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A»j:u^I ^,jjx^l ^1 jiwVl l^Uixj ^j i'k^M Ajj:>:J1 J_j*-aJI ^_^1 l^.-Ja»j ^ Jij^ 



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Mazer, B. The Tobids, Israel Exploration Journal, Vol, 7 Jenisalem, (1957), PP. 237-238. 



MU. ^1 (r) 

Duncan, J. Garrow. Es-Salt, Palestine Exploration Fund, (1928) P. 35. (o) 
de vaux, R. and Benoit, Exploration de la region de salt. Revue Biblique, 47, (1938) P. (i) 

404. 

: jkjl (Jji^LiHI t> Jy>J (A) 

G. Schmacher, Es-salt Zeitschrft des deutschen Palastina-Vereins, 18, (1895) PP.65-72. 

.W L>- iVlAi/y^ ^jb a'^o^ j^ u^-^jVl Lfl Jl S'lij?' t(y-'J- 
R.devaux47, (1938),P. 405(1) 

X 1^. Sl^Jj^/^ jUiV^ ojib y_p iIaU\ ^^ AoiUjj CjUU^ ct^jja.:* i ,j^jL.j : ^1 J^liiJi t> ;y>i (\ \) 

Jones, A.H.M. The Cities of the Eastern Roman province oxford, (1917), p. 256. (^ i) 

Abel, F.M. Geographic de la Palestine, Tome II, Libraire Lecoffre Paris (1967) P. 174. 

Smith, G.A. the Historical Geography of the Holy land foutana library (1968) P. 346. 

joscphus, the Jewish war, Translated with an Introduction by G.A. willmson, (^o) 

Penguin Books (1969) P.33. 



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N. Glazer, flavius Josephus, the Second Jewish Commonwealth - Jewish, Antiquities 

Books, new york (1971) P.363. 



H.st.j. Thackeray, Josephus LLL, The Jewish war Books the loeb Classical Library, 

Harvard University Press, Cambridge Mass (1928) PP. 121-123. 

Oliphant, Laurance, The Land or Gilead, london (1880) P. 200. (n) 



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Jones, the cities P. 545 

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Duncan, Es- Salt, p. 35 (rv) 
Pierre medebiilie, Salt. History Dune Mission, Jerusalem, P. 2 (rA) 

Meisterman P. Baranbe, Guide du nil au Jourdain, Editeurs< Alphonse picard et fols 

paris,(1909)P. 311-317. 



: Ljc blliVAi ^j^(nAo/j»>^ £»o) Aj^jjVI <*^laJl tSj_^ 

Field, Henry. North Arabian Desert Archoaeologecal 1925- 1950 Cambridge (1960) P. 33. 



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C.T lewis and S.S Short> Alatin Dictionary, Clarendon Press, Oxford (1975) under (n) 



SaltusP. 1621. 



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Duncan, Es - salt. P.32 (o<^) 

Ibid P. 34(01) 
Ibid P. 34 (^v) 

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R. de vauxRB. 47, (1938) P 398 (M) 

G Schumacher, Es - Salt, Zeilschrift desdeutschenpalastine - Vereins. 18, (1895) PP. 

56-72. 

Duncan , Es - saU P. 34. (i*) 
OUplhant, the land of Gilead, P. 200 (HX) 

.w ^j^'ijAiiJi s^^\ i jixi 0^' (ir) 

Huntingns, E. Principles of Human Geography John willey New York (1956) P.,622 (^o) 

.A\ ^<L.jil cClojl^j;u(l'\) 

R . de vaux RB. 47, (1938) P. 405 (IV) 

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R,devauxRB47(1938)P.404(v.) 

R.de vaux RB. 47 (1938) P. 404 (V\) 

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(1984). 

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(1982). 

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E . 1 . 2 nd Edition. 

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(1960) 

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Mazer, B. The Tobids , Israel Exloration Journal Vol,7. Jersualem (1957) 

Meister man, P. Baranbe, Guide du Nil an Jourdain Paris (1909) 

Medebillie (Pierra). Salt. History Dune Mission. Jerusalem. 

Mandavilie, Jon.E. The Ottoman Court Records of Syria and Jordan. Journal of 

The American Oriental Society (1966) 

Oliphant, Laurance. The Land of Gtlead London (1880) 

Smith, G.A. The Historical Geography of the Holy Land . Fountana Library 

(1968) 

Schumacher, G. "Es-Salt" Zcitschrift des deutschen Vercins (1895). 



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THE HASHEMITE KINGDOM OF JORDAN 

AMMAN 1996 



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