^\ iJji XiL-j DISUI ^\js.\ ^L-Vli ^1 




^1 J-i ^.^- Jif JLo i- jo*U ;5>iJlj ti^l ^.^1 iS^ 

j^jjJl j^ ^j^jP. L.XP jcill U*p %^^ j^ ^ ,^j- ^f ?{Jy5-iJl 



?L. J5LS ^ ^"IJJI j!Aa:«,VL j.^ 



129 



m 



j^\j ^\Jiji\ j>JI .i^l J:-L IfijUJj ^^1 ^\ ^'Uj ^\y L*a;p 



o^iscjL. j> ^ osrfyJi, 0*-^'-^' 0^"^ u>. ^.>Ji ivi>==-'^" c^i 




JXiJb l^jlii ^ jt c SJ-i* i-jLL. v^l Oi^U)l ^jJl f-jli : 0^j3i 



a' tMaJl t^^l «:aJl oL^A^ J* JbXiJi uio^. Vf ?^U»>)I 



Oy.j>Jl oL-L 1,J^\j saJi ^y Jjgi JjUJi ^ ^r-^>il J>JI '^^k 







Ji sji^^i ^j ij^i Ji vj^i :^ Jtoyi 01 ?,,^aj^i cij 



.^L-VI 



jij ,j^ --.Ul .DyUl U> Uj^ ^Ul O^ll v>- *!^'-r^ 









130 






LL IjJu ^j.>U:J Ji Osl>t-^J ,y,^ j:;,^ i-Jai ^^^J A*i J : Cj^^ 



L.XP Ojpjii^ •t^jiiJi <:)jpjii*i osrt>^' t>^j>Ji "^i • ^i«^f ■^*. j1^. 









J^ 







iut *jt Ujup dSJUiJl LLyi ^.jL"j OUj*- ^bi" ^ JjVl *j»JLl 



i«-Vlj icLk^l ils-Vl dUi iL.1? iJU" V »t^jliJl Ji>o a952 iL-, 







.JU . . /.^jUVI jL^V Ijl^" JjVl «:)>JI JL- jUj^l i^jil ^is-jf 






\y:S\ LJb Ja-jJl uj>. Ij*,s^ J V^l of ^j^y, Ltj ^Wlj ajUI 






131 



OjJUaA. y\S lii U ?v ilyJl A^rj y Ly -^i- 0,^:>-*i. liUii i,JL.«Jl 













j-^LJi »Ji* . iJ!5Ui«.i sjLuu ijjjj ij*Ji ^ j_pu)i ipj- L^j , ;a ;7.>.. » 



U. jJ^ ijUJI ,*<JL**^I .JlJU^I jJU»J Uajf c-jJ S^Vl *S^\ 






^ ySj ^ L.L,f Ijji ^ J«LJ| IJLA if viJLi M ?^'^j v»*^l 

^jbii w-^. U.f u* ^ . jj ^ ei^. pj jii^ ji* ._^ ^v ^^1 






<^UJ l^ ,j^. (J ^ A«iJ tjJuLI Ji..; of 2jiai-j' iJl^jJlJl iS>Jl ^^' 







il^U- ^> ^j^" of c_^, v^Vj * J* -JJ^" -^ ^ t*lj^-^l v>*^ 



;i^^l ^ ;^:>U J ^^1 ^1 . iJUi ^f aJ cJl? ;^iJ( cJ^I ^y tif 



132 



?I»..^JL6' «JbJL>. S^jJl 

. V»lj ^ISU-f *|^y Jj^j^ jji *^ ^jii LJ^ ^ ^_^| Sjj_^ j^;i^ 



133 




■i 




c 




134 




"b. 



^I^JI J-»iJI 



^yj^\ JiJCU^ v^J^^t 



137 



Ijiiil Us^adilj 0>«JLJil uis^jj).! ^ SijIjJl jL»-Vl jj- ^yaJLWl-J 

l^JUl i.LaJl (t^itsUi ^yliJl t)>Jl) -» 148 J 81 Oii iUUJi 



^^1 J cA^\y Ur j^JUl J>JI ^bif ^^1 olj^ o^b- 





jl5i VJj»*" ^^J 




■I 



i^ 



JJ ^j^l JLp jUVl UJo^- 



t^t t isi«j OL-Jj ^ soifcJI i»-Ulj t/j-iJI *j>»JI : ^^ 










ilLL* JUL oa^ji .ol>l j-LUl ^^1 J 



if 



iojjJi jjLsaJI (Jl5o- V YiyliJl (JLj b\ ^•' uT ^iS::;*^ Aj-L- oliLi 

. tij>\ ^Ui»l ^ji«i (J l5Jl)I 



139 



(t^j>Ji iaia»w tv«.LJl v«^l>JL I Vjs^l ur'^l >^ J^ '^ ^^ 



0^' <iT ^IjJl ^^ jO*; V SJLk— LuL-iy ijjJl ci^ljJLtJl ^y l,^>x«.li 



IoJaJU OIJw.Q^>«J 



Js> (»-i^ i^JUl ^J^J^\ v^«-i i^li> Sjj^JUl Sjilil d^lJb^t 61 



I 



g^^^l ^^ ^f L. ^ c (1946) ((ia--^l JL^I ^ jyJlj t^!5L.y I 

■ :>^l '^ J[ 

J *->,^j^\ iy-Vl ii^UJJ iwiLpt iVj iJLjtJl Uyl cUl? 




,j-^j ^ ^>* o^l JJUJI oUI^ L<J J^lJi- 4jjUJl i>^lj 



^Ij^Vlj J^l o'ifU. ^jJ^\ Ji 0>^JL! J^l ^y OyiUJl 



Xp ijlaJjJI ^..M^OI oIpIj:j fjsSS" jtJ^J (J . t^>JI ^.jliJI j*lii« ,j^ 

JIp V'l^jjJl w:SJl c^yi Uij»- ^iJWl 0>)l il^jfJS Jc^ Ji 



iSOiSai 



iJL* . SJLLJI jjk^^ j^, illlif ci^iU J^ of ^ (3f s^>i V ^ 



.j5»i; OjOi i^U^ ;il^ V L. Jl ,y;z- Ujjj tcJij V s^ vi-lJi^r 



140 



I 




,^ J .'<iJ>j» <iJSj J. Jar. J of IfA^ «kLJ *J ojdU 'ipj^ U^UJI 
6y^ oUJi i;i>Jl cJl^^O^* J^ ji^ J\ tJ^r ^J'*^ V-j-i '"^-^ 



t « 







4i:A>Jl iiji a^" of Lj. 01^ ,*iUJl cJOlj oU-jXdJl o>; L.XP 



A>u villi JJ oLj_,*^l Cjj^ ^\^\ ^ . i^l^ t5>-f ^^ '*^'^ <*jf 






c»lj_^l c. ./libjj jliCiVl owijlxr . »-UiVl t>si*>Jl o* js^ -^^ ^Jl>^j 



V-JI jA IJIA Ol^ .SjJcJI ^j>il i/ v!5L-)ll iJjJJl ^- Jj;^ 



XJU Ul : oii-'l-- osi J^"^\ Mj>Jl ^^^> . I^>j 15JJ Ijij-^" c 




vl*lJi>-i ^^IxJLj tt5>.Vl i^l*Jl olij>l^)fl jl> JLp IJ^ iJji 



141 



^ JJIP 015- LJU .(H> c>**"L^ .*l**iJl^ i^JUJl J I^LJ * Ji U ^ 

JU JU l_^l ^S^\ a*. *V>A OV ?ISU .^\y^\ S-U4P JLS.J jv^ 

Jp (HHt«>«ii 1^15^ Jla^r-j fU^ jAf 5vjl>JI of la^f l.>«^. jJ *V> 
j^\ SU. OoJl 0151- JU Oj-JlJ. clJU J^ jyj ,^\J>\ OUiVlj 

oij^ij jJL.. ^^ ^Vi .Ujl > ^> u 10* . {.jijj iij. jiU 01 ^' 

J^l J* ^Ul jUj-Jj j-b-Vl ^ SiUj ^ jUiil J> 0*. b>ii ot 



^ju; LfiSa t uiwcJij jj»Jb oUljp-"^! «JU t^*Jl»«Jl ,>--jIaJI ^y j^^ 



Sj^ ^Li ^ Oil c~-J liU . hj XJ%.\ iljj OlTjf a--iJ Sjj> IJ 



JLr <J^ 1-^ l«JlJiji lA^l "1)1^ J» • i^Lpa^j^ i^-^- ^l»•9— V^l^ «-*»>• V^- '^>' "^^ C^^ 



M .0_^Ul J^ Jill ^ L. li* ?M f.f t^y*. 5y!>Jl< «ijli*J li^. ^i^J '.'yiy^.j'. j>A 

.1957 tSyiUJI . v^yi iJjJJI .^ £jl>Jl -j-siL;)! ji-All *LvJ >! (2) 



142 



jj'^^ t^l 'r^^'i •V'':>*-' ^^*^ c^ti iUflJl A^ ai Olf tJJ 



f^^liJl ^^1 «^j>>«J 4aiJ ^^J^ HJ^' 





ji> 






(^ 



U.^1 



«>i-r** f 



Lf iOxUl 









,Lj^ l^f JajjJl (.ikJL .lasiVI 2^-^. Of JJ ^ j>Jl >Xi Ij^ 
^> t> ' c^l^ a-j^ '^^i J* ^ J cy. -^Ji f -ASi of JJ i^f 



^W ijsf jt*^ of v^ y>Jl 015L- Sj_^* ^L-f ^ d^ L.JL* 



Ala_J^ DJLA .^TjipJl O'yii. Jba^; ^i 



crJ' 



L-Vl 



ij 




j>- SjIaJI .0* ^ oi"!^- . oi.*av ^UjL oiyu- dSsj JyJl d^lJb-L 



• ^ff-jl*- ^t^jf' iSj^b hj^yr V*-!'* oL-M»- ujytJI j«ijlj 



143 



n 



.»X> ijL*' tjr^ oi Lf^y "^ t<-»>Ji j^ vf ^5^ '1^^ cji^ 



t JUJI U-- V . |.!>L-VI ^Lj y:Jj ^1 .U*p ,»^ O^jVl J^lj 

^^ jJMi iiJL;Ji *^ ^^iJi ^U-J! ^t ^ 4i>i j,^ ^ j^Lwi 



Ulb Lij.*ii^ oU-jiUl jL>.f <:)j>-jjJl J_^-o . 718-100 iu- _)i^l jlp 

t 

JLi 01^ t^JUl t (JL-. ^_^f ^ JUji L-j_^l JLp Uj ,^ 720-102 iu- 



*j-ia . j_^l tJu-ji ^^ rk^l ^ ^^^■•*«j" <ily*JI (> ^kP* '-^ J"** 








. ojUJI i.jVl JLp IjJi> iaSi 01^ UjIj Sjjtil ajU ^iL>Jl 
^_^j 734-116 iL- . ^Vl ^>JI-' JUJi J ij2-2>Jl Sj_yJl c--Ij 



^ .j.^ J l^--uJ i*^l jJLSj- (jf a*j t_.U^I ^^ Jill JL^ ^>JI 





d^j ^^ oir ^!>i-^i of /i; :)! Jb *y ii* . t^iijJi 4i»ijup ^ 

- \ 

.^ ^>\j ^^ illiJl ^^ UK ^- (1) 



144 



^ d\^ .^Vl ^jkJ\ JU-ij (iJUJi ^j!) Li-yl U» ^^^-JOpU 

.olJJL /„:dkLjl ^-U o-L- SN^I ^j 



Js. OlS^j .740-123 iL-. ,^j 4j Ijjlii U^ V t^iljJl cj^^ ^^1 




Olsjf ^^ c^l , Jl jjlj ^Ij jU.>JI ^ t5>t vrj^ ^i^Uy t* 



?4A^ ly>i l>^ ^\ «JU* Jj*.^ j^jJl JlilVl IJL* Ja . (^j^Vl ,»iUJl 




4;>bi> iiltJUj jlji]| J»>:JI La :i^;>Mj ^^ .t-^^^itJi ^_^ ejj^l Oj.sd:J 




^'Li Oi^j>JI .jii t>^J 0- Ijlj^r ULr iUiJl .1^ . (^jjJb IjjL* 



* . ^ ^ 



iiaJL- j;^ LjJL^ (,y^ j" i— 'jJcJI JU-i r-j?!- ^^««j i-ALi fJM\j -Uj 



^y ^>JI *_>jJl (^ bui ^ JUJ (J 740 J*j JJlI .-j^y J^ 






iL- ^ . L«J 1^ ji>J uf jL^- 61 JJ l^^\ Aijj]\ c^Uai-l . Liyl 



145 



J r*->*J 2:jI>-J1 ^^y^ if. iUi^ '^ji. i^y^ oVr ,»^l* 741-124 



Jit SjL« jt t Jji«.l Ji tj>Jl 01 JjiJ! (jSUj ^dl IJiA jup 



. J*-^l y>- obUi ^U-l ^ ^^1 ^^ ^y 

t LLyL? crJ-^^l t> "^1 J^**" ^*'^" "J^" C^ 741-124 iL- JU. 



^Ikii Ji dj>^ \ji\S ^yJ\ ^ipf ,_^ Of Ji A>^\j ijLi[ 



»r 




y>Jl j-i JailjjJl of JU> Jju ^f IJlfcj 4,»4w5jV ilau^ OljUl 



sji^ c JjJUJl jLL'yi ^j\>. Ui^l ^L J2i»i of Jjl^ ^ Jjf 

JJUIL; o*L «Jjl>^ of Vi 4 755-137 ^i 745-127 y. l^-JC^-j 



M L** rj">^> ^^" js^i J^^i 'S^^ t5if *>; vVJi s^jlp Ji 



>1 .771-156 Ji 768-151 ^ :iUJl ^y t^JUl ^y^ ^^^ ^ 

Jli-tJ| t_--j Vl iJ!)l^l ^yi ^iIa, jji .j^^U-j (»^>**- ^jl>Jl ,^**- 

V Of IjS-jif ^f Mi 1 787-171 ^i 771-156 ^ ^Vl ^j t^JJI ^"l^ 



LT^J r^J Cf) t" u^-^J d-^ '-^"^ -^ '>' y^ '/'j ' (790-174) 



^* .^jl>Jl J^ ujI^I iiaku jP g^liJJI Jyj 759-142 iu^ ^>J| J^j 



146 



J* iijUJl **;f 800-184 iL- Jj .(150-148) j^-tl- SJ^ \Juj\ J, 



V>Jl Ji^i I JiUj . «jVjf -c* aJjjj jM\ v^ v_JLpVI J. ^I^i 

• 5>>i>Ji 5jy J-Ai ^jSJ tiiJi jLk ^j iUiJi iiiij^ ^cjj^ jj^\ 



147 



Ill 



a^J Jj^l -O^U jJ^Ui; y>Jl J ^j|>J| ^jy. c-.^-! 











V>« ^y o_^ j:]\ ijgidi iiij^cJl ^Uii Ji^ c-a*;i ^1^ 

l^'V La> :^ 0j5i Of jJUJ V l^f ^1 i-jUJl o;^ ^^ . U^ii::**!* 
^•lill J^l l^\j\ ^ .1^ ^^_^ UoisJ *^ ^ ^Ji•| VIj caI 



Jl i).,:-^. I^IJ i^j^Vl ^1 (.Lf Lu^ 5^jl>Jl ^f ol ji^«Jl 



148 



Al5i '^j SjlJJl U> v^' cJlf jtL* Ji t^f *^b i-Wb Sji>J' 
dli. 01 .jJuJi ^Ju -L-Uf ^ ^jUJl ^^\ 01 JJUJI *-:> t^tj 



^L3>j ^ tk^ cj>. «J^ o>«^j v> (^ tr^ "-^ • s*!^' Cr^' 



j>.L. j-*«; Jl> i^^J ^-r*^' i/k^ LT^^ J "^-^ 2L->'>^' '-'->'* "^^ 






of j;^^^ . o«^i5Jl aa-. ^^J^ ^ Jl i*sri hj^ hJ^ U-^f 

. OlS" U^ (v^:;- t^f ^ (>J>«^ 






Lfu ; UiJI Ml ijUljJl l^Iljjk; ^y> ^^ V otsLui l,^-«-I LJIj 



- t^ ^J^J ^ 744-127 iu- ^Vl v>JI J:-L- ^ ii-ly^^l 
. 761-144 'K^ o jkL" ^ jjs-vi-' Jl ''ijij 1 757-140 i:- i-.LJ>>-. 




j^^l v-.>Jl jU . \j^ o>" JJi i.LJl lJj>]| of VI c ^ 6^^l 



149 



^1 f>j^ ^-li ^ .Ja^^l ^J^ ^j ,J^, Jl Jj ^ jj^- 

jii\ ov ,/JI va>JI J^ UJi oa>.j iol>^.i y»lk. eJL* 



dj*Ja^, JU_^I 010 tC^*^ _^ io>Jl olJlJl oL'V l^ji VUi 



i*iyi OlS^ « ^,^1 dlSUi Ij^ji .\j>^\ y>^ Ja^^l ^1. i^j 



2-^ oU:5LJi ^ js. \^si\ ^ ijj, ^^_.b ^ ^,^,ii OjJ.; vJ 




^JtilaL-yi J.1^ J^ o.a2^- iwi ^jtsUJi ^LJi 0^1 y.|jt ^ 



VV ii^ (.5*-Vl j:x«i ^>J| J^ ^JLJI ,_Ji y, iJb, u.j_, 



150 




0^ jj*j ^ jAj v>ji ijt^ cj* Jj^' r*^' L?<^- '-^^ 



•U^JI Sj>^ > i^f 'W~>^ ljsr~" M-"li u^ -^J^. ^Jl^' 



U>; lil 0^ . (8 ^ * 1962) ^j^\S ^, U5 y>Jl ^J J* *:>UaJI 

^1 Ji Ojt>JJ^ ^Ui^l ^1 ^ 0.^-Ui . ^-l>.^ > c S^L. 



J_^l ^Ui i Lui i !jLf:uJl oljUyi *b Silpj : U-L- i ^ji^ ^ 




of t^t tijfiJO jJUi oli!>U; i]aj\jJ> Uj-^bp iOw cu.-»>^t -U- ^i cJUo 



yPUir'^l t^L^Vl (j^fii-- t^iUiyVl :>VI ^i^-s:-. ^Ur J-T 



Ot d^L t^t (j^al-. c IJU ... ^1 ^LJI ; ^.JJI ^LJI L ^^LJI 



^ I*;:. j^>i^^ , ^^1 ._-Jl U_;j:« . SO^lj S^lt >> oUi*l ^ji 



. .1* *ljj ^ . U:JL. ^^^^ jJUJ .t5>Vl y»l>Jl i^^l J-l>^l Ji> 

• ?^ljJJIj yL-Vl jJL- V VJJ'- J-*p vr- -ii^ tr^f *-r*^' oU-J 



*0 



. Jyi^jj 4J iji- 4 iyJl ijjbU^Jl A*^- liL* >b Ulij Ol^ 



iJliJi cu»::?U JjS\ cJli. :ii> J^ If^r^lj U^Vl i:-^^! cJl* 



151 



U^V iL- J[ cJ^ OUjJIj DKJI ^y^ A>oU i*^j . .jlj^^yi 



«« • 




jsr-^ oU:;>Jl ^Ijjf ^j^^ Jj *j>JJl j>i>-Ul ^^ J^ U^ t ^•i^uJL 



iJLiJ V:i^ i (^^OIS;. _ JjLi cJ^ jJLv) vy. i^»s^ :^>JI j^>- 




i(O.r) v-=>- i^ 5(285 Ji 274^ ,1914 ,J.» 



(Sy^^ ijl 1^*-*^ '^^JJ ^**^ ti*>-UI <*»^i ^s>«jjLj ijwijJ 5JL^ 4>-jl ^ 







J^ t^i^jj Ali-t Dj>->i usrf>Jl off-jl'^l Ot iUj JjV jJ-i 



^jbj ?ojU^I Jl ojloJl ^ 1^1 uA^ ;^^aiJl ^^jUlj ^^jUl J^ 
Jif oVjLJ ^^ iiijJ\ ^^\ oJiA of JLu ?I^^JL.[ liUJ :iaj*^^i o^l 







jji ^J^\ Xj» yK^,;5:...7 j_^l iUUl i>.^^l l4J»-u»j>- 4^;**^*J O 

l^^j LoJUp jt^ (jJLij AjJbi i^_/ IjSy p^jf djji V ttlaiJlj 0^^::^ 

L^l ^\ji\ ^^1 ujiUj 5^ ^j=>rjy. tjf-^ -^'-J^ - ^y (^ W*^^ lt' 



.(116 ^ 1958) 1^1 I.UJ! ^^P *^ w^.> Lri>*Jl *^^V* »^1 Jy^ *^f jjlaL^fl (1) 

.458^ tl966 i^jjyj 4 44^ 1951 tdjU^ (2) 

^^' ^ r*Wj <yl^l (HJjUi^ ^>- iijUJi ci>.j^l (H^Ut J^ tS^UJl j^^a (3) 



. « Jll; ^1 oJL* jy AijUtJl JUjl of ^yJaMl\ i-^^flJl CJlS3 . Ujj SjUi*- ^ w-^LJl 



.(214^ a951 tljSj^) 



152 



S^l .JIA Ijwj .(274 J 236^ tjj|» Ja-jiJI ^j^j^\ ^j^ ^'U 

.LiJj. Ojii Ot J-^ cL-^ :>^Jli tU iiJ ^>-^ ^>p 4 




J . i.^^ J^j .JL* . (301 ^ 1 1960) f^jA\ SjU>JJ ^Ul jO ^ 



!^.^bcJl ijUuJl ^ ^>>- JyJl j>x! *5>^ Oj^ l^> 
^^1 dU; ^ ^ ,;..^^ JU-^" V ^IJU ^^1 /:2 i.>; of a-. 



iJUJi of J* c4i^r -Jj ;JL>-^l JlSCiVl .i|L<Jl ^ lj*.;>J *^i J^l 



ajJi\) iJli^l oU,,ti-,7ll 6t j^till IJU ^ 2=^j .fj:>Ul ^ J^ cJli» 



of Jij i2J.AJl g-lj9_/ lS\jA ^ ^jk^\ jjwu of ^» j-r*^ J^ 



.Ju .(274 J 196 ^.O.f) «irt>Jl :^ ^jf Sjj^L l^f ^ ^^f 
iJJ^I AiliiJL JUcJI JU^ i^j^\ rljU^ M I>Jl. OlT j-«:i-«.L4 Of 



V^)i : ogj:r v=^. . ^^^t/'^j^' -i*^^! V^J ' ^<-^- "^^ tr" V^^l 



Ji-i;j of OUj*. j^ ^ . (232 ^) . KL-.>JI ,> Ljj JU^L Ll*»Pi 



I^^IS" Jjk c,^a:5LJl jj-liJi 0>1I ijlV. ,;;5:J tJ^U j^^ JU^L 4^^** J>- 



y. Ul iviyiu ;iJji aUi ^^ oJLfdl 01 . L.JJ iJL,^l o" ii^^jJl U*" J-^ Of jSU. V (1) 



. 5jj**j i*jii ijji jiuj ^;<&ij JU ius- 



153 



?u«J!>^l j-iJI 4>JL~i L.JJ i-W- J^ Ij-^ ,/>■ ^1 0* 'oy^^ 



V :U JJ c^^^,^ jf ^Ujj J^- il.l c^j Ui^ :i.^j iJU -^ 






UiJi l^ Js^ A^j vJ^I AilSiJl J*it JJ-.JU-.U of ^>J '.(Jj-^ 








CJLS" l^t ^ ^J ^J[ ^j^j^ k>J (*■<•><■*'■=' :*j*;*=^l ^»^i -» >. l .^« 1^ 



cJ^L-l t^!5UVLi Ij^s^li ^yJl ,».^*=rU .j;5>Jl ^i Ji JjVl ^j-ip 






.4*-iJ jJLkilj jjkll ^ t«la-^l (^-.Lj jjiUr 4«--'>^l j* 




^ 



*_}*JI IjJLiPj <-JL»-Vl J5U1-.I Jblji. i_iJuj j1j*i-.L Ij-^j ^Ujl^Jl of y> 







!j-JJ i-i^-j "ilUpf Uij- (1847-1840) ^'I^Jl ^^ v-J>il iJU>Jl jI» ^^JJl ^ j>^. JI>=«Jl (1) 



. Ijdyjj i5>aI1 Ulk^ ^ lili il>; ^sj^\J OU^I JJ lijjjf ^ t|iJl ,>»JI (2) 



154 



. \^ iLj^ !JJ jjSULJI iSjJt^\ ^J^\ j^ ^-^'^. ^3:> ^^^y 
^_^l i*LiP-Vl VfJl ^l^ Lljy ^b jlkJl JU; iS>Jl ijliJi ^L^l Uj 



-^f i^t _ i.^*jjdl iis* CuLvallj o-u»J Si JUJI j_^l JP c^ 






; ip^ CP >^; of jt ^1 > ij^ Ji ^>JI Lyj J>J or ijl^l 



^ * 



cij- ;5>-r v^f J^' Jl ^^^ Vi li'lafl-Vl y>^ jj» iJu : A.a;^ 

OLL;j ^^ Jfi ijUJi Jlyr ^ ^j>Jl ^. v^jVl »JL* JLp 

l^ Ijfj ^1 a:^:u |.iL-^ c-^l p^>- a^j» :^^l J^ ^\^\ 

sa>-_^l OJUJ blJii.1 Vi pj»jIiJ ^y v^yi •>*"'^l tO^J (Jj . j^j^lj 

. ( 5 ^_^ i«JLLjl 



i^l; ilt«.r r;Jaj 4JU»J ^1 aSj«JI AjiLo ^ rj^l jj*«Si l>iS^j 



. J:^ JJ ^;^ i...^ «.:■■■* -L«iJ CJ^I Jj 



J,«Hi ^ U il:^ 04^ -if , Jiii iulJa>. ^I>V ili»-:)Ul .JU La-, (1) 



155 




aL. wftitl Jj^ 



(JJlt^ fS SUhfu , ^ ,.^ T o. ,tfT lg) 



40-23 



i--i>JI ,_^1 Jj-^jJl ^jlr 



157 






f . J 203 jf 206 J L>_ 

148-202 .-..•iw.U _ 

118-148 

116-118 ■ JjVl 

112-118 (JjUI ji^f) J*,jif _ 

105-118 

88-105 (j,Ul ^f) bjU . 

60-88 ^liJl 

46-60 " JjVl L^. _ 



(<>-V-L- J^) JlJ^ji . 




r . V 23-25 ^lill L 



iji- 




(J\^j^\) Cis^m 



647/27 JU*- ^;^ JjI jup _ 

665/45 ^_jb- ^y ajjU* _ 

670/50 (^^ cy. '*^ - 

675/55 jLj ^1^1 _^r _ 



68?/62 

688/69 iSjU\ ^ ^ j^J _ 

705/86 j^ ^ ^j^ . 

715/96 tr^j^l -J^ji ,>i ''^*>-« - 
71^100 ^L^LI t^f^l 4i)l -Up j. J-pU-I - 

720/102 ^ ^r ^ Oiji - 

721/103 ^1 <:)i>^ ^>. yt- - 

735/117 jf 73^114 ^l»^l ^jj Jul JU*^ _ 

741/123 ^^1 ^Lp ^ |.jiiS- _ 

742/124 il_^ ^ iJUi:^ _ 
745/127 i^>Jl ..^ ^ ,>*^^l X^ _ 

755/137 ^_^ ^ ^Ui . 

756/138 Cf-^J\ xp ^ ._^ - 



759/142 vi^JiVl ^ 




765/148 ^U ^ cJUVl - 

768/151 ,JL^I ,y^ ^ 




77^155 ,^^1 ^-U ^ Jiji - 

787-^171 ,^1 ^"l^ ^ ^jj - 

790/174 v«- oi 




793/177 ^jj ^ JJull . 

795/179 ^t ^ W_^ - 

797/181 jUi\ JS\JL. c^. 




158 




U-i^l Uii ;Ui ^j ^^U Si^^l ^l_^L jLci Ui Vi . dj.^J>^\ 



.1968 



• ■■ 



u^y 



^j? t^UJ X>>^ ^- i^j^yj U>f jL*:.f ^y ^>JI ijlji ^^\ ^\ - 



.1967 



.1907^_,L ,Ji^y,j^ cC«**^J' i^'tjLp^f cjJu^l ji\ - 
.1941 J\^\ ,jj\S _^ i^jJj^% L2i>i ^ja tj»i:>Jl JLp ^^^1 _ 



. 1968 ^_y c ^Ul ^j 

jr~Jlj Jl> -U^ i^y c iJU-UI L2i>i ^ijlJ i -UjJUT JjUi 6U^ - 



. 1969 ^y t o^L- ^ 

.S^UJI ;LJ ^y ^^1 ^1 ^Jj ^ju^t y^LUl t^jl_^l _ 

.1965 Sy>U)| i^^^l ^^1 ^^\3 ^x^\ jLp J^j JU-, _ 



.4j 




•>_^ • 



159 



J^ ytJ cv>UJ ^j*Jl ^ ^ UiO^ ^ (?) ^U^ ^ 



4l)l 




. 1954 jL^ij^ 




. 1970 ^^" , ltj>^. I J-^ >» - 




.1975 «lSi)l jb iaUJI h^jIju>JI 

.1964 O^UJI C^.jlJI VO- L*» V^^^l '4/^ 

.1947 Sy»U»Jl ti-.>JJ ^^1 ^ t,;;--^ ^> - 




LiisJl jljJl t^Vl v-<>Jl Jjj jU-f ^y Ua::«.Vl tJU^t t^^^^Ul _ 



.1954 




.*i\ 



. Vr>lj-^jVlj A5^.jbJl ^li.Vl 1.0 



. Ui>J| J_^ i.1* ^1^ 2.0 

.«ijUl _ JJ L. o_/J J_^ i«lp ^Ij- 2.1 

. SikuJI ^Jl _ JJ L. J^ ^1^ 2.2 

. JjVl ^ji^\ oljU^ 3.0 

ij_^_^l iiL5i!l 3.1 

^^1 3.2 

» 4.0 




.Ciy>- ils-j 4.1 



. liijj\ iSj>- 4.2 



. i^^l ^iJUUJl 4.3 

. jU^Ml ^j> ^ ^^1 iiill- 4.4 

.*-Lt^ ijLfj 4.5 

. jUj^l J!)^:;^^! 5.0 



fc ^ 



O'-r^Ji ^ 




5.1 



160 



Jl.jji\ JriUs-.'^l 5.2 

.iuj^l 5.3 
.ijjjJl itjLiJi 5.4 

. L.JJ il^ 8.0 

.JlJJ^I 8.1 

. ^jJl Jib^'ill 8.2 



•£->'-P*^' 'J^ 



10 



161 




(Endogamie) ILAk'jJS^ 
(Annone) (ajjX*J\ ^ua>Jl) Vjj\ 

(Optat) objt 

(Aedemon) j^^jJ 
(Baghai) ;|IpIj 

(Lionel Balout) jiL 



(Robert Brunschvig) AJjtJl^ 



117 
73,65 

68 
113,100 

64 
124,123 

48,47,41 

123 

149 ^*>^ 

30 (Fernand Braudel) (m-1985) Jj^tjj-j 
112,105,94 (Procope) ^jSjj* 



142,90,68 (Jean-Pierre Brisson) (l)j-i^ 

(Gl Br^mond) dj^^j* 

(Ptolem^e) ^^j^Jiai 

(Baquates) Ij\m 

(B61isaire) jijJU 

(Bogud) (A>j^) ^jpry, 

(Bocchus) ij^y^y, 
(Edward Bovill) JJ^ 



47 

157.64,61 
112, 81 
128,114,107 

61 

35 

35 

35 

97,61 

111 

31 



147 

125,50,33,17 

146 

11 
157,128,123 

109 

106 

71 

106,67 
144 

3?, 33 

146 

157 

59 

130,33 

88,68,67,50 

158-146 

121',117,77 



(Ethiopiens) dj^jj^l 
(Barbaras) ^!A^f 



(Agysimba) L 



f 



(Arius) ^jij 

(Historiographie) Lily^^^k^t 

(Adherbal) J^jit 
(Agathocle) Jijkl>t 





(Romani) pjJ\ Jjlil 

1 16,86,85,78,76,65,3 1- (Albertini) ^jJi 

(Altava) UUl 

t 




112 

95,45(MiU6naire) 

94 (Ammien Marcellin) 6U«t 

124,117,116,114,113 (Antalas) ^M^ll 



162 



Cji 



jJU 



146 

68 
11 
116,88,79 

60 
66 



110.88,85,72,67,62 (Diocletien) Oli>ii^.i 



(Fossatum) ijj^ 



,j\. 



(Circoncellions) L)jjlji 
(Francois Decret) ajjSjj 



158,146 

70 
160,131,87.63 

60 



146,33 

100 

158,124,123 

I09a00,95 



28 



94,93,85,62,61 
87 

121 

111.94 

159 

106 

72.20 

154,101 

89 

144,125,33 

86 

11 
93.71 

60 
61 



r ^ ui a J 

(Charles Rousseaux) j^jj 

(Roxnanisation) *iAjj 

(Regulus) ^jijiuj 

(Getules) ^\jj 
(Salluste) Li^_>!U 



(Ronald Syme) ^l^ 



(Sefutela) 



(Strabon) ^i^: 




(Salamine) ^'i^ 

(Celtes) (0^) C)j±^ 
(Albert Soboul) Jjj^ 

(Jacques Soustelle) J*^^ 



(Qrta) Aj- 



(Syphax) ^^^LL^ 
(Sylla) %. 



111,71 

94,75,60 

160.153.75 

119,101,37 

154 

58 

87.84,83,64,62 

94,62 

199,123,113,81 

124 

78,68,66 ,50 

123 

69 

81.33,28 

53.52 
157.61 

70 

71 



yjy 



(Polybe) ^y, 

(Punicisation) amj* 

(Jacques Berque) Jjjrf 



(Gl Bugeaud) 4>*h 



(Datation) *^t 
(Tacfarinas) dj^^ 



(Tacite) 



\j 



,^U 



(TertuUien) jUyy 

(Henri Terrasse) ^J^\J^ 

(Germaine Tillion) dj^ 

(Gauda) (^^jfi^) l^j^- 

(Gabriel Germain) d^yr 




(Julian C h.-A.) OU 




130,100,93,90,84,67,45,35,32,31 



88,64,62 
106,105 

117 

158,124 

141 

18 
99,88,87.72,63 

113 



(Gildon) J 




n • 



(Geiseric) (ti^r-^) ^.jjs^ 



(Gcnnadius) j^^^jj^iUjir 



Ai^ 





(Ecole des Annates) oU 

(Limes) ^J-if JU* 
(S>1) t-.fl^l 



104,69 (Hadrumete) (i^^) 




158,146 

160,71 ,'70 
78 



(Hannon) 0_^ 



(Huneric) ( JijUs*-) tri-^>^ 



163 



122,121 



(Gr6goire) (ji>.» » 



(G. Charles-Picard) jKj; - JjLi 



,42,41,31.28 (Stephane GseU) (Jiji) Ji> 152,86,75,73,71,70.64 



(153,110,100,95,94,93 ,85.70,49,45,44 



. 145,80 




43, 31, 28, 27 (Ernest-Felix Gautier) A^jk- - 74 
149,127. 126,125.110,47, 



149,35.33 
36,28 
64 
88 
84 
31 
63 

160,60 
152 
47 
88,62 

113 



50 



tT 



58 
U 75,60 



(Epitaphes) j^l jul^ 



(Scipio) j^ 



JtiU^Lill 



106,64^9 




(Van Nostrand) X\jL^y Oli 100 ii^^JU-» 

(W.H. C Frend) JLJly 116,73,64 (Charles Saumagne) J\aj^ 



(Richard Frangois) 1^1^ 126,125 



o-*? 



UoU-^ 



72 



(Flaviens) 0^!>U]1 146 

^ 123,71 

(Raymond Furon) Ojjj* 158, 146 

(Gl Faidherbe) v^jJLi 83 (t|jSl>JI) Cji^\ 

(Hrmus) ^j^_^ S3 

(Cyprien) OL^ 157,122,121 






uit>^Jl-^ 




t^ jjUJI Xp 







160,99.94,50 (Pr^histoire) ^.jtf - JJ 124 



cy. 



LT^r Oi 



^1 



119,117,101,100,99 




123,122 




,87,84,79,75,74.73,72,71.70,64,60,59 ^J 1^8,122 
115,113,104,96,92 

126.78 



b\ 





158, 144 



146 
70 

45 

146,145,124,123,122.33 



113 



(Caracalla) Vliy 1^0 

(Cern6) ^j^. 157,146,128,123.122 

(SjL,^) Va*5J1 121 

0I_,^! 128,122 

(Cabaon) JjLjI^ 50 



^J\ cy.^\^ 



Cf, 



oi 



^U ^ 4Ml J^ 




^1 









(J6rdme Carcopino) ^^jlS" 157 



(Charles Gallagher) ^Ip 

(Gaia) b> 



.113, 93, 84,81,80,71.70,67,27 

50, 47, 46, 44, 34 (Gabriel Camps) 
.153, 151. 95,93.74.52,51, 




l^ 



1122 

71 
114 




\^fi 



(Garamantcs) (cJUl^) OU^ 



(Garmul) J^^ 



164 



121 

124 

84 

96.60 

27 

96.60 

74,60 

100 

157,122 

118,109^8,50 



(Byzac^ne) JU^I 127,126,124 

^y ui ^^Jy 124,123 

(Musulames) aJI^I 15^,145 

(Masaessyles) ^JL^j^l 51 

t^5>*^i 114 



15^1 



^\,, J 



(Claude) (j^) a^ 
(Cutzinas) ^^j$ 



(Massyles) 




I 



73.72.67,31.27 (Christian Courtois) \jijj$ 



(Sfinat) U,j Ai^JH^ 131. 115,113,112.110,106.105,100,99,93,90 







152, 
114.122,94 

106 

142 



(Corippus) ^^^^jS 




90 

150,118,111 



(Aoachronisme) v^jIj <yiJM 123 



1 



(Commodien) Ci^Jj^jS 

31 (Roger Le Toumeau) yjyji 

Ja^tf^l i^yki 51 (Andr6 Leroi-Gourhan] Ij^ . \jjji 




I f.^ J 




150,131,126,123,120,119,118,115,112 

150,149,119,117,116,115 ^juJ\ wi>J! 



63 
98 
70-69 



(Marcel Legley) ^ji 



(Lixus) 



123 
124 
67 
35 




4jyU (Evariste L6vi-Provengal) JL^jji - ^Ji^ 




160.123,12 



(Hagiographie) (^jb?) i^bJl 140,27 



C^JLfJl 



127 
61 



158,144,129,128,126,125.124 84 



(Oeoige Mar^i8)4^jU 
(William Marsais) Vj^ 

(Marius) fjfjijl* 



(Mastanabal) 




70.69 
145 
157 
100 

33 



(Mogador) (Sj*^l) j^U>- 



113 
74 




(Masuna) li^U 
(Magon) jfi-U 




(Midpsa) (L~-p.) 



(Majorque) ?ij^ 



I 



73,72,61,60 (Massinissa) (Uji«^) ^;^**:;j*^U 
157,154,153,125,114,113,87,84,75,74 



88 (Ramsey Mac Mullen) 




160.126.125,124,13,11 




t i^j^li] 



117,116,98,88 



(Mauri) ijj^U 



61 



(Metellus) 



U-> 



58 

68 (Boraes Milliaives) 4 



;jjl^i; ujUit 149 





f 



92 



132,77 (Mobih't^ sodale) L^L«>.| ^LU 145 



A\ 



i}i^y 



Cji 




*■* 







165 



113 

33 

113,112,100,81,80 



(Sjlil) ,j--ytJ^I 77,68,67,58 (Epigraphie) 






*• t 





45 



f ,^^,^^1 113 



<^1^J 100.88,60 
(ljU>^\) Uy.ji\ 84,51,49,45 



OM) 



Udl 



(Numides) JU«I^I 
(Neolithique) aJJ^ 



124,114 (Yabdas) (^Ij-^-.) JJL-iLj 

(Jacobins) <JLiu 



89 

157,64.61 

157,61 



(Juba) 



Jj^l 





*^ •• 



^iill ^^. 




114 (Jean Troglita) LJIp j 



116,115,108 (Justinien) J 

(Jugurtha) 



160,157,97.93,90,87,84,83,64,62.61 






105,80,61 

158,144,143 

158,146 







45 (En^olithique) 



111 




153,110,27 






(Madeleine Hours-Miedan) O-A-*- - o^jj^ 



70 



111,94 



(Herodote) 



^J^J. 



157.61 (Heimpsal) (JL-.«^J 
72 





1 



(^ 



.•^^1 
^ 



132 
(Volubilis) 

113,112,104,100,98,81,80 



(Vandales) JlJLyJ 
160, 150,132,130, 116,112,107,105,73,64,57 



166 



u;s;ji ^ 




6 
9 

27 
27 
32 






~jUI ^JL>J J_^ oUi>-t>l. 



*J>JJL> 



?^llSai IJLA IJU 



^>*JI p^ V 




39 oUjVl ^ *i^l : JjVl J-^ 

41 ijUjCL-Vl WjJjs^j^l J>" liL. -I 

47 jLxL-Vlj Lr^^^jVl _ II 

55 

57 

59 

63 

66 

69 

69 

73 

^6 ?L^j ^ liLy 



. . ^\j^H\ - 1 

. . . iJJL- - II 

til.; 




83 

83 



?Ujj oai>-f liU _ III 



iijUj^^\ S>JI 

87 yi^l 5^1 



167 



92 
92 
99 



103 
105 

109 
112 

115 
121 
130 




. . ^_^\ JijtJI _ IV 
si^lO^Vl - 1 



c- 




I 




J^jjl. 




^^1 ^1 . 



II 



f>^V' Ji ^JJ :r- - "I 



137 *J^Ui-l Ju*i«i ^>JI : ^1^1 J,^l 

£jl>»J' »jjj "-Jj J* - 1 



141 
144 
148 



II 



^u: _ III 



151 
157 



!5U 



Ji^ 



157 iL-^1 il>. 

157 ^j^\ o^UJl 



158 



159 
160 






H\ 



169 
169 



lJ-^ 



liSCJl 




168 




c>=» 



vjiAjljiyli" 



L^uAAjj . IpJillt vSU^UaII ^ SfkAM ul^^it f.f»^ 

. Ht/kJI ^13 ^fk. 2juLi Ut^\ uil^Ul 

^^1 ^;till <iJii» U . . 



5I Ja>«n JUiJI : ;tfUA» ^;yJU dJl.^a^l LXi)aiJ\ ^1 







^>J|-.UJIjIaJ1 - 4006 «t^. - "^'^ '