A Tennyson dictionary; the characters and place-names contained in the poetical and dramatic works of the poet

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BERKELEY

LIBRARY

UNIVERSITY Of
CALIFORNIA 1

V

UK. J.*.... .«OlfiILL

A TENNYSON DICTIONARY

Uniform With this Volume.

DICTIONARIES TO FAMOUS
AUTHORS.

Dickens. A. J. Philip.

Thackeray. L G. Mudge and M. E. Sears.

Scott (Waverley Novels). M. F. A. Husband.

Kipling. W. A. Young.

Thomas Hardy. F. Saxelby.

Oscar Wilde. Stuart Mason.

Zola (Rougon-Macquart Novels).

J. G. Patterson.

Medieval Romance and Romance Writers.

Lewis Spence.

A
TENNYSON DICTIONARY

THE CHARACTERS AND PLACE-NAMES CONTAINED

IN THE POETICAL AND DRAMATIC WORKS

OF THE POET, ALPHABETICALLY

ARRANGED AND DESCRIBED

WITH SYNOPSES OF THE POEMS AND PLAYS

By
ARTHUR E. BAKER, F.R.Hist.S., F.L.A.:

Author of

" A Brief Account of the Public Library Movement in

Taunton," "A Concordance to the Poetical

and Dramatic Works of Alfred, Lord

Tennyson," etc.

LONDON
GEORGE ROUTLEDGE & SONS, LTD

New York : E. P. DUTTON & CO

3*727$"

Ma/As/

Defcicatefc

To the Memory of

CLARA,

Who, after an illness borne with fortitude and patience,
passed away on May 31st, 1914.

M852953

INTRODUCTORY NOTE

The success which has attended the publication of my Tennyson Con-
cordance in 1 91 2, has prompted me to undertake the compilation of
this Dictionary.

The book is intended as a work of reference for all lovers of Tenny-
son's works. Its principal function is to identify and describe the
multitudinous characters, place-names, etc. — whether fictitious or
historical — created or utilized by the Poet ; anything, therefore, in the
nature of criticism is entirely outside its scope.

The two chief features claimed for this compilation are brevity and
accuracy. The Synopses furnish a short explanatory account of the
Poems and Plays, and the Dictionary proper a short description of
the characters and place-names, together with the names of towns,
rivers, horses, birds, flowers, etc. In all there are some 2,040 entries.

A list of the books consulted or quoted throughout the work is
appended ; and for the valuable information obtained from them I
take this opportunity of expressing my acknowledgments.

A. E. B.

vu

SYNOPSES OF THE POEMS AND PLAYS

ACHILLES OVER THE TRENCH.

A rendering of the Iliad
xviii. 202, recounting the help
given to Achilles by Pallas and
the consequent rout of the
Trojans.

ADELINE.

Five stanzas written to a
certain ' spiritual Adeline ' to
describe her charms.

AKBAR'S DREAM.

A supposed conversation in
blank verse between Akbar, the
great Mogul who ruled India
from 1565 to 1605 a.d., and
his intimate friend Abul Fazl.
The poem is prefaced by a
quotation from the writings of
Abul Fazl. Akbar was one of
the most tolerant rulers who
ever lived. No creeds were
condemned by him, and he
invented a new religion which
aimed at being a sort of epitome
of the best in all beliefs. In
this poem, he tells Abul Fazl
that the cause of a temporary
depression is the shadow cast by
an evil dream. He then ex-
pounds his theory of life and
religion to Abul. His opinion
is that God is in all creeds and
that the one intolerable thing

T.D.

is intolerance. But now and
then a doubt asserts itself — as
when he is troubled by dreams
such as the one that he has
recently dreamed. In it, he
thought he had built

' a sacred
fane,

A temple, neither Pagod,
Mosque, nor Church,'
in which people of all creeds
might worship, and in which
might dwell

' Truth
and Peace

And Love and Justice '
But while he and Abul stood
looking at, and rejoicing in their
work there was tumult, and in
burst Akbar's well-loved son
Saleem, and slew both his
father and Abul. ' Death '
however ' had ears and eyes/
and Akbar saw his son despoiling
the fair building and ruining a
life-work. After a time came some
people from the west, ' an alien
race,' and again built up the
law of toleration and equity,
abolishing such monstrous prac-
tices as suttee and child-mar-
riage. The poem ends with a
morning hymn to the

1 Timeless in the
flame that measures Time ! '

ALEX]

ALEXANDER.

A Sonnet to Alexander, de-
scribing him as

1 Warrior of God, whose
strong right arm debased
The throne of Persia,'

ALL THINGS WILL DIE.

A lament that the inevitable
end of all things, however
beautiful and full of life, is
death. Even the blue river,
and the south winds will cease,

' And the old earth must die.'

AMPHION.

The supposed writer of this
rather merry poem had been left
a park by his father. The
poem voices his regret that
he was not born in the days
when ' Old Amphion ' sat down
and sung, and ' left a small
plantation ; ' In those days,
Nature was

1 So youthful and so flexile

You moved her at your
pleasure.'
and trees sprang up at the
twanging of a fiddle. But * in
such a brassy age ' as the pre-
sent, ' months of toil, And
years of cultivation ' are needed
to make

' at the end of all
A little garden blossom.'

ANCIENT SAGE.

An ancient sage gives a young
man of fashion good advice in
the form of a commentary on
a despairing song which the
latter had written. The youth

[AYL

is bidden to give up pleasure,
and devote himself to temper-
ance and good works.

AUDLEY COURT.

A short poem in blank verse.
The writer and his friend
1 Francis Hale, the farmer's
son,' are crowded out of the
Bull and the Fleece Inns, and
so are forced to picnic at Aud-
ley Court. After they have
eaten of home-made bread and
pastry, they discuss politics,
the king, and matters nearer
home. Lastly, they end the
picnic by entertaining one an-
other with songs. Francis sings
a song, the refrain of which is
1 Let me live my life,' while his
friend's choice falls upon a
mournful song of one Ellen
Aubrey. After this the two
friends return at nightfall to
the quiet town

' beneath a moon, that, just
In crescent, dimly rain'd about

the leaf
Twilights of airy silver.'

The poem was suggested by
Abbey Park at Torquay, and
closes with a description of Tor-
quay, as it was in Tennyson's
youth, ' the loveliest sea-village
in England.'

AYLMER'S FIELD.

A narrative poem in blank
verse. The story is supposed
to have been told to the writer
by an old vicar of the place
where the events narrated in
the story took place. Sir Ayl-
mer Aylmer was a typical

AYLJ

[BAN

country squire. He lived in a
magnificent house, and took
great pride in his ancestry.
The Aylmers had always been
friendly with the vicars of the
place — an office which was
always held by the eldest son of
the Averill family, and so
descended from father to son
with great regularity. At the
time the story opens, sir Aylmer
and his wife had an only daugh-
ter, just five years younger
than Leolin Averill, the younger
brother of Averill Averill, who
was then vicar. Leolin and
Edith Aylmer grew up to-
gether, and as they grew older
their childish comradeship
changed to love. Sir Aylmer
suspected nothing — indeed he
deemed it impossible that an
Averill should dream of linking
himself with an Aylmer. One
day, however, he overheard
some conversation between his
daughter and Leolin Averill
which revealed the fact that
they were indeed lovers. He
and his wife rated their daugh-
ter severely, and forbade Leolin
to have anything more to do
with her. Leolin, in a passion
of grief and anger, sought his
brother Averill and confided
to him his intention of making
a great name and returning to
marry Edith. In accordance
with this resolve he went to
London and worked at the law,
occasionally receiving letters,
secretly sent, from Edith. But
one day sir Aylmer intercepted

one of these letters and the
correspondence was stopped.
Edith, denied all intercourse
with her lover, gradually pined
and died. On the day of her
death, Leolin was found stabbed
by his own hand with a dagger
Edith had given him. The
elder Averill preached a savage
indictment of the cruel parents
from the text, ' Behold your
house is left unto you desolate.'
The passionate sermon wrought
such remorse in sir Aylmer and
his wife that they, too, died.
Aylmerston in Norfolk is said
to be the scene of the poem.

BALLAD OF ORIANA.

Describes a soldier's woe,
who after pledging his troth
to the beautiful Oriana, went
bravely into battle, only to see
his betrothed, who was watch-
ing him from the castle, pierced
through the heart by an arrow.

BANDIT'S DEATH.

The bandit carries a woman
to his cave after murdering
her husband, Piero. She lives
in hatred of the murderer, but
her dislike is lessened by the
arrival of a son. With the
police on his track, the Bandit
accidentally strangles the child
as he utters a cry. He is sorry
for his action, but the woman,
her loathing revived, stabs him
as he sleeps, and cutting off
his head, puts it in a cloth, and
carries it away with her.

BAT]

[BEG

BATTLE OF BRUNANBURH.

Describes the defeat and
slaughter of the army of Anlaf
and Constantius the traitor,
by Athelstan and his brother
Edmund.

BEAUTIFUL CITY.

A short description of Paris,
' the centre and crater of Euro-
pean confusion.'

BECKET.

A play in blank verse in five
acts preceded by a Prologue.
Prologue. King Henry and
Thomas Becket, chancellor of
England, are seen at chess.
Their talk is friendly, and
the king proposes making
Becket archbishop of Canter-
bury, and gives him a chart
showing the bower designed
for his paramour Rosamund,
together with instructions to
convey her safely thither.
Eleanor of Aquitaine plans
with Sir Reginald Fitzurse
to seize Rosamund, her rival.
Act i. Becket finds the burden
of archbishoprick and chan-
cellorship too heavy to bear,
and returns the Great Seal to
the king, resolving hence-
forth to stand for the Church
even against Henry. He
saves Rosamund from Fitz-
urse and Eleanor, angers the
king by refusing to give his
seal to certain laws regarding
the trial of clerics, and finally
flees to France after having
feasted beggars instead of

the angry nobles on the king's
side.

Act ii. Rosamund, in her
bower, pleads with Henry
to be friends with Becket.
Louis of France, Becket, and
Henry meet at Montmirail.
Becket refuses to crown the
king's son. Henry goes away
in a rage and Louis, hitherto
friendly, turns Becket out
of France, but soon repents
his decision and invites
Becket to stay.

Act iii. Henry and Rosamund
talk in the bower. A new
bower-maid discloses to Rosa-
mund the fact — which has
been kept secret from
her — that Henry is mar-
ried to Eleanor of Aquitaine.
Eleanor and Fitzurse spy out
the bower. Becket and
Henry are reconciled in
France and start for England.

Act iv. Geoffrey, child of
Henry and Rosamund, leads
Eleanor to his mother.
Eleanor and Fitzurse offer
to murder Rosamund, but
Becket intervenes in time,
and saves her, and sends her
to a convent.

Act v. Henry is tricked by
Eleanor and her knights into
great anger against Becket.
Four knights rush off and
murder the archbishop in
Canterbury Cathedral, leaving
Rosamund by the body.

BEGGAR MAID.

A fair beggar maid came

BLA]

[BRO

barefooted before king Co-
phetua, who so admired her
beauty that he swore an oath
that he would make her his
queen.

BLACKBIRD, THE.

The writer, unlike his neigh-
bours, welcomes the blackbird
into his garden, but laments the
fact that, in the spring, the
bird's beautiful song is seldom
heard, as he is too intent on
feeding.

BOADICEA.

An ' experiment ' describing
how queen Boadicea
* Girt by half the tribes of

Britain, near the colony

Camulodune,
Yell'd and shriek'd between

her daughters o'er a wild

confederacy.'
Her speech is a wild denuncia-
tion of the Roman tyrants of
Britain and a fierce call to arms.
In answer to her exhortation
the people arose, and
' Ran the land with Roman

slaughter, . . .'

BREAK, BREAK, BREAK, ETC.

The writer, as he watches
the sea ever breaking against
the rocks, envies the fisher-
man's boy and the sailor lad
who are both happy, while he
longs

* for the touch of a vanish'd

hand,
And the sound of the voice that

is still ! '

The scene of the poem is

Clevedon Church, which over-
looks the Bristol Channel.

BRIDESMAID, THE.

A sonnet describing how the
bridesmaid, who shed tears at
her sister'e wedding, was com-
forted by the assurance that
she too, would make a happy
bride.

BROOK, THE.

A poem in blank verse de-
scribing the memories aroused
in a certain Lawrence Aylmer
by the sight of the brook he has
known since childhood. Here
he parted with a poet friend, and
here too, he met with Katie
Willows, whose father Philip
he kept occupied with talk while
Katie met her lover. But now
1 Katie walks
By the long wash of Austra-
lasian seas
Far off, and holds her head to

other stars,
And breathes in April-autumns.
All are gone.'

Just as this conclusion is
reached, the old dreamer looks
up and is astonished to find
himself face to face with a girl
so like the old Katie that he
is startled and inquires her
name. ' Katie Willows ' she
says, and explains the seeming
miracle by stating that she is
the daughter of Katie Willows
the first, but now returned
from Australia. Through the
poems runs the well-known
lyric, beginning :

BUOj

[CHA

' I come from haunts of coot
and hern,
I make a sudden sally,'
the supposed reply of the brook
to the poet's question
' O babbling brook,' . . .
1 Whence come you ? '

BUONAPARTE.

A patriotic sonnet to Napo-
leon glorying in the way Britain
* The island queen who sways
the floods and lands
From Ind to Ind,'
' taught him lowlier moods ' at
Trafalgar and in Egypt.

BY AN EVOLUTIONIST.

The soliloquy of a man who
has reached old age with his ani-
mal strength, and being largely
decayed but

' the Man is quiet at last
As he stands on the heights of his
life with a glimpse of a height
that is higher.'

CAPTAIN, THE.

A ' legend of the Navy ' in
ballad metre. This short poem
is the story of a sea captain who
earned the hatred of his crew
by his cruelty, and yet thought
to

' make the name
Of his vessel great in story.'
One day he sighted a ship of
France, and gave orders to
advance towards her and give
battle. The crew waited till
they were alongside and then
allowed the enemy to shoot
them down and destroy their
ship, thus revenging them-

selves on their cruel captain
at the cost of their own lives.

CARESSD OR CHIDDEN BY
THE SLENDER HAND.

One of the early sonnets,
describing how

1 Light Hope at Beauty's call
would perch and stand,
And run thro' every change
of sharp and flat.'

CHARACTER, A.

Five stanzas, half playful
description of man who

' canvass'd human mysteries,
And trod on silk, as if the winds
Blew his own praises in his eyes/

CHARGE OF THE HEAVY
BRIGADE AT BALACLAVA.

A stirring practical descrip-
tion of * that ride into the Rus-
sian column.'

CHARGE OF THE LIGHT
BRIGADE.

A graphic description of the
famous charge of the Light
Brigade at Balaclava, when,
owing to an improperly given
command, six hundred cavalry
rode to almost certain death
in a hopeless attempt to cap-
ture the Russian guns.

CHARITY.

A woman, whose lover deserts
her to marry an heiress, finds
out what true charity is, when,
after the husband has been
killed in a railway accident, the
young widow helps and tends
her in her hour of need.

CHU] 7

CHURCH-WARDEN AND THE
CURATE, THE.

An amusing poem in dialect
in which a churchwarden, for-
merly a Baptist, gives some
useful advice to a young curate.
It was suggested by a story told
to the poet by the Rev. Canon
Rawnsley. The story is thus :

' I returned to my father's
parish, Halton Holgate, near
Spilsby, in Lincolnshire, from
my ordination, and found my
father's churchwarden, G. R.,
upon the platform. He saw
I had a white tie on, and he
said cheerily, "Well, Mr.
Rownsley, I can sea by that
white thing round youre throat
that they've gone and maade
a parson on you ! "

'"Well well," he added,
1 God Omighty knows theer
mun bea parsons as well as
farmers, and you'd be a fool i'
the crewyard along o' the
beasts, I reckon, and I should
mebbe bea as big a fool in the
pulpit o' Sunday. Now, doant
be stunt, I'm youre feyther's
churchwarden, and I'm goain'
to giv' you a bit o' my moind." '

Rawnsley : Memories of the
Tennysons.

CIRCUMSTANCE.

A single stanza tracing ' two
children in two neighbouring
villages,' through their life to
the second generation and end-
ing with the reflection
* So runs the round of life from
hour to hour.'

[COL

CITY CHILD, THE.

Two stanzas describing the
* city childs ' — * the dainty little
maidens ' — desire for the plea-
sures of the country.

CLARIBEL.

Two stanzas descriptive of
the beautiful bower ' where
Claribel low-lieth.'

CLEAR - HEADED FRIEND,
WHOSE JOYFUL SCORN.

Three stanzas, addressed to
a friend, who, the poet declares,
' will not live in vain ' and goes
on to predict a glorious future
for his evidently gifted friend.

COLUMBUS.

A speech put into the mouth
of Columbus. He has dis-
covered a new world and is now
dying in chains for his pains.
He is evidently speaking to a
court noble come to visit him.
He tells of all his struggles to
convince people that the earth
was a sphere, of the inward
certainty, through all, that he
was chosen of God to do his
great work for Spain, and of his
vow that whatever wealth he
brought from the new world
should be used in a Crusade.
He bitterly resents his chains
and the worthless men who
have entered into the heritage
of the land he discovered.
Nevertheless, the poem ends
on a fine note of patriotism : —
' Rack'd as I am with gout, and
wrench'd with pains,

Gain'd in the service of His
Highness, yet

COMJ

8

[DAI

Am ready to sail forth on one

last voyage.
And readier, if the King would

hear, to lead
One last crusade against the

Saracen,
And save the Holy Sepulchre

from thrall.'

COME NOT, WHEN I AM DEAD.

Two stanzas in which the
poet exhorts his child not to
come to weep over his grave
but to

* Pass on, weak heart, and leave
me where I lie :
Go by, go by.'

CROSSING THE BAR.

The beautiful and last poem
beginning
1 Sunset and evening star,

And one clear call for me ! '
in which the poet compares
his own death to the outgoing
of a ship over the harbour bar
into the open sea.

CUP, THE.

A tragedy in blank verse in

two acts.

Act i. Synorix, a Galatian ex-
Tetrarch and a man with a
reputation of loose life, re-
turns to the temple of Artemis
in Galatia in search of a priest-
ess he had admired, now wife
of Sinnatus, Tetrarch of
Galatia. He meets Sinnatus
while hunting, and calling
himself Strato, goes in the
evening to the Tetrarch's
house as guest. There he
tells Camma, Sinnatus' wife,

of his plan of leaguing with
Rome for the sake of Galatia.
He also tells her of his love
and that it was he who earlier
in the day had sent her a
sacred cup. He bids her
come to the temple in the
morning, to plead with the
Roman Antonius for the life
of Sinnatus who has been
plotting against Rome. The
identity of Synorix is dis-
covered, and Sinnatus drives
him out. Camma meets
Synorix at dawn. Sinnatus
discovers them and is slain
by Synorix.

Act ii. Camma has become a
priestess in the temple of
Artemis. Synorix has at-
tained his ambition and is
king of Galatia under Rome.
He sends messengers implor-
ing Camma to marry him.
She consents, and awaits his
coming in the temple. Dur-
ing the marriage ceremony
she fills the sacred cup he
had given her with poisoned
wine, and, after drinking
herself, gives it to him to
drain. He does so, and pre-
sently sickens and dies.
Camma dies shortly after,
calling on the name of Sin-
natus.
The theme of the tragedy is

taken from Plutarch's Moralia.

DAISY, THE.

A memory, written at Edin-
burgh, of what was apparently
a honeymoon journey in Italy.

DAW]

[DEA

The writer — writing to his
companion of the journey —
recalls all the beautiful things
they had seen together in Italy
and how, as they were leaving
the country, he plucked a daisy
to give her —
* It told of England then to me,

And now it tells of Italy.'
Though he is now ' ill and
weary, alone and cold,' the
daisy, in fancy, takes him once
more to his love's side in Italy.

DAWN, THE.

A poem in five stanzas, pre-
faced by a quotation from an
Egyptian priest — ' You are but
children.' The poet expresses
the view that the present is
but the dawn of time —

w Red of the Dawn !

Is it turning a fainter red ? so

be it, but when shall we lay

The Ghost of the Brute that is

walking and haunting us

yet, and be free ? '

All time till present has been

but ■ red of the Dawn ' and now

it is but ' turning a fainter red.'

The Day, that is to see a better

race of men, is yet to come.

DAY-DREAM, THE.

A young man deeply in love
with the Lady Flora, tells her
his vision of the ancient legend
of the Sleeping Beauty. He
describes, in beautiful language,
the Sleeping Palace and the
Sleeping Beauty within it, who
is awakened, after a hundred
years, by a kiss from the Fairy
Prince, who thus breaks the

spell and sets the palace buzzing
with renewed life and activity.
The Prince then rides off with
the Princess, and both are
happy in their love for one
another.

The Moral, the young man
says, is hard to find, but many
people would find a meaning
suited to their minds, and * to
hook it to some useful end '
would ' cramp its use.'

He goes on to reflect on the
pleasantness of falling asleep for
some time and waking up to
find things bettered and fresh
wonders to behold. He says
that he would gladly slumber for
a hundred years himself, if, at
the end of that time he could
awake the Lady Flora with a
kiss.

DEAD PROPHET, THE.

A fierce attack upon those
who make dead famous men
into ' copy,' dissecting their
lives with a keen eye under the
pretence of reverence for the
dead. The poem is the story
of an imaginary ' dead pro-
phet ' and the indignities heaped
upon his body by the old hag
1 Reverence.'

DEATH OF 03N0NE, THE.

The beautiful shepherd-
prince, Paris, husband of the
nymph (Enone, had been chosen
by the gods to judge which of
the three goddesses Here, Pallas
or Aphrodite, was the most
beautiful, and to award a golden
apple to his choice. Aphrodite

DEA]

10

[DEF

promised him the beautiful
Helen of Troy to wife if he
would give her the apple. He
did so, and deserted GEnone
for Helen, thus causing great
war and bloodshed. In this
poem the poet tells the story
of his return, sore wounded,
to be cured of his mortal hurt
by CEnone, who refuses pity
to him who had no pity for
her. Paris then falls dead, and
is reverently cremated by the
shepherds who had known him
in his youth. At dawn, (Enone,
who all night has been troubled
by the vision of her husband's
disfigured face, goes forth, and,
finding a smouldering funeral
pyre inquires for whom it has
been built. On hearing whose
body lies there, she casts herself
upon the pyre and, remember-
ing only her early happiness,
dies with her husband.

DEATH OF THE DUKE OF
CLARENCE AND AVONDALE.

An address to the mourners
for the Duke of Clarence, who
died just before his projected
marriage to the princess May.
Tennyson bids the mourners
' mourn in hope ' for

' after his brief range of
blameless days,
The toll of funeral in an Angel

ear
Sounds happier than the mer-
riest marriage-bell.'

DEATH OF THE OLD YEAR,
THE.

A lament for the old year —

here personified as an old man
dying at the stroke of twelve,
while the new year is spoken of
as ' his son and heir,' who
' blithe and bold '
' Comes up to take his own.'

DEDICATION, A.

A dedication of some writing
given by the author to a very
dear friend, exhorting him to

' take this and pray that he,
Who wrote it, honouring your

sweet faith in him,
May trust himself ; '
through all mistrust, and scorn
and criticism.

DEDICATORY POEM TO THE
PRINCESS ALICE.

A short dedication of the
Defence of Lucknozv to the dead
princess Alice, daughter of
queen Victoria. The poet
makes the princess's known
patriotism a pretext for dedi-
cating

' this ballad of the deeds
Of England, and her banner in

the East ? '
at her dead feet.

DEFENCE OF LUCKNOW.

A patriotic poem descriptive
of the gallant defence of Luck-
now by a ' handful of men '
written as though the writer
had been one of the besieged
army. At the end of every
stanza is the triumphant refrain
' And ever upon our topmost

roof the banner of England

blew ! '
The poem describes in vivid

DEM]

II

[DES

language the horrors of the
siege, the death of the Com-
mander ' Lawrence, the best
of the brave,' and the un-
bounded joy of the whole gar-
rison at the appearance of a
relieving force with Havelock
and Outram in command.

Lucknow was one of the
decisive sieges of the Indian
Mutiny.

DEMETER AND PERSEPHONE.

A monologue spoken by
Demeter the earth-goddess at
the return of her daughter
Persephone from the dark home
of her husband, the monarch
of Hades. Persephone, accord-
ing to the Greek legend of the
Spring, had been stolen away
while playing in a field, and
taken to be the bride of ' dark
Aidoneus,' king of Hades. But
so great was Demeter's sorrow
for her child that she neglected
to bless the land with increase.
So Zeus decreed that for nine
months in the year Persephone
should live with her mother —
the other three to be spent with
her husband in the underworld.
Demeter, however, is but ' ill-
content,' and looks forward to
the time when Persephone shall
spend the whole year with her.
The theme is taken from Ovid.

DE PROFUNDIS.

A poem in two parts, named
respectively The Two Greetings
and The Human Cry. The
first part is subdivided, and con-
tains a father's greeting, first,

to the physical being of his
child, after the ' nine long
months of antenatal gloom,'
and secondly to the spiritual
being of the child ' half -lost
In thine own shadow and this
fleshly sign.' The Human Cry
is a shorter poem in two stanzas.
In it, the poet voices the adora-
tion of man towards God —
' We know we are nothing — but

Thou wilt help us to be.
Hallowed be Thy name —

Hallelujah ! '

DESERTED HOUSE.

A short poem in five stanzas,
describing — in the simile of
a deserted house — a dead body.
It is called a house from which
' Life and Thought have gone
away

• • •

Leaving door and windows
wide : '
The last verse is an expression
of the hope of immortality —

' Life and Thought
Here no longer dwell ;
But in a city glorious —
A great and distant city — have
bought
A mansion incorruptible.'
Nevertheless the human longing
also finds voice in the last line —
1 Would they could have stayed
with us ! '

DESPAIR.

A man and his wife having
lost faith in a God and hope
of a life to come, and being
miserable in this, resolve to end
themselves by drowning. The

DIR]

12

[DRE

woman is drowned, but the man
rescued by a minister of the
sect he had abandoned.

DIRGE, A.

A poem in seven stanzas the
refrain of which is ' Let them
rave.' The dead need be
troubled by no discordant
voices —
4 God's great gift of speech

abused '
for the grave is quiet and only
1 The balm-cricket carols clear
In the green that folds thy
grave.'

DORA.

A narrative poem in blank
verse, founded on a story in
Miss Mitford's Our Village.
In it, the poet tells the story
of a man who brought up his
brother's daughter with his own
son. He had planned a mar-
riage between them, and when
the time was ripe he broached
the subject to his son William,
who refused to marry his cousin
Dora, and left his father's house
to marry a certain Mary Mor-
rison. The indignant father
forbad Dora to see or communi-
cate with William or his wife
or child. William died in
poverty, leaving his widow and
small son. Dora helped them
by stealth, and at last persuaded
Mary to let her have the child
in the hope that her uncle's
heart might be moved to com-
passion. But after he had
agreed to adopt the boy he sent
Dora away in great anger.

Mary, however, refused to allow
Dora to sacrifice herself for the
sake of the boy, and they went
together to ask for the child
again. The father was so moved
by his daughter-in-law's appeal
and by the winsomeness of his
grandson that he was reconciled
to Dora and Mary —

* So those four abode
Within one house together ; '

DOUBT AND PRAYER.

A short prayer in which the
poet prays God
' Steel me with patience ! soften

me with grief ! '
Through sorrow and even sin,
the soul finds God, but the
poet here prays that death
may not come to him
* Till this embattled wall of

unbelief
My prison, not my fortress,

fall away ! '

DREAMER, THE.

A certain man dreamed he
heard the lament ' a voice of
the Earth ' of one who said —
' To the wail of my winds, and
the moan of my waves,
I whirl, and follow the Sun.'
The dreamer thought he an-
swered with a song, counselling
the wailing voice to remember
that —

* all's well that end's well,
Whirl, and follow the Sun ! '

DREAM OF FAIR WOMEN, A.

The poet had been musing
on Chaucer's Wild Tales till he
imagined himself living in the

DYI]

13

[ENGr

past. This poem is an account
of the dream that followed.
The poet dreamed he was in a
wood in which he met with
many fair dead women — Helen
of Troy, Cleopatra, Jephtha's
daughter, and Fair Rosamond.
They each told him of the joys
and sorrows of their respect-
ive lives, and he was at last
awakened by Cleopatra's sharp
scornful taunt of Rosamond
for having so ' tamely died.'
The dreamer closes the poem
with the regret that he awak-
ened before he had seen other
fair women —

' her, who clasp'd in her last
trance
Her murder'd father's head,'
or Joan of Arc, or Eleanor of
Castile.

DYING SWAN, THE.

A description in two stanzas
of the wonderful death-song
of a swan. Tennyson appar-
ently believed the popular say-
ing that ' a swan only sings at
its death.'

EAGLE, THE.

Six lines, descriptive of a
view seen from a mountain
top by an eagle.

EARLY SPRING.

A ' Spring Song ' in eight
stanzas.

EDWARD GRAY.

A ballad, containing the
story of Edward Gray who was
beloved by Ellen Adair. He,
however,

* Thought her proud, and fled

over the sea ; '
In his absence she pined and
died. Edward Gray is un-
touched by the lovableness of
other women — his heart is
buried with Ellen Adair.

EDWIN MORRIS.

This poem is the story of a
man who stayed for nine months
by a lake. While here he made
friends with ' Edwin Morris
and Edward Bull the curate/
Also, he fell in love with a mil-
lionaire's daughter, Letty HilL
One evening he was found
making love to Letty, and her
relatives forbad him the place,,
and married her

' to sixty thousand pounds r
To lands in Kent and messuages

in York,
And slight Sir Robert with his

watery smile
And educated whisker.'
They then brought a lawsuit
against Letty's lover, and he
left the place

1 left Edwin, nor have seen
Him since, nor heard of herr

nor cared to hear.'

ELEANORE.

A poem in eight stanzas
written in praise of a ' Sereney
imperial Eleanore ! '

ENGLAND AND AMERICA IN
1782.

A short poem addressed to
England personified as ' Strong
mother of a Lion-line.' The
writer bids England be proud

ENO]

of the American rebels who

' Retaught the lesson thou hadst

taught,
And in thy spirit with thee

fought '

ENOCH ARDEN.

A long narrative in blank

verse. In it, the poet tells

the story of Enoch Arden.

He and Philip Ray — the miller's

son — lived in a seaside town

and both loved Annie Lee.

She flirted impartially with

both, but at last Enoch won

and married her, for ' Philip

loved in silence.' Enoch was

a sailor's orphan and pursued

his father's trade. When two

children had been born to him,

Enoch's good fortune deserted

him. He broke a limb in an

accident and lost his job. As

he lay recovering he was haunted

by the thought of his wife and

children starving because he was

unable to work for them. Then

came an offer from the captain

of a China-going vessel to take

Enoch as boatswain and he

went, first selling his boat to

provide money for Annie and

bidding them all a sorrowful

farewell. After his departure,

the third and sickliest child was

born, but scarcely lived a few

weeks. Philip Ray, who had

not seen Annie since Enoch

left, thinking to be of comfort

to her, asked her to let him

educate the remaining boy and

girl as Enoch would have

wished. Annie consented and

14 [EPI

Philip became a second father
to her children, though scruples
kept him from seeing Annie
often. But the years went by
and Enoch did not return, and
at last Philip convinced Annie
that Enoch was dead, and they
were married. A child was
born, and they were very happy.
Meanwhile Enoch was not dead,
but prospering much. After
he had made and lost a fortune,
Enoch at last returned to his
native town, eagerly anticipating
seeing Annie again. He learned
from a gossip called Miriam
Lane of Annie's marriage with
Philip. The news was too
much for his already failing
strength, and he died without
making himself known to Annie,
first giving Miriam Lane a curl
of his son's hair, which Annie
had given him — to give the
boy's mother.

' And when they buried him the
little port
Had seldom seen a costlier
funeral.'

EPIC, THE.

An introduction to the beauti-
ful Morte £ Arthur. On Christ-
mas Eve four college friends
sat about the fire and wine after
the rest of the guests had
departed. They talked of the
decay of Christmas customs
and of the Christian religion.
One of their number, Everard
Hall, was known at college as
a toper and a poet of parts. His
friends laughingly inquired of

EPI]

15

[FAR

him what he had done with
an epic he had written about
king Arthur. He replied that
he had burnt it, deeming it of
little interest. One of the
young men had, however, res-
cued the eleventh book from
the flames and forthwith pro-
duced it. The poet was then
constrained to read the Morte
£ Arthur.

EPILOGUE.

A short poem dedicating ' the
Sleeping Beauty ' series of poems
to a certain ' Lady Flora.'

EPITAPH ON CAXTON.

Written for the Caxton win-
dow in St. Margaret's. The
poet praises Caxton as a seer
praying for ' Light more light,'
but seeing only the glory and
not the disadvantages of the
spread of learning.

ON

GENERAL

EPITAPH
GORDON.

Written for the cenotaph in
Westminster Abbey. The poet
addresses Gordon as ' Warrior
of God,' whose bones lie in the
far-away Soudan.

EPITAPH ON LORD STRAT-
FORD DE REDCLIFFE.

Lines written in memory
of this enthusiastic admirer of
Tennyson and friend of Byron.

FAITH.

Two stanzas encouraging men
to

* Doubt no longer that the
Highest is the wisest and
the best,'

FALCON, THE.

A play in blank verse in one
scene. Count Federigo degli
Alberighi has been in love with
the Lady Giovanna since she
was fifteen. He had gone to
the war, thinking she cared
nothing for him, and in his
absence and believing him dead
she had married another. She
is now a widow with one son,
and Federigo is living with his
old nurse and foster-brother in
poverty — having sold all his
possessions to give gifts to
Giovanna. To the consterna-
tion of the inmates of Federigo's
cottage, the lady appears one
morning announcing that she
will stay for breakfast. There
is nothing in the larder, and
Federigo reluctantly gives an or-
der to kill his much loved falcon
for the lady's entertainment.
He is horrified — when the bird
is dead — to learn that she had
come to beg no other thing
than the falcon for her son who
is sick. All, however, ends well
with a mutual declaration of
love and a hopeful certainty
of the boy's recovery. The
theme of the story is taken from
Boccaccio's Decamerone.

FAREWELL, A.

Four stanzas in which the
poet bids farewell to a ' cold
rivulet ' ' for ever and ever.'

FAR-FAR-AWAY.

A song written for music
with a refrain ' far-far-away.'

FAT]

16

[FOR

FATIMA.

A woman's passionate love-
song. She enumerates the de-
lights of her love and her long-
ing for her lover's coming and
ends with a determination to
' Die, dying clasp'd in his em-
brace.'

FIRST QUARREL, THE.

A narrative poem, written
in dialect in the first person.
The narrator is a woman who
tells the story of her life to a
sympathetic friend. She is an
Isle of Wight girl. When quite
a young girl she was the sweet-
heart of a boy of the same vil-
lage. When the boy — Harry
— began to grow up, a farmer
relative sent for him and after
saying good-bye to Nelly —
the girl — he went to Dorset-
shire to work, on his kinsman's
farm. While there, he got
into trouble with another girl.
But when he returned, he and
Nelly were married and were
very happy. Work, however,
' was scant in the Isle,' and
Harry crossed the Solent in
search of employment. He
wrote his wife saying he had got
a six weeks' job and was coming
back to kiss her good-bye on
the following day. While she
was tidying the house ready
for his return, she came across
a box containing a letter written
to Harry by the other girl.
This so angered her that she
would have nothing to say to her
husband when he came in and

refused to be mollified by his
gentle assurances of love and
trust, and the complete dead-
ness of the past. After trying
in vain to reassure her, Harry
leaves her, and she refuses to
say good-bye. He sends her
a letter to say he had work in
Jersey and is going by the boat
that night — * and the boat
went down that night.' So
the first quarrel proved the last.

FLEET, THE.

Lines written in praise of the
British Navy after a newspaper
attack upon it.

FLIGHT, THE.

A girl rouses her sister on her
wedding morning, and they fly
together from a hateful mar-
riage proposed by a mercenary
father.

FLOWER, THE.

A ' fable ' of one who sowed
a seed that, grown into a flower,
was dubbed a weed. It grew
tall and beautiful, the seeds
were in demand, it became
easy to get and so again a weed.

FLOWER IN THE CRANNIED
WALL.

A fragment, in which the

poet declares his conviction that

" if I could understand

What you {i.e. the flower) are,

root and all, and all in all,
I should know what God and

man is.'

FORESTERS, THE.

A play in blank verse in four

FOR]

acts. The plot is adapted from
the legends of Robin Hood and
Maid Marian. It opens with
the outlawry of Robin by
Prince John, Regent for Richard
I, and ends with the return of
Richard and the marriage of
Robin and Marian.

FORLORN.

A short poem in which a
mother chides her daughter for
contemplating a marriage of
which she is unworthy.

FORM, THE, FORM, THE.

An early sonnet in which the
frivolous soul of a ' slight co-
quette ' is described.

FRATER AVE ATQUE VALE.

Lines written in praise of
Catullus — ' tenderest of the
Roman poets.' This poem was
written while Tennyson was
staying in Italy, and contains
descriptions of lake scenery.

FREEDOM.

A political poem in which
the poet gave expression to his
conviction that innovations and
reforms should be gradually
introduced.

GARDENER'S DAUGHTER,

THE.

An artist tells the story of
his love for the gardener's
daughter, and shows a picture
of her in her youth. A narra-
tive poem in blank verse.

GOD AND THE UNIVERSE.

Two stanzas in which the
poet expresses his fear of God

17 [HAN

and imagines God to reply re-
assuringly.

GODIVA.

A poem in blank verse in
which the poet tells the story
of the sacrifice made by Lady
Godiva on behalf of the people
of her husband's city, Coventry.

GOLDEN YEAR, THE.

An account, in blank verse,
of a poet who wrote some
verses anticipating the return
of the golden age. A friend
of the poet declares
' That unto him who works,
and feels he works,
This same grand year is ever
at the doors.'

GOOSE, THE.

A short humorous poem.
An old woman is given a goose
— which lays golden eggs — by
a stranger. After prospering,
she grows tired of the clatter
made by the goose and drives
it out to the original owner.

GRANDMOTHER, THE.

A monologue in which an
old woman who has outlived
all her children recounts the
chief events of her life to a
grandchild. The poem was
suggested in a letter from Ben-
jamin Jowett giving the saying
of an old lady, ' The spirits of
my children always seem to
hover about me.'

HANDS ALL ROUND.

A ' convivial lyric ' in which
the poet calls for healths to be
C

HAP]

18

[IDY

drank to England, her colonies
and other friendly powers.

HAPPY.

The words of the wife of a
leprous Crusader who has been
formally separated from the
community. The wife refuses
to leave him, and swears that
she will live and die at his side.

HAROLD.

A five-act play in blank verse.
The plot is concerned with
incidents happening between
Harold's — then earl of Wessex —
first setting out for Normandy,
where he was to swear the rash
oath to help William of Nor-
mandy to the English throne,
and the defeat of the English and
death of Harold at the battle
of Senlac, 1066.

HELEN'S TOWER.

Lines written at the request
of Lord Dufferin for the Tower
built in memory of Helen,
mother of Lord Dufferin. The
poet expresses in these lines
his conviction that were the

* granite girth ' of the Tower
as strong as the love between
mother and son which caused
it to be built, it would endure

* Doomsday fire.'

HENDECASYLLABICS.

An experiment in ' a metre
of Catullus ' addressed to * you
chorus of indolent reviewers,'
and humorously conveying the
poet's request and critics to be
lenient to the new metre.

HIGHER PANTHEISM, THE.

A short poem expressing the
poet's belief in the ' Immanence
of God in the Universe.' The
poem contains the beautiful
and well-known couplet
1 Speak to Him thou for He

hears, and Spirit with Spirit

can meet —
Closer is He than breathing,

nearer than hands and feet.'

IDYLLS OF THE KING.

An epic series of poems

founded on Malory's Morte

d? Arthur.

Dedication. To Queen Vic-
toria in memory of Albert,
Prince Consort.

Coming of Arthur. The com-
ing of Arthur to his kingdom,
his royal parentage is proved,
he marries Guinevere, daugh-
ter of king Leodogran, and
founds his knighthood of the
Round Table. He rids the
land of wild beasts and ma-
rauders.

Gareth and Lynette. Of how
Gareth son of Lot and Belli-
cent obtained his mother's
consent to serve as kitchen-
boy at Camelot before he
should discover himself to
Arthur and ask for knight-
hood. Of how Arthur dis-
covered the Prince in the
kitchen-boy and sent him to
rescue Lyonors, sister of Lyn-
ette, from the Castle Perilous,
guarded by four warriors.
Of his success in the quest.
Marriage of Geraint. Of how

IDY]

19

[IDY

queen Guinevere was in-
sulted by a dwarf riding with
a knight and lady. Of how
sir Geraint followed them
to avenge the Queen. Of
how he came to the town
where they dwelt and chanced
to lodge with an old man in
the power of the stranger-
knight. Of how Geraint
loved Enid, the daughter of
his poverty-stricken host.
Of how he overcame the
stranger-knight in the lists.
Of how Geraint and Enid
rode back together to Arthur's
court, and there were married.

Geraint and Enid. Of how
Geraint took Enid his wife
to his own land in Devon.
Of how for love of her he
neglected knightly adventure.
Of how she wept for it. Of
how he misunderstood her
sorrow, and grew jealous
thinking she loved another.
Of how they set forth on
horseback, Enid in front and
not beside him. Of how
Geraint fought many men
by the way and overcame
them all. Of how they came
to Arthur's court. Of how
all misunderstanding was re-
moved. Of how they re-
turned to Devon to live long
and happy.

Balin and Balan. Of how Balin
and Balan, brothers, were
brought by the King to his
court. Of how Balan was
dubbed knight, and sent on
a quest, and of how Balin,

having been dubbed knight
before, remained at court.
Of how he obtained leave
to wear the Queen's crown
upon his shield. Of how
sir Balin presently rode away
to seek adventure and came
to the castle of king Pelles.
Of how one sir Garlon spoke
evil of the Queen and Lance-
lot. Of how sir Balin struck
him in his anger and fled the
castle. Of how he rested in
the forest and hung his shield
upon a tree, deeming himself
unworthy of the Queen's
token. Of how a damsel
came and also spoke evil of
the Queen. Of how sir
Balan chanced to pass. Of
how sir Balin, being beside
himself, fought his brother.
Of how they were both slain
and afterwards buried by
the Lady of the Lake.

Merlin and Vivien. Of how
Vivien came from the base
king Mark to spy on Lancelot
and Guinevere. Of how she
whispered slanders in Arthur's
court. Of how she sought
to gain from Merlin the
secret of a spell. Of how she
followed him to Broceliande,
and, having gained the secret
of the enchantment, used
it upon the great wizard him-
self and left him as one dead.

Lancelot and Elaine. Of how
sir Lancelot stayed at the
castle of Astolat and of how
Elaine, the maid of Astolat,
loved him not knowing who

IDY]

20

[IDY

he was. Of how he wore her
favour in a tourney. Of how
he was wounded, and of how
Elaine tended him in sickness.
Of how he recovered and rode
away with no word of love,
being pledged to the Queen.
Of how Elaine sickened and
died of her love, and of how
her body was placed in a
boat and rowed to Camelot
by an old deaf servant.

Holy Grail. Of how the sister
of sir Percivale saw a vision
of the Holy Grail. Of how
she made a girdle of her hair for
Galahad. Of how many of
the Round Table swore to
find the Grail. Of how they
set forth from Camelot. Of
how Galahad and Percivale
set forth together. Of their
adventures and temptations.
Of how sir Galahad was the
sole knight worthy to behold
the Grail. Of the unsuc-
cessful return of other knights
to Camelot. Of the King's
welcome and of how some
did not return.

Pelleas and Ettarre. Of the
young knight sir Pelleas and
of how he overcame in the
jousts and gained the victor's
circlet for the lady Ettarre.
Of how she shut herself in
her castle and scorned her
champion. Of how he was
brought a prisoner to her by her
knights. Of how sir Gawain
undertook to plead the cause
of sir Pelleas with the lady
Ettarre. Of how she was

false with Gawain. Of how
Sir Pelleas grew distraught
and fought unwittingly with
sir Lancelot and accused
him of shame with Guinevere.
Of how sir Pelleas went out
and was no more seen.

Last Tournament. Of the
ruby carcanet that Guinevere
gave to the king as a tourney
prize. Of the tourney and
of how sir Tristram won the
rubies. Of how he refused
to give them to any lady of
the court but kept them for
Isolt, the Queen of the Cor-
nish king Mark. Of Da-
gonet the king's fool and of
his talk with Tristram. Of
Tristram's coming to Tin-
tagil and Isolt. Of Isolt's
jealousy of Tristram's wife
— Isolt of Brittany. Of how
king Mark slew Tristram as
he clasped the ruby carcanet
about the throat of Isolt the
Queen.

Guinevere. Of Lancelot's re-
solution to leave Guinevere.
Of their last meeting and
of its discovery by Modred.
Of the flight of Lancelot
to his castle and of the queen
to a nunnery at Almesbury.
Of the war of the king with
Lancelot and of the treachery
of Modred. Of the visit
of the king to the queen at
Almesbury, of his forgiveness
and her repentance. Of how
the king went out to his last
battle, and of how Guinevere
made atonement by a life

IF]

21

[JUN

of penitence and piety in the
nunnery.
Passing of Arthur. Of the
battle with the heathen hosts
of Modred. Of how the
knights of the Round Table
perished in the fight. Of
how the king was wounded
and of how he sent sir Bedi-
vere to throw Excalibur into
the lake, from whence it had
come. Of how sir Bedivere
at first would not and lied
to the king, but at last
yielded and flung Excalibur
into the lake. Of how Arthur
was carried to the water and
of how he did not die but
passed from sir Bedivere in
a funeral barge in which were
three queens.

IF I WERE LOVED, AS I DESIRE
TO BE.

An early sonnet in which the
poet declares that, with love at
his desire, he would fear nothing
in heaven or earth.

IN MEMORIAM, A. H. H.

A long poem in a unique
metre written to the memory
of the poet's greatest friend,
Arthur Henry Hallam, who
died at Vienna. The body was
brought back to be buried at
Clevedon — the home of the
Hallams. The poem contains
Tennyson's expressed thoughts
on Life and Death and God
and Man, as well as his pas-
sionate grief and love for Arthur
Henry Hallam.

IN MEMORIAM, WILLIAM
GEORGE WARD.

Six lines beginning —
1 Farewell, whose living like I
shall not find,'

IN THE CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL.

A nurse's description of the
illness and eventual death under
an operation of a little girl
in a children's hospital.

IN THE GARDEN AT SWAINS-
TON.

A lament for three dead
friends, memories of whom are
revived by the garden where
they had walked with the poet.

IN THE VALLEY OF CAUTER-
ETZ.

The poet's memories of a
dead friend who had formerly
been with him at Cauteretz.

ISABEL.

Three stanzas in praise of
Isabel — a pattern of purity and
holy calm.

ISLET, THE.

A woman urges her lover to
go with her to a beautiful island
he has described for her. He
refuses because

' a worm is there in the lonely
wood,
That pierces the liver and

blackens the blood ;
And makes it a sorrow to be.'

JUNE BRACKEN AND HEA-
THER.

Nine lines, dedicating a book
to a friend who has

KAP]

22

[LIT

1 a faith as clear as the heights
of the June-blue heaven,
And a fancy as summer-new
As the green of the bracken amid

the gloom of the heather.'

KAPIOLANI.

Six stanzas in praise of Kapio-
lani, chieftainess of the Sand-
wich Isles, who defied the
priesthood of the Island god-
dess, Peele, and so won the
people to Christianity.

KATE.

Two stanzas in which is de-
scribed a lady who bears strong
resemblance to Shakespeare's
Kate — the Shrew.

KRAKEN, THE.

A sonnet describing some
sort of horrible sea monster
called the Kraken.

LADY CLARA VERE DE VERE.

Nine stanzas addressed by a
poet to a certain nobly-born but
haughty lady. He assures her
that

' Kind hearts are more than
coronets,
And simple faith than Nor-
man blood.'

LADY CLARE.

A narrative poem. Lady
Clare discovers on the eve of
her marriage that she is not
lady Clare, and that the real
owner of her lands and wealth
is her husband-to-be. She
hastens to tell him the truth.
He appreciates her honesty but
declares that he will marry her

and that she shall ' still be
Lady Clare.'

LADY OF SHALOTT, THE.

The story of a mysterious
lady who viewed the outer
world solely through the medi-
um of a mirror, because a
curse would fall upon her if
she ever looked through the
window. She fell in love with
the reflection of sir Lancelot as
he passed towards Camelot,
and, risking the curse, allowed a
boat to carry her down stream
in the same direction. She
presently arrived at Camelot —
a corpse. An Italian romance
upon the Donna di Scalotta is
said to have suggested this
poem. — Palgrave's Lyric Poems
of Tennyson.

LEONINE ELEGIACS.

In praise of ' sweet Rosalind.'

LETTERS, THE.

Six stanzas in which the poet
tells the story of a man and
woman, formerly affianced,
separated by slanders. The
woman returns his letters, but
he replies with such a burst of
invective against her whole
sex, that he frightens her into
a reconciliation that ends in
marriage.

LILIAN.

Four stanzas in which the
poet praises ' Airy, fairy Lilian.'

LITERARY SQUABBLES.

A short lament that such
things as petty strife between
literary men should exist.

LOC]

23

[LUC

LOCKSLEY HALL.

The soliloquy of a rejected
lover. He recounts the inci-
dents of his courtship, the
ambitions of his youth, and the
plans he has formed to induce
forgetfulness of his unhappy
love. These are rejected, and
he leaves Locksley Hall — the
scene of his courtship — with a
noble resolution to live his life
worthily.

LOCKSLEY HALL SIXTY
YEARS AFTER.

A sequel to Locksley Hall.
The young lover has now be-
come an old man and the
changes wrought by age are
emphasized by the poet.

LORD OF BURLEIGH.

The story of the marriage of a
village girl with the Lord of
Burleigh and of her subsequent
death from the effects of

' the burthen of an honour
Unto which she was not born.'

LOTOS-EATERS, THE.

Some mariners find an en-
chanted isle ' In which it seemed
always afternoon.' Bewitched
by the magic lotos plant, they
grow weary of wandering and
declare that they ' will no
longer roam.' The poem is
founded on Odyssey ix. 82 seq.

LOVE AND DEATH.

A few lines in which the poet
recounts the meeting of Love
and Death and the former's
declaration —
' — I shall reign for ever over all.'

LOVE AND DUTY.

A blank verse poem. Two
lovers, parted by their sense of
duty, contemplate a lonely
future with a faint hope of love's
fulfilment in some future age.

LOVER'S TALE, THE

Argument. Julian, whose
cousin and foster-sister Camilla,
has been wedded to his friend
and rival Lionel, endeavours
to relate the story of his own
love for her and the strange
sequel. He speaks of having
been haunted by a vision and
the sound of bells tolling for a
funeral, and at last ringing for
a marriage ; but he breaks
away overcome, as he approaches
the event, and a witness to it
completes the tale in the Golden
Supper. Eleven months after
her marriage to Lionel, Camilla,
supposedly dead, is borne to
the vault. Julian, going for a
last farewell to his cousin,
finds her alive. After some
time has passed he gives a great
feast, at which he contrives the
meeting of Lionel and the wife
he had thought dead.

LOVE THOU THY LAND.

An exhortation in the metre
of In Memoriam to a wise love
of England.

LUCRETIUS.

Lucilla, wife of Lucretius,
dissatisfied with her husband's
attitude towards herself, bought
a love-philtre and mingled it
with his drink. It, however,

MAD]

clouded his brain with insane
fancies, and in a fit of madness
he committed suicide, to the
despair of his repentant wife.

MADELINE.

Three stanzas in praise of
' Ever varying Madeline.'

MAKING OF MAN, THE.

Two stanzas in which the
poet expresses a belief in the —
as yet incompleted — evolution
of man.

MARGARET.

Five stanzas in praise of
' Sweet pale Margaret.'

MARIANA.

A poem in which the forlorn
state of Mariana in waiting for
her faithless lover is described.
The character and circum-
stance are taken from Shake-
speare's Measure for Measure.

MARIANA IN THE SOUTH.

Another description of the
sad betrothed of the faithless
Angelo in Measure for Measure.

MAUD: A MONODRAMA.

A morbid man grows to
love Maud the playmate of
his youth. She, too, loves
him. But he quarrels with her
brother, she dies and he goes
away. After her death, he is
ill and for a time loses his rea-
son, and fancies himself dead.
He at length comes to a better
frame of mind and finds con-
solation in fighting for his
country. Part of the poem
— the verses beginning ' Come

24 [MER

into the garden, Maud ' — has
been set to music and is well-
known as a song.

MAY QUEEN, THE.

A poem in three parts. In
the first a young girl requests
her mother to call her early in
the morning of may-day for
she is to be may-queen. In
the second part — called New
Year's Eve — the former may-
queen supposes herself to be
dying, and bids farewell to her
mother with many regrets for
the happy life she leaves. In
the Conclusion, however, she
is still alive though it is spring
time again. She thinks that
her death really is near and de-
clares herself glad to go where
* — the wicked cease from

troubling, and the weary

are at rest.'

MECHANOPHILUS.

A short poem written in the
time of the first railways. The
poet marvels at present inven-
tion and anticipates great things
to come.

MERLIN AND THE GLEAM.

Merlin speaks, though all his
life he has had for guidance the
gleam — a lodestar revealed to
him by the great magician and
prophet who has taught him his
Art.

MERMAID, THE.

Three stanzas, descriptive of
an imaginary mermaid loved
by many mermen and married
by a sea-king.

MER]

25

[NOR

MERMAN, THE.

The poet's idea, expressed in a
poem of three stanzas, of the
merry life of a merman under
the sea.

MILLER'S DAUGHTER, THE.

A man happily married to a
miller's daughter goes through
his former life in retrospect
with his wife — now growing old
with him. He says that his
life has been so happy that
' Would God renew me from
my birth
I'd almost live my life again.'

MILTON.

An experiment in Alcaics.
The poet praises Milton in
glowing words.

MINE BE THE STRENGTH OF
SPIRIT.

A sonnet expressing the poet's
desire for a spiritual strength
corresponding with the tre-
mendous strength of a river in
the physical world.

MINNIE AND WINNIE.

A ' child-song ' beginning —
' Minnie and Winnie
Slept in a shell.'
and ending with —
'Wake, little ladies,
The sun is aloft ! '

MONTENEGRO.

A sonnet to Montenegro,
which is thus addressed —
' O smallest among peoples !

rough rock-throne
Of Freedom ! '

MORTE D' ARTHUR.

A beautiful description in
blank verse of the mysterious
passing and last words of the
British hero-king.

MOVE EASTWARD, HAPPY
EARTH.

A fragment in which the
poet exhorts the earth to move
eastward more quickly in order
that his wedding day may come
the sooner.

MY LIFE IS FULL OF WEARY
DAYS.

A dying man bids farewell to
his friend and leaves the last
request —

1 Come only, when the days are
still,
And at my headstone whis-
per low,
And tell me if the woodbines
blow.'

NORTHERN COBBLER.

A dialect poem in which the
Northern Cobbler tells a friend
the story of how he cured him-
self of drunkenness.

NORTHERN FARMER, OLD
STYLE.

A poem in dialect. A north-
ern farmer who is failing, has
been visited by doctor and
parson and is equally scornful of
both. He reviews his life and
decides to disregard the doctor
and take his beer as usual. The
poem was suggested by a story
told to the poet by his great-
uncle of a Lincolnshire farm-

NOR]

26

[OF

bailiff, who on his death-bed
said : ' God A'mighty little
knows what He's a boot, a-takin'
me, an' 'Squire '11 be so mad an'
all!'

NORTHERN FARMER, NEW
STYLE.

A dialect poem in which a
more modern northern farmer
gives his son advice as to
marriage —

' Doant thou marry for munny,
but go a wheer munny is ! '
The poem was suggested by the
remark of a rich neighbour,
' When I canters my 'erse along
the ramper I 'ears proputty,
proputty, proputty.''

NOTHING WILL DIE.

One of the poet's earlier
efforts in which he declares that
though the world may change
yet nothing will die.

OAK, THE.

Three short stanzas in which
the poet exhorts his readers to
imitate in their own lives the
stages in the life of an oak tree.

ODE ON THE DEATH OF THE
DUKE OF WELLINGTON.

A beautiful funeral ode, on
the death of the great duke.
The poet expresses an ' Em-
pire's lamentation,' recounts the
great deeds and fine qualities
of the duke and ends with the
prayer

1 God accept him, Christ
receive him.'

ODE SUNG AT THE OPENING
OF THE INTERNATIONAL
EXHIBITION.

An Ode written for the open-
ing of the Exhibition. The
poet regrets that the Prince
Consort — upon whose sugges-
tion the Exhibition was founded
— had succumbed to an attack
of typhoid fever, and fore-
shadows the time when the
1 arts of peace ' shall have
entirely superseded for all time
the ' works of war.'

ODE TO MEMORY.

An invocation to Memory
which the poet personifies as a
friend with whom —

' to live alone
Were how much better than to

own
A crown, a sceptre, and a

throne ! '

CENONE.

The very beautiful lament of
the nymph (Enone, deserted
by her lover, the shepherd-
prince, Paris. She relates the
story of the Three Goddesses
and Paris's judgment in favour
of Aphrodite and of the conse-
quent love of Paris for Helen
of Troy. CEnone ends her
tragic story with the declaration
1 That, wheresoe'er I am by
night and day,
All earth and air seem only
burning fire.'

OF OLD SAT FREEDOM ON
THE HEIGHTS.

A five stanza poem in which

ON]

27

[POE

Freedom is described, personi-
fied as ' Grave mother of
majestic works.'

ON A MOURNER.

A poem in seven stanzas in
which the poet describes the
ways in which Religion and
Nature combine to console a
mourner.

ON ONE WHO AFFECTED AN
EFFEMINATE MANNER.

Four lines, the gist of which
seems to be — ' man woman is
not woman man.'

ON THE JUBILEE OF QUEEN
VICTORIA.

Eleven stanzas in which the
poet recounts the glories of the
Queen and of her reign, and ends
with a forecast of a happy future#

ON TRANSLATIONS OF HOMER.

An experiment in Hexameter s
and Pentameters .

OPENING OF THE INDIAN AND
COLONIAL EXHIBITION BY
THE QUEEN.

Lines written by the poet, as
Laureate, for the royal opening
of the above Exhibition.

OWD ROA.

An old native of the North of
England tells his son — in dialect
— the story of the way in which
1 old Rover ' saved his (the
son's) life in a fire. The grate-
ful father declares that his in-
tention is ' to maake 'is owd
a age as 'appy ' as he possibly
can. ' Owd Roa ' is the north-
ern version for Old Rover.

The poem is the poet's version
of a report that he had read in a
newspaper about a black re-
triever which saved a child from
a burning house.

OWL, THE

A song in two stanzas ad-
dressed to a white owl who ' in
the belfry sits.'

PALACE OF ART, THE

* A sort of allegory ' in which
the poet tells the story of a gifted
soul who had a passion for Beauty
que beauty — ' Art for Art's
sake.' She dwells for some time
secure in a palace of perfect
beauty but is at length cast out
to bemoan her error in exclud-
ing Love from her scheme of
life.

PARNASSUS.

A description in three stanzas
of the Mountain of the Gods.
The poem is prefaced by a
quotation from Horace.

PLAY, THE

A quatrain descriptive of the
gradual unwinding of the plot
of a drama.

POET, THE

A short poem setting forth
the mission of a Poet.

POET'S MIND, THE

Two stanzas, beginning —

1 Vex not thou the poet's mind

With thy shallow wit :

The poet goes on to describe
the nature of a poet's mind and
warns off all alien spirits from
what he declares is ' holy
ground.'

POE]

28

[PRO

POET'S SONG, THE

Two stanzas in which the
effect of the song of a poet on
birds and beasts is described.

POETS AND CRITICS.

HSfAn exhortation to poets bid-
ding them disregard critics and
' Hold thine own, and work thy

will ! '
In two stanzas.

POETS AND THEIR BIBLIO-
GRAPHIES.

Tennyson congratulates the
ancient poets that they lived
' Before the Love of Letters,

overdone,
Had swampt the sacred poets

with themselves.'

POLAND.

An early sonnet expressing a
passionate sympathy with the
woes of Poland.

POLITICS.

A short poem of a single
stanza addressed to

' — you that drive, and know
your Craft,'
i.e., politicians, exhorting them

not to be swayed by the cries

of the multitude.

PREFATORY POEM TO MY
BROTHER'S SONNETS.

A poem written as a preface
to the dead poet's dead brother's
sonnets. It contains tender
memories of the dead and earnest
hopes that the living poet may
follow the example of the dead
one.

PREFATORY SONNET TO THE
< NINETEENTH CENTURY.'

A sonnet as described in the
title.

PRINCESS, THE: A MEDLEY.

A story in blank verse — inter-
spersed with lyrics of great
beauty — of a certain princess
Ida ' proxy wedded ' in infancy
to a neighbouring prince. The
princess however, on attaining
marriageable age, elects to
found a college for women from
which men are rigidly excluded.
To this house of learning the
prince and his two friends gain
access disguised as girls, would-
be students. After many
amusing adventures, the sex
of the three friends is dis-
covered and the prince woos
and weds Ida after all.

PROGRESS OF SPRING.

A poem in nine stanzas de-
scribing the gradual coming of
Spring to its full perfection.

PROLOGUE TO GENERAL
HAMLEY.

Lines addressed to Sir Ed-
ward Hamley as a prologue to
The Charge of the Heavy
Brigade at Balaclava. The
short poem is descriptive of the
visit of General Hamley to
Aldworth and the fine autumnal
view from that place.

PROMISE OF MAY, THE

A play described as a ' Village
Tragedy.' The hero — a selfish
libertine — among other wicked-
nesses, seduces and then deserts

QUE]

29

[RIZ

a village girl. After many
years he returns to the scene
of his crime, determined to
make reparation by marrying
the surviving elder sister, and
rescue her old father from ruin.
But the girl whom he had be-
trayed long ago appears, and
with her dying forgiveness,
awakes in her seducer a true
repentance, such as he had not
felt before. The magnanimity
of the father completes his
moral salvation, and he quits
the scene to make expiation by
lifelong contrition.

QUEEN MARY.

A five-act play in blank verse,
setting forth the tragedy of the
reign of Mary Tudor, of her
bigoted Roman Catholicism, of
her piteous childless marriage
with Philip of Spain, and of her
painful illness and final death.
The tragedy ends with the
accession of Elizabeth.
RECOLLECTIONS OF THE
ARABIAN NIGHTS.

An early poem in which the
poet describes the imaginary
adventures of a boy after reading
the Arabian Nights.

REQUIESCAT.

Two quatrains in memory of
a woman who died while young.
The poet is sure that
' Her peaceful being slowly
passes by
To some more perfect
peace.'
REVENGE, THE

A stirring ' Ballad of the

Fleet, ' in which the poet tells
the story of Sir Richard Gren-
ville's single-handed achieve-
ment, when his flagship, the
little ' Revenge,' fought a fleet
of fifty-three Spanish galleons
for a day and a night before the
death from wounds of the
heroic Sir Richard, with these
words on his lips —
* I have fought for Queen and
Faith like a valiant man and
true ;

I have only done my duty as a
man is bound to do :

With a joyful spirit I Sir
Richard Grenville die ! '
The materials of this ballad were
drawn from a ' Report ' of the
fight by Sir Walter Raleigh.

RIFLEMEN FORM!

A recruiting song written to
encourage the volunteer move-
ment, before it was properly
started.

RING, THE

A blank verse poem in the
form of a conversation between
father and daughter on the
latter's wedding morning. The
father gives his child the ring
which had belonged to her dead
mother, and tells the legend
which endowed it with certain
magic powers. He then re-
lates the full story of the ring's
effect in his own life and that
of his daughter's mother and
stepmother.

RIZPAH.

A poem in seventeen stanzas,
in which a criminal's mother,

ROM]

30

[ST

on her deathbed, tells a woman
the story of her son's crime, his
death by hanging and her own
theft of his bones in order to
bury them in holy ground.
She ends with a confident trust
in God's mercy —
* — He means me I'm sure to

be happy with Willy, I know

not where.'
The poem was suggested by
a story, which appeared in a
magazine entitled Old Brighton,
of a young man named Rooke
who was hanged in chains for
robbing the mail in the eight-
eenth century. ' When the
elements had caused the clothes
and flesh to decay, his aged
mother, night after night, in all
weathers, and the more tempes-
tuous the weather the more
frequent the visits, made a
sacred pilgrimage to the lonely
spot on the Downs, and it was
noticed that on her return she
always brought something away
with her in her apron. Upon
being watched, it was discovered
that the bones of the hanging
man were the objects of her
search, and as the wind and
rain scattered them on the
ground she conveyed them to
her home. There she kept
them, and, when the gibbet was
stripped of its horrid burden,
in the dead silence of the night
she interred them in the hal-
lowed enclosure of Old Shore-
ham Churchyard.'

ROMNEY'S REMORSE.

Romney, in his youth, was

told that * wife and children
drag an artist down,' so he de-
serted his young wife and child.
In this poem the dying Romney
expresses his remorse and im-
plores the forgiveness of the
wife, who heaps coals of fire
upon his head by nursing him
when he comes to her in his last
illness.

ROSALIND.

A song to Rosalind — whom
the poet likens to a bright-eyed
falcon — in three stanzas.

ROSES ON THE TERRACE.

The sight of the roses on the
terrace brings to the poet me-
mories of a courtship fifty years
old.

SAILOR BOY.

A song of a boy who went to
sea in obedience to his irre-
sistible desire, and in spite of
all ' danger of the roaring sea.'

ST. AGNES' EVE.

A beautiful poem in three
stanzas. The young virgin-
martyr, St. Agnes, soliloquizes
on the eve of her death.

ST. SIMEON STYLITES.

The Saint, who spent ' thrice
ten years ' on the top of a
column to expiate his sins, in
this poem makes his last prayer
to God.

ST. TELEMACHUS.

The story, in blank verse, of
an heroic man, who in the time
of gladiatorial combats in Rome,
came from the East to stop these

—

SEA]

31

[SON

murderous exhibitions. He was
stoned to death, for daring to
enter the arena to stop the
people's pleasure. But the em-
peror forbade such combats for
the future.

SEA DREAMS.

A narrative in blank verse. A
man — bitter at the loss of money
— his wife and infant daughter
go to stay at the sea-side. The
man and wife dream of the
coast, wake, recount their
dreams, and the man is pre-
vailed upon to forgive a preacher
of the town, against whom he
bore a grudge, but who has died
suddenly. The slumber song
1 What does little birdie say '
occurs in the poem.

SEA-FAIRIES.

A short poem in which the
poet describes the legendary
syrens of the sea and their
enchanted singing which lured
mariners on to dangerous rocks.
The theme is taken from Homer.

SILENT VOICES, THE

The poet beseeches the ' silent
voices ' of the dead to urge him
forward — * On ! and always on ! '
— not drag him back.

SIR GALAHAD.

A short poem in which king
Arthur's youngest and purest
knight describes himself and his
quest for the Holy Grail.

SIR JOHN FRANKLIN.

Lines on the cenotaph in
Westminster Abbey. The poet

praises the ' heroic sailor-soul '
of the great Arctic explorer.

SIR JOHN OLDCASTLE, LORD

COBHAM.

Soliloquy of Lord Cobham
— one of the earliest protestants
— who was burnt for heresy on
Christmas Day, 1417.

SIR LAUNCELOT AND QUEEN
GUINEVERE.

A fragment — a description of
king Arthur's Queen and her
lover, Sir Launcelot, as they
ride through the woods in
Spring.

SISTERS, THE.

A short poem. One of two
sisters is seduced by an earl,
and after death is avenged by
the death of the earl at the
hands of the surviving sister.

SISTERS, THE (EVELYN AND
EDITH).

A narrative in blank verse.
A man tells the story of his love
for two sisters. He married one
but was never able to make up
his mind which he cared for
most. His wife was alienated
from him by hearing of his
former wooing of her sister —
since dead.

SNOWDROP, THE.

A single stanza in which the
poet welcomes the first appear-
ance of the ' February fair
maid.'

SONNET TO .

The poet here seems to be-
lieve in a former existence, for

SPE]

32

[TIT

he writes in this sonnet to a
friend that at the first meeting —
' Methought that I had often

met with you,
And either lived in either's

heart and speech.'

SPECIMEN OF A TRANSLATION
OF THE ILIAD IN BLANK
VERSE.

Translation into stirring blank
verse of Iliad viii. 542-561.

SPINSTER'S SWEET- ARTS, THE

A dialect poem. The solilo-
quy of an ' old maid ' who has
named her cats after her one-
time sweethearts. She speaks
to the cats as though they were
indeed the men, and reminds
them of her young days of
courtship.

SPIRIT HAUNTS THE YEAR'S
LAST HOURS, A.

A song in two stanzas in which
the poet laments the passing
of the old year.

SPITEFUL LETTER, THE.

The soliloquy of a poet on
receiving a ' Spiteful Letter '
from a jealous fellow-poet.

SUPPOSED CONFESSIONS OF A
SECOND - RATE SENSITIVE
MIND.

Morbid, self-centred reflec-
tions about the relation of the
soul to God. An early poem.

TALKING OAK, THE.

A youthful poet obtains an
account of the doings — in his
absence — of the girl he loves
from an oak gifted with speech.

In return for the information
he vows to honour the oak in
prose and rhyme and make for
his bride a chaplet of oak-leaves.
A playful narrative in quatrains.

THIRD OF FEBRUARY, 1852.

Lines written on the political
situation at this time. The
poet regrets with scorn the
suggestion of the House of
Lords that English politicians
should curb their ' honest ce:. -
sure ' in order to placate France,
who, at this time, was regarded
as somewhat of a menace to
England.

THROSTLE, THE.

A short set of verses in which
the poet sets words to the music
of the song-thrush and hails the
bird as a ' wild little poet.'

TIRESIAS.

Tiresias, as a young man, had
looked upon Pallas Athene as
she came from the bath. He
was blind from that time, but
also gifted with a fatal gift of
prophecy to which none would
give ear. In this poem the
old and dying Tiresias tells his
son the story of his life, and
prophesies the ruin of Thebes
unless the young man will fight
bravely for the city of his birth.
The poem was suggested by the
Phcenisste of Euripides.

TITHONUS.

A soliloquy in blank verse, in
which Tithonus regrets bitterly
the irrevocable gift of immor-

TO]

tality bestowed on him by the
gods. The story is told in the
Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite.

TO ALFRED TENNYSON, MY
GRANDSON.

Lines written to ' golden-
hair'd Ally,' grandson and name-
sake of the poet, who is ad-
dressed as a ' Glorious poet who
never hast written a line.'

TO DANTE.

Lines written at request of
the Florentines. The poet
casts at Dante's feet his tribute
of verse.

TO E. FITZGERALD.

Lines written on the death
of Edward Fitzgerald, an old
and close friend of the poet.
In these lines Tennyson intro-
duces a hope of eternal life into
his sadness at his friend's death.

TO E. L., ON HIS TRAVELS IN
GREECE.

Lines to a friend who had ap-
parently sent the poet vivid
accounts of Greece, for Tenny-
son declares himself to be
transported in spirit to the
Greece of the Golden Age.
* E. L.' was Edmund Lushing-
ton, who married Tennyson's
sister.

TO H.R.H. PRINCESS BEA-
TRICE.

Lines written on the marriage
of princess Beatrice, daughter
of queen Victoria. The poet
rejoices that the princess's
marriage will not entirely

33 I™

separate her from her widowed
mother.

TO J. M. K.

A sonnet written to a ' soldier
priest.'

TO J. S.

Lines written to a friend on
the death of a brother, who was
also a friend of the poet.

TO MARY BOYLE.

Lines written to accompany
a copy of The Progress of Spring,
sent by the poet to induce his
friend to leave London for his
own country home.

TOMORROW.

A narrative poem. An old
woman recognizes the body of
a young man laid in an Irish
churchyard as that of the lover
of her girlhood days. The man
had been lost in a peat bog, and
the peat had preserved the body
perfectly.

TO ONE WHO RAN DOWN THE
ENGLISH.

Four lines in which the poet
expresses his hope that the
fears of one who depreciated
the English may prove false.

TO PROFESSOR JEBB.

Three stanzas dedicating
Demeter and Persephone to
Professor Jebb.

TO THE DUKE OF ARGYLL.

Lines to the * Patriot States-
man ' in which the poet urges
wisdom, foresight and courage.
D

TO]

TO THE MARQUIS OF DUF-
FERIN AND AVA.

Viceroy of India. The poet
praises the virtues of the mar-
quis and mourns for Lionel
Tennyson, who died in India,
and whose memory brought to
the poet affectionate memories
of lord Dufferin.

TO THE MASTER OF BALLIOL.

Lines written to dedicate
The Death of GLnone to the
Master of Balliol.

TO THE PRINCESS FREDERICA
OF HANOVER ON HER
MARRIAGE.

A marriage blessing in which
the poet assures the Princess
that her dead father's blessing
is upon her.

TO THE QUEEN. I.

A Dedication to queen Vic-
toria of the poet's collected
poems — ' this poor book of
song.' The poem was written
on the occasion of Tennyson's
appointment as Poet Laureate,
1850.

TO THE QUEEN. II.

An epilogue to The Idylls of
the King, in which with fervent
loyalty the poet begs her to
accept them as a tribute to the
memory of

* one to whom I made it o'er
his grave.'
He prays for blessings for the
Queen and England.

TO THE REV. F. D. MAURICE.

An invitation to pay a visit

34 [TO

to the poet and his family sent
by Tennyson to the godfather
of Hallam Tennyson.

TO THE REV. W. H. BROOK-
FIELD.

A sonnet written at the death
of an old Cambridge friend.
The poet recalls past companion-
ship and prays a blessing for the
dead.

TO ULYSSES.

Lines sent by the poet to W.
G. Palgrave. Ulysses was the
title of a book of Palgrave's
Essays, descriptive of Travels.
This poem conveys the poet's
pleasure in this book of Pal-
grave's Essays — a ' various book '
— in thanks for which he sends
' a gift of slenderer value,' a
book of his own.

TOURNEY, THE.

The story of a knight who
was victorious in a tourney and
won his lady-love. A short
poem in three stanzas.

TO VICTOR HUGO.

A sonnet written to Victor
Hugo, after Lionel Tennyson
had visited the French poet in
France.

TO VIRGIL.

A poem in ten stanzas.

Tennyson salutes the ancient

poet as the

* Wielder of the stateliest mea-
sure ever moulded by the
lips of man.'

TO W. C. MACREADY.

A sonnet addressed to the

TO]

actor on his retirement from the
stage.

TO WITH PALACE OF ART.

Lines in which the poet dedi-
cated his ' sort of allegory,' to a
friend who ' will understand.'

TWO VOICES, THE.

The poem is an account of the
agitations, the suggestions, and
counter-suggestions of a mind
sunk in hopeless despondency,
and meditating self-destruction ;
together with the manner of its
recovery to a more healthy
condition.

ULYSSES.

A short poem. The solilo-
quy of the aged Ulysses ex-
pressing his unconquerable love
of adventure. He leaves his
son to manage his kingdom and
sets forth once more on his
voyaging with undiminished
zest. The theme of the poem
is from Dante's Inferno, Canto

XXVI.

VASTNESS.

A poem in which the poet
declares the whole Creation
to be simply an unmeaning
vastness unless interpreted by
the doctrine of the immortality
of life and love.

VICTIM, THE.

A narrative poem. An an-
cient kingdom was ravaged by
plague and famine. The priests
consulted the gods and declared
that only the sacrifice of the
* nearest and dearest ' to the

35 i™1

king would appease their wrath.
The priests took the king's only
son, but at the last moment the
queen substituted herself for
her son, declaring that she was
the dearest to the king.

VILLAGE WIFE, THE.

A poem in Lincolnshire dia-
lect, in which an old ' village
wife ' tells the story of an old
book-loving, impractical squire,
whose estate was entailed, and
was to come to the nearest male
relation, passing over the squire's
many daughters. The death of
the squire and his only son at the
same time leaves the daughters
entirely unprovided for, and a
stranger becomes squire and
owner of the estate.

VISION OF SIN, THE.

A poem in which the poet
recounts a vision of a purely
sensual soul. It may have been
suggested by Shelley's Triumph
of Life.

VOICE AND THE PEAK, THE.

The Peak signifies height, the
voice of the Peak is drawn down-
wards, for ' the deep has power
on the height,' but the ' thought
of man ' is higher and deeper
than either, and will endure long
after

1 The valley, the voice, the peak,
the star,
Pass, and are found no more.'

VOICE SPAKE OUT OF THE
SKIES, A.

A fragment. A heavenly
voice declares that the earth will

VOY]

36

[WIL

endure but for a moment. The
poet in answer to a beggar's
cry for food, reflects that if the
Voice speak truth, the giving
and receiving of food is of very
little moment.

VOYAGE, THE.

A poem in twelve stanzas.
The story of an endless voyage
in the wake of a vision —

' — blind or lame or sick or

sound,
We follow that which flies
before.'

VOYAGE OF MAELDUNE, THE.

The story of a legendary Irish
Chief who called his men to-
gether to sail with him to the
Isle of Finn to avenge the death
of his father. They reached
the Isle, but were blown away be-
fore they could land. They con-
tinued their voyage and landed
at various magic islands in all
of which they fought. After a
while they came to the Isle of
Brendan, who blest them and
bade them ' Let the past be
past,' so when they reached the
Isle of Finn where the murderer
of Maeldune's father was, they
forewent revenge and left the
murderer alive.

WAGES.

' The wages of sin is death,'
but, says the poet, the wages of
virtue is ' the glory of going on.'
Two stanzas.

WALKING TO THE MAIL.

A conversation in blank verse
between two men walking to the

mail. They discuss a neigh-
bour and politics, and their own
youthful doings.

WANDERER, THE.

Four stanzas in which a ' wan-
derer ' bids farewell to his friends
and passes on.

WAN SCULPTOR, WEEPEST
THOU TO TAKE THE CAST

A sonnet in which the poet
contrasts the grief of a sculptor
or painter making a portrait of
some dead friend with the
greater grief of one who mourns
the death of love itself — more
generous than the death of
love's object.

WELCOME TO ALEXANDRA, A.

A poem written to welcome
the young and beautiful Danish
bride of the Prince of Wales —
afterwards Edward VII. It is
full of enthusiasm and praise for
the young Princess, now the
Queen-mother.

WELCOME TO H.R.H. MARIE
ALEXANDROVNA, DUCHESS
OF EDINBURGH.

Another poem of welcome for
a bride. It was written at the
time of the marriage of the
duke of Edinburgh with the
Russian princess Marie Alex-
androvna .

WILL.

Two stanzas in which the poet
praises the man who possesses
a strong will and pities the man
whose will is weak.

WIL]

37

[YOU

WILL WATERPROOF'S LYRI-
CAL MONOLOGUE.

A monologue of a wine-loving
man, seated in his favourite
tavern. It is a discourse upon
wine and the purely physical
pleasures of life, in light, humor-
ous verse.

WINDOW, THE.

A song cycle ' in the German
fashion ' written for music of
sir Arthur Sullivan. The story
is a series of little songs of the
loves of two wrens.

WINDS, AS AT THEIR HOUR OF
BIRTH, THE.

A song, in two stanzas, of the
freedom of the winds.

WRECK, THE.

A woman, unhappily married,
escapes by sea with a more con-
genial lover than her husband.
She is haunted by memories of
her only child, and when, after
ten days, the boat is wrecked
and her lover killed, she cries to

be taken back to it. Her re-
morse comes too late, as the
child died on the night of the
wreck. The poem is in the
form of a story told by the
woman herself to her mother.

YOU ASK ME WHY, THO' ILL
AT EASE.

In this poem the poet answers
those who question him as to
why, in spite of disadvantage,
he still chooses to live in Eng-
land. England is free, ' a man
may speak the thing he will,'
but in spite of his choice of
England as a permanent home,
the poet desires to visit other
lands before he dies.

YOU MIGHT HAVE WON THE
POET'S NAME.

A poem written after reading
a biography of one who ' might
have won the poet's name ' but
preferred a silent ' deedful ' life
and so escaped the unseemly
posthumous publicity which is
the lot of poets.

THE TENNYSON DICTIONARY

ABADDON.

The angel of the bottomless
pit.

And they had a king over them, which is
the angel of the bottomless pit, whose name
in the Hebrew tongue is Abaddon. Rev.
ix. 2.

ABDIEL.

St. Simeon Stylites.

One of the Seraphim, who
withstood Satan in his revolt
against God.

So spake the Seraph Abdiel, faithful found »
Among the faithless faithful only he ;
Among innumerable false unmoved,
Unshaken, unseduced, unterrified,
His loyalty he kept, his love, his zeal;
Milton : Paradise Lost, Book v. 896-900.

Milton.

ABEL.

Hear me, son. As gold
Outvalues dross, light darkness, Abel Cain,
The soul the body, and the Church the Throne,

Becket.
ABOMINABLE.

The Abominable, that uninvited came
Into the fair Peleian banquet-hall.

Has reference to Eris, the
Greek goddess of strife and dis-
cord. She was the only goddess
who was not invited to the
marriage of Peleus and Thetis,
and in revenge threw a golden
apple among the guests, which
led to the Trojan war.

CEnone.
ABSALOM.

Deal gently with the young man Absalom.

Bishop Foliot's reference to
Archbishop Becket.

Becket.

ab6 said.

Sufee poet, born a.d. 968*
died at the age of 83. He was
a mystical poet, and some of
his expressions have been com-
pared to our George Herbert,
Poet's Note.

Akbar's Dream.

ACACIA.

The name of a thorny tree
found in Egypt.

The Princess ; Maud.

ACADEME.

=Academy.

who could think
The softer Adams of your Academe,

Shakespeare in Love's Labour's
Lost uses the same term.

The Princess.

AC ANTHUS- WRE ATH.

The Acanthus is a prickly
plant, the leaves of which are
reproduced in the capital of
Corinthian and Composite Or-
ders. Lotos-Eaters.

ACHJEANS.

The common name for the
Greek nation in the Homeric
period.

Achilles over the Trench.

ACHILLES.

Son of Peleus and Thetis,
grandson of ^Eacus, king of the
island of iEgina, and the most

39

ACH]

famous of the Greek heroes
in the Trojan war. When a
baby he was taken to the river
Styx, for it was said that those
who bathed in its waters could
never be wounded. Afraid to
let go her child for fear he might
drown, his mother plunged
him into the tide, holding him
fast by one heel. This she
held so tightly that the waters
never wet it, and some time
after, when too late to
remedy it, the oracle told her
lie would be wounded in his
heel. At Troy he slew Hector,
tied the corpse by the heels to
his chariot and dragged it three
times round the walls of Troy.
After several other great fights
Achilles was wounded in his
heel by a poisoned arrow, shot
by Paris, from which he died.
Thus was fulfilled the prophecy.
Upon his death his arms were
awarded to Ulysses, who after-
wards saw and conversed with
him in Hades. It is supposed
that he married Helen after
the siege of Troy, but others
maintain that he was married
after death in the island of
Leuce, where many of the
ancient heroes lived.

It may be we shall touch the Happy Isles,
And see the great Achilles, whom we knew.

The story of his quarrel with
Agamemnon — who deprived
him of his favourite mistress,
Briseis — is the main subject of
the Iliad of Homer. In the
Odyssey he is one of the heroes
of the underworld visited by

4° [ACR

Odysseus, and is also one of the
characters in Shakespeare's
Troilus and Cressida.
Ulysses ; Achilles over the Trench.

ACRE.

A seaport on the coast of
Syria, on a promontory north
of Mount Carmel. It was cap-
tured by the Saracens in 638,
by the Crusaders in 1104, re-
captured by the Saracens in
1 1 87, and in 1191, after a two
years' siege and a loss of 300,000
soldiers, it was taken by the
Crusaders under Richard Cceur
de Lion and Philip Augustus.
It was then named St. Jean
d'Acre on account of it being
the headquarters of the Knights
of the Order of St. John. It
was again taken by the Saracens
in 1 29 1, when 60,000 Christians
perished. In 15 17 it was cap-
tured by the Turks, and in 1799
was besieged by the French
under Napoleon, but was suc-
cessfully defended by the gar-
rison with the aid of English
sailors under sir Sydney Smith.
In 1832 it was stormed by
Ibrahim Pasha, son of the vice-
roy of Egypt, in whose posses-
sion it remained until 1840,
when it was captured by a com-
bined English, Austrian and
Turkish fleet under sir Robert
Stopford.

The Foresters.
ACRISIUS.

The included Danae has escaped again
Her tower, and her Acrisius — where to seek ?
I have been about the city.

In Greek mythology, king of

ACT]

41

Argos and father of Danae (q.v).
Being told by an oracle that his
daughter's son would kill him,
he kept her shut up in a tower
of brass, where she became the
mother of Perseus — who won
the Golden Fleece, and cut
off the Gorgon's head — by-
Jupiter, in the form of a
golden shower. Acrisius then
ordered his daughter and her
child to be cast into the sea,
but they were rescued by a
fisherman named Dictys. When
Perseus was grown to manhood,
wishing to show his skill in
throwing the quoit, he by mis-
adventure struck the foot of
Acrisius with a quoit, which
caused his death, and thus the
oracle was unhappily fulfilled.
Acrisius reigned about 31 years.
Becket.

ACTON (Roger). See Roger Acton.

ADAIR. See Ellen, Ellen Adair.

ADAM.

For since the time when Adam first
Embraced his Eve in happy hour,

And every bird of Eden burst
In carol, every bud to flower,

j-Dreatn.

Day-

ADAM.

so might there be
Two Adams, two mankinds, and that was clean
Against God's work :

Columbus.
ADAM.

From yon blue heavens above us bent
The gardener Adam and his wife
Smile at the claims of long descent.

Lady Clara Fere de Fere.
ADAMS.

who could think
The softer Adams of your Academe,

The Princess.

[1E0

Adam is used here as ' Galen '
in Canto 1, line 19.

ADAM'S WINE.

A cant phrase for water as a
beverage.

Northern Cobbler.
ADDER

A small serpent of the genus
Vi'pera.

Harold ; Becket.

ADELINE.

You are not less divine,
But more human in your moods,
Than your twin-sister, Adeline.

ADELINE.

Margaret.
Adeline.

ADMIRAL OF THE OCEAN.

Atitle conferred upon Colum-
bus and on his heirs and suc-
cessors for ever, by Ferdinand
of Spain.

JEAKIDES. See Achilles.

/EGIS.

In mythology the shield of
Jupiter, made of the hide of the
goat Amalthaea. Jupiter gave
this shield to Pallas, who placed
upon it Medusa's head, which
turned into stone all those who
fixed their eyes upon it. It
was the symbol of divine pro-
tection.

and round
The warrior's puissant shoulders Pallas flung
Her fringed aegis,

Achilles over the Trench.

JEOLIAN HARP.

A stringed instrument con-
sisting of a box, on or in which
were stretched strings, on which
the wind acted to produce the

OS]

42

[AGR

notes. It was usually placed
at an open window.

Two Voices.
iESOP.

Inverted iEsop — mountain out of mouse.
Say for ten thousand ten — and pothouse
knaves,

iEsop was a famous Greek
fabulist who lived in the sixth
century B.C. Little is known
of his history except that he
was a native of Phrygia and a
slave, but subsequently set
free by Jadmon of Samos.
Visiting the court of Croesus
he gained his confidence to
such an extent that he was
sent on several missions, on
one of which to Delphi he
was put to death by the priests.
(b.c. 620-560).

Queen Mary.
JETNA.

A mountain on the east coast
of Sicily, noted for its volcano.
Demeter and Persephone ;
Lover's Tale.

AFRIC (Africa).

The voices of our universal sea

On capes of Afric as on cliffs of Kent,
The Maoris and that Isle of Continent,

And loyal pines of Canada murmur thee,

A Welcome to Her Royal
Highness Marie Alex-
androvna, Duchess of
Edinburgh.

AGARIC.

A fungus, to which the com-
mon mushroom belongs.

Edwin Morris ; Gareth and
Lynette.

AGATHA.

A sister of mercy, who per-
suaded Eva Steer, who was sup-

posed to be drowned, to return
home to her father and implore
his forgiveness. Agatha rescued
Eva when she was about to
commit suicide by drowning.
Promise of May.

AGAVE.

A plant, native of the warmer
parts of America. It takes
from ten to seventy years,
according to climate, to attain
maturity, the stem rising to a
height of 40 feet.

The Daisy.
AGINCOURT.

A village in Pas-se-Calais
where one of the more import-
ant battles in the Hundred
Years' War was fought ; Henry V
defeating the French on October
25, 1415.

The Princess.
AGLA'IA.

The child of Lady Psyche.
Means brightness, and is the
name of one of the Graces.

Her maiden babe, a double April old,
Aglaia slept.

The Princess.

AGNED-CATHREGONION.

The scene of one of king
Arthur's battles. Some author-
ities consider it to be a hill in
Somersetshire ; according to
others Edinburgh is the place,
as the old name of that city was
Agned.

And up in Agned-Cathregonion too,
And down the waste sand-shores of Trath
•', Treroit, i

Where manyJ'aTieathen fell ; *

Lancelot and Elaine.

AGRIPPINA.

A cultured and courageous

AGY]

43

[AKR

Roman matron, daughter of
Vipsanius Agrippa and Julia,
and the granddaughter of the
emperor Augustus. She mar-
ried Germanicus, whom she
accompanied on his campaigns,
and upon his death brought
his ashes to Rome ; was subse-
quently exiled to the island of
Pandataria, by Tiberius, where
she died in 33 a.d.

Of Agrippina.

and the Roman brows

The Princess here is pointing out
the brows on the marble statue
of Agrippina.

The Princess.
AGYPT (Egypt).

Tomorrow.

AIDONEUS.

A surname of Pluto, king
of the Molossi, who imprisoned
Theseus because he and Piri-
thous attempted to ravish his
daughter Proserpine, hence the
fable of the descent of Theseus
and Pirithous into hell.

Demeter and Persephone.

AILMER (John).

Chaplain to Henry Grey,
marquis of Dorset, and tutor
of lady Jane Grey. In 1522
he was made archdeacon of
Stow, but on the accession of
Mary was deprived of prefer-
ments for opposing in Convo-
cation the doctrine of Tran-
substantiation, and fled to
Zurich. In 1558, upon Eliza-
beth's accession, he returned,
was made archdeacon of London
1 562 ; D.D. of Oxford 1573; and

bishop of London 1577 (1521-

1594)-

Queen Mary.

AJALON.

Than that earth should stand at gaze like
Joshua's moon in Ajalon !

A valley in Palestine, and
the scene of a battle between
Joshua and five Canaanitish
kings, during which Joshua
commanded the sun and moon
to stand still.

' Sun, stand thou still upon Gibeon ; and thou,
Moon, in the valley of Ajalon.' Joshua x. 12.

Locksley Hall.

AKB AR ( Jellal - Ud - Din - Mo -
hammed).

The greatest of the Mogul
emperors, who, at the age of
13, succeeded his father Huma-
yun. Assuming the reins of
government at the age of 18,
he commenced his conquest of
Hindustan. He subdued and
ruled over fifteen provinces,
and his empire extended from
Cashmir to Ahmedabad and
from Cabul to Dacca. His
reign was marked by his daring
change of policy from fanatical
Mohammedanism to universal
tolerance. He consulted Mo-
hammedans, Hindus, Parsees,.
Jews and Christians, and drew
up a new faith upon eclectic
principles, by which he hoped
to unite all creeds and peoples ;
he abolished the poll-tax on
infidels and the pilgrimage tax
on Hindus (i 542-1 605).

Akbar's Dream.

AKROKERAUNIAN WALLS.

The long divine Peneian pass,
The vast Akrokeraunian walls,

ALB]

44

[ALC

The Acroceraunia : a moun-
tain range along the coast of
north-west Greece jutting out
into the Ionian sea.

To E. L.

ALBERIGHI (Federigo degli).
Federigo degli Alberighi.

See

ALBERT.

The Prince Consort, husband
of queen Victoria. Before the
Idylls of the King were pub-
lished the Prince died (1861),
and to his memory they were
afterwards dedicated.

These to His Memory — since he held

them dear,
Perchance as finding there unconsciously
Some image of himself — I dedicate,
I dedicate, I consecrate with tears —
These Idylls.

In the concluding lines of the
Dedication Tennyson added
some words of comfort to the
Queen on the death of the
Prince :

May all love,
His love, unseen but felt, o'ershadow Thee,
The love of all Thy sons encompass Thee,
The love of all Thy daughters cherish Thee,
The love of all Thy people comfort Thee,
Till God's love set Thee at his side again !

The success of the Exhibition
of 1 85 1 was mainly due to the
efforts of the Prince, who at
the time of his death was plan-
ning the International Ex-
hibition of 1862. In the Ode
sung at the Opening of the Inter-
national Exhibition, and the
Opening of the Indian and
Colonial Exhibition by the
Queen, the poet alludes to the
part played by the Prince in
connexion with these two Ex-
hibitions.

It was chiefly owing to the

Prince's admiration of In Me-
moriam that Tennyson was
appointed Poet Laureate.

Dedication of Idylls.
ALBERT.

And with him Albert came on his.

I look'd at him with joy ;
As cowslip unto oxlip is,

So seems she to the boy.

Brother of Olivia, who was
betrothed to Walter.

Talking Oak.
ALBION.

Ancient name for Britain, in
use among the early Celtic
inhabitants. The word means
1 white island ' and was used
by the Gauls to describe the
white-chalked cliff land they
saw to the North.
On the Jubilee of Queen Victoria.

ALCESTIS.

Had I but known you as I know you now —
The true Alcestis of the time.

In Greek mythology, daughter
of Pelias and Anaxibia, and
wife of Admetus. In order
that her father might be re-
stored to youth by Medea, she,
with her sisters, put him to
death, but Medea refused to
redeem her promise, and the
sisters fled to Admetus, who
married Alcestis. Their bro-
ther Acastus with an army
pursued them, and Admetus
being taken prisoner, was re-
deemed from death by Alcestis
who gave herself to save her
husband; but Hercules de-
scended to the lower world
and brought her back. Alcestis
is the subject of one of the
tragedies of Euripides.

Romnefs Remorse.

ALCJ

45

[ALE

ALCOR.

The name of a star in the tail
of the Great Bear.

Last Tournament.

ALDER.

A tree related to the birch,

usually growing in moist land.

Edwin Morris, Ampbion,

A Farewell, Balin and,

Balan.

ALDRED.

Abbot of Tavistock, 1027 ;
bishop of Worcester, 1044 >
appointed ambassador by Ed-
ward the Confessor to the
emperor of Germany, Henry III,
1054 ; and was the first English
bishop to visit Jerusalem, which
he did in 1058. On his return,
he was made archbishop of
York, 1060, with leave to hold
his former See, but upon visit-
ing Rome the pope refused him
the pallium unless he resigned
his former post. On the death
of Edward (1066) Aldred sup-
ported Harold, and officiated
at his coronation ; but after
the battle of Senlac he became
a faithful servant of the Con-
queror, and crowned William
at Westminster before the year
was completed in which he had
crowned Harold (d. 1069).

Harold.

ALDWYTH.

Daughter of Alfgar, and
widow of Griffyth, king of
Wales ; she subsequently be-
came the wife of Harold.

Harold.

ALENCON.

Capital of the department of
Orne, North France, once
famous for its point -lace. The
title of a Duchy held by various
members of the royal family
of France, from Charles II of
Valois. In 1048 duke William
of Normandy captured the
town, and inflicted great cruelty
on the inhabitants who had
taunted him with his birth,
by hanging raw hides over the
walls,

hast thou never heard
His savagery at Aleneon — the town
Hung out raw hides along their walls, and

cried,
' Work for the tanner.'

The town was taken and
retaken in the French Wars
during the reigns of Henry V
and Henry VI of England ; and
in 1 87 1 it capitulated to the
Germans under the grand duke
of Mecklenburg. The only re-
mains of the ancient castle are
three towers which form part
of the present Town Hall.
Harold.

ALEXANDRA.

Eldest daughter of the late
king Christian IX of Denmark ;
married to the Prince of Wales,
afterwards Edward VII, at St.
George's Chapel, Windsor, on
March 10, 1863. The poem
was written as a welcome to her
upon her arrival in England.

Sea-Kings' daughter from over the sea,
Alexandra !
Saxon and Norman and Dane are we,
But all of us Danes in our welcome of thee
Alexandra
Welcome her, thunders of fort and of fleet
Welcome her, thundering cheer of the street

A Welcome to Alexandra.

ALE]

ALEXANDROVNA. See Marie,

Marie Alexandrovna.
ALFGAR.

Son of Leofric, earl of Mer-
cia and Godgifu (Lady Godiva).
He and his father supported
king Edward the Confessor
against earl Godwin at Glou-
cester, 1 05 1. Was outlawed
by the Witan, 1055, and took
refuge in Ireland ; invaded
Herefordshire with Welsh allies
but was defeated by Harold ;
made peace and succeeded as
the earl of Mercia, 1057. In
the same year he was again out-
lawed, but regained his earl-
dom with the help of Northmen.
Harold.
ALFRED.

Duke of Edinburgh and duke
of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha ;
second son of queen Victoria
and prince Albert ; married
February 23, 1874, at St.
Petersburg to the grand
duchess Marie Alexandrovna,
only daughter of Alexander II,
czar of Russia. The bride and
bridegroom made their public
entry into London on March 12
of the same year.

A Welcome to Her Royal
Highness Marie Alex-
drovna, Duchess of Edin-
burgh.
ALFRED.

King of the West Saxons,
born at Wantage. His father
was king Ethelwulf, and al-
though the youngest of five
sons succeeded to the crown
in 872 a.d. — at the age of 22.

46 ALF

In the first year of his reign the
young king fought nine battles
against the Danes who had
overrun the greater part of
England north of the Thames.
After a respite of several years
a second invasion took place
in 878 under Guthrum, king
of the Danes in East Anglia,
who overran Somerset without
opposition, and Alfred retired
to Athelney, where tradition
says he burnt the cakes. In
the same year he inflicted a
defeat on the Danes at Edington
in Wiltshire. By the peace
of Wedmore, Guthrum con-
sented to become a Christian and
to acknowledge the supremacy
of Alfred of the country south
of the Thames and the greater
part of Mercia. He subse-
quently devoted himself to
legislation, the administration
of government, and to the
encouragement of learning, be-
ing himself a man of letters.
It is to him we owe the founda-
tion of England's greatness on
the seas (849-901).

An Ode on the death of the

Duke of Wellington ;

Harold.

ALFWIG.

Abbot of New Minster and
uncle of king Harold. With
twelve of his monks, joined
Harold at the battle of Senlac,
and after the battle was found
among the slain, his body being
recognized by the habit of his
order.

ALI]

47

[ALL

Osgod. I am sure this body
Is Alfwig, the king's uncle.
Athelric. So it is !

Harold.
ALICE.

A lady in waiting to queen
Mary.

Queen Mary.
ALICE.

Daughter of a wealthy miller,
betrothed to a man whose
parents at first thought he
' might have looked a little
higher.' They were married,
and in later years her husband
expressed a wish that they might
die together.

Pray, Alice, pray, my darling wife,
That we may die the self-same day.

Miller's Daughter.
ALICE.

The nurse of the supposed
lady Clare. On the eve of the
wedding of lady Clare and
lord Ronald, Alice revealed to
her the secret of her birth,
namely, that she was the daugh-
ter of her own nurse.

Lady Clare.
ALICE.

There's Margaret and Mary, there's Kate and

Caroline :
But none so fair as little Alice in all the land

they say.

May Queen.
ALIF.

we scarce can spell
The Alif of Thine alphabet of Love.

The first letter of the Arabic
alphabet.

Akbarys Dream.
ALINGTON.

A castle — near the river Med-
way — originally built in Saxon
times by a family named Colum-
bary, but was razed afterwards
by the Danes. After the con-

quest it was given to bishop
Odo, and on his disgrace to
earl Warrenne. It afterwards
passed to the Cobham family,
and from them to the Brents,
by whom it was alienated to
sir Thomas Wyatt, who made
it his residence, and where was
born his son and successor,
sir Thomas Wyatt, Junior,
who was subsequently deprived
of his estates and executed for
treason against Mary.

Ah, gray old castle ofJAlington, green field
Beside the brimming Medway, it may chance
That I shall never look upon you more.

Queen Mary.
ALIOTH.

The name of a star in the tail
of the Great Bear.

Last Tournament.
ALLA.

The word used by the Arabs

to denote their chief god,

and adopted by Mahomet as

the name of the one true God.

Akbar's Dream.

ALLAN.

A farmer, father of William,
to whom he wished to wed his
niece Dora.

Dora.

ALLEN (Francis). See Francis,
Francis Allen.

ALLEN.

A labourer to farmer Steer.
Promise of May.

ALLEN (Sally). See Sally, Sally
Allen.

ALLENDALE (Earl of).

Allen-a-Dale of Nottingham
was to be married to a lady who
returned his love, but her

ALL]

48

[ALP

parents compelled her to forego
him for an old knight of wealth.
Allen told his tale to Robin
Hood, who, in the disguise of a
harper, went to the church
where the wedding ceremony
was to take place. ' This is no
fit match ; the bride shall be
married only to the man of her
choice,' exclaimed Robin, and
sounding his horn Allen and
twenty-four bowmen entered
the church. The bishop, how-
ever, refused to marry the
woman to Allen until the banns
had been called three times,
whereupon Robin pulled off the
bishop's gown, and placed it
upon Little John, who called
the banns seven times, and per-
formed the ceremony.

The Foresters.

ALL-HEAL.

A name applied to various
plants, as the mistletoe, the
great valerian, etc.

Fastness.
ALLY.

Alfred Tennyson, grandson
of the poet, to whom the poem
is inscribed.

Golden-hair'd Ally whose name is one with
mine,

To Alfred Tennyson.

ALMESBURY.

A town in Wiltshire on the
river Avon, about eight miles
from Salisbury. Elfrida, widow
of Edgar, founded here in 980
a Benedictine nunnery in atone-
ment for the murder of her son-
in-law, king Edward, but there
had been a more ancient British

monastery at the same place,
called after king Ambrosius
who lies buried there. Mary,
daughter of king Edward I,
took the veil here in 1285, and
two years later, Eleanor, queen
of Henry III and the mother
of Edward I, was admitted.
It was at this town that Guin-
evere (q.v.) after the death of
Arthur, took the nun's habit.

Queen Guinevere had fled the court

and sat
There in the holy house at Almesbury
Weeping, none with her save a little maid,
A novice I

Guinevere.

' And when queen Guenevcr understood

that king Arthur was slain, . . . she went

to Almesbury, and there she let make herself

a nun, and wore white clothes and black.'

Malory : Morte £ Arthur, Book XXI, chap.

Guinevere ; Passing of Arthur.

ALMSHOUSES AT NOTTING-
HAM.

Part shall go to the almshouses at Notting-
ham, part to the shrine of our Lady.

The Foresters.
ALOE.

A genus of plants, some classed
as trees, others as shrubs, of
considerable medicinal import-
ance.

The Daisy.

ALPHEGE OF ENGLAND.

Monk of Deerhurst, bishop of
Worcester 984; archbishop of
Canterbury 1006. Inaugurated
the Council of Enham, which
made enactments against hea-
thenism and the selling of
slaves. By confirming Olaf
Tryggwesson in his Christianity
and obtaining from him in 994
a promise not to invade Eng-
land, he incurred the hatred of

ALP]

49

[AMA

the Northmen, and during the
invasion of the Danes in ion
was captured, and upon refusing
to ransom himself was put to
death. His body was trans-
lated to Canterbury by Knut,
and in 1078 he was canonized
(954-1012).

Becket.
ALPS.

I climb'd the roofs at break of day :
Sun-smitten Alps before me lay.

The great mountain range
in Europe, forming the bound-
ary between France, Germany
and Switzerland on the north
and west, and Italy on the south.
The Daisy.

ALRASCHID. See Haroun Alras-
chid.

ALVA (Duke of).

A distinguished soldier and
a descendant from one of the
ancient families of Spain. \ When
only 17 years of age he was
selected for a military command
by Charles V, and was present
at the battle of Pa via, 1535.
In 1547 he gained a victory
over John of Saxony at the
battle of Muhlberg and subse-
quently took part in the siege
of Wittenburg and presided
at the court-martial which
tried and condemned to death
the Elector. In 1552 he in-
vaded France and was engaged
for several months in an unsuc-
cessful siege of Metz. In his
campaign against pope Paul IV
in 1556, Alva was completely
successful and was at the gates

of Rome when he was compelled
by Philip to negotiate a peace,
and to ask pardon for having
opposed the pope in the war.
In 1567 he was sent to the Low
Countries to reduce the Nether-
lands to the Spanish yoke,
which they were attempting to
throw off. By his tyranny he
filled the provinces with terror
and scenes of carnage, for which
his memory is held in detesta-
tion to this day. In 1573 the
oppressed country was relieved
of his presence, and on returning
to Spain was treated with dis-
tinction by Philip. Falling into
disgrace he was banished from
court, and confined in the castle
of Uzeda, where he remained
for two years. Appointed in
command of an army he invaded
Portugal in 1581, defeated An-
tonio and subdued the kingdom
(1508-1583).

Queen Mary.

AMARACUS.

=Marjoram, a mint-like plant,
used as a seasoning in cookery.
(Enone.
AMARANTH.

The unfading Amaranth, so
called because its flowers do not
soon wither ; early employed
as an emblem of immortality.

Immortal Amarant, a flower which once
In Paradise, fast by the Tree of Life,
Megan to bloom, but. soon for Man's offence
To Heaven removed where first it grew,
Milton : Paradise Lost, Book III, 353-336.

Lotos-Eaters ;
Remorse.

Romney's

AMARYLLIS.

A genus of bulbous -rooted
E

AMA]

50

[AMP

plants, including the narcissus,
jonquil, daffodil, agave, etc.
Amaryllis is the name of a
country girl in Theocritus and
Virgil.

The Daisy.
AMAZON.

Glanced at the legendary Amazon
As emblematic of a nobler age :

In Greek mythology a race of
warrior females, said to have
inhabited the neighbourhood
of the Caucasus.

The Princess.
AMBROSIA.

for her, and her,
Hebes are they to hand ambrosia, mix
The nectar :

The food of the gods which
conferred immortality upon
those who partook of it.

The Princess ; Demeter
and Persephone.

AMBROSIAL.

With rosy slender fingers backward drew
From? her warm brows and bosom her

deep hair
Ambrosial,

An epithet used by Homer of
the hair of the gods.

Claribel ; (Enone ; In
Memoriam.

AMBROSIALLY.

= Delicious.

and opening out his milk-white palm
Disclosed a fruit of pure Hesperian gold,
That smelt ambrosially,

(Enone.
AMBROSIUS.

A monk.

And one, a fellow-monk among the rest,
Ambrosius, loved him much beyond the rest
And honour'd him,

Holy Grail.
AMMON.

A tribe, occupying the region
to the east of Jordan, who hired

Balaam to curse Israel. They
were continually at war with
the Israelites until subdued
by Judas Maccabaeus.

' Moreover it is written that my race
Hew'd Ammon, hip and thigh, from Aroer
On Arnon unto Minneth.'

Dream of Fair Women.
AMMONIAN OASIS.

Gliding with equal crowns two serpents led
Joyful to that palm-planted fountain-fed
Ammonian Oasis in the waste.

Refers to Alexander's visit
to the famous temple of Jupiter
Ammon in the Libyan desert.
Alexander.

AMMONITES.

Carved stones of the Abbey-ruin in the park,
Huge Ammonites, and the first bones of Time ;

Huge fossil snake-shaped
stones, known in the middle
ages as ' Cornu Ammonis,' so-
called from the Ammonian
Horn of Ammon.

The Princess.

AMOMUM.

An Indian spice plant. It is
mentioned in Virgil's Eclogue.
The Cup.

AMPHION.

In Greek mythology son of
Zeus and Antiope, and twin-
brother of Zethus. He was
born on mount Citheron, where
Antiope had fled to avoid the
resentment of Dirce (q.v.), and
the two children were exposed,
but were brought up by shep-
herds. It is said that Amphion
invented the lute and built
Thebes by the music of it,
which was so melodious that
the stones danced into walls.

AMP]

51

[ANA

Amphion there the loud creating lyre
Strikes, and beholds a sudden Thebes aspire !
Pope : Temple of Fame, 85-86.

When the two children had
grown to manhood they united
to avenge the wrongs which
their mother had suffered at
the hands of Dirce. They
captured Thebes, slew Lycus,
and tied Dirce to the tail of a
wild bull which dragged her
through precipices until she
expired. Amphion married
Niobe (q.v) who, boasting that
she was greater and more de-
serving of immortality than
Latona was changed into a stone,
and in despair Amphion killed
himself. Amphion.

AMPHISBAENA.

so you quash rebellion too
For heretic and traitor are all one :
Two vipers of one breed — an amphisbaena,
Each end a sting : Let the dead letter burn.

A fabled serpent having two
heads and able to move either
backwards or forwards.

Dreadful was the din
Of I hissing through the hall, thick-swarming

now
With complicated monsters, head and tail —
Scorpion, and Asp, and Amphisbaena dire,

Milton : Paradise Lost, Book X. 521-524.

Queen Mary.
AMURATH.

The Third, sixth sultan of
the Turks (i 574-1 595). His
first act on ascending the throne
was to invite all his brothers to
a banquet and strangle them.

This is the English, not the Turkish court ;
Not Amurath an Amurath succeeds,
But Harry Harry.
Shakespeare : 2 Henry IV. Act v. Scene 2.

In 1579 a commercial treaty
between Amurath and Elizabeth
was ratified.

Sir John Oldcastle,
Lord Cobham.

AMY.

The fiancee of an impetuous
boy lover — her cousin — who
found that his love had been
disdained. Amy forsook him
to satisfy the wishes of her
father, and married for money.
On account of his unhappy
love affair he spoke of flight
into a far country, and a mar-
riage amid some savage tribes,
but the bonds of culture and
comfort were too strong for
him, and the project of wild
adventure was abandoned as
quickly as it was formed. Amy
died at the birth of her first
child, and sixty years afterwards
her once boy lover says :

All in white Italian marble, looking still as

if she smiled,
Lies my Amy dead in child-birth, dead the

mother, dead the child.

* * »

I this old white-headed dreamer stoopt and
kiss'd her marble brow.

Locksley Hall; Locksley
Hall Sixty Tears After.

ANAKIM.

I felt the thews of Anakim,
The pulses of a Titan's heart ;

Sons of Anak, a race of giants
inhabiting the mountains of
Hebron, and who were con- '
que red by Joshua. Joshua xi.
21-22.

The Israelites said they were
grasshoppers as compared with
the Anakim. 'Numbers xiii. 33.
In Memoriam.

ANATOLIAN GHOST.

Anatolian spectre stories.
To Ulysses.

/

ANE]

ANEMONE.

A plant of the crowfoot
family.

Dream, of Fair Women ; To
the Rev. F. D. Maurice ;
City Child.

ANDREW, SAINT. See St. An-
drew.

ANGELO (Michael).

A famous Italian sculptor,
painter and poet.

In Memoriam.
ANGLE.

A German race of people
who invaded Britain in the fifth
century and settled in North-
umbria and East Anglia. From
them the name of England was
derived.

Battle of Brunanburh ; Har-
old ; Becket.

ANGUISANT.

King of Erin, subdued by
king Arthur, fighting on behalf
of Leodogran, king of Came-
liard.

Coming of Arthur.
ANGLIA.

Eques cum pedite

Prapediatur !
Illorum in lacrymas

Cruor fundatur !
Pereant, pereant,

Anglia precatur.

ANGLIAE.

Hostis per Angliae
Plagas bacchatur ;
Casa crematur,
Pastor fugatur

trucidatur —

ANGLIAM.

Hostis in Angliam
Ruit praedator,

Illorum, Domine,
Scutum scindatur !

Harold.

Harold

Harold.

52 [ANN

ANJOU.

An ancient province of
France. In 11 27 the eleventh
count of Anjou married Plan-
tagenet, the daughter of Henry
I of England and became the
father of Henry II, who took
it from his brother Geoffrey
in 1 156. It was taken from
king John by Philip Augustus
of France in 1205, and united
to the French kingdom in 1328
by Philip VI, son of Charles of
Valois.

Becket.

ANLAF.

A Danish king who invaded
England and, joining forces
with Constantius, king of the
Scots, was defeated by Athel-
stan (q.v) and his brother
Edmund Atheling {q.v) at the
battle of Brunanburh, a.d. 937.
Battle of Brunanburh.

ANNE.

The warrior Earl of Allendale,

He loved the Lady Anne ;
The lady loved the master well,

The maid she loved the man.

The Foresters.
See Allendale (Earl of).

ANNE (Queen). See Boloyn.

ANNE.

ANNE WHARTON.

Wife of lord Wharton, and a
friend of lady Jane Grey.

she was passing
Some chapel down in Essex, and with her J
Lady Anne Wharton, and the Lady Anne
Bow'd to the Pyx ;

Queen Mary.

ANNE— ANNIE.

For, Annie, you see, her father was not the

man to save,
Hadn't a head to manage, and drank himself

into his grave.

ANN]

53

[ANT

An old woman — who had
survived all her children — re-
lates to her grandchild Annie
the story of her life.

Grandmother.
ANNIE.

An' es for Miss Annie es call'd me afoor

my awn foalks to my faace
' A hignorant village wife as 'ud hev to

be larn'd her awn plaace,'

Eldest daughter of the village
squire. Village Wife.

ANNIE.

' He 'says I shall never live thro' it, O

Annie, what shall I do ? '
Annie consider'd. ' If I,' said the wise

little Annie, ' was you,

One of the inmates of a chil-
dren's hospital, who suggested
to one of her fellow sufferers
who was about to undergo an
operation, that she should pray
for help to ' the dear Lord Jesus.'

In the Children's Hospital.

ANNIE.

ANNIE LEE. See Enoch, Enoch

Arden.
ANSELM.

Archbishop of Canterbury.
Born at Aosta in Piedmont.
In 1060 entered the monastery
of Bee, and in 1063 was in-
stalled as prior in succession to
Lanfranc, and fifteen years later
was elected abbot. Visited
England in 1092, and in the
following year accepted the
archbishopric of Canterbury
from William II who was lying
ill at Gloucester. Consecrated
the church, erected by William
I in 1094 on the field on which
he defeated Harold. In 1494
he was canonized (1033-1109).
Becket.

ANT.

A small insect.

Pelleas and Ettarre ; Fast-
ness ; Queen Mary.

ANTIBABYLONIANISMS.
Boanerges.

See

ANTIOCH.

Ancient capital of the Greek
kings of Syria, built by Se-
leucus 300 B.C. It was famous in
the early history of the Church
as the seat of several ecclesias-
tical councils, as well as for
being the birthplace of Chrysos-
tom. In 635 a.d. it fell into
the hands of the Saracens, who
held it until 969 a.d. when it
came under Roman dominion
and retained till 1084 a.d., when
it fell into the hands of the
Turks, from whom it was cap-
tured by the Crusaders a.d.
1098.

Becket.
ANTON.

A Knight of the Round
Table, and, according to Tenny-
son, the foster-father of king
Arthur.

Wherefore Merlin took the child,
And gave him to Sir Anton, an old knight
And ancient friend of Uther ; and his wife
Nursed the young prince, and rear'd him with

her own ;
And no man knew.

Malory in his Morte d? Arthur
says : ' So the child was de-
livered unto Merlin ; and so he
bare it forth unto Sir Ector,
and made an holy man to
christen him, and named him
Arthur.'

Coming of Arthur.

ANT]

54

[APP

ANTONIUS.

A Roman general, but evi-
dently not meant to be identi-
fied with any Roman general
known to history.

The Cup.

ANTONY (Mark). See Mark An-
tony.
ANTONY.
ANTONY KNYVETT.

Lieutenant of the Tower of
London in the reign of Henry
VIII ; joined the earl of Devon
in insurrection to prevent the
marriage of Mary with Philip of
Spain ; takenprisoner withWyatt
at Temple Bar by sir Maurice
Berkeley, and being taken to
the Tower was tried, condemned
and executed.

Queen Mary.
ANTWERP.

To Strasburg, Antwerp
Frankfort, Zurich, Worms,
Geneva, Basle — our Bishops from their sees
Or fled, they say, or flying —

Oueen Mary.
APE.

A monkey.

St. Simeon Stylites ; In Me-
moriam ; Making of Man ;
Queen Mary ; Becket.

APHRODITE.

The Greek goddess of love
and beauty, and wife of Hephaes-
tus and mother of Cupid. Her
sacred bird was the dove. As
the queen of beauty she had
the golden apple awarded her by
Paris, and possessed the power
of conferring beauty. In Ro-
man mythology she is identified
with Venus (q.v.).

CEnone.

APICUS.

A celebrated Roman glutton
in the time of Augustus Tiber-
ius. He expended large sums
in gluttony and wrote a book
upon cookery. It is said that
having spent £800,000 in supply-
ing the delicacies of his table
and having only £30,000 left, he
committed suicide, not think-
ing it possible to exist on such
a miserable sum.

Becket.
APOLLO.

The chief god of the Greeks ;
in ancient literature described
as possessed of many powers.
Tennyson speaks of him as the
god of the sun and god of music :

Like that strange song I heard Apollo sing,
Tithonus.
' Look where another of our Gods, the Sun,
Apollo,'

Lucretius.

The statue of Apollo at
Rhodes, made to commemorate
the successful defence of that
place against Demetrius Polior-
cetes in 300 B.C., was one of the
several wonders of the old
world. It represented the sun-
god with his head surrounded
by rays, and with his feet rest-
ing one on each side of the en-
trance to the port. This Co-
lossus of Rhodes, as the statue
was generally called, was 105
feet high, and took twelve years-
to build, at a cost of about
£120,000.

Tithonus ; Lucretius.

APPLE-TREE.

A tree of many varieties.

Holy Grail.

AQU]

55

[ARA

AQUITAINE.

A province of south-west
France. It was conquered by
the Romans 57 B.C. under
Caesar, and again in 418 in the
reign of Augustus. On the
marriage of Louis VII with
Eleanor, daughter of William X,
it was annexed to the French
crown, but upon Henry II of
England marrying Eleanor after
her divorce, it was added to the
English crown. It remained
in English possession until 1453,
when it was restored to France.
Becket.
ARAB.

From the delicate Arab arch of her feet
To the grace that,

Refers to the high instep
of the Arab, giving swiftness
and elasticity to his gait.

Maud.
ARABI.

Leader of the Egyptian Re-
volt, 1882. As under-secretary
for War in the Egyptian govern-
ment, he adopted a policy
which the British government
had to meet by armed force.
Alexandria was bombarded on
July 11, 1882, and on September
13 of the same year the British
troops under sir Garnet Wolse-
ley completely routed him at
the battle of Tel-el- Kebir.

You saw the league-long rampart-fire

Flare from Tel-el- Kebir
Thro' darkness, and the foe was driven,

And Wolseley overthrew
Arabi.

Arabi fled to Cairo, but
surrendering was banished to
Ceylon, 1883. In 1901 he was
released and granted a pension.

He claimed descent from the
prophet.
Prologue to General Hatnley.

ARABY.

A poetical form of Arabia.
Queen Mary.

ARAC (Prince).

A prince, whose hard old
father represented in his blunt
and violent manner the old-
fashioned regime when women
were women and knew their
place. Since his infancy he
had been proxy wedded to a
certain princess Ida {q.v), with
whom he was deeply in love.
He is described as a genial
giant, with splendid muscles,
healthy love of action, and
proud devotion to his sister.
When Ida reached marriageable
age she founded a college for
women from which men were
excluded. Arac determined to
gain access to the college, so
with two more friends disguised
as girl students, the college
portress admitted them. After
many adventures his sex was
discovered. Arac wooed Ida,
this time more successfully,
and after many amusing hap-
penings they were married.
The Princess.

ARAGON.

Once a kingdom, but now
divided into three provinces.
It was conquered by the Ro-
mans, but upon the fall of that
empire, it passed into the
hands of the Goths ; and at the
beginning of the eighth century

ARB]

56

[ART

was conquered by the Moors.
In 1 1 37 it was recovered by the
rulers of Aragon and united
with Catalonia, and by the
marriage of Ferdinand with
Isabella of Castile in 1469 the
crowns of Aragon and Castile
{q.v) were united.

Queen Mary.
ARB ACES.

Name of a horse.

The Brook.
ARCADY.

And round us all the thicket rang
To many a flute of Arcady.

Represents Greek Idyllic

ARIMATHiEAN JOSEPH.
Joseph.

See

poetry.

In Mentor iam.

ARDEN (Enoch).
Enoch Arden.

See Enoch,

ARDEN.

A large forest supposed to
have been in Warwickshire.
It is a place-name in Shake-
speare's As You Like It.
Sisters {Evelyn and Edith).

ARES.

The Greek god of war, called
by the Romans, Mars, and son
of Zeus and Hera. Was an
enemy of Cadmus {q.v.) on
account of his having killed
the dragon that guarded the
springs of Dirce which were
sacred to Mars.

The great God, Ar6s, burns in anger still
Against the guiltless heirs of him from Tyre,
Our Cadmus, out of whom thou art, who found
Beside the springs of Dirofe, smote, and still'd
Thro' all its folds the multitudinous beast,
The dragon,

His symbols were the spear
and the burning torch.

Tiresias.

ARNO.

An Italian river which flows
through Florence.

The Brook.

ARNON.

A river which formed the
boundary between Moab and
the Amonites, and afterwards
between Moab and Israel.
Dream of Fair Women.

AROER.

A city on the river Arnon,
the southern point of the terri-
tory of Sihon, king of the Amor-
ites, and afterwards of the tribe
of Reuben, but later in the
possession of Moab.

' Moreover, it is written that my race

Hew'd Ammon, hip and thigh, from Aroer
On Arnon unto Minneth.'

Dream of Fair Women.
' And he smote them from Aroer, even till
thou come to Minnith.' Judges xi. 33.

Dream of Fair Women.

'AROLD (Harold).

Promise of May.
AROMAT.

Supposed to have been the
native land of Joseph of Ari-
mathaea and the place from
which he brought the Holy
Grail to Glastonbury.

The cup, the cup itself, from which our Lord
Drank at the last sad supper with His own.
This, from the blessed land of Aromat —

Holy Grail.

ARTEMIS.

In Greek mythology the
daughter of Zeus and Leto.
She was twin-sister of Apollo,
and was born in the isle of

ART]

57

[ART

Delos. A virgin goddess, re-
presented as a huntress armed
with bow and arrows. The
Romans identified Artemis with
the old Italian goddess Diana
{q.v.).

The Cup.

ARTEMISIA (Carian). See Car-
ian Artemisia.

ARTHUR.

' You know,' said Frank, ' he burnt
His epic, his King Arthur, some twelve books.

= The Idylls of the King.

The Epic.
ARTHUR.

Sir Arthur, a local magnate.
The Brook.

ARTHUR.

Arthur Henry Hallam, son of
Henry Hallam, the historian,
born 1811. During his resi-
dence at Trinity College, Cam-
bridge, Tennyson made the
acquaintance of Hallam, with
whom he formed an affectionate
friendship, and some years
later Hallam became engaged
to the poet's sister Emily.
His early death, which occurred
suddenly at Vienna in 1833,
was a great grief to the poet,
whose In Memoriam is a noble
elegy to his loss.

My Arthur, whom I shall not see
Till all my widow'd race be run ;
Dear as the mother to the son,

More than my brothers are to me.

Hallam was buried at Cleve-
don in Somersetshire, and in the
Manor aisle of the church,
over the vault of the Hallams,
is a tablet, which bears the
following inscription :

TO

THE MEMORY OF

ARTHUR HENRY HALLAM

ELDEST SON OF HENRY

HALLAM ESQUIRE

AND OF JULIA MARIA HIS WIFE

DAUGHTER OF SIR ABRAHAM

ELTON BARONET

OF CLEVEDON COURT

WHO WAS SNATCHED AWAY BY SUDDEN
DEATH

at Vienna on September 15TH 1833

IN THE TWENTY-THIRD YEAR OF HIS AGE

AND NOW IN THIS OBSCURE AND SOLITARY

CHURCH

repose the mortal remains of

one too early lost for public fame

but already conspicuous among his

contemporaries

for the brightness of his genius

the depth of his understanding

the nobleness of his disposition

the fervour of his piety

and the purity of his life

Vale dulcissime

Vale dilectissime Desideratissime

requiescas in pace

ter ac mater hic posthac requies-

camus tecum

usque ad tubam.

In Memoriam.

ARTHUR.

Supposed to have been in the
sixth century a war leader of
the tribes inhabiting Cumbria
and Strathclyde against the
Saxons from the East and the
Picts and Scots from the North.
The name Arthur originally
denoted the Bear, and the con-
stellation of that name is called
in Welsh the Chariot of Arthur.
His father was Uther the pen-
dragon, and his mother Ygerne
widow of Gorlois, duke of Corn-
wall, and he was born at Tin-
tagel Castle, Cornwall, about

ART]

58

[ART

the year 500 a.d. Tennyson
says that Merlin gave Arthur,
when an infant, to Sir Anton
to bring him up, and he was
brought up as his foster-son.

Wherefore Merlin took the child,
And gave him to Sir Anton, an old Knight
And ancient friend of Uther ;

Malory in his Morte d? Arthur
says :

So the child was delivered unto Merlin,
and so he bore it forth unto Sir Ector, and
made an holy man to christen him, and named
him Arthur :

Uther Pendragon dying while
Arthur was yet an infant, the
succession to the kingdom was
in doubt, and in order to prove
who was the rightful heir to
the realm, the method of draw-
ing a sword from a stone was
adopted. This stone, which
was in the churchyard of St.
Stephen's, London, was like a
marble stone, with an anvil of
steel in the middle a foot high,
and on it was placed a sword
naked to the point, and in-
scribed thus :

Whoso pulleth out this sword of this stone
and anvil is rightful king born of all England.
Malory : Morte d' 'Arthur, Book I, chap. iii.

Some 200 knights tried to
release it but failed. Arthur
alone could draw it, whereby
proving his right of succession
to the kingdom.

And right as Arthur did at Christmas he
did at Candlemas, and pulled out the sword
easily, whereof the barons were sore aggrieved,
Malory : Morte d' Arthur, Book I, chap. iv.

At the age of fifteen he was
crowned at Caerleon-upon-Usk
by Dubricius, archbishop of the
' City of Legions.' No sooner
had he ascended the throne than
slanderous statements began to

be circulated as to his birth,
some maintaining he was not the
son of Uther and Ygerne :

' Away with him f
No king of ours ! a son of Gorlols he,
Or else the child of Anton, and no king,
Or else baseborn.'

Others said that he was cast
up from the sea on the ninth
wave :

And then the two
Dropt to the cove, and watch'd the great sea

fall,
Wave after Wave, each mightier than the last,
Till last, a ninth one, gathering half the deep
And full of voices, slowly rose and plunged
Roaring, and all the wave was in a flame :
And down the wave and in the flame was

borne
A naked babe, and rode to Merlin's feet,
Who stoopt and caught the babe, and cried

' The King !
Here is an heir for Uther ! '

Whilst another version says :

Or if some other told,
How once the wandering forester at dawn,
Far over the blue tarns and hazy seas,
On Caer-Eryri's highest found the King,
A naked babe, of whom the Prophet spake,

A great war took place be-
tween Arthur and eleven kings,
all of whom were slain. Having
defeated his enemies he ruled
over the kingdom wisely, estab-
lishing order throughout the
land, for since the death of
Uther, lawlessness had become
rampant. Meeting one day
king Pellinore, he attacked him,
and in the encounter their
swords met with such force that
the sword of king Arthur was
broken in two pieces ; but in
order to save his life — being now
defenceless — Merlin cast an
enchantment on Pellinore, and
he fell to the earth in a deep
sleep, and Arthur was borne
away to a place of safety. After
three days, when the king's
wounds were healed, Arthur
told Merlin he had no sword. So

ART]

59

they rode till they came to a lake,
and afar out in the midst of the
lake, an arm clad in white samite
rose from out the water and held
up a fair sword. Then came the
Lady of the Lake moving upon
the water. ' Enter into yonder
barge,' she said, ' and row to the
sword and take it ; ' whereupon
the king rowed out in the middle
of the lake and seized the sword.
The weapon, which was called
Excalibur, was possessed with
magic power, and gave light
equal to thirty torches ; and it
was with this sword that he
defeated all his enemies. He
then began his career of con-
quests. He is supposed to have
fought and won twelve great
battles over the Saxons, Picts
and Scots ; the first was fought
in Northumberland, by the
river Glen ; the second, third,
fourth and fifth were the four
battles of the Duglas ; the
sixth by the river Bassa ; the
seventh in the wood Celidon ;
the eighth at Castle Gurnion,

where Arthur bore the image of the Holy Vir-
gin, Mother of God, upon his shoulders, and
through the power of our Lord Jesus Christ,
and the holy Mary, put the Saxons to flight,
and pursued them the whole day with great
slaughter.

Nennius : Six Chronicles.

It is however supposed to
have been the head of the Virgin
Mary engraven on the shield
borne by Arthur.

and again
By castle Gurnion, where the glorious King
Had on his cuirass worn our Lady's Head,
Carved of one emerald center'd in a sun
Of silver rays, that lighten'd as he breathed
Lancelot and Elaine,
Athwart his brest a bauldrick brave he ware,
That shind, like twinkling stars, with stones

most pretious rare.
And in the midst thereof one pretious stone

[ART

Of wondrous worth, and eke of wondrous

Shapt like a Ladies head, exceeding shone,
Like Hesperus amongst the lesser lights,
And strove for to amaze the weaker sights :

Spenser : Faerie Queene, Book I. Canto wi.
Amazement runs before the towering casque
Of Arthur, bearing through the stormy field
The virgin sculptured on his Christian shield :

Wordsworth : Ecclesiastical Sonnets, Part I.
Stanza x.

The ninth battle was at
Caerleon, or the 'City of
Legions'; the tenth by the
river Trath Treroit, the eleventh
near Agned Cathregonion, and
the twelfth— the greatest vic-
tory of all — near Badon Hill.
Some authorities consider his
kingdom embraced Devon, Corn-
wall and part of Wales ; others
that it extended as far as the
Orkneys, for we find that the
king of those islands was married
to Arthur's sister. Leodogran,
king of Cameliard, then appealed
to Arthur to assist him in clear-
ing his kingdom of wild beasts
and heathen hordes that
swarmed from overseas . Arthur
accepted the call and leading all
his knighthood threw the

kings
Carados, Urien, Cradlemont of Wales,
Claudias and Clariance of Northumberland,
The King Brandagoras of Latangor,
With Anguisant of Erin, Morganore,
And Lot of Orkney.

Meanwhile Arthur had fallen
in love with king Leodogran's
daughter, Guinevere, and from
the battle-field sent three of his
knights— Ulfius, Brastias and
Bedivere— to Leodogran, saying:

•If I in aught have served thee well,
Give me thy daughter Guinevere to wife.

but Leodogran, having heard of
the suspicion attached to his birth
hesitated, but eventually satisfy-
ing himself gave his consent. The
marriage was however delayed

ART]

60

[ART

as Arthur was compelled to enter
upon a campaign abroad,with the
result that Ireland and Iceland,
as well as Norway and Gaul,
were added to his conquests.
Returning, he was married by
Dubric the high priest, amid great
splendour, to Guinevere at Came-
lot, in the church of St. Stephen's.

St. Dubric went before Christ had chosen him.
The Archbishop of London walked by his side
And fifteen bishops chosen from many lands.
They were all hung about with very rich cloth-
ing
That was all embroidered with burnished gold.
Trumpets were blowing, bells were ringing,
Knights were riding, women forth gliding.
Kirtlan : Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.

Leodogran gave Arthur for a
wedding present the famous
Round Table with 100 knights,
which tradition says is still pre-
served at Winchester. Arthur
then established his new Order,
known as the Knights of the
Round Table, and made his
knights swear to live lives of
purest chastity, to love one
maiden only, to redress human
wrongs, and to reverence their
king as their conscience. To
accommodate the magic table
a magnificent castle was erected,
in the centre of which was a
banqueting hall.

' O brother, had you known our mighty hall,
Which Merlin built for Arthur long ago !
For all the sacred mount of Camelot,
And all the dim rich city, roof by roof.
Tower after tower, spire beyond spire,

Holding a royal feast and
Table Round at Camelot there
came into the hall twelve men,
ambassadors from Lucius, em-
peror of Rome, demanding that
Arthur should acknowledge him
as his lord, and pay tribute as his
predecessors had done. Arthur

met it with a counterclaim to
the empire for himself as being
the real representative of Con-
stantine, and receiving promise
of help from the knights and
lords, held a Privy Council at
York to make the necessary
arrangements for his departure,
and leaving his nephew sir
Modred in charge of the king-
dom, sailed from Sandwich in
Kent. Arriving in Brittany
he met the united forces of the
Romans and Saracens, and in a
great battle slew the emperor
and his allies, the sowdan of
Syria, and the kings of Egypt
and Ethiopia, sent their
bodies to the Senate at Rome,
and marching over the Alps,
through Lombardy and Tus-
cany, arrived at Rome, where
he was crowned king by the
pope. After sojourning in Rome
for a short time, a message was
brought to him that his nephew
Modred, whom he had left in
charge of his kingdom, had
traitorously proclaimed himself
king, and had seized Guinevere
and kept her a prisoner. With-
out delay Arthur returned
home, and landing at Dover
was met by Modred, who being
defeated fled with his forces
to Winchester. Arthur pur-
sued after him, and joined
forces with him near the river
Camel in Cornwall, where they
fought all the day long. As
night drew nigh, and some
100,000 lay dead upon the field,
Arthur took his sword, held it

ART]

61

[ART

with both hands, and ran to-
wards sir Modred, calling
out ' Death to thee, traitor ! '
1 pierced the helmet and the
brainpan, and sir Modred fell
stark dead to the earth. And
the noble Arthur fell in a swoon
to the earth.'

And uttering this the King
Made fat the man ; then Modred smote

his liege
Hard on that helm which many a heathen

sword
Had beaten thin ; while Arthur at one blow,
Striking the last stroke with Excalibur,
Slew him, and all but slain himself, he fell.

Not one of sir Modred's men
remained alive, and of Arthur's
noble men, sir Bedivere alone
had escaped. Finding his end
drawing nigh, he commanded
sir Bedivere to return his sword
to the Lady of the Lake.

' But now delay not : take Excalibur,
And fling him far into the middle mere :
Watch what thou seest, and lightly bring me
word.'

Twice did sir Bedivere go to
the mere, and twice did his heart
fail him, for instead of flinging
the brand into the water he hid
it in the waterflags about the
marge. Returning to the dying
king and being questioned as to
what he had seen, replied :

1 I heard the ripple washing in the reeds,
And the wild water lapping on the crag.'

Perceiving the knight's decep-
tion, Arthur in wrath com-
manded him to fulfil his task :

■ Unknightly, traitor- hearted ! Woe is me !
Authority forgets a dying king,

* * •

get thee hence :
But, if thou spare to fling Excalibur,
I will arise and slay thee with my hands.'

whereupon the knight quickly
rose, and going to the water side
took the sword with both hands

and flung it in mid-stream, when
an arm rose up from out of the
lake, caught it, and it disappeared
for ever :

Then quickly rose Sir Bedivere, and ran,
And, leaping down the ridges lightly, plunged
Among the bulrush beds, and clutch'd the

sword,
And strongly wheel'd and threw it. The

great brand
Made lightnings in the splendour of the moon,
And flashing round and round, and whirl' d in

an arch.
Shot like a streamer of the northern morn.
Seen where the moving isles of winter shock
By night, with noises of the Northern Sea.
So flash'd and fell the brand Excalibur :
But ere he dipt the surface, rose an arm
Clothed in white samite, mystic, wonderful.
And caught him by the hilt, and brandish'd

him
Three times, and drew him under in the mere.

Returning again to the king
he told him what he had seen,
and taking the king upon his
back, placed him in a barge
in which were three queens —
Queen Morgan le Fay ; the
Queen of Northgales ; and the
Queen of the Westerlands — who
wept over him on account of
his grievous wound. Elsdale
in his Studies of the Idylls
represents the three queens as
Faith, Hope and Charity. Then
sir Bedivere seeing his noble
master about to leave him, asked
permission to accompany him :

Ah ! my Lord Arthur, whither shall I go ?
Where shall I hide my forehead and my eyes ?
For now I see the true old times are dead,

and Arthur slowly answered :

' The old order changeth, yielding place to
new,
And God fulfils Himself in many ways,

• * *

Comfort thyself : what comfort is in me ?
I have lived my life, and that which I have

done
May He within Himself make pure ! but thou
If thou shouldst never see my face again,
Pray for my soul.

• » *

But now farewell. I am going a long way
With these thou sefet —

• * •

and the barge with oar and sail
Moved from the brink,

ART]

62

[ART

With the three mourning
queens he passed up the Bristol
Channel and hence

To the island-valley of Avilion :
Where falls not hail, or rain, or any snow,
Nor ever wind blows loudly ; but it lies
Deep-meadow'd, happy, fair with orchard

lawns
And bowery hollows crown'd with summer sea,
Where I will heal me of my grievous wound.

And in the Palace of Art the
scene is pictured :

Or mythic Uther's deeply-wounded son
In some fair space of sloping greens

Lay, dozing in the vale of Avalon,
And watch'd by weeping queens.

According to tradition, king
Arthur is not dead but rests in
Glastonbury, ' till he shall come
again, full twice as fair, to rule
over his people.' Cervantes in
his Don Quixote says :

that he did not die, but that, by magic art,
he was transformed into a raven : and that
in process of time, he shall reign again, and
recover his kingdom and sceptre ; for which
reason it cannot be proved that, from time
to time, any Englishman hath killed a raven.

Some authorities contend that
the mystery of his grave remains
unsolved, for

where is he who knows.
From the great deep to the great deep he goes .

Sharon Turner in his History
of the Anglo-Saxons says :

In 1 189 — in the reign of Henry II — the body
of king Arthur was found in Glastonbury
Abbey sixteen feet under the surface. It
was found under a stone, bearing the inscrip-
tion : Hie jacit sepultus inciltus rex Arthurus
in Insula Avallonia. The body was crumbled
to dust, but a lock of golden hair was found,
supposed to be that of his wife.

In the British Museum is a
fifteenth century MS., contain-
ing annals of the Cistercian
Abbey of Meaux, and a chronicle
of events connected with it
from its establishment in 1150
to the reign of Henry VI. In
this MS., occurs the following :

In the twenty- third year of king Henry,
the bodies of Arthur, some time king of the
Britons, and of Wenevere his wife, were found

at Glastonbury, between two stone pyramids
formerly erected in the sacred cemetery.
They were hidden by a hollow oak, lay about
fifteen feet deep in the ground, and were
distinguished by the most unmistakeable
marks ; for Arthur's thigh-bone, when ex-
amined, exceeded by three fingers in length
the tallest man's thigh-bone that had ever
been found, when measured down to the
knee. Moreover, the space between his eye-
brows was of the breadth of the palm of a
man's hand.

King Arthur has been made
the hero of many adventures by
romancers and poets of the
Middle Ages. The earliest
legends are found in the Welsh
Tales, the three Welsh poets,
Taliesin, Aneurin and Llywarch
Hen being the first to celebrate
his deeds. In the twelfth cen-
tury Geoffrey of Monmouth
introduced the legends into his
Latin History of the Britons.
In 1 1 96 archdeacon Map intro-
duced the legend of the Quest
of the Holy Grail, and in 1485
sir Thomas Malory published
his Morte d' Arthur. It is from
this work that Tennyson de-
rived most of the incidents
narrated in his Idylls of the
King, and his Morte d? Arthur.
Spencer introduced Arthur in
his Faerie Queene, and-Blackwood
wrote two epics, and Dryden
produced a dramatic opera
entitled King Arthur. Later
sir Walter Scott edited the old
romance of Sir Tristram, and
in 1838 lady Charlotte Guest
published a translation of the
mediaeval Welsh tales, known
as the Mabinogion. It is from
the latter work that Tennyson
derived his characters for his
Idyll of Geraint and Enid.

Morte d' Arthur g Coming

ARU]

63

[ASH

of Arthur ; Gareth and
Lynette ; Marriage of Ger-
aint ; Geraint and Enid ;
Balin and Balan ; Merlin
and Vivien ; Lancelot and
Elaine ; Holy Grail ; Pel-
leas and Ettarre ; Last
Tournament ; Guinevere ;
Passing of Arthur ; Becket ;
Merlin and the Gleam.

ARUNDEL (Thomas).

Archbishop of Canterbury.
Became bishop of Ely when
only twenty-one years of age,
and was Lord Chancellor five
times under Richard II and
Henry IV. In 1388 he was
created archbishop of York, and
translated to Canterbury in
1396; banished for conspiracy
against Richard II in 1397,
but returned to crown Henry IV
in 1399. He was a vigorous
persecutor of the Wickliffites
(1353-1414).

Sir John Oldcastle,
Lord Cobham.

ARVIRAGUS.

Younger son of Cymbeline, a
king of Britain from the time
of the invasion of Claudius to
the reign of Vespasian. Upon
the arrival of Joseph of Ari-
mathaea(y.t>.) Arviragus gave him
permission to settle, and pre-
sented him with land upon
which to erect a church.

1 From our old books I know
That Joseph came of old to Glastonbury,
And there the heathen Prince, Arviragus,
Gave him an isle of march whereon to build ;
And there he built with wattles from the

marsh
A little lonely church in days of yore.'

Arviragus is one of the char-

acters in Shakespeare's Cym-
beline.

Holy Grail.
ASAPH.

The Levite, chief musician to
king David. Considered to have
been the founder of a guild of
singers in the second Temple.

I have built the Lord a house — sing

Asaph ! clash
The cymbal, Heman ! blow the trumpet,

priest !
Fall, cloud, and fill the house — lo ! my

two pillars,
Jachim and Boaz !

Harold.
ASCALON.

A city of the Philistines . The
Egyptian army, sent by the
•Sultan of Egypt to recapture
Jerusalem, was defeated near
this town by the Crusaders under
Godfrey of Bouillon, August
12, 1099. Recaptured by the
Moslems, it was retaken in 1157
by Baldwin III, and in 1192
was the scene of a great victory
gained by the Christians under
Richard I, over the Saracen
army under Saladin. Its forti-
fications were demolished by
the Sultan Bibars, in 1270.
The Princess.
ASH.

ASHTREE.

A genus of trees of the Olive
family.

Amfhion ; The Princess ;
In Memoriam ; Harold ;
The Foresters ; Promise of
May.

ASHRIDGE.

Gardiner. I think she means to counsel
your withdrawing
To Ashridge, or some other country house.
» « *

I Elizabeth. 'Tis mine own wish fulfill'd
before the word

ASI]

64

[ASS

Was spoken, for in truth I had meant to crave
Permission of Her Highness to retire
To Ashridge,

Ashridge House, in Bucking-
hamshire, was founded in
1 221 by Edmund, earl of
Cornwall, a grandson of king
John, for an order of friars,
called Bonhommes. After the
dissolution of the monasteries
it was given to the princess
Elizabeth by her brother, Ed-
ward VI, after whose death
she continued to occupy it
during the reign of Mary, and
after her retirement from court
made it her permanent resi-
dence until she was suspected of
conniving at sir Thomas Wyatt's
rebellion, when she was removed
to the Tower.

Queen Mary.
ASIA.

L ocksley Hall Sixty
Tears After.

ASMODEUS.

Devils pluck'd my sleeve,
Abaddon and Asmodeus caught at me.

The angel of the bottomless

pit.

St. Simeon Stylites.

ASP ASIA.

The most accomplished
woman in Athens during the
government of that city by
Pericles, whose mistress she was.
When Pericles was deposed from
the office of General in 430
B.C. Aspasia was, by the poet
Hermippus, charged with im-
piety and brought to trial, but
the pleading of Pericles pro-
cured her acquittal, and subse-

quently a decree was passed
legitimizing her son.

The Princess.
ASPEN.

ASPEN-TREE.

A species of the poplar ; the
trembling poplar.

Lady of Shalott ; A Fare-
well ; Lancelot and Elaine.

ASPHODEL.

A plant of the lily species.
(Enone, Lotos-Eaters, Demeter
and Persephone.
ASPICK.

A venomous serpent.

Dream of Fair Women.

ASS.

A well-known quadruped of
the horse family.

The Princess ; Last Tourna-
ment; Queen Mary.

ASSAYE.

Against the myriads of Assaye
Clash'd with his fiery few and won ;

A small town in the Deccan,
India. Here Wellington, with
an army of 4,500 English and
Sepoy troops defeated the Mah-
ratta army, consisting of 30,000
men, on August 23, 1803.

Ode on the death of the
Duke of Wellington.

ASSYRIAN BULL.

That oil'd and curl'd Assyrian Bull
Smelling of musk and of insolence,
Her brother,

Maud's brother, with his
well-oil'd and groomed curly
hair, and his dignified manner,
is represented here by the
Assyrian Bull, human-headed
winged lions and bulls, sculp-

AST]

65

[ATH

tured in stone as found among
Assyrian antiquities.

Maud.

ASTOLAT.

According to Malory, the
town of Guildford in Surrey,
thirty miles south-west of Lon-
don, and situated on the river
Wey ; a tributary of the Thames.

And then he rode so much until he came
to Astolat, that is Gilford.
Malory : Morte d' Arthur, Book XVIII. chap.

ix.

It was the home of Elaine
• the lily maid of Astolat.'
Lancelot and Elaine.

ASTRiEAN.

The second-sight of some Astraan age,

Astraea, which means ' star-
bright ' was a daughter of
Astraeus and Eos, or, according
to another account, of Zeus
and Themis. She lived among
men on earth during the golden
age, and in the brazen age was
the last to withdraw into the
sky, where she shines as the
constellation of Virgo. Should
the golden age ever return it is
believed she will re-establish her
home on earth again. Many
poets make reference to this
theory, but the best known is
Dry den's Astra a Redux.

The Princess.

ATHELING (Edgar). See Edgar
(the Atheling).

ATHELING (Edmund).
Edmund Atheling.

See

ATHELSTAN.

King of the Mercians and
West-Saxons, and afterwards of

all the English. Son of Ed-
ward the Elder and grandson
of Alfred the Great. Defeated
the Welsh of Devonshire, Corn-
wall and Wales, and in 937
in a decisive battle defeated
the Welsh, Scots and Danes at
Brunanburh. He died at
Gloucester in 940, and was
buried at Malmesbury (895-940) .

Atheistan King,
Lord among Earls,
Bracelet-bestower and
Baron of Barons,
He with his brother,
Edmund Atheling,
Gaining a lifelong
Glory in battle,
Slew with the sword-edge
There by Brunanburh,

Battle of Brunanburh ;

Harold.

ATHENE (Pallas). See Pallas,
Pallas Athene.

ATHENS.

Capital of the kingdom of
Greece.

Freedom.
ATHOS.

Signifies 'Holy Hill.' A
mountain in the peninsula of
Salonica, 6,780 feet high. It
is celebrated for its twenty large
monasteries, built during the
ninth and tenth centuries, the
first of which is said to have
been founded by the empress
Helena. The roofs of these
monastic buildings sparkle with
hues of bronze and purple and
gold, and present a very pic-
turesque appearance. There
are many legends connected
with the mountain.

To E. L.

ATL]

66

[AUR

ATLANTIC.

The Atlantic Ocean.

Third of February ; The
Princess ; Columbus.
AUBREY (Ellen). See Ellen,
Ellen Aubrey .

AUDLEY.
AUDLEY COURT.

' Let us picnic there
At Audley Court.'

I spoke, while Audley feast
Humm'd like a hive all round the narrow quay.

A place-name in the poem
entitled Audley Court. The
poem was suggested by Abbey
Park, at Torquay.

Audley Court.
AUGUSTINE.

One of the fathers of the early
Church. In 371 he was sent
to Carthage, where he became
a convert to the Manichaeans,
and taught rhetoric with great
reputation, and on his return
to Rome was appointed its
professor at Milan. Here the
sermons of St. Ambrose effected
his conversion, and renouncing
his heretical opinions he was
baptized, 387. Returning to
Africa he was ordained a priest,
and subsequently became coad-
jutor of Valerius, bishop of
Hippo, and afterwards his suc-
cessor. In the church of All
Saints, Trull, Somerset, there
is a fifteenth century oak pulpit,
richly carved. On the pulpit
are five figures, one of which
represents Augustine of Hippo
(354-430). Columbus.

AURELIAN.

Lucius Domitius Aurelian,
son of a peasant of Pannonia,

was elected emperor of Rome
270 a.d., and rendered himself
famous for his military char-
acter ; drove the barbarians out
of Italy ; defeated Zenobia,
queen of Palmyra, and carried
her captive to Rome. After a
reign of six years, as he was on
his way to crush a rebellion in
Persia, he was assassinated near
Byzantium by his troops, a.d.
275.

with the Palmyrene
That fought Aurelian, and the Roman brows
Of Agrippina.

The Princess.
AURELIUS.

Elder brother of Uther the
pendragon and reigned before
him. In Latin he is called
Ambrosius. He was the uncle
of king Arthur. In 457 he
defeated the Saxons who had
been invited over by Vortigern,
and beheaded Hengist (q.v.) ;
and by the aid of his magician
Merlin, brought the great stones
known as the ' Giant's Dance '
from Kildare to Salisbury Plain
where he erected them as a
monument to the 460 British
chiefs who had been treacher-
ously slain by Hengist. It is
said that upon his death there
appeared in the sky a large
comet which issued two long
and brilliant rays, together with
a fairy form like a dragon.

For first Aurelius lived and fought and died,
And after him King Uther fought and died,
But either fail'd to make the kingdom one.

Coming of Arthur ; Gareth
and Lynette.
AURICULA.

A species of primrose, called

AUS]

67

[AYL

also, from the shape of its leaves,
bear's ear.

City Child.
AUSONIAN.

stay'd the Ausonian king to hear
Of wisdom and of law.

Ausonia was the name of
Campania, a province of Italy,
during its occupation by the
Oscans and Etruscans in the
eleventh century.

Palace of Art.

AUSTIN (Augustine).

Did not Great Gregory bid St. Austin here
Found two archbishopricks, London and
York?

Prior of the Benedictine mon-
astery of St. Andrew, Rome ;
sent by pope Gregory I in 596
with forty other monks as a
missionary to England. Land-
ing on the Isle of Thanet the
missionaries were kindly re-
ceived by Ethelbert, king of
Kent, who subsequently became
a convert to Christianity.
Founded the See of Canterbury,
and became its first archbishop.
Becket.
AVALON— AVILION.

Avalon or Avilion is supposed
to have been an island in the
neighbourhood of Glastonbury
in Somersetshire, where Joseph
of Arimathaea is said to have
first landed with his boat with
the Holy Grail. It was to this
island that king Arthur went
to be healed of his wounds,
which he had received in the
last weird battle in the west.

'if indeed 'I go
(For all my mind is clouded with a doubt) —
To the island-valley of Avilion ;

Where falls not hail, or rain, or any snow;
Nor ever wind blows loudly : but it lies
Deep-meadow'd, happy, fair with orchard

lawns
And bowery hollows crown'd with summer

sea,
Where I will heal me of my grievous wound.'

The word means 'Apple-green
Island ' and it has been de-
scribed as the ' Island of the
blest, upon which Glastonbury
stood.'

O three times famous Isle, where is that place
that might

Be with thy self compar'd for glory and de-
light,

Whilst Glastonbury stood ?

Drayton : PolyoWion, Third, Song.

Palace of Art ; Morte
d? Arthur ; Gareth and
Lynette ; Passing of
Arthur.

AVE MARY. See Mary.

AVERILL.

The Rector of the parish in
which Aylmer's Hall, the resi-
dence of sir Aylmer Aylmer
(q.v.) was situated. On the
death of Edith, the daughter of
sir Aylmer, he was asked to
preach the funeral sermon,
and taking for his text ' Behold,
your house is left unto you
desolate ' he denounced the
pride and self-seeking of the
Aylmer parents.

Aylmer's Field.

AVILION. See Avalon.

AYLMER.

Sir Aylmer Aylmer was a
country squire, and was looked
upon as the supreme authority
in the village in which he
resided.

Sir Aylmer Aylmer, that almighty man,
The county God — in whose capacious hall,
Hung with a hundred shields, the family tree
Sprang from the midriff of a prostrate king —

AYL]

68

[AYL

His wife, lady Aylmer, had
in her young days been a lady
of superior beauty and attrac-
tion, but with advancing years
had lost some of her good looks.

His wife, a faded beauty of the Baths,
Insipid as the Queen upon a card ;
Her all of thought and bearing hardly more
Than his own shadow in a sickly sun.

They had one daughter,
Edith, heiress of their wealth
and name, and a favourite in
the parish, and sir Alymer's
ambition was, that the man who
married her should adopt the
name of Aylmer in order that
the family name may not become
extinct.

His only child, his Edith, whom he loved

As heiress and not heir regretfully?

But ' he tha t marries her marries her'name.'

The Rector of the parish in
which Aylmer hall was situated
was named Averill, whose family
was on intimate terms with the
Aylmers, three generations of
each family having followed one
another at the rectory and the
hall respectively.

Where Aylmer followea Aylmer at the Hall
And Averill Averill at the Rectory
Thrice over : so that Rectory and Hall,
Bound in an immemorial intimacy,
Were open to each other :

Edith was in love with Leolin
— a barrister — brother of the
rector, who, during the vaca-
tions, used to come, and stay
with his brother at the rectory.
On the other hand an Indian
kinsman came to visit the
Aylmers and made presents to
Edith, among them being a
jewelled dagger; but as Edith
did not care neither for the
dagger nor the donor she passed
it on to Leolin. Owing to

the gossip in the village sir
Aylmer's eyes were opened to
the lovemaking between his
daughter and Leolin, with the
result that Leolin was forbidden
to enter his house, and Edith
was kept close at home.

' Boy, should I find you by my doors again,
My men shall lash you from them like a dog ;
Hence ! ' with a sudden execration drove
The footstool from before him ; and arose :

A clandestine correspondence
was however carried on, and this
being discovered was stopped,
and Edith was more closely
confined, with the result that she
lost her health and eventually
succumbed to an attack of
fever. When Leolin learned
the news he stabbed himself with
the dagger that Edith had given
him.

The second day
My lady's Indian kinsman rushing in,
A breaker of the bitter news from home,
Found a dead man , a letter edged with death
Beside him ; and the dagger which himself
Gave Edith, redden'd with no bandit's blood :
' From Edith ' was engraven on the blade.

On the Sunday following
Edith's death, the rector of the
parish was asked to preach her
funeral sermon, and taking for
his text ' Behold your house
is left unto you desolate,' he
denounced the pride of the
Aylmer parents.

Long o'er his bent brows linger'd Averill'
His face magnetic to the hand from which
Livid he pluck'd it forth, and labour'd thro'
His brief prayer-prelude, gave the verse

' Behold,
Your house is left unto you desolate ! '
But lapsed into so long a pause again
As half amazed half frighted all his flock :

In a fainting condition lady
Aylmer was carried out of
church, followed by her hus-
band, amid the frowns of the
congregation.

AYL]

69

[BAB

While thus he spoke, his hearers wept ; but

some,
Sons of the glebe, with other frowns than those
That knit themselves for summer shadow,

scowl' d
At their great lord.

Neither of them entered the
church again, for in the course
of a month lady Aylmer died.

But nevermore did either pass the gate
Save under pall with bearers. In one month,
Thro' weary and yet ever wearier hours,
The childless mother went to seek her .child .

Sir Aylmer became an im-
becile and two years later was
laid beside his wife and daughter;
the hall was demolished and
its place became the haunt of
the mole and hedgehog, the
slow-worm and the weasel.

his own head
Began to droop, to fall ; the man became
Imbecile ; his one word was ' desolate ; '
Dead for two years before his death was he ;
But when the second Christmas came, escaped
His keepers, and the silence which he felt,
To find a deeper in the narrow gloom
By wife and child.

* * »

Then the great Hall was wholly broken down,
And the broad woodland parcell'd into farms :
And where the two contrived their daughter's

good,
Lies the hawk's cast, the mole has made his

run,
The hedgehog underneath the plantain bores,
The rabbit fondles his own harmless face,
The slow-worm creeps, and the thin weasel

there
Follows the mouse, and all is open field.

Inter's Field.

Ayh

AYLMER-AVERILL.

A combination of the names
of Aylmer and Averill ; Aylmer
being the family name of the
pompous squire, and Averill
the name of the rector of the
parish in which Aylmer hall was
situated.

Where Aylmer followed Aylmer at the Hall
And Averill Averill at the Rectory
Thrice over ; so that Rectory and Hal),
Bound in an immemorial intimacy,
Were open to each other ;

In years gone by an Aylmer
had married an Averill.

There was an Aylmer- Averill marriage once,
When the red rose was redder than itself.

Aylmer 's Field.
AZORES.

A group of nine volcanic
islands in the Atlantic of which
Flores is one. It was near these
islands that sir Richard Gren-
ville (q.v.) in the reign of queen
Elizabeth was attacked by the
Spanish Fleet.

The Revenge.
AZRAEL.

I saw thee fall before me, and then
Me too the black-wing*d Azrael overcame,
But Death had ears and eyes ;

The Angel of Death. Ac-
cording to Mahomet the angel
appointed to inflict the death
penalty on all unbelievers.

Akbar's Dream.
BAAL.

The principal god of the Ca-
naanites and Phoenicians. In
Biblical times the priests, in
honour of their god, cut them-
selves with knives. I Kings
xviii. 28.

Aylmer 's Field ; Becket.

BABEL.

till a clamour grew
As of a new-world Babel, woman-built
And worse-confounded :

Signifies confusion. Has re-
ference to the building of the
tower of Babel. Genesis xi.

The Princess.
BABYLON.

Sea Dreams ; Sir John Old-
castle, Lord Cobham ; The Dawn.

BABYLONIAN WALL.

and she
The foundress of the Babylonian wall,

Semiramis, wife of Ninus,

BAC]

70

[BAL

king of Assyria and the founder
of Nineveh. She was the
daughter of Derceto, the Syrian
fish-goddess, and married Onnes
one of Ninus' generals ; but
after her heroic capture of
Bactra, the king married her,
and Onnes committed suicide.
After Ninus' death she ruled
and founded many cities, in-
cluding the city of Babylon.
After reigning forty-two years
she abdicated in favour of her
son and ascended to heaven in
the form of a dove.

The Princess.
BACCHANAL.

Then those who led the van, and those in rear,
Rush'd into dance, and like wild Bacchanals
Fled onward to the steeple in the woods :

=A noisy or riotous person.
Lover's Tale.
BACCHANTE.

Cassandra, Hebe, Joan,
Or spinning at your wheel beside the vine —
Bacchante, what you will ;

=A female disciple of Bacchus.
Romney's Remorse.

BACCHUS.

In Roman mythology the god
of wine, son of Zeus and
Semele.

Dream of Fair Women.

BACON (Lord). See Verulam.

BADGER.

A burrowing nocturnal
animal.

Holy Grail ; The Foresters.

BADON.

The twelfth great battle of
king Arthur with the Saxons
was fought near Badon Hill,
520 a.d. It was the greatest

of all his victories, it being
computed that ' nine hundred
and sixty men fell before
Arthur's single onset.'

' and on the mount
Of Badon I myself beheld the King
Charge at the head of all his Table Round,
And all his legions crying Christ and him,
And break them ; and I saw him, after, stand
High on a heap of slain, from spur to plume
Red as the rising sun with heathen blood,'

The locality of Badon has
been a matter of dispute. It
has been identified with Badon
Hill, in Linlithgow, but is now
generally thought to be Brad-
bury Hill, in Dorset.

Lancelot and Elaine.

BAGDAT.

or Bagdad, on the river
Tigris, was founded in 762 to
be the capital of the Caliphate.
Under Haroun Alraschid (q.v)
it became famous as a seat of
learning, and contained over
100 mosques, the domes and
minarets of which were orna-
mented with glazed tiles in
green and white.

By Bagdat's shrines of fretted gold,
High- walled gardens green and old ;
True Mussulman was I and sworn.

For it was in the golden prime

Of good Haroun Alraschid.

Recollections of the Arabian
Nights.

BAGENHALL. See Ralph, Ralph
Bagenhall.

BAILEY-GATE.

Storm at the Water-gate ! storm at the Bailey
gate ! storm.

Defence of Lucknow.
BALA.

A Welsh lake, out of which
flows the river Dee. The
south-west wind blows from
end to end of the lake, and as

BAL]

71

[BAL

it drives the water to north-east
it fills the river.

As the south-west that blowing Bala lake
Fills all the sacred Dee.

Geraint and Enid.
BALAN.

A Knight of the Round
Table ; brother of Balin (q.v.)
Balin and Balan.

BALE (John).

Bishop of Ossory. Born in
Suffolk, and educated at a
Carmelite monastery, Norwich,
and Jesus College, Cambridge,
he became a convert from
popery. In 1540, on the fall
of Cromwell, he fled to Ger-
many, but in 1547 was recalled
by Edward VI, made rector
of Swaffam in 1551, and two
years later bishop of Ossory.
On the accession of Mary he
fled to Basle, where he lived
until 1559, but returned in the
reign of Elizabeth, and was
made a prebendary of Canter-
bury. He wrote the first
literary history of England,
and in 1849 his select works
were published by the Parker
Society (1495-1563).

Queen Mary.
BALIN.

A knight of the Round Table
called 'The Savage.' He was
a Northumberland knight and
being taken captive by king
Arthur, was imprisoned for six
months. When he was released,
a damsel came to Camelot
girded with a sword, and told
the king that no one tainted
with ' treachery ' could draw

it. King Arthur and all his
knights tried and failed, but
sir Balin drew it easily. The
damsel begged for the sword
but Balin refused, whereupon
she said that it would be a
plague to him, for with it he
would slay his best friend, and
would also prove his own death.
The Lady of the Lake next
demanded the sword, but Balin
cut off her head with it and he
was banished from court. Going
one day to a castle to joust, he
met a knight in red, accom-
panied with a shield, and rode
forth to meet him. So fierce
was the encounter that both
the combatants were wounded,
each living long enough to
learn that his antagonist was
none other than his brother.

' O brother,' answered Balin, ' woe is me !
My madness all thy life has been thy doom,
Thy curse, and darken'd all thy day ; and now
The night has come. I scarce can see thee

now.
Goodnight ! for we shall never bid again

goodmorrow —

• * »

Goodnight, true brother.

Balan answer'd low,
' Goodnight, true brother here ! goodmorrow

there !
We two were born together, and we die
Together by one doom : ' and while he spoke.
Closed his death-drowsing eyes, and slept the

sleep
With Balin, either lock'd in either's arm.

Thus was fulfilled the dam-
sel's prophecy. Merlin buried
the two brothers in one tomb,
and

' the scabbard of Balin's sword Merlin left it
on this side the island that Galahad should
find it,' also he put ' Balin's sword in a marble
stone standing upright as great as a millstone,
and the stone hoved always above the water,
and did many years, and so by adventure it
swam down the stream to the city of Camelot,
that is in English Winchester.'
Malory : Morte d? Arthur, Book II. chap. xix.

Balin and Balan.

BAL]

BALLIOL

A college at Oxford founded
in 1263 by John de Baliol
father of John de Baliol king
of Scotland.

To the Master of Balliol.

BALM-CRICKET.

A cicada. A Dirge.

BALTIC.

O shaker of the Baltic and the Nile,

Has reference to Lord Nel-
son's victory at the battle of
Copenhagen, April 2, 1801.

Ode on the Death of the
Duke of Wellington.

BALTIC (Sea).

Maud.
BAMBOO.

A gigantic Indian reed or
grass, with hollow jointed stem,
which are used for poles,
walking sticks, etc.

To Ulysses.
BARA.

A Welsh word meaning
■ bread.'

Sir John Oldcastle,
Lord Cob ham.
BAR ABB AS.

Why should this Rome, this Rome,
Still choose Barabbas rather than the Christ.

Becket.

BARBARIAN.

Till that o'ergrown Barbarian in the East
Transgress his ample bound to some new
crown : —

=Russia.

Poland.

BARBAROSSA.

Surname of Frederick I,
emperor of the Holy Roman
Empire. Succeeded his father
duke Frederick II of Swabia
in 1 147, and his uncle Conrad
III as emperor in 1152. The

72 [BAR

great struggle of his reign was
with Lombardy. Honorius III
prepared to support the Lom-
bardy cities, and Gregory IX
began the struggle between the
papacy and the emperor.

I, true son
Of Holy Church — no croucher to the Gregories
That tread the kings their children under-

heel —
Must curb her, and the Holy Father, while
This Barbarossa butts him from his chair.

Died in 1190 in the crusade
against Saladin (11 23-1 190).
Becket.
BARCELONA.

At Barcelona — tho' you were not then

So bearded. Yes. The city deck'd herself

To meet me, roar'd my name ; the king, the

queen
Bad me be seated, speak, and tell them all
The story of my voyage,

A seaport and capital of the
province of Barcelona. On his
return from his first voyage
Columbus arrived at Barcelona,
where every preparation had
been made to give him an en-
thusiastic reception, and where
Ferdinand and Isabella, seated
under a rich canopy, awaited
his arrival. As Columbus ap-
proached the king and queen
rose from their seats, and
Columbus falling on his knees
requested to kiss their hands.
The sovereigns however
ordered him to seat himself
in their presence, and at their
request Columbus gave an
account of the voyage and a
description of the land he had
discovered. Columbus.

BARLOW (William).

A native of Essex, canon of
St. Osith monastery Essex, and
afterwards prior of the canons
at Bisham. Appointed bishop

BAR]

73

[BAY

of London, 1509, and bishop
of St. Asaph, 1535, being
transferred to St. David's in
the following year. In 1547
he was translated to Bath and
Wells, and became a zealous
preacher of the reformed faith.
On the accession of Mary he was
deprived of his bishopric, and
committed to the Tower, but
escaping, fled to Germany.

our Bishops from their sees
Or fled, they say, or flying — Poinet, Barlow,
Bale, Scory, Coverdale ;

Elizabeth having succeeded,
he returned, was created bishop
of Chichester, 1559, and in
1560 prebendary of West-
minster, and died the same year.
Queen Mary.

BARTON (Elizabeth). See Joan
of Kent.

BASILISK.

A fabulous creature, resem-
bling a dragon.

Holy Grail.
BASLE.

A city in the north-west of
Switzerland. Was a centre of
influence in Reformation times,
and for several years the home
of Erasmus.

To Strasburg, Antwerp,
Frankfort, Zurich, Worms,
Geneva, Basle — our Bishops from their sees
Or fled, they say, or flying —

Queen Mary.
BASS A.

Supposed to mean Bashall
Brook, which joins the river
Ribble near Clitheroe, in Lan-
cashire. It was the scene of
king Arthur's sixth victory over
the Saxons.

Lancelot and Elaine.

BAT.

An animal with a body like
a mouse, but which flies on
wings attached mainly to its
fore-feet.

Mariana ; The Princess ;

In Memoriam ; Maud ;

Balin and Balan ; Despair ;

The Foresters.

BATHS.

His wife a faded beauty of the Baths,

=Lady Aylmer. Had for-
merly been a belle at the
fashionable watering-places, but
had now lost her good looks.
Aylmer' 's Field.

BATHS, THE.

The Baths, the Forum gabbled of his death,

In great cities of the Roman
Empire the Baths were popular
lounges where amusements were
provided for the people ; con-
sequently centre of gossip.

St. Telemachus.

BATTLE-TWIG.

=an earwig.

Spinster's Sweet-Arts.
BAY.

=the laurel-tree.

Gareth and Lynette ; Poets
and their Bibliographies.

BAYEUX.

An ancient city of Normandy.
The ancient cathedral in Gothic
said to be the oldest in Nor-
mandy, was rebuilt, after a fire,
by William the Conqueror in
1077, but the present structure
dates mainly from 1106 to the
thirteenth century. Bayeux is
noted for its celebrated tapestry,
preserved in the Bayeux public

BEA]

74

[BED

library. It is 230 feet long,
by 20 inches wide, worked in
coloured worsted, and divided
into seventy-two scenes, con-
nected with the life of William
the Conqueror. It is con-
sidered to have been the work
of queen Matilda. William's
half-brother, Odo, was ap-
pointed bishop of Bayeux in
1048, a see which he held for
fifty years. Harold.

BEAR.

=an animal of many varieties.

The Princess ; Coming of

Arthur ; Pelleas and

Ettarre ; Harold ; Becket.

BEAR.

A constellation of seven stars
in the northern hemisphere,
called also the Plough, the
Wagon, and Charles's Wain.
In Welsh it is called the Chariot
of Arthur, as the name Arthur
originally denoted a Bear ; while
the Round Table was suggested
by the movement of the con-
stellation round the pole star.

Now poring on the glow-worm, now the star,
I paced the terrace, till the Bear had wheel 'd
Thro' a great arc his seven slow suns.

The Princess, iv.
and thro' the gap
The seven clear stars of Arthur's Table Round —
Holy Grail.

The Princess.
BECKET (Gilbert). See Gilbert

Becket.
BECKET (Thomas). See Thomas,

Thomas Becket.
BEDINGFIELD (Henry). See

Henry Bedingfield.
BEDIVERE.

The first made and the latest

left of all the Knights of the

Round Table. He is described
as the ' bold sir Bedivere,'
being always ready to defend
king Arthur's right to the
throne.

For bold in heart and act and word was he,
Whenever slander breathed against the King —

He was one of the three
knights sent by king Arthur
to king Leodogran, to ask for
the hand of his daughter
Guinevere ; and in the last
weird battle in the west the
only knight of Arthur's who
escaped alive. When Arthur
lay dying he commanded sir
Bedivere to return his sword
Excalibur to the Lady of the
Lake.

' But now delay not : take Excalibur,
And fling him far into the middle mere :
Watch what thou seest, and lightly bring me
word.'

Twice did sir Bedivere go
to the pool and twice did his
heart fail him, for thinking it
a pity to throw away so valuable
a weapon he hid it among the
waterflags about the marge.
Returning to the dying king
and being questioned as to what
he had seen he replied :

' I heard the ripple washing in the reeds,
And the wild water lapping on the crag.'

but the dying monarch detect-
ing the knight's deception,
threateningly commanded him
to fulfil his wishes.

' Unknightly, traitor-hearted ! Woe is me I
Authority forgets a dying king,

» * •

get thee hence :
But, if thou spare to fling Excalibur,
I will arise and slay thee with my hands.'

whereupon the knight rose, and
going down to the mere, clutch'd
the sword and threw it in the
water.

BEE]

75

[BEL

But ere it dipt the surface, rose an arm
Clothed in white samite, mystic, wonderful^
And caught him by the hilt, and brandish'd

him
Three times, and drew him under in the mere.

Returning to the king sir
Bedivere told him what he had
seen, and taking the king upon
his back went to the water-
side and placed him in a barge
in which were three queens,
all of whom wept. Rowing
from the land sir Bedivere
cried :

' Ah, my lord Arthur, what shall become of
me now ye go from me, and leave me here
alone among thine enemies. Comfort thy-
self, said the king, and do as well as thou
mayest, for in me is no trust for to trust in.
For I will into the vale of Avilion, to heal me
of my grievous wound. And if thou hear
never more of me, pray for my soul.'

Malory : Morte d' Arthur, Book XXI. chap. v.

And as soon as the bold sir
Bedivere lost sight of the barge
he wept, and taking to the
forest became a hermit.

Morte d? Arthur ; Coming
of Arthur ; Passing of
Arthur.

BEE.

A four-winged insect that
makes honey.

Claribel ; A Dirge ;

Eleanor e ; Two Voices ;
(Enone ; Amphion ; A
Farewell ; Enoch Arden ;
The Princess ; Northern
Farmer, New Style ; The
Window ; Lancelot and
Elaine ; Holy Grail ; An-
cient Sage ; Fastness ; Pro-
gress of Spring ; Romney's
Remorse.

BEEA.

=B(

Northern Cobbler.

BEECH.

A tree with smooth silvery-
looking bark.

On a Mourner ; Talking
Oak ; In Memoriam ;
Progress of Spring ; Edwin
Morris ; Amphion ; The
Brook ; Prologue to General
Hamley ; The Cup.

BEELZEBUB.

The Foresters.
BEETLE.

An insect, having four wings,
the outer pair being stiff cases
for covering the others when
they are folded up.

Claribel.
BEL.

The British god of the under-
world.

Boddicea.
BELLEROPHON.

Name of a horse.

The Brook.

BELLICENT.

Daughter of Gorlois, duke of
Cornwall, and his wife Ygerne.
As a widow married Uther the
pendragon, and was therefore
the mother of Arthur. Tenny-
son says that she was the wife
of Lot, king of Orkney, and
mother of Gawain and Modred :

there came to Cameliard,
With Gawain and young Modred, her two sons,
Lot's wife, the Queen of Orkney, Bellicent ;

Geoffrey of Monmouth says
* that Lot's wife was Anne, the
sister of Arthur ; ' but Malory,
in his Morte d' Arthur, says :
' And king Lot of Lothian and
of Orkney then wedded Mar-
gawse that was Gawaine's

BEN]

76

[BER

mother : and king Nentres of
the land of Garlot wedded
Elaine.'

Coming of Arthur ; Gareth
and Lynette.
BENEDICT.

Founder of the religious
order of the Benedictines. Born
at Nursia of wealthy parents,
he became convinced of the
necessity of leading a life of
meditation and prayer, and
lived for three years as a hermit.
Appointed abbot of the monas-
tery of Vicovaro, he left it
on account of the rules not
being severe enough and founded
the monastery of Monte Cassino,
near Naples (480-543).

Becket.
BENGAL.

A presidency of British India.
The Brook.

BERKELEY (Maurice). See
Maurice, Maurice Berkeley.

BERKHAMSTEAD.

A castle erected by the
Saxons, but in the time of
Henry I was ordered to be
razed to the ground. It is
probable, however, that the
demolition was only partial,
as we find it some years later
fitted up as a royal residence.
In the twelfth century it was
given to Thomas Becket, arch-
bishop of Canterbury, by
Henry II, and since was granted
by the Crown from time to time
to various noble families, until
the time of Edward III, when
it descended from the Crown to

the successive Princes of Wales
as heirs apparent to the throne
and possessors of the dukedom
of Cornwall. Becket.

BERKSHIRE.

and as now
Men weed the white horse on the Berkshire

hills
To keep him bright and clean as heretofore,

The figure of the White Horse
on the Berkshire Hills is said
to have been executed by king
Alfred to celebrate his victory
over the Danes at Ashdown in
871. The figure, which is 374
feet long, can be seen at a
distance of fifteen miles, and is
formed by cutting away the
turf and leaving the chalk
bare. A ceremony called the
' Scouring of the White Horse '
was formerly held once a year ;
and for this purpose it was
customary for the neighbouring
inhabitants to assemble with
picks and shovels, and after they
had rendered more distinct the
form of the horse, were enter-
tained by the lord of the manor.

The owld White Harse wants zettin to rights,

And the Squire hev promised good cheer,
Zo we'll gee un a scrape to kip un in shape,

And a 11 last for many a year.
A was made a lang lang time ago

Wi' a good dale o' labour and pains,
By King Alferd the Great when he spwiled
their consate

And caddled thay wosbirds the Danes.
The Bleawin Stwun in days gone by

Wur King Alferd's bugle ham,
And the tharnin tree you med plainly zee

As is called King Alferd's tharn.
There'll be backsword play, and climmin the
powl,

And a race for a peg, and a cheese,
And us thenks as hisn's a dummell zowl

As dwont care for zich spwoorts as theze.
Hughes : Scouring of the White Horse.

The festival, which concluded
their labours, included horse-
racing, foot-races, backsword-
play, and other old English

BER]

11

[BEV

games, and prizes were distri-
buted to the successful com-
petitors. The ceremony was
suspended in 1780, only, how-
ever, to be renewed with great
pomp in 1857. Appended is
a copy of the hand-bills an-
nouncing the ceremony for the
years 1776 and 1857 ; from The
Scouring of the White Horse,
by Hughes.

White Horse Hill, Berks, 1776.
' The scowering and cleansing of the White
Horse is fixed for Monday the 27th day of May ;
on which day a Silver Cup will be run for near
White Horse Hill, by any horse, etc., that
never run for anything, carrying n stone, the
best of 3 two-mile heats, to start at ten o'clock.
' Between the heats will be run for by Poneys,
a Saddle, Bridle and Whip ; the best of 3 two-
mile heats, the winner of 2 heats will be en-
titled to the Saddle, the second best the Bridle,
and the third the Whip.

4 The same time a Thill harness will be run
for by Cart-horses, etc., in their harness and
bells, the carters to ride in smock frocks without
saddles, crossing and jostling, but no whipping
allowed.

' A flitch of Bacon to be run for by asses.

' A good Hat to be run for by men in sacks,
every man to bring his own sack.

' A Waistcoat, 10s. 6d. value, to be given to
the person who shall take a bullet out of a
tub of flour with his mouth in the shortest
time.

' A Cheese to be run for down the White
Horse Manger.

' Smocks to be run for by ladies, the second
best of each prize to be entitled to a Silk Hat.

' Cudgel-playing for a gold-laced Hat and a
pair of buckskin Breeches, and Wrestling for a
pair of silver Buckles and a pair of pumps.

' The horses to be on the White Horse Hill
by nine o'clock.

■ No less than four horses, etc. or asses to
start for any of the above prizes.'
Pastimf«

To be held on the occasion of the Scouring of
the White Horse, September 17 and 18, 1857.

At a meeting held at the Craven Arms, Uf-
fington, on the 20th day of August, 1857, the
following resolutions (amongst others) were
passed unanimously : —

First. That a pastime be held on the White
Horse Hill, on Thursday and Friday, the
17th and 18th of September, in accord-
ance with the old custom at the time of
' The Scouring of the Horse.'

2dly. That E. Martin Atkins, Esq., of
Kingston Lisle, be appointed Treasurer.

3dly. That prizes be awarded for the fol-
ing games and sports, That is to say —

Rarksword Plav i 01d 8amesters> &

Backsword ^lay { Young gamesters, £4

«r — f Old gamesters, £5

Wrestling. { Youn6g gamesters, £4

A jingling match.

Foot races.

Hurdle races.

Race of cart-horses in Thill harness (for a
new set of harness).

Donkey race (for a flitch of bacon).

Climbing pole (for a leg of mutton).

Races down ' the Manger ' (for cheeses).

A pig will be turned out on the down, to be
the prize of the man who catches him
(under certain regulations) ; and further
prizes will be awarded for other games and*
sports as the funds will allow.

4thly. That no person be allowed to put
up or use a stall or booth on the ground,
without the previous sanction of Mr. Spack-
man, of Bridgecombe Farm [the occupier],
who is hereby authorized to make terms
with any person wishing to put up a stall
or booth.

Signed, E. Martin Atkins,

Chairman.

The White Horse was the
emblem of Hengist, and repre-
sented Odin, the war-god of
the Teutonic Tribes.

Geraint and Enid.
BESS.

The wife of a farmer, a native
of the north of England.

Owd Rod.
BESS.

Servant girl to an old spinster,
who named her cats after her
former admirers.

Spinster's Sweet-Arts.

BESSY MARRIS.

A person of rather doubtful
character. She accused an old
farmer of being the father of
her child. In order to deal
fairly he decided to look after
Bessy and her child.

I done moy duty boy 'um as I 'a done boy the
lond.

Northern Farmer, Old Style.
BETHLEHEM.

Not least art thou, little Bethlehem

In Judah, for in thee the Lord was born;

See Matthew »»'. v.

Sir John Oldcastler
Lord Cobham.

BEVERLEY (John).

Carmelite : doctor and pro-
fessor of divinity at Oxford ;

BID]

78

[BLA

canon of St. John's Church,
Beverley ; burnt to death, 1414.

Burnt — good Sir Roger Acton, my dear friend '
Burnt too, my faithful preacher, Beverley !

Sir John Oldcastle,
Lord Cob ham.

BIDEFORD.

A town on the north coast of
Devonshire, and in the time of
Elizabeth a port of some im-
portance. It was the birth-
place of sir Richard Grenville
(q.v), commander of The Re-
venge ; and we may assume the
greater part of his crew be-
longed to this place :

But Sir Richard bore in hand all his sick men

from the land
Very carefully and slow,
Men of Bideford in Devon.

Here Kingsley wrote part of
his Westward Ho !

The Revenge.
BILLY.

Name of a horse.

Village Wife.

BILLY-ROUGH-UN.

Name of a horse.

Village Wife.

BINDWEED-BELL.

=the convolvulus, a genus
of plants so-called from their
twining or binding, with showy
bell-like flowers.

The Brook.
BIRCH.

A tree of several species.
Prologue to General Hamley.

BIRK.

= Birch.
A Dirge ; Progress of Spring.

BISCAY.

A bay between the west coast

of France and the north coast
of Spain. Navigation is much
impeded by the heavy seas
produced by the north-west
winds.

Enoch Arden.

BITHYNIA.

A country in the north-west
of Asia Minor, its inhabitants
being of Thracian origin. In
the seventh and sixth cen-
turies B.C. it was part of the
kingdom of Lydia, and after-
wards became a part of the
Persian empire under Cyrus.
During the decline of the
Persian empire it became an
independent kingdom under
a dynasty of native princes,
which lasted until 74 B.C.,
when Nicomedes III bequeathed
it after his death to the Romans
and it became a province of the
empire.

The Cup.

BLAISE (Saint).

Bishop of Sebaste, Cappa-
docia, suffered martyrdom, 316.
In 1070 a chapel in the north
transept of Canterbury Cathe-
dral was dedicated to St. Blaise
which stood intact until 1379,
when, in the course of rebuilding
the nave the chapel was done
away with. The staircase and
passage leading to it is however
preserved in the existing wall

To the crypt ? no — no,
To the chapel of St. Blaise beneath the roof !

Becket.
BLACK.

An inland sea bounded by
Russia, Asia Minor and Euro-

BLA]

79

[BLU

pean Turkey, Bulgaria and
Roumania.

Maud.
BLACK BESS.

Name of a horse.

The Brook.
BLACKBIRD.

A species of thrush, a well-
known singing bird.

The Blackbird ; Audley
Court ; Early Spring.

BLACKCAP.

A small European bird, so-
called from its black crown.

Progress of Spring.

BLACKTHORN.

A dark-coloured thorn ; the
sloe.

May Queen.
BLANCHE.

Lady Blanche, mother of
Melissa, and a widow. She was
a woman of narrow and jealous
disposition. Was engaged by
the princess Ida in the college
founded by the princess for
women. She regarded the in-
stitution as a means for ignoble
self-aggrandisement, and was
willing to desert it when she
conceived that her end might be
more effectively secured else-
where. Envious, self-centred,
treacherous, she lacked even the
redeeming feature of love for
her child or respect for the
memory of her dead husband.
The Princess.

BLESSED ISLES.

Row to the blessed Isles ! the blessed Isles !
Sinnatus !

Name given to the Canary

Islands off the coast of north-
west Africa.

The Cup.

BLEYS.

The historian of Arthur's
court. Malory tells us how
Merlin, after Arthur's great
battle against the kings, ' he took
leave of Arthur and of the two
kings, for to go and see his
master Bleise that dwelt in
Northumberland. Merlin gave
Bleise an account of the fight,
and so Bleise wrote the battle,
word by word, as Merlin told
him. ... All the battles that
was done in Arthur's days Mer-
lin did his master Bleise do
write.'

andfone
Is Merlin's master (so the}' call him) Bleys,
Who taught him magic ; but the scholar ran
Before the master, and so far, that Bleys
Laid magic by, and sat him down and wrote
All things and whatsoever Merlin did
In one great annal-book, where after-years
Will learn the secret of our Arthur's birth.'

Coming of Arthur.
BLIND FATE.

Tho' Sin too oft, when smitten by Thy rod,
Rail at ' Blind Fate ' with many a vain
'Alas!'

Has reference to a man who,
for his evil deeds, and his viola-
tion of the Divine Law, is
overtaken by God's judgments,
but refuses to see in them any-
thing more than the operation of
' Blind Fate.'

Doubt and Prayer.

BLUEBELL.

A plant which bears blue bell-
shaped flowers.

A Dirge ; Adeline ; Last
Tournament ; Becket ; Pro-
mise of May.

BLU]

80

[BOM

BLUEBOTTLE.

A plant which grows in grain
fields, so called from its blue
bottle-shaped flowers.

Promise of May.

BOADICEA.

Queen of the Iceni in Britain
who inhabited Norfolk and Suf-
folk. Being treated with in-
dignity by the Romans, she —
during the absence of the Ro-
man governor in Anglesey —
assembled an army, captured
and burnt the Roman colonies
of London, Colchester, and
Verulam and slew 70,000 Ro-
mans. Upon his return Sue-
tonius Paulinus attacked and
defeated her and in despair she
poisoned herself, a.d. 61. This
victory secured the Roman
dominion in Britain. Cowper
makes her the subject of one of
his poems.

She, with all a monarch's pride,
Felt them in her bosom glow,

Rushed to battle, fought and died,
Dying, hurled them at the foe.

Cowper : Boadicea, 37-40.

Boadicea.

BOANERGES.

A declamatory parson, who
consigns to perdition all except
his own followers.

Our Boanerges with his threats of doom,
And loud-!ung'd Antibabylonianisms.

Sea Dreams.

BOAR.

=the wild boar.
Coming of Arthur ; Gareth
and Lynette ; The Foresters.

BOAZ.

A brass pillar, signifying
strength, at the entrance to

Solomon's Temple, i Kings
vii. 21.

I f have built the Lord a house — sing,

Asaph ! clash
The cymbal, Heman ! blow the trumpet,

priest !
Fall, cloud, and fill the house — lo ! my

two pillars
Jachin and Boaz ! —

Harold.
BOBOLI.

At Florence too what golden hours,
In those long galleries, were ours ;

What drives about the fresh Cascine,
Or walks in Boboli's ducal bowers.

Giardino di Boboli, a garden
behind the Pitti Palace, Flor-
ence. The walks, bordered
with evergreens, attract crowds
of pleasure-seekers.

The Daisy.
BOGGLE.

=a ghost.

Northern Farmer, Old Style.

BOLEYN.

Second queen of Henry VIII,
and mother of Elizabeth. After
a three years' residence at the
French court became maid-
of-honour to queen Catherine ;
attracted the admiration of
Henry, and the king having
instituted proceedings with a
view of his divorce from Cather-
ine of Aragon married her
secretly on January 3, 1533 ;
charged with adultery and con-
spiracy she was condemned to
death and beheaded on Tower
Hill, 1536 (1507-1536).

Queen Mary.

BOLINGBROKE (Harry). See
Harry Bolingbroke.

BONNER (Edmund).

Bishop of London. Chap-

BON]

81

[BOS

lain to cardinal Wolsey 1539;
appeared before the pope at
Marseilles in 1 533 to appeal
for the excommunication of
Henry VIII ; appointed to the
living of East Dereham, 1534;
bishop of Hereford and am-
bassador to the French court,
1538. In 1540 he was made
bishop of London ; and was
appointed ambassador to the
emperor, 1542 ; fell into dis-
grace under Edward VI, who
imprisoned him in Fleet ; repri-
manded for neglecting to en-
force use of the new prayer
book, and imprisoned at Mar-
shalsea, 1540-53 ; deprived of
his bishoprick ; restored on
the accession of Mary, 1553 ;
refused to take the oath of
supremacy under Elizabeth and
was again imprisoned in the
Marshalsea where he died (1500-
1569).

Queen Mary.

BONNY DOON.

where the waters marry — crost,
Whistling a random bar of Bonny Doon,

Air or tune to which the song
of The Banks 0' Doon is sung.
The song is by Robert Burns,
and begins :

Ye banks and braes o' bonnie Doon,
How can ye bloom sae fresh and fair,

Doon is the name of a river in
Ayrshire.

The Brook.

BOOR-TREE

= Elder-tree.

Tomorrow.
BORS.

A Knight of the Round

Table, called sir Bors de Ganis>
brother of sir Lionel and
nephew of sir Lancelot. He
was \ a square-set man and
honest ; ' and represented those
who have sinned and effectually
repented. When sir Bors went
to the castle of Corbin and saw
Galahad, the son of Lancelot
and Elaine, he ' wept for joy,
and he prayed to God it might
prove as good a knight as his
father was,' and forthwith the
Holy Grail appeared unto him :

And so came in a white dove, and she bare
a little censer of gold in her mouth, and there
was all manner of meats and drinks, and a
maiden bare that Sancgreal, and she said
openly, Wit you well Sir Bors that this child
is Galahad, that shall sit in the siege perilous,
and achieve the Sancgreal, and he shall be
much better than ever was Sir Launcelot du
Lake, that is his own father. And then they
kneeled down and made their devotions. . . .
And then the dove took her flight, and the
maiden vanished with the Sancgreal as [sh
came. «H| '

Malory : Morte <T Arthur, Book XI. chap, iv

Sir Bors accompanied sir
Galahad and sir Percivale in
the quest of the Holy Grail,
and was present when it ap-
peared. After the death of
Galahad, sir Bors departed
with sir Lancelot from Cardiff
and sailed to Benwick, and was
crowned king of all king Claudus*
lands.

Holy Grail.
BOS.

when the long wave broke
All down the thundering shores of Bude and
Bos,

Represents the rocky coast
of Cornwall. Bos, now called
Boscastle, is a village near
Tintagil Head.

Guinevere.
BOSHAM.

A seaport in Sussex. It was
G

BOU]

82

[BOV

for some time the residence of
king Harold, and the place
from which he started on his
journey to Normandy. In the
church is the tomb of Bosham,
secretary to Thomas Becket.
King Canute built a castle
here, and his daughter lies
buried in the church.

Harold ; Becket.

BOUNTEOUS ISLE. See Mael-
dune.

BOURNE (Gilbert).

Son of Philip Bourne and
brother of sir John Bourne,
Secretary of State in the time
of Mary. In 1531 we find him
Fellow of All Souls' College,
Oxford, and ten years' later
was made prebendary of Wor-
cester and of St. Paul's. In
the meantime he had become
chaplain to bishop Bonner, and
was in 1553 sent to preach at
Paul's Cross ; and denouncing
Edward VI for having im-
prisoned Bonner in the Mar-
shalsea, the crowd became so
exasperated that a dagger was
hurled at him, and had it not
been for the interference of
Courtenay, earl of Devon,
would have undoubtedly paid
for his rashness with his life.

Son Courtenay, wilt thou see the holy father
Murdered before thy face ? up, son, and save

him !
They love thee, and thou canst not come to

harm.

In 1553 he was created bishop
of Bath and Wells, and soon
afterwards was made president
of Wales, but in the reign of
Elizabeth was deprived (1559)

for refusing to take the oath of
supremacy, and was committed
to the Tower ; afterwards being
committed to ' free custody.'
He died at Silverton, Devon-
shire, 1569.

Queen Mary.

BOVADILLA (Franciso de).

An official of the royal house-
hold of Ferdinand and Isa-
bella ; appointed Commissioner
to investigate the state of
affairs that existed in the island
of Hispaniola under the vice-
regency of Christopher Colum-
bus. Armed with authority to
take complete possession of the
island he sailed from Spain in
July 1500, and entered the
harbour of San Domingo on
August 23 of the same year.
Landing on the following day
he demanded from James Col-
umbus— brother of the naviga-
tor, who was left in command
during Christopher's absence
in Vega Real — the release of
all the prisoners in the fortress,
and upon James refusing took
the fortress by storm. He then
occupied Columbus' house and
seized all his public and private
papers. Hearing of Bovadilla's
arrival, Columbus set out for
San Domingo, and upon his
arrival was — with his brothers
James and Bartholomew —
arrested, placed in chains and
sent home to Spain, Bovadilla
remaining in command of the
island. He however tailed to
reduce the colony to order, and

BOX]

in 1 501 was superseded by
Nicholas de Ovando. Upon
the latter's arrival in the island,
Bovadilla embarked for Spain,
but encountering a hurricane
immediately upon leaving the
shore was shipwrecked and
consequently lost his life.

Columbus.
BOX.

A tree or shrub remarkable
for the hardness and smoothness
of its wood.

A Spirit haunts.

BRAMBLE.

A prickly shrub.

Holy Grail; Pelleas and
Ettarre.
BRANDAGORAS.

King of Latangor, subdued
by king Arthur, fighting on
behalf of Leodogran, king of
Cameliard.

Coming of Arthur.

BRAST1AS.

A Knight of the Round
Table : one of the three knights
sent by king Arthur to king
Leodogran to ask for the hand
of his daughter Guinevere.
Brastias became a hermit and
retired to a hermitage in the
forest of Windsor, where he
was visited by sir Lancelot
when the latter was com-
manded by Guinevere to avoid
the court.

Coming of Arthur.

BRENDAN.

An Irish saint of the sixth
century. He lived an ascetic
life and was Abbot over 100

83 [BRI

monks. Said to have visited
certain islands in the eastern
ocean where he — with his Irish
monks — preached.

And we came to the Isle of a Saint who had
sail'd with St. Brendan of yore.

The islands of St. Brendan are
supposed to be to the west of
the Canary Islands. Brendan
visited St. Columbia at Iona
in 563. He is the hero of the
Navigation of St. Brendan, a
popular tale of the mediaeval
ages.

Voyage of Maeldune.

BRETON (Brittany).

Maud ; Merlin and Vivien ;
Last Tournament.

BRETT (Captain).

Joined sir Thomas Wyatt in
insurrection to prevent the
marriage of Mary with Philip
of Spain, and was in charge
of the London deserters ; taken
prisoner by sir Maurice Berke-
ley at Temple Bar, and executed.
Queen Mary.
BRIAR.

=Brier.

Day-Dream ; Promise of May.

BRIER.

A plant with a stem bearing
prickles.

Buonaparte ; You might
have won ; The Princess ;
The Window ; Last Tourna-
ment ; Lover's Tale.

BRIGADE, Heavy. See Heavy
Brigade.

BRIGADE Light. See Light
Brigade.

BRI1 84

BRIGADE, Scarlett's. See Scar-
lett's Brigade.
BRIONY.

On a sudden a low breath
Of tender air made tremble in the hedge
The fragile bindweed- bells and briony rings ;
And he look'd up.

A wild climbing plant com-
mon in English hedgerows ; its
rings are its spiral tendrils.

Talking Oak ; The Brook.

BRITAIN.

You ask me why ; The
Princess; Third of Febru-
ary ; A Welcome to Her
Royal Highness Marie
Alexandrovna ; Boddicea ;
Maud ; Coming of Arthur ;
Marriage of Geraint ; Balin
and Balan ; Lancelot and
Elaine ; Last Tournament ;
Guinevere ; To the Queen,
II ; Defence of Lucknow ;
Sir John Oldcastle, Lord
Cobham ; Battle of Brunan-
burh ; Opening of the Indian
and Colonial Exhibition ;
To Marquis of Dufferin and
Ava; Harold; Queen Mary.

BRITO (Richard de). See De
Brito.

BRITTANY.

The north-western peninsula
of France. It was conquered
by the Romans in 57-56 B.C.,
and in the fifth and sixth cen-
turies was invined and chris-
tianized from England and Ire-
land. From the end of the
tenth to the middle of the
fifteenth centuries it was inde-
pendent of the French king,
being governed by dukes, but

[BRO

in 1532 was united to the French
crown.

Last Tournament ; Harold ;
The Foresters.

BROC. See De Broc.

BROCELIANDE.

A forest supposed to have been
Brittany. At one end of the
forest stands the fountain of
Baranton, and near by is the
tomb of Merlin surmounted
by a cross of wood. From the
fountain flows a mineral spring,
which bubbles up when a piece
of iron or copper is thrown
into it.

And chased the flashes of his golden horns
Until they vanish'd by the fairy well
That laughs at iron — as our warriors did —
Where children cast their pins and nails, and
crv, , .

' Laugh, little well,' but touch it with a sword,
It buzzes fiercely round the point ;

Merlin and Vivien.
BROOKS.

William Henry Brookfield,
son of Charles Brookfield, a
Sheffield solicitor. Curate of
Maltby (1834), St. James',
Piccadilly, London (1840), and
St. Luke's, Berwick Street
(1841) ; chaplain-in-ordinary to
queen Victoria (i860). Whilst
at Trinity College, Cambridge,
made the acquaintance of
Tennyson, who in 1875 wrote
for Lord Lyttelton's preface to
Sermons by the late Rev. Wil-
liam Henry Brookfield, the
following :

Old Brooks, who loved so well to mouth my

rhymes, . .,

How oft we two have heard St. Mary s chimes !
How oft the Cantab supper, host and guest.
Would echo helpless laughter to your jest !
How oft with him we paced that walk of limes.
Him, the lost sight of those dawn-golden times.
Life of Tennyson.

To Rev. W. H. Brookfield.

BRU]

85

[BUL

BRUNANBURH.

The scene of a bloody battle
in 937, where Athelstan (q.v.)
and his brother Edmund Athel-
ing (q-v) gained a decisive
victory over Anlaf the Dane,
Constantine of Scotland, and
the Northumbrian Danes,
which victory practically estab-
lished the unity of England.
The site of the battle is uncer-
tain, but it has been variously
located in Northumberland,
Dumfriesshire, Lancashire and
Yorkshire.
Battle of Brunanburh ; Harold.

BRUNELLESCHI.

A famous Italian architect,
born at Florence. He built
the Pitti Palace, the churches
of San Lorenzo, and Spirito
Santo, as well as the Duomo
of the Cathedral, the latter
being his principal title to fame.

My dearest brother, Edmund, sleeps,
Not by the well-known stream and rustic

spire,
But unfamiliar Arno, and the dome
Of Brunelleschi :

The Brook.
BRUSSELS.

The capital of Belgium.

Queen Mary.

BRUTUS (Lucius Junius). See
Lucius Junius Brutus.

BUBLIN'.

=a young unfledged bird.
Owd Rod.

BUCKINGHAM.

Edward Stafford, third duke
of Buckingham, eldest son of
Henry Stafford, second duke.
On April 16, 1521, he was com-

mitted to the Tower for treason,
and on May 13 was tried by
seventeen peers, presided over
by the duke of Norfolk ; con-
demned and executed on Tower
Hill on the 17th of the same
month, his body being buried
in the church of the Austin
Friars (1478-1521).

Queen Mary.
BUDE.

when the long wave broke
All down the thundering shores of Bude and
Bos,

The rocky coast of Cornwall.
Bude is a small port on the
north coast of that county.
Guinevere.

BULBUL.

A Persian word much used in
Persian poetry. Though there
is much dispute as to the bird
to which it refers, it is generally
considered to be the nightingale.

The living airs of middle night
Died round the bulbul as he sung ;

Recollections of the Arabian
Nights ; The Princess.

BULL.

An inn sign.

The Bull, the Fleece are cramm'd, and not a
room

For love or money.

Audley Court.

BULL (Edward).
A curate.

Edwin Morris.

BULLINGHAM (tficholas).

Fellow of All Souls' College,
Oxford, 1536; chaplain to
archbishop Cranmer ; preben-
dary of Lincoln, 1547 ; and
rector of Thimbleby, 1551 ;
deprived on account of being

BUR]

86

[CAD

married in 1553, and on the
outbreak of the Marian per-
secution fled to Germany. In
the reign of Elizabeth he re-
turned, was appointed to the
vacant See of Lincoln rendered
vacant by the deprivation of
bishop Watson, and was one
of the bishops appointed to
draw up the Articles. In 1571
he was translated to Worcester,
and appointed one of the Com-
missioners for the enforcement
of the Book of Common Prayer.
He died in 1576 and was buried
in the chapel at Worcester
cathedral. On his tomb ap-
pears the following epitaph :

Here born, here bishop, buried here,

A Bullyngham by name and stock,
A man twice married in God's fear,

Chief pastor, late of Lincolne flock,
Whom Oxford trained up in youth,

Whom Cambridge doctor did create,
A painful preacher of the truth,

Who changed this life for happy fate
18 April, 1576.
Dictionary of National Biography t

Queen Mary.
BURDOCK.

A broad-leaved, prickly plant.
Holy Grail.

BURGUNDY.

An old duchy of France.

Harold.
BURLEIGH.

Deeply mourn'd the Lord of Burleigh,
Burleigh-house by Stamford-town.

Lord of Burleigh.

BURLEIGH-HOUSE.

1 Burleigh-house by Stam-
ford-town ' is the county resi-
dence of the marquis of Exeter,
the descendant of the famous
Cecil, lord Burleigh, who was
Secretary of State to queen
Elizabeth. In the Civil War

it was taken by the Parliamen-
tarians.

Lord of Burleigh.

BUTTER-BUMP.

=Bittern, a bird of the heron
family.

Northern Farmer, Old Style.

BUTTERFLY.

The name of an extensive
group of beautiful winged in-
sects.

Adeline ; Talking Oak ;

Queen Mary ; Promise of

May.

BUZZARD.

A rapacious bird of prey of
the falcon family.

Queen Mary.

BUZZARD-CLOCK.

= Cockchafer, a beetle, called
also the May-bug.
Northern Farmer, Old Style.

CADE (Jack).

And Thomas White will prove this Thomas

Wyatt,
And he will prove an Iden to this Cade.

An Irish adventurer, and the
leader of an insurrection in
Kent in the reign of Henry VI
(1450), against the oppressive
taxation of the government.
With a force of 15,000 men
marched on London, and en-
camped at Blackheath ; and
defeating the royal army sent
against him entered London
on July 2, 1450. The citizens
however retaliated and a
struggle took place between
them and Cade on the night of
July 5. As a result terms

CAD] 87

were arranged, and the Kentish
men retired from the city. A
price being set upon Cade's
head, he attempted to reach
the coast, but was pursued by
a Kentish squire named Alex-
ander Iden (q-v-), who fought
and killed him in a garden at
Heathfield in Sussex, for which
service he was knighted.

King Henry. The head of Cade ! — Great
God, how just art thou ! —
O, let me view his visage, being dead.

• » »

King Henry. How art thou call'd ? and

what is thy degree ?
Iden. Alexander Iden, that's my name ;
A poor esquire of Kent, that loves his king.

King Henry. Iden, kneel down.

Rise up a knight.
Shakespeare : 2 King Henry VI.

ActV. Scene i.

On the side of the road oppo-
site the garden where he was
killed stands a monumental
stone bearing the following
inscription :

Near this spot was slain the notorious Rebel

Jack Cade

By Alexander Iden, Sheriff of Kent, a.d. 1450.

His body was carried to London, and his head

fixed on London Bridge.

This is the success of all rebels,

And this fortune chanceth ever to traitors.

Queen Mary.

CADMEAN.

A citadel of Thebes, built by
Cadmus (q.v.), son of Agenor,
king of Phoenicia.

Lucretius.
CADMUS.

In Greek mythology son of
Agenor, king of Phoenicia by
Telephassa or Agriope. Was
ordered by his father to go in
quest of his sister Europa
whom Jupiter carried away,
and he was never to return to
Phoenicia if he did not bring
her back. His search proving

[CAE

fruitless, he consulted the Del-
phic oracle, who ordered him
to build the Cadmean, after-
wards the citadel of Thebes.
Here he killed a dragon which
guarded the well of Ares, and
sowed its teeth which sprang
up as armed men, who imme-
diately fought and slew each
other, except five. For this
act Cadmus made reparation
to Ares for a period of eight
years.

The great God, ArSs, burns in anger still
Against the guiltless heirs of him from Tyre,
Our Cadmus, out of whom thou art, who found
Beside the springs of DircS, smote, and still'd
Thro' all its folds the multitudinous beast
The dragon,

Afterwards he married Her-
mione, the mother of Venus,
and both of them being changed
into serpents by Zeus were
removed to Elysium. Cadmus
was the first to introduce the
alphabet into Greece.

Tiresias.

CAER-ERYRI.

=Snowdon. The latter part
of the word means ' eagle's
nest.'

Or if some other told
How once the wandering forester at dawn,
Far over the blue tarns and hazy seas,
On Caer-Eryri's highest found the King,

Gareth and Lynette.

CAERLEON.

An ancient town in Mon-
mouthshire on the river Usk.
The name Caerleon-upon-Usk
distinguished it from Chester,
which was Caerleon-on-Dee.
This ' City of Legions ' with
its golden domes and magnifi-
cent churches, and its gorgeous
palace, with its giant tower

CAE]

88

[CAL

from whose high crest, they say,
Men saw the goodly hills of Somerset,
And white sails flying on the yellow sea ;

is supposed to have equalled
Rome in splendour. It was one
of the principal residences of
king Arthur, where he lived
in splendid state, surrounded
by his knights, and where he
held his court.

For Arthur on the Whitsuntide before
Held court at old Caerleon upon Usk.

King Arthur's ninth great

battle against the Saxons was

fought here. Roman remains

have been found, as walls, bath,

and an amphitheatre (16 feet

high and 222 by 192 feet) called

king Arthur's Round Table.

Marriage of Geraint ; Ger-

aint and Enid ; Balin and

Balan ; Lancelot and

Elaine ; Merlin and Vivien ;

Pelleas and Ettarre.

CAERLYLE.

The city of Carlisle in Cum-
berland.

Lancelot and Elaine.
CJESAR.

nor tame and tutor with mine eye
That dull cold-blooded Caesar.

Octavian Augustus Caesar,
the adopted son of Julius Caesar.
Dream of Fair Women.

C/ESAR.

And King Leodogran
Groan'd for the Roman legions here again,
And Caesar's eagle :

Coming of Arthur.

<OrESAR.

And sweeter than the bride of Cassivelaun,
Flur, for whose love the Roman Caesar first
Invaded Britain, But we beat him back, t

=Julius Caesar.

Marriage of Geraint.

CJESAR.

Rome of Caesar, Rome of Peter, which was
crueller ?

Locksley Hall Sixty Tears After.
CJESAR.

Now thy Forum roars no longer,
Fallen every purple Caesar's dome —

CJESAR.

To Virgil.

Lightning may shrivel the laurel of Caesar,
but mine would not wither.

Parnassus.

CiESAR.

Of ' Render unto Caesar.' .

Shepherd !
Take this, and render that.

The Good

Harold.

CAIAPHAS-ARUNDEL.

These Pharisees, this Caiaphas-Arundel,
What miracle could turn ?

Has reference to archbishop
Arundel, who examined and
condemned to death sir John
Oldcastle.

Sir John Oldcastle,
Lord Cob ham.
CAIN.

Maud ; Forlorn ; Happy ;
Becket ; Queen Mary.

CALABER (Quintus). See Quin-
tus Calaber.

CALAIS.

A French seaport on the
straits of Dover. It was cap-
tured by Edward III in 1347
after a heroic defence, and re-
mained under the English crown
until the time of Mary (1558),
when it was taken by the duke
of Guise. It was the last town
held by the English on French
soil, and its loss was a blow to
the English nation, queen Mary
declaring that on her death

CAL]

89

[CAM

' Calais ' would be found written
on her heart.

Queen Mary.

CALIPH AT.

The government or empire
of the Caliphs.

Recollections of the Arabian
Nights.
CALIXTUS.

The first pope of Rome ;
elected 219 a.d. and martyred
223 a.d. He is known as the
constructor of the celebrated
catacombs on the Appian Way
at Rome.

Harold.
CALLIOPE.

A daughter of Jupiter and
Mnemosyne, and the first and
noblest of the nine Muses (q.v.).
She is represented as presid-
ing over epic poetry and elo-
quence. Her attributes are a
tablet and stylus ; sometimes a
scroll.

Rather, O ye Gods,
Poet-like, as the great Sicilian called
Calliope to grace his golden verse —

Lucretius.
CALPE.

The rock of Gibraltar, and
one of the pillars of Hercules —
the other being Abyla. It is
supposed these two were origin-
ally one mountain, but Hercules
tore them asunder and the sea
poured between them.

Last with wide arms the solid earth He tears,
Piles rock on rock, no mountain mountain

rears;
Heaves up huge Abyla on Afric's sand,
CrownsTwith him Calpe Europe's salient strand,
Crests with opposing towers the splendid scene,
And pours from urns immense the sea be-
tween,

Darwin : Botanic Garden : Part I. Econ-
omy of Vegetation.

The Poet.

CAMA.

In Hindu mythology the god
of love and marriage, repre-
sented as riding across the sky
on the back of a parrot accom-
panied by the cuckoo and the
humming-bee.

Or over hills with peaky tops engrail'd,
And many a tract of palm and rice,

The throne of Indian Cama slowly s ail'd
A summer fann'd with spice.

Palace of Art.
CAMBALU.

The mediaeval name of Pekin,
the city of the Great Khan.

His eye might there command wherever stood
City of old or modern fame, the seat
Of mightiest empire, from the destined walls
Of Cambalu, seat of Cathaian Can,

Milton : Paradise Lost, xi. 385-388.

Columbus.
CAMBRIDGE.

The capital of Cambridgeshire,
and the seat of one of the Eng-
lish Universities.

Becket.
CAMEL.

A large ruminant quadruped,
much used in Asia and Africa
as a beast of burden, and for
riding. The camel is remark-
able for its ability to go a long
time without drinking.

Merlin and Vivien ; Lover's
Tale.
CAMELEON.

A small lizard famous for
changing its colour.

Queen Mary.

CAMELIARD.

The realm of Leodogran,
father of Guinevere, wife of
king Arthur. Brecknock —
three miles from which town
is a hill known as Arthur's
hill — was considered to have

CAM]

90

marked one of its borders, and
its capital is said to have been
Carohaise, a city as yet undis-
covered.

Leodogran, the King of Cameliard,
Had one fair daughter, and none other child ;
And she was fairest of all flesh on earth,
Guinevere, and in her his one delight.

With the assistance of king
Arthur he cleared his realm of
wild beasts and heathen hordes
that swarmed from overseas,
after which his daughter Guine-
vere became Arthur's queen.

Coming of Arthur.

CAMELOT.

The place where king Arthur
chiefly held his court.

As it fell out on a Pentecost day,

King Arthur at Camelot kept his court
royall,
With his faire queene dame Guenever the gay ;

And manv bold barons sitting in hall ;

With ladies attired in purple and pall;
And heraults in hewkes, hooting on high,
Cryed, Largesse, Largesse, Chevaliers tres-hardie.

Percy's Reliques. King Ryence's Challenge.

Caxton in his preface to
Malory's Morte £ Arthur speaks
of it as if it were in Wales,
probably meaning Caerleon-
upon-Usk, where the Roman
amphitheatre is still called
Arthur's Round Table. The
place referred to by Shake-
speare in his King Lear is
considered to be in Cornwall.

Goose, if I had you upon Sarum plain,
I'd drive ye cackling home to Camelot.
Shakespeare : King Lear, Act II. Scene *'*.

But the Camelot of the
Arthurian romance is supposed
to be the city of Winchester.

Balin's sword was put in a marble stone
standing upright as great as a millstone, and
the stone hoved always above the water,
and did many years, and so by adventure it
swam down the stream to the city of Camelot
that is in English Winchester.

Malory : Morte d' Arthur, Book II. chap. xix.

It is now identified with a

[CAM

village called Camel in Somerset-
shire and the town of Camelford
in Cornwall. In the former
place remains of the entrench-
ments of an ancient town are
still to be seen. The village
still preserves the traditions of
Arthur, ' the bridge over the
river Camel is called Arthur's
Bridge,' and in the neighbour-
hood is a spring known as
'Arthur's Well.' At Camel-
ford there is a grave locally
known as ' King Arthur's
grave,' and in the vicinity is
Slaughter Hill, the reputed
scene of the ' last weird battle
in the west,' where the traitor
Modred was slain, and where
Arthur received his mortal
wound. In Gareth and, Lynette
it is described as :

a city of shadowy palaces
And stately, rich in emblem and the work
Of ancient kings who did their days in stone :
Which Merlin's hand, the Mage at Arthur'*

court,
Knowing all arts, had touch'd, and every-
where
At Arthur's ordinance, tipt with lessening

peak
And pinnacle, and had made it spire to heaven.

And in the centre of the city
was the great hall which Merlin
had built for Arthur

O brother, had you known our mighty hall
Which Merlin built for Arthur long ago !
For all the sacred mount of Camelot,
And all the dim rich city, roof by roof,
Tower after tower, spire beyond spire,

But in the description of the
departure of the three knights
in search of the Holy Grail,
Percivale says :

O brother, had you known our Camelot,
Built by old kings, age after age, so old
The king himself had fears that it would fall,
So strange, and rich, and dim ; for where the

roofs
Totter'd toward each other in the sky
Met foreheads all along the streets of those
Who watch'd us pass ;

CAM]

91

[CAN

And in P die as and Ettarre,
as Pelleas is riding away from
the castle of Ettarre

he saw
High up in heaven the hall that Merlin built,
Blackening against the dead-green stripes of

even,
' Black nest of rats,' he groan'd, ' ye build too

high.'

Lady of Shalott ; Morte
d? Arthur ; Gareth and
Lynette ; Marriage of Ger-
aint ; Balin and Balan ;
Merlin and Vivien ; Lance-
lot and Elaine ; Holy Grail ;
Pelleas and Ettarre ; Last
Tournament ; Guinevere ;
Passing of Arthur ; Merlin
and the Gleam.

CAMILLA. See Julian.

CAMMA.

Wife of Sinnatus (q.v.), after-
wards priestess in the temple
of Artemis.

The Cup.

CAMPANILI.

A genus of plants, bearing
bell-shaped flowers.

The Daisy.

cAmulodune.

The Roman name for the
city of Colchester. Claudius
established a Roman settlement
here to assist in the subjuga-
tion of Caractacus, a war-
like king who lived in South
Wales. During the absence of
the Governor, the Iceni, under
Boadicea (q-v.) captured and
burnt the colony and massacred
the inhabitants, some 70,000
Romans being said to have
perished, but Suetonius Paulinus

on his return from Wales re-
covered possession of the place.
Boadicea.
CANA.

Perhaps, like him of Cana in Holy Writ,
Our Arthur kept his best until the last ;

Refers to the marriage feast
in Cana of Galilee where Christ
was present with His disciples
and performed His miracle of
turning the water into wine.
John ii. i-n.

Holy Grail.

CANADA.

A Welcome to Her High-
ness Marie Alexandrovna,
Duchess of Edinburgh ;
Hands all Round.

CANNING.

Stratford Canning, first vis-
count Stratford de Redcliffe,
the famous ambassador. Was
secretary to the Envoy to Den-
mark in 1807; Constantinople
in 1808, and two years later was
left in charge of the British
Embassy at Constantinople ;
plenipotentiary to Switzerland
1813-20; envoy to the United
States of America 1820-24;
to St. Petersburg 1824, and
again to Constantinople in
1825. M.P. for Salisbury 1828,
and for Stockbridge, 1830;
appointed Envoy to St.
Petersburg 1833, but the
Czar refused to receive
him ; in 1835 declined the
governorship of Canada ; M.P.
for Kings Lynn 1835-41, and
in 1842 appointed ambassador
at Constantinople. Envoy to

CAN]

92

[CAR

Switzerland 1847, and in the
following year returned to Con-
stantinople. In 1852 he was
created viscount Stratford de
Redcliffe, and six years later
resigned his ambassadorship.
He died in 1880. A statue to
his memory was erected in
Westminster Abbey in 1884.
Will Waterproofs Lyrical
Monologue ; I Epitaph on
Lord Stratford, de Redcliffe.

CANOPUS.

A bright star in the rudder
of Argo, a constellation of the
southern hemisphere ; so called
from the old Egyptian city
Canopus, or from an Egyptian
god of that name.

' We drank the Libyan Sun to sleep, and lit
Lamps which out-burn'd Canopus.'

Dream of Fair Women.

CANTERBURY.

Queen Mary ; Harold ; Becket.

CANTERBURY-BELLS.

= Campanula, a plant bearing
bell-shaped flowers.

City Child.

CANTERBURY MINSTER.

Becket.
CAPITOL.

The temple of ancient Rome,
where the senate met. It was
situated on the Mons Capitol-
inus, the smallest but the most
famous of the seven hills on
which Rome is built.

Freedom.
CAPRERA.

A small island in the Buc-
cinari group of the coast of

Sardinia. It was the home of
general Garibaldi, where he
died, and his burial-place.

To Ulysses.
CARADOS.

A king subdued by king
Arthur, fighting on behalf of
Leodogran, king of Cameliard.
Coming of Arthur.

CARAFFA.

John Peter Caraffa, elected
pope of Rome under the title
of Paul IV in 1555, at the age
of eighty.

Queen Mary.
CARAVEL.

the frailer caravel ,
With what was mine, came happily to the

shore.
There was a glimmering of God's hand.

The small, open ship of the
Portuguese was called a caravel.
When Bovadilla (q.v.) started
on his homeward voyage to
Spain, a hurricane burst over
his fleet. Many of the ships
were entirely lost, and others
returned to San Domingo in a
shattered condition. The only
ship of the fleet which pursued
her voyage and ultimately
reached her port of destination
was the frail caravel freighted
with the property of Columbus.
Columbus.

CARBONEK.

A castle, according to legend
built as the resting place of the
Holy Grail in the time of
Alain, grandson of Joseph of
Arimathaea. It was the resi-
dence of king Pelles, whose
daughter Elaine was mother
of sir Galahad.

CAR]

93

[CAS

and looking up,
Behold, the enchanted towers of Carbonek,
A castle like a rock upon a rock,

Holy Grail.

CAREW (Peter). See Peter
Carew.

CARIAN ARTEMISIA.

Daughter of Lygdamis, and
queen of Halicarnassus. She
built in memory of her hus-
band king Mausolus of Caria,
the famous Mausoleum of
Halicarnassus, counted by the
ancients as one of the seven
wonders of the world. With
five ships she joined Xerxes in
his invasion of Greece, and
fought at Salamis, 480 B.C.,
where she displayed such signal
courage and energy, that
Xerxes exclaimed : ' My men
have become women, and my
women men.'

and she
The foundress of the Babylonian wall
The Carian Artemisia strong in war.

The Princess.
CARLOS.

Don Carlos, son of Philip
II of Spain.

Queen Mary.
CAROLINE.

There's Margaret and Mary, there's Kate and

Caroline :
But none so fair as little Alice in all the land

they say,

One of the four little girl
friends of Alice, ' Queen of the

May.'

May Queen.

CARP.

A fresh-water fish.

Marriage of Geraint.

CARRIER-PIGEON.

A domestic pigeon used to

convey messages from a distant
point to its home.

Harold.
CARYATIDS.

In Greek architecture draped
female figures supporting an
entablature in place of a column.
The Princess.
CASCINE.

At Florence too what golden hours,
In those long galleries, were ours ;

What drives about the fresh Cascine,
Or walks in Boboli's ducal bowers.

A park of Florence about two
miles long, bounded by the
rivers Arno and Mugnone. It
affords refreshing walks to the
traveller, and is a fashionable
rendezvous, particularly for
driving.

The Daisy.
CASSANDRA.

A Trojan princess ; the beau-
tiful daughter of Priam and
Hecuba, whom Apollo in return
for her love endowed with the
gift of prophecy. She pre-
dicted to the Trojans the siege
and destruction of their city,
and was shut up in prison as
a madwoman. On the fall
of Troy she became the slave
of Agamemnon, and was mur-
dered along with her master
by his wife Clytemnestra. She
is one of the characters in
Shakespeare's Troilus and
Cressida.

(Enone ; Romney's Remorse.

CASSIA.

A genius of plants of many
species, most of which have
purgative qualities.

Love and Death.

€AS]

94

[CAS

CASSIOPEIA.

Queen of Ethiopia, mother of
Andromeda. For boasting that
her daughter's beauty surpassed
the beauty of the sea-nymphs,
Neptune sent a sea-serpent,
which ravaged the kingdom.
At death she was made a con-
stellation, consisting of thirteen
stars.

Or that starred Ethiop queen that strove
To set her beauty's praise above
The Sea- Nymphs, and their powers offended.
Milton : // Penseroso, 19-21.

The Princess.

CASSIVELAUN.

Cassivelaun, was a king of
Britain at the time when Julius
Caesar invaded the island.
Mwrchan, a Gallic chief, in
league with Caesar seized and
carried away to Gaul, Flur,
Cassivelaun's betrothed, but
Cassivelaun invading Gaul at
the head of 60,000 troops,
gained a complete victory and
rescued his bride.

And sweeter than the bride of Cassivelaun >
Flur, for whose love the Roman Cassar first
Invaded Britain,

On Caesar's second invasion
of the island, Cassivelaun again
vanquished him ; but the
Romans being reinforced by
Androgeus, he was defeated
and agreed to pay tribute to the
amount of 3,000 pounds of
silver annually. Several years
after he died and was buried at
York.

Boddicea ; Marriage of
Geraint.

CASTALIES.

See Castaly.

The Princess.

CASTALY.

A fountain at the foot of
mount Parnassus, sacred to the
Muses ; called after a nymph
who drowned herself in it to
escape Apollo. Its waters in-
spired those who drank thereof
with the gift of poetry.

Becket.
CASTILE— CASTILLE.

A district of Spain, divided
by the mountains of Castile
into old and new Castile.
Anciently inhabited by Celti-
berian tribes, but united to the
crown of Spain in 1469 by the
marriage of Ferdinand and
Isabella.

Columbus ; Queen Mary.

CASTLE PERILOUS.

The home of Lady Lyonors.
There she was held captive by
four knights. Lynette (q-v.)
her sister went to king Arthur
and asked for a knight to fight
to rescue her, and the task was
given to sir Gareth {q-v),
who overcame the knights and
liberated the lady. Malory in
his Morte d? Arthur says that
Gareth married the lady and
his brother Gaheris married
Lynette, but Tennyson says
that Gareth married Lynette,
but makes no mention of lady
Lyonors.

Gareth and Lynette.
CASTRO.

Chaplain to king Philip of
Spain.

Thou knowest I bad my chaplain, Castro

preach
Against these burnings.

Queen Mary.

CAT]

95

[CAT

CAT.

A domestic animal.

The Falcon ; The Owl ;
The Goose; Walking to the
Mail ; The Princess ;
Maui ; Promise of May ;
The Foresters ; Holy Grail ;
Northern Cobbler ; To-
morrow ; Spinster's Sweet-
Arts ; Locksley Hall
Sixty Tears After ; Owd
Rod ; Church-warden and
the Curate.

CATALONIAN MINORITE.

For curbing crimes that scandalised the Cross
By him, the Catalonian Minorite,
Rome's Vicar in our Indies ?

Catalonian = Catalonia, a
Spanish province. Minorite =
a monk. Has reference to Friar
Bernardo Buil, a Benedictine
monk who accompanied Colum-
bus on his second voyage to
America, 1493. He had been
chosen by pope Alexander VI
to be his apostolic vicar in the
West Indies.

Columbus.

CATERPILLAR.

The coloured grub of the
lepidopterous insects, or of
butterflies and moths.

Guinevere.
CATHARINE.

of Aragon (b. 1485), first queen
of Henry VIII, youngest daugh-
ter of Ferdinand and Isabella
of Spain. Married first to
Arthur, eldest son of Henry
VII, in 1 501, but was left a
widow, and in 1509 by a papal
dispensation was married to
her brother-in-law, afterwards

Henry VIII. In 1533, shortly
after Henry's cleavage with
Rome, Cranmer declared the
marriage null and void ; but
the pope pronounced it valid,
1534. Died 1535, and buried
in Peterborough Abbey.

Queen Mary.
CATHAY.

The mediaeval name for Tar-
tary, the capital of which was
Albracca.

the ship
From Ceylon, Inde, or far Cathay, unloads
For him the fragrant produce of each trip ;
Byron : Don Juan, Canto XII . Stanza ix.

Locksley Hall.
CATHERINE.

Daughter of a woman who
chides her because she is con-
templating a marriage, of which
her mother says she is unworthy.

Murder would not veil your sin,

Marriage will not hide it,
Earth and Hell will brand your name,

Wretch you must abide it . . .

She exhorts her to confess to
her lover.

Up, get up, and tell him all,
Tell him you were lying !

Forlorn.
CATIEUCHLANIAN.

An ancient British tribe
whose kingdom embraced the
present counties of Buckingham-
shire, Northamptonshire, and
Middlesex.

Boadicea.
CATO.

M. Porcius Cato, Roman
orator and statesman. He was
known as * the Censor,' to which
office he was appointed in 184
b.c. He was an opponent o
Hellenic fashions, and during
the second Punic war (215
b.c), when Rome was in danger

CAT]

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[CEC

of being captured by Hannibal,
a law — called the Oppian Law
— was passed to restrain the
extravagant dress of the Roman
ladies, but some years after the
women rose in revolt, and were
successful in getting the law
repealed in spite of the opposi-
tion of Cato (234-149, B.C.).

Titanic shapes, they cramm'd
The forum, and half-crush'd among the rest
A dwarf-like Cato cower'd.

The Princess.

CATULLUS.

Considered to be the greatest
of Roman lyric poets. Some
of his poems are inspired by the
love for a beautiful maiden
named Lesbia, a passion that
eventually proved his downfall.
The poem referred to in Edwin
Morris, 79, is by Catullus.

Hendecasyllabics ; Frater
Ave Atque Vale ; Poets and
their Bibliographies.

CAUCASIAN.

but every legend fair
Which the supreme Caucasian mind
Carved out of Nature for itself,

A phrase by which the
race of people who inhabited
the Caucasian mountains was
known.

Palace of Art.
CAUCASIAN.

He never yet had set his daughter forth
Here in the woman-markets of the west,
Where our Caucasians let themselves be sold.

Alludes to the sale of Cau-
casian girls for Turkish harems.
Aylmer's Field.

CAUCASUS.

A mountain range, 900 miles
in length, with an average
height of 12,000 feet, extend-

ing from the Black Sea to the

Caspian.

The Poet ; A Welcome to
Her Royal Highness Marie
Alexandrovna, Duchess of
Edinburgh.

CAUF.

=Calf.

Spinster's Sweet-Arts.
CAVALL.

King Arthur's best hound ;
name of a mountain in Wales,
where tradition says exists a
stone with a footprint of the
dog impressed in it.

And chiefly for the baying of CavaU,
King Arthur's hound of deepest mouth,

Marriage of Geraint.
CECIL.

William, baron Burghley,
queen Elizabeth's chief minister.
Queen Mary.
CECILY.

A Roman virgin of rank, who
embraced Christianity in the
reign of Antoninus, and who is
said to have been visited by
angels. She is the Latin saint
of music, and the reputed in-
ventor of the organ. Suffered
martyrdom about 200 b.c.

Or in a clear-wall'd city on the sea,
Near gilded organ-pipes, her hair

Wound with white roses, slept St. Cecily ;
An angel look'd at her.

Dryden, Pope, Addison and
other English poets have con-
tributed Odes, but the best-
known is Dryden 's (1697).

Orpheus could lead the savage race,
And trees unrooted left their place.

Sequacious of the lyre ;
But bright Cecilia raised the wonder higher :
When to her organ vocal breath was given,.
An angel heard, and straight appeared

Mistaking earth for heaven.

Dryden : A Song for St. Cecilia's Day, 48-54.

Palace of Art.

CED]

97

[CHA

CEDAR.

CEDAR-TREE.

The name of several ever-
green trees.

Recollections of the Arabian
Nights; Gardener's Daugh-
ter ; The Princess ; Milton;
Maud ; Queen Mary.

CELANDINE.

A plant of the poppy family
with yellow leaves.

Progress of Spring.

CELIDON.

A forest, and the scene of
Arthur's seventh victory over
the Saxons. One authority
considers it in Cornwall, an-
other in Lincolnshire, while
another places it on the banks
of the Carron in Upper-
Tweeddale.

then the war
That thunder'd in and out the gloomy skirts
Of Celidon the forest ;

Lancelot and Elaine.
CELTIC DEMOS. See Demos.
CHAMIAN ORACLE.

There in a silent shade of laurel brown
Apart the Chamian Oracle divine
Shelter'd his unapproach'd mysteries :

The temple of Jupiter Am-
nion. Ammon was an Egyptian
god, represented in the shape
of a ram, his chief temple being
in the desert of Libyan, twelve
days' journey from Memphis.
This temple possessed a famous
oracle, said to have had con-
nexion with the oracle at
Dodona, two black doves flying
away from Thebes in Egypt,
one to the temple of Jupiter

Ammon and the other to
Dodona, by which the inhabit-
ants were informed of the
divine mission ; consequently
the Greeks identified Ammon
with their god Zeus and the
Romans with their Jupiter.

Alexander.

CHARING CROSS.

A part of London, the junc-
tion of Whitehall and the
Strand. It derived its name
from the stone cross which
was erected as a memorial to
Eleanor, queen of Edward I.
Queen Mary.

CHARIOTEER.

and the Charioteer
And starry Gemini hang like glorious crowns
Over Orion's grave low down in the west,

The constellation Auriga, situ-
ated midway between the Polar
Star and Orion.

Maud ; Achilles over the
Trench.

CHARLES (the First).

King of England, third son of
James I and Anne, daughter of
the king of Denmark. Created
duke of York and Cornwall on
the accession of his father, and
in 1616, four years after the
death of his elder brother
Henry, created Prince of Wales.
Succeeding his father in 1625
he married Henrietta Maria,
youngest daughter of Henry IV
of France. Became involved
in controversy with Parliament,
particularly regarding the re-
venues rendered necessary by
his extravagant policy, and for
eleven years through his ministers
H

CHA]

98

[CHA

governed without one. Civil
war eventually broke out which
ended in the disastrous battle
of Naseby in 1645. In the
following year he surrendered
himself to the Scots at Newark,
who handed him over to the
English. On January 20, 1649,
he was brought to trial, and
on the 27th of the same month
was condemned, and beheaded
at Whitehall three days later
(1 600-1 649).

Third of February.

CHARLES (the Second).

King of England, second son
of Charles I. Having assisted
his father until after the battle
of Naseby he proceeded with
his mother to the Hague, where
he received the news of his
father's fate. He was pro-
claimed king at Edinburgh on
February 3, 1649, and again
on July 15, 1650, after his
arrival in that country, and
on January I in the following
year was crowned at Scone,
in Perthshire. In August of
the same year he invaded
England at the head of 10,000
troops, but was defeated by
Cromwell at Worcester. Es-
caping, he hid in the branches
of a large oak in Boscobel wood
to avoid his pursuers, who
actually came under the tree
where he was . Wandering from
place to place in disguise he
eventually reached Shoreham,
escaped to France, and hence
to Brussels, where he remained

until the death of Cromwell in
1658. Two years later he was
recalled to the throne, and
arriving in England was re-
received with acclamation. In
1665 he declared war against
Holland and a Dutch fleet sailed
up the Medway and destroyed
several ships. The same year
a great plague swept away a
large number of the inhabitants
of London, and in the following
year a large portion of the city
was destroyed by fire. In 1674
he made peace with Holland,
and his niece, princess Mary,
married William of Orange in
1677 (1630-1685).

Talking Oak.

CHARLES (the Fifth).

Emperor of Germany, son of
Philip of Austria, became in 1516
by right of birth, ruler of Spain,
the Netherlands, Sicily, and
Naples ; and on the death of his
grandfather added Austria to his
dominions. His chief ambition
was the suppression of the
Reformation and the succession
of his son Philip to the imperial
crown, but failing in both,
abdicated in favour of his son,
and retired to the monastery
of St. Yuste, in Estremadura,
where he died, having, not-
withstanding his retirement,
continued to direct the policy
of his son (1500-1558).

Queen Mary.

CHARLES'S WAIN.

The constellation of Ursa
Major, a wagon without a

CHA]

wagoner, an. old English name
for the constellation of the
Great Bear.

May Queen.

CHARLEY.

A dog — a King Charles
spaniel — belonging to Maud.

Look, a horse at the door,

And little King Charley snarling.

Maud.
CHARLIE.

A son of an old woman, who
outlived all her children. See
Harry.

Grandmother.
CHARLIE.

Only son of an old book-
loving village squire. Unlike
his father he did a little hunting
and fishing. His father's estate
was entailed, and being in debt
he asked his son to help him out
of the difficulty, but he refused,
suggesting that the books should
be sold. Charlie however did
not live to enjoy the possession
of the estates, for while out
riding one evening his horse
threw him, and he was killed.
Village Wife.

CHARLOCK.

A plant of the mustard family,
with yellow leaves, that grows
as a weed in cornfields.

Gareth and Lynette.

CHARTIST PIKE.

I once was near him, when his bailiff brought
A Chartist pike.

A weapon used by the revolu-
tionary party known as the
Chartists. During the agita-
tion by the working-classes for
greater political power in 1838

99 [CHI

in a document called the
1 People's Charter ' there were
fears of a secret rising on account
of the petition being refused
by the House of Commons.
Walking to the Mail.

CH ATE LET.

A poet-squire in the suite of
Marshal Damville, who was
executed for intrigue with Mary,
queen of Scots.

Margaret.

CHAUCER (Dan). See Dan
Chaucer.

CHESTNUT.

=a tree.
Miller's Daughter; Lord
of Burleigh ; Progress of
Spring.

CHICHESTER (Bishop of).

Hilary ; elected bishop of
Chichester 1147, and arch-
bishop of York the same year,
but the latter appointment
was not confirmed by the pope.
He urged Becket to accept the
' ancient customs ' included in
the embassy to the pope against
Becket ; and granted absolution
to those bishops whom Becket
had excommunicated (d. 1169).
Becket.
CHIMERA.

In Greek mythology a fire-
eating monster, destroyed by
Bellerophon, having the head
of a Hon, the body of a goat,
and the tail of a dragon. The
word signifies any impossible
monstrosity.

The Princess.

CHI]

100

[CLA

CHINA.

till wanning wth her theme
She fulmined out her scorn of laws Salique
And little-footed China, touch'd on Mahomet
With much contempt, and came to chivalry :

Refers to the custom pre-
valent in China of cramping the
feet of girls from an early age
in tight bandages to keep them
small.

The Princess.

CHRISTCHURCH (Dean of).

our Bishops from their sees
Or fled, they say, or flying — Poinet, Barlow,
Bale, Scory, Coverdale ; besides the Deans
Of Christchurch, Durham, Exeter, and Wells —

Queen Mary.
CHRISTIAN.

More like the picture
Of Christian in my ' Pilgrim's Progress ' here
Bow'd to the dust beneath the burthen of sin.

The hero of Bunyan's Pil-
grim?'s Progress.

Promise of May.

CHRISTOPHER COLON. See
Columbus.

CICALA.

At eve a dry cicala sung,
There came a sound as of the sea ;

An insect with wings. The
male makes a shrill sound by
peculiar organs in the side of
the abdomen.

Mariana in the South.

CLARA VEREdeVERE.

Daughter of an earl, nobly
born, but of a haughty and
proud disposition. The poet
assured her that hers was not a
character to be admired, and
that for all her wealth and name
he would not forsake a simple
maiden with a truer heart. In
the poem appear the well-
known lines :

llowe'er it be, it seems to me,

Tis only noble to be good.
Kind hearts are more than coronets,

And simple faith than Norman blood.

Lady Clare Vere de Vere.

CLARE, LADY.

The supposed child of an
earl, who is afterwards told by
her old nurse that she is not the
lady Clare, as the old earl's
daughter died almost directly
after birth. The nurse tells
her that she is her mother.
The supposed lady Clare hastens
to tell the truth to her lover,
lord Ronald, the real heir to
her lands. This takes place on
the eve of her marriage. Lord
Ronald greatly appreciates her
honesty and frankness.

If you are not the heiress born
And I,' said he, ' the lawful heir,

We two will wed to-morrow morn,
And you shall still be Lady Clare.'

Lady Clare.
CLARENCE.

A lady-in-waiting to queen
Mary.

Queen Mary.

CLARIANCE.

King of Northumberland,
subdued by king Arthur fight-
ing on behalf of Leodogran,
king of Cameliard.

Coming of Arthur.

CLARIBEL.

Claribel lived in a beautiful
bower, where everything was
at peace.

Where Claribel low-lieth
The breezes pause and die,
Letting the rose-leaves fall :

Claribel.
CLAUDIAS.

One of the petty kings over-
come by king Arthur fighting

CLE]

IOI

[COC

on behalf of Leodogran, king of
Cameliard.

Coming of Arthur.
CLELIA.

A Roman virgin who swam
the river Tiber to escape from
Porsina, king of Clusium, whose
hostage she was. Being sent
back by the Romans, Porsina
not only set her at liberty but
allowed her to take with her a
part of the hostages.

The Princess.
CLEMATIS.

A genus of climbing plants.
Golden Tear ; City Child;
The Window ; Voyage of
Maeldune.

CLEOPATRA-LIKE.

Cleopatra-like as of old

To entangle me when we met,

=Cleopatra, queen of Egypt,
distinguished for her beauty and
her charms ; first fascinated
Caesar, and after his death
Mark Antony {q.v). On the
fall and suicide of the latter she
killed herself to escape being
taken to Rome. Maud.

CLIFFORD. See Rosamund,
Rosamund de Clifford.

CLOVER.

A genus of plants, containing
a great number of species.

A Dirge ; City Child.

COBHAM.

Sir John Oldcastle, lord
Cobham ; lollard leader ; first
author and first martyr among
the English nobility. In the
reign of Henry IV he com-
manded an English army in

France, where he compelled
the duke of Orleans to raise
the siege of Paris. Becoming
a convert to Wycliffe's doc-
trines, he was in the reign of
Henry V tried by archbishop
Arundel and other bishops ;
declared to be a heretic, and
sent to the tower, but escaping,
summoned all his followers to
meet him in St. Giles' fields.
The assemblage being attacked
and his followers dispersed, he
fled to Wales, and after hiding
for four years was captured,
conveyed to London, and being
condemned was hanged in chains
and burnt, December 1416.

Sir John Oldcastle,
Lord Cobham.
COBRA.

A hooded and poisonous
snake, a native of the East
Indies. Akbar's Dream.

COCK, THE.

O plump head- waiter at The Cock
To which I most resort,

A Tavern, No. 201, Fleet
Street, near Temple Bar, and
of great antiquity.

Generally he would stay at the Temple
or in Lincoln's Inn Fields ; dining with his
friends at The Cock, and other taverns. A
perfect dinner was a beefsteak, a potato, a
cut of cheese, a pint of port, and afterwards a
pipe (never a cigar).

* » *

' The plump head-waiter of The Cock,'
by Temple Bar, famous for chop and porter,
was rather offended when told of the poem
[Will Waterproof], ' Had Mr. Tennyson
dined oftener there, he would not have minded
it so much,' he said.

Edward Fitzgerald quoted
in Life of Tennyson.

Pepys in his Diary for April
23, 1668, speaks of having been
there :

COC]

102

[COL

Thence by water to the Temple, and there
to the Cock alehouse, and drank, and ate a
lobster, and sang, and mighty merry.

Will Water-proofs Lyrical
Monologue.
COCKATRICE.

A fabulous monster, resem-
bling a serpent.

Holy Grail.
COCO.

= the cocoa-nut tree.

Enoch Arden.
COCO-PALM.

= Cocoa-palm.

Progress of Spring.

COESNON.

A river forming the boundary
between Normandy and Brit -
tany. Harold.

COGOLETTO.

A village in the province of
Genoa, on the coast.

The Daisy.
COLE (Henry).

Fellow of the New College,
Oxford, 1521-40 ; submitted to
the Reformation, and became
prebendary of Salisbury in 1539,
but on Mary's accession joined
the Roman Catholic party ;
was made archdeacon of Ely in

1553, canon of Westminster and
provost of Eton ; and disputed
with Cranmer at Oxford in

1554. He preached at St.
Mary's Church, Oxford, on the
occasion of the martyrdom of
Cranmer in 1556.

Him perch'd up there ? I wish some
thunderbolt
Would make this Cole a cinder, pulpit and all.

Dean of St. Paul's, 1556-9 ;
-vicar-general of the archbishop
of Canterbury, 1557-8 ; sent to

Ireland to extirpate protes-
tantism 1558.

* In 1558,' says Timbs and
Gunn's Abbey, Castles, etc.,
* Dr. Henry Cole, dean of St.
Paul's, was entrusted with the
commission issued by queen
Mary, to institute prosecutions
against such as should refuse
to observe the ceremonies of the
Roman Catholic religion in
Ireland. The doctor stopped
at Chester on his way, and at
the Blue Posts Inn was visited
by the Mayor, to whom, in the
course of conversation, he com-
municated the business upon
which he was engaged ; open-
ing his cloak-bag, he took out
a leather box, observing with
exultation, " he had that within
which would lash the heretics
of Ireland." The hostess acci-
dentally overheard the dis-
course, and having a brother
who was a Protestant, she be-
came alarmed for his safety ;
and with a surprising quickness
of thought, whilst the doctor
was complimenting his worship
down the stairs, to open the
box, take out the commission,
and leave instead a pack of
cards, with the knave of clubs
uppermost. Soon afterwards
the dean sailed for Ireland,
where he arrived on December
7, 1558. Being introduced to
the Lord-Deputy Fitzwalter
and the Privy Council, he ex-
plained the nature of his em-
bassy, and then presented the
box containing, as he thought,

COL]

103

[COL

the commission ; his lordship
took it, and having lifted the
lid, beheld with considerable
surprise the pack of cards, with
the knave on the top. The
doctor was thunderstruck, and
in much confusion affirmed that
a commission he certainly had,
and that some artful person
must have made the exchange.
" Then," said his lordship, " you
have nothing to do but return
to London and get it renewed ;
meanwhile we'll shuffle the
cards." This unwelcome ad-
vice the doctor was constrained
to follow . . . but before he
could reach Ireland a second
time queen Mary died, and
her sanguinary commission be-
came useless. The woman
whose dexterity and presence
of mind had thus providentially
operated, was rewarded by
Elizabeth with a pension of
forty pounds a year.'

In 1559 he was one of the
eight romanist disputants at
Westminster Abbey, and for
contempt was fined 500 marks
and deprived of all his prefer-
ments. In the following year
he was committed to the Tower,
whence he was removed to the
Fleet. His subsequent history
is obscure. Queen Mary.

COLEWORT.

A species of cole, or cabbage.
Guinevere.
COLLANTINE.

A town on the Anio, built
by the people of Alba.

Lucretius.

COLOSSEUM.

Like some old wreck on some indrawing sea,
Gain'd their huge Colosseum.

The great amphitheatre in
Rome standing on the site of
Nero's palace. It was begun
by Vespasian 72 a.d., and
finished by Titus a.d. 82. It
was here the fights of wild
beasts and gladiators went on.
S T elemachus .
COLT.

A young hor

Talking Oak ; Enoch Arden ;
The Brook ; The Princess ;
Coming of Arthur ; Rom-
ne"fs Remorse.

COLUMBUS.

A celebrated Genoese navi-
gator. His life is of little inter-
est till 1470, when he settled
in Lisbon and made voyages
to the Madeira and the Azores.
Thinking it possible to reach
India by sailing westward, he
made an appeal to his native
city but without result ; to
the king of Portugal, to Henry
VII of England, and to the
dukes of Medina Sidonia, and
Medina Celi, who advised him
to lay his proposals before the
Spanish king and queen. After
seven years of delay his pro-
posals were accepted by the
Spanish monarchs, and on
August 3, 1492, his little
squadron of three small ships
set sail on its perilous voyage,
and on October 12 of the same
year landed on the island of
Guanahani, one of the Bahamas,
which he called San Salvador,

COL]

104

[CON

and thence sailed to Cuba
and Hispaniola. On his return
to Spain in 1493 he was wel-
comed with great enthusiasm,
and many honours were con-
ferred upon him, that which he
prized most of all being the
title ' Admiral of the Ocean.'
He sailed on his second voyage
on September 25, 1493, and
discovered Porto Rico and
Jamaica. Returned in 1496 and
set out on his third voyage
which resulted in the discovery
of Trinidad, and the mainland
of South America. His enemies
in Spain, however, did him
much harm, and a new gover-
nor, Francisco Bovadilla (q.v.),
acted with great harshness ; and
in October 1500 Columbus was
placed in irons and sent back
to Spain. This treatment
caused a wave of indignation to
sweep over Spain, and Colum-
bus, on landing, was restored
to favour by Ferdinand and
Isabella.

Chains for the Admiral of the Ocean ! chains
For him who gave a new heaven, a new earth,
As holy John had prophesied of me,
Gave glory and more empire to the kings
Of Spain than all their battles ! chains for

him
Who push'd his prows into the setting sun
And made West East, and sail'd the Dragon's

mouth,
And came upon the Mountain of the World,
And saw the rivers roll from Paradise !

In 1502 he made his fourth
and last voyage and explored
the north coast of the gulf of
Mexico. He returned in 1504,
and worn out in body died
two years later at Valladolid,
in poverty and want. He was
buried at Valladolid, but in

15 1 3 his remains were trans-
lated to Seville, and a monu-
ment erected to his memory in-
scribed : ' To Castile and Leon
Columbus has given a new
world.' In 1513 they were
taken, with those of his son
Diego, and laid in the Cathe-
dral of San Domingo. Two
hundred and fifty years later
the island was ceded to the
French, and they were removed
to the cathedral of Havana in
Cuba. After the Cuban war
the bones were — in 1898 —
brought from Havana to Spain,
kept for a time at Granada,
and finally deposited in 191 2
in the cathedral of Seville
(1435-1506).

The Daisy ; Columbus.

COMO.

A town on the lake of Como
of Italy.

The Daisy.

CONSTANTINUS.

A king of Scotland, who
allied himself with the Danes
under Anlaf against Athelstan.
The allied kings were defeated
at Brunanburh (937 a.d.), by
Athelstan and his brother Ed-
mund. This victory practically
established the unity of Eng-
land.

Battle of Brunanburh.

CONVOLVULUS.

A genus of twining plants,
called also Bindweed.

Enoch Arden ; Voyage of
Maeldune.

CON]

105

[COR

CONY.

=a rabbit.

Enoch Arden.

COOMBERLAND (Cumberland).

Promise of May.
COOT.

A short-tailed water-fowl,
with a white spot on the
forehead. The Brook.

COPHETUA.

An imaginary king of Africa.
Sitting one day at his palace
window he saw a beggar maid
pass, and fell in love with her
and married her. The story
is alluded to in Percy's Reliques,
and in Shakespeare's Love's
Labour's Lost, and Romeo and
Juliet.

The magnanimous and most illustrate king
Cophetua set eye upon the pernicious and
indubitate beggar Zenelophon,

Shakespeare : Love's Labour's Lost,
Act IV . Scene i.
So sweet a face, such angel grace,

In all that land had never been :
Cophetua sware a royal oath :
' This beggar maid shall be my queen ! '

Beggar Maid.
COPTIC.

Peal after peal, the British battle broke,
Lulling the brine against the Coptic sands.

= Egyptian. Buonaparte.

CORINNA.

A Greek poetess, born at
Tanagra in Boeotia. She was
the most eminent of the Greek
lyric poets, but only fragments
of her poems remain. At the
national games she was said to
have obtained a victory over
Pindar, the lyric poet of Greece.
Her name is the title of one of
de Stael's novels :

At the word, they raised
A tent of satin, elaborately wrought
With fair Corinna's triumph ; here she stood,
Engirt with many a florid maiden-cheek,
The woman- conqueror ;

The Princess.

CORITANIAN.

A British tribe who in-
habited the present counties of
Lincolnshire, Derbyshire, Not-
tinghamshire, Leicestershire,
and Northamptonshire.

Boddicea.

CORNELIA.

Wife of Titus Sempronius
Gracchus, and mother of the
Gracchi. She was held in high
esteem by the Romans, who
during her lifetime erected a
statue in her honour with the
inscription : Cornelia, the
mother of the Gracchi.

The Princess.

CORNWALLIS (Sir Thomas).
Eldest son of sir John Corn-
wallis. In 1549, he was sent
into Norfolk to suppress the
rebellion headed by Ket, and
was made sheriff of Norfolk
in 1553. In the following year
he escorted the princess Eliza-
beth to London ; and was one
of the commissioners at the
trial of sir Thomas Wyatt, the
insurrectionary leader. From
1554—7 he was treasurer of
Calais, and it is generally con-
sidered that he sold the town
to the French. In the latter
year he was made Comptroller
of the Household, but on the
accession of Elizabeth was re-
moved from the post, as well
as from the privy council, and
retired into private life. He
died in 1604 (1510-1604).

Queen Mary.

CORJ

1 06

[COV

CORONACH.

An Irish funeral song or
lamentation.

Dying Swan.
CORRIENTES.

A province, Argentine Re-
public, between the Parana
and the Uruguay rivers.

To Ulysses.
COSSACK.

Cossack and Russian
Reel'd from the sabre-stroke,
Shatter'd and sunder'd.

The Cossacks are a warlike

people in south-eastern Russia,

forming splendid light cavalry.

Charge of the Light Brigade.

COURTENAY.

Edward Courtenay, earl of
Devonshire. With his parents
was in 1538, when only twelve
years of age, imprisoned in the
Tower until 1547, when he was
released by Edward VI. On
the accession of Mary he was
created earl of Devonshire, and
at her coronation carried the
Sword of State ; and being
held in high favour by the
queen, was hopeful for her
hand in marriage ; but on
Mary's marriage with Philip of
Spain was urged to propose
marriage to the princess Eliza-
beth. At the end of 1553 a
plot was discovered having for
its object the placing of Eliza-
beth on the throne. Sir
Thomas Wyatt joined in the
conspiracy, but he and his
followers were promptly sup-
pressed and Courtenay was sent
back to the Tower, and subse-
quently removed to Fotherin-

gay. In 1555 he was exiled
and went to Brussels, and thence
to Padua, where he died (1526-
I55^)- Queen Mary.

COURT-GALEN.

Our great court-Galen poised his gilt-head
cane,

Has reference to a celebrated
Greek physician named Clau-
dius Galenus of Pergamos. He
went to Rome where he gained
great renown in the medical
profession, and undertook
scientific journeys through
Greece and Asia. He was a
great writer, being author of
some 300 volumes — 125 of
which were destroyed in a fire
— and his writings, which left
no branch of medicine un-
touched, formed for many cen-
turies the chief text-books for
physicians and doctors. It was
customary for the medical pro-
fession to carry a gilt-headed
cane in his honour.

The Princess.
COVENTRY.

A city in Warwickshire. Ac-
cording to legend it obtained
its municipal rights from Leo-
fric about 1044, by the ride of
Godiva (q.v.) through the streets
of the city.

Godiva.

COVERDALE (Miles).

Bishop of Exeter, and trans-
lator of the Bible. The Great
Bible or Cromwell's Bible (1539)
was printed under his direction
and issued under the auspices
of Thomas Lord Cromwell.
Cranmer's Bible (1540), was also

COW]

edited by Co verdale. Appointed
chaplain to Edward VI in 1548
and bishop of Exeter in 1551.
Upon the accession of Mary he
was deposed from his See and
imprisoned, but released upon
the intercession of the king of
Denmark and retired to Geneva ;
but returned to England after
Elizabeth had ascended the
throne, and subsequently ap-
pointed to the living of St.
Magnus, near London Bridge
(1488-1568).

Queen Mary.
COW.

The female of the bovine
animals.

The Brook ; Northern
Farmer^ Old Style ; Village
Wife ; Promise of May ;
Spinster's Sweet - Arts ;
Locksley Hall Sixty Years
After ; Church-warden and
the Curate ; Queen Mary ;
The Foresters.

COWSLIP.

A species of primrose, having
yellow blossoms.

Adeline ; Rosalind ; May
Queen ; Talking Oak ;
Aylmer's Field ; In the
Children's Hospital.

CRAB.

An animal of the class Crus-
tacea with the whole body
covered by a crust-like shell.

Harold ; The Foresters ;

Walking to the Mail.

CRADLEMONT.

A king of North Wales, sub-
dued by king Arthur, fighting

107 [CRA

on behalf of Leodogran, king
of Cameliard.

Coming of Arthur.

CRAG-CLOISTER.

The monastery of Sumelas,
It stands on the side of a rocky
glen near Trebizond, 4,000 feet
above the level of the sea, and
is approached by a zigzag path
at the side of the cliff. The
foundation is considered to be
some 1,500 years old, and in
1360 it was rebuilt by the
emperor Alexius Comnenus,
The bull of that emperor, which
henceforth became its charter,
is still preserved in the monas-
tery, which also possesses the
firman of Mohammed II, by
which he accorded his protec-
tion to the monks on becoming
ruler of that part of Asia Minor,
To Ulysses.

CRAKE.

A corn-crake, a bird which
frequents grain fields.

In Memoriam.

CRANE.

A large wading bird, with
long legs, neck and bill.

The Princess ; Progress of
Spring

CRANMER.

Archbishop of Canterbury ;
born at Aslacton, Nottingham.
In 1522 he was appointed
vicar of St. Mary's, Taunton.
His opinion of the divorce of
Henry VIII with Catherine
of Aragon recommended him

CRA]

to that monarch, which opinions
he propounded in a treatise. In
1530 he was sent as an embassy
to the pope, and two years later
to the emperor Charles V, and
while in Germany married a
niece of the reformer Osiander.
In 1533 he was created arch-
bishop of Canterbury, and pro-
nounced Henry's marriage with
Catherine as invalid and that
with Anne Boleyn lawful. On
the accession of Mary he was
committed to the Tower, but
subsequently released. A
charge of heresy was however
brought against him and he
was condemned. On the pro-
mise of life he was induced to
sign his abjuration of the Pro-
testant faith. For having com-
mitted this act he was struck
with deep remorse, and when
brought into St. Mary's Church,
Oxford, to read his recantation
in public, instead of complying
he denounced the errors of the
Romish Church. This greatly
enraged his enemies, who, de-
nouncing him as a heretic,
dragged him to the stake oppo-
site Balliol College. When the
faggots were lighted he put his
right hand in the flame and
exclaimed ' This unworthy
hand' (1489-1556).

Queen Mary.

CRAW.

Woa — theer's a craw to pluck wi' tha, Sam :

=crow, to have something
to settle with some one.

Northern Farmer ; New Style.

108

[CRO

CRETE.

or Candia, an island in the
Mediterranean sea.

On a Mourner.
CRICHTON.

His own — I call'd him Crichton, for he seem'd
All-perfect, finish'd to the finger nail.

James Crichton, surnamed
1 the Admirable Crichton ' a
Scottish nobleman. He visited
Paris, Rome and other conti-
nental universities, and at
Venice he challenged all scholars,
claiming to be an expert lin-
guist, as well as an expert
swordsman. He became tutor
to the son of the duke of Man-
tua. He was killed one night
in the street, presumably by a
body of masked men, when only
twenty-three years of age.

Edwin Morris.
CRICKET.

An orthopterous insect. The
male makes a chirping noise by
rubbing his wing-covers against
each other.

Death of the Old Tear ; In
Memoriam ; Merlin and
Vivien ; Lancelot and
Elaine; VoyageofMaeldune.

CROCODILE'S TEARS.

= Affected tears.

A Dirge.
CROCUS.

A bulbous plant with brilliant
yellow or purple flowers.

(Enone ; Palace of Art ;
To Rev. F. D. Maurice ;
Voyage of Maeldune ; Pre-
fatory Sonnet to the l Nine-
teenth Century ' ,• Progress of
Spring.

CRO]

109

[CYR

CROW.

A large black bird.

Audley Court ; Locksley
Hall ; Will Waterproofs
Lyrical Monologue ; Mer-
lin and. Vivien ; The Ring ;
Queen Mary ; The Fores-
ters.

CROWN.

An inn sign.

and she brew'd the best ale in all Glo'ster,
that is to say in her time when she had the
' Crown.'

Becket.
CUCKOO.

A bird whose name is sup-
posed to be called from its note.
It builds no nest of its own, but
lays its eggs in the nests of other
birds to be hatched by them.
Gardener's Daughter ; The
Princess ; The Window ;
Coming of Arthur ; Lover's
Tale ; Prefatory Poem to
my Brother's Sonnets ; To
Mary Boyle ; Progress of
Spring ; Queen Mary.

CUCKOO-FLOWER.

A species of Cardamine, called
also Lady's Smock.

Margaret ; May Queen,

CULVER.

A dove, or wood-pigeon.
Progress of Spring.

CUMBERLAND.

Promise of May.

CUNOBELINE.

=Camulodune {q.v.)

CUPID.

In Roman mythology the
God of love, and the son of
Mercury and Venus ; repre-

sented as a winged boy and
armed with a bow and a quiver
of arrows. In Apuleius' Golden
Ass Cupid and Psyche {q.v) are
the subjects of a beautiful fable
representing the soul of per-
fection.

Edwin Morris ; Talking Oak ;
The Princess ; Becket.

CUSHIE.

Name of a cow.

Spinster's Sweet-Arts.

CYGNET.

A young swan.

Lancelot and Elaine.

CYPRESS.

An evergreen tree, whose
branches used to be used at
funerals and to adorn tombs ,
hence a symbol of mourning and
sadness.

Amphion ; The Princess ;
The Daisy ; In Memoriam ;
Lover's Tale ; Dedicatory
Poem to the Princess Alice ;
Voyage of Maeldune ; Ak-
bar's Dream ; The Cup.

CYRIL.

One of the two friends of
prince Arac. A man of vigor-
ous, healthy common-sense, un-
disturbed by haunting fancies,
unfettered by false modesty,
and as clear-sighted as jovial.
In gaining admission to the
ladies' college he had a very
humorous manner in dealing
with two of the tutors. Psyche
he appeased, by complimenting
her abilities as a lecturer, and
admiring Aglaia, her baby. The

ft

CYP]

1 10

[DAI

lady Blanche he silenced by
appealing to her ambitions.
The Princess.

CYPRUS.

Again this Richard is the lion of Cyprus,
Robin, the lion of Sherwood —

= Richard Cceur de Lion.
When journeying to Jerusalem
on the third Crusade he stayed
some time at this island, and
here he married Berengaria of
Navarre, after having deposed
the ruler of the island.

The Foresters.

CYRUS.

A warlike and blood-thirsty
king who after subduing the
eastern parts of Asia organized
an expedition against the Mas-
sagetae in Scythia. Tomyris
{q.v), queen of the Massagetae,
met and defeated him, and
cutting off his head threw it
into a vessel filled with human
blood, remarking as she did so,
< There, drink thy fill.'

And great bronze valves, emboss'd with

Tomyris
And what she did to Cyprus after fight,

The Princess.
CZAR.

And Jack on his ale-house bench has as many
lies as a Czar ;

Represents the indignation
of the English people with
Russia in 1853 at her destruc-
tion of the independence of
Poland, and its tyrannous de-
mand for the surrender of the
Hungarian refugees.

Maui.

DAFFODIL.

A plant of the genus Nar-

cissus. It has a bulbous root,
and flowers of a yellow hue.

Maud ; Lover's Tale ;
Prefatory Sonnet to the
1 Nineteenth Century.'

DAFFODILLY.

=Daffodil.

DAGONET.

The Princess.

King Arthur's Fool and a
Knight of the Round Table.

And upon a day Sir Dagonet, King Arthur's
fool, came into Cornwall, with two squires
with him,

* * •

For they would not for no good that Sir
Dagonet were hurt, for king Arthur loved
him passing well, and made him knight with
his own hands. And at every tournament he
began to make king Arthur to laugh.

Malory : Morte d' Arthur, Book X. chap. xii.

Tennyson says that he was
made a mock-knight by Gawain.

Dagonet, the fool, whom Gawain in his mood
Had made mock-knight of Arthur's Table

Round,
At Camelot,

Last Tournament.

DAHOMEY.

A French colony on the
Guinea coast of Africa. The
colony represents the former
native kingdom of Dahomey,
where human victims were
offered in sacrifice, but these
were prohibited after the coun-
try was subdued by the French
in 1892.

Head-hunters and boats of Dahomey that
float upon human blood !

The Dawn.

DAISY.

Name of a cow.

Queen Mary.

DAISY.

A common wild-flower.
Two Voices ; Gardener's

DAM]

III

[DAN

Daughter ; The Daisy ;
City Child ; In Memoriam ;
Maud ; Lover's Tale ; The
Wreck; The Ring; The
Throstle ; Queen Mary ;
Promise of May ; The
Foresters.

DAMON.

The polish'd Damon of your pastoral here,
This Dobson of your idyll?

A goat-herd in Virgil's
Eclogues.

Promise of May.
DAN.

DANNY O'ROON.

The lover of a certain Molly
Magee. They agreed to meet
on the morrow at a chapel-
door, but that to-morrow never
came. Years afterwards his
body was found in a peat bog,
perfectly preserved. Molly
recognized the body as that of
her former lover and fell dead
by his side.

Tomorrow.
DANAE.

An Argive princess, daughter
of Acrisius (q.v.), king of Argos.
She was confined in an inacces-
sible tower of brass by her
father, where she was visited
by Jupiter in the form of a
shower of gold, and became the
mother of Perseus. She was
then, with her son, cast into the
sea, but was rescued by a fisher-
man named Dictys, of the
island of Seriphos. Polydectes,
iing of the island, wished her
to marry him, but Perseus
rescued her, and took her back
to Greece.

The included Dana6 has escaped again
Her tower, and her Acrisius — where to seek ?
I have been about the city.

The Princess ; Becket.

DAN AID.

Danaus, king of Argos, had
fifty daughters, called the
Danaids. ^Egyptus, brother
of Belus, king of Egypt, and
his fifty sons drove Danaus and
his fifty daughters from Egypt
into Argos. The sons of
uEgyptus subsequently followed
and compelled Danaus to give
his daughters in marriage. At
their father's command they
all (with one exception), mur-
dered their husbands on their
wedding-night, and were pun-
ished in Hades by having to
pour water everlastingly into
sieves.

Let not your prudence, dearest, drowse, or

prove
The Danaid of a leaky vase,

The heads of the sons of
iEgyptus were buried at Argos ;
but their bodies were left at
Lerna, where they had been
murdered.

The Princess.

DANCE OF DEATH.

An allegorical representation
of the universal power of death,
dating from the fourteenth
century. Frescoes of the Dance
of Death are painted on the
walls of the Campo Santo at
Pisa ; on the walls of the
Tower of London ; the cloister
of St. Paul's ; the Hungerford
Chapel at Salisbury Cathedral ;
and many other churches.
Queen Mary.

St

DAN]

112

[D!

DAN CHAUCER.

Dan Chaucer, the first warbler, whose
sweet breath

Preluded those melodious bursts that fill
The spacious times of great Elizabeth

With sounds that echo still.

Dan is a title of honour com-
monly used by old poets.

Dream of Fair Women.

DANIEL.

Refers to Daniel, a book of
the Old Testament.

Sea Dreams.
DANIEL.

Has reference to Daniel, the
Hebrew Prophet.

Harold.
DANNY.
DANNY O'ROON. See Dan.

Tomorrow.
DAN SMITH.

A farm labourer.

Promise of May.
DANTE.

The most distinguished of the
Italian poets.

Palace of Art.
DANUBE.

The Danube to the Severn gave
The darken'd heart that beat no more ;
They laid him by the pleasant shore,

And in the hearing of the wave.

Let her great Danube rolling fair
Enwind her isles, unmark'd of me :
I have not seen, I will not see

Vienna ;

Arthur Henry Hallam, died
at Vienna on the Danube, and
was buried at Clevedon on the
Severn.

In Memoriam.

DARNLEY BRIDGE.

There is Darnley bridge
It'has more ivy ;

The Brook.
DARNLEY CHASE.

Then crost the common into Damley chase
To show Sir Arthur's deer.

The Brook.

DAUPHIN, THE.

The title of the eldest I
of the king of France, and Ij
to the crown. Since the jj
volution of 1830 the title j
been discontinued. Mi
queen of Scots, was mari
to the dauphin of Francq
1558, who for a year (1559-J
was king Frances II.

Queen Mar<\

DAVID.

King David called the heavens a hide,
See Psalm civ.\

Columbm
DAVID.

They say the gloom of)

Was lightened by young David's harp |

See Samuel xvi. .

Queen M\

DAVID.

To meet him ?

And no Davi<
See Samuel x

Harol

DAWES (Jocky). See Jo
Dawes.

Walking to the Ma.

DEAD INNOCENCE. See Toui
ment of the Dead Innocent

DEAD MARCH.

Hush, the Dead March wails in the p*|

ears :
The dark crowd moves, and there are so

tears :

=a funeral march in Han
Oratorio.

Ode on the death of the i
of Wellint

DEAN.

An ancient royal forest ir
west of Gloucestershire.
Marriage of Geraint ;
leas and Ettar.

IB]

113

[DEN

i; BRITO.

One of the murderers of
Thomas Becket.

Becket.

1; BROC.

; of Saltwood Castle. It was at
;his castle that the four knights
:— murderers of Becket — stayed
'" lpon their arrival in England
:rom Normandy, and from
:hence proceeded to Canter-
bury.

Becket.

.1SE.

The river Dee ; rises in Bala
, lake in Merionethshire and flows

into the Irish Sea. The ancient
,,"Britons considered it to be a

sacred river, its ancient name

Deva meaning divine.

As the south-west that blowing Bala lake
. Fills all the sacred Dee.

Geraint and Enid.
I2ER.

A quadruped of several
species, as the stag, the fallow-
-deer, the reindeer, etc.

Talking Oak ; Sir Launce-
lot and Queen Guinevere ;
The Brook ; Aylmer,s
Field ; The Princess ; The
Victim; Gareth andLynette;
Last Tournament ; Harold ;
Becket ; The Cup ; The
Foresters.

&LIUS.

A surname of Apollo, because
he was born at Delos.

Lucretius.

MORVILLE.

Hugh de Morville, son of
Hugh de Morville, of Burgh-

on-Sands, and one who took
part in the murder of Thomas
Becket. He married Helwis de
Stuteville and thus inherited
the castle of Knaresborough.
There is scant evidence as to
whether he actually struck the
archbishop, as he kept back the
crowd which were pouring into
the cathedral. After the mur-
der he rode with his companions
to Saltwood Castle, and thence
to Knaresborough, where he
sheltered his fellow-murderers,
and finally was sent by the pope
to the Holy Land as a penance,
after which he regained the
royal favour. He died in 1204.
Becket.

DEMOS.

Celtic Demos rose a Demon, '

The mob of France, with
Celtic blood in their veins.

Locksley Hall Sixty Tears
After.

DENIS.

DENIS OF FRANCE.

Bishop of Paris and patron
saint of France. One of the
missionaries sent from Rome in
the third century to convert
the Gauls. By order of the
Roman governor he was tor-
tured and put to death about
270 A.D.

Ay, by St. Denis, now will he flame out,
And lose his head as old St. Denis did.

Becket.

DENMARK.

The King of France is with us ; the King
of Denmark is with us ; the world is with
us — war against Spain !

Queen Mary.

I

L

DER]

114

[DIC

DERWENT.

A river in Derbyshire.

Where lie the Norsemen ? on the Derwent ?

ay
At Stamford-bridge.

Harold.
DESENZANO.

Row us out from Desenzano, to your Sirmione

row !
So they row'd, and there we landed —

A small town at the south-
west angle of the Lago de Garda
in Italy.

Frater Ave Atque Vale.

DE TRACY.

William de Tracy, one of the
murderers of Thomas Becket.
He was the first to approach the
archbishop, and struggled be-
fore the altar with Becket who
dashed him on the pavement.
He is considered to have struck
the first mortal blow which
nearly severed the arm of Ed-
ward Grim — Becket's cross-
bearer — who rushed be-
tween the archbishop and De
Tracy. With his fellow-mur-
derers he rode back to Salt-
wood Castle, and thence to
Knaresborough, the home of
de Morville ; and was the first
of the four to surrender him-
self to the pope ; but the last
to set out for the Holy Land.
He however got no farther than
the isle of Sicily, where he was
taken ill of a foul disease and
died in 1173, praying for for-
giveness. Becket.

DEVILSTOW.

He bad me put her into a nunnery —
Into Godstow, into Hellstow, Devilstow !
The Church ! the Church !
God's eyes !

Becket.

DEVON. See Courtenay, Earl of
Devon.

DEVON (County of).

Marriage of Geraint ; Ger-
aint and Enid ; The Re-
venge ; Queen Mary.

DIAN. See Diana.

The Princess ; The Foresters.

DIANA.

An Italian goddess, the dis-
penser of light, identified with
theGreek goddess Artemis (q.v.).
She was a virgin goddess repre-
sented as presiding over the
open country, armed with a
bent bow and quiver and
attended by gods. The temple
of Diana at Ephesus was one
of the seven wonders of the
world.

but also that the temple of the great goddess
Diana should be despised, and her magnifi-
cence should be destroyed, whom all Asia and
the world worshippeth.

Acts xix. 27.

Literary Squabbles ; The Cup.
DICK.

Thim's my noations, Sammy, wheerby I

means to stick ;
But if thou marries a bad un, I'll leave the

land to Dick. —

Son of a northern farmer, who
was to receive the lands at his
father's death, if his brother
married ' a bad 'un.'

Northern Farmer, New Style.

DICK— DICKY.

Son of a north of England
farmer. When young his life
was saved by their faithful dog
* Owd Roa.'

Owd Rod.
DICKON.

look ye, here's little Dickon, and little Robin,
and little Jenny —

DIC]

US

[DIO

One of a crowd of women and
children collected together on
London Bridge.

Queen Mary.

DICKON.

One of the three pages
attendant on queen Mary.
Queen Mary.
DIDO.

Ilion falling, Rome arising, wars, and filial
faith, and Dido's pyre ;

Daughter of Belus, king of
Tyre. Having put Sichaeus to
death for the sake of his wealth
she fled to Africa and founded
Carthage. Hairbas, king of the
Libyans, made suit for her hand
in marriage, but in order to
escape him she erected a funeral
pyre and stabbed herself in the
presence of her subjects. Ac-
cording to Virgil she fell in love
with iEneas, who fleeing from
Troy, visited Dido at Carthage,
but the gods ordered him to
leave her, and on his doing so
she stabbed herself with a sword
given her by him. When Por-
son, the celebrated Greek
scholar — who boasted he could
rhyme on any subject, was asked
to rhyme upon the three Latin
gerunds, he gave this couplet :

When Dido found Eneas would not come,
She mourned in silence, and was Di-do dum (b).
Brewer : Dictionary of Phrase and Fable.

To Virgil.
DIES ILLA.

DIES TRIE.

let 'em look to it,
Cranmer and Hooper, Ridley and Latimer,
Rogers and Ferrar, for their time is come.
Their hour is hard at hand, their ' dies Ira,'
Their ' dies Ilia,' which will test their sect.

Dies Ilia = That (awful)

day. Dies Ira: = Day of
Wrath ; the name of a famous
mediaeval Latin hymn on the Last
Judgment, the opening lines of
which are :

Dies ira, dies ilia,

Solvet sasclum, in favilla

Teste David cum sybilla.

The day of wrath, that dreadful day

Shall all the world in ashes lay,

As David and the sybils say.

The hymn is supposed to
have been written by Thomas
de Celano, a Franciscan friar
of the thirteenth century.
Macaulay's version of the lines

On that great, that awful day,
This vain world shall pass away,
Thus the sibyl sang of old.

Queen Mary.

DIET.

Yet while they rode together down the plain.
Their talk was all of training, terms of art,
Diet and seeling, jesses, leash and lure.

Has reference to the feeding
of hawks, which was an import-
ant matter in their manage-
ment.

Merlin and Vivien.

DIM SAESNEG.

The Shepherd, when I speak,
Failing a sudden eyelid with his hard
' Dim Saesneg ' passes, wroth at things of old —

Two Welsh words meaning
* no Saxon ' and ' no English.'
Sir John Oldcastle,
Lord Cobham.
DIOTIMA.

A Mantineia priestess, the
teacher of Socrates. Socrates
was put to death by poison in
399 b.c. on a charge of teaching
atheistic and immoral doctrines.
The usual method of inflicting
the death penalty in Athens at
that period was by a decoction
of the hemlock.

DIR]

116

[DOR

beneath an emerald plane
Sits Diotima, teaching him that died
Of hemlock ;

The Princess.

DIRCE.

Wife of Lycus,king of Thebes,
who for her ill-treatment of
Antiope, her divorced pre-
decessor, was by Antiope's two
sons — Amphion (y-^-) and
Zethus — tied to the tail of a
wild bull, which dragged her
about, until the gods, pitying
her sufferings, changed her into
a fountain, which bore her name
ever after.

Tiresias.

DIVES.

When Dives loathed the times, and paced
his land

In fear of worse,
And sanguine Lazarus felt a vacant hand

Fill with his purse.

The name given to the rich
man in the parable of the Rich
Man and Lazarus. Luke xvi.
To Mary Boyle.

DOBBINS (Dobson).

Promise of May.

DOBSON.

A farmer, in love with Dora,
daughter of farmer Steer.

Promise of May.

DOE.

The female of the fallow-
deer.

The Foresters ; Lady Clare.

DON.

' We be all good English men.
Let us bang these dogs of Seville, the children

of the devil,
For I never turn'd my back upon Don or

devil yet.'

A Spanish title.

The Revenge.

DON CARLOS. See Carlos.
DONOVAN'S WAKE.

An' he ped me back wid the best he could
give at ould Donovan's wake —

A wake is a festival held on
the anniversary of a patron
saint, especially in Ireland.

Tomorrow.

DOON (Bonny). See Bonny Doon.

DOORM.

A russet-bearded earl who
tried to make Enid his mistress ;
and because she would not con-
sent smote her on the cheek ;
whereupon her husband, Sir
Geraint, cut off his head with
one stroke of his sword.

Take my salute,' unknightly with flat hand,
However lightly, smote her on the cheek.
Then Enid,

» * *

Sent forth a sudden sharp and bitter cry,
* « *

This heard Geraint, and grasping at his sword,
(It lay beside him in the hollow shield),
Made but a single bound, and with a sweep of

it
Shore thro' the swarthy neck, and like a ball
The russet-bearded head roll'd on the floor.

Geraint and Enid.

DORA.

A niece of farmer Allan.

Dora.

DORA.
DORA STEER.

Daughter of farmer Steer,
and sister of Eva {q.v.)

Promise of May.

DORMOUSE.

A rodent, so-called because
they are usually torpid in
winter. It is allied to the
mouse, and resembles the
squirrel in habits.

The Window.

DOR]

117

[DUB

DORSET— DORSETSHIRE

(County of).

First Quarrel.

DOVE.

A pigeon.

Supposed Confessions of a
Second-rate Sensitive Mind ;
Miller' 's Daughter ; Gar-
dener's Daughter's Walk-
ing to the Mail ; Locksley
Hall ; Lucretius ; The
Princess ; The Window ;
In Memoriam ; Maud ; To
E. Fitzgerald ; Progress of
Spring ; Harold ; Becket.

DOVER.

A seaport in Kent.
Queen Mary ; Harold ;

Becket.

DRAGON.

Inn sign.

Slip-shod waiter, lank and sour,
At the Dragon on the heath !

Let us have a quiet hour,
Let us hob-and-nob with Death.

Vision of Sin.

DRAGON-FLY.

An insect of the family
lihellula.

Two Voices ; Marriage of
Geraint ; Lover's Tale.

DRAGON OF THE GREAT PEN-
DRAGONSHIP.

And while he spake to these his helm was

lower'd,
To which for crest the golden dragon clung
Of Britain ; so she did not see the face,
Which then was an angel's, but she saw,
Wet with the mists and smitten by the lights,
The Dragon of the great Pendragonship
Blaze, making all the night a steam of fire.

The crest of Arthur's helmet,
nser describes it thus :

Spe

His haughtie Helmet, horrid all with god,
Both glorious brightnesse and great terrour

bredd :
For all the crest a Dragon did enfold

With greedie pawes, and over all did spredd
His golden winges : his dreadfull hideous hedd
Close couched on the bever, seemed to throw
From flaming mouth bright sparckles fiery

redd,
That suddeine horrour to faint hartes did

show ;
And scaly tayle was stretcht adowne his back

full low.

Spenser : Faerie Queene, Book I. Canto vii.

Guinevere.
DRAGON'S MOUTH.

And made West East, and sail'd the Dragon's
mouth,

The passage between the
island of Trinidad and the
peninsula of Paria, South
America. In the rainy months
of July and August the impetu-
ous body of water which flows
through the gulf of Paria
renders the entrance and exit
extremely dangerous to naviga-
tion.

Columbus.

DRUID.

A priest among the ancient
Celtic nations, particularly of
Gaul and Britain.

Boadicea.

DRUIDESS.

A prophetess, or a female
Druid.

Boadicea.

DRYAD-LIKE.

And when my marriage morn may fall,

She, Dryad-like, shall wear
Alternate leaf and acorn-ball

In wreath about her hair.

In Greek mythology the
Dryads were nymphs who were
supposed to dwell in the forests.
Talking Oak.

DUBRIC,

or Dubritius, archbishop of
Caerleon-upon-Usk ; the ' City
of Legions,' and primate of

DUD]

118

[EAG

Britain. Geoffrey of Mon-
mouth says :

He was primate of Britain, was so eminent
for his piety, that he could cure any sick per-
son by his prayers.

Tennyson calls him ' Dubric
the high saint,' and he is men-
tioned on the occasion of the
marriage of king Arthur and
Guinevere ; and also as having
set the crown on the head of
Arthur at Caerleon-upon-Usk.

To whom arrived, by Dubric the high saint,
Chief of the Church in Britain, and before
The stateliest of her altar-shrines, the King
That morn was married,

Coming of Arthur.
And all that week was old Caerleon gay,
For by the hands of Dubric, the high saint,
They twain were wedded with all ceremony.
Marriage of Geraint.

Coming of Arthur ; Mar-
riage of Geraint ; Geraint
and Enid.

DUDLEY (Guildford). See Guild-
ford Dudley.

DUGLAS.

The scene of four Arthurian
battles. The Duglas is said to
be the river Douglas in Lan-
cashire which falls into the
estuary of the Ribble. Other
authorities consider it is a
stream in Lennox, which falls
into Loch Lomond.

And in the four loud battles by the shore
Of Duglas ;

Lancelot and Elaine.

DUMBLE.

Name of a cow.

Queen Mary.

DUNSTAN.

Archbishop of Canterbury,
born at Glastonbury in 924.
In 945 he was made abbot of
Glastonbury by king Edmund,

and soon made the monastery
famous as a seat of learning.
King Edgar created him bishop
of Worcester, and afterwards
bishop of London. In 959,
consequent on the death of
Edwy, Edgar became king of
the whole of England and he
made Dunstan archbishop of
Canterbury. He died in 958
and was afterwards canonized.
Harold.
DURHAM (Dean of).

Queen Mary.

DWARF-ELM.

An elm which is much below
the ordinary size of its species-
or kind.

Pelleas and Ettarre.

DYFLEN.

=Dublin.

Shaping their way toward Dyflen again,
Shamed in their souls.

Battle of Brunanburh.

EAGLE.

A rapacious bird of the genus
Falco.

Palace of Art ; Golden
Year ; Godiva ; The Prin-
cess ; Ode on the Death
of the Duke of Wellington ;
Boddicea ; In Memoriam ;
Coming of Arthur ; Gareth
and Lynette ; Merlin and
Vivien ; Last Tournament ?
Montenegro ; Battle of
Brunanburh ; The Wreck;
Opening of the Indian and.
Colonial Exhibition.

EAGLE-OWL.

A genus of large owls.

Gareth and Lynette.

EDE]

II9

[EDI

EDEN.

Two Voices ; Gardener's
Daughter ; Locksley Hall ;
Day-Dream ; Enoch Ar-
den ; The Princess ; The
Islet ; Milton ; In Me-
moriam ; Maud ; Geraint
and Enid ; Lover's Tale ;
Happy ; The Foresters.

EDEN-ISLES.

The Philippine islands.

To Ulysses.

EDGAR (the Atheling).

A Saxon prince, and grand-
son of Edmund Ironside ; was
proclaimed king of England
after the death of Harold at
the battle of Senlac, but was
kept out of the throne by the
Conqueror. He made two un-
successful attempts to over-
throw William, and compelled
to leave the country took refuge
with Malcolm, king of Scotland,
who married Edgar's sister
Margaret. Embracing the
cause of Robert, duke of Nor-
mandy against Rufus, he was
driven from Scotland and went
with Baldwin II, to the Cru-
sades ; was finally taken prisoner
in 1 106 when fighting for duke
Robert against his brother
Henry I. He died in obscurity.
Harold.

EDGAR (afterwards Mr. Harold).
See Eva. Promise of May.

EDITH.

Eadgyth Swanneshals (Edith
of the Swan's neck) ; ward of
king Edward the Confessor, and

afterwards the mistress of king
Harold. After the battle of
Senlac she went in search of the
body of Harold and found it
underneath a heap of slain.
Harold.

EDITH. See Alymer.

Aylmer's Field.

EDITH.

Wife of the impetuous boy
lover mentioned in Locksley
Hall. Years brought recon-
ciliation to him, and a stronger,
deeper and more reasonable
love for Edith.

She with all the charm of woman, she with all

the breadth of man,
Strong in will and rich in wisdom, Edith, yet

so lowly-sweet,
Woman in her inmost heart, and woman to

her tender feet.'

Locksley Hall Sixty Tears
After.

EDITH.

One of two sisters — the other
being Evelyn — both of whom
were loved by the same man,
who eventually married Evelyn,
Edith being bridesmaid. Dur-
ing the wedding ceremony she
was pale and statuelike, and
spoke no word at parting. Her
grief at her sister's marriage
with her former lover, was so
great that she died soon after-
wards.

Sisters {Evelyn and Edith).

EDITH.

EDITH MONTFORT.

Betrothed to Ralph who took
part in the tournament, and
earned great praise from his
king. At the conclusion of the

EDM]

1 20

[EDW

tournament Edith crowned
Ralph

and flush'd as red
As poppies when she crown'd it.

The Tourney.

EDMUND.

Brother of Lawrence Aylmer.
On account of ill health he went
to the warm climate of Italy,
but the journey was taken when
it was too late to save his life.
Poetry and not money-making
was what he cared for :

One whom the strong sons of the world despise ;
For lucky rhymes to him were scrip and share,
And mellow metres more than cent for cent ;

* * *

' Poor lad, he died at Florence, quite worn out,
Travelling to Naples.'

The Brook.

EDMUND ATHELING.

King of the Mercians and
West Saxons, son of Edward
the Elder ; was present at the
battle of Brunanburh in 937,
where he and his brother Athel-
stan (q.v.) gained a decisive
victory over Anlaf the Dane,
Constantine of Scotland and
the Northumbrian Danes ; suc-
ceeded his brother in 941. On
May 26, 946, an outlaw named
Leof slipped into the banquet -
ing-hall of Edmund, who was
celebrating the festival of St.
Augustine at Pucklechurch in
Gloucester. The king endea-
voured to remove him, where-
upon the outlaw stabbed him
with a dagger (922-946).

Battle of Brunanburh.

EDMUND IRONSIDE. See Eng-
lish Ironside.

EDMUND (Saint).

King of the East Angles.
Son of king Alkmund of Saxony,
he was adopted by Offa, king
of the East Angles as his heir,
and succeeded 855. In 870,
during the Danish invasion, he
was defeated at Hoxne, and,
being captured by the Danes was
beheaded on refusing to re-
nounce Christianity. He was
buried at Hoxne, but his re-
mains were afterwards trans-
lated to Bury St. Edmunds.
He was subsequently canonized
(841-870).

Harold.

EDWARD (the Confessor).

King of England and the elder
son of Ethelred the Unready ;
born at Islip, Oxfordshire ;
married Edith, daughter of the
great earl Godwin, and suc-
ceeded to the throne in 1042.
The greater part of his life was
spent in Normandy. He was
a pious and peaceful man, but
a feeble monarch. He died in
1066 and was buried in West-
minster Abbey. In 1161 he
was canonized by Alexander
III ( 1 004-1 066).

Harold.

EDWARD (the Elder).

King of the Anglo-Saxons
(921-925). He was the eldest
son and successor of Alfred the
Great, and most of his reign
was spent in war with the Danes,
regaining from them the greater
portion of central England.
Battle of Brunanburh.

EDW]

121

[EDW

EDWARD (the First).

Surnamed Longshanks, king
of England, eldest son of Henry
III, born at Westminster in
1239, ascended the throne in
1272, married Eleanor of
Castile. He came first into
prominence in the war with
the Barons, whom he defeated
at Evesham ; joined the last
Crusade in 1270, and distin-
guished himself at Acre ; re-
turned to England in 1274 to
assume the crown, having been
two years previously pro-
claimed king. Under his reign
Wales was finally subdued and
annexed to England, and during
the latter part of his reign was
largely engaged in Scottish
affairs, winning the battle of
Falkirk in 1298, and seven years
later captured and executed
Wallace. Some years previ-
ously Edward had, along with
queen Eleanor, visited Glaston-
bury and taken away as relics
the skulls of king Arthur and
queen Guinevere, which had
been found buried in Glaston-
bury Abbey. He died in 1307
at Burgh-on-sands while lead-
ing an army against Robert
Bruce.

Queen Mary.

EDWARD (the Third).

King of England, born at
Windsor 1312, son of Edward
II whom he succeeded in
1327. During his boyhood the
government was carried on by
regency. In ^328 the inde-

pendence of Scotland was recog-
nized, but the principal event
of his reign was the beginning
of the Hundred Years' War with
France. In 1340 Edward de-
feated the French fleet at
Sluys, one of the earliest vic-
tories of English arms at sea ;
on August 26, 1346, he routed
the French forces at Cre?y ;
and in October of the same
year queen Philippa defeated
the Scots — who had invaded
England — at Neville's Cross.
In 1347 Edward captured
Calais, but the ravages of the
black death in the succeeding
year stopped hostilities for a
time. In 1355 the war was
resumed, and in the following
year the Black Prince won a
brilliant victory at Poitiers.
By the peace of Bretigny in
1 360 Calais, Ponthieu, Gas cony
and the greater part of the
duchy of Aquitaine were added
to the English crown. War
broke out again in 1369, but it
proved disastrous to England,
involving as it did the with-
drawal of Edward's claim to the
French crown. The Black
Prince died in 1376, and twelve
months later Edward died,
having reigned fifty years. It
was during this reign that the
Lords and Commons first sat
in different chambers and the
Order of the Garter insti-
tuted.

On the Jubilee of Queen
Victoria.

EDW]

122

[EDW

EDWARD (the Fourth).

King of England, son of
Richard, duke of York, born
1442. He succeeded the Lan-
castrian Henry VI in 1461,
whom he defeated at Towton.
The chief event of his reign
was the War of the Roses, the
Yorkists gaining victories at
Hedgeley Moor, Hexham, Bar-
net and Tewkesbury. During
his reign Caxton introduced
the printing press. He died in
1483.

Queen Mary.

EDWARD (the Sixth).

King of England, son of
Henry VIII and Jane Seymour,
born 1537. Being only nine
years old at his succession, the
government was carried on by
regency under the earl of Hert-
ford and later the duke of
Somerset. His reign was
marked by a victory over the
Scots at Pinkie in 1547, and
in 1549 the first Prayer Book
of Edward VI was issued. In
the same year Somerset was
deposed from the protectorate,
and Warwick, who in 1551 had
become duke of Northumber-
land became supreme, and had
Somerset executed in January
1552. In the same year the
second Prayer Book of Edward
VI — which was of a more re-
formed type than the first —
was issued, as well as the forty-
two articles embodying the
doctrines of the Church. By
the advice of Northumberland

he left the crown to lady Jane
Grey. He died in 1553, having
reigned only six years.

Queen Mary.
EDWARD.

Christian name.

Locksley Hall Sixty Tears
After.
EDWARD BULL.

A curate friend of Edwin
Morris, who was spending a
holiday by a lake.

Edwin Morris.

EDWARD GRAY.

The lover of Ellen Adair,
who on account of her shyness ,
which he mistook for coldness y
left her, and went across the
sea. On his return he found
she had pined and died. He
reproached himself for his treat-
ment of her, and

will love no more, no more ,
Till Ellen Adair come back to me.

Edward, Gray.

EDWARD HEAD.

The subject of a conversation
between two men walking to
the mail. He left his country
house and went abroad, vex'd
with a melancholy that pos-
sessed him like an evil spirit.

' sick of home went overseas for change.'

Walking to the Mail.

EDWIN.

The absent lover of one of
two sisters, who had gone on a
voyage to

' those islands of the Blest !

While he was away her father
planned a marriage which to

EDW]

123

[EGL

her was loathsome, and in order
to avoid it, the two sisters
decided to fly away together.

O would I were in Edwin's arms — once more

— to feel his breath,
Upon my cheek — on Edwin's ship, with

Edwin, ev'n in death,

The Flight.

EDWIN.

Earl of Mercia, son of Alfgar,
whom he succeeded in 1062 ;
joined his brother Morcar in his
revolt against earl Tostig, and
was defeated by the Norsemen,
under Hardrada at Fulford
Gate, near York, September 20,
1066. After the battle of Sen-
lac he opposed the Conqueror,
and made his last stand in
person on the banks of the river
Weaver, near Nantwich, but
being defeated, surrendered,
made submission to William
and was pardoned. In 1071
he joined the insurrection in
the Isle of Ely under Hereward
the Wake, and met his death on
his way to the * Camp of
Refuge.'

Harold.

EDWIN.

EDWIN MORRIS.

A man skilled in botany and
geology, a poet, and with
various other accomplishments.

he seem'd
All-perfect, finish'd to the finger nail.

He made the friendship of a
man who had intended to spend
a holiday by the lake, but being
disappointed in his love affair,

left Edwin, nor have seen
Him since, nor heard of her, nor cared to hear.

Edwin Morris.

EDYRN.

Son of Nudd, and nephew of
earl Yniol. He was a mali-
cious man, and was called the

1 sparrow-hawk.'

And toppling over all antagonism

Had earn'd himself the name of sparrow-hawk

He ousted his uncle from
his earldom and attempted to
win his daughter Enid, but
was unsuccessful. Being over-
thrown in a tournament by sir
Geraint, he was compelled to
restore the earldom to Yniol,
after which he was sent to the
court of Arthur, and became
a reformed character.

Marriage of Geraint ;
Geraint and Enid.

EFFIE.

Sister to the ' Queen of the
May ' (q.v.).

Little Effie shall go with me to-morrow to the

green,
And you'll be there, too, mother, to see me

made the Queen ;

May Queen.

EGBERT.

These old pheasant-lords,
These partridge-breeders of a thousand years,
Who had mildew'd in their thousands, doing

nothing
Since Egbert — why, the greater their disgrace !

Has reference to Egbert, king
of the West Saxons.

liner's Field.

Ayh

EGLANTINE.

A name given to the sweet-
brier, and some other species of
rose. Milton seems to have
applied the name to some
twining plant —

Through the sweet-briar or the vine,
Or the twisted eglantine.

Milton: V Allegro, 47~48.

The Window ; Lover's Tale.

EGL]

124

[ELE

EGLATERE.

= Eglantine.

A Dirge.

EGYPT.

Dream of Fair Women ;
The Princess ; To Pro-
fessor J ebb ; Becket ; The
Cup ; Promise of May ;
Columbus.

ELAINE.

The 'lily maid of Astolat,'
daughter of king Pelles, and
mother of Galahad, son of
Lancelot ; a lady at the court
of king Arthur in love with
Lancelot, whose shield she had
in her charge.

Elaine the fair, Elaine the loveable,
Elaine, the lily maid of Astolat,
High in her chamber up a tower to the east
Guarded the sacred shield of Lancelot :

When Lancelot claimed the
shield and bid the damsel good-
bye she confessed her love for
him ; but being told by Sir
Lancelot that his love was
another's, she pined and died.
According to her dying request
her dead body was placed on a
bed in a barge, with a letter
in her right hand, and, thus
conveyed to the palace of king
Arthur. The letter, telling of
her love for Lancelot was
handed to the king who ordered
her story to be blazoned on her
tomb.

And while my body is hot, let this letter
be put in my right hand, and my hand bound
fast with the letter until that I be cold and
let me be put in a fair bed . . . and so let
my bed ... be laid with me in a chariot
unto the next place where Thames is, and
there let me be put within a barget,

Malory: Morte a" 'Arthur, Book XVIII.
chap. xix.

When the barget arrived

before the king, he took the
latter and brake it and made
a clerk to read it : this being
the substance of the letter :

Most noble knight, Sir Launcelot, now
hath death made us two at debate for your
love ; I was your lover, that men called the
fair maiden of Astolat ; therefore unto all
ladies I make my moan ; yet pray for my
soul, and bury me at the least and offer ye
my mass-penny. This is my last request.
And a clean maiden I died, I take God to
witness. Pray for my soul, Sir Launcelot,
as thou art peerless.

Malory : Morte a" Arthur, Book XVIII.
chap. xx.

Lancelot and Elaine.

ELBURZ.

A mountain range in North
Persia, south of the Caspian.
A Welcome to Her Royal
Highness Marie Alexandrov-
na, Duchess of Edinburgh.

ELEANOR.

of Aquitaine, daughter of duke
William X of Aquitaine ;
married Louis VII of France,
1 1 37, divorced 1152, and in the
following year married Henry,
count of Anjou and duke of
Normandy, afterwards Henry
II of England. Became jealous
of Henry on account of his
paramour the ' fair Rosamund,'
whom she poisoned. For ex-
citing her sons to rebel against
their father she was imprisoned
for sixteen years, released on
the accession of Richard I, and
in his absence in the Holy Land
was made regent. She died a
nun in the Abbey of Fonte-
vrault in 1204.

Dream of Fair Women ;
Becket.

eleAnore.

Eleanore.

ELE]

125

[ELL

ELEUSIS.

A town in ancient Attica,
north-west of Athens. It pos-
sessed a famous temple for the
worship of Demeter, and was
the scene of an annual festival
lasting nine days held in honour
of Demeter and Persephone.
The Greek Archaeological
Society a few years ago dis-
covered the remains of some of
its famous buildings.

Demeter and Persephone.

ELF.

A supernatural being, much
like a fairy, supposed to haunt
hills and wild places.

Every elf and fairy sprite,
Hop as light as bird from brier ;
Shakespeare : Midsummer-Night's Dream,
Act V. Scene »'.

The Foresters.
ELISABETTA.

Nurse to count Federigo
degli Alberighi.

The Falcon.

ELIZABETH.

Queen of England, and only
child of Henry VIII and Anne
Boleyn, born at Greenwich,
1533. She was educated in the
Protestant religion, and in the
reign of Mary was sent to the
Tower, afterwards to Wood-
stock, where she was kept till
1555, being then taken to the
royal palace at Hatfield. On
the death of Mary in 1558 she
was proclaimed queen, and four
years later refused the offer of
Philip II of Spain (husband
of Mary) of marriage. In
1 561 Mary, queen of the Scots,
claimed to be Mary's suc-

cessor, but being defeated at
Langside, fled to England and
was confined by Elizabeth in
Tutbury castle, and on the
charge of conspiracy was be-
headed. Pope Pius V in 1570
issued a bull excommunicating
the queen, an act which was
immediately answered by the
enactment of penal statutes
against the Roman Catholics.
The chief event of her reign
occurred in 1588, when Philip
of Spain sent against England
his Armada, to which the
pope had given the appellation
of Invincible — which was de-
feated by Drake and Hawkins.
She died in 1603.

Dream of Fair Women ;

The Princess ; Queen Mary,

ELIZABETH (Aunt).

■ To the Abbey : there is Aunt Elizabeth
And sister Lilia with the rest.'

Aunt to Walter, son of sir
Walter Vivian, who lived at
Maidstone Park. At the time
of speaking, Elizabeth with
others, was spending the day
at the house of sir Walter
Vivian, where a festival was-
being held.

The Princess.

ELLEN.

An Isle of Wight girl, who
told the story of her unhappy
life to a sympathetic doctor.
When quite young she was the
sweetheart of a boy of the same
village. When the boy —
Harry — was grown up, a farmer
relative sent for him to work,
on his farm. He said good-bye

ELL]

126

[ELY

to Ellen, went to Dorsetshire,
and while there got into trouble
with another girl. He returned,
and on Christmas Day married
Ellen. Work was, however, scant
in the Isle, so Harry crossed
the Solent in search of em-
ployment. In waiting for his
return Ellen set to righting
the house, and found a letter
written to Harry by the Dorset-
shire girl. On his return she
refused to be reassured by his
assurances of his love and trust.
He left her, and she refused
to say good-bye. He wrote
to say he had work in Jersey
but in crossing, the boat went
down and he was drowned.

First Quarrel.

ELLEN.

ELLEN ADAIR.

A maiden in love, much
against the will of her parents,
with a certain Edward Gray,
who mistook her quiet and
reserved manner for coldness
and pride. Being angry with
her he fled over the sea.

Shy she was, and I thought her cold ;
Thought her proud, and fled over the sea ;

During his absence she pined
and died. On his return he
saw his folly, but it was now too
late.

Love may come, and love may go,
And fly, like a bird, from tree to tree ;

But I will love no more, no more,
Till Ellen Adair come back to me.

Where her body is buried, there
lies his heart also.

There lies the body of Ellen Adair !
And there the heart of Edward Gray!

Edward, Gray.

ELLEN.

ELLEN AUBREY.

The subject of a song sung by
Everard Hall, at the con-
clusion of a picnic, in reply to
that sung by his friend, Francis
Hale. Everard found the song
in a book of songs, but sub-
stituted familiar names— of
which Ellen Aubrey was one —
in place of the original ones.

I found it in a volume, all of songs,
* * *

I set the words, and added names I knew.

Audley Court.
ELM.
ELM-TREE.

A tree of the genus Ulmus.
Ode to Memory ; Gar-
dener's Daughter ; Am-
phion ; The Princess ; In
Memoriam ; Balin and
Balan ; Lover's Tale ; The
Ring ; To Ulysses ; To
Mary Boyle ; May Queen ;
Sir Launcelot and Queen
Guinevere.

ELSINORE.

A seaport on the island of
Zeeland in Denmark ; and the
scene of Shakespeare's Hamlet.
Buonaparte.

ELY (Bishop of). See Thirlby.

ELY (City of).

Harold.
ELYSIAN.

= Elysium, the Greek heaven.
There is a description of the
place in the Odyssey.

Lotos-Eaters ; The Princess.

ELYSIUM.

The land of the blest, where

EMI]

127

[ENG

the souls of the righteous passed
without dying. The place is
considered to be the Canary
Islands.

De-meter and Persephone.

EMILIA.

Sister of Ellen Aubrey, both
of whom are mentioned in a
song sung by Everard Hall, at
a picnic held at Audley Court.
Francis Hale, friend of the poet,
sang a song, and Everard re-
plied with one the opening
lines of which were —

' Sleep, Ellen Aubrey, sleep, and dream
of me :
Sleep, Ellen, folded in thy sister's arm,
And sleeping, haply dream her arm is mine.

Sleep, Ellen, folded in Emilia's arm ; '

Audley Court.

EMMA MORELAND.

\ Met Edward Gray on his re-
turn to his native country, and
asked him,

' Are you married yet, Edward Gray ? '

to which he replied, weeping,

' Sweet Emma Moreland, love no more
Can touch the heart of Edward Gray.

He related to her the sad death
of Ellen Adair, and told her that
love will never again touch his
heart, as it is buried with Ellen
Adair.

Edward Gray.
EMMIE.

j A little girl who died in the

ward of a children's hospital,

after undergoing an operation.

In the Children's Hospital.

EMPEROR-MOTH.

One of the several large and
beautiful moths, the prevailing
colours being dark grey, brown
and reddish yellow.

The Princess.

EMRYS (Aurelius). See Aurelius.

'ENEMIES.

Anemones.
Northern Farmery Old Style.

ENGLAND.

Talking Oak ; Amphion ;
Enoch Arden ; Ode on the
death of the Duke of Wel-
lington ; Third of Febru-
ary ; A Welcome to Her
Royal Highness Marie Alex-
androvnay Duchess of Edin-
burgh ; The Daisy ; On
Translations of Homer; Mil-
ton ; In Memoriam ; Dedi-
cation of Idylls ; To the
Queen, II ; Dedicatory
Poem to the Princess Alice ;
Defence of Luc know ; Col-
umbus ; To Victor Hugo ;
Locksley Hall Sixty Tears
After ; Prologue to General
Hamley ; Epitaph on Lord
Stratford de Redclifjfe ;
Hands all Round ; The
Fleet ; To Professor J ebb ;
Kapiolani ; Queen Mary ;
Harold ; Becket ; The
Foresters.

ENGLISH GARTER.

and round his knee, misplaced,
Our English Garter, studded with great

emeralds,
Rubies, I know not what.

The Order of the Garter, an
order of Knighthood instituted
in 1344, by Edward III ; it is
the highest order of Knight-
hood, and is designated K.G.
Queen Mary.

ENGLISH IRONSIDE.

Edmund the Second, com-
monly known as Ironside on

ENI]

128

[ENN

account of his bravery, son of
Ethelred the Unready and
half-brother to the Confessor.
Elected king in 10 16, but only
London acknowledged him, the
rest of England accepting the
rule of Canute the Dane, who
was chosen king at Southamp-
ton. A fierce struggle there-
fore raged between him and
Canute, and Edmund defeated
the Danes at Pen in Somerset-
shire, at Sherborne, and at
Otford. He was however de-
feated at Assandun, where ' all
the flower of the English race
perished ' and an arrangement
was entered into at Olney, an
island in the Severn, by which
the kingdom was divided, Ed-
mund receiving Wessex, East
Anglia, Essex and London ; and
Canute Mercia and Northum-
bria ; and it was further agreed
that on the death of either the
survivor was to succeed him.
A few weeks after this agree-
ment Edmund was assassinated
at Oxford by two of his
chamberlains (981-1016).

Or Athelstan, or English Ironside

Who fought with Knut, or Knut who coming

Dane
Died English.

Harold.

ENID.

Daughter of earl Yniol and
the wife of sir Geraint, a Knight
of the Round Table, who had
delivered the earl from the
tyranny of his nephew Edyrn.
When Guinevere's infidelity was
spread about the court of
Arthur, Geraint, in order to

save Enid from the taint, left
the court and removed to his
mansion in Devonshire. Over-
hearing the latter part of a
sentence uttered by her, Ger-
aint charged her with unfaith-
fulness, and bade his wife to
wear her meanest apparel.

And thou, put on thy worst and meanest

dress,
And ride with me.' And Enid ask'd, amazed,
' If Enid errs, let Enid learn her fault.'

Being wounded in battle
Enid nursed him with such
devotion that he saw he had
misjudged her. Full of repent-
ance he expressed his mistake
and they became reconciled,
and ' crown'd a happy life with
a fair death.'

nor did he doubt her more
But rested in her fealty, till he crown'd
A happy life with a fair death, and fell
Against the heathen of the Northern Sea
In battle, fighting for the blameless King.

At the court of Arthur she
was called ' Enid the fair,' but
the people called her ' Enid the
good.' The representation of
purity, she was loved by queen
Guinevere and was the most
beautiful lady at Arthur's court
next after the queen.

Marriage of Geraint ; Ger-
aint and Enid ; Guinevere.

ENNA.

A city of Sicily, remarkable
for its fertile soil and numerous
springs. In ancient times it
possessed a famous temple of
Demeter and another of Pro-
serpine. Proserpine was carried
off by Pluto while gathering
flowers in the plain.

she moved,
Like Proserpine in Enna, gathering flowers ;

ENO]

129

[ENO

Edwin Morris ;
and Persephone,
f ess or J ebb.

Demeter
To Pro-

ENOCH.

ENOCH ARDEN.

The hero of Enoch Arden.
He was a ' rough sailor's lad.'
At first he was successful,
prospered in his fishing, became
an able seaman on board a
merchantman, and before he
attained the age of twenty-one
purchased his own boat and
married Anne Lee, ' the prettiest
little damsel in the port.' All
things continued to go well
until he fell from a mast and
broke a limb, and the master
of the ship he had served in
hearing of his misfortune offered
to take him as boatswain, to
which Enoch consented. When
the day of his departure arrived
he kissed his wife and his two
elder children, but the youngest,
asleep in the cot, he would not
waken, but took away with him
a little curl from the baby's
head.

Enoch rose,
Cast bis strong arms about bis drooping wife ,
And kiss'd bis wonder-stricken little ones ;
But for the third, the sickly one, who slept
After a night of feverous wakefulness,
When Annie would have raised him Enoch

said,
' Wake him not : let him sleep ; how should

the child
Remember this ? ' and kiss'd him in his cot.
But Annie from her baby's forehead dipt
A tiny curl, and gave it : this he kept
Thro' all his future ;

During his absence his wife
had no success, and had it not
been for Philip Ray would have
sunk into poverty. Ten years
passed away, and nothing having

been heard of Enoch, Philip
offered to marry her, and she
became his wife. In the mean-
time, Enoch had on his home-
ward voyage been wrecked on a
desert island. During his soli-
tary life on the island, the sights
and sounds of his home passed
continually through his mind,
until at length a ship took him
off and he returned to England.
Arriving at the little port he
reached his old home,

But finding neither light nor murmur there
(A bill of sale gleam'd thro' the drizzle) crept
Still downward thinking ' dead or dead to
me ! '

Going to the village tavern he
found that during his absence
the landlord had passed away,
but his widow, Miriam Lane,
still held the house and here he
rested. So completely had he
changed that he lived at the
tavern without being identified,
and learned from Miriam Lane
the story of his house.

Told him, with other annals of the port,
Not knowing — Enoch was so brown, so bow'd,
So broken — all the story of his house.
His baby's death, her growing poverty,
How Philip put her little ones to school,
And kept them in it, his long wooing her,
Her slow consent and marriage,

But Enoch longed to see his
wife again, and in the darkness
went to Philip's house, and
through the window saw his
wife and children in comfort on
Philip's hearth. Creeping from
the garden he fell upon the
earth and prayed for strength
not to tell her, never to let her
know. But he did not live
long. Finding death dawning
upon him he called for Miriam
Lane, and under promise on

EPH]

130

[ERO

the Bible not to divulge until
after death, told her who he
was, and taking from his pocket
the dead child's curl bade her to
give it to Annie in order that
she might know that it was really
he, and to tell her that he died
blessing her and her children
and Philip. Three days after-
wards he passed away, and in
gratitude to this devoted soul
was, by the villagers, accorded
a rich funeral.

Then the third night after this,
While Enoch slumber'd motionless and pale,
And Miriam watch'd and dozed at intervals,
There came so loud a calling of the sea,
That all the houses in the haven rang.
He woke, he rose, he spread his arms abroad
Crying with a loud voice, ' A sail ! a sail !
I am saved : ' and so fell back and spoke no

more.
So past the strong heroic soul away,
And when they buried him the little port
Had seldom seen a costlier funeral.

Enoch Arden.

EPHESIAN ARTEMIS.

Artemis, Artemis, hear her,
Ephesian Artemis !

= Diana of the Ephesians.
Her magnificent temple at
Ephesus was burnt to the ground
by Herostratos, in the same
night in which Alexander the
great was born (b.c. 356). It
was rebuilt by contributions
from all the Ionian cities, and
was regarded as one of the
seven wonders of the world.
This ' Ephesian Artemis ' was
apparently an ancient Asiatic
deity whose worship the Greeks
found in Ionia. Its image is
stated to have fallen down from
Jupiter (Acts, chap. xix. verse
35), the lord of Heaven.

The Cup.

EPHESUS.

I have had a vision
The seven sleepers in the cave at Ephesus
Have turn'd from right to left.

Has reference to the seven
Christian youths of Ephesus,
who, in order to escape from the
persecution of the Christians
under Decius took refuge in a
cave near that city. Being
discovered, great stones were
rolled against the entrance to
the cave in order that they might
die of hunger. They however
fell into a supernatural sleep,
and some 200 years afterwards,
in the reign of Theodosius, they
were discovered. One of the
seven was sent to the city to
purchase provisions, but was
arrested for offering a coin of
the time of Decius and brought
before the authorities ; but
leading his accusers to the
cavern where his six companions
were found, was liberated. The
seven sleepers is a favourite
subject in early mediaeval art.
Harold.

ERIN.

The Celtic name for Ireland.
Coming of Arthur.

ERNE (Miriam). See Miriam,
Miriam Erne.

ERNE (Muriel). See Muriel
Erne.

EROSES.

But a bevy of Eroses apple-cheek'd,
In a shallop of crystal ivory-beak'd,
With a satin sail of a ruby glow.

=gods.

The Islet.

ESA]

I3I

[ETT

ESAlAS.

Word of God
In English : over this the brainless loons
That cannot spell Esaias from St. Paul,
Make themselves drunk and mad, fly out

and flare
Into rebellions.

= Isaiah.

Queen Mary.
ESAU.

And from a heart as rough as Esau's hand,
He answer'd, ' Ride you naked thro' the town,
And I repeal it ; '

See Genesis xxvii. 23.

Go diva.
ESH.
ESHTREE.

= Ash-tree.

Northern Farmer, New Style ;
Promise of May.
ESHCOL.

over which there roll'd
To meet me long-arm'd vines with grapes
Of Eshcol hugeness.

The name signifies a bunch
of grapes. See Numbers xiii.
23-24.

To E. Fitzgerald.
ESSEX.

Why, Madam, she was passing
Some chapel down in Essex, and with her
Lady Anne Wharton, and the Lady Anne
Bow'd to the Pyx ;

Queen Mary.
ESTHER.

A Jewish maiden, the niece
of Mordecai, a Jewish resident
at the court of Ahasuerus.
Was chosen as queen in place
of Vashti, who had refused to
obey the king's command.
Esther.

Marriage of Geraint.

ETHELRED (the Second).

Called the 'Unready'; king of
Saxon England, son of Edgar and
Elfrida ; succeeded his half-
brother Edmund the Martyr
in 979. During his reign the
Danes invaded England, and

Ethelred defeated them at
Watchet in Somersetshire and
at Maldon, but his unmanly
spirit submitted to pay a tribute
to the Danes by a tax levied on
his subjects known as the ' Dane-
geld.' In 1002 during the time
of peace he ordered a general
massacre of all the Danes in
England, and Sweyn, king of
Denmark, entered his kingdom
and he fled to Normandy.
Sweyn dying soon afterwards
Ethelred returned and in 1014
he defeated Cnut, but in the
following year Cnut renewed
his attack, ravaged Mercia and
Wessex, and was preparing to
march on London when Ethel-
red died April 23, 1016.

Harold.

ETTARRE.

A lady loved by sir Pelleas,
but being so proud she scorned
him, and said she would never
return his love even if he died
for her. But Pelleas promised
to follow her from place to place,
and never to leave her until she
returned his love ; but she sent
her knights to fight with him
and treated him very shame-
fully.

Thereon her wrath became a hate ; and once,

A week beyond, while walking on the walls

With her three knights, she pointed down-
ward, ' Look,

He haunts me — I cannot breathe — besieges
me:

Down! strike him! put my hate into your
strokes,

And drive him from my walls.* And down
they went,

And Pelleas overthrew them one by one ;

And from the tower above him cried Ettarre,

' Bind him, and bring him in.'

Sir Gawain then promised to
advocate his cause with the

EUR]

132

lady, but she played him false,
for sir Pelleas coming to the
pavilion outside Ettarre's castle
found them caressing each
other.

Then was he ware of three pavilions rear'd
Above the bushes, gilden-peakt : in one,
Red after revel, droned her lurdane knights
Slumbering, and their three squires across

their feet :
In one, their malice on the placid lip
Froz'n by sweet sleep, four of her damsels lay ;
And in the third, the circlet of the jousts
Bound on her brow, were Gawain and Ettarre.

The Damosel of the Lake then
came to Pelleas and bade him
come forth with her in the
country, and ' she rejoiced sir
Pelleas, and they lived together
during their life days' and the
lady Ettarre died from sorrow.
Pelleas and Ettarre.
EUROPA.

A beautiful maiden, daughter
of Agenor, king of Phoenicia.
While gathering flowers she
was carried off to Crete by
Zeus, disguised as a white bull.

Or sweet Europa's mantle flew unclasp'd,
From off her shoulder backward borne :

From one hand droop'd a crocus : one hand
grasp'd
The mild bull's golden horn.

She was worshipped in Crete
under the name of Hellotis,
and a festival called Hellotia
was held in her honour, at
which her bones were carried
surrounded by wreaths of
myrtle.

Palace of Art.

EUROPE.

Locksley Hall ; Ode on the
death of the Duke of Wel-
lington ; Third of February ;
To Rev. F. D. Maurice ;
Defence of Lucknow ; Locks-
ley Hall Sixty Tears After ;

Queen Mary ;
The Foresters.

[EVA
Becket ;

EUSTACE.

An artist — a very muscular
and well-made person.

My Eustace might have sat for Hercules ;
So muscular he spread, so broad of breast.

Along with an artist friend they
went to see the gardener's
daughter. Eustace painted
Juliet, fell in love with her, and
after a year had passed married
her.

Gardener's Daughter.
EVA. X

Daughter of farmer Steer,
and sister of Dora Steer. Under
a promise of marriage, she was
seduced by Philip Edgar, a
wealthy gentleman. She ran
away, leaving a letter to the
effect that she would drown
herself. At the news of her
disgrace the old father worked
himself into a fury which
subsided into paralysis. After
many years' absence Edgar re-
turned under the name of
Harold, but on account of his
beard passed unrecognized.
Dobson, a farmer who was
himself in love with Dora
Steer, suspected him, but Edgar
showed him a newspaper cut-
ting of his father's death, which
he easily passed off as his own.
Edgar made love to Dora, who
was easily won, when news
arrived that a lady had been
run over in a neighbouring
lane. The injured lady, who
was nursed by Dora, was none
other than Eva, who yearned

EVA]

133

[EXC

for her father's forgiveness, but
the old man was too troubled
with his disease to understand.
Edgar and Eva eventually met,
and Dora learned who her lover
really was. At the sight of the
meeting Eva fell dead, and
over her sister's dead body
Dora cursed the man, who
hoped by marrying her to make
amends for Eva's seduction.
Promise of May.

EVANGEL.

=The Gospels.

Heaven-sweet Evangel, ever- living word,
Who whilome speaking to the South in Greek
About the soft Mediterranean shores,

Sir John Oldcastle,
Lord Cobbatn.

EVANGELIST.

Behold a man raised up by Christ !

The rest remaineth unreveal'd ;

He told it not ; or something seal'd
The lips of that Evangelist.

= St. John.

In Memoriam.
EVE.

Day-Dream ; Maud ; Becket.

EVELYN.

One of two sisters — the other
being Edith. She married her
sister's former lover, but was
quite unconscious of the fact,
which was only made known to
her after her sister's death.
The news caused some estrange-
ment between husband and wife.
During the second year of her
married life she died.
Sisters. (Evelyn and Edith)

EVERARD.
EVERARD HALL.

A poet. While at college he

wrote an epic about king Arthur,
but thinking that

nothing new was said, or else
Something so said 'twas nothing —

destroyed it. His college friend,
Francis Allen inquired later as
to what had become of it. He
replied that considering it of
small value he had destroyed it.

' these twelve books of mine
Were faint Homeric echoes, nothing-worth,
Mere chaff and draff, much better burnt.'

Francis had however, rescued

the eleventh book from the

hearth, and forthwith produced

it

* But 1;

Said Francis, ' pick'd the eleventh from this

hearth
And have it ; keep a thing, its use will come.
I hoard it as a sugar-plum for Holmes.'

The Epic ; Morte d? Arthur.

EVERGREEN.

A plant that remains green
all the year, as the laurel and
the ivy.

Enoch Arden ; Spiteful
Letter ; Gareth and Lynette.
EWE.
EWE-LAMB.

A female sheep.

The Princess ; Becket.

EXCALIBUR.

King Arthur's magic sword.
It meant cut-steel and would
cut through iron or steel ; in
poetic language, it is called
a sword as its blade flashed like
fire. It was given to Arthur
by the Lady of the Lake, and
she was nine years in the shaping
of it, sitting in the deeps upon
the hidden bases of the hills.

Arthur and his enchanter Merlin rode one
day by a broad lake, and afar out in the midst
of the lake an arm clad in white samite rose
from out of the water and held up a fair
sword. Then came the Lady of the Lake
moving upon the water. ' Enter into yonder

EXC]

54

[FAL

barge,' she said, ' and row to the tword and
take it and the scabbard.'

Tappan : Heroes of the Middle Ages.

It was so bright in his enemies'
eyes, that it gave light equal
to thirty torches. Tennyson
in his Coming of Arthur de-
scribed it :

' There likewise I beheld Excalibur
Before him at his crowning borne, the sword
That rose from out the bosom of the lake,
And Arthur row'd across and took it — rich
With jewels, elfin, Urim, en the hilt,
Bewildering heart and eye — the blade so

bright
That men are blinded by it —

It was by this sword that
Arthur overcame his enemies
in battle. After receiving his
wound in the last weird battle
in the west, king Arthur com-
manded sir Bedivere to take the
sword and.return it to the Lady
of the Lake.

But now delay not : take Excalibur,
And fling him far into the middle mere :
Watch what thou seest, and lightly bring me
word.'

Twice did sir Bedivere go to
the pool and twice did his heart
fail him, for instead of flinging
the brand into the water he hid
it. Returning to the dying
king and being questioned as
to what he had seen, replied :

' I heard the ripple washing in the reeds,
And the wild water lapping on the crag.'

but the king detecting the
knight's deception threateningly
commanded him to fulfil his
task, whereupon the knight
went to the lake, and seizing
the sword threw it into the
water.

But ere he dipt the surface, rose an arm
Clothed in white samite, mystic, wonderful,
And caught him by the hilt, and brandish'd

him
Three times, and drew him under in the

mere.

Morte a" Arthur ; Coming

of Arthur ; Gareth and
Lynette ; Holy Grail ;
Last Tournament ; Passing
of Arthur.

EXETER (Dean of).

Queen Mary.

EYE.

A Castle.

My lord, the King demands three hundred
marks,
Due from his castles of Berkhamstead and

Eye
When thou whereof wast warden.

Becket.

FAIR-HANDS.

According to Malory, a nick-
name given by sir Kay to
sir Gareth when he was a
kitchen-scullion at the court
of king Arthur.

And since he hath no name, I shall give him
a name that shall be Beaumains, that is Fair-
hands.
Malory : Morte d' Arthur, Book VII. chap i.

Tennyson in his Gareth and
Lynette makes sir Kay address
sir Lancelot whilst referring to
sir Gareth :

fair and fine, forsooth !
Sir Fine-face, Sir Fair-hands ? but see thou

to it
That thine own fineness, Lancelot, some fine

day
Undo thee not — and leave my man to me.'

Gareth and Lynette.

FALCON.

A bird of prey formerly
trained to the pursuit of game.
Marriage of Geraint ; Mer-
lin and Vivien ; Lancelot
and Elaine ; Happy ; The
Falcon ; Harold.

FALCON, THE.

Name of a ship.

For a huge sea smote every soul from the
decks of The Falcon but one.

The Wrtck.

FAN]

135

[FER

FANNY.

The name of a song.

Fanny be the naame i' the song, but I

swopt it fur she.

Promise of May.

FATHER PHILIP.

=Philip Ray.

Enoch Arden.

FAUN.

The symbol of a drunkard.

Arise and fly
The reeling Faun, the sensual feast ;
Move upward, working out the beast,
And let the ape and tiger die.

Lucretius ; In Memoriam.

FAUNUS.

In Roman mythology the
grandson of Saturn, and the god
of fields and shepherds. Upon
the introduction of Greek
mythology Faunus was identi-
fied with Pan the protector of
flocks and herds. Two festi-
vals were held annually in his
honour in the temple on the
island in the Tiber, when the
peasants brought their simple
offerings.

' But who was be, that in the garden snared
Picus and Faunus, rustic Gods J

Lucretius.

FEDERIGO.

FEDERIGO DEGLI ALBERIGHI.

An impoverished nobleman,
in love with a wealthy widow,
the lady Giovanna. She had a
rival — his favourite falcon — for
which the count had a strange
affection, the bird at times being
as dear to him as his mistress.
The son of the lady Giovanna
fell sick, and yearned for the
count's falcon. The lady paid

a visit to the count at the lun-
cheon hour, with the object
of begging the bird from him ;
but the scanty provision of the
larder being insufficient for
the meal, the count ordered
his foster-brother Filippo to
kill the falcon and have it
cooked for the lady. When
the lunch was spread she could
not eat on account of her anxiety
for her request ; but when she
learned that her lover had
killed his favourite bird in
order to entertain her, she con-
fessed her love for him, and
happiness ensued.

The Falcon.

FERDINAND.

the fifth of Aragon, second of
Aragon and Sicily, and third of
Naples, born at Sos in Aragon ;
married Isabella of Castile,
sister of Henry IV, a step by
which these ancient kingdoms
were united. It was during
his reign that Columbus sailed
from Spain on his voyages of
discovery, Ferdinand granting
him three ships for the purpose.
Columbus.

FERIA.

A Spanish count who came
to England with Philip II as
one of his ministers. Married
in 1558 to Jane Dormer, second
daughter of sir William Dormer.
He was a bigoted Catholic, and
an enemy of Elizabeth, and
notwithstanding his apparently
friendly speeches, urged Philip
to an armed interference in

FER]

136

[FIR

England. In a letter full of
friendliness Philip announced
to Elizabeth that Feria's ser-
vices were required in Flanders,
and accordingly he left England.
He died in August 1571.

Queen Mary.
FERN.

The popular name of the
order of cryptogamic plants
called Filices.

Edwin Morris ; Talking
Oak ; Enoch Arden ; The
Brook ; The Princess ;
Marriage of Geraint ;
Pelleas and Ettarre ; Last
Tournament ; Sisters

(Evelyn and Edith) ;
Harold.

FERRAR (Robert E.)

Bishop of St. David's. Was
an Augustinian Canon and
monk of St. Mary's Priory, Ox-
ford ; became a convert to
the reformed religion, but was
compelled to recant ; created
bishop of St. David's by Ed-
ward VI; deprived 1554, an(^
being charged by Gardiner
with having violated his mon-
astic vow was burnt to death,

1555-

let 'em look to it
Cranmer and Hooper, Ridley and Latimer,
Rogers and Ferrar, for their time is come
Their hour is hard at hand, their ' dies Irae,
Their ' dies Ilia,' which will test their sect .

Queen Mary.

FIGTREE.

A small tree, with lobed,
rough and deciduous leaves,
cultivated in warm climates for
the sake of its fruit.

The Princess.

FILIPPO.

Foster - brother to count
Federigo degli Alberighi.

The Falcon.

FINE-FACE.

According to Tennyson sir
Kay was addressing sir Lance-
lot, but referring to sir Gareth,
who was a kitchen -scullion at
the palace of king Arthur.

fair and fine, forsooth !
Sir Fine-face, Sir Fair-hands ? but see thou

to it
That thine own fineness, Lancelot, some fine

day
Undo thee not — and leave my man to me.'

Gareth and Lynette.
FINN.

And we wallow'd in beds of lilies, and chanted
the triumph of Finn,

According to tradition an
Irish leader of the third century,
and the son of Cumall the hero
of the Ossianic tales. After
his defeat in County Meath he
escaped, but was slain soon
afterwards at Athbrea. Other
authorities say he did not die
but passed to the blessed land.
In this, as in many other re-
spects, he resembled the British
king Arthur.

Voyage of Maeldune.

FIR.

The name of several species
of cone-bearing trees, some of
them valued for their timber
and others for their resin.

Gareth and Lynette ; Lover's
Tale.

FIRE-FLY.

A name applied to many

phosphorescent insects, some

giving forth a steady light,

FIS]

137

[FLO

others flashing light intermit-
tently.

Locksley Hall ; The Princess.

FISHER (JOHN).

Bishop of Rochester, born at
Beverley ; was distinguished at
Cambridge and became chap-
lain to the mother of Henry
VIII who had him appointed
first lady Margaret professor
of divinity in 1503. In the
following year he was elected
Chancellor of the University
and bishop of Rochester ; fined
for denying the validity of the
divorce of Catherine of Aragon,
1534; and in the same year
was with sir Thomas More
sent to the Tower for refusing
to swear to the Act of Suprem-
acy ; deprived and beheaded
by order of the king, 1535. He
was beatified in 1886.

Queen Mary.

FITZ.

Edward Fitzgerald, English
poet and translator, and a friend
of Tennyson ; first met at the
home of James Spedding, in the
Lake District. Upon his death
in 1883, Tennyson wrote the
following lines :

Gone into darkness, that full light

Of friendship, past, in sleep, away
By night, into the deeper night !

The deeper night ? A clearer day
Than our poor twilight dawn on earth —

If night, what barren toil to be !
What life, so maim'd by night, were worth

Our living out ? Not mine to be
Remembering all the golden hours

Now silent, and so many dead,
And him the last.

Life of Tennyson.

Some years later his widow
wrote to the poet thanking him
for dedicating Tiresias to the

memory of her late husband.
To E. Fitzgerald.

FITZURSE. See Reginald, Regi-
nald Fitzurse.
FLAG-FLOWER.

=the Iris ; an original of the
fleur-de-lys in the arms of
France.

Miller's Daughter.

FLANDERS.

A former name of a country
of Europe extending along the
North Sea from the Straits of
Dover to the river Scheldt.

Queen Mary ; Harold.
FLEA.

An insect remarkable for its
great agility.

Merlin and Vivien; Queen
Mary.

FLEECE, THE.

Name of an Inn.

' The Bull, the Fleece are cramm'd, and not
a room
For love or money.

Audley Court.

FLEUR-DE-LYS.

The flower of the lily. A
bearing in the French Arms
of the house of Bourbon, repre-
sented by three lilies, as em-
blematic of royalty.

Sir John Oldcastle,
Lord Cobham.
FLORA.

A famous portrait by Titian,
the famous Italian painter,
and representation in Roman
mythology of the goddess of
Flowers and the Spring.

' will you climb the top"of Art,
You cannot fail but work in hues to dim
The Titianic Flora.

Gardener's Daughter.

FLO]

138

[FOM

FLORA.

The lady Flora, to whom is
related by a young man deeply
in love with her, the familiar
fairy tale of the Sleeping Beauty.
At the time she was working in
the drawing room at her em-
broidery. In conclusion, he
told her that he would gladly
slumber for a hundred years if
at the end of that time he could
awake her with a kiss.

The Day-Dream.

FLORENCE.

A famous Italian city, in the
valley of the Arno. It is the
city of Dante, Petrarch, Angelo
and many more of Italy's great
men.

The Brook ; The Daisy ;

Maud ; To Dante ; The

Falcon.

FLORES.

One of the Azores islands.
Discovered in 1439 by Vander-
berg, it was near this island that
sir Richard Grenville in the
reign of Elizabeth fought his
famous sea-fight.

At Flores in the Azores Sir Richard Gren-
ville lay,
And a pinnace, like a flutter'd bird, came
flying from far away :

The Revenge.

FLORIAN.

A friend of prince Arac, one
of the three who gained admis-
sion to princess Ida's college.
He was described by prince
Arac as

my other heart,
And almost my half-self, for still we moved
Together, twinn'd as horse's ear and eye.

The Princess.

FLORIDA.

Ev'n as the warm gulf-stream of Florida
Floats far away into the Northern seas
The lavish growths of southern Mexico.

Mine he the strength.
FLORIO.

Only child of the lady Gio-
vanna, who married count
Federigo deghli Alberighi.
The Falcon.

FLOWERING ISLE.

And we hated the Flowering Isle, as we hate 5
the isle that was mute,

Voyage of Maeldune.
See Maeldune.

FLUR.

The daughter of Mygnach
Gorr and the betrothed of
Cassivelaun (q.v.), a king of
Britain. Mwrchan, a Gallic
chief carried her away to Gauly
but Cassivelaun invaded Gaul
with 60,000 men and gaining a
victory, rescued her.

Marriage of Geraint.

FOLIOT (Gilbert). See Gilbert
Foliot.

FONSECA (Juan Rodriguez de).

Archdeacon of Seville ; ap-
pointed commissioner to super-
intend the fitting-out of
Columbus' second voyage from
Spain. A capable man, but
of a very crafty disposition, he
objected to the number of
footmen which Columbus pro-
posed for his domestic house-
hold, and the matter being re-
ferred to Ferdinand he was
ordered to carry out Columbus'
wishes. Fonseca subsequently
became archbishop of Toledo
and Patriarch of the Indies.
Columbus.

FOR]

139

[FRA

FORGET-ME-NOT.

A small herb, with beautiful
blue flowers, and considered
the emblem of fidelity.

Miller's Daughter ; The
Brook ; Queen Mary ;
Promise of May.

FORTUNE.

And affluent Fortune emptied all her horn.

In Roman mythology the
goddess of good luck. She was
worshipped at a great number
of shrines under various titles ;
but is represented here as hold-
ing in her hand the horn of
plenty.

Ode on the death of the
Duke of Wellington.

FORUM, THE.

The Baths, the Forum, gabbled of his death,

Was originally the market-
place of the city, but afterwards
the centre of the religious, civil
and political life of the city.
The Princess; St. Tele-
machus ; To Virgil.

FOX.

An animal of the dog family,
remarkable for cunning.

Walking to the Mail ; Day-
Dream ; Aylmer's Field ;
Pelleas and Ettarre ;
Village Wife ; Queen
Mary ; Promise of May.

FOXGLOVE.

= a plant, whose leaves are
used as a medicine.

Two Voices ; In Memoriam;
Sisters (Evelyn and Edith) ;
The Foresters.

FRANCE.

Dream of Fair Women ;
The Captain ; The Prin-
cess ; Ode on the death of
the Duke of Wellington ;
Aylmer's Field ; In

Memoriam ; To the Queeny
II. In the Children's Hos-
pital ; Columbus ; To Vic-
tor Hugo ; Locksley Hall
Sixty Tears After ; Queen
Mary ; Harold ; Becket.

FRANCHE-COMTE.

An ancient province in East
France, added to the crown of
France at the peace of Nime-
guen in 1671. It extends from
the Saone to the Jura moun-
tains.

Queen Mary.

FRANCIS.
FRANCIS ALLEN.

Friend of Everard Hall who
had written an Epic about king
Arthur. At the house of Fran-
cis on Christmas eve, four
college friends sat round the
fire talking of Christmas cus-
toms. Everard was asked what
he had done with his Epic.
Francis replied that Everard
had burnt it, but he had been
fortunate enough to save the
eleventh book from the flames
and forthwith produced it.

The Epic ; Morte d? Arthur.

FRANCIS.
FRANCIS HALE.

A farmer's son, who lived at
Torquay, and a friend of
Everard Hall. Was present

FRA]

with him at a picnic at Audley
Court as

' The Bull, the Fleece are cramm'd, and not

a room
For love or money. Let us picnic
At Audley Court.'

They spent an enjoyable
evening, eating homely fare,
discussing politics, the king and
matters nearer home, and ended
the picnic by entertaining each
other with a song.

He sang his song, and I replied with mine :

and returned in the dusky
moonlight to Torquay.

Audley Court.

FRANCIS OF ASSISI.

Founder of the Franciscan
order, born at Assisi in Umbria
(1182). Began life as a soldier,
but at the age of twenty-four
he gave himself up entirely to
religious life. He died in 1226
and was canonized in 1228.

Locksley Hall Sixty Tears
After

FRANK. See Francis, Francis.
Allen

FRANKFORT.

On-the-Main, one of the old
free cities of Germany.

To Strasburg, Antwerp, Frankfort, Zurich,
Worms,
Geneva, Basle — our Bishops from their sees
Or fled, they say, or flying —

Queen Mary.
FRIAR TUCK.

Robin Hood's chaplain. He
is represented as being fat and
very self-indulgent, and a very
humorous character. He was
a monk of Fountains Abbey,
which was of the Cistercian
order, and wore a red corded
girdle ornamented with gold

140 [FUR

twist, red stockings and a wallet.
He was nick-named ' Tuck ' on
account of his dress being tucked
at the waist by a girdle.

In this our spacious Isle, I thinke there is

not one,
But he hath heard some talke of him and

Little John ;
And to the end of time, the Tales shall ne'e r

be done,
Of Scarlock, George a Greene and Much, the

Millers sonne,
Of Tuck, the merry Frier, which many a Ser-
mon made,
In praise of Robin Hood, his Out-lawes, and

their Trade.'

Drayton : Polyolbion. Five and twentieth

Song.

The Foresters.
FROG.

An amphibious animal of the
genus Rana, remarkable for its
activity in swimming and
leaping.

On Translations of Homer.

FROTHFLY.

Also called froth-worm and
frog-fly ; a small insect which
in its larva state is found on
plants, enveloped in a frothy
liquid.

Aylmer's Field.

FULVIA.

The first wife of Mark An-
tony and a woman of dissolute
character. In 40 B.C., during
Antony's absence from Rome,
she raised a revolt in Italy
against Augustus, and was be-
sieged in Perusia. On its fall
she escaped and fled to Antony.
Cleopatra likens her to Eleanor,
the queen of Henry II, hence :

You should have clung to Fulvia's waist, and
thrust
The dagger thro' her side.'

Dream of Fair Women.

FURY— FURIES.

The three Greek goddesses

FUR]

I4I

[GAL

of vengeance : named Alecto
(She who rests not) ; Tisi-
phone (avenger of murder) ;
and Negara (the jealous one).
They were the daughters of
Gaia and Uranus, and resided
at the court of Pluto. They
punished without mercy all
wicked doers, haunting them
on earth and scourging them
in hell.

Vision of Sin ; Lucretius ;

In Memoriam ; Maud, ;

Sisters {Evelyn and Edith).

FURZE.

A thorny evergreen shrub
with yellow flowers.

Becket.

FUZZ.

= Furze.

Northern Farmer, Old Style.

GABRIEL.

The archangel, who an-
nounced to the Virgin Mary the
solemn intimation that God had
elected her to be the mother of
the Messiah. Daniel vii. 15-27.
Luke i. 26.

By the Mohammedans he is
called the ' Holy Spirit ' and
' Spirit of Truth ' and is be-
lieved to have dictated the
Koran to Mahomet.

Milton.

GAD-FLY.

A fly which deposits its eggs
in the skin of cattle.
The Princess ; The Foresters.

GAFFER.

Then yelp'd the cur, and yawl'd the cat ;
Ran Gaffer, stumbled Gammer.

The goose ew this way and flew that,
And filled the house with clamour.

:A rustic.

The Goose.

GAFFER DEATH.

but if

You starve me I be Gaffer Death hims elf.

=A Goodman.

The Foresters.
GALAHAD.

Son of sir Lancelot and
Elaine and a Knight of the
Round Table. Famous in
Arthurian legend for his suc-
cess in the quest of the Holy
Grail. Malory says : ' and he
was named Galahad because
sir Launcelot was so named at
the fontain-stone ; and after
that, the Lady of the Lake con-
firmed him sir Launcelot du
Lake.' He was known as the
knight of the ' long isles ' and
was always clad in white armour.
His sword was the one which
Balin released from the scabbard
brought by the damsel to the
court of king Arthur, and | his
shield was snow-white on which
Joseph of Arimathaea made a
cross with his blood. Sir Gala-
had was called the ' perfect
knight,' being the only knight
who could sit in the ' Siege
Perilous,' a seat reserved for the
knight who was successful in his
search for the Holy Grail. Sir
Galahad, with sir Bors and sir
Percivale went in quest of the
Grail, but only Galahad was
permitted to see the vision with
the bodily eyes after which his
soul was borne to heaven.

Merlin and Vivien ; Lan-

GAL]

142

[GAR

celot and Elaine ; Holy
Grail ; Becket.

GALATIA.

An ancient district of Asia
Minor. It derived its name
from the Gauls who took posses-
sion of it in the third century
b.c. In 25 B.C., during the reign
of Augustus, Galatia was made
a Roman province.

The Cup.

GALATTAN ARTEMIS.

See Ephesian Artemis.

GALAXY.

Like to some branch of stars we see
Hung in the golden Galaxy.

The Milky Way, or the lumin-
ous band of stars stretching
across the heavens.

Lady of Shalott.

GALEN. See Court-Galen.

GALILEE.

for she walks,
Wearing the light yoke of that Lord of love
Who stuTd the rolling wave of Galilee !

Has reference to Christ re-
buking the storm on the Sea of
Galilee. Matthew viii. 26 ;
Mark iv. 39 ; Luke viii. 24.
Aylmer's Field.

GAMA.

Father of princess Ida.
prince Arac says :

His name was Gama ; crack'd and small his

voice,
But bland the smile that like a wrinkling

wind
On glassy water drove his cheek in lines ;
A little dry old man, without a star,
Not like a king :

Prince Arac visited him, and
reminded him of the former
compact. Gama explained to

Arac the new ideas of Ida con-
cerning the college for women,
and said his chance of winning
her was almost as nothing.
Gama suggested war, but the
prince objected to its almost
inevitable accompaniments, and
wished to win his bride in some
better way

The Princess.

GAMEL.

A Northumberland Thane,
son of Orm. Was by treachery
murdered by earl Tostig, who
had invited him into his room
on pretence of peace.

Harold.

GAMMER.

Then yelp'd the cur, and yawl'd the cat ;

Ran Gaffer, stumbled Gammer.
The goose flew this way and flew that,

And fill'd the house with clamour.

=An old woman.

The Goose.

GANYMEDE.

A beautiful youth, son of
Tros, king of Dardania, whom
Zeus, attracted by his beauty,
carried off disguised as an eagle
to heaven, and conferring im-
mortality upon him, made him
cup-bearer to the gods in place
of Hebe. As a compensation
to Tros, Zeus presented him
with four immortal horses for
his chariot.

Or else flush'd Ganymede, his rosy thigh
Half-buried in the Eagle's down,

Sole as a flying star shot thro' the sky
Above the pillar'd town.

Palace of Art ; Will Water-
proofs Lyrical Monologue ;
The Princess.

GARCIA (Villa). See Villa
Garcia.

<JAR]

H3

[GAR

CARD A.
CARDA LAKE.

An Italian lake on the edge
of the plain of Lombardy.

Queen Mary ; Frater Ave
Atque Vale.

GARDINER (Stephen).

Bishop of Winchester, born
1483. Private secretary to Wol-
sey ; in 1528 sent as ambas-
sador to pope Clement VII,
he obtained a second commis-
sion on the royal divorce ques-
tion ; after Wolsey's fall acted
as secretary to Henry VIII ;
created bishop of Winchester
1531 ; ambassador in France
1531-32 ; falling into dis-
favour he was ousted from the
council and the chancellorship
of Cambridge, deprived of his
see, and was imprisoned in the
Tower during the whole of the
reign of Edward VI. On
Mary's accession he was liber-
ated, reinstated, and made Lord
Chancellor ; opposed the Span-
ish marriage and advocated
severe measures against Eliza-
beth, whom he caused to be
declared illegitimate by Act of
Parliament. He died in 1555.
Queen Mary.
GARETH.

A Knight of the Round Table,
who ' underwent the sooty yoke
of kitchen-vassalage.' Malory
says that he

' was the youngest son of Lot, king of Orkney
and Morgawse, Arthur's sister,'

but according to Tennyson he
was

' the last and tallest son of Lot king of Orkney
and of Bellicent his wife.

In order to please his mother
he concealed his name and
served as kitchen-knave at
Arthur's court for a twelve-
month and a day, and on
account of his large hands was
by sir Kay nicknamed Fair-
hands :

And since he hath no name, I shall give him
a name that shall be Beaumains, that is Fair-
hands.
Malory : Morte d? Arthur, Book VII. chap. i.

At the end of the twelve-
month he was knighted, and a
maiden called Lynette (q.v.)
went to king Arthur to ask for
a knight to deliver her sister
Lyonors (q.v.), who was held
captive in Castle Perilous. The
king gave the quest to Gareth,
but Lynette became indignant
and treated him with indignity,
calling him ' a master of dishes
and a kitchen knave.' He
bravely endured her insults,
and eventually won her admira-
tion by his courageously slaying
the four knights who kept the
passage to Castle Perilous and
liberating her sister, whom,
according to Malory, he married.
Tennyson however makes him
marry Lynette.

And he that told the tale in older times
Says that Sir Gareth wedded Lyonors,
But he, that told it later, says Lynette.

Gareth was slain by sir Lan-
celot in the rescue of Guinevere
from the stake.

Gareth and Lynette ; Lan-
celot and Elaine.

GARGARDS.

Behind the valley topmost Gargarus
Stands up and takes the morning :

The highest peak of the Ida

GAR]

range rising about 4,600 feet
above the level of the sea.

(Enone.

GARLON.

A Knight of the Round
Table. He was a man of
secrecy, and went about in-
visible inflicting wounds. He
was slain at a feast by Balin
in revenge for having slain two
of his (Balin's) knights.

Soon Balin asked a knight. Is there not
a knight in this court whose name is Garlon ?
Yonder he goeth, said a knight, he with the
black face ; he is the marvellest knight that
is now living, for he destroyeth many good
knights, for he goeth invisible. . . . There-
with this Garlon espied that this Balin behind
him, and then he came and smote Balin on
the face with the back of his hand. . . .
Give me the truncheon, said Balin to his
lady, wherewith he slew your knight . . .
and therewith Balin smote him through the
body, and said openly, With that truncheon
thou hast slain a good knight, and now it
sticketh in thy body.

Malory : Morte d Arthur, Book II. chap. xiv.

Balin and Balan.

GARRICK.

David Garrick, dramatist,
born at Hereford, 171 7 ; was
a pupil of Samuel Johnson,
whom he accompanied to Lon-
don in 1737. Four years later
he commenced his career as an
actor and in 1747 became, with
Lacy, joint -proprietor of Drury
Lane Theatre, which he con-
tinued to direct until his retire-
ment from the stage in 1776,
when he sold his half-share for
£35,000. He died in 1779,
and was buried in Westminster
Abbey. In all Saints Church,
Hereford, a brass plate bears
the following inscription : ' In
memory of David Garrick, who
was born in this parish, and
baptized in this Church, 28th

144 [GAW

February 171 7, and was interred
in Westminster Abbey.'

To W . C. Macready.
GASCON.

and most amorous
Of good old red sound liberal Gascon wine !

=Wine from Gascony, a
province of France.

Becket.
GAWAIN.

A Knight of the Round Table,
son of king Lot, nephew of king
Arthur, and brother of Modred
and Gareth. He was the second
of the fifty knights created by
Arthur, and was considered to
be the most reckless and irrever-
ent of them all. He fought
with, and struck off the head
of sir Priamus, but the headless
knight picked up his head again
and walked away, requesting
sir Gawain to meet him twelve
months hence. Gawain kept
the appointment and was
sumptuously entertained by
Priamus. Gawain counselled
king Arthur not to be over
hasty in punishing Guinevere
for her unfaithfulness. Ga-
wain was considered at first to
be the hero of the quest of the
Holy Grail, but was deprived
of that honour by Malory.
According to the prophecy of
Merlin Gawain fell in fighting
for king Arthur against sir
Lancelot in Benwick; and
previous to the ' last weird
battle in the west ' Arthur is
represented as seeing the ghost
of Gawain ' blown along a
wandering wind ' and crying-
out.

GEM]

H5

[GEO

Then, ere that last weird battle in the west,
There came on Arthur sleeping, Gawain kill'd
In Lancelot's war, the ghost of Gawain blown
Along a wandering wind, and past his ear
Went shrilling, ' Hollow, hollow all delight !
Hail, King ! to-morrow thou shalt pass away.
Farewell ! there is an isle of rest for thee.
And I am blown along a wandering wind,
And hollow, hollow, hollow all delight.'

To which sir Bedivere replied:

' O me, my King, let pass whatever will,
E Ives, and the harmless glamour of the field ;
But in their stead thy name and glory cling
To all high places like a golden cloud
For ever : but as yet thou shalt not pass.
Light was Gawain in life, and light in death
Is Gawain, for the ghost is as the man ;
And care not thou for dreams from him,

but rise —
I hear the steps of Modred in the west,

Coming of Arthur ; Gareth
and Lynette ; Lancelot and
Elaine ; Holy Grail ; Pel-
leas and Ettarre ; Last
Tournament ; Passing of
Arthur.

GEMINI.

The Twins, two stars in the
southern hemisphere, named
Castor and Pollux.

Maud ; The Foresters.

GENEVA.

A city of Switzerland.

To Strasburg, Antwerp, Frankfort, Zurich
Worms,
Geneva, Basle— our Bishops from their sees
Or fled, they say, or flying —

Queen Mary.

GEOFFREY (of Monmouth).

A Welsh monk and cele-
brated chronicler and ecclesi-
astic of the twelfth century,
born in Monmouth, where he
was educated in a Benedictine
monastery. In this monastery
there is a chamber — with a
projecting window, called
' Geoffrey's window ' — said to
have been used by the monk
as a study. Chaplain till 1128
to count William of Normandy ;

archdeacon of Monmouth,
1 140; created bishop of St.
Asaph 1 152. His chief work is
Chronicon sive Historia Briton-
um, which was the basis of a
number of works of the Ar-
thurian cycle (n 00-1154).
To the Queen, II.

GEOFFREY.

GEOFFREY PLANTAGENET.

Son of Rosamund and Henry
II.

Becket.

GEORGE.

Patron Saint of England, re-
presented on horseback slaying
a dragon. He is supposed to
have sprung from Cappadocia,
and to have suffered martyrdom
under Diocletian, a.d. 303.
The historian Gibbon identifies
him with George of Cappa-
docia the Arian archbishop of
Alexandria, who, for his tyranny
and oppression was massacred
by the people, December 24,
361. Clapton in his Life of
St. George, says :

It is unfortunate that the life history of
this saintly martyr has been absurdly mixed
up, even by the historian Gibbon, with that
of the Arian George of Cappadocia, who lived
more than half a century later, became by
fraud archbishop of Alexandria, and turned
out so great a villain that he was lynched
by his own people, and his body cast into the
sea.

The historical reason for the
introduction of the saint in
England is this : — In the wars
of the Crusades he is said to
have appeared at the head of a
large army, carrying a banner
with a red cross engraved upon
it, to help Godfrey de Bouillon
L

GEO]

146

[GER

against the Saracens at the
siege of Antioch.

A bloodie Crosse he bore,

The deare remembraunce of his dying Lord.

In a vision Richard Cceur de
Lion was bidden to take for
his battle-cry ' Saint George
for England.' This he did,
and won the day, and St.
George was adopted by Richard
as his patron saint.

By the decree of the Council
of Oxford, in 1222, the festival
of St. George assumed a na-
tional character, but it was not
until 1349, in the reign of
Edward III, that he was defin-
itely recognized as the nation's
patron saint.

About 126 churches are dedi-
cated to his honour, and it was
under the flag of St. George
that Nelson won the battle of
the Nile. The Union Jack,
the national flag of Great
Britain and Ireland, consists
of a combination of the three
crosses of St. George, St. An-
drew and St. Patrick, denoting
the union of England, Scotland
and Ireland.

At St. Neot in Cornwall, the
life of the saint is depicted in
twelve panels of stained glass,
beneath each of which is a
Latin scroll :

1. S. George fights against

the Gauls.

2. He is captured by them

and slain at the shrine
of the Blessed Virgin,
who

3. brings him back to life from

the grave, and

4. arms him.

5. He rescues Princess Cleo-

dolinda and slays the
dragon.

6. He is arrested for treason

and brought before the
king.

7. His body is torn with rakes.

8. On hands and knees he is

ridden by the emperor's
son.

9. He is heavily weighted and

hung by the wrists.

10. He is set in boiling lead.

11. He is dragged by a wild

horse.

12. He is beheaded.

The Foresters.

GERAINT.

A tributary prince of Devon,
and brother of Gareth and one
of the Knights of the Round
Table. He was married to
Enid (q.v.) only child of Yniol.
Overhearing the latter part of
her speech, he charged her with
unfaithfulness, and commanded
her to put on her meanest dress
and follow him silently through
the world. Being wounded in
fighting against the Saxons, Enid
nursed him with such devotion
that he could no longer doubt
her fealty, confessed his error,
and they lived together happily.

nor did he doubt her more,
But rested in her fealty, till he crown'd
A happy life with a fair death, and fell
Against the heathen of the Northern Sea
In battle, fighting for the blameless King.

Marriage of Geraint ; Ger-
aint and Enid; Lancelot
and Elaine.

GER]

H7

[GLA

GERMANY.

On Translations of Homer ;
Becket.
GHOUL.

An imaginary eastern demon,
who was supposed to subsist
on human flesh.

Ancient Sage.
GIDEON.

The Israelite judge, who was
appointed by God to destroy
the altar and groves of Baal.
With a small army of 300 men
he gained a complete victory
over the Midianites. See
Judges, chap. vii. The refer-
ence here is to Napoleon, who
with a mighty army thought to
conquer the world, but was
defeated by the British both in
Egypt and at Trafalgar —

1 at Trafalgar yet once more
We taught him : late he learned humility
Perforce, like those whom Gideon school'd
with briers.

Buonaparte.
GIGGLESBY GREEAN.

But wa boath was i' such a clat we was
shaamed to cross Gigglesby Greean,

Spinster's Sweet-Arts.
GIGGLESBY HINN.

Sa we boath on us kep out o' sight o' the
winders o' Gigglesby Hinn —

minster's Sweet-Arts.

Spi

GIGGLESBY WOOD.

By the claay'd-oop pond, that the foalk
be sa scared at, i' Gigglesby wood,

Spinster's Sweet- Arts.

GILBERT BECKET.

A London merchant and a
native of Rouen ; father of
Thomas Becket, archbishop of
Canterbury.

Becket.

GILBERT FOLIOT.

Bishop of London, prior of
Clugny and Abbeville and after-
wards abbot of Gloucester ;
created bishop of Hereford in
1 147, and translated to London
in 1 1 63 ; opposed election of
Becket to the archbishoprick of
Canterbury, and refused to
yield him obedience ; excom-
municated by Becket in 1167,
and again in 1169, but was ab-
solved at Rouen in the follow-
ing year ; consecrated Henry
IPs eldest son for which act he
was again excommunicated and
again absolved in 1172.

Becket.

GILEADITE.

The daughter of the warrior Gileadite,
A maiden pure ; as when she went along

From Mizpeh's tower'd gate with welcome
light,
With timbrel and with song.

Has reference to Jephthah,
one of the Judges of Israel. See
Judges xi.

Dream of Fair Women.

GILLYFLOWERS.

A name given by old writers
to the clove pink.

Aylmer's Field.

GIOVANNA (The Lady). See
Federigo degli Alberighi.

GLASTONBURY.

A city in Somerset, built in
the form of a cross and situated
on the peninsula formed by
the river Brue called the Isle
of Avalon. It was one of the
earliest centres of Christianity
in Britain ; its abbey is sup-
posed to have been founded by

GLI]

148

[GOD

Joseph of Arimathaea, and
the place where he is represented
to have landed in his boat with
the Holy Grail. On setting
foot on land he planted his
pilgrim's staff which took root,
and grew into a holy thorn
which miraculously blossomed
every old Christmas-eve until
it was cut down by a puritan
soldier, who was maimed in the
act. A graft of the thorn is
however supposed to exist.
King Arthur is supposed to
have been buried in the abbey.
Balin and Balan ; Holy
Grail.

GLIMMER-GOWK.

=An owl.

Village Wife.

GLO'STER (Gloucester).

Becket.

GLOW-WORM.

A beetle of the genus Lam-
pyris, having phosphorescent
structures on the abdomen.

like a glow-worm in the nigh
The which hath fire in darkness, none in light :
Shakespeare : Pericles, Act II. Scene Hi.

Vision of Sin; The Princess ;
Becket ; The Foresters.

GNAT.

A genus of troublesome
winged insects of numerous
species.

Caress'' 'd or Chidden ; Day-
Dream ; Merlin and
Vivien ; Lancelot and
Elaine ; Vastness ; Harold.

GNOME.

An imaginary creature, repre-

sented as a protector of mines
and quarries.

Merlin and the Gleam.

GOAN PADRE.

And when the Goan Padre quoting Him,
Issa Ben Mariam, his own prophet, cried
' Love one another little ones,' and ' bless '
Whom ? even ' your persecutors ' !

Goan : a place in India.
Padre : a priest.

Akbar's Dream.
GOAT.

A ruminating quadruped,
allied to the sheep.

(Enone ; Morte d? Arthur ;
Locksley Hall ; The Prin-
cess ; Merlin and Vivien ;
Last Tournament ; Passing
of Arthur.

GODIVA.

Wife of Leofric, earl of
Mercia and lord of Coventry.
About 1040, in order to save
Coventry from excessive taxa-
tion, she consented to ride
naked through the streets of
that city. The deed is com-
memorated by a stained-glass
window in St. Michael's Church,
Coventry, bearing the inscrip-
tion :

I Luriche, for the love of thee,
Doe make Coventre tol-free.

The legend of the prying,
inquisitive tailor, who looked
out of a window being struck
blind was also commemorated
in an effigy of ' Peeping Tom
of Coventry ' which long pro-
truded from an upper window
in High Street, adjoining the
King's Head Tavern.

Godiva.

€0D]

149

[GOO

GODSTOW.
GODSTOW NUNNERY.

He bad me put her into a nunnery —
Into Godstow, into Hellstow, Devilstow !
The Church ! the Church !
God's eyes !

A nunnery on the banks of
the Isis, two miles from Ox-
ford, the ruins of which may
still be seen. It was founded
in the reign of Henry I by
Editha, a lady of Winchester.
Rosamund de Clifford (q.v),
the mistress of Henry II, was
buried here in 1177.

Becket.

GODWIN.

Earl of the West Saxons,
being appointed by Canute ;
married a daughter of Ulf,
Canute's brother-in-law. In
1042 took a prominent part
in raising to the English throne
Edward the Confessor, to whom
he married his daughter Edith,
and headed the national party
against the Norman favourites.
On the accession of Jumieges
to the See of Canterbury the
old charge of having caused the
death of Alfred the Atheling
was revived, and in 105 1 was,
with his sons, outlawed and
took refuge with count Baldwin
of Flanders. He returned in
the following year and was
restored to favour, and died in
1054 of apoplexy while dining
with the king.

Harold.

GOLDEN FLEECE.

and five days after that
He met the bailifl at the Golden Fleece,

The name of an Inn. Has

reference to the fleece of a ram
which Phryxos, after he had
sacrificed it to Zeus, gave to
iEetes, king of Colchis, who
hung it on a sacred oak, and
had it guarded by a dragon.
It was however stolen by Jason
in his Argonautic expedition.
The Brook.

GOLDEN FLEECE.

An order of knighthood in-
stituted in 1429 by Philip, duke
of Burgundy.

hanging down from this
The Golden Fleece — and round his knee, mis-
placed
Our English Garter,

GOLD-LILY.

Queen Mary.

Edwin Morris.

GOLDSMITHS (Immanuel). See
Immanuel Goldsmiths.

GOLIATH.

There is one
Come as Goliath came of yore — he flings
His brand in air and catches it again,
He is chanting some old warsong.

Has reference to the landing
in England of William, duke of
Normandy. See 1 Samuel xvii.
Harold.

GOOD FORTUNE.

Name of a ship.

prosperously sail'd
The ship 'Good Fortune,' tho' at setting forth
The Biscay, roughly riding eastward,

Enoch Arden.

GOOSE.

An aquatic fowl of the genus
Anser.

The Goose ; The Brook ;
Maud ; Gareth and

Lynette ; Last Tournament ;
Becket ; The Foresters.

GOR]

150

[GRE

GORGON.

A hideous looking creature
with a hissing serpent on her
head in place of hair, the sight
of whom turned the beholder
to stone. Perseus, son of Zeus
and Danae, being armed with
a sharp sickle, discovered the
Gorgons asleep, cut off Me-
dusa's head, and thrusting it into
a bag flew away, being pursued
by two other gorgons.

Lest Gorgon rising from the infernal lakes,
With horrors arm'd, and curls of hissing snakes,
Should fix me, stiff en'd at the monstrous sight,
A stony image, in eternal night !

Homer : Odyssey, Book XI.

Death of (Enone.

GORLOIS.

Lord of Tintagel in Cornwall.
He is by some authorities con-
sidered to be the father of king
Arthur. His daughter Belli-
cent became the wife of Lot,
king of Orkney.

Sir, for ye know that in King Arthur's time
The prince and warrior Gorlois, he that held
Tintagil castle by the Cornish sea,
Was wedded with a winsome wife, Ygerne :

Coming of Arthur.
GORSE.

=the furze, a prickly shrub
with yellow flowers.

Voyage of Maeldune.

GRACES.

The Graces were three god-
desses named Aglaia, Thalia, and
Euphrosyne, representing Grace,
Gentleness and Beauty.

Vision of Sin ; The Princess.

GRAIL. See Holy Grail.

GRAMERCY.

A word formerly used to
express thanks.

The Foresters.

GRASSHOPPER.

An insect that lives among

grass, closely allied to the locust.

Leonine Elegiacs ; (Enone ;

Becket.

GRANADA.

Queen Mary.

GRAY (Edward). See Edward
Gray.

GRAYHOUND.

A tall slender dog kept for
the chase, remarkable for keen
sight and swiftness.

Harold.
GRAYLING.

And here and there a lusty trout,
And here and there a grayling.

A silvery-gray fish of the
salmon genus.

The Brook.

GREAT SEAL.

The principal seal of England
with which all state documents
are stamped.

Becket.

GREAT SILENCE.

Ay, sir,
Inherit the Great Silence.

=be killed.

Queen Mary.
GREECE.

(Enone.

GREENWICH.

Queen Mary.

GREGORY.

I, true son
Of Holy Church — no croucher to the Gregories
That tread the kings their children underheel —

Refers to the popes in general,
more particularly to Gregory
VII, pope of Rome from 1073
to 1085 A.D.

Becket.

GRE]

151

[GUI

GREGORY.

Did not Great Gregory bid St. Austin here
Found two archbishopricks, London and
York?

=Gregory I, pope of Rome
from 590 to 604 a.d.

Becket.

GREGORY.

Not to a Gregory of my throning ! No.

Becket.

GRENVILLE (Sir Richard). See
Richard, Richard Grenville.

GRESHAM (Sir Thomas). See
Thomas Gresham.

GREYS.

The Scots Greys, who, with
the 2nd squadron of Innis-
killings made the famous charge
at Balaclava.

Charge of the Heavy Brigade
at Balaclava.

GRIFFIN.

A fabulous monster repre-
sented as half Hon and half
eagle.

Holy Grail ; Merlin and
the Gleam.

GRIFFYTH.

A king of Wales ; joined with
Elfgar, earl of East Anglia, and
gathering a large army of Welsh-
men and Irishmen invaded
England. The earl of Here-
ford, king Edward's nephew,
met him, but was defeated, and
Griffyth sacked the city of
Hereford and burnt the Cathe-
dral to the ground. Harold,
earl of Wessex, afterwards king
of England, was sent by Edward
the Confessor to avenge this
disaster, and with earl Tostig

succeeded in suppressing the
rebellion (1063). In the same
year Griffyth was slain by his-
own men and his head brought
to Harold who sent it to the
king.

Harold.

GRIM (Edward).

Thou art but yesterday from Cambridge,
Grim ;
What say ye there of Becket ?

A monk of Cambridge. Was
cross-bearer to Thomas Becket.
When the four knights — mur-
derers of Becket — entered Can-
terbury Cathedral, Grim stood,
by the archbishop during his
altercation with them, and
shielded him from their violence
until his own arm was nearly
cut off by a stroke aimed at the
primate. Falling to the ground,
he crawled away to the altar
where the other clerks had
taken refuge, and escaped with
his life. He was the author of
a biography of Becket.

Becket.

GUANAHANI.

An island in the West Indies
on which Columbus first landed
on October 12, 1492, and to
which he gave the name of San.
Salvador.

and last the light, the light
On Guanahani ! but I changed the name ;
San Salvador I call'd it ;

Columbus.
GUERNSEY.

Second in size and population
of the Channel Islands.

Queen Mary.

GUILDFORD DUDLEY.

Fourth son of the first duke

GUI]

152

[GUI

of Northumberland. At the
instigation of his father — whose
object was to get the succession
of the crown transferred from
Mary — he married lady Jane
Grey, daughter of the duke of
Suffolk. The plot however
failed, and upon the accession
of Mary, Dudley was committed
to the Tower, and thence to
trial at the Guildhall, where he
was condemned, sentenced to
death and beheaded on Tower
Hill, February 12, 1554.

Queen Mary.
GUINEA-HEN.

An African bird of the pheas-
ant family, having dark-gray
plumage variegated with small
white spots. The Brook.

GUINEVERE.

Daughter of Leodogran, king
of Cameliard.

Leodogran, the King of Cameliard,
Had one fair daughter, and none other child :
And she was fairest of all flesh on earth,
Guinevere, and in her his one delight.

After king Arthur had assisted
king Leodogran in clearing his
kingdom of wild beasts and
heathen hordes, he sent three
of his knights to Leodogran
to ask for the hand of Guinevere,
and Leodogran consenting they
were married by Dubric, at
Camelot, in the church of St.
Stephen's. She entertained a
guilty passion for sir Lancelot
(q.v.) and was in consequence
condemned to be burnt. When
she was at the stake she was
rescued by Lancelot, who
carried her off to his castle at
Joyous Guard, which castle

was besieged by Arthur. Ulti-
mately Guinevere was given up
by Lancelot, and received back
by Arthur, who, on the advice
of Gawain waged a second war
on Lancelot in Benwick. Dur-
ing the absence of Arthur on
his expedition against the
Romans, Modred, nephew of
Arthur, who had been left in
charge of the kingdom, traitor-
ously proclaimed himself king,
and seized Guinevere whom he
kept prisoner. Upon receiv-
ing the news, Arthur hurriedly
returned, and defeating Modred
rescued Guinevere. After the
battle, she with two other
queens received Arthur in a
barge and conveyed him to the
Isle of Avalon, where he died,
after which Guinevere retired
to the nunnery at Almesbury.

And when queen Guenever understood that
king Arthur was slain . . . she went to
Almesbury, and there she let make herself
a nun, and wore white clothes and black.
Malory : Morte d' Arthur, Book XXI, chap. vii.

and on the death of the Abbess
was chosen as her successor,
and remained head of the
establishment for a period of
three years.

And likewise for the high rank she had borne,
Was chosen Abbess, there, an Abbess lived
For three brief years, and there, an Abbess,

past
To where beyond these voices there is peace.

Her death being revealed to
Lancelot in a dream, he pro-
ceeded to Almesbury, and
taking the body of the queen
he laid it by the side of king
Arthur in the chapel of Glaston-
bury.

Sir Launcelot and- Queen

GUI]

153

[GUY

Guinevere ; Coming of
Arthur ; Marriage of Ger-
aint ; Balin and Balan ;
Merlin and Vivien ; Lan-
celot and Elaine ; Pelleas
and Ettarre ; Last Tourna-
ment ; Guinevere.

GUISNES.

A town near Calais. The
garrison commanded by lord
Grey was besieged and sur-
rendered to the duke of Guise
in the reign of Mary.

Queen Mary.

GULISTAN.

A Persian word for rose-
garden.

' O Bulbul, any rose of Gulistan
Shall burst her veil :

The Princess.

GULL.

A web-footed sea-fowl of the
genus Larus.

Pelleas and Ettarre.

GURNION.

The scene of king Arthur's
eighth battle against the
Saxons :

where Arthur bore the image of the Holy
Virgin, Mother of God, upon his shoulders,
and through the power of our Lord Jesus
Christ, and the holy Mary, put the Saxons
to flight, and pursued them the whole day
with great slaughter.

Nennius : Six Chronicles.

It is however supposed to
have been the head of the Virgin
Mary engraven on the shield
borne by Arthur.

and again
By castle Gurnion, where the glorious King
Had on his cuirass worn our Lady's Head,
Carved of one emerald center'd in a sun
Of silver rays, that lighten'd as he breathed ;

Lancelot and Elaine.
Athwart his brest a bauldrick brave he ware,
That shind, like twinkling stars, with stones
most pretious rare.

And in the midst thereof one pretious stone
Of wondrous worth, and eke of wondrous

mights,
Shapt like a Ladies head, exceeding shone,
Like Hesperus amongst the lesser lights,
And strove for to amaze the weaker sights :

Spenser : Faerie Queene, Book I. Canto vii.

Amazement runs before the towering casque
Of Arthur, bearing through the stormy field
The virgin sculptured on his Christian shield : —
Wordsworth : Ecclesiastical Sonnets, Part I.

Stanza x.

The Castle of Gurnion is
generally considered to have
been in Wales.

Lancelot and Elaine.

GURTH.

Earl of East Anglia and son
of earl Godwin ; accompanied
his father in exile in 1052, and
returned with him the follow-
ing year ; succeeded to the
earldom of East Anglia in 1057.
He accompanied his brother
Harold to the battle of Stam-
ford-bridge. Gurth advised
Harold not to appear in person
against William, but to stay
and guard the city of London.
Fought by the side of Harold
at the battle of Senlac, where
he threw a spear at the charger
ridden by the Conqueror and
killed it ; but William rushed
forward on foot and slew Gurth
with his own hand.

Harold.

GUY.

Count of Ponthieu. Earl
Harold sailing one day in a
fishing boat in the English
Channel was driven by storm
on the coast of Ponthieu, and
was taken prisoner by Guy,
count of Ponthieu. Harold,
however, sent a message to
duke William of Normandy

GWY]

154

[HAM

complaining of the treatment
he had received, and asking his
interference. William ordered
his release, and invited him to
his court, when it is said he
persuaded Harold to swear to
assist him to the crown of
England upon Edward's death.

drave and crack'd
His boat on Ponthieu beachf; where our friend

Guy
Had wrung his ransom from him by the rack,

Harold.
GWYDION.

Who, after, turn'd her daughter round, and

said,
She never yet had seen her half so fair ;
And call'd her like that maiden in the tale,
Whom Gwydiou made by glamour out of

flowers,

The tale is that of 'Math,'
son of Mathonwy, who, with
Gwydion sought to form, by-
enchantment, a wife for Llew.

So they took the blossoms of the oak, and
the blossoms of the broom, and the blossoms
of the meadow-sweet, and produced from
them a maiden, the fairest and most graceful
that man ever saw.

Guest : The Mabinogion : Math the Son of
Mathonwy .

Marriage of Geraint.

GYNJECEUM.

The women's quarters in a
Greek house.

The Princess.
HALCYON.

=the kingfisher.

Progress of Spring.

HALE (Francis). See Francis,
Francis Hale.

HALL (Everard). See Everard,
Everard Hall.

The Epic ; Morte d' Arthur.

HAMAN.

but all those that held with him,
Except I plead for them, will hang as high
As Haman.

Has reference to Haman,

king Ahasuerus' chief minister,
who was hanged on the gallows
which he had erected for
Mordecai. Esther vii.

The Foresters.

HAMILTON (Lady).

The daughter of a labourer,,
born at Ness, Cheshire, in 1763.
For some years she lived under
the protection of sir William
Hamilton, whom she married
in 1 791. She was a woman of
extraordinary beauty, and is
immortalized in many portraits
by Romney.

What ! the Lady Hamilton t
Good, I am never weary painting you.

She subsequently became the
mistress of lord Nelson, and
although a widow with a fortune,
fell into debt and died in
poverty in 181 5.

Romney,s Remorse.

HAMPDEN.

The single note
From that deep chord which Hampden smote
Will vibrate to the doom.

Has reference to John Hamp-
den who withstood the illegal
exaction of Charles I in 1627,
and whose refusal to pay ship
money in 1635 fed to his being
tried before the court of
exchequer ; and although judg-
ment was given against him,
the country expressed itself
strongly on the side of Hampden
and the Long Parliament re-
versed the decision of the court.
England and America.

HAMPTON COURT.

A palace situated on the
Thames erected by Cardinal

HAN]

155

[HAR

Wolsey in. 15 15, and presented
by him to Henry VIII in 1526.
Mary, Elizabeth, Cromwell, the
Stuarts, William III, and other
monarchs have resided there,
but since the time of George
II it has ceased to be a royal
residence, and is now occupied
by pensioners of the crown.

Queen Mary.

HANNIE (Annie).

Eldest child of the village
squire, disliked by the village
wife.

Hes fur Miss Hannie the heldest ties now be

a-grawin' sa howd,
I knaws that mooch o* shea es it beant not

fit to be towd !

Village Wife.
HANOVER SHIP.

And curse me the British vermin, the rat ;
I know not whether he came in the Hanover

ship,
But I know that he lies and listens mute
In an ancient mansion's crannies and holes :

Has reference to the Nor-
wegian rat, which came to Eng-
land during the eighteenth
century. This rat infests ships
and thus was carried into coun-
tries where they were unknown.
The Jacobites claimed that this
rat had come to England with
the House of Hanover in 1714,
when George Ludwig, elector of
Hanover, succeeded Anne on
the English throne, hence it was
called the ' Hanoverian rat.'
Maud.

HAPPY ISLES.

It may be we shall touch the Happy Isles,
And see the great Achilles, whom we knew.

The Isles of a happy abode
for the departed, identified
with the Canaries and the
Azores. Ulysses.

HARDRADA.

Harold Hardrada, king of
Norway, who, at the invitation
of earl Tostig (q.v) came to
England and defeated Edwin
and Morcar at the battle of
Fulford in Yorkshire, but was
in turn defeated by Harold at
the battle of Stamford-bridge,
Hardrada and Tostig being
among the slain.

May all invaders perish like Hardrada!
All traitors fail like Tostig !

Harold.

HARE.

A rodent of the genus Lepus,
with long ears, a short tail,
soft hair, and a divided upper
lip.

Ay Inter* s Field ; The Foresters.

HAREBELL.

A small branching plant with
pale blue bell-shaped flowers.
The Princess ; Promise of May.

HARFLEUR.

A French village on the
estuary of the Seine. In the
Hundred Years' War it was
taken after a six months' siege
by the English under Henry
V (141 5), and during the suc-
ceeding twenty years changed
hands three times. The town
was lost to England on Novem-
ber 4, 1435.

Harold.

HAROLD.

King of England, second soa
of earl Godwin. Was in 105 1
along with his father banished,
and took refuge with count
Baldwin of Flanders. He re-

HAR]

I56

[HAR

turned the following year, and
on Godwin's death became earl
of Wessex, and the right hand
of king Edward the Confessor.
In 1064 he was shipwrecked on
the coast of Ponthieu and taken
prisoner by Guy (q.v) count of
Ponthieu. Harold complained
to duke William of Normandy
of the treatment he was re-
ceiving at the hands of the
count, and asked his interfer-
ence. William ordered his re-
lease, invited him to his court,
where it is said he made him
swear that he would, on the
death of Edward the Con-
fessor, help to make him king
of England. On the death
of Edward Harold was pro-
claimed king. His younger
brother Tostig (q.v.) rebelled,
and invited over to England
Harold Hardrada (q.v.), king
of Norway. Hardrada sailed
up the Humber and with Tostig
defeated the English troops at
Fulford Bridge in Yorkshire.
Harold however marched to
meet them, and joined forces
with them at Stamford-bridge,
where, after a bloody struggle,
he won a complete victory on
September 25, 1066, Tostig
and Hardrada being among the
slain. Four days later, news
arrived that duke William of
Normandy had landed at Peven-
sey. Harold marched south-
ward, and with his troops
occupied the hill of Senlac, near
Hastings. There he was visited
by a monk who urged him to

yield to the pope, who had
given encouragement to the
claims of William. Harold in
anger repudiated Rome's author-
ity :

Back to that juggler,
Tell him the Saints are nobler than he dreams,
Tell him that God is nobler than the Saints,
And tell him we stand arm'd on Senlac Hill,
And bide the doom of God.

The battle, which lasted
from nine o'clock in the morn-
ing until after sunset was
fought on October 14, 1066, and
after a desperate struggle the
English were defeated, owing
to their allowing the pretended
flight of the Normans to draw
them from their impregnable
position on the hill, Harold
himself being slain by an arrow
which pierced his eye. Harold's
body was found upon the field
of battle, and was, by William,
ordered to be buried there,
saying ' He guarded the shore
when living, let him guard it
now he is dead,' but afterwards
he permitted it to be interred
at Waltham Abbey.

Harold.

HAROLD (King of Norway). See
Hardrada.

HAROLD (Mr. Philip Edgar).
See Eva.

Promise of May.

HAROLD THE SAXON. See
Harold (King of England).

The Foresters.

HAROUN ALRASCHID.

(Aaron the Orthodox.) The
most renowned of the Bagdad

HAR]

157

[HAR

caliphs, succeeded to the
Caliphate in 786 a.d. He
maintained a magnificent court
where he gathered round him
a company of poets and scholars.
He was a contemporary of
Charlemagne, and figures as the
chief character in the Arabian
Nights.

Recollections of the Arabian
Nights.

HARRY.

' Ere yet, in scorn of Peter's-pence
And number'd bead, and shrift,
Bluff Harry broke into the spence
And turn'd the cowls adrift :

Has reference to the dissolu-
tion of the monasteries by
Henry VIII.

Talking Oak.
HARRY.

One of the sons of an old
woman, who outlived all her
children. She fancied they
were not dead, but were all
about her yet.

While Harry is in the five-acre and Charlie

ploughing the hill,
And Harry and Charlie, I hear them too —

they sing to their team :

He died at the age of sixty.
Grandmother.
HARRY.

Husband of Ellen, with whom
she quarrelled on account of a
letter written him by a girl
in Dorsetshire. Harry wrote
his wife assuring her that all
would come right again. He
left for Jersey, stating he had
found work there, but while
crossing the boat went down
and he was drowned. His wife,
who had refused to say good-
bye to him, felt she was to
blame. First Quarrel.

HARRY BOLINGBROKE.

Henry IV — surnamed Boling-
broke, from the place of his
birth — king of England from
1399 to 141 8 ; the first of the
Lancastrian kings ; eldest son
of John of Gaunt and grand-
child of Edward III. After
spending some time of his life
in exile at Paris, he invaded
England, and owing to the
misrule of his cousin Richard
II had little difficulty in de-
posing that monarch and assum-
ing the crown. This usurpa-
tion of the throne gave rise to
civil strife known as the Wars
of the Roses, which broke out
during the reign of Henry VL

Harry of Bolingbroke
Had holpen Richard's tottering throne to

stand,
Could Harry have foreseen that all our nobles
Would perish on the civil slaughter-field,

During his reign wars were
successfully undertaken against
the Welsh under Glendower,.
and against the rebellion of
the Percies in their attempt to
win the crown for Mortimer.
A statute for the burning of
heretics — the first in England
for the suppression of religious
opinion — was passed during his
reign (1 366-141 3).

Queen Mary.

HARRY OF MONMOUTH. See

Henry V.
HARRY THE EIGHTH. See

Henry VIII.
HARRY THE SEVENTH. See

Henry VII.
HARRY THE SIXTH. See Henry

VI.

HAR]

HARWICH.

A seaport in Sussex.

Queen Mary.

HASTINGS (Francis).

Second earl of Huntingdon,
eldest son of George Hastings,
first earl. Joined the duke of
Northumberland against the
protector Somerset, and on
October 13, 1549, conducted
Somerset to the Tower. In
order to strengthen his alliance
with Northumberland married
his son Henry to Northumber-
land's daughter Katherine on
the same day as lord Guildford
Dudley married lady Jane Grey.
He was one who signed the
agreement to maintain lady
Jane Grey's succession to the
crown, and on the death of
Edward VI joined Northum-
berland in declaring her Queen.
By order of Mary was arrested
and sent to the Tower ; being
released, was sent down to
Leicester to suppress the revolt
headed by the duke of Suffolk,
whom he brought back a
prisoner to the Tower in
February 1555. After obtain-
ing several minor appointment s
under Mary and Elizabeth he
died at Ashby-de-la-Zouch in
1561.

Queen Mary.

HASTINGS.

A town and seaport in Sussex,
near to which place was fought
the battle of Senlac, 1066. On
a hill near the town are the

158 [HAV

ruins of the castle built by the
Conqueror.

Harold.

HAVELOCK (General Sir Henry)
of Bishop-Wearmouth, Dur-
ham. Educated at the Charter-
house, and in 1823 proceeded
to India. Served with dis-
tinction in the Afghan and
Sikh Wars and in the Persian
Expedition. On the outbreak
of the Indian Mutiny he
was sent to the relief of
Cawnpore and Lucknow, the
latter of which places he entered
on September 25, 1857. He was
however in turn himself be-
sieged, but held out until re-
lieved by sir Colin Campbell.
Almost immediately afterwards
he was attacked by dysentery
and died on November 22,
1857, and was buried in the
Alum-Bagh.

Defence of Lucknow.

HAVERINGATTE-BOWER.

The nightingales in Haveringatte-Bower
Sang out their loves so loud, that Edward's

prayers
Were deafen'd and he pray'd them dumb,

A village in Essex. It was
the seat of some of the Saxon
kings, and a favourite resort
of Edward the Confessor. It
abounded with nightingales —
being a woody and peaceful
place — and it is said that they
sang so loudly that the king was
disturbed in his devotions. The
ruins of Edward the Con-
fessor's palace are still to be
seen.

Harold.

HAW]

159

[HEB

JHAWA-I-EE.

One of the Sandwich islands.
It contains the famous volcano
Kilauea, the crater of which
is one of the world's wonders,
being nine miles in circum-
ference, and which is filled with
boiling lava which ebbs and
flows like an ocean tide.

Kapiolani.

HAWK.

One of a numerous species of
rapacious birds of the family
Falconida.

And where the two contrived their daughter's

good,
Lies the hawk's cast, the mole has made his

run,

Hawk's cast = feathers, fur,
and other indigestible matters
ejected from the stomach by a
hawk after it has devoured its
prey.

Poet's Song ; Aylmer's
Field ; Marriage of Ger-
aint ; Sir John Oldcastle,
Lord Cob ham ; Harold ;
Becket ; The Foresters.

HAWTHORN.

A thorny shrub or tree, with
small fragrant flowers. It is
extensively used for hedges.

May Queen ; Progress of
Spring.
HAZEL.
HAZEL-TREE.

A shrub or small tree of the
genus Corylus.

Will Waterproofs Lyrical
Monologue ; Enoch Arden ;
In Memoriam ; May Queen.

HEAD (Edward). See Edward
Head.

HEAGLE.

= Eagle.

Owd Rod.

HEATH (Sir Nicholas). See
Nicholas, Nicholas Heath.

HEATH.

A small evergreen shrub,
growing on waste lands.

Maud ; Coming of Arthur ;
Pelleas and Ettarre ; The
Ring.

HEATHER.

=Heath.

Romney's Remorse ; June
Bracken and Heather.

HEAVY BRIGADE.

A brigade consisting of two
squadrons of the Scots Greys,
and the 2nd squadron of Innis-
killings, commanded by sir
James Yorke Scarlett which
made the famous charge at
Balaclava, October 25, 1854.
Charge of the Heavy Brigade
at Balaclava.

HEBE.

The goddess of eternal youth,
daughter of Zeus and Hera ;
cup-bearer to the immortals,
before Ganymede (q.v.) super-
seded her. She became the
wife of Hercules after his ad-
mission among the immortals.
Gardener's Daughter ; The
Princess ; Romnefs Re-
morse.

HEBREW.

' And 1 went mourning, No fair Hebrew boy
Shall smile away my maiden blame among

The Hebrew mothers ' — emptied of all joy,
Leaving the dance and song,

HEC]

1 60

[HEL

Among the Jews it was a
reproach to women to be child-
less, as each hoped to be the
maternal ancestor of the pro-
mised Messiah.

Dream of Fair Women.

HECTOR.

Son of Priam and Hecuba,
and chief hero of Troy in the
Trojan war. He was a favourite
of the gods, especially of Apollo.
His chief exploits were his
single combat with Ajax, and
his slaying of Patroclus the
friend of Achilles. In revenge
for the latter deed Achilles
stabbed him and fastened his
body to his chariot, and dragged
it three times round the grave
^ of Patroclus, but Apollo pre-
served it from mutilation. The
Iliad of Homer describes the
last meeting of Hector and
Andromache, her lament upon
his death, and the mourning
of his mother, his wife and
Helen at the funeral obsequies.
Specimen of Iliad.

HEDGAR (Edgar).
See Eva.

Promise of May.

HEDGEHOG.

A prickly-backed insecti-
vorous quadruped, able to roll
itself into a ball so as to present
the spines outwardly in every
direction. It makes a hole or
nest for itself a few inches below
the surface of the ground, and
is nocturnal in its habits.

Aylmer's Field.

HEDGE-PIG.

=a young hedgehog.

The Foresters.

HEDGE-ROSE.

=the wild rose.

Queen Mary.

HELEN.

' Then, then, from utter gloom stood out the
breasts,
The breasts of Helen,

Has reference to Helen of
Troy, daughter of Zeus and
Leda, and the wife of Menelaos,
king of Sparta, who was carried
off to Troy by Paris (q.v.)>
the shepherd-prince of Troy.
Lucretius.

HELEN'S TOWER.

Helen's Tower stands on a
hill on the southern shore of
Belfast Lough. It was built
for the purpose of enshrining
the following verses written
by lady Dufferin to her son,
the great British diplomatist,
on his coming of age in 1 847 :

TO MY DEAR BOV ON HIS 21ST
BIRTHDAY.

With a Silver Lamp.
Fiat Lux.
How shall I bless thee ? human love

Is all too poor in passionate words ;
The heart aches with a sense above

All language that the lip affords,
Therefore, a symbol shall express

My love, a thing nor rare nor strange -
But yet eternal, measureless,

Knowing no shadow and no change ;
Light, which of all the lovely shows

To our poor world of shadows given,
The fervent prophet-voices chose

Alone as attribute of heaven.

At a most solemn pause we stand,

From this day forth for evermore
The weak but loving human hand

Must cease to guide thee as of yore ;
Then as through life thy footsteps stray

And earthly beacons dimly shine,
' Let there be light ' upon the way,

And holier guidance far than mine,
1 Let there be light ' in thy clear soul

When passion tempts or doubts assail.
When grief's dark tempests o'er thee roM

' Let there be light ' that shall not fail.

HEL]

161

[HEN

So, angel-guarded may'st thou tread

The narrow path which few may find,
And at the end look back nor dread

To count the vanished years behind ;
And pray that she whose hand doth trace

This heart-warm prayer, when life is past,
May see and know thy bless&l face

In God's own glorious light at last.

In 1861 the marquis of Duf-
ferin addressed to Tennyson a
letter to the effect that he had
erected on a hill in his park in
Ireland a tower which he had
named after his mother ' Helen's
Tower,' and that the only thing
wanting to make it a perfect
little gem of architecture and
decoration, was ' a voice.' In
answer to this the poet sent
the marquis the following
lines : —

Helen's Tower, here I stand,
Dominant over sea and land.
Son's love built me, and I hold
Mother's love engrav'n in gold.
Love is in and out of time,
I am mortal stone and lime.
Would my granite girth were strong
As either love to last as long !
I should wear my crown entire
To and thro' the Doomsday fire,
And be found in angel eyes
In earth's recurring Paradise.*

* The fancy of some poets and theo-
logians that Paradise is to be the renovated
earth, as, I dare say, you know.

Life of Tennyson.

Helen's Tower.

HELICONIAN HONEY.

Or Heliconian honey in living words,
To make a truth less harsh,

Lucretius.

HELICONIAN RIDGE.

Part of the mountain range
of Parnassus sacred to the Muses.
Tiresias .
HELLSTOW.

He bad me put her into a nunnery —
Into Godstow, into Hellstow, Devilstow !
The Church ! the Church !
God's eyes ! <^

Bucket.

HEMAN.

Son of Joel, and grandson of
Samuel the prophet. He is
called the musician, and was one
of the three Levites — the others
being Asaph and Ethan — in
charge of the vocal and instru-
mental music in the second
Temple.

sing, Asaph ! clash
The cymbal, Heman ! blow the trumpet,

priest !
Fall, cloud, and fill the house — lo ! my two

pillars,
Jachin and Boaz ! —

Harold.
HEMLOCK.

The name of several poison-
ous herbs. In ancient Greece
the punishment of death was
inflicted by criminals being
forced to drink a decoction of
the hemlock.

The Princess ; Lover's
Tale ; Demeter and Perse-
phone.

HENGIST.

The first Saxon king of Kent
and joint-founder with his
brother Horsa of that kingdom ;
arrived at Ebbsfleet from Jut-
land in 449 a.d. at the invitation
of Vortigern to help him in
repelling the Picts and Scots ;
but afterwards turned against
the Britons themselves and was
defeated at Aylesford, 455.
Guinevere.

HENRY (Bedingfield). See Henry
Bedingfield.

HENRY (the First).

King of England, was the
youngest son of William the
Conqueror, and the first mon-
M

HEN]

162

[HEN

arch of the Norman line who
was English by birth. He suc-
ceeded his brother William
Rufus in 1 100, at which time
his brother Robert was in
Normandy. Soon after Robert
invaded England, but agreed
to renounce his claim to the
throne. Robert was however
persuaded again to resort to
arms and Henry invaded Nor-
mandy, defeated him and
brought him prisoner to Eng-
land where he died in Cardiff
castle, and Normandy was
united to England. William,
Robert's son, however secured
the assistance of Louis VI and
the counts of Flanders and
Aragon, and in order to defend
himself Henry married his
daughter Matilda to the em-
peror Henry V, and in 1110
defeated the French king at
Bremule. Henry died sud-
denly at Rouen in 1135, and
was buried at Reading.

Becket.

HENRY (the Second).

King of England, eldest son
of Geoffrey Plantagenet ; suc-
ceeded Stephen in H54-
Through his father and mother,
Aragon, Touraine, Normandy
and Maine were added to the
English crown ; while through
his wife, Eleanor — the divorced
wife of Louis VII of France —
he secured the provinces of
Poitou, Limousin and Gascony.
His reign was troubled by dis-
putes between himself and

Becket, archbishop of Canter-
bury, who was murdered in
1 170; and Henry was obliged
by the pope to undergo penance
at the tomb of the archbishop
at Canterbury. In 1170 he
caused his son Henry to be
crowned king, and three years
later his sons, at the instigation
of their mother, rebelled against
him on account of his attach-
ment to Rosamund de Clifford.
In 1 1 83 his s on Henry died,
and Richard, his third son, re-
volted against his father, and
being supported by the king
of France defeated him in
Normandy. He died at Chinon
1 1 89.

Becket.

HENRY (the Third).

King of England, eldest son
of John, whom he succeeded
in 1 216, when only ten years
of age. He was of a feeble
character, and during his reign
Normandy and other French
provinces were relinquished to
the king of France. Civil war
broke out, and from 1258-64
a struggle took place between
the king and the barons, and at
the battle of Lewes in 1264
Henry was defeated and taken
prisoner, but promised to accept
the Provisions of Oxford. At
the battle of Evesham the
Barons were totally defeated,
chiefly through the courage of
Henry's son Edward, where-
upon he deprived several of
them of their estates. He can-

KEN]

163

[HEN

celled the Great Charter and
allowed the pope to collect
tithes in England. By the
treaty of Shrewsbury in 1267
Wales was pacified. He died
in 1272 at Westminster and was
buried in the Abbey.

On the Jubilee of Queen
Victoria.

HENRY.

Son of Henry II, born in 1155
and married at the age of five
to princess Margaret of France.
Crowned as his father's suc-
cessor at Westminster 11 70, and
again with his queen at Win-
chester 1 172. In the following
year he rebelled against his
father, and fled to Normandy ;
became reconciled to his father
in 1 1 74, and eight years later
made war on his brother Richard
in Aquitaine, and afterwards
on his father. He died penitent,
of fever, at Martel at the age
of twenty-eight, and was buried
at Rouen (11 5 5-1 183).

Becket.

Henry (the Seventh).

King of England, son of Ed-
mund Tudor and of Margaret,
of the house of Lancaster.
Henry, who was in Brittany, was
invited to invade England to
rescue it from the usurper
Richard III, and in 1485 landed
in Wales and marched to Bos-
worth in Leicestershire, where
Richard was defeated and slain,
Henry being crowned king upon
the spot. He united the houses
of York and Lancaster, by

marrying Elizabeth daughter
of Edward IV. During his
reign a joiner's son named
Simnel, who pretended to be
the young earl of Warwick, rose
in rebellion, but was suppressed
by Henry's victory at Stoke,
near Newark, in 1487. Some
years later a Yorkist pretender
from Flanders, named Perkin
Warbeck, personated Richard,
duke of York, who was believed
to have been murdered in the
tower, claimed the crown, but
he was apprehended and con-
fined to the Tower, where,
with the earl of Warwick, he
was executed (1499). Henry
died at Richmond in 1509, and
was buried in Henry the
Seventh's chapel, built by him
in Westminster Abbey (1457—

I509)-

Queen Mary.

HENRY (the Sixth).

King of England, son of
Henry V. Being only ten
years of age when he was pro-
claimed king, the country dur-
ing his long minority was
governed by the Privy Council.
Charles king of France, dying
soon after, the duke of Orleans
encouraged by the minority
of Henry assumed the title
of king, under the name of
Charles VII. Henry was
crowned king of England at
Westminster in 1429, and
king of France at Paris in
143 1 ; but the conclusion of
peace between Charles VII,

HEN]

and Burgundy, and the
death of the duke of Bedford
brought ruin to the English
arms in France. The siege
of Orleans was raised by the
French in 1429, inspired by
Jeanne d'Arc ; Normandy was
lost in 1450, and in 1483 with
the exception of Calais the
English were expelled from
France. The king being de-
clared insane, the duke of York
was made protector, and on
Henry's recovery York openly
claimed the crown, civil war,
known as the Wars of the Roses,
broke out, and at the first great
battle at St. Albans in 1455
Henry was defeated and taken
prisoner. For the two succeed-
ing years there was peace,
York governing in Henry's
name, but in 1459 war again
broke out, the Yorkists winning
the battle of Bloreheath, but
were defeated at Ludlow. In
the following year the Yorkists
won the battle of Northampton,
but were defeated at Wakefield
by Margaret, Henry's queen,
York himself being slain. In
1 46 1 York's son Edward gained
a victory at Mortimer's Cross,
and although Warwick was de-
feated by Margaret at the
second battle of St. Albans,
young Edward was crowned at
Westminster, and Henry fled to
Scotland. After wandering for
four years he was captured and
imprisoned in the Tower, wnere
after the defeat of Margaret
at Tewkesbury, and the murder

164 [HEK

of prince Edward after the
battle, he was murdered (1421-
7i).

Queen Mary.

HENRY (the Eighth).

King of England, son of
Henry VII, whom he succeeded
in 1509 at the age of eighteen.
In the same year he married
Catherine of Aragon, widow
of his brother Arthur, and the
early years of his reign were very
popular. In 1512 he joined
the Holy League, formed by
pope Julius II, and Henry in-
vaded France, and having won
several victories, concluded
peace with the French king,
Louis XII. During his absence
James IV of Scotland invaded
England, but was defeated and
slain at Flodden Field. Form-
ing an attachment for Anne
Boleyn, he determined to
divorce his wife Catherine, his
plea being that she was his
brother's widow, and the
divorce being refused by the
pope, Henry assumed the title
of head of the English Church.
In 1522 Cranmer, who had been
created archbishop of Canter-
bury, declared Henry's marriage
with Catherine void, and the
king married Anne Boleyn, but
some years later, on the ground
of infidelity, she was executed,
and Henry married Jane Sey-
mour, but she dying soon after
the birth of Edward VI, Henry
married Anne of Cleves, who
was in 1540 divorced. Henry

HEN]

l65

LHEN

next married Catherine Howard,
niece of the duke of Norfolk,
who was subsequently beheaded
for infidelity, after which he
married Catherine Parr, who
happily survived him. During
his reign the Reformation made
great headway ; statutes were
passed by parliament completely
abrogating the papal authority
in England, and in 1535 an
act made Henry the supreme
Head of the Church. The monas-
teries were suppressed, but this
act aroused discontent, and
an outbreak known as the
Pilgrimage of Grace, headed by
Robert Aske, broke out in 1536.
The rebels were defeated in
Lincolnshire, but took posses-
sion of York, and marching on
Doncaster were dispersed by
the duke of Norfolk. In the
following year they again rose,
but were promptly suppressed
and the leader executed
(1491-1547). See Harry.

Queen Mary.

HENRY (the Second).

King of France, succeeded his
father Francis in 1547. He
married Catherine de Medici,
but was largely under the influ-
ence of his celebrated mistress
Diane de Poitiers, and the
family of Guise. He formed an
alliance with Scotland, and
declared war against England
which ended in 1558 with the
loss of Calais, the last English
possession on French soil, that
city having been in the hands

of the English for 210 years.
Henry was accidentally wounded
in a tournament held in honour
of his daughter's marriage, by
Montgomery, a Scottish noble-
man and captain of the guard,
of which he died on July 10,
1559. It was his fixed in-
tention to destroy all the
Protestants in his dominions,
and his sudden death preserved
him from the execration which
clings to the name of
Charles IX.

Queen Mary.

HENRY BEDINGFIELD.

A Privy Councillor, son of sir
Edmund Bedingfield. On the
death of Edward VI he sup-
ported the cause of Mary, and
was appointed Constable of the
Tower in 1555 in succession
to Lord Williams of Thame,
when the princess Elizabeth
was committed to his keeping
for supposed complicity in the
rebellion of sir Thomas Wyatt.
On the accession of Elizabeth
he retired into private life.

Queen Mary.

HENRY OF ENGLAND. See
Henry (the Second).

HENRY OF WINCHESTER.

Henry of Blois, brother of
king Stephen. Abbot of Glas-
tonbury, where he built a palace
and abbey buildings ; created
bishop of Winchester in 1129,
and procured the throne for his
brother Stephen — whom he
crowned — by guaranteeing the
liberty of the Church.

HEN]

166

[HER

Bccket. Henry of Winchester ?
Henry. Him who crown'd Stephen —
King Stephen's brother ! No ; too royal for
me.

Was suspended from his
bishoprick for advising Stephen
to forbid Theobald's attend-
ance at the papal council at
Rheims in 1148, but obtained
absolution three years later.
Consecrated Becket as primate
in 1 162, and supported him
against Henry II, and on his
deathbed rebuked Henry for
the murder of Becket.

Becket.

HENRY (The Fifth).

King of England, surnamed
Monmouth from the place of
his birth, eldest son of Henry
IV. Henry having laid claim
to the French crown, left the
kingdom in the hands of a
regency, and invaded France,
where he won, in 141 5, a great
victory at Agincourt. Three
years later he married Catharine,
daughter of the French king,
and by the treaty of Troyes got
himself appointed as successor
to the French throne. One
of the most illustrious men of
this reign was sir John Old-
castle, Lord Cobham (q.v.), a
nobleman who had fought with
success in France during the
reign of Henry IV, and a friend
of Henry V. Being a convert
to Lollardism he was sum-
moned by archbishop Arundel
to appear before his court, and
being found guilty of heresy,
Henry had the unpleasant task
of choosing between his old

comrade and the Roman pre-
late, with the result that Cob-
ham was condemned and burnt
to death, December 141 7.

Sir John Oldcastley
Lord, Cobham.

HERBERT (of Bosham).

Born at Bosham, 1162. On
the election of Becket to the
archbishoprick of Canterbury,
Bosham was appointed his
special monitor. Accompanied
Becket to the Council of Tours
(1163), and the Councils of
Clarendon and Northampton
in 1 164. Went with Becket
into exile, and returned with
him in 1 170, but returned almost
immediately to France. He
returned again to England in
1 1 84, and died two years later
and was buried in Bosham
Church. He was the author of
a biography of Becket.

Becket.
HERB-OF-GRACE.

The common rue, a perennial
sufFrutescent plant, with a bitter
taste. Queen Mary.

HERCULES.

My Eustace might have sat for Hercules ;
So muscular he spread, so broad of breast.

Has reference to Hercules,

son of Zeus and Alkmene, the

typical hero of the Greeks.

Dream of Fair Women;

Gardener's Daughter.

HERCULES.

He fasts, they say, this mitred Hercules t
He fast ! is that an arm of fast ?

Bishop Foliot's reference to
archbishop Becket.

Becket.

HER]

167

[HER

HERE.

Wife of Zeus and the queen
of heaven, whose sacred bird
was the peacock. In Greek
mythology the attendant at the
banquet of the gods, whose food
was ambrosia and whose drink
was nectar. In Italian myth-
ology she was identified with
Juno (q.v.).

CEnone ; The Princess.

HEREFORD (Bishop of).

Gerard, archbishop of York,
sent by William II in 1095 on
a secret mission to pope Urban,
from whom he obtained the
despatch of a legate and pallium.
On his return was created
bishop of Hereford, and crowned
Henry I ; translated to York
in 1 1 00; opposed archbishop
Anselm in the investiture dis-
pute, but was repudiated by the
pope, and compelled to profess
obedience to Anselm. He
attempted to consecrate bishops,
and on his death was refused
burial in the minster, but was
subsequently transferred thither
by archbishop Thomas II.
Becket.

HEREWARD THE WAKE.

A yeoman who made a gallant
attempt to rally his countrymen
against the Conqueror. He held
the Isle of Ely for about twelve
months (1070-71), and when
William succeeded in encom-
passing the English, and pene-
trating their camp of refuge,
he cut his way through the
besieging army and escaped.

His subsequent fate is not
certain.

The Foresters.

HERMON HILL.

A mountain on the north-
eastern border of Palestine, over
against Lebanon, and a great
landmark to the Israelites. It
is referred to in many instances
in the Bible, and the mount on
which Christ was transfigured.

The beauty that endures on the Spiritual

height,
When we shall stand transfigured, like Christ

on Hermon hill,

Happy .
HERN.

The Heron.

The Brook ; In Me-
moriam ; Gareth and
Lynette ; Geraint and
Enid ; Lancelot and
Elaine ; The Falcon.

HEROD.

Ah, gentle cousin, since your Herod's death,
How oft hath Peter knock'd at Mary's gate !

HEROD.

Queen Mary.

And so she throve and prosper'd : so three
years

She prosper'd : on the fourth she fell,
Like Herod, when the shout was in his ears,

Struck thro' the pangs of hell.

Ag

Has reference to Herod
rippa in Acts xii. 22-23.

And the people gave a shout, saying, It is
the voice of a god, and not of a man.

And immediately the angel of the Lord
smote him, because he gave not God the glory :
and he was eaten of worms and gave up the
ghost.

Palace of Art.
HEROD-HENRY.

When Herod-Henry first
Began to batter at your English Church,

Refers to Henry VII I's re-
pudiation of the papal authority
in England.

Queen Mary.

HER]

168

[HIL

HERON.

A large water-fowl, with long
sharp bill and long legs and toes.
Happy.

HESPER.

The personification of the
evening star.

Leonine Elegiacs ; Mariana
in the South ; In Me-
moriam ; Locksley Hall
Sixty Tears After.

HESPERIAN.

He smiled, and opening out his milk-white

palm
Disclosed a fruit of pure Hesperian gold,
That smelt ambrosially,

The golden apple that grew
in the fabulous garden of Hes-
perides the daughter of Hes-
perus, or Night, in Africa.
(Enone.

HESPER-PHOSPHOR.

Sweet Hesper-Phosphor, double name

Hesper and Phosphor are two
names for the same star, i.e.
Venus as she is the evening or
the morning star.

In Memoriam.

HESPERUS.

The personification of the
evening-star. The name of a
knight — one of four brothers —
who kept the passages of Castle
Perilous, where the lady Lyonors
was held a prisoner, and who
was overthrown by sir Gareth.
Leonine Elegiacs ; Gareth
and Lynette.

HETAIRAI.

But girls, Hetairai, curious in their art,
Hired animalisms.

A supposed primitive state
of society, in which all the

females of a tribe were held in
common.

Lucretius.
HETTY.

Daughter of the village squire,
supposed to be weak-minded.

An Hetty wur weak i' the hattics, wi'out
ony harm i' the legs,

Village Wife.
HIC JACETS.

The first words on old tomb-
stones— ' Here lies.''

Merlin and Vivien.
HIDALGOS.

Spanish noblemen.

Columbus.
HIGGINS.

A farm labourer.

Promise of May.
HILDEBRAND.

Pope Gregory VII, born in
Tuscany. His youth was passed
at Rome in the monastery
of St. Maria, and afterwards
studying at Clugny became
famous as a preacher. Elected
pope in 1073 ; deposed by the
emperor Henry IV, but Gregory
retaliated by excommunicating
the emperor, and finally com-
pelled him to do penance.
Gregory was however subse-
quently deposed in favour of
Clement III, in 1080, by Henry,
who besieged and captured
Rome, but Gregory was liber-
ated by Robert Guiscard, and
retired to Salerno, where he
died.

Harold.
HILL OF HOPE.

' Brother,' she said, ' let this be call'd hence-
forth
The Hill of Hope : '

Lover's Tale.

HIL]

169

[HOL

HILL OF WOE.

Last we came
To what our people call ' The Hill of Woe.'

Lover's Tale.

HILLS.

A millionaire family.

new-comers in an ancient hold,
New-comers from the Mersey, millionaires,
Here lived the Hills — a Tudor-chimnied bulk
Of mellow brickwork on an isle of bowers.

Edwin Morris.

HISPANIOLA.

The largest of the West
Indian Islands, now known by
the name of Hayti, discovered
by Columbus in 1492. In
1697 the island was ceded to
France, but in 1791 after a
revolution, the natives swept the
island of all Europeans, and
established a republican form of
government.

Columbus.

HO.

they swerved and brake
Flying, and Arthur call'd to stay the brands
That hack'd^among the flyers, ' Ho ! they
yield !.'

A word used by the Heralds to
stop fighting in tournaments
in mediaeval times.

Coming of Arthur.

HOLLY.

An evergreen shrub, with
hard, prickly leaves and red
and yellow berries.

The Princess ; Spiteful
Letter ; In Memoriam ;
Pelleas and Ettarre ; Sir
John Oldcastle, Lord
Cobham.

HOLLY-HOAK.

A rich luxuriant plant, a
favourite in English shrubberies,

with a great variety of colour
in its flower.

The Princess.

HOLLYHOCK.

A kind of mallow, bearing
flowers of various colours.

A Spirit Haunts ; Aylmer's
Field.

HOLMES.

A clergyman present at the
house of Francis Allen, on
Christmas Eve, when a con-
versation on the decay of
Christmas customs and the
Christian religion took place
between some college-friends
assembled round the wassail-
bowl.

The Epic.

HOLOFERNES.

And, couch'd behind a Judith, underneath
The head of Holofernes peep'd and saw.

The Assyrian general in com-
mand of Nebuchadnezzar's
army. As he was besieging
the',town of Bethulia, Judith, a
Jewish heroine, made her way
into his tent and cutting off his
head as he lay asleep, bore it
in triumph to the town. The
subject forms part of the
apocryphal book of Judith, but
it is not mentioned by Josephus,
and is therefore considered
spurious. Judith, a poem, the
authorship of which is unknown,
gives in some 350 lines the
slaughter of Holofernes and
Judith's summons to the
Israelites.

The Princess.

HOL]

170

[HOL

HOLY CROSS.

English cries. Harold and Holy Cross !
Out ! out !

See Waltham.
HOLY ELDERS.

Such times have been not since the light that

led
The holy Elders with the gift of myrrh.

Has reference to the Magi
who were led to Bethlehem by
the Star in the East where they
presented to the new-born
Christ their offerings of gold,
frankincense and myrrh. St.
Matthew ii. 11.

Morte d' 'Arthur ; Passing of
Arthur.

HOLY GRAIL.

The vessel made of emerald
stone, said to have been used
by Christ at the last supper,
and in which Joseph of Ari-
mathaea caught some of the
blood that flowed from His
wounds on Calvary.

The cup, the cup itself from which our Lord
drank at the last sad supper.

The story is, that after Joseph
of Arimathaea had begged the
body of Christ he followed
Philip to Gaul as a preacher,
and being sent across the
Channel to carry the gospel
into Britain, came to Glaston-
bury in Somersetshire. He
brought with him the dish
which was eventually lost, and
the quest of the Grail was
undertaken by several knights
of the Round Table. As the
Knights were seated at the
Round Table at Camelot, a
noise as of thunder was heard
and the palace shook, and there

came from the beam a vision
of the Holy Grail, covered with
white samite and borne by
invisible hands ; all the knights
heard the noise, but only sir
Galahad the pure was permitted
to see it with his bodily eyes,
after which it was borne away
to the holy heavens.

The Cathedral of Genoa is
supposed to contain the Holy
Grail. It is a shallow basin
made of dark green glass, and
was for centuries regarded as
an emerald. It was brought
to Genoa in 1101 a.d. by
Guglielmo Embriaco, a native
of Genoa and a Crusader.
Embriaco invented the movable
wooden towers used at the
siege and capture of Jerusalem
in the First Crusade.

Sir Galahad ; Holy Grail.

HOLY LAND.

=Palestine.
In Memoriam ; Lover's
Tale ; Happy ; The For-
esters.

HOLY ROOD.

The cross or crucifix fixed
over the entrance to the chancel
of a church.

Harold ; Queen Mary ;

Becket ; The Foresters.

HOLY SEPULCHRE.

whereon I vow'd
That, if our Princes harken'd to my prayer,
Whatever wealth I brought from that new

world,
Should, in this old, be consecrate to lead
A new crusade against the Saracen,
And free the Holy Sepulchre from thrall. '

The Sepulchre in which the
body of Christ was laid.

Columbus.

HOL]

171

[HOR

HOLY WAR.

The name given to an expedi-
tion carried on by Christians
against the Saracens in the Holy
Land in the eleventh, twelfth
and thirteenth centuries.

Happy.

HOLY WRIT.

=The Scriptures.
Merlin and Vivien ; Holy
Grail ; Queen Mary ; The
Foresters.

HOMER.

The great epic poet of Greece,
and author of the Iliad and the
Odyssey.

The Princess ; On Trans-
lations of Homer ; Epilogue;
Parnassus.

HOMERIC.

these twelve books of mine
Were faint Homeric echoes, nothing- worth.

Has reference to the poetry
of Homer the famous Greek
poet.

The Epic.

HONEYSUCKLE

A flowering plant with cream-
coloured flowers.

May Queen ; Aylmer's
Field ; Gareth and Lynette;
City Child.

HONG-KONG.

Clag-cloister ; Anatolian Ghost ;
Hong-Kong, Karnac, and the rest.

=the three cities.

To Ulysses.

HONORIUS.

but echo'd on to reach
Honorius, till he heard them, and decreed
That Rome no more should wallow in this

old lust
Of Paganism, and make her festal hour
Dark with the blood of man who mur 'er'd

man.

Flavius Honorius Augustus,
emperor of Rome, second son
of Theodosius. He suppressed
the gladiatorial combats prac-
tised in Rome. It was during
his reign that the persecution
of the pagans began (384-423).
St. Telemachus.

HOOD (Robin).
Robin Hood.

See Robin,

HOOPER (John).

Born in Somersetshire in 15 18,
and became a Cistercian monk
at Gloucester. A study of the
writings of Zwingli con-
verted him to the reformed
faith, and in 1550 he was
created bishop of Gloucester
by Edward VI, but was impris-
oned in the Fleet prison for
objecting to wear the episcopal
habit. In 1552 he was made
bishop of Worcester. On the
accession of Mary he was com-
mitted to the Tower, and after
eighteen months' imprisonment
was tried for heresy, con-
demned to death, and burnt
at Gloucester, February 9, 1555.
Queen Mary.

HOP.

A bitter plant, the cones of

which are much used in brewing.

Aylmer's Field ; The

Princess.

HORACE.

The Roman lyric poet.

Epilogue ; Poets and their
Bibliographies.

HORSELEECH.

Golden Year.

HOR]

172

[HUG

HORTENSIA

On the other side
Hortensia spoke against the tax ;

In 44 B.C. after the assassina-
tion of Julius Caesar there was
formed in Rome a Commission,
called the Commission of Public
Safety. This Commission, hav-
ing declared war against Brutus
(the murderer of Caesar), levied
a war tax on the wealthy ladies
of Rome, but the eloquent
pleading of Hortensia succeeded
in the proposed tax being re-
jected. She was the daughter
of the famous orator Hortensius.
The Princess.

HOUGOUMONT.

this, indeed,' her voice
And meaning, whom the roar of Hougoumont
Left mightiest of all peoples under heaven ?

= Battle of Waterloo.

To the Queen, II.

HOURIS.

Or thronging all one porch of Paradise
A group of Houris bow'd to see

The dying Islamite, with hands and eyes
That said, We wait for thee.

Seventy-two beautiful virgins
of paradise, whose companion-
ship, according to the teaching of
the Koran, is part of the reward
of every faithful Mohammedan
after death. They are pos-
sessed with perpetual youth and
beauty.
Palace of Art ; Promise of May.

HOURS.

But thy strong Hours indignant work'd their
wills,

Three sisters, attendants on
the gods.

Tithonus.

HOWARD (Thomas).

See Thomas Howard.

HOWARD (Lord William). See
William, William Howard.

HOWL.

=Owl.

HOWLABY BECK.

Owd Rod.

But I minds when i' Howlaby beck won

daay ya was ticklin' o' trout,
An' keeaper 'e seed ya an roon'd, an* 'e beal'd

to ya ' Lad, coom hout '

Church-warden and the Curate.

HOWLABY DAALE.

An' 'e kep his head hoop like a king, an' >'d

niver not fown wi' 'is taail,
Fur 'e'd niver done nowt to be shaamed on,

when we was i' Howlaby Daale.

Owd Rod.

HUBERT.

Lover of Miriam Erne, only
child of the late Miriam Erne.
Hubert was spoken of by
Miriam's father as the fairy
prince. On the wedding morn-
ing Miriam asked her father
to wish her joy. He replied,

What need to wish when Hubert weds in
you
The heart of Love, and you the soul of Truth
In Hubert ?

The Ring.

HUGH.

An old knight who had fought
at Agincourt where Henry V
defeated the French in 141 5.
Walter, son of Walter Vivian,
showed to some of his friends
invited to spend the day with
them, some of the articles which
adorned his father's house, and
which had been collected from
all quarters of the globe and
at all eras of history. And
' this ' he said, ' was Hugh's at
Agincourt.'

The Princess.

HUG]

173

[ICE

HUGH (de Morville). See De
Morville.

HUMBER (river).

Harold.

HUNGARY.

Shall I weep if a Poland fall ? shall I shriek
if a Hungary fail ?

In 1848-9 the Hungarians
under Louis Kossuth rebelled
against Austrian rule, but,
with the aid of Russia, were
reduced to subjection.

Maud.

HUNTINGDON (Earl of). See
Robin, Robin Hood.

HUTTERBY HALL.

I could fettle and clump owd booots and

shoes wi' the best on 'em all,
As fer as fro' Thursby thum hup to Harmsby

and Hutterby HalL

Northern Cobbler.

HYACINTH.

A beautiful bulbous-rooted
flowering plant of many varieties.
The hyacinth was fabled to
have sprung from the blood of
Hyakinthos, a youth killed by
Apollo with a quoit.

Balin and Balan ; Guinevere.

HYADES.

on shore, and when
Thro' scudding drifts the rainy Hyades
Vezt the dim sea :

A Greek word meaning the
1 rainers ' ; and a name given
to seven stars in the constella-
tion Taurus ; their rising and
setting simultaneously with the
sun is believed to be attended
with wet weather.

Ulysses.

HYMEN.

In Greek mythology the god

of marriage, son of Apollo ;
represented as a boy with
wings, and carrying in his hand
the marriage torch and bridal
veil. Originally a song sung at
a Greek wedding.

Till Hymen brought his love-delighted hour,
There dwelt no joy in Eden's rosy bow'r !
In vain the viewless seraph ling'ring there,
At starry midnight, charm'd the silent air ;
In vain, the wild-bird caroll'd on the steep,.
To hail the sun, slow-wheeling from the deep ;
In vain, to soothe the solitary shade,
Aerial notes in mingling measure play'd ;
The summer wind that shook the spangled

tree,
The whispering wave, the murmur of the bee ; —
Still slowly pass'd the melancholy day,
And still the stranger wist not where to stray.
The world was sad ! — the garden was a wild f
And man, the hermit, sigh'd — till Woman

smil'd !

Campbell : Pleasures ofiHope, Part II

The Cup.
HYPERION.

' Look where another of our Gods, the Sun,
Apollo, Delius, or of older use
All-seeing Hyperion — what you will —

The name given by the poets
to the Sun.

Lucretius.

IBYCI.

And one an uxor pauperis Ibyci.

Has reference to the wife of
Ibycus, a Greek lyric poet.
Becket.

ICELAND.

An island in the North
Atlantic Ocean.

Harold.

ICENIAN.

An ancient British tribe who
inhabited the present counties
of Norfolk and Suffolk. Under
their queen Boadicea (q.v.)
they rose against the Romans,
destroyed the Roman colonies
of Colchester, St. Albans and
London, and slew 70,000
Romans, but were in turn de-

IDA]

174

[IDA

feated by Suetonius Paulinus
the Roman governor of Britain.
Boddicea.

IDA.

A mountain range in Asia
Minor extending from Phrygia
through Mysia into the Troas.
It was the scene of the rape of
Ganymede and the judgment
of Paris, and the place from
which the gods watched the
battle between the Trojans and
the Greeks. Zeus is said to
have been born here, and it
possessed a temple in honour
of Cybele the Idaean Mother.
The rivers Gramcus, Simois,
Scamander and many other
smaller streams have their
sources in the mountain, hence
Tennyson's epithet of Many-
fountain'd Ida.

(Enone ; Lucretius ; Death
of (Enone.

IDA.

Heroine of The Princess,
betrothed in infancy to prince
Arac. On attaining marriage-
able age she determined to
found a college for women, and
rigidly exclude all men. She
was essentially earnest and de-
voted to her cause for its own
sake, and would undoubtedly
have shrunk from no personal
sacrifice which might have pro-
moted the welfare of her darling
purpose. In her position as
head of the college she was the
embodiment of majestic dignity,
her voice resonant and divine
and formed a striking contrast

to some of the subordinate
members of her staff. In
founding the college her chief
aim was for the betterment of
woman's position. She thought
that the province of woman in
the economy of nature was
intellectual eminence.

Knowledge is now no more a fountain seal'd :
Drink deep, until the habits of the slave,
The sins of emptiness, gossip and spite
And slander, die.'

The prince put on woman's
clothing, and was admitted
to the college as a girl
student. The prince's father
declared war upon the father
of the princess to enforce
the marriage contract, and it
was agreed to settle the quarrel
by a combat of fifty warriors on
either side ; the prince was
beaten and the college was
turned into a hospital for the
wounded men, most of the
girl graduates being ordered
home. The princess remained
to nurse the defeated prince,
with the natural consequence
that in tending him she was
drawn to love him, abandoned
the college, and married her
betrothed.

The Princess.

IDALIAN.

Idalian Aphrodite beautiful,
Fresh as the foam, new-bathed in Paphian
wells,

Idalium, an ancient town in
Cyprus. It possessed a temple
sacred to Aphrodite, from
which she was sometimes called
Idalia.

(Enone.

IDE]

175

[INN

IDEN.

And Thomas White will prove this Thomas

Wyatt,
And he will prove an Iden to this Cade,

Has reference to Alexander
Iden, a Kentish squire who
slew Jack Cade (q-v.) and
brought his head to Henry VI,
for which service he was knighted.
Shakespeare in Second Part of
King Henry VI, Act v. Scene
i, alludes to it :

King Henry. The head of Cade ! Great
God, how just art thou !
O, let me view his visage, being dead,

* » *

King Henry. How art thou call'd ? and

what is thy degree ?
Iden. Alexander Iden, that's my name ;
A poor esquire of Kent, that loves his king.

* • *

King Henry. Iden, kneel down.
Rise up a knight.

Queen Mary.
IDRIS.

Himself beyond the rest pushing could move
The chair of Idris.

A mythical Welsh giant,
whose rocky chair was on the
mount of Cader Idris in
Merionethshire. Tradition says
that any one passing the night
in the chair, would, in the morn-
ing either be found dead or
endowed with poetical inspir-
ation.

Marriage of Geraint.

ILIAD.

The great epic poem by
Homer.

Parnassus.
ILION.

but in front
The gorges, opening wide apart, reveal
Troas and Ilion's column'd citadel,
The crown of Troas.

= The city of Troy, built by
the gods Neptune and Apollo,
for Laomedon, the father of
Tithonus.

(Enone ; Tithonus ; Lucre-
tius ; To Virgil ; Death of
(Enone.

ILLYRIAN.

Illyrian woodlands, echoing falls
Of water, sheets of summer glass,

The coastlands east of the
Adriatic and north of Greece.
To E. L.

IMMANUEL GOLDSMITHS.

A jeweller, whose shop was
ransacked and ' ower a hoonderd
pounds worth o' rings stolen.'
Promise of May.

IND.

and bind with bands
That island queen who sways the floods and

lands
From Ind to Ind,

= India.
Buonaparte ; Queen Mary.

INDIA.

Milton ; A Welcome to Her
Royal Highness Marie Alex-
androvna, Duchess of Edin-
burgh ; To the Marquis of
Dufferin and Ava ; On the
Jubilee of Queen Victoria ;
Defence of Lucknow.

INDIES.

= West Indies.

Columbus ; Queen Mary.

INNISKILLENS.

The second squadron of
Inniskillings, who, with two
squadrons of the Scots Greys
made the famous charge at
Balaclava.

Charge of the Heavy Brigade
at Balaclava,

INQ]

176

[ISL

INQUISITION DOGS.

To these Inquisition dogs and the devildoms
of Spain.

= The Spanish Inquisition
established in 1480.

The Revenge.

IONIAN ARTEMIS. See Ephe-
sian Artemis.

IONIAN FATHER.

And there the Ionian father of the rest ;
A million wrinkles carved his skin ;

= Homer.

Palace of Art.

IONIAN HILLS.

There lies a vale in Ida, lovelier
Than all the valleys of Ionian hills.

May probably refer to the
neighbouring hills of Mysia.

(Enone.
IRAN.

= The Persian empire.

Akbar's Dream.
IRELAND.

Last Tournament ; Harold.
IRIS.

But light-foot Iris brought it yester-eve,
Delivering, that to me,

The daughter of Thaumas
and Electra. She was a virgin
goddess and a messenger of the
gods, and swift as the breeze
with wings of gold. She was
the personification of the rain-
bow.

(Enone ; Achilles over the
Trench.
IRIS.

A genus of plants having
showy flowers and bulbous roots.
In Memoriam.
ISABEL.

Revered Isabel, the crown and head,
The stately flower of female fortitude,
Of perfect wifehood and pure lowlihead.

Has reference to Tennyson's

mother. The poem itself is a
description of her.

Isabel.
ISCARIOT.

That Pontius and Iscariot by my side
Show'd like fair seraphs.

= Judas, surnamed Iscariot,
one of the twelve Apostles,,
who betrayed his Master for
thirty pieces of silver.

St. Simeon Stylites ; Queen
Mary.

ISIS.

For the drift of the Maker is dark, an I sis hid
by the veil.

An Egyptian goddess and
the goddess of procreation and
birth, her symbol being the
cow. Her principal temple was
at Busiris in the Delta of the
Nile. Several feasts were held
in her honour, and there were
also special mysteries of Isis,.
supposed to have been borrowed
from the Eleusinian mysteries
of Demeter.

Maud.

ISLAMITE.

Or thronging all one porch of Paradise
A group of Houris bow'd to see

The dying Islamite, with hands and eyes
That said, We wait for thee.

= Obedience to God's Will,
Palace of Art.

ISLE OF FINN.

Go back to the Isle of Finn and suffer the Past
to be Past.'

= Ireland.

Voyage of Maeldune.

ISLE OF A SAINT.
ISLE OF FIRE.
ISLE OF FLOWERS.
ISLE OF FRUITS.
ISLE OF SHOUTING.

ISL]

177

[IXI

ISLE OF THE DOUBLE TOWERS.
ISLE OF WITCHES.

See Maeldune.

ISLE OF WIGHT.

Yet one lay-hearth would give you welcome
(Take it and come) to the Isle of Wight :

An island in the English
Channel.

To Ulysses ; To Rev. F. D.
Maurice.
ISLIP.

A town near Oxford.

Queen Mary.
ISOLT.

According to the Arthurian
tradition there were two ladies
of this name, Isolt the Fair,
daughter of Anguish, king of
Erin, wife of king Mark (q.v.)
of Cornwall ; and Isolt of the
1 White Hands,' daughter of
Howell, king of Brittany, and
the wife of sir Tristram {q.v.).
It is the latter lady to whom
Tennyson refers.
Last Tournament ; Guinevere.

ISSA BEN MARIAM.

Issa Ben Mariam, his own prophet, cried
' Love one another, little ones,' and ' bless '
Whom ? even ' your persecutors ' !

= Jesus, the son of Mary,
founder of the Christian religion.
Akbar's Dream.
■BUS.

when her Satrap bled
At Issus by the Syrian gates,

A Cilician town, famous for
the victory which Alexander the
Great obtained over Darius,

333 B-c-

Alexander.

ITALY.

The Brook ; The Daisy ;
To Dante ; Queen Mary.

ITHACENSIAN SUITORS.

I ceased, and all the ladies, each at each
Like the Ithacensian suitors in old time,
Stared with great eyes, and laugh'd with
alien lips,

Has reference to Penelope y
wife of Odysseus, king of Ithaca,
who, during the latter's absence
in the Trojan war, was beset
by numerous suitors, assuming
that Odysseus had perished in
the war. Eventually, through
the good offices of Pallas
Athene, Odysseus returned, and
relieved her of her perplexity.
The Princess.

IVIN'.

= Ivy.

Owd Rod ; Church-warden
and the Curate,

IVY.

A plant of the genus Hederay
with dark smooth evergreen
leaves. The stem clings to
walls and trees.

(Enone ; Lotos-Eaters ;

Day-Dream ; The Brook ;

Spiteful Letter ; Marriage

of Geraint ; Lover's Tale ;

Harold ; The Foresters.

IXION-LIKE.

Shadows thou dost strike.
Embracing cloud, Ixion-like ;

Ixion was the king of the
Lapithae, who attempted to
win the love of Juno, but
Jupiter substituted a cloud of
her instead, whereby he became
the father of the Centaurs, and
whom Jupiter punished by
fastening him to an eternally
revolving wheel in hell.

Two Voices.
N

JAC]

178

[JAM

JACHIN.

A brass pillar, signifying sta-
bility, at the entrance to Solo-
mon's temple. I Kings vii. 21.

iphave built the Lord a house — sing, Asaph !

clash
The cymbal, Heman ! blow the trumpet,

priest!
Fall, cloud, and fill the house — lo ! my two
■0 pillars,
Jachin and Boaz ! —

Harold.

JACK.

The man employed by a
farmer named Jocky Dawes to
remove his household belong-
ings from the farm as the house
was supposed to be haunted.
Walking to the Mail.
JACK.

And Jack on his ale-house bench has as many
lies as a Czar ;

See Czar.

Maud.

JACKSON.

A labourer to farmer Dobson.
Promise of May.

JACOBINISM— JACQUERIE.

After madness, after massacre, Jacobinism
and Jacquerie.

Jacobinism. The policy of
the Jacobite faction opposite to
legitimate government. Jac-
querie. A name given to the
French peasants who rose in
revolt against the nobles during
the absence of king John II
of France as a prisoner in Eng-
land in 1358, the leader of
whom assumed the name of
Jacques Bonhomme.

Locksley Hall Sixty Years
After.
JAEL.

And highest, among the statues, statue -like,
Between a cymbal'd Miriam and a Jael,

A Jewish heroine, wife of
Heber the Kenite, who slew
Sisera the captain of the host
of the Canaanites, who after
being defeated by Deborah and
Balak near the brook Kishon,
fled and took refuge in her tent.
See Judges iv.

The Princess.

JAMES.

A friend of the poet Leonard,
also spending a holiday in
Llanberis. He had listened to
the lines written by Leonard
concerning the Golden Age,
and added all in heat,

' What stuff is this !
Old writers push'd the happy season back, —
The more fools they — we forward : dreamers
both:

He declares :

That unto him who works, and feels he works,
This same grand year is ever at the doors.'

Golden Year.
JAMES.

We flung the burthen of the second James.

=We got rid of James II,
declared the throne vacant, and
resisted him by force of arms.
Third of February.

JAMES.

A Protestant who with others
was assembled to see the
burning of Cranmer, who at
the time of the conversation
was set upon a scaffold before
the people.

First Protestant. See how the tears run
f down his fatherly face.
i Second Protestant. James, didst thou

ever see a carrion crow
Stand watching a sickjseast^before'he dies ?

Queen Mary.
JAMES, ST. See St. James.

JAM]

179

[JEN

JAMES WILLOWS.

Cousin of Katie Willows, and
also her lover —

James Willows, of one name and heart with
her.

Katie and her lover quar-
relled, and it was implied that
the narrator, Lawrence Aylmer,
of whom James was jealous,
was the guilty person.

And James departed vext with him and her.

Lawrence, however, did Katie
a good turn by engaging the
attention of her father Philip, so
that she and James had an
opportunity of making up the
quarrel.

' Arrived and found the sun of sweet con ten t
Re-risen in Katie's eyes, and all things well.

The Brook.

JANE. See Jenny.

JANE.

Daughter of Henry Grey,
marquis of Dorset and a dis-
tinguished linguist. The duke
of Northumberland, who had
succeeded Somerset, compelled
her to marry against her wish
his fourth son, lord Guildford
Dudley, and on the death of
Edward VI had her pro-
claimed queen. On the acces-
sion of Mary she was sent to the
Tower, and being condemned
to death was six months later
with her husband beheaded.
Queen Mary.

JAPAN.

To Ulysses.

JAQUES.

Our kindlier, trusties Jacques, past away !

Has reference to Jaques, a
lord attendant on the banished
duke in the forest of Arden. Is

one of the characters in Shake-
speare's As you like it, AIVs
well that ends well, and Henry
V.

To Rev. W. H. Brookfield.

JASMINE.

A shrubby plant, bearing
flowers of a peculiarly fragrant
odour.

Dream of Fair Women ;
Aylmer 's Field ; The Prin-
cess.

JAY.

A bird allied to the crow
family with gay plumage.

My life is full ; Progress of
Spring ; The Foresters.

JEAN.

A priest.

Harold.

JENNY.

Cousin of the speaker in the
poem, and to whose house she
had come with the idea of
making trouble between the
speaker and her lover Willy.
She partially succeeded, being
seen one moonlight night taking
a walk with Willy. On account
of this the speaker suggested
to her lover that they should
part, but Willy said

Sweetheart, I love you so well that your good

name is mine.
And what do I care for Jane, let her speak of

you well or ill ;
But marry me out of hand : we two shall be

happy still.'

Grandmother.

JENNY.

One of a crowd of women
and children assembled on
London Bridge, who were much

JEPJ

1 80

[JOA

against the marriage of Mary
and Philip of Spain.

Queen Mary.

JEPHTHA.

JEPHTHA'S DAUGHTER.

Pale, for on her the thunders of the house
Had fallen first, was Edith that same night ;
Pale as the Jephtha's daughter,

Has reference to the daughter
of Jephtha, who was offered
up to God as a sacrifice. See
Judges xv.

Aylmeis Field ; The Flight.

JEROOSILIM (Jerusalem).

Tomorrow.
JERSEY.

The largest of the Channel
Islands.

First Quarrel.

JERUSALEM.

The capital of ancient
Judaea, and of modern Palestine,
and the scene of many import-
ant events in Biblical history.
Columbus ; Becket ; Promise
of May.
JESSAMINE.
=Jasmine.

Maud.

JESSMINE.

=Jasmine.

Spinste r*s Sweet- Arts.

JESSES.

Yet while they road together down the plain,
Their talk was all of training, terms of art,
Diet and seeling, jesses, leash and lure.

Two short straps round the
legs of a hawk to which was
attached the leash.

Merlin and Vivien.

JILT.

Name of a horse.

The Brook.

JINNY.

Daughter of the village squire.

An' the fever *ed baaked Jinny's 'ead as bald
as one o' them heggs,

Village Wife.

JOAN.

A French maiden, born of
poor parents. Professed to
have been inspired to liberate
France from the English ; and
in 1428 led the French army
to victory, raised the siege of
Orleans and saw Charles VII
crowned king at Rheims on
July 13, 1429. In the follow-
ing year she was captured and
sold to the English, and after
being imprisoned at Rouen
was brought to trial, and
being condemned as a sorceress
was burnt to death, May 30,

H3I-

The Princess ; Romney's
Remorse ; Dream of Fair
Women.

JOAN.

A country wife.

Queen Mary.
JOANES.

Described by an old farmer,
whose strength is fast failing,
as being devoid of sense, and a
person who could be more
easily spared to die than the
farmer himself.

A mowt 'a taaen owd Joanes, as 'ant not a
'aapoth o' sense,

Northern Farmer, Old Style.
JOAN OF KENT.

'twas you
That sign'd the burning of poor Joan of Kent ;
But then she was a witch.

Called the < Maid of Kent,*
born in 1506. When a domestic

JOC]

181

[JOH

servant at Aldington she came
out of an illness in a state of
religious mania, and under the
direction of a monk — sent by
archbishop Warham to examine
her — gave herself out as a
prophetess who had received
inspiration from the Virgin
Mary. Events having falsified
her predictions she was in 1533
examined before parliament,
confessed the imposture and
was condemned and executed
at Tyburn, with other accom-
plices in April 1534. When
brought to the scaffold she
described herself as ' a poor
wench without learning, who
had been puffed up by praises
to her own undoing and that
of her companions.'

Queen Mary.

JOCELYN (Bishop of Salisbury).

No saying of mine — Jocelyn of Salisbury.

=Jocelin de Bohun, bishop
of Salisbury 1142-1184.

Becket.

JOCKY DAWES.

A farmer — tenant of Sir
Edward Head — who removed
from his farm as it was supposed
to be haunted by a ghost

that shook
The curtains, whined in lobbies, tapt at doors,
And rummaged like a rat : no servant stay'd :
The farmer vext packs up his beds and chairs,
And all his household stuff ;

Walking to the Mail.

JOHN.

What amulet drew her down to that old oak,
So old, that twenty years before, a part
Falling had let appear the brand of John —

The tree had been branded with the letters
I.R. (= John Rex or King), denoting that
it had been so marked in the reign of King

John. The marks thus burnt into the bark
of the tree had been concealed from view
by the overgrowth of fresh bark, which, fall-
ing o*f centuries after, had disclosed the an-
cient brand.

Webb : Notes on Ay Inter' s Field.

T. J. M. writing in Notes and
Queries, September 25, 1880,
says :

' that in cutting down some timber in Birk-
land and Billagh, in Sherwood Forest, letters
have been found cut or stamped in the body
of the trees, denoting the king's reign in which
they were so marked. The cyphers were of
the reign of James I., of William and Mary,
and one of King John. The mark of John
was eighteen inches within the tree, and
something more than a foot from the centre ;
it was cut down in 1791. But the middle
year of John's reign was 1207, from which,
if we subtract 120 — the number of years
requisite for a tree of two feet in diameter to
arrive at that growth — it will make the date
of its planting 1085, or about twenty years
after the Conquest.'

J. T. F. in the same issue of
Notes and Queries tells us :

' that a bit of oak bearing the two Roman
letters I.R., was given to his grandfather,
William Fowler, of Winterton, some sixty
years ago, by a gentleman in the neghbour-
hood of Newark. The letters, which are a
little over an inch in height, are cut or branded
directly across the grain of the wood. At-
tached to the fragment is a label inscribed as
follows : —

' This piece of wood was found in an Oak
tree, 15 inches below the bark, and contained
the Initals of King John, who died at Newark
600 years ago.'

Aylmer's Field.

JOHN.

St. John the Evangelist.
Columbus considered the words
in the Book of Revelation, chap,
i, verse I, referred to him.
Columbus.
JOHN.

Let them go.
They go like those old Pharisees in John
Convicted by their conscience, arrant cowards,

=The Gospel of St John.
Queen Mary.

JOHN.

Prince John, afterwards king
of England.

The Foresters.

JOHJ

JOHN.

JOHN OF OXFORD.

Bishop of Norwich ; presi-
dent of the Council of Claren-
don in 1 164 j in November of
the same year — after Becket's
flight — was sent with other
bishops, to the French king
requesting that he would not
receive the archbishop. In
1 1 66 Becket while at Veselay
formally excommunicated him,
but he obtained absolution
from Alexander III. In 11 75
he was appointed bishop of
Norwich by Henry II. His
latter years appear to have
been spent in retirement. He
died in 1200.

Becket.
JOHN.
JOHN OF SALISBURY.

Bishop of Chartres ; secre-
tary to archbishop Theobald
for some years ; fell into dis-
grace with Henry II and
appealed to Becket to intercede
for him ; left England in 11 64
but returned in 1 1 70 after
Becket's interview with Henry
at Freteval. Was in the com-
pany of Becket when the four
knights made their appearance
in Canterbury Cathedral, and
advised Becket to be prudent
in his dealings with them ;
when the actual attack began he
fled and hid himself. After the
murder he supported the in-
clusion of Becket's name in the
calendar of martyrs and wrote
a biography of him with a view
of securing his canonization.

182 [J0S

In 1 1 76 he was appointed
bishop of Chartres. He died
on October 25, 1179, and was
buried in the monastery of
Josaphat.

Becket.

JOHN (Prester) . See Prester John.

JOHN, ST. See St. John.

JOHN THE SWEARER. See
John of Oxford.

JONAH.

' I am the Jonah, the crew should cast me
into the deep,

The Wreck.
JONAH.

I had liefer that the fish had swallowed me
Like Jonah, than have known there were such
devils.

Harold.
JONAH'S GOURD.

In us true growth, in her a Jonah's gourd,
Up in one night and due to sudden sun :
See Jonah iv. 6.

The Princess.
JOSEPH.

of Arimathaea. The story is
that after Joseph of Arimathzea
had begged the body of Christ
he followed Philip to Gaul as
a preacher, and being sent
across the Channel to carry the
gospel into Britain landed with
his boat at Glastonbury.

And finds himself descended from the Saint
Arimathaean Joseph ; him who first
Brought the great faith to Britain over seas ;

Arviragus, a heathen king at
that time welcomed Joseph
and gave him land upon which
to build a church, and he
erected a wattle church on the
site of St. Mary's Chapel,
Glastonbury, which is supposed
to have been destroyed by fire
about i I 80.

JOS]

183

[JUL

' From our old books I know
That Joseph came of old to Glastonbury,
And there the heathen Prince, Arviragus,
Gave him an isle of marsh whereon to build ;
And there he built with wattles from the

marsh
A little lonely church in days of yore,

Joseph brought with him
from the land of Aromat the
Holy Grail, the cup in which
he is said to have caught some
of the blood of Christ, as He
hung upon the cross

but now — the Quest,
This vision — hast thou seen the Holy Cup,
That Joseph brought of old to Glastonbury ?

Upon landing he planted his
pilgrim's staff into the ground,
which took root and grew into
a Holy Thorn, which miracul-
ously blossomed every old Christ-
mas eve until it was cut down
by a puritan soldier who was
wounded in the act. A graft
of the thorn is however sup-
posed to exist.

the good saint
Arimathaean Joseph, journeying brought
To Glastonbury, where the winter thorn
Blossoms at Christmas, mindful of our Lord.

He is the reputed founder
of Glastonbury Abbey — which
includes in the north transept
the Chapel of St. Mary (other-
wise known as St. Joseph's),
and he is said to lie buried on
a hill known as Chalice Hill.

Balin and Balan ; Holy Grail.

JOSHUA.

Than that earth should1 stand at gaze like
Joshua's moon in Ajalon !

The successor of Moses as the
leader of the Israelites. In
the valley of Ajalon, the scene of
a battle between the Israelites
and five Canaanitish kings, he
commanded the sun and the
moon to stand still. Joshuax. 12.
Locksley Hall.

JOSHUA.

What fame ? I am not Raphael, Titian — no,
Nor even a Sir Joshua, some will cry.

=Sir Joshua Reynolds, the
English painter.

Romney's Remorse.
JUDAH.

Not least art thou, thou little Bethlehem
In Judah, for in thee the Lord was born :
See Matthew ii.

Sir John Oldcastley
Lord Cob ham.

JUDITH. See Holofernes.

The Princess.
JUDITH.

But your Judith — but your worldling — she
had never driven me wild. I

Judith was the woman who
had jilted the grandson of the
speaker.

Locksley Hall Sixty Tears
After.
JULIAN.

Cousin and foster-brother of
Camilla, for whom he conceived
a silent love.

I did not speak : I could not speak my love.
Love lieth deep : Love dwells not in lip-
depths.

When Camilla told him of her
love for his friend Lionel his
heart was broken and he lived
a life of solitude. Camilla
married Lionel, but died within
the year. She was buried in an
open coffin in the family vault,
where she was visited by Julian
who embraced her in death.

He rose and went, and entering the dim vault,
And, making there a sudden light, beheld
All round about him that which all will be.
The light was but a flash, and went again.
Then at the far end of the vault he saw
His lady with the moonlight on her face ;
Her breast as in a shadow-prison, bars
Of black and bands of silver, which the moon
Struck from an open grating overhead
High in the wall, and all the rest of her
Drown'd in the gloom and horror of the vault.

As he held her to him,
he felt her pulse beat, she

JUL]

184

[JUN

was alive ; and taking her
into his arms carried her to her
mother's house, where immedi-
ately afterwards her child was
born. Then Julian made a
feast to which Lionel was in-
vited. At the end of the feast,
in accordance with a Persian
custom which showed the
guests the richest treasure of
his host, he brought Camilla
and the babe into the room.
She was reunited to Lionel.

Then taking his dear lady by one hand,
And bearing on one arm the noble babe,
He slowly brought them both to Lionel.
And there the widower husband and dead wife
Rush'd each at each with a cry, that rather

seem'd
For some new death than for a life renew'd ;

And Julian, magnanimous at
the spectacle of their happiness,
without bidding farewell,
rushed from the scene :

' It is over : let us go ' —
There were our horses ready at the doors —
We bad them no farewell, but mounting these
He past for ever from his native land ;
And I with him, my Julian, back to mine.

Lover's Tale.

JULIET.

Gardener' 's Daughter.

JULIUS (the Third).

Pope of Rome from 1550 to
1555. As a cardinal he was
one of the papal legates at the
Council of Trent, and on being
appointed pope sent cardinal
Pole to England to arrange
with Mary as to the best means
of bringing the kingdom again
in subjection to the papal see.
Queen Mary.

JUMIEGES. See Robert of
Jumieges.

JUNO.

In Italian mythology the
wife of Jupiter and queen of
heaven. Her temple at Rome,
which was in the Capitol close
to Jupiter, was one of the most
ancient and venerated. As
queen of the heavens, she pre-
sided over marriage, and parti-
cularly patronised the most
faithful and virtuous of the sex,
and severely punished lewdness
in matrons. She was the goddess
of power and empire, and is
represented sitting on a throne
with a diadem on her head
and a golden sceptre in her
right hand. In another form of
worship she is represented as
clad in a mantle of goat-skin,
bearing a shield and an up-
lifted spear, and accompanied
by a sacred serpent. In Greek
mythology she was identified
with Here. Paris (q-v.), the
shepherd-prince of Troy, was
appointed arbiter to decide
which of the three goddesses
(Juno, Pallas Athene and Venus)
was the most beautiful, and
to which should be awarded
the golden apple, the prize
of beauty. On appearing be-
before Paris she made an
attempt to bribe him, promising
him sovereignty.

She to Paris made
Proffer of royal power, ample rule
Unquestion'd, overflowing revenue
Wherewith to embellish state, ' from many

a vale
And river-sunder'd champaign clothed with

corn,
Or labour'd mine undrainable of ore.
* « »

Still she spake on and still she spake of power,
' Which in all action is the end of all ;
Power fitted to the season ; wisdom-bred

JUP]

185

And throned of wisdom — from all neighbour

crowns
Alliance and allegiance, till thy hand
Fail from the sceptre-staff.'

Paris however decided in
favour of Venus.

A Character ; The Cup.

JUPITER.

In Italian mythology the
lord of heaven, identified with
the Greek Zeus. His chief
seat of worship was the Capitol
at Rome, an earthenware image
being enthroned in the temple,
with a thunderbolt in his right
hand. After existing for 400
years the temple was burnt
down, but was rebuilt with
increased magnificence in B.C.
83. It was again destroyed
by fire a.d. 70, and scarcely
had it been rebuilt by Ves-
pasian when it was again burnt
down a.d. 80 ; but in a.d.
82 Domitian erected a temple
which stood as late as the ninth

century.

The Cup.

KALIFA.

Those cobras ever setting up their hoods —
One Alia ! one Kalifa !

A title given to the successors
of Mahomet.

Akbar's Dream.

KAPIOLANI.

A great chieftainess who
lived in the Sandwich islands
at the beginning of the eigh-
teenth century. She won the
cause of Christianity by openly
defying the priests of the
terrible goddess Peele\ In spite
of their threats of vengeance
she ascended the volcano

[KAT

Mauna-Loa, then clambered
down over a bank of cinders
400 feet high to the great
lake of fire (nine miles round)
— Kilauea — the home and
haunt of the goddess, and flung
into the boiling lava the conse-
crated berries which it was
sacrilege for a woman to handle.
Poet's Note.

Kapiolani.
KARNAC.

Hong-Kong, Karnac, and all the rest.

=The temple of Karnac in
Egypt. To Ulysses.

KATE.

Friend of a little girl Alice,
who is to be ' Queen of the
May.' May Queen.

KATE.

A girl who according to the
description given of her by the
poet bears a very strong resem-
blance to Shakespeare's Kate
— the Shrew. She is described
as woman-soldier.

My woman-soldier, gallant Kate,
As pure and true as blades of steel.

Her lover expresses a wish
that he were an armed and far-
famed knight. Then he thinks
that Kate would accept his
love :

Kate loves well the bold and fierce ;
But none are bold enough for Kate,
She cannot find a fitting mate.

Kate.
KATE.

An attendant on MaidMarian.
The Foresters.
KATEKIN.

Little John. I have lodged my pretty Kate-
kin in her bower.

The Foresters.

KAT]

1 86

[KIL

KATIE WILLOWS.

Daughter and only child of
Philip Willows, and born and
bred amid country surroundings.

A daughter of our meadows, yet not coarse,
Straight, but as lissome as a hazel wand ;
Her eyes a bashful azure, and her hair
In gloss and hue the chestnut,

She was betrothed to James
Willows, her cousin, with
whom she quarrelled. James
was supposed to be jealous of
a certain Lawrence Aylmer,
who afterwards engaged the
attention of Katie's father in
conversation concerning the
farm, so that she and James
had an opportunity of making
up their quarrel. Lawrence
related how at the conclusion
of his conversation with Philip,
he

found the sun of sweet content
Re-risen in Katie's eyes, and all things well.

The Brook.
KATTY'S.

The name of the proprietor
of a grog-shop.

Tomorrow.
KAY.

A Knight of the Round
Table ; son of sir Ector and
foster-brother of king Arthur.
He was a rude and boastful
knight, and delighted in giving
nicknames. He called sir
Brewnor the ' Shocking Bad
Coat ' and sir Gareth he nick-
named ' Beaumains ' on account
of his large hands.

Gareth and Lynette ; Last
Tournament.
KEMBLE.

John Mitchel Kemble, Anglo-
Saxon scholar ; son of Charles

Kemble. Editor of writings
of the Anglo-Saxon period, his
chief works being Codex Diplo-
maticus aevi Saxonici and The
Saxons in England. Made the
acquaintance of Tennyson whilst
at Cambridge and soon after-
wards the poet visited him in
London.

To W. C. Macready.

KENDAL CHURCH.

Have I not met you somewhere long ago ?

I am all but sure I have — in Kendal church—

O yes !

Kendal is a town in Westmor-
land.

Romney's Remorse.
KENT.

Edwin Morris; A Welcome to
Her Royal Highness Marie
Alexandrovna, Duchess of
Edinburgh ; Queen Mary ;
Becket.

KESTREL.

A small species of falcon
allied to the sparrow-hawk.

Boddicea.
KHAN.

A title of a Tartar sovereign
or prince.

Columbus.
KILAUEA.

A lake of fire (nine miles
round) in the island of Hawaii,
the home of the goddess Peele.
It was into this lake that
Kapiolani, the chieftainess of
the Sandwich islands, defied the
goddess by descending and
flinging into the boiling lava
the consecrated berries which
it was sacrilege for a woman
to handle. Kapiolani.

KIN]

187

[LAB

KINGCUP.

=The common buttercup.
Queen Mary ; A Dirge ;
City Child ; Last Tourna-
ment ; Progress of Spring.

KINGSTON.

Wy*tt. Be happy, I am your friend.
To Kingston, forward !

= Kingston-upon-Thames .
Queen Mary.

KINGSTON BRIDGE.

we must round
By Kingston Bridge.

A bridge over the river Thames.
Queen Mary.
KITE.

A rapacious bird of the hawk
kind.

Boddicea ; Promise of May ;
Harold.

KITTEN.

A young cat.

Merlin and Vivien.

KNUT

Or Athelstan, or English Ironside
Who fought with Knut, or Knut who coming

Dane
Died English.

King of Denmark, Norway
and England. After succeed-
ing his father as king of Den-
mark he landed in England and
was chosen king at Southampton.
Edmund Ironside who had been
elected king in 10 16 on the
death of Edward the Confessor
however opposed him so bravely
that an agreement was entered
into at Olney, an island in the
Severn, by which the kingdom
was divided, but Edmund being
assassinated a few weeks after-
wards Knut obtained the whole
of the kingdom. A famous

story is told of him that seated
in a chair on the seashore at
Southampton he rebuked his
flattering courtiers by showing
to them how regardless the
waves were of his kingly power,
and bade them to remember
that the Great Being only was
the One whom the waters and
winds obeyed. In 1027 he
made a pilgrimage to Rome and
founded the monasteries of St,
Bennet at Holme, and St.
Edmund's Bury. He died at
Shaftesbury and was buried in
Winchester Cathedral. Knuts-
ford (' Canute's ford ') a town
in Cheshire is supposed to have
derived its name from this
king (995-1035).

Harold.

KNYVETT. See Antony, Antony
Knyvett.

KORAN.

The Mohammedan bible.

Akbais Dream.

KRAKEN.

Far, far beneath in the abysmal sea,
His ancient, dreamless, uninvaded sleep
The Kraken sleepeth :

A fabulous sea-monster, sup-
posed to have been seen in the
Norwegian seas.

The Kraken.

KYPRIS.

Ay, and this Kypris also —

= Venus.

Lucretius.

LABURNUM.

A small tree with beautiful
flowers, a native of the Alps.
In Memoriam.

LAC]

188

[LAD

LACTANTIUS.

Some cited Old Lactantius : could it be
That trees grew downward, rain fell upward,

men
Walk'd like the fly on ceilings ?

A Christian apologist in the
fourteenth century.

Columbus.

LADY-FERN.

A pretty British fern.

Balin and Balan.

LADY OF SHALOTT.

A beautiful lady who dwelt
in a castle on the island of Shalott.

On either side the river lie
Long fields of barley and of rye,
That clothe the wold and meet the sky ;
And thro' the field the road runs by

To many-tower'd Camelot ;
. And up and down the people go,
Gazing where the lilies blow
Round an island there below,

The island of Shalott.

In this castle she sat and
sang, and wove a web of beau-
tiful silk embroidery in many
colours. In front of her hung
a large mirror, through the
medium of which she viewed
the outside world, as a curse
would fall upon her if she
looked through the window.

There she weaves by night and day
A magic web with colours gay.
She has heard a whisper say,
A curse is on her if she stay

To look down to Camelot.
She knows not what the curse may be
And so she weaveth steadily,
And little other care hath she,

The Lady of Shalott.

One night a bride and bride-
groom passed down the wind-
ing road to Camelot, and as
they strolled along the road
in the moonlight, and she saw
the happiness that shone in
their eyes, a longing sprang
into her heart, and she cried
-out in a passionate voice : ' I
am half sick of shadows.'

Or when the moon was overheard,
Came two young lovers lately wed ;
' I am half sick of shadows,' said
The Lady of Shalott.

Eventually on the path lead-
ing to Camelot came a figure
of a knight. It was sir Lance-
lot, one of the Knights of the
Table Round. On his shield
was the figure of a red-cross
knight kneeling to a fair lady.

A bow-shot from her bower-eaves,
He rode between the barley-sheaves,
The sun came dazzling thro' the leaves,
And flamed upon the brazen greaves

Of bold Sir Lancelot.
A red-cross knight for ever kneel'd
To a lady in his shield,
That sparkled on the yellow field,

Beside remote Shalott.

As sir Lancelot approached
the magic island, singing ' Tirra
lirra,' his reflection fell on the
magic mirror, and the lady
who could no longer resist
the temptation, leaned upon
the sill of the window, and
looked down to Camelot.

Immediately she did so, she
heard a fearful crash, and look-
ing behind her saw the magic
mirror was cracked from side to
side. ' Alas, for my disobedi-
ence ! ' she exclaimed, ' the
mirror is broken. The web
has gone ! The curse is upon
me ! Where shall I go, or
what shall I do ? '

She left the web, she left the loom,
She made three paces thro' the room,
She saw the water-lily bloom,
She saw the helmet and the plume,

She look'd down to Camelot.
Out flew the web and floated wide ;
The mirror crack'd from side to side ;
' The curse is come upon me,' cried

The Lady of Shalott.

Coming to herself she noticed
how differently everything
around her had become, and
leaving the castle, proceeded
to the river where she found a

LAD]

189

[LAM

boat beneath the willows, on
whose prow she wrote in clear
letters : — The Lady of Shalott.

Down she came and found a boat
Beneath a willow left afloat,
And round about the prow she wrote
The Lady of Shalott.

Stepping into the boat, she
gazed for a moment on Came-
lot, and knew her end was near.

And down the river's dim expanse
Like some bold seer in a trance,
Seeing all his own mischance —
With a glassy countenance
Did she look to Camelot.

Lying down in the boat she
crossed her hands upon her
breast, and singing a beautiful
song, allowed the boat to drift
down the stream to Camelot.

And at the closing of the day

She loosed the chain, and down she lay ;

The broad stream bore her far away,

The Lady of Shalott.
Lying, robed in snowy white
That loosely flew to left and right —
The leaves upon her falling light —
Thro* the noises of the night

She floated down to Camelot :
And as the boat-head wound along
The willowy hills and fields among,
They heard her singing her last song,

The Lady of Shalott.

As the boat approached the city
of Camelot no song was heard,
and the curiosity of the people
being aroused at the boat
gliding along by itself they
drew it ashore, only to find in
it the dead body of the princess.
As sir Lancelot drew near and
beheld the beautiful form of
the lady he exclaimed : — * How
peaceful and lovely a face !
God grant mercy to her and to
us too, that we also may lead
pure and noble lives.'

But Lancelot mused a little space;
He said, ' She has a lovely face ;
God in his mercy lend her grace,
The Lady of Shalott.'

Lady of Shalott.

LADY OF THE LAKE.

A mysterious personage She

gave to king Arthur the sword
Excalibur, in recompense for
which she asked for the head
of Balin {q.v.) because he had
slain her brother, but the king
refused the request. ' Ye would
have my head,' said Balin,.
' therefore ye shall lose thine
own,' and smote off her head
in the presence of king Arthur.
She was denoted by the sacred
fish on her breast.

Morte d' Arthur ; Gareth
and Lynette ; Lancelot and
Elaine ; Passing of Arthur..

LAIS.

Becket. Where, my liege ? With Phryne,
Or Lais, or thy Rosamund, or another ?

Henry. My Rosamund is no Lais ,
Thomas Becket;

The name of two Greek cour-
tesans of extraordinary beauty.
One is said to have been born
in Corinth and flourished during
the Peloponnesian war. The
other was a native of Sicily, but
went to Corinth when a child
and is said to have been stoned
to death by the Thessalian
women out of jealousy.

Becket.

LAMB.

=The Saviour of the WorkL
St. Agnes'' Eve ; Columbus.

LAMBERT.

and there was Lambert
Who can foresee himself ?

John Lambert ; became a
convert to protestantism ; chap-
lain to the English factory at
Antwerp; imprisoned 1532, but
released on the death of arch-
bishop Wareham in the same
year ; condemned and burnt

LAM]

190

LLAN

to death for denying the doc-
trine of transubstantiation.
Queen Mary.

LAMBETH.
LAMBETH PALACE.

A London municipal and par-
liamentary Borough. The Palace
is the official residence of the
Archbishop of Canterbury.

Oueen Mary.
LAMECH.

An old song vexes my ear ;
But that of Lamech is mine.

See Genesis iv. 3j.

Maud.
LAMMAS.

Nay — and she will not marry till Richard

come,
And that's at latter Lammas — never perhaps.

= The Greek Kalends, never.
The Foresters.
LANCASTER.

And York's white rose as red as Lancaster's,

= Wars of the Roses between
the houses of York and Lan-
caster.

Aylmer's Field.
LANCELOT.

The son of king Ban and
Helen, and the father of sir
Galahad, the chastest of the 150
knights, who was allotted the
' Siege Perilous.' He was
stolen in infancy by Vivian, the
Lady of the Lake, who threw
him into the water, in conse-
quence of which he was called
sir Launcelot du Lake. He was
the bravest of all the knights
and was honoured by king
Arthur more than all the rest

Then Arthur charged his warrior whom he

loved
And honour'd most, SirJ Lancelot, to ride

forth
And£bring the Queen ; —

He fell in love with Guine-
vere (q.v.)t who ordered him to
slay the knights who kept the
door, but sir Modred escaping
informed king Arthur, who
condemned Guinevere on ac-
count of her unfaithfulness to
be burnt, but when at the stake
she was rescued by Lancelot.
In consequence of this guilty
passion for the queen he was
commanded to avoid the court,
and as king Arthur refused to
be reconciled to him he left
the realm and retired to Ben-
wick. Going one day to joust
at Astolat he left his blazoned
shield in charge of Elaine {q.v.),
the fair maid of Astolat. Being
wounded in the encounter, he
was carefully nursed by Elaine.
Upon being restored to health
he claimed his shield and bid
the damsel good-bye, where-
upon she confessed her love
for him ; but being told that
his love was another's, pined
away and died.

When the news of the ' last
weird battle in the west,' in
which king Arthur received his
mortal wound, reached Lancelot,
he made haste to see his noble
master to seek his pardon for
the injury he had done him.
Upon his arrival he found the
king had passed away, and
kneeling down on the earth
wept and prayed heartily for
his soul. Going in search of
Guinevere he found the queen
in a nunnery at Almesburv
{q.v), and after taking farewell

LAN]

191

[LAR

of her withdrew into solitude,
and for six years led a life of
prayer and fasting. In a vision
he was told that Guinevere was
no more, and hastening to
Almesbury found the news too
true. With reverence and out
of love and gratitude for Arthur
he took the body of the queen
and laid it by the side of king
Arthur in Glastonbury Abbey,
after which he again withdrew
to his lonely cell ; and some
weeks later the spirit of this
bold warrior passed away and
he was buried in Joyous Guard.
Lady of Shalott ; Gareth
and Lynette ; Coming of
Arthur ; Marriage of Ger-
aint ; Balin and Balan ;
Merlin and Vivien; Lance-
lot and Elaine ; Holy Grail ;
Pelleas and Ettarre ; Last
Tournament ; Guinevere.

LANDBIRD.

at length
The landbird, and the branch with berries

on it,
The carven staff

A reference of the nearness of
land which Columbus sighted
on October II, 1492.

Columbus.

LANE (Miriam). See Miriam,

Miriam Lane.

LAPIDOTH.

there on the roofs
Like that great dame of Lapidoth she sang.

Has reference to the Hebrew
prophetess Deborah, wife of
Lapidoth. She joined Barak
in a campaign to deliver Israel
from the tyranny of Jabin, king
of Canaan, and utterly de-

feated the Canaanites under
Sisera near the brook Kishon.
After the victory Deborah and
Barak sang a song of triumph
known as the song of Deborah.
See Judges iv. and v.

The Princess.

LAPWING.

A bird of the plover family
called also peewit.

Locksley Hall ; Queen Mary.

LAR ANDLUCUMO.

Appraised the Lycian custom, spoke of those
That lay at wine with Lar and Lucumo ;

Two titles of honour borne
respectively by priests and
nobles among the inhabitants
of Etruria, an ancient country
in central Italy.

The Princess.

LARCH.

A genus of coniferous trees,
distinct from firs, with erect
and regularly tapering stem,
and small branches.

In Memoriam ; Maud.

LARIANO.

Name of the vessel which
conveyed the poet and his wife
while spending a holiday in
Italy, to the various Italian
ports.

As on the Lariano crept

To that fair port below the castle
Of Queen Theodolind, where we slept ;

The Daisy.

LARI MAXUME.

The rich Virgilian rustic measure
Of Lari Maxume, all the way,

= ' O great Larius ' i.e. *
great Lake of Como.'

The Daisy.

O

LAR]

192

[LAU

LARK.

A well-known singing bird
of the genus Alauda.

Rosalind ; Gardener's

Daughter ; Audley Court ;
Talking Oak ; Day Dream;
Poet's Song ; The Princess;
The Window ; In Me-
moriam ; Gareth and Lyn-
ette ; Lancelot and Elaine ;
Holy Grail ; Lover's Tale ;
First Quarrel ; Northern
Cobbler ; Voyage of Mael-
dune ; Ancient Sage ; The
Flight ; Tomorrow ; Pro-
gress of Spring ; Queen
Mary ; Harold ; The Cup ;
The Falcon ; Promise of
May ; The Foresters.

LATANGOR.

The King Brandagoras of Latangor,
With Anguisant of Erin, Morganore,
And Lot of Orkney.

Coming of Arthur.

LATERAN.

A celebrated church in Rome,
so called from its occupying the
site of the palace of the Laterani
family ; and which was until
1308 the residence of the popes
of Rome. No fewer than five
(Ecumenical councils have met
within its walls.

Harold ; Becket.

LATIMER.

Bishop of Worcester, son of
a Leicestershire yeoman. At
the beginning of the Reforma-
tion was an earnest advocate
of popery, but eventually be-
came a convert to the reformed
faith. Received permission to
preach throughout England,

and his fame reaching Henry
VIII he was commanded to
preach before that monarch,,
who conferred upon him the
bishopric of Worcester in 1535,.
which See he resigned in 1539
because he could not support
the Act of the Six Articles.
Twice under Henry VIII he
was committed to the Tower,,
but was released on the acces-
sion of Edward VI, who would
have restored him to his diocese
but he refused ; assisted Cran-
mer in framing the Homilies
and in completing the work of
the Reformation. In 1555,
upon the accession of Mary, he
was again committed to the
Tower, whence he was with
Cranmer sent to Oxford to
defend his views before a Com-
mission, and being found guilty
of heresy was condemned —
and with bishop Ridley (g.v.)
burnt to death opposite Balliol
College, Oxford, 1555. After
commending his soul to God
he turned to his companion
and exclaimed, ' Be of good
cheer, Master Ridley, and play
the man ; we shall this day
light such a candle in England,,
which by God's grace will never
be put out.'

Queen Mary.

LAUDAMUS.

And then the great ' Laudamus ' rose to
heaven.

The Te Deum Laudamus. A
hymn which forms part of the
morning service in the English
Church. The authorship is

LAU]

193

[LAZ

unknown, though tradition as-
cribes it to St. Ambrose.

Columbus.

LAUNCELOT. See Lancelot.

LAURENCE.

Not thrice your branching limes have blown
Since I beheld young Laurence dead.

A former lover of lady Clara
Vere de Vere, whom she first
loved, and afterwards rejected.
His grief at her conduct pro-
bably hastened his death.

Lady Clara Vere de Vere.

LAVAINE.

A Knight of the Round Table,
brother of Elaine, and son of
sir Bernard, baron of Astolat.
Displayed great bravery in
battle on behalf of King Arthur ;
and afterwards departed to
Brittany with Lancelot who
created him earl of Arminak.
Lancelot and Elaine.

LAWRENCE. See St. Lawrence.
LAWRENCE.

Voice of the dead whom we loved, our
Lawrence the best of the brave :

Sir Henry Lawrence, briga-
dier-general, and chief com-
missioner in Oudh. At the
outbreak of the Indian Mutiny
he was appointed in command
of the troops in Oudh, and was
killed while holding Lucknow
against the mutineers. His
death was a blow to the little
garrison, but they held out until
relieved by sir Colin Campbell.
Defence of Lucknow.

LAWRENCE AYLMER.

Lawrence and Edmund Ayl-

mer were brothers. Edmund
on account of ill health left for
Italy where he died. The
brothers parted by a certain
brook known to both since child-
hood. Near the brook Law-
rence met Katie Willows, a
farmer's only child. She had
quarrelled with her lover James
Willows. Lawrence asked who
had angered James and found
out from Katie's manner that
he himself was the cause of
some little jealousy. He how-
ever succeeded in putting an
end to the quarrel, by engagii g
her father in conversation, while
Katie and her lover met.

The Brook.
LAZARUS.

When Lazarus left his charnel-cave,
And home to Mary's house return'd,
Was this demanded — if he yearn'd

To hear her weeping by his grave ?

Has reference to the raising
from the dead of Lazarus,
brother of Martha and Mary.
John xi.

In Memoriam.

LAZARUS.

When Dives loathed the times, and paced
his land

In fear of worse,
And sanguine Lazarus felt a vacant and
Fill with his purse.

Has reference to the beggar
in the parable of the rich man
and Lazarus. Luke xvi. 19-31.
To Mary Boyle.

LAZARUS (Saint).

By St. Lazarus, no !
I am confounded by thee. Go in peace.

Brother of Martha and Mary,
and reputed first bishop of Mar-
seilles.

Becket.

LEA]

194

[LEN

LEA (Sir Richard). See Richard,
Richard Lea, Richard of the
Lea.

LEA (Walter). See Walter,

Walter Lea.

LEAR.

A legendary British king, hero
of one of Shakespeare's tragedies.
In his old age he divided his
kingdom between two of his
elder daughters, on condition
that each should alternately,
month by month, provide him
with a home. They however
showed him very scant hospi-
tality, whereupon the youngest
daughter Cordelia — who had
been disinherited, and who
had married the king of France,
raised an army in order to de-
throne her sisters, but was de-
feated and put in prison where
she died. The elder sister
then murdered her younger
sister from jealousy, after which
she committed suicide herself.
Promise of May.

LEBANON.

O, art thou sighing for Lebanon

In the long breeze that streams to thy delicious

East,
Sighing for Lebanon,

The lofty mountain-range in
the southern part of Syria.

Maud.

LEBANONIAN CEDAR.

' Madam, he the wisest'man
Feasted the woman wisest then, in^ halls
Of Lebanonian cedar :

A mountain range in Pales-
tine. Originally the mountains
were covered with trees, but
are now almost bare, only a

few of the famous cedars re-
maining.

The Princess.

LEE (Annie). See Enoch, Enoch
Arden.

LEGEND OF GOOD WOMEN.

I read, before my eyelids dropt their shade,
The Legend of Good Women, long ago

Sung by the morning star of song, who made
His music heard below ;

A poem by Chaucer, con-
sisting of nine legends and a
prologue, celebrating the faith-
fulness of the brides of ancient
song : Cleopatra, Thisbe, Dido,
Hypsipyle and Medea, Lucrece,
Ariadne, Philomela, Phillis, and
Hypermnestra.

Dream of Fair Women.

LEICESTER.

The Duke hath gone to Leicester ; Carew stirs
In Devon :

The capital of Leicestershire.
Queen Mary.

LEICESTER (Lord).

Robert de Beaumont, first
earl of Leicester. Was present
at the council of Northampton,
1 1 64.

Becket.
LENNOX (Lady).

Courtenay. — made you follow

The Lady Suffolk and the Lady Lennox ? —
You,
The heir presumptive.

Lady Margaret Douglas,
niece of Henry VIII, who in
1544 married Matthew Stew-
art, earl of Lennox ; planned
marriage between her son lord
Darnley and Mary queen of
Scots ; imprisoned for treason-
able intentions by Elizabeth in
1562 ; released, but again im-
prisoned in 1565 ; released im-

LEN]

195

LEO

mediately after the murder of
Darnley, and at the court of
Elizabeth denounced Mary
queen of Scots for the crime.
Her ambition was realized in
1567 by the accession of her
grandson, James VI, to the
throne of England. She died
in 1578.

Queen Mary.

LENT-LILY.

= the daffodil, as flowering
in Lent.

Gareth and Lynette ; Pro-
gress of Spring.

LEODOGRAN.

King of Cameliard, and
father of Guinevere. King
Arthur rescued him from king
Rience of North Wales. Uther
gave him the famous Round
Table which would seat 150
knights, and when king Arthur
married Guinevere, Leodogran
gave him the table with 100
knights as a wedding gift.

Coming of Arthur.

LEOFRIC.

Abbot Alfwig,
Leofric, and all the monks of reterboro'
Strike for the king ;

A nephew of earl Leofric,
and abbot of Peterborough
1053-66. Was present at the
battle of Senlac.

Harold.

LEOFWIN.

Son of earl Godwin ; accom-
panied his father in exile in
105 1, and returned with him
and was made earl of the present
counties of Kent, Surrey, Essex

and Middlesex. Accompanied
his brother Harold to the battle
of Stamford-bridge in 1066,
and in the same year fought at
Senlac where he was slain.
Harold.

LEOLIN.

A barrister, brother of Averill
the rector of the parish in which
Aylmer's hall was situated ;
he was in love with Edith,
daughter and heiress of sir
Aylmer and lady Aylmer (q.v.).
Aylmer's Field.

LEONARD.

A poet who was spending a
holiday in Llanberis, but was
sought out by his friends. His
morning had been spent in
writing lines concerning a Gol-
den Age that was to be brought
about by the peaceful growth
of commerce binding the nations
together. He said that in the
Golden Year wealth will be
more equally distributed, but
men will not all be reduced, as
in socialistic schemes, to one
dead level.

Golden Year.

LEONARD.

Son of Edith and of the boy
lover in Locksley Hall. He
was drowned at sea when quite
a young man. The speaker,
talking to his grandson, says :

Gone our sailor son thy father, Leonard early

lost at sea ;
Thou alone, my boy, of Amy's kin and mine

art left to me.

Locksley Hall Sixty Tears
After.

LEO]

196

[LIL

LEOPARD.

A rapacious quadruped of the
cat tribe, a native of Southern
Asia and Africa.

The Princess.
LETTY.
LETTY HILL.

Millionaire's daughter, who
fell in love with a visitor to the
lake, but on being found in his
company was forced by trustees
and aunts and uncles to forsake
him and marry Sir Robert (q.v.).
Edwin Morris.
LEVERET.

A hare in its first year.

Audley Court.
LEWES.

Were those your sires who fought at Lewes ?

Battle of Lewes, 1264, be-
tween Henry III and the
barons under Simon de Mont-
fort.

Third of February.
LIBYAN.

' We drank the Libyan Sun to sleep, and lit
Lamps which out-burn'd Canopus. O my

life
In Egypt !

A district in north Africa.
Dream of Fair Women.
LIGHT BRIGADE.

Consisted of the 13th Light
Dragoons, the 17th Lancers, the
nth Hussars, the 4th Light
Dragoons, and the 8th Hussars
commanded by lord Cardigan,
who made the famous charge
at the battle of Balaclava,
October 25, 1854.

Charge of the Light Brigade.
LILAC.

A shrub bearing flowers of a
delicate purple tint.

On a Mourner ; The Princess.

LIMA.

One of the young ladies
engaged at the college founded
by princess Ida, and supposed
to be chaperoned by a certain
aunt Elizabeth. A very lively
sort of person. At the time of
speaking, Lilia with others was
spending a day at the house of
sir Walter Vivian, and during
the afternoon aunt Elizabeth
was slightly offended at the
frivolous behaviour of Lilia and
a certain Walter.

The Princess.

LILIAN.

The subject of a short poem
written in praise of her. She is
described by the poet as resem-
bling a fairy with her vivacious
manner :

Airy, fairy Lilian,
Flitting, fairy Lilian,

Lilian.

LILY.

A genus of plants of many
species, producing flowers of
beauty and variety of colour.
Supposed Confessions of a
Second-rate Sensitive Mind ;
Ode to Memory ; Adeline ;
Lady of Shalott ; (Enone ;
Gardener's Daughter ; Sir
Galahad ; Lady Clare ; To
E. L. ; The Princess ; City
Child ; In Memoriam ;
Maud ; Geraint and Enid ;
Balin and Balan ; Lancelot
and Elaine ; Voyage of
Maeldune ; Ancient Sage ;
Queen Mary ; Harold ;
Becket ; Promise of May ;
The Foresters.

LIL]

197

[LIT

LILY MAID OF ASTOLAT.

Elaine the fair, Elaine the loveable,
Elaine, the lily maid of Astolat,
High in her chamber up a tower to the east
Guarded the sacred shield of Lancelot ;

= Elaine (q.v).

Lancelot and Elaine.

LIME.

The linden tree.

Margaret ; Lady Clare de
Vere ; On a Mourner ;
Gardener's Daughter ; Talk-
ing Oak ; The Princess ;
In Memoriam ; Maud ; To
Ulysses.

LIMOURS.

= Doorm (q.v.).

Marriage of Geraint ;
Geraint and Enid.

LINNET.

A singing bird of the finch
family.

Sir Launcelot and Queen
Guinevere ; The Princess ;
Minnie and Winnie ; The
Window ; In Memoriam ;
Gareth and Lynette ; Guine-
vere ; Lover' s Tale ; Pro-
gress of Spring.

LINT WHITE.

= Linnet.

Claribel.

LION.

A fierce quadruped of the
genus felis found in southern
Asia and in many parts of Africa.
Lady Clare de Vere ; Dream
of Fair Women ; Locksley
Hall ; Aylmer's Field ;
The Princess ; The Daisy ;
Maud ; Gareth and Lynette ;

Balin and Balan ; Lancelot
and Elaine ; Holy Grail ;
The Revenge ; Tiresias ;
Locksley Hall Sixty Years
After ; St. Telemachus ; The
Foresters ; Queen Mary ;
Harold; Becket ; The Cup.

LIONEL. See Julian.

LIONESS.

A female lion.

The Princess ; Demeter and
Persephone ; The Foresters.

LISBON.

The capital of Portugal.
Ode on the death of the Duke
of Wellington.

LITTLECHESTER.

Promise of May.

LITTLE JOHN.

Robin Hood's lieutenant. His
name is supposed to have been
John Little, but standing over
seven feet in height, his com-
panion Will Stutely in merry
mood reversed the names.

O, here is my hand, the stranger reply'd,
I'll serve you with all my whole heart ;

My name is John Little, a man of good mettle ;

Ne're doubt me, for I'll play my part.

* « »

He was, I must tell you, but seven foot high,
And, may be, an ell in the waste ;
» • •

Brave Stutely came then, with seven yeomen,

And did in this manner proceed :
This infant was called John Little, quoth he ;

Which name shall be changed anon :
The words we'll transpose ; so wherever he
goes,
His name shall be call'd Little John.
Ritson : Robin Hood, Vol. II.

He lies buried in the church-
yard of Hathersage in Derby-
shire, the grave being over seven
feet in length. His ' goode
stout bowe of best yew tree '

LIZ]

198

[LON

is preserved at Cannon hall,
near Barnsley.

The Foresters.
LIZARD.

A family of four-footed
reptiles.

CEnone ; Enoch Arden.

LIZARD-POINT.

May never saw dismember thee,

Nor wielded axe disjoint,
Thou art the fairest- spoken tree

From here to Lizard-point.

Headland on the south coast
of Cornwall.

Talking Oak.
LLANBERIS.

we that day had been
Up Snowdon ; and I wish'd for Leonard there,
And found him in Llanberis :

A small town at the foot of
mount Snowdon.

Golden Tear.
LLANBERRIS.

Yet once when first
I came on Lake Llanberris in the dark,
A moonless night with storm —

Sisters {Evelyn and Edith).

LOCKSLEY.

Locksley Hall Sixty Tears
After.
LOCKSLEY HALL.

An imaginary place.

Locksley Hall ; Locksley
Hall Sixty Tears After.

LOCKSLEY SHIELD.

Locksley Hall Sixty Tears
After.
LOCKSLEY TOWER.

Locksley Hall Sixty Tears
After.
LODI.

A town in Lombardy, famous
for the victory of Buonaparte
over the Austrians, 1796.

The Daisy.

LOMBARDY.

Queen Mary.
LONDON (City of).

Edwin Morris ; Locksley
Hall ; Ode on the death of
the Duke of Wellington ;
Boddicea ; Maud ; To the
Queen, II ; Locksley Hall
Sixty Tears After ; The
Dawn ; Queen Mary ;
Harold ; Becket ; Promise
of May ; The Foresters g
To E. Fitzgerald.

LONDON (Bishop of).

Becket.
LONDON BRIDGE.

The first bridge is said to
have been built by the Romans.
In 1008 it was broken down
in the fighting which took place
between Ethelred and the
Danes who had gained posses-
sion of the city of London.
This incident is the subject of
a Scandinavian poem

London Bridge is broken down —
Gold is won and bright renown.

Shields resounding,

War-horns sounding,
Hildur shouting in the din !

Arrows singing,

Mail-coats ringing —
Odin makes our Olaf win ! '

Under William Rufus the
bridge was repaired, but during
the Kentish rising in 1471 it
was attacked by the Kentish
men under the leadership of
Thomas Fauconberg. During
the last 700 years it has been
destroyed and rebuilt on several
occasions ; the present struc-
ture dating from 1831.

There is an old song entitled
London Bridge, the authorship

LOT]

199

[LOU

of which is unknown. Several
versions of this song are given.
Rodwell's version in his Old
London Bridge commences : —

London Bridge is broken down ;

Dance o'er, Lady Lea.
London Bridge is broken down

With a gay La-dee.

while John o' London's trans-
lation in his London Stories is :

London Bridge is broken down ;

Dance over, my Lady Lee.
London Bridge is broken down

With a gay Ladye.

A later version is as follows : —

London Bridge is broken down ;

Dance over my Lady Lee.
Old King Lud he built it first,
Built it firm of posts and planks ;
Julius Caesar built it next ;
Caesar marched through London Town,
When Duke Brutus killed him dead.
Good St. Olave dinged it down ;
So he saved us from the foe ;
So we built his holy shrine.
Norman William built it up,
Built it strong of wood and iron ;
He was crowned in London Town.
London Bridge is broken down ;
Who will build it up again ?
We must build it up again.
How shall we build it up again ?

Queen Mary.

LOT.

King of Orkney, married
Bellicent, daughter of Gorlois,
lord of Tintagel Castle, Corn-
wall. Father of sir Gawain
and sir Modred. Made war
on king Arthur on several
occasions, notably that of the
great battle of the kings.
Allied himself with Nero,
brother of King Rience of
North Wales against Arthur
and in the battle which ensued
was slain by Pellinore. In
Geoffrey of Monmouth he is
called king of Norway.

Coming of Arthur ; Gareth
and Lynette ; Balin and
Balan ; Lancelot and
Elaine.

LOTOS— LOTUS

A low thorny shrub, a native
of Northern Africa, fabled by
the ancients to make strangers
who ate of it to forget their
native country, or lose all desire
to return to it.

(Enone ; Lotos-Eaters ;
Akbar's Dream.

LOTOS-EATERS.

And round about the keel with faces pale,
Dark faces pale against that rosy flame,
The mild-eyed melancholy Lotos-eaters came.

A race of people who lived
in Cyrenaica, a district on the
north and north-east coast of
Africa (Tripoli and Tunis),
who lived on the fruit of the
lotos tree.

Lotos-Eaters.
LOTOS-LAND.

In the hollow Lotos-land to live and lie re-
clined

On the hills like Gods together, careless of
mankind.

The north and north-east
coast of Africa.

Lotos-Eaters.
LOT'S WIFE.

see how you stand

Stiff as Lot's wife,

See Genesis xix. 26.

The Princess.

LOTUS. See Lotos.

LOUIS.

LOUIS OF FRANCE.

Son of Louis VI, whom he
succeeded in 1 1 37. Engaged in
a crusade but was defeated by
Saladin. Having divorced his
wife Eleanor, she married Henry
II of England by which the
provinces of Poitou and Guienne
were annexed to the English
crown. This produced war
between England and France

LOV]

200

[LUD

which lasted twenty-one years
(11 20-1 1 80).

Becket.

LOVER'S BAY.

LOVER'S LEAP.

Lover's 'Tale.

Lover's Tale.

LUC1LIA. See Lucretius.

LUCIUS JUNIUS BRUTUS.

Son of Junius and Tarquinia,
sister of Superbus. When Tar-
quin put his brother to death
Brutus pretended to be an
idiot, hence his name, meaning
' stupid.' When the public
indignation was aroused on
account of the foul outrage on
Lucretia by Tarquin's son, he
raised a revolt and expelled
the tyrant from Rome. In 509
he became the first consul of
Rome and sentenced to death
his two sons found guilty of
conspiring to restore the mon-
archy and in the same year
was killed in an attack led on
by Aruns, son of Tarquin.
The Princess.
LUCKNOW.

City in British India, and
capital of the district of Luck-
now and of the old province
of Oudh. During the Indian
Mutiny it underwent a siege
of six months at the hands of
the mutineers. It was relieved
by sir Colin Campbell.

Defence of Lucknow.

LUCRETIUS.

Lucilia, wedded to Lucretius, found
Her master cold ;

The poem portrays the rav-
ings of the maddened Lucre-
tius. His wife, Lucilia, not
being satisfied with her hus-
band's conduct towards her,
mixed a love-philtre and min-
gled it with his drink. At one
moment he cursed, and the
next revelled in, the animal
passion.

— how the sun delights
To glance and shift about her slippery sides,
And rosy knees and supple roundetlness,
And budded bosom-peaks —

He raved against love and the
gods, and lashing himself into a
frenzy committed suicide.

Lucretius.

LUCULLUS.

that Lucullus or Apicus might have sniffed
it in their Hades of heathenism,

A Roman general and epicure,
who distinguished himself in
the war against Mithridates,
and who was celebrated for
the luxurious life he lived at
Rome. For placing before him
one day a less sumptuous feast
than usual he reprimanded his
servant, remarking :

' Are you aware, sirrah, that Lucullus dines
with Lucullus to-day ? '

Becket.
LUCUMO. See Lar.

LUCY.

Daughter of the village squire.
She was supposed to have an
ungainly deportment.

An' Lucy wur laame o' one leg, sweet- 'arts

she niver 'ed none —
Straange an' unheppen Miss Lucy ! we naamed

her ' Dot an' gaw one ! '

Village Wife.

LUDGATE.

A famous London gateway
supposed to have been built by

LUN]

201

[LYN

Lud, king of the Britons, who
lies buried beneath the gate.
Queen Mary.

LUNNON (London).

Northern Farmer, Old Style ;
Promise of May.

LURE.

Yet while they rode together down the plain,
Their talk was all of training, terms of art,
Diet and seeling, jesses, leash and lure.

A decoy, used in falconry for
training the hawk.

Merlin and Vivien.

LUSCOMBE.

A farm labourer.

Promise of May.

LUSITANIAN.

But such whose father-grape grew fat
On Lusitanian summers.

as Lusitania, the ancient
name for Portugal.

Will Water-proofs Lyrical
Monologue.

LUTHER.

The ghosts of Luther and Zuinglius fade
Into the deathless hell which is their doom
Before my star !

Has reference to Martin Lu-
ther, the protestant reformer.

To J. M. K. ; Queen Mary.
XUTTERWORTH.

Not least art thou, thou little Bethlehem
In Judah, for in thee the Lord was born ;
Nor thou in Britain, little Lutterworth,
Least, for in thee the word was born again.

A town in Leicestershire, the
church of which John Wycliffe
was Rector from 1374 tn^ ms
death in 1384. He was buried
there, but in 1428 his remains
were exhumed and burned, and
the ashes cast into the river
Swift that flows through Lutter-
worth on its course to the Avon.

' the little river conveyed Wyclifl's remains
into the Avon, Avon into the Severn, Severn
into the narrow seas, they to the main ocean.
And thus the ashes of Wyclifi e are the emblem
of his doctrine, which now is dispersed all the
world over.'

Thomas Fuller.

Sir John Oldcastle,
Lord Cob ham.

LYCIAN CUSTOM.

Appraised the Lycian custom, spoke o those
That lay at wine with Lar and Lucumo :

The ' custom ' referred to
here is that the Lycians, in-
habitants of the country of
Lycia in Asia Minor took their
names from their mothers and
not their fathers, and always
reckoned their ancestry in the
female line.

The Princess.

LYDIAN CARPETS.

Lay down the Lydian carpets for the king.

Lydia was a country of Asia
Minor and as early as 700 B.C.
was a powerful empire and a
centre of religion and culture.
It was noted for its music, its
purple dyes, and the weaving of
carpets in colours and patterns.
The Cup.

LYDIAN LAUGHTER.

as we wander'd to and 'fro
Gazing at the Lydian laughter of the Garda

Lake below
Sweet Catullus's all-but-island,

= Soft, melodious, as the
ancient Greek mode of music
known as Lydian.

Frater Ave Atque Vale.

LYNETTE.

Sister to the lady Lyonors.
She was a high-spirited girl and
exceedingly proud, a fact of
which she was reminded by the
peacock in his pride that ladies

LYN]

202

[MAD

should be of a loving and gentle
disposition.

And there they placed a peacock in his pride
Beside the damsel, and the Baron set
Gareth beside her, but at once she rose.

Lynette went to king Arthur
to ask for a knight to deliver
her sister Lyonors (q.v.) from
the tyranny of four knights who
held her prisoner in Castle
Perilous.

Gareth and Lynette.

LYNX.

An animal resembling the
common cat ; with a short tail
and ears tipped with pencils
of hair.

Becket.

LYONESSE— LYONNESSE.

Considered to have been a
country uniting the Scilly
islands with western Cornwall,
and now covered by the sea.
The ' last weird battle in the
west ' between king Arthur and
sir Modred is supposed to
have been fought here.

Then rose the King and moved his host by

night,
And ever push'd Sir Modred, league by league,
Back to the sunset bound of Lyonnesse —
A land of old upheaven from the abyss
By fire, to sink into the abyss again ;
Where fragments of forgotten peoples dwelt,
And the long mountains ended in a coast
Of ever-shifting sand, and far away
The phantom circle of a moaning sea.

Morte d' 'Arthur ; Lancelot
and, Elaine ; Last tourna-
ment ; Merlin and Vivien ;
Guinevere ; Passing of
Arthur.

LYONORS.

The lady of Castle Perilous,
where she was held captive by
four knights. Her sister, the
lady Lynette, went to king

Arthur to ask for a knight to
deliver her from the tyrants.
The king gave the quest to sir
Gareth (q>v.) who overcame
the knights and liberated the
lady, whom according to Malory
he married. Tennyson however
makes Gareth marry Lynette.

And he that told the tale in older times
Says that Sir Gareth wedded Lyonors,
But he, that told it later, says Lynette.

Gareth and Lynette.

MACAW.

A tropical bird of the parrot
tribe, with long tail and a
hooked jaw.

Day -Dream.

MAGHREE.

An' shure thin ye'll meet me tomorra ? '
' Tomorra, tomorra, Machree ! '

Tomorrow.
MACREADY.

A famous tragedian ; was
manager of Covent Garden,
and afterwards of Drury Lane
Theatres. He was a friend
of Tennyson, and on his retire-
ment from the stage the poet
addressed the following sonnet
to him :

Farewell, Macready, since to-night we part

Full-handed thunders often have confessed

Thy power, well used to move the public

breast.

We thank thee with our voice and from the

heart.
Farewell, Macready, since this night we part.
Go, take thine honours home ; rank with

the best,
Garrick and statelier Kemble, and the restr
Who made a nation purer thro' their art.
Thine is it that our drama did not die,

Nor flicker down to brainless pantomime,
And those gilt gauds men-children swarm to
see.
Farewell, Macready ; moral, grave, sublime ;
Our Shakespeare's bland and universal eye
Dwells pleased, thro' twice a hundred years, on
thee.

To W. C. Macready.

MADELINE.

Described by the poet as a

MAE]

203

[MAT

person of an ever-changing
mood. He speaks of her as
1 Ever-varying Madeline,' and
remarks that her smiles and
frowns seem to be part of each
other.

Thy smile and frown are not aloof

From one another,
Each to each is dearest brother ;

Madeline.
MAELDUNE.

The hero of an Irish legend
a.d. 700. He was the son of
Owenacht of Aran, but before
his birth his father was killed
by a band of robbers. When
he had grown to manhood he
determined to seek out his
father's murderers, and with
a crew of some fifty men set
out on his voyage. The vessel
was blown away from the coast
of Ireland, probably amongst
the Hebrides, and they visited
islands, — described by the poet
as the Isle of a Saint, the
Bounteous Isle, Isle of Fire,
Isle of Flowers, Isle of Fruits,
Isle of Shouting, Isle of the
Double Towers, the Isle of
Witches, and the Silent Isle —
which abounded with mon-
strous animals, fruits, shouting
birds, and biting horses of
gigantic size, lakes of fire and
of witches. Eventually they
came to a bare rock upon which
was a fortress where lived his
father's murderers, but instead
of slaying them, he forgave
them in thankfulness to God
for having delivered him from
so many perils.

Voyage of Maeldune.

MAGDALEN.

A character in Queen Mary.
Queen Mary.

MAGDALEN (Saint Mary).

Becket.

MAGEE (Molly). See Dan, Danny
O'Roon.

MAGPIE.

A bird of the genus Pica,.
allied to the jay.

To Rev. F. D. Maurice.

MAHOMET.

till warming with her theme
She fulmined out her scorn of laws Salique
And little-footed China, touch'd on Mahomet
With much contempt, and came to chivalry :

Probably refers to the system
of Islam, which permits poly-
gamy, or to the general idea
that Mahomet considered that
women have no souls.

The Princess.

MAHOUND.

The corrupt form of the name
Mahomet used by old writers.
Becket ; The Foresters.

MAID MARIAN.

Supposed to have been the
daughter of sir Richard Lea,
who assumed the name of Maid
Marian while Robin Hood re-
mained in a state of outlawry.
She is frequently mentioned
as the paramour of Robin
Hood. She was supposed to
have been poisoned at Dunmow
Priory by order of king John,
because she rejected him.

Queen Mary ; The Foresters.

MAID OF ASTOLAT.

Elaine the fair, Elaine the loveable,
Elaine, thejily maid of Astolat,

MAI]

204

MAR

High in her chamber up a tower to the east
Guarded the sacred shield of Lancelot ;

See Elaine.

Lancelot and Elaine.

MAIDSTONE.

The county town of Kent,
situated on the river Medway.
Queen Mary.

MAIDSTONE MARKET.

Queen Mary.

MALET.

William Malet of Graville
in Normandy and a companion
of the Conqueror. Was sheriff
of York till 1068, taken prisoner
at the capture of York in 1069,
but subsequently released.

Harold.

MALLEOR.

or him
Of Geoffrey's book, or him of Malleor's,

= Sir Thomas Malory, author
of Morte dy Arthur.

To the Queeny II.

MALLOW.

A plant which grows on
marshy or moist soils.

The Brook.

MALVOISIE.

= Malmsey, a sweet wine
from Crete, Canary Islands,
and the Azores.

The Foresters.

JKAMMON.

He believed
This filthy marriage-hindering Mammon

made
The harlot of the cities :

Has reference to the Syrian
god of wealth, and wishes to con-
vey that persons prevented from
marrying on account of material

wealth are apt to fall into
dissipation.

Aylmer's Field.

MAMMONITE MOTHER.

When a Mammonite mother kills her babe
for a burial fee,

The mother subscribes to
an Insurance Society and then
murders her child in order to
get its funeral expenses.

Maud.

MANCHESTER.

Tho' niggard throats of Manchester may bawl
What England was, shall her true sons forget ?

Has reference to the ' School
of Manchester ' who protested
against the Crimean war.

Third of February.

MANSFIELD.

A town in Nottinghamshire.
The Foresters.

MANTOVANO.

I salute thee, Mantovano, I that loved thee

since my day began,
Wielder of the stateliest measure ever moulded

by the lips of man.

Has reference to Virgil, the
Latin poet, who was born near
Mantua.

To Virgil.

MAP. See Walter Map.

MARAH.

Becket. Breaking already from thy novi-
ciate
To plunge into this bitter world again —
These wells of Marah.

See Exodus xv. 23.

Becket.

MARGARET.

Represented by the poet as a
pale, delicate and pensive girl,
and also appears at times to be
given to melancholy. He com-
pares her to the calm sea, and

MAR]

205

[MAR

also speaks of her as the evening
star.

alway
Remaining betwixt dark and bright :

Margaret.
MARGARET.

Friend of a little girl Alice, who
is to be ' Queen of the May.'
May Queen.
MARGARET.

The three year old daughter
of a city clerk, gently born and
bred, who with his wife and
child was spending a holiday
at the sea-side. The mother
rocked Margaret's cradle, sing-
ing her to sleep with the well-
known slumber song :

' What does little birdie say.'

Sea Dreams.
MARGERY.

Daughter of a poor woman,
who received permission from
the priest, Father Philip, to
send her daughter into the
world to earn her own living
as a bower-maid. Margery re-
lated ' he asked our mother if
I could keep a quiet tongue i'
my head, and not speak till I
was spoke to.' Fulfilling these
conditions she was to be ad-
vanced into the service of a
great lady, namely Rosamund
de Clifford, paramour of Henry
the Second. It was Margery,
however, who first disclosed to
Rosamund the secret fact of
Henry's marriage to Eleanor
of Aquitaine. The news caused
great grief to Rosamund. Mar-
gery left the bower, singing :

Bee mustn't buzz,
Whoop — but he knows.

Becket.

MARIA.

Pole. Ave Maria, gratia plena, Benedict*'
tu in mulieribus.

= Virgin Mary.

Queen Mary.

MARIAM (ISSA BEN). See Issa
Ben Mariam.

MARIAN. See Maid Marian.

MARIAN.

The dead wife of a friend in
the poem. He induced him to
leave London, and come to
spend a few days with him
at his country home.

Is memory with your Marian gone to rest,
Dead with the dead ?

The writer thought that a
change of scenery would be some
consolation to him in his grief
for his wife Marian.

To Mary Boyle.

MARIE.

MARIE ALEXANDROVNA.

Only daughter of Alexander
II, czar of Russia, married to
the duke of Edinburgh, second
son of the late queen Victoria,,
at St. Petersburg, January 23,
1874.

A Welcome to Her Royal
Highness Marie Alexandrov-
na, Duchess of Edinburgh.

MARK.

of Tintagel Castle, king of Corn-
wall. He was a man of vice and
treachery, and was hated by all
the Knights of the Round
Table. He sent an envoy to
king Arthur bearing a costly
cloth of gold as a gift to the
king, with a request that Arthur'

MAR]

206

[MAR

would knight him, as he had
knighted Tristram, but the
king rejected with scorn both
the gift and the request.

Then came in hall the messenger of Mark,
A name of evil savour in the land,
The Cornish king. In either hand he bore
What dazzled all, and alone far-off as shines
A field of charlock in the sudden sun
Between two showers, a cloth of palest gold,
Which down he laid before the throne, and

knelt.
Delivering, that his lord, the vassal king,
Was ev'n upon his way to Camelot ;
For having heard that Arthur of his grace
Had made his goodly cousin, Tristram, knight,
And, he himself was of the greater state,
Being a king, he trusted his liege-lord
Would yield him this large honour all the

more ;
So pray'd him well to accept this cloth of gold,
In token of true heart and fealty.

Then Arthur cried to rend the cloth, to rend
In pieces, and so cast it on the hearth.

Being jealous of the popu-
larity of his brother Boudwin
he murdered him. He married
Isolt, daughter of king Anguish
of Ireland. He plotted against
his nephew Tristram (q.v .), who
had married Isolt, daughter
of Howell, king of Brittany,
and finally slew him whilst
Rallying with his wife.

He spoke, he turn'd, then, flinging round her

neck,
Claspt it, and cried ' Thine Order, O my

Queen ! '
But, while he bow'd to kiss the jewell'd throat,
Out of the dark, just as the lips had touch'd,
Behind him rose a shadow and a shriek —
' Mark's way,' said Mark, and clove him thro'
the brain.

Gareth and Lynette ; Balin
and Balan ; Merlin and
Vivien ; Last Tournament.

MARK ANTONY.

Marcus Antonius, son of Mar-
cus Antonius Creticus and Julia,
sister of Julius Caesar. He
became consul with Caesar
44 B.C., whom he accompanied
to Gaul. When Caesar was
murdered on the Ides of March
he formed a triumvirate and

defeated Brutus and Cassius at
Philippi. Fell in love with
Cleopatra, with whom he lived
in luxury in Egypt. Eventu-
ally he was deposed by the
Triumvirate and war being
proclaimed he was defeated
in a naval engagement off
Actium, by Octavius, B.C. 31.
His outburst against Cleo-
patra after his defeat is de-
picted in Shakespeare's Antony
and Cleopatra, Act iv. Scene xii.

All is lost ;
This foul Egyptian hath betrayed me :
My fleet hath yielded to the foe ; and yonder
They cast their caps up and carouse together
Like friends long lost. Triple-turn'd whore !

'tis thou
Hast sold me to this novice ; and my heart
Makes only war on thee.

and when she has left him, he
proceeds :

'Tis well thou'rt gone,
If it be well to live ; but better 'twere
Thou fell'st into my fury, for one death
Might have prevented many. Eros, ho !
The shirt of Nessus is upon me :

Twelve months later he com-
mitted suicide (83-30 B.C.).

Dream of Fair Women.

M ARRIS (Bessy). See Bessy
Marris.

MARS.

The Roman god of war. He

was regarded as the father of

Romulus, the founder of Rome.

Maud ; Locksley Hall Sixty

Tears After.

MARSH-DIVER.

The Princess.

MARSH-MARIGOLD.

A genus of plants of the
Ranunculus order, having large
yellow flowers, common in
marshes.

Queen Mary.

MAR] 2°7

MARY.

But ' Ave Mary,' made she moan,
And ' Ave Mary,' night and morn,

= ' Hail Mary,' a prayer to
the Virgin Mary.

Mariana in the South ;
Harold; "The Foresters.

MARY.

One of four girl friends
spoken of by Alice, the ' Queen
of the May.'

May Queen.

MARY.

When Lazarus left his charnel-cave,
And home to Mary's house return'd,
Was this demanded — if he yearn'd

To hear her weeping by his grave ?

Sister of Martha and Lazarus.

[MAR

In Memoriam.
MARY.

The silver year should cease to mourn and
sigh —

Not long to wait —
So close are we, dear Mary, you and I

To that dim gate.

= Mary Boyle, to whom the
Progress of Spring is dedicated.
To Mary Boyle.
MARY.

Wife of Romney, the great
painter, who married when he
was only nineteen. Sir Joshua
and other artists remarked to
him that marriage spoiled an
artist, and almost immediately
he forsook his wife and young
child, and scarcely saw them
until the close of his life. When
old and weary and desolate
he returned to her, who received
him kindly and nursed him until
he died. Before his death he
implored for her forgiveness,
and said he

lost
Salvation for a sketch.

Romney's Remorse.

MARY.

Queen of England, daughter
of Henry VIII and Catherine
of Aragon. On the death of
Edward VI she was proclaimed
queen. The duke of Northum-
berland had however induced
Edward VI to set aside Henry's
will in favour of lady Jane Grey,
who had married his son, lord
Guildford Dudley, but the
country favoured Mary and
she entered London in triumph
on July io, 1553. Northum-
berland and others were exe-
cuted, including lady Jane Grey
and her husband, and the
Roman Catholic religion was
again restored. The unpopu-
larity of the proposal to marry
Philip of Spain brought about
the rebellion of sir Thomas
Wyatt, which was crushed with
severity, and the princess Eliza-
beth being suspected was com-
mitted to the Tower, and
afterwards removed to Wood-
stock. In 1555 persecution
broke out which gave her the
name of ' Bloody Mary,' some
300 persons, including Cran-
mer, Ridley and Latimer being
sent to the stake. At the
instigation of Philip she de-
clared war with France, with
the result that Calais was lost
to England. During the last
years of her reign she suffered
from ill-health, and her un-
happy and childless marriage,
aggravated by the loss of
Calais, produced a fever of
which she died on November

MAR]

208

[MAU

17, 1558, and with her ended the
domination of the papal power
in England.

Queen Mary.

MARY.

MARY MORRISON.

The lover, and eventually
the wife of William, son of farmer
Allan.

Dora.

MARY OF ENGLAND. See Mary
(Queen of England).

MARY OF SCOTLAND.
Scots (Mary, Queen of).

See

MASTIFF.

A large dog.

Promise of May.

MATILDA (or Maud).

Daughter of Henry I of
England. Married in 1114 to
the emperor Henry V, and after
his death in 11 28 to Geoffrey
Plantagenet. On the death of
her father, her cousin Stephen
(q.v.) became king, and civil
war broke out. In 1 139 she
arrived in England from Nor-
mandy, defeated and took
Stephen prisoner at the battle
of Lincoln, but being defeated
herself she fled to Normandy.
In 1 153 a peace was concluded
by which it was agreed that
Matilda's son Henry should be
Stephen's successor.

Becket.

MAUD.

Daughter of a man who by
speculation came into possession
of a hall and certain estates.

The son of the ruined man
thought of leaving the hateful
neighbourhood, but as Maud,
the playmate of his youth, re-
turned to the hall, he remained..
Maud was perfectly beautiful,
but her face was expression-
less. She grew to love the
playmate of her youth, to whom
she had been betrothed since
birth. Her harsh brother for-
bade all intercourse, but her
lover invited her to meet him in
the garden, using the lovely lyric,.

' Come into the garden, Maud.

The trysting-place was how-
ever discovered by her brother
and a certain young lord. High
words ensued, followed by a
duel. Maud's brother was shot
dead — and the lover fled to
the Breton coast. The news
of Maud's death reached him
and he fell into the apathy of
despair.

Maud.

MAURICE (Rev. Frederick Deni-
son).

Theologian and social re-
former and friend of the poet-
Son of a Unitarian minister,
in 1 81 2 went to Trinity College,.
Cambridge, and founded — in
conjunction with Sterling — the
Apostles Club ; in 1834 Pro"
ceeded to Oxford and took his
degree ; appointed chaplain of
Guy's Hospital 1837; and
from 1846-53 was Professor
of Theology at King's College,,
having in the meantime ap-
peared before the principal

MAU]

209

[MEL

to answer the charges of hetero-
doxy brought against him in the
Quarterly Review.

For, being of that honest few,
Who give the Fiend himself his"due,

Should eighty thousand college- councils
Thunder ' Anathema,' friend, at you ;

Should all our Churchmen foam in spite f -: :7<
At you, so careful of the right, ^

Yet one lay-hearth would give you welcom
(Take it and come) to the Isle of Wight ;

In 1852 he was godfather to
Hallam Tennyson.

Come, when no graver cares employ,
Godfather, come and see your boy :

Your presence will be sun in winter,
Making the little one leap for joy.

In the following year upon
the publication of his Theolo-
gical Essays was, by the Council
of King's College, requested
to retire. He subsequently
accepted the Incumbency of
Vere Street Chapel, which he
held until appointed Professor
of Moral Philosophy at Cam-
bridge. Incumbent of St. Ed-
ward's, Cambridge, 1870-72 and
Cambridge preacher at White-
hall 1 87 1. He died in the
following year and was buried
at Highgate.

To Rev. F. D. Maurice.

MAURICE.

MAURICE BERKELEY.

Sir Maurice Berkeley. Fought
on the side of Mary in the Wyatt
insurrection, 1554. Wyatt sur-
rendered to him at Temple
Bar.

Queen Mary.

MAVIS.

= The song-thrush.

Claribel ; Gareth and Lyn-
ette ; The Foresters.

MAVORS.

then would I cry to thee
To kiss thy Mavors, roll thy tender arms
Round him,

= Mars.

Lucretius.
MAYFLY.

A short-lived fly which
appears in May.

Maud.

MAY LILIAN. See Lilian.

MAY-SWEET.

Lover's Tale.

MEADOW-CRAKE.

= the corn-crake. It builds
its nest in meadow grass.

The Princess.

MEADOW-SWEET.

A fragrant herbaceous plant
with white flowers, called also
queen of the meadow.

The Brook ; Promise of May.

MEDITERRANEAN.

An inland sea enclosed east
by Asia, south by Africa and
north by Europe.

Sir John Oldcastle,
Lord Cobham.

MEDWAY.

Ah, gray old castle of Alington, green field
Beside the brimming Medway, it may chance
That I shall never look upon you more.

A river of Kent.

Queen Mary.
MEG.

began
To troll a careless, careless tavern-catch
Of Moll and Meg, and strange experiences
Unmeet for ladies.

A colloquialism for Margaret.
The Princess.

MELISSA.

Daughter of lady Blanche and
friend of Ida, heroine of The
Princess, one of the young
P

MEL]

ladies who accompanied Ida to
her house of learning. Melissa
is the Greek word for ' Bee '
or ' Honey.' She was supposed
to be a maiden of youthful
charm and one whose tender
conscience and loving manner
could not brook the shadow
of deceit. At the coDege she
occupied a subordinate posi-
tion, but her youthful charm
and subordinate sphere formed
a striking contrast to the prin-
cess who was the embodiment
of majestic dignity.

The Princess.
MELPOMENE.

The Muse of Tragedy. Her
attribute is a tragic mask, or a
sword. The Muses (q.v.) were
nine in number, daughters of
Zeus and Mnemosyne, and
were considered as goddesses
dwelling in Olympus.

In Memoriam.
MEMMIAN NAPHTHA-PITS.

or fled
Beyond the Memmian naphtha-pits, disgraced
For ever —

= Mennis, a place in Meso-
potamia with Naphtha-pits,
identified with the modern
Kerkuk, or Kirkook, in Asiatic
Turkey, twenty hours' journey
from Arbela.

Alexander quartis castris ad Mennin urbem
pervenit. Caverna ibi est, ex qua fons
ingentem vim bituminis efiundit, adeo ut
satis constet, Babylonios muros ingentis
opens fontis bitumine interlitos esse.
Q. Curtius : Hist. Alex. Magni v. i. 16.

See Professor Bensly's com-
munication to Notes and
Queries , February 14, 1914,

P- 137-

Alexander.

210

[MEN

MEMMIUS.

„ . , , and meant

Purely to lead my Memmius in a train
Of flowery clauses onward to the proof
That Gods there are, and deathless.

=A Roman citizen. Was tri-
bune, pretor and subsequently
governor of Bithynia ; banished
by Caesar. Lucretius dedicated
his poem to him.

Lucretius.
MEMNON.

The beautiful son of Tithonus
and Eos. He was sent by his
father to assist in the Trojan
war and slew Antilochus, but
was himself killed by Achilles ;
whereupon his mother besought
Jupiter to immortalize his
memory. This, however, did not
calm her sorrow, for she bears
witness to her weeping in the
dews of the morning. A colos-
sal statue of king Amenophis
built near Thebes, and which
was said to emit a musical sound
at dawn, was given the name of
Memnon.

Thro* which the lights, rose, amber, emerald,

blue,
Flush'd in her temples and her eyes,
And from her lips, as morn from Memnon

drew
Rivers of melodies.

Palace of Art ; The Princess.

MENCECEUS.

A young Theban, son of
Creon. During the siege of
Thebes, Tiresias prophesied
that victory would ensue on the
side of Thebes if the wrath
of the god Ares was pacified
by a descendant of the warriors
that had sprung from the
dragon's teeth sown by Cadmus

MEN]

211

[MER

(q.v.) at the well of the Dirce
being sacrificed. Menceceus,
one of the last of the race, slew
himself on the wall and his
body fell down into the cave
which had been the haunt of
the dragon.

Tiresias.

MEN-TOMMIES.

as Sweet-hearts.

Spinster's Sweet-Arts.

MERCURY.

The Italian god of commerce.
Lucretius ; Lover's Tale.

MERIDES.

The personification of the
noonday sun. The name of
a knight — one of four brothers
— who kept the passages of
Castle Perilous, where the lady
Lyonors was held captive, and
who was overthrown by sir
Gareth.

Gareth and Lynette.

MERLE.

= The blackbird.

Gareth and Lynette ; The
Foresters.

MERLIN.

The magician of Arthur's
court. He is supposed to have
been a bard, born about the
year 470 a.d., and adopted the
name of Ambrose. He first
served the British chief Am-
brosius Aurelianus, and after-
wards king Arthur.

and one
Is Merlin, the wise man that ever served
King Uther thro' his magic art ;

In 457 a.d., after the defeat
of the Saxons under Hengist,

Merlin conveyed great stones
from Ireland to England, and
set them up at Stonehenge as
a monument to the British
chiefs who had been slain by
Hengist, where they still remain.

How Merlin by his skill, and Magiques won-
drous might,

From Ireland hither brought the Stonehenge
in a night :

Drayton : Polyolbion, Fourth Song.

He received king Arthur
after his birth and handed him
to sir Anton to bring him up.

Wherefore Merlin took the child
And gave him to Sir Anton, an old knight,
And ancient friend of Uther ; and his wife
Nursed the young prince, and rear'd him with

her own ;
And no man knew.]

He afterwards made the
Round Table at Camelot to seat
150 knights and built a castle
to accommodate the magic table.

' O brother, had you known our mighty hall,
Which Merlin built for Arthur long ago!
For all the sacred mount of Camelot,
And all the dim rich city, roof by roof,
Tower after tower, spire beyond spire,

Various accounts are given
as to the manner of his death,
but Tennyson says that his fair
mistress Vivien (q.v.), who never
left his side, followed him to
the wild woods of Broceliande
where she induced him by
craft to reveal to her the secret
of his magic strength. Having
learnt this, Vivien confined
him in a hollow tower from
which there was no escape.

And then she follow'd Merlin all the way,
Ev'n to the wild woods of Broceliande.
For Merlin once had told her of a charm,
The which if any wrought on any one
With woven paces and with waving arms,
The man so wrought on ever seem'd to lie
Closed in the four walls of a hollow tower,
From which was no escape for evermore.

Morte d' Arthur ; Coming
of Arthur; Gareth and
Lynette ; Merlin and

MER]

212

[MIR

Vivien ; Holy Grail ; Pel-
leas andEttarre ; Last Tour-
nament ; Passing of Arthur ;
Merlin and the Gleam.

MERSEY.

And here, new-comers in an ancient hold,
New-comers from the Mersey, millionaires,
Here lived the Hills.

= The river Mersey.

Edwin Morris.

METHUSALEH.

Eh ! if I could ha' gone on wi' the plowin'
nobbut the smell o' the mou'd 'ud ha' maade
ma live as long as Jerusalem.

Eva. Methusaleh, father.

Promise of May.

MEW.

= A sea-gull.
Sea Fairies ; The Princess.

MEXICO.

A republic of North America.

Mine be the strength ;

Queen Mary.

MICHAEL.

An archangel, and leader of
the heavenly host, who drove
the rebel angels out of heaven.

Last Tournament.

MICHAEL ANGELO.

A famous Italian sculptor,
painter and poet.

In Memoriam.

MILAN.

A city of northern Italy,
and capital of the province of
Milan.

The Daisy ; Queen Mary.

MILLY.

Servant to farmer Dobson.
Promise of May.

MILTON.

Poet (1608- 1 674).

Palace of Art ; Milton ;
Romney's Remorse.
MINNETH.

The chief city of the Am-
monites.

And he smote them from Aroer, even till
thou come to Minnith. Judges xi. 33.

Dream of Fair Women.
MINNIE.

Minnie and Winnie

Slept in a shell.
Sleep, little ladies !

And they slept well.

Minnie and Winnie.

MINNOW.

A small fresh-water fish.

Miller's Daughter.
MIRIAM.

And highest, among the statues, statue-like
ween a cymbal'd Miriam and a Jael,

Sister of Moses and Aaron,
and a prophetess. After the
passage of the Red Sea she took
a cymbal in her hand, and
followed by the whole female
population of Israel sang a song
of thanksgiving to God for
having delivered Israel from
the Egyptians. Exodus xv. 20-2 1 .
The Princess.

MIRIAM.

MIRIAM ERNE.

Cousin of Muriel Erne, in
whose company she was often
to be found, Muriel fishing
and Miriam sketching by a
certain brook. Miriam married,
but died during the first year of
her married life, leaving a little
daughter also called Miriam.
The Ring.

MIR]

213

[MOL

MIRIAM.
MIRIAM LANE.

The landlady of the village
tavern in Enoch Arden.

Enoch Arden.
MISERERE MEI.

Then knelt and said the Miserere Mei —
But all in English, mark you ; rose again,

The Fifty-first psalm.

Oueen Mary.
MISTLETOE.

A parasite plant or shrub,
which grows on different trees.
When found upon the oak it
was regarded by the Druids
as an object of superstition.
Day-Dream.
MIZPEH.

The daughter of the warrior Gileadite,

A maiden pure ; as when she went along
From Mizpeh's tower'd gate with welcome
light,
With timbrel and with song.

See Judges xi. 34-36.

Dream of Fair Women.
MNEMOSYNE.

In Greek Mythology, the god-
dess of memory and mother of
the muses.

The Princess.
MOAB.

and a hundred meres
About it, as the water Moab saw
Come round by the East,

See 2 Kings Hi. 22.

Last Tournament.
MOCK-HYMEN. See Hymen.
MODRED.

Son of Lot, king of Orkney,
and Bellicent, daughter of
Gorlois and Ygerne, and brother
of sir Gawain and sir Gareth.
His name signifies ' Biter,'
which represents the serpent of
which king Arthur was by
Merlin warned to beware.
When king Arthur (q.v.) was
absent on a campaign abroad

he left Modred regent ; but
he usurped the kingdom and
tried to wed Guinevere the
queen. Upon Arthur learning
the news he returned and in the
' last weird battle in the west '
Modred was slain and Arthur
also received his death-wound.
Coming of Arthur ; Gareth
and Lynette ; Lancelot and
Elaine ; Pelleas andEttarre;
Last Tournament ; Guine-
vere ; Passing of Arthur.
MOLE.

A small animal which bur-
rows in the ground and casts
up little heaps of mould.

My life is full ; Aylmer's
Field ; Defence of Lucknow.
MOLL.

began
To troll a careless, careless tavern-catch
Of Moll and Meg, and strange experiences
Unmeet for ladies.

A colloquialism for Mary.
The Princess.
MOLLY.

Servant girl to an old spinster
who had named all her cats
after her former sweethearts.
She seemed to induce Molly to
believe her ideas.

That a man be a durty thing an' a trouble
an' plague wi' indoor.

Spinster's Sweet-Arts.
MOLLY.

One of the daughters of the
new village squire, and described
by the village wife

For Molly the long un she walkt away wi' a

hofficer lad,
An' nawbody 'eard on 'er sin, sa o' coorse she

be gone to the bad !

Village Wife.
MOLLY.

MOLLY MAGEE. See Dan, Danny
O'Roon.

MOL]

214

[MOR

MOLOCH.

Screams of a babe in the red-hot palms of
Moloch of Tyre,

Refers to the fire god of the
Ammonites, which was wor-
shipped in Rabba, and to whom
human sacrifices were offered.

First, Moloch, horrid king, besmeared with

blood
Of human sacrifice, and parents' tears ;
Though, for the noise of drums and timbrels

loud,
Their children's cries unheard that passed

through fire
To his grim idol. Him the Ammonite
Worshipped in Rabba and her watery plain,
In Argob and in Basan, to the stream
Of utmost Arnon.

Milton : Paradise Lost, Book I, 392-399.

MOLOWNY.

A priest.

The Dawn.

Tomorrow.

MOLY.

A fabulous herb of magic
power, said by Homer to have
been given by Hermes to Odys-
seus to counteract the spells of
Circe.

And yet more med'cinal is it than that Moly
That Hermes once to wise Ulysses gave.
Milton : Comus, 636-637.

Lotos-Eaters.
MONA.

While about the shore of Mona those Neron-

ian legionaries
Burnt and broke the grove and altar of the

Druid and Druidess(J

The Roman name of the
isle of Anglesey. Upon the
occasion of the second Roman
invasion of Britain, it was the
only place where Druidism
existed, which was finally de-
stroyed by the Roman General
Suetonius Paulinus in a.d. 6i.
Boddicea.

MONACO.

How like a"gem, beneath the city
Of little Monaco, basking, glow'd.

A small principality on the
shores of the Mediterranean sea.
The Daisy.

MONMOUTH (Harry of). See
Harry of Monmouth.

MONNA GIOVANNA.

See Federigo degli Alberighi.

MONTE ROSA.

How faintly-flush'd, how phantom-fair,
Was Monte Rosa, hanging there

A thousand shadowy-pencill'd valleys
And snowy dells in a golden air.

A glacier mass between
Switzerland and Italy.

The Daisy.

MONTFORT (Edith). See Edith,
Edith Montfort.

MORCAR.

Earl of Northumbria and
son of Alfgar of Mercia ; joined
his brother Edwin, earl of
Mercia in his revolt against
Tostig : and was defeated by
the Norsemen under Hardrada
at Fulford Bridge, near York,
September 20, 1066. After the
battle of Senlac he made sub-
mission to the Conqueror and
was pardoned. In 1071 he
joined the insurgents in the
Isle of Ely under Hereward
the Wake and on surrendering
was committed to the custody
of Roger de Beaumont ; in
1087 he was imprisoned at Win-
chester.

Harold.

MORE (Sir Thomas).

Son of sir John More and the
author of Utopia. Succeeded
Wolsey as Lord Chancellor 1529,

MOR]

215

[MOU

but resigned the office (1532)
because he could not support
Henry VII I's action in the
matter of his divorce ; with
John Fisher, bishop of Rochester,
was committed to the Tower
for refusing to take the oath
of supremacy ; found guilty
and was beheaded July 6, 1535 ;
his body was buried in the
Tower and his head exhibited
on London Bridge (1478-1535).
Queen Mary.

MOREL AND (Emma). See Emma
Moreland.

MORGANORE.

One of the petty kings over-
come by king Arthur fighting
on behalf of Leodogran, king
of Cameliard.

Coming of Arthur.
MORIAH.

Alter the day of darkness, when the dead
Went wandering o'er Moriah —

A mountain near Jerusalem
where king Solomon built the
temple. 2 Chronicles, chap. Hi.

The wandering of the dead
after the crucifixion is referred
to in St. Matthew xxvii. 50-53.
Holy Grail ; Columbus.

MORRIS (Edwin). See (Edwin,
Edwin Morris.

MORRISON (Mary). See Mary,
Mary Morrison.

MORS.

An infernal deity, the off-
spring of Night.

Gareth and Lynette.

MORVILLE. See De Morville.
MOSES.

Tomorrow.

MOTH.

A family of nocturnal insects.
The Princess ; In Me-
moriam ; Sir John Oldcastle,
Lord Cobham ; Becket ;
Promise of May.

MOUNT OF BLESSING.
MOUNT OF VISION.

And climb the Mount of Blessing, whence if

thou
Look higher, then — perchance — thou mayest

— beyond
A hundred ever-rising mountain lines,
And past the range of Night and Shadow —

see
The high-heaven dawn of more than mortal

day
Strike on the Mount of Vision !

Ancient Sage.

MOUSE.

A small rodent quadruped,
of the genus mus.

Mariana ; Aylmer's Field ;
Northern Farmer, New
Style ; Maud ; Village
Wife ; Spinster's Sweet-
Arts ; Owd Rod ; Queen
Mary ; The Falcon.

MOUNTAINS OF THE WORLD.

And came upon the Mountains of the World
And saw the rivers roll from Paradise

The description given by
Columbus to the beautiful and
fertile shore of Paria, South
America, which he considered
to have been the abode of
Adam and Eve. He presumed
that the stream of fresh water
which filled the Paria, and
sweetened the salt ocean in its
vicinity being supplied by the
fountain mentioned in Genesis,
as springing from the tree of life
in the Garden of Eden.

Columbus.

MUC]

216

[MYR

MUCH.

The ' miller's son,' one of
Robin Hood's band of outlaws.
The Foresters.

MUGGINS.

A methodist preacher sup-
posed to have preached a ser-
mon on ' Hell-fire an' the loov
o' God fur men,' when Sally
and her lover the northern
cobbler, first went to the meeting
together. He was supposed to
have had some influence over
the cobbler in getting him to
give up his habit of drunkenness.
Northern Cobbler.

MULE.

A hybrid animal, generated
between an ass and a mare.

Sir Launcelot and Queen
Guinevere.

MURIEL ERNE.

Muriel and Miriam Erne
were cousins. The latter died
leaving a little girl who was
also named Miriam Erne.
Muriel, out of pity for the
lonely child, took her and nursed
her, and in later years became
the child's stepmother.

The Ring.

MUSCOVITE.

How long this icy-hearted Muscovite
Oppress the region ? '

= a native of Moscow, or of
Russia.

Poland.

MUSES, THE.

Goddesses who presided over
poetry, music, dancing, and the
liberal arts. They were the
daughters of Zeus and Mnemo-

syne,and were nine in number : —

Calliope : the Muse of elo-
quence and epic poetry. Her
symbols are a tablet and stylus ;
sometimes a scroll.

Clio : the Muse of history.
Her symbol is a scroll.

Erato : the Muse of erotic
poetry and elegy. Her symbol
is a lyre.

Euterpe : the Muse of music.
Her symbol is a flute.

Melpomene : the Muse of
tragedy. Her symbol is a tragic
mask, or a sword.

Polyhymnia : the Muse of
sacred poetry. She has no attri-
bute.

Terpsichore : the Muse of
choral song and dance. Her
symbols are a lyre and the
plectrum.

Thalia : the Muse of comedy.
Her symbol is a shepherd's
staff, or a wreath of ivy.

Urania : the Muse of astro-
nomy. Represented as hold-
ing a staff with which she
points to a globe.

The Princess ; In Me-
moriam ; To Virgil ; Dead
Prophet ; Parnassus.

MUSSULMAN.

= The Persian form of Mos-
lem. Recollections of the
Arabian Nights ; Romncfs
Remorse ; Akbar's Dream ;
Becket.

MYRTLE.

An evergreen shrub of the
genus Myrtus. The ancients

NAD]

217

NER]

considered it sacred to Venus,
the goddess of Love.

The Islet; The Cup.

NADIR.

May this hard earth cleave to the Nadir hell
Down, down, and close again, and nip me flat,
If I be such a 'traitress.

Represents the lowest point.
Merlin and Vivien.

naKad.

In Greek mythology the
Naiads were female nymphs,
represented as presiding over
fresh-water fountains and
streams, and endowed with
prophetic power.

Leonine Elegiacs ; Adeline ;
ToE.L.

NAPLES.

A city of Italy and capital
of the province of Naples.

The Brook ; The Ring ;
Queen Mary.

NEILGHERRY.

yet the brook he loved,
For which, in branding summers of Bengal,
Or ev'n the sweet half-English Neilgherry air
I panted,

A mountain district in south
India. It is a bracing district
and much frequented by Eu-
ropeans as a health resort.
In some respects it resembles
the climate of England, hence
' half-English.'

The Brook.

NELL.

NELLY. S^Ellen.

NELLY.

Daughter of the village
squire.

An* Nelly wur up fro' the craadle as big i' the
mouth as a cow,

On account of this the village
wife recommended that she
must emigrate.

An' saw she mun hammergrate, lass, or she
weant git a maate onyhow !

Village Wife.
NELSON.

Horatio, Lord Nelson.

The Fleet.

NEMESIS.

and some great Nemesis
Break from a darken'd future, crown'd with
fire,

In Greek mythology the
goddess of moral justice and the
personification of Divine retri-
bution. According to Hesiod
she is the daughter of Night,
and with Aidos, the divinity
of modesty, left the earth on
the advent of the iron age.
Her statue at Athens is said
to have been executed by
Phidias, the greatest 6culptor
the world has ever seen, out
of a block of Parian marble
which Darius brought from
Persia, and which he had in-
tended to set up in Athens
as a monument of his victory
over the Greeks at Marathon.
It was used instead to record
his defeat.

The Princess.

NENE.

Becket. Where is the King ?

Roger of York. Gone hawking on the Nene

A river which has its source
in Northamptonshire, and enters
the North Sea by the Wash.
Becket.
NERONIAN.

While about the shore of Mona those Neron-

ian legionaries
Burnt and broke the grove and altar of the

Druid and Druidess, .

NET]

218

[NIG

Refers to the Roman army
under Suetonius Paulinus who
destroyed the Druidical power
in the Isle of Mona (Anglesey)

A.D. 6l.

Boddicea.

NETHERLANDS.

=The low countries.

Queen Mary.

NEW ENGLAND.

A name applied to the former
British possession in North
America, and now comprising
the States of Maine, New
Hampshire, Vermont, Massachu-
setts, Connecticut, and Rhode
Island. The inhabitants are
descendants of English Puri-
tans. Captain John Smith
made an extensive exploration
of the region in 1614, and sug-
gested that it should be called
1 New England.'

Hands All Round.

NEW FOREST.

A royal forest of England,
enclosed by William the Con-
queror, and situated in the
south-western portion of Hamp-
shire. Contains the Rufus
stone marking the traditional
site of the death of William II.

Sisters {Evelyn and Edith).

NEWFOUNDLAND (dog).

Aylmer's Field.

NICHOLAS (Saint).

Patron saint of Russia ; was
bishop of Myra in Lycia, and
suffered persecution under Dio-
cletian. Children, especially
schoolboys, are regarded as be-

ing under his guardianship, and
he still survives in the Santa
Claus of Christmas rejoicings.
The Foresters.

NICHOLAS.
NICHOLAS HEATH.

Archbishop of York and Lord
Chancellor ; fellow of Christ's
College, Cambridge, 1521, and
of Clare Hall, Cambridge,
1524, vicar of Hever 1531-32,
and in 1534 appointed arch-
deacon of Stafford. Created
bishop of Rochester, 1539 ;
and in 1542 succeeded Latimer
in the see of Worcester, but was
deprived in 1551. On the ac-
cession of Mary was restored
to Worcester, and subsequently
elected archbishop of York,
vacant by the deprivation of
archbishop Holgate. In 1556
he was appointed Lord Chan-
cellor. On the death of Mary
he proclaimed Elizabeth in the
House of Lords, and for a short
time continued to hold the
office of Chancellorship. Was
deprived of his archbishoprick
for refusing to take the oath
of supremacy and committed
to the Tower, but was subse-
quently set at liberty on giving
an undertaking not to inter-
fere in Church and State
matters. He died in 1579,
and was buried in the chancel
of Cobham Church.

Queen Mary.

NIGHTINGALE.

A small bird of the Passerine
family. It sings at night and

NIL]

219

[NOR

is celebrated for the sweetness

of its song.

Palace of Art ; Gar-
dener's Daughter ; Vision of
Sin; Poet's Song; Ayl-
mer's Field ; The Princess ;
Grandmother ; In the Gar-
den at Swainston ; Marriage
of Geraint ; Balin and
Balan ; First Quarrel ;
Ancient Sage ; Demeter and
Persephone.

NILE.

O saviour of the silver-coasted isle,
O shaker of the Baltic and the Nile,

Has reference to lord Nel-
son's victory at the battle of the
Nile, August I, 1798.

Ode on the death of the Duke
of Wellington.

NILUS.

The Nilus would have risen before his time
And flooded at our nod.

Has reference to the annual
overflow (July to October) of
the river Nile.

Dream of Fair Women.

NIOBE.

In Greek mythology the
daughter of Tantalus, and wife
of Amphion, king of Thebes.
She had twelve children, six sons
and six daughters, and she
scorned the goddess Leto who
had only two children, Apollo
and Diana. These two chil-
dren being indignant at the
insult to their mother slew with
their arrows all Niobe's chil-
dren. For nine days they lay
in their blood, and on the tenth
day the gods buried them.
Niobe fled to mount Sipylos,

in Asia Minor, where she was
turned into a stone.

Walking to the Mail ; Pro-
mise of May.

niobean.

Has reference to Niobe (q.v.)
queen of Thebes.

The Princess.

NOAILLES.

Antoine de Noailles (1504-
1562), soldier and diplomatist.
Queen Mary.

noAks.

A notorious character, a
poacher, who was supposed to
have shot a keeper and accord-
ing to the story told by an old
farmer, was condemned and
hanged.

Noaks or Thimbleby — toaner 'ed shot 'um a*

dead as a naail.
Noaks wur 'ang'd for it cop at 'soize —

Northern Farmer, Old Style.

NOKES.

A character in Queen Mary.
Queen Mary.
NOKES.

A farm hand.

Promise of May.

NORFOLK (Duke of).

Thomas Howard, third duke
of Norfolk (1473-1 554), tried to
suppress the Wyatt rebellion,
but was unsuccessful.

Queen Mary.

NORMANDY.

An old province of France
of which Rouen was the Capital.
Harold ; Becket.

NORMANLAND.

=Normandy.

Harold.

NOR]

220

[OAK

NORSELAND.

= Scandinavia, but more par-
ticularly Norway.

Harold.

NORTHAMPTON.

Becket. On a Tuesday was I born, and on

a Tuesday
Baptized ; and on a Tuesday did I fly
Forth from Northampton ; on a Tuesday

pass'd
From England into bitter banishment ;

In 1 1 64 Thomas Becket,
archbishop of Canterbury, was
summoned by Henry II to a
Council at Northampton to
give an account of the various
sums of monies received by
him during the time he held
the office of Lord Chancel-
lor. Judgment being given
against him, Becket left the
palace, and stealing away by
night, reached Sandwich, and
thence by boat to Flanders.
Becket.

NORTH-SEA.

Lancelot and Elaine.

NORTHUMBERLAND. See Nor-
thumbria.

Coming of Arthur ; Harold.

NORTHUMBERLAND (Earl of).

John Dudley, first duke of
Northumberland ; executed
(1553) for resisting the acces-
sion of Mary to the throne. His
son lord Guildford Dudley was
married to lady Jane Grey.
Queen Mary.

NORTHUMBRIA.

An ancient British kingdom
reaching from the Humber to
the Firth of Forth and from
the North Sea westward to

the Celtic Strathclyde. It was
founded by Ida in 547.

Harold.

NORWAY.

but came
As night to him that sitting on a hill
Sees the midsummer, midnight, Norway sun
Set into sunrise ; then we moved away.

Has reference to the Aurora
Borealis, or Northern Lights.
'The Princess.

NORWAY (King of). See Har-
drada.

NORWAY.

The northernmost country of
Europe.

Harold.

NOTTINGHAM.

The Foresters.

NOX.

In Greek mythology the
goddess of night.

Gareth and Lynette.

NUDD.

Father of Edyrn (q.v).
Marriage of Geraint ;
Geraint and Enid.

OAF.

A changeling left by the
fairies.

The Foresters.

OAK.
OAK-TREE.

A tree of about 300 species.
Buonaparte ; Talking Oak ;
Amphion ; Lord of Bur-
leigh ; Aylmer's Field ; The
Princess ; Boddicea ; In
Memoriam ; Geraint and
Enid ; Balin and Balan ;
Merlin and Vivien ; Last

OBA]

221

[OLA

Tournament ; Hands all
Round, ; To Alary Boyle ;
The Oak ; The Tourney ;
Claribel ; Gareth and Lyn-
ette ; The Cup ; The
Foresters.

OBALISQUE.

A name given to a female
slave in the Turkish harem.
The Princess.

OBERON.

King of the Fairies. He is
one of the characters in Shake-
speare's Midsummer - Night's
Dream.

The Foresters.

ODIN.

or Wodin, the chief god of the
Teutonic tribes. His seat was
Hlidskialf in Asgard and he
held his court in Walhalla (q.v.)y
where the warriors slain in
battle spent their future exist-
ence. He was attended by two
black ravens, Hugun and Munin,
representing Thought and
Memory respectively.

The Victim.

ODO.

Half-brother of William the
Conqueror, who created him
bishop of Bayeux in 1049.
Accompanied the Conqueror to
England and fought at the
battle of Senlac, for which
service he was created earl of
Kent and rewarded with Dover
Castle. During William's ab-
sence from England was viceroy ;
built himself a palace at Rome,
and even aspired to the pope-

dom ; arrested and imprisoned
at Rouen. During the reign
of William II he became the
centre of conspiracy and was
compelled to flee to Normandy.
In 1085 was present at the pro-
clamation of the first Crusade
and in the following year ac-
companied duke Robert of
Normandy as a crusader. He
died at Palermo in 1097.

Harold.

(ENONE.

A nymph of Mount Ida,,
daughter of Kebren, the river-
god, and the wife of Paris (q.v.)
the shepherd-prince of Troy.
She was endowed with the gift
of prophecy and told her hus-
band that his journey to Greece
would be his ruin. During
the siege of Troy he was
wounded by an arrow, and sent
for (Enone, but on her arrival
she found him dead and stabbed
herself over the body.

And muffling up her comely head, and crying
' Husband ' she leapt upon the funeral pile,
And mixt herself with him and past in fire.

(Enone ; Death of (Enone.
OLAF.

St. Olaf, not while I am by ! Come, come.
Join hands, let brethren dwell in unity ;

Olaf II, king of Norway ;
wrested the throne of Norway
from Eric and Jarl ; endea-
voured to exterminate paganism
by fire and sword ; excited
disaffection among his subjects y
who rebelled, and with the
assistance of Canute over-
powered him. Fled to the
court of his brother-in-law,.

OLD]

222

[OPH

Jaroslav of Russia ; by his help
he tried to recover his throne,
but was defeated and slain by-
Canute at Stiklestad. Was
canonized in 1164 and is the
patron saint of Norway (995-
1030).

Harold.

OLDCASTLE (Sir John). See
Cobham.

OLDHAM.

A farm labourer.

Promise of May.

OLEANDER.

An evergreen shrub having
clusters of beautiful red or white
flowers.

The Daisy.
OLIVE.

A tree cultivated in the East
for its oily fruit. Its branches
are the emblems of peace.

The Princess ; The Daisy ;
Maud ; Frater Ave Atque
Vale.

OLIVE.

And hear me swear a solemn oath,

That only by thy side
Will I to Olive plight my troth

And gain her for my bride.

= A girl's name.

Talking Oak.

OLIVET.

Mount of Olivet or Olives,
also called Mount of Corrup-
tion. A rising ground to the
east of Jerusalem over against
the Temple hill, and separated
from it by the Kidron valley.
At its summit is the church of
the Ascension, and on its west
slope Gethsemane.

In Memoriam.

OLIVIA.

Betrothed to a young English-
man named Walter. During
his absence she spent much of
her time beneath the boughs
of an old oak-tree. When
Walter returned, the oak-tree
— supposed to be gifted with
speech — gave him an account of
her doings during his absence.
In return for the information
he vowed to make for his bride
a bridal wreath of alternate
leaf and acorn ball.

Talking Oak.

OLYMPIAN.

From out the Ghost of Pindar in you
Roll'd an Olympian ;

Has reference to an Olympian
Ode, written by Pindar in
honour of the victors at the
Olympian games.

To Professor Jebb.

OMAR.

that large infidel
Your Omar ; and your Omar drew

Full-handed plaudits from our best
In modem letters,

Fitzgerald's translation of
Omar Khayydmf the astronomer
poet of Persia.

To E. Fitzgerald.

OPHIR.

but had I brought
from Solomon's now-recover'd Ophir all
The gold that Solomon's navies carried home,

In his fourth voyage Colum-
bus arrived at Veragua, and
the amount of gold obtained
from the mines of that district
led him to believe that he had
discovered the place from
which Solomon obtained his sup-
plies of gold. See 1 Kings ix. 28.
Columbus.

OPP] 223

OPPIAN LAW.

for on one side arose
The women up in wild revolt, and storm'd
At the Oppian law.

See Cato.

The Princess.

ORAN.

A port in Algeria.

Ballad, of Oriana.

ORANGE.

A tree of the genus Citrus.
Queen Mary ; Promise of
May.

ORANGE.

Was the capital of the small
principality of Orange in France.
Passed by marriage into the
hands of the house of Nassau
in 1 53 1, and the first Nassau
prince of Orange was the father
of William the Silent. The
principality was annexed by
France in 171 3.

Queen Mary.

ORCHIS.

A genus containing ten of the
British species of orchids.

In Memoriam.

OREAD.

A mountain-nymph.
(Enone ; Lucretius ; Maud.

ORIANA.

Heroine of the Ballad of
Oriana. As she stood on the
castle wall, watching her lover
go forth to battle, she was
pierced through the heart by
an arrow.

Ballad of Oriana.

ORIEL.

She took her thxoo' I
She sat betwixt the shining Oriels,
To sing her songs alone.

[OUT

A recess in a room with a
bay-window.

Palace of Art; Day-
Dream ; Lancelot and
Elaine ; Holy Grail.

ORION.

In Greek mythology a giant
and hunter, son of Hyrieus.
He fell in love with Merope,
daughter of GEnopion, but was
struck blind by GEnopion be-
cause of his treatment of her,
but recovered his sight by ex-
posing his eyeballs to the rays
of the rising sun. At his death
he was placed in the heavens
as a constellation.

Canst thou bind the sweet influences of

Pleiades,
Or loose the bands of Orion ?

Job xxxviii. 31.

Locksley Hall ; Maud.

ORKNEY.

A group of islands north of
Scotland.
Coming of Arthur ; Harold.

ORM.

Father of Gamel.

Harold.

O'ROON (Danny). S^Dan, Danny
O'Roon.

O'SHEA (Shamus). See Shamus,
Shamus O'Shea.

OSIER.

A water-willow, from withes
of which baskets are made.

Enoch Arden.

ODTRAM (Sir James).

Son of Benjamin Outram
of Butterley Hall, Derbyshire.
Appointed in 1840 a British

OUZj

224

[PAG

Political Agent in Sind, and
distinguished himself by his
heroic defence of the British
Residency at Hyderabad. Ap-
pointed Chief Commissioner of
Oudh in 1843, and in 1857
joined the Persian expedition.
During his absence the Mutiny
broke out, and on his return
was offered the commander-
ship of the Lucknow Relief
Force, but waived his military
rank and acted as a volunteer
under Havelock (q.v.),who had
already fought eight victorious
battles with the rebels. After
Lucknow was relieved he as-
sumed the command, only to
be in turn himself besieged,
and relieved by sir Colin Camp-
bell. Was rewarded with a
baronetcy, a pension of £1,000
and the Freedom of London.
He died at Paris in 1863, and
was buried in Westminster
Abbey where the slab on his
grave bears the epitaph : The
Bayard of India. Statues have
been erected to his memory in
London and Calcutta.

Defence of Lucknow.

OUZEL.

One of the several species of
thrushes, especially the black-
bird.

Gardener's Daughter.

OWL.

A bird that seeks its food by
night, noted for its howling or
hooting noise.

The Owl ; St. Simeon

Stylites ; The Princess ;

Gareth and Lynette ; Balin
and Balan ; Lancelot and
Elaine ; Holy Grail ; Des-
pair ; Forlorn.

OWLBY.

He'll niver swap Owlby an' Scratby fur owt
but the Kingdom o' Heaven ;

Church-warden and the Curate.

OWLET.

A young owl.

Leonine Elegiacs.

OXFORD.

A city and capital of Oxford-
shire. It is the seat of one of
the English Universities.

Queen Mary ; Becket ;
The Foresters.

OXLIP.

A species of primrose.

talking Oak.

PADRE (Goan). See Goan Padre.

PADUA.

A city of Venetia.

Queen Mary.

PffiAN.

An ancient Greek hymn, sung
in honour of Apollo.

Two Voices.

PAGET (Lord).

William Paget, first baron ;
played a prominent part in the
plot to set aside the will of
Henry VIII ; joined queen
Jane's council on the death of
Edward VI, but sanctioned the
proclamation of Mary. Made
Lord Privy Seal, but on acces-
sion of Elizabeth he relinquished
the office (1505-1563).

Queen Mary.

PAL]

225

[PAL

PALLAS.

PALLAS ATHENE.

In Greek mythology the god-
dess of Wisdom, daughter of
Zeus, identified with the Roman
Minerva. She was produced
from Zeus' brain without a
mother. The story is that
Zeus in fear that a son stronger
than himself would be born,
devoured his first wife Metis, but
Hephaestus clave open his head
with an axe and Athene sprang
forth in full armour, the god-
dess of eternal virginity. Her
powers were equal to those of
Zeus ; she could hurl the
thunder of Jupiter, and bestow
the gift of prophecy. A yearly
festival, called Panathenaea, was
founded in her honour by
Theseus, one of the Greek heroes .
A magnificent temple called the
Parthenon was built on top of
the Acropolis at Athens in her
honour, and a colossal statue
wrought in ivory and gold, some
thirty feet in height, was
erected. Her attributes are
the helmet, the lance, the
round shield with the Gorgon's
head, the olive branch and the
owl. When Paris {q.v) the
shepherd-prince of Troy was
appointed to decide which of
the three goddesses (Juno,
Pallas Athene, and Venus) was
the most beautiful, and to which
should be awarded the golden
apple, the prize of beauty,
Pallas attempted to bribe
him by promising him wis-
dom.

' Self-reverence, self-knowledge, self-control,
These three alone lead life to sovereign power.
Yet not for power (power of herself
Would come uncall'd for) but to live by law,
Acting the law we live by without fear ;
And, because right is right, to follow right
Were wisdom in the scorn of consequence.'

• • •

Again she said : ' I woo thee not with gifts.
Sequel to guerdon could not alter me
To fairer. Judge thou me by what I am,
So shalt thou find me fairest.

* * *

Here she ceas'd,
And Paris ponder'd, and I cried, ' O Paris,
Give it to Pallas ! ' but he heard me not,
Or hearing would not hear me, woe is me !

Paris decided in favour of
Venus.

A Character ; (Enone ; The
Princess ; In Memoriam ;
Achilles over the Trench ;
Tiresias.

PALM.
PALM-TREE.

A tropical tree of many
varieties bearing at the summit
large leaves like the palm of the
hand. A leaf of the palm,
anciently borne was a symbol of
victory or rejoicing.

Arabian Nights ; Palace of
Art ; Lotos Eaters ; * You
ask me why,1 etc. ; St.
Simeon Stylites ; Locksley
Hall ; Enoch Arden ; Ayl-
mer's Field ; The Princess ;
A Welcome to Her Royal
Highness Marie Alexan-
drovnaf Duchess of Edin-
burgh ; The Daisy ; The
Islet ; In Memoriam ; Gar-
eth and Lynette ; Lover's
Tale ; Columbus ; The
Wreck ; To Ulysses ; Ak-
bar's Dream ; Harold ; The
Foresters.

PALMYRENE.

Zenobia, wife of Bedouin
Q

PAN|

226

[PAP

Septimius Odenathus, king of
Palmyra. After her husband's
death she was appointed queen
and conquered Egypt. She then
aimed at the complete inde-
pendence of the Roman empire
but was defeated by Aurelian
at Hemesa, a.d. 272, and herself
captured. She was taken to
Rome, but was presented by
Aurelian with possessions at
Tivoli, where she passed the
rest of her life in the society of
her two sons. She was a beau-
tiful woman, endowed with
prudence and great courage.

The Princess.

PAN.

In Greek mythology the son
of Hermes and the god of shep-
herds. The Romans identified
the Greek Pan with their god
Faunus (q.v.). He is repre-
sented with horns and goat's
feet ; hence is derived the
modern devil of Christianity.
In Memoriam.

PANCRATIUS (St. Pancras).

Son of a heathen noble of
Synnada in Phrygia. Being
taken to Rome he was during
the persecution of Diocletian
executed, when only fourteen
years of age. He is represented
as the Latin saint of children,
with a sword in one hand and a
palm in the other. St. Pan-
cras Station, the terminus of
the Midland Railway in London,
is named from the parish in
which it is situated.

Harold.

PANDORA-BOX.

This beggarly life,
This poor, flat, hedged-in-field — no distance

—this
Hollow Pandora-box,

With all the pleasures flown, not even Hope
Left at the bottom !

In Greek mythology a beau-
tiful woman whom Jupiter in
order to punish the human race
— because Prometheus had
stolen the heavenly fire — con-
structed on earth. Jupiter
gave her a box containing all
human ills which, when opened,
escaped and spread over all the
earth, Hope alone remaining
at the bottom of the box.

Promise of May.

PANSY.

A species of violet.

Gardener's Daughter.

PANTHER.

A fierce spotted quadruped,
allied to the leopard.

(Enone ; Death of (Enone.

PAPHIAN.

Paphos, a town in Cyprus,
chiefly identified as a centre of
the worship of Aphrodite, the
Greek goddess of love and
beauty. Aphrodite means ' sea-
foam ' and Paphos is the place
where she is said to have landed
after her birth from the sea.
(Enone.

PAPHLAGONIA.

Have you alliances ?
Bithynia, Pontus, Paphlagonia ?

An ancient country in Asia
Minor. The country was inde-
pendent under Persian and
Macedonian rule. It passed
later to Pontus and subse-

PAR]

227

[PAR

quently became a Roman pro-
vince, B.C. 65.

The Cup.

PARAGUAY.

A South American state.

To Ulysses.

PARIS.

He groan'd, he turn'd, and in the mist at once
Became a shadow, sank and disappear'd,
But, ere the mountain rolls into the plain,
Fell headlong dead ; and of the shepherds one
Their oldest, and the same who first had found
Paris, a naked babe, among the woods
Of Ida, following lighted on him there,
And shouted, and the shepherds heard and
came.

Son of Priam and Hecuba,
king and queen of Troy. When
an infant his mother dreamed
that she saw a flaming brand
in the cradle where the child
lay. Hecuba, very anxious to
know the meaning of the dream,
decided to ask an oracle to
explain it, and was informed
that the child was destined to
bring destruction on his native
city. To escape this calamity
Paris was carried away to a
forest to die of hunger, but
was found by shepherds who
brought him up, hence he is
called the shepherd-prince of
Troy. He married (Enone,
daughter of the river-god
Kebren, but was afterwards
rewarded by Venus with the
love of the beautiful Helen of
Sparta whom he carried off to
Greece and which led to the
Trojan War. The story is,
that on the occasion of the
marriage of Peleus and Thetis,
Eris the goddess of strife was
the only goddess not invited
to the wedding, and to show

her displeasure threw among
the guests a golden apple on
which was written ' For the
fairest.' The three goddesses
(Juno, Pallas Athene, and
Venus), each claimed the apple,
and Paris was appointed to judge
which of the three was the most
beautiful. On appearing be-
fore Paris they each made
attempts to bribe him in order
to gain the verdict. Juno pro-
mised him sovereignty :

She to Paris made
Proffer of ample power, ample rule
Unquestion'd, overflowing revenue
Wherewith to embellish state, * from many a

vale
And river-sunder'd champaign clothed with

corn,
Or labour'd mine undrainable of ore.

* * *

Still she spake on and still she spake of power,
' Which in all action is the end of all ;
Power fitted to the season ; wisdom- bred
And throned of wisdom — from all neighbour

crowns
Alliance and allegiance, till thy hand
Fail from the sceptre-staff.

Pallas Athene promised him
wisdom :

' Self-reverence, self-knowledge, self-control,
These three alone lead life to sovereign power.
Yet not for power (power of herself
Would come uncall'd for) but to live by law,
Acting the law we live by without fear ;
And, because right is right, to follow right
Were wisdom in the scorn of consequence.'
» * »

Again she said : ' I woo thee not with gifts,
Sequel of guerdon could not alter me
To fairer. Judge thou me by what I am,
So shalt thou find me fairest.

* * *

' Here she ceas'd,
And Paris ponder'd, and I cried, ' O Paris,
Give it to Pallas ! ' but he heard me not,
Or hearing would not hear me, woe is me !

Venus promised him the
fairest woman in Greece for his
wife :

Idalian Aphrodite beautiful,

Fresh as the foam, new-bathed in Paphian

wells,
With rosy slender fingers backward drew
From her warm brows and bosom her deep

hair
Ambrosial, golden round her lucid throat
And shoulder ; from the violets her light foot
Shone rosy-white, and o'er her rounded form

PAR]

228

[PAS

Between the shadows of the vine- bunches
Floated the glowing sunlights, as she moved.
* » *

She with a subtle smile in her mild eyes,
The herald of her triumph, drawing nigh
Half-whisper'd in his ear, ' I promise thee
The fairest and most loving wife in Greece,'
She spoke and laugh'd : I shut my sight for

fear :
But when I look'd, Paris had raised his arm,
And I beheld great Here's angry eyes,
As she withdrew into the golden cloud,
And I was left alone within the bower ;
And from that time to this I am alone,
And I shall be alone until I die.

Paris handed the apple to
Venus. Subsequently during a
visit to Sparta he abused the
hospitality of Menelaos, for
during his absence in Crete
Paris eloped with Helen. To
avenge this insult Menelaos
laid siege to the city of Troy,
and fought a single combat with
Paris, whom he defeated, and
who would have perished had
not Venus interfered. In a
succeeding battle Paris slew
Achilles, the most famous of
all the Greek heroes in the war,
but on the fall of the city, being
himself mortally wounded by a
poisoned arrow of Philocteles,
he sent for (Enone whom he
had abandoned, but upon her
arrival she found him dead, and
in despair threw herself upon
his body and stabbed herself.
(Enone ; Death of (Enone.

PARIS (city of).

Locksley Hall Sixty Tears
After ; Romney's Remorse ;
The Dawn.

PARMA.

An Italian town.

The Daisy.

PARNASSUS.

The highest peak of a range of

mountains in Greece, dedicated
to the Muses, Apollo and Bac-
chus.

In Memoriam.
PARROT.

One of a family of tropical
birds, remarkable for its beauti-
ful plumage, and its powers of
imitating the human voice.

Locksley Hall ; Day-
Dream ; The Princess.

PARTHENON.

O thou so fair in summers gone,
While yet thy fresh and virgin soul

Inform'd the pillar'd Parthenon,
The glittering Capitol ;

A celebrated temple on the
Acropolis at Athens, built under
Pericles and dedicated B.C. 438
to Athena. It is considered the
finest specimen of Greek archi-
tecture extant. A gold and
ivory statue of the goddess
Athene stands in the midst
of the Parthenon.

Freedom.

PARTHIAN.

The last Parthian shaft of a forlorn Cupid
at the King's left breast, and all left-handed-
ness and under- handedness.

An arrow discharged at an
enemy when retreating from
him, as was the custom of
the ancient Parthians.

Becket.

PARTRIDGE.

A wild gallinaceous bird of
the genus Perdrix. It is noted
as a game bird.

Lover's Tale.

PASSION-FLOWER.

A flower so-called from a
fanciful resemblance to a crown

PAU]

229

[PEL

of thorns, the emblem of
Christ's passion.
Maud ; Voyage of Maeldune.

PAUL.

Saint Paul, the apostle of the
Gentiles.

Godiva ; In Memoriam ;
Sir John Oldcastle, Lord
Cobham ; Queen Mary.

PAUL THE FOURTH (Pope).
See Caraffa.

PAUL'S.

Right down by smoky Paul's they bore,
Till, where the street grows straiter,

One fix'd for ever at the door,
And one became head-waiter.

= St. Paul's Cathedral, Lon-
don. Founded by Ethelbert.
In Roman times a temple of
Diana is believed to have stood
on the site, as a stone altar
sculptured with the image of
Diana was found during the
excavations for the foundations
of Goldsmith's hall, in 1830.
Destroyed by fire 1087, an(^
again in the great fire of 1666 ;
rebuilt by Sir Christopher Wren
1675-1710.

Will Waterproofs Lyrical
Monologue.

* PEACE, BE STILL ! '

and while I spoke
The crowd's roar fell as at the ' Peace be still ! '

Has reference to the words
of Christ in the storm on the
Sea of Galilee.

Columbus.

PAYNIM.

= Pagan.

Balin and Balan ; Holy
Grail ; Last Tournament.

PEACH.

A tree with a delicious juicy
fruit.

Progress of Spring ; The
Falcon.

PEACOCK.

A large bird of the pheasant
kind remarkable for the beauty
of its plumage, especially that
of its tail.

(Enone ; Day-Dream ; The

Princess ; The Daisy ;

Maud; Gareth and Lynette ;

Queen Mary.

PEACOCK- YEWTREE.

A yewtree clipped into the
shape of a peacock.

Enoch Arden.

PEA-HEN.

The female of the peacock.
The Falcon.

PEELE.

A goddess who had her home
in a great lake of fire nine miles
round — Kilauea — {q-v) the
largest active volcano in the
world.

Kapiolani.

peleKan banquet-hall.

The Abominable, that uninvited came
Into the fair Pelei'an banquet-hall.

The banquet -hall in which
the guests at the marriage of
Peleus and Thetis assembled,
and where Eris the goddess of
strife threw among the guests
the golden apple of discord.
(Enone.

PELEION.

unweariable fire
That always o'er the great Peleion's head
Buru'd,

PEL]

= Achilles, so-called because
he was the son of Peleus.

Achilles over the Trench.

PELEUS.

' This was cast upon the board,
When all the full-faced presence of the Gods
Ranged in the halls of Peleus ; whereupon
Rose feud, with question unto whom 'twere
due;

Has reference to the marriage
of Peleus with the sea-nymph
Thetis, and where Eris the god-
dess of discord threw the golden
apple among the guests, to show
her resentment at not being in-
vited.

(Enone.
PELICAN.

I saw
The pelican on the casque of our Sir Bors
All in the middle of the rising moon :

The pelican used as a crest
was a symbol of devotion to a
kinsman.

Holy Grail.

PELLAM.

King of Listengise. He gave
a feast to all the knights of the
Round Table and their ladies ;
and they all rose from the table
and attacked Balin for having
slain sir Galon, Pellam himself
being wounded by a miraculous
spear but was healed of the
wound by sir Galahad.

Balin and Balan.

PELLEAS.

A Knight of the Round Table,
created to fill one of the gaps
made by the quest of the Holy
Grail, and lord of many Isles.
Fell in love with the lady
Ettarre {q.v .) but the lady did
not return his love. For some

230 [PEM

time was knight to queen
Guinevere. Was slain by sir
Meliagrance in defending his
mistress.

Pelleas and Ettarre.
PEMBROKE (Earl of).

Sir William Herbert, first
earl Pembroke ; son of sir
Richard Herbert. Became a
gentleman-pensioner in 1526.
For having killed a mercer in a
fracas escaped to France and
joined the French army ; re-
turning, he married Anne, sister
of Henry VIII's sixth queen, and
at once rose in royal favour. At
the dissolution of the mon-
asteries he received the Abbey
of Wilton, destroyed the monas-
tic building and built a magnifi-
cent mansion. Further grants
of land were made him by
Henry VIII and Edward VI.
On the outbreak of the quarrel
between Somerset and Warwick
Pembroke sided with the latter
for which he was suitably re-
warded, receiving Somerset's
estates in Wiltshire. He signed
the agreement for the succession
of lady Jane Grey to the throne,
and was with her at the Tower
of London, but later he declared
in favour of Mary and accom-
panied the Lord Mayor of
London to Cheapside to read
the proclamation. On the out-
break of the Wyatt rebellion —
although his loyalty was re-
garded as suspicious — was ap-
pointed chief in command of
the army to resist Wyatt's
entry into London, but his

PEN]

231

[PER

troops made such a feeble resist-
ance that Wyatt succeeded in
entering the city. He intro-
duced into the royal presence
the Spanish ambassador who
came to represent Philip at the
formal betrothal of the Queen,
and on the arrival of Philip met
him at Southampton, and was
one of the four peers who gave
Mary away at the wedding
in Winchester Cathedral. Al-
though a great favourite with
both Mary and Philip his loyalty
was regarded from time to time
with such suspicion that Mary
was advised to place him under
arrest. Immediately upon
Mary's death, Pembroke went
to Hatfield and attended Eliza-
beth's first Privy Council, and
zealously supported a protestant
revival. Appointed Lord Stew-
ard of the royal household in
1568, he compromised his posi-
tion by supporting the proposed
marriage of the duke of Nor-
folk with Mary, queen of Scots,
and was arrested, admitted
sympathy with the scheme but
denied the charge of disloyalty.
He died in 1570, and was buried
in St. Paul's Cathedral.

Queen Mary.
PENDRAGON.

A title — meaning ' chief
leader in war ' — conferred upon
several British chiefs in times of
distress. Uther and Arthur
were each appointed to the
office to repel the Saxon in-
vaders.

Lancelot and Elaine.

PENDRAGONSHIP.

Has reference to the title
of Pendragon (q.v .).

Guinevere.

PENElAN.

The long divine Peneian pass,
The vast Akrokeraunian walls,

The river Peneus in Thessaly
which flows through a narrow
pass, and is extremely beautiful
on account of the precipitous
rocks on either side.

To E. L.

PENENDEN HEATH.

but ten thousand men on Penenden Heath
all calling after your worship,

Pennenden Heath. Ori-
ginally a large common near
Maidstone in Kent. In Saxon
times the Witenagemot was
held here, since which time it
has been the meeting place for
large and important gatherings.
A large portion of the com-
mon has now been built upon,
and part is now used as a public
recreation ground under the
control of the Maidstone Cor-

poration.

PENUEL.

Queen Mary.

Past Yabbok brook the livelong night,
And heaven's mazed signs stood still
In the dim tract of Penuel.

Clear-headed Friend.

PERCIVALE.

A Knight of the Round Table,
son of Pellinore, king of Wales.
In Lancelot and Elaine he is
called ' the meek Sir Percivale '
and in the Holy Grail is known
as ' the Pure ' and is hailed as
the guardian of the Holy Grail t

PER]

232

[PET

And the angelic choir sang in jubilant tones :
' Hail to thee Percival, king of the Grail !
Seemingly lost for ever,
Now thou art blest for ever.
Hail to thee Percival, king of the Grail ! '
Wagner : Epics and Romances of the Middle
Ages (Trans, by M. W. Macdowall).

Sir Percivale accompanied sir
Galahad and sir Bors in the
quest of the Holy Grail and was
present when it appeared, but
whether he was permitted to
see it with his bodily eyes is
not known. Some authorities
consider that sir Galahad only
saw the vision, while others
•contend that both sir Galahad
and sir Percivale beheld the
holy vessel, after which Perci-
vale withdrew into a hermitage
and spent the rest of his life in
prayer.

Sir Percivale
Whom Arthur and his knighthood call'd The

Pure,
Has pass'd into the silent life of prayer,
Praise, fast, and alms ; and leaving for the cowl
The helmet in an abbey far away
From Camelot, there, and not long after, died

Merlin and Vivien ; Lan-
celot and Elaine ; Holy
Grail ; Pelleas and Ettarre.
PERSEPHONE.

In Greek mythology the
daughter of Jupiter and Deme-
ter, and queen of the lower
world. As a maiden she was
carried off, while plucking
flowers in Enna, into the lower
world by Pluto in his car, and
is represented sitting on an
■ebony throne wearing a crown.

or the enthroned
Persephone in Hades,

She married Pluto and be-
came the mother of the Furies.
In Italian mythology she is
identified with Proserpine.

The Princess ; Demeter and
Persephone.

PERSIA.

An Asiatic country.
Alexander ; Lover's Tale.

PERSIAN GIRL.

Then stole I up, and trancedly
Gazed on the Persian girl alone,

= Anis al-Jalis, in Burton's
Arabian Nights.

Recollections of the Arabian
Nights.

PERU.

Queen Mary.
PETER.

= Saint Peter, one of the
twelve Apostles.

Godiva ; Gareth and Lyn-
ette ; To E. Fitzgerald ;
Locksley Hall Sixty Tears
After ; Queen Mary ;
Harold ; Becket.

PETER.

Then of the latest fox — where started — kill'd
In such a bottom : ' Peter had the brush,
My Peter, first : '

A character at a meeting
of the hounds.

Aylmer's Field.

PETER.

The Eternal Peter of the changeless chair,

= Pope of Rome.

Queen Mary.

PETER (Peter Martyr).

Pietro Martire Vermigli, born
at Florence 1550. Was an
Augustinian monk, but became
a convert to the reformed
faith, and in consequence had
to flee from Italy in 1542. Pro-
fessor of Divinity at Strasburg
1542-7, and at Oxford in 1548 ;
returned to Strasburg in 1553,
and became Professor of Divin-

PET]

233

ity in the following year ; died
at Zurich in 1562.

Peter, I'll swear for him
He did believe the bond incestuous.

Queen Mary.
PETERBORO'

Abbot Alfwig,
Leofric, and all the monks of Peterboro'
Strike for the king;

Harold.

PETER CAREW.

Son of sir William Carew.
In the reign of Henry VIII was
sheriff of Devonshire. On the
death of Edward VI he opposed
the succession of lady Jane
Grey and proclaimed Mary as
queen in the West. Con-
spired against the Spanish
marriage and the plot being
discovered escaped to the con-
tinent. Passing through Ant-
werp he was arrested by lord
Paget, sent back to England,
and confined in the Tower.
On the accession of Elizabeth
he rose in favour, and was Con-
stable of the Tower in 1572,
when the duke of Norfolk was
convicted for treason. The
latter part of his life was spent
in recovering his property in
Ireland. He died in 1575, and
was buried in the church at
Waterford.

Queen Mary.

PETERS.

Gentleman to lord Howard.
Queen Mary.

PETER'S-PENCE.

An annual tribute of one
penny paid to support the pope.
Presented by Ina of the West-

[PEW

Saxons for the endowment ot
an English College at Rome,
725, it was confirmed by Offa,
777, and afterwards claimed
by the pope as a tribute from
England and collected regularly
until its abolition by Henry
VIII in 1534.

Talking Oak.

PETHER.

An' tell thim in Hiven about Molly Magee

an' her Danny O'Roon,
Till Holy St. Pether gets up wid his kays an*

opens the gate !

= St. Peter.

Tomorrow.

PEVENSEY.
PEVENSEY CASTLE.

A village in Sussex on the
English Channel twelve miles
from Hastings. It was in the
bay of this little village that
William, duke of Normandy,
landed with his army on Septem-
ber 28, 1066. The Romans
built here a castle — now in
ruins — the fortress of which
was of great strength. It with-
stood for six days the attack
of the army of Rufus against
Odo, bishop of Bayeux ; king
Stephen and Simon de Mont-
fort besieged it unsuccessfully ;
but it was again successfully
defended by lady Jane Pelham
in 1399. The castle remained
a fortress until the time of
Elizabeth.

Harold ; Becket.

PEWIT.

=The lapwing.

Will Waterproofs Lyrical
Monologue.

PHA]

234

[PHI

PHARAOH.

May Pharaoh's darkness, folds as dense as

those
Which hid the Holiest from the people's eyes
Ere the great death, shroud this great sin from

all!

See Exodus x. 21-23.

Aylmer's Field.
PHAROS.

but had you stood by us,
The roar that breaks the Pharos from his base
Had left us rock.

An island near Alexandria on
which a lighthouse was erected
by Ptolemy I, B.C. 250.

The Princess.

PHENOMENON.

Name of a horse.

The Brook.

PHILIBERT.
PHILIBERT OF SAVOY.

Emanuel Philibert, duke of
Savoy, born 1528, succeeded

1553 ; died 1580.

Queen Mary.

PHILIP.

A priest.

Queen Mary.

PHILIP.

King of Naples and Sicily,
afterwards king of Spain, son
of the emperor Charles V. In

1554 married Mary, queen of
England in Winchester Cathe-
dral, and became unpopular.
In the following year left Eng-
land in disappointment that
an expected heir was not born
to him ; resolved to extirpate
protestantism in his dominions,
and employed sword and fire
with bitterness ; the Nether-
lands however resisted the attack
and succeeded in throwing off
the Spanish yoke ; made over-

tures to queen Elizabeth, but
was refused and in 1559 married
Isabella, daughter of the king
of France. In 1588 he sent his
' Invincible ' Armada against
England, which was almost to-
tally destroyed, the defeat of
which marked the beginning of
the decline of Spain. The
only praise that can be accorded
to this tyrant is that he gave
a certain amount of encourage-
ment to the advancement of
the Arts and Sciences (1527-
1598).

Queen Mary.
PHILIP.

And following our own shadows thrice as long
As when they follow'd us from Philip's door,
Arrived and found the sun of sweet content
Re-risen in Katie's eyes, and all things well

Father of Katie Willows.
The Brook.
PHILIP.

PHILIP RAY. See Enoch, Enoch
Arden.

PHILIP (de Eleemosyna).

Pope's Almoner ; called the
Abbot of l'Aumone ; was of
the Cistercian order.

Becket.

PHILIP (Philip Edgar, afterwards
Mr. Harold). See Eva.

Promise of May.

PHILIP EDGAR (afterwards Mr.
Harold). See Eva.

Promise of May.

PHILIP HAROLD (Philip Edgar).
See Eva.

Promise of May.

PHILIP HEDGAR (Edgar).
See Eva.

Promise of May.

PHI]

235

[PHR

PHILIPPINES.

An archipelago, lying between
the China Sea in the west, and
the Pacific Ocean in the east.
Queen Mary.

PHLEGETHON.

That oft had seen the serpent- wanded power
Draw downward into Hades with his drift
Of flickering spectres, lighted from below
By the red race of fiery Phlegethon :

In Greek mythology a river
of hell.

Demeter and Persephone.

PHCEBE.

A priestess in the temple of
Artemis, along with Camma.
Camma's husband Sinnatus was
slain by Synorix. Camma
married Synorix, and seemed
to have no fear of him. Phoebe
reminded her of the shyness
with which she faced her first
marriage, and was horrified to
think that Camma should marry
and ' clasp a hand Red with the
blood of Sinnatus ? ' but she
endured it all that she might
pass to Sinnatus on the other
side of Death, and tell him that
he was avenged.

The Cup.

PHOSPHOR.

Bright Phosphor, fresher for the night,
By thee the world's great work is heard
Beginning, and the wakeful bird ;

Behind thee comes the greater light :

The light-bringer or morning
star.

In Memoriam.

PHOSPHORUS.

The personification of the
' Morning-star.' The name of
a knight — one of four brothers
— who kept the passages of

Castle Perilous where the lady
Lyonors was held captive, and
who was overthrown by sir
Gareth.

Gareth and Lynette.

PHRA-BAT.

The footstep of the Lord on
a rock. See Phra-Chai.

To Ulysses.

PHRA-CHAI.

The shadow of the Lord.
Certain obscure markings on
a rock in Siam, which express
the image of Buddha to the
Buddhist more or less dis-
tinctly according to the faith
and his moral worth. — Poet's
Note.

To Ulysses.

PHRYNE.

Becket. Where, my liege ? With'Phryne,
Or Lias, or thy Rosamund, or another ?

Has reference to Phryne, a
Greek courtesan. On account
of her beauty she obtained
numerous suitors who lavished
gifts upon her so freely that
she became exceedingly rich.
She was a model to Praxiteles
for his statue of Venus. Being
accused of profanity she was
brought before the Tribunal,
and was defended by Hyperides,
one of her lovers ; but seeing
that the eloquence of Hyperides
failed to convince the judges,
she exposed her person, and
was immediately acquitted,
and carried in triumph to the
temple of Venus.

Becket.

PIA]

236

[PIL

PIACENZA.

An old Italian city.

The Daisy.

PICUS.

■ But who was he, that in the garden snared
Picus and Faunus, rustic Gods ?

King of Latium, son of
Saturn, and the Italian god of
agriculture. He married the
nymph Canens, and became
the father of Faunus. When
out hunting in the woods one
day he was met by Circe, who
changed him into a woodpecker,
because he rejected her love
and was faithful to Canens.

Lucretius.

PIERIAN.

If the lips were touch'd with fire from off a
pure Pierian altar,

A regular epithet for the
muses.

Parnassus.
PIERO.

Piero was cruelly murdered
by the captain of a band of
highwaymen. The reason given
by his wife for such an outrage
is

1 the Bandit had woo'd me in vain, and he
stabb'd my Piero with this.

The bandit dragged the
woman to his cave in the moun-
tain, where she lived in hatred
of her husband's murderer,
crying to the saints to avenge.
On the birth of a son, however,
there seemed to be a little less
hatred between them. Being
tracked by the police, the bandit
accidentally strangled the child
as he utter'd a cry. The
woman's loathing revived, she
stabbed him as he slept, put

the head in a cloth, and set out
to receive the promised ransom.

You have set a price on his head : I may claim
it without a lie.

* * *

For I with this dagger of his — do you doubt
me ? Here is his head !

Bandit's Death.
PIERO.

The dead lover of Elisabetta,
nurse to Count Federigo degli
Alberighi. Elisabeth remon-
strated with the count for
his extravagance towards the
lady Giovanni for whom he had
bought a diamond necklace, and
pointing to her own said :

they are but blue beads — my Piero,
God rest his honest soul, he brought 'em for

me,
Ay, but he knew I meant to marry him.

The Falcon.

PIGEON.

A well-known bird of the
genus Columba.

Audley Court ; The Brook ;
Gareth and Lynette.

PIKE.

A large fresh-water fish.
Village Wife.

PILATE.

Pontius Pilate.

Becket.

PILGRIM'S PROGRESS.

More like the picture
Of Christian in my ' Pilgrim's Progress ' here
Bow'd to the dust beneath the burthen of sin.

An allegory by John Bunyan,
recounting the adventures of
the hero Christian in journey-
ing from the City of Destruction
to the heavenly Jerusalem. It
was written by Bunyan during
his imprisonment in Bedford
jail, between 1660 and 1672.
Promise of May.

PIN]

237

[POI

PINDAR.

Fair things are slow to fade away,
Bear witness you, that yesterday

From out the Ghost of Pindar in you
Roll'd an Olympian ;

The greatest lyric poet of
Greece.

To Processor J ebb.

PINE.

A cone-bearing evergreen
tree.

Leonine Elegiacs ; Two
Voices ; CEnone ; Lotos-
Eaters ; Amphion ; The
Voyage ; Aylmer's Field ;
Lucretius ; The Princess ;
Ode on the death of the Duke
of Wellington ; A Welcome
to Her Royal Highness
Marie Alexandrovna, Duch-
ess of Edinburgh ; The
Daisy ; To Rev. F. D.
Maurice ; The Islet ; The
Window ; Maud ; Gareth
and Lynette ; Lover's Tale ;
Voyage of Maeldune ; To
Ulysses ; Progress of Spring;
Death of CEnone ; Bandit's
Death ; Queen Mary ;
Becket ; The Cup.

PLANE.

= a tree of the genus Platanus.
Lucretius ;
The Princess ; The Cup.

PLANTAGENET.

What songs below the waning stars
The lion-heart, Plantagenet,
Sang looking thro' his prison bars ?

Refers to the songs supposed
to have been composed by
Richard I during his captivity.
Margaret.

PLANTAGENET.

A line of English kings who

reigned from the extinction
of the Norman line to the
accession of the Tudor, 1154-
1485. See Geoffrey.

Queen Mary ; The Foresters,

PLANTAIN.

A common weed, with
broad, strong leaves.

Aylmer's Field.

PLATO.

A Greek philosopher, 427-347

B.C.

Palace of Art ; Lucretius ;
The Princess ; Sisters
{Evelyn and Edith).

PLEIADS.

A cluster of seven stars ; ap-
plied in Greek mythology to
seven Greek poets

Canst thou bind the sweet influences of

Pleiades,
Or loose the bands of Orion ?

Job xxxviii. 31.

Locksley Hall ; Queen Mary.

PLOVER.

= the lapwing.
May Queen ; Come not,
when, etc. ; Geraint and
Enid ; Happy ; Becket.

POET-SATYR.

Poet of the poet-satyr
Whom the laughing shepherd bound with
flowers ;

Silenus, who was caught
asleep and bound with flowers
as narrated in Virgil's Sixth
Eclogue.

To Virgil.

POINET (JOHN).

Bishop of Winchester ; be-
came a convert to the reformed
faith, and was appointed chap-

POI]

238

[PON

lain to archbishop Cranmer in
1547. Created bishop of Ro-
chester by Edward VI in 1550
and translated to Winchester
in the following year. On the
accession of Mary he was de-
prived and fled to Strasburg
where he died in 1556.

Cranmer. To Strasburg, Antwerp, Frank-
fort, Zurich, Worms,
Geneva, Basle — our Bishops from their sees
Or fled, they say, or flying — Poinet, Barlow,
Bale, Scory, Coverdale ;

Queen Mary.
POITEVINS.

I learn but now that those poor Poitevins,

= The people of Poitou.
Becket.
POITOU.

A province of France.

Harold.
POLAND.

Shall I weep if a Poland fall ? shall I shriek
if a Hungary fail?

Has reference to the Polish
insurrection against Russia in
1 83 1. The rebellion proving
a failure, Cracow, which had
been hitherto an indepen-
dent state was annexed to
Austria, and the remainder of
the kingdom of Poland was
made a constitutional monarchy
under the Czar of Russia.

Maud ; Poland.

POLE (Reginald). See Reginald
Pole.

POLECAT.

An animal of the weasel kind,
which has glands secreting a
disagreeable odour.

The Foresters.
POLLIO.

Chanter of the Pollio, glorying in the blissful
years again to be.

Roman historian and poet ;

the Pollio is the fourth Eclogue
of Virgil, which the poet dedi-
cated to him.

To Virgil.

POLYTHEISM.

The doctrine of the belief
in a plurality of gods each with
a sphere of his own, and each
a personification of some ele-
mental power in the govern-
ment of the world.

Akbar's Dream.

PONTHIEU.

A French province.

Harold.

PONTIC.

To Ulysses.

PONTIGNY.

A French village possessing
a famous Cistercian monastery
built in the twelfth century,
and the monastery in which
Becket took refuge when he
fled to France in 1164.

Becket.

PONTIUS.

That Pontius and Iscariot by my side
Show'd like fair seraphs.

=Pontius Pilate.

St. Simeon Stylites.

PONTUS.

An ancient district of Asia
Minor on the south-east coast
of the Euxine or Black Sea. In
Pontus a native monarchy
arose soon after 400 b.c. which
reached its chief importance
under Mithridates VI the
Great, who carried on several
wars with Rome. In 63 B.C.
after the conquest of Mithri-

POP]

239

[PRO

dates, Pompey made the western
half a Roman province, and in
63 a.d. the eastern half was also
added to the Roman empire.
The Cup.

POPLAR.
POPLAR-TREE.

A tree of the genus Populus.
Leonine Elegiacs ; Mari-
ana ; Ode to Memory ;
Amphion ; In Memoriam ;
Lancelot and Elaine ;
Sisters (Evelyn and Edith) ;
Voyage of Maeldune ; Balin
and Balan ; The Cup.

POPPY.

A plant of the genus Papaver
having large showy flowers.

Lotos-Eaters ; Dora ; The
Princess ; Last Tourna-
ment ; Voyage of Maeldune;
Spinster's Sweet- Arts ; The
Tourney.

PORTUGAL.

Sisters (Evelyn and Edith).

PRASUTAGUS.

King of the Iceni, husband
of queen Boadicea. On his
deathbed, 60 a.d., he made the
emperor Nero with his two
daughters joint heir of his
wealth, in the hope of securing
Nero's protection for his family
and the people of Iceni ; but
no sooner was he dead than the
Romans seized the territory
and treated the inhabitants with
cruelty, who under Boadicea
(q.v.) rose against them but were
(defeated.

Boadicea.

PRESTER JOHN.

Or clutch'd the sacred crown of Prester John
And cast it to the Moor :

A supposed king and priest
who is said to have reigned over
a kingdom in the interior of
Asia. This idea was universal
until the beginning of the
fourteenth century when it was
transferred to Ethiopia and the
title applied to a ruler of
the Abyssinian kingdom. He
claimed to have been the
mightiest monarch on earth,
no less than seventy-two kings
being his tributaries. In 1221
he was defeated by Genghis
Khan, one of the tributary
kings who had revolted against
him.

Columbus.
PRIVET.

A shrub, much used for
hedges.

Walking to the Mail.

PROSERPINE.

In Italian mythology the
daughter of Zeus and Demeter ;
identified with the Greek Perse-
phone" (q-v). Whilst gather-
ing wild asphodels in the
fields of Enna was seized and
carried off by Pluto to the
infernal regions and made queen
of Hades.

she moved
Like Proserpine in Enna, gathering flowers

She married Pluto and became
the mother of the Furies.

Edwin Morris.
PROVENCAL.

Nay, if I took and translated that hard
heart into our Provencal facilities, I could
so play about it with the rhyme —

Becket.

PRO]

240

[PYR

PROVENCE.

A province of southern
France.

Lover's Tale ; Becket.

PSYCHE.

Lady Psyche was one of the
tutors at the female college
founded by princess Ida, heroine
of The Princess. She was sup-
posed to be a person possessing
a very charming manner, and
was essentially feminine both
in heart and manner. Her
abilities as a lecturer were
marked and to her abilities
Cyril paid a delicate compli-
ment when he, disguised as a
girl student, gained admission
into the college.

The Princess.

PSYCHE.

The long-limb'd lad that had a Psyche too :

In Greek mythology a beau-
tiful maiden, the youngest of
three daughters of a king, repre-
sented as the personification
of the Human Soul. She was
loved by Cupid who carried
her away to a palace where he
visited her without being identi-
fied. Psyche could not however
resist the curiosity of knowing
who he was, and lit a lamp, when
a drop of oil fell on Cupid's
shoulder, which awoke him and
he fled. She then wandered
from place to place in search
of her lover, until she came to
the palace of Venus, who, being
jealous of her beauty, made her
her slave, but ultimately Cupid
came to her rescue, married

her and bestowed on her im-
mortality.

The Princess.

PTARMIGAN.

and know
The ptarmigan that whitens ere his hour
Woos his own end ;

A species of grouse. The
colour of this bird varies, being
brownish-gray in summer and
white in winter.

Last Tournament.

PUBLIUS.

Captain of a band of Roman
soldiers, and guard to Synorix,,
from whom he received orders
to capture as traitors any one
who was talking with Synorix
when he cried ' Rome, Rome.*
Publius was also present in the
temple at the murder of Sin-
natus by Synorix, and helped
to bear away the body from the
temple for burial.

The Cup.

PUMPY.

Scizzars an' Pumpy was good uns to goa

Thruf slush an' squad

When roads was bad,
But hallus ud stop at the Vine-an'-the-Hop,
Fur boath on 'em knawed as well as mysen
That beer be as good fur 'erses as men.

Name of a horse.

Promise of May.

P. W.

Poor Philip, of all his lavish waste of words
Remains the lean P. W. on his tomb :

= Philip Willows ; father of
Katie Willows.

The Brook.

PYRENEAN.

Till o'er the hills her eagles flew
Beyond the Pyrenean pines,

= The Pyrenees.

Ode on the death of the Duke
of Wellington,

PYT]

241

[QUI

PYTHAGORAS.

And once for ten long weeks I tried
Your table of Pythagoras,

= A vegetarian diet, as recom-
mended by Pythagoras, the
famous Greek philosopher, and
adopted by Fitzgerald.

To E. Fitzgerald.

QUAIL.

A bird closely allied to the
partridge.

Audley Court.

QUEEN 0' THE MAY.

The chief character in the
poem entitled the May Queen.
The poem is divided into three
parts, and opens

You must wake and call me early, call me

early, mother dear :
To-morrow 'ill be the happiest time of all the

glad New-year ;
Of all the glad New-year, mother, the maddest

merriest day ;
For I'm to be Queen o' the May, mother, I'm

to be Queen o' the May.

The second portion, entitled
New Tear's Eve, opens with a
request from the girl to her
mother to call her early on the
first morning of the year :

If you're waking call me early, call me early
mother dear,

For I would see the sun rise upon the glad New-
year.

It is the last New- year that I shall ever see.

Then you may lay me low i' the mould and
think no more of me.

Later on in the poem we
find the girl lying seriously ill,
but longs to live until the
snowdrop comes :

There's not a flower on all the hills : the frost

is on the pane :
I only wish to live till the snowdrops come

again :
I wish the snow would melt and the sun come

out on high :
I long to see a flower so before the day I die.

Towards the end of the poem
she charges her sister to look after
her little garden :

She'll find my garden-tools upon the granary
floor :

Let her take 'em : they are hers : I shall never
garden more :

But tell her, when I'm gone, to train the rose-
bush that I set

About the parlour- window and the box »f
mignonette.

The girl however lingers long
enough to see not only the
snowdrop but also the violet :

I thought to pass away before, and yet alive

I am ;
And in the fields all round I hear the bleating

of the lamb.
How sadly, I remember, rose the morning of

the year !
To die before the snowdrop came, and now

the violet's here.

and as the girl lies in her
mother's arms at the point of
death, happy in the anticipation
of meeting her mother and
sister in the world beyond, the
poem concludes :

O sweet and strange it seems to me, that ere

this day is done
The voice, that now is speaking, may be

beyond the sun —
For ever and for ever with those just souls

and true —
And what is life, that we should moan ? why

make we such ado ?

For ever and for ever, all in a blessed home —
And there to wait a little while till you and

Effie come —
To he within the light of God, as I lie upon

your breast —
And the wicked cease from troubling, and the

weary are at rest.

May Queen.

QUINCE.

A tree belonging to the same
tribe as the apple.

Balin and Balan.

QUINTUS CALABER.

And read a Grecian tale re- told,
Which cast in later Grecian mould,

Quintus Calaber
Somewhat lazily handled of old ;

A poet, who wrote in four-
teen books a Greek poem as a
continuation of Homer's Iliad
in the third century.

To the Master of Balliol.
R

RAB]

RABBIT.

A rodent quadruped of the
hare family.

Aylmer's Field ; Queen
Mary ; Promise of May.

RACHEL.

Fairer than Rachel by the palmy well,

Has reference to the first
meeting of Jacob and Rachel
at the well of Haran. Genesis

XX%X •

Aylmer's Field.

RAGGED-ROBIN.

A common wild-flower of
the campion kind, its petals
having a ragged appearance,
hence its name.

Marriage of Geraint.
RAHAB.

Pole. The scarlet thread of Rahab saved
her life ;
And mine, a little letting of the blood.

Has reference to Rahab who
received the spies sent by-
Joshua to spy out Jericho.
Queen Mary.
RALPH.

Sir Ralph, an old knight,
who evidently took part in the
Crusades.

'And that was old Sir Ralph's at Ascalon,'

It was near Ascalon that the
Crusaders in 1099 under God-
frey de Bouillion defeated a
superior army sent by the sultan
of Egypt to capture Jerusalem.
A statue of Sir Ralph in orange
scarf and silken sash evidently
adorned princess Ida's college,
but when prince Arac and
princess Ida were wedded,
the knight was disrobed of his
feminine attire, and was seen

242

[RAT

once more standing in the
armour that befitted his sex and
profession.

The Princess.
RALPH.

Ralph, a knight, and lover of
Edith Montfort. He took part
in a tournament, won it, and
was crowned by his lady-love,
and won the admiration of his
king.

The Tourney.

RALPH.

RALPH BAGENHALL.

Sir Ralph Bagenhall ; the
only member of the House of
Commons who protested against
reconciliation with Rome in
1556, for which he was com-
mitted to the Tower.

Queen Mary.
RAM.

= A male sheep.

Last Tournament.
RANDULF.

Grim. And one of the De Brocs is with
them, Robert,
The apostate monk that was with Randulf
here.

The brother of Robert de
Broc.

Becket.
RAPHAEL.

What fame ? I am not Raphael, Titian — no
Not even a Sir Joshua, some will cry.

The celebrated painter, sculp-
tor and architect.

Romney's Remorse.

RAT.

A rodent quadruped of the
genus Mus.

The Foresters ; Walking to
the Mail ; Maud ; Merlin

RAV]

243

[REG

and Vivien ; Pelleas and
Ettarre ; Ozvd Rod ; Queen
Mary ; The Falcon ; Pro-
mise of May.

RAVEN.

A large bird of the crow
family.

Boddicea ; Maud ; Guine-
vere ; Rizpab ; Battle of
Brunanburh ; Merlin and
the Gleam ; Harold ; The
Foresters.

RAY (Philip). See Enoch, Enoch
Arden.

RAYMOND OF POITOU.

Have we not heard
Raymond of Poitou, thine own uncle —

Raymond I, prince of Antioch.
Becket.

REDCAP.

A bird of the goldfinch
family, having a conical crest
of red feathers on the top of
its head.

Gardener's Daughter.

REDHATS.

But the King hath bought half the College
of Redhats.

= Cardinals.

Becket.

RED SEA.

An inland sea between
Africa and Asia.

To the Marquis of Dufferin
and Ava.

REFORM.

Name of a horse.

The Brook.

REGGIO.

An Italian seaport.

The Daisy.

REGINALD.
REGINALD FITZURSE.

Eldest son of Richard Fitz-
urse and the principal actor
in the murder of Thomas
Becket. For some years he re-
sided at Williton in Somerset.
After the murder he escaped
with his fellow-murderers to
Saltwood castle, and finally
to Knaresborough-the home of
de Morville, where they re-
mained for about a year, after
which Fitzurse went to Rome
to receive sentence by the pope
and was sent to expiate his sins
at Jerusalem.

Becket.

REGINALD POLE

Cardinal archbishop of' Can-
terbury, son of sir Richard Pole.
Appointed to various benefices
by Henry VIII and upon the
death of Wolsey refused the
aichbishoprick of York. Being
attainted of treason he fled to
Italy and settled for some years
in Padua ; opposed the royal
divorce and was deprived of all
his preferments. In 1536 he
was summoned to Rome by the
pope who appointed him a
cardinal, and sent him to the
French king, Francis I, to stir
him to war against England ;
was one of the legates sent to
open the Council of Trent,
1545. On the accession of
Mary he was appointed papal
legate to England, to arrange
with queen Mary as to the best
means of bringing the kingdom

REN]

244

[RIC

again in subjection to the
papal see, and upon his arrival
in England was created arch-
bishop of Canterbury. In 1557
his legation was cancelled and
he was summoned to Rome on
the charge of heresy, but falling
ill, died on the same day as
queen Mary, November 17,
1558, and was buried in St.
Thomas' Chapel, Canterbury.
Queen Mary.

RENARD (Simon). See Simon,
Simon Renard.

REVEILLEE.

The beat of drum, or bugle
blast, about break of day, to give
notice that it is time for soldiers
to rise.

In Memoriam.

REVENGE, THE.

The ship commanded by sir
Richard Grenville (q-v.) in
lord Howard's squadron which
was attacked by the Spanish
fleet off the Azores in August
1591.

The Revenge.

RHINE.

The principal river of
Germany.

In Memoriam.

RHODOPE.

The Rhodope, that bui t the pyramid.

Has reference to Rhodopis,
a courtesan of ancient Greece
who lived about 600 b.c. There
is a Greek legend that she built
the third pyramid, but in
reality it was the work of
Nicotris.

A statelier pyramis to her I'll rear
Than Rhodope's of Memphis, ever was :
Shakespeare : / Henry VI. Act i. SceneX vi.

The Princess.
RICHARD (the first, Coeur de
Lion).

King of England, third son
of Henry II. In n 89 took the
vow of a crusader and in the
following year proceeded to the
East with Philip Augustus of
France, leaving the bishop of
Ely to carry on the government
at home. Richard displayed
valour against Saladin whom
he defeated near Caesarea, but
having concluded a peace set
out for England. His vessel
being shipwrecked on the coast
of Italy, he made his way in
disguise through the dominions
of his natural enemy Leopold
of Austria, but being recognized
was arrested and handed over
to the emperor, Henry VI, who
confined him in a castle in the
Tyrol, bound with chains. At
length he was ransomed by his
subjects for 150,000 marks and
arrived in England in 1104.
He found his dominions in great
confusion owing to the intrigue
of Philip of France and John
his brother, but rapidly made
himself master of the castles
which held out for John — who
submitted and was pardoned —
was in 1194 crowned a second
time. He is supposed about
this time to have visited Robin
Hood in Sherwood Forest. On
May 12, 1 194, he left England
and invaded France with a
large army, and while besieging

RIC]

245

[RID

the castle of Chaluz in Aquitaine
was wounded. He died on
April 6, 1 199, and was buried
in the Abbey Church of
Fontevraud.

The Foresters.

RICHARD (the Third).

King of England, son of
Richard, duke of York. On
the death of Edward IV he
assumed the title of Pro-
tector, and on July 6, 1483,
was crowned king. Shortly
afterwards the two princes
were murdered in the Tower,
there being strong suspicion
that Richard himself was con-
cerned in their murder. Dis-
gusted with his cruelty and the
usurpation of the crown, Henry,
son of Edmund Tudor, who
was in Brittany, was invited to
invade England, and landing at
Milford Haven marched to
Bosworth in Leicestershire where
Richard was defeated and slain,
Henry being crowned king on
the field.

Queen Mary.

RICHARD (de Brito). See De
Brito.

RICHARD.

RICHARD GRENVILLE.

A gallant seaman in Eliza-
beth's time ; took part in the
defeat of the Armada. In
1 591, while commanding the
Revenge, engaged singlehanded
the entire Spanish fleet off the
Azores, and, after a desperate
fight of eighteen hours, sur-
rendered and was carried

wounded on board the Spanish
flagship San Philip, where
he died.

And the stately Spanish men to their flagship

bore him then,
Where they laid him by the mast, old Sir

Richard caught at last,
And they praised him to his face with their

courtly foreign grace ;
But he rose upon their decks, and he cried :
' I have fought for Queen and Faith like a

valiant man and true ;
I have only done my duty as a man is bound

to do :
With a joyful spirit I Sir Richard Grenville

die ! '
And he fell upon their decks, and he died.

The Revenge.
RICHARD.
RICHARD LEA.
RICHARD OF THE LEA.

Sir Richard Lea, father of
Maid Marian.

The Foresters.

RICHARD.

That traitor to King Richard and the truth,

Richard II, king of England
from 1377 to 1399.

Sir John Oldcastle,
Lord Cobham.

RIDLEY (Nicholas).

Bishop of London ; descended
from an ancient Northumber-
land family ; became chaplain
to archbishop Cranmer in 1537
and chaplain to king Henry
VIII in 1 541. Appointed by
Edward VI bishop of Rochester,
and took part in the framing
of the Articles and Homilies.
On the deprivation of Bonner,
bishop of London, Ridley
was appointed his successor.
Visited the princess Mary at
Hunsdon, but failed to shake
her adherence to the Roman
Catholic faith, and conse-
quently signed the will of Ed-
ward VI settling the crown on

RINJ

246

[ROB

lady Jane Grey. On Mary's
accession was deprived and sent
to the Tower, thence — with
Latimer and Cranmer — to Ox-
ford, and on refusing to recant
was condemned, and with
Latimer (q.v.) burnt to death
opposite Balliol College, Oxford,

1555.

Queen Mary.

RINGDOVE.

A wood-pigeon, so-called from
a white ring on the neck.

Talking Oak ; Queen Mary.

ROA.

Name of a dog.

Owd Rod.

ROAVER.

Name of a dog.

Owd, Rod.

ROB.

Name of man and cat.

Spinster's Sweet-arts.

ROBBY.

Name of man and cat.

Spinster's Sweet-arts.
ROBERT.

Sir Robert, mentioned by
Everard Hall, during an enter-
tainment at Audley Court.
Francis Hale, his friend, sang
a song ; Everard replying with
one also, explaining

I found it in a volume, all of songs,

Knock'd down to me, when old Sir Robert's

pride —
His books — the moie the pity, so I said —
Came to the hammer here in March —

Sir Robert was evidently a
literary person.

Audley Court.
ROBERT.

Wedded to Letty Hill, a

millionaire's daughter. She fell
in love with a man who came
to spend a holiday near her
home, but acting under the
influence of her relatives she
forsook him, to marry Sir
Robert.

They wedded her to sixty thousand pounds,
To lands in Kent and messuages in York,
And slight Sir Robert with his watery smile
And educated whisker.

Edwin Morris.
ROBERT.

Grim. And one of the De Brocs is with

them, Robert,
The apostate monk that was with Randulf

here.

Robert de Broc. A monk.
Becket.

ROBERT.

ROBERT OF JUMIEGES.

Archbishop of Canterbury,
a Norman by birth. Prior of
St. Ouen at Rouen, and in 1037
was appointed Abbot. Accom-
panied Edward the Confessor
to England in 1043, who ap-
pointed him bishop of London
in the following year. Opposed
the earl of Godwin with the re-
sult that the earl and his family
were driven into exile, but upon
Godwin's return in 1052 he
fled to Walton-on-the-Naze in
Essex where he embarked for
Normandy. Being deprived of
his See, he went to Rome to lay
the matter before the pope,
who ordered his reinstatement,
but he did not regain possession
of it. On his return from Rome
he went to Jumiege8, where he
died and was buried near the
high altar of the Abbey Church.
Harold.

ROB]

247

[ROB

ROBIN.

Friend and playmate of the
' May Queen,' who thinks she is
dying, and bids farewell to her
friends, of whom Robin is one.

And say to Robin a kind word, and tell him
not to fret ;

* « *

If I had lived — I cannot tell — I might have
been his wife ;

May Queen.

ROBIN.

Subject of a song sung by a
milkmaid, beginning

Shams upon you, Robin,
Shame upon you now.

Queen Mary.

ROBIN.

ROBIN HOOD.

ROBIN OF HUNTINGDON.

A famous outlaw, who, with
his companions — the most noted
of whom were Little John, Will
Scarlet, Much, the miller's
son, his chaplain, Friar Tuck, and
his paramour Maid Marian —
inhabited the forest of Sher-
wood in Nottingham. He is
identified with Robin, earl of
Huntingdon, and was born at
Locksley, Nottingham, in the
reign of Henry II.

' In Locksly town, in merry Nottinghamshire,
In merry sweet Locksly town,
There bold Robin Hood was born and was
bred,
Bold Robin of famous renown.'

,Sloane MS.

He was skilled in archery, and
his exploits and those of his
merry men, are the subject of
many ballads and tales. Robin
Hood's Bay, on the east coast
of Yorkshire, is said to owe its
name to the tradition of Robin
Hood, whose arrows shot from
the tower of Whitby reached

three miles distant. He robbed
the rich only, being particularly
fond of pillaging prelates, whom
he seems to have held in decided

These byshoppes and thyse archebyshoppes
Ye shall them bete and bynde.

He gave freely to the poor,
and protected the needy.

The performance of the
Morrice Dance, which was so
common in the fourteenth
century — and to some degree
still extant — has been associated
with Robin Hood's forest games,
and his jovial life in the green
glades of Sherwood, when Robin
Hood and Maid Marian and
Friar Tuck were the chief char-
acters, which company also
included the Hobby-horse and
the Fool.

The merry pranks he playd, would aske an

age to tell,
And the adventures strange that Robin Hood

befell,
When Mansfield many a time for Robin hath

bin layd,
How he that cosned them, that him would

have betrayd ;
How often he hath come to Nottingham dis-

guisd,
And cunningly escapt, being set to be surprizd.
In this our spacious Isle, I thinke there is not

one,
But he hath heard some talke of him and

Little John :
And to the end of time, the Tales shall ne'r be

done,
Of Scarlock, George a Greene, and Much, the

Millers sonne,
Of Tuck, the merry Frier, which many a Ser-
mon made,
In praise of Robin Hood, his Out-lawes, and

their Trade.

Drayton : Polyolbion. Five and twentieth

Song.

He is supposed to have been
intentionally bled to death at
the age of eighty-seven in the
Cistercian nunnery at Kirklees
in Yorkshire, about the year
II47.

It is said that when Robin
perceived the treachery which

ROB]

248

[ROC

had been practised on him, he
blew a loud blast on his bugle-
horn. The call reached the
ears of Little John, who hastened
from the adjoining forest of
Kirklees, and forced his way into
the chamber where the dying
chieftain lay, who, according
to an old ballad, made the
following request :

Give me my bent bow in my hand,

And a broad arrow I'll let flee ;
And where this arrow is taken up,

There shall my grave digg'd be.
Lay me a green sod under my head,

And another at my feet,
And lay my bent bow by my side,

Which was my music sweet,
And make my grave of gravel and green,

Which is most right and meet.
Let me have length and breadth enough,

With a green sod under my head,
That they may say, when I am dead,

' Here lies bold Robin Hood.'
These words they readily promised him,

Which did bold Robin please,
And there they buried bold Robin Hood,

Near to the fair Kirkleys.

The bow being placed in his
hand by Little John, Robin
discharged it through the open
window, and the arrow alighted
on a spot where according to
tradition he was afterwards
interred. On a stone within
the railings surrounding the
grave is the following inscription:

' Hear Underneath dis laitl stean
Laz Robert earl of Huntingtun
Ne'er arcir ver az hie sa geud
An pipl kauld im Robin Heud
Sick utlawz as hi an iz men
Vil England nivr si agen
Obiit 24 Kal Dekembris 1247.'

Robin Hood has been made
the hero of many tales and ad-
ventures by romancers and
poets. The first historical allu-
sion is found in Piers Plough-
man, by William Langland,
which, according to Skeat,
cannot be older than
about 1377. In I420 Wyn-

town published his Scottish
Chronicle, and at the com-
mencement of the sixteenth
century he is mentioned in
Mair's History of Great Britain.
After the introduction of the
art of printing in England by
Caxton in 1477, there appeared
a collection of Robin Hood
Ballads entitled Here beginneth a
little geste of Robin Hood and his
meiny : and of the proud Sheriff
of Nottingham, and towards the
end of the same century a play
by Anthony Munday, The
Downfall of Robert, Earl of
Huntingdon, made its appear-
ance. Reference is also made
to him in Michael Drayton's
Polyolbion, Song XXV Lincoln-
shire, published about 1622.
In 1 82 1 Joseph Ritson pub-
lished his Robin Hood Ballads,
and some years afterwards
appeared Campbell's A His-
torical Sketch of Robin Hood.
The Foresters.
ROBIN.

Robin-redbreast, a bird with
a reddish breast.

Locksley Hall ; Enoch Arden.

ROBINS.

A farm hand mentioned by an
old farmer, who was fast failing,
though he refused to believe
so, as he had so much work to do.
He said that God

' a mowt 'a taaen young Robins — a niver
mended a fence :

Northern Farmer, Old Style.

ROCHESTER.

A city and seaport in Kent.
Queen Mary.

ROG]

249

[ROG

ROGER.

A servant.

Queen Mary.

ROGER.

ROGER OF YORK.

Archbishop of York. With
Becket was brought up at the
court of Theobald, archbishop
of Canterbury. In 1148 he was
made archdeacon of Canter-
bury, and six years later was
created archbishop of York.
On the election of Becket,
Roger claimed the right of
consecrating him, but his claim
was rejected. He however ob-
tained the pope's authority to
crown kings, which right was —
upon Becket protesting — with-
drawn. In 1 170 he performed
— in spite of Becket 's remon-
strances and the prohibition of
pope Alexander III — the coro-
nation ceremony of Henry IPs
son. Roger was suspended, and
upon Becket's return from exile
crossed over to Normandy and
complained to Henry that there
would be no peace so long as
Becket remained alive. Some
authorities consider that he
was mainly responsible for the
murder of the archbishop, for
after the murder he took an
oath before the archbishop of
Rouen that he was innocent
of the charge, and confessed
that he had not received per-
mission from the pope to crown
Henry's son king, and was
accordingly absolved. Ob-
tained permission to carry his

cross within the province of
Canterbury, and at the council
of Northampton in 1176 urged
that the Scottish Church should
be made subordinate to the
See of York ; which claim pope
Alexander III recognized in
1 180. He died in 1181 and
was buried in York Minster.
Becket.
ROGER ACTON.

Burnt — good Sir Roger Acton, my dear friend !

A Shropshire knight, exe-
cuted for taking part in Old-
castle's insurrection, 1414.

Sir John Oldcastle,
Lord Cobham.
ROGERS (John).

The first Marian martyr, was
born at Birmingham. Was
rector of Holy Trinity Church,
London, 1532-34, after which
he lived for some years at Ant-
werp, where he became inti-
mate with Tyndale, and be-
came a convert to Protestant-
ism ; published at Antwerp in
1637 what is known as Matthew 's
Bible. Returned to England
in 1548, and was appointed
rector of St. Margaret's Moyses,
London, and vicar of St.
Sepulchre's, London. In 1555,
upon the accession of Mary, he
preached at St. Paul's Cross
against Romanism ; was de-
prived of his benefice, and
imprisoned in Newgate ; and
after a long term of imprison-
ment was sentenced to death
for heresy and burnt at Smith-
field, February 1555.

Queen Mary.

ROL]

250

[ROS

ROLF.

A Ponthieu fisherman.

Harold.

ROME.

Lucretius ; The Princess ;
Boddicea ; Maud ; Com-
ing of Arthur ; Gareth
and Lynette ; Passing of
Arthur ; Columbus ; Locks-
ley Hall Sixty Tears After ;
To Virgil ; Freedom ; The
Ring ; Romney^s Remorse ;
St. Telemachus ; The Dawn ;
Queen Mary ; Harold ;
Becket ; The Cup.

RONALD (LORD).

Betrothed to lady Clare.
On the eve of his marriage he
was told by the lady that he was
the heir to all her lands, as she
was not the daughter of the late
earl, but,

I am a beggar born,' she said,
' And not the Lady Clare.'

Lord Ronald laugh'd ' a laugh
of merry scorn,' and assured
her that even if she were not the
heiress-born, on her marriage
on the morrow she would still
be lady Clare.

Lady Clare.

ROOD. See Holy Rood.

ROOK.

A species of crow, so called
from its croak. It is black, with
purple and violet reflections.

May Queen ; In Memoriam;

Marriage of Geraint ; The

Ring.

ROSA. See Monte Rosa.

ROSALIND.

The subject of a mournful
song by a man in a depressed
mood. He says ' that Hesperus
all things bringeth, soothing
the wearied mind : ' that Hes-
per comes in the morning, but
his Rosalind cometh not morn-
ing nor evening. He concludes
by saying :

False-eyed Hesper, unkind, where is my sweet
Rosalind J

Leonine Elegiacs.

ROSALIND.

The writer likens a girl —
Rosalind — to a bright-eyed fal-
con. She is a very high-spirited
girl, untamed, and also untame-
able.

Rosalind.

ROSALIND.

Lo, the'face again,
My Rosalind in this Arden — Edith — all
One bloom of youth, health, beauty, happi-
ness,

The charming daughter of
the banished duke in Shake-
speare's As You Like it. Dressed
in male attire and accompanied
by her cousin Celia, she seeks
her exiled father in the forest of
Arden.

Sisters {Evelyn and Edith).

ROSAMUND.

ROSAMUND DE CLIFFORD.

Jane Clifford, ' Rosamund the
Fair,' daughter of Walter, lord
Clifford, and mistress of Henry
II. She is supposed to have
been a nun in Godstow nunnery,
where Henry met her ; and to
keep her from the eyes of queen
Eleanor kept her in a bower of

ROS]

251

[ROS

Woodstock, which was sur-
rounded by a labyrinth. Here
she was, by a silken thread,
supposed to have been discovered
and poisoned by queen Eleanor,
a.d. 1 177.

But nothing could this furious queeu

Therewith appeased bee :
The cup of deadlye poyson stronge

As she knelt on her knee,
She gave this comelye dame to drinke ;

Who took it in her hand,
And from her bended knee arose,

And on her feet did stand.
And casting up her eyes to heaven,

She did for mercye calle ;
And drinking up the poyson stronge,

Her life she lost withalle.

Her body was buried in the
chapel of Godstow nunnery,
where candles were kept con-
tinually burning over her tomb
until the bishop of Lincoln in
1 191 caused them to be re-
moved.

Dream of Fair Women ;
Becket.

ROSE.

The daughter of a gardener
who was loved by an artist.
The latter gives an elaborate
description of her in her youth.
In conclusion he says

Behold her there,
As I beheld her ere she knew my heart,
My first, last love ; the idol of my youth,
The darling of my manhood,

Gardener's Daughter.
ROSE.

Rose, on this terrace fifty years ago,
When I was in my June, you in your May,
Two words ' My Rose ' set all your face aglow'
And now that I am white, and you are gray.

Sister of Mary Boyle.

Roses on the Terrace.

ROSE.
ROSETREE.

A fragrant flower and shrub
of the genus Rosa of many

species and varieties. It is the
favourite of poets and the
national emblem of England.
Ode to Memory ; A Spirit
Haunts ; A Dirge ; Ade-
line ; Two Voices ; CEnone ;
Palace of Art ; Lotos-
Eaters ; Gardener's Daugh-
ter ; Day-Dream ; Lady
Clare ; Vision of Sin ;
Enoch Arden ; Aylmer's
Field ; Lucretius ; The
Princess ; City Child ;
Hendecasyllabics ; The

Window ; In Memoriam ;
Maud ; Geraint and Enid ;
Balin and Balan ; Merlin
and Vivien ; Holy Grail ;
Pelleas and Ettarre ; Lover's
Tale ; Sir John Oldcastle,
Lord Cobham ; Voyage of
Maeldune ; The Wreck ;
Ancient Sage ; Tomorrow ;
Locksley Hall Sixty Tears
After ; On the Jubilee of
Queen Victoria ; Vastness ;
The Ring ; Happy ; Rom-
ney's Remorse ; Roses on the
Terrace ; The Snowdrop ;
Akbar's Dream ; Queen
Mary ; Harold ; Becket ;
Promise of May ; The
Foresters.

ROSE-CAMPION.

A garden plant with hand-
some crimson flowers.

Last Tournament.

ROSE-CARNATION.

A carnation striped with rose
colour.

In Memoriam.

ROS]

252

[SAA

ROSEMARY.

A small fragrant evergreen
shrub of a pungent taste growing
in the countries round the
Mediterranean. It is used as
an emblem of fidelity or con-
stancy.

There's rosemary, that's for remembrance ;
Shakespeare : Hamlet, Act IV. Scene v.

Gareth and Lynette.
ROSE OF LANCASTER.

Rose of Lancaster,
Red in thy birth, redder with household war,
Now reddest with the blood of holy men,
Redder to be, red rose of Lancaster —

= Wars of the Roses between
the houses of York and Lancaster.
Sir John Oldcastle,
Lord Cobham.

ROUND TABLE.

A Table made by Merlin the
magician for Uther the pen-
dragon. Uther gave it to king
Leodogran, and when king
Arthur married Guinevere
Leodogran gave him the table
with a hundred knights as a
wedding present, which tradi-
tion says is still preserved at
Winchester. The Table would
seat 150 knights and Arthur
instituted an order of Knight-
hood called ' the Knights of
the Round Table ' and each
seat was appropriated. One
of the seats was called the
* Siege Perilous ' and was re-
served for sir Galahad the
Pure, the only knight who could
occupy it with safety. Some
accounts say that the Round
Table was made in token of the
Toundness of the world, sug-
gested by the movement of the

Great Bear round the polar star.

But now the whole round table is dissolved
Which was an image of the mighty world ;

and others, that it was con-
structed in imitation of the
table used by our Lord and His
disciples at the Last Supper.
Round Tables were not un-
usual in the feudal age, for it is
placed on record that one of
the kings of Ireland had his
' Knights of the Round Table.'
Roger de Mortimer established
at Kenilworth a Round Table,
and Edward III had his Round
Table at Windsor said to be
200 feet in diameter. Tradi-
tion affirms that the earliest
use of the Round Tower at
Windsor Castle was as a meeting-
place for the knights of the
Garter.

Morte d? Arthur ; Pelleas
and Ettarre ; Last Tourna-
ment ; Passing of Arthur.

RUNNYMEDE.

A meadow on the banks of
the river Thames where king
John signed the Magna Charta,
June 15, 1215.

Third of February.

RUSSIA.

Locksley Hall Sixty Tears
After.
RUTH.

Fairer than Ruth among the fields of corn,
See Ruth ii.

Aylmer's Field.
S A AT AN (Satan).

Heer wur a fall fro' a kiss to a kick like Saatan
as fell <**"*

Down out o' heaven i' Hell-fire — thaw theer's
naw drinkin' i' Hell ;

Northern Cobbler.

SAB]

253

[ST

IA&SAN.

Dripping with Sabaan spice
On thy pillow, lowly bent
With melodious airs lovelorn,
Breathing Light against thy face,

=the region of Saba in
Arabia, celebrated for produc-
ing aromatic plants.

Adeline.

SABINE.

but she
That taught the Sabine how to rule,

Has reference to Egeria, a
nymph of ancient Italy who
taught Numa the Sabine, king
of Rome, the way to govern.
He used to meet her in a grove,
in which was a well, afterwards
dedicated by him to the Ca-
menae.

The Princess.

SAGRAMORE.

A knight of the Round Table.

Merlin and Vivien.

SAHIB.

An Indian term to a person
of rank.

Aylmer's Field.

ST. ANDREW.

One of the Apostles, brother
of St. Peter. Suffered martyr-
dom by crucifixion at Patrae
in Achaia.

Queen Mary.

ST. JAMES.

they led
Processions, chanted litanies, clash'd then-
bells,
Shot off their lying cannon, and her priests
Have preach'd, the fools, of this fair prince to

come; *»<

Till, by St. James,'I find myself the fool.

One of the Apostles, son of
Zebedee and brother of John.
Was the first martyr among
the Apostles, being put to death

by Herod Agrippa. Acts xii. 2.
Queen Mary.

ST. JOHN.

What saith St. John :—
' Love of this world is hatred against God.'

One of the Apostles, son of
Zebedee and brother of James.
Was banished to the Isle of
Patmos, where he wrote the
Gospel, the Epistles and the
Apocalypse.

Queen Mary.

ST. LAWRENCE.

The patience of St. Lawrence in the fire.

A deacon of the Church at
Rome who suffered martyrdom
by being broiled on a gridiron
in the time of Valerian, 258 a.d.
Queen Mary.

ST. MARY'S.

ST. MARY'S CHURCH.

A church in Oxford where
archbishop Cranmer was taken
to read his recantation in public,,
but instead of complying de-
nounced the errors of the Church
of Rome.

Queen Mary.
ST. PAUL.

Gardiner. Word of God'

In English ! over this the brainless loons
That cannot spell Esalas from St. Paul,
Make themselves drunk and mad, fly out and

flare
Into rebellions.

Originally called Saul ; the
Apostle of the Gentiles.

Queen Mary.
ST. PETER.

Has reference to St. Peter,.
the Apostle, originally called
Simon.

Queen Mary ; Becket.

ST. VALERY.

St. V.-sur-Somme, mouth o£

SAL]

254

[SAL

the river Somme. The port
from which William duke of
Normandy sailed for England.

Harold. Well then, we must fight.

How blows the wind ?

Gurth. Against St. Valery

And William.

Harold.
SAL.

A girl who drowned herself
in a pond in Gigglesby Wood
because she had been disgraced.
Spinster's Sweet-Arts.

SALADDEEN.

Nay, ev'n the accursed heathen Saladdeen —

Refers to Saladin, sultan of
Egypt and Syria, the Saracen
leader in the third crusade.

Becket.

SALAMANCA.

Were you at Salamanca ?

Has reference to the confer-
ence held in the Convent of St.
Stephen at Salamanca, in i486,
to consider the proposals of
Columbus. Famous for the
victory won by the duke of
Wellington over the French,
July 22, 1812.

Columbus.

SALEEM.

thou knowest how deep a well of love
My heart is for my son, Saleem, mine heir, —

Son of Akbar, the Mogul
emperor.

Akbar's Dream.

SALIQUE.

till warming with her theme
She fulmined out her scorn of laws Salique
And little-footed China,

The Laws Salique forbad the
succession to pass through the
female line. The laws origin-
ated amongst the Salic or Salian
Franks, a German tribe in the

fifth century. The accession of
Philip the Long to the throne
of France in 1337 seems to be
the first time on which it re-
ceived public sanction, Edward
III claiming the crown of
France in right of his mother
Isabella, daughter of the late
king Philip V, which claims
resulted in the outbreak of the
Hundred Years' War between
England and France.

The Princess.

SALISBURY (John of). See John
of Salisbury.

SALISBURY (Bishop of). See
Jocelyn.

SALLY.

The wife of a northern
cobbler, who had turned to
drink and ruined his home.
Sally was obliged to take in
washing to ' keep the wolf from
the door,' and during her •
absence her husband found her
earnings and spent it in drink.
Matters got worse, and when
drunk one evening he kicked his
wife. Good seemed to come
out of evil, for when the
cobbler saw Sally walking as if
lame, he was ashamed and made
a promise to touch drink no
more.

Northern Cobbler.

SALLY.

The dead wife of a northern
farmer, who must have exerted
a great deal of influence over
him, for his own words are :

SAL]

255

[SAN

An' I ballus coom'd to 's church afoor moy
Sally wur dead,

Northern Farmer, Old Style.

SALLY.
SALLY ALLEN.

A servant to farmer Dobson.
Promise of May.

SALT WOOD.

SALT WOOD CASTLE.

A castle near Hythe, in Kent.
When Henry II confiscated the
property of the See of Canter-
bury during the time Thomas
Becket (q.v) was an exile in
France, the castle was granted
by the king to Randulf de Broc.
Upon Becket's return to Eng-
land in 1 1 70 he denounced
and excommunicated De Broc,
and hurled a candle to the floor
in Canterbury Cathedral as a
symbol of the extinction of the
man whom he had cursed.
This castle was the destination
of the four knights — murderers
of Becket — upon their arrival
in England from Normandy in
1 170, and the place where they
laid their plans for the murder
of the archbishop, and having
accomplished their task, rode
back to the castle where they
remained during the night of
December 30, 1170.

They rode to Saltwood the night of the deed ;
the next day to South Mailing. On entering
the house they threw off their arms and trap-
pings on the dining-table, which stood in the
hall, and after supper gathered round the
blazing hearth. Suddenly the table started
back and threw its burthen to the ground.
The attendants, roused by the crash, rushed
in with lights, and replaced the arms. But
a second and still louder crash was heard,
and the various articles were thrown still
further off. Soldiers and servants with
torches scrambled in vain under the solid
table to find the cause of its convulsions, till
one of the conscience-stricken knights sug-
gested that it was indignantly refusing to
.bear the sacrilegious burthen of their arms

— the earliest and most memorable instance
of a rapping, leaping, and moving table.
Stanley : Memorials of Canterbury.

In the reign of John the
castle reverted once more to the
possessions of the Church, and
during the twelfth and thir-
teenth centuries was in the
occupation of various knights
as tenants of the archbishop
of Canterbury. At the disso-
lution of the monasteries it was
voluntarily presented to Henry
VIII by archbishop Cranmer.
Becket.

SAM.

SAMMY.

Foolish son of a modern
northern farmer, who, giving
him advice as to marriage, says :

' Doant thou marry for munny, but goa wheer
munny is ! '

His father also promised him
that if he married ' a good 'un '
he would leave the land to him.

Northern Farmer, New Style.

SAMIAN.

whene'er she moves
The Samian Here rises and she speaks
A Memnon smitten with the morning Sim.'

Refers to Samos an island off
Asia Minor, where a large
temple in honour of Here the
queen of Heaven was erected,
of which remains still exist.

The Princess.

SANDERS.

A man in a crowd who was
rebuked by Stephen Gardiner,
bishop of Winchester, for wear-
ing his cap before the queen
Mary. He offered an explana-
tion that he was so ' squeezed
among the crowd ' he could
not lift his hands to his head.

SAN]

256

[SAU

He refused at first to give his
name to Gardiner, but after-
wards said his name was Sanders,
and he lived in Cornhill at the
Sign of the Talbot.

Queen Mary.

SANGUELAC.

ss A bloody fountain.

According to tradition a San-
guelac, or a bloody fountain, is
said to have sprung up on the
hill of Senlac after the battle,
which prompted William the
Conqueror to found Battle
Abbey as an atonement for the
blood that had been shed, as
well as for a commemoration
of his victory.

Harold.
SAN PHILIP.

The flagship of the Spanish
fleet in the battle with sir
Richard Grenville (q.v.) off the
Azores in 1591.

The Revenge.

SAN SALVADOR.

An island in the West Indies
on which Columbus landed
on October 12, 1492. The
native name was Guanahani,
but Columbus changed it to
San Salvador.

and last the light, the light
On Guanahani ! but I changed the name ;
San Salvador I call'd it ;

Columbus.

SAPPHO.

arts of grace
Sappho and others vied with any man:

A poetess of ancient Greece
of the seventh century B.C.
She was a native of Mitylene
in Lebos and a contemporary
of Alcaeus and of Pittacus, who

banished her from Lebos. Of
her poetry only a few fragments
remain.

The Princess.
SARACEN.

Whatever wealth I brought from that new

world
Should, in this old, be consecrate to lead
A new crusade against the Saracen,
And free the Holy Sepulchre from thrall.

A name given by the Cru-
saders to the Mohammedans
in the Holy Land.

Columbus ; Queen Mary ;
Becket.
SASSENACH WHATE.

' Ochone are ye goin' away . ?
' Goin' to cut the Sasscnach-whate ' he says
' over the say ' —

English Wheat.

Tomorrow.

SATRAP.

when her Satrap bled
At Issus by the Syrian gates,

A governor of a province in
ancient Persia.

Alexander.
SATURN.

Still as, while Saturn J whirls, his stedfast

shade
Sleeps on his luminous ring.'

The planet of the solar system
which revolves on its own axis
in about io| hours. It is
surrounded by a bright ring
which, when the shadow Saturn
is cast upon it, appears motion-
less, though the body of the
planet revolves.

Palace of Art.
SAUL.

They say the gloom of Saul
Was lighten'd by young David's harp.

The first king of Israel, son
of Kish of the tribe of Ben-

jamin.
SAUL. See Paul.

Queen Mary.

SAV]

257

[SCO

SAVOY.

A duchy to the north-east
of France.

Queen Mary.
SCARBORO' CASTLE.

The Castle, now a ruin, was
built in the reign of Stephen,
and has been the scene of many
stirring events. Piers Gaveston,
the favourite of Edward II,
sought refuge here from the
barons in 131 2, but the earl
of Pembroke compelled him to
surrender and he was beheaded.
In the Pilgrimage of Grace it
was unsuccessfully besieged by
sir Robert Aske. During
Wyatt's rebellion in the reign
of Mary, sir Thomas Stafford,
grandson of the duke of Buck-
ingham who was an exile in
France, sailed from Dieppe with
two vessels manned by thirty
Englishmen and landing in
Yorkshire, surprised and cap-
tured the castle, but three days
afterwards it was retaken by
the earl of Westmorland, and
Stafford and all his men were
executed.

Sir Thomas Stafford, a bull- headed ass,
Sailing from France, with thirty Englishmen,
Hath taken Scarboro' Castle, north of York ;

It was in this castle that
George Fox, the first of the
people called Quakers, was im-
prisoned for his religious opin-
ions, in the reign of Charles I.
Queen Mary.

SCARLET.

Will Scarlet, one of the com-
panions of Robin Hood in
Sherwood Forest.

The Foresters.

SCARLETT.

Sir James Yorke Scarlett,
son of James Scarlett, first
baron Abinger. Appointed
General and Leader of the
Heavy Brigade in the Crimea,
and on October 25 led the
famous charge of the Heavy
Brigade at Balaclava. In 1855
he was appointed to com-
mand the entire British Cavalry
in the Crimea.

Charge of the Heavy Brigade
at Balaclava.

SCARLETT'S BRIGADE.

The brigade commanded by

sir James Yorke Scarlett (q.v.)

at Balaclava, October 25, 1854.

Charge of the Heavy Brigade

at Balaclava.

SCIZZARS.

Name of a horse.

Scizzars an' Pumpy was good uns to goa

Thruf slush an' squad

When roads was bad,
But ha 11 us ud stop at the Vine-an'-the-Hop,
Fur bo.'ith on 'em knawed as well as mysen
That beer be as good fur 'erses as men.

Promise of May.

SCORY (John).

A Dominican Friar born at
Acle in Norfolk. On the dis-
solution of the monasteries he
became Chaplain to archbishop
Cranmer. Created bishop of
Rochester in 1551, and trans-
lated to Chichester in the
following year. On the acces-
sion of Mary he was deprived
of his living on account of
being married ; was compelled
by Gardiner to renounce his
wife ; did penance, and received
absolution ; and soon after-
s

SCO]

258

iSCO

wards fled to Germany ; but
returned in the reign of Eliza-
beth (1558), and was created
bishop of Hereford.

Quern Mary.

SCOTLAND.

Queen Mary ; Harold. ;
'The Foresters.

SCOTS, MARY, QUEEN OF.

Only daughter of James V of
Scotland and Mary of Guise ;
became queen when only a
week old. The more import-
ant years of her early life were
spent in France, and in 1558 she
was married to the Dauphin.
On the death of Mary she
formally claimed the English
crown on the ground that
Elizabeth was illegitimate, and
in 1560 on the death of her
husband returned to Scotland,
having escaped the English
ships of war sent out by Eliza-
beth to intercept her. Some
years later, in spite of protest,
she married her cousin lord
Damley, a man with lack of
character and ability, who found
himself superseded in the
Queen's counsels by David
Rizzio, an Italian and court
favourite, who was subsequently
murdered in the presence of
the queen on March 9, 1566.
Three months later her only
son (afterwards James VI of
Scotland and I of England),
was born in Edinburgh Castle.
In February 1567, as Darnky
was lying ill in a small mansion

in Edinburgh it was blown up
by the earl of Bothwell ; and
the queen's subsequent marriage
with the earl lent suspicion that
she herself was not wholly
ignorant of the plot. The
nobles rose in rebellion and the
queen escaped to Dunbar, but
surrendering at Carberry was
conveyed to Loch Leven, where
she was compelled to abdicate
in favour of her son who was
— a few days later — crowned
at Stirling. Escaping from Loch
Leven castle, she found herself
at the head of an army of 6,000
men, which was defeated near
Glasgow, and a few days later
fled to England, only to find
herself a prisoner. Catholic
plots were formed to liberate
her and place her on the Eng-
lish throne, the chief of which
was the Babington plot, which
had for its object the assassina-
tion of Elizabeth. Letters in
Mary's handwriting approving
of the assassination were found,
and in September 1586 she was
brought to trial. Sentence of
death was passed on October
25 of the same year, but it
was not until February 1, 1587,
that Elizabeth signed the death
warrant. The execution took
place on the 8th of the same
month and her body was buried
at Peterborough. In 161 2 it
was removed to Henry VI IPs
chapel at Westminster, where
it now lies in a tomb erected
by her son James.

Queen Mary.

SCO]

259

LSER

SCOTT.

Sir Walter Scott, the Scottish
novelist, to whom the poem
The Bandit's Death is dedicated.
Bandit's Death.

SCRATBY.

He'll niver swap Owlby an' Scratby fur owl
bat the Kingdom o' Heaven ;

Church-warden and the Curate.

SCRITCH-OWL.

= the Barn or screech-owl,
so called from its screeching
cry, and superstitiously re-
garded as a bird of evil men.
The Foresters.
'SDEATH.

= An exclamation of anger.
Corrupted from God's death.
The Princess.
SEAL.

I'cannot cease to follow you, as they say
The seal does mask: ;

An aquatic carnivorous mam-
mal of the family Phocida.
Lake other animals, the seal is
said to be strongly attracted by
musical sounds.

The Princess.

SEAMEW— SEA-MEW.

= The sea-gull.

In Memoriam ; Harold.

SEA-SNAKE.

= A sea-serpent.

The Mermaid.
SEELING.

Yet while they rode together down the plain
Then- talk was all of training, terms of art,
Diet and seeling, jesses, leash and lure.

Has reference to the custom
of closing the eyes of a hawk
by sewing the eyelids together.
This custom was in time
superseded by hoods.

Merlin and Vivien.

SEINE.

Proclaiming social troth shall spread.
And justice, ev'n tho' thrice again .
The red fool-fury of the Seine

Should pile her barricades with dead.

as The Red Republicanism of
France.

In Memoriav:.

SENESCHAL.

= A steward. An officer in
the house of a prince in the
Mediaeval ages who had the su-
perintendence of functions, etc.
The Falcon ; Garetb and
Lynette ; Marriage of
Geraint ; Last Tournament.

SENLAC.
SENLAC HILL.

A hill near Hastings where
the battle of Senlac — between
Harold and William of Nor-
mandy— was fought on October
14, 1066. Battle Abbey, which
stands upon the spot where
Harold fell, was founded by
William to commemorate this
battle.

Harold.

SENS.

A French town. Its original
building is the Gothic cathedral
of St. Stephen, where are pre-
served the vestments of Thomas
Becket.

Becket.

SERPENT.

A general term for any reptile
of the order Opbidia.

Alexander ; In Memoriam ;
Geraint and Enid ; Holy
Grail ; Locksley Hall Sixty
Tears After ; Demeter and
Persephone.

SEV]

260

[SHE

SEVERN.

The Danube to the Severn gave

The darken'd heart that beat no more :
They laid him by the pleasant shore,

And in the hearing of the wave.

Arthur Henry Hallam died at
Vienna on the Danube, and was
buried at Clevedon on the
Severn.

In Memoriam.

SEVERN.

but, last,
Allowing it, the Prince and Enid rode,
And fifty knights rode with them , to the shores
Of Severn, and they past to their own land :

King Arthur's Court being
held at Caerleon-upon-Usk, it
was necessary for the knights
who attended to cross the
Severn when returning to their
homes.

Marriage of Geraint ;
Geraint and Enid.

SEVILLE.

Let us bang these dogs of Seville, the children
of the devil,

A city of Spain and the port
from which the squadron which
fought sir Richard Grenville
off the Azores in 1591 was
fitted out.

The Revenge.

SHAKESPEARE.

A famous English poet, and
the greatest of dramatists.

Palace of Art ; You might
have won ; In Memoriam ;
To E. Fitzgerald ; To W. C.
Macready.

SHALOTT, ISLAND OF.

The enchanted island on
which was situated the castle
in which dwelt the lady of
Shalott (q.v.)

Lady of Shalott.

SHALOTT, LADY OF. See Lady
of Shalott.

SHAMUS.
SHAMUS O'SHEA.

Friend of Danny O'Roon,
both of whom were frequent
visitors to Katty's shebeen.
Shamus loved Molly Magee and

'Ud 'a shot his own sowl dead for a kiss of ye,
Molly Magee.

Tomorrow.
SHEBA.

No, not to answer, Madam, all those hard

things
That Sheba came to ask of Solomon.'

Refers to the queen of Sheba's
visit to Solomon at Jerusalem.
1 Kings x. 1 -1 3.

The Princess.

SHEBEEN.

= A grog-shop.

Tomorrozc.

Becket.

SHE-GOAT.

= A female goat.

SHELLEY.

My Shelley would fall from my hands whtc
he cast a contemptuous glance

From where he was poring over bis Tables
of Trade and Finance ;

= The poems of Percy Bysshe
Shelley.

The Wreck.

SHEPHERD-DOG.

A dog specially trained to
help in tending sheep.

Leonine Elegiacs.

SHERWOOD.
SHERWOOD FOREST.

Originally a royal forest
situated in the west of the
county of Nottingham, but is

SHI]

261

[SIE

now almost disafforested, being
occupied by gentlemen's resi-
dences, the town of Mansfield,
and several villages. It was
the scene of the exploits of the
famous outlaw Robin Hood
and his merry men, and of
several conflicts during the
Wars of the Roses.

The Foresters.

SHIAH.

And warms the blood of Shiah and Sunnee,
Symboljthe Eternal !

On the death of Mahomet the
Church which he had founded
was divided into two sections,
the Shiahs and the Sunnees.
The former are the champions
of Ali, the fourth Califf, Ma-
homet's nephew, and recog-
nized the right of succession
to the prophet to rest with him
and his descendants. The Per-
sians belong to this sect. The
Sunnees, or Sunnites, accept
the teaching of the Prophet as
of the same authority as the
Koratiy as their rule of faith
and manners, and accept the
four Califs — Abu Beker, Omar,
Othman and Ali — as the true
successors of Mahomet. To
this sect the Turks belong.

Akbar's Dream.

SHREW.

A small animal resembling
a mouse, but having a longer
and more pointed nose.

Gareth and Lynette.

SHRIKE.

A bird of the family Laniidce
having a strong hooked bill. It

impales its prey on thorns,
hence it is called also the
butcher bird.

Maud.

SHUSHAN.

O Vashti, noble Vashti ! Summon'd out
She kept her state, and left the drunken king
To brawl at Shushan underneath the palms.
See Esther Hi. 15.

The Princess.

SICILIAN.

Poet-like, as the great Sicilian called
Calliope to grace his golden verse —

Theocritus, the bucolic poet
of Greece, born at Syracuse,
in the third century, B.C. His
poems, some thirty in number,
are pictures of Sicilian life, and
are much admired for their
beauty and elegance. The date
of his death is not known, but
it is supposed that for having
written some satire of Hiero,
king of Syracuse, he was by this
king ordered to be strangled
in 300 B.C.

Lucretius.

SICILY.

Queen Mary.

SIEGE PERILOUS.

The Round Table made by
Merlin contained 150 sieges.
One of these was called the
' Siege Perilous ' and was re-
served for the knight who
achieved the quest of the Holy
Grail. The Round Table is
supposed to have been an imita-
tion of the Table of the Holy
Grail made by Joseph of Arima-
thaea, but whether the vacant
seat represented the one in
which Christ Himself sat, or the
traitor Judas, opinions differ

SIGJ

262

[SIN

Every seat at the table was in-
scribed with the name of its
occupant, and the name on
the • Siege Perilous ' was ' Gala-
had the Pure.'

Holy Grail.

SIGN OF THE TALBOT.

An Inn sign.

Queen Mary.

SILENT ISLE. See Maeldune.

Voyage of Maeldune.

SIMEON.

SIMEON STYLITES.

A famous monk — founder of a
class of recluses, called ' Pillar-
? runts ' — who lived in extreme
seclusion in a Syrian monastery
for nine years. At the end of
that time he retired to the
Syrian desert, where he lived
for thirty years on the top of
a pillar seventy-two feet high,
engaged in prayer and preach-
ing. He died on his pillar
at the age of seventy-two and
was buried at Antioch. Gib-
bon's Decline and Fall of the
Roman Empire gives an account
of this monk.

St. Simeon Stylites.

SIMOIS.

A river of Troy which has
its origin in mount Ida. It
joins the Scamander, which
also has its source in the same
mountain, in the plain of
Troas, and flowing north-east
falls into the Hellespont.

(Enone.

SIMON.

SIMON RENARD.

Spanish ambassador to the
English court, time of queen
Mary.

Queen Mary.

SINAI.

But in the darkness and the cloud,
As over Sinai's peaks of old,
While Israel made their gods of gold,

Altho' the trumpet blew so loud.

= True Faith is enveloped
with perplexity, as God was
hidden in the cloud of fire and
smoke on Mount Sinai. Exodus
xix. 16.

In Memoriam.

S1NNATUS.

Sinnatus was a libertine,
tetrarch of Galatia, but being
suspected of infidelity to Rome
Antonius, a Roman General,
was sent to investigate his
honour, and was accompanied
by an ex-tetrarch, named
Synorix. Some time before he
held the tetrarchy, Synorix had
become enamoured with Camma,
the beautiful wife of Sinnatus,
a priestess of Artemis, but being
unable to win her by persuasion
or force, perpetrated a dreadful
deed. He sent to Camma a
golden cup embossed with the
figure of Artemis, and then by
chance fell in with Sinnatus in
a hunting expedition. At the
end of the day's sport Sinnatus
invited Synorix to his house ;
where the traitor excited
Camma's fear by swearing that
Antonius knew Sinnatus to be
false to Rome, and begged her
to ask for mercy for her hus-

SIR]

263

[SKI

band at the hands of the Roman
General. Camma presented
herself at the camp, but instead
of Antonius she found Synorix.
Drawing her dagger against
him, she was disarmed, and
Sinnatus rushing to the rescue
was slain by Synorix. Camma
fled to the Temple for safety,
and was subsequently installed
Priestess, and Synorix who had
been appointed Prince of
Galatia, asked for her hand.
She accepted him, and crowned
herself queen of Galatia ; but
Camma, learning how treacher-
ously Synorix had deceived her,
poisoned the libation in the
cup which Synorix had handed
to her ; and after she had
drunk a portion of the liquid
she bade him drink the rest ;
after he had done so she burst
into a- fierce thanksgiving that
she had been permitted to
avenge the death of her mur-
dered husband, and she and her
would-be betrayer died together.
The Cup.
SIRENS.

O sister, Sirens tho' they be, were such

As chanted on the blanching bones of men ?

In Greek mythology, the
Sirens were sea-nymphs, the
virgin daughters of Phorcys.
They dwelt on the shores of an
island between Circe's isle and
Scylla, and sang with such
sweetness that they allured and
infatuated all who passed by to
draw near, but only to meet
with death. In Homer there
are two, in later writers three,
their names being Ligeia,

Parthenope, and Leucothea.
The Princess.

SIRIUS.

A dog-star, the brightest star
in the heavens and one of the
stars of the southern Constella-
tion.

The Princess.
SIRMIO.

The ancient name of modern
Sirmione, on the Lago di Garda,
Frater Ave Atque Vale.

SIRMIONE.

Gazing at the Lydian laughter of the Garda

Lake below
Sweet Catullus's all-but-island, olive-silvery

Sirmio !

A promontory which pro-
jects from the southern shore
of Lake Garda, and still con-
tains the ruins of a villa said
to have been the country- house
of Catullus, who wrote his
poems there. Here Tennyson
wrote his Frater Ave Atque Vale.
Frater Ave Atque Vale.

SIX HUNDRED.

Consisted of the 13th Light
Dragoons, the 17th Lancers,
the nth Hussars, the 4th
Light Dragoons, and the 8th
Hussars, known as the Light
Brigade who made the famous
charge at the battle of Balaclava.

Half a league, half a league,

Half a league onward,
All in the valley of Death

Rode the six hundred.
' Forward, the Light Brigade !
Charge for the guns ! ' he said :
Into the valley of Death

Rode the six hundred.

Charge of the Light Brigade.

SKIPWORTH.

A farm labourer.

Promise of May.

SKY]

264

[SOO

SKYLARK.

A lark that mounts towards
the sky, and sings on the wing.
Miller's Daughter.

SLEUTH-HOUND.

A hound that tracks game by
the scent ; a bloodhound.

Gareth and Lynette.

SLOE.

SLOE-TREE.

= The Blackthorn.

The Flight; To Mary
Boyle ; Amp hi on.

SLOW-WORM.

= the blind-worm, a reptile
that feeds on earth-worms.
According to Skeat a slay-worm.
Aylmer's Field.

SMITH (Dan). See Dan Smith.

SNAKE.

= a serpent.

Queen Mary ; (Enone ;
Poet's Song ; The Princess ;
Marriage of Geraint ; Mer-
lin and Vivien ; Holy
Grail ; Pelleas and Et-
tarre ; Last Tournament ;
Lover's Tale ; Death of
(Enone ; St. Telemachus ;
Becket.

SNIPE.

A bird of the family Scolo-
pacida^ having a long, straight,
flexible bill.

On a Mourner.

SNOWDON.

A mountain in North Wales.
Golden Year.
SNOWDROP.

A bulbous plant with a white

bell-shaped flower, which often
appears while the snow is on
the ground.

May Queen ; St. Agnes'
Eve ; The Princess ; Last
Tournament; Early Spring;
Progress of Spring.

SOLECISMS.

A name given to the incon-
gruity of language in the
combination of a sentence.
Supposed to have been derived
from the city of Soli in Cilicia,
whose inhabitants — in conse-
quence of their intercourse with
the natives — spoke very bad
Greek.

The Princess.

SOLENT.

So Harry went over the Solent to see if work
could be found ;

Separates the Isle of Wight
from the mainland.

First Quarrel.

SOLOMON.

No, not to answer, Madam, all those hard

things
That Sheba came to ask of Solomon.'

Refers to the queen of Sheba 's
visit to Solomon at Jerusalem.
1 Kings x. 1 -1 3.

The Princess.
SOLOMON.

but had I brought
From Solomon's now-recover'd Ophir all
The gold that Solomon's navies carried home
Would that have gilded me ?

Set 1 Kings x. 2.

See Ophir.

Columbus.

SOMERSET— SOMERSETSHIRE.

Marriage of Geraint ; Pro-
mise of May.

SOOMERSET (Somerset).

Promise of May.

SOU]

265

[SPL

SOUDAN.

Warrior of God, man's friend, and tyrant's

foe,
Now somewhere dead far in the waste Soudan,

Refers to the death of general
Gordon at Khartoum.
Epitaph on General Gordon.

SOUTHWARK.

SPAIN.

Queen Mary.

The Revenge ; Columbus ;
"The Wreck; The Ring;
Queen Mary.

SPANIEL.

A sporting dog, having long
and thick hair and large droop-
ing ears.

Promise of May.

SPARHAWK.

=the sparrow-hawk.

Sir Launcelot and Queen
Guinevere.

SPARROW.

A small bird of the family
Fringillidee.

Mariana ; Amphion ; The
Window ; Maud ; Marri-
age of Geraint.

SPARROW-GRASS.

A corruption of Asparagus.
Spinster's Sweet-Arts.

SPARROW-HAWK.

= A small European hawk.
Marriage of Geraint.

SPARTAN.

and why should I not play
The Spartan Mother with emotion, be
The Lucius Junius Brutus of my kind ?

Has reference to the idea
prevalent among the Spartans
that man lived for his country's

welfare and must make any
sacrifice in its behalf.

The Princess.

SPEEDWELL.

A plant with blue, white, or
pink flowers.
Promise of May ; In Memoriam.

SPHINX.

and that smooth rock
Before it, altar fashion'd, where of late
The woman-breasted Sphinx, with wings

drawn back,
Folded her lion paws, and look'd to Thebes.

A monster, the daughter of
Chimera, represented with the
body of a winged lion and breast
and head of a maiden. Juno
sent her to Thebes, and taking
up her abode upon a rock near
the city asked every passer-by
the following conundrum :
1 What creature walks upon
four legs in the morning, upon
two at noon, and upon three
in the evening ? ' and all those
who were unable to answer it
she punished by throwing them
from the rock. CEdibus, son
of Laius, however, succeeded
in solving the riddle rightly,
whereupon she flung herself
from the rock and was dashed
to pieces.

Tiresias.

SPIDER.

A web-spinning, apterous in-
sect of the class Arachnida.

The Princess ; Merlin and
Vivien ; Becket ; The
Foresters.

SPLUGEN.

What more ? we took our last adieu,
And up the snowy Splugen drew,

SQU]

266

[STE

But ere we reach'd the highest summit
I pluck'd a daisy, I gave it you.

An Alpine pass in the Grisons.
The Daisy.
SQUIRREL.

A reddish-brown rodent ani-
mal, with a long tufted tail.
The Princess ; Lover's
Tale ; Prologue to General
Hamley ; The Foresters.

STAFFORD (Sir Thomas). See
Thomas Stafford.

STAG.

A male red-deer.

Becket; The Cup ; The
Foresters.
STAG-TUCKEY.

= A turkey-cock.
Church-warden and the Curate.

STAMFORD-BRIDGE.

A village on the river Der-
went, where king Harold de-
feated Harold Hardrada (q.v.)
king of Norway on September
25, 1066.

Harold.
STAMFORD-TOWN.

Weeping, weeping late and early,

Walking up and pacing down,
Deeply mourn'd the Lord of Burleigh,

Burleigh-house by Stamford-town.

A town in Lincolnshire.
Lord of Burleigh.
STANDARD.

= A tree not supported or
attached to a wall.

The Blackbird.
STATES.

He's gone to the States, aroon, an' he's married

another wife,
An' ye'll niver set eyes an the face of the

thraithur agin in hie !

ss United States.

Tomorrow.

STEER.

A farmer.

Promise of May.

STEER (Dora). See Dora, Dora
Steer.

STEERS (Family of).

Promise of May.
STEEVIE.

Name of a man and a cat.
Spinster's Sweet-Arts.
STEPHEN (Saint).

The first martyr of the
Christian church, stoned to
death, a.d. 33. See Acts vii.
Two Voices.
STEPHEN.

Name of the lover of the
speaker in the poem.

The Wreck.
STEPHEN.

King of England, son of
Stephen, earl of Blois, and Adela,
daughter of William the Con-
queror ; crowned at West-
minster 1 135. Matilda (q.v.)
daughter of Henry I, and wife
of emperor Henry IV, was the
legitimate heir to the throne,
but Stephen, taking advantage
of her absence, obtained posses-
sion of it. Matilda landed in
England in 11 39 and in 1142
Stephen was taken prisoner at
the battle of Lincoln by the
earl of Gloucester, and sent to
Bristol, but was subsequently
released in exchange for Glou-
cester— who had been captured
by the friends of Stephen — and
again crowned 1141. Eventu-
ally peace was concluded by
which it was agreed that

STE

267

[SUF

Matilda's son Henry should be
Stephen's successor. For several
years he was in conflict
with Rome, whereby an inter-
dict was laid upon the kingdom
in 1 148, and some years later
failed to obtain the pope's sanc-
tion to the crowning of his son
Eustace. He died in 11 54, and
was buried in Feversham Abbey,
which he had founded.

Becket.

STEPHEN GARDINER. See
Gardiner.

STIGAND.

Archbishop of Canterbury.
A Saxon prelate who was
created bishop of the East
Angles in 1038 by Edward
the Confessor. Soon after was
deprived, but reinstated in 1044.
Created bishop of Winchester
in 1047 and in 1052 was trans-
lated to Canterbury, but al-
though pope Benedict sent him
the Pall, his appointment was
generally looked upon as uncan-
onical.

Old uncanonical Stigand — ask of me
Who had my pallium from an Antipope !

On the death of Harold he
supported Edgar Atheling, but
eventually submitted and
crowned William I at West-
minster. Some years later he
was deprived and sentenced to
perpetual imprisonment. He
died shortly afterwards and was
buried in Winchester Abbey.
Harold.

STOAT.

An animal of the weasel tribe,

called the ermine when in its
winter dress.

Gareth and Lynette.

STOCK-DOVE.

A wild pigeon, so called from
its breeding in the stocks, or
trunks, of trees.

Promise of May.

STORK.

A long-necked and long-
legged wading-bird, allied to
the heron.

Talking Oak.

STRASBURG.

Cranmer. To Strasburg, Antwerp, Frank-
fort, Zurich, Worms,
Geneva, Basle — our Bishops from their sees
Or fled, they say, or flying —

The capital of Alsace-Lor-
raine.

Queen Mary.

STRATO.

A Greek name assumed by
Synorix.

The Cup.

STYLITES. See Simeon, Simeon
Stylites.

SUCCORY.

A plant of the genus Cichor-
ium, having bright blue flowers.
Corrupted from chicory.

Promise of May.

SUFFOLK (Duke of).

Henry Grey, duke of Suffolk,
marquis c*f Dorset, father of
lady Jane Grey. Supported
lady Jane Grey's accession to
the throne, but relinquishing
her cause was pardoned by
Mary ; joined the insurrection

SUF]

268

[SYC

against the Spanish marriage and
was executed for treason, 1554.
Que en Mary.

SUFFOLK (Lady).

Courtenay. — made you follow

The Lady Suffolk and the Lady Lennox ? —
You,
The heir presumptive.

Queen Mary.

SUMNER-CHACE.

Talking Oak.

SUMNER-PLACE.

Talking Oak.

SUNFLOWER.

A plant of the genus Heli-
antbus, so-called from its flower,
which is a large disc, with yellow
rays.

A Spirit Haunts ; In

Memoriam.

SUNNEE. See Shiah.

SUSSEX.

Harold ; Prologue to General
Hamley.
SUTTEE.

Nor in the field without were seen or heard
Fires of Suttee, nor wail of baby-wife,
Or Indian widow ;

A custom prevalent in India
for about two thousand years,
by which a widow upon the
death of her husband burned
herself on his funeral pyre.

The Emperor Akbar decreed that every
widow who showed the least desire not to be
burnt on her husband's funeral pyre should be
let free and unharmed.'

Poet's Note.
The custom was prohibited in
1829 under lord William Ben-
tinck's administration.

Akbar's Dream.

SWALE.

= A river.

Harold.

SWALLER.

ss A swallow.

Promise of Mav.

SWALLOW.

A migratory bird of the family
Hirundinidae, with long pointed
wings.

Dying Swan ; May Queen ;
Edwin Morris ; Poet's
Song ; The Brook ; The
Princess ; The Window ;
Maud ; Coming of Arthur ;
Ancient Sage ; The Ring ;
Progress of Spring ; Queen
Mary ; Harold ; Becket ;
The Foresters.

SWAN.

A large aquatic fowl of the
genus Cygnusy having a long
neck, and noted for its graceful
movements in the water.

Dying Swan ; Palace of
Art ; Morte d' Arthur ;
Tithonus ; Lancelot and
Elaine ; Holy Grail ; Pass-
ing of Arthur ; Queen Mary.

SWEET-GALE.

A shrub having bitter frag-
rant leaves that grows in marshy
places.

Edwin Morris.

SWIFT.

A bird resembling the
swallow.

Coming of Arthur.

SYCAMORE.

A large tree, allied to the
common fig.

Becket ; Audley Court ;
In Memoriam.

SYL]

269

SYLLA.

I thought that all the blood by Sylla shed
Came driving rainlike down again on earth,

Lucius Cornelius Sulla, a
Roman of patrician birth and
leader of the aristocratic party
in Rome. In 93 B.C. he was
praetor, and in 92 B.C. governor
of Cilicia. Marcus having re-
volted against the Senate, Sulla
marched to Rome, outlawed
Marcus and re-established the
power of the Senate. After
taking part in several cam-
paigns in Epirus and at Orcho-
menus, he won the battle of
the Colline Gate, outside the
walls of Rome, and for having
been proscribed he set himself
to extirpate his political oppo-
nents and caused himself to be
proclaimed Dictator in 81 B.C. ;
resigned the dictatorship in 79
B.C., and retired into private
life (138-79 B.C.) Lucretius.
SYLVESTER.

And rail'd at all the Popes, that ever since
Sylvester shed the venom of world-wealth
Into the church, had only prov'n themselves
Poisoners, murderers.

Sylvester the first, pope of
Rome from 314-335 a.d.

Sir John Oldcastle,
Lord Cobham.
SYNORIX.

An ex-Tetrarch of Galatia.
See Sinnatus.

SYRIAN GATES.

A Pass across mount Taurus
by which Alexander the Great
entered Cilicia.

Alexander.
TAATE.

= potato.
Northern Cobbler; Village
Wife.

[TAR

TABLE ROUND. See Round Table.

TABOO.

A Polynesian word meaning
'To forbid.'

The Princess ; Kapiolani.

TABOR.

A mountain in Galilee which,
according to tradition, was the
scene of the Transfiguration,
but has little evidence in its-
favour. A church — now in
ruins — built by the Crusaders
to commemorate the event
crowns the summit.

Queen Mary.
TALBOT.

A large-eared hound, usually
white.

Holy Grail.
TALIESSIN.

A celebrated Welsh Poet who
lived in the sixth century.
The village of Taliesin, in Car-
diganshire, is supposed to be
built on the site of his grave.
Was one of the first poets to
celebrate the deeds of king
Arthur.

Holy Grail.
TALLYHO.

Name of a horse.

The Brook.
TAMES A.

Bloodily flow'd the Tamesa rolling phantom
bodies of horses and men ;

The ancient name of the
river Thames.

Boddicea.

TANTIVY.

Name of a horse.

The Brook.
TARANIS.

Till the face of Bel be brighten'd, Taranis be-
propitiated.

A god to whom the ancient

TAR]

:70

[TET

Britons did sacrifice. Equated
with the Roman Jupiter.

Boddicea.
TARQUIN.

When, brooking not the Tarquin in her veins,
She made her blood in sight of Collatine
And all his peers,

' The Tarquin ' here=Sextus,
the blood of Sextus.

Lucretius.
TARQUIN.

That your own people cast you from their

bounds,
For some unprincely violence to a woman,
As Rome did Tarquin.

Tarquin the second, seventh
king of Rome. He was, to-
gether with his family, expelled
about 510 b.c, on account of
the outrage committed by his
son Sextus on Lucretia, wife
of Tarquinius Collatinus. He
made several attempts to regain
his throne, but being finally
defeated fled to Cumae, where
he^died.

The Cup.

TEL-EL-KEBIR.

The scene of a memorable
victory by the British forces
under sir Garnet Wolseley over
the Egyptian troops of Arabi
Pasha, September 13, 1882.
Prologue to General Hamley.

TELEMACHUS.

Son of Ulysses and Penelope.
He was an infant when his
father went to the Trojan war,
and after twenty years' absence
Telemachus went to seek him.
Having visited Pylos and Sparta
he returned to Ithaca, where his
mother's suitors conspired to
murder him, but under the

guidance of Pallas Athene he
discovered his father, and they
together succeeded in slaying the
suitors. Upon his father's
death he married Cassiphone,
and some time after had the
misfortune to kill his mother-
in-law ; he fled to Italy and
founded Clusium.

Ulysses.

TELEMACHUS (Saint).

An eastern monk, who went
to Rome a.d. 404 to protest
against the cruelties of the
amphitheatre. He sprang into
the arena, and endeavoured
to separate the gladiators, but
was stoned to death by the
spectators. His act and death
led to the abolition of the
exhibitions.

St. Telemachus.
TEMPLE BAR.

A famous London gateway.
Rebuilt after the great fire by
Wren in 1660-73, it was re-
moved in 1878-79, and re-
erected in Theobald's Park,
Cheshunt, in 1888.

Queen Mary.

TENERIFFE.

The great Same-banner by Tenerifie,

Has reference to the Pico-de-
Teyde, a famous volcanic
mountain in the island of
Teneriffe, which was in erup-
tion when Columbus sailed
past the island on the night
of August 23-24, 1492.

Columbus.

TETRARCH.

A governor of the fourth part

TET]

271

[THE

of a country under the Roman
empire. Herod Antipas and
Philip were called Tetrarchs
because they ruled the fourth
part of the former kingdom of
their father Herod the Great.
See Matthew xiv. and Luke iii.
The Cup.
TETRARCHY.

Part of a province under a
Tetrarch.

The Cup.
THAMES.

Will Waterproofs Lyrical
Monologue ; Queen Mary ;
Harold.

THANE.

In Anglo-Saxon times a title
of a dignitary.

Harold.

THEBES.

An ancient city of Greece.
The walls of Thebes were
anciently believed to have
arisen to the music of fairy
harps. See Amphion. The
city was besieged and taken
by Alexander the Great. The
walls were broken down, and
not a single building was left
standing, except the house of
Pindar, the Greek poet, whose
songs Alexander had always
admired.

Tiresias.

THEOBALD.

Archbishop of Canterbury ;
of Norman blood. Appointed
to Canterbury in 11 37 and
joined Matilda against Stephen,
but on the latter's release from
prison submitted and crowned

him at Canterbury ; attended
the pope's council at Rheims
in 1 148, although forbidden
by Stephen ; upon his return
was deprived and fled to France ;
returned and became recon-
ciled to Stephen ; refused to
crown Stephen's son Eustace,
was imprisoned, but escaping
fled to Flanders ; recalled and
brought about a peace between
Matilda and Stephen, and on
his deathbed recommended to
Henry II Thomas Becket as
his successor.

Becket.

THEODOLIND.

Queen of the Lombards, and
wife, first of king Authari
(a.d. 589), and then of Agilulf.
The Daisy.

THERMOPYLAE.

= ' the hot gates.' A famous
pass in Greece, leading from
Thessaly into Locris and Phocis.
Celebrated for a battle which
was fought there B.C. 480,
between Xerxes and the Greeks;
also of Greece's struggles against
Brennus and the Gauls, B.C. 279.
Third of February.

THESSALIAN.

And I will work in prose and rhyme,
And praise thee more in both

Than bard has honour'd beech or lime,
Or that Thessalian growth,

Has reference to the oracular
oaks of Dodona in Epirus.
Dodona was an ancient Greek
religious centre with a temple
dedicated to Zeus, and the
priests interpreted the will of
the god by the wind rustling

THI]

272

[THO

through the leaves of the oak
or beech trees.

'Talking Oak.
THIMBLEBY.

A notorious character who
was with Noaks when a keeper
was shot dead. For the crime
Noaks was hanged.

Noaks or Thimbleby — toaner 'ed shot 'urn as

dead as a naail.
Noaks wur 'anged for it oop at 'soize — but git

ma my aale.

Northern Farmer, Old Style.

THIRLBY.

Thomas Thirlby, the only
bishop of Westminster, and
successively bishop of Norwich
and Ely ; as prolocutor to
Canterbury Convocation he
signed the decree annulling
Henry VIII's marriage with
Anne of Cleves, 1540 ; and the
same year was created bishop of
Westminster. In 1543 and
1545 he was ambassador to the
emperor Charles V of Spain ;
opposed the Act of Uniformity ;
appointed to Norwich 1550,
and in 1554 translated to Ely
by Mary ; presided at the trial
of bishop Hooper ; ambassador
to the pope 1555 ; assisted at
the degradation of Cranmer
in 1556. On the accession of
Elizabeth he refused to take
the oath of supremacy, deposed
1559 ; and continuing to preach
against the Reformation was
imprisoned 1560 (1 506-1 570).
Queen Mary.
THISTLE.

A genus of prickly plants.
The national emblem of Scot-
land.

Amfhion ; Will Water-
proofs Lyrical Monologue ;
Ode on the death of the
Duke of Wellington ; Mar-
riage of Geraint ; Last
Tournament ; Guinevere ;
Spinster's Sweet- Arts; Rifle-
men form !

THOMAS.

THOMAS BECKET.

Son of Gilbert Becket. He
was educated at Merton Priory
and in 1142 entered the house-
hold of Theobald, archbishop
of Canterbury ; promoted the
cause of Henry II against
Stephen's son Eustace ; and
thus won the favour of that
king who in 1155 made him
Lord Chancellor ; supported
Henry's campaign in Toulouse
where he displayed great valour.
Upon the death of Theobald,
archbishop of Canterbury, he
was appointed to the vacant
See, and resigned the office of
Lord Chancellor. Like all
the Norman kings Henry en-
deavoured to keep the clergy
subordinate to the State and
called upon the bishops to sign
the ' customs.' Becket re-
fused, but afterwards upon an
order from pope Alexander III
submitted, but refused to seal
the Constitution of Clarendon
in 1 164. In the same year he
was summoned to a council at
Northampton, to account for
various sums of money received
by him during his capacity as
Chancellor. He appeared at

THO]

the Council arrayed in his robes,
and holding in his hand his
cross appealed to the pope ; but
judgment being given against
him he left the palace, stole
away by night, and reaching
Sandwich put off in a little
boat and reached the Flemish
coast. During his six years'
exile in France he resided at
Pontigny Abbey and at Sens,
while Henry confiscated the
property of his See. In 1170
he had an interview with Henry
at Freteval, in which the king
promised to give him the ' kiss
of peace ' when they met in
England, and on December 1
of the same year Becket landed
at Sandwich and immediately
excommunicated the archbishop
of York and the bishops of
London and Salisbury for having
crowned Henry's son king.
Fresh quarrels broke out and
Henry, in a fit of passion, ex-
claimed ' of all the cowards
that eat my bread, is there
none will rid me of this turbu-
lent priest ? ' Four knights —
Reginald Fitzurse (q.v .), William
de Tracy (q.v.), Hugh de Mor-
ville (q.v.) and Richard de
Brito (q.v.) overheard these
hasty words and leaving Nor-
mandy entered Canterbury
Cathedral on December 29,
1 1 70, and demanded from
Becket the absolution of the
bishops whom he had excom-
municated and an acknowledg-
ment of the king's supremacy ;
and upon Becket' srefusal slew

273 [THO

him before the altar of St.
Benedict in the North Transept.
Two years afterwards he was
canonized, and in 1220 his
bones were exhumed from the
nave in the crypt and enshrined
in a chapel in the cathedral,
where they were for three
centuries a favourite object
of pilgrimage.

Queen Mary ; Becket.

THOMAS GRESHAM.

Sir Thomas Gresham, son
of sir Richard Gresham and
founder of the Royal Exchange
and the Gresham College.

Queen Mary.

THOMAS HOWARD.

Lord Thomas Howard, first
earl of Suffolk ; distinguished
himself against the Spanish
Armada in 1588 and com-
manded the squadron which
was attacked by the Spanish
Fleet off the Azores in 1591 ;
created earl of Suffolk in 1603
by James I ; lord high treasurer
in 1614, and in 1618 was fined
and imprisoned for embezzle-
ment.

The Revenge.

THOMAS OF CANTERBURY.

See Thomas, Thomas Becket.

THOMAS STAFFORD.

Son of lord Stafford and a
relative of cardinal Pole ; op-
posed the Spanish marriage
and was compelled to seek
refuge in France. During the
Wyatt insurrection sailed from
Dieppe with two ships manned
T

THO]

274

[THO

by thirty Englishmen, and
landing in Yorkshire surprised
and captured Scarborough
Castle, but three days after-
wards it was retaken by the
earl of Westmorland, and
Stafford and all his followers
were executed.

Sir Thomas StaFord, a bull-headed ass,
Sailing from France, with thirty Englishmen,
Hath taken Scarboro' Castle, north of York.

Queen Mary.

THOMAS WHITE.

Sir Thomas White, founder
of St. John's College, Oxford,
born at Reading. Became a
London merchant and a mem-
ber of the Merchant Taylors'
Company. In 1544 he was
elected an Alderman for Corn-
hill, but refusing to serve was
committed to Newgate. In
1547 he was appointed Sheriff
and some years later (1554)
was elected Lord Mayor of
London. He sat on the Com-
mission for the trial of lady
Jane Grey, received the Spanish
envoys and restored the custom
of going in procession to St.
Paul's Cathedral to attend high
mass. Upon the outbreak of
the Wyatt rebellion Mary ap-
pealed to the loyalty of the
citizens of London, who in
response undertook to raise a
force of 1,000 men for its
defence. These precautions
taken by the Mayor and Council
prevented Wyatt from entering
the city, the rebels being re-
pulsed from Southwark Bridge
by White, who arrested the
marquis of Northampton, and

presided over the Commission
at the trial of Wyatt and his
adherents. In 1544 an attempt
was made to assassinate him
whilst attending St. Paul's,
caused by his issuing a pro-
clamation that the citizens of
London should follow the
Roman Catholic religion. In
the following year he obtained
the royal licence to found St.
John's College, Oxford, and
subsequently went to reside in
that city. He died in February
1567 and was buried in the
College Chapel (1492- 1567).
Queen Mary.
THOMAS WYATT.

Sir Thomas Wyatt, the
younger son of sir Thomas
Wyatt the elder. When a boy
he accompanied his father to
Spain, where the elder sir
Thomas was threatened by the
inquisition.

I know Spain. I have been there with my
father ; I have seen them in their own land ;
have marked the haughtiness of their nobles ;
the cruelty of their priests.

On the death of his father
in 1542 he succeeded to the
title and estates, and in the
following year was arrested
with the earl of Surrey and
others for having eaten meat
during Lent, and committed
to the Tower, where he re-
mained for about a month.
When the announcement of the
marriage of Mary with Philip
was made, Wyatt regarded it
as a national danger, and re-
ceiving an invitation from
Courtenay, earl of Devon, to
join in an insurrection for the

THO]

275

[THU

purpose of preventing it, under-
took to raise the county of
Kent. Making Rochester his
headquarters he marched to
Blackheath at the head of four
thousand men. Being pro-
claimed a traitor some two
thousand men were enrolled
for the protection of the city
of London, bridges over the
Thames were either strongly-
guarded or broken down and
a reward set upon his head.

Wyatt (reads). ' Whosoever will appre-
hend the traitor Thomas Wyatt shall have a
hundred pounds for reward.'

On February 3, 1554, ne
entered Southwark, but many
of his followers deserting him
was compelled to evacuate it,
marched to Kingston where
he arrived on February 6,
thence through Kensington and
reached Ludgate on the morn-
ing of February 8. Finding
the gate shut against him he
retreated to Temple Bar, and
finding his cause was lost
surrendered. He was taken to
the Tower, tried for high
treason, condemned and be-
headed on Tower Hill, April
11, 1554. On the following
day his head (which was stolen
some days later), was hanged
to a gallows near Hyde Park,
and his limbs were distributed
among gibbets in various parts
of the city of London (1521-

1554)-

Queen Mary.

THOR.

The Norse god of thunder.
The Victim ; Harold.

THOULOUSE. See Toulouse.

THREE HUNDRED.

The ' Three Hundred ' were
two squadrons of the Scots
Greys and the 2nd squadron of
Inniskillings known as the
Heavy Brigade who made the
famous charge at Balaclava.

Glory to each and to all, and the charge that

they made !
Glory to all the three hundred, and all the

Brigade.

Charge of the Heavy Brigade
at Balaclava.

THROSTLE.

= The song-thrush, or mavis.
To the Queen ; Claribel ;
Sir Launcelot and Queen
Guinevere ; The Window ;
Early Spring ; The Fores-
ters.

THRUSH.

A bird of the family
Turdidce. It is noted for the
sweetness of its song.

In Memoriam.

THURKILL.

A rich landowner of Kingston
in Berkshire, killed at the battle
of Senlac.

Harold.

THURNABY HOALMS.

But godamoighty a moost taake mea an'

taake ma now
Wi' aaf the cows to cauve an' Thumaby hoalms

to plow !

Northern Farmer, Old Style.
THURNABY WAASTE.

I weant saay men be loiars, thaw summun
said it in 'aaste :

THU]

276

[TDf

But 'e reads wonn sarmin a weeak, an' I 'a
stubb'd Thurnaby waaste.

Northern Farmery Old Style.
THURSBY THURN.

I could fettle and clump owd booots and shoes

wi* the best on 'em all,
As fer as fro' Thursby thurn hup to Harmsby

and Hutterby Hall.

Northern Cobbler.

TIB.

A country wife.

Queen Mary.

TIGER.

A fierce quadruped of the
feline kind, native of southern
Asia and East Indies.

Palace of Art ; In Me-
ntor i am ; Defence of Luck-
now ; Demeter and Per-
sephone ; Akbar's Dream ;
Making of Man ; Harold.

TIGER-CAT.

= A wild-cat.

The Princess.

TIGER-LILY.

= A species of lily with spotted
flowers.

A Spirit Haunts, etc.

TIGRESS.

= The female of the tiger.
The Princess ; Queen Mary.

TIGRIS.

A river in Asia, which rises
in the mountains of Kurdistan,
and flows into the Persian gulf.
On its banks are the ruins of
Nineveh.

Recollections of the Arabian
Nights.
TIMOUR-MAMMON.

And Timour- Mammon grins on a pile of chil-
dren's bones,

Timour represents the spirit

of avarice (see Timur), and
Mammon is the Syrian god of
wealth.

Maud.

TIMUR.

Timur built his ghastly tower of eighty thou-
sand human skulls,

Refers to Timurbeg, the cele-
brated Tartar conqueror. He
was a typical Asiatic despot,
and inspiring a lust for con-
quest built up a mighty empire.
Whilst engaged in an expedi-
tion in India, Bagdad revolted,
and hastening back he gave the
city up to pillage and put to
death 80,000 persons. Re-
solved to make the conquest of
China he set out at the head
of a large army, but died on
the march (1 336-1405).

Locksley Hall Sixty Tears
After.

TINTAGIL.

A strong castle on the coast
of Cornwall. It stands upon
the summit of a headland and
is reached by a steep path
through a rugged valley. In
Domesday Book it was entered
as Dunchine, or Chain Castle.
It was at the foot of the rock
upon which the castle stands
that Merlin found a naked
babe upon the sands :

For there was no man knew from whence he

came ;
But after tempest, when the long wave broke
All down the thundering shores of Bude and

Bos,
Then came a day as still as heaven, and then
They found a naked child upon the sands
Of dark Tintagil by the Cornish sea ;
And that was Arthur ; and they foster'd Jhim
Till he by miracle was approven King :

Close by is an immense

TIR]

277

[TOS

cavern locally known as Merlin's

cave.

Coming of Arthur ; Merlin
and Vivien ; Last Tourna-
ment ; Guinevere.

TIRRA LIRRA.

' Tirra lirra,' by the river
Sang Sir Lancelot.

An imitation of a musical
sound as of the note of a lark.

The lark, that tirra-lyra chants,

With heigh ! with heigh ! the thrush and the

jay.

Shakespeare: Wtnters Tale, Act vt. Scene

Lady of Shalott.
TITANIA.

Queen of the Fairies.

The Foresters.
TITIAN.

An Italian painter (1477-
1576).

Romney's Remorse.

TITIANIC FLORA. See Flora.

TITMOUSE.

A small bird of the genus
Parus.

Maud.
TITYRUS.

Poet of the happy Tityrus piping underneath
his beechen bowers ;

A shepherd ; one of the
characters in Virgil.

To Virgil.
TOFT HALL.

in Somerset ; the residence
of Philip Edgar, afterwards
known as Mr. Harold.

Promise of May.
TOM.

Name of men and cats.
Spinster's Sweet-Arts.

TOMMY.

Name of a boy.

Northern Cobbler.

TOMMY.

Name of lovers and cats.
Spinster's Sweet-Arts.

TOMOHRIT.

Tomohrit, Athos, all things fair,
With such a pencil, such a pen,
You shadow forth to distant men,

I read and felt that I was there :

A mountain in Albania.

To E. L.

TOMYRIS.

Queen of the Massagetae.
After her husband's death she
marched against Cyrus (q.v.),
cut his army to pieces and killed
him on the spot. She then
ordered the head of the fallen
king to be cut off, and thrown
into a vessel full of human
blood, remarking as she did so
■ There, drink thy fill.'

And great bronze valves, emboss'd with

Tomyris
And what she did to Cyrus after fight,

The Princess.
TONUP.

= Turnip.

Village Wife ; Owd Rod ;
Church-warden and the
Curate.

TORRE.

Brother of Elaine and son
of sir Bernard, baron of Astolat.
Lancelot and Elaine.

TOSTIG.

Earl of Northumbria, son of
earl Godwin (q.v.). Was for
some years an exile at the court
of Baldwin of Flanders. Upon
the death of Edward the Con-
fessor he ravaged the south and
east coasts, but being driven
away by Edwin and Morcar
went to Malcolm, king of Scot-

TOU]

278

[TRA

land, where he stayed for some
time. Having invited Harold
Hardrada (q.v)> king of Nor-
way, to assist him in conquering
England, he met the Norway
king off Northumbria and they
sailed up the Humber and de-
feated Edwin and Morcar at
Fulford Bridge, but was in
turn defeated by Harold at the
battle of Stamford-bridge, both
Tostig and Hardrada being
among the slain.

Morcar. May all invaders perish like
Hardrada !
All traitors fail like Tostig !

Harold.
TOULOUSE.

I speak after my fancies, for I am a Trouba-
dour, you know, and won the violet at Tou-
louse ;

A city in the south of France.
Henry II having laid claim to
the earldom of Toulouse, Becket
accompanied the English army
and fought as a knight in arm-
our, riding at the head of 700
troops equipped at his own
expense.

Becket.
TOURNAMENT OF THE DEAD
INNOCENCE.

Bmt when the morning of a tournament,
By these in earnest those in mockery call'd
The Tournament of the Dead Innocence,

In the early days — the time
of Gareth and Geraint — the
' Tournament of the Dead In-
nocent ' could have meant but
one thing — the memory of the
dead innocent babe ; but now
there is another suggestion in
the title, for the purity of
the ladies and the knights has
faded : it is their innocence
that is dead.

This Tournament is the last,
and it is a failure. As the gale
makes havoc with the emblem
of the kings after the Quest of
the Grail is ended, so here the
' useful trouble of the rain y
mars the pageant, and makes it
' draggled at the skirt.' And
the rules of tournament are
not enforced. Lancelot pre-
sides as arbiter, but he too is
dreaming of dead innocence,
and takes so languid an interest
that the laws of chivalry are
broken before him with im-
punity.— Littledale : Essays.
Last Tournament.
TOWSER.

Name of a dog.

Promise of May.

TRACY (Sir William de). See
De Tracy (Sir William).

TRAFALGAR.

at Trafalgar yet once more
We taught him : late he learned humility
Perforce, like those whom Gideon school'd
with briers.

Has reference to the battle of
Trafalgar.

Buonaparte.

TRATH TREROIT.

And down the waste sand-shores of Trath

Treroit,
Where many a heathen fell :

The scene of king Arthur's
tenth victory over the Saxons.
It is identified with a stream
near the Solway Firth.

Lancelot and Elaine.

TRAVELLER'S-JOY.

The Clematis Fitalba, a climb-
ing plant with white flower?.
Aylmer's Field.

TRE]

279

[TRO

TREE-FERN.

A fern with a tree-like woody
To Ulysses.

stem.

TRIE (Sir Engelram de). See

Engelram de Erie.
TRINACRIAN ENNA.

Tho' dead in its Trinacrian Enna
Blossom again on a colder isle.

Trinacrian = Sicilian. Enna
(q.v.) was a city in Sicily.

To Professor J ebb.
TRINOBANT.

Hear Icenian, Catieuchlanian, hear Cori-
tanian, Trinobant !

The inhabitants of Trino-
bantium, an ancient British
tribe who inhabited the present
counties of Middlesex and
Essex.

Boddicea.
TRISTRAM.

Son of sir Meliodas, king of
Liones, and a Knight of the
Round Table ; married Isolt,
daughter of Howell, king of
Brittany, but the marriage was
an unhappy one, on account of
his attachment to Isolt his
aunt, the wife of king Mark
{q.v) of Cornwall. This Isolt
was the daughter of king Anguish
of Ireland, and Tristram
escorted her to England as
bride for his uncle Mark, and
on the morning of the marriage
Isolt and Tristram drank a love-
potion which kindled in their
hearts a passion which com-
pelled them to love each other
as long as they both lived.
Tristram was slain by Mark
while he was dallying with his
aunt.

He spoke, he turn'd, then, flinging round her

neck,
Claspt it, and cried ' Thine Order, O my

Queen ! '
But, while he bow'd to kiss the jewell'd throat,
Out of the dark, just as the lips had touch'd,
Behind him rose a shadow and a shriek —
' Mark's way,' said Mark, and clove him thro'

the brain.

Isolt, seeing her lover dead,

flung herself upon his corpse

and died also. The two were

buried in the one grave by order

of king Mark, who planted

over it a rose and vine which

became so interwoven that it

was impossible to separate them .

Gareth and Lynette ; Lan~

celot and Elaine ; Last

Tournament ; Guinevere.

TRO AD.

Name of the region round
about Troy.

Death of (Enone.

TROAS.

A country in Phrygia in Asia
Minor of which Troy was the
capital.

(Enone.
TROUBADOUR.

A class of French poets who
flourished from the eleventh to
the thirteenth century.

Becket.
TROUT.

A fresh-water fish of the
salmon kind.

Miller's Daughter ; Walk-
ing to the Mail; The
Brook ; Church-warden and
the Curate ; Promise of
May.

TROY.

A city of Troas, celebrated
as the scene of the legend im-
mortalized by the Iliad of

TSE]

280

[ULF

Homer of the abduction of
Helen of Sparta by Paris {q.v.),
which led to the Trojan war. It
was built by the gods Neptune
and Apollo for Laomedon,
father of Tithonus, the stones
of which are said to have been
placed in their positions to the
sound of Apollo's lute.

O Caves

That house the cold crown'd snake ! O

mountain brooks,
I am the daughter of a River-God,
Hear me, for I will speak, and build up all
My sorrow with my song, as yonder walls
Rose slowly to a music slowly breathed,
A cloud that gather'd shape :

CEnone ; Lotos-Eaters ; On
a Mourner ; Ulysses ; Speci-
men of a Translation of the
Iliad in Blank Verse ;
Death of (Enone.

TSERNOGORA.

Great Tsernogora ! never since thine own
Black ridges drew the cloud and brake the

storm
Has breathed a race of mightier mountaineers.

The Slavonic name for Mon-
tenegro.

Montenegro.

TUCK (Friar). See Friar Tuck.
TULIP.

A bulbous plant, with beau-
tiful bell-shaped flowers of the
genus Tulip a.

Gardener's Daughter ; In
Memoriam ; Voyage of
Maeldune.

TUNIS.

TURBIA.

Que en Mary.

What Roman strength Turbla show'd
In ruin, by the mountain road ;

How like a gem, beneath, the city
Of little Monaco, basking, glow'd.

A village near Monaco.
The Daisy.

TURKISH ISLAM.

warriors beating back the swarm
Of Turkish Islam for five hundred years,

Montenegro.
TURTLE.

A gallinaceous bird of the
genus Columba.

Progress of Spring.

TUSCAN POETS

O bliss, when all in circle drawn
About him, heart and ear were fed
To hear him, as he lay and read

The Tuscan poets on the lawn ;

Tuscan=the literary dialect
of Italy : Poets = Dante,
Petrarch, etc.

In Memoriam.
TYNE (river).

The Foresters.
TYROL.

A crownland of Austria. It
lies between Bavaria and Italy,
and is noted for the beauty of
its scenery.

The Princess.

ULAMA.

but our mama,
Who ' sitting on green sofas contemplate
The torment of the damn'd ' already,

A body of learned men among
the Mohammedans.

Akbar's Dream.

ULFIUS.

King Arthur's chamberlain,
and a knight of the Round
Table. He accompanied Uther
when he entered the castle of
Tintagel as the duke of Tin-
tagel to have access to the duke's
wife, Ygerne, the mother of
king Arthur. He afterwards
assisted king Arthur in the
great battle of the kings, and
was one of the three knights

ULR]

281

[VAL

sent by Arthur to king Leodo-
gran to ask for the hand of his
daughter Guinevere.

Coming of Arthur.

ULRIC.

A leprous Crusader dwelling
according to the custom of the
Church and the laws of God
in a hut on a solitary moor.
His wife refused to leave him,
saying she would live and die
with him.

The leprosy of the thirteenth
and fourteenth centuries was
supposed to be a legacy of the
Crusades.

Happy.

ULYSSES.

Ulysses, much experienced man,
Whose eyes have known this globe of ours,
Her tribes of men, and trees, and flowers,
From Oorrientes to Japan,

= W. G. Palgrave, author of
a book of that name. Palgrave
was a great traveller, like the
Greek Ulysses.

To Ulysses.

UNICORN.

A fabulous animal men-
tioned by ancient authors, with
one horn on the forehead and a
body like that of a horse. The
Unicorn is mentioned in the
Old Testament.

Canst thou bind the unicorn with his band in
the furrow ? Job xxxix. 10.

Holy Grail.

URANIA.

In Greek mythology the Muse
of Astronomy, represented as
holding a staff with which she
points to a globe.

In Memoriam.

URANIAN.

This I seal'd :
The seal was Cupid bent above a scroll,
And o'er his head Uranian Venus hung,
And raised the blinding bandage from his
eyes :

= Heavenly love.

The Princess.

URIEN.

A king of north Wales. Hus-
band of Morgan le Fay and
father of sir Gawain.

Coming of Arthur.

USK.

A river of Monmouthshire.
Marriage of Geraint ; Ger-
aint and Enid ; Balin and
Balan ; Pelleas and Ettarre.

UTHER.

Pendragon of the Britons ;
married Igerna or Ygerne, widow
of Gorlois ; father of king
Arthur. He succeeded his
brother Aurelius (q.v.), king
of the Britons, and defeated
the Saxons under Vortigern
and Hengist. He then over-
came Gorlois, duke of Corn-
wall, and married his widow
Igerna. Uther commanded
Merlin to make the Round
Table and gave it to king Leo-
dogran who gave it to king
Arthur as a wedding gift.
Uther was poisoned by the
Saxons and buried at Stone-
henge near his brother.

Palace of Art ; Coming of
Arthur ; Gareth and Lyn-
ette ; Geraint and Enid.

VALERY. See St. Valery.

VALHALLA. See Walhalla.

VAL]

282

[VEN

VALKYRIAN.

But great is song
Used to great ends : ourself have often tried
Valkyrian hymns, or into rhythm have

dash'd
The passion of the prophetess ;

In Scandinavian mythology
the warrior nymphs who chose
the slain in battle for transpor-
tation to Walhalla (q.v.) and
who handed to the warriors
their drinking-horns at their
daily feast with Odin.

The Princess.

VAN DIEMEN.

And show you slips of all that grows
From England to Van Diemen.

= the island of Tasmania.
Amphion.
VASHTI.

Wife of king Ahasuerus of
Babylon, who was divorced, for
refusing to obey the king's
command. Esther i.

The Princess.
VAUNTCOURIER.

A word meaning ' Fore-
runner.'

Lover's Tale.

VAVASOUR (MISS).
A schoolmistress.

Promise of May.

VENICE.

A city and seaport of Italy
and capital of the province of
Venice.

The Ring ; Queen Mary.

VENUS.

In Roman mythology the
goddess of love, the queen of
laughter, and the mistress of
the graces and of pleasures,
daughter of Jupiter and Dione,
and mother of Cupid. In

Greek mythology she is identi-
fied with Aphrodite (q.v.). She
is represented as presiding over
flower-gardens and vines, and
is worshipped by gardeners,
vine-growers and florists. She
had a temple built in her honour
in the Forum by Caesar in 46
B.C. and in a.d. 135 Hadrian
erected a double temple in
her honour the ruins of which
may still be seen. When Paris
{q.v), the shepherd-prince of
Troy, was appointed arbiter to
judge which of the three god-
desses (Juno, Pallas Athene,
and Venus) was the most beau-
tiful, and which should be
awarded the golden apple, the
prize of beauty, Venus, on
appearing before him promised
him as a bribe the most beauti-
ful woman in Greece as his wife.

Idalian Aphrodite beautiful,

Fresh as the foam, new-bathed in Paphian

wells,
With rosy slender fingers backward drew
From her warm brows and bosom her deep

hair
Ambrosial, golden round her lucid throat
And shoulder ; from the violets her light foot
Shone rosy-white, and o'er her rounded form
Between the shadows of the vine-bunches
Floated the glowing sunlights, as she moved
* » •

She with a subtle smile in her mild eyes,
The herald of her triumph drawing nigh .
Half-whisper'd in his ear, ' I promise thee
The fairest and most loving wife in Greece,'
She spoke and laugh'd : I shut my sight for

fear :
But when I look'd, Paris had raised his haad
And I beheld great Herd's angry eyes,*
As she withdrew into the golden cloud,*
And I was left alone within the bower ;
And from that time to this I am alone,
And I shall be alone until I die.

Paris handed the apple to
Venus.

Lucretius ; The Princess g
Lover's Tale ; Locksley
Hall Sixty Tears After ;
The Cup.

VER]

283

[vnr

VERAGUA.

my lord,
I swear to you I heard his voice between
The thunders in the black Veragua nights,

A region in the western part
of the Isthmus of Panama. It
was named by Columbus, who
discovered it in 1502, and who
attempted to found a settle-
ment there, but was driven off
by the Indians.

Columbus.

VERULAM.

The title of the barony con-
ferred on Bacon by Elizabeth
in 1618.

Palace of Art ; The Princess.

VERULAM.

The Roman name for the
city of St. Albans. It was
identical with the fortress of
Cassivellaunus destroyed by
Caesar in 54 b.c. and it was
captured and burnt by Boadicea
(q.v.) in 61 a.d.

Boadicea.

VESELAY.

A French town.

VICISTI GALILZEE.

Becket.

Eve after eve that haggard anchorite
Would haunt the desolated fane, and there
Gaze at the ruin, often mutter low
' Vicisti Galilaee ' ; louder again,
Spurning a shatter'd fragment of the God,
' Vicisti Galilase ! '

Has reference to Julian, called
the * Apostate,' emperor of
Rome for eighteen months from
361-363 a.d. On becoming
emperor he renounced Christi-
anity and endeavoured to re-
store paganism, and is said to
have persecuted the Christians
although there is no evidence

to justify it. He was the
author of several works, one of
which was in opposition to
Christianity. In an expedi-
tion against the Persians he was
wounded, and as he fell from
his horse in a fainting condition,,
he exclaimed : ' Vicisti Gali-
laee ' (' Thou hast conquered,

0 Galilean ! ') He was carried
to his tent and died the same
evening, June 26, 363.

St. Telemachus.

VICTORIA.

Victoria, — since your Royal grace
To one of less desert allows
This laurel greener from the brows

Of him that utter'd nothing base ;

Queen Victoria.

To the Queen.
VIENNA.

My blood an even tenor kept,
Till on mine ear this me sage falls,
That in Vienna's fatal walls

God's finger touch 'd him, and he slept.

Capital of the Austrian-Hun-
garian monarchy, situated on
the river Danube.

In Memoriam.

VILLA GARCIA.

One of the men who tried to
induce Cranmer to sign and
declare the queen's right to
the throne, confess his faith
before all hearers, and retract
the Eucharistic doctrine. He
also helped with Soto to take
Cranmer to St. Mary's Church,
and with the choir helped ta

1 strike ' up the Nunc Dimittus.

Queen Mary.
VINE.

A climbing plant which pro-
duces the grape, of the genus
Vitis.

Queen Mary ; Harold ,~

VIN]

:84

[VIV

The Cup ; Ode to Memory ;
Mariana in the South ;
(Enone ; Lotos - Eaters ;
Dream of Fair Women ;
Audley Court ; Amphion ;
Aylmer's Field ; The Prin-
cess ; Ode on the death of the
Duke of Wellington ; Death
of (Enone ; The Daisy ;
The Islet ; The Window ;
Romney's Remorse ; In
Memoriam ; Lancelot and
Elaine ; Voyage of Mael-
dune ; Demeter and Per-
sephone ; To E. Fitzgerald ;
Tiresias.

VINE-AN'-THE-HOP.

An inn sign.

Promise of May.

VIOLET.

One of the staff of the College
for women founded by the
princess Ida.

The Princess.

VIOLET.

An herbaceous plant and
flower of the genus Viola, of
many species.

Adeline ; (Enone ; May
Queen ; Dream of Fair
Women ; Will Water-
proofs Lyrical Monologue ;
Sir Launcelot and Queen
Guinevere ; Aylmer's Field ;
The Princess ; To Rev. F.
D. Maurice ; In Memoriam ;
Maud ; Lover's Tale ;
Progress of Spring ; Becket ;
The Falcon ; Promise of
May.

VIPER.

A European serpent whose
bite is venomous.

The Princess ; Merlin and
Vivien.

VIRGIL.

= The Latin poet.

To Virgil ; Poets and their
Bibliographies ; Queen

Mary.

VITUS (Saint).

A Roman saint martyred
under Diocletian, and the patron
of dances.

The Foresters.

VIVIAN (Sir Walter).

Sir Walter Vivian — a gentle-
man supposed to be living at
Maidstone Park, when in 1844
a festival of the Mechanics' In-
stitution was being held there,
sir Walter himself being patron
of the Institution. His house
was adorned with articles col-
lected from all quarters of the
globe and all eras of history.
The Princess.

VIVIAN-PLACE.

The home of sir Walter
Vivian.

The Princess.

VIVIEN.

A wanton at the court of
king Arthur, who hated all the
knights. She was an orphan,
her father having been killed
in battle, and her mother had
died upon his corpse on the
battlefield. She went to queen
Guinevere to ask protection and
the queen took her as one of

VOL]

285

[WAL

her maids, where she tried
without success to seduce the
blameless king. With Merlin
(q.v) she had better success,
for under pretence of great
devotion, she followed him to
the wild woods of Broceliande
in Brittany.

A storm was coming, but the winds were still,
And in the wild woods of Broceliande,
Before an oak, so hollow, huge and old
It look'd a tower of ivied masonwork
At Merlin's feet the wily Vivien lay.

Being pestered with her he
confided to her the secret of his
magic power, whereupon she
confined him in a hollow tower
from which there was no
escape.

And then she follow'd Merlin all the way,
Ev'n to the wild woods of Broceliande.
For Merlin once had told her of a charm,
The which if any wrought on any one
With woven paces and with waving arms.
The man so wrought on ever seem'd to lie
Closed in the four walls of a hollow tower ,
From which was no escape for evermore ;

Balin and Balan ; Merlin
and Vivien ; Guinevere.
VOLTIGEUR.

Name of a horse.

Promise of May.
VULCAN.

In Italian mythology the
god of fire, and of the art of
forging, identified with the
Greek Hephaestus. A temple
was built in his honour at Rome,
and he is supposed to have had
a forge under mount Etna where
he manufactured thunderbolts.
The Princess.
VULTURE.

A rapacious bird of prey of
the genus Vultur, feeding largely
on carrion.

You might have won ; The
Princess.

WALES.

Golden Tear ; Coming of
Arthur ; Sir John Old-
castle, Lord Cobham ;
Harold.

WALHALLA.

In Scandinavian mythology
the Hall of the Slain ; the name
of the residence for brave
warriors slain in battle where
they were conveyed by the war-
rior nymphs, the Valkyries (q.v.).
Harold.
WALNUT.

A tree and its fruit of the
genus Jugians.

Miller's Daughter; The Cup,

WALTER.

Married Miriam Erne, cousin
of Muriel Erne. Before they
were married Walter gave
Miriam a ring supposed to be
possessed with magic power.

then I bad the man engrave
' From Walter ' on the ring, and send it.

The Ring.
WALTER.

The lover of Olivia, and to
whom the oak-tree supposed to
be gifted with speech gave an
account of the doings of Olivia
during his absence. In return
for the information given he
vowed that Olivia should wear
on her wedding day a wreath
of alternate leaf and acorn ball.
Talking Oak.

WALTER.
WALTER LEA.

Son of sir Richard Lea, and
brother of Maid Marian.

The Foresters.

WAL]

286

[WAR

WALTER.

WALTER VIVIAN. See Vivian.

WALTER MAP.

A twelfth century writer,
probably born in Herefordshire.
Was an intimate friend of arch-
bishop Becket. After studying
at the University of Paris,
entered the service of Henry
II, and acted as chaplain to the
king during the wars brought
about by the rebellion of
Henry's sons. Represented
Henry at the court of Louis
VII and attended the council
at the Lateran at Rome in 1179.
For some time was parson
at Westbury, where he came
in conflict with the monks of
the neighbouring Cistercian
monastery. Canon of St.
Paul's and Chancellor of Lin-
coln, and in 1197 was appointed
archdeacon of Oxford. He was
the author of Latin Satirical
Poems against the priesthood.
Becket.
WALTHAM.

the Holy Rood
That bow'd to me at Waltham —

Waltham Holy Cross was
founded by Tovi, standard-
bearer to king Canute, and
finished by king Harold in 1060.
Gasquet in his Greater Abbeys
of England says :

The first foundation at Waltham, and in-
deed the adoption of the name of ' Holy
Cross ' as the dedication, was brought about,
according to legend, in a mysterious manner.
In the reign of king Canute a pious smith, so
runs the story, received a supernatural intima-
tion that he would find a crucifix buried on
the hill at Montacut?, in Somerset. The
parish priest was consulted and thought the
matter should be examined into at once. At
the head of a procession, praying and singing
the Litanies, this priest accompanied the
^mith to the spot which had been pointed

out to him in his dream and which, when on
the ground, he fully recognized. Here, after
much digging, the searchers came upon a
wonderful crucifix carved in black marble .
The discovery naturally made a great im-
pression at the time , and indeed, the fact
suggested the war cry of the English at the
battle of Senlac : ' Holy Cross, out, out ! '
The lord of the manor of Montacute at the
time of the discovery was named Tovi, a
well-known soldier who was standard-bearer to
king Canute. By his direction the crucifix
was placed on an ornamented car, to which
were harnessed twelve red oxen and twelve
white cows, and the ultimate destination was
left to their instincts, guided, of course, by
Providence. The spot at which they ulti-
mately stopped, and which was thus pointed
out by fate as the place where the cross was
to remain, was Waltham. . . . Here Tovi,
with the king's help, established two priests
to act as guardians of the crucifix thus so
strangely fmnd at Montacute and provi-
dentially brought to Waltham. From the
first this cross was believed to possess miracu-
lous powers, and amongst other favours
thought to have been obtained at its shrine
was the cure of Harold, son of earl Godwin,
from the palsy.

On his way to the battle of
Senlac Harold came to Wal-
tham to pay a visit to the shrine
and offer up his devotions at the
great Cross. His body, found
on the field of battle, was by
William ordered to be buried
there, but at the request of his
mother was transferred to Wal-
tham and buried in the Abbey.
Harold.

WALWORTH.

Queen Mary.

WANSTEAD.

A town in Essex.

Queen Mary.

WARD.

Farewell, whose living like I shall not find,
Whose Faith and Work were bells of fnll
accord,

My friend, the most unworldly of mankind,
Most generous of all Ultramontanes, Ward,

William George Ward, to
whom the poem is dedicated.
A zealous advocate of the Trac-
tarian movement, he carried it
out in principle by joining in

WAR]

287

[WHA

1845 the Roman Catholic
Church (181 2-1882).

In Memoriam, William
George Ward.
WAR-HAWK.

Battle of Brunanburh.
WASP.

A hymenopterous insect of
the genus Vespa whose sting
is very painful.

The Princess.
WATERFLAG.

Reeds, with long leaves, that
wave like flags in the wind.
Morte d? Arthur ; Passing of
Arthur.
WATERFOWL.

A bird that frequents the
water.

Merlin and Vivien.

WATER-GATE.

Storm at the Water-gate ! storm at the Bailey-
gate ! storm,

Defence of Lucknow.

WATER-GNAT.

An insect whose early stages
are passed in ponds, ditches,
and shallow pools.

Leonine Elegiacs.

WATER-LILY.

A plant of the genus Nymph-
a?a> with large floating leaves
and beautiful flowers.

Lady of Shalott ; The
Princess.
WATERLOO.

ss Battle of Waterloo.
Will Waterproofs Lyrical
Monologue ; Ode on the
Death of the Duke of Wel-
lington ; Sisters (Evelyn and
Edith).

WAYFARING-TREE.

A European shrub having
large ovate leaves and small
white flowers.

Sir John Oldcastle,
Lord Cobham.

WEASEL.

A small quadruped of the
genus Mustela which feeds on
birds and mice.

Aylmer's Field; The Prin-
cess ; Gareth and Lynette ;
Promise of May.

WEEDY SEAS.

ss the Sargasso Sea, where
masses of seaweed accumulate.
Columbus.

WELLS (Dean of).

Queen Mary.

WESSEX.

The kingdom of the West
Saxons.

Harold.

WESTMINSTER (City of).

Harold; Becket.

WESTMINSTER (Bishop of). See
Thirlby.

WEST-SAXON-LAND.

Also the brethren,
King and Atheling,
Each in his glory,
Went to his own in his own West-Saxon-land,
Glad of the war.

Battle of Brunanburh.

WHALE.

A mammal of the order
Cetacea, hunted chiefly for
its oil and whalebone.

Harold.

WHARTON (Lady Anne). See
Anne, Anne Wharton.

WHI] 2

WHITE (Sir Thomas). See
Thomas White.

WHITE HORSE.

and as now
Men weed the white horse on the Berkshire

hills
To keep him bright and clean as heretofore,

See Berkshire.

Geraint and Enid.

WHITE ROSE.

Name of a horse.

The Brook.
WHITETHORN.

= the hawthorn.

Queen Mary.

WICKENTREE.

= the mountain-ash or rowan-

tree.

The Foresters.

WICLIF.

John Wiclif, the ' morning
star of the Reformation.' In
1 361 appointed Master of
Balliol College and four years
afterwards was made Warden
of Canterbury hall by arch-
bishop Islip, but deprived by
Islip's successor Stephen Lang-
ton at the instigation of the
monks, who were angry with
him for exposing their corrupt
lives. In 1374 ne was pre-
ferred by the crown to the
rectory of Lutterworth, and for
openly preaching against the
corruption of the Roman Church
pope Gregory XI issued several
bulls charging him with heresy
and he was summoned to appear
at St. Paul's by the bishop of
London, where he made such
an able defence of himself that
the council broke up without

! [WIC

coming to a decision. The
pope, however, issued a series
of bulls to the bishops bidding
them to arrest and imprison
Wiclif, with a consequence that
he was ordered to appear be-
fore a synod in the arch-
bishop's palace at Lambeth,,
which synod was prohibited by
an order from the king's mother.
At this time the Roman Church
was shaken by the election of
a second pope, and Wiclif,,
taking advantage, struck at the
constitution of the Roman
Church and denounced in
vigorous language its corrupt-
ness. He translated the Bible ;
organized a body of poor priests
who went through the country
preaching and spreading his
doctrines. In 1380 he declared
against the doctrine of transub-
stantiation, but his theses were
condemned by a convocation at
Oxford, who forbade him to
teach them in the university.
Two years later archbishop
Courtenay condemned his
opinions and his followers were
arrested and compelled to re-
cant. Wiclif withdrew to Lut-
terworth, where in spite of a
stroke of paralysis he con-
tinued his literary activity.
He died on December 31, 1384,
and in 1428 his bones were dug
up and burned, and his ashes
thrown into the river Swift,
close by the town where he had
laboured so long (1 320-1 384).
Sir John Oldcastle,
Lord Cobham.

WIL]

WILD-SWAN.

A large bird, measuring five
feet in length and eight across
its expanded wings. These
birds fly in a wedgelike figure,
following the course set them
by their ' leader.'

The leader wild-swan in among the stars
Would clang it,

Poet's Song ; The Princess.

WILD WEED-FLOWER.

Day-Dream.

WILD WILL.

Name of a horse.

The Brook.
WILLER.

= the willow.

Promise of May.

WILLIAM.

With farmer Allan at the farm abode
William and Dora.

Son of farmer Allan.

Dora.
WILLIAM.
WILLIAM HOWARD.

Eldest son of Thomas How-
ard, second duke of Norfolk ;
governor of Calais 1552-53 ;
and lord high admiral 1554-73 ;
was created a peer for his
defence of London against
sir Thomas Wyatt in 1554.
Queen Mary.

WILLIAM THE FIRST.
WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR.

King of England, son of
Robert I, duke of Normandy,
whom he succeeded in 1035.
In 1 05 1 he visited the English
Court, and received from Ed-
ward the Confessor a promise
that he should succeed him as

289

[WIL

king, and in 1064, during earl
Harold's visit to the French
Court he made him swear to
help him to gain the English
crown. On the death of Ed-
ward the Confessor Harold
was proclaimed king, and in
September 1066 William in-
vaded England, and in the
following month of the same
year defeated Harold at the
battle of Senlac, marched to
London and was crowned in
Westminster Abbey on December
25, 1066. He ruled with great
tyranny, in consequence of
which several insurrections took
place, which were not quelled
until William had devastated
various parts of the country
with fire and sword. He in-
stituted the curfew and made
a survey of all the lands in the
kingdom known as the Domes-
day Book. In 1070 an insurrec-
tion broke out in the Isle of
Ely under the leadership of
Here ward the Wake. Eight
years later he built the Tower
of London, and having entered
upon a war with Philip of
France, he attacked and burned
in 1087 the city of Mantes.
As he rode through the burning
town his horse stumbled, and
he received an injury from
which he died on September 9
of the same year. He was;
buried at Caen.

Queen Mary ; Becket ;
Harold.
WILLIAM OF ORANGE.

A member of the noble house

WIL]

290

[WIL

of Nassau, who inherited from
his cousin the principality of
Orange. Owing to the perse-
cution of Protestants in the
Netherlands took up arms in
defence of his country's freedom
against the tyranny of Philip
of Spain, and did not rest
until he had freed it from the
Spanish yoke. In 1580 Philip
issued a ban against him, and
set a price of 25,000 gold
crowns upon his head, and on
July 10 he was assassinated in
his house at Delft by Balthazar
Gerard (15 3 3-1 5 84).

Queen Mary.

WILLIAMS (Lord, of Thame).

Whereat Lord Williams gave a sudden cry :
' Make short ! make short ! ' and so they lit
the wood.

Son of sir John Williams . On
the death of Edward VI he
became a supporter of Mary's
cause, proclaimed her at Ox-
ford, and raised some six thou-
sand men in Northamptonshire
to support her cause. He had
the custody of the princess
Elizabeth at Woodstock, until
she was transferred to the
keeping of sir Henry Beding-
field. As Sheriff of Oxford-
shire he conveyed Cranmer,
Latimer and Ridley to Oxford
to await their trial, and was
present at their execution. On
account of the kindness he had
shown to Elizabeth during the
time she was in his custody,
he was on her accession ap-
pointed to attend her to Lon-
don in 1558, and soon after-
wards was appointed Lord

President of Wales. He died
in 1559, at Ludlow Castle, and
was buried in the parish church
at Thame.

Queen Mary.

WILLIAM THE SILENT. See
William of Orange.

WILLOW. ,

A tree or shrub of the genus
Salix, including many species.
Dying Swan ; Lady of
Shalott ; Mariana in the
South ; Walking to the
Mail ; Amfhion ; In Me-
moriam ; Merlin and the
Gleam.

WILLOW-HERB.

A perennial herb with narrow
willowlike leaves and rose-
purple flowers.

Promise of May.

WILLOWS (James). See James
Willows.

WILLOW-WEED.

A plant which grows on
marshy or moist soils.

The Brook.

WILLY.

An old grandmother of re-
ligious frame of mind, as her
memory travels back, felt that
the spirits of her dead sons, of
whom Willy was one, were
about her in the kitchen, and
lost all sense of time and loss,
in looking forward towards her
own end with restful expecta-
tion. Willy was her eldest
born, and the flower of her
flock, and the news of his death

WBL]

had been brought to her by a
little girl named Annie, to
whom in reply, she said : —

I ought to have gone before him : I wonder

he went so young,
I cannot cry for him, Annie ; I have not long

to stay ;

She could not weep for Willy,
but looked forward to a happy
reunion with her husband and
all her children, as she said :

I, too, shall go in a minute.

Grandmother.

WILLY.

Son of the speaker in the
poem. The woman when on her
deathbed related to another
woman, the story of her son's
crime. She blamed others for
his sin :

But he lived with a lot of wild mates, and
i they never would let him be good ;

He robbed the mail as an
act of daring, and was hanged
in chains. His mother stole
his bones from the prison-yard
and buried them in the night
by the churchyard wall. She
contrasts the actions of the
lawyer with that of the Saviour.

For the lawyer is born but to murder — the
Saviour lives but to bless.

Rizpah.

WILSON.

A schoolmaster.

Promise of May.
WINCHESTER (Bishop of).

Queen Mary.

WINCHESTER (Henry of). See
Henry of Winchester.

WIND-HOVER.

= the Kestrel, a bird of the
hawk kind, so called from its

291 [WOL

hovering in the wind over one
spot without fluttering its
wings .

Aylmer's Field,.

WINDSOR.

WINNIE.

Queen Mary.

Minnie and Winnie

Slept in a shell.
Sleep, little ladies !

And they slept well.

Minnie and Winnie.

WIT AN.

= Witenagemot : the Na-
tional Council of England in
Anglo-Saxon times.

Harold.

WITCH-ELM.

The drooping broad-leaved
elm of Scotland.

In Memoriam.

WODEN. See Odin.

WOLF.

An animal of the genus
Canis, allied to the dog.

Aylmer's Field ; The Prin-
cess ; Boadicea ; Maud ;
Coming of Arthur ; Ger-
aint and Enid ; Balin and
Balan ; Merlin and Vivien;
Pelleas and Ettarre ;
Northern Cobbler ; Sir John
Oldcastle, Lord Cobham ;
Battle of Brunanburh ; For-
lorn ; Queen Mary ; Harold ;
Becket; %The Cup; The
Foresters.

WOLSELEY.

Field-Marshal viscount Wolse-
ley, eldest son of Major Garnet
Joseph Wolseley. He served

WOO]

292

[WOR

in the Burmese War, the
Crimea, the Indian Mutiny —
being present at the relief of
Lucknow — in the Chinese war,
and afterwards in Canada, and
in 1873 was appointed in com-
mand of the punitive expedition
to the Gold Coast against the
Ashantis. On the outbreak of
the rebellion in Egypt in 1882
he was appointed in command of
the expedition, and after fight-
ing several engagements with
the enemy, advanced to Tel-el-
Kebir, where on September 13,
1882, he completely routed the
Tebels under Arabi Pasha (q-v.).

You saw the league-long rampart-fire

Flare from Tel-el- Kebir
Thro' darkness, and the foe was driven,

And Wolseley overthrew
Arabi, and the stars in heaven

Paled, and the glory grew.

Ten years later he proceeded
again to Egypt in command
of an expedition for the relief
of general Gordon at Khartoum,
but arrived too late to effect its
object. He died on March 25,

I913(i833-i913)-

Prologue to General Hamley.

WOODBINE.

= a climbing plant ; the
honeysuckle.

Promise of May ; A Dirge ;
My life is full ; Talking
Oak ; Day-Dream ; In Me-
moriam ; Spinster's Sweet-
Arts ; Promise of May.

WOODCOCK.

A bird belonging to the
genera Scolopax and Philohela,
allied to the snipe.

Balin and Balan.

WOOD-DEVIL.

Balin and Balan.

WOOD-DOVE.

= the wild dove.

Balin and Balan.

WOOD-LOUSE.

= a terrestrial isopod of the
family Oniscida.

The Window.
WOODPECKER.

A bird of the order Picaria,
with a strong chisel-like bill,
with which it is able to drill
holes in the bark and wood
of trees.

Kate ; The Princess ; Pro-
gress of Spring.
WOODSTOCK.

Was a royal residence when
the Domesday Survey was
made. It was the scene of
Henry IPs courtship of Rosa-
mond de Clifford. Queen
Elizabeth was a prisoner here
from May 1554 to May 1555,
and after her accession to the
throne visited it in 1556 and
again in 1575. After the battle
of Blenheim the manor of
Woodstock was bestowed in
perpetuity on John duke of
Marlborough.

Queen Mary.

WORKS AND DAYS.

Landscape-lover, lord of language more than
he that sang the Works and Days,

The name of a poem by
Hesiod, the Greek poet, the
earliest didactic poem known
to us in Greek.

To Virgil.
WORMS.

A city and capital of the

WRE]

293

[YNI

province of Rhine-Hesse, on the
river Rhine.

Queen Mary.

WREN.

A species of small bird be-
longing to the genus Troglodytes.
Golden Year ; The Win-
dow ; Marriage of Geraint.

WRIGGLESBY BECK.

Northern Farmer ', New Style.

WRIT, HOLY. See Holy Writ.

WULFNOTH.

Son of Godwin, and brother
of king Harold.

Harold.

WYATT (Sir Thomas). See
Thomas Wyatt.

WYCLIFFE (John). See Wiclif.

WYE.

A river in south Wales.

In Memoriam.

WYVERN.

An heraldic device in shape of
a dragon with expanded wings.
Aylmer's Field ; Holy Grail.

XANTHUS.

A river of Troas.

Specimen of a Translation
of the Iliad in Blank Verse.

YABBOK BROOK.

Clear-headed Friend.

YAFFINGALE.

= the green woodpecker,
noted for its loud laughing note.

And hear the garnet-headed yaffingale
Mock them :

Last Tournament.

YEW.
YEW-TREE.

An evergreeen tree of the
genus Taxus, allied to the pine.
Love and Death ; Two
Voices ; Amfhion ; The
Letters ; Enoch Arden ; The
Princess ; In Memoriam ;
Lancelot and Elaine ; Dedi-
catory Poem to the Princess
Alice ; The Flight ; Walking
to the Mail ; Holy Grail ;
Promise of May ; The
Foresters.

YGERNE.

Wife of Gorlois, lord of
Tintagel Castle. She was a
beautiful woman, and at a
festival of the Round Table
Uther fell in love with her, and
upon Ulfin revealing it to her
she told her husband Gorlois,
who locked her up in the im-
pregnable fortress of Tintagel,
and gathering together an
army, fought against Uther, but
was defeated and slain. Ygerne
then became the wife of Uther
and subsequently the mother of
king Arthur.

Coming of Arthur.

YNIOL.

An earl of decayed fortune
and the father of Enid, wife of
sir Geraint. He was ousted
from his earldom by his nephew
Edyrn, who attempted to win
his daughter, but was unsuccess-
ful. Edyrn, however, being
overthrown in a tournament by

YOR]

294

[ZUR

sir Geraint, the earldom was
restored to him.

Marriage of Geraint ; Ger-
aint and Enid.

YORK.

And York's white rose as red as Lancaster's

as Wars of the Roses between
the houses of York and Lan-
caster.

Aylmer's Field.

YORK (Archbishop).

Becket.

YORK (Archbishoprick).

Becket.

YORK (City of).

Queen Mary ; Harold ;
The Foresters.

YORK (County of).

Edwin Morris ; Aylmer's Field.

ZERUBBABEL.

The Christian name of a man
called Sanders (q.v.), who lived

in Cornhill at the Sign of the
Talbot.

Queen Mary.

ZEUS.

In Greek mythology the
lord of Heaven, identified with
the Italian Jupiter (q.v.).

Achilles over the Trench.

ZOROASTRIAN.

A follower of Zoroaster, the
prophet of the ancient Persians.
Akbar's Dream.

ZUINGLIUS.

The ghosts of Luther and Zuinglius fade
Into the deathless hell which is their doom
Before my star !

Has reference to Zuingli, the
Swiss reformer.

Queen Mary.

ZURICH.

Cranmer. To Strasburg, Antwerp Frank-
fort, Zurich, Worms,
Geneva, Basle — our Bishops from their sees
Or fled, they say, or flying —

A town in Switzerland, and
capital of the Canton of Zurich.
Queen Mary.

LIST OF AUTHORITIES AND OF WORKS
CONSULTED AND QUOTED

Abbott, Dr. Evelyn. History of Greece.
Alfred Lord Tennyson. A Memoir, by his son.
Allen, Grant. Anglo-Saxon Britain.
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, The.

Arthurian Chronicles, represented by Wace and Layamon.
Bible, The.

Brewer, Rev. Dr. E. C. Dictionary of Phrase and Fable.
Brewer, Rev. Dr. E. C. Reader's Handbook.
Burns, Robert. Poetical Works.
Byron, Lord. Poetical Works.
Campbell, Thomas. Pleasures of Hope.
Cervantes, Miguel de. Don Quixote.
Chambers, R. Editor. Book of Days.
Chambers's Encyclopaedia.
Conybeare, Edward. Roman Britain.
Cowper, William. Poetical Works.
Darwin, Erasmus. Botanic Garden.
Dictionary of National Biography.
Drayton, Michael. Polyolbion.
Dryden, John. Poetical Works.
Encyclopaedia Britannica.
Freeman, Dr. E. A. Norman Conquest.

Froissart, Sir John. Chronicles of England, France, Spain, etc.
Froude, James Anthony. History of England.
Fuller, Rev. Thomas. Worthies of England.
Gardiner, Dr. Samuel R. History of England.
Geoffrey of Monmouth.

Guerber, H. A. Myths and Legends of the Middle Ages.
Guest, Lady Charlotte. The Mabinogion.
Harmsworth's Encyclopaedia.
Haydn's Dictionary of Dates.
Homer. The Iliad and Odyssey.
Hunt, Rev. William. Norman Britain.
Irving, Washington. Life of Columbus.

295

296

Kirtlan, Rev. E. J. B. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.

Lempriere, Dr. J. Classical Dictionary.

Liddell, Dr. Henry G. History of Rome.

Littledale, Prof. H. Essays on Lord Tennyson's Idylls of the King,

Macmillan's Modern Languages and Literature Series.

Malory, Sir Thomas. Morte d'Arthur.

Milton, John. Poetical Works.

Nennius. Six Chronicles.

Nuttall Encyclopaedia, The. Edited by Rev. James Wood.

Pepys, Samuel. Diary of.

Percy, Thomas. Reliques of Ancient English Poetry.

Pope, Alexander. Poetical Works.

Rawnsley, Rev. Canon. Memories of the Tennysons.

Rhys, Dr. J. Celtic Britain.

Ritson, Joseph. Robin Hood.

Rollin, Prof. Charles. Ancient History.

Seyffert, Dr. Oskar. Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, Mythology,
Religion, Literature and Art.

Shakespeare, William. Works.

Sloane, Sir Hans. Manuscript.

Spenser, Edmund. Poetical Works.

Tappan, Eva M. Heroes of the Middle Ages.

Turner, Sharon. History of the Anglo-Saxons.

Wagner, Dr. W. Epics and Romances of the Middle Ages. Trans-
lated by W. M. Macdowall.

Webster's International Dictionary.

Wordsworth, William. Poetical Works.

Printed in England
by Butler & Tanner, Selwood Printing Works, Frome, Somerset.

/

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