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SHAKESPEARE'S    PLAY    OF 

THE    TEMPEST 

ARRANGED   FOR   REPRESENTATION  AT 

THE  PRINCESS'S  THEATRE, 

WITH 

HISTORICAL  AND  EXPLANATORY  NOTES, 


BY 


CHARLES    KEAN,    F.S.A., 

AS   FIRST   PERFORMED   ON 

£.        WEDNESDAY,    JULY     1,     1857. 


ENTERED    AT    STATIONERS'    HALL. 


lEontron : 
PRINTED    BY    JOHN   K.    CHAPMAN    AND    CO., 

5,    SHOE     LANE,    AND    PETERBOROUGH    COURT,    FLEET    STKEF/r. 


PRICE    ONE     SHILLING. 

TO     BE     HAD     IN     THE     THEATRE. 


SHAKESPEARE'S   PLAY    OF 

THE    TEMPEST, 


ARRANGED   TOR  REPRESENTATION   AT 

THE   PRINCESS'S   TffEATRE, 

WITH 

HISTORICAL  AND  EXPLANATORY  NOTES, 

BY 

CHARLES      KEAN,     F.S.A., 


AS   FIRST  PERFORMED   ON 


WEDNESDAY,    JULY     1,     1857. 


ENTERED    AT    STATIONERS'    HALL. 


ITontron : 
PRINTED    BY   JOHN   K.    CHAPMAN   AND    CO., 

SHOE    LANE,    AND    PETERROKOUGEI    COURT,    FLEET    STREET. 


JOHN    K.     CHAPMAN'    AND     COMPANY,     5,     SHOE    LANE,     AND 
PETERBOROUGH     COURT,     FLEET    STREET. 


DRAMATIS     PERSONS. 


ALONSO,  (King  of  Naplc*)  ............     Mr.  COOPER. 

SEBASTIAN,  (his  brother}    ............     Mr.  RAYMOND. 

PROSPERO,  (the  rightful  Duke  of  Milan")     Mr.  CHARLES  KEAN 


f  (A"   hrotker>    the 

(  Duke  of  Milan) 

FERDINAND,  (Son  to  the  King  of  Naples')     Miss  BTJFTON. 

GONZALO,     {  C«*  honest  oM  Counsellor  of\  M     GKAHAM. 

\  Ao/^e.s)  ) 

ADRIAN,  \  \  Mr.  BARSBY. 

FRANCISCO,       )  Olr.  BRAZIER. 

CALIBAN,  (a  Savage  and  Deformed  Slave)     Mr.  RYDER. 
TRINCTTLO,  (a  Jester}  ................     Mr.  HARLEY. 

STEPHANO,  (a  Drunken  Butler}  ....     Mr.  FRANK  MATTHEWS  . 

BOATSWAIN,     ......................     Mr.  PAULO. 

Master  of  a  &hip  and  Mariners. 

MIRANDA,  (DavpJUer  to  Prospero)  Miss  CARLOTTA  LECLERCQ. 
ARIEL,  (an  Airy  Spirit)  ..............     Miss  KATE  TERRY. 

IRIS,       ,  (  Miss  DENVILLE. 

CERES,   [  (Spirits.)  j  Miss  HONEY. 

JITNO,     )  '  Miss  POOLE. 

Nymphs,  Spirits,  attending  on  Prospero,  <tc.,  d'C. 


SCENE    The  Sea,  witu  a  Ship ;  afterwards  an 

Island. 


M773443 


THE  SCENERY  Painted  by  Mr.  GEIEVE  and  Mr.  TELBIN, 

Assisted  by  Mr.  W.  GORDON,    Mr.  F.   LLOYDS, 
Mr.   CUTHBEET,  Mr.  DATES,   Mr.   MORRIS,  &c.,  &c. 
THE  Music  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  J.  L.  HATTOX. 

THE  DANCES  AND  ACTION,  by  Mr.  OSCAR  BYRN. 

THE  DKCOIIATIONS  &  APPOINTMENTS  by  Mr.  E.  AV.  BRAD  WELL, 

THE  DRESSES  by  Mrs.  and  Miss  HOGGINS. 

THE  MACHINERY  by  Mr.  G.  HODSDON. 

uiER,  Mr.  ASPLIN,  of  No.  13,  New  Bond  Street. 


For  reference  to  Historical  Authorities  indicated  l>y 
Letters,  see  end  of  each  Act. 


PREFACE. 


"  The  Tempest,  and  the  Midsummer  Nighfs  Dream, 
are  the  noblest  efforts  of  that  sublime  and  amazing 
imagination  peculiar  to  Shakespeare,  which  soars 
above  the  bounds  of  nature  without  forsaking  sense ; 
or  more  properly,  carries  nature  along  with  him  be- 
yond her  established  limits."  Such  are  the  words 
of  one  of  our  poet's  most  learned  commentators. 
Doctor  Warburton,  Bishop  of  Gloucester,  conveying 
a  true  estimate  of  the  genius  which  conceived  and 
constructed  the  play  of  The  Tempest.  This  won- 
derful drama — this  bright  creation  of  a  sportive 
fancy  which  peoples  the  air  with  sylphs  and  spirits — 
may  be  said  to  symbolize,  almost  as  much  as  a  his- 
torical play,  a  definite  period  in  the  world's  annals. 

During  the  century  that  followed  the  first  reve- 
lation' of  a  new  hemisphere  to  the  eyes  of  astonished 
Europe,  the  mind  of  man  was  repeatedly  excited  by 
the  announcement  of  fresh  wonders.  The  inspired 
perseverance  of  Columbus  had  awakened  a  spirit  not 
to  be  extinguished,  and  the  names  of  Vasco  de  Gama, 
Ferdinand  Magellan,  Sebastian  Cabot,  Francis  Drake, 
Walter  Raleigh,  and  other  bold  navigators,  remain 


VI  PREFACE. 


as  bright  monuments  of  an  age  of  discoveries,  which 
has  since  produced  so  great  a  change  in  the  aspect  of 
the  entire  world — has  expanded  the  human  intellect 
by  the  constant  presentation  of  new  objects — and 
has  laid  the  foundation  of  those  marvels  which  have 
emanated  from  the  philosophy  of  modern  science.  It 
is  this  age  of  discoveries  that  is  represented  by  The 
Tempest. 

In  1609,  about  three  years  before  the  production 
of  the  play,  the  disastrous  shipwreck  of  Sir  George 
Somers  had  familiarized  the  multitude  with  the 
Bermuda  Islands,  which,  as  we  learn  from  the  ad- 
dition to  Stow's  Annals,  by  Howes,  were  "  said  and 
supposed  to  be  enchanted,  and  inhabited  with  witches 
and  devils,  which  grew  by  reason  of  accustomed 
monstrous  thunder-storm  and  tempest  near  unto 
those  islands." 

While  the  living  generation  was  yet  impressed 
with  these  wonderful  additions  to  the  geography  of 
the  globe's  surface,  and  bewildered  by  the  fabulous 
stories  derived  from  the  bold  and  unscrupulous  ad- 
venturers who  had  traversed  those  distant  regions — 
such;  for  instance,  as  the  relation  concerning  <f  men 
whose  heads  stood  in  their  breasts,"  in  Sir  Walter 
lialeigh's  voyage  to  Guiana  in  1595 — a  most  fearful 
tempest  swept  the  coast  of  England,  destroying  hun- 
dreds of  ships,  and  creating  a  terror  so  universal,  that 
public  prayers  were  ordered,  by  authority,  in  the 
various  churches. 


PKEFACE.  Vll 


This  appalling  visitation  may,  perhaps,  have  stimu- 
lated Shakespeare  to  compose  a  drama,  which  should 
combine  a  "  topic  of  the  day ''  with  those  wonders  of 
far  countries  which  were  greedily  received  as  facts 
by  the  credulous  masses.  The  belief  in  sorcery  and 
witchcraft,  which  at  that  period  prevailed,  more  or 
less,  throughout  all  society,  and  which  had  found  an 
additional  aliment  in  the  reports  circulated  with 
regard  to  the  Bermudas,  had  so  much  disposed  the 
public  mind  in  favour  of  supernatural  subjects,  that 
amongst  the  audiences  who  first  witnessed  the  play 
of  The  Tempest,  many,  doubtless,  were  to  be  found, 
who  gave  ready  credence  to  the  reality  of  the  prodi- 
gies therein  introduced.  Apart  from  the  popular 
superstitious  belief  of  the  time,  to  which,  perhaps,  the 
play  partially  owed  its  origin,  the  inexhaustible  genius 
of  the  poet  has  transmitted  to  posterity  one  of  the 
most  fascinating  dramatic  compositions  that  ever 
sprang  from  human  intellect.  The  enchanted  island, 
governed  by  the  wand  of  Prospero,  released  from  its 
association  with  the  Bermudas,  remains  an  imaginary 
kingdom,  the  scene  of  affecting  and  mysterious  inci- 
dents, over  which  Ariel  presides  as  the  image  of  air, 
in  spiritual  contrast  to  the  grosser  Caliban,  who  em- 
bodies the  earthly  element. 

In  the  stage  arrangement,  I  have  ventured  to 
depart  almost  entirely  from  conventional  precedent. 
To  the  close  of  the  third  act,  for  instance,  where 
61  strange  shapes,"  without  any  specified  identity,  arc 


Vlll  PKEFACE. 


described  as  bringing  in  a  banquet,  I  have  endea- 
voured to  give  a  mythological  character.  In  a  later 
portion  of  the  play,  a  Masque  is  performed  for  the 
entertainment  of  Ferdinand  and  Miranda,  which 
Shakespeare  has  invested  with  the  classical  forms  of 
antique  goddesses  and  nymphs.  I  have,  therefore, 
deemed  myself  at  liberty  to  adopt  a  similar  view 
with  regard  to  the  supposed  Islanders,  who  invite 
the  King  of  Naples  and  his  attendant  Lords  to 
their  magical  repast.  Naiads,  Dryads,  and  Satyrs 
have  taken  the  place  of  the  ludicrous  and  un- 
meaning monsters  hitherto  presented,  as  being  not 
only  more  picturesque  and  poetical,  but  also  more 
in  accordance  with  the  classical  figure  of  the  Harpy, 
which  rises  in  the  midst  of  them.  To  preserve  the 
mythological  tone  throughout,  the  principal  demons 
and  goblins  commanded  to  torture  the  brute  Caliban, 
and  his  drunken  associates,  Trinculo  and  Stephano, 
at  the  close  of  the  fourth  act,  are  copied  from 
Furies  depicted  on  Etruscan  vases. 

A  great  change  has  been  made  in  the  orchestral 
arrangements,  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  J.  I/. 
Hat  ton,  who,  with  the  exception  of  a  few  favorite 
and  well-known  airs,  has  composed  the  whole  of 
the  music.  To  give  full  strength  to  the  vocal  de- 
partment, Miss  Poole  has  been  specially  engaged  to 
appear  as  "  Juno  "  in  the  Masque,  and  to  take  the 
solo  parts  in  the  invisible  chorusses  which  pervade  the 
performance.  The  songs  usually  allotted  to  Ariel 


PREFACE.  IX 

will  be  transferred  to  this  lady,  as  leader  of  the  spirit- 
choir.  In  the  play  of  The  Tempest,  no  allusion 
being  made  to  any  definite  period  of  action,  I 
have  exercised  the  liberty  of  selecting  the  thirteenth 
century  as  a  date  for  costume.  The  vessel  lost  in 
the  storm  at  the  commencement,  and  restored  in  the 
calm  at  the  close  of  the  piece,  is  also  copied  from 
authentic  records  of  the  same  period. 

The  scenery  has  been  painted  by  Mr.  Grieve  and 
Mr.  Telbin ;  and  although  a  purely  imaginative  drama 
does  not  admit  of  those  historical  details  which  have 
been  so  accurately  observed  in  earlier  Shakespearian 
revivals  at  this  Theatre,  an  endeavor  has  been 
made,  in  the  present  instance,  to  impart  a  generally 
new  character  to  one  of  the  most  lofty  productions  of 
that  master-poet,  who  supplied  new  worlds  with 
the  rapidity  of  thought,  and  of  whom  it  has  been  so 
justly  written,  "  that  he  lived,  not  for  an  age,  but  for 
all  time." 

CHARLES  KEAN. 

Ijgp0  The  kind  indulgence  of  the  public  is  requested  should  any 
lengthened  delay  take  place  between  the  acts,  during  the  first 
representations  of  The  Tempest. 

This  appeal  is  made  -with  greater  confidence,  when  it  is  stated 
that  the  scenic  appliances  of  the  play  are  of  a  more  extensive  and 
complicated  nature  than  have  ever  yet  been  attempted  in  any 
theatre  in  Europe  ;  requiring  the  aid  of  above  one  hundred  and 
forty  operatives  nightly,  Avho  (unseen  by  the  audience)  are  en- 
gaged in  working  the  machinery,  and  in  carrying  out  the  various 
effects. 


THE   TEMPEST. 


ACT  I. 

SCENE    I.— A    SE(IP    IN    A    STORM. 

The  first  scene,  as  now  arranged,  may  be  considered  (in 
introduction  to  the  play  ;  on  its  conclusion,  therefore,  the 
f/resn  curtain  will  descend,  and  the  Overture  will  Jtere 
be  performed,  for  the  purpose  of  giving  time  for  the 
clearing  away  and  re-setting  of  the  stage. 


SCENE    II.— THE    ISLAND    OVERLOOKING    THE 
SEA. 

During  the  progress  of  the  scene,  the  waters  abate,  the  suit 
rises,  and  the  tide  recedes,  leaving  the  yelloiv  sands,  to 
which  FERDINAND  is  invited  by  ARIEL  and  the  spirits. 

PROSPERO  and  MIRANDA. 

Mir.  If  by  your  art,  my  dearest  father,  you  have 
Put  the  wild  waters  in  this  roar,  allay  them  : 
O,  I  have  suffer' d 

With  those  that  I  saw  suffer !  a  brave  vessel, 
Who  had  no  doubt  some  noble  creatures  in  her, 
Dash'd  all  to  pieces.     O,  the  cry  did  knock 
Against  my  very  heart !     Poor  souls  !  they  perish'd. 

Pro.  Be  collected; 

No  more  amazement :  tell  your  piteous  heart, 
There's  no  harm  done. 

Mir.  O,  woe  the  day  ! 

Pro.  N"o  harm. 

I  have  done  nothing  but  in  care  of  thee, 


12  THE    TEMPEST.  [ACT  r. 

(Of  thee,  my  dear  one !  thee,  my  daughter !)  who 
Art  ignorant  of  what  thou  art,  nought  knowing 
Of  whence  I  am ;  nor  that  I  am  more  better1 
Than  Prospero,  master  of  a  full  poor  cell,2 
And  thy  no  greater  father. 

Mir.  More  to  know 

Did  never  meddle  with  my  thoughts.3 

Pro.  'Tis  time 

I  should  inform  thee  further.     Lend  thy  hand, 
And  pluck  my  magic  garment  from  me. — So  ; 

[Lays  down  his  mantle. 

Lie  there  my  art.(A) — Wipe  thou  thine  eye ;  have  comfort. 
The  direful  spectacle  of  the  wreck,  which  touch'd 
The  very  virtue  of  compassion  in  thee, 
I  have  with  such  prevision  in  mine  art4 
So  safely  order'd,  that  there  is  no  soul — 
No,  not  so  much  perdition  as  an  hair, 
Betid  to  any  creature  in  the  vessel 
Which  thou  heard'st  cry,  which  thou  saw'st  sink.      Sit 

down ; 
For  thou  must  now  know  further. 

Mir.  You  have  often    . 

Begun  to  tell  me  what  I  am  ;  but  stopp'd 
And  left  me  to  a  bootless  inquisition  ; 
Concluding,  Stay,  not  yet. — 

Pro.  The  hour's  now  come ; 

The  very  minute  bids  thee  ope  thine  ear ; 
Obey,  and  be  attentive.     Can'st  thou  remember 
A  time  before  we  came  unto  this  isle  ? 
I  do  not  think  thou  can'st ;  for  then  thou  wast  not 
Out  three  years  old.5 

1  more  letter"]    This  un grammatical  expression  is  very  fre- 
quent amongst  our  oldest  writers. 

2  full  poor  cell,]     i.e.,  a  cell  in  a  great  degree  of  poverty. 

3  Did  never  meddle  with  my  thoughts.]     i.e.,  mix  with  them.     To 
meddle  is  often  used  with  this  sense  by  Chaucer. 

*  in  mine  art.]     The  great  magician  had  by  his  art  foreseen 

that  there  should  not  be  "so  much  perdition  as  an  hair"  among 
the  whole  crew.— COLLIER. 

*  Out  three  years  old.]     Quite  three  years  old. 


SCENE  ii.]  THE  TEMPEST.  13 

Mir.  Certainly,  sir,  I  can. 

Pro.  By  what  ? — By  any  other  place  or  person  ? 
Of  any  thing  the  image  tell  me,  that 
Hath  kept  with  thy  remembrance  ? 

Mir.  'Tis  far  off; 

And  rather  like  a  dream,  than  an  assurance 
That  my  remembrance  warrants :  Had  I  not 
Four  or  five  women  once  that  tended  me  ? 

Pro.  Thou  had'st,  and  more,  Miranda  : 
Sixteen  years,  Miranda,  sixteen  years  since, 
Thy  father  was  the  Duke  of  Milan,  and 
A  prince  of  power. 

Mir.  O,  the  heavens  ! 

What  foul  play  had  we,  that  we  came  from  thence  ? 

Pro.  My  brother,  and  thy  uncle,  called  Antonio,— 
I  pray  thee,  mark  me, — that  a  brother  should 
Be  so  perfidious ; — he  whom,  next  thyself, 
Of  all  the  world  I  lov'd,  and  to  him  put 
The  manage  of  my  state ;  as,  at  that  time, 
Through  all  the  signiories  it  was  the  first, 
And  Prospero  the  prime  duke ;  being  so  reputed 
In  dignity,  and,  for  the  liberal  arts. 
Without  a  parallel ;  those  being  all  my  study, 
The  government  I  cast  upon  my  brother, 
And  to  my  state  grew  stranger,  being  transported 
And  rapt  in  secret  studies.     Thy  false  uncle — 
Thus  having  both  the  key 
Of  officer  and  office,  set  all  hearts 
To  what  tune  pleas'd  his  ear ;  that  now  he  was 
The  ivy,  which  had  hid  my  princely  trunk, 
And  suck'd  my  verdure  out  on't. — Thou  attend'st  not : 
I  pray  thee,  mark  me. 

Mir.  O  good  Sir,  I  do. 

Pro.  I  thus  neglecting  worldly  ends, 
In  my  false  brother 
Awak'd  an  evil  nature  : 
Hence  his  ambition 
Growing, — he  needs  will  be 
Absolute  Milan  :  Me,  poor  man  ! — my  library 
Was  dukedom  large  enough  ;  of  temporal  royalties 
He  thinks  me  now  incapable  :  confederates 


14  THE   TEMPEST.  [ACT  i. 

(So  dry  he  was  for  sway)6  with  the  King  of  Naples, 
To  give  him  annual  tribute,  do  him  homage ; 
Subject  his  coronet  to  his  crown,  and  bend 
The  dukedom,  yet  unbow'd  (alas,  poor  Milan !) 
To  most  ignoble  stooping. 

3 fir.  O,  the  heavens  ! 

Pro.  This  king  of  Naples,  being  an  enemy 
To  me  inveterate,  hearkens  my  brother's  suit ; 
Which  was,  that  he  in  lieu  o'  the  premises, — ~ 
Of  homage,  and  I  know  not  how  much  tribute, — 
Should  presently  extirpate  me  and  mine 
Out  of  the  dukedom  ;  and  confer  fair  Milan, 
With  all  the  honours,  on  my  brother  :  whereon, 
A  treacherous  army  levy'd,  one  midnight 
Fated  to  the  practise,8  did  Antonio  open 
The  gates  of  Milan ;  and,  i'  the  dead  of  darkness, 
The  ministers  for  the  purpose  hurried  thence 
Me,  and  thy  crying  self. 

Mir.  Wherefore  did  they  not 

That  hour  destroy  us  ? 

Pro.  *     •**"•  My  child,  they  durst  not ; 

(So  dear  the  love  my  people  bore  me)  nor  set 
A  mark  so  bloody  on  the  business  :  but 
With  colours  fairer  painted  their  foul  ends. 
In  few,  they  hurried  us  aboard  a  bark ; 
Bore  us  some  leagues  to  sea  ;  where  they  prepar'd 
A  rotten  carcase  of  a  boat,  not  rigg'd, 
Nor  tackle,  sail,  nor  mast  ;(B)  the  very  rats 
Instinctively  had  quit  it :  there  they  hoist  us, 
To  cry  to  the  sea  that  roar'd  to  us,9  to  sigh 
To  the  winds,  whose  pity,  sighing  back  again, 
Did  us  but  loving  wrong. 


*  So  dry  lie  was  for  sway"]     i.e.,  so  thirsty. 

7  In  lieu  o*  the  premises, — ]  In  lieu  of,  means  here,  in  con- 
sideration of — in  exchange  for. 

*  Fated  to  the  practise,]  Shakespeare  constantly  uses  the  word 
practise,  to  denote  contrivance,  artifice,  or  conspiracy. — COLLIER. 

9   To  cry  to  the  sea  that  roor'd  to  «*,]  The  same  idea  occurs  in  The 
Wintri' s  Tale,  "  How  the  poor  souls  roarV,  and  the  seawiocAV  them." 


SCENE  ii.]  THE  TEMPEST.  15 

Mir.  Alack !  what  trouble 

Was  I  then  to  you. 

Pro.  O  !  a  cherubim 

Thou  wast,  that  did  preserve  me  !     Thou  diclst  smile, 
Infused  with  a  fortitude  from  heaven, 
Which  rais'd  in  me 
A  courage  to  bear  up 
Against  what  should  ensue. 

Mir.  How  came  we  ashore  ? 

Pro.  By  Providence  divine. 
Some  food  we  had,  and  some  fresh  water,  that 
A  noble  Neapolitan,  Gonzalo, 
Out  of  his  charity,  (who  being  then  appointed 
Master  of  this  design),  did  give  us  ;  with 
Rich  garments,  linens,  stuffs,  and  necessaries, 
Which  since  have  steaded  much  ;  so,  of  his  gentleness, 
Knowing  I  lov'd  my  books,  he  furnish'd  me, 
From  my  own  library,  with  volumes  that 
I  prize  above  my  dukedom. 

Mir.  'Would  I  might 

But  ever  see  that  man. 

Pro.  Now  I  arise  : — 

[Puts  on  his  robe  again — (soft  music). 
Sit  still,  and  hear  the  last  of  our  sea-sorrow. 
Here  in  this  island  we  arriv'd ;  and  here 
Have  I,  thy  school- master,  made  thee  more  profit 
Than  other  princes  can,  that  have  more  time 
For  vainer  hours,  and  tutors  not  so  careful.  - 

Mir.  Heavens  thank  you  for't!  And  now,  I  pray  you,  sir, 
(For  still  'tis  beating  in  my  mind)  your  reason 
For  raising  this  sea-storm  ? 

Pro.  Know  thus  far  forth. — 

By  accident  most  strange,  bountiful  fortune, 
Now  my  dear  lady,1''  hath  mine  enemies 
Brought  to  this  shore :  and  by  my  prescience 
I  find  my  zenith  doth  depend  upon 
A  most  auspicious  star  ;  whose  influence 
If  now  I  court  not,  but  omit,  my  fortunes 
AY  ill  ever  after  droop. — Here  cease  more  questions; 


10 


Xotv  uiy  dear  lady,]  Fortune  now  my  auspicious  mistress. 


16  THE  TEMPEST.  [ACT  i. 

Thou  art  inclin'd  to  sleep ;  ?tis  a  good  dullness, 

And  give  it  way ; — I  know  thou  can'st  not  choose.11—- 

[MIRANDA,  sleeps — (imisic  ceases}, 
Come  away,  servant,  come  ;  I  am  ready  now : 
Approach,  my  Ariel ;  come.  [ARIEL  appears. 

Ari.  All  hail,  great  master !  grave  sir,  hail !  I  come 
To  answer  thy  best  pleasure ;  be't  to  fly, 
To  swim,  to  dive  into  the  fire,  to  ride 
On  the  curl'd  clouds ;  to  thy  strong  bidding,  task 
Ariel,  and  all  his  quality. 

Pro.  Hast  thou,  spirit, 

Performed  to  point12  the  tempest  that  I  bade  thee  : 

Ari.  To  every  article. 

I  boarded  the  king's  ship  ;  now  on  the  beak,1:i 
Now  in  the  waist,14  the  deck,  in  every  cabin, 
I  flam'd  amazement,  (c)     The  fire,  and  cracks 
Of  sulphurous  roaring,  the  most  mighty  Neptune 
Seem'd  to  besiege,  and  make  his  bold  waves  tremble, 
Yea,  his  dread  trident  shake.     Not  a  soul 
But  felt  a  fever  of  the  mad,15  and  play'd 
Some  tricks  of  desperation  :  All,  but  mariners, 
Plung'd  in  the  foaming  brine,  and  quit  the  vessel,15 
Then  all  a-fire  with  me :  the  king's  son,  Ferdinand, 
With  hair  up-staring  (then  like  reeds,  not  hair) 
Was  the  first  man  that  leap'd  ;  cried,  Hell  is  empty, 
And  all  the  devils  are  here.  (D) 

Pro.  Why,  that's  my  spirit ! 

But  was  not  this  nigh  shore  ? 

Ari.  Close  by,  my  master. 

Pro.  But  are  they,  Ariel,  safe  ? 


11  /  know  Ihou  can'sl  not  choose, — ]  As  the  art  of  Prosper^ 

has  brought  this  sleepiness  upon  Miranda. 

-   Performed  to  point]  i.  e.t  to  the  minutest  article. 

13  Beak,']  Forecastle. 

14  the  waist,]  The  part  between  the  quarter-deck  and  the 

forecastle. 

1 6  felt  a  fever  of  the  mad,]  f.  <•.,  not  a  soul  but  felt  such  a  fever 

as  madmen  feel,  when  the  frantic  fit  is  upon  them. 

10  quit  the  vessel,]  Quit  is  here  used  for  quitted. 


SCENE  ii.]  THE   TEMPEST.  17 

Ari.  Not  a  hair  perish'd  ; 

On  their  sustaining  garments  not  a  blemish,17 
But  fresher  than  before  ;  and  as  thou  bad'st  me, 
In  troops  I  have  dispersed  them  'bout  the  isle ; 
The  king's  son  have  I  landed  by  himself; 
Whom  I  left  cooling  of  the  air  with  sighs, 
In  an  odd  angle  of  the  isle,  and  sitting, 
His  arms  in  this  sad  knot. 

Pro.  Of  the  king's  ship, 

The  mariners,  say,  how  thou  hast  disposed, 
And  all  the  rest  o'  the  fleet  ? 

Ari.  Safely  iii  harbour 

Is  the  king's  ship  ;  in  a  deep  nook  she's  hid : 
The  mariners,  all  under  hatches  stow'cl, 
I  have  left  asleep  :  and  for  the  rest  o'  the  fleet, 
Which  I  dispers'd,  they  all  have  met  again; 
And  all  upon  the  Mediterranean  flote, 
Bound  sadly  home  for  Naples  ; 
Supposing  that  they  saw  the  king's  ship  wreck'd, 
And  his  great  person  perish. 

Pro.  Ariel,  thy  charge 

Exactly  is  performed ;  but  there's  more  work.  _ 

Ari.    Is   there  more  toil  ?     Since   thou   dost   give  me 

pains, 

Let  me  remember  thee  what  thou  hast  promis'd, 
Which  is  not  yet  perform'd  me. 

Pro.  How  now,  moody  ? 

What  is't  thou  can'st  demand  ? 

Ari.  My  liberty.18 

Pro.  Before  the  time  be  out  ?  no  more. 

Ari.  I  pray  thee 

Remember,  I  have  done  thee  worthy  service ; 
Told  thee  no  lies,  made  no  mistakings,  serv'd 
Without  or  grudge,  or  grumblings  :  thou  didst  promise 
To  bate  me  a  full  year. 

1  * 

17  On  their  sustaining  yarments  not  n  blemish,]  Enduring-garments, 
which  bore,  without  being  injured,  the  drenching  of  the  sea. 

1  *    Whnt  is't  thou  can'st  demand  ? 

My  liberty.']  The  spirits  or  familiars  attending  on  magicians 
were  always  supposed  to  be  impatient  of  confinement. 


18  THE  TEMPEST.  [ACT  i. 

Pro.  Dost  thou  forget 

From  what  a  torment  I  did  free  thec  ?  (E) 
ATI.  No. 

Pro.  Thou  dost ;  and  think'st 
It  much,  to  tread  the  ooze  of  the  salt  deep ; 
To  run  upon  the  sharp  wind  of  the  north  ; 
To  do  me  business  in  the  veins  o'  the  earth, 
When  it  is  bak'd  with  frost. 

Ari.  I  do  not,  sir. 

Pro.  Thou  liest,  malignant  thing  !     Hast  thou  forgot 
The  foul  witch  Sycorax,  who,  with  age,  and  envy, 
Was  grown  into  a  hoop  '?  hast  thou  forgot  her  ? 
Ari.     No,  sir. 
Pro.  Thou  hast :  Where  was  she  born  :  speak ; 

tell  me. 

Ari.  Sir,  in  "Argier.19 

Pro.  O,  was  she  so  ?     I  must, 

Once  in  a  month,  recount  what  thou  hast  been, 
Which  thou  forget'st.     This  damn'd  witch,  Sycorax, 
For  mischiefs  manifold,  and  sorceries  terrible 
To  enter  human  hearing,  from  Argier, 
Thou  know'st,  was  banish'd ;  for  one  thing  she  did, 
They  would  not  take  her  life  :  Is  not  this  true  ? 
Ari.     Ay,  sir. 

Pro.  This  blue-ey'd  hag  was  hither  brought  with  child, 
And  here  was  left  by  the  sailors  :  Thou,  my  slave, 
As  thou  report'st  thyself,  wast  then  her  servant : 
And,  for  thou  wast  a  spirit  too  delicate 
To  act  her  earthy  and  abhorr'd  commands, 
Refusing  her  grand  bests,  she  did  confine  thee, 
By  help  of  her  more  potent  ministers, 
And  in  her  most  unmitigable  rage, 
Into  a  cloven  pine  ;  within  which  rift 
Imprison'd,  thou  didst  painfully  remain 
A  dozen  years ;   within  which  space  she  died, 
And  left  thee  there ;  where  thou  didst  vent  thy  groans, 
As  fast  as  mill-wheels  strike :  Then  was  this  island, 


1a  Sir,  in  Argier.]    Argier  is  the  ancient  English  name  for 
Algiers. 


SCENE  EL]  THE  TEMPEST.  19 

(Save  for  the  son  that  she  did  litter  here, 

A  freckled  whelp,  hag-born,)  not  honour'd  with 

A  human  shape. 

Ari.  Yes ;  Caliban  her  son. 

Pro.  Dull  thing,  I  say  so ;  he,  that  Caliban, 
Whom  now  I  keep  in  service.     Thou  best  know'st 
What  torment  I  did  find  thee  in  :  thy  groans 
Did  make  wolves  howl,  and  penetrate  the  breasts 
Of  ever-angry  bears ;  it  was  a  torment 
To  lay  upon  the  damn'd,  which  Sycorax 
Could  not  again  undo  ;  it  was  mine  art, 
When  I  arriv'd,  and  heard  thee,  that  made  gape 
The  pine,  and  let  thee  out. 

Ari.  I  thank  thee,  master. 

Pro.  If  thou  more  murmur'st,  I  will  rend  an  oak, 
And  peg  thee  in  his  knotty  entrails,  till 
Thou  hast  howFd  away  twelve  winters. 

Ari.  Pardon,  master : 

I  will  be  correspondent  to  command, 
And  do  my  spiriting  gently. 

Pro.  Do  so ;  and  after  two  days 

I  will  discharge  thee. 

Ari.  That's  my  noble  master  ! 

What  shall  I  do  ?  say  what  ?  what  shall  I  do  ? 

Pro.  Go  make  thyself  like  to  a  nymph  o'  the  sea ; 
Be  subject  to  no  sight  but  mine ;  invisible 
To  every  eye-ball  else.     Go,  take  this  shape, 
And  hither  come  in't :  hence,  with  diligence. 

[ARIEL  disappears. 

Awake,  dear  heart,  awake  !  thou  hast  slept  well  ; 
Awake  ! 

Mir.  The  strangeness  of  your  story  put 
Heaviness  in  me. 

Pro.  Shake  it  off:   Come  on  ; 
We'll  visit  Caliban,  my  slave,  who  never 
Yields  us  kind  answer. 

Mir.  ?Tis  a  villain,  sir, 

I  do  not  love  to  look  on. 

Pro.  But,  as  'tis, 


20  THE   TEMPEST.  [ACT  i. 

We  cannot  miss  him  :M  he  does  make  our  fire, 
Fetch  in  our  wood  :  and  serves  in  offices 
That  profit  us.     What,  ho  !  slave  !  Caliban  ! 
Thou  earth,  thou  ?  speak. 

Cal.  (•within.'}  There's  wood  enough  within. 

Pro.  Come  forth,  I  say  ;  there's  other  business  for  thee  : 
Come  forth,  thou  tortoise  !  when  ? 2I 

[ARIEL  rises  from  the  sea  like  a  water  nymph. 
Fine  apparition  !  My  quaint  Ariel,23 
Hark  in  thine  ear. 

Ari.  My  lord,  it  shall  be  done.  [  Floats  away. 

Pro.  Thou  poisonous  slave,  got  by  the  devil  himself 
Upon  thy  wicked  dam,  come  forth  ! 

Enter  CALIBAN  (F)  from  Cavern. 

Cal.  As  wicked  dew23  as  e'er  my  mother  brush*  d 
With  raven's  leather  from  unwholesome  fen, 
Drop  on  you  both  !  a  south-west  blow  on  ye, 
And  blister  you  ail  o'er ! 

Pro.  For  this,  be  sure,  to-night  thou  shalt  have  cramps, 
Side-stitches  that  shall  pen  thy  breath  up ;  urchins24 
Shall,  for  that  vast  of  night  that  they  may  work,25 
All  exercise  on  thee :  thou  shalt  be  pinch'd 
As  thick  as  honey-combs,  each  pinch  more  stinging1 
Than  bees  that  made  them. 

Cal.  I  must  eat  my  dinner. 

This  island's  mine,  by  Sycorax  my  mother, 
Which  thou  tak'st  from  me.     When  thou  earnest  first, 


a°  We  cannot  miss  him :]  i.  e.y  we  cannot  do  without  him. 

21  whe.n?~\  An  expression  of  great  impatience,  equivalent 

to  "  when  will  sucli  a.  thing  be  done  r" 

22 My  quaint  Ariel,']  Quaint  means  brisk,  spruce,  dexterous, 

from  the  French  cointe. 

"3  As  wicked  dew]  Wicked,  having  baneful  qualities — so  Spencer 
says,  ividied  weed. 

2* urchins]  Urchins  sometimes  mean  hedge-hogs,  but  it  is 

probable  that  in  this  place  they  denote  fairies  or  spirits. 

25 for  that  vast  of  night  (hat  they  may  ivorl;,~\   So  ill  Hamlet — 

*'  In  the  dead  n-<nte  and  middle  of  the  night." 


SCENE  ii.]  THE  TEMPEST.  21 

Thou  strok'dst  me,  and  mad'st  much  of  me  :  would'st  give 

me 

Water  with  berries  in't ;  and  teach  me  how 
To  name  the  bigger  light,  and  how  the  less, 
That  burn  by  day  and  night :  and  then  I  lov'J  thee, 
And  show'd  thee  all  the  qualities  o'  the  isle, 
The  fresh  springs,  brine  pits,  barren  place,  and  fertile ; 
Cursed  be  I  that  did  so ! — All  the  charms 
Of  Sycorax,  toads,  beetles,  bats,  light  on  you ! 
For  I  am  all  the  subjects  that  you  have, 
Which  first  was  mine  own  king :  and  here  you  sty  me 
In  this  hard  rock,  whiles  you  do  keep  from  me 
The  rest  of  the  island. 

Pro.  Thou  most  lying  slave, 

Whom  stripes  may  move,  not  kindness :  I  have  us'd  thee,    j_V> 
Filth  as  thou  art,  with  human  care ;  and  lodg'd  thee 
In  mine  own  cell,  till  thou  didst  seek  to  abuse 
My  gentle  child.     I  pitied  thee, 

Took  pains  to  make  thee  speak,  taught  thee  each  hour 
One  thing  or  other :  when  thou  didst  not,  savage, 
Know  thine  own  meaning,  but  would' st  gabble  like 
A  thing  most  brutish,  I  endow'd  thy  purposes 
With  words  that  made  them  known. 

Gal.  You  taught  me  language  ;  and  my  profit  on't 
Is,  I  know  how  to  curse :  The  red  plague  rid  you 
For  learning  me  your  language ! 

Pro.  Hag-seed,  hence  ! 

Fetch  us  in  fuel ;  and  be  quick,  th'  wert  best, 
To  answer  other  business.     Shrug'st  thou,  malice  ? 
If  thou  neglect'st,  or  dost  unwillingly 
What  I  command,  I'll  rack  thee  with  old  cramps  ; 
Fill  all  thy  bones  with  aches  ;  make  thee  roar, 
That  beasts  shall  tremble  at  thy  din. 

Cal.  No,  pray  thee  ! — 

I  must  obey  :  his  art  is  of  such  power,  [Aside. 

It  would  control  my  dam's  god  Setebos,26 
And  make  a  vassal  of  him. 


=  G  — —  Setebos,']  Setebos,  the  supreme  God  of  the  Patagonians, 
is  mentioned  in  Magellan's  voyage  as  a  frightful  horned  monster. 


22  THE  TEMPEST.  [ACT  i. 

Pro.  So,  slave ;  hence  ! 

[Exit  CALIBAN. 

ARIEL  floats   across   the  sands,  playing;   FERDINAND 
following. 

SONG  AND  CHORUS  BY  INVISIBLE  SPIRITS. 

Come  unto  these  yellow  sands, 

And  then  take  hands : 
Foot  it  featly  here  and  there ; 
And,  sweet  sprites,  the  burden  bear. 

Hark,  hark ! 

The  watch-dogs  bark : 

Hark,  hark !  I  hear 
The  strain  of  chanticlere. 

Fer.  Where  should  this  music  be  ?    i'   the  air,  or  the 

earth  ? 

It  sounds  no  more : — and  sure,  it  waits  upon 
Some  god  of  the  island.     Sitting  on  a  bank, 
Weeping  again  the  king  my  father's  wreck, 
This  music  crept  by  me  upon  the  waters ; 
Allaying  both  their  fury,  and  my  passion, 
With  its  sweet  air :  thence  I  have  follow'd  it, 
Or  it  hath  drawn  me  rather  : — But  His  gone. 

[Chorus  recommences. 
No,  it  begins  again. 

SONG    AND   CHORUS. 

Full  fathom  five  thy  father  lies  ; 
Of  his  bones  are  coral  made ; 
Those  are  pearls,  that  were  his  eyes : 

Nothing  of  him  that  doth  fade, 
But  doth  suffer  a  sea-change 
Into  something  rich  and  strange. 
Sea-nymphs  hourly  ring  his  knell : 
Hark  !  now  I  hear  them, — ding-dong,  bell. 

Burden,  ding-dong. 

Fer.  The  ditty  does  remember  my  drown'd  father  :— 
This  is  no  mortal  business,  nor  no  sound 
That  the  earth  owns. 


SCENE  n.]  THE   TEMPEST.  23 

Pro.  The  fringed  curtains  of  thine  eye  advance, 
And  say,  what  thou  seest  yond'. 

Mir.  What  is't  ?  a  spirit  r 

Lord,  bow  it  looks  about !  Believe  me,  sir, 
It  carries  a  brave  form : — But  'tis  a  spirit. 

Pro.  No,  wench ;    it  eats  and  sleeps,  and    Lath   such 

senses 

As  we  have,  such :  This  gallant,  which  thou  seest, 
Was  in  the  wreck ;  and  but  he's  something  stain' d 
With  grief,  that's  beauty's  canker,  thou  might'st  call  him 
A  goodly  person  :  he  hath  lost  his  fellows, 
And  strays  about  to  find  them. 

Mir.  I  might  call  him 

A  thing  divine  ;  for  nothing  natural. 
I  ever  saw  so  noble. 

Pro.  It  goes  on,  \_Aside. 

As  my  soul  prompts  it : — Spirit,  fine  spirit,  I'll  free  thee 
Within  two  days  for  this. 

Fer.  Most  sure,  the  goddess    \JKneeh. 

On  whom  these  airs  attend  ! — Vouchsafe,  my  prayer 
May  know,  if  you  remain  upon  this  island  ; 
And  that  you  will  some  good  instruction  give, 
How  I  may  bear  me  here  :   My  prime  request, 
Which  I  do  last  pronounce,  is,  O  you  wonder  ! 
If  you  be  maid,  or  no  ? 

Mir.  No  wonder,  sir  ; 

But,  certainly  a  maid. 

Fer.  (rising}  My  language  !  heavens  ! — 

I  am  the  best  of  them  that  speak  this  speech, 
Were  I  but  where  'tis  spoken. 

Pro.  How!  the  best? 

What  wert  thou,  if  the  King  of  Naples  heard  thee  ? 

Fer.  A  single  thing,  as  I  am  now,  that  wonders 
To  hear  thee  speak  of  Naples :  He  does  hear  me  ; 
And,  that  he  does,  I  weep :  myself  am  Naples ; 
Who  with  mine  eyes,  ne'er  since  at  ebb,  beheld 
The  king  my  father  wreck'd. 

Mir.  Alack,  for  mercy  ! 

Fer.  Yes,  faith,  and  all  his  lords, 

Pro.  At  the  first  sight  [<dside. 


24  THE  TEMPEST.  [ACT  i- 

They  have  chang'd  eyes  r7 — Delicate  Ariel, 

I'll  set  thee  free  for  this ! — a  word,  good  sir  : 

I  fear,  you  have  done  yourself  some  wrong,28  a  word. 

Mir.  Why  speaks  my  father  so  ungently?     This 
Is  the  third  man  that  e'er  I  saw  ;  the  first 
That  e'er  I  sigh'd  for :  pity  move  my  father 
To  be  inclined  my  way  ! 

Fer.  O,  if  unmarried, 

And  your  affection  not  gone  forth,  I'll  make  you 
The  Queen  of  Naples. 

Pro.  Soft,  sir ;  one  word  more. — 

They  are  both  in  either  s  powers :  but  this  swift  business 
I  must  uneasy  make,  lest  too  light  winning  {^Asidc. 

Make  the  prize  light. — One  word  more  ;  I  charge  thee, 
That  thou  attend  me  :  thou  dost  here  usurp 
The  name  thou  own'st  not ;  and  hast  put  thyself 
Upon  this  island,  as  a  spy,  to  win  it 
From  me,  the  lord  on't. 

Fer.  No.  as  I  am  alive. 

Mir.  There's  nothing  ill  can  dwell  in  such  a  temple : 
If  the  ill  spirit  have  so  lair  a  house, 
Good  things  will  strive  to  dwell  with't. 

Pro.  Follow  me. —  \_To  FERDINAND. 

Speak  not  you  for  him :  he's  a  traitor. — Come. 
I'll  manacle  thy  neck  and  feet  together  : 
Sea- water  shalt  thou  drink,  thy  food  shall  be 
The  fresh-brook  muscles,  wither'd  roots,  and  husks 
Wherein  the  acorn  cradled  :  Follow. 

Fer.  No ; 

I  will  resist  such  entertainment,  till 
Mine  enemy  has  more  power. 

[He  draws  his  stvord,  and  is  charmed  from  moving. 


- '  They  Jmi-e  cJtany'J  <-t/es:]  The  mutual  transposition  of  self-love, 
or  transfer  of  personal  'identity,  at  sight  of  the  beloved  object. 

-8  I  fear,  you  have  dune  yourself  some  wrong,'}  i.e.,  I  fear  that  in 
asserting  yourself  to  be  King  of  Naples,  you  have  uttered  a  false- 
hood, which  is  below  your  character,  and  consequently,  injurious 
to  your  honor.  So,  in  the  Merry  Wives  of  Windsor — "  This  is 
not  well,  Master  Ford,  this  icroiH/s  you.'" — STEEVENS. 


SCENE  ii.]  THE  TEMPEST.  25 

Mir.  O  dear  father, 

Make  not  too  rash  a  trial  of  him,  for 
He's  gentle,  and  not  fearful.29 

Pro.  What,  I  say, 

My  foot  my  tutor  !31 — Put  thy  sword  up,  traitor ; 
Who  mak'st  a  shew,  but  dar'st  not  strike,  thy  conscience 
Is  so  possessed  with  guilt :  come  from  thy  ward  ;31 
For  I  can  here  disarm  thee  with  this  stick, 
And  make  thy  weapon  drop. 

Mir.  Beseech  you,  father ! 

Mir.  Hence  ;  hang  not  on  my  garments. 

Mir.  Sir,  have  pity  ; 

I'll  be  his  surety. 

Pro.  Silence  :  one  word  more 

Shall  make  me  chide  thee,  if  not  hate  thee.     What ! 
An  advocate  for  an  impostor  ?  hush  ! 

Come  on  ;  obey:  [To  FERDINAND. 

Thy  nerves  are  in  their  infancy  again, 
And  have  no  vigour  in  them. 

Fer.  So  they  are  : 

My  spirits,  as  in  a  dream,  are  all  bound  up.32 
My  father's  loss,  the  weakness  which  I  feel, 
The  wreck  of  all  my  friends,  or  this  man's  threats, 
To  whom  I  am  subdu'd,  are  but  light  to  me, 
Might  I  but  through  my  prison  once  a  day 
Behold  this" maid  :  all  corners  else  o'  the  earth 
Let  liberty  make  use  of;  space  enough 
Have  I,  in  such  a  prison.  [ARIEL  appears  again. 


2  9  He's  gentle,  and  not  fearful.'}  The  probable  meaning  of  this 
line  is,  "He's  noble  and  not  timorous— he  will  not  tamely  bear  an 
insult." 

30  My  foot  my  tutor  /]     Shall  my  heel  teach  my  head?    Shall 
that  which  I  tread  upon  give  me  law  ? 

31  come  from  thy  ward;]    Desist  from  any  hope  of  awing 

me  by  that  posture  of  defence. —  JOHNSOX. 

" 3  My  spirits,  as  in  a  dream,  are  all  bound  up.~\  Alluding  to  a 
common  sensation  in  dreams,  when  we  struggle,  but  with  a  total 
impuissance  in  our  endeavors,  to  run,  strike,  &c. — WARBURTOX. 


26  THE  TEMPEST.  [ACT  i. 

Pro.  It  works  : — Come  on. — 

Thou  hast  done  well,  fine  Ariel ! — Follow  me. — 

\_2^o  FERDINAND  and  MIRANDA. 
Hark,  what  thou  else  shalt  do  me.  [To  ARIEL. 

31ir.  Be  of  comfort; 

My  father's  of  a  better  nature,  sir, 
Than  he  appears  by  speech ;  this  is  unwonted, 
Which  now  came  from  him. 

Pro.  Thou  shalt  be  as  free 

As  mountain  winds :  but  then  exactly  do 
All  points  of  my  command. 

Ari.  To  the  syllable. 

Pro.  Come,  follow:  speak  not  for  him.  [JExeunt. 


DISTANT    CHORUS    OF    SPIRITS. 


JEND   OF   ACT   FIRST. 


ACT  i.]  THE  TEMPEST.  27 


HISTORICAL  NOTES  TO  ACT  FIRST. 


(A)  Lie  there  my  art.]  Sir  Will  Cecil,  Lord  Burleigh,  Lord  High 
Treasurer  in  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  when  he  put  off  his 
gown  at  night,  used  to  say,  Lie  there,  lord  treasurer. — Fuller's  Holy 
'State,  p.  257. 

(B)  A  rotten  carcase  of  a  boat,  not  rigg*d, 
JNTor  tackle,  sail,  nor  mast ;] 

In  the  British  Museum  there  is  a  French  copy  of  an  ancient 
romance,  entitled  the  Geste  of  King  Horn.  One  might  almost 
conclude  that  some  English  translation  of  it  existed  in  Shakespeare's 
time,  and  that  he  had  in  the  above  passage  imitated  the  following 
description  of  the  boat,  in  which  Horn  and  his  companions  were 
put  by  king  Rodmund  at  the  suggestion  of  Browans  :  —  "  Sir,  said 
he,  take  one  of  your  old  boats,  put  into  it  these  varlets  whom  I 
see  here  ;  let  them  have  no  oars  to  help  them,  sail  nor  rudder  to 
put  them  in  motion." — Illustrations  of  Shakespeare,  by  Francis  Douce. 

(c)  Ifiamd  amazement,}  There  is  a  meteor  known  to  sailors,  and 
called  by  the  several  names  of  the  fire  of  Saint  Helen,  Saint  Elm, 
Saint  Herm,  Saint  Clare,  Saint  Peter,  and  Saint  Nicholas.  "When- 
ever it  appeared  as  a  single  flame  it  was  supposed  by  the  ancients 
to  be  Helena,  the  sister  of  Castor  and  Pollux,  and  in  this  state  to 
bring  ill  luck,  from  the  calamities  which  this  lady  is  known  to 
have  caused  in  the  Trojan  war.  When  it  came  double  it  was 
called  Castor  and  Pollux,  and  accounted  a  good  omen.  It  has 
been  described  as  a  little  blaze  of  fire,  sometimes  appearing  by 
night  on  the  tops  of  soldiers'  lances,  or  at  sea  on  masts  and  sail- 
yards,  whirling  and  leaping  in  a  moment  from  one  place  to  another. 
Some  have  said,  but  erroneously,  that  it  never  appears  but  after  a 
tempest.  It  is  also  supposed  to  lead  people  to  suicide  by  drowning. 
Shakespeare  seems  to  have  consulted  Stephen  Batman's  Golden 
Booke  oj  the  leaden  Goddes,  who,  speaking  of  Castor  and  Pollux,  says 
"they  were  figured  like  two  lampes  or  cresset  lightes,  one  on  the 
toppe  of  a  maste,  the  other  on  the  stemme  or  foreshippe."  He 
adds,  that  if  the  light  first  appears  in  the  stem  or  foreship  and 
ascends  upwards,  it  is  good  luck  ;  if  either  lights  begin  at  the  top- 
mast, bowsprit,  or  foreship,  and  descend  towards  the  sea,  it  is  a  sign 
of  tempest.  In  taking  therefore  the  latter  position,  Ariel  had 
fulfilled  the  commands  of  Prospero  to  raise  a  storm.  — Douce. 

(D)  And  all  the  devils  are  here.']  It  is  exceedingly  probable  that  the 


28  THE  TEMPEST.  [ACT  r. 

outline  of  a  considerable  part  of  this  play  was  borrowed  from  the 
voyage  of  Sir  George  Sommers  to  the  Bermudas,  in  the  year 
1609,  where  he  was  shipwrecked.  Several  contemporary  narratives 
of  the  above  event  were  published,  which  Shakspeare  might  have 
consulted  ;  and  the  conversation  of  the  time  might  have  furnished, 
or  at  least  suggested,  some  particulars  that  are  not  to  be  found  in. 
any  of  the  printed  accounts.  In  1610  Silvester  Jourdan,  an  eye- 
witness, published  A  ditcovery  of  the  Bermudas,  otherwise  called  the 
ISLE  OF  DIVELS  :  Bif  Sir  Thomas  Giifes,  Sir  Geo.  Sommers,  and  Cap- 
tayne  Neirport,  with  divers  others.  Next  followed  Strachey's  Pro- 
ceedings of  the  English  colonie  in  Virginia  1612,  4tO,  and  some  Other 
pamphlets  of  less  moment.  From  these  accounts  it  appears  that 
the  Bermudas  had  never  been  inhabited,  but  regarded  as  under  the 
influence  of  inchantment ;  though  an  edition  to  a  subsequent  edition 
of  Jourdan' s  work  gravely  states  that  they  are  not  inchanted  ;  that 
Sommer's  ship  had  been  split  between  two  rocks  ;  that  during  his 
stay  on  the  island  several  conspiracies  had  taken  place ;  and  that  a 
sea-monster  in  shape  like  a  man  had  been  seen,  who  had  been  so 
called  after  the  monstrous  tempests  that  often  happened  at  Bermuda, 
In  Stowe's  Annals  we  have  also  an  account  of  Sommer's  ship- 
wreck, in  which  this  important  passage  occurs  :  "  Sir  George  Som- 
mers sitting  at  the  stearne,  seeing  the  ship  desperate  of  reliefe, 
looking  every  minute  when  the  ship  would  sinke,hee  espied  land, 
which  according  to  his  and  Captaine  Newport's  opinion,  they 
judged  it  should  be  that  dreadfull  coast  of  the  Bermodes,  which, 
iland  were  of  all  nations  said  and  supposed  to  bee  inchanted  and  in- 
habited with  witches  and  devills,  which  grew  by  reason  of  accustomed 
monstrous  thunder,  storm  and  tempest,  neere  unto  those  ilands, 
also  that  for  the  whole  coast  is  so  wonderous  dangerous  of  rockes, 
that  few  can  approach  them,  but  with  unspeakable  hazard  of 
ship-wrack."  Now  if  some  of  these  circumstances  in  the  ship- 
wreck of  Sir  George  Sommers  be  considered,  it  may  possibly  turn 
out  that  they  are  "  the  particular  and  recent  event  which  determin- 
ed Shakspeare  to  call  his  play  The  Tempest." — Douce. 

(E)  Dost  thou  forget  from  what  a  torment  I  did  free  thee  ?]  That  the 
character  and  conduct  of  Prospero  may  be  understood,  something 
must  be  known  of  the  system  of  enchantment,  which  supplied  all 
the  marvellous  found  in  the  romances  of  the  middle  ages.  This 
system  seems  to  be  founded  on  the  opinion  that  the  fallen  spirits, 
having  different  degrees  of  guilt,  had  different  habitations  allotted 
them  at  their  expulsion,  some  being  confined  in  hell,  some  (as 
Hooker,  who  delivers  the  opinion  of  our  poet's  age,  expresses  it, 
dispersed  in  air,  some  on  earth,  some  in  icater,  others  in  caves,  dens,  or 
minerals  under  the  earth.  Of  these,  some  were  more  malignant  and 
mischievous  than  others.  The  earthly  spirits  seem  to  have  been, 
thought  the  most  depraved,  and  the  aerial  the  less  vitiated.  Thus 
Prospero  observes  of  Ariel : 

Thou  wast  a  spirit  too  delicate 

To  act  her  earthy  and  abhorrd  commands. 


ACTS  i.]  THE  TEMPEST.  29 

Over  these  spirits  a  power  might  be  obtained  by  certain  rites  per- 
formed or  charms  learned.  This  power  was  called  The  Black  Art, 
or  Knowledge  of  Enchantment.  The  enchanter  being  (as  King  James 
observes  in.  his  Demonology)  one  wlto  commands  Ike  devil,  ichcreas  the 
witch  serves  him.  Those  who  thought  best  of  this  art,  the  existence 
of  which  was,  I  am  afraid,  believed  very  seriously,  held,  that 
certain  sounds  and  characters  had  a  physical  power  over  spirits, 
and  compelled  their  agency  ;  others,  who  condemned  the  practice, 
which  in  reality  was  surely  never  practised,  were  of  opinion,  with 
more  reason,  that  the  power  of  charms  arose  only  from  compact, 
and  was  no  more  than  the  spirits  voluntarily  allowed  them  for  the 
seduction  of  man.  The  art  was  held  by  all,  though  not  equally 
criminal,  yet  unlawful,  and  therefore  Casaubon,  speaking  of  one 
who  had  commerce  with  spirits,  blames  him,  though  he  imagines 
him  one  of  the  best  kind,  who  dealt  with  them  by  way  of  command.  Thus 
Prospero  repents  of  his  art  in  the  last  scene.  The  spirits  were 
always  considered  as  in  some  measure  enslaved  to  the  enchanter, 
at  least  for  a  time,  as  serving  with  unwillingness  ;  therefore 
Ariel  so  often  begs  for  liberty  ;  and  Caliban  observes,  that  the 
spirits  serve  Prospero  with  no  good  will,  but  luite  him  rooledly. — 
Of  these  trifles  enough. — Johnson. 

(F)  Enter  Caliban, ,]  In  the  British  Museum  is  preserved  a 
translation  by  John  Florio  (1603),  of  Montaigne's  Essays,  in  which 
Shakespeare's  autograph  is  inscribed,  thereby  affording  probability 
that  this  identical  volume  was  once  the  property  of  the  great  poet. 

The  chapter  on  Canniballes  affords  undoubted  evidence  that 
Shakespeare  was  acquainted  with  the  work,  as  a  speech  of  Gonzalo's, 
act  2nd,  scene  1st  (omitted  in  represent  atiori)t\$>  almost  literally  copied 
from  Montaigne's  descriptions  of  a  newly  discovered  country 
(chap.  30) — and  it  is  not  unlikely  that  (according  to  Dr.  Farmer's 
opinion)  by  transposing  the  letters  of  the  woid  Canibal,  Shakes- 
peare formed  the  name  of  Caliban. 


30  THE  TEMPEST.  [ACT  n. 


ACT    II. 

SCENE   I.— INTERIOR    OF    THE    ISLAND. 

Enter  ALONSO,  SEBASTIAN,  ANTONIO,  GONZALO,  ADRIAN, 
FRANCISCO,  and  others. 

Gon.  Beseech  you,  sir,  be  merry:  you  have  cause 
(So  have  we  all)  of  joy  :  for  our  escape 
Is  much  beyond  our  loss  :  but  for  the  miracle, ._ 
I  mean  our  preservation,  few  in  millions 
Can  speak  like  us  ;  then  wisely,  good  sir,  weigh 
Our  sorrow  with  our  comfort. 

Alo.  Pr'ythee,  peace. 

Gon.  Well,  I  have  done. 

A.dr.  Though  this  island  seem  to  be  desert, 
Uninhabitable,  and  almost  inaccessible. 
It  must  needs  be  of  subtle,  tender,  and  delicate  temperance.1 
The  air  breathes  upon  us  here  most  sweetly. 

Gon.  But  the  rarity  of  it  is  (which  is,  indeed,  almost  be- 
yond credit)  that  our  garments  being,  as  they  were,  drench'd 
in  the  sea,  hold,  notwithstanding  their  freshness  and  glosses  ; 
being  rather  new  dy'd,  than  stain'd  with  salt  water,  and  are 
now  as  fresh  as  when  we  put  them  on  first  in  Africk,  at  the 
marriage  of  the  king's  fair  daughter  Claribel,  to  the  King  of 
Tunis. 

Seb.  'Twtis  a  sweet  marriage,  and  we  prosper  well  in  our 
return. 

Gon.  Sir,  we  were  talking,  that  our  garments  seem  now 
as  fresh  as  when  we  were  at  Tunis,  at  the  marriage  of  your 
daughter,  who  is  now  queen.  Are  not,  sir,  my  garments  as 
fresh  as  the  first  day  I  wore  them,  at  your  daughter's  mar- 
riage ? 

1  delicate  lanperanct.~\     Soft  temperature. 


SCENE  i.]  THE  TEMPEST.  31 

Alo.  You  cram  these  words  into  mine  ears,  against 
The  stomach  of  my  sense :    Would  I  had  never 
Marry'd  my  daughter  there !  for,  coming  thence, 
My  son  is  lost.     O,  thou,  mine  heir 
Of  Naples  and  of  Milan. 

Fra.  Sir,  he  may  live. 

I  saw  him  beat  the  surges  under  him, 
And  ride  upon  their  hacks.     I  do  not  doubt, 
He  came  alive  to  land. 

Alo.  No,  no,  he's  gone. 

Seb.  Sir,  you  may  thank  yourself  for  this  great  loss  ; 
That  would  not  bless  our  Europe  with  your  daughter, 
But  rather  lose  her  to  an  African ; 
We  have  lost  your  son, 
I  fear,  for  ever  :   the  fault's  your  own. 

Alo.  So  is  the  dearest  of  the  loss. 

Gon.  My  Lord  Sebastian, 
The  truth  you  speak  doth  lack  some  gentleness, 
And  time  to  speak  it  in :  you  rub  the  sore, 
W7hen  you  should  bring  the  plaster. 

Enter  ARIEL  invisible.     Solemn  music. 

Ant.  Nay,  my  good  lord,  be  not  angry. 

Gon.  No,  1  warrant  you;  I  will  not  adventure  my  dis- 
cretion so  weakly.  Will  you  laugh  me  asleep,  for  I  am 
very  heavy  ? 

Ant.  Go  sleep,  and  hear  us. 

\_All  sleep  but  ALONSO,  SEBASTIAN,  and  ANTONIO. 

Alo.  What,  all  so  soon  asleep  !     I  wish  mine  eyes 
Would,  with  themselves,  shut  up  my  thoughts  :  1  find, 
They  are  inclined  to  do  so. 

Seb.  Please  you,  sir, 

Do  not  omit  the  heavy  offer  of  it : 
It  seldom  visits  sorrow  ;  when  it  doth, 
It  is  a  comforter. 

Ant.  We  two,  my  lord, 

Will  guard  your  person,  while  you  take  }  our  rest, 
And  watch  your  safety. 

Alo.  Thank  you,    Wond'rous  heavy. — 

[ALONSO  sleeps.     Exit  ARITX. 

Seb.  What  a  strange  drowsiness  possesses  them ! 


32  THE  TEMPEST.  [ACT  11. 

Ant.  It  is  the  quality  o'  the  climate. 

Seb.  Why 

Doth  it  not,  then,  our  eye-lids  sink  ?     I  find  not  , 

Myself  dispos'd  to  sleep. 

Ant.  Nor  I ;  my  spirits  are  nimble. 

They  fell  together  all  as  hy  consent ; 
They  dropp'd,  as  by  a  thunder-stroke.     What  might, 
Worthy  Sebastian  ? — O,  what  might  ? — No  more  : — 
And  yet,  methinks,  I  see  it  in  thy  face, 
What  thou  should'st  be  :  the  occasion  speaks  thee  ;  and 
My  strong  imagination  sees  a  crown 
Dropping  upon  thy  head. 

Seb.  What,  art  thou  waking  ? 

Ant.  Do  you  not  hear  me  speak? 

Seb.  I  do.     lYythen,  say  on  : 

The  setting  of  thine  eye,  and  check,  proclaim 
A  matter  from  thee  ;  and  a  birth,  indeed, 
Which  throes  thee  much  to  yield. 

Ant.  Thus,  sir ; 

Although  this  lord  hath  almost  persuaded 
The  king  his  son's  alive ;  'tis  as  impossible 
That  he's  undrown'd,  as  he  that  sleeps  here  swims. 

Seb.  I  have  no  hope 
That  he's  undrown'd. 

Ant.  O,  out  of  that  no  hope, 

What  great  hope  have  you  ! 
Will  you  grant,  with  me, 
That  Ferdinand  is  drown' d  ? 

Seb.  He's  gone. 

Ant.  Then,  tell  me, 

Who's  the  next  heir  of  Naples? 

Seb.  Claribel. 

Ant.  She  that  is  Queen  cf  Tunis ;  she  that  dwells 
Ten  leagues  beyond  man's  life.2     Say,  this  were  death 
That  now  hath  seiz'd  them ;  why,  they  were  no  worse 
Than  now  they  are :  There  be,  that  can  rule  Naples, 
As  well  as  he  that  sleeps  ; 


*   Ten  leagues  leyond  man's  /•/>.]     i.e.,  at  a  greater  distance  than 
the  life  of  man  is  long  enough  to  reach. 


SCENE  i.]  THE  TEMPEST.  33 

O,  that  you  bore 

The  mind  that  I  do ;  what  a  sleep  were  this 

For  your  advancement !     Do  you  understand  me  ? 

Seb.  Methinks  I  do. 

Ant.  And  how  does  your  content 

Tender  your  own  good  fortune  ? 

Seb.  I  remember, 

You  did  supplant  your  brother  Prospero. 

Ant.  True : 

And,  look,  how  well  my  garments  sit  upon  me ; 
Much  feater  than  before  :  My  brother's  servants 
Were  then  my  fellows,  now  they  are  my  men. 

Seb.  But,  for  your  conscience — 

Ant.  Ay,  sir  ;  where  lies  that  ?     But  I  feel  not  \j 
This  deity  in  my  bosom:  twenty  consciences, 
That  stand  'twixt  me  and  Milan,  candy'd  be  they, 
And  melt,  ere  they  molest ! 3     Here  lies  your  brother, 
No  better  than  the  earth  he  lies  upon, 
If  he  were  that  which  now  he's  like ;  whom  I, 
With  this  obedient  steel,  three  inches  of  it, 
Can  lay  to  bed  for  ever  :  whiles  you,  doing  thus, 
To  the  perpetual  wink  for  aye*  might  put 
This  ancient  morsel,5  this  sir  Prudence,  who 
Should  not  upbraid  our  course. 

Seb.  Thy  case,  dear  friend, 

Shall  be  my  precedent ;  as  thou  got'st  Milan, 
I'll  come  by  Naples.     Draw  thy  sword  :  one  stroke 
Shall  free  thee  from  the  tribute  which  thou  pay'st : 
And  I  the  king  shall  love  thee. 

Ant.  Draw  together : 


3  twenty  consciences, 

That  stand  'Iwixt  me  and  Milan,  candy'd  be  (hey, 
And  melt,  ere  they  molest.] 

Let  twenty  consciences  be  first  congealed,  and  then  dissolved, 
ere  they  molest  me,  or  prevent  me  from  executing  my  purpose. — 
MALONE. 

4  for  aye]  for  ever. 

6  This  ancient  morsel,']  This  aged  piece  of  a  man— in  allusion  to 
Gonzalo. 

c 


31  THE   TEMPEST.  [ACT  ir. 

And  when  I  rear  my  hand,  do  you  the  like 
To  fall  it  on  Gonzalo. 

Seb.  O,  but  one  word. 

\_They  converse  apart. 

Music.     Re-enter  ARIEL,  invisible. 

Ari.  My  master,  through  his  art,  foresees  the  danger 
That  these,  his  friends,  are  in  ;  and  sends  me  forth, 
(For  else  his  project  dies),  to  keep  them  living.6 

\_Sings  in  GONZALO'S  ear. 

While  you  here  do  snoring  lie, 
Open-ey'd  conspiracy 

His  time  doth  take  : 
If  of  life  you  keep  a  care, 
Shake  off  slumber,  and  beware : 

Awake !  awake ! 

Ant.  Then  let  us  both  be  sudden. 

Gon.  Now,  good  angels,  preserve  the  king ! 

\_They  wake. 

Alo.  Why,  how  now,  ho!  awake  !    Why  are  you  drawn  !7 
Wherefore  thus  ghastly  looking  ? 

Gon.  What's  the  matter  ? 

Seb.   Whiles  we  stood  here  securing  your  repose, 
Even  now,  we  heard  a  hollow  burst  of  bellowing, 
Like  bulls,  or  rather  lions  ;  did  it  not  wake  you  ? 
It  struck  mine  ear  most  terribly. 

Alo.  I  heard  nothing. 

Heard  you  this,  Gonzalo  ? 

Gon.  Upon  mine  honour,  sir,  I  heard  a  humming, 
And  that  a  strange  one,  too,  which  did  awake  me : 
I  saw  their  weapons  drawn : — there  was  a  noise, 
That's  verity  :  'Best  stand  upon  our  guard ; 
Or  that  we  quit  this  place :  let's  draw  our  weapons. 

Alo.  Lead  off  this  ground ;  and  let's  make  further  search 
For  my  poor  son. 

G  to  keep  them  living.']   To  preserve  their  lives. 

7   Why  are  you  drawn  ?]     Having  your  swords  drawn. 


SCENE  i.]  THE  TEMPEST.  35 

Gon.  Heavens  keep  him  from  these  beasts ! 

For  he  is,  sure,  i'  the  island. 

Alo.  Lead  away.  [Exeunt. 

Art.  Prospero  my  lord  shall  know  what  I  have  done. 

[Aside. 
So,  king,  go  safely  on  to  seek  thy  son. 

[Flies  away. 

Enter  CALIBAN  with  a  burden  of  loood. 
A  noise  of  thunder  heard. 

Cal.   All  the  infections  that  the  sun  sucks  up 
From  bogs,  fens,  flats,  on  Prosper  fall,  and  make  him 
By  inch-meal  a  disease  !     His  spirits  hear  me, 
And  yet  I  needs  must  curse.     But  they'll  nor  pinch, 
Fright  me  with  urchin  shows,  pitch  me  i'  the  mire, 
Nor  lead  me,  like  a  fire-brand,  in  the  dark 
Out  of  my  way,  unless  he  bid  them ;  but 
For  every  trifle  are  they  set  upon  me  : 
Sometimes  like  apes,  that  moe8  and  chatter  at  me, 
And  after,  bite  me  ;  then  like  hedge-hogs,  which 
Lie  tumbling  in  my  bare-foot  way,  and  mount 
Their  prickles  at  my  foot-fall ;  sometime  am  I 
All  wound  with  adders,9  who,  with  cloven  tongues, 
Do  hiss  me  into  madness  :  — Lo  !  now  !  lo  ! 
Here  comes  a  spirit  of  his ;  and  to  torment  me, 
For  bringing  wood  in  slowly ;  I'll  fall  flat ; 
Perchance,  he  will  not  mind  me. 

Enter  TKHSTCTTLO. 

Tri.  Here's  neither  bush  nor  shrub,  to  bear  off  any 
weather  at  all,  and  another  storm  brewing ;  I  hear  it  sing  i' 
the  wind  :  yond'  same  black  cloud,  yond'  huge  one,  looks  like 
a  foul  bombard 10  that  would  shed  his  liquor.  If  it  should 


8  that  moe]  Make  mouths  at  me. 

9  wound  with  adders,]    Enwrapped  by  adders,  wound  or 

twisted  about  me. 

1  °  looks  like  a  foul  bombard]   The  word  bombard   means  a  large 
vessel  for  holding  drink,  as  well  as  the  piece  of  ordnance  so  called. 

c  2 


36  THE  TEMPEST.  [ACT  it. 

thunder,  as  it  did  before,  I  know  not  where  to  hide  my  head : 
yond'  same  cloud  cannot  choose  but  fall  by  pailfuls. — What 
have  we  here  ?  a  man  or  a  fish  ?  Dead  or  alive  ?  A  fish  : 
he  smells  like  a  fish  ;  a  very  ancient  and  fish-like  smell ;  a 
kind  of,  not  of  the  newest.  Poor- John.11  A  strange  fish ! 
Legg'd  like  a  man !  and  his  fins  like  arms  !  Warm  o'  my 
troth  !  I  do  now  let  loose  my  opinion,  hold  it  no  longer ; 
this  is  no  fish,  but  an  islander,  that  hath  lately  suffer' d  by  a 
thunder-bolt.  [Thunder. ~\  Alas!  the  storm  is  come  again ; 
my  best  way  is  to  creep  under  his  gaberdine ; 12  there  is  no 
other  shelter  hereabout :  Misery  acquaints  a  man  with 
strange  bedfellows :  I  will  here  shroud,  till  the  drench  of 
the  storm  be  past. 

A    STORM    TAKES    PLACE. 

Enter  STEPHA.NO,  singing. 

Ste.  I  shall  no  more  to  sea,  to  sea, 

Here  shall  I  die  a-shore  ; — 

This  is  a  very  scurvy  tune  to  sing  at  a  man's  funeral :  Well, 
here's  my  comfort.  [Drinks. 

The  master,  the  swabber,  the  boatswain,  and  I, 

The  gunner,  and  his  mate, 
Lov'd  Mall,  Meg,  and  Marian,  and  Margery, 

But  none  of  us  car'd  for  Kate : 
For  she  had  a  tongue  with  a  tang, 
Then  to  sea,  boys,  and  let  her  go  hang. 
This  is  a  scurvy  tune,  too  :  But  here's  my  comfort. 

[Drinks. 

Cal.  Do  not  torment  me :  O  ! 

Ste.  What's  the  matter !  Have  we  devils  here  ?  Do 
you  put  tricks  upon  us  with  savages,  and  men  of  Inde  ? 
Ha  !  I  have  not  'scaped  drowning,  to  be  afeard  now  of  your 
four  legs ;  for  it  hath  been  said,  as  proper  a  man  as  ever 
went  on  four  legs,  cannot  make  him  give  ground  :  and  it 
shall  be  said  so  again,  while  Stephano  breathes  at  nostrils. 

1 1  Poor-  John.']  A  coarse  kind  of  fish,  salted  and  dried.    The 
fish  itself  is  called  also  hake. — NARES'S  GLOSSARY. 

12  Gaberdine;']  The  coarse  frock,   or  outward  garment  of  a 
peasant. 


SCENE  i.]  THE  TEMPEST.  37 

Cal.  The  spirit  torments  me  :  O  ! 

Ste.  This  is  some  monster  of  the  isle,  with  four  legs ; 
who  hath  got,  as  I  take  it,  an  ague :  Where  the  devil 
should  he  learn  our  language  ?  I  will  give  him  some  relief 
if  it  be  hut  for  that :  If  I  can  recover  him,  and  keep  him 
tame,  and  get  to  Naples  with  him,  he's  a  present  for  any 
emperor  that  ever  trod  on  neat's-leather. 

Cal.  Do  not  torment  me,  pr'ythee  ; 
I'll  bring  my  wood  home  faster. 

Ste.  He's  in  his  fit  now ;  and  does  not  talk  after  the 
wisest.  He  shall  taste  of  my  bottle :  if  he  have  never 
drunk  wine  afore,  it  will  go  near  to  remove  his  fit ;  If  I  can 
recover  him,  and  keep  him  tame,  I  will  not  take  too  much 
for  him ; 13  he  shall  pay  for  him  that  hath  him,  and  that 
soundly. 

Cal.  Thou  dost  me  yet  but  little  hurt ;  thou  wilt 
Anon,  I  know  it  by  thy  trembling ; u 
Now  Prosper  works  upon  thee. 

Ste.  Come  on  your  ways  ;  open  your  mouth ;  here  is  that 
which  will  give  language  to  you,  cat ; la  open  your  mouth  : 
this  will  shake  your  shaking,  I  can  tell  you,  and  that  soundly : 
you  cannot  tell  who's  your  friend ;  open  your  chaps  again. 

Tri.  I  should  know  that  voice  :  It  should  be — But  he  is 
drown'd  ;  and  these  are  devils  :  O  !  defend  me  ! — 

Ste.  Four  legs,  and  two  voices  ;  a  most  delicate  monster ! 
His  forward  voice  now  is  to  speak  well  of  his  friend ;  his  back- 
ward voice  is  to  utter  ibul  speeches,  and  to  detract.  If  all 
the  wine  in  my  bottle  will  recover  him,  I  will  help  his  ague  : 
Come, — Amen  ! 16  I  will  pour  some  in  thy  other  mouth. 

Tri.  Stephano, — 

Ste.  Doth  thy  other  mouth  call  me  ?     Mercy  !  mercy ! 


18  I  will  not  take  too  much  for  him;]  Too  much  means,  any  sum, 
ever  so  much. 

14  I  know  it  by  thy  trembling;]  This  tremor  is  always  represented 
as  the  effect  of  being  possessed  by  the  devil. 

1 5  Cat ;]  Alluding  to  an  old  proverb,  that  good  liquor  will  make 
a  c*t  speak. 

1 6  Amen  /]  Means,  stop  your  draught— come  to  a  conclusio11* 


38  THE  TEMPEST.  [ACT  n. 

This  is  a  devil,  and  no  monster :  I  will  leave  him ;  I  have 
no  long  spoon.17 

Tri.  Stephano! — if  thou  beest  Stephano,  touch  me, 
and  speak  to  me  ;  for  I  am  Trinculo ; — be  not  afeard, — thy 
good  friend  Trinculo. 

Ste.  If  thou  beest  Trinculo,  come  forth ;  I'll  pull  thee 
by  the  lesser  legs :  if  any  be  Trinculo's  legs,  these  are 
they.  Thou  art  very  Trinculo,  indeed  :  How  cam'st  thou 
to  be  the  siege18  of  this  moon-calf?19 

Tri.  I  took  him  to  be  kill'd  with  a  thunder-stroke : — 
But  art  thou  not  drown'd,  Stephano  ?  I  hope  now,  thou 
art  not  drown'd.  Is  the  storm  over-blown?  I  hid  me 
under  the  dead  moon's-calf's  gaberdine,  for  fear  of  the 
storm  :  And  art  thou  living,  Stephano  ?  O  Stephano,  two 
Neapolitans  'scap'd ! 

Ste.  Pr'ythee,  do  not  turn  me  about ;  my  stomach  is  not 
constant. 

Gal.  These  be  fine  things,  an  if  they  be  not  sprites. 
That's  a  brave  god,  and  bears  celestial  liquor : 
I  will  kneel  to  him. 

Ste.  How  did'st  thou  'scape  ?  How  cam'st  thou  hither  ? 
swear  by  this  bottle,  how  thou  cam'st  hither.  I  escap'd 
upon  a  butt  of  sack,  which  the  sailors  heav'd  over-board, 
by  this  bottle  !  Here ;  swear  then  how  thou  escap'dst. 

Tri.  Swam  a-shore,  man,  like  a  duck ;  I  can  swim  like  a 
duck,  I'll  be  sworn. 

Ste.  Here,  kiss  the  book :  Though  thou  canst  swim  like 
a  duck,  thou  art  made  like  a  goose. 

Tri.  O  Stephano,  hast  any  more  of  this  ? 

Ste.  The  whole  butt,  man ;  my  cellar  is  in  a  rock  by  the 
sea-side,  where  my  wine  is  hid.  How  now,  moon-calf? 
how  does  thine  ague  ? 

Col.  Hast  thou  not  dropp'd  from  heaven  ?20 

17  7  have  no  long  spoon.]    Alluding  to  the  proverb,  a  long  spoon 
to  eat  with  the  devil.     It  may  be  fouud  in  Chaucer. 

18  Siege]  Stool. 

19  Moon-calf.]  An  inanimate  shapeless  mass. 

20  Hast  thou  not  dropp'd  from  heaven  f]    The  newly-discovered 
Indians  of  the  island  of  St.  Salvador,  asked,  by  signs,  whether 
Columbus  and  his  companions  were  not  come  down  from  heaven. 


SCENE  i.]  THE  TEMPEST.  39 

Ste.  Out  o'  the  moon,  I  do  assure  thee  :  I  was  the  man 
in  the  moon  (A)  when  time  was. 

Cal.  I  have  seen  thee  in  her,  and  I  do  adore  thee. 

Ste.  Come,  swear  to  that :  kiss  the  book  :  I  will  furnish 
it  anon  with  new  contents  ;  swear. 

Tri.  By  this  good  light,  this  is  a  very  shallow  monster : 
I  afeard  of  him  ? — a  very  weak  monster : — The  man  i'  the 
moon  ? — a  most  poor  credulous  monster : — Well  drawn, 
monster,  in  good  sooth.21 

Cal.  I'll  shew  thee  every  fertile  inch  o'  the  island  ; 
And  kiss  thy  foot :  I  pr'ythee,  be  my  god. 

Tri.  By  this  light,  a  most  perfidious  and  drunken  mon- 
ster ;  when  his  god's  asleep,  he'll  rob  his  bottle. 

Cal.  I'll  kiss  thy  foot :  I'll  swear  myself  thy  subject. 

Ste.  Come  on  then  ;  down,  and  swear. 

Tri.  I  shall  laugh  myself  to  death  at  this  puppy-headed 
monster  :  A  most  scurvy  monster  !  I  could  find  in  my  heart 
to  beat  him, — 

Ste.  Come,  kiss, 

Tri.  — but  that  the  poor  monster's  in  drink  :  An  abomi- 
nable monster ! 

Cal.  I'll  shew  thee   the   Best  springs;  I'll  pluck  thee 

berries  ; 

I'll  fish  for  thee,  and  get  thee  wood  enough. 
A  plague  upon  the  tyrant  that  I  serve ! 
I'll  bear  him  no  more  sticks,  but  follow  thee, 
Thou  wond'rous  man. 

Tri.  A  most  ridiculous  monster  ;  to  make  a  wonder  of  a 
poor  drunkard. 

Cal.  I  pr'ythee,  let  me  bring  thee  where  crabs  grow  ; 
And  I  with  my  long  nails  will  dig  thee  pig-nuts ; 
Shew  thee  a  jay's  nest,  and  instruct  thee  how 
To  snare  the  nimble  marmozet ;  I'll  bring  thee 
To  clust'ring  filberds,  and  sometimes  I'll  get  thee 
Young  sea-rnells23  from  the  rock :  Wilt  thou  go  with  me  ? 


21  Well  drawn,  monster,   in  good  sooth.]     Caliban  has  just  had 
another  draught  from  Stephano's  bottle  of    "celestial  liquor," 
and  Trinculo  compliments  him  upon  having  taken  so  capital  a 
41  pull,"  or  "  draw." 

22  Sea-metis.]    A  species  of  sea-gulls. 


40  THE  TEMPEST.  [ACT  n. 

Ste.  I  pr'ythee  now,  lead  the  way,  without  any  more 
talking. — Triiiculo,  the  king  and  all  our  company  else  being 
drown'd,   we   will   inherit   here. — Here  ;  bear  my  bottle. 
Fellow  Trinculo,  we'll  fill  him  by  and  by  a?ain. 
Cal.  Farewell,  master;  farewell,  farewell. 

[Sings  drunkenly. 

Tri.  A  howling  monster  ;  a  drunken  monster. 
.  Cal.  No  more  dams  I'll  make  for  fish  ; 
Nor  fetch  in  firing 
At  requiring. 

Nor  scrape  trencher,  nor  wash  dish : 
'Ban  'Ban,  Ca — Caliban, 
Has  a  new  master — Get  a  new  man.23 
Ste.  O  brave  monster  •'  lead  the  way.  \_Exeunt. 


23 Get  a  new  man.']     In  allusion  to  Prospero,  who  must 

new  find  a  new  servant,  as  he  (Caliban)  is  about  to  serve  a  new 
master. 


END    OF   ACT   SECOND. 


ACT  ii.]  THE  TEMPEST.  41 


HISTORICAL  NOTES  TO  ACT  SECOND. 


(A)  I  ivas  the  man  in  the  moon.'}  This  is  a  very  old  superstition, 
founded,  as  Mr.  Ritsoii  has  observed,  on  Numbers  xv.  32.  See 
Ancient  songs,  p.  34.  So  far  the  tradition  is  still  preserved  amongst 
nurses  and  schoolboys  ;  but  how  the  culprit  came  to  be  imprisoned 
in  the  moon,  has  not  yet  been  accounted  for.  It  should  seem  that 
he  had  not  merely  gathered  sticks  on  the  sabbath,  but  that  he 
had  stolen  what  he  gathered,  as  appears  from  the  following  lines  in 
Chaucer's  Testament  of  Creseid,  where  the  poet,  describing  the 
moon,  informs  us  that  she  had 

"  On  her  brest  a  chorle  paiatcd  fal  even 
Bearing  a  bush  of  thorns  on  his  backe, 
Which  Jbr  his  theft  might  climb  no  ner  the  heven." 

Yv^e  are  to  suppose  that  he  was  doomed  to  perpetual  confinement 
in  this  planet,  and  precluded  from  every  possibility  of  inhabiting 
the  mansions  of  the  just.  With  the  Italians,  Cain  appears  to 
have  been  the  offender,  and  he  is  alluded  to  in  a  very  extraordinary 
manner  by  Dante,  in  the  twentieth  canto  of  the  Inferno,  where  the 
moon  is  described  by  the  periphrasis  Caino  e  le  spine.  One  of  the 
commentators  on  that  poet  says,  that  this  alludes  to  the  popular 
opinion  of  Cain  loaded  with  the  bundle  of  faggots  ;  but  how  he 
procured  them  we  are  not  informed.  The  Jews  have  some  Tal- 
mudical  story  that  Jacob  is  in  the  moon,  and  they  believe 
that  his  face  is  visible.  The  natives  of  Ceylon  instead  of  a  man, 
have  placed  a  hare  in  the  moon ;  and  it  is  said  to  have  got  there  in 
the  following  manner  : — Their  great  Deity,  Buddha,  when  a  hermit 
on  earth,  lost  himself  one  day  in  the  forest.  After  wandering  about 
in  great  distress  he  met  a  hare,  who  thus  addressed  him  :  "  It  is 
in  my  power  to  extricate  you  from  your  difficulty  ;  take  the  path 
on  your  right  hand,  and  it  will  lead"  you  out  of  the  forest."  "  I 
am  greatly  obliged  to  you,  Mr.  Hare,"  said  Buddha,  "  but  I  am  un- 
fortunately very  poor  and  very  hungry,  and  have  nothing  to  offer 
you  in  reward  for  your  kindness."  "  If  you  are  hungry,"  returned 
the  hare,  "  I  am  again  at  your  service ;  make  a  fire,  kill  me,  roast  me, 
and  eat  me."  Buddha  made  the  fire,  and  the  hare  instantly  jumped 
into  it.  Buddha  now  exerted  his  miraculous  powers,  snatched  the 
animal  from  the  flames,  and  threw  him  into  the  moon,  where  he  has 
ever  since  remained.  This  is  from  the  information  of  a  learned  and 
intelligent  French  gentleman,  recently  arrived  from  Ceylon,  who 
adds  that  the  Cingalese  would  often  request  of  him  to  permit  them 


42  THE  TEMPEST.  [ACT  u. 

to  look  for  the  hare  through  his  telescope,  and  exclaim  in  raptures 
that  they  saw  it.  It  is  remarkable  that  the  Chinese  represent  the 
moon  by  a  rabbit  pounding  rice  in  a  mortar.  Their  mythological 
moon  Jut-ho  is  figured  by  a  beautiful  young  woman  with  a  double 
sphere  behind  her  head,  and  a  rabbit  at  her  feet.  The  period  of 
this  animal's  gestation  is  thirty  days  ;  may  it  not  therefore  typify 
the  moon's  revolution  round  the  earth  ?— Douce. 


SCENE  i.]  THE  TEMPEST.  43 


ACT  III. 

SCENE  I.— ANOTHER  PART  OF  THE  ISLAND. 

Enter  FERDINAND,  bearing  a  log. 

Per.  There  be  some  sports  are  painful ;  but  their  labour 
Delight  in  them  sets  off  i1  This  ray  mean  task  would  be 
As  heavy  to  me,  as  'tis  odious  ;  but 
The  mistress,  which  I  serve,  quickens  what's  dead, 
And  makes  my  labours  pleasures. 

Enter  MIRA.NDA. 

Mir.  Alas,  now  !  pray  you, 
Work  not  so  hard :  I  would,  the  lightning  had 
Burnt  up  those  logs,  that  you  are  enjoin'd  to  pile ! 

Fer.  Dear  mistress, 

The  sun  will  set,  before  I  shall  discharge 
What  I  must  strive  to  do. 

Mir.  If  you'll  sit  down, 

I'll  bear  your  logs  the  while :  Pray,  give  me  that ; 
I'll  carry  it  to  the  pile.     You  look  wearily. 

Fer.  No,  noble  mistress ;  'tis  fresh  morning  with  me, 
When  you  are  by  at  night.     I  do  beseech  you 
(Chiefly,  that  I  might  set  it  in  my  prayers), 
What  is  your  name  ? 

Mir.  Miranda : — O  my  father, 

I  have  broke  your  hest2  to  say  so  ! 

Fer.  Full  many  a  lady 

I  have  ey'd  with  best  regard.     But  you,  O  you, 


1 but  their  labour  delight  in  tfiem  sets  off:"]   The  same  thought 

is  in  Macbeth — "The  labour  we  delight  in  physicks  pain." 

2  hest]    For  befast,  i.e.,  command. 


44  THE  TEMPEST.  [A.CT  in. 

So  perfect,  and  so  peerless,  are  created 
Of  every  creature's  best.3 

Mir.  I  would  not  wish 

Any  companion  in  the  world  but  you ; 
Nor  can  imagination  form  a  shape, 
Besides  yourself,  to  like  of:  But  I  prattle 
Something  too  wildly,  and  my  father's  precepts 
Therein  forget. 

Fer.  I  am,  in  my  condition, 

A  prince,  Miranda  ;  I  do  think,  a  king  ; 
The  very  instant  that  I  saw  you,  did 
My  heart  fly  to  your  service  ; 
And,  for  your  sake, 
Am  I  this  patient  log-man. 

Mir.  Do  you  love  me  ? 

Fer.  O,  heaven  !  O,  earth !  bear  witness  to  this  sound, 
Beyond  all  limit  of  what  else  i'  the  world,* 
I  love,  prize,  honour  you. 

Mir.  I  am  a  fool, 

To  weep  at  what  I  am  glad  of. 

Fer.  Wherefore  weep  you  ? 

Mir.  At  mine  unworthiness. 
But  this  is  trifling ; 

And  all  the  more  it  seeks5  to  hide  itself, 
The  bigger  bulk  it  shows.     Hence,  bashful  cunning ! 
And  prompt  me,  plain  and  holy  innocence  ! 
I  am  your  wife,  if  you  will  marry  me  ; 
If  not,  I'll  die  your  maid  :  to  be  your  fellow6 
You  may  deny  me  ;  but  I'll  be  your  servant, 
Whether  you  will  or  no. 

Fer.  My  mistress,  dearest, 

And  I  thus  humble  ever. 
Here's  my  hand. 


8  Of  every  creature's  best.]  A  collection  of  the  best  things  pos- 
sessed by  every  other  creature. 

*  of  what  else  i'  the  world,]  i.e.,  of  aught  else;  of  whatever 

else  there  is  in  the  world. 

6  it  seeks]  i.e.,  my  affection  seeks. 

6  to  be  your  fellow'}  i.e.,  companion. 


SCENE  i.]  THE  TEMPEST.  45 

Mir.  And  mine,  with  my  heart  in't :  And  now,  farewell, 
Till  half  an  hour  hence. 

Fer.  A  thousand  !  thousand  ! 

\_Exeunt  FERDINAND  and  MIRANDA. 

Enter  STEPHANO  and  TRINCULO  ;  CALIBAN  following. 

Ste.  Tell  not  me  ; — when  the  butt  is  out,  we  will  drink 
water  ;  not  a  drop  before  :  therefore  bear  up,  and  board 
J em  :7  Servant-monster,  drink  to  me. 

Tri.  Servant-monster  ?  the  folly  of  this  island  !  They 
say,  there's  but  five  upon  this  isle :  we  are  three  of 
them  ;  if  the  other  two  be  brain' d  like  us,  the  state 
totters. 

Ste.  Drink,  servant-monster,  when  I  bid  thee ;  thy  eyes 
are  almost  set  in  thy  head. 

Tri.  Where  should  they  be  set  else  ?  he  were  a  brave 
monster  indeed,  if  they  were  set  in  his  tail. 

Ste.  My  man-monster  hath  drown'd  his  tongue  in  sack : 
for  my  part,  the  sea  cannot  drown  me :  I  swam,  ere  I  could 
recover  the  shore,  five-and-thirty  leagues,  off  and  on,  by 
this  light. — Thou  shalt  be  my  lieutenant,  monster,  or  my 
standard. 

Tir.  Your  lieutenant,  if  you  list ;  he's  no  standard.8 

Ste.  We'll  not  run,  monsieur  monster. 

Tri.  Nor  go  neither :  but  you'll  lie,  like  dogs ;  and  yet 
say  nothing  neither. 

Ste.  Moon-calf,  speak  once  in  thy  life,  if  thou  beest  a 
good  moon-calf. 

Cal.  How  does  thy  honour  ?  Let  me  lick  thy  shoe  :  I'll 
not  serve  him,  he  is  not  valiant. 

Tri.  Thou  liest,  most  ignorant  monster ;  I  am  in  case 
to  justle  a  constable  :  Why,  thou  debauch'd  fish  thou,  was 
there  ever  a  man  a  coward,  that  hath  drunk  so  much  sack  as 
I  to-day  ?  Wilt  thou  tell  a  monstrous  lie,  being  but  half  a 
fish  and  half  a  monster  ? 


7  . and  board  'em:]  a  metaphor  alluding  to  a  chase  at  sea. 

*  — —  he's  no  standard.']  Meaning,  lie  is  so  much  intoxicated,  as 
not  to  be  able  to  stand. 


46  THE   TEMPEST.  [ACT  in. 

Cal.  Lo,  how  he  mocks  me!  wilt  thou  let  him,  my 
lord  ? 

Tri.  Lord,  quoth  he !  that  a  monster  should  be  such  a 
natural ! 

Cal.  Lo,  lo,  again !  bite  him  to  death,  I  pr'ythee. 

Ste.  Trinculo,  keep  a  good  tongue  in  your  head ;  if  you 
prove  a  mutineer,  the  next  tree — The  poor  monster's  my 
subject,  and  he  shall  not  suffer  indignity. 

Cal.  I  thank  my  noble  lord.  Wilt  thou  be  pleas'd  to 
hearken  once  again  the  suit  I  made  thee  ? 

Ste.  Marry  will  I :  kneel,  and  repeat  it;  I  will  stand,  and 
so  shall  Trinculo. 

AEIEL  appears. 

Cal.  As  I  told  thee 
Before,  I  am  subject  to  a  tyrant ; 
A  sorcerer,  that  by  his  cunning  hath 
Cheated  me  of  the  island. 

Ari.  Thou  liest. 

Cal.  Thou  liest,  thou  jesting  monkey,  thou ; 
I  would,  my  valiant  master  would  destroy  thee : 
I  do  not  lie. 

Ste.  Trinculo,  if  you  trouble  him  any  more  in  his  tale,  by 
this  hand,  I  will  suppknt  some  of  your  teeth. 

Tri.  Why,  I  said  nothing. 

Ste.  Mum  then,  and  no  more. — • 
Proceed.  [To  CALIBAN. 

Cal.  I  say,  by  sorcery  he  got  this  isle  : 
From  me  he  got  it.     If  thy  greatness  will 
Revenge  it  on  him — for,  I  know,  thou  dar'st : 
But  this  thing  dare  not. 

Ste.  That's  most  certain. 

Cal.  Thou  shalt  be  lord  of  it,  and  I'll  serve  thee. 

Ste.  How  now  shall  this  be  coinpass'd?  Canst  thou 
brin«-  me  to  the  party  ? 

Cal.  Yea,  yea,  my  lord ;  I'll  yield  him  thee  asleep, 
Where  thou  may'st  knock  a  nail  into  his  head. 

Ari.  Thou  liest,  thou  canst  not. 


acsxs  i.]  THE   TEMPEST.  47 

Cal.  What  a  py'd  ninny's  this  ?3     Thou  scurvy  patch  !— 
I  do  beseech  thy  greatness,  give  him  blows, 
And  take  his  bottle  from  him  :  when  that's  gone, 
He  shall  drink  nought  but  brine ;  for  I'll  not  shew  him 
Where  the  quick  freshes  are. 

Ste.  Trinculo,  run  into  no  further  danger :  interrupt  the 
monster  one  word  further,  and,  by  this  hand,  I'll  turn 
my  mercy  out  of  doors,  and  make  a  stock-fish  of  thee. 

Tri.  Why,  what  did  I  r  I  did  nothing ;  I'll  go  further 
off. 

Ste.  Didst  thou  not  say,  he  lied  ? 

Ari.  Thou  liest. 

Sts.  Do  I  so  ?  take  thou  that.  [Strikes  him.']  As  you 
like  this,  give  me  the  lie  another  time. 

Tri.  I  did  not  give  the  lie  : — Out  o'your  wits,  and  hearing 

too  ? A    plague  o'    your  bottle !     this  can   sack,  and 

drinking  do. — A  murrain  on  your  monster,  and  the  devil 
take  your  fingers ! 

Cal.  Ha,  Ha,  Ha  ! 

Ste.  Now,  forward  with  your  tale.  Pr'ythee  stand  further 
off. 

Cal.  Beat  him  enough :  after  a  little  time, 
I'll  beat  him  too. 

Ste.  Stand  further. — Come,  proceed. 

Cal.  Why,  as  I  told  thee,  'tis  a  custom  with  him, 
I'the  afternoon  to  sleep  :  there  thou  may'st  brain  him, 
Having  first  seized  his  books ;  or  with  a  log 
Batter  his  skull,  or  paunch  him  with  a  stake, 
Or  cut  his  wezand10  with  thy  knife  :  Remember, 
First  to  possess  his  books  ;u  for  without  them 
He's  but  a  sot,  as  I  am,  nor  hath  not 
One  spirit  to  command. 


What  a  py'd  ninmfs  this  ?]      In  allusion  to  the  party-coloured 
dress  worn  by  Trinculo,  the  jester. 

10   Wezand]  i.e.,    throat. 

1  Remember,  first  to  possess  his  books  /]  In  the  old  romances,  the 
sorcerer  is  always  furnished  with  a  boot:,  by  reading  certain  parts 
of  which  he  is  enabled  to  summon  to  his  aid  whatever  demons  or 
spirits  he  has  occasion  to  employ.  When  he  is  deprived  of  his 
look,  his  power  ceases. 


48  THE  TEMPEST.  [ACT  in. 

Ste.  Monster,  I  will  kill  this  man :  his  daughter  and  I 
will  be  king  and  queen ;  (save  our  graces !)  and  Trinculo 
and  thyself  shall  be  vice-roys : — Dost  thou  like  the  plot, 
Trinculo  ? 

Tri.  Excellent. 

Ste.  Give  me  thy  hand;  I  am  sorry  I  beat  thec:  but, 
while  thou  liv'st,  keep  a  good  tongue  in  thy  head. 

Cal.  Within  this  half-hour  will  he  be  asleep ; 
Wilt  thou  destroy  him  then  ? 

Ste.  Ay,  on  mine  honour. 

Ari.  This  will  I  tell  my  master. 

Cal.  Thou  mak'st  me  merry  :  I  am  full  of  pleasure  ; 
Let  us  be  jocund  :  Will  you  troll  the  catch l3 
You  taught  me  but  while-ere  ? 

Ste.  At  thy  request,  monster,  I  will  do  reason,  any 
reason :  Come  on,  Trinculo,  let  us  sing.  [_Sings. 

Floufem,  and  skoufem;  and  shout* em,  and  flout1  em  ; 

Thought  is  free. 

Cal.  That's  not  the  tune. 

[  The  tune  is  played  on  a  tabor  and  pipe,  by  ARIEL 
invisible. 

Ste.  What  is  this  same  ? 

Tri.  This  is  the  tune  of  our  catch,  played  by  the  picture 
of  No-body. 

Sle.  If  thou  beest  a  man,  shew  thyself  in  thy  likeness  :  if 
thou  beest  a  devil,  take  't  as  thou  list. 

Tri.  O,  forgive  me  my  sins  ! 

Ste.  He  that  dies  pays  all  debts  :  I  defy  thee : — Mercy 
upon  us ! 

Cal.  Art  thou  afeard?13 

Ste.  No,  monster,  not  I. 

Cal.  Be  not  afeard ;  the  isle  is  full  of  noises, 
Sounds,  and  sweet  airs,  that  give  delight,  and  hurt  not. 
Sometimes  a  thousand  twangling  instruments 
Will  hum  about  mine  ears  ;  and  sometime  voices, 
That,  if  I  then  had  wak'd  after  long  sleep, 


13  'Will  you  troll  the  catch]    Will  you  put  about  the  song  in 

a  like  jovial  manner  ? — NARES. 

13  Art  thou  afear<n]  To  afear  is  an  obsolete  verb. 


SCKXE  I. 


THE  TEMPEST.  49 


Will  make  me  sleep  again  :  and  then,  in  dreaming, 
The  clouds,  methought,  would  open,  and  shew  riches 
Ready  to  drop  upon  me ;  that,  when  I  wak'd, 
I  cry'd  to  dream  again. 

Ste.  This  will  prove  a  brave  kingdom  to  me,  where  I 
shall  have  my  music  for  nothing. 

Cal.  When  Prospero  is  destroy'd. 

Ste.  That  shall  be  by  and  by :  I  remember  the  story. 

Tri.  The  sound  is  going  away ;  let's  follow  it,  and  after, 
do  our  work. 

Ste.  Lead,  monster  ;  we'll  follow. — I  would,  I  could  see 
this  taborer :  he  lays  it  on.     Wilt  come  ? 

Tri.  I  follow,  Stephano.  [Exeunt. 

Entir  ALONSO,  SEBASTIAN,  ANTONIO,  GONZALO,  ADRIAN, 
FRANCISCO,  and  others. 

Gon.  3y'r  lakin,14 1  can  go  no  further,  Sir; 
My  old  bones  ache  :  here  by  your  patience, 
I  needs  must  rest  me. 

Alo.  Old  lord,  I  cannot  blame  thee, 

Who  am  myself  attach'd  with  weariness, 
To  the  dulling  of  my  spirits :  sit  down,  and  rest. 
Even  here  I  will  put  off  my  hope,  and  keep  it 
No  longer  for  my  flatterer :  he  is  drown'd, 
Whom  thus  we  stray  to  find  :  and  the  sea  mocks 
Our  frustrate15  search  on  land  ;  Well  let  him  go. 

Ant.  I  am  right  glad  that  he's  so  out  of  hope. 

[Aside  to  SEBASTIAN. 
Do  not,  for  one  repulse,  forego  the  purpose 
That  you  resolv'd  to  effect. 

Seb.  The  next  advantage 

Will  we  take  thoroughly. 

Ant.  Let  it  be  to-night ; 

For,  now  they  are  oppress'd  with  travel,  they 
Will  not,  nor  cannot,  use  such  vigilance, 
As  when  they  are  fresh. 

Seb.  I  say  to-night :  no  more. 

[Solemn  Music. 

14  By'r  lakin,]  The  dimunitive  of  our  lady';  Id.  est.,  Hdykin. 
18   Our  frustrate  search']  Frustrate — frustrated. 
D 


50  THE  TEMPEST.  [ACT  in. 

Alo.  What  harmony  is  this  ?  my  good  friends,  hark  ! 
Gon.  Marvellous  sweet  music ! 

THE    SCENE    IS    GRADUALLY    TRANSFORMED   FROM 

BARRENNESS  TO  LUXURIANT  VEGETATION. 

AFTER   -WHICH 

ENTER  MANY  STRANGE  SHAPES,  BEARING  FRUIT 
AND  FLOWERS, 

WITH  WHICH  THEY  FORM  A  BANQUET, 

AND    DISAPPEAR. 

Alo.  Give  us  kind  keepers,  heavens ! 
What  were  these ! 

Fra.  They  vanish'd  strangely. 

Seb.  No  matter,  since 

They  have  left  their  viands  behind  ;  for  we  have  stomachs. — 
Wil't  please  you  taste  of  what  is  here  ? 

Gon.  If  in  Naples 
I  should  report  this  now,  would  they  believe  me  ? 

Alo.  I  will  stand  to  and  feed, 
Although  my  last :  no  matter,  since  I  feel 
The  best  is  past : — Brother,  my  lord  the  duke, 
Stand  to,  and  do  as  we. 

THUNDER  AND   LIGHTNING. 

ARIEL  rises  like   a  Harpy.  (A) 

Ari.  You  are  three  men  of  sin,  whom  destiny 
(That  hath  to  instrument  this  lower  world, 1G 
And  what  is  in't)  the  never-surfeited  sea 
Hath  caused  to  belch  up  ;    and  on  this  island 
Where  man  doth  not  inhabit :  you  'mongst  men 
Being  most  unfit  to  live. 

[Seeing    ALONSO,    SEBASTIOX,  ^c.,  draw    their 

swords. — (  Thunder.) 
You  fools  !  I  and  my  fellows 
Are  ministers  of  fate ;  but,  remember, 
(For  that's  my  business  to  you,)  that  you  three 
From  Milan  did  supplant  good  Prospero  ; 

18  That  hath  to  instrument  this  lower  world,]  id  rst.t  that  makes  use 
of  this  world,  and  everything  in  it,  as  its  instruments  to  bring 
about  its  ends. 


SCENE  i.]  THE  TEMPEST.  51 

Expos' d  unto  the  sea,  which  hath  requit  it, 

Him,  and  his  innocent  child :  for  which  foul  deed 

Ling'ring  perdition  (worse  than  any  death 

Can  be  at  once,)  shall  step  hy  step  attend 

You,  and  your  ways  ;  whose  wraths  to  guard  you  from 

(Which  here,  in  this  most  desolate  isle,  else  falls 

Upon  your  heads,)  is  nothing,  but  heart's  sorrow, 

And  a  clear  life  ensuing.17  [He  vanishes  in  thunder. 

Alo.  O,  it  is  monstrous  !  monstrous  ! 

Methought,  the  billows  spoke,  airl  told  me  of  it; 
The  winds  did  sing  it  to  me ;  and  the  thunder, 
That  deep  and  dreadful  organ-pipe,  pronounc'd 
The  name  of  Prosper ;  it  did  bass  my  trespass.18 
Therefore  my  son  i'the  ooze  is  bedded ;  and 
I'll  seek  him  deeper  than  e'er  plummet  sounded, 
And  with  him  there  lie  mudded.  \_Exit. 

Seb.  But  one  fiend  at  a  time, 

I'll  fight  their  legions  o'er. 

Ant.  I'll  be  thy  second. 

[Exeunt  SEBASTIAN  and  ANTONIO. 

Gon.  All  three  of  them  are  desperate  ;    their  great  guilt, 
Like  poison  given  to  work  a  great  time  after,  (B) 
Now  'gins  to  bite  the  spirits  : — I  do  beseech  you 
That  are  of  suppler  joints,  follow  them  swiftly, 
And  hinder  them  from  what  this  ecstacy19 
May  now  provoke  them  to. 

Adr.  Follow,  I  pray  you. 

[Exeunt. 

MUSIC.     THE  SHAPES,  See.,  RE-APPEAR.20 

DANCE. 

17  And  a  clear  life  ensuing.']  i.  e.,  a  miserable  state,  which  nothing 
but  contrition  and  amendment  of  life  can  avert. 

18  it  did  bass  my  trespass.]     It  gave  the  bass  notes  to  my 

trespass. 

19 this  ecslacy~\  Alienation  of  mind — madness — in  this  sense 

the  word  is  now  obsolete. 

20  Satyrs  are  described  as  always  joining  in  the  dances  ami 
revels  of  nymphs. 

END    OF   ACT   THIRD. 

D  2 


52  THE  TEMPEST.  [ACT  in. 


HISTORICAL  NOTES  TO  ACT  THIRD. 


(A)  Ariel  rises  like  a  Harpy."]    Pantomimes  were  exhibited  in 
France  and  Italy,  and  were  known  and  instituted  in  this  country. 

Flying,  rising,  and  descending  services  were  to  be  found  at 
-entertainments  given  by  the  Duke  of  Burgundy,  £c.,  in  1453,  and 
by  the  Grand  Duke  of 'Tuscany,  in  1600,  &c. 

(B)  Like  pois»n  given  to  work  a.  great  time  after,]  The  natives  of 
Africa  have  been  supposed  to  be  possessed  of  the  secret  how  to 
temper  poisons  with  such  art  as  not  to  operate  till  several  years 
after  they  were  administered.    Their  drugs  were  then  as  certain  in 
their  effect  as  subtle  in  their  preparation.      So,  in  the  celebrated 
libel  called  Leicester's  Commonwealth  :  "  I  heard  him  once  myselfe 
in  publique  act  at  Oxford,  and  that  in  presence  of  my  Lord  of  Leices- 
ter, maintain  that  poyson  might  be  so  tempered  "and  given,  as  it 
should  not  appear  presently,  and  yet  should  kill  the  party  after- 
wards at  what  time  should  be  appointed." — Stecvens. 


SCENE  i.]  THE  TEMPEST.  53 


ACT  IV. 

SCENE  I.— PROSPERO'S  CELL. 
Enter  PROSPERO,  FERDINAND,  and  MIRANDA. 

Pro.  If  I  have  too  austerely  punish' d  you, 
Your  compensation  makes  amends;,  for  I 
Have  given  you  here  a  thread  of  mine  own  life, 
Or  that  for  which  I  live  ;  all  thy  vexations 
Were  but  my  trials  of  thy  love,  and  thou 
Hast  strangely  stood  the  test  :l  here,  afore  Heaven, 
I  ratify  this  my  rich  gift.     O  Ferdinand, 
Do  not  smile  at  me,  that  I  boast  her  off, 
For  thou  shalt  find  she  will  outstrip  all  praise, 
And  make  it  halt  behind  her. 

Fer.  I  do  believe  it, 

A  gainst  an  oracle. 

Pro.  Then,  as  my  gift,  and  thine  own  acquisition 
Worthily  purchasYl,  take  my  daughter  :  So 
Sit  then,  and  talk  with  her,  she  is  thine  own. — 
What,  Ariel ;  my  industrious  servant,  Ariel ! 

[ARIEL  appears. 

An.  What  would  my  potent  master  ?  here  I  am. 

Pro.  Thou  and  thy  meaner  fellows  your  last  service 
Did  worthily  perform  ;  and  I  must  use  you 
In  such  another  trick  :  go,  bring  the  rabble,3 
O'er  whom  I  give  thee  power,  here,  to  this  place  : 
Incite  them  to  quick  motion ;  for  I  must 
Bestow  upon  the  eyes  of  this  young  couple 


j_ strangely  stood  the  test :]  Strangely  is  here  used  as  a  term  of 

commendation. — "  Thou  hast  wonderfully  stood  the  test." 

*  go,  bring  the  rabble,']  The  crew  of  meaner  spirits. 


54  THE  TEMPEST.  [ACT  IT. 

Some  vanity  of  mine  art ; 3  it  is  my  promise, 
And  they  expect  it  from  me. 

Ari,  Presently?* 

Pro.  Ay,  with  a  twink. 

Ari.  Before  you  can  say,  Come,  and  go, 
And  breathe  twice ;  and  cry,  so,  so  ; 
Each  one,  tripping  on  his  toe, 
Will  be  here  with  mop  arid  mowe :° 
Do  you  love  me,  master  ?  no. 

Pro.  Dearly,  my  delicate  Ariel :  Do  not  approach, 
Till  thou  dost  hear  me  call. 

An.  Well  I  conceive.  [Disappears. 

Pro.  No  tongue ; r>  all  eyes ;  be  silent.          [Soft  music. 


A     MASQUE.  (A) 

IKIS(B)  appears  floating  in  mid-air,  and  is  passed  by  VENUS(C) 

and  CUPID,  (D)  "  cutting  the  clouds  towards  Paphos"  in  a 

dove-drawn  car. 

VIEW    OF    ELEUSIS(E)    AND    ITS    TEMPLE, 

DEDICATED  TO  THE  GODDESS  CERES. 

Iri.  Ceres,  most  bounteous  lady,  thy  rich  leas 
Of  wheat,  rye,  barley,  vetches,  oats,  and  peas  ; 
Thy  banks  with  pioned  and  till'd7  brims, 
Which  spungy  April  at  thy  hest  betrims, 
To  make  cold  nymphs  chaste  crowns. 
The  Queen  o'  the  sky, 
Whose  watery  arch,  and  messenger  am  I, 
Bids  thee  leave  these  ;  and  with  her  sovereign  grace, 

a  vanity  of  mine  art ;]  i.  e.,  illusion  of  mine  art. 

4  Presently  ?1  Now  ?  at  once  r 

5  with  mop  and  moire :]     A  colloquial  corruption  of  mocks 

and  mouths. 

c  No  tongue ;]  Those  who  are  present  at  incantations  are  obliged 
to  be  strictly  silent,  "  else,"  as  we  are  afterwards  told,  "  the  spell 
is  marred." — JOHNSON. 

7  with  pioned  andtilFd  brims,]  Till'd  refeis  to  cultivation 

by  "pioning''  or  digging.— COLLIER. 


SCEXE  i.]  THE  TEMPEST.  55 

Here  on  this  grass  plot,  in  this  very  place, 
To  come  and  sport  :  her  peacocks  fly  amain  ; 
Approach,  rich  Ceres,  her  to  entertain. 

Enter  CERES.  (F) 

Cer.  Hail,  many  coloured  messenger,  that  ne'er 
Dost  disobey  the  wife  of  Jupiter  ; 
Who,  with  thy  saffron  wings,  upon  my  flowers 
Diffusest  honey-drops,  refreshing  showers  ; 
And  with  each  end  of  thy  blue  bow  dost  crown 
My  bosky  acres,8  and  my  unshrubb'd  down, 
Rich  scarf  to  my  proud  earth :  Why  hath  thy  queen 
Summon'd  me  hither,  to  this  short-grass'd  green  ? 

Iri.  A  contract  of  true  love  to  celebrate  ; 
And  some  donation  freely  to  bestow 
On  the  bless'd  lovers 

Cer.  Tell  me,  heavenly  bow, 

If  Venus,  or  her  son,  as  thou  dost  know, 
Do  now  attend  the  queen  :  since  they  did  plot9 
The  means,  that  dusky  Dis10  my  daughter  got, 
Her  and  her  blind  boy's  scandal'd  company 
I  have  forsworn. 

Iri.  Of  her  society 

Be  not  afraid  ,  I  met  her  deity 
Cutting  the  clouds  towards  Paphos ;  and  her  son 
Dove-drawn  with  her. 

Cer.  Highest  queen  of  state, 

Great  Juno  comes  :  I  know  her  by  her  gait. 

JUNO    DESCENDS,(G) 

ACCOMPANIED   BY 

THE    GRACES  (H)   AND    THE    SEASONS  (K) 

•WITH    OTHER   SPIRITS. 

8  My  bosky  acres,]  Woody  acres,  or  fields  divided  from  each, 
other  by  hedge-rows. 

o  since  they  did  plot 

Tlie.  means,  that  dusky  Dis  my  daughter  qof,~\  An  allusion  to  her 
daughter  Proserpine  (Persephone),  being  carried  off  by  Acidoneus 
(Pluto). 

0  dufl-y  Dis']  Dis  is  contracted  from  Dives,  a  name  some- 
times given  to  Pluto. 


5<>  THE  TEMPEST.  [ACT  iv. 

Fer.  This  is  a  most  majestic  vision,  and 
Harmonious  charmingly  :  May  I  be  bold 
To  think  these  spirits  ? 

Pro.  Spirits,  which  by  mine  art 

I  have  from  their  confines  call'd  to  enact 
My  present  fancies. 

Fer.  Let  me  live  here  ever ; 

So  rare  a  wonder' d  father,11  and  a  wife, 
Make  this  place  Paradise. 

Pro.  Sweet  now,  silence  : 

There's  something  else  to  do  :  hush,  and  be  mute, 
Or  else  our  spell  is  marr'd. 

Jun.  You  nymphs,  call'd  Naiads,  of  the  wand'ring  brooks, 
With  your  sedg'd  crowns,  and  ever-harmless  looks, 
Leave  your  crisp  channels,12  and  on  this  green  land 
Answer  your  summons  ;  Juno  does  command. 

Enter  certain  NYMPHS.  (K) 
You  sun-burn'd  sicklemen,  of  August  weary, 
Come  hither  from  the  furrow  and  be  merry ; 
Make  holy-day  :  your  rye  straw  hats  put  on, 
And  these  fresh  nymphs  encounter  every  one 
In  country  footing. 

SONG. 
Jun.    Honour,  riches,  marriage-blessing, 

Long  continuance,  and  increasing, 

Hourly  joys  be  still  upou  you  ! 

Juno  sings  her  blessing  on  you. 
Cer.     Vines,  with  clust'ring  bunches  growing  : 

Plants,  with  goodly  burden  bowing  ; 

Rain  come  to  you,  at  the  farthest, 

In  the  very  end  of  harvest ! 

Earth's  increase,  and  foison  plenty ; 13 

Barns  and  garners  never  empty. 

11 a  wonder'd  father,]  A  father  able  to  produce  such 

wonders. 

*3  your  crisp  channels,]  Crisp  is  sometimes  used  for  curling 

or  winding,  but  in  the  present  instance  the  word  may  be  understood 
to  denote  the  curl  raised  by  a  breeze  on  the  surface  of  the  water. 

13  Earth's  increase,  and  foison  plenty ;]  The  produce  of  the  earth 
and  (foison')  plenty  to  the  utmost  abundance. 


SCENE  i.]  THE   TEMPEST.  57 

Scarcity,  and  want,  shall  shun  you  ; 
Ceres'  blessing  so  is  on  you. 

CHORUS. 
The  REAPERS  join  with  the  NYMPHS  in  a  dance.  f 

At  end  of  chorus,  PROSPERO  starts  suddenly,  and  speaks. 

Pro.— [To    the    Spirits:']      Well    done ;  — avoid  :•— 
no  more.  [Spirits  vanish. 

[Aside."]  I  had  forgot  that  foul  conspiracy 
Of  the  beast  Caliban,  and  his  confederates, 
Against  my  life  ;  the  minute  of  their  plot 
Is  almost  come. 

Fer.  This  is  most  strange  :  your  father's  in  some  passion 
That  works  him  strongly. 

Mir.  Never  till  this  da}r, 

Saw  I  him  touch'd  with  anger  so  distemper'd. 

fro.  You  do  look,  my  son,  in  a  mov'd  sort, 
As  if  you  were  dismay'd  :  be  cheerful,  sir  : 
Our  revels  now  are  ended  :  these  our  actors, 
As  I  foretold  you,  were  all  spirits,  and 
Are  melted  into  air — into  thin  air  : 
And,  like  the  baseless  fabric  of  this  vision, 
The  cloud- capt  towers,  the  gorgeous  palaces, 
The  solemn  temples,  the  great  globe  itself, 
Yea,  all  which  it  inherit,14  shall  dissolve  ; 
And,  like  this  insubstantial  pageant  faded,15 
Leave  not  a  rack  behind  :16  We  are  such  stuff 
As  dreams  are  made  of,  and  our  little  life 
Is  rounded  with  a  sleep. — Sir,  I  am  vex'd;  i 

Bear  with  my  weakness ;  my  old  brain  is  troubled. 
Be  not  disturb'd  with  my  infirmity  : 
If  you  be  pleas'd,  retire  into  my  cell, 


14  alt  which  it  inherit,]  All  who  possess,  who  dwell  upon  it. 

15  faded,']  Vanished. 

16  Leave  not  a  rack  behind:]     Leave  not  a  trace— leave  not  the 
smallest  particle  of  a  feathery  cloud  behind. 


58  THE  TEMPEST.  [ACT  iv. 

And  there  repose  ;  a  turn  or  two  I'll  walk, 
To  still  my  beating  mind. 

,f/    J  We  wish  you  peace.         [Exeunt. 

Pro.  Come  with  a  thought : — I  thank  you  : — Ariel,  come. 

[ABIEL  appears. 

Ari.  Thy  thoughts  I  cleave  to  :17     What's  thy  pleasure  ? 

Pro.  Spirit, 

We  must  prepare  to  meet  with  Caliban.18 

Ari.  Ay,  my  commander  ! 

Pro.  Say  again,  where  didst  thou  leave  these  varlets  r 

Ari.  I  told  you,  sir,  they  were  red-hot  with  drinking  ; 
So  full  of  valour,  that  they  smote  the  air 
For  breathing  in  their  faces  ;  beat  the  ground 
For  kissing  of  their  feet :  yet  always  bending 
Towards  their  project ;  so  I  charm'd  their  ears, 
That,  calf-like,  they  my  lowing  follow'd,  through 
Tooth'd  briers,  sharp  furzes,  pricking  goss,  and  thorns, 
Which  entered  their  frail  shins  :  at  last  I  left  them 
I'  the  filthy-mantled  pool  beyond  your  cell, 
There  dancing  up  to  their  chins  in  the  foul  lake. 

Pro.  This  was  well  done,  my  bird ; 
Thy  shape  invisible  retain  thou  still : 
The  trumpery  in  my  house,  go,  bring  it  hither, 
For  staleiy  to  catch  these  thieves. 

Ari.  I  go,  I  go.          [Disappears. 

Pro.  A  devil,  a  born  devil,  on  whose  nature 
Nurture20  can  never  stick ;  on  whom  my  pains, 
Humanely  taken,  are  all  lost,  quite  lost ; 
And  as,  with  age,  his  body  uglier  grows, 
So  his  mind  cankers :  I  will  plague  them  all, 

[ARIEL  re-appears,  loaded  with  glittering  apparel.,  fyc. 

17  Thy  thoughts  I  cleave  to :]  To  cleave  to,  is  to  unite  with  closely. 

18   to  meet  with  Caliban. ,]  To  counteract  Caliban. 

1 9  For  stale]  Stale  is  a  word  infolding,  and  is  used  to  mean  a  bait 
or  decoy  to  catch  birds. 

20  Nurture  can  never  stick ;]     Nurture  is  education. 


SCENE  i.]  THE  TEMPEST.  59 

Even  to  roaring  :  —  Come,  place  them  on  this  seat. 
Go  charge  my  goblins  that  they  grind  their  joints 
With  dry  convulsions  ;  shorten  up  their  sinews 
With  aged  cramps  ;  and  more  pinch-spotted  make  them, 
Than  pard,21  or  cat  o'  mountain. 

Ari.  They  shall  roar. 

Pro.  Let  them  be  hunted  soundly  :  at  this  hour 
Lie  at  my  mercy  all  mine  enemies  ; 
Shortly  shall  all  my  labours  end,  and  thou 
Shalt  have  the  air  at  freedom  :  for  a  little, 
.Follow,  and  do  me  service.  \_Exeunt. 

Enter  CALIBAN,  STEPHANO,  and  TKINCULO, 
iv  et  and  muddy. 

Cal.  Pray  you,  tread  softly,  that  the  blind  mole  may  not 
Hear  a  foot  fall  :'•"  we  now  are  near  his  cell. 

Sic.  Monster,  your  fairy,  which,  you  say,  is  a  harmless 
fairy,  has  done  little  better  than  play'd  the  Jack  with  us.23 

Tri   Monster,  I  do  smell  all  horse-pond,  at  which  my  nose 
is  in  great  indignation. 

Ste.  So  is  mine.     Do  you  hear,  monster  ?     If  I  should 
take  a  displeasure  against  you  ;  look  you,  — 

Tri.  Thou  wert  but  a  lost  monster. 

Cal.  Good,  my  lord,  give  me  thy  favour  still: 
Be  patient,  for  the  prize  I'll  bring  thee  to 
Shall  hood-wink  this  mischance  :  therefore,  speak  softly  ; 
All  hush'd  as  midnight  yet. 

Tri.  Ay,  but  to  lose  our  bottles  in  the  pool  — 

Ste.  There  is  not  only  disgrace  and  dishonour  in  that, 
monster,  but  an  infinite  loss. 

Tri.  That's  more  to  me  than  my  wetting  :    yet  this  is 
your  harmless  fairy,  monster. 


Leopard. 

2  ~  that  the  Lllndmole  may  not  hear  a  footfall  :]    The  mole  is  supposed 
to  possess  the  quality  of  hearing  to  a  high  degree. 

23  -  plaiidilic  Jack  with  us.]  Jack  with  a  lantern;  has  led  us 
about  like  an  ignis  fatuus. 


60  THE  TEMPEST.  [ACT  iv, 

Ste.  I  will  fetch  off  my  bottle,  though  I  be  o'er  ears  for 
my  labour. 

Cal.  Pr'ythee,  my  king,  be  quiet.     See'st  thou  here, 
This  is  the  inner  cell :  no  noise,  and  enter  : 
Do  that  good  mischief,  which  may  make  this  island 
Thine  own  for  ever,  and  I,  thy  Caliban, 
For  aye  thy  foot-licker. 

Ste.  Give  me   thy   hand:    I   do  begin  to  have  bloody 
thoughts. 

Tri.  O,  King    Stephano!      O,   peer!     O,  worthy  Ste- 
phano !  look,  Avhat  a  wardrobe  here  is  for  thee ! 

Cal.  Let  it  alone,  thou  fool;  it  is  but  trash. 

Tri.  O,  ho !  monster ;  we  know  what  belongs  to  a  frip- 
pery.24    O,  King  Stephano ! 

Ste.  Put  off  that  gown,  Trinculo ;  by  this  hand,  I'll  have 
that  gown. 

Tri.  Thy  grace  shall  have  it. 

Cal.  The  dropsy  drown  this  fool !  what  do  you  mean, 
To  doat  thus  on  such  luggage  ?     Let's  along, 
And  do  the  murder  first :  if  he  awake, 
From  toe  to  crown,  he'll  fill  our  skin  with  pinches; 
Make  us  strange  stuff. 

Ste.  Be  you  quiet,  monster, 

Cal.  We  shall  lose  our  time, 
And  all  be  turn'd  to  barnacles,25  or  to  apes 
With  foreheads  villainous  low.26 

Ste.  Monster,   lay-to   your   fingers  ;    help  to  bear  this 


24  a  frippery.*]    A.  frippery  was  a  shop  where  old  clothes 

•were  sold,  and  the  person  who  kept  one  of  these  shops  was  called 
a  fripper.      Strype,  in  the  Life  of  Stowe,  says,  that  these  frippers 
lived  in  Birchin-lane  and  Cornhill. 

25  — —  turn  (I  to  barnacles,']    The  barnacle  is  a  kind  of  shell  fish, 
growing  on  a  flexible  stem,  and  adhering  to  loose  timber,  bottoms 
of  ships,  &c.,  anciently  supposed  to  turn  into  a  Solan  goose. 
Whether  the  fish  or  the  bird  be  meant  in  the  above  passage,  is  not 
clear. — NAHES'S  GLOSSARY. 

26  With  foreheads  villainous  loic.~\    Low  foreheads  were  anciently 
reckoned  amongst  deformities. — STEEVENS. 


SCENE  i.]  THE  TEMPEST.  61 

away,  where  my  hogshead  of  wine  is,  or  I'll  turn  you  out  of 
my  kingdom :  go  to,  carry  this. 

Tri.  And  this. 

Ste.  Ay,  and  this. 

A  NOISE  OF  HUNTERS  HEARD. 
ENTER  DIVERS  SPIRITS,  IN  VARIOUS  SHAPES, 

AND   HUNT   THEJI   ABOUT; 

ARIEL,  FLYING  ON  A  BAT'S  BACK, 

SETTING   THEM    ON. 


END    OF    ACT   FOURTH. 


THE  TEMPEST.  [ACT  iv. 


HISTORICAL  NOTES  TO  ACT  FOURTH. 


(A)  A  Masque."]  The  ancient  English  payccwts  were  shows  exhibit- 
ed on  the  reception  of  a  prince,  or  any  other  solemnity  of  a  similar 
kind.     They  were  presented  on  occasional  stages  erected  in  the 
street.     Originally  they  appear  to  have  been  nothing  more  than 
dumb  shows  ;  but  before  the  time  of  our  author,  they  had  been  en- 
livened by  the  introduction  of  speaking  personages,  who  were  cha- 
racteristically habited.  The  speeches  were  sometimes  in  Terse  ;  and 
as  the  procession  movedforward,  the  speakers,  who  constantly  bore 
some  allusion  to  the  ceremony,  either  conversed  together  in  the 
form  of  a  dialogue,  or  addressed  the  noble  person  whose  presence 
occasioned  the  celebrity.     On  these  allegorical  spectacles  very 
costly  ornaments  were  bestowed.     When  King  James   and  his 
Queen  passed  from  the  Tower  to  Westminster,  seven  gates  or 
arches  were  erected  in  different  places,  through  which  the  pro- 
cession passed.     Over  the  first  gate  "  was  represented  the  true 
likeness  of  all  the  notable  houses,  TOWERS  and  steeples,  within  the 
citie  of  London."  "  The  sixt  arche  or  gate  of  triumph  was  erected 
above  the  Conduit  in  Fleete-Streete,  whereon  the  GLOBE  of  the 
world  was  seen  to  move,  &c.     At  Temple-bar  a  seaventh  arche  or 
gate  was  erected,  the  fore-front  whereof  was  proportioned  in  every 
respect  like  a  TEMPLE,  being  dedicated  to  Janus,  &c.    The  citie  o"f 
Westminster,  and  dutchy  of  Lancaster,  at  the  Strand  had  erected 
the  invention  of  a  Rainbow,  the  moone,  sunne,  audstarres,  advanc  - 
ed  between  two  Pyramides,  &c."     AXXALS,  p.  1129,  edit.  160-5. — 
Malone. 

(B)  Iris,  is  described  by  Homer  in  the  Iliad  as  the  messenger  of 
the  Gods,  especially  of  Zeus  and  Hera  (Jupiter  and  Juno).      Iris 
appears  to  have  been  originally  the  personification  of  the  rainbow  : 
for  this  brilliant  phenomenon  in  the  skies,  which  vanishes  as  quickly 
as  it  appears,  was  regarded  as  the  swift  messenger  of  the  Gods. 
Some  poets  describe  Iris  as  the  rainbow  itself;  but  other  writers 
represent  the  rainbow  as  only  the  road  on  which  Iris  travels.    Iris 
is  represented  in  works  of  art  dressed  in  a  long  tunic,  with  wings 
attached  to  her  shoulders,  and  carrying  the  Herald's  staff  in  her 
left  hand. 

(c)  Venus — amongst  the  Romans  the  goddess  of  love  and  beauty, 
ana  under  the  name  of  Aphrodite,  one  of  the  great  divinities  of  the 


ACT  iv.]  THE   TEMPEST. 

Greeks.  Her  worship  AVRS  of  Eastern  origin  ;  and  probably  in- 
troduced by  the  Phoenicians  to  the  island  of  Cyprus,  Cvthera,  and 
others,  from  whence  it  spread  all  over  Greece.  She  appears  to 
have  been  originally  identical  with  Astarte,  called  by  the  Hebrews, 
Ashtoreth.  The  sparrow,  the  dove,  the  swan,  and  the  swallow, 
are  mentioned  as  drawing  her  chariot,  or  serving  as  her  messengers. 

(D)  Cupid,  son  of  Jupiter  and  Venus,  a  celebrated  deity  amongst; 
the  ancients— God  of  love  and  love  itself — described  as  a  lively 
ingenious  youth,  and  represented  as  a  winged  infant,  naked,  armed 
with  a  bow,  and  quiver  full  of  arrows. 

(E)  Eleusis,  a  town  of  Attica,  situate  N.  W.  of  Athens.      It 
possessed  a  magnificent  temple  of  Demeter  (Ceres),  and  it  gave 
its  name  to  the  great  festival  of  the  Eleusinia,   which  was  cele- 
brated in  honour  of  Demeter  (Ceres)  and  her  daughter  Tersephone. 

(r)  Ceres,  under  the  name  of  Demeter,  one  of  the  greatest 
divinities  of  the  Greeks — was  the  goddess  of  the  earth,  and  her 
name  probably  signified  mother-earth.  She  was  the  protectress  of 
agriculture,  and  of  all  the  fruits  of  the  earth.  The  Romans 
received  from  Sicily  the  worship  of  Demeter,  to  whom  they  gave 
the  name  of  Ceres. 

In  works  of  art,  Demeter  is  represented  wearing  around  her 
head  a  garland  of  corn-ears  ;  and  in  her  hand  she  held  a  sceptre 
of  corn- ears  or  a  poppy. 

(G)  Juno — this  goddess  was  worshipped  under  the  name  of 
Juno  at  Rome,  as  the  queen  of  heaven,  but  was  called  Hera  by 
the  Greeks.  As  Jupiter  is  the  king  of  heaven  and  of  the  gods, 
so  Juno  is  the  queen  or  the  female  Jupiter.  She  is  represented  as 
adorned  with  a  crown  or  diadem.  A  veil  frequently  hangs  down 
the  back  of  her  head,  to  characterise  her  as  the  bride  of  Zeu.s 
(Jupiter) ;  and  the  diadem,  veil,  sceptre,  and  peacock,  are  her 
ordinary  attributes. 

(H)  The  Graces,  called  Charites  by  the  Greeks,  were  the  per- 
sonification of  Grace  and  Beauty.  They  are  usually  described  as 
three  in  number,  and  were  the  goddesses  who  enhanced  the  en- 
joyments of  life  by  refinement  and  gentleness.  They  lent  their 
grace  and  beauty  to  every  thing  that  delighted  and  elevated  gods 
and  men,  and  were  described  as  in  the  service  of  other  divinities. 

(r)  Seasons  (Horae) — Originally  the.  goddesses  of  the  order  of 
nature  and  the  seasons,  but  in  later  times,  the  goddesses  of  order 
in  general,  and  of  justice.  The  course  of  the  seasons  is  symboli- 
cally described  as  the  dance  of  the  Horse.  They  bear  a  resem- 
blance to,  and  are  mentioned  along  with,  the  Graces,  and  both  arc 
frequently  confounded  or  identified.  They  were  the  protectresses 
of  youth,  and  gave  to  the  state  good  laws,  justice,  and  peace. 

(K)  Enter  certain  JfympktJ\  The  nymphs  of  fresh  water, 
whether  of  rivers,  lakes,  brooks,  or  springs,  were  designated  by 
the  general  name — Naiades. 


64  THE  TEMPEST.  [ACT  iv. 

The  early  Greeks  saw,  in  all  the  phenomena  of  nature,  some 
manifestations  of  the  Deity. 

Springs,  rivers,  grottoes,  trees,  and  mountains,  all  seemed  to 
them  fraught  with  life,  and  all  were  only  the  visible  embodiment 
of  so  many  divine  agents.  The  salutary  and  beneficent  powers  of 
nature  were  thus  personified,  and  regarded  as  so  many  divinities. 

For  Classical  Authorities  Vide  Smith's  Dictionary, 


SCENE  i.]  THE   TEMPEST.  65 


ACT    Y. 

SCENE  I.— BEFORE  THE  CELL  OF  PROSPERO. 

PRGSPERO  in  his  magic,  roles. 

Pro.  Now  does  my  project  gather  to  a  head : 
My  charms  crack  not ;  my  spirits  obey  ;  and  time 
Goes  upright  with  his  carriage.1     Ariel !   say, 

t  f  ARIEL  appears. 

How  fares  the  king  and  his  r 2 

Ari.  Confm'd  together 

In  the  same  fashion  as  you  gave  in  charge  ; 
Just  as  you  left  them  ;  all  prisoners,  sir  ; 
They  cannot  budge,  till  your  release.3     The  king, 
His  brother,  and  yours,  abide  all  three  distracted ; 
And  the  remainder  mourning  over  them, 
Brim-full  of  sorrow,  and  dismay  ; 
Your  charm  so  strongly  works  them, 
That  if  you  now  beheld  them,  your  affections 
Would  become  tender. 

Pro.  Do'st  thou  think  so,  spirit  ? 

Ari.  Mine  would,  sir,  were  I  human. 

Pro.  And  mine  shall. 

Hast  thou,  which  art  but  air,  a  touch,4  a  feeling 
Of  their  afflictions  ?  and  shall  not  myself, 
One  of  their  kind,  be  kindlier  mov'd  than  thou  art  ? 


1  time  goes  upright  with  'his  carriage.]  Time  goes  upright 

•with  his  burden.    Events  move  on  rightly. 

2  How  fares  the  king  and  his  ?]     And  his  followers. 

3  till  your  release.]    Till  you  release  them. 

*  a,  touch,']  A  sensation. 


<)(>  THE  TEMPEST.  [ACT  V 

Though  with  their  high  wrongs  I  am  struck  to  the  quick, 
Yet,  with  my  nobler  reason,  'gainst  my  fury 
Do  I  take  part :  the  rarer  action  is 
In  virtue  than  in  vengeance  :  they  being  penitent, 
The  sole  drift  of  my  purpose  doth  extend 
Not  a  frown  further  :  Go,  release  them,  Ariel ; 
My  charms  I'll  break,  their  senses  I'll  restore, 
And  they  shall  be  themselves. 
"  Art'.  I'll  fetch  them,  sir.    [Disappears. 

Pro.  Ye  elves 5  of  hills  (A),  brooks,  standing  lakes  and 

groves ; 

And  ye,  that  on  the  sands  with  printless  foot 
Do  chase  the  ebbing  Neptune  ;  by  whose  aid 
;  Weak  masters  though  ye  be,)  I  have  be-dimnvd 
The  noon-tide  sun,  call'd  forth  the  mutinous  winds, 
And  'twixt  the  green  sea  and  the  azur'd  vault 
Set  roaring  war  :  to  the  dread  rattling  thunder 
Have  I  given  fire,  and  rifted  Jove's  stout  oak 
With  his  own  bolt :  the  strong-bas'd  promontory 
Have  I  made  shake  ;  and  by  the  spurs  pluck'd  up 
The  pine,  and  cedar  :  But  this  rough  magic 
I  here  abjure  :  and,  when  I  have  required 
Some  heavenly  music,  (which  even  now  I  do,) 
To  work  mine  end  upon  their  senses,  that 
This  airy  charm  is  for,  I'll  break  my  staff, 
Bury  it  certain  fathoms  in  the  earth, 
And,  deeper  than  did  ever  plummet  sound, 
I'll  drown  my  book. 

[Solemn  music.      PKOSPERO   describes   a    Circle 
with  his  ivand. 

Pro.  Ariel !         [ARIEL  reappears. 

Dainty  spirit, 

Thou  shalt  ere  long  be  free.     I  shall  miss  thee  ; 
But  yet  thou  shalt  have  freedom  : 
To  the  king's  ship,  invisible  as  thou  art : 
There  shalt  thou  find  the  mariners  asleep 
Under  the  hatches  ;  the  master,  and  the  boatswain,  • 

Ye  elves]  Fairies  and  elves  are  frequently  in,  the  poets  mcu- 
tioncd  together. 


SCENE  i.]  THE  TEMPEST.  -G7 

Being  awake,  enforce  them  to  this  place  ; 
And  presently  I  pr'ythee. 

Ari.  My  lord,  it  shall  be  done. 

Pro.  Set  Caliban  and  his  companions  free. 
Untie  the  spell. 

Ari.  I  drink  the  air  before  me,  and  return 
Or  e'er  your  pulse  twice  beat.  \Exit  ARIKJ.. 

Pro.  I  will  disease  me,  and  myself  present 
As  I  was  sometime  Milan.6 

[Exit  PROSPERO  into  tavern. 

Enter  ALONSO  with  a  frantic  gesture,  attended  by  GOXKALO  ; 
SEBASTIAN  and  ANTONIO  in  like  manner,  attended  by 
ADRIAN  and  FRANCISCO  .-  they  all  enter  the  circle 
which  PROSPERO  had  made,  and  there  stand  charmed. 

Gon.  Some  heavenly  power  guide  us 
Out  of  this  fearful  country. 

SONG  BY  INVISIBLE  SPIRIT. 

Where  the  bee  sucks,  there  suck  I ; 

In  a  cowslip's  bell  I  lie : 

There  I  couch  when  owls  do  cry. 

On  the  bat's  back  I  do  fly, 

After  sunset  merrily  : 

Merrily,  merrily,  shall  I  live  now, 

Under  the  blossom  that  hangs  on  the  bough. 

Enter  PROSPERO,  as  the  Duke  of  Milan. 

Pro.  There  stand,  for  you  are  spell-  stopp'd. 
Not  one  of  them, 

That  yet  looks  on  me,  or  would  know  me. 
Noble  Gonzalo — honourable  man — 
Mine  eyes  e'en  sociable  to  the  flow  of  thine, 
Fall  fellow  drops. — The  charm  dissolves  apace  ; 

*  I  will  disease  nie,  and  myself  present 

As  I  was  sometime  Milan. :]  id  est.,  I  will  take  off  this  dress 
and  present  myself  as  I  was  sometime  since,  the  Duks  of  Milan. 

I  2 


68  THE  TEMPEST.  [ACT  r 

And  as  the  morning  steals  upon  the  night, 
Melting  the  darkness,  so  their  rising  senses 
Begin  to  chase  the  ignorant  fumes 7  that  mantle 
Their  clearer  reason.     Behold,  sir  king, 
The  wronged  Duke  of  Milan,  Prospero  : 
For  more  assurance  that  a  living  prince 
Does  now  speak  to  thee.  I  embrace  thy  body ; 
And  to  thee,  and  thy  company,  I  bid 
A  hearty  welcome. 

Alo.  Whe'r 8  thou  beest  he,  or  no, 

Or  some  enchanted  devil  to  abuse  me, 
As  late  I  have  been,  I  know  not. 
Thy  dukedom  I  resign ; 9  and  do  intreat 
Thou  pardon  me  my  wrongs : — But  how  should  Prospero 
Be  living,  and  be  here  ? 

Pro.  First,  noble  friend, 

Let  me  embrace  thine  age  ;  whose  honour  cannot 
Be  measur'd,  or  confm'd. 

Gon.  Whether  this  be, 

Or  be  not,  I'll  not  swear. 

Pro.  You  do  yet  taste 

Some  subtilties  o'  the  isle,10  that  will  not  let  you 
Believe  things  certain : — Welcome,  my  friends  all : — 
But  you,  my  brace  of  lords,  were  I  so  minded, 

\Aside  to  SEBASTIAN  and  ANTONIO. 
I  here  could  pluck  his  highness'  frown  upon  you, 
And  j  ustify  you  traitors  ;  at  this  time 
I'll  tell  no  tales. 

Seb.  The  devil  speaks  in  him.  \_Aside. 


7  tlie  ignorant  fumes]  i.  e.,  fumes  of  ignorance. 

8  Whe'r']  Whether. 

0  Thy  dukedom  I  resign  ;~\  The  Duchy  of  Milan  being,  through 
the  treachery  of  Antonio,  made  feudatory  to  the  crown  of  Naples, 
Alonso  promises  to  resign  his  claim  of  sovereignty  for  the  future. 
— STEEVENS. 

10  Some  suit  lit  ieso' the  isle,]  This  is  a  phrase  adopted  from  ancient 
cookery  and  confectionery.  When  a  dish  was  so  contrived  as  to 
appear  unlike  what  it  really  was,  they  called  it  a  subtilty.  Dragons, 
castles,  trees,  &c.,  made  out  of  sugar,  had  the  like  denomination. 


SCENE  T.]  THE  TEMPEST. 

Pro.  No : 

For  you,  most  wicked  sir,  whom  to  call  brother 
Would  even  infect  my  mouth,  I  do  forgive 
Thy  rankest  fault ;  all  of  them ;  and  require 
My  dukedom  of  thee,  which,  perforce,  I  know 
Thou  must  restore. 

Alo.  If  thou  beest  Prospero, 

Give  us  particulars  of  thy  preservation  : 
How  thou  hast  met  us  here,  who  three  hours  since 
Were  wreck'd  upon  this  shore  ;  where  I  have  lost, — 
How  sharp  the  point  of  this  remembrance  is ! 
My  dear  son  Ferdinand. 

Pro.  I  am  woe  fort,  sir.11 

But  howsoe'r  you  have 

Been  justled  from  your  senses,  know  for  certain, 
That  I  am  Prospero,  and  that  very  duke 
Which  was  thrust  forth  of  Milan ;  who  most  strangely 
Upon  this  shore,  where  you  were  wreck'd,  was  landed, 
To  be  the  lord  on't.     No  more  yet  of  this. 
Welcome,  sir ; 

This  cell's  mv  court :  here  have  I  few  attendants, 
And  subjects  none  abroad  :  pray  you,  look  in. 
My  dukedom  since  you  have  given  me  again, 
I  will  requite  you  with  as  good  a  thing ; 
At  least,  bring  forth  a  wonder,  to  content  ye, 
As  much  as  me  my  dukedom, 

The  entrance  of  the  cell  opens,  and  discovers  FERDINAN* 
and  MIRANDA  playing  at  chess. 

Alo.  If  this  prove 
A  vision  of  the  island,  one  dear  son 
Shall  I  twice  lose. 

Sel.  A  most  high  miracle ! 

[FERDINAND  and  MIRANDA  come  from  the  cell. 
Fcr.  Though  the  seas  threaten,  they  are  merciful : 
I  have  curs'd  them  without  cause. 

[FERDINAND  Jtneels  to  ALONSO. 
Alo.  Now  all  the  blessings 


11  J  am  woefcr't,  sn:"]  I  am  sorry  for  it.     To  le  woe  is  often  used 
by  old  writers  to  signify  "to  be  sorry," 


70  THE  TEMPEST.  [ACT  v, 

Of  a  glad  father  compass  thee  about ! 
Arise,  and  say  how  thou  cam'st  here. 

Mir.  O!  wonder! 

How  many  goodly  creatures  are  there  here ! 
How  beauteous  mankind  is ! 

Alo.  What  is  this  maid,  with  whom  thou  wast  at  play? 
Is  she  the  goddess  that  hath  sever'd  us, 
And  brought  us  thus  together  ? 

Fer.  Sir,  she's  mortal ; 

But,  by  immortal  providence,  she's  mine ; 
I  chose  her,  when  I  could  not  ask  my  father 
For  his  advice :  nor  thought  I  had  one :  she 
Is  daughter  to  this  famous  Duke  of  Milan, 
Of  whom  so  often  I  have  heard  renown, 
But  never  saw  before ;  of  whom  I  have 
Receiv'd  a  second  life,  and  second  father 
This  lady  makes  him  to  me. 

Alo.  I  am  hers : 

But  O,  how  oddly  will  it  sound,  that  I 
Must  ask  my  child  forgiveness ! 

Pro.  There,  sir,  stop ; 

Let  us  not  burden  our  remembrances 
With  a  heaviness  that's  gone. 

Alo.  Give  me  your  hands : 

[7b  FERDINAND  and  MIRANDA. 
Let  grief  and  sorrow  still  embrace  his  heart, 
That  doth  not  wish  you  joy  ! 

Gon.  Be't  so  !  Amen  ! 

Enter  the  MASTER  and  BOATSWAIN  amazedly. 
O,  look,  sir,  look,  sir  ;  here  are  more  of  us ! 

Boa.  The  best  news  is,  that  we  have  safely  found 
Our  king,  and  company  :  the  next,  our  ship, 
Is  tight,  and  yare,12  and  bravely  rigg'd.  as  when 
We  first  put  out  to  sea. 

Pro.  How  fares  my  gracious  sir  ? 
There  are  yet  missing  of  your  company 
Some  few  odd  lads,  that  you  remember  not. 


Yarf,]  Beady, 


8CENB  i.]  THE  TEMPEST.  71 

Enter  CALIBAN,  STEPHANO,  and  TRINCULO. 
Ste.  Every  man  shift  for  all  the  rest,  and  let  no  man  take 
care  for  himself;  for  all  is  but  fortune  :—  Coragio,  bully- 
monster,  coragio  !13 

Tri.  If  these  be  true  spies  which  I  wear  in  my  head, 
here's  a  goodly  sight. 

Gal.  O  Setebos,  these  be  brave  spirits,  indeed  ! 
How  fine  my  master  is  !  I  am  afraid 
He  will  chastise  me. 
I  shall  be  pinch'd  to  death. 

Alo.  Is  this  not  Stephano,  my  drunken  butler  ? 
Seb.  He  is  drunk  now  :  Where  had  he  wine  ? 
Alo.  And  Trinculo  is  reeling  ripe  : 
How  cam'st  thou  in  this  pickle  ? 

Tri.  I  have  been  in  such  a  pickle,  since  I  saw  you  last, 
that,  I  fear  me,  will  never  out  of  my  bones  :  I  shall  not 
fear  fly-blowing.14 

Seb.  Why,  how  now,  Stephano  : 

Ste.  O,  touch  me  not  ;  I  am  not  Stephano,  but  a  cramp.1"' 

Pro.  You'd  be  king  of  the  isle,  sirrah  ? 

Ste.  I  should  have  been  a  sore  one,  then. 

Alo.  This  is  as  strange  a  thing  as  e'er  I  look'd  on. 

[Pointing  to  CALIBAN. 

Pro.  He  is  as  disproportion'd  in  his  manners, 
As  in  his  shape  :  —  Go,  sirrah,  to  my  cell  ; 
Take  with  you  your  companions  ;   as  you  look 
To  have  my  pardon,  trim  it  handsomely. 

Cal.  Ay,  that  I  will  :  and  I'll  be  wise  hereafter, 
And  seek  for  grace  :  What  a  thrice  -double  ass 
Was  I,  to  take  this  drunkard  for  a  god, 
And  worship  this  dull  fool  ? 

Pro.  Go  to  ;  away  ! 

1  z  Coragio  /]  An  exclamation  of  encouragement. 
l*  -  fly  -blowing.]  Such  a  pickle  alludes  to  their  being  left  by 
Ariel  "  in  the  filthy  mantled  pool  ;"  and  pickling  preserves  meat 


18  -  but  a  cramp.}  I  am  all  over  a  cramp.     Prospero  having 
ordered  Ariel  "  to  shorten  t//»  then  sineics  with  aged  crarrp*." 


72  THE   TEMPEST.  [ACT  v. 

*dlo.  Hence,  and  bestow  your  luggage  where  you  found  it. 

Seb.  Or  stole  it,  rather. 

[Exeunt  CALIBAN,  STEPHANO,  and  TRINCULO. 

Pro.  Sir,  I  invite  your  highness  and  your  train, 
To  my  poor  cell :  where  you  shall  take  your  rest 
For  this  one  night ;  which  (part  of  it)  I'll  waste 
With  euch  discourse,  as,  I  not  doubt,  shall  make  it 
Go  quick  away  :  the  story  of  my  life, 
And  the  particular  accidents,  gone  by, 
Since  I  came  to  this  isle  :  And  in  the  morn, 
I'll  bring  you  to  your  ship,  and  so  to  Naples, 
Where  I  have  hope  to  see  the  nuptial 
Of  these  our  dear  beloved  solemniz'd ; 
And  thence  retire  me  to  my  Milan,  where 
Every  third  thought  shall  be  my  grave. 

Jllo.  I  long 

To  hear  the  story  of  your  life,  which  must 
Take  the  ear  strangely. 

Pro.  I'll  deliver  all; 

And  promise  you  calm  seas,  auspicious  gales, 
And  sail  so  expeditious,  that  shall  catch 
Your  royal  fleet  far  off. 
Please  you  draw  near. 

[Exeunt  all  but  PROSPERO  into  cell. 

My  Ariel ;  chick  !  [ARIEL  appears. 

That  is  thy  charge  ;  then  to  the  elements 
Be  free,  and  fare  thou  well ! 

NIGHT   DESCENDS. 
THE    SPIRITS,    RELEASED    BY   PROSPERO, 

TAKE   THEIR   FLIGHT    FROM   THE   ISLAND,    INTO   TliE    A1K. 

CHORUS  OF  SPIRITS. 

Where  the  bee  sucks,  &c.,  &c. 

MORNING     BREAKS,    AND     SHOWS 

A    SHIP    IN    A    CALM, 

PREPARED     TO    CONVEY    THE    KING    AND    HIS 
COMPANIONS    BACK   TO    NAPLES. 


SCENE  i.]  THE  TEMPEST.  73 

EPILOGUE. 

SPOKEN    BY    PROSPERO    FROM  THE    DECK   OF  THE  VESSEL. 

Now  my  charms  are  all  o'erthrown, 
And  what  strength  I  have's  mine  own  ; 
Which  is  most  faint :  now,  'tis  true, 
I  must  be  here  confin'd  by  you, 
Or  sent  to  Naples :  Let  me  not, 
Since  I  have  my  dukedom  got, 
And  pardon'd  the  deceiver,  dwell 
In  this  bare  island,  by  your  spell; 
But  release  me  from  my  bands, 
With  the  help  of  your  good  hands.16 
Gentle  breath  of  yours  my  sails 
Must  fill,  or  else  my  project  fails, 
Which  was  to  please  :  Now  I  want 
Spirits  to  enforce,  art  to  enchant ; 
And  my  ending  is  despair, 
Unless  I  be  reliev'd  by  prayer ; n 
Which  pierces  so,  that  it  assaults 
Mercy  itself,  and  frees  all  faults. 
As  you  from  crimes  would  pardon'd  be, 
Let  your  indulgence  set  me  free. 

THE    SHIP    GRADUALLY    SAILS    OFF, 
THE  ISLAND  RECEDES  FROM  SIGHT, 

AND   ARIEL    REMAINS    ALONE    IN    MID-AIR,     WATCHING 
THE    DEPARTURE    OF    HIS    LATE    MASTER. 

DISTANT     CHORUS     OF     SPIRITS. 

6   With  the  help  of  your  good  hands. ,]     By  your  applause,  by  clap- 
ping hands.  —Noise  being  supposed  to  dissolve  a  spell. 

1 7  Unless  I  he  relieved  by  prayer  ;]  This  is  an  allusion  to  the  old 
stories  told  of  the  despair  of  necromancers  in  their  last  moments, 
and  of  the  efficacy  of  the  prayers  of  their  friends  for  them. 

WARBUKTOX. 

THE    END. 


74  THE  TEMPEST.  [ACT  T 


HISTORICAL  NOTES  TO  ACT  FIFTH. 


(A)  Ye  el»°.s  of  hills.']  The  different  species  of  the  fairy  tribe  are  v 
called  in  the  Northern  languages  celfen,  elfen,  and  alpen,  words 
of  remote  and  uncertain  etymology.  The  Greek  o\$io<r,  felix, 
is  not  so  plausible  an  original  as  the  Teutonic  helfen,  juvare ; 
because  many  of  these  supernatural  beings  were  supposed  to  be 
of  a  mischievous  nature,  but  all  of  them  might  very  properly  be 
invoked  to  assist  mankind.  Some  of  the  northern  nations  regard- 
ed them  as  the  souls  of  men  who  in  this  world  had  given  them- 
selves up  to  corporeal  pleasures,  and  trespasses  against  human 
laws.  It  was  conceived,  therefore,  that  they  were  doomed  to 
wander  for  a  certain  time  about  the  earth,  and  to  be  bound  in  a 
kind  of  servitude  to  mortals.  One  of  their  occupations  was  that 
of  protecting  horses  in  the  stable.  See  Olaus  Magnus  de  gentibus 
septentrionalibus,  lib.  iii.  cap.  xi.  It  is  probable  that  our  fairy 
system  is  originally  derived  from  the  Fates,  Fauns,  Nymphs, 
Dryads,  Dese  matres,  &c.,  of  the  ancients,  in  like  manner  as  other 
Pagan  superstitions  were  corruptedly  retained  after  the  promulga- 
tion of  Christianity.  The  general  stock  might  have  been  augmented 
and  improved  by  means  of  the  crusades  and  other  causes  of  inter- 
course with  the  nations  of  the  East. — Douce. 


-AXE, 


ERRATA. 

A  few  trifling  omissions  have  been  found 
absolutely  necessary  in  representation,  since  the 
first  edition  of  the  book  was  published.  The 
corrections  will  be  made  in  the  next  issue. 


74  THE  TEMPEST.  [ACT  v. 


HISTORICAL  NOTES  TO  ACT  FIFTH. 


(A)  Ye  elvts  of  hills.]  The  different  species  of  the  fairy  tribe  are , 
called  in  the   Northern  languages  celfen,  elfen,  and  alpen,   words 
of  remote  and  uncertain  etymology.     The  Greek  oX&ioff,  felix, 
is  not   so  plausible  an  original  as   the   Teutonic    helfen,  juvare ; 
because  many  of  these  supernatural  beings  were  supposed  to  be 

of   a  m.isP-'hifi'B'^i«a  y>o<-"»^    V».-fc    -11    -  f  ^1 

invoke 

ed  ther. 

selves  i 

laws. 

wandei 

kind  01 

of  prot 

septentn 

system 

Dryads 

Pagan 

tionof( 

and  im] 

course  ,,^^  W1C  naviuus  01  uie  j^ast. — Douce. 


JOHN  X.    CHAPMAN   AND    CO.,    PRINTERS,    5,    SHOE   LANE, 
AND   PETERBOROUGH   COURT,    FLEET   STREET. 


RENEWALS  ONLY — TEL.  NO.  642-3405  m  the 

This  book  is  due  on  the  last  date  stamped  below,  or 

on  the  date  to  which  renewed. 
Renewed  books  are  subject  to  immediate  recall. 


RECEIVED 


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/3d 


nni  A!  1997 

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