rE"
t
eM> 9335.4a298
Given By
ikS.SUPT.OFDU
"3i
3*
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
HEARING
BEFORE THE
COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
EIGHTY-THIKD CONGEESS
FIRST SESSION
JULY 21, 1953
Printed for the use of the Committee on Un-American Activities
INCLUDING INDEX
POBL
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
43620 WASHINGTON : 1954
Boston Public Library
Superintendent of Documents
APR 2 8 1954
COMMITTEE OX UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES
United States House of Representatives
HAROLD H. YELDE, Illinois, Chairman
BERNARD W. KEARNEY, New York FRANCIS E. WALTER, Pennsylvania
DONALD L. JACKSON, California MORGAN M. MOULDER, Missouri
KIT CLARDY, Michigan CLYDE DOYLE, California
GORDON H. SCHERER, Ohio JAMES B. FRAZIER, Jr., Tennessee
Robert L. Kunzig, Counsel
Frank S. Tavenner, Jr., Counsel
Louis J. Russell, Chief Investigator
Thomas W. Beale, Sr., Chief Clerk
Raphael I. Nixon, Director of Research
li
EXHIBITS
Page
Oxnam Exhibit Xo. 1. — Committee on Un-American Activities memo-
randum, "Information from the files of the Committee on Un-American
Activities, United States House of Representatives, subject: G. Bromley
Oxnam" 3594
Oxnam Exhibit No. 1-A. — Partial bibliography of books, pamphlets, and
adresses by Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam, with particular reference to
communism 3590
Oxnam Exhibit Xo. 2. — Washington Post, April 5, 1953, A Velde Com-
mittee File Dissected, article by G. Bromley Oxnam Opp. 3598
Oxnam Exhibit Xo. 3. — Massachusetts Council of American-Soviet
Friendship, affiliated with the National Council of American-Soviet
Friendship, letterhead dated December 15, 1943, listing executive
board, with Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam as chairman 3607
Oxnam Exhibit Xo. 4. — National Council of American-Soviet Friendship,
Inc., letterhead dated March 13, 1946, listing officers and on reverse side,
the sponsors, in which group the name of Bishop G. Bromlev Oxnam is
included 1 3608
Oxnam Exhibit Xo. 5. — Knoxville Journal, Sunday, Xovember 3, 1946,
pages 8 A and 9 A, article. Who Told the Truth About Oxnam's Red
Organization Connections? Opp. 3610
Oxnam Exhibit Xo. 5-A. — Letter, dated August 18, 1953, written to Rev.
D. B. Cooper, The Methodist 'Church, Fries, Va., by T. Otto Nail,
editor, the Christian Advocate, Chicago, 111 3610
Oxnam Exhibit Xo. 5-B. — Letter, dated August 22, 1953, written to Rev.
T. Otto Xall, editor, Christian Advocate, Chicago, 111., bv Rev. D. B.
Cooper, Fries, Va I 3611
Oxnam Exhibit X'o. 6. — -Los Angeles Times, April 26, 1923, pages 1 and 2,
articles headed, "Teachers Committees Quiz Board Candidates," "Shall
Radical Head Schools?", and "Oxnam Says He Is Not a Radical" 3612
Oxnam Exhibit Xo. 6-A. — Letter, dated April 26, 1923, written "To the
Editor," Los Angeles Times, Los Angeles, Calif., By G. Bromley Oxnam. 3618
Oxnam Exhibit Xo. 7. — Daily Worker, December 1, 1947, page 3, article
headed, "Leaders in Arts, Sciences Hit Pix Purges," including letter
of which Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam is listed among the signers protesting
the firing of the 10 Hollywood writers and directors who were cited for
contempt Opp. 3624
Oxnam Exhibit Xo. 8. — San Francisco Chronicle, Tuesday, December 2,
1947, page 21, article headed, "Film Firings 'Censorship', PCA Warns,"
describing a letter from the Progressive Citizens of America, directed to
the Motion Picture Association, among the signers of which is listed
Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam, protesting the firing of the Hollywood 10__ 3625
Oxnam Exhibit Xo. 9. — Daily Worker, September 24. 1937, page 6, article
headed, "Ambassador Dodd To Speak at Protest Rally Against Tokyo
Invasion of China." describing rally to be held on October 1, 1937, at
Madison Square Garden, under auspices of the American League Against
War and Fascism and the American Friends of the Chinese People. In-
cluded among a committee of 38 which sponsored the meeting is listed
Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam 3626
Oxnam Exhibit Xo. 10. — Xew York Times, Saturday, October 2, 1937,
article headed, "Japan Denounced at Rally of 10,000," describing rally
in subject of Oxnam Exhibit Xo. 9, including Bishop G. Bromley
Oxnam as one of the sponsors 3627
Oxnam Exhibit Xo. 11. — American League for Peace and Democracy,
letterhead, dated April 6, 1939, on reverse side of which Bishop G.
Bromley Oxnam is listed as a national sponsor 3638
in
rV EXHIBITS
Page
Oxnam Exhibit No. 12. — The Protestant Digest, June-July 1941, summer
digest, page listing contents, among which is shown Bishop G. Bromley
Oxnam as the writer of an article 3641
Oxnam Exhibit No. 13. — The Protestant, August-September 1942, where-
in G. Bromley Oxnam is listed among the editorial advisers 3642
Oxnam Exhibit No. 14. — Soviet Russia Today, July 1945, page 3, wherein
Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam is listed as a recent contributor opp. 3646
Oxnam Exhibit No. 15. — A Churchman Evaluates the Crimea Confer-
ence, article by Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam, as submitted for publication
in the magazine, Soviet Ru ssia Today 3648
Oxnam Exhibit No. 16. — Soviet Russia Today, April 1945, article by
Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam, entitled, "A Churchman Evaluates Yalta,"
published from manuscript described in Oxnam Exhibit No. 15 Opp. 3649
Oxnam Exhibit No. 17. — National Federation for Constitutional Liber-
ties, press release dated December 26, 1941, regarding an open letter to
the President and the Congress opposing antilabor legislation, and listing
Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam among the signers 3657
Oxnam Exhibit No. 18. — National Federation for Constitutional Liberties,
"A Message to the House of Representatives," sponsored by organization
at the beginning of the 78th Congress (1943), opposing the renewal of the
Dies committee, printed in leaflet form, and included among eight pages
of signers to this message is listed Rev. G. Bromley Oxnam 3659
Oxnam Exhibit No. 19. — Medical Bureau and North American Com-
mittee To Aid Spanish Democracy, letterhead dated July 6, 1938,
listing Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam as a national sponsor of that
organization 3669
Oxnam Exhibit No. 20. — Medical Bureau and Committee To Aid Spanish
Democracy, letterhead dated February 2, 1939, listing Bishop G.
Bromley Oxnam as a sponsor 3670
Oxnam Exhibit No. 21. — American Committee for Spanish Freedom,
letterhead dated January 21, 1946, on reverse side of which Bishop
G. Bromley Oxnam is listed among the sponsors of that organization., 3678
Oxnam Exhibit No. 22. — The Protestant Digest, June-July 1941 (same
issue as exhibit No. 12), editorial entitled "Monsignor Sheen and
Clerical-Fascism," by Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam 3681
Oxnam Exhibit No. 23. — National Committee To Abolish the Poll Tax,
letterhead dated March 8, 1946, on reverse side of which Bishop G. Brom-
ley Oxnam is listed as a sponsor of that organization 3687
Oxnam Exhibit No. 24. — Committee on Militarism in Education, letter-
head dated October 1, 1935, listing Bromley Oxnam as being a member
of the national council of that organization 3691
Oxnam Exhibit No. 25. — An Open Letter to President Roosevelt, dated
April 22, 1943, protesting the deportation of Harry Bridges and asking
that he be granted citizenship, listing Bishop B. Bromley as a signer 3703
Oxnam Exhibit No. 26. — General Amnesty Committee, hand bill adver-
tising a general amnesty mass meeting for all political and class war
prisoners, Wednesday, April 13, 1921, and listing Rev. G. Bromley Ox-
nam as a speaker for the meeting 3721
Oxnam Exhibit No. 27. — Los Angeles Times, June 2, 1923, article headed,
"Bob Schuler Also Quits Mr. Oxnam," containing letter dated June 1,
1923, to Rev. G. Bromley Oxnam, from Bob Schuler 3722
Oxnam Exhibit No. 28. — Los Angeles Times, April 26, 1923, reprint of a
notice of a protest mass meeting against the Criminal Syndicalism Act,
indicating meeting date, February 11, and listing Rev. G. B. Oxnam as
a speaker 3723
Oxnam Exhibit No. 29. — Los Angeles Times, May 19, 1923, article
headed, "Oxnam Working With Sinclair, School Board Candidate To
Preside at 'Protest' on I WW Eehalf " 3723
Oxnam Exhibit No. 30. — American Civil Liberties Union, Southern
California Branch, letterhead dated June 14, 1923, listing Rev. G.
Bromley Oxnam as a member of the local committee 3755
Oxnam Exhibit No. 31. — Methodist Federation for Social Service, letter
dated March 17, 1928, signed by G. Bromley Oxnam, and listing his
office with that organization as executive secretary 3756
EXHIBITS V
Fag*
Oxnam Exhibit No. 32. — Methodist Federation for Social Service, letter
dated April 12, 1946, directed to Members of Congress in protest of
contempt citation for the Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee, signed
by Jack McMichael, executive secretary and listing among the officers
of the MFSS, G. Bromley Oxnam as vice president 3757
Oxnam Exhibit Xo. 32-A. — Summary of Impressions Following Visit to
Russia, Summer 1934, from Diary Record of August 25, 1934, by Bishop
G. Bromley Oxnam 3757
Oxnam Exhibit No. 33. — Methodist Federation for Social Action, 1947
nomination ballot for executive committee, listing Bishop G. Bromley
Oxnam as a candidate for member-at-large 3758
Oxnam Exhibit No. 34. — Methodist Federation for Social Service, letter-
head dated October 24, 1928, listing G. Bromley Oxnam as executive
secretary of the national committee 3764
Oxnam Exhibit No. 35. — Letter of resignation from the office of vice presi-
dent of the Methodist Federation for Social Action, dated June 9, 1947,
to Bishop Lewis O. Hartman from G. Bromlev Oxnam 3765
Oxnam Exhibit No. 36. — The Epworth Herald, March 3, 1934, article
headed, "A Decision Must be Made!" by Winifred L. Chappell, secretary
of the Methodist Federation for Social Service 3766
Oxnam Exhibit No. 37. — Parade-the Sunday picture magazine, June 28,
1953, article, "How To Uncover Communists," by Bishop G. Bromley
Oxnam Opp. 3766
Oxnam Exhibit No. 38. — Board of Missions and Church Extension of the
Methodist Church, letter dated May 29, 1947, which went to Methodist
ministers, enclosing Jerome Davis' book, "Behind Soviet Power," and
signed by G. Bromley Oxnam and R. E. Diffendorfer; reverse side of
letter imprinted with favorable reviews of this book 3774
Oxnam Exhibit No. 38-A — "The Reply the Reader's Digest Refused To
Publish," bv Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam, with added statement by Dr.
Ralph E. Diffendorfer 3776
Oxnam Exhibit No. 39: — Committee on Un-American Activities memo-
randum, Information From the Files of the Committee on Un-American
Activities, United States House of Representatives: Subject — Jerome
Davis, and dated July 15, 1953 3780
Oxnam Exhibit No. 40: — National Council of American-Soviet Friend-
ship, committee on education, bibliography on the Soviet Union for
teachers and students 3788
Oxnam Exhibit No. 41: — Los Angeles Daily News, March 29, 1952,
advertisement of Unitarian Public Forum, Friday, April 4, 1952, with
Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam on the subject, The Clerical Threat to
American Freedom 3795
Oxnam Exhibit No. 42: — American-Russian Institute, booklet, An Amer-
ican Churchman in the Soviet Union, by Rev. Louie D. Newton, with
introduction by Bishop G. Bromlev Oxnam 3797
Index __ 3805
Public Law 601, 79th Congress
The legislation under which the House Committee on Un-American
Activities operates is Public Law 601, 79th Congress [1946], chapter
753, 2d session, which provides :
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States
of America in Congress assembled, * * *
PART 2— RULES OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Rule X
SEC. 121. STANDING COMMITTEES
17. Committee on Un-American Activities, to consist of nine members.
Rule XI
POWERS A»D DUTIES OF COMMITTEES
(q) (1) Committee on Un-American Activities.
(A) Un-American activities.
(2) The Committee on Un-American Activities, as a whole or by subcommittee,
is authorized to make from time to time investigations of (i) the extent, char-
acter, and objects of un-American propaganda activities in the United States,
(ii) the diffusion within the United States of subversive and un-American propa-
ganda that is instigated from foreign countries or of a domestic orign and attacks
the principle of the form of government as guaranteed by our Constitution, and
(iii) all other questions in relation thereto that would aid Congress in any neces-
sary remedial legislation.
The Committee on Un-American Activities shall report to the House (or to the
Clerk of the House if the House is not in session) the results of any such investi-
gation, together with such recommendations as it deems advisable.
For the purpose of any such investigation, the Committee on Un-American
Activities, or any subcommittee thereof, is authorized to sit and act at such times
and places within the United States, whether or not the House is sitting, has
recessed, or has adjourned, to hold such hearings, to require the attendance of
such witnesses and the production of such books, papers, and documents, and to
take such testimony, as it deems necessary. Subpenas may be issued under the
signature of the chairman of the committee or any subcommittee, or by any
member designated by any such chairman, and may be served by any person
designated by any such chairman or member.
RULES ADOPTED BY THE 83D CONGRESS
House Resolution 5, January 3, 1953
Rule X
STANDING COMMITTEES
1. There shall be elected by the House, at the commencement of each Con-
gress, the following standing committees :
*******
(q) Committee on Un-American Activities, to consist of nine members.
VI
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM VII
Rule XI
POWERS AND DUTIES OF COMMITTEES
17. Committee on Un-American Activities.
(a) Un-American Activities.
(b) The Committee on Un-American Activities, as a whole or by subcommittee,
is authorized to make from time to time, investigations of (1) the extent, char-
acter, and objects of un-American propaganda activities in the United States,
(2) the diffusion within the United States of subversive and un-American propa-
ganda that is instigated from foreign countries or of a domestic origin and
attacks the principle of the form of government as guaranteed by our Constitu-
tion, and (3) all other questions in relation thereto that would aid Congress
in any necessary remedial legislation.
The Committee on Un-American Activities shall report to the House (or to the
Clerk of the House if the House is not in session) the results of any such investi-
gation, together with such recommendations as it deems advisable.
For the purpose of any such investigation, the Committee on Un-American
Activities, or any subcommittee thereof, is authorized to sit and act at such times
and places within the United States, whether or not the House is sitting, has
recessed, or has adjourned, to hold such hearings, to require the attendance
of such witnesses and the production of such books, papers, and documents, and
to take such testimony as it deems necessary. Subpenas may be issued under
the signature of the chairman of the committee or any subcommittee, or by any
member designated by such chairman, and may be served by any person desig-
nated by any such chairman or member.
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
TUESDAY, JULY 21, 1953
United States House of Representatives,
Committee on Un-American Activities,
Washington, D. C ,
PUBLIC HEARING
The Committee on Un-American Activities met, pursuant to call, at
2 : 30 p. m,, in the caucus room, 362 Old House Office Building, Hon.
Harold H. Velde (chairman) presiding.
Committee members present: Representatives Harold H. Velde
(chairman), Bernard W. Kearney, Donald L. Jackson, Kit Clardy,
Gordon H. Scherer, Francis E. Walter, Morgan M. Moulder, Clyde
Doyle, and James B. Frazier, Jr.
Staff members present : Robert L. Kunzig, counsel ; Frank S. Tav-
enner, Jr., counsel; Louis J. Russell, chief investigator; Raphael I.
Nixon, director of research; George C. Williams, investigator; and
Mrs. Juliette Joray, acting clerk.
Mr. Velde. The committee will be in order.
Let the record show that present are all nine members of the Com-
mittee on Un-American Activities.
I desire to make an announcement before the following of the usual
course of procedure in this hearing.
Before commencing today's hearing, and in keeping with the rules
of committee procedure, the Chair would like to make a brief state-
ment relative to the purpose of the hearing. This may not be neces-
sary in the present instance, but I feel that committee rules should be
followed in every respect. The committee has as a witness today
Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam of Washington, D. C. Bishop Oxnam is
here at his own request and in keeping with an established policy of
this committee to grant a hearing to any citizen who asserts that he
has been in any way adversely affected by virtue of any action taken
by the committee. This is the fundamental right attached to Amer-
ican citizenship, and the committee welcomes such testimony.
Bishop Oxnam has informed the committee that information in its
files relating to him is in error and that he has been in some way
harmed as a result of public disclosure of such information. To the
end that the facts of the allegations may be determined, the committee
extended an invitation to Bishop Oxnam to appear, which invitation
was accepted. The committee has made a conscientious effort to carry
out in all respects the obligations imposed upon it by the Congress.
These obligations include the charge to investigate subversive activ-
ities, organizations, and propaganda and to report its findings to the
3585
3586 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
Congress together with appropriate recommendations for remedial
legislation.
The hearing today should not be interpreted by anyone as an inves-
tigation initiated by the Congress into the field of religion. It is in-
cidental to this hearing that the witness is a man of the cloth. No
inference should be drawn from this hearing as to the loyalty or disloy-
alty of any member of the clergy. The committee has never insti-
tuted a hearing into any specific establishment of American life,
whether the institution be labor, education, government, or entertain-
ment, but has quite properly restricted its investigations and hearings
to the area of individual representatives of those activities.
The committee will continue to confine its investigations to those
individuals whose activities have brought them under Federal scru-
tiny. A Member of Congress has the individual right of expression
guaranteed him by the Constitution of the United States. "When act-
ing in his individual capacity as a Member, his expressions are subject
only to his own personal convictions. However, the statements of an
individual Member are not the statements of the committee and can-
not be interpreted as such unless the Member identifies his remarks as
representing the committee position or opinion.
For that reason the Chair will not entertain any personalities in
today's hearing, although the witness and several committee members
concerned have engaged in controversy. It is the assumption of the
Chair that the witness will likewise be expressing his own opinions and
not those of any church or political organization. Since the present
House Committee on Un-American Activities was organized at the
commencement of the present session of Congress, it has been the pol-
icy of the committee not to admit open oral statements for the record.
Written statements have been received by the committee on occasion,
some of which have later been admitted into the record. However, in
light of the somewhat unusual circumstances attending this hearing,
and the witness' insistence that he be permitted to make such a state-
ment, an exception to the general rule has been voted by the committee,
and the witness today will be permitted to make an opening statement
not to exceed 15 minutes in duration.
It should be understood that this does not establish a precedent in a
matter of written or oral statements and that the standard procedure
of the committee in this regard will be adhered to in all cases in the
future.
It should be said at this point that Bishop Oxnam and the commit-
tee staff have maintained close liaison in all initial stages leading to
today's hearing. Counsel for the witness has conferred with counsel
for the committee, and every effort has been made to accomodate the
witness in his reasonable requests.
Following the completion of the prepared statement by Bishop Ox-
nam, the committee will proceed in regular order to the customary
interrogation.
The hearing will be concluded today and the Chair requests that
counsel, committee members, and the witness be as brief as possible
during the interrogation.
The committee is concerned only with determining the accuracy of
information in its possession relative to the matters under consid-
eration.
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3587
It is not concerned with factional disputes between various church
groups or personalities. If the information contained in the commit-
tee files is inaccurate or misleading, it should and will be corrected to
reflect the truth or falsity of the data.
I should mention also that the members of the audience are here as
guests of the Congress of the United States. In order to conduct this
hearing in a proper, efficient manner, it is necessary that we maintain
order. So, therefore, no indications of approval or disapproval of
anything any member of the committee says or any witness says will
be tolerated by the committee.
Mr. Counsel, will you please call the witness.
Mr. Ktjnzig. Will Bishop Oxnam please step forward?
Will you please raise your right arm to be sworn, sir?
Mr. Velde. In the testimony you are about to give before this com-
mittee do you solemnly swear that you will tell the truth, the whole
truth, and nothing but the truth, so help you God?
Bishop Oxnam. I do.
Mr. Kuxzig. Will you kindly state vour full name for the record,
sir?
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM, ACCOMPANIED BY
HIS COUNSEL, CHARLES C. PARLIN
Bishop Oxnam. My name is G. Bromley Oxman.
Mr. Kunzig. And your address, please.
Bishop Oxnam. 100 Maryland Avenue NE., Washington, D. C.
Mr. Kunzig. I see that you are accompanied by counsel. Will coun-
sel please state his name and address for the record?
Mr. Parlin. My name is Charles C. Parlin. My address and office
is 20 Exchange Place, New York City. I am a member of the New
York bar.
Mr. Velde. Mr. Counsel, may I interrupt just a moment? It has
been the usual custom of the committee to ask the witness whether or
not he objects to being photographed and being televised and also to
having his picture taken by the newsreels. I believe that you have
already stated that you are willing to have your pictures taken.
Bishop Oxnam. I have no objection, Mr. Chairman. I take it that
the battery of cameras will not remain here through the entire state-
ment.
Mr. Velde. Well, I'll ask the cameramen, in order that we might fol-
low the usual procedure, to take their pictures at the present time and
then desist after the hearing has commenced.
Mr. Kunzig. Mr. Parlin, it is my understanding that you have re-
ceived copies of the rules of procedure of this committee and that you
fully understand the rules and the position of counsel in this congres-
sional hearing. Am I correct, sir ?
Mr. Parlin. I have received the rules, and I think I understand
them.
Mr. Kunzig. I believe at this time, sir, Bishop Oxnam has a pre-
pared written statement to read.
Mr. Velde. Yes, and I would ask the members of the committee to
please not interfere" with the bishop's reading, and wait until after
3588 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
the bishop has finished with his statement to question him, if you
have any questions concerning it.
Bishop Oxnam. Thank you. Mr. Chairman and members of the
committee, I have requested opportunity to appear voluntarily before
this committee, in public session, to secure redress for the damage done
to me by the release of information in the files of this committee. I
deeply appreciate the grant of this privilege. Such releases, made at
various times for a period of nearly 7 years, have contained material,
much* of which is irrelevant and immaterial, some of which is false
and some of which is true, but all prepared in a way capable of creat-
ing the impression that I have been and am sympathetic to com-
munism, and therefore subversive.
These files, so released, have been used by private agencies as evi-
dence of Communist sympathies. A member of this committee appa-
rently drew that conclusion. Speaking on the work of this committee,
upon the floor of the House of Representatives itself, he said :
Bishop Bromley Oxnam has been to the Communist front what Man-O'-War
was to thoroughbred horseracing, and no one except the good bishop pays much
attention to his fulminations these days. Having served God on Sunday and
the Communist front for the balance of the week over such a long period of
time, it is no great wonder that the bishop sees an investigating committee
in every vestry. If reprinting Bishop Oxnam's record of aid and comfort to
the Communist front would serve any useful purpose, I would ask permission to
insert is here, but suffice it to say that the record is available to any Member
who cares to request it from the committee.
If a member of the committee can be so misled by this material,
it is no wonder that uninformed citizens are similarly misled.
When I declare, "I believe in God, the Father, Almighty," I affirm
the theistic faith and strike at the fundamental fallacy of communism,
which is atheism. I thereby reaffirm the basic conviction upon which
this Republic rests, namely, that all men are created by the Eternal
and in His image, beings of infinite worth, members of one family,
brothers. We are endowed by the Creator with certain inalienable
rights. The State does not confer them; it merely confirms them.
They belong to man because he is a son of God. When I say, "I be-
lieve in God," I am also saying that moral law is written into the
nature of things. There are moral absolutes. Marxism, by definition,
rules out moral absolutes. Because I believe the will of God is re-
vealed in the Gospel of Christ, I hold that all historically conditioned
political, economic, social, and ecclesiastical systems must be judged
by the Gospel, not identified with it. This is to say, I reject com-
munism, first, because of its atheism.
When I declare, "I believe in Jesns Christ, His only Son, our Lord,"
I am affirming faith in a spiritual view of life. By so doing, I re-
pudiate the philosophy of materialism upon which communism is
based and thereby undermine it. I reject the theory of social de-
velopment that assumes social institutions and even morality are
determined by the prevailing mode of production. When I accept
the law of love taught by Christ and revealed in His person, I must,
of necessity, oppose to the death a theory that justifies dictatorship
with its annihilation of freedom. I am not an economist, but have
studied sufficiently to be convinced that there are basic fallacies in
Marxian economics. Believing as I do that personality is a supreme
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3589
good and that personality flowers in freedom, I stand for the freeman
in the free society, seeking the truth that frees. I hold that the free-
man must discover concrete measures through which the ideals of re-
ligion may be translated into the realities of world law and order,
economic justice, and racial brotherhood.
As a result of long study and of prayer I am by conviction pledged
to the free way of life and opposed to all forms of totalitarianism,
left or right, and to all tendencies toward such practices at home or
abroad. Consequently, I have been actively opposed to communism
all my life. I have never been a member of the Communist Party.
My opposition to communism is a matter of public record in books,
numerous articles, addresses, and sermons, and in resolutions I have
drafted or sponsored in which powerful religious agencies have been
put on record as opposed to communism. It is evidenced likewise in
a life of service and the sponsorship of measures designed to make the
free society impregnable to Communist attack.
Loyalty to my family, my church, and my country are fundamental
to me ; and when any man or any committee questions that loyalty, I
doubt that I would be worthy of the name American if I took it lying
down.
There are three considerations I desire to lay before this committee :
First, this committee has followed a practice of releasing unverified
and unevaluated material designated as "information" to citizens,
organizations, and Members of Congress. It accepts no responsibility
for the accuracy of the newspaper clippings recorded and so released ;
and insists that the material does not represent an opinion or a con-
clusion of the committee. This material, officially released on official
letterheads and signed by an official clerk, carried no disclaimer, in
my case, and the recipient understandably assumed it did represent a
conclusion. I am here formally to request that this file be cleaned up,
that the committee frankly admit its inaccuracies and misrepresenta-
tions, and that this matter be brought to a close.
It is alleged that the committee has files on a million individuals,,
many of whom are among the most respected, patriotic, and devoted
citizens of this Nation. This is not the proper place to raise questions
as to the propriety of maintaining such vast files at public expense, but
it is the proper place, in my case, to request that the practice of releas-
ing unverified and unevaluated material, for which the committee
accepts no responsibility, cease. It can be shown that these reports
are the result of inexcusable incompetence or of slanted selection — the
result being the same in either case — namely, to question loyalty, to
pillory or to intimidate the individual, to damage reputation, and to
turn attention from the Communist conspirator who pursues his nefar-
ious work in the shadows while a patriotic citizen is disgraced in public.
The preparation and publication of these files puts into the hands of
irresponsible individuals and agencies a wicked tool. It gives rise to-
a new and vicious expression of Ku-Kluxism, in which an innocent per-
son may be beaten by unknown assailants, who are cloaked in anonym-
ity and at times immunity, and whose whips are cleverly constructed
lists of so-called subversive organizations and whose floggings appear
all too often to be sadistic in spirit rather than patriotic in purpose..
3590 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
I had planned at this point to set forth specifications of what I be-
lieve is false. The rules of this committee give me but 15 minutes for
this statement. The specifications cannot be listed in 15 minutes.
Therefore, I must respectfully request the committee members, or its
counsel to question me concerning some of the material released by
the committee, namely:
First, a release dated July 3, 1946, in which it is alleged I sponsored
The [American] League Against War and Fascism, and in which it is
suggested by implication that I would substitute dialectical material-
ism for religious freedom.
Second, a release dated September 4, 1946, in which it is alleged
that I am "referred to as a collectivist bishop," that I presided at a
meeting addressed "by one B. Gebert, president of the Polish section
of the International Workers' Order," that I have been "associated
with several groups in which Langston Hughes has also held mem-
bership."
Third, a release dated September 13, 1950, in which quoting the
Daily Worker as authority, I am alleged to have been invited by the
Government of Yugoslavia to tour that country, in which I am alleged
to have written an article for Stalin for a magazine called Classmate.
Fourth, releases of different dates alleging I have delivered an ad-
dress to the prisoners of the Indiana State Reformatory, February
10,1930.
Fifth, a letter from Mr. Frank S. Tavenner, Jr., dated March 21,
1953, relative to covering letters alleged to accompany releases.
Sixth, a release sent out by the chairman of this committee dated
March 31, 1953.
Seventh, letters from 2 members of this committee, 1 dated March
19, 1953, and the other alleging the committee did not release this
material, dated March 13, 1953. ,
If I may be asked questions concerning these items, I will leave it
to any fair-minded man whether I have been misrepresented. In this
connection I would like to file with the committee a bibliography cov-
ering my personal position relative to communism.
Oxnam Exhibit No. 1-A
Partial Bibliography of Books, Pamphlets, and Addresses by Bishop G.
Bromley Oxnam, With Particular Reference to Communism
1. The Episcopal Address, delivered to the General Conference of the Methodist
Church, Boston, Mass., May 1948 (Methodist Publishing House, pp. 33^16.)
2. How Protestants Fight Communism, Look magazine, October 11, 1949.
3. How to Uncover Communists, Parade magazine, June 28, 1953.
4. On What Basis Can Our Differences With Russia Be Solved? America's
Town Meeting of the Air, September 30, 1947, published by the Town Hall,
Inc.
5. The Protestant Contribution to a Christian Peace. An address delivered at
Reformation Day Service, Cleveland, Ohio. October 27, 1946.
6. Resolution adopted by the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal
Church, Columbus, Ohio, 1936, on Social and Economic Questions.
7. The United Front, a Menace, in syndicated column entitled "Facing Facts,
September 18, 1935.
8. Prayer offered at the American-Soviet Friendship Rally, Madison Square
Garden, New York City, November 16, 1947, appearing in Readers' Scope.
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3591
9. The Christian's Vocation, published by the Woman's Division of Christian
Service of the Board of Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist
Church, 1950, Selections, pp. 37, 38, <m-69, 81, 121-128, 49-51.
10. By This Sign Conquer, A Study in Contemporary Crucifixion and Crusade,
the Merrick Lectures delivered at Ohio Wesleyan University. Abingdon-
Cokesbury Press. 1942. pp. 107, 172, and 17.!.
11. Youth and the New America, published by the Council of Women for Home
Missions and the Missionary Education Movement, New York, 1928, pp. 107,
10S; and 110.
12. The Church and Contemporary Change, the Earl Lectures at the Pacific
School of Religion, Macmillan Co.. 1950, chap. I.
18. The Stimulus of Christ, Fleming- H. Revell. 1948. pp. (..",-67.
14. On This Rock, The William Henry Hoover Lectureship on Christian Unity,
Harper & Bros.. 1951, pp. 44 and 45.
15. The Ethical Ideals of Jesus in a Changing World. Ahingdon-Cokesbury Press,
1941, pp. 12-14, 101, 103-105, 112.
16. Russian Impressions, privately published by Jesse Ray Miller, Los Angeles,
Calif., 1927, pp. 88 and 92.
17. Facing the Future Unafraid. Fleming H. Revell, 1944, pp. 20-22.
18. Preaching in a Revolutionary Age, The Lyman Beecher Lectures on Preach-
ing, at Yale University, Abingdon-Cokesbury Press, 1944, pp. 95, 98, 99,
195, and 196.
19. Labor and Tomorrow's World, the Fondren Lectures at Southern Methodist
University. Abingdon-Cokesbury Press, 1945, pp. 131. 132. 135.
20. Personalities in Social Reform. The Ezra Squier Tipple Lectures at Drew
Theological Seminary. Abingdon-Cokesbury Press. 1950, pp. 7 and 8.
21. Behold Thy Mother. The Macmillan Co.. 1944. pp. 41 and 42.
22. Summary of Impressions Following Visit to Russia. Summer of 1934, from
diary record of August 25, 1934.
Second, when I had the honor of debating this issue with the Hon-
orable Donald L. Jackson, a member of this committee, he said, ''The
committee, in its work, accumulates all pertinent information rela-
tive to any given individual whose name is listed in the files. That
is the only way by which one can determine the philosophical bent of
any given individual."
Can the philosophy of an individual be determined by a scissors-
and-paste process of cutting out clippings that damn \ Why did the
individual who clipped derogatory statetments concerning me fail
to clip such announcements as the following: My appointment by the
Joint Chiefs of Staff to visit the Mediterranean Theater and the Euro-
pean Theater of Operations during the war; or my appointment by
Secretary Forrestal as a member of the Secretary of the Navy's Civil-
ian Advisory Committee; or the announcement that the Navy had
awarded me the highly prized Certificate of Appreciation for services
during the Avar; or that I had been invited to be the guest of Arch-
bishop Damaskinos, then Regent of Greece, and that the King of
Greece had awarded me the Order of the Phoenix ; or that I had repre-
sented the American churches at the enthronement of the Archbishop
of Canterbury; or that I had been appointed by the President as a
member of the President's Commission on Higher Education ; or
that I was chairman of the Commission approved by the President
to study postwar religious conditions in Germany? This might be
called pertinent information. I have held the highest offices it is in
the power of fellow churchmen to confer upon me, such as the presi-
dency of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America.
I am one of the presidents of the World Council of Churches, perhaps
3592 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
the highest honor that can come to a clergyman. I hold positions of
responsibility in the church I love and seek to serve, among them sec-
retary of the Council of Bishops.
We cannot beat down the Communist menace by bearing false wit-
ness against fellow Americans. The Communist wants a divided
America, an America whose citizens are suspicious of each other, an
America without trust, an America open to infiltration. I believe this
committee will wish to end a practice that plays into Communist
hands.
Third, Congress is considering proposals for the reform of investi-
gating committee procedures. It may, at first, seem drastic to propose
that the so-called public files be closed out, but is there any need of
any file other than the investigative files as they have been recently
described ? Could not all the material that is of value in the public
files be included in the investigative files ? If, for purposes of educa-
tion or exposure, the committee decides that public statements must
be made, is there any reason why a careful statement that will stand
scrutiny cannot be made by studying the material in the investigative
files? The committee informs us that it does not vouch for the ac-
curacy of the public files, that everything in those files is available
to the public elsewhere. Why, then, should public money be spent
in maintaining such public files ? Would it not be well for the commit-
tee to appoint a subcommittee to investigate its own files and those
who compiled them, and to secure answers to questions such as the
following : How much duplication is there in the public and investiga-
tive files of this committee and the files of the FBI ? Is the FBI
better equipped to get the facts on real subversives? Why was ap-
pendix IX withdrawn from the public, and why is it under lock and
key in the Library of Congress? Was it because of inexcusable in-
accuracies and vicious slanting of material? How much of it is still
the core of the public files? If there is real misunderstanding, would
it not be well to ascertain who is misinforming whom and why?
I respectfully ask the committee to order that my file be corrected
so as to tell the truth, if that is all that can be done ; that it publicly
announce its mistakes in my case ; but better, that the public files be
closed out, and the releases of unverified material described herein be
discontinued. When Mr. Jackson discovered that he had misunder-
stood the chairman of this committee with reference to an announce-
ment concerning possible investigation of churchmen, he in the manly,
the xVmerican, the Christian way apologized on the floor of the House.
It takes a big man to admit a fault. I respectfully request Mr. Jack-
son to apologize on the floor of the House for his unprecedented and
untrue statements made there concerning me. I will be the first to
shake hands with him and to call the incident closed.
I conclude : I believe the churches have done and are doing far more
to destroy the Communist threat to faith and to freedom than all in-
vestigating committees put together. I think the chairman of this
committee, after a friendly interview, concurred publicly in that
statement when I made it in his presence. This committee might well
have the cooperation of millions of citizens who belong to the churches
if it would cease practices that many of us believe to be un-American
and would turn itself to the real task and the real threat. But those
citizens will never cooperate in practices that jeopardize the rights of
freemen won after a thousand years' struggle for political and re-
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3593
ligious freedom. They will cooperate effectively with agencies every-
where that honestly seek to build the free society, where freemen may
worship God according to the dictates of conscience, and serve their
fellow men in accordance with Christ's law of love.
Mr. Velde. Thank you. Bishop. 1 do regret that you did engage
in personalities with a member of this committee in violation of my
instructions in my opening statement. However, we are in a public
forum here, discussing things frankly, and 1 believe it is the American
way to handle this situation.
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, will you allow me to apologize if
I did? The statement was sent to your counsel before the hearing
and discussed, and I thought that there was no objection since Mr,
Jackson was speaking upon the work of the committee itself. If 1
violated the rules, I am very, very sorry and hasten to apologize.
Mr. Jackson. Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Velde. Mr. Jackson.
Mr. Jackson. May I say that I take no personal exception. While
I do not agree with some of the premises upon which the witness bases
his contentions, I feel that he should be given every opportunity to
speak his mind freely.
Mr. Velde. Thank you, sir.
We do have some additional questions relative to some of the mat-
ters which are in your file and some of the matters which have been
mentioned by you, and we, of course, as representatives of the Ameri-
can people, want to clear these up. I feel the onl}- way for the com-
mittee properly to understand the whole situation and for the record
to be correct is to go into these matters thoroughly in this hearing
today. Therefore, I direct counsel to ask questions and to follow the
normal course of procedure of this committee.
Mr. Counsel, will you please begin your questioning of the witness,
and I will ask that the witness, as nearly as possible, confine the an-
swers to the subject matter of the question.
Mr. Kunzig. Mr. Chairman, the original report prepared by pred-
ecessors to this committee has been put in issue by the witness in the
statement he just delivered. He also made reference to a detailed
reply to that report in which he presented, point by point, his personal
explanations.
Mr. Chairman, I feel that in the interest of fairness and in the
interest of creating a record which will present the full picture of
all viewpoints concerning the matter being heard here today, we
should incorporate into the record both the statement put out by the
predecessors to this committee and the answer which Bishop Oxnam
has caused to be published. Therefore, I request at this time that both
these documents be incorporated in toto into this record, marked
"Oxnam Exhibits Nos. 1 and 2."
Mr. Jackson. One question, Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Velde. Yes.
Mr. Jackson. Do I understand this to be the original report and the
reply of the witness as reported in a local newspaper?
Mr. Kunzig. That is correct, sir.
Mr. Velde. Is that correct, Counsel ?
Mr. Kunzig. That is correct, sir.
Mr. Velde. Without objection the material will be admitted into
the record at this point.
43620—54 2
3594 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
(The statement and reply referred to were marked "Oxnam Ex-
hibits Nos. 1 and 2" and were received in evidence as Oxnam Exhibits
Nos. 1 and 2.)
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 1
Information From the Files of the Committee on Un-American Activities
United States House of Representatives
Subject : G. Bromley Oxnam
Public records, iiles, and publications of this committee reveal the following
information concerning the individual named above:
The Washington Star of February 10. 1930, carries a news item datelined
Indiana State Reformatory, February 9. The article refers to a speech made by
Dr. G. Bromley Oxnam, president of De Pauw University, to the inmates of the
reformatory. Dr. Oxnam is reported as decrying the practice of nations in
entering into secret treaties, and declaring that the slogan of "America First"
must be interpreted as meaning America first in 'world service, and not "to be
the first to go into Mexico to steal oil lands."
A letterhead of the League for the Organization of Progress dated February 2,
1931, reflects the name of G. Bromley Oxnam, president, De Pauw University,
as a member of the board. The League for the Organization of Progress has;
never been cited as a front organization. It was an international organization
founded in Paris in 1912, with headquarters in Bern, Switzerland. The American
office was located at Yellow Springs, Ohio. The league has long been out of
existence.
A letterhead of the National Religion and Labor Foundation, dated 1932,
reflects the name of G. Bromley Oxnam as a member of the national committee.
The National Religion and Labor Foundation, which has not been cited as a
front organization, was founded in 1932 by Francis J. McConnell, Jerome Davis,
and John A. Ryan. The official publication was Economic Justice. The first
issue of Economic Justice (November 1!)32) printed a cartoon of Jesus by Art
Young, New Masses cartoonist. With the cartoon of Jesus appeared these words :
"Reward for Information Leading to Apprehension of Jesus Christ. Wanted —
for Sedition, Criminal Anarchy, Vagrancy, and Conspiring to 'Overthrow the
Established Government.' " The National Religion and Labor Foundation
apparently is still in existence. There is no record in the public files of this
committee show inn' Dr. Oxnam's disaffiliation with that organization.
On January 30, 1933, the Fellowship of Reconciliation released a petition
addressed to the President of the United States urging the recognition of the
Soviet Union. The name of G. Bromley Oxnam. president of De Pauw Uni-
versity, appears as one of the signers.
The Fellowship of Reconciliation, allegedly a strictly pacifist organization, was
organized in 15)1.") and is the American section of the International Fellowship
of Reconciliation. Organized under the alleged motive to reconcile people, it
maintains that class war is necessary and that all must work for the reorganiza-
tion of society, and replace the present system of individual capitalism by
collective ownership. The public records and files of this committee contain no
further reference to any affiliation of Bishop Oxnam with the Fellowship of
Reconciliation.
A letterhead of the Committee on Militarism in Education, dated October 1,
1935, reflects the name of Bromley Oxnam as a member of its national council.
Kirby Page, a member of the national council, testified before the Special
Committee on Un-American Activities on June 15, 1943. He stated that the
Committee on Militarism in Education was opposed to military education in
civilian schools. The following is quoted from a letter of the Committee on
Militarism in Education dated September 22, 1930:
* * * Militarism in education goes on, accumulating power and tradition,
aided by War Department money and resources, * * * by propaganda, glorified
by every device of military romance in literally hundreds of American colleges,
universities, and high schools, building that blind, unreasoning, emotional
response to military symbols which has so often swayed and deceived men in a
crisis. Against this glorification of the military method and machine, the
peace movement has accomplished little as yet. The spearhead of the struggle
against militarism in schools and colleges has been this committee. It has waged
peace with intelligence and courage, showing not only the zeal of the peace advo-
cate but the sound methods of the social scientist. Specializing on this one issue,
it occupies a unique place in current peace endeavors, duplicating no other
agency. * * *
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3595
The Daily Worker of September '24, 1937, page 6, contains an article about
a meeting to be held at Madison Square Garden on October 1. This meeting,
held under the auspices of the American League Against War and Fascism and
the American Friends of the Chinese People, featured William E. Dodd as the
speaker. The name of Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam appears as a sponsor of the
meeting.
Letterheads of the Medical Bureau and North American Committee to Aid
Spanish Democracy dated July 6, 1938, and February 2, 1939, list the name
of Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam as a national sponsor.
A photostatic copy of a letterhead of the American League for Peace and
Democracy dated April 6, 1939, reflects the name of Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam
as a national sponsor. The June-July 1941 issue of the Protestant Digest
reflects the name of G. Bromley Oxnam as an editorial adviser. A Call to the
Congress of American-Soviet Friendship, to be held November 6-8, 1943 reflects
the name of Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam as a sponsor of that congress.
The Daily Worker of October 6, 1S'44 (p. 9), carries a news item concerning
a rally sponsored by the National Council of American-Soviet Friendship, cele-
brating the 27th anniversary of the founding of the Soviet Union and the 11th
anniversary of diplomatic relations between the United States and the Soviet
Union. Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam is listed as one of the sponsors.
A letterhead of the National Council of American-Soviet Friendship dated
March 13, 194(5, reflects the name of Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam as a sponsor.
A letterhead of the Massachusetts Council of American-Soviet Friendship dated
December 15, 1943, reflects the name of Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam as chairman
of the executive board.
The Washington Daily News of April 7. 1947. contains a news item concerning
the National Council of American-Soviet Friendship. In the article, the name of
Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam is listed as one who had withdrawn from the organi-
zation. The date of Bishop Oxnam's withdrawal is not mentioned.
On December 26, 1941, the National Federation for Constitutional Liberties
issued a press release to the effect that an open letter had been addressed to the
President and the Congress of the United States, opposing antilabor legislation
as a dire threat to the unity essential for the defeat of Japan and her axis part-
ners. The name of Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam appears as one of the signers of
the letter.
In January 1943. the National Federation for Constitutional Liberties addressed
a message to the House of Representatives. This message was a plea for the dis-
continuance of the Special Committee on Un-American Activities. One of the
reasons given was : "The Dies committee, by continuing and repeated attacks on
our great ally, the Soviet Union, has utilized its resources to obstruct the coopera-
tion of the United Nations, which is a prerequisite for victory." The name of
Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam appears as one of the signers of the message.
The Citizens Victory Committee for Harry Bridges issued an undated press
release in regard to an open letter addressed to President Roosevelt by more than
300 clergymen throughout the country, urging that the deportation order against
Harry Bridges be set aside. The letter, dated April 22, 1943, and signed by the
Rt. Rev. Edward L. Parsons states, in part, "Clearly, Mr. Bridges has aroused the
animosity of an influential minority because of his successful union activities
and his political and economic beliefs." The name of the Rt. Rev. G. Bromley
Oxnam, Methodist bishop, Boston, Mass., is listed as one who joined with Bishop
Parsons in signing the letter.
The Citizens Victory Committee for Harry Bridges, located at 1775 Broadway,
New York City, was 1 of 4 such organizations created for the defense of Harry
Bridges. The others were : The Citizens Committee for Harry Bridges at 1265
Broadway, New York City : the Harry Bridges Defense Committee of San Fran-
cisco,, with branches in Los Angeles, Seattle and Portland; and the Harry
Bridges Victory Committee of San Francisco.
The Attorney General of the United States has listed the Citizens' Committee
for Harry Bridges as a Communist organization. The same classification applies
to the other three organizations.
A letterhead of the American Civil Liberties Union, dated February 8, 1946,
reflects the name of Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam as a member of its national com-
mittee. A Special Committee To Investigate Communist Activities in the United
States (Fish committee), in a report dated January 17, 1931, said:
The American Civil Liberties Union is closely affiliated with the Communist
movement in the United States, and fully 90 percent of its efforts are on behalf
3596 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
of Communists who have come into conflict with the law. It claims to stand
for free speech, free press, and free assembly ; but it is quite apparent that the-
main function of the ACLU is to attempt to protect the Communists in their
advocacy of force and violence to overthrow the Government, replacing the-
American flag and erecting a Soviet Government in place of the republican form,
of government guaranteed to each State by the Federal Constitution.
In a report dated January 3, 1939, a Special Committee To Investigate Un-
American Activities and Propaganda in the United States (Dies committee) said :
The committee heard testimony with reference to the Civil Liberties Union.
Some witnesses listed this organization as communistic, while other witnesses
denied it was communistic. We received in evidence a number of pamphlets
distributed by the Civil Liberties Union, which speak for themselves. From the
evidence before us. we are not in a position to definitely state whether or not
this organization can properly be classed as a Communist organization.
A letterhead of the American Committee for Spanish Freedom, dated Janu-
ary 21, 1946, reflects the name of Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam as a sponsor.
A letterhead of the Methodist Federation for Social Service dated October 4,
1928, reflects the name of G. Bromley Oxnam as executive secretary, while an-
other letterhead of the same organization dated April 12, 1946, reflects the
name of G. Bromley Oxnam as a member of the executive committee.
The Bureau County Republican of May 18, 1939, carries a front-page story
concerning the Methodist Federation for Social Service. The following appears
in the article :
Five bishops of the new unified Methodist Church in session at Kansas City
last week alined themselves with the radical Methodist Federation for Social
Service which conducted a conference running simultaneously for the Uniting
Conference. Three other bishops, at meetings of the federation, were declared
to be in sympathy with the organization, making 8 bishops favoring their cause
out of a total of more than 40 bishops present at the Uniting Conference. While
the number of bishops endorsing the radical organization was small in propor-
tion to the total number, yet their influence was tremendous over the entire
session. It was so strong that no objection to their activities was expressed
from any quarter. The federation suffered only one defeat and that was when
the Uniting Conference passed a motion to delete a pronouncement in favor of
social economic planning from the discipline of the united church.
The five bishops endorsed the federation's platform for the overthrow of the
present capitalistic system in the United States and favored its replacement with
a social-planning order. The pamphlets of the federation, distributed at the
session, declare that under the new social order private ownership of property
is to come to an end. Under their system there are to be no capitalists. Private
property, according to the pamphlets, is to be taken over without compensation
to the owners and operated by "useful social workers."
Four prominent bishops of the Methodist church attended the dinner of the
Methodist Federation for Social Service held at the YMCA Building. The
bishops occupied seats at the speakers' table and made addresses. A fifth
bishop. Edgar Blake, of the Detroit area, sent word that lie was unable to be
present on account of conference work, but extended his best wishes for the
success of the federation of which he is a member of the executive committee.
The four bishops who made speeches eulogizing the federation are:
Bishop Francis J. McConnell, of the New York City area, president, of
the American Federation for Social Service.
Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam, formerly of the Omaha area, assigned last
week to the Boston area.
Bishop James C. Baker, of the San Francisco area.
Bishop Paul B. Kern, of the Nashville. Tenn.. area.
* * * Bishop Oxnam, who as a student got his training from Dr. Harry F.
Ward, at the Theological Institute, was the first speaker on the program. He-
was introduced by Bishop McConnell as a man who comes out flatfooted on
any principle for which he stands and does it without mincing words. Bishop
McConnell said Bishop Oxnam reminds him of a railroad train which starts
rather idly, but steams up as it goes along and gradually makes high speed at
the climax.
Bishop Oxnam said he thoroughly endorses the Methodist Federation for Social
Service and the things for which it stands. He read from the masthead of
the federation's literature the following statement, which outlines the federa-
tion's purposes :
"The Methodist Federation for Social Service is an organization which rejects
the method of the struggle for profit as the economic base for society : which seeks .
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXXAM 3597
to replace it with social, economic- planning in order to develop a society without
class distinction ;md privily
The economic plan referred to by Bishop Oxnam is further elucidated in the
pamphlet containing the platform of the federation.
On page 11 the pamphlets declare "•Social economic planni _ i give every-
body plenty and security.''
On page 12 : "Under social ownership there won't be any capitalists and all th-
returns will 20 direct to the people."
Pase 1": "The only country that has a corn; - al economic plan is the
ion."
Ou page 13 the plan of the Soviet Union of Russia is again com:. n a
pages ~he pamphlets declare private property will be taken from the
present owners without compensation. The owners, however, are to be given
jobs by the useful social workers and it i< said they ousht to feel grateful to be
permitted to become a part of the planning scheme.
Bishop Oxnam paid a high tribute r the fe -ration and to its secretary. Dr.
Ward, whom he regarded as one of the greatest leaders in the new industrial,
social, economic planning movement. Bishop Oxnam said that as a student he
took dictation from Dr. Ward in the writins of some of his books known to all
radical leaders * * *.
. e Washing! - of November 24. 1 - - ^m date-
lined Newark, N. J„ November 23, regarding a speech made by Bish* G B mley
"he Newark Conference of the M 'march. Bishop Oxnam
is reported to have denounced the Committee on Un-American Activities. He is
quoted as saying:
Protestants believe that the conspirators who would destroy our can
be ferreted out and properly punished better by the painstakins an."
procedures of the Federal Bureau of Investigation than by the heresay and
un-American procedures of this committee.
Bishop Oxnam was evidently referring to a pamphlet issued by the Committee
on Un-American Activities entitled. "100 Things You Sn old Know A nt Com-
munism and Religion." wherein it was 1 that the Meth< list Federation
for Sodal Action, while not an official church unit, is trying to use the presl -
of the Methodist Church to promote the line of the Communist Party.
The Washingt 31 ember 8, 194? - • " - a news item
datelined Buck Hills Falls. Pa.. December 8. in which Bisbor
id that the House Committee on Ur. ties is un-
American itself for attempting to pin the Cornmuni- - :ne churchmen
church groups. Also. Bishop Oxnam is reported as sayinir that such
"absurd charges" are "disguis ."- to silence men on the pulpit by threaten-
ins to call them Communist."
The Daily W I>ecem v er 1. 1947, at page 3. carries a news item regard-
letter made public by the arts, sciences, and profess : the
Progressive Citizens of ins the moti rs for
their "shocking and degrading capitulation to the d - nsible
House Committee on Un-American Activities." The name of Bishop G. Bromley
Oxnam appears as one of the signers of this lett
The \\ York Times of February 24. 1949. pases 1 and 3. contains a news
item regarding the presentation of the annual award of the Churchman to
Bishop Oxnam. It was reported that Bishop Oxnam said that th- U
States must not flirt with Franco to stop Stalin. Bishop Oxnam is quoted as
saying: "We cannot expert the common man to believe our democratic pro-
nouncements if we make deals with dictators, or a
economic, or ecclesiastical reaction."
The Daily Worker of June 22. 1949. carries a news item dat- I -ton.
June 21. to the effect that Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam assailed irressional
witchhunts, and said :
Freemen may well be alarmed at the action of the House un-American Activi-
ties Committee in asking for a list of textbo* - hools an<".
At the very moment calm and critical minds are essential, leaders in the
of fear become hysterical and adopt procedures destructive of democracy. More
time rfven to constructive legislation designed to demonstrate the
of dynamic democracy, and less time to character assassination would produce
greater benefits.
The Washington Evening Star of May 26. 1950, carries a news item date
Boston. May 26. Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam is reported as calling for
n between Protestants and Catholics to meet the onslaug I :
3598 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
Bishop Oxnani addressed a letter to the Committee on Un-American Activities
on May 11, 1950. In it, he stated that he never belonged to the American League
Against War and Fascism. He further stated he thought it would he funda-
mentally unfair to say he belonged to the National Council of American-Soviet
Friendship without saying that affiliation with this organization was during the
war, when Russia was one of our allies.
In another letter dated May 16, 1950, Bishop Oxnarn states that the American
Civil Liberties Union is not, and has never been, a Communist organization :
that the Committee on Militarism in Education was never a Communist organi-
zation ; that the Fellowship of Reconciliation is an absolute pacifist organization
and he never belonged to it; that he did belong to the Methodist Federation for
Social Action but no longer is a member ; that he did serve on the advisory com-
mittee of the Protestant, but resigned.
In the third letter he wrote to the committee, dated February 12, 1951, Bishop
Oxnam stated that he was never a member of the American Friends of the
Chinese People; that he was never a member of the National Federation for
Constitutional Liberties and never signed any statement of that organization ;
that he did authorize the use of his name by the American Friends for Spanish
Freedom, and that he resigned from the National Council of American-Soviet
Friendship following the war.
(See list of cited organizations and publications.)
Organizations and publications mentioned herein which have been — ■
(1) Cited by the Special Committee and/or Congressional Committee on
Un-American Activities ;
(2) Cited by the United States Attorney General :
American Committee for Spanish Freedom (2)
American Friends of the Chinese People (1)
American League Against War and Fascism (1) and (2)
American League for Peace and Democracy (1) and (2)
Citizens Victory Committee for Harry Bridges (1) and (2)
Congress of American-Soviet Friendship (1)
Daiiy Worker (1)
Medical Bureau and North American Committee to Aid Spanish
Democracy (1)
National Council of American-Soviet Friendship (1) and (2)
National Federation for Constitutional Liberties (1) and (2)
New Masses (1) and (2)
Protestant Digest (1)
Mr. Kunzig. Sir, just a few questions, a few routine questions, for
the record.
Would you state where you were born ?
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, sir. I was born in Sonora, Calif., August 14,
1891.
Mr. Kunzig. Thank you.
Now, I should like to turn first to discuss the Council of American-
Soviet Friendship — first the Massachusetts Council of American-
Soviet Friendship, and also the national council.
I have here a document marked "Oxnam Exhibit No. 3" for identifi-
cation which is a letterhead of the Massachusetts Council of the Ameri-
can-Soviet Friendship dated December 15, 1943, and listing the mem-
bers of the executive board of which Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam is
shown as chairman. (See p. 3607.) Were you, sir, chairman of that
group, and if so, when, and would you explain how you came to be
chairman?
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, sir. I was chairman of what I thought was
called the executive committee of the Massachusetts Council of Ameri-
can-Soviet Friendship. I was chairman — I don't seem to be able to
find at the moment the release that
Mr. Kunzig. Take your time, sir. I know you have documents
there.
IttWH'-i f s !l*!l
iff »f|- ! 5.S s '
• * o 5-3 3 5
fSIii: U
fill ' ^,
SS|8!}fH
3-?E=_=3i I B:
s 1 1 ■ | f s ff § r
[fill! I *
^ f
? *
?r,ifiil t*
whiis
l|lliliIllP*l!*3MaM 'lit* ■MS 3, I
it?-.? 9 i»?,>!iiall?lii - J!ial F lslg i °
-fi" -S » 11! I ! H
t!?l 3 if 1 ? 111 if s.| s ^|* 5 -ill | 'l!ll|l| ^
ft ill isSss? Il'sssf iliiff?©
» o r •;>???!::?; I, r ;3;.;:; 5 2 3 3 = 2! n 2
|Bg I . mf'-8 i 3 l 5 s . = -£g|S»fffa|Sg|5e 1 E
■sll I |o 8 _s-B.?-"o-iS ? l| ^luil || 1=111 1 3
l°| ; |F| 3 ,3|?n --!=•- 8« s- 1 si Hall 11 < § **•
5
S-|?3J??3-gc7> ^0
IKHfKHIKHIKIIilinif
l {IK 1 '
il 1
ill
fa
lilfil"*ii$i B i s
5SS o * 8 I 5 S § | 3 1 a -o Ci
Sl B| !!^nliii!
i * l i s . i i j
a * ? R € E £ g S a ^ ~ 1 =? £
|||;f|| f |I|a 5 3|-
||||f.-i-|»Jl lli-sf
I f I ? 8 1. 1 1 1 1 1 1 f 1 1
*"|»i tiff If f 5
b 1 1 - 1 - "liliii
II Ml lillUU
i iff- 5 !! I
'I tfiifi;
3
tfK* B 1i'?i& ;z?zg% IhttlUhl "§ a ll'if? s§s Hill it -: !*»*,d*li-i~? L ill sf!l°S? l-=? lfsizl=siiof ■if 8 ,!!!! fills
la
S 3 • V *,
III fi "I ""If "^ ? °is- » ; |Ifl|ii!f g liS "2 I = E
Slja'oSa .J°S 2 -11° ' ° - " -?a.B f =• 1 5 z S nfi|»l||
l|«3-lf fp^f- g 5 ls|f a IS j«f i >= « **
itilliMh^l
S3il' s f"„«3a
iisrsrllsfs?
sfi-SS-ifiis!
"rlso*? s-S3-- a ---§ "41-1""°! Ial||l.3l=||
S3-' !*s
5 »s?=JsSa*3 ft _js
I I _ ? s = ^ . = O , -^-
S llB. B '«' ? l s ft
"S3S3 j £ s- 3 -^, a.
5.
I-'
^3
i s (
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3599
Bishop Oxnam. That is quite all right. I was chairman of that
group, I should say, from some time in 1942 to the time that I re-
signed from it, I think some time in 1943. I would like to find one
paper here if 3'ou do not mind.
Mr. Kunzig. Go right ahead. We will wait, of course.
Bishop Oxnam. Yes: thank you, sir.
Did you wish me now. sir, having stated the approximate dates
there, to state my relationship to that organization?
Mr. Kunzig. Pardon me, sir, I did not hear that. I was ques-
tioned
Bishop Oxnam. I beg your pardon. Do you wish me now to state
my relationship to that particular organization?
Mr. Kunzig. Yes ; would you please.
Bishop Oxnam. "Would you please note the dates. We were at war.
Russia was one of our allies. I was approached in Boston asking
whether or not I would be interested in a small organization whose
sole purpose would be to deepen friendship between the American and
the Russian peoples. I stated I was interested in deepening such
friendship. I was invited to address certain meetings. One was called
the Salute to our Russian Ally. I think the date of that was Novem-
ber 8, 1942. I did address that meeting.
The other sponsors of that particular meeting — I do not wish to
take too much time because I know this is in the record that has just
been introduced here.
Mr. Kunzig. Yes, it is; I want to make it clear, it is in the record
already.
Bishop Oxnam. Quite. I think for the public we ought to know
that Secretary and Mrs. Cordell Hull, Lord and Lady Halifax, people
of that kind, were likewise sponsors of that meeting. I thought I
was in excellent company. I thought I was doing a patriotic service.
During the time that I served with that group I believe no subversive
act of any kind was committed by any individual related to it, and I
believe no statement was made at any meeting that I know anything
about that in any way would be questioned from the standpoint of
patriotism.
Mr. Kunzig. Bishop, you were also, as I recall, one of the spon-
sors of the National Council of the American-Soviet Friendship as
shown in this document, letterhead of that organization, marked "Ox-
nam Exhibit No. 4" for identification. (See pp. 3608 and 3609.)
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, sir; that is correct.
Mr. Kunzig. In other words, you were not only head of the Mas-
sachusetts council, but you were a sponsor of the national council ?
Bishop Oxnam. During the time I served in Massachusetts, I re-
ceived requests to act as a sponsor of the national organization. I ac-
cepted. I was invited subsequently to become a member of the board
of directors. I did not accept that invitation. I was invited to cer-
tain other service which I did not accept, and subsequently resigned,
not only from the Massachusetts council itself, when I moved to New
York, but also from the national council itself.
Mr. Clardy. Mr. Chairman, may I ask a question ?
Mr. Velde. Mr. Clardy.
Mr. Clardy. I did not get the dates clearly, Witness. Maybe coun-
sel can tell me.
Bishop Oxnam. Yes. I was elected a chairman of the Massachu-
setts Council of American-Soviet Friendship on April 6, 1943. I
3600 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
mentioned 1942 a moment or two ago. I am sorry. I was looking at
the first approach by an individual and had his date in mind.
Mr. Clardy. That caused me to ask the question because I was not-
sure whether I was incorrect or you were. That was the beginning
date, and when was the end ?
Bishop Oxnam. In August 1943, I resigned the chairmanship and
told the group that I would not have accepted the post had I known
it intended to undertake a financial appeal. In December 1945', it says
in this record — I think that date was 1946. I believe this was a typo-
graphical error. I found that my name was being continued as hon-
orary chairman. I was then a resident of New York, having gone
there in 1944. I wrote them pointing that out and requesting that
be discontinued.
Mr. Clardy. You have the letter here ?
Bishop Oxnam. You mean my letter ?
Mr. Clardy. That you wrote to them.
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, sir; I can produce those letters if you wish.
Mr. Clardy. Thank you, you have answered my question.
Mr. Kunzig. You say you resigned because they were undertaking
a financial appeal ?
Bishop Oxnam. Not solely because of that. I stated that if I had
known that this organization was going to involve raising of money
and so on, that I could not have given the time to do it. That was
the point that I had in mind.
Mr. Walter. Bishop, who asked you to join the Massachusetts or-
ganization ?
Bishop Oxnam. I will be glad to read from a record that I have
here, sir.
Mr. Walter. That is in the record, so don't bother. I have not
seen the record.
Bishop Oxnam. I do not think it is in this record.
Mr. Kunzig. Mr. Chairman, I wish to say for the record that
the
Mr. Walter. I would like to have an answer to that question.
Mr. Kunzig. Pardon me, sir.
Bishop Oxnam. On November 19, Prof. Dirk J. Struik, I think his
name is ■
Mr. Clardy. S-t-r-u-i-k ?
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
wrote suggesting that an organization be formed —
To promote Soviet- American friendship both during wartime and in the period
of postwar reconstruction. A better mutual understanding of the two great
peoples is not only necessary for victory but is also a prerequisite for a lasting
peace.
Mr. Walter. Who is Professor Struik?
Bishop Oxnam. He was a professor in the Massachusetts Institute
of Technology ; a professor, I believe, of mathematics. I had never
met him before. When he extended the invitation, I asked my secre-
tary to phone the Massachusetts Institute. They told me that he was
a distinguished professor of mathematics. I believe they said he was
a Dutchman.
Mr. Walter. What has happened to him ?
Bishop Oxnam. I do not know what has happened to him. I believe
he has been indicted, if I recall correctly, in Massachusetts in connec-
tion with some subversive matters.
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3601
Mr. Kearney. Is he indicted, Bishop, in connection with any espi-
onage work ?
Bishop Oxxam. Frankly I do not know. I have had no touch with
him at all, and during the days there I suppose I met him a half dozen
times.
Mr. Walter. The fact oi* the matter is, this professor was a Rus-
sian spy, was he not?
Bishop Oxxam. I do not know that, and frankly do not believe it.
I have seen nothing — I mean, I just don't know anything about it, sir,
except what I have read in the newspapers.
Mr. Kunzig. May I state something for the record. Mr. Walter, at
this point?
Mr. Walter. I don't want to interrupt. Go ahead.
Mr. Kunzig. I should like to state for the record that Dirk J. Struik
has been identified as a Communist Party member by Herbert Phil-
brick, the FBI undercover man, in public hearings before this com-
mittee July 23, 1951 ; by Dr. William T. Martin, a former Communist,
head of the mathematics department at MIT who appeared in public
hearings before this committee April 22, 1953; by Isadore Amdur,
another former Communist, who is a professor at MIT who testified
here April 22, 1953; and finally also by Dr. Norman Levinson, a
former Communist, who appeared before this committee and who is
also a professor at MIT and who appeared here April 23, 1953. They
are official identifications, sir. of Dirk J. Struik.
Bishop Oxxam. That is quite all right, but you are dealing with
my relationship to this organization, it seems to me, and I tried to
answer what my relationship was. and I am of the opinion that that
organization rendered patriotic service at a time when Russia was an
ally. I would have had nothing to do with it whatsoever if I had
thought in any way that it had any other intention.
Mr. Kunzig. Mr. Chairman, also for the record, the National Coun-
cil of American-Soviet Friendship was cited as Communist by Attor-
ney General Tom Clark in letters to the Loyalty Review Board, 1947
and 1918, and by the Special Committee on Un-American Activities in
its report of March 29, 1944, as early as 1944, and by the California
Committee on Un-American Activities in 1948. 1
1 The Xational Council of American-Soviet Friendship was cited as Communist by
Attorney General Tom Clark in letters to the Loyalty Review Board, released December 4.
1947, and September 21, 1948 ; by the Special Committee on Un-American Activities in its
report of March 29, 1944, p. 156 : and by the California Committee on Un-American
Activities, 1948 report, pp. 321, 322, and 327.
The California Committee on Un-American Activities, in its 1948 report, pp. 321 and
322, described the National Council of American-Soviet Friendship as "the successor to the
discredited Communist front, the Friends of the Soviet Union. The military alliance of
the United States with Soviet Russia during World War II made it necessary for American
Communists to discard its old vehicle, the Friends of the Soviet Union, and to replace it
with the new, streamlined National Council of American-Soviet Friendship. A new tech-
nique of Communist propagandization and amalgamation of war unity and American-
Soviet friendship emerged. The program and purposes of the National Council of Ameri-
can-Soviet Friendship is set forth in one of its wartime pamphlets : '* * * To promote
better understanding and strengthen friendly relations between the United States and the
Soviet Union as essential to the winning of the war, and the establishment of worldwide
democracy and enduring peace'."
The National Council of American-Soviet Friendship, through its national chairman,
Corliss Lamont, rejected a request of the House Committee on Un-American Activities to
examine the books and records of the organization. Mr. Lamont and executive director
Richard Morford were subsequently subpenaed early in 1946 with instructions to produce
the books of the organization, and the committee was again refused the records. Both
Mr. Lamont and Mr. Morford were cited for contempt of Congress, but a grand jury indict-
ment was returned only against Mr. Morford because Mr. Lamont had asserted that Mr.
Morford was responsible for the books and files of the national council. Mr. Morford was
convicted in court and sentenced to a 3-month jail term and a $250 fine. Mr. Morford was
still listed as executive director of the organization in the Daily Worker of February 7,
1952, p. 5. William Howard Melish was listed as chairman of the organization on a May
9, 1949, letterhead and in the Daily Worker of January 30, 1952, p. 8 ; Dr. John Adams
Kinpsbury was listed as national chairman of the organization in the Worker of November
17, 1952.
3602 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
Mr. Walter. Bishop, who invited you to join the national organi-
zation?
Bishop Oxnam. The invitation, I think, was a form invitation
signed by Mr. Corliss Lamont; that is my recollection, sir.
Mr. Walter. Corliss Lamont?
Bishop Oxnam. Yes. sir.
Mr. Kunzio. Bishop
Bishop Oxnam. I am just wondering — I realize the impression that
is being created here, Mr. Chairman, by this kind of procedure. I
could read at this moment into the record, if you will allow me, a
statement by Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower to the national council of
this organization dated November 1945, which reads :
American-Soviet friendship is one of the cornerstones
Mr. Velde. Just a minute, Bishop. I think we have been overly
fair in granting you the privilege of making a statement.
Mr. Doyle. Mr. Chairman, I object to that ruling by the chairman.
I think this witness ought to be privileged to read that statement by
the President of the United States.
Mr. Velde. All right.
Bishop Oxnam. This was a message to the national council dated
November 1945, from then Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower :
American-Soviet friendship is one of the cornerstones on which the edifice of
peace should lie built. To achieve this friendship nothing is more important than
mutual understanding on the part of each of the institutions, traditions, and
customs of the other. As an American soldier and lover of peace I wish your
council the utmost success in the worthy work it has undertaken.
Mr. Chairman, my relationship, I trust, was of similar nature and
similar spirit.
Mr. Velde. Certainly you should introduce anything that you want
to, but my request was that you answer the questions that were put
to you by counsel as closely to the subject matter as possible.
Bishop Oxnam. I will try to do so, sir.
Mr. Velde. In connection with the various organizations and so
forth for the orderly decorum and procedure.
Mr. Kearney. Mr. Chairman, do I understand that you are ruling
that the statement just read by the bishop is not going in the record?
Mr. Velde. No, no, certainly not. The statement certainly should
be in the record.
Mr. Clardy. Mr. Chairman, may I address a question?
Mr. Velde. All right.
Mr. Clardy. Bishop, as I understand it, you were asked into the
organization by Professor Struik without knowing anything about his
background or his Communist connections, as I get it?
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Clardy, when he came to see me or wrote this
letter, I had never heard of him. I did the only thing, I think,
that a person would normally do. I did have my secretary phone the
university to find out who he was. The answer w T as the answer I re-
ported a few moments ago. There is sometimes an assumption that
you make many times in these organizations, sir. I suppose we met a
few times. I do not know the man, and if it be he is involved, as has
been suggested here, I regret the association far more than I can
express.
Mr. Clardy. I am sure you do. but the point I am trying to get at
is vou associated with him to some extent at least, but nothing that
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXXAM 3603
he did or said alerted you to the fact that he was a Communist, as
we have since discovered, did it ?
Bishop Oxxam. No, sir; if he had
Mr. Clardy. The reason I am raising that point. Bishop, is this:
You did associate with him for some time, and the fact that he was
engaged in some activities that were contrary to the best interests of
the Nation even to you did not become apparent. I am suggesting
that merely in pointing out that there is something that this commit-
tee has a duty to perform. We discovered it. I am sorry that we did
not discover it before you had that association, because I am sure you
would not have associated with it had you known it.
That is all I have. Mr. Chairman.
Bishop Oxnam. Thank you, sir.
Mr. Velde. Proceed, Mr. Counsel.
Mr. Kuxzig. Sir, I am puzzled here in one respect. You stated
that you were active in this group, in the national council, and in the
Massachusetts council, and you so stated in your reply, published
in a daily newspaper here in Washington. Yet in 1946 in the Knox-
ville Journal, is published a letter which you wrote to a Reverend
Cooper concerning an article in which you had been accused of being a
member of these various organizations, and your answer at that time
was:
As a matter of fact, I never belonged to the organizations mentioned, excepting
the American Civil Liberties Union, and know nothing about most of them.
(See Oxnam Exhibit No. 5, opp. p. 3610.)
I just do not quite understand how you could say that you never
belonged when you were talking in 1946, and in 1953 you say you did.
Bishop Oxxam. I can explain it very easily, Mr. Kunzig.
Mr. Kuxzig. Good.
Bishop Oxxam. I receive from 50 to 100 letters every day. It is
something of a chore to answer them every morning. I have been
plagued through the years by these lists that have come in from
Mrs. [Elizabeth] Dilling, from the Council of Christian Laymen, and
the like, asking, "Do you or do you not belong to this or the other."
This minister, minister of the Methodist Church, wrote me a letter
because I was announced to speak to the Tennessee State Teachers'
Association at Knoxville. Some evangelist there whom I do not know
had protested my coming, and I think had even gone so far as to try
to organize what he called "Keep Oxnam Out of Town"' clubs.
Mr. Clardy. I did not hear that.
Bishop Oxxam. "Keep Oxnam Out of Town" clubs.
Mr. Sctierer. You say that was a Methodist minister?
Bishop Oxxam. No; I say that was an evangelist who did this.
No Methodist minister would do that. sir. I was going there to see
Mr. David Lilienthal, my friend, at the TVA, and this letter came
with a list of them. I dictated an answer, and, I am very sorry, I
made a mistake in that. I said — I think it reads there — that as a
matter of fact, I never belonged. Is that not what the statement is?
I never belonged to any of these organizations except the American
Civil Liberties Union.
Mr. Kuxzig. Yes.
Bishop Oxxam. Now, as a matter of fact, there were 2 or 3 organi-
zations there to which I had belonged. I noted that within a. few days.
3604 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
I wrote that minister and made a correction to read that I do not belong
to any of these organizations except the American Civil Liberties
Union, and that was the way the matter rested. I went there — and you
may have noticed that two-page spread which the editor put in his
paper after I had spoken to the teachers — and if you will note the
reproductions that are there to evidence subversive activities, they
include the Commission on World Peace of the Methodist Church.
He even includes this appendix IX, which I believe the committee
itself has withdrawn, and notes where I am listed in it ; and if you will
note the others there, I have nothing more to say except to say I made
the proper correction to the minister, and I think that should close the
matter.
Mr. Clardy. May I make a remark? Bishop, I can see Congress-
men are not the only ones who make those kinds of mistakes.
Bishop Oxnam. It is an embarrassing thing when one does, Mr.
Clardy, and I am apologizing for it.
Mr. Velde. The Chair recognizes Mr. Jackson.
Mr. Jackson. Bishop, I realize a considerable period of time has
elapsed since your communication with the gentleman at Knoxville.
Do your files contain those letters which might be incorporated
Bishop Oxnam. I wish they did, Mr. Jackson. I have moved, and
when a bishop moves he usually has a very large file to deal with.
If you receive 50 to 100 letters a day, you are dealing with 25,000
letters a year, perhaps, and in 5 years it is an immense file. When I
left Boston I cleared those files, keeping the matters that had to do
with character problems and property and the like. Similarly when
I. left New York. I hoped I had this file. I found that I did not.
I telephoned this minister and I asked him — or rather I had my
secretary telephone him and ask him — if he had these letters. He
said he did have the letters and would send them to me. He sent one
of them. I phoned him again and asked for the other. He tells me
he will try to find the other, and I hope to be able to make it a matter
of record.
Mr. Jackson. If you do receive them, would you be kind enough to
let the committee have them?
Bishop Oxnam. I would be very happy to, sir. 2
Mr. Kunzig. You undoubtedly know that the National Council of
American-Soviet Friendship grew out of Friends of the Soviet Union,
another organization cited by the Attorney General of the United
States of America, and that came originally from Friends of Soviet
Russia, another one of these organizations. Do you recall whether,
as is stated in the Los Angeles Times — I am going back now to Thurs-
day morning, April 26, 1923 — do you recall whether you presided and
spoke August 30, 1922, at a meeting in Blanchard Hall out in Los
Angeles, called by the Friends of Soviet Russia, to raise funds for the
Russian Independent Corp., and so forth, and so on ?
Bishop Oxnam. Would you be good enough to show me your photo-
stat there ?
Mr. Kunzig. Surely. I hand you a document marked "Oxnam
Exhibit No. 6." (See pp. 3612X3617.)
Bishop Oxnam. Yes. sir, I have a copy of that here. I will file with
the committee from this record — which happens to be a bound record
2 See pp. 3610 and 3.611. for letters on this subject which were inserted by Bishop Oxnam,
and were made Oxnam exhibits Nos. 5-A and 5-B.
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3605
of the year 1923, when I was young and was foolish enough to run for
the board of education in the city of Los Angeles — I am wiser now,
and I do not think a minister should do that anyway, but I did not
know better at the time. I ran for the board of education. It was
rather a bitter campaign. I therefore have a complete record. In this
record will be the original clipping from the Los Angeles Times and
a letter written the next day protesting what I thought to be a very
vicious use of my name. I never authorized my name for that meeting.
I did not appear at that meeting. I therefore did not speak at that
meeting. I had nothing whatsoever to do with that meeting, and I
will be glad to show that to the counsel, or if you wish to take the time,
I will find the letter and read it, which was addressed to the Los
Angeles Times the day following. (See Oxnam exhibit No. 6-A,
p. 3618.)
Mr. Velde. Bishop, in order to save time and proceed in a regular
manner, the committee will take — if it is satisfactory with you — your
information under advisement and insert the pertinent parts in the
record.
Bishop Oxnam. I will appreciate it, sir, or I can find it shortly here.
Mr. Clardy. May I inquire one question ?
Mr. Velde. Mr. Clardy.
Mr. Clardy. Did your letter of protest find its way into the [Los
Angeles] Times also, or do you have merely the copy of the letter
itself.
Bishop Oxnam. I have the copy, and I cannot answer your first
question, Mr. Clardy. The Los Angeles Times reprinted, I think, 2
long letters addressed to it during the campaign ; I think 1 because the
Times was of the opinion that what had been stated was libelous, and
it therefore did reprint the letter in its entirety. However, I cannot
answer specifically on this without checking it at the moment.
Mr. Clardy. You could give us an approximate date so we could
run it down in the Library of Congress.
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, I can give you exactly the date, sir; in fact,
Mr. Kunzig has the date on the photostat there.
Mr. Clardy. We have the date of the original. I was thinking of
any possible subsequent date.
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, sir.
Mr. Kunzig. April 26, 1923.
Bishop Oxnam. I think it is 1923 but I may be wrong.
Mr. Kunzig. Your testimony is that you never were there and you
never made any speech to this organization ?
Bishop Oxnam. That is correct, sir.
Mr. Kunzig. That is what we are here for today, to get the record
straight now.
Bishop Oxnam. Of course this has never been released in your files,
in any of the releases that I have seen. This is something new to me
as far as your files are concerned. Why this has been looked up re-
cently, I don't know.
Mr. Velde. Well, Bishop, of course that is exactly what we are try-
ing to do, to straighten out the files so that they conform to the facts of
the particular case and that is the reason we appreciate your answer-
ing some questions and will appreciate your answering them, sticking
as nearly as possible to the questions.
3606 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
Bishop Oxnam. Thank you, sir.
Mr. Doyle. May I ask, as a member of the committee, is this inci-
dent something about which there lias been no release and about which
the Bishop has had no previous information from the committee, or
is it something about which he has had previous information from
the committee ? I would like to know that myself.
Mr. Kunzig. Mr. Chairman, as far as I understand it and as I dis-
cussed it with the Bishop some time ago, we tried to make it clear
again and again and again in relation to the files that there are public
files of the committee and then there are files of the committee with
executive testimony or with confidential material in them which are
not released to the public, all of which files were used by the com-
mittee in any interrogation of any kind of any witness who appears
before this committee.
Mr. Doyle. Well, I realize that, but I do not find it has ever come
to my attention before.
Mr. Kunzig. These files have been available, Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Clardy. Mr. Chairman, may I mention that I have known
about this and probably somewhere along the way the Bishop tossed
a couple of bricks and I am glad to find that you did not.
Mr. Jackson. I am confident that the Bishop has no objection to
answering any question that may be related to the subject-matter to-
day. That is the only way that this matter is going to be resolved. If
information which was not contained in the public files is information
which might in the future cause embarrassment, I think that we are
in agreement, or at least I assume that we should be, on getting it
straightened out at this time.
Bishop Oxnam. Do you wish me to answer that, Mr. Chairman?
Mr. velde. May I ask if you are willing to answer questions re-
garding any of these organizations that you belonged to in the past?
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, I came to get the files as released
corrected, but I am very eager to have anything that anybody can
bring up at any time during my life that anybody thinks is necessary
to be brought out so that that matter can be cleared up once and for
all. It is extremely embarrassing, sir, to have these matters released
and then reprinted by private agencies to the damage of one's repu-
tation. Therefore my answer to you, sir, is, of course.
Mr. Velde. Certainly, and I am sure the committee members are
agreed that they want to thank you for your cooperation in that
regard.
Bishop Oxnam. Thank you.
Mr. Kunzig. Before going on to another point, I offer Oxnam ex-
hibits Nos. 3, 4, 5, and 6 in evidence.
Mr. Velde. The exhibits will be admitted in the record.
(The. documents referred to marked "Oxnam Exhibits Nos. 3, 4, 5,
and 6'' for identification, were received in evidence.) 3
3 Oxnam exhibits Nos. 5-A, 5-B, and 6-A, received from Bishop Oxnam after the hear-
ig, were ordered to be inserted in the record by the committee.
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
3607
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 3
MASSACHUSETTS COUNCIL of
AMERICAN-SOVIET FRIENDSHIP
a mmm «•* «• N*u*n*i e— i •* a — m m u-m »««« an nnm *«. n** v*a oh
mi / 20 Ntjwbuty St., Beaton 16, MuHchuHlti
Prof. Hugh w. Boob, Vto<»»im«. «nmor» mw December 16,
Prof. Dirk J. Strulk, S*c"r-Tr*o*urw */»ww»vw. . •
1945
Prof. H. W. L Dona
Dr. Albart C
M n ay Grant
R*v. Dana McLaon G rill nr
William Horrttan
J cu ph Sol*mo
Jo**ph Suk
Dorothea Cook Cory, Emk.
Lr.IL. Arnold
Mm. Edwin F. Atkln*
Prof. J. A. C Foggrnaer A
Prof. Goorg* O. Blrkhoff*
mm AJic Stan* flack***
Ma. W. L. BovoVi
Prof. Edger S M grnmon
Lowrortc* G. Brook*
Dr. Hugh Cabot
Prof. Walter B. Cannon*
williom H. Cory, Jr.
Pr**. Karl T. Compton*
Mr*. Chori** A. Cool Ida*
R*v. Frederick M Blot*
D*on Lucy Fronklln
Serge Gopoachkln
Dr. Bernord I. Goldberg
Mr*. J. B. Gordon
Prof. Horrlion Horlcy
Williom Harrl*on
Prof. Williom E. Hocking*
Prof. Howard Mumford Jem
Mr*. Fanni* Bowdiich Ken
Dr. S*rg* Kouawvlnky*
Rlchord Lin*l*y
Prof. Klrtley F. Mather*
Prof. F. Molthl*«**n
AI*iond*r Meyendorff
Prof. Gaorg* R Mind"
Alon R. Morw
Mr*. John R. Nlchef*
Julio Swift Ovi»
Prof. Rolph Borton P*rry*
Mn. William Z. Riplrv
Dr. Goorg* Sarton
Rt. R*v. Henry K. Sherrill*
Robe. Jowph S. Shubow
Mr*. Arthur A Shurcllrf
Jowph I. Seitert
Nlchelo* Slanlmeky
Ellhu D. Stan*
Wemn S. Sturgi*
Nlcholot Vokor
Mr*. Andrew N. Window
Dr. Mary E. WooWy*
Dear Sirs and Brothers i
The November 14th meeting held at Symphony lfcll to
our Council was an exciting demonstration of .£••»?££.
for American-Soviet friendship by Massachusetts citisene.
S-vShU greeting to the meeting, Oov. »» t0 »?!»" »*":••
•The paet of Mo. 00. heralds e new era in 1 n* e "»* 1 "£i tll-r
relations. We can say to the Russian people that together
we will go forward to victory and lasting peaoe .
Close, friendly collaboration between the U.S.A. and
the US S.R. Is indispensable in carrying out the «ecl-
Sons of the Moscow Conference. The American labor more-
m en? with its millions of organized workers, can play .
tremendous role in implementing these decisions.
A Ion* list of American labor leaders, headed by
Snel. to which Massachusetts labor eent delegates.
Tn^erih Salerno, of the Massachusetts State CIO was a
f."Sef sJeXer! Among those who sent fleeting, was
Daniel Tobin, national head of the Teamsters Union.
The Trade Union Committee of the «""«*»•«"" ?°, UB "
oil will be glad to furnish speakers for * rle { "P° rt "
to your uniona on the New York Congress Proceeding a, and
information about the work of the trade union committee
of our Council.
•We hope to hear from you.
Tr'Y&UAAMtf
TTaternall^ yuurs,
uopwa/3
3608 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 4
(Part 1)
NATIONAL COUNCIL OF AMERICAN-SOVIST FRIENDSHIP, INC.
114 • e i t 32nd (tract
Chairman
Corlili Umont
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
Richard Mortord
SECRETARY am] TREASURE*
Prof. Hanry Pratt Falrehild
VICE CHAIRMEN
Or. Arthur Up ham Pop.
William Morrii, Jr.
Rav. William Howard Maliih
IOARD OF DIRECTORS
Harland Allan
Zlarto talolovic
Cyril Cath
Thaodor. Sayar
Mary Mclaod Barhun.
Harvay Wilay Corfeatt
John O. Crana
Prof. Dorothy Douqlat
fret Laalia C. Dunn
I. Z. Gddb^o
Thomat L Harria
Raymond C. Inoanafl
M.ilip J. Jaffa
Uon Urol
Samwal B. Laavla
Howard McKanta
6aorga MarahaH
William L McFatrldfa
John Middlatoti
Dr. Emily Plaraoa
Ra». Adam Oaytrn Powa*
Joaaph P. Salty
M. I. Shaman
Harman Shumlln
Dr. Hanry L S-o^wr
Edwin S. Smith
Jaaalca Smith
Dr. Vilhialmur Stafanaua
Crahj Vincant
Hadwa Wall.,
«.w yo,k 16. B . ». a murr4y hill J-2080
•tent. IS, 1946
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
3609
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 4
(Part 2)
SPONSORS OF THE NATIONAL COUNCIL OF AMERICAN-SOVIET FRIENDSHIP. INC.
Irving Abremson
Louis Adamic
George F. Addas
Maiwell Anderson
John Taylor Arms
Dr. Frank AydaloHa
Hon. Jqjeph Clark Baldwin
Euge*e fc. «Wn«H
Ho*. William U 8att
Mai B*dacht
Mn. Alise S. Bal e s ter
William Rose Ben*t
Tha Metropolitan Banjamin
Or. Hanry Lambart Bibby
Prof George 0. Birkhoff
Mn. Lows Bloch
Mrs. Anita Block
Or. Sophoaisba §r»ck*<iridg*
Simon Brainei
Van Wyck Broob
fraf. E. W. Burg**
John P. Burka
Hon. Arthur Capoar
Owjrks Chaplin
Hon. Otcar L Chapman
Or. Rob*rt C. Cfethlar
William F. Cochran
Hon. John M. Coffee
Or. Hanry S. Coffin
Or. Karl Taylor Contptoa.
Aaron Copland
Norman Corwin
Joseph Curraa
Jo Davidson
Hon. Jotaph E. Davia*
Or. H.rbart Jon* Davit
Hugh OaLacv
Dr. Monro* t. Oeuttch
Or. Staph** Daggen
Dr. C. A. Dykjtra
Prof. Albart Einstain
Rav. Frank May Eliot
Mai Epetein
Or. MTIdred FeirchlTd
Or. Robart D. Frnld
Lion Feuchtwanger
Rav. Joijph F. Ratchar
Homar Folks
Wanda Gag
Dr. W. Horjlay Gentt
Dr. Caleb F. Gatas. Jr.
Dr. Thomas S. Gate*
Daan Christian Gauss.
Ben Gold
Dr. Mortimer Grave*
Dr. Harry Grundfast
Vr. AMca Hamilton
Hon. Learnad Hand
Mn. J. Bordan Harriman
Moss Hart
William Hellman
Dr. A. D. Henderson
Mrs. Thomas N- Hepburn
Dr. LatKe Pincknay Hill
Prof. William Emast Hocking
Dr. Walter M. Horton
langsron Hughes
Dr. Walter Hutlihon
Hon. Harold L. Ickes
Hon. Stanley M. Isaacs
Dr. Millard H. Jencks
Prof. Howard Mumford jones
Dr. Lewis -Webstar Jones
Prof. Lours C. Karpinski
Helen Keller
Rockwall Kant
Dorothy Kanyon
Dr. John A. Kingsbury
Serg* Komsevirzky
Hon. Fiorello H. LeGuerdie
Mrs. Thomas W. Lamont
H. Carrmgton Lancaster
WiJIiam W. Lancaster
Dr. Irving Lengmuir
Dr. Emil Lengyel
Prof. Gilbert N. Lewis
John F. Lewis, Jr.
Emil F. Ludwig
Prof. Robert S. Lynd
Clifford T. McAvoy
Judge Lois Mary McBride
Maurice Maeterlinck
Fritz Mahler
Prof. William M. Mattsoff
Or. Thomas Mann
Paul Manshlp
Frank X Mirtel
Raymond Massay
Or. Kirtley F. Mather
Lewis Merrill
Dr. George R. Mirvpt
Mrs. Lucy Sprague Mitchell
Dr. Wesley C. Mitchell
Charles Michael Mirzell
Pierre Monteui
Mme Pierre Monteui
Bishop Arlhur W. Moulton
Hon. James E. Murray
Dr. Philip C. Nash
Or. Robert Hastings Nichols
Eugene O'Neill
lisnop 5'. Aromley OinenT*
Dr. M„i,on Edwards Park
Dr. Frederick Douglas Patterson
Bishop Malcolm E. Peabody
Hon. Claude Pepper
P«-of. Ralph Barton Perry
Dr. E. C. Peters
Dr. John P. Pete's
Henry W. Pope
Michael Quill
Ar.ton Refregier
Elmer Rice
Wallingford Riegger
Paul Robeson
Col. Raymond Robins
Earl Robinson
Reid Robinson
Harold J. Rome
Josoph A. Roton
Joseph A. Salerno
Hon. Leverett Saltonstall
Hon. Sumner Sewall
Miles M. Sherover
R». Rev. Hanry K. Sherrill
Raymond P. Sloan
T>. P. A. Sorokin
Marwell S. Stewart
Canon Anson Phelps Stokes
Leopold Stokowskl
Reymond Gram Swing
Gerard Swope
Genevieve Tabouis
Mills Tan Eyck
Hon. Elba,rt 0. Thomas
R. J. Thomas
Dr. Mai Thorak
S. A Tron*
Rt. Rev. Henry St. Georg* Tuckar
Philip H. Van Gelder
R. E. Van Horn
Mary van Kleeck
Prof. George Vernadsky
8.shop W. J. Wells
Dr. Harry F. Ward
Leroy Waterman
Mai Weber
D'. Henrv N. Wieman
Dr. C. C. Williams
Dr. Charles F. Wishert
Hon. James H. Wolfe
Dr. Mary E. Woolley
0'. Mt< Yergan
Pes" Mary Yost
Or. J F, Zimmerman
0'. J J. Zmrhal
L»ane Zugsmith
Dr. Vladimir Kosma Zworykin
43620 — 54-
3610 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 5-A
Christian Advocate . . .
740 North Ruih Street, Chicago II, Illinois
T. OTTO NALL, Editor
LOVICK PIERCE a»d |. IOCAR WASMAIAUCH PvbMihiiit Af<
CHANT | VEBHULST
Managing Editor
EDWIN H. MAYNARD
N«WI Editor
GABRIEL I HUKKALA
Art Edrfar
August i<>, i;?3
Reverend D. B. Cooper
The Methodist Church
Fries, Virginia
My dear Brother Cooper:
In the aftermath of the Cxnasi I'.enrinp before tl-o :, ouse
Committee on Un-Arerican Activities, the letters which bishop •
Oxnam wrote to you when yoD were in Tennessee have cone into
discussion. I believo that in the testimony i<ir.hop Cxnan said
that he did not lonpjer have copies of these letters.
I an wonierinn .Aether you have such copies, and
particularly the second letter which he wrote to you correcting
a mistake that had been made in 'J e first one. If you have a
copy of this letter I would be plad to have you send it to me.
If ynu do not have a copy I wonder if you recall vhether
the Knoxville paper, I think it was the Sentinel, made the
correction following Pishop Oxnam 's action in supplyinr addi-
tional data to you? Your response in this r.atter will help us
all greatly.
/Very tru]
(/ '" ,
-. Otto Hal), Olitor
T0K:dc
• n,
3 i iipll
-
3 ; 3
C
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3611
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 5-B
August 22. 196*
Rrr. T. Otto Hall, Editor
Cnrifitlsn Advocate
740 North Rush Street
Ode ago 11, Illinois
Dear Bro. Hall i
In reference to your Inquiry of the two letterSBlshep Onta
wrote no In 1946, I do not h»r« thea.
The first letter X found and returned to Bishop Omen, be*
the aooond letter was evidently lost as X eannot find It la ay fllea.
•Why did Bishop Oxnaa write ae then! - The Knorrllle Journal
was attaokin* hla frequently In 1946* Copies of theae lettera I, of
■y own aooord, sent Bishop Cxnaa, that he night know about It*
he, of course, naturally wrote to thank ae, and In the first letter
he aade a stateaont whleh X re*d to the Knorrllle Dlstrlet Vttnl store •
Meeting. Tve Knorrllle Journal ,gtyi a faw hours laser*, pheasd —
requesting this letter for publlelty. X refused to let thea have It,
but allowed thea to quota ae as to the content of letter. Thla they
published the following Sunday, perxiape In October, 1946.
a shop Oxnaa wrote ae a seeond letter, laaedl&tely, on seeing
quotation In Knorrllle Journal froa his first letter, correcting
his flrat letter. X read this to the saaa Knorrllle Dlstrlet Min-
isters' Meeting (Methodist), X do not know whether it wee published
In either Knorrllle Journal or Knorrllle Sentinel* If they asked aa
for It, I would hare given thea the Information, but X wee net seeking
publlelty nor appointed by Bishop Cxnaa to apeak for hla* All Journals
referring to Bishop Oxnaa were sent hla by ae for hla lnferaatien.
Bishop Onwa'i seeond letter of correction aald in effect i
i
Civil
□iiiwp uxnu) • mm
'I do not belong to any of these organ! sat ions except the laorleta
Ilrll Liberties Union,*
Any additional statement should eoac froa Bishop >' xnaa.
We appreciate your defense of hla, whoa we regard as the greatest lead*
in Metitodisa and Protestantlsa today.
Vary alaeerely your*.
D. B, Cooper
Copy to i Bishop lxn*n
3612 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 6
(Los Angeles Times, April 26, 1923.)
"Teachers' Committees" Quiz Board Candidates
RADICAL QUESTIONS AMONG THOSE PROPOUNDED; STENOGRAPHERS TAKE DOWN
ANSWERS
As apart of their campaign to elect their own board of education it was learned
yesterday that leaders of the politically active group of city teachers, representing
less than 10 percent of the teaching staff of the city schools, sent "quizzing conf-
mittees accompanied by stenographers, to interview candidates for the board
of education. Prominent among the questions propounded were interrogatories
designed to bring out the candidate's attitude on radical subjects The replies
Were carefully taken down by stenographers of committee members
Apart from the unprecedented spectacle of teachers seeking to name a board
of education by such methods, several of those interviewed expressed the opinion
that the manner in which the questioning was done violated the spirit, if not
the letter of the law designed to protect candidates from such procedure
Some of the questions propounded in these interviews, while committee mem-
bers waited with ready pencil to note the answer, related to educational matters
Others were purely political and noneducational, as, for instance •
"The Governor's budget."
"Availability of Nation and New Republic to schools, or continued discrimina-
tion against them."
"Presentation of both sides of important public questions in school "
The first question has no application to administration of the citv school
system and relates to a matter with which a member of the Los Angeles Board
of Education has no concern.
RADICAL SUBJECTS
Reference to the "availability" of the Nation and the New Republic, radical
publications barred from the schools because of their editorial policies durin- the
participation by the United States in the world war, was apparently inspired
by refusal by a majority of the board of education several days ago to reinstate
the magazines. Several of the candidates interrogated by the teacher committees
said they had never read either publication and, hence, were not in position to
discuss the matter; whereupon, in at least one instance, the "interviewer"
recommended the magazines.
tnTvi?-ii M ^ quest 1 i 1 on .^presents with even greater emphasis the extreme lengths
to vhich the smal minority of teacher-radicals are prepared to go in their move
to dominate school affairs of Los Angeles ; for, in this instance, "presentation of
both sides of important public questions in school" means nothing more or less
than throwing classrooms open for radical propaganda
Most of the candidates "interviewed" by the committees were seen in their
homes. One of the interrogating committees went so far as to ask the candidate
to sign a document containing answers to the questionnaire which, in addition
to the questions mentioned, contained the following topics:
OTHER TOPICS
Domination of the schools by private interests. G. S Business
Open expressions of opinion by individual board members in open session
Secret sessions, when justified ; frequency
Publicity: Annual reports, bulletins, correction of misstatements in the press
ing uTmachinerr '' FUnCti ° n ° f thG b ° ard ' r ^ ardin § » i means of influenc
Professional employees : Where to find persons to fill vacancies in the highest
Places such as business manager, superintendent, assistant superintendent
psychological experts, etc. Promotion, how determined? AlmTssfon of new
teachers from outside of the city or State. On what terms' 1Si,lon or new
Noneducated employees : How shall wages be determined? Opinion on pa vine
the minimum union labor wage. p 1Jd - mg
Means of securing highest efficiency and economy
Business administration : Relation of board to experts employed
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3613
Means of improving the business administration.
What to be done with the reports of the business experts on business reorgan-
ization (Avery report).
What to be done regarding future bond issues ; in order to render them less
frequent ; in order to give public great confidence that money so raised is properly
spent.
At least one candidate refused to sign anything. He was not indorsed by
the "Teacher-Citizen Better Schools Committee."
An illuminating comment on the unrepresentative nature of this so-called
teachers' movement, virtually proving the contention of disinterested citizens
that at least 90 percent of the teachers are not involved in pernicious political
activities, is made by a bulletin issued ostensibly by the High-School Teachers'
Association, in which the statement appears :
"In its sessions the representatives of the high school principals and the
citizens' group were absent." This admission, while in itself proof that the
great majority of elementary schoolteachers and high intermediate and ele-
mentary principles are holding aloof from this dangerous attempt to have politics
dominate school affairs, does not add that less than one-half of the membership
of the High-School Teachers' Association voted to indorse a school-board
ticket. Neither does it comment on the fact that the association itself comprises
less than half of the total number of teachers employed in the high schools of
the city.
Apparently the entire object was, at the time of quizzing candidates, to leave
the inference that the whole teaching corps was aware of and approved such
tactics. The effort is now being made to convey the impression that the Teacher-
Citizen Better Schools Committee represents not only all of the teachers and
principals, but the citizens' group, which was absent when the program was
arranged.
The seven candidates indorsed by the teacher and absent-citizen group are:
M. C. Bettinger and Mrs. Mary Millspaugh, incumbent candidates, who were
the only members of the present board of education to vote for reinstatement of
the Nation and the New Republic ; the Rev. G. Bromley Oxnam, radical orator,
Miss M. Jessie York. B. L. Clogston, John J. Craig, and William B. Himrod.
This would-be censorship of candidates for a governing body to be selected
by popular vote, a censorship tending inevitably to chaos in public school affairs,
resulted in the formation of a citizens' school committee composed of repre-
sentative men and women — fathers and mothers in all walks of life whose
object is neither teacher domination or domination of teachers, but who desire
proper educational conditions and opportunities for the youth of the community.
A board of education ticket recommended by the citizens' school committee
is seeking election on a platform pledging efficient and forward looking admin-
istration of school affairs, guaranteeing harmonious cooperation with the teach-
ing body and assuring justice and fair play not only for teachers who seek ad-
vancement through self -exploitation, but for the vast majority of teachers whose
fundamental interest embraces the educational advancement of the boy and the
girl intrusted to their care.
The citizens' committee ticket consists of two incumbent members of the board
of education, Irwin J. Muma and Robert J. Odell, and John B. Beman, Elizabeth
Louise (Mrs. George H.) Clark, Lucia (Mrs. Norman) MacBeth, Frederick R.
Feitshans. and Frank O. Bristol.
(Los Angeles Times, April 26, 1923)
Shall Radicals Head Schools?
facts about g. bromley oxnam and associates
his record as supporter of socialistic doctrines
Advocates Repudiation of Liberty Bonds
G. Bromley Oxnam was nominated by Mrs. Mary C. Millspaugh on March 26
last, as a member of the board of education to succeed Elliott Craig, resigned.
Oxnam received for the post the support of Mrs. Millspaugh, M. C. Bettinger, and
Miss M. Jessie York, all members of the board of education and all candidates
3614 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
for reelection on the same so-called teachers' ticket with Oxnam. The others
on this ticket are John J. Craig, B. L. Clogston, and W. B. Hirnrod. Only the
stout opposition of President Seaman, Robert Odell, and Irwin J. Muma, the
other members of the board, prevented Oxnam, the radical, from taking the
vacant seat. Messrs. Odell and Muma are also candidates for reelection on the
citizens' committee ticket with J. B. Beman, Frank Bristol, Elizabeth Clark,
F. R. Feitshans, and Lucia Macbeth. The primaries are next Tuesday, May 1.
In his address at a YMCA meeting a few months ago G. Bromley Oxnam, who
heads the so-called teachers' ticket for board of education, and who is said to
be slated for its chairmanship, if elected, made substantially these statements :
"The working classes of England practically dominate the Government of
England today. They can be expected to be in power any day and one of the
first measures they will rush through Parliament will be a repudiation of all
war bonds ; this because they believe that war profiteers hold most of these
bonds and they will make the rich pay for the war by repudiating them.
"I am afraid that the United States will not do anything so sensible as this
for at least 10 years, but by that time labor will be dominant enough in this
country to bring about that same condition. I look to see American Liberty
bonds repudiated by a workingman's government in this country in about 10
years from now."
Early in February of this year circulars were broadcast through Los Angeles
and vicinity announcing a protest mass meeting against the criminal syndicalism
law under the auspices of the I WW general defense committee. Among the
speakers advertised as urging repeal of the law designed to protect the homes
and property and governmental institutions of California were G. Bromley
Oxnam, J. H. Ryckman, well-known radical and former law partner of Job
Harriman, Socialist attorney, R. W. Hendersin, IWW attorney and member of
the general defense committee and members of the IWW then on trial for viola-
tion of the criminal-syndicalism law.
Mr. Oxnam has been endorsed for the school board by a so-called teachers' and
citizens' committee, which appears to consist of a small minority of radical
high-school teachers engaged in the questionable practice of using school time,
school premises, and school machinery in their campaign to elect tbeir own
board of education.
In various news articles and editorials published by the Times concerning the
issues of the school election next Tuesday, attention has been directed to the
fact that an organized effort to sovietize the schools of this city is being made,
chiefly by persons now outside of the educational system, among them Mr.
Oxnam. He openly advocates "teacher councils" in the school system. What he
says about this and other things appears elsewhere in this issue.
OTHER SPEECHES
Mr. Oxnam presided and spoke August 30, 1922, at a meeting in Blanchard
Hall, called by the Friends of Soviet Russia to raise funds for the Russian in-
dependent corporation, which was outlawed by the corporation commission.
With Mr. Oxnam spoke the national educational director of the Amalgamated
Clothing Workers and a teacher who had been expelled from the public schools
in this vicinity and had joined the Ferrer School (anarchist).
At the Hotel Maryland, Pasadent (sic), February 9, last year, Mr. Oxnam
addressed a meeting of women in which he advocated the women in which he
advocated (sic) radical doctrines.
At a meeting at the City Club in May of last year he delivered an address
in which he advocated the communistic doctrine of electing labor representatives
to Congress along occupational instead of geographical lines.
He delivered a radical address April 22, 1922, at a meeting at the clubroom
of the Severance Club.
In speaking about a year ago before the Woman's City Club he said that if
the Russian Soviets and their aims were rightly understood, the people here
would sympathize rather than condemn.
Mr. Oxnam attended several meetings held in July of 1922 by the Labor Emer-
gency Conference. This organization was composed of representatives of the
Ferrer Modern School (anarchist) Workers' Party, Socialist Party, and Amalga-
mated Clothing Workers of America. Mr. Oxnam shared the rostrum with A.
Plotkin, organizer among the tailors, Walter J. Yarrow, oil-strike organizer,
and Upton Sinclair, Socialist writer. Plotkin was arrested here yesterday on
suspicion of criminal syndicalism.
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3615
Mr. Oxnam's attitude and speeches have from time to time drawn energetic
denunciation from various organizations, one of the most sweeping indictments
of his tactics and methods having been made by Mrs. Frank A. Kelly, first vice
president of the Republican Study Club, in addresses before that organization.
Calling attention to Mr. Oxnam's candidacy for the school board, Mrs. Kelly
vigorously assailed his activities and, particularly referring to the circular
announcing his presence as one of the featured orators at the IWW protest
meeting last February, said :
"This notice needs no comment except to remark that no greater menace to
life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness exists today than the red flag of
anarchy displayed by an organization which is exploited by Rev. Mr. Oxnam,
an organization which includes among its members the IWW and, it is said,
teachers in the public schools of Los Angeles."
Although strenuous efforts are being made to convey the impression to the
public at large that the High School Teachers' Association, which has a mem-
bership of approximately one-half of the total number of high-school teachers
in the city schools, is officially back of Mr. Oxnam and his associated candidates
on the Teacher-Citizen Better Schools Committee, it appears that a minority of
the teachers' organization is responsible for his nomination and endorsement.
The movement to advance Mr. Oxnam to a position of such responsibility in
the educational affairs of the community appears to have begun among members
of the executive committee of the High School Teachers' Association. Under
date of February 12 that committee reported the "advisability" of placing Mr.
Oxnam on the board of education by appointment by the members thereof.
FOR SCHOOL BOARD
His name was formally placed in nomination at a meeting of the board of
education, March 26, by Mrs. Millspaugh. On that occasion he received two
votes. His appointment was opposed by Irwin J. Muma and Robert J. Odell,
candidates for reelection, and by C. E. Seaman, president of the board of educa-
tion. The deadlock among the six members of the school board as to the choice
of a successor to Mr. Craig has never been broken, although the support given
Mr. Oxnam by Mr. Bettinger, Miss York, and Mrs. Millspaugh was strenuously
encouraged by the political minority in the teaching corps.
Members of the High School Teachers' Association were asked to vote on the
proposal to urge the board of education to endorse Mr. Oxnam and it was under-
stood that the names of the teachers voting for him would be kept secret.
Having failed to introduce Mr. Oxnam on the board without a popular vote
of the people, merely to fill a vacancy until the expiration of the 2-year term,
it was decided early in the present campaign to launch him as a candidate. This
was done in the name of the High School Teachers' Association at meetings
to which representatives of the Principals' Club and the public were invited but
did not choose to come. Nevertheless, the campaign literature of the Oxnam
ticket declares it has the support of the Teacher-Citizen Better Schools Com-
mittee. As the history of the matter shows the ticket does not represent any
considerable part of the teaching body of the schools and no element whatsoever
of the citizens as a whole.
OXNAM SAYS HE IS NOT A RADICAL
Verbatim Statement From School Board Candidate in His Own Behalf
In a special-delivery and registered envelope, with return-receipt requested,
the subjoined communication was received last night from G. Bromley Oxnam,
candidate for the school board on the so-called teachers' ticket. It follows
verbatim :
Los Angeles, April 24. — (To the editor of the Times) : Heretofore I have
followed consistently the policy of ignoring false statements relative to me
personally or relative to my point of view. I have done this because I believe
that Christianity makes it incumbent upon one who believes in that religion to
maintain a spirit of good will toward those who attack him. Jesus even asked
us to "love those who despitefully use us." That may sound a trifle sentimental
to you, but it is in fact a working principle with me.
However, there are times when an attack upon an individual involves others.
That is true now. You are attempting to discredit both the character and motive
3616 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
of others in your attempt to make the people of Los Angeles believe false state-
ments relative to me. I therefore ask you in fairness to others to print this letter
and give it the same publicity as far as location in the paper is concerned that
you have given your attack.
First, as to the charges of "radicalism." Allow me to say that Mr. David Bab-
cock, who is the organizing genius back of the "citizens' ticket" which you are
sponsoring, told me personally that he had heard many bad things relative to me.
He said he had asked every person making such statements to put them in writing
so that he might use them. He said not a person would do so and that he had
checked the statements and found not one to have a basis in fact. After hearing
me speak at Trinity Auditorium, he phoned me and said he believed me sincere
and that he thought we were both working for the same end, namely, a better
school system, even though we might disagree in minor matters. I admire his
type of character. He speaks what he believes and knows men may have honest
differences of opinion, but he does not seek to discredit by innuendo and falsehood.
He was suggested in a news item some weeks back that I favor syndicalism.
There is no man in this State more fundamentally opposed to the philosophy of
syndicalism and the tactics of the IWW than I am. I have lectured dozens of
times relative to this situation and have consistently pointed out both the menace
and tragedy involved in the advocacy of force to gain an end. I believe that
love, and not force, is the social bond ; that love is the only real cohesive force
we possess. Consequently, by conviction, I am opposed to the central thought in
IWW tactics. You know this because your reporters have heard me speak
relative to this. Why, then, do you allow such a misrepresentation of my view to
get into the minds of the people? I am of the opinion that you know my posi-
tion. You know I believe in our American institutions and our Constitution. It
is because I believe in them so sincerely that I resent with all the power I possess
the attempt of "special privilege" groups to subordinate our institutions to their
wishes. You know full well the old-time machine control that lived at Sacra-
mento. You know the story of San Francisco graft. You know that it is the
attempt of un-American Americans, masquerading under patriotic names, who
use sacred institutions for selfish purposes that I am attacking. You call it
"radicalism" to blind the people to the real issue. One word more relative to
"radicalism." Do you think for one moment that the Methodist Episcopal Church
would give me positions of trust if I were the person you try to make people be-
lieve I am? Do you think I would have been given the privilege of speaking
before nearly 40,000 high-school students last year if your statements were true?
Do you think the women's clubs, businessmen's organizations, educational insti-
tutes, and the like would have me address them if I were what you suggest? Do
you think the Commercial Board of Los Angeles would, upon motion of Mr. Judah,
have had my address to them published and sent broadcast to chambers of com-
merce in the Southwest if your statements were true? I do not write with any
trace of bitterness. I feel sorry for folk who in the interest of what they want
stoop to misrepresentation.
Second, as to the attitude I bring to the board of education in the event of
election. It is true I stand for a reorganization of the board in general keeping
with the report of Mr. Chester Avery, whom the board employed to draft a plan
for the proper business handling of the school system. You know what is in that
report. You know that that report calls for the board to be organized like the
board of directors in any large business concern, namely, to draft the board, gen-
eral policies and hire competent experts to carry them out. I will guarantee
that any unprejudiced businessman in Los Angeles, after facing the present busi-
ness management of the school system (not because of any particular inefficiency,
but because of antiquated business organization) and after reading Mr. Avery's
report would favor such reorganization. As to the teacher's advisory councils:
Here again you are giving the people a wrong impression. I am as much opposed
to teacher control as I am to church control, labor-union control, or businessmen
control. But I do believe, and I think any businessman who considers it will
believe, that there ought to be some reasonable plan worked out whereby the
teaching experience of our highly trained teaching staff could be constantly avail-
able to the board and the administration as advice in determining policy. That
advice should not be dependent upon the benevolent request of either board or
administration, but should be given as a regular part of the procedure in determ-
ining policy. It is not control. It is but sound business. It simply means that
the board has available the experience of the teachers as advice. Whatever
you may say is the position of the teachers, that is what their position is as they
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3617
have explained it to me. In any case, it is my position and you have no right to
suggest to the people that my position is other than that. I am opposed funda-
mentally to sectional control by any group. There is yet one other matter and
that is the question of public meetings of the board. I have favored and continue
to favor doing public business in the open. I have said that, in the event of
purchasing property where the public interest might be hurt by previous informa-
Ki reaching property holders who might raise prices if they knew the schools
must have the property, I would favor private consideration of the proposition;
also in the case of character charges that had not been proved, I would favor
urivate hearing until the charges were proved or disproved. If proved, then the
community has a right to the fact and the offender should be dismissed.
This is rather a lengthv letter. 1 trust you will print it. I have no feeling
of ill will in this matter. I would have ignored your attacks if others were not in-
volved Your charges of "radicalism" are false. The suggestion of sympathy for
I W W tactics is false and I believe you know it. Your statements relative to
my position in educational matters give the people an entirely wrong impression.
Hasn't the time come in American life when as citizens we can face issues as
sportsmen, play the game like men, state our ideas accurately to the people and
let them decide? Must we forever face the problem of misrepresentation? Let
us have faith in our institutions, let each candidate state his views and have
them correctly reported, then let the people choose whom they wish. That is the
American way, I believe. If you will state your position in one column of your
paper, I am sure the people you attack would be glad to state theirs in a parallel
column and allow the electorate to decide upon the basis of fact.
Very truly yours,
J G. Bromley Oxnam.
3618 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 6-A
CHURCH OF ALL NATIONS
METHODIST EPISCOPAL
G. BROMLEY OXNAM, Pastor
Ofice :: 904 Wright & Callender Building
LosAngeles - - California
April 26, 192J.
To the Editor,
The Los Angel as Tinea,
Los Angeles, California.
k*y dear Sirt
I cannot, of course, aak you to give me spaas to answer
the false statements in your news artlole of today* I oppreolat*
the faet you published" my 1 otter. However, I do request tto
publication of this brief statement of fast.
1* I nwr made any sueh statements at the I. H. 0. A*
I do not look for a labor government ia the United States, sad
never dreamed of repudiation of Liberty Bonds. Ifer doe* British
labor think of repudiating bonds! Tour information earns mo doubt
from Better America Federation reports. They are falsa.
2. Tour ref erenoe to tho Bote! Maryland Itaeheoas is
■oat inappropriate. I did speak before that distinguished
gathering four times. In the audienoe sere many conservative
folk and the response giTsn was evidence in point that your
suggestions are falae.
?• Tour reference to the Vernon's Oily Club is false.
I am distinctly opposed to "the dietatorehip of the proletariat*
and "the materialistic conception of history." What I said waa
that if so knee the suffering of the Russian people we would
hare ayapathy for them.
4. The references made by Mrs. Forak Kelly and reported
by you with reference to exploiting the rod flag of anarchy are
I understand libelous. I trust both of you will sea fit to
correct any suggestion that I am exploiting such ideas.
9. I was not present at the mooting your sears dodger
refers to, and you know it. I stand for a rigorous prosecution
of any person whsthar I. W. V. or in any other group who commits
an overt act, or incitea to riot. I truly wish there wore some
legal way in which a paper could be held responsible for attempt*
to undermine a person's character. It ia something of the bully
attitude one finds when a great paper attacks. Surely, my dear
sir, giving out falae stateaente is pretty elose to the the
syndicalist doctrine of "cabotage", which X repudiate as yew
know, together with ite whole philosophy.
Again thanking you for printing ay letter, and suggesting
it would be both the American and the wiae eouree to take bask
your false statements about me ugring "the repudiating of Liberty
Bonds, I am
Very sincerely yours,
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3619
Mr. Kunzig. I mentioned every one, Mr. Chairman.
(At this point Bishop Oxnam conferred with Mr. Parlin.)
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, in the matter of my last statement,
I have j ust conferred with my counsel. We made request for informa-
tion concerning items that were to be brought up here that were not
in the record so that one could be prepared. It so happens I am pre-
pared on this particular matter. If a matter should be brought up on
which I have not records here, I should like to have the privilege ot
bringing in the matter. .
Mr. Walter. What possible bearing can certain of these matters
have on what we are doing here today ?
Mr. Velde. I think we can answer that question. We are attempt-
ing to straighten out the record for the Bishop at his request and
anything that is favorable or unfavorable or that reflects what we
are doing at the present time in the operation and the organization ot
Congress, and certainly it should be in the record. Is there objection
to placing this material in the record ?
Mr. Moulder. I reserve the right to object to this. The witness has
not identified the exhibit and has not made any comment or identifica-
tion of it. He has not testified as to the exhibits.
Bishop Oxnam. Were you speaking to me ?
Mr. Moulder. I was speaking to counsel and the chairman.
Mr. Frazier. May I inquire whether there is anything in question in
these exhibits ? .
Mr. Velde. Will counsel please explain the exhibits ?
Mr. Kunzig. Mr. Chairman, I feel the exhibits should go into the
record because otherwise the testimony of the witness, the questions and
the answers, will be applying to certain documents which will not be
present. The whole thing is necessary in order to make a full picture
of it. I have already every single answer which the Bishop has made
in toto verbatim already in the record. So I feel it is necessary to have
the entire picture in the record and we are discussing a document which
the Bishop feels is wrong and his testimony will be in relation to
that document. Otherwise, the testimony will be remiss in that respect.
Mr. Moulder. My point is that we should hand the exhibit to the
witness and then question him.
Mr. Velde. I think he has already questioned the witness regarding
these exhibits.
Mr. Kunzig. You are, of course, prefectly free to say anything on
these exhibits. We have discussed them before.
Mr. Velde. Is there objection to the admission of these documents ?
If not, they will be received in evidence as Oxnam exhibits Nos. 3, 4, 5,
and 6.
Mr. Kunzig. I want to turn to the Arts, Sciences, and Professions
Council of the Progressive Citizens of America.* These, as I know
you realize, are all the various groups and citations which have ap-
peared in these files and so we will take them up and discuss them and
get your viewpoints and get the record clear.
4 The California Committee on Un-American Activities cites the Progressive Citizens of
America as a "new and broader Communist front for the entire United States" formed in
September 1946, at the direction of Communist steering committees from the Communist-
dominated National Citizens Political Action Committee and the Independent Citizens
Committee of the Arts, Sciences, and Professions. (See report of 1947, p. 369, and
report of 1948, p. 354.)
362.) TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
Bishop Oxnam. I had hoped that you were going to deal with the
items to which I had referred.
Mr. Kunzig. I have here a document marked Oxnam exhibit No. 7.
Jt is a clipping from the Daily Worker entitled "Leaders in Arts and
Sciences Hit Pix Purge," and also one marked Oxnam exhibit No. 8,
from the San Francisco Chronicle entitled "Victim Firings Censor-
ship PCA Warns." (See Oxnam exhibits Nos. 7 and 8, opp. p. 3624
and p. 3625.) I will pass these over to you to examine. They are
marked for identification.
That was in the mimeographed report which yon filed in answer in
the public press, but you never commented upon that or never answered
that, so we wanted to get that in, to give you that opportunity here
today.
The organization has been cited by the California committee on
un-American activities as a new and broader Communist front for
the United States, formed in September 1946. Five other signers of
that letter are identified as Communists.
Bishop Oxnam. I haven't heard a question. Excuse me.
Mr. Kunzig. The question is were you associated with those groups
in any way, and would you explain it so our records would be clear.
Bishop Oxnam. I have no recollection of any association with that
group whatsoever because you will remember that meeting that was
at the Waldorf and so on. Is that the same organization? I can't
keep track of these. There are so many of them. My recollection is
that I have had no association with this organization at any time.
Mr. Kunzig. No association at any time?
Bishop Oxnam. It isn't quite clear in my mind what he is talking
about. This citation comes from these different committees.
Mr. Frazier. We are unable to determine from counsel's question as
to what organization the Bishop is being charged with being a
member of.
Mr. Velde. Will counsel repeat the question ?
Mr. Kunzig. I will repeat the question. I know the acoustics are
very bad. The organization known as the Arts, Sciences, and Profes-
sions Council of the Progressive Citizens of America.
Mr. Velde. Is the gentleman able to hear ?
Mr. Frazier. Yes.
Bishop Oxnam. What article? Is that article in the Washington
Post?
Mr. Kunzig. I don't think you covered it in the article.
Bishop Oxnam. Then it wasn't in the file.
Mr. Kunzig. Yes ; it is.
Bishop Oxnam. Would you indicate which one? I have most of
them here and I haven't seen that. In any case, I have no recollection
of being associated with that organization and I remember an organi-
zation, it seems to me, of a similar name that held some conference in
the Waldorf-Astoria. I knew that that was Communist-related and
had nothing to do with it whatsoever.
Mr. Jackson. May I ask a question, Mr. Chairman ?
Mr. Velde. Yes.
Mr. Jackson. I am not quite clear in what the association was
alleged to have been. What was the nature of it ? Was it a meeting?
Was it a forum, or just exactly what was it?
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3621
Mr Kunzig. Mi-. Jackson, it was a letter signed by a group of people
sponsored by this organization, and one of the signers of the letter
included, as it says here, "Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam." It appears
in that context.
Mr. Jackson. What was the date i m
Mr Kunzig. The date of the quotation of it is December 1, 1»4/.
Mr. Jackson. As I understand, Bishop, you have no recollection
° Bishop Oxnam. I have no recollection at all and if the Chair will
not think me violating the rules, it is precisely this which troubles
me This kind of thing gets into these files and without having been
verified or checked, it goes out. I have no recollection of any associa-
tion with that whatever. , . . i tt 1, iu
Mr. Frazier. I suggest the counsel submit it to the Bishop ana leu
him see it.
Mr. Kunzig. He already has it.
Mr Velde In the files that we have are reports which are already
public information. Any citizen can find them. Your name was
mentioned in a newspaper article, which is public information, and
what we wanted to know is whether or not the newspaper article is
correct in listing you as a sponsor of this group.
Bishop Oxnam. The only way I can answer is that this is a quotation
from the Daily Worker. Personally, I do not think the Daily Worker
is good authority for anything. But however that may be here is a
clipping from a Boston paper dated July 17, 1943, a meeting that I was
alleged to have attended. Actually, I was not there at all. I was
listed as being there because my name was related to a committee. It
«o happens it is the late Secretary Tobin welcoming two representatives
who visited from Russia during the war. Whether I happened to
have been there or not, the date is important. I was not. But I am
listed as though I were there and it seems to me that the date, the
purpose there— these are all pertinent, but when these are released in
blanket form this way, an individual can, and frankly I think you
know he has been damaged because people think you are associated
with the organizations that you may or may not have been associated
with. m , , ,
Mr. Velde. Of course, a lot of us feel that we are, by our names
being listed in the Daily Worker, damaged. A lot of us have been so
damaged. I think we all recognize the Daily Worker is a Communist
organ, but what we are trying to do is to clear the record and find out
whether the things that the Communist organ says are true, and I want
to repeat to you again the Daily Worker is a public newspaper and is
available to anyone who asks for it.
Mr. Jackson. Mr. Chairman, was this reported by another news-
paper? Did you have two documents there or simply the one from
the Daily Worker ? Was the San Francisco Chronicle another one ?
Mr. Kunzig. The San Francisco Chronicle also carried the story, sir.
Mr. Clardy. At the same date ?
Mr. Kunzig. December 2, under a dateline of Washington,
December 1.
In any case, I think the Bishop has made clear his position in this.
I would like to go to the American League Against War and Fascism
and the American Friends of the Chinese People. Now, the Daily
3622 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
Worker of September 24, 1937, contains an article about a meeting to be
held at Madison Square Garden and this meeting was held under the
auspices of the American League Against War and Fascism and the
American Friends of the Chinese People. 5 (See p. 3626 for Oxnam
exhibit No. 9.) It lists Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam as a sponsor of the
meeting. I believe your reply to that was that you never sponsored
any such meeting ; is that correct ?
Bishop Oxnam. That is correct. The American League Against
War and Fascism was one of the organizations started about the time
they were talking about a United Front. I knew what the United
Front was. In a syndicated article that went all over the Middle
West, I wrote concerning the United Front in 1935. I had no as-
sociation with the American League Against War and Fascism and
never belonged to it and naturally would not sponsor it. It is true
I did know Ambassador Dodd. I had called upon him at the time
of the Hitler blood purge of June 30 and July 1, 1934. I would have
been happy to have been present at any meeting that Ambassador
Dodd addressed, but I did not — and I am saying this as definitely
as I can — give my name as a sponsor to any such meeting as far as
1 recall.
Mr. Kunzig. Do you have any explanation or can you assist us
by giving your viewpoint as to how your name would get into this
5 The American League Against War and Fascism was cited as Communist by Attorney
General Tom Clark in letters to the Loyalty Review Board released December 4, 1947, and
September 21, 1948 ; by Attorney General Francis Biddle, in re Harry Bridges, May 28,
1942, p. 10, and according to the Congressional Pa-cord of September 24, 1942, p. 76S3 ; by
the Special Committee on Un-American Activities in reports of March 29, 1944, p. 53,
January 3, 1939, pp. 69 and 121, January 3, 1940, p. 10, and June 25, 1942, p. 14; by the
California Committee on Un-American Activities in its 1943 Report, p. 91 ; by the
Massachusetts House Committee on Un-American Activities, Report. 1938, pp. 298 and 460;
the Rapp-Coudert Committee, Report, 1942. p. 293 ; and the New York City Council com-
mittee investigating the municipal civil service commission.
The American League Against War and Fascism was described by former Attorney
General Francis Biddle, in a memorandum reprinted in the Congressional Record of
September 24, 1942, p. 7683, as "the first of three organizations established in the United
States in an effort to create public sentiment on behalf of a foreign policy adapted to the
interests of the Soviet Union. Its successor, the American League for Peace and
Democracy, was established in 1937 and it, in turn, gave way in 1940 to the American
Pence Mobilization. * * * The American League Against War and Fascis-m was formally
organized at the first United States Congress Against War and Fascism, held in New York
City, September 29 to October 1, 1933. The manifesto of this congress called attention to
the 'black cloud of imperialist war' hanging over the world, and pointed to the National
Recovery Administration, the Civilian Conservation Corps, and the other policies of the
Roosevelt administration as indications of America's preparedness for war and fascism.
Only in the Soviet Union, the manifesto continued, has the basic cause of war — monopolistic
capitalism — been removed * * * Earl Browder, general secretary and leader of the
Communist Party, United States of America, called the league a transmission belt of the
Communist Party."
The American Friends of the Chinese People was cited as a Communist front by the
Special Committee on Un-American Activities, in its report of March 29, 1944, pp. 40 and
147, and by the California Committee on Un-American Activities, 1948 report, pp. 142-145.
The California Committee on Un-American Activities, in its 1948 report, pp. 142 and 143,
describes the American Friends of the Chinese People as having been organized "to support
the Chinese Communist thrust against the National Chinese Government. * * * The
Friends of the Chinese People was launched January 4, 1933. * * * In January 1934 the
magazine China Today made its first appearance. The word 'American' was added to the
organization's name in 1935 as part of the general streamlining process during the Popular
Front period. J. W. Phillips, Hansu Chan, and Frederick Spencer were coeditors of
China Today. * * *"
While the committee's source concerning this statement was the Daily Worker, it has
been determined that the New York Times, October 2, 1937, p. 8, contained an account of
a mass meeting held in Madison Square Garden on the previous evening. The account
states in part :
"The meeting was called by the American League Against War and Fascism and the
American Friends of the Chinese People. It was sponsored by 47 labor, civic, and religious
leaders, among them Bishop William Newman Ainsworth, Bishop Francis J. McConnell, and
Bishop G. Gromley Oxnam. Nearly 10,000 attended."
"The Reverend Doctor Harry F. Ward, professor of Christian ethics at Union Theologi-
cal Seminary, presided. He is national chairman of the American League Against War
and Fascism."
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3623
sort of thing and how your name would be listed in the Daily Worker
as one of the sponsors?
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, sir; I think I can. I can do it in two cases
if the committee will allow me. Personally, I do not think too highly
of the California Committee on Un-American Activities and hesitate
to quote it, but on page 284 of the report of the Tenney committee of
1953, it states as follows :
Communist-front organizations not only masquerade behind a respectable
facade, endeavoring in all cases to conceal the real control and objectives of the
organizations by claiming to have some humanitarian purpose, but they have
also made use of the names of loyal individuals without authority. From time
to time the committee has received letters of protest from persons who have
been listed as officers of various front orgnaizations and who, in fact, have no
connection whatever with these movements, their names having been used with-
out authority and for the deliberate purpose of using non-Communist individuals
as window dressing to divert suspicion. In such cases the committee is always
eager and willing to do everything in its power to correct this despicable practice.
That is one explanation. If the committee wishes, I will be able to
show what happened in connection with one of those Spanish organi-
zations where, belonging to one organization that had to do with an
attempt to send medical relief to Spain during the days of the revolu-
tion, later on they put my name as a sponsor of an organization, some-
thing about Spanish action.
Mr. Kunzig. Supposing we leave that for a moment and we are
coming to that.
Bishop Oxnam. I will be glad to, but you asked how this happened.
I don't know how it happens but I simply say this is pertinent.
Mr. Kunzig. You mentioned a letter of protest in reading that
statement. Do you recall whether you sent a letter of protest in that
instance ?
Bishop Oxnam. I don't recall having seen the announcement, sir.
I do not read the Daily Worker. Excuse me, I did not mean to be
facetious.
Mr. Kunzig. That is perfectly all right. This was printed in the
New York Times, which I think is a little different from the Daily
Worker.
Bishop Oxnam. I do read the New York Times.
Mr. Kunzig. The Daily Worker is marked as "Oxnam Exhibit
No. 9," and the New York Times is marked as "Oxnam Exhibit No.
10." (See pp. 3626 and 3627.)
Mr. Cla.rdy. I would like to ask counsel what he was developing?
I am not sure what the incident is. What were the two papers quoted ?
Mr. Kunzig. The incident, Mr. Clardy, was an alleged meeting held
under the auspices of the American League Against War and Fascism
and the American Friends of the Chinese People, which featured Wil-
liam E. Dodd as the speaker, and the name of Bishop G. Bromley
Oxnam as a sponsor of the meeting, which appeared as a sponsor of
the meeting in the Daily Worker, and the bishop's answer was that the
Daily Worker should not be regarded as competent testimony.
Mr. Velde. And counsel read the pertinent part.
Mr. Kunzig. The New York Times, dated October 2, 1937, goes on
to say that the meeting was called by the American League Against
War and Fascism and the American Friends of the Chinese People.
It was sponsored by 47 labor, civic, and religious leaders, among them
3624 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
Bishop William Newman Ainsworth, Bishop Francis J. McConnell,
and Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam.
I think the bishop has made his position clear. He said he did not
attend and was not present.
Mr. Jackson. Mr. Chairman, I think I take issue with the statement
that the bishop made relative to the California Committee on Un-
American Activities. I don't know whether the bishop meant com-
mittees past or present. However, the members of the committee as
presently constituted are duly elected legislators of the State of Cali-
fornia, and I am sure that he did not mean to stigmatize all the mem-
bers in any way. I feel that I must mention that.
Mr. Kunzig. I should like to offer in evidence Oxnam exhibits Nos.
7, 8, 9, and 10, which we have been discussing, which are the documents
that the testimony has related to, Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Velde. Without objection, they will be received.
(Oxnam exhibits Nos. 7, 8, 9, and 10 heretofore referred to and
identified were received in evidence.)
Mr. Kunzig. Now, one of the points that I want to bring up is the
American League for Peace and Democracy, 6 a photostatic copy of a
letter on the letterhead of the American League for Peace and Democ-
racv, dated April 6, 1939, which reflects vour name as a national spon-
sor.* (See Oxnam exhibit No. 11, pp. 3638-3640.)
Your answer, I believe, was that you were never a member, never
a national sponsor and never had anything to do with the organization.
Bishop Oxnam. That is right, I think I stated in the Post, and
that is correct. Isn't that the organization that was the successor to
the [American] League Against War and Fascism ?
Mr. Kunzig. Yes.
Bishop Oxnam. I think that was the organization after the pact
with Germany, was it not, when they began to change front ?
a The American League for Peace and Democracy was cited as Communist by Attorney
General Tom Clark in letters to the Loyalty Review Board released June 1,*1948, and
September 21, 194S : by Attorney General Francis Biddle in a memorandum printed in the
Congressional Record of September 24, 1942. pp. 7683 and 7684: by the Special Committee
on Un-American Activities in reports of January 3. 1939. pp. 69-71, January 3. 1940. p. 10,
January 3. 1941. p. 21. June 25. 1942. pp. 14-16, January 2, 1943, p. 8. 'and March 29,
1944. p. 37 : by the California Committee on Un-Amerifan Activities. 1943 report, p. 91 ;
the Massachusetts House Committee on Un-American Activities. 1938 report, pp. 77 and
213 : by the Rapp-Coudert committee, 1942 report, p. 220 ; the Special Subcommittee of the
House Committee on Appropriations, report of April 21, 1943, p. 3 ; the New York City
Council committee investigating the Municipal Civil Service Commission ; the Pennsylvania
Commonwealth counsel before the reviewing board of the Philadelphia County Board of
Assistance, January 1942.
Attorney General Francis Biddle, in his memorandum in the Congressional Record of
September 24, 1942, pp. 76S3-7684. stated that."* * * the American League Against War
and Fascism at Its fourth congress In 1937 became the American League for Peace and
Democracy. It has been reported that the reason for the change in name may be found
in the fact that the original organization had become widely identified in the popular mind
as a Communist-controlled group. The program of the new league reflected the change in
tactics. References to the Soviet Union were omitted. The first items in the program re-
ferred to the rights of labor and caHed for the defeat of legislation attempting to compel
incorporation of trade unions or the inspection of union finances. Guaranties to Negro
people and the foreign born and the demand for an antllynching law followed. * * * In all
of these policies the league was following the Communist Party line. The American League
was composed of national and local organizations. The highest governing body was nomi-
nally the national congress operating through the national committee. * * * The national
committee, in turn, was controlled by the executive hoard on which were several Commu-
nists. Funds were collected from members and affiliates, and J. B. Matthews, former head
of the American League Against War and Fascism, wrote that when the league could not
secure sufficient funds in this way it would first call on someone 'ike Corliss Lamont. the
Communist 'angel,' and in the most extreme cases would call upon Earl Browder. * * »
The American League for Peace and Democracy * * * was designed to conceal Communist
control, in accordance with the new tactics of the Communist International. The adoption
of a new name and the broadening of the proaram to include measures and policies calcu-
lated to enlist a wider support in no way lessened the Communist control and direction of
the league."
nWI h'yi'I 'IT NO.
.,i. M..n,i.. n,-,„l». I, »i7 p ltt J
Leaders In
Arts, Sciences
Hit Pix Purge
Sixty-five leader* in the u
■ ti ru'L'd i hi; motion picture producers for their
"shocking and degrading capitulation to the discredited and
1
■
■
■
■
■
■ ■
PUnf Ftolpt)
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
3625
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 8
Sm3ftwm$to
V. y v ^^Ttu City's Only Home-Owned Np
CCCCAAB
The City's Oniy Homi-Owned Newspaper
TUESDAY. DEC. 2. 1947
Felm Firsngs
'Censorship/
PCA Warns
WASHINGTON, Dec. 1 <UP> —
Sixty-five members of the Progres-
sive Citizens of America said today
the film industry's dismissal of 10
Hollywood figures who were cited
for contempt in the congressional
Communism hearings "opened the
door to Government censorship of
all communication media."
The House cited the 10 affer they
refused to answer the question put
to them by the House un-American
Activities Committee: Are you now
or have you ever been a Com-
munist?
"The decision of the Motion Pic-
ture Association of America to purge
and blacklist those writers, directors
and producers who deny the Un-
American Committee's right to in-
quire into the political opinions of
private citizens, is a submission to
Government censorship and dicta-
tion," the 65 said In an open letter
to the Industry.
"We charge that the motion pic-
ture Industry. In its frightened haste
to fire the 10 writers and directors
cited, sets a pattern of purge and
blacklist violating our. fundamental
concepts of freedom and justice,"
the open letter said.
Signers of the letter Included
Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam, William
Kose Benet. Deems Taylor, Paul
Robeson, Dorothy Parker, Louis
Adamic and Jo Davidson.
PACE 21
43620 — 54
3626
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 9
(Daily Worker, September 24, 1937, p. 6)
m
Rally Against Tok
Dodd to Speak at Protest
Invasion of China
Garden Meeting to Be
Held Friday, Oct. 1 —
Expect 20,000
WKii.m S. Dodd. U. S. Ambll-
sador to Germany, will speak on
"The" Preservation of Democracy"
Friday. Oct. 1 in Madison Square
Garden, under the auspices of the.
American League Agetnst.^Wer and
Fascism and the American Friends
of the Chinese People.
Alore'than 30,000 are 1 expected Id
attend the meeting, which has been
called to protest Japan's Invasion of
China and to demand the invoca-
tion of the Kellogg Pact and tha
Nine-Power Treaty against the In-
vaders.
Other speakers will Include Chao-
Tslng Chi. Chinese delegate to last
year's conference of the Institute
of Pacific Relations; Rabbi Stephen
8. Wife. Free Synagogue; and the
Rev. Dr. Dr. D. WlUard Lyon,
former national secretory of the
Y.M.C.A. in Chin*. Dr. Lyon, until
his retirement last year, was Amer-
ica's foremost missionary In China,
and his father was ths first Amer-
ican missionary In that country
JAFA NRSl SPEAKER
SCHEDULED
A Japanese will also speak. He
will represent those of his people
who oppose their nation's mili-
taristic policy of aggression. A
Korean, member of a nation once
Independent but now a colony of
Japan, will describe what Japanese
oppression has meant to his people,
and what It will probably mean to
China if Japan wins her unde-
clared war.
A young Chinese girl, eyewitness
Of the recent bombardment of
Shanghai, will tell how Japanese
warships from the harbor and Jap-
anese warplanes from above pounded
WILLIAM E. DODD
the Chinese quarters of the city to
debris and made of them a ceme-
tery. The girl is now on her way
from Shanghai to 8an Francisco,
and she will fly to New York for the
meeting.
Dr. Harry P. Ward, professor of
Christian Ethics at the Union Theo-
logical Seminary and national
chairman of the American League
Against War and Fascism, will pre-
side.
The meeting will open with a
recital of the songs of old China and
the new China by a Chinese male
chorus of 100 voices. The chorus
will be composed of members of the
Chinese Musical Society. It will be
led by Kit Kat Charwood, president
of the organization.
RELIGIOUS SPONSORS
A committee of 38, including three
bishops of the Methodist Episcopal
Church, is sponsoring the meeting.
Miss Margaret E. Forsyth, of the
religious education department of
Japanese, Korean and
Chinese to Speak at
Big Meeting
Teachers' College. Co' nbia Cnlver*
sitv. is chairman.
Cther members are Bishop Fran-
cis J. McConnell. Ne* York; Blsnoo
G. Bromley Oxnam. Omaha, Neb.;
Bishop William Newman Ainsworth,
M. E. Church. South: Prof. Rein-
hold NIebuhr. Union Theological
Seminary; Maricn Cuthbext, na*
tional board. V. W. C. A.:
ert Searle. Ne w York Federals
CTlurTnes; the Rev. Dr. William B.
Spofford. Church League for Indus-
trial Democracy ; Dr. Ralph E. Dif-
fendorfer. Methodist Board of Fbr-
rlgn Missions; Paul Kern, Municipal
Civil Service Commission, and Leo-
pold Oodowsky. nottd pianist.
Also. Prof. Daniel J. Fleming,
Union Theological Seminary; Dr.
Charles J. Hendley. vice-president,
American Federation of Teachers;
Sarah Lyon, executive secretary,
foreign division, Y. W. C. A.; Helen
Hail. Henry Street Settlement; Mrs.
Bessie Boyce Cotton. Y. W. C. A,
and Dale De Witt, Unitarian min-
ister.
Also. Dr. Leslie Moss. erf(»or,
Christian World Faith; Philip J.
Jafe<\ managing editor. Amerasla;
Rabbi Stephen S. Wise; the Rev.
Dr. William Llovd Imes. St. James
Presbyterian Church: the Rev. Dr.
A. Clayton Powell. Jr . Abyssinian
Baptist Church; Mrs. E. P. Roberts,
national beard. Y W. C. A.; A
Philip Randolph, president, National
Brotherhood of Railway Porters:
Mrs. Donald Ogden Stewart, and
William Hinckley, chairman, Amer-
ican Youth Coniress.
Also. Rev. John P. Davis, Ref.
Roy H. Wilkins. Rev. James H.
Hubert. Rev. Shelton Hale Bishop.
Rev. Lorenzo H. King, Rev. ffimer
Carter, Dr. Charles A. Pettlonl, Dr.
P. M. Savory. Katherlne Tarrlll.
executive secretary. Congregational
Church Action Committee: Roger
Baldwin. American Civil Liberties
Union, and Dr. Harrv F. Watd>
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3627
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 10
THE NEW YORK TIMES, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 2, 1937.
IjAPAN DENOUNCED
47 Labor, Religious and Civic
Leaders Join in Meeting at
Madison Square Garden
NATIONAL BOYCOTT URGED
I Chinese Consul Genarei Deplore*
United States Arms Embargo
Againct His Country
The Japanese military Invasion o
China wso denounced !ast night £
ft mas* meeting in Madison Square]
Garden. Support In this country ofj
the Chines* cause wu urged and a,
naUon-wtde boycott of Japanese
goods was advocated.
The meeUng was called by the
A merican League Againat War and
| Fascism ejid the American Friends
' of the Chinos* Faople- *t f*» »P on
i sored by forty-»**«» labor, civic and
I religious I**d*r», among them
Bishop William Nawmaa Alnswortb
' BUhop Francis J. McConnell and
i Ri.hnn O. Bromley Oxnarn . Nearly
"iO.lJOO attendee^
, Dr. Tsune-chi Yu, Consul General
of the Chinese Republic, represent-
1 lng his Government, expressed its
I appreciation of the efforts made in
the United States in behalf of
CMM.
He cited Chtentf Kai-ebek's report
of a shortag* of trained surgeons
and. medical supplies to alleviate
siltterlng among ths vltUms of
Jaoaness troops and warpianea. He
alao declared that the Chinese are
bewildered by the application of the
arms embargo imposed by the
United State* government, saying
"this blow ha* been more severe
than any from our enemy. This
blow ha* deprived us of that moral
support which has been so necee-l
scry to us. It has weakened our
power to resist the enslavement
which threaten* us. It has given
moral and physical encouragement
to those who would destroy us."
\ Ths Rev. Dr. Wlllard Lyon.
. former naUonal secretary of the
Y.M.C.A. in China, declared Japan
, wu net justified in using- measures
cf aggression and armed conquest.
Joseph Curran, general organiser.
National Maritime Union, skid the
lav&slon of China by Japan was an
open violation of the Kellogg Peace
Pact and ths Nine Power treaty.
Rabbi Stephen 8. Wise of the
Free Synagogue asserted the people
In this country are* proud to be
friends of ths Chinese. He charac-
terised the Invasion of China by the
Japanese as "flagrant."
The Rev. Dr. Harry F. Ward,
Professor of Christian Ethics at
Union Theological Seminary, pre-
sided. He is national chairman of
the American League Against War
and Fascism
r
3628 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
Mr. Kunzig. Let me pass this over to you. Do you have any expla-
nation as to how your name appeal's on the letterhead as a national
sponsor ?
Bishop Oxnam. I have no explanation whatsoever other than the
one I gave you. I did not sponsor any of those united front organi-
zations. I was fundamentally opposed to it. I did not believe that
you could cooperate with the Communists for any worthy end.
Mr. Clardy. May I ask a question, Mr. Chairman ?
Mr. Velde. Yes.
Mr. Clardy. Isn't it possible, Bishop, that one of the associations
indicated earlier to which you belonged and which had the same
sponsors and because of that fact they may have used your name with-
out any notification whatever?
Bishop Oxnam. Well, I have no knowledge of that, Mr. Clardy, but
it seems to me that kind of thing was done in these organizations be-
cause it is evident they would do it if they wished to do it. There is
no morality there to begin with, and in the next place I read to you
from the committee record which indicated that they had had this
kind of problem certainly in California.
Mr. Clardy. Let me tell you something that prompted my question.
We have had a lot of sworn testimony to the effect that many good
people have been placed on what they call a "sucker list" and that they
use those names either by notification or otherwise and it has just
occurred to me in view of your statement that your name got on one
of those "sucker lists." I will ask you if you do not agree that that
is a tenable theory ?
Bishop Oxnam. It seems to me that might well be so when dealing
with people who have no morality that they will do anything that
tends to their ends.
Mr. Clardy. I am glad you agree with me that they are the most
godless people on the face of the globe.
Mr. Velde. When did you first know that your name was used as a
sponsor of this organization ?
Bishop Oxnam. I think when I saw it in one of the releases of this
committee, but it would be difficult for me to recall it. I am sorry.
Mr. Velde. We did think that you would be interested in knowing
that your name was used as a sponsor and if it had not been brought out
yon wouldn't know that your name was used as a sponsor.
Bishop Oxnam. It is almost impossible to keep up with those organ-
izations. I think your committee lists hundreds, if I recall correctly,
and I did not know about it, I am sorry, sir.
Mr. Kunzig. Now I offer into evidence this document about which
we are speaking, which is marked "Oxnam Exhibit No. 11," which is
this letterhead of the American League for Peace and Democracy,
and I think this has been cited by one of the committees and contains
a large list of leading Communists, such as Paul Robeson, Dorothy
Parker, and others who were active in it. And recently it was listed
in the files of the House Committee on Un-American Activities.
Mr. Doyle. May I ask this, we cannot hear very well on account of
the acoustics in the room, but is this the letter dated April 6, 1939 ?
Mr. Kunzig. Yes, sir.
Mr. Doyle. On the back page of which are listed as many as 150
sponsors ?
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3629
Mr. Kunztg. That is correct, sir.
Mr. Doyle, [s that the letter you refer to?
Mr. Kunztg. Yes. sir.
Mr. Doyle. Thank you.
Mr. Kunzig. I would like to turn to the Protestant Digest. In the
Protestant Digest 7 your name has appeared in the June-July 1941
issue representing you as a member of the editorial advisers. If I am
correct, your answer to that was that you were invited to serve on the
editorial board of the Protestant Digest in March of 1940, but 2 years
later, in February of 1942, you submitted your resignation. Is that
correct? (See Oxnam exhibits Nos. 12 and 13, pp. 3641-3644.)
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, sir; that is correct.
Mr. Kunzig. 1 believe I am reading directly from your own answer
that was published.
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, sir.
Mr. Kunzig. Did you kow at the time you were active in it or
when you were an editorial adviser, that the Protestant Digest was a
pamphlet which was in many ways subversive? Did you know that
Louis Budenz. a former Communist, later testified in public hearings
of the House Committee on Un-American Activities on November 22,
1946, pages 31 and 32 of the transcript, as follows :
I learned toward my latter days in the Communist Party from material I
read in the New Times, which is now the name of the Communist International)
magazine, that the Communists everywhere plan to wage war on the Catholic
Church as the base for obliterating all religion. Also, this policy was developed
in an article to which I shall call your attention setting forth the ideas that
I learned, namely, of the program to arouse the Protestants arainst the Catholics
in this country as a means of causing confusion in the United States.
I have enough confidence in the American Protestant to know that it is not
going to succeed, but I have to point to this because it is in black and white in
an official article. I knew about this before I left and pointed to it very
temperately in my statement as I left. This matter was presented to me in a
T The Protestant Digest was cited by the Special Committee on Un-American Activities
in its report of March 29. 1944, p. 48. as "a magazine which has faithfully propagated the
Communist Party line under the guise of being a religious journal." The California Com-
mittee on Un-American Activities, in its 1948 report, pp. 93, 225, and 320, cited the
Protestant Digest as a "Communist publication" later known as the Protestant.
The June-July 1941 issue of Protestant Digest, above referred to, was published by
Protestant Digest, Inc., with offices at 521 Fifth Avenue, New York City, under General
Manager Kenneth Leslie. The August-September 1942 issue of the Protestant (Digest
dropped from name) listed the publisher as Protestant Digest, Inc., with offices at 521
Piftli Avenue. New York City, and listed Kenneth Leslie again as general manager. The
January 1949 (p. 1) issue of the Protestant lists the publisher as Protestant Digest, Inc.,
with offices at 128 Manhattan Avenue, New York City, and Kenneth Leslie as editor and
managing director.
In an editorial comment on p. 5 in the April-May 1947 issue of the Protestant, Kenneth
Leslie defines the purpose of the publication as follows : "It is the purpose, the mission
of the Protestant to build bridges between communism and Christendom, while being per-
fectly aware that there are both Communists and Christians who do not wish to build
bridges * * *." Leslie continues ;•'*** communism is a child of Christendom, Jewish
and Christian values are the seeds of communism. * * * So also communism is a long
suppressed and betrayed element in Christian and Jewish church life."
Louis F. Budenz, former Communist, testified as follows in public hearings of the
House Committee on Un-American Activities on November 22. 1946 (p 32) :
"* * * I learned, toward my latter days in the Communist Party, from material I read
in the New Times, which is now the name of the Communist International magazine, that
the Communists everywhere plan to wage war on the Catholic Church as the base for
obliterating all religion. Also, this policy was developed in an article to which I shall call
your attention setting forth the ideas that I learned, namely, of the program to arouse the
Protestants against the Catholics in this country as a means of causing confusion in the
United States. I have enough confidence in the American Protestants to know that that
is not going to succeed, but I have to point to this because it is in black and white in an
official article. I knew about this before I left, and pointed to it very temporately in my
statement as I left. This matter was presented to me in a conference by the comrade who
worked up the material for this article for the political committee. He advised me the
aim was to extend the work of the Protestant magazine. That is a magazine whose name
is Protestant, but which is engaged largely in being anti-Catholic and the responsible
Jewish organizations have recently condemned it, as you may know."
3630 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
conference by the comrade who worked up the material for this article for the
political committee. He advised me the aim was to extend the work of the
Protestant magazine. That is the magazine whose name is Protestant but which
is engaged largely in being anti-Catholic and the responsible Jewish organiza-
tions have recently condemned it, as you may know.
That is the statement by Louis Budenz, testifying; before this com-
mittee, as I stated, on November 22, 1946. The Protestant Digest
was cited by this committee in 1944 as a magazine which has faithfully
propagated the Communist Party line under the guise of being a
religious journal.
Bishop Oxnam. Would you like me now to answer the question you
have raised ?
Mr. Kunzig. Yes; if you please.
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, I would very much appreciate the
privilege of answering this question once and for all. I realize you are
pressed for time.
Mr. Clardy. May I ask a question at this point ?
Mr. Velde. Yes.
Mr. Clardy. Bishop Oxnam, this had troubled me as much if not
more than all the others that are in the files because only- recently we
have had testimony and I presided in the taking of that testimony
that will be released as soon as it can be printed, which demonstrates
clearly that that magazine was published as the result of a Communist
directive and plot, that it was nefariously started through cleverly
using some good people and I wanted you to know that because in
your answer and explanation I wish you would cover thoroughly your
connection with it. It is most difficult for me to believe that you
had any knowledge of that and since that testimony has not been made
public I thought I should tell you about it in advance.
Bishop Oxnam. I am very grateful to you, Mr. Clardy.
Mr. Velde. If I may interrupt, Bishop, we have had another roll-
call and the committee will stand in recess for 20 minutes.
Bishop Oxnam. Will you allow me to answer this fully when we
come back?
Mr. Velde. Certainly.
(Whereupon a short recess was taken.)
Mr. Velde. The committee will come to order. Proceed, Mr.
Kunzig.
Mr. Kunzig. Bishop Oxnam, I would like to ask you now
Mr. Velde. I would suggest that you read the last question or let
the reporter read it and the Chair and committee would appreciate
it very much, Bishop, if you would limit your answer to the subject
material as nearly as possible.
Mr. Kunzig. I think I can make it easier by stating a specific ques-
tion. Were you an editorial adviser of the Protestant?
Bishop Oxnam. I was an editorial adviser of the Protestant. This
matter, however, is of such importance that I requested the Chair to
answer it properly and Mr. Clardy's statement brought in informa-
tion that was, of course, new to me, and because of the importance
of this, Mr. Chairman, there are three matters that I would like to
stress in connection with the direct answer to the question.
First, you will please note that my relation to the Protestant Digest
and to all the other organizations and I say all — there were 2 or 3 that
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3631
have been named — my relationship was prior to the time that they
were declared subversive and I had resigned from these 2 or 3 organi-
zations prior to that time. I want that in the record.
Mr. Scherer. Mr. Chairman, may I ask a question at this point?
Mr. Velde. Yes.
Mr. Scherer. Bishop, weren't they declared subversive because of
the activities they engaged in during the time that you were connected
with them?
Bishop Oxnam. I am not familiar with when these organizations
were declared subversive, nor do I know that they have ever been
heard by any committee or by the Attorney General. But to the major
matter, Mr. Chairman, first regarding the Protestant Digest and then
the second and I reply to that because it was brought into the question
by your counsel in his reference to Mr. Louis Budenz. The Protestant
Digest was a magazine that I had seen upon the stands from time to
time. There is a Catholic Digest, an excellent digest of Catholic
magazine articles. I thought there was a proper place for a similar
magazine among Protestants.
When I received an invitation from the editor whose name was
Kenneth Leslie, a man whom I did not know and I think I have never
met but more than once or twice in my life, he invited me to go on the
editorial board. He sent me a letter and the names upon the editorial
board were upon that letter.
There were the names of Rev. Dr. George A. Buttrick, president of
the Federal Council of Churches, one of the distinguished ministers
of this Nation ; Dr. William Ernest Hocking, who was a professor at
Harvard University ; Dr. Ruf us M. Jones of the American Friends
Service, one of the outstanding Quakers of this Nation ; Rev. Dr. Rein-
hold Niebur of the Union Theological Seminary, who is I suppose
the outstanding theologian in the United States today. I need not
read the entire list, but there was also Dr. Russell Conwell Barbour,
the editor of the National Baptist, one of the leaders of the Baptist
Church.
Now that letterhead also carried this statement —
The Protestant Digest wakens those of us who happen to be Protestants to a
realization of our responsibilities and interests in the world.
That was signed by Eleanor Roosevelt. I asked Mr. Leslie in a
letter that I wrote to him just what editorial advice meant : Would it
mean board meetings regularly ? What would we be called upon to do ?
He replied that it would be as much or as little as we would want.
I went into this and I have forgotten when it was, 1940, was it— yes,
in March of 1940.
On February 11, 1942, 1 wrote this letter to Mr. Kenneth Leslie:
I find that the Protestant is engaged in numerous activities related to national
policy, legislation and the like, and that statements go forth from the magazine
to the public, quite apart from the magazine itself. Many gain the impression
that such statements have the approval of your editorial advisers. Several years
ago, I decided not to serve in bodies unless I could give sufficient time to the
formulation of policy to justify my name as a board member or adviser. So far,
there have been no meetings of the group associated with the Protestant, and the
material that appears is never considered by this group. I think I must ask
you to accept my resignation and to drop my name from the list of editorial
advisers.
3632 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
I resigned. But, why did I do that?
Mr. Velde. What was the date?
Bishop Oxnam. February 11, 1942.
Mr. Velde. How long were you an editorial adviser ?
Bishop Oxnam. I have stated that I was an editorial adviser from
I believe March 1940 to February 1942. Please remember this was
a monthly magazine, that for a time was published only once in 2
months. Now, why did I resign? Because Mr. Eoger Baldwin of
the American Civil Liberties Union one day came to me and said,
"Bishop, I wonder if you know who is really back of the Protestant
Digest."
I said, "What do you mean?"
He said, "I would look into it very carefully. I think that maga-
zine has Communist support."
Mr. Eoger Baldwin is a man who knew that whole field intimately.
I resigned because of what he told me, after having looked into the
matter.
Interestingly enough, one of the most influential churchmen, Edwin
Holt Hughes, who was formerly Bishop here in Washington, was an
adviser. I called him and told him immediately upon receiving this
information from Mr. Baldwin that he ought to get his name off
that list. That is my relationship to the magazine.
Mr. Frazier. Did I understand you to say that you did resign as
editor of this magazine prior to the time it had been declared a Com-
munist-front organization?
Bishop Oxnam. I was never an editor. I was on the board called
the advisory board. The board never met, as a matter of fact. One
ought not to be related to any board that does not meet, but I was on
that board. I did resign in 1942. I think the Attorney General's list
came out, if I recall correctly, in December 1947.
Mr. Kunzig. I might add that the lists are retroactive.
Bishop Oxnam. I have heard that but I have never been able to
understand how a list can become retroactive in the sense of saying
that an organization was subversive 20 vears ago because somebody
found it subversive 20 years later. I do not understand that, but that
is apart from this and I realize that.
Mr. Chairman, the second matter, which is the important matter,
was the anti-Catholicism of this magazine. I want to make this
statement here for the record. Personally, I abhor religious division.
In an hour when faith is under attack around the worlcl, there ought
not to be religious division. I have been one who has been working
for the reunion of the Christians of the world. It so happens that
upon one or two issues I have had to take a stand and some have
interpreted that as anti-Catholicism. I want the same liberties for
every Roman Catholic that I want for every Protestant. I want the
same liberties for the Roman Catholic Church that I want for the
Protestant Church. We worship the same God. We adore the same
Christ. We are inspired by the same Holy Spirit.
Reference was made to this matter and I want to say that there is no
anti-Catholicism in my spirit whatsoever. There ought not to be
religious division and I think this may clear this matter, at least for
the record. Please remember Mr. Louis Budenz was quoted in this
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
3633
matter This comes from an address, an Episcopal address I made
totl e general council of the Methodist Church in 1948 and which was
signed by every Bishop of the Methodist Council of Bishops.
^Here is what I said, in part :
Protestant churches must continue the present brotherly a^-^^Wng aj;
onpration with the Eastern Orthodox churches until such time as Protestantism
?s Self reunited They mav then consider union with Eastern Orthodoxy
Sh h \t s prayerfully hoped may be consummated When ^ tbe full unum o
Protestantism and of Eastern Orthodoxy is accomplished and the Chi istans
all Christians may belong.
I don't want anything in this record that would suggest anti-
?SK tnTonly Protestant, I think, who has ever had the
DrivK of signing a statement with Cardinal O'Connell which we
SroriSTout tolethH and was signed in Boston^tkrew^
Semitism there and Jewish boys were being beaten in the streets
ThafhSpens to be my spirit and when Mr. Budenz refers to that
item I would like to refer to this item. ,
Mr Velde. In my opening statement I mentioned of course that
thfeYs not to be construed by anyone as an investigation of religion
or of religious freedoms in this country. I regret very much that you
hroiio-htthesubiectof anticatholicism up at all.
Bifhop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, it was brought up by your coun-
86 MfvELDE 6 : As you know, 8 out of 9 members of this committee
are Protestants. We do not investigate, we do not have , anything -to
do with matters of religion whatsoever. W ^ ^^ d w ^ p
nrotection of our constitutional freedoms. The right to woisiup
SodTs a ri-ht of every person and I do say that bringing the mat-
ter of catlmlicism or any other faith as represented m this country
i«j out of order in this particular hearing. ,
Bishop Oxnam. I do not mean to be out of order, but your counsel
rnfsed that Question and I want to make it clear that there is no
aXatho^m t my spirit, and what I am saying is precisely
W M^ ViSL 8 Our g counsel raises the issue of subversive activities,
citin" the Protestant as a pro-Communist organization
Bishop Oxnam. Didn't he use the term "anticatholicism ? I think
^Mr^KuNziG. It was in an article by Louis Budenz, Mr. Chairman.
I would like to hand you a document marked— -
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, Did I make myself clear?
wcmldn^hire brought that in. Didn't he raise that issue?
Mr Ktjnzig. We will go right on with the subject.
]^^lZln^UlHt^t there be order in the room?
Mr. Velde. Yes. . ,, . . , 9
Mr Ct ardt Mav I ask a question apropos at this pomt «
Mr KuNzm! You stated, ^shop Oxnam, that you left this organ-
ization in February 1942. Can you explain why your name is listed
I
3634 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
as an editorial adviser in August-September 1942, as is shown on
this Oxnam exhibit No. 13 ?
Bishop Oxnam. Exhibit No. 13, the list on the masthead of the
-Protestant ?
Mr. Kunzig- Yes.
Bishop Oxnam. No, I don't think it is necessary to explain it I
have the letter here and my recollection of the date of it. Whether
my name appeared later has nothing to do with me, sir. When did it
cease appearing, do you know?
Mr. Kunzig. It appeared a long time after this. We are talking
about the period of 1942. Did you make any public effort to speak
against this magazine as a Communist magazine ?
Bishop Oxnam. Just a moment, it was no Communist magazine,
so tar as 1 knew so far as the people who were related to it knew, so
far as I knew In February 11, 1942, I resigned. You are showing
me an issue of August-September 1942. I did not even know there was
an issue between February and this. I have heard that the magazine
was published monthly through May of 1940 and bimonthly, monthly
again and now quarterly. It has dwindled to a pamphlet size by now
and is begging for money. I don't know anything about it following
February 11, 1942. &
Mr. Jackson. What was the date of the last exhibit?
Mr. Kunzig. August-September 1942.
Mr. Doyle. If it was Communist dominated you would expect them
to take advantage of the Bishop's name in the 6 months, wouldn't you «
Mr. Velde Mr. Doyle, with all respect to you, we have asked all
members to follow the written, the regular rules of procedure So
would -ou please address the Chair?
Mr. Doyle. I will the next time. I thought there was a lull and
recess m the meeting.
Mr. Velde. Proceed, Mr. Kunzig.
Mr. Kunzig. Mr. Chairman, I should like at this time to put into
evidence testimony given by Manning Johnson, a former member of
the national committee of the Communist Party, on July 13 The
testimony was given July 13 and 14, 1953 before this committee.'
I his is the question as asked by me :
+vJ?v K f UN f IQ ; You st t ted that the magazine, the Protestant Digest, later called
£LETE!«?f , 2 t the fV 7 a j; i0US turns of ^Ucy of the Soviet Union and I the
twists and the turns in the Communist line as it went through the years Could
you document that, please, with illustrations taken from the magazine?
Mr. Johnson. Yes, I can. I have here the Protestant Digest, December 1938
SSiffJS v." th %^ m "» n »8t Party was building the United S a„ we
find in this edition of the Protestant Digest an article by William Spofford It
was a reprint from The Witness, September 22, 1938. yynimm »P°irora. it
Then Mr. Johnson answered further :
The subject of the article is "Bill Spofford Hails United Front."
Then later on Mr. Johnson testified :
,•„ *%!: i 0H f S ° N - } A would lik e to present to the committee an article published
m the Protestant April-May 1942. The author of the article S David S5
?e n mnHn? f "t * ?"& he f ° U ° WS tte Communist Party line on reUg on byaT
reSSfStfaTeone^ 18 ""^ *" Mand " m ^ deTOa ^ and a ?W
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3635
Mr. Johnson went on in answer to my question which was:
Mr. Kunzig. Do you have any further documents Mr J f °^^ r ? otestant Digest
son Exhibit No. 25" and I offer it into evidence at this point.
Then the document was received in evidence. Then Mr. Johnson
went on to say: n
Mr Johnson. I have an article entitled "Two Speeches by Kenneth Leslie.
artSe is "The Second ^^J^£^ZSl^SffS^^^SS^
Russia, and it was in accord with the Communist rai ty a n
compel America to go along with Soviet Russia on the opening up ui.
front in Europe.
Then we marked the document as an exhibit and Mr. Johnson went
on to say :
commander in chief of the whole allied forces.
And then, finally, the question was :
the same. They dropped the word "Digest a little later.
The question was —
SSSESasBflESESHaB
And the answer by Johnson in the sworn testimony before this
committee was :
Of course Mr Chairman, it is to be understood that there were deviations
the religious field.
Mr. Moulder. Who is Mr. Johnson? u^™
Mr Kunzig. Manning Johnson is a witness who appeared before
til commiltee. This was about a week ago and was in Washington a
fe Bi d snopOxNAM. May I answer, please? Might I ask first is the
counsel testifying? I heard all of this about the Protestant. What
has it to do with me? I indicated when I resigned and why . Ax* .1
do not quite understand this long recitation of a witness of a day oi so
ag Mr Jackson. I think that the relative point is that although, as you
sav the Protestant was not cited as a Communist publication until
after your separation, the fact is that the activity of the publication
which led to its citation was going on at the time that you were an
editorial advisor. I do not say that you contributed to it in any way
However, I think that it is relative and material and it cannot be
deleted.
3636 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
It seems to me that your statement indicating that you ceased to be
an editorial adviser before the citation of the publication as being
Communist-dominated in no way alters the substantial fact that the
Protestant was before that date engaged in activities which later
brought it under Federal scrutiny.
Bishop Oxnam. But when reference is made to the United Front,
and in 1935 there is a remark in an article where I have opposed it,
that America must not accept communism in order to oppose fascism.
Mr. Velde. You are getting out of line. Bishop, and I would like
to have you answer the questions as nearly as possible.
Bishop Oxnam. Thank you, sir.
Mr. Velde. In a precise manner and in response to the questions,
if you can.
Mr. Clardt. Mr. Chairman, might I ask a question ?
Mr. Velde. Yes.
Mr. Clardy. Bishop Oxnam, the testimony that was read to you is
only a portion of that that I referred to earlier when I made the state-
ment intended to be helpful to you. But some questions suggested
themselves to me, and I address these to you in all the spirit of Chris-
tian charity that I can summon up.
It seems to me that in view of the fact that you have continually
attacked all investigating committees, including this one, and that is
certainly your right, because I am not any more immune to criticism
than you or anyone else, but the fact that you have done so, and that
then this committee in taking sworn testimony discovers things such
as this magazine when an organization or a magazine known as the
Protestant or Protestant Digest that was Communist in origin and
inception and in practice in ways that perhaps even you did not see,
it occurs to me should demonstrate to you, sir, that only a committee
of this kind is equipped to ferret out the truth which you could not
discover despite the fact that you were associated with the organiza-
tion for the period that you were.
Now, I say that in all Christian charity, but may I address myself
to another thing that has lain heavily on me ever since you attacked
the committee like that on February 24 of this year which caused me,
on the 25th, to take the floor and for about 30 seconds to point out that
I thought you had been most un-Christian in impugning to me affairs
which had existed in the past. You did not know me. You had never
heard of me. I had heard briefly of you, but I really knew nothing of
you. It was an implication of criticism by association, because I had
been made a member of the committee which had not acted and with
which I had nothing to do up to that point, which had not even had
a hearing because at that time it made it very plain and very clear, to
me at least, that you were, through this method
Mr. Velde. Are you asking him a question, Mr. Clardy?
Mr. Clardy. I will. I am building up to it. I want to ask him some-
thing very personal on it, and it is a matter of personal privilege, more
or less, because it troubles me.
The question is this : When you made that speech and then when we
exchanged brief communication, why did you not exhibit the spirit
of charity that I think all of us should have and frankly admit that
you did not intend to include me or Mr. Scherer in the blanket indict-
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3637
ment which you delivered against the entire committee and on which
we had just been appointed?
Mr Velde. The Chair has previously announced that we are inter-
ested in concluding this hearing today, and there is no reason why we
should argue in this particular vein, and I believe the committee will
affree that we are here to ascertain facts to determine whether or not
the Bishop has been harmed in any way by the activities of this com-
mittee, and as I said before, and I regret it very much that the Lishop
brought personalities into this, in the first place, and I do not think
that we should pursue any further personalities. And so I ask you to
withdraw your question if you would, Mr. Clardy
Mr. Clardy. I bow to the ruling of the Chair. I will talk with you
off the record after this is over, Bishop.
Bishop Oxnam. I would count it an honor to chat with you after-
ward and I would like to show you a copy of the address and explain
the reason for it, and since the question is withdrawn I cannot say
further. , . , . . . ,, - .
Mr Doyle. Bishop, may I ask vou this, please, m view ot the tact
that vou were on the advisory committee or board of the Protestant
Dio-est from March 1940, from the beginning of it until February 1942,
how much did they pay you in salary or compensation for being on
that? . , ^
Bishop Oxnam. As a matter of fact of course there was no remu-
neration involved. Many groups often ask me. For instance I am
servino- as an advisory member, I believe, on the Religious Book Club.
We donot meet. We receive nothing. The experts do the work. It
is a bad policy and one ought to sit with a group of that kind.
Mr Jackson. You also contributed to the Protestant?
Bishop Oxnam. I made an address which they published. It had
something to do with clerical fascism and they asked if they could
reprint it and I said they could. . .
Mr. Kunzig. It is entitled "Monsignor Sheen and Clerical-Fascism.
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, that article appeared. _ ,
Mr Moulder. While you were serving as editorial adviser, did you
contribute or advise in any connection whatsoever with the report
that was made by Mr. Budenz ?
Bishop Oxnam. I am sorry I did not get the question, sir. 1 would
like to wet it. I couldn't quite hear. It is very difficult in this room.
Mr Moulder. The reference was made to a statement awhile ago
which was published in the Protestant Digest and I am asking you as
to whether or not you made any contributions or had any connection
or knowledge or contributed toward the article whatsoever.
Bishop Oxnam. I state in the letter of resignation : "So far there
have been no meetings of the group associated with the Protestant.
There were letters from Mr. Leslie generally dealing with some
attempt to work out some national pronouncement of some kind. I
think there was a banquet organized in New York about Protestantism
Answers Hate. It had to do with anti-Semitism at the time. That
was about all the relationship. The editorial board never met.
Mr. Moulder. Then your answer to that question is No, you did
not contribute or have any association with Mr. Budenz in the writing
Bishop Oxnam. Oh, no. I never met Mr. Budenz. I had one letter
from him, but that is all.
3638
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
Mr. Velde. Now, you are examining the exhibit that has been pre-
sented to you.
Bishop Oxnam. It is not necessary. I know that article, thank
you, sir.
Mr. Scherer. Could I see that, Counsel ?
Mr. Velde. Proceed, Mr. Counsel.
Mr. Kunzig. I then offer into evidence Oxnam exhibits Nos. 11, 12,
and 13, which are the documents we have just been discussing involv-
ing the Protestant and one previous, American League for Peace and
Democracy, which we discussed earlier before the recess.
Mr. Velde. Without objection, it is so ordered.
(American League for Peace and Democracy, letterhead, dated
April 6, 1939, Oxnam exhibit No. 11 ; the Protestant Digest, June-
July, contents page, Oxnam exhibit No. 12; and the Protestant,
August-September 1942, list of editorial advisers, Oxnam exhibit No.
13 were received in evidence.)
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 11
(Letterhead dated April 6, 1939)
The American League for Peace and Democracy
Monthly magazine:
April 6th, 1939
The Fight
National Office
268 Fourth Ave., room 701
New York, N. Y.
Cable Address
Amleag, New York
Tel. AL 4-9784-9785
Harry F. Ward, national chairman
Mrs. Victor L. Berger
Mrs. Mary McLeod Bethune
Howard G. Costigan
Robert Morss Lovett
Rev. William B. Spofford
A. F. Whitney, vice chairmen
executive board
James S. Allen
Rev. Jule Ayers
George Biddle
LeRoy Bowman
Eleanor Brannan
Joseph Cadden
Margaret Forsyth
Walter Frank
Clarence Hathaway
Prof. Oliver Larkin
George Marshall
Prof. Walter Rautenstrauch
Rev. William B. Spofford
Dr. Channing Tobias
Mrs. A. H. Vixman
Morris Watson
Dr. Max Yergan
See national committee members on reverse side
[Reverse side of letterhead]
NATIONAL COMMITTEE MEMBERS
Grace Abbott
Devere Allen
John T. Bernard
Rev. Dwight Bradley
Bishop Benjamin Brewster
Dorothy Detzer
Jerome Davis
Prof. Paul H. Douglas
Sherwood Eddy
Prof. Albert Einstein
Prof. Henry Pratt Fairchild
Francis L. Gorman
President Frank P. Graham
Hubert C. Herring
Rabbi Edward L. Israel
Joseph Lash
Prof. Robert Morss Lovett
Rev. John A. MacKay
President Wm. A. Neilson
Jerry O'Connell
Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam
Bishop Robert L. Paddock
Bishop Edward L. Parsons
A. Phillip Randolph
Paul Robeson
Rev. Guv Emery Shipler
Rabbi Abba Hillel Silver
Upton Sinclair
Leland Stowe, and others
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
3639
NATIONAL SPONSORS
Dr. Howard C. Naffziger, University of
California Medical School
Dr. Percival Bailey
Dr. Anton J. Carlson
Dr. Arno B. Luckhardt, of University of
Chicago Medical School
Dr. Haven Enie' son, of Columbia Uni-
versity
Dr. Walter B. Cannon
Dr. Samuel A. Levine, of Harvard Medi-
cal School
Dr. David J. Davis, of University of Il-
linois Medical School
Dr. Adolph Meyer
Dr. Henry E. Sigerist, of Johns Hopkins
Medical School
Dr. Andrew C. Ivy, of Northwestern
University Medical School
Dr. Frederick Amassa Coller
Dr. Reuben L. Kahn
Dr. L. H. Newburgh
Dr. John Sundwall, of University of
Michigan Medical School
Dr. Samuel J. Kopetsky, of New York
Polyclinic Medical School
Dr. William H. Park, of New York Uni-
versity Medical School
Dr. Thomas Addis
Dr. Leo Eloesser, of Stamford Univer-
sity Medical School
Dr. Jacques J. Bronfenbrenner
Dr. Carl F. Cori
Dr. Joseph Erlanger
Dr. Evarts A. Graham
Dr. Leo Loeb, of Washington University
Medical School
Dr. Harry Goldblatt
Dr. Carl H. Lenhart
Dr. Rov Wesley Scott
Dr. T. Wingate Todd, of Western Re-
serve Medical S'chool
Dr. John P. Peters
Dr. C. E. A. Winslow, of Yale Medical
School
Dr. E. O. Rosenow, of Mayo Clinic
Dr. George Baehr
Dr. Ernst P. Boas
Dr. Bela Schick, of Mount Sinai Hospi-
tal, New York
Dr. Phoebus A. Levene
Dr. Florence R. Sabin, of Rockefeller
Institute for Medical Research
lawyers' committee
Hon. Paul J. Kern, chairman
S. John Block
Louis B. Boudin
Maurice P. Davidson
Hubert T. Delany
Morris L. Ernst
Osmond K. Fraenkel
Arthur Garfield Hays
Stanley M. Isaacs
Paul J. Kern
Carol King
Vito Marcantonio
Newbold Morris, Jr.
Kurt Rosenfeld
Louis Waldman, and others
Sherwood Anderson
Peter Blunie
Van Wyek Brooks
Malcolm Cowley
Countee Cullen
Theodore Dreiser
Edna Ferber
Dorothy C. Fisher
Lewis Gannett
Wm. Gropper
Ernest Hemingway
Langston Hughes
WRITERS' AND ARTISTS' COMMITTEE
Fannie Hurst
Rockwell Kent
Sinclair Lewis
Archibald MacLeish
Dorothy Parker
Elliot Paul
Ernst Toller
Carl Van Doren
Stuyvesant Van Veen
Ella Winter
Art Young, and others
SOCIAL WORKERS' COMMITTEE
Lillian D. Wald, honorary chairman
Harald H. Lund, chairman
Helen M. Harris, vice chairman
Wayne McMillen, vice chairman
Edith Abbott
Herschel Alt
Grace L. Coyle
Helen Hall
A. Gordon Hamilton
Paul Kellogg
Jacob Kepecs
John A. Kingsbury
Mary van Kleeck
Eduard C. Lindeman
Owen R. Lovejoy
Walter Pettit
Bertha C. Reynolds
Mary Simkhovitch
Ethel C. Taylor
Walter West, and others
3640
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
PSYCHOLOGISTS COMMITTEE
Clark L. Hull
Gordon W. Allport
John F. Dashiell
Leonard W. Doob
Horace B. English
Franklin Fearing
I. Kreehevsky
Zing Yang Kuo
Herbert S. Langfeld
Kurt Lewin
Norman R. F. Maier
Gardner Murphy
T. C. Schneirla
Edward Chace Tolnian
Goodwin Watson, and others
women's division
Miss Dorothy Parker, chairman Mrs. Burgess Meredith
Mrs. Florentine S. Sherman, vice chair- Mrs. Herman Shumlin
man Mrs. Brock Pemberton
Mrs. Ralph Stanwood Foss Minna Harkavy
Mrs. Burton Emmett Mrs. Monroe Meyer
Mrs. H. V. Kaltenborn Mrs. Carlton Balliett, Jr., and others
Mrs. Maxwell Anderson
MUSICIANS' COMMITTEE
Pablo Casals, honorary chairman
Leon Barzin
Arthur Bodanzky
John Alden Carpenter
Samuel Chotzinoff
Olin Downes
Alma Gluck
Leopold Godowsky
Edwin Franko Goldman
Louise Homer
A. Walter Kramer
Serge Koussevitzky
Josef Lhevinne
Daniel Gregory Mason
Walter Piston
Fritz Reiner
Paul Robeson
Beryl Rubenstein
Alexander Smallens
Albert Stoessel
Alfred Wallenstein
Efrem Zimbalist, and others
THEATRE AETS COMMITTEE
Heywood Broun
Morris Carnovsky
Muriel Draper
Angna Enters
Benny Goodman
Martha Graham
Jed Harris
Lillian Hellman
Doris Humphrey
John Howard Lawson
Burgess Meredith
Philip Merivale
Paul Muni
Clifford Odets
Herman Shumlin
Sylvia Sidney
Lee Simonson
George Sklar
Richard Watts, Jr.
Orson Welles, and others
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3641
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 12
MSGR. SHEEN AND CLERICAL-FASCISM
PROUST AM
SUMMER
OIGfST
Editorials:
Msgr. Sheen and
Clerical-Fascism . . Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam I
Comments on "Save Protestant England" . . 5-13
Pierre van Paassen Gregory Vlastos
Henry N. Wieman Donald G. Lothrop
► Emancipation Proclamation- 1 94 1 James Luther Adams 14
U.S.S.R. and American Defense . . Kenneth Leslie 20
I Am an American P«d ™ icr » 24
Vichyful Thinking Andre Gery 27
►Why War Aims? Paul Ti,,ich 33
^►Semites and Samaritans .... Ralph S. Morton 39
Britain Thrilled by Soviet Defense . Hewlett Johnson 44
The Negativism of Positivism . . . . Peter Wus+ 47
►The Vatican and the Nazi-Soviet Pact . . S.R.Herbert 54
Vital Literature , . ,. ..
South of God Kenne+h Le$,,e 6o
Let My People Go Cedric Belfrage 71
92
Letters to the Editor
25c
324
43620 — 54 -5
3642 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 13
(Part 1)
I ill
®t$$$-m®f imi
Edflforlatb
ex
wi$m
Sfrasi#r*$ Fr## iS?mmmy * « ♦ « « Halm Pol
^fte $0¥i©fs Dbts't F#«r R&Hoioti .. Robert Whrfaler
»mm #f L#fC§*3
S5*^rfetr« . , fercr don Potest I 4
. Wiiu
n.nim -sv
V^i&l literature
tw*wf$> *#w «#£»$
W"y < wo MW8iM«lwwi M »««i iu i '.. i m i«fta(»»3*»£sitts»s»«ws?!^
^v-»»aga««?i-a:j^l»^ r,»»i»iniij«ijgjm.K^Km« . i n , ,■, mm , w a^»«.a 1c ^v^ ffnt ^ wrsi> _.
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
3643
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 13
(Part 2)
f\ ifc, i
3644
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 13
(Part 3)
T H £■ PfiOIfSIIfif
4 AM Kg L. A»AMS
JOSEPH BrAJ'STO?
Rvth Nan&a An-snen
Russell C f Barbovs
L. M. BiRKBEAO
CHARLES S. BrASSEH
<S&Mm A. Beat
bsekars c c'lacsrn
Jksome Davis
Mark A. Dawbbi
£<fif«?d by Keisneth Lesue
Associate j?<f iiors
Pierse Vas
JOSEPH P. FESTCH3E8
Steehen H. FsrrcsMAsr
E&SSEST G« ASSAM GfTRJUE
JOSEEM HaSOUTSWIAK
Chester E. Hooososj
Walter M. Hortqk
e»wj» h. heches
Hewlett Johnso»
DoXAEB LOTHSOE
J. A. MacCau,Wm
Joki? A. Mackay
JFOKK MacMuWAE
Curros Macon
H, D. A. Major
Francis J, McCotoell.
Coneas H MOSHLMAK
Jamss MorrAtr
Joseph G. Moore
Loots D, Nswtoh
G. BsoMtrv Ox* am
H. RtfTEEUGE SOOTSWOKTH
Pavl Ttlueck
WjfUTELM PAUCK
E&vras McK< POTEAT
a. c*>aytoj* powell
Leon«a£ss Hagae
ravmo^? ro8jw8
W„ S, Etecroet
YSBA D. SCl?»»£R
0. B, Shares
JOKANKES St*EE
Aim Tattlo*
CKAKsmc H. TOfilAS
GREOOSY VlAStOS
Rl?EOS W. WEAVER
Hejs-ry N. Wiemak
Vol IV
AUGUST-SEPTEMBER. i$42
Na?
INDIA: THE WAR'S DOUBLE EXPOSURE
Editorial by KENNETH LESLIE
Lady Em pink
EMPIRE is an old lady, blind to all but her jewels toward which
she reaches her greedy hands. Younger empires in the East
and in the West have bullied her and slapped her, but she has lost
perspective along with the vitality of her own young days when
she did the bullying and the slapping. With these graduates of her
own school of empire now at her throat she would not believe they
were not still her admiring pupils. She had been so long admired,
so long, kowtowed to, She dallied with them, played at lovers with
them, tut-tutted their brutality toward the Jews in the West and
the Chinese in the Bast (world bearers of humanism). Then she
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3645
Sir, did you ever contribute to a magazine or publication entitled
"Soviet Russia Today"? 8 . . _.
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, sir. I wrote one article for Soviet Russia lo-
day, I think, dealing with the Yalta pact. That article was so changed
by the editors that when I received a second invitation, I replied that
I could never contribute another article to any magazine that treated
an article in that fashion. m
Mr. Kunzig. You had no way of stopping the publication ot the
changed version once it was already out of your hands ?
Bishop Oxnam. I sent my copy to the editor. All respectable mag-
azines print what you send', or, if there is to be editorial change, they
send it back to you for your permission. No such return occurred,
and that was mv only relationship with that group.
May I point'out that these matters were not in the hies. I ou are
bringing in a number of items here that were never in any ot the re-
leased files to which I am referring, and I realize what is being done
publicly. There is an attempt to build up a relationship that mis-
represents me completely, sir.
Mr Kunzig. These are all parts, sir, of the Oxnam files ot the Com-
mittee on Un-American Activities. This Soviet Russia Today was
cited as a Communist
Mr. Clardy. Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Velde. Mr. Clardy. . .
Mr. Clardy. May I point out, Bishop, there is no intention at all to
do what you are talking about, but to demonstrate one fact, that you
obviously did not, when you made some statements about what is m
our files, actually know the facts. That is the purpose.
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, I have releases to which 1 have re-
ferred over the period of 7 years that have been sent out officially, and
I have been referring to those releases. If there is additional informa-
tion, Mr. Clardy, thank you for letting me know, sir.
Mr. Velde. Witness, remember, you agreed to answer questions
about anything, any organizations that you joined.
Bishop Oxnam. Yes; I did. .
Mr. Velde. So I see no reason why we should continue. In order
to get the record straight and to do justice to this matter, we are in
a public forum, as I mentioned a while ago, and we must do justice.
We owe it to the American people ; you owe it to the American people,
and we must do justice. . .
Mr. Ktjnzig. I wish the record to show, Mr. Chairman, that Soviet
Russia Today was cited as a Communist front by the Special Com-
mittee on Un-American Activities report March 29, 1944; also cited
in report June 25, 1942, which, I believe, was prior to the time of this
contribution of yours. It was cited as a Communist-front publication
by the Congressional Committee on Un-American Activities, House
s Soviet Russia Todav. 1. Cited as a Communist front. (Special Committee on Un-
American Activities, report, March 29, 1944, p. 167 ; also cited in report, June 25, 1942,
P '2 21 Cited as a "Communist-front publication." (Congressional Committee on ^-Ameri-
can Activities H. Rept. 1953. on the Congress of American Women, April 26, 1950 (origi-
^jS^lfi^fti^t^Jffiindrtiwit organizations "for the sole purpose -of
carrying on propaganda on behalf of the Soviet Union." (California Committee on Un-
A TAwS!?SfeSSffii 9 ft&dIS^ Soviet Union and distributed by the Commu-
nists' P,™|?essive Book Shop 'in Boston. Mass. "The articles and pictures m this magazine
seek to show the great benefits and advantages enjoyed by R^ian worters^ir^Btag tte
theme that Russia is the only successful nation in the world today (Massachusetts
House Committee on Un-American Activities, report, 19d* pp. .JM ana oik.;
3646 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
Report 1953, and also by the California committee in 1948, and the
Massachusetts House Committee on Un-American Activities in its
report in 1938.
Mr. Jackson. Mr. Chairman, may I ask a question?
Mr. Velde. May we let counsel finish?
Mr. Kunzig. I should like to introduce Oxnam exhibit No. 14 into
evidence at this time.
Mr. Velde. Without objection Oxnam exhibit No. 14 will be
admitted.
(The magazine Soviet Russia Today referred to was marked
"Oxnam Exhibit No. 14" and received in evidence as Oxnam exhibit
No. 14.)
Mr. Kunzig. This states that you were a contributor there, sir, on
the front page. It is not the article you wrote, but it states you were
a contributor.
Bishop Oxnam. Then you are not interested in what I said?
Mr. Kunzig. If you have it here, I would be glad to put it in the
record.
Bishop Oxnam. I do not. I can get it, and I would like to have it
in because I would like it to be known what I say when I put my
signature on it.
Mr. Velde. I suggest he be allowed to examine
Mr. Kunzig. He said he did not care to, because it is not his article.
I therefore would like to offer into evidence as exhibit 15 the document
which you will then send to me, sir, which we will incorporate with
your permission, Mr. Chairman, in the record, so that exactly what
the bishop said may be in the record. Is that right, sir ?
Mr. Velde. I do not know. This is a little bit unusual procedure,
whether we can admit evidence that has not been prepared.
Mr. Kunzig. The bishop said he has the document and wishes it be
made part of the record, and may 1 suggest, it is only fair to make it
part of the record.
Mr. Velde. Is it already prepared?
Mr. Kunzig. He has written an article sometime ago which article
he has and will send to us, which was in Soviet Russia Today. This
exhibit here merely lists him as a previous contributor. It says,
"Amongst recent contributors, Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam." The
article written for Soviet Russia Today is not here, and Mr. Oxnam
says he will present it to us, and I think it should be a part of the
record.
Mr. Clardy. May I suggest something, Mr. Chairman ?
Mr. Velde. I would like the judgment of the committee on this
matter.
Mr. Clardy. I think the proper method is the usual one, to have it
received at the conclusion of the hearing when the bishop has it ready
and have it marked as a late filed exhibit to be included in the record.
Mr. Velde. May I have some expression of opinion regarding this?
Mr. Frazier. Mr. Chairman, if the bishop wants to include it, I
see no reason why it should not be included in the record. Did I
misunderstand the bishop? Did you say you wanted to submit that
as a part of the record ?
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Frazier, thank you, sir. The counsel, I
thought, was presenting the article I had written as evidence. I find
that he is not, and it seemed to me that the article itself ought to be in
D
Z
•^
.itH
i 5 a:
■=>
S
c >. '
o
».| z.
h
o
z
J!
-. - V
Q
a
z
>i
T, w I
<
1-
i
• o
M
M
ft
■ irj C
J
UJ
O
z
£
•7.
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3647
the record instead of the reference that was made here with the impli-
cations that lie in the subsequent statements by the counsel.
Mr. Kunzig. And I agreed with you.
Mr. Velde. Let me ask you, Bishop, this article is a matter of public
information. It has been published?
Bishop Oxnam. It was published, sir, but the article that 1 sent to
them differs from it considerably, and I would like both to be m your
possession.
Mr. Clardy. May I inquire
Mr. Velde. Just a minute. He has explained he sent an article
in for publication, and it was changed.
Mr. Clardy. I know, but do you mean, Bishop, that you can give
us the original manuscript?
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, sir; yes, sir.
Mr. Clardy. And then a copy of the magazine so that we may com-
pare the two. .
Bishop Oxnam. Quite, that is exactly what I had m mmd.
Mr Clardy. I think that would be excellent, but I am suggesting
that technically— this is purely a matter of legality— that it should
be received and marked as a late filed exhibit when you have it ready.
Bishop Oxnam. Thank you very much.
Mr. Clardy. Could you identify the approximate date?
Bishop Oxnam. I am afraid I could not offhand, sir.
Mr. Chairman. Mr. Clardy asked for a date. m
Mr Velde. The Chair is ready to rule. Oxnam exhibits Nos. 15 and
16 one of which is the version which was published, and one of which
is the version that Bishop Oxnam presented for publication, will be
admitted into the record at this point without objection.
Bishop Oxnam. Thank you, sir.
(The manuscript presented to Soviet Russia Today and the pub-
lished version referred to were received in evidence as Oxnam exhibits
Nos. 15 and 16.) (See pp. 3648 and 3649.) ,
Bishop Oxnam. Do you wish this elate that Mr. Clardy asked about t
Mr. Clardy. I would appreciate it, Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Velde. Won't the publication show the date of it? You might
give us the date. . ,.■,,,
Bishop Oxnam. In the letter of December 16, 1946, in which they
make a request is this— that is as close as I can get to nV- In the
article I contributed to the magazine sometime back I was astounded
to note the editorial changes that eliminated any word critical in
nit-lire
It was prior to December 16, 1946 ; I suppose quite close to that date,
within months. ..... - ,,
Mr. Doyle. Mr. Chairman, my impression is that m view ot the
fact that the Bishop is being confronted with this, as I understand it,
for the first time now, and that you are calling attention to the fact
that the front page of this magazine lists him as "amongst recent con-
tributors." I think it very pertinent to list some of the other con-
tributors to the same magazine. I notice there there are quite a few
other recent contributors. There is a United States Senator listed
here, for instance— two of them. There are two of them listed here
as recent contributors, and other well-known names to the American
public.
Mr. Veij)e. Does the gentleman want to investigate or to
3648 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 15
(Part 1)
A Churchman Evaluates the Crimea Conf erence
by Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam, President o'f"
The Federal Council ot the I'hu rches of Christ
in America and Bishop or The Methodist C hurch, New Y ork Area .
The agreement reached at Yalta is "applied idealism" of a high <*d*r.
It reaffirms the inflexible resolve of the United Nations to defeat the
common enemy . It insists that physical victory is not enough. We must go
on and win the coral victory that will result in a secure and lasting peSe
wnicn will "afford assurance that all men in all lands may live out their
lives in ireedom fro,,, fear and want." T ne Atlantic Charter is referred to
specifically three times in the official statement of the Crimea Conference.
It appears taat tne fundamental principles of tne Atlantic Charter are to be
regarded as a guide to tie United Nations in the forthcoming conference at
San rrancisco. The Crimea Conference renewed the pledge that all peoples
shall have tne right to choose tne form of government under which they will
live; announced plans for the relief ana rehabilitation of liberated peoples-
reailirmed t,.e rejection of fascism by peace-loving nations; and re-stated '
tr.e resolve to extirpate fascism w„erever found; and announced plans and
tne date for the eagerly awaited Conference of the United Nations in which
tr.e jumbarton Oaks proposals are to be considered and improved and a general
international organization of the peace-loving nations of the world estab-
1 1 s;; ed .
Underlying these significant announcements are two fundamental facts t
first, the full participation of tne United states of America in attempts to
solve the extraordinarily difficult problems of Europe; second, tne apparent
abandonment of policies wherein individual nations sought to reacn solutions
in their own interest, with the consequent acceptance of a policy in wnich
joint action by at least the Big r.iree would be taken. Churcnmen recognise
tr.e :act taat Russia has been pursuing alternate policies at the same time,
one oased upon tne assumption that tne United States would not collaborate
in tne post-war world, the other based upon the assumption tnat the United
otates would. The first meant unilateral agreements designed to assure
security for Russia in the post-war world. Ihe other meant tne announcement
ox tne willingness to collaborate and to reach joint decision. It appeared
for a time tnat both England and Russia were moving forward upon tne basis
of individual decision. It appeared furtner tnat tne aloofness of the United
States might mean a repetition of tne American action that followed the last
.'.orld '..ar. It is with a great sense of relief tnat churchmen now know that
tne clear intent of our government is to collaborate and the equally clear
intent of tne other members of tne Big Three is to move on the basis of
joint action. It now beooaes necessary that our leaders have the full sup-
port of the American people to the end that we may progress toward the epal
of world law and order.
The religious forces of the world will regard the decisions of the
Crimean Conference as marking substantial and significant advance toward
world law and order. I believe they will support our statesmen in these
proposals. I believe they will support tne plans for a general international
organization that will no doubt emerge from the forthcoming conference of
tne United Nations. Religious leaders everywhere realize that the ethical
ideals of religion must now be translated into the realities of world law
and order, economic justice and racial brotherhood. It is*signif icant, and
perhaps symbolic, fact that the Crimean Conference held in the former summer*
palace of a Czar should seek to build a world in which the common man shall
come to his rightful place. It is equally significant that tne Conference
to be held in San Francisco will meet in a city named for St. Francis of
O N
| part l)
(uovlst Russl* Today, April 19A5)
E IV T S
v lin \M> COMMBNT ■>
CHURCHMAN EVALUATES valta Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam 9
r WORLD TRADE UNION IMn I'aisih I ■ huznetsov 10
. THE PEACE SETTLEMENl I/. /'. Tarasm I I
II n \\y 01 iii> i s>R Ll. Col. I'eltr /'• Ancharslty 12
l vni.ini. THE MAP i>E SOVIET inih ">TR\ William Miindci 14
IE FORTY-FIFTH MONTH C.ilpt. Strati S . Kvttrnakoff 17
LTURAL REVIEW Isiilnr Silmridrr 20
nroM \\ of ti rkmimm in .... . L. Irin 21
if ti RKMEN REPUBLIC Corliss Lamont --
iildren's Biixii) factor) B. Brodovsky 23
L.HT BATTLI M STALINGRAD Knnslanlin SimonOV 24
it r i.n isl IONS i\« BRED Theodore Baft' 26
[BON \XB \n riBOTI, review Jessna Smith 1~
SSIAN POETS is new TRANSLATION, review . . . Genevieve Taaaard 2d
HIRE THE ARCTIC HAS COME ALIVE, rCt'lCU' Ertlflt ('.. Ropes -" '
SSII I SMITH, Editor IHEOOORE BAYER, Manuari
I OM-HIBl TORS
Bailor G, Bromlti uisim is Pml-
nl ol Iht frdeial Council of thr
niche, ol Chriat m America and
■h .1 ihc Methodial ( hurch. New
re Area Formerh Bishop of thr
hurch in Omaha, and more
rntls in llir B n Area, Hi.hop
nam ha. lectured and written widely-.
■i"ii„ I - ooaa ,. ane entitled Russian
prrssians
\ uail i \ Ki INfTJtw i. chairman of
• All-lnion Central Council ,.f Trade
headed thr s m , rI deleRa-
n to the World Trade I nion Con-
ni.r m London. He M.*nt mm years
the Inilcd Nate ami .tudied at the
inegie In
\l P I t.tv.t i. a n.einl.et of the
.. mtral ( uuncil of Trade
Itotla an.l «j. t memhei n( the So« iet
legati ... to the I ondon Conference.
I r l 01 I t n. I' WHsaaarr ia in
the K..I Sim.
Wiiiuu Mtvni i. the author of
<• So,,, i /.,. /.,„ puhliahed be the
j| I're.. and the liwimte of Pacific
latum. He hi- Keen reaearch liu-
iir at thr American Ruaeian Intti-
le, >i»itin K lecturer at SvraCMie Uni-
r-itv, and Irrttiret on '•The Soviet
' in.n Today" at the leffrrwn School
s„;,| Science in New York.
(set. >t»i.ll N. KoClNARoeT. our
military iinlyat, ia author of the out-
Thr be
standing hi.ok on the Red Vrmi
K»,,,„ , fnhlina Forrrs.
burnt SCHNIBMR, former literary rd.
t..r ..t S„,,,i Russia ToJar. ii now
literary editor of the .Yew tlmssts. H
in the author of a number of novel* and
\olumes of poetry and it at present at
work ..n another novel. The item* in
thin article were culled from recent
cables received from the USSR.
L. Irin and B. Baooovtir are Sox < t
Kon3tantin Simonov it the vouns
Soviet writer who hat made a brilliant
reputation during, the war. Hi- war
ntoriei A'e Quarter have been translated
and puhliahed in thia country and his
play The Russian Peupie was produced
by the Theatre Guild.
Uek'ivievt TAOCAU, * member of the
faculty of Sarah Lawrence College, i-
one of our leading Aaocricaa poets a-
well at a proae writer of diatinrti.n.
She it the author of Tie Life and Mm '
of Emily Diciinsun. Her met men
volume of poetry ia The Lama /'t. .•
Ernest C. Rorta ia Ruaaian Satcial.-t
of the Bureau of Foreign aad Oomrst
Commerce of the United State* Dtnn.
ment of Commerce. He ia the auth
of numcrout articlet ia government and
other publication! aad wat the editor
aod compiler of Russian Besnomtt
Sues from 19ZS to 1*40, a bulletin on
economic and other development* in the
USSR.
■•n the rover is Boris Siiolmyrr, one of the best students
XakkimOt* Xavtl Aiudrmy of thr I'S^k.
Amomfi Hft-eml
IRIN \ tltkSWDH, WILLIAM ROSE BtN I I . Mil I EN RKVNII. IIENRIEI1 \
BLCKM ASTER, HuLt.ER CAHILL, JOSEPH E. imils, lllliNtiir DRBISBR,
HiiUsRii nsr, II tRtiLU L. ICKES, RT. RRV. HEWLETT JdIINmiN, iji \n OF
I WIIRHt R\, Ri.sl \I\IRER. HARRIET MiioRE. SENMilR JAMBS E. MUR-
RAY, IEXATOR CLAUDE IHTER. ARTHUR UPHAM POPE, D. N. I'RITT. M.P..
i.il ENTlN BBYNOLM, isiixir MHNMliER iwi SEOMRRS, HIUTN SBAVER,
I.R. HENRs, F . IICBRIST, K.OSSTAMTTN SIMONOV, KOGAR SNt.w, JOHANNES
STBBLB, FRFDERKK I. Mill MIN. ANNA Mil ISE STRONC, ORNRVIBVI Ml,
i \RN, VALRRY J. TEREMITENkll, SIDNEY vt ERR, MAX WERNER, ALBER1
RHYS WILLIAMS. ELLA WINTER
F//./..J ti this iswe from SOI'FOTO except uhere otherwise sprtihc.L
■• April IsMl F,,i.,r.| aa tad daw nalbn M»rrh .'S |il> at the Put Ornci
-• N#- \ .„E. N \ . ,„,.j r , •>,, ,, , ,., m., |, .. v^S*,,,,,,,,^, <) i„ ,„ r ,, Jf ., ,,. , .
IVi.-h^l u^tMj b, ih, s R 1 |„| ,„ (\„ ,,, ■.-.,„ .,_. s ,„„ j,
S.^i lo, .N. Y. Indniil in Hull. in, .1 n„ Poblu A ■..,.. lofonnaiioa Service
PRINTED IN U. S. A.
To Our Readers
A teacher writes: "Your magazine
is the best source of information on
our Soviet ally for class-room use
that I have found."
A G.I. Joe writes: "Your maga-
zine is a source of inspiration."
A trade unionist writes: "I take
the greatest interst in your accounts
of current happenings in the I .S.Sft
icAirr. / cannot find elsi-where."
A farm woman writes: "I read
that article on Soviet rubber and
could not get it out of mv mintf. /
foo am experimenting with a wild
rubber plant."
A churchman writis: "Your
magazine is an outstanding exam file
nf literary sswial significance."
A government official write,: "I
find your magazine indispensable."
In American patriot write,: "Thi
best insurance to keep our country
ti ith a friendly attitude toward Rus-
sia it to hair at /rail a million sub-
icriben to SRT."
This is just a random sampling of
letters received from appreciative,
readers. That so many different
type* of people find a inninion
ground of interest in our page,
demonstrates, ire believe, that our
magazine ha, tut mi/MirrorH junction
in building the national unity and
the understanding of our aiftps es-
sential to back up the historic
(Crimea decisions.
Every reader uho become, a sub-
siriber helps solve wartime dis-
tribution problems. Fiery new sub-
si riber helps to extend the influence
of our magazine into ever larger
group*.
Subscribe today — and get Your
friends to subscribe. If ith each sub-
scription goes a ropy of the im-
portant book b\ Dr. Harry Ward
I see bark page) "The Soviet Spirit."
SOVIET HI SS| \ TODAY.
DEPT. KVl
1 1 4 Ea-t 32n.l St., New York, 16, N.Y.
Deaf Situ:
1 rnrlnw $2.00 for which please
enter my aubM-ription to S >f »'ef Rus-
sia Today for one year and aend me
mv copv of The Soviet Spirit hv
Harry ¥. Ward.
Name
ItcMreaa
City
Zone Nlllllliir SlMli-
Ii3620 0-5U (F«c« p. 36W) No. 1
A CHURCHMAN EVALUATES YALTA
J
(JO. 16 (P-rt 2 ,
»t Russif Today, April 19A5)
THi: vtrmi reached at Yalta i<
•applied idealism" of a high older.
It reaffirms the inflexible resolve d the
United S u uii lu -I leal the i
enemy. It insists that physical t it mi
is „.„ enough. We must g 1 and
win the mtii d t cton thai will tesult
in .1 secure and lasting peace which
will "afford av.ur.inct that all men in
;ill lands in. it live mil their lites in
freedom t i feai and want." The
Atlantic Charter - referred to specifi-
i all) three time* in the official state
ment ui the Ci mea Conference. It
appears that the fundamental pi n
pies ul the Vtlanl , Charter are to r
retarded as n guide to the United N
tiuns in rlie San Francisco ciinferenci
Tne Crimea Conference renewed
the pledge thai all peoples shall h n
the right to choose the form of gov-
ernment under which the) will live:
annuunced plans foi the relict and re-
li il lit i'. mi uf liberated peoples; real
firmed the rejection of fascism h\
peace-loving nations; re-stated the re-
solve • I . . .i-in wherevei
found; .ni.l announced plans and the
date fin the eagerli iwaited Cunfer-
enci d the I nil. 'J Nations in u li . li
the Dumbarton Oaks proposals ate to
lie cons dered and unproved an
eral internal una) organization of tl r
peace-loving nations established.
1 nderlving these significant an
nouncements are run foi
1 <t, the full p irticipation ■ i the
X rule. I States of Amei
I" solve the extraordinary
problems of Europe; second
parent abandonment of policies where-
in :n. I i dual nations sought to reach
-"Intl. .n- in their own ipten
the consequent acceptance ol
ill \t!i :
Big Three would he taken. I
men recognize the fact that R
had to be prepared with alien
Hlsiioi' (.. JtlMi.MI.K's OW VM
i!i,,t the I niied St it.-- would mil col
u-,11 world, the
inhri I'a ed upon hi i
the I nited States it mid I he I i -
emphasized igiermrnts dcigm
-ure set uriti tor I the pn t
ttar world. I In ii I i meani -
nuuncemeni igncss to
cullalKiratr and to reach joint decision.
It appeared foi a time thai both Eng-
land and Russia were moving forward
upon the basis of iml
ired furthei thai the il
of the United States mighi mean i
n of the Aiiieru .it ai 'i"ii th it
i 'lie !,■• WVI I Wa h
n i it mm
II I
leaders
■
people to tl progress
: in and
order.
The religious I if the world
: ' US of
mean Conferem e as n
! .n.e toward
I Irlirvc thev
statesmen in these pro-
I eve thi ■ » II support the
nti rnatkmal or-
louht e'.iers;e
conference of
' ' ' ' Sal Religious leader,
if the ethical
ii -t now lie trans-
lated i" d world law
and ordet econm r . m ,| racial
u'gnificanr, and
perhaps ,h Jt tne Cri-
: ' "' l iel.l in the former
summer palace ui . I\ar, mould -eel.
to build a worl the com-
n shall comi :.i li
Il i- e.|o allt ■ I
ii hel I .ti San Fi
I foi !si.
I • in. - - \ i ilrd in !.
person the pi n. iple I
us, n..l
Mr •.!„, «..„: I
1 II I.
In,, me the -•■• i ' '
i >t , ,.i,i .,■. [here v
■
- dution reachi I
land. Thi
I'olish que tiun f
-
interests anil lecr.te the I
of ■ ,.!i parti : ' ■ .1 ii • ■
It ;- difficult •
of the P. :
:
the pre-, ir
among Ann I
■ •
i ni i
air obligated i
tion lather than I ■ r
an ordered vt
proposed tor I'
I believe rel
ing in ihe fa. • tint I
the ^reai nariui ■'
f.ir-t isioned t,, tal
Ileal Steps tiro-
in ,n enemy, and n
organisation r.trn' ,! •
uf power and the furthei r\!
justice. The) hate heel
seeing in rrnett inj ihe-i ;
triplet, It I- pi n. iple thai
men to furtlier a. It, ante. I
Charter ih.es not represent
in international relations, hut it m i- a
first step. Its ideals niu-t lie hi
beckoning men to further advance.
Crimea is indeed "applied idealism,"
deserting the support of ideal. -t- and
realist! alike.
hltlO O-Sh (fees p. 361,9) No. 2
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3649
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 15
(Part 2)
A Churchman Evaluates the Crimea Conference —Z
Assissi, who revealed in his person the principle tnat must guide us, not
only as individuals but as nations, namely, "He who would become ti.e great-
est among you must become the servant of all.''
Of course, there will be fundamental difference of opinion concerning
t; e solution reached in the matter of Poland. There is no satisfactory
solution to the Polish qu stion. It is impossible t? reconcile the inter-
ests of Russia, Poiaad and Germany ana 'receive the full support of each
party involved in the solution. It is difficult to reconcile tne inter-
ests of tne Polisn landlord and the Polish peasant. The history that lies
behind ti.e present decision is not well known anong Americans. Easy solu-
tions are not to be found. Those w.-.o object to the present proposal con-
cerning Poland are obligated to present a better solution rather than to
reject the plans for an ordered world because tne solution proposed in the
ceso of Poland does not suit them.
I believe religious leaders are rejoicing in the fact that the leader-
ship of t!.e great nations has been sufficiently far-visioned to take all
presently practical steps necessary to defeat the cocjuon enemy, but, more,
to establish tra organization essential to the control of power and the
furt..er extension of justice. They have been equally far-seeing in renewing
th>;ir pledge to principles. It is principle that sur.mons men to further
advance. The Atlantic Charter does not represent the last step in inter-
national relations, but it was a first step. Its ideals must be held aloft
beckoning men to further advance. Crimea is indeed "applied idealism", de-
serving the support of idealists and realists alike.
Mr. Doyle. No, I do not want to investigate.
Mr. Velde (continuing). Produce any United States Senators?
Mr. Doyle. I have heard of Senators' and
Mi Velde. I think with all due respect to you, Mr. Doyle, we are
getting out of the realm of this investigation.
Mr. Doyle. I do not think it is out of the realm of the investigation
to show the actual fact. We are only naming one person as a recent
contributor, and there are a dozen or two dozen in the same magazine.
That is the purport of my question. I just wanted the record to show
that there are other distinguished Americans who are also contribu-
tors to that book. I think it is very pertinent and very material to this
question of the bishop.
Mr. Clardy. Mr. Doyle, will you yield a moment? You have no
doubt in your mind at all about the fact that that is a Communist maga-
zine, have you, regardless of who may have contributed to it, good or
bad?
Mr. Doyle. Of course this is the first time I have had it called to
my attention, so I have no knowledge on the fact.
Mr. Jackson. Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Velde. Mr. Jackson.
Mr. Jackson. I believe the gentleman from California has an
3650 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
excellent suggestion, and I would request permission to read into the
record the names of those who, together with Bishop Oxnam, have
been among the recent contributors.
Mr. Velde. Permission is granted.
Mr. Jackson. Irina Aleksander, William Rose Benet, Millen Brand,
Henrietta Buckmaster, Holger Cahill, Joseph E. Davies, Theodore
Dreiser, Howard Fast, Harold L. Ickes, Rt. Rev. Hewlitt Johnson,
Capt. Sergei N. Kournakoff, Rose Maurer, Rev. William Howard
Melish, Harriet Moore, James E. Murray, Claude Pepper, Arthur Up-
ham Pope, D. N. Pritt, M P, Quentin Reynolds, Ernest C. Ropes, Isidor
Schneider, Anna Seghers, Edwin Seaver, Dr. Henry E. Sigerist, Kon-
stantin Simonov, Edgar Snow, Johannes Steele, Frederick L. Schu-
man, Anna Louise Strong, Genevieve Taggard, Valery J. Tereshtenko,
Sidney Webb, Max Werner, Albert Rhys Williams, Ella Winter.
Mr. Clardy. Will the gentleman yield.
Mr. Velde. I recognized the gentleman, Mr. Clardy.
Mr. Clardy. I want to ask Mr. Jackson if he did not recognize a con-
siderable number of those names, and I am specifically excluding you,
Bishop, from the question — a great many of those are already publicly
identified as Communists in the files of this committee, do you not
recognize that?
Mr. Velde. Let us proceed in regular order.
Mr. Scherer. Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Velde. Mr. Scherer.
Mr. Scherer. While they are discussing the contributors to this last
periodical, I think we missed the fact that the Protestant Digest, which
has been marked Oxnam exhibit No. 12, in which the good bishop pub-
lishes the lead editorial on Fulton Sheen, has also an article in that
same publication entitled, "Let my people go," by Cedric Belfrage.
Belfrage testified before this committee and was identified as a mem-
ber of the Communist Party. He is now being deported by the
Department of Justice.
Mr. Velde. May we proceed in regular order ?
I would like to state again that in order to finish this hearing today,
there is a lot of material which we have to develop, and we must confine
our questions and answers to the subject matter under discussion, which
I previously announced, and we would appreciate it if the members
and the counsel and the witness as well could follow that procedure.
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, if we could deal with some of the
errors that I have tried to point out, we could perhaps clear the record.
I realize what is being done here, and I am trying to answer, sir, re-
sponsively, but I particularly referred to errors in the record which
I think could be cleared if I were questioned upon them.
Mr. Kunzig. We will come to one now, the National Federation for
Constitutional Liberties. That was one of the groups listed there.
The committee's mimeographed report, on which you later answered,
said that on December 26, 1941, the National Federation for Consti-
tutional Liberties issued a press release to the effect that an open letter
will be addressed to the President and the Congress of the United
States, opposing antilabor legislation as a dire threat to the unity
essential for the defeat of Japan, and your name appeared as one of
the signers. (See Oxnam exhibit No. 17, pp. 3757 and 3758.)
In January 1943, the National Federation for Constitutional Liber-
ties addressed a message to the House of Representatives which was a
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3651
plea for the discontinuance of the Special Committee on Un-American
Activities, and your name appeared as a signer on that. (See Oxnam
exhibit No. 18, pp. 3659-3668.)
Now, if I am correct, sir, your answer was that you never at any
time belonged to the National Federation for Constitutional Liberties
and never signed any statement for or on behalf of the organization.
Bishop Oxnam. That is correct, sir.
Mr. Kunzig. So that as to this organization you never had any-
thing to do with it at all ?
Bishop Oxnam. That is correct.
Mr. Kunzig. Did you have any knowledge that the Marshall foun-
dation, which is a Communist-cited fund, gave $65,000 to this group
ami was a large financial backer to this organization ?
Bishop Oxnam. Since I was not a member of it and had no relation-
ship with it, I had no knowledge concerning this until you state it.
Mr. Kunzig. Do you have any idea at all how your name came to
be used and how your name was listed as a signer in both of these
messages ?
Bishop Oxnam. No, sir.
Mr. Kunzig. You will note that the first message was December
1941, and the second was January 1943. During that period of time
it was never brought to your attention so that you might disclaim it
in any way ?
Bishop Oxnam. I have tried to say that I had no relationship that
I recall at all with that organization.
Mr. Velde. Bishop, may I ask you, when did you first learn that
your name was used in this connection ?
Bishop Oxnam. Several of these I knew nothing about, sir, until
I saw the releases of this committee.
Mr. Velde. Again I want to say and I hope you appreciate the fact
that this committee has done some service in releasing those files, be-
cause you, like any other American citizen, would be interested in
whether your name was used in connection with Communist-front
organizations. I am sure you appreciate that.
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, if that information were sent to me,
it would be of service, but when that information is broadcast, and
it is assumed that I belong to organizations I did not belong to, that is
the disservice that I am requesting the committee to end as far as I
am concerned.
Mr. Kunzig. For the record I should like to incorporate into the
record, and to be brief, the Communist background, the cited back-
ground of this organization
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, why should that be in? Is that
pertinent when I have said I do not belong to it ? Why does he insert
in my record a whole Communist relationship to an organization I do
not belong to ?
Mr. Velde. Because we want to get the record straight. We have
your denial of belonging to the organization, and this will be inserted
into the record as your denial of belonging to the organization so that
we finally may get your record straight so that we may inform the
American people regarding their activities, what you did belong to
and what you. did not belong to.
Bishop Oxnam. Thank you, sir.
Mr. Jackson. Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Velde. Mr. Jackson.
3652 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
Mr. Jackson. May I further clarify ? To what is your denial be-
ing entered ? It is being entered to this exhibit. It seems to me that
in order to make the complete record, it is necessary to show on what
the allegation was founded, and then enter against that the denial of
your association with the organization. In that particular it is
important.
Mr. Velde. Without objection the matter will be so incorporated. 9
Mr. Kunzig. We turn to the Medical Bureau and North American
Committee To Aid Spanish Democracy. 10 This was 1938 and 1939,
and I believe you referred to this earlier. These are letterheads of the
Medical Bureau and North American Committee To Aid Spanish
Democracy, dated July 6, 1938, and February 2, 1939, which lists
the name of G. Bromley Oxnam as a national sponsor, and I believe
you answer — you may prefer to answer yourself here, if you wish,
sir. Were you ever a national sponsor? (See Oxnam exhibit Nos. 19
and 20, pp. 3669 and 3670.)
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, I have explained that when the
Spanish people sought the freedom that we possess, I was in complete
sympathy with the endeavor of those people to become free. I think
every American will understand that. Several committees were or-
ganized to aid them, just as at present I am a member of Congress-
man Judd's Committee To Aid the Intellectuals in China. If some
Chinese should some day be proved to be a Communist who has been
aided by Congressman Judd's committee, I suppose some committee
20 years from now might be having somebody up asking about that.
Now, in this matter there was an interfaith division of what was
9 The National Federation for Constitutional Liberties was cited as Communist by
Attorney General Tom Clark in letters to the Loyalty Review Board, reelased Dec. 4, 1947,
and Sept. 21, 1948 : by Attorney General Francis Biddle. in the Congressional Record,
Sept. 24, 1942, p. 7687 ; by the Special Committee on Un-American Activities in its reports
of Mar 29. 1944, p. 50, June 25. 1942. p. 20. and Jan. 2, 1943, pp. 9 and 12: by the con-
gressional Committee on Un-American Activities in its report No. 1115, Sept. 2, i947 p. 3:
and bv the California committee on un-American activities in its 194S report, pp. 201
and 327.
The National Federation for Constitutional Liberties was described by former Attorney
General Biddle, in a memorandum reprinted in the Congressional Record of Sept. 24. 1942,
p. 7687 as "part of what Lenin called the solar system of organizations, ostensibly having
no connection with the Communist Party, by which Communists attempt to create sym-
pathizers and supporters of their program among those who would never affiliate them-
selves openly with the party. Membership in the national federation or its affiliates like-
wise consists of those sympathetic to the stated aims of the organization, who may or may
not be aware of its Communist control, as well as party members and fellow travelers.
"* * * in a pamphlet issued by the national federation it is stated that it was organized
to coordinate several existing organizations concerned with the preservation and further
realization of democratic rights as guaranteed by the Constitution. * * * Its method of
operation, like that of International Labor Defense, the legal-aid arm of the Communist
Party with which it is closely affiliated, is the creation of special committees for specific
cases.
"In one of its publications the federation states that it was founded because our con-
stitutional guaranties are in clanger: as individuals we are powerless, but all together we
are strong. * * * It demands the end of the Gestapo activities of the Federal Bureau
of Investigation and the abolition of the Dies committee.
"* * * Most of the national sponsors and most of the national executive committee
and many of the local heads of the federation are leaders of Communist organizations or
are prominently identified with Communist activities.
"The activities of the national federation have been manifest chiefly in the various
committees specially created for the defense of certain individuals. The defenses of Com-
munist leaders such as Sam Darcy and Robert Wood, party secretaries for Pennsylvania
and Oklahoma, have been major efforts of the federation. * * *"
10 The Medical Bureau and North American Committee To Aid Spanish Democracy was
cited as a Communist front by the Special Committee on Un-American Activities In its
report of March 29. 1944 p. 82. The committee said : "In 1937-38, the Communist Party
threw itself wholeheartedly into the campaign for the support of the Spanish Loyalist
cause, recruiting men and organizing multifarious so-called relief organizations." Among
these organizations, said the committee, was the Medical Bureau and North American
Committee To Aid Spanish Democracy.
The organization was also cited as a Communist front by the California Committee on
Un-American Activities, 1948 report, pp. 319, 335, and 336 : the Massachusetts House
Committee on Un-American Activities, 1938 report, pp. 394 and 395 : and the Special Sub-
committee of the House Committee on Appropriations, report of April 21, 1943, p. 3.
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3653
called the American Committee for Spanish Freedom. I did belong
to that. I despised Franco and that entire regime just as I did Stalin
and do the regimes in Russia today.
Now, in the matter of sending medical aid to these people, I have
no apology for that whatsoever. I did belong, and I find that other
individuals such as Norman Vincent Peale — Dr. Peale was a member
of the same committee. We thought we were in a good humanitarian
organization and were doing our best to help what we thought to be
a worthy cause. Now, then
Mr. Scherer. May I interrupt just a minute, Mr. Chairman?
Mr. Velde. Yes.
Mr. Scherer. You say you thought. Have you found out since
that it was a Communist-front organization?
Bishop Oxnam. I found out subsequently this, that an organiza-
tion — this was dated November 7, 1946, which was titled the "Action
Committee To Free Spain Now'" — picked up these other organiza-
tions, such as the American Committee for Spanish Freedom, and
listed on the back of this letterhead these organizations which included
my name. Immediately upon seeing that I wrote this letter: "Will
you be good enough to withdraw my name from the list of sponsors.
I have just received your letter of November 7."'
Now, being in an organization that we believed to be following a
worthy purpose, and there were distinguished individuals in it — I
mentioned the name of one of them — the moment that one became
aware — and that was evident to me because there was reference here
to the Veterans of the Lincoln Brigade, which I think was tied up in
the Communist movement. I resigned from it. I have no apologies
whatsoever for belonging to organizations whose purposes were be-
lieved to be proper in the interests of serving people who were en-
gaged in what I think to be an endeavor to become free. I am very
sorry that Communists have sought to infiltrate those organizations.
We have to be on the alert, but bringing these matters in years after-
ward, adding them up one after another, I am afraid, is giving an
incorrect impression of what my particular position is. I appreciate,
however, the opportunity, sir, to testify on this matter.
Mr. Clardy. May I interpose a question ?
Mr. Velde. Mr. Clardy.
Mr. Clardy. Bishop, I am prompted to remark in connection with
that that I, too, was approached to enter those organizations at the
time. I had no difficulty whatsoever in recognizing them because it
was in the public press that they were Communist in origin, and I did
not join.
Now, that is the point I have been trying to make all along. This
committee and its membership can serve a useful purpose because some
of us do have, I think, a little bit better perception of what is going on
behind the scenes than others.
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, I appreciate Mr. Clardy's state-
ment. Some of us would like to have opportunity some day to tell
what we have been doing in getting at the causes of communism, seeking
to remove those causes around the world. There is a common service
that can be rendered, I grant you that, but I do not want anybody to
think that we were a group of people who somehow could not under-
stand a situation of this kind, men like Norman Vincent Peale and
3654 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
others. I do not frankly think this Spanish freedom matter and inter-
faith was a matter of common knowledge, sir, at that time. If so, you
had information I did not have, and I am glad you had it.
Mr. Clardy. It was in Michigan, anyway.
Mr. Kunzig. I should like to offer into evidence Oxnam exhibits
17 and 18 which were from the previous group that we mentioned
which I did not offer into evidence.
Bishop Oxnam. May I ask what these are?
Mr. Velde. Will you exhibit them ?
Mr. Kunzig. Yes, sir. I will show them to you.
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, I do not recognize this at all. I
have not seen it. It is going into the record
Mr. Kunzig. Look at it very carefully. This is the National Fed-
eration for Constitutional Liberties which we discussed a few moments
ago. We discussed the documents and I did not at that time off er them
into evidence, and I am offering them now.
Mr. Doyle. Of course, Mr. Chairman, may I make this observa-
tion
Mr. Velde. Just a minute while the witness examines this — if you
will, please, Mr. Doyle.
Mr. Doyle. I am sure he ought to have every opportunity to examine
them.
Mr. Kunzig. He can look at any document, Mr. Doyle, at any time.
Bishop Oxnam. Well, I testified I had no relation to this organiza-
tion, and I take it I can save the time, Mr. Chairman, by returning
this. I have never seen this to my best knowledge, and I am certain
I never saw that.
Mr. Kunzig. These are the two messages
Mr. Velde. The Chair recognizes the gentleman from California.
Mr. Doyle. On account of the acoustics again at this end of the
committee, I am not sure, Bishop Oxnam, but I thought I heard you
say something about you presently being on a committee that is helping
some group in Red China. Did I hear you so to state?
Bishop Oxnam. No, sir. What I said was that Congressman Judd,
one of the Members of Congress at the present time, has organized
a committee to aid Chinese intellectuals who are refugees from the
present regime in China. I am a member of that executive committee.
I have not had an opportunity to attend the meetings but have read
their minutes. It has nothing to do, sir, with Red China except
refugees from Red China.
Mr. Velde. At this point we have had another call from the House^
and the committee will recess for 30 minutes.
(Whereupon, at 5:15 p. m., the hearing recessed to 6:05 p. m.,
during which time Representative Francis E. Walter entered the hear-
ing room.)
Mr. Velde. The committee will be in order.
The Chair would like to make an announcement. Due to the fact
that we have had three rollcalls on the House floor today, our sched-
ule has been interrupted. Counsel for the witness has to leave to-
morrow afternoon for Europe, so we will proceed until 7 o'clock and
take a recess for 1 hour, until 8 o'clock, and then attempt to finish our
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
3655
hearing before midnight, at least, I hope. Is that satisfactory with
the witness and counsel? . .-
Bishop Oxnam. That is quite satisfactory with me, sir. 1 trust it is
with Mr. Parlin.
Mr. Parlin. Mr. Chairman, I appreciate very much your courtesy
in this matter.
Mr. Velde. Proceed, Mr. Counsel.
Mr Kunzig. Mr. Chairman, during the recess I conferred with
counsel for the Bishop and also with the witness personally, and he
stated that he wished to put in the record a comment to the effect that
Wendell Willkie had also contributed to one of these magazines and
also put in the article on Monsignor Sheen. I respectfully request,
sir at this time that the witness be permitted to make a statement to
that effect and give these to me, and I shall offer them into evidence
Mr Velde. Mr. Counsel, of course this is irrelevant material to this
hearing but in all fairness to the witness I suppose that we should
allow this to be inserted in the record at this point. (See Oxnam ex-
hibit No. 22, pp. 3681 to 3685.) , ,,.,., . ,„.
Mr. Clardy. Mr. Chairman, may I inquire what it is he is talking
about? I cannot understand. What is the article?
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, you requested me to explain it, and
I think I can. You recall that the counsel referred to an article that
I had written for the Protestant Digest. He announced the topic.
The topic, unfortunately, gives an erroneous opinion— m fact, it was
not my topic. It was the topic of an editor. The title was "Monsi-
o-nor Sheen and Clerical Fascism." There is nothing in this article
that suggests directly or indirectly that Monsignor Sheen is a Fascist
or a Fascist sympathizer. It deals with an entirely different matter,
and I would very much like, since the counsel made reference to this,
to have the article itself appear in the record which is a respectful
approach to a distinguished leader of the church concerning a pro-
posal he made relative to a world court, and I also would like to have
on record that in the Protestant Wendell Willkie also contributed
an article, and it makes it a little more clear why some others might
have contributed an article. That is a request,
Mr. Velde. Without objection those two articles will be admitted
into the record. Those two articles are printed material and public
information; are they not?
Bishop Oxnam. This is in a bound volume. I will have to have it
photostated for you, if I may, because I have all my other articles in it.
Mr. Velde. Are there two articles ?
Mr. Kunzig. One is an article? Is that correct ?
Bishop Oxnam. One is an article. The other, I do not even know
what Mr. Willkie said.
Mr. Velde. That will be marked "Oxnam Exhibit No. 22."
Bishop Oxnam. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman.
(The article referred to was received in evidence as Oxnam exhibit
22.) u
Mr. Kunzig. At this time, Mr. Chairman, I should like to offer
into evidence Oxnam exhibits Nos. 17 and 18, which are several points
11 Oxnam Exhibit No. 22 appears in numerical order.
3656 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
back prior to the last break, but I want to get them in the record. It is
the same type of document that we have had going along — documents
which we have discussed and which should be in the record because we
have discussed them back and forth.
Mr. Velde. Without objection, they will be admitted.
Mr. Moulder. Mr. Chairman, it is with the understanding that
Bishop Oxnam denies having any knowledge of his name being used
in that connection.
Mr. Kunzig. Yes ; I think the record is clear on that point.
Mr. Velde. Is there objection, Mr. Jackson? If not, they will be
admitted.
(The two messages referred to were received in evidence as Oxnam
exhibits Nos. 17 and 18.)
Mr. Velde. Proceed, Mr. Counsel.
Mr. Kunzig. We were talking, I believe, before the last call, about
the Medical Bureau and North American Committee to Aid Spanish
Democracy, and also you then discussed and yourself mentioned a
more modern Spanish situation of 1946 in which your name was used
improperly.
Bishop Oxnam. Quite.
Mr. Kunzig. I want to hand you Oxnam exhibits Nos. 19 and 20,
which have to do with this Medical Bureau and North American Com-
mittee, so that you may see the documents, and I want the record to be
clear, since we have broken in between here and had a recess, that you, I
believe, stated that you authorized your name to be used but subse-
quently resigned when it became apparent to you that the organization
was other than what you had thought.
Bishop Oxnam. The Medical Bureau and North American Com-
mittee, and so on, I tried to explain earlier. I believe I was a sponsor
of the organization. My recollection is that this was one of the first
organizations to drive Communists out. I think Mr. Roger Baldwin
led a movement to insist that there be no Communists allowed in the
organization. I may be wrong. I was a sponsor.
Mr. Kunzig. I offer in evidence these documents marked "Oxnam
Exhibits Nos. 19 and 20," sir.
Mr. Velde. Without objection, the documents will be introduced
in evidence at this point.
(The documents, letterheads of the Medical Bureau and North
American Committee to Aid Spanish Democracy were received in evi-
dence as Oxnam exhibits Nos. 19 and 20.)
Mr. Kunzig. Sir, the American Committee for Spanish Freedom "
is another one of the organizations which was listed in this com-
mittee
Bishop Oxnam. I think I referred to that; did I not? I think
that is the organization I referred to.
12 The American Committee for Spanish Freedom was cited as Communist by Attorney-
General Tom Clark, in a letter to the Loyalty Review Board released April 27," 1949L
The California Committee on Un-American Activitis in its 1948 report, p. 125, stated
that "the American Committee for Spanish Freedom, which was avowedly organized in
July 1944. to fight for legislation ending American diplomatic relations with Spain and
supplying American military aid for a Spanish revolution."
* * * The national offices of this organization are located at 55 West 42d Street, New-
York City (p. 115). "* * * the key position of this Communist front is held by a member
of the Communist Party. Allen Chase is the secretary. In 1936 Allen Chase was a can-
didate for Congress in New York on the Communist Party ticket."
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3657
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 17
(Part 1)
NATIONM, FEBOMION FOR CONSTUUXICNAL L18ERTS.ES tice-r'cc:- 26, 1941.
1.400 t St., Ml* Washington. DC - HA.tior.zl 7720
Saolarlag that ■aafaat af Jaatai as* Mar Ade urtMtl will r*t«lN tfcat
e*aplata amity of our paopla anion today i« « ranll*/", MS jlwlMrt Aamriaea*
iipa*< a* opaa lattar to too Praal&eet Mi taa Cor *ro»* »f tit* Quito* Itotoa oaatfaiag
sanding astl-labor laglalatloa at *a Aire tfcrtat to this aaaoatlal «i«r* 1* «*« •*-
nouaead today *7 *«• Matioanl fttAaratloa ?&r Oaaatttotlaaal LlWrtlaa.
fha aignara aaderaad tha otUU| >r the rraaldoot af tha laker - ibdaafery
ooafarwnoa anion raaohod as ipw it a* fadeaaday beaaiag atrttoa ks laa fcaa ta for
\h» duratloa of tba war aad rubaitUas all lafeer dlaputoa to aattlaasat ay panaaful
In ralaaaing tha liat of algaars, Oeorg* Marahall, ft — Ohal i— of tha
Tadaratloa polatod out that daaplt* tha labor - laduotry a ayaa a an t a blac af anti-
labor •anatore haro ranawad their caarpelga for anactaaat of rapraaalwa lagiclatlrc.
*Th« egTtaooct raaohad by tha eoafaranea ta aa lnportoBt oostri button to
national unity* , Mr. Marahall aaid. *tba eoetlasad lnalataaoa upon aaaaaga af ra-
praatlwa laglilntloa lapai-llc that unity.*
Tha opaa lattar atatat la parti
'...Aaarlea aaada aa aavar bafora tha evict- will lug. whalaaaartad
cooperation of its workara....
•fa caanot forgat th p t one of tha flrat atopa la tha coning of ternea
and Itcllaa f&asiaa cm tha paeeage of act I -laker legislation aladlar
to that aow being considered In tha Congrats of tha Ualtad Statea.
"All of thaaa proposal* raaora, la warylng dagraa, labor's freedom) ta
arrlwa wolvatarily at agreeaante coTsrlag eapleya r eaployaa relatlaaa.
Thara la Dot ona of thaaa aatl-labor bills which doaa not take aanp
aoaa of tha hard aarnad rlghte of Aaerloaa working Baa and wean*.*
Aaong tha 362 eigne re of tha lattar warai
Lawraaea Tlbbett, Metropolitan Opaim atari
Bishop 6. Bromley Cxivam of U>e Me toed let Csuroh. Boston:
Carl van ooraa, editor)
Dr. Sophoefteba P. Bracklarldga, former praaldaat, Aaerleaa Aean. a*
Schoela of Social work'
Ooaatee Oullea, poat;
Mlse Oonataaea Blddle, of Philadelphia!
Sr. frasi Boas, anthropologist;
1 s-rlng Caaaar, eongwrlter;
Daaa C.M. HeOoan, Raw York Onlrerslty;
Miss Katharine Locke, aetraoa:
Dr. Max Larnar, Williams College:
•Judga Loulaa Charlton, Blradn«^iaa, Ala.:
Flatro DIDonato, author;
Or. Mary I. voollay. rraaldaat Bawrltue, Mt. lolyoka Oella«at
Dr. ancrwood tddy, authert
Moaa Mart, playwright:
Maabi Jaoob talnataln, of Chloa«o:
laaatt Oowaa, author:
Dr. Vllllaa A, fallaoa, Traateaat Baarltua, taith Colli cat
taldo Trank, writar.
A aeaplata Hat of tha alfaara la attaeaad.
43620—54 6
3658 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 17
(Part 2)
». ir. *, rieroe iwui, Mperla
SSward Vearhoase, writer, *«* Tork
fc.bert Inm, wlter, En Tork
BsbeT-t Baatl&gs VI ©hole, Vew Tork
Eajtwell Vurawerg, writer, Brooklyn, V.T.
Begvae O'Srloa, writer, Philadelphia, P*.
awj*i« Ow, vlttr, lit Tork
Ih as an t O'flheel, writar, law Tork
Blaine Ova®, %»• Tork
Blehop 0. Broad ay Osaea, Bos too, feit,
ay-ra Page, writer, Sew Tork
Bar. Oeorge L. Pains, Boetoa, Mas*.
Builaa Fatter eon, Chicago. 111.
isrr. Stephen Peebody, Congregational Church, 3an Joee, 0*1 if ,
Dr. galea Peek, Koedolph Macau ffoeen's College, I#achburg, Ya.
Dr. J. 8, Peanepeoker, Dean, Interaouatala Union Coliago, Billings, Montana
anna M.V. PsBnypacker, Philadelphia, Pa.
lljaal C. Perere, Eew Tork
3Unry W. Plakhaa, Vewton Caatra, Mas*.
P. Hewisln Pollock, Tiret Presbyterian Church, Boieaan, Montana
Bev. A. Clayton Powell, Councilman, Hew Tork
Ilaar J. Piudt, Veheler Orovew, Ho.
Phalpa Putaaa, writer, Jeaaloa Plain, Mas*.
Prof. Harrla Praaklla Sail, Oerrett Biblical Institute, Iwittos, 111.
Bar. Francis P. Randall, Beodbridge, Coon.
Br. Bvelyn Baakla, Ljmehburg, ?«.
Dr. DUlwyn T. Batcliff, University of Cincinnati
Prof, waiter Xsutenstrauch, Columbia University
Charlas Bacbt, Xaq., Vew Tork
J.V. Baad, Portland, Oregon
Rebecca Bali, Vaw Tork
Xttoro Balla, playwright, Vew Tork
Dr. Jft»ee Euegeegger, Cincinnati Ooneral Hoapltal
Bertha C. Reynolds, Long Island, Haw Tork
!. H. Reynolds, President, Hendrlx College, Conway, Arkansas.
L. Vlllard Reynolds, Poplar Ridge, H.T.
Prof. Bernard 7. Riest, Runtar College, Haw Tork
Laatar Leake Bllay, Douglaston, L.I., H.T.
Pradarlc I. Binaldo, Loa Angclse, Calif.
Mary V. Blttanhouaa, Brooklyn Bureau of Charitlas, H.T.
Anna Rocheetsr, writar. Saw Tork
Wellington Boa, writar, St. Oeorge, Staten Ialand, H.T.
Paul Boaelne, writar, Chi capo. 111.
Barold J.- Bosa, oongwrlter. Haw Tork
Bev. Clifton Boyward Bote, Danleleon, Conn.
Lillian Boat, Brooklyn, H.T.
Saa Boat, writar, Chicago, 111.
Benry Both, writar, H.T.
Balph H. Bouse, City Missionary Society, Boston, Mais.
Madeline Buthuen, Beverly Hills, Calif.
Belen 0. Sahler, Haw Tork
Dorothy Salnsbury, Vaw Tork
Prof. Philip. L. Schank, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
Rev. A, J. Scher*; Hew Orleans, La.
Paul A. Schilpp, Horthwestern University, Cranston, 111
Pauline 0. Schindler, Los Angeles, Calif.
Prof. Arthur M. Schloslnger, Harvard University, Caabridge, Masa.
Isadora Schneider, writer, New Tork
Prof. T.C. Schnelrla, Hew Tork University
Mark Schorer, Harvard Unlveraty, C»abrldge, Maas.
Dr. Harry Schrlckel, University of Cincinnati.
Irving Schwab, Hew Tork
Or. Carlton T. Seofleld, Buffalo, V.T.
Prof. Pranklln B. Scott, Horthwestsrn University, Bvanston, 111.
Prof, Tlda 0. Seudder, Vellesley Collage
Prof. Lawreaee Sears, Sept. of Philosophy, Ohio feslsyaa University, Delaware, CMo.
Zlltebeth Sessions, Keapden, Mass.
Prank C. Seymour, Lanoastar, Mass.
Prof. Malcola Sharp, Law School, University of Chicago
Sidney Sheldon, Hew Tork
fllmer Shore, V a st Los Angeles, Calif,
S&auel Sillan, writer, Vew Tork
Dr. 1. Donald Sisson, Louisiana State University
Charles Idward Saith, writer, Vew Tork
Dr. Randolph B. Salth, Director, Cooperative School for Taaehera. Vaw Tork
Hev. P. Hastings Snylh, Caabridge, Mass.
Isabel Walker Soule, writer, Bew Tork
C. A. Stanflald, Esq.. Hot Sprints, Arkaaaas.
Barrla Starts, playwright, Vaw Tork.
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3659
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 18
(Part 1)
A Message
to the House of Representatives
January, 1943 sees the birth of a new Congress, the 78th Congress of the United
States. It marks the fourteenth month of our fight for freedom. It heralds the year In
which victory can be won.
The year 1943 can be a victorious one for the people of the United States and far
their allies of the United Nations. In 1943, a united people, of many nations, of diverse
creeds and races, can destroy forever the tyranny and terror of the Axis aggressors.
We can succeed only if we are united We know that we must defeat all who
would divide us. We know that the unity of America, and the unity of America with
its allies, must be complete.
That is why we express our grave concern over the possible renewal of the Dies
Committee by the House of Representatives.
We have observed the divisive workings of the Dies Committee and its chairman.
Martin Dies. It is our belief that, on the basis of its record, the Committee must be ter-
minated, because:
1. The Dies Committee, by allowing itself to become a forum for the proponents of in-
tolerance and hatred, has undermined the very foundations of national unity, and
has violated our pledge that all loyal Americans, irrespective of their racial, relig-
ious or political beliefs shall be united in common struggle against the enemy.
2. The Dies Committee, by continued and repeated attacks on our great ally, the Soviet
Union, has utilized its resources to obstruct the cooperation of the United Nations
which is a prerequisite for victory.
& The Dies Committee has attempted, by its unprincipled and unfounded attacks on
trade unions and their officials, to destroy the American labor movement which is
a vital and decisive factor in the war effort, and which has made the war record of
our free workers the pride of the nation.
4. The Dies Committee not only has deliberately suppressed information concerning
the activities of Nazi cohorts in this country but has gone out of its way to shield
such Axis propagandists as Pelley, Winrod, Viereck, Hudson, Kullgren, Sanctuary,
Edmonson. True, and many others now convicted or under indictment for sedi-
tion by the Government of the United States.
5. The Dies Committee, to hide its flagrant fraternizing with fascists, has utilized its
Congressional prestige to continue an undemocratic, un-American and openly ob-
structionist campaign of vilification against thousands of the staunchest supporters
of the war and of the democratic way of life, and has campaigned equally vie-
3660
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 18
(Part 2)
COUGHLBTS "Social Justice'i
™www K> tnoee wno Government begem a probe at its seditious contonfe)
WILLIAM DUDLEY PELLE Yt
"I founded the Silver Logiton In 1933. contiguous with
the appearance of the so-called New Deal ol the Demo-
cratic administration, at Ashevllle, N. G; to propagan-
dize exactly the «amu principles that Mr. Dies and this
committee at9 engaged In prosecuting right now"
©toe Committ ee Hearing* Volume 12. pp. 7207-8. Feb-
ruary 7. 1940.)
"I subscribe to that so completely . . . with the work
which has been done by the Die* Committee and 1
have expressed It outside in publications— that if Its
work ccntlnues and goes on. the Silver Shirt Legion
stops. We have no more use for 1L" (Heartens, Volume
12. p. 7247J
(Convicted of sedition August 1942. and sentenced to
10 years In prison.)
FRITZ KUHN. Loader ol German American Bund:
"f am In favor of it (the Dies Committee) to be appointed
again and I wish them to get more money." (New YoA
AXIS RAQIO
For many months the short wave monitoring service ol
the Federal Communications Commission recorded and
analyzed all broadcasts emanating from Axis-domi-
nated countries. The Birmingham (Ala.) Age-Herald
reported "The man most frequently and approvingly
quoted (on Nazi propaganda broadcasts) is a man who
* it -it
MARTIN DIES ON FOREIGN POLICY:
"I am as anxious as anyone to see the defeat of Hitler,
and I hope Russia is licked at the same tlmo." (Speech
before the American Institute of Laundering Conven-
Worid-Telearam. Dec. e. 1939 J
has made much of the word 'American.' ... He it (he
roost popular American as far as the Rome^erlln
radios are concerned His name Is Martin Dies
In all their quotations from Mr. Dies, no one has heard
a single criticism of turn by the Axis radio."
Bon. October 19, 1941, reported In Cleveland
Dealer. October 20, 194U
Sponsored by the
National Federation for Constitutional Liberties
1 1 M feeedncr/, Hmt Teds. If. y. 1400 t
January, 1943
Sweet R.W. Wosfctaatoe, ft a
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
3661
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 18
(Part 3)
I hereby Join In tlqnlng the Jowory. 1943 "Mossof « to fie Hoiso of Heprosento.
flvos," oppotlng renewal of fho Diet Committee;
THE FOLLOWING HAVE SISNEO THE MESSAGE AS INOfViOUAU.
ORGANIZATIONS AM LISTED FOR IDENTIFICATION OWLY.
OR. HAROLD AARON. N.« Yorl. N. T.
REV. RALPH C. ABELE, St. Loui.. Mo.
REV. CHARLES I. ACKLEY. New Yort N. Y.
LOUIS ADAMIC. —iter. Milford. N. J.
COMFORT A. AOAMS, Consulting Engineer.
Philadelphia. Pa.
SAMUEL HOPKINS AOAMS. author. Auburn.
N. Y.
6EOR6E P. AOAMS. Profeiior of Philoiophy,
Univenlty of California. Berkeley. Calif.
THOMAS ADDIS. Profanor of Medicine. Stan-
ford University. San Fronciico. Calif.
EVELYN AOLER. Director War Activities
United Offlca 4 Profeiilonol Worker! of
A.narlca. Naw York. N. Y.
REV. EDWIN E. AIKEN. JR.. Lynn. Mau.
REV. GROSS W. ALEXANDER. Lyndhunt
Melhodiit Church, Lyndhunt. N. J.
EDWARD S. ALLEN, lo-a Stata College.
FAY E. ALLEN, Mambnr Cry Board of Educa-
tion, loi Angelas. Calif.
JAMES ESERT ALLEN. President. N. Y. Stata
Conference. N A.A.C.P.. No- York. N. Y.
REV. WILBUR C. ALLEN. Ebana:ar Preibytarlan
Church. Kimball. W. Vn.
GORDON W. ALLPORT. P.ofeisor of Piychol-
oqy. Harvard Univanlty. Cambridge. Mall.
REV. PAUL JOHNSON ALLUREO, F.nl Preiby-
tarlan Church. Holly. Mich.
RABBI MICHAEL ALPER. Ne- Yorl. N. Y.
CARL ALPERT. editor. Waihmgton. 0. C.
EARL ALPIGER. Chftoa Unitarian Church Lilt.
Louisville, Ky.
OOROTHY ANDERSON, Office Secy.. Ohio »
Wcitorn Pa. District. Y.W.C.A.. Springfield.
Ohio.
REV. WILLIAM C. ANDERSON, Finl Evangeli-
cal end Reformed Church. Bremen. Ind.
ROBENIA ANTHONY, teacher. Springfield.
Man.
REV. BEDROS K. APELIAN. Fairla-n. N. J
BENJAMIN APPEL. no.ol.it. Ne- Yorl. N. Y.
REV. ELMER J. F. ARNDT, Chairmen. Commit,
t.on on Chriitian Social Act.on. Evangelical
end Reformed Church. Weblter Grovel.
Mo.
LESLIE R. ARNOLO. Chairman. Ne- England
Chapter. Progressive Librarian! - Council.
Boston Mass.
HARRIETTS ASHBROOK. writer. Mitchell. Neb.
REV. CHARLES AUSTIN, The Church of All
Naticns Max Yorl. N. Y.
F. DUKE AVNET, alto-nay. Baltimore. Md.
WAYNE BACKER. National V.ce-Preiident. At-
mciatlon of Inlernoi & Med.cal Student!.
ChlroqO. III.
PEGGY BACON, art.it. Ne- Yorl. N. Y.
DONALD W. BAILEY, Profeiior of Psychology.
Unive-s.ty ol Kansas C.ty. Keniot City. Mo.
ELIZABETH BAKER, Ne- Yorl. N. Y.
FRANK E. BAKER. President. State Teachert
Collage. M,l-eulee. W.i
HELEN CODY BAKER, -riter. Chicago. III.
JAMES F. BALDWIN, Profeiior Emeritus, Vaitar
College. Poughleepsle. N. Y.
REV. ARCHEY 0. BALL. Haclemecl. N. J.
REV. LEE H. BALL. Mathodiit Church. Lake
Mehopac. N. Y.
REV. ALBERT H. IALLER. Mathodiit Congre-
gatlonel United Church. Durham. Conn.
MARTHA H. IALMER. teacher. Portland. Ore.
REV. ROBERT W. 8ANGALL. St. Taomel - Epls-
copal Church. Philadelphia. Pa.
UV. WILLIAM IARLEN. Middletowa Springs,
Vermont.
i. L M. BARLOW. Praiident. Citisens Commit-
tee for the Artt. Ne- Yorl. N. Y.
A3RIAAN J. BARNOUW, Professor. Coiumb-t
University, New YoH. N. V.
REV. NORMAN B. 3AR». Minister Emeritus,
Chicoqo Pretbytery. Chicago. III.
JOHN RARROW. libraries. Beree College.
Bi.ee Ky.
UONEL C. BARROW. Pretidenl. N. Y. Breach.
N».C.P.. Ne- Yorl, N. Y.
JOHN BARTEE. International Repretentative.
United Automob.le Worlen. Indionapolis.
Ind. , . .
REV. JOSEPH BARTH. Vice Prei.dent. Un.ter.ee
Fello.ihip for Social Juil.ca. Miami. Fla.
REV. MARSHALL E. BARTHOLOMEW, Pretby-
terlan Church, Mamlield. Pa.
DR. PAUL J. BAUERBSRG. Yonla.l. N. Y.
HOWARD BAY, icenic deiiqnor. Ne- Yorl.
N. Y.
JOSEPH WARREN BEACH. Profeiior of Eng-
l.sh University of Minneiola. Mlnneapol.l.
IESSYE J. BEAROEN. Nationel T.aaiurer. The
Counc.l of Negro Women of America. Ne-
Yorl. N. Y.
MAX BEDACHT. Gen,„l Secretory. Interne-
t.onel Worlen Order. Na« Yorl. N. Y.
REV. C. HARRISON BECKER. Fint Preibyterian
Church. Morrlton. III.
ALICE S. BELESTER, Chairmen. United Con-
ference on High Colt of Living
REV. O. W. BELL. Melhodiit Church. New
London. Conn.
THOMAS BELL, outhor. 8-oollyn. N. Y.
GRAY BEMIS. E.ecutlve Sec, . South California
Diitrict. International Worlen Order. Lot
Anqelal. Calif.
WILLIAM ROSE BENET. Associate Editor. Sat.
urdoy Revle- of Literature. Ne- Yorl. N.Y.
MRS. HAROLD BENJAMIN, Na'onal Social
Slud.ei Commlttco. A.A.U.W.. College Perl.
Md.
DEAN HAROLD BENJAMIN. College of Edu-
cation. Uni vanity of Maryland. Collage Perl.
Md. •
JOHN C. BENNETT. Profeiior. Pacific School
of Religion. 8erkoloy. Cel.f.
REV. S. R. BENNETT. Pint Uni-eneUtt CWch.
Fkjin, III
ELMER A. BENSON. Appleton. Minn.
R. W. BERGSTROM. Butlneii Ageni. Local
1139. United Electrical. Radio I Machine
Wo.lert of Americe. Mmnoopol.l. Minn.
ALVAH BESSIE. -Iter. Ne- Yorl. N. Y.
MARY MCLEOD BETHUNE. Preiidanl. Na-
tlonal Council ol Negro Women. WeiUnq-
ton. 0. C.
OOROTHY BETHURUW. Profr-ssor of Engliih.
Cnnnrrllcut College. No- London. Conn.
OR. HENRY LAMBERT BIBBY. Kingiton. N. Y.
JOHN BICKNELL. Canton N. Y.
CONSTANCE E. BIOOLE. Bryn Mi... Pa.
RAY A. BILLINGTON. Profeiior of American
Hiilory. Smith College. Northampton. Mall.
OR. CARL A. L BINGER. N,« Yorl. N. Y.
CLARIDA G. BINGER. teocher, Ne- Yorl. N. Y.
RAYMONO T. URGE. Chairmen. Depl. of
Physici. Univenlty of Oolifomia. Berkeley-
Calif.
OR. K. A. 1ISHARA, Head of the Syrian Prof-
eitenl Church of Greater Ne- Yo-l. Brool-
lyn. N. Y.
IVAN BLACK, public relatloni counsel. New
Yorl. N. Y.
ALICE STONE BLACKWHl. Cambridge. M.u.
DR. HOWARD W. BLAKE. Ne- Yorl. N. Y.
REV. MYLES 0. BLANCHARO, Coagragetionel
Church. Lilbon. N. H.
TAYLOR BLEDSOE, attorney. Atheville. N. C.
RABBI MAURICE J. BLOOM. Temple Beta
Jeeob. Newburgh. N. Y.
». E. BLOUNT, retired teechar. Oel Pert. HI.
OR. GEORGE BLUMER. Prafeeeo- Emavitm,
Yale Medical School. Peeeden*. Calif
JOHN M. BtY. Registrar. St. Olaf
Northf.eld. Minn.
OR. ERNST t. BOAS. Ne- Yorl. N. Y.
IART J. BOK. Aliociate Profeiior of .
omy. Harvard Uoivertity. Cembridge. Mem
JOHN W. BOLLINGER. President. Feiraeve
Union L.vettocl Commiuioo Co, Flaamjr.
N D.
OEAN AHVA J. C BONO. Alfred Urvvevsily
School of Theology. Alfred. N. Y.
HUGH A. BONE. Instructor in Gove™ meet.
Oueem College. Baytida. N. Y.
EDWARD H. BONSALL. JR, Advitor. Oiriitiee
Youth Council of Jo-a. Fairfield, lowe.
REV. LESTER L BOOBAR. Fi.it Method!!*
Ourch. Banqor. Melne
PHILIP H. BOOTHROYD. President. LeneJe-
Co Locel. Farmers Educational and Coop-
erative Union of Colorado. Lo.eland. Colo.
ALLEN BORETZ. -riter. Wett Lot Aogelee.
Calif.
EDWIN G. BORING. Profeiior of Plychology.
Harvard University. Cembrldqe. Men.
LOUIS 8. BOUOIN. atlornay. Na- Yorl. N. Y.
JEAN I. BOWIE (M.t. W. Rutiell). New Ycu*.
N. Y.
RICHARD O. BOYER. -riter. New Yorl. N. Y.
BAYARD BOYESEN. -'iter. Winchelter. N. H.
REV. DWIGHT J. BRADLEY. Director. Covad!
for So-.ol Action. Ne- Yorl. N. Y.
FREDERICK D. BRAMHALL. Profeiior of Po-
I. Ileal Science. Univenlty of Colorado.
Boulder Colorado
MARY E. BRANCH. Proiidant. T.llotioa Col-
lena. Austin. Teias
MRS. LOUIS D. BRANDEIS, Waihington. 0. C
BLAILSFORO R. BRAZEAL. Chairmen. Depe»«-
liwat of Economics. Mo.ehouie Collage.
Atlanta. Georgia.
ROY BRAZELL. Secretary. Fermer« Uakua.
No. 641. Volqa. S. D.
SOPHONISBA P. BRECKENRIOGE. Profeuor
r.f Public Welfare. School of Social Service
Admmnt.etinn, Univenlty of Chicago. Clii-
-aqo. III.
WILLIAM BRECKSTONE. chamiil. New Yoal.
N Y.
JOSEPH BRESSLER. Attiitant Profeuor. Brook-
lyn Colloqe. B-oollyn. N. Y.
JAMES L. BREWER. P^cheiter Bar Aiiociatioa,
R^rhcs'-r. N. Y.
OR. OOROTHY BREWSTER. New Yorl. N. Y.
JOHN BRIDGE. Professor. College of the City
~f Ne- to.l. Ne- Yorl. N Y.
SAMUEL HUGH BROCKUNIER, Profeuor of
H.slory. W.n,n Unlvartity. Middlerowa.
Conn.
JOSEPH R. BROOSKY, Counsel. Intemetiofiel
Wo-lo-s O.dor. No- Yorl. N. Y.
J. E. BROLINE, State Board Member. Sowta
Dakota Fa— e-i Union. Winner. S. 0.
JEROME E. BROOKS, editor. No- Yorl. N. Y.
VAN WYCK BROOKS, writer. Weltport. Conn.
CHARLES E. BROUGHTON, ed.tor. Sheboyoyja.
Wii
JULE BROUSSEAU. novellil. New Yorl. N. Y.
OR. CHARLOTTE HAWKINS BROWN. Prees-
dert Palmar Institute. Sadalla. N. C
DR. ESTHER LUCILE BROWN, Ruuell Sauae
Foundation. Na- Yorl. N. Y.
OR. GEORGE L BROWN, Chairmen. Safveoe
Comm.ltee. Paulsbora. N. J.
HAROLD BROWN, Secy.-Trees, Moetayae
Farmers Union. Greet Fells. Moat.
HAROLD CHAPMAN BROWN. Prates** of
Philosophy. Stanford University, Palo AJ*x
Calif.
OR. SARA W. BROWN. Weshiagtse, D. C
ALHEO A. BROWNE. Editor. HtkoSete I
Hillside. N. Y.
3662
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 18
(Part 4)
PI. J. WUCt, Managing Editor. T»e S ofto *!
Vokeo, Wel.ne. Montene
BDMUND Dt S. BRUNNER, Profeuo. of So-
ciology. Columbia Un.veaity. Ne. York.
HIANK BRUNO. Vic.-Preiident. T.nn.ue.
Stets CIO. Indultriel Union Council. Mim.
phis. Tenn.
ASHLEY BUCK, author. Na. York.' N. Y.
R1V. EOWIN T. BUEHRER, Third Unitarian
Church. Chiiaqo, III.
E. Z. BURDICK, Dean of Slud.ni, Conneoicut
College. Now London. Conn.
WALTER J.' BURKE, Secy. Trees, Wisconiin
Slot* Industrie! Union Council. Milweukoe.
HENRY M. BURLA&E, Profei.or. Univenity of
North Carolina. Chapel Hill. N. C.
LOWS E. BURNHAM. Orgen.ietionel Socy.
Southern Negro Youth Gongreu. fciirtniru}.
hem, Ala.
JANE BURR. Autho-s' leogue of America. New
York. N. Y.
SAM BURT. Manager. Joint Board of Fur Dress-
oa and Dyon New York. N. Y.
REV. STANARD DOW BUTLER. Harklm.r. H.I.
REV. ELMER W. BUTLER. Congregational
Church. I. mend ligue, N. Y.
WITTER BYNNER. writer. Santa Fa. N. M.
JOHN L. BUYS. Pro'eiior of Biology. St. Law-
rence Univ.rr.ty. Canton. N. Y.
REV. EDWARD A. CAH1LU Fiat Congreg.-
tionel Society. Chelmsford. Mail.
WILLIAM CAHN. Ed-tor. Nowf of Ce*Mctl«rl.
New Haven. Co-n
IVA CAMPBELL, Democratic Stat* Central
Committee. F.r;' Dittrict. Detroit. Mich.
P.EV. FRANCIS C. CaPOZZI. Eplicopal Church.
Wind Gap. Pa.
MORRIS CARNOVStCY, actor. New York. N. Y.
ISABELLA K. CARTER. Ai.ociete Profeuor.
Univartity of North Caroline. Chepe! Hill.
N. C
WILLIAM MORE CASE. Chairman. Narad.
Conference of Jowl and Chrittieni: Chair-
men. Conmiuion oft Religion. Nev. Eco-
nomic "Conference. Reno. Nov.
©. t. CASEY, attorney, Hope. Ark. .
THOMAS E. CASEY. Aniitant Chi.f Conduc-
tor. Order of Railway Conductor!, Division
No. 44. WiKontin.
MARRY M. CASSIOY. Profeuor of Social Wei-
faro. Univartity of California. Barkalay.
Calif.
ZECHARIAH CHAFEf. JR. Profattor of U».
Cambridge. Matt.
CKAS. G. CHAKERCAN. Attiitant Professor of
Economrct, Connecticut College, New Lor-
ROB8RT C" CHAUMAN. Auirfent Profeuor.
Columbia Univeaify. Ne» York. N. Y.
D. W. CHAPMAN. State Preiident. Montane
Forman Union. Greet Felll. Mont.
HON. LOUISE O. CHARLTON, Honorary
Fretident. Southern Conference for Human
Walter*. Krminghem. Ala.
RAMI ELIAS CHARRY. Garmanh»n Jewish
Center. Philadelphie. Pe.
REV. DON M. CHASE, Methodist Church. Red-
ding. Calif.
RUSSELL N. CHASE, Pra-.ldant. Ohio Chapter.
Nattorol Lawyer-. Guild. Cle.el.nd. Ohio.
AlAflN B. CHRISTMAS. Stela Director. Ponn-
tylv'ania Farmert Union. Centerport. Pe.
HAROLD CHRISTOFFEL. Preiident. Allis-Chal-
mea Workort Union. Local 248. United Au-
tomobile Workea. C.I.O.. Wul Allit. Wit.
f»AUl R. CHRISTOPHER. Tenneue* Regional
Director. C.I.O.. Kno.ville. Tann.
fa*. BENJAMIN H. CLARK. Fiat Unitarian
Society. Leconie. N. H.
ELMER C CLARK, Acting Chairman, Calling
Diviiion. International Unlcn of Mine, Mill.
Smelter Worker.. Toledo. Ohio.
REV MERRILL F. CLARKE. Corrgr.get.onal
Chriitien Churchet. New Canaan. Conn.
EARL L CLURA Financial Secretary. Local
IMS. United Electrical. Radio i Mech.no
Worker! of America. Honeywell. Minn.
M, ROBERT COBBLEDICK. Auociat* Profee-
lor of Econom.ci. Connecticut College. New
London, Conn.
CHARLES J. COE. Form Reieerch. New York.
N Y.
GEORGE A. COE. R.lir.d Profettor of Educa-
tion. Cl.remont. Cel.f.
HAROLD G. COFFMAN. Preiident. George
W,ll.a-i College. Chicego. III.
RABBI HENRY COHEN. Galvatton. Tei.i.
DR. LOUIS H. COHEN, Norwich. Conn.
NORMAN F. COLEMAN. Mecelaiter College.
SI. Paul. Minn.
LOUIS COLMAN, Internetionet labor Oefent*.
New Yorl. N. Y.
REV. J. ROSS COLOUHOUN. St. j hn'i Epis-
cop.l Church. Menketo. Minn.
DEAN E. N. COMFORT. Oklahoma School of
Religion, Norman. Okie.
PHILIP W. L. COX, New York Univenity. New
York. N. Y.
REV. C. CLAYTON COMSTOCK. Clyde. N. Y.
EUGENE P. CONNOLLY. Secy.. N. Y. County
Committee, American Labor Party. New
York. N. Y.
REV. E. M. CONOVER. Director. Interdenoml.
national Bureeu of Architecture. New York.
N. Y.
LINCOLN CONSTANCE. Aniitent Professor.
of Botany. Univeaify of Cel.fornia. Berkeley.
C.l.f.
DR. JEROME E. COOK. St. louit. Mo.
REV. GEORGE S. COOKE. Unitarian Church.
Northampton. Mall.
ELIZABETH SPRAGUE COOLIOGE. Petronen
of Muiic. Coolidqe Foundation. Library of
Conqreu Weihlnqton. D. C.
DR. THOMAS B. COOLING. Detroit. Mich.
ESTHER V. COOPER. E.ecutivo Secy.. South-
ern Neo/o Youth Congreu. Birminghem,
Ale.
REV. ORLO C CORBETT. Flet Creek Baptiit
Church. Gilboa. N. Y.
PAUL COREY, author. Cold Springi. N. Y.
GIOVANNI COSTIGAN. P.of.nor. Univenity
of Weihlnqton. Soattle. Waih.
J. A. COTTON, Former Preiident of Knoiville
Co.'loeje. Hendonon. N. C.
FREDERICK A. COUNTS. Aniitant Profauor
of PlychoJoqy. Univenity of Mittouri. Co-
lumble. Mo.
THOMAS L. COWAN. Chairmen. Brooklyn
Elks Civil Libertiei Leaque. Brooklyn. N. Y.
GRACE L COYLE. Clevelend, Ohio.
C M. CRAMLET. Aiiociete Profettor of
Mathemetrci. Unlveaity of Welhlngton.
Seattle. Waih.
REV. FRANK D. CRAKDALL Second Church.
Sola
Ma
REV. HENRY H. CRANE. Central Methodiit
Church. Detroit. Mich.
REV. WILLIAM C. CRAVNER. Church of the
Good Shepherd. York, S. C.
REV. ARTHUR M. CRAWFORD, Aibury Meth-
ods Church. Erie. Pe.
PAUL F. CRESSET. Profeuor of Sociology.
Wheeton College. Norton. Men.
RABBI ABRAHAM CRONBACH. Cincinnati.
Ohio.
EPHRAIM CROSS. Profauor. College of the
City of New York. New York. N. Y.
H. W. CROSS. Vice-Prei.. Comumea Union,
Sprmqfield. Mall.
JOSEPH E. CURRAN, Preiident. National Mari-
time Union. New York. N. Y.
EDWARD ELY CURTIS. Profeuor of Hiltory.
Welleiley Colleoe. Welleiley. Men.
ELIZABETH ARMOUR CURTISS, Lecturer in
Economic* Welleiley College. Welleiley.
Man.
HAZEL MORTON CUSKING, educator.
Spokene. Weih.
GEORGE DAHL, Profeuor of Old Teitoment,
Yale Divinity School, New Heven, Conn.
HENRY W. L. DANA, profeuor. Cambridge,
Man.
REV. JOHN I. DANIEL, Highland Avenue Cor,
qrwgfitiorr.t Church, Orenge. N. J.
MARCIA DAVENPORT, writer, Ne. York. NY.
DR. HAROLD W. DAVEY, labor relation! con.
•ultent. Chicego. III.
JOY DAVIDMAN. poet and novel.it. New York,
N. Y.
FRED d'AVILA. Editor. Baltimore C.I.O. Newt,
Beltlmore. Md.
DAVID DAVIS. Builnen Rep.. Local No. ISS.
United Electrical. Radio t Mechine Work-
on of Amerlce. Phlledelphle. Pa.
REV. EARL C. DAVIS, Petaaham. Mail.
PRANK C. DAVIS, Aniitant Profeuor .of Pry
ctology. Univeriity of California, Lot An-
qcloi. Cel.f.
JOHN W. DAVIS. Preiident, Welt Virginle
State Coll.qe. Initltute, W. Ve.
JOHN P. DAVIS, ettorney. Weihlnqton. D. C
REV. LEWIS H. DAVIS. Seymour Methodiit
Church. Seymour. Conn.
REV. JOHN WARREN DAY. Deen of Grace
Cathedral. Topeke. Ken.
REV. ROBERT B. DAY. Flat Unitarian Church.
Niagara Falls. N. Y.
W. J. DECKER, Secretary. Sen Dieqo Industrial
Union Council. San Diego. Calif.
HUGH DE LACY. President, Wellington Com-
monwealth Federation. Seattle, Waih.
ELEANOR DEMING. retired teacher end cemp
director. New York. N. Y.
HY OENERSTEIN. Organizer. Locel 16. United
OT.ce S Profanlonel Workea of America.
New York. N. Y.
WALTER OENNIS. Fin.Sec'y.. Local 71. United
Steal Worken of Americe. Silver Grove. Ky.
CHESTER MeA. DESTLER. Chelrman. Dept. of
History. Connecticut College, New London,
Conn.
BABETTE DEUTSCH. writer. New York, N. Y.
REV. CHARLES DE VRIES. Flat Unitarian
Chu-ch. Wait Uplon, Mail.
REV. DALE DE WIH, Raglonel Director. Middle
Atlantic Stetei. American Unitarian Ano-
ciation. Now York. N. Y.
REV. JOHN H. DIETRICH. Minister Emeritus.
Fiat Unitarian Society. Minneapolis, Minn.
MARJORIE DILLEY. Anociate Profauor of
Govommant. Connecticut College, New
London, Conn.
GEORGE DILLON, writer end editor. 830th
Signal Service Co.. Ft. Meade. Md.
HEDLEY S. DIMOCK, Dean. George Wllllemt
Colleqe. Chicaoo. III.
W. D. DIZER. Profeuor: Preiident. St. Jamee
Baptiit Young Peoplei' Union. Boiwell. Okie.
BELLA V. DODD. Leiligatlve Rep.. Teacher.'
Union of New York. New York. N. Y.
STANLEY D. DODGE, Anociate Profeuor of
Geography. Univeniry of Michigen, Ann
Arbor. Mich.
OR. WITHERSPOON DODGE. Greeniville Di-
rector. Textile Workers Union of Americe.
Greeniville. S. C.
JAMES A. DOMBROWSKI, Eiec. Secy, South-
ern Conference for Human Welfare. Nash-
villa Tenn.
DR. ARNOLD DONOVAN, dentiil. New York.
N. Y.
ELIZABETH DONNAN, Profeuor of Economics.
Welleiley College. Welleiley. Men.
JULIUS DOUBEK. Secy.. Manitowoc Central
Labor Council, Manitowoc, Wis.
HARL R. DOUGLAS. Unlveaity of Colorado,
Boulder. Colo.
OLIN DOWNES. mullc critic, New York. N. Y.
MURIEL DRAPER, euthor, New York. N. V.
THEODORE DREISER, novel!.'. Hollywood. Col.
DANIEL DRIESEN. Int'l Rep.. Americen Com-
munications Anociatlon, Waihlngton, D. C
REV. WILLIAM H. DUDLEY, Congregational
Church, Homer, N. Y.
REV. HUBERT N. DUKES, First Congregetlonel
Church. Jackion, Mich .
REV. ARTHUR OUMPER. Former Dear, of Trin-
ity Cathedrel. Newerk, N. J.
JOHN OUNN. News Editor. Federated Preev
New York. N. Y.
ZARA DU PONT, Cambridge. Meet.
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
3663
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 18
(Part 5)
REV. M. O. DYKvtss. Our Sovic< s E.engel cjl
Lutheran Church. New York. N. Y.
JCHN OZENIT. businessman. Santa Barbara.
Calif.
HORACE A. EATON. Professor of English.
Syracuse. University. Syracuse. N. Y.
CLYDE EDDY, author. Port Washington. N. Y.
C 6. EOEUN. Pro.ident. Plymouth Local 51,
United Au-c mobile Workers. Oatrolt. Mich.
REV. J. EARLE EDWARDS. Queens Village,
N. Y.
T. L EDWARDS. Hettinger. N. D.
CHARLES D. E6LEY, Mgr.. Farmers Union Live-
stock Commission Co, South St. Paul. Minn.
GILBERT S. EILES, Secy, Central Labor Coun-
cil. Sheboygan. W,,.
NAT EINHORN. E.acui.va Secretory. Nin
popor Guild. Ne. York. N. Y.
ALBERT EINSTEIN. Princaton. N. J.
CLARENCE EXLUND. Buffalo. Wyoming.
MRS. LEWIS A. ELORID6E, Gtaat Nack. L I.
N. Y.
DR. LEWIS A. ELDF.I0GE. .<*.., Greet Nack.
L I.. N. Y.
SEIA ELDRID6E. Professor. University of Kon-
tai. Lawrence. Kama.
REV. FREDERICK M. ELIOT. Unitarian Atiocla-
tlon. Boston. Man.
ALBERT I. EI.KUS. composer; educator; Pro-
feisor of Muilc. Unl.aniry of California.
Be.keley. Calif.
HENRY ELLISON, Fraa Praia Corporation.
Grand Coulaa. Wath.
CHARLES A. ELLWOOD. Profesio. of Sociol-
ogy. Duka University. Durham. N. C.
DR. LEO ELOESSER. Clinical Profauor of Sur-
9ary. Stanford University. Sen Franciico.
Calif.
GECTRUDE ELY. Bryn Mawr. Pa.
EDWIN S. EMBREE. author. Chicago, III.
S. ENEE. Imtructor. Dapt. of Economics, L'r.l-
vanity of California. Lot Angsles, Calif.
PAUL ENGLE. Assistant Profeisor of English.
University of Iowa. Iowa City. io»«.
MRS. ROSS ENSWINGER, Reglstrer. Southarn
Union College. Wadlay. Ala.
ARCHBISHOP WILLIAM ERNEST (JAMES I).
Patriarch. African Orthodox Church, Now
York. N. Y.
HUGO ERNST. General Secy.-Troot, Hotel I
Restaurant Employee. Intamational Alliance
and Bartender. International League of
DEAN ALV'lN E. EVANS. Lew School. Univar-
tity of Kentucky. Leilnqton, Ky.
REV. ARTHUR WALWYN EVANS, Congrege-
tlonal Chu'ch. Rocha.tar. N. Y.
REV. JOHN JARTLE EVERTS. Carnal. N. Y.
REV. THOMAS D. EWING. Wlndermara Pres-
byterien Church, Eeit Cleveland. Ohio.
HENRY PRATT FAIRCHILD, Profe.ior of So-
ciology. N. Y. University. New York. N. Y.
REV. ARTHUR W. EARNUM. St. Mary's Parish.
A.hevllle. N. C.
REV. ALFRED L. FAUST. First Methodist
Church, Richnond Hill. N. Y.
PAUL J. FAY, Profe.ior of Psychology, Da
Pauw University. Greencostle. Ind.
DR. ERNST FEISE, Professor of Medicine. Johns
Hopklm. Baltimore. Md.
RABBI ABRAHAM L FEIN8ERG, Denver. Colo.
REV GEORGE C. FETTER. University Baptist
Church. Minneepolis, Minn.
SARA BARD FIELD, writer and poet. Los Gotoi.
Calif.
JAMES RAY FILES, Chairman. Charter Revision
Committee. Los Anqelej, Celif.
REV. JOHN W. FINDLEY. Univerilty Presby-
terian Church. Purdue University. Wast
Lateyette. Ind.
IRVING FINEMAN, writer. Shafttbury. Vt.
REV WALTER P. FINK. Clifton Unitarian
Church. Loullvllle. Kentucky.
REV. JACOB FISCHER, Clifton Unitarian
Church, Louisville. Kentucky.
H. H. FISHER. Profeftor of History. Stanford
University. -Palo Alto. Calif.
REV. WELLS H. FsTCH, Sacratary, N. Y. Con-
gregational Christian Conference. River-
head. New York.
JAMES L FITZPATRICK. Editor. The Wisconsin
Teacher, Milwaukee. W.i.
ABRAM FLAXER. President, Stete, County a
Municipal Workers of America, New York.
N. Y.
LEON FLEISCHER. NAAC.P. Bridgeport,
Conn.
REV. JOSEPH F. FLETCHER. Church Leegua
for Indu.lriel Democracy. Cincinnati, Ohio.
REV. JOSEPH S. HIPPER. Senior Bishop. Afri-
can MenXodlst Episcopal Church, Atlanta,
Ga.
ELIZABETH GURLEY FLYNN. Secy.. Women's
Committee. Communist Perty, Now York.
N. Y.
MRS. MITCHELL FOLLANSBEE. Illinois' League
of Woman Voters. Evanston, III.
THOMAS FOLEY. Field Organiser. United Elec-
trical. Radio & Mechlne Workers of Amer-
ica. Anoka. Minn.
GUY STANTON FORD. Washington, D. C.
REV. JOHN B. FORSYTH, Rotedale Gardens
Pre.byterian Church. Plymouth. Mich.
BERTHA JOSSELYN FOSS. New York. N. Y.
WALDO FRANK, writer. New York. N. Y.
MITCHELL FRANKLIN. Profe.ior of Law.
Tulana University. New Orleens. La.
GEORGE WILLARD FRASIER. State College.
Greoley. Colo.
ROYAL WILBUR FRANCE. Profeisor of Econ-
nomics Rollins College. Winter Perk. Fla.
ELIZABETH P. FRAZIAR. Religious Educator.
Protestant Episcopal Church. Philadelphia,
Pa.
IRA HENRY FREEMAN, newspapermen. New
York. N. Y.
HARRY W. FREEMAN, attorney. Houston.
Tu.
REV. EDWARD SNIVELY FREY, United Lu-
theren Church, Lemoyne. Pa.
REV. STEPHEN H. FRITCHMAN. Unitarian
Youth Comml.slon, Boston, Mass.
REV. G. SHUBERT FRYE, Presbyterian Church,
Syracuse, N, Y.
EVA WATSON FRYE. Syracuse. N. Y.
LESLIE A, FURLONGS. President. GenW
Alumni Assocletlon of Shaw University,
New York. N. Y.
JAMES L FURRY. Secretary, lerberton Labor
Union. Barberton. Ohio.
WENDELL H. FURRY. Harvard University.
Cambridge. Mass.
WANDA GAG. Au'hor's League, Naw York,
N. Y.
ROBERT F. GALBREATH. New Wilmington. Pa.
W. HORSLEY GANTT. Baltimore. Md.
OR, RUDOLPH GANZ. President. Chicago
Musical Collaaa. Chicago. III.
LEO GALLAGHER, attorney. Los Angelas. Col.
DR. MERRITT G. GARLAND. Chairmen of the
Social Action Committee, E.sei North Asso-
ciation of Congregational Christian
Churches. Bredford. Men.
KATE CRANE GARTZ. Altadena. Celif.
EDWARD W. GELDREICH, Instructor of Psy-
chology, Kansas State Teachers College,
HUGO GELLERT. ertist. New York. N. Y.
W. W. GERMAN -SR., Louisville. Ky.
JAMES J. GIBSON. Ai.ociato Profeisor of
Psychology. Smith College, Northampton,
Mats.- Captain, Air Corps, Flying Training
Command.
REV. CHARLES G. GIRELIUS. Unitarian
Church. Barnaveld. N. Y.
WILLIAM GLAZIER. Research Director. Oil
Workers Organising Campaign, (C.I.O.)
H-uston. Tot.
JOSEPHINE M. GLEASON. Vaster Collage.
Poughkeepsia. N. Y.
ELIOT J. GLESZER. attorney. Civil Rights and
Liberties Committee, National Lawyers
Guild. Hartford. Conn.
HYMAN N. GUCKSTBN. attorney
Lew Committee, N. Y. County AmsaStm
Lebor Perty. New Yost N. Y.
(EN GOLD. President, International Fur t
Loathe-.- Workers Union of U. S. & Canada.
(C.I.O.). Naw York. N. V.
ALFRED G. GOLDBERG, attorney. Milwaukee.
Wis.
DR. ISIDOR GOLDBERG. Louisville. Ky.
DR. MAURICE GOLDBERG. Naw York. N. Y.
ICAIIS GOLDBLATT, Field Representative. In-
ternatonal Longshoremen's and Warehouse-
men's Union. New York. N. Y.
BEN GOLDEN. New York N. Y.
DR. ALEX GOLDMAN. Bron.. N. Y.
LEONARD H. GOLDSMITH, National CIO
Representative. Newark. N. J.
JOSEPH M. GONZALEZ. Morion. Ohio
ERWIN R. GOODENOUGH. Professor of the
H.rsory of Religion, Yele University. Nov
Haver. Conn.
EVERETT W. GOODHUE. Professor. Dartmouth
College. Henover. N. H.
ERNEST GOODMAN, attorney. Detroit. Mich.
WILLYSTINE GOOOSELL. Associate Professor
of Educetlon (retired). Teachers College.
Columbia University. Naw York. N. Y.
R. A. GORDON. Department of Economics.
University of California. Berkeley. Calif.
ESTHER ALLEN GOW. Leegue of Women
Voters, Columbus. Ohio.
REV. GEORGE LORENZO GRAMSS, Beyonna.
N. J.
REV. JOHN C 6RANEERY. Editor. The Eaueck.
pator, San Antonio, Texas,
W. BROOKE GRAVES. Department of Political
Science. Temple University, Philadelphia. Pa.
REV. CHARLES S. GRAY, Methodist Church,
Goylordsvme. Conn.
WILLIAM D. GRAY, Professor of History, Smirk
Collage. Northampton. Mas..
ROWLAND GRAY-SMITH. Professor of Philos-
ophy. Emerson Collaqo. Boston, Mesa.
REV. WALTER F. GREENMAN. Newton. Men.
REV. CORNELIUS G9EENWAY. All Souls Uni-
versalis! Church. Brooklyn. N. Y.
BISHOP J. A. GREGG, Secy, Bishops' Council.
Kansas City. Kan.
REV. W. E. J. 6RETZ. Our Saviour's MntWlrf
Church, Evanston. III.
BENJAMIN O. GRUENKRG, educator. New
York. N. Y.
REV. ALEXANDER J. J. GRUITTER. Episeopel
Church. Toledo. Ohio
OR. RETTINA WARBURG 6WMSOM, New
York, N. Y.
SAMUEL GRUKR. Secy. Stamford IndustrW
Union Council. CIO. Stamford, Corns.
HARRIET GUIGNON. Philadelphia-. Pe.
RALPH H. GUNDLACH, Associate Professor of
Psychology, University of Washington.
Seettle. Wash.
MARY J. GUTHRIE. Professor of Zoology. Uni-
versity of Missouri, Columbia, Me.
J. H. HADLEY, General Chairmen, SAL. Sys-
tem Fadoretion, Brotherhood of Mainte-
nance of Way Employees, Temp*. Fla.
REV. HERMAN J. HAHN, Riverside Salem
Church. Buffalo. N. Y.
RABBI J. L HAHN. Congregation Mt. Sinai
An.hei Emeth. New York. N. Y.
REV. B. FRANK HALL, Control Presbyterian
Church. St. Louis. Mo.
ROYAL G. HALL Professor. Albion College.
Albion. Mich.
DR. MARION FRANKLIN HAM. clergymen,
author. Belmont. Mass.
OR. ALICE HAMILTON. Professor Emorrrev
Harverd University. Hedlyme. Conn.
FRANK H. HANKINS, Northampton. Mast,
L M. HANKS, JR- psychologist. Bennington
College, Bennington. Vt.
ARTHUR J. HANrreY. attorney. AJbwiy. N. Y.
LEWIS R. HARDY. Loulivillei Ky.
CARL A. HAUOUIST. Representative. Mir.
neopolit United Automobile Wcrsevs, CJ.Q,
Minneapolis, Minn.
3664
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 18
(Part 6)
S. RALPH HARLOW, profeuor. S-r.it*. College.
Northampton, Man.
OAWSON M. HARNISH, Secretery of School
Board. Richland. Pa.
LUCIUS C HARPER. E.ecufivo Editor. The
Chicago Defender, Chicago. III.
MRS. ANTON S. HARRINGTON, Schoherie
County Committee. Fa-man Union. N. Y.
Milk Shed. G ltd N. Y.
OR. CHARLES MORGAN HARRIS. Jersey
City, N. J.
OR. 0. L. HARRIS, St. Louis. Mo.
ELAM HARRIS. Clifton Unita-ian Chutch Lilt.
Louisville. Ky.
GERALD HARRIS, President. Alabama Formers
Union, Birmingham. Ala.
M. LAFAYETTE HARRIS. Pratidant. Philander
Smith College. L.ttla Rock. Ark.
MARGUERITE TJADER HARRIS. Editor. Direc-
tion, Darian, Conn.
KOSERT J. HARRIS, Associate Profeuor of
Government. Louisiana State University;
Editor. Journal ef Politic*. Baton Rouge, La.
H. HARRISON, Secy.-Treas. Central Labor
Union. Jefferson City. Mo.
REV. JOSEPH HARTE, St. George's Episcopal
Church, Rochester. N. Y.
0AVI0 L HATCH. Connecticut College. New
London. Conn.
ELMER HAUCK. Secy.Trees. Chein Service
Restaurant Employees Union, Local 42, New
York. N. Y.
KY. EDLER G. HAWKINS. St. Augustine Pret-
byterian Church. New York. N. Y.
ROLAND HAYES, concert artist. BrookliiM,
(XV. TRUMAN L HAYES, Barnstable. Mess.
AUrlE DAVIS HAYS. New York. N. Y.
GEORGE HEDGER. Professor of History. Cin-
cinnati (ranch. A.C.LU. Cincinnati. Ohio.
TRAVIS K. HEORICK. Publicity Director. Oil
Workers Organising Cempaign, C.I.O,
Houston. Teaea.
KV. ARTHUR HSEJL Unitarien Church. North-
field. Matt.
A, J. HEILMAN, aifton Unitarien Church List.
Louisville, Ky.
H.ORIEN HEISER. University of Connoeitcut.
- Norwich; Conn.
*EV. LEONARD HELIE. First Church In Ro»-
bury. Men. Brookllne, Man.
MARION HHLSTERN. President. South Valley
County Farmers Union. Hinaoele. Mont.
WILLIAM KEMP. Clifton Unitarien Church List.
Louisville. Ky.
KV. G. THEODORE HEMFSLMAN, Clifton
Unitarian Church. Louisville. Ky.
CHARLES J. HENDtEY. President. Teachers'
Union of City of New York, New York. N. Y.
MftS. GEORGE T. HENDRIE. Birmingham.
Mich.
ALICE HENDRJCXSON. Secy.. Mllweuke*
Chapter. National Federation for Constitu-
tional Liberties. Milwaukee, Wis.
HARRY E HENSON. taecher. Coldwetee. Mich.
MRS. THOMAS N. HEPBURN. Hertford. Conn.
DR. I. W. HELD. New York. N. Y.
MEL* J. HelNVYTZ. General Representative.
Wisconsin State C.I.O. Milwaukee. Wis.
JEftOME R. HELLEftSTTrlN. attorney. New
York. N. Y.
DONALD HENDERSON. General President.
United Cannery. Agriculture!. Pecking and
Allied Workers of America. Philedelphla. Pe.
AMY HkTWES. Professor of Economies. Mounf
Horyohe College. South Hedley. Man.
CLYDE V. HICMftSON. Sen Antonio. Tesel
HOWARD V. HICKS, Financial Secy. Mascot
Miners Union. Local IBS. Mascot, Tena.
frHsUr M. HICKS. Protector of cngfllK
Swsrthmore C ollege. Swarrhmore, Pa.
ft, A. HICKS. Busmen Repreeeritethre end Secy,
Tree*. Mldoaet District Cornell No. 12,
MineMpolit. Mleo.
fUNLEKCS HEU. Aeeoeie*. fWosaor of
Cms*.
REV. JOHN S. HIGGINS. Gathiemane Eplsco-
oal Chu-ch. M.nnoapolli. Minn.
REV CHARLES A. HILL. Hartford Avenue
Baptist Chu-ch, Oat-oil. Mich.
WALOEMAR B. HILLE. Dl-actor of Music.
Elmhu-lt Collage. Elmhurst. III.
REV. CLIFFORD W. HILLIKER. North Congre-
gational Church, M.ddletown. N. Y.
RANDALL S. HILTON. First Unitarian Church.
Alton. III.
HARRISON S. HIRES, manufacturer. Phile-
delph.a. Pa.
ALFRED HIRSCH. Editor. Wisconsin CIO News.
Milwaukee. Wis.
IRA A. HOBART, American Legion Post S7«.
of Cooporstown Dept.. Burlington Flats. NY.
THAYER KOBSON. publisher. New York, N. Y.
REV. CHESTER E. HODGSON. Newark. N. J.
(CATHERINE HOFFMAN, Adminiitrstlva Secy.,
Greater Newark Industrial Union Council.
C.I.O.. Newark. N. J.
REV. FRANK O. HOLMES. Unitarian Church.
Concord. N. H.
REV. D. D. HOLT, Lynchburg. Va.
WILLIAM C. HOUK. Assistant Professor of
Biology. St. Lawrence University. Carlton,
N. Y
CHARLES H. HOUSTON, attorney. Washing.
ton. D. C.
DANIEL HOWARD. Chairman. Connecticut
Conference on Social and Labor Leglsletion.
Windsor. Conn.
REV. GEORGE G. HOWARD. Hackenseck Uni.
tarian Church. Hackemack. N. J.
ARTHUR HOWE. West Orange. N. J.
BEN HOWE. Jackion Heights. Long Island N.Y.
REV. LEE A. HOWE, JR. Onelde Baptist
Church. Oneida. N. Y.
CLARENCE V. HOWELL teacher. New York.
N. Y.
JOHN F. HOYT, Portsmouth, N. H.
LEO HUBERMAN. author. New York. N. Y.
MRS. H. H. HUGGINS. President. Louisiana
Congress Colored Parents and Teachers.
Baton Rouge. La.
LANGSTON HUGHES, author. New York. N.Y.
EDWIN N. HU6HES, librarian, Chicago Teach-
ers College. Chicego, III.
S. O. HUKEE. Farmers Union. Winger, Minn.
J. M. HUNT, professor. Providence. R. I.
LAURENCE F. HUNT, Program Secy. Herlem
YMCA. New York. N. Y.
REV. HAROLD B. HUNTING, clergymen end
euthor. Greenfield. N. H.
ELLSWORTH HUNTINGTON, Professor of
Geography. Yale University. New Haven.
Conn.
MRS. A. W. HUNTON. Brooklyn. N. Y.
W. A. HUNTON. professor, Howerd University:
Stcy.-Trees Council of United Negro Labor
Leaders of Washington. Washington. D. C.
DR. LOUISE M. IN6ERSOLL. Asheville. N. C
FRANCES A. INGWEILLER. National Fermers
Union. New Haven, Mich. a
JOHN ISC Professor of Economic* University
of Kansas. Lawrence. Ken.
ABRAHAM J. ISSERMAN, attorney. Nowerk,
N. J.
REV. HUSH JACK, Northminster Presbyterian
Church. Detroit. Mich.
HULAN E. JACK, Assemblymen, 17 A.D. New
York County. New York. N. Y.
REV. EDGAR 1 JACKSON. Bridgeport, Conn.
REV. F. W. JACKSON. Almond. N. Y.
LOUIS L JAFFE. Profeuor of Lew, University
of Buffalo Law School. Buffalo, N. Y.
REV. W. H. JERNAGIN. Chairmen Executive,
Board. Fraternal Council of Negro Churehee,
Washington. D. C.
GEORGE W. JOEL. Vice-President end Editor.
The Olel Frees, lex. Mew York. N. Y.
REV. KDE A. JOHNSON. Methodist Federa-
tion for Sociel Service. Los Angelas. Calif.
CHARLES S. JOHNSON. Director. Depertnvarrt
of Social Sciences. Flsk University. Nash-
ville. Tenn.
MV. JAMES ft. JOMNJOH. JR. EbeMW
A.M.E. Church. Roanoke, Ve.
VICTOR JOHNSON. Dean of Medlcel Students,
Univeri.ty of Chicago, Chicago. III.
VIENA P. JOHNSON. State Secy.. Mlnnesote
Farmer-Labor Association, St. Paul. Minn.
DAVID D. JONES. P-etldent. Bonnelt College.
Greensboro N. C.
ELSIE VOORHEES JONES. Professor. Ohio
State University. Columbus. Ohio
REV. JOHN PAUL JONES. B-ooHyn. N. Y.
REV. WILLIAM SAFFORD JONES. South Parish,
Portsmouth. N. H.
PAUL JARRICO, —Iter. Hollywood, Calif.
THOMAS JASPER. Assistant Manager. Interna-
tional Fur i Leather Workers Union, I2S.
C.I.O.. Now York. N. Y.
ROBERT JOSEPHY. Vice-President. Local If.
United Office & Professional Workers of
America, New York. N. Y.
HARRY M. JUSTIG, President. Union of Yugo-
slav Americans. New York. N. Y.
REUBEN L KAHN. Director of Clinical Labor*-
lories. University Hospital. University of
Michigan. Ann Arbor. Mich.
ARTHUR KALLET. author. New York. N. Y.
FRANCIS FISHER KANE, former U.S. Attorney.
Eatta-n District of Ponna.. Philadelphia. Pa.
ALEXANDER KAUN. Professor. University of
California. Berkeley. Calif.
MR. 4 MRS. FREDERICK I. KATZ. Roabury.
Conn
WILBUR G. KATZ. Ch.cago, III.
MARIE L KAYSER, Attadana, Calif.
VANT W. KEBKER. Geithersburg, Md.
REV. J. CLYDE KEEGAN. Cody. Wyo.
HELEN KELLER. Wesrport, Conn.
PAUL KELLOGG, editor. New York. N. Y.
MORRIS KEMP, professor. Kansas City. Mo.
EDITH M. KEMPTHORNE, National Secy.
Camp Fire Girls of America. New York. N.Y.
ALBERT J. KENNEDY. University Settlement.
New York. N. Y.
BISHOP PAUL ft. KERN, Methodist Church.
Nashville. Tenn.
DR. LORIN E. KERR, Public Health Admits!*-
trotor. Oberlin. Ohio.
FRANCIS S. KINDER, economist end journalist.
Denver. Colo.
REV. WILLIAM f. KING. Nashville, Tenn.
DR. JOHN A. KINGSBURY. Shady. New York
FREDA KIRCHWEY. Editor, The Merlon. Mew
York. N. Y.
EDWARD C KIRKLAND, professor, Brunswick,
Maine
REV. JAMES KNAFP. All Saints Church. Herri-
son. N. Y.
HAROLD V. KNIGHT. Editor. Nor* Delete
Union Farmer. Jamestown. N. D.
ARTHUR KOBE*, writer. New York. N. Y.
REV. C FRANKLIN KOCH. Lutheran Church
House. New York. N. Y.
HARRY KOGER, International Representative,
United Cennery. Agricultural. Packing ft
Allied Workers of Americe. CIO. Suffolk. Ve.
JULIA CHURCH KOLAR. Woodtide, Long
Island, N. Y.
EUGENE KONECKY. Acting Managing Editor.
Fretomel Outlook. New York. N. Y.
ALFRED KREYMBORG. euthor. New York. N. Y.
REV. ALBERT E. KRISTJANSSON. Uniterien
Church. Blaine. Wesh.
GEORGE D. KUDLER, New York. N. Y.
J. K. KYLE. Chairman. Walworth County Pro-
gressive Committee. Whitewater. Wis.
REV. RALPH E. KYPER. Uniterien Church,
Northampton, Man.
M. S. KNEKLMAN. professor. Pullman. Wesh.
LEONARD LAGEMAN, Secy.-Treel.. Mint,****
State C.I.O. Council, Minneapolis, Minn.
ALEXANDER* LAING. Assistant Librarian, Dart-
mouth College, Henover, N. H.
GRAHAM A. LAING, Protestor of Economic*
California Institute of Technology. Petedenss.
Calif.
EDWARD LAMB. Viee-Prei. National Lawyers
Guild. Toledo. Ohio.
KCV. ALFRED M. LAMftfftT. St. Monica's €•»*>
copel Church. Hartford. Conn.
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
3665
CORLISS LAMONT. euthor end teacher. N «"
fori. NY. ,
MARGARET I. LAMONT. Ne- York. N. Y
REV. WILLIAM E. LAMPE. Sec-e'en, °' ', '
Evanqol.cal and Reformed Church. Ph.la-
OR." WALTER" LANDAUER. Professor of Ge-
netics. University of Connecticut. Vain.
R. 0°HARA LANIER. Acting Piwidwt. Hemp.
SDWARd'lANDON. e.t.st. N.. Yo.k. N V.
REV. WALTER LANPHEAR. Chairmen Repub-
Lean Town Committee. ChepLn Congres-
sional District 2. Chapl.n. Conn.
OR. LINDA B. LANGE (retired). Phile Pe
ALFRED G. LARKE. Secy .-Tree. Great.,
fjjlfolo lndusl..el Union Count, I. C.I.O.. But-
JOHN' F. LARSON. Secy Trees Local 492
United Cennery. Agricultural. Peeking -
Allied Wo'lors Mmneepol.s. M,nn.
O. S. LATHROP. Secy.. Lee County Taipayen
Association. Donnellson. low.
IRA LATIMER. Chicago. III. ....
REV. ROIERT W. LAWSON. Unitarian Church.
OR. CATHARINE' 0. LEALLAD. Ne» York NY
OR. ROBERT WARD LEEPER. piycholog.it.
Eugene. Ore.
REV DUBOIS LE KVRE. Firtl Unitarian
Church Youngsfo-n. Oh,o
J. A. LEIGHTON. Professor Emeritus, Ohio
Stele University. Worthington. Ohio
RABBI EMIL W. LEIPZIGER. N.« Orleen. La.
DR. EMIL LENGYEU Jeckson He.ghti. Long
liland. NY.
WILLIAM ELLERY LEONARD. Profeuor of Eng-
list, University of Wi.con.in. Mad,.on. Wis.
KENNETH LESLIE. Editor. Tit. P.otestent. Ne-
OEAN WALDO E. USSINGER. College of Edu-
cation Wayne University. Detroit. Mich.
MERIDEl LESEUEtt. -'iter Minneapolis. Minn.
RABBI LEE J. LEVINGER. Walla Walla. Wash.
N LEVINSON. Professor. Messechusett, Intti-
' lute of Technology. Cembridge. Mass.
CHARLES G. LE VITA, Editor. City N.-J,
local III. State. County & Munic.pol Work-
er, of Amerce. CIO. Ne- York. N. Y.
GILBERT LEWIS. President. New Cattle County.
Induslr.el Union Council. Wilmington. Del.
REV WILLIAM W. LEWIS. Uniterian Church.
Keen.. N. H.
W. MORRIS LEZENBY. Secy- Atlantic County
Centr.l Labor Union. AFl, Atlantic City.
N. J. , .....
PAUL LIEIMANN. Assistant Professor of Bibli-
cal History. Wellesloy College. Well.sley.
Mess.
IYER C. UNO. Minneapolis. Minn.
KA LINDGREN. Secy. -Trees.. Hennepin County
CIO. Council. Minneapolis. Minn.
SAMUEL McCUNE LINDSAY. N,« York. N Y.
RALPH LINTON. Cheirman. D.pt. of Anthro-
pology. Columbia University. New Yort.
N. Y.
REV. HERMAN J. LION. Marlboro. Mass
EUGENE J. LIPMAN. Hebrew Union College.
Cincinnati. Ohio
PHILIP LOEB. Hn York. NY.
KATHERINE LOCKE, actresi. Nk York N. Y.
REV. HARRY LONGIEY, Episcopal Church,
Charleston. W. Vo.
REV. P. HENRY LOTZ. Methodist Church.
Toulon. III.
MUR1AND R. LOWELL Committeemen. Farm-
erf. Union. New Yort Milt She**. Mjssmi.
N. Y.
UV. EDGAR A. lOWTHSR, Chairmen. Social
Reletiont Commission. Sen Francisco Church
Federetion. Sen Francisco. Calif.
NATALIE LUCCOCK. College Advisor. YWCA,
Weynss University. Detroit. Mich.
JOSEPH LUKOVICH, McKe« Rocks. Pa.
DAVID L tURIE, sociel worke*. Whits) Pleine.
N. V.
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 18
(Part 7)
, FLORENCE H. LUSCOMB. Vice-Chelrm.n.
C'rvil Liberties Union of Massachusetts, t-em-
CLIFFORD T.*MC AVOY. L.q:.l-««. DiweJW.
G-nater N. Y. Industrial Un.on Council. CIO.
Ne- York. N. Y. ,
ELIZABETH MCCAUSLANO. writer and ert
critic Ne- York N. Y.
ELMER MCCLAIN, attorney. Runnymede farm,
CHARLES m!°MC CONN. Dean. Ne- York Uni-
.army Ne- York. N. Y.
REV. F. W. MCCONNELL. Methodist Church.
Cs>UOe' MCDONALD. Rtl. Secy, local 1152.
United Electrical. Red.o & Machine W
ol An
M.<
M <
HOWARD MCKENZIE.
WILLIAM MC FEE. writer. Broolf.eld. Conn.
KEV WM. MCGEE. All Soul. Unitarian Church.
Santa Our Calif.
JAMES H. MCGILL. businessman. Valparaiso.
i-P.esidont. Ne-
York. N. Y.
WILLIAM '"aYEr" MCKINNEY. businessmen.
REV^wTlARD L MCKINSTRY. Nentucket
Unitarian Chu-ch. Nantucket. Mats.
REV. WAITER A. R MCPHERSON Mors*
mere Community Ou'clv Ridg«'iold. N. J.
REV. JOHN A. MACCOLLUM. Walnut Street
Pre.b/terian Church; President. Ph.ladelphie
Housing Association. Philadelphia. Pe.
GEORGE MAC DONALD. President. Hennepin
County Industrial Union Council. Mmneap-
HOWAr'o X MACOONALO. B'oolC.ld. Mess
REV. GEORGE MACKAY, First Congregational
Society Unitarian. Eastport. Maine
OR, GEORGE W. MACKENZIE. Phile, Pa.
MRS. WALTER MADDOCK. Catholic Mission-
ary Clubs. Bismarck. N. D
NORMAN R. F. MAJER. Professor. University
of Michigan. Ann Arbor. M.ch.
T LOUIS MAJORS. International Represent-
live United Electricel. Radio & Machine
Worlers of Americe. Minneapolis. M.nn
I. MALAMUD, Norwich State Hotpitol. Nor-
ALBERT MALTZ. «ril.r. Los Angeles. Calif
DAVID MANDEL. attorney. Perth Amboy. N J.
ARTHUR J. MANDELL, ettornoy. Houston, les.
LEWIS F. MANLY. Medford. Mais
HORACE MANN. Southwest Harbor. Ma.it.
ROSALIE MANNING. Ne- York. NY
REV H E. MANSFIELD. Community Church.
Allenville. Wis.
OR W. H. MANWARING. Professor Emeritus.
'Stanford University. Palo Alto. Calif.
RABII HARRY S. MARGOLIS. Mount Zion
Temple St. Paul. Minn.
HERBERT E. MARKS, music publ.she.. New
York. N Y. „ .
REV. HAROLD P. MARLEY. Unitarian Church.
Dayton. Ohio ,
6EORGE MARSHALL. Chairman. Nat I. Feder-
ation for Conititul.onal L.berties. New York.
JAMES W. MARTIN, professor. Lesington Ky.
REV GEORGE T. MASETOA, Wh.tefi.h. Mont.
KIRTLEY F. MATHER, Professor of Geology.
Harvard University. Cembridge. Mass.
REV. WILLIS 0. MATHIAS. Emmanuel Even-
genical and Reformed Church. Allentown.
F.O.°MATTHIESSEN. Professor. Harvard Uni-
versity. Boston. Mess.
GEORGE MAT1S. Secy.Tr.es. Montgomery
County Farmers Union. N. Y. Milk Shed.
Johnsville. N.Y.
LOWNDES MAURY. attorney. Butt.. Mont.
REV DWIGHT MAWREY, Chenning Memo-
rial Church. N.-port. R. I.
OR. STANLEY MAY. Asocial, Rrofe«c»- «*
Psychology. Univ.nity of Pifttbsirah. PiHV
burgh, Pe. ... ...
REV ROBERT MAYHEW, Grss.nv.ll. Unloa),
Congrag.tional Chwch. G™.nvilU. Main.
REV S ROBERT MAYER-OAXES. Unit™..
Ourch Frovid-nce. R. I.
CONRAD HENRY MEHLMAN. Professor H»
to., of Christianity. Colgate-Rochwlte/
D...n.ty School. Rochester. N. Y.
STEWART MEIGS. President. California ^ Stat.
Board of Ag-.culture. Ca.pinter.a Cal.f.
HENDERSON MELIOTT. V.ce President Farm-
ers Educational and Cooperative Un.on ot
America Penna. Division. Mercersburg, Pa.
DR. KARL MENNINGER. autho.. Topeka. K.».
YEHUDI MENUHIN. v.ol.n.st. Alma. Cal.f.
LEWIS MERRILL. President. Un.ted Offic. »
Professionol Workers of America. New Yort.
REV* HARRY C. MESERVE. Fiat UnitariOT
Chu-ch. BuHalo. N. Y.
CLYOE R. MILLER. Professor. Teachers Colleflss.
Columb.e University. New York. N. Y.
REV. PAYSON MILLER. First Unitarian Soowty
o< Hartford W. Hartford. Conn.
REV. WIIBURN B. MILLER. Fa.'haven Matt
SAUL MILLS. Secy-Treat.. Greater N. Y. In-
dustrial Union Council. CIO. New York. NT-
JACK MINK. Secy.. Washington Industrial
Union Council. Washington. D. C.
PAUL S. MINEAR. Ev.nston. Ill
DR. GEORGE R. MINOT. Professor of Medi-
cine Harvard University. Boston. Mass.
BRUCE MINTON. Washington Editor. Nwer
Messm. Wash.ng'on. D. C
CHARLES MICHAEL MITZEIL Pi»d.«rl.
Pennsylvania Fa-mers Union. Shrewsbury. Pe.
REV ARTHUR NEWELL MOORE. Unitar.an
W.et, of Houlton. Houlton. Maine. .
DOUGLAS MOORE. Prolassor of MuJt
Columbia University. Ne- York. N. Y.
JOHN'f. MOORE. As.ittent Professor of Eng-
lish. Connecticut College. New London.
REV JOSEPH G. MOORE. St. Paul - ! Episcopal
Church. Evensville. Ind.
EDGAR M. MOORMAN, Farm Burwu FsxiK^
lion. BrooH.eld. Mo. ,_ i ,_js
JOHN F. MOORS, senior pertnw (r-hrwd).
Moon & Cabot. Brookline. Mais.
DAVID L. MOOSE. International R.pr«.nta-
tiv. Teitile Workers Union. Lumb-rton. N.C
ELIZABETH MOOS, teacher. Broni. N. V.
REV RICHARD MORFORD. Esacutiv. Sdcy,
United Christian Council for D.mocr»cr»
New York. N. Y.
BERTRAM MORRIS. Assistant Profaasor of
Philosophy. Northwestern Umv.rsity. tv»«»-
FRANK MORRIS. Secy- Hartford Central La-
bor Union. AFL. Hartford. Conn.
FRANK E. MORRIS. Professor of Philosophy.
Connoclicut College. New London. Conn.
ADOLPH MOSER. Cl.fton Unitarian Cnurcfl
List. Anchorage. Ky. .«.--__-,
REV. CHARLES F. MOTT. Methodist Cnurd/.
Grafton. Ohio , ,
REV. WALTER MUELLER. Stanley Consjr-ga-
tional Church. Chathom. N. J.
JAMES MULROONEY. President. Chain Sar-
vi«c R.steurant Employees Union. Lo«l 42.
Ne- York. N. Y.
REV. IRVING R. MURRAY. Unitarian Min.«ter,
to Students in Greeter Boston. Cambridgw,
FREDERICK MYERS. Vice-President. N.tic««J
Maritime Union. New York. N. Y.
REV. SKILLMAN E. MYERS. First Congt-0*;
tionel Society. Unitarian. Burlington. Vt. #
OR. ABRAHAM MYERSON. Boston. Mats.
DR. SAM NELKEN. Norwich Stat. Hospital,
Norwich. Conn.
REV. A. A. NELSON, First Congrswj.«osvJ
Church. Rockford. Mich.
L H. NEWIUR»»H. Profsnssof of CfinlcaJ lis-
««tigation. Uislvwrtity of Michigan, Am,
Arbor. Mich.
UAKL NEWCOMER, Profssaarx. Va-twr C«#
Uoe. Poughke.p»i., N. Y.
PUDUT NICHOti film writstr .is, cRrwrfw.
lot '-.g.le. Calif
3666
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 18
(Part 8)
ROBERT HASTINGS NICHOLS, Professor,
Urn'on Theological Seminary. New York. N.Y.
ALFRED S. N1CKLSSS. Davenport, Iowa
KARL S. NIEBYL Atsociote Professor of Eco-
nomics Taltm University, Naw OHeens, La.
SEV. KARL NIELSEN. Charleston Unitarian
Church, Charleston. S. C.
S. V NKSISV. President. State Board of Di-
radon, Peene. Division of Farmors Educa-
. ttorial and Cooperative Union of America.
£«■! Petersburg, Pa.
HV. WILLIAM S. NOBLE. North Baltimore
Church of Christ. North Baltimore. Ohio
JOHN 1 NOLLEN. Chairmen of War Savings
Committee for Iowa. Grinnell. Iowa
(JUVERNf E. NOON. Vice-President. Hennepin
County Industrial Union Council. Minneapo-
lis. Minn.
JOSEPHINE NORDSTRAND. Executive Sac,,
Wisconsin Stato Conference on Social Legis-
letion. Milwaukee. Wis.
MRS. NIXON NORRIS. We Barbara. Calif.
STERLING NORTH. Literary Editor. Chicago
DjBy News and New York Pott. Chicago.
III.
THEODORE E. NORTON, librarian. Lafayette
College. Eeston, Pa.
ROSS M. NOTZ. Board of Directors. Dayton
Y.W.C.A.. Dayton, Ohio.
WW). C. NOTZ. Vice-President. Local 947.
United Automobile Worsen. CIO. Dayton,
Ohio
STANLEY NOWAK. Michigan Stata Senator.
Datroit. Mich.
CATHERINE OAKES. Assistant Professor of
English, Connecticut Collage. Naw London.
Conn.
JSRRY O'CONNELL, Former Congressmen
from Montane, Butte. Mont.
HARVEY O'CONNOR, writer. Chicago. III.
TOM O'CONNOR, writer. Brooklyn. N. Y.
HSHOP 6. ASHTON OLDHAM. Bishop of
Albany. Albany. N. Y.
OSCAR OPHEIM. Chairman. Farmers Union.
Local 1103. Bucyrus. N. D.
REV. EDMUND A. OPITZ, Unitarian Church erf
Herrirburg, Pa.
MAH-rAREY LA FAROE OSBORN, Educational
Director, Albeme Farmers Union, Birming-
ham. Ala.
MRS. ERUNG OSNES. Secy.. Huntley Project.
Farmers Union 573. Pompys Pillar,' Mont.
H. A. OVER5TREET, Professor Emeritus of Phil-
osophy, College of The City of Naw York:
Lecturer, New York School for Social Re-
search New York. N. Y.
MARY WHITE OVINGTON, Treasurer. NAACP,
■asi ns linali Vt ■
G. IROMLEY OXMANr !*• Method
=3
Tcor D.F. M
Boston Branch
stion. Boston,
•EORGE L PAINE.
of Fellowship of
Mass.
REV. ALBERT W. PALMER, Congressional
Church, Chicago. III.
REV. CLAY E. PALMER. First Congregational
Church. Yankton. S. D.
WILLIAM B. PALMER. Dapt. of Economics.
University of Michigan. Ann Arbor. Mich.
JULIAN PARK, Buffalo. N. Y.
REV. GEORGE LAWRENCE PARKER. Unitarian
Church. Carver. Mass.
Oft. Z. RITA PARKER, New York. N. Y.
«T. .REV. EDWARD L PARSONS. Bishop of
California (retired). San Francisco. Calif.
ROBERT D. PATTON. Professor of Economics.
Ohio State University. Gilone. Ohio
IRENE PAULL. Editor. Midwest Labor. Duluth.
Minn.
JEROME F. PAYNE. Deputy Postmaster (re-
tired): Chairman. Local Selective Service
Board 415. Gouvarnour. N. Y.
HELEN PEAK. Profaisor of Psychology. Ran-
dolph-Macon Woman's Collage. Lynchburg.
RSV. WILLIAM W. PECK. First p.rish Church.
Unitarian. Groton. Mats.
EMANUEL PEARSON, Farms* Union. Seco.
' Mont.
ANNA M. W. PENNYPACKER. Phila.. Pa.
MRS. LIONEL C. PERERA. JR. Chairman.
Board of Directors. Young Men's Vocational
Foundation. New York. N. Y.
REV. HAVEN P. PERKINS, Pekin. III.
E. C. PETERS. President. Paine College. Au-
STUART' PETTINGILL. businessman. Badlands.
Calif.
TERRY PETTUS. Eiacutiva Secy, Washington
Commonwealth Federation. Seattle. Wash.
JOSEPH D. PHILLIPS. President. Washington
Industrial Union Council. Tekome Park. Md.
S. I. PHILLIPS. Social Studies Instructor. Ells-
worth Junior Collage. Iowa Fells. Iowa
RABBI DAVID PHILIPaON, Dean of American
Liberal Rabbis. Cincinnati. Ohio
REV. W. HAROLD PIATCHAPP. Clarkson
Methodist Church. Clarkson. Mich.
FRANK PIRKEY. Clifton Unitarian Church List.
Louisville. Ky.
HERMAN A. POHL. General Secy.-Trees. In-
ternational Wood Carvers' Association of
North America. Somervllla. Mess.
REV. G. A. POLLARD. Highlend Congregational
Church. Portland. Ore.
ARTHUR UPHAM POPE. Chairman. Committee
for National Morale, Naw York. N. Y.
HENRY W. POPE. Naw York. N. Y.
GRACE PORTER, Naw York, N. Y.
KENNETH W. PORTER, Professor of History.
Vesser College, Poughteapsia, N. Y.
REV. EDWIN MCNEILL POTEAT, Euclid Ava.
Baptist Church, Cleveland. Ohio
REV. A. LESLIE POTTER. Methodist Church,
New Hartford. N. Y.
REV. ADAM CLAYTON POWELL JR. Council-
man of the City of Naw York. Naw York,
N.Y.
REV. OWEN W. PRATT, Westminster Presby-
terian Church. Decatur. III.
LEE PRESSMAN. General Counsel. CIO.
Washington. D. C.
DAVID PREVIANT, attorney. Milwaukee. Wis.
MELVA L PRICE, teacher. New York. N. Y.
PHELPS PUTNAM, writer. Jamaica Plains. Mast.
ELMER K. PYLE. Berks County Farm Bureau
Association. Mohrsville, Pe.
MICHAEL J. QUILL. President. Transport Work-
ers Union of Americe. New York, N. Y.
MILTON RADER, President. Nature Friends of
America, East Orange, N. J.
MELVIN RADER, Deportment of Philosophy.
University of Washington. Seattle. Wash.
REV. ROBERT RAILS, Unitarian Church. Delias,
Tesas
ROBERT W. RAFUSE. Department of Political
Science. Mlddlebury College, Middlebury,
Vt.
FREDLYN RAMSEY, Assistant Professor of Eco-
nomics, Connecticut College, New London,
LEON A. RANSOM. Professor. Howard Uni-
versity. Washington. D. C.
BISHOP REVERDY C. RANSOM, AME Church,
Wilberforce. Ohio
JACK RASKIN. Secy. Civil Rights Federation.
Detroit. Mich.
HARRY J. RATHBUN. Professor of Lew. Stan-
ford University. Palo Alto. Calif.
CALLMAN RAWLEY. social worker. St. Louis.
Mo.
FREDERICK L REDIFER. Director. Progressive
Education Atioclatlon, Naw York. N. Y.
WALTER RAUTENSTRAUCH, Professor of In-
dustrial Engineering. Columbia University.
New York. N. Y.
JAMES B. REED, Assistant Chemist. Frenkford
Arsenal. Philadelphia. Pe.
REV. J. W. REED. Methodist Church. Portland.
Ore.
6EORGE J. REISS, Union County Central La-
bor Union. AFL. Elisabeth. N. J.
H. H. REMMERS. Society for the Psychological
Study of Social Issues. W. Lafayette. Ind.
REV. FREDERICK REUSTLE, Van Wyck Avenues
Congregational Church, Jameice. N. Y.
BERTHA C REYNOLDS. Consultant in Social
Work. Long Island City. N. Y.
L WILLARO REYNOLDS. Minister of Friends
Meeting. Cllntondele. N. Y.
OSCAR K. RICE. Assoc Prof, of Chemistry.
University of No. C, Chepei Hill.. N. C.
DEAN E. RICHARDSON. Edwin Methodist
Church. Syracuse. N. Y.
WILLIAM GORHAM RICE. JR. Professor ot
Law. University of Wisconsin. Medlson. Wis.
WALLINGFORD RIEGGER. musician. New
York. N. Y.
BERNARD F. RIESS. Assistant Professor of Psy-
chology. Hunter Collage. New York, N. Y.
REV. FREDERICK W. RINGE, Evangelical and
Reformed Church. Temms, III.
MARY W. RITTENHOUSE. District Secy.
Brooklyn Bureau of Charities. Brooklyn. N. V.
KANNA ROADS. Professor of History. Con-
necticut College. New London. Conn.
REV. WALLACE W. ROBBINS. Pres. Unlterian
Fellowship for Social Justico. St. Paul. Minn.
REV. BENJAMIN C ROBESON. Mother AME
Zion Church. New York. N. Y.
PAUL ROBESON, concert artist: Chairmen,
Council on African Affairs: Enfield. Conn.
REV. A. H. ROBINSON. First Unlterian Church.
Plalnfleld. N J.
EARL ROBINSON, composer. New York. N Y.
REV. JAMES H. ROBINSON. Church of The
Metter. New York. N. Y.
REID ROBINSON. President. International
Mine. Mill a> Smelter Workers.
Dam
Colo
REV. FREDERICK A. ROBLEE. Bay City, Mich.
WELLINGTON ROE, Editor. Richmond Labor
News. Babylon. N. Y.
JOHN R. ROEBUCK, professor. Medlson. Wis.
REV. CHARLES 0. ROEKEL, President. Phila-
delphia Synod. Evangelical end Reformed
Church. Royersford. Pa.
HUBERT W. ROGERS. Professor. Lafayette CoL
lege. Eeston. Pa.
PAUL SOMAINE. businessmen. Chicago. III.
REV. CUTHBERT R. ROME. Syracuse. N. Y.
DR. M. J. ROSEMAN, University of Norffi
Carolina. Chapel Hill. N. C.
REV. CLIFTON H. ROSS. West End Congrege-
tionel Church, Bridgeport, Conn.
EDWARD ALSWORTH ROSS. Professor Emeri-
tus of Sociology. University of Wisconsin,
Medlson. Wis.
DR. MILTON R. ROSS, dentist. New York. N.Y.
WALTER ROTHMAN. Librarian. Hebrew Union
College Library. Cincinnati, Ohio
REV. RALPH H. ROWSE. Congregational
Church. Naw York. N. Y.
ELBERT RUSSELL, professor. Duke University.
Durham. N. C.
LAWRENCE J. RYAN. Business Agent. United
Electrical. Radio and Machine Worker*.
Local 502. CIO. St. Marys. Pa.
GEORGE H. SABINE. Professor. Cornell Uni-
versity. Ithece. N. Y.
SHIRLEY SAFFRON. President. Local 17.
United Office end Professional Workers of
America. Bayonne. N. J.
HELEN SAHLER. sculptor. New York. N. Y.
E. DWIGHT SALMON. Professor. Williams Col-
lege. Amherst, Mats.
JOHN C. SANDNESS. Board of Directors.
N. D. Farmers Union. La Moure. N. D.
FLORENCE L SANVILLE. Wetttown. Pa.
NICK A. SARROS. Esecutive Board Member.
District e. United Electrical. Radio end Me-
of Arr
iburg. Pe.
Harvard
Work:
GEORGE SARTON. Profe
versify. Combrldgo. Met
MAX SAVELLE. Stenford U
Calif.
J. HENRY SCATTERGOO0. Philadelphia. Pe.
REV. ROBERT H. SCHACHT. JR. Providence,
sity. Pelo Alto.
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
3667
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 18
(Part 9)
AIIAHAM SCHENCK. Secy. In—.. Bee.,*
Cultu-iiti Un.on. Local !5. New York. N. T.
REV. A. J. SCHERER. Trinity Evangelicel .nd
RJtormeJ Church. Now Orleeni. La.
WILLIAM JAY JCHIEFFELIN. Vice-Preiidenl.
Am.-, can Bible Society, Now York. N. Y.
•AULINE G. SCHINDLER, wr.fer. Loi Ang.lee.
Calif.
MARGARET SCHLAUCH, educetor. Naw York.
N. Y.
ARTHUR M. SCHLESINGER. Profenor of Hin-
to.y Hotva-d Urbanity. Cmb'idg., Mia.
HAROLD SCHLOSBERG. Anoci.t. Prol.nor
of fiychology. Brown Un.ven.ty. Providence.
R. I.
THELMA SCHNEE. octeii. Naw York. N. Y.
T. C. SCHNEIRLA. Amitent Profaiior. of Ply
chology. Naw York Un.venity. fluih.no. N.Y.
MARGARET SCHOCH. Hollywood. Calif.
H. G. SCHRICKEL. P.'tibu'gh. Pa.
IRVING SCHWAB, etlorney. Naw York. N. Y.
REV. CLINTON LEE SCOTT. Independent
Ch„it,on Church. Glouceitor. Mail.
FRANKLIN D. SCOTT. Prolenor of Hiitory.
Northwoitorn Univenity. Evoniton, III.
REV. HAROLD SCOTT. Unitarian Church.
Flint. M.ch.
REV. J. H. SCOTT. Proiident. Eail Carroll Bap-
Sunday School Ai.oc.alion. Lata Provi-
done
VIDA D. SCUDOER. P-ofo
Ma
ritui. Wallav
REV. CARL ALBERT SEAWARD, Oiraclor of
Chrilt Church; Director. Barnard Memorial
School. Do'cheitor. Man.
EDWIN SEAVER. author N.w York. N. Y.
REV. RICHARD W F. SEEBODE. Weitmimter
Un.ta'inn Church; Chairmen, Rhoda llland
Inlo-Chu-ch Commimon for Social Action.
P-Ovidonco. R. I.
RUTH SEIGIL. Educational Director. Joint
Boa-d of Fur D-enan and Dyeri. Newark,
N. J.
V. FREDA SEIGWORTH. Cleveland. Ohio
JOSEPH P. SELLY. P-oi.dont. American Com-
mun.cations Anoc. at.on. Ne- York. N. Y.
HOWARD SELSAM. Director. School for De-
mocracy. Na- York. N. Y.
RHODA W. SEVELY. Edge-ood Anenal Locel
227. Un.i.d Furniture Worken of Ame-ice.
Baltimore. Md.
JOHN P. SEWARD. Ainitent Profaiior of Eco-
nomic! Connecticut College. New London.
Conn.
OR. E. HERDERT SEXTON, denti.t; Member.
Board of D.recto'i. Weitf.eld Cooperative
Buying Club. Weitfield. N.J.
REV. WAITSTILL H. SHARP. Unitarian Church.
Wrjlleiley Hills. Mall.
MARY J. SHAW. An.i.ont Profaiior of Philoi-
ophy. Univernty of Minneiole, M.nneepoL*.
Minn.
REV. A. J. SHERER. Trinity Evangelicel Re-
formed Church. New O-leani. La
GUY EMERY SHIFLER. Editor. The Churchman,
New York. N. Y.
JACOB SHOLTZ. Sacy.. Congregetion Ahoveth
Ureal. New York. N. Y.
VIOLA BROTHERS SHORE, writer. Wait Loi
Angelei. Cal.f.
REV. PAUL M. SHURTLEFF. Fint Preibyterien
Church. Black. ell. Okie.
ELIE SIEGMEISTER. compoier. Brooklyn. N. Y.
SAMUEL SILLEN. initr„ c to.. New York Uni-
vanity. New York. N. Y.
C. LE BRON SIMMONS. Truitee. International
Brotherhood of Taamiten. Chaufleuri end
Helper! 663; Praiident. Mlchigen Diviiion.
National Negro Congreu. Detroit. Mich.
ERNEST J. SIMMONS, profenor of Compare-
tivo Literature, euthor. Cornell Univenity.
Ithaca. N. Y.
EISA W. SIMON. Ne. York. N. Y.
LEE SIMONSON. euthor end deiigner. New
York. N. Y.
UPTON SINCLAIR, euthor. Paiadene. Colif-
REV. EDGAR F. SINGER. Scanton. Pa.
REV. STANLEY E. SKINNER. W.ll.emitown. N.Y.
REV. EDWIN M. SLOCOMK. Un.lar.ea
Church. Leilngton. Men.
REV. ALSON J. SMITH. Method;,! Church.
Bayport. Long lilend. N. V.
CARL D. SMITH. Amitent Prof.nor of Gov-
ernment Wayne Un.ver.lty. Detroit. Mich.
JAMES IOEN SMITH, Preident. Solebury Co-
operative Aiiocietion. New Hope. Pe.
MASON SMITH, Editor. Teael Mer-reclel (U-
view: Cheirmen. Teiei Nag o People! War.
time Committee. Auilin. la.ai
REV. WALTER A. SMITH, Fir*. Unilerien
Church. Lebannon. N. H.
ALICE D. SNYOER. Profaiior of Engtiih. Voner
College. Poughkeepne. N. Y.
REV. THEODORE G. SOARES. Neighborhood
Church. Paiadora, Cal.f.
ELIZABETH W. SOLEY. Derien. Conn.
HESTER SONDERGAARO, aclreu. Ne- York.
REV. ROBERT W. SONEN. Fin* Un.terUn
Church Norfolk. Va.
HERBERT K. SORRELL. Praiident. Conference
of Stud.o Unioni. loi Angelei. Calif.
REV. ALFRED M. SOULE. Marlboro, Mm.
SIGMUND SPAETH, writer, lecturer, broed-
caiter New York, N. Y.
GRETEL SPIRO. Educational Director. Furrier,
Joint Council of New Yo-k. CIO. New York.
REV. W. I. SPOFFORD. Secy . Church League
for Indultr.al Democrecy. New York. N. Y.
REV. CHARLES W. SQUIRES. Free Baptiit
Church; author, Limsrici. Me.
WILLIAM STANDARD. General Couiel. Ne-
tionel Maritime Union of Ame-ice. New
York. N. Y.
JOHN V. STANGER. Baltimore. Md.
MABEL K. STAUPERS. E.ecutive Secy. Ne-
tional Aiiocietion Colored Graduate Nuriel.
Now Yo-k. N. Y.
ROSS STAGNER. Hanover. N H
BERTHA KELSO STAVRIANOS. Northampton.
ARTHUR STEIN. Auiitant. to Socy.Tre.,..
United Fodaral Worker! of Amo-ce. CIO.
LOUIS STEIN, otto-nay. Loi Angelei. Cal-f
RAYMOND W. STELLHORN. Secretary. Fort
Wayne Induit-lol Union Council. Fort
»Va
. Ind.
8ERNHARD J. STERN. New York. N. Y
REV. J. STANLEY STEVENS. The Methodiit
Church. Mount Kilco. N. Y
A. E. STEVENSON. Secy.. CIO. Induitnal
Union Council. Cleveland. Oh-o
DONALD OGDEN STEWART, author. New
Yo-k. NY
REV. A. E. VON STILU. Fir.l Unitarian Church.
Oklahoma City. Okie.
OR. WALTER H. STIX. Onclnneli. Ohio.
JOHN R. STOCKHAM. attorney. St. Lou.i.
MILDRED X. STOLTZ. Stele D.reclo' of Edu-
cet.on. Montana Formen Union. Greet Folk
Mont.
DEINER S. STOUT. Joffenon Grenge 114.
Colllen. W. Ve.
REV. ELBRIDGE F. STONEHAM. Unitarian
Church. E.eter. N. H
CHARLES LEONARD STONE. P-ofenor of
Piychology. Dartmouth College. Hsnove-.
REV. CARL STORM. All Soull Unitonon Church.
Lincoln. Nab.
LYMAN BEECHER STOWE. New York. N. Y.
LEON STRAUS. Moneger. Fur Floor and Ship-
ping Clo'kl Union, International Fur &
lea.her Worken. New York. N. Y.
ANNA LOUISE STRONG, author. Meulo. CoKf.
DIRK J. STRUIK. Profenor. MeuchuieH, ln-
ititute of Technology. Cambridge. Men.
MRS. W. ENGLISH STRUNSKY. Mew York.
N. Y.
JOHN STUART, author. Foreign Editor. Kiev/
Meuei. Foreit Hill*. N. Y.
MAURICE SUGAR. Generel Couniel for
United Automobile Worken of Ame-ice. De-
troit. Mich.
REV. E. LENTON WTCUFFE. Hn> MeikoeW
Church. Hillidale. Mich.
CALVIN J. SUTHERUN, Intern.llonel Rapne.
.enteiive. Internatlonel Union of Mine, Mil
'. Smelte' Worken; Torrington. Conn.
RJCHARO M. SUTTON, Profenor. H.v.rford
College. H.v.rford. Pe.
SAM. A. SWANSCN, Inlemetionel Ei-J.d Or-
gnniier. United Electrical. Redio t M.ctteo
Wo-kerl ot America. Minneapolis. Mine.
VERY REV. SIDNEY E. SWEET. St. Uuit. Mo.
ADA B. 7AFT. Chicago. III.
GLENN J. TALIOTT, Praiident. North Doloi*
Fn-mo-i Union. Jameitown. N. D.
ALVA W. TAYLOR, profenor: Secy-Tree*.
Southern Conference for Human Welfer*.
Neihville. Tenn.
REV. JOHN H. TAYLOR. Uniteri.n ChurcK
Wet-wood. Meu.
LLOYO W. TAYLOR, Chairmen. Lorain Cou«*y
Repuolican Central Committee. Ob*rlin. O.
KATHERINE TERRILU Panora. low.
LEWIS M. TERMAN. Profenor of Pr/chcloo".
Stanford Univenity. Palo Alto. Cel.f.
OR M. C. TERRY, profaiior. Stanford
Univenity: formerly Captain Medlcel Corp*.
U. S. A-my. Palo Alto. Calif.
EDWARD THOMPSON. Chairman of Leg.J*-
tive Comm.troe. United Canning, Agnctlt-
tu-e Packing and Allied Worken of Arnee-
,ca. Local 80. Camden. N. J.
FREDERICK THOMPSON. Stinlon Beech. C*nf.
GEORGE l_ THOMPSON. Preildent. levegu.
for Social Proq-en. Randolph. Men.
MARK THOMPSON. Dei Moinei. lowe.
M I. THOMPSON. Editor ond Publnhor of »•
Uteh Lebor News. Salt Lake City. Utah.
FRANK THORNE. Clifton Unitarian Chunk.
REv'^o'lLLON * WESLEY THROCKMORTOH.
T-inity Methodiit Church. Bakenfield. C*lit
JOSEPHINE TIMMS. Inte-notionel S«refery-
T-eaiu-e- American Communication, Alio-
clat.on CIO. New York. N. Y.
OR. PAUL TILLICH. Profenor. Union Thooloal.
cal Somlnary. Now York. N. Y.
LEONARD R. TITELMAN. Alloona. P..
REV JOSEPH H. TITUS. Protoilant fipi»cop»«
Ciurch Jamaica. N. Y.
CHANNING H. TOBIAS. New York. N. Y.
MATHREW O. TOBRINER. etto-ney. San Fr.»-
EDWARD TOLAN. Proi.dent. Negro You*
Council 'or Victory end Democracy. Do-
EOWARO C. TOLMAN. P-ofanor of Prychot
ocy. Univenrfy of Cal.fo-nlo. S.rk.ley. C*f.f.
JUSTICE CHARLES E. TONEY. Muniopol
Cou-t. New Yo-k. N. Y.
JUDGE EOWARO P. TOTTEN. Member. Thome*
jTffo-lon Democratic Club of MintuMOt*.
REV V."m. TOWSEND. Proilding Elder. AMcw
Melhod.it Epiicopel Chu-ch: Treaiurw. N*>
o-o F-ate-nel Council of Chu-chel of Anwf-
co- Socy Financial Board. African M.*-
od.it Epiicopel Chu-ch of Weehinqro*.
0. C: L.ttle Rock. Ark.
E. F. TRACY. Son F-anciico. Calif.
REV. JACOB TRAPP. Fint Uniteri.n ChurcK
ROBERT"' C.°TRA VIS. VicP-eiidont. Illinol.
Stat. Indultnel Union Counc.1. C.IJ3-
Chicogo. III. . .
DR. LUCIA TRENT, poet: Former Prtrt.djn*.
Weltn-n Poet'i Cong-en. San Anton.o. Te*.
REV. EVERETT S. TREWORGY. Fint P.rirA
Church. Aihby. Man.
LILIAN TRICKER. Vice Chairman. Comm.rt**.
for Racial and ReUgiou. T
Phtl*>
JAMKW.' TROYER. City Comminioner; Co»»-
tv Supervlior- Pelt Grand Regont. «oy*l
Xccu-um. S.ult St.. M.rie. Mich
JIM TULLY. writ.-. Cencge Pa-k. Cht.
FRANK TUTTI.E. motion pictur* director. Hony-
-ood. Cell' „
PEARL D. TUTTLE. New York. M. •
3668
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 18
(Part 10)
ttlSMOMS TUBS. Aeeociet* Fnrfmer of Esse,
lleh, COMWctiCVt College, New London,
HV. WIUUM As TYUR. Coisgrtsgerionel
Otvrch. Garettsont. Celif.
HUCOUtT A. TYWSS. New Yort, N. Y.
LOUS TY1QLER, attorney. Athens. Ohio.
JEAN STAIt UNTtRMEYEK. writer. No. Yoi*,
N. Y.
WKLARD UPHAUS, Eiecutive Secretory. No-
tional Religion end Labor Foundation. How
ANTHONY VALENTINO. President. Wmo
Agent. United Cannery. Agriculture. Pecking
t AIW Workers) of Amarica. Local SO,
Camdan. N. J.
BEY. MORGAN W.VAN TASSELL. Oak Grove
Avenue Community Church. Buffalo. N. Y.
OSWALD VEBLEN. Professor. Institute for Ad-
vanced Study. Princeton. N. J.
CLEO C VELARDE. Financial Secretary, Inter-
national Union.. Mine. Mill & Smelter Work-
en. Auiiliery No. 47. Silverton. Colo.
REV. JOHN M. VERSTEEG. Walnut Hilre-
Avcndnle Church. Cincinnati. Ohio.
MARGARET VINTON. Social Activities CW
tian Unitarian Fe'lowship for Social Justice.
Los Anqeles, Calif.
W. W. VUAGNIAUX. Generel Cheirman. Lo-
eel 621. International Brotherhood of Elec-
trical Workers. API. Boone, Iowa.
KATRICE WADLEI6H, Eiacutive Secretary.
Civil Liberties Union of Massechusetts.
Boston. Mass.
SAUL C WALDBAUM. attorney. Philadalphie.
Pa.
GEORG J. M. WALEN. Henske. Minn.
ALICE H. WALKER. Director of Social Service.
Harper Hospital. Detroit. Mich.
HERMAN I. WALKER. Treasurer. Good Gov.
e-nment Council. Newerk. N. J.
REV. KENNETH C. WALKER. Unitarian Church
of Albany. Delmar, N. Y.
BVT. WALLACE. Yakima County Organiser.
Weshinqton Old Aqe Pension Union, Zillah.
Wash.
ALICE HOLDSMIP WARE, writer. New York.
■ N. Y.
REV. W. I. WALTMIRE. Methodist Church.
Omehe. Nab.
EDA LOU WALTON, professor. New York. N.Y.
COURTNEY D. WARD. Sacretery. District
Council No. 6. Brotherhood of Painters. Dec-
orators & Paperhangert of Americe. Cieve-
, .lend. Ohio.
MARRY F. WARD. Palisade. N. J.
,IYN0 WARD, artist. Palisade. N. J.
FLORENCE M. WARNER. Professor of Eco-
nomics. Connecticut College. New London,
Conn.
1EROY WATERMAN. Professor. Depertmont of
Orientel Languages. University of Michigen,
Ann Arbor. Mich.
MORRIS WATSON. Editor. The Intensettenel
Lossa sf ror ia men's and Warehousemen 'e Union
"ian Frc...
Stanford. Calif.
REV. GERALD F. WEARY. Bloomingfon. III.
REV. ARTHUR L WEATHERIY. Unitarian
Church. Hillsboro. N. H.
CLARA WEATHERWAX. writer. Long Beach.
Calif.
BJIV. CHARLES C WI1HR. Executive Secre-
tery. Methodist Federation for Social Ser-
vice. New York. N. Y.
MAX WEBER, ortist. Greet Neck. N. Y.
REV. BRADFORD G. WEBSTER. Gowenda. N.Y.
FLORENCE WEEO. Sacretery. Washington
County Unit of Labor's Nonpartisan League
of Vermont. East Monfpeller. Vt.
RAMI JACOB J. WEINSTEIN. K.A.M. Tempt*.
Chicago. III.
LOUIS WEISNER. Associate Professor of Merhe-
metics. Hunter College. Brons. N. Y.
REV. DANIEL M. WELCH. First Uniferlait
Church. Clinton. Mass.
REV. MELVIN LOUIS WELKE. First Unitarian
Church. Cincinnati, Ohio.
REV. CHARLES PHELPS WELLMAN. Dorchea-
fer. Mass.
HILDEGAROE I. WELLS. Esses County Federa-
tion of Teachers. A. F. of L, Local 4»l.
Newark. N. J.
C A WENDELL, Minneapolis. Minn.
RICHARD G. WENDELL. Associete Professor
of English and Speecn, Iowa Stete College.
Ames. towe.
REV. HAJEN F. WERNER. Grace Methodist
Church. Dayton. Ohio
MARY F. WESSELHOEFT. artist. Santa Barbara.
Calif.
FRANK W. WEYMOUTH, Professor of Physiol-
ogy. Stanford University. Palo Alto. Calif.
PHILIP WHEELWRIGHT. Professor of Phi-
losophy. Dartmouth College. Henover. N. H.
REV. ELIOT WHITE. Epiicopol Church, New
York. N. Y.
PVT. ROLAND A. WHITE. Former Editor. The
Dubuque Leader. A F. L: Fort Warren.
Wvo.
REV. WAYNE WHITE. Methodist Church. New
York. N. Y.
MRS. ROYAL 6. WHITING. Esecutive Secre-
tary. Congressional Committee for War Vic-
tims end Services. Weston. Mass
WILLSON WHITMAN, writer. Woodside. L I.
N. Y.
RABBI DAVID H. WICE. Temple B'nei Jethursin.
Newark. N. J.
HENRY N. WIERNAN. Professor of Philosophy
of Religion, University of Chicego. Chicego,
III.
M. F. W1LKISON. National Farmers Union. Lo-
cal 54, Chambersburq. Pa.
REV. GEORGE IE ROY WILLETS. First Presby-
terian Church. Caldwall. N. J.
LEAH B. WILLIAMS. Liberty Rebekah Lodge.
Powell, Ohio.
MRS. HOMER L WILLIAMS. American Associ-
ation of University Women. Perkville. Mo.
HOMER L WILLIAMS. Platte County Guillen
Defense. Park villa. Mo.
J. PAUL WILLIAMS, Associate Professor. Mount
Holyole College. South Hedley. Mess.
OR. H. W. WILUAMSTON. President. Okie.
home Medicel. Oental and Phermeceuticel
Association. Idabel. Okla.
REV. CHARLES C. WrLSON. Trinity Episcopal
Church. Klrksville. Mo.
HELEN W. WILSON. Bethesda. Md.
REV. ELWIN L WILSON. Superintendent. Port,
lend District Methodist Church. Portland.
Me.
J. RNLfY WILSON, 6rend Eulted Ruler. Im-
proved Benevolent Protective Order of EBjs
of the World: President. National Voters'
League. Weshington. D. C.
REV. MARSHALL W1NGHELD. First Congrega-
tional Church. Memphis. Tenn.
WARREN WINKELSTEIN. President. Syracuse
Jewish Community Center. Syracuse. N. Y.
C. E. A. WINSLOW. Professor of Public Heel*.
Yele Medical School. New Heven, Conn.
REV. ALEXANDER WINSTON. First Unitarian
Church. Jamaica Plains. Mass.
EFFIE WISE. Secy.Treos, Women's Interna-
tional Union Label Leegue. Tulsa. Okla.
G. E. WISE. Director of Farmers' Union Co-
operative. Greencettle. Pe.
ROBERT WISHART. Representetive. United
Electrical. Radio & Machine Worker! ef
America. C.I.O., Minneapolis. Minn.
JOHN L Win. Spencer. Wis.
NATHAN WITT, attorney. New York. N. Y.
OR. ABRAHAM L WOLBARST. New York.
N. Y.
BENEDICT WOLF, attorney. New York. N. Y.
DR. ABRAHAM WOLFSON, President. Jewish
Social Service Bureeu. Newerk. N. J.
REV. ALONZO L WOOD, Chaplain, South
Kent School. South Kent. Conn.
COL CHARLES E. S. WOOD, writer; poet;
oldest living greduate of West Point; Los
Getos. Calif.
MAXINE WOOD, N. Y. Stete Educational Di-
rector. IM, - national Workers Order. New
York. N. Y.
OR. THOMAS WOOOY. Professor of Education.
University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia. Pa.
MARY E. WOOLLEY. President Emeritus. Mount
Holyole College: Westport. N. Y.
JANE WORTHINGTON. instructor, Connecti-
cut Colloge. New London. Conn.
ARCHIE WRIGHT. President. Farmers Union,
New York M.Ik Shod. Ogdensburg. N. Y.
HERMAN WRIGHT, attorney. Houston. Teres.
OUINCY WRIGHT. Professor of International
law. University of Chicago. Chicego. III.
REV. JAMES D. WYKER. Federeted Church,
North Jac'son. Ohio.
FRED R. YADER. sociologist. Pullman. Wash.
DR. MAX YERGAN. President. National Negro
Congress. New York. N. Y.
JACK B. YOUNG. Secy. Treat, United Elec-
trical. Sed.o a Machine Workers of America.
Local 114). Minneapolis. Minn.
MANOOG S.YOUNG. Chairmen. Netionel Co-
ordinetmg Committee. Armenian Youth of
America. Bos'on Mess.
WILLIAM LINDSAY YOUNG, President. Pert
Colleoe. Perkville. Mo.
BENJAMIN E. YOUNGDAHL. Assocat* Profes-
sor of Soclel Work. Washington University.
St. Louis. Mo.
REV. JOHN T. YOUNGER. Cleveland Street
Presbyterian Church. Nashville. Tonn.
ARNOLD ZANOER. Association of Llberel Free-
CLARA ZIMMERMAN. Washington. D. C.
JACK S. ZUCKER. Netionel Leqitletive Rep-
resented. United Shoe Workers of Ar.tr-
ice. C.I.O, Weshington. 0. C.
DALE ZYSMAN, Eiecutive Secretory. New Jar.
say District. International Worker! Order.
Nowark. N. J.
1123 fcwcVoy
N«w Yott. N. Y.
Sponsored by thtt
•eATTOWAl FEDERATION FOR CONSTTTUTiOf-UL UBERTIES
1400 L Strw.t. N.W.
Washington, D. C.
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
3669
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 19
MEDICAL BUREAU AND NORTH AMERICAN COMMITTEE
TO AID SPANISH DEMOCRACY
X ATION AJ. CTOSSOIS
..„./
0» !
GRACE ABBOTT
DCVERE ALLEN
CONG IOHN T BPBNA
«LV. UWIGHT I BRADLEY
BISHOP BCNIAMIN BREWSTER
DonOTHY DETZER
JEROME DAVIS
PROF. PAUL H DOUGLAS
SHERWOOD EDDY
PROF. ALBERT EINSTEIN
PROF. HENRY PRATT FA1RCH1LD
rRANCIS 1 GORMAN
PRES. FRANI P'GRAHAM
HUBERT C. HERRING
RABBI EDWARD L ISRAEL
IOSEPH LASH ^"
PROF. ROBERT MORSS LOVETT
REV. IOHN A. MACILAY
PRES WM A NFJLSON
fur. raromHijELL.
H OP G BROMLEY OXN AHA
[ToT robeBT L pAddWT
BISHOP EDWARD L. PARSONS
A PHILLIP RANDOLPH,
PAUL ROBESON <^^
REV. GUY EMERY SHIPLER
RABBI ABBA HJLLEL SILVER
UPTON SINCLAIR
ixLANO itowi
ML HOWARD C HAmiGER
U. •! C*iil—~ MtJuml Sit— I
OR. PERCTVAL BAILEY
DR.' AffTON I. CARLSON
DR. ARNO B. LUCIHARPT
•/ V •! Ctutf MO* J Stt—I
OR. HAVEN EMERSON
.1 C./.ati. V. CtUtf ♦»
DR. WALTER B. CANNON
— SAMUEL A. LEVCIE
,1 Hwnrd Hldnti Sit— I
IS
M.di.mi Sit— I
OR. SAMUEL A. LEVCIE
•I N«f«W M*d*re' *-*
DR. DAVID I. DAVIS
./ U. .; Mrani A1,
DR. ADOLF MEYER
DR. HENRY E. SIGERIST
• Ntfitwtnrfm V. MtdnM
dr FBrorRicr
ASSA COLLER
DR. REUBEN L EAHN
DR. U H NEWBURGH
DR. K>HN SUNDWALL ....
mi V. »/ Mutt!** MlJirmJ Stt—t
DR. SAMUEL 1 roPETsrr
./ N. Y. ttlnUma Mrd*A
Sit—i
DR. WILLIAM H. PARI
.( Ntw Y-» V. M-XhI
Sit— I
DR. THOMAS ADDIS
DR LEO EXOESSER ... .
.1 Sumttj U. Nf«4l Sit— I
DR. IACOUESJ BRONFENBREXRTR
DR. CARL F. COR1 _
DR. lOSEPH ERLANGER
I Taliw V. Mtdkmi
S HARRY OOLDBLATT
CARL K. LDQLART
DR. ROT wrn rr rtott
DR. T WWCATE TOOO
•I F.jwi (»«n M,dt,S
Sit—t
OR. IOHN P PETERS
DR. C E A W1NSLOW
381 FOURTH AVENUE. NEW YORK. N. Y
PTkxv. MUrrar Hill tsici
July 6. 1938
Buhop Frano* I. McCann«3
Dr. Wallet B Cannon
Co-Cbjirmrm
R.v. Herman F. R«U*ia
Exixmttrt Sfurr " >
H*l*n W. GUlorri
Mies Alice Barrows
2010 Street N,W.
Washington, D.C.
Deer Miss Barrows:
Enclosed please find a. receipt for $20.00, which you
remitted to us in payment for Dr. Odlo Perez's ex-
panses , incurred in his speaking engagement In
Vfeshlngton.
ThaxfcTou for your prompt attention to this matter.
With best «rlshee.
Sincerely your*.
Film and Speakers Bureau
Film and Sneakers Bureau
By/^^^^^—
Peprl Levenste'n
uopwa
no. 16
CA. ERNST P. BOAS
DR. BELA SCHfCI
DR. FIORFNCC R SABIN
.1 titittlln l;uimu til— I
3670 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 20
MEDICAL BUREAU and
COMMITTEE TO AID
SPANISH DEMOCRACY • 912 CHARLEVOIX BUILDING • DETROIT • CADILLAC 660S
BISHOP FRANCIS I. MtCONHEU, DR. WALTER CANNON. C*-Ck«irais...REX PITKIN. Sttniitj, Micfci.m Ch.iter
February 2. 1939
Dmt Frlendi
Events of the past two weeks have shown us
the tremendous suffering the thousand* of women and chil-
dren of republican Spain are undergoing in their struggle
against the fasoist invaders.
Heartrending appeals for aid have oorae to us.
the denooratio people of the United States, for food and
medioal supplies*
The people of Spain are waging a war against
Fascism, not only for the protection of their oountry but
to preserve peaoe and Democracy all over the world.
Won't you, as a friend of Demooraoy, help
them in their fight by sending your contribution to this
off ioe for trans-shipment to those heroio people?
Thank you*
Sinoerely yours.
Mitchell Webb, secretary
WT:MF
uopwT*
#26
£fkfrid$4d .
i DrtwiHt Hmf-mood Bvooa Dt Ftod r tcm JUaoovo Coil** Potil d* trail TV*od.»* r>...c-«
Edwto Frattko GoldjkO* »WuTGosdaon Fro so* ) Got-sao
MatHkaOioBoa K«Im Hall BnM Mmionor Faooio Hani Di RtttesL I^U 6im|i 3 to
" ' trtM SUclair I
&bjj%> G Bro*mi»y O
loia BtsMttB*) 3vlWj StdMT C
U*W Vpkm Siadoii DoaoM Cvdov Stovort Or fobs 3.*rfwoiI UU»o* Wold I»r*»i Xismbobal ood ashore
* KoooaorltokT Pro*. Fobs Frc-*Jtf»rkr» SiskcLoif Lowt* Ccscramno
t Mioaool J OTLxeoflo* Cliflord Odot» Buoop G Broa&Wy Ou
^ Kriword U ranau A PVlUlp ftoadolpo Pool Babooa* Prof looa Sovpovd SvMo Stdoor Dr Honrr E 3*o.rwf
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3671
Mr. Kunzig. You referred to the fact a few moments ago in testi-
mony that you received a letter from a group called xVction Com-
mittee to Free Spain Now, and American Committee for Spanish Free-
dom. That is the one 1 am talking about. You referred to the first
of the two, and you said you wrote and asked that your name be
withdrawn. You also stated that previously in your answer in a
Washington newspaper that you authorized your name to be included
in what you think was called the Interf aith Division of the American
Committee for Spanish Freedom.
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, I testified to all that a moment or two ago
and read Dr. Norman Peale's name in that connection, I think.
Mr. Kunzig. You say you wrote it once, asking your name be with-
drawn from the list of sponsors. Did you write directly to the Ameri-
can Committee for Spanish Freedom?
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, that was the organization to which I wrote.
Mr. Kunzig. Did you know a Samuel J. Novick, who was listed as
treasurer of the American Committee for Spanish Freedom? I will
hand you a document marked "Oxnam Exhibit 21." (See p. 3678.)
Bishop Oxnam. No, as a matter of fact, in all these organizations
my name was used because I was in harmony with what I believed to
be a worthy purpose. Bishop Lewis O. Hartman of my own church,
T believe, was chairman of the Interfaith Division, a man in whom
I have complete confidence, and that was the basis of my name.
I do not know Mr. Novick — yes, Bishop Hartman's name is listed
here; is it not?
Mr. Kunzig. Yes, Bishop Lewis O. Hartman's name is listed there,
and your name is listed as one of the sponsors.
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, sir, I testified to that.
Mr. Kunzig. I think the record must show clearly, and to have the
record clear, I wish to incorporate, Mr. Chairman, the fact that this
American Committee for Spanish Freedom was cited as Communist
by the Attorney General in 1949.
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, ought there not to be in the record
when I belonged to it ?
Mr. Kunzig. Yes. Let us put completely in the record when you
belonged to it, sir. It was January 21. 1946, the period for which
activities of this group were cited as subversive.
Bishop Oxnam. This, Mr. Chairman, brings up a whole ex post
facto situation where activities are alleged about which no one knew,
and it is now used as evidence of subversive interest. I personally
hope that we may have in mind what is being done here. When the
Attorney General lists this group as subversive, that becomes a public
matter. Membership after that, I think, is a very serious question-
But if we raise the question years before, it seems to me that is hardly—
well, you will pardon me — it troubles me.
Mr. Velde. Bishop, I am just a little bit puzzled at how you could
belong to such an organization, having stated that you had been anti-
Communist all your life, and not realize that the Communist Party was
infiltrating these particular organizations. Can you explain that ?
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, sir; I can explain it. These organizations
generally were for w T hat we believe to be worthy purposes. You give
your name to an organization for what you believe to be a worthy
purpose. This does not mean that an organization is meeting — a
3672 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
sponsor does not meet with an organization. I never attended any
meeting of this organization. Now, who will say, with the hindsight
of the present, "Why didn't you — why don't you understand?"
I am belonging to organizations now, for instance — General Spaatz
has one that has to do with people behind the iron curtain or some-
thing. He wrote me and wanted to know if I would sponsor that
organization. I was glad to do it. One lends his name. Perhaps
we ought to come to the place where you lend your name to nothing.
I think as a matter of fact we are in danger of getting right to that
place, but please do not think of one sitting with a board and receiving
reports and all of that — that is not the nature of these organizations,
and I must say they were no doubt cleverly set up and cleverly handled.
Perhaps some people are astute enough to know the real Communists
and what they are doing, but even a committee, as influential as this
committee — I wonder if it really had the names of the individuals who
were really the espionage people of danger. I do not know, but I do
not know whether the Rosenbergs or whether the rest of that group
were known to the committee. Maybe so. But I have sometimes
wondered if we are not spending so much time in this guilt by associa-
tion business that we are not getting at the fundamental matter. Some
of us would like to help upon that, and as I said a little earlier, sir,
this whole question of causes — I wish there were opportunity in a com-
mittee like this to deal with Asia as I think I know it and to make
some suggestions to remove the causes.
Mr. Walter. Do you think that lending your name to this type of
an organization might have indirectly strengthened an organization,
the purpose of which was to undermine the Government of the United
States?
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman
Mr. Walter. Mr. Walter.
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, I know, Mr. Walter. I was asking through
the chairman. I appreciate the question very, very much. When an
organization is formed, as you believe, for a worthy purpose, the send-
ing of medical relief to people who are seeking freedom in Spain —
you lend your name to that. You do not lend your name to what you
are describing as a subversive organization.
Now, perhaps one should have some way of finding this out.
Frankly, during the period that you describe, please remember, we
were moving through the war
Mr. Walter. You are talking about a different organization. I
am talking now about the American Committee for Spanish Freedom.
Bishop Oxnam. Quite.
Mr. Walter. A political organization, not the medical organization
you are talking about.
Bishop Oxnam. These organizations — this organization had an in-
terfaith division. Please remember that you are dealing there with a
question of dictatorship, sir. Franco was surely an ally of Hitler
during the war. These people were still wishing to get their freedom,
their political freedom, and one was cooperating with that attempt.
I think there is no question as to Franco's relationship during the war,
is there?
Mr. Jackson. Mr. Chairman, the Bishop refers to guilt by associa-
tion, and I should like to point out that the Communists in their en-
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3673
deavors in these organizations were attempting to make their propa-
ganda effective and innocent by association by the use of such names as
yours, sir, and Norman Vincent Peale.
Isn't it your considered opinion, sir, that a great many people came
into the organizations actually to serve the ends of the Communist
Party, actually to serve the conspiracy, because names such as yours,
carrying a tremendous prestige, were used and did appear on those
various letterheads and documents of the organizations concerned?
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Jackson, I believe the Communist Party is a
conspiracy. I believe the conspirators ought to be discovered and by
due process tried and if found guilty, punished. I think, however,
that we are much more aware of the conspiracy itself today than we
were aware of conspiracy some years ago, and I believe Mr. Clardy
will make the point, and properly, that is one place that this com-
mittee has made substantial contribution, but to assume that one is
thoroughly acquainted with conspiracy — you are dealing with con-
spirators here whose fundamental purpose is to keep from you what
they are doing, and I don't believe that Norman Vincent Peale nor
others in that group would lend their names knowingly to any con-
spiracy, nor did I.
Mr. Jackson. I don't think that you fully answered my question.
My question was : Isn't it a reasonable assumption that a great many
people were brought into these organizations which we now know
were Communist dominated organizations, and were brought in by
virtue of the fact that on the letterheads there appeared the names of
substantial Americans?
My question was : Don't you think that the use of those names by
these organizations did in fact bring into the groups a great many
American citizens who might otherwise never have been associated
with the groyp except for the fact that prominent names did appear?
Bishop Oxnam. Personally, Mr. Chairman, I think that when one
lends his name to an organization, if the name is of strength he may be
giving some strength to the organization. He lends his name, however,
not to an organization that is a conspiracy in his knowledge, and I don't
think the inference should be drawn later that he did that thing.
Now, if you wish to say is your name influential here, there, or else-
where, it depends entirely on how much influence you have and, of
course, when Wendell Willkie wrote an article for the Protestant, I
suppose that that gave the Protestant magazine a higher standing in
some groups than it would have had without it, but I don't like the im-
plication of guilt here in what is being said. You are really not say-
ing it and yet it carries from what you say.
It is like so much of this material that goes out, the release of mate-
rial that I delivered an address at a penitentiary and said a certain
thing. As a matter of fact, I never said it.
Now, when the committee itself does the very thing that you are
saying I am doing
Mr. Velde. Bishop, it wasn't the committee that released it. It
had been in the newspapers and was public information.
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, I am so glad you put that here.
An announcement in a newspaper has only the strength of the an-
nouncement, but when the Committee on Un-American Activities, a
committee of the United States Congress, takes up a newspaper report
43620—54 7
3674 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
and includes it in a file, it has an entirely different standing, and the
committee, I think, by releasing on its official letterheads is doing the
very tiling that Mr. Jackson is accusing some of us who may have lent
our names, because sending out this information is damaging, and
particularly when it isn't true.
For instance, when it says I wrote an article on Stalin and names
the date and page and paper, when I never wrote it — I have heard
from that all over the United States ; letters have come in about me
writing a letter on Stalin and saying certain things. I never wrote
the article, and I gave to this committee a photostat of a paper and
it was shown to be written by another man, and I subsequently received
an apology from Mr. Wood, the chairman of the committee.
Now, 1 think Mr. Jackson is right, when you lend your name you
do give certain influence, and when the committee lends its name
in certain statements concerning me it is doing precisely the same
thing, and that is why I am here asking this record to be cleared.
Mr. Velde. We will cooperate in every way in clearing the record
and that is the purpose of this hearing.
Bishop Oxnam. Thank you, sir.
Mr. Walter. Bishop, don't you feel that when a person whose name
does lend something to an organization permits his name to be used
he is charged with a greater degree of responsibility in connection
with the use of his name than is someone whose name isn't significant?
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, sir, I do agree ; and I think this
Mr. Walter. Then don't you think that you were, to say the least,
very careless in permitting your name to be used by anybody that
saw fit to be using it?
Bishop Oxnam. I have not allowed my name to be used by anybody
that saw fit. If you will list all that has been brought in here — you
have a handful of organizations, and I think I have shown in some
cases, I believe, these organizations were worthy organizations.
I don't lend my name loosely, and I don't think this committee
would like to feel it was lending the committee prestige loosely to
the circulation of information concerning me. It is the same thing.
Mr. Jackson. Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Velde. Mr. Jackson.
Mr. Jackson. Is it truly spreading misinformation when there
comes into the possession of a committee of Congress, or any other
responsible group, material which lists in printed form the name of an
individual or group of individuals as being associated with suspect
organizations ? Is there not a reasonable assumption, in the light of
our personal experiences through life, that in at least some of the cases,
the use of the name is authorized? In the final analysis a man's char-
acter is in his own charge and he can neither delegate responsibility for
its misuse nor escape the consequences of subsequent disclosures of its
use by unauthorized persons.
If it is simply a matter of one letterhead, Bishop — and I mention
this because of your reference to Norman Vincent Peale — that is one
thing. I do not know whether Mr. Peale's name appears on a number
of such documents or not, but I am inclined to think that it does not.
In your case they are not few in number. The total forms a con-
siderable amount of documentation.
It appears to me that the committee would certainly be derelict if
it did not draw upon all available sources for the information it must
have.
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3675
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, I have been asked a question by Mr.
Jackson. I would very much like to answer it.
One of the proposals I made to this committee had to do with the
release of such items before an individual was consulted to find out
whether or no the material was true. Now, there is the funda-
mental issue. If, for instance, you receive information and then with
an investigative setup such as this committee must possess fail to
come even 300 yards to an office to ask whether or not this is true
and you still release it, that to me is the question, and it would seem
to me there ought to be some procedure whereby we do not release
material concerning an individual that is unverified, for which the
committee assumes no responsibility, and Mr. Wood wrote me saying
that the release of these files does not represent a conclusion or an
opinion of the committee, and yet here went out a story that I had
written an article that I never had written. It did me considerable
damage, and I could go through listing others. That is what I am
trying to get at, sir.
Mr. Velde. Certainly, Bishop, that is not the fault of the committee.
You must blame that on someone else besides the committee if the
story went out that was adverse to you and quoted some of the mate-
rial in the public files. The committee, as I said before, only assembles
this information which has been made public a long time ago.
Bishop Oxnam. But, Mr. Chairman, when the committee will send
out a statement that was not a matter of public information, namely,
that I had written an article that I hadn't, and I cited the paper, and
that goes out, sir, with the official letterhead of this committee, and
the committee says it has no responsibility for it, I can't understand
that because that article was a matter of public record, it is true, but
I hadn't written it, and I sent the photostat here which showed that
another person had written it, and that is the point.
Mr. Velde. That was an occurrence that happened during the 82d
Congress.
Bishop Oxnam. It happened during the time Mr. Wood was chair-
man of the committee, and he himself sent me a copy of the release
which had been sent to Senator Wherry, including that, and that
same release was sent to other individuals upon request, just as, for
instance, on I think it was March 31 of this year when one of our
own leaders of our church wrote you for the file concerning me. You
released that file ; it went to him, and those files have been going out,
and that, to me, is the embarrassing thing.
If we could get the files straight, or a man who is concerned could
be interviewed, I would have come over here to sit down with anybody,
your investigators, your counsel, or anybody, and talked it over.
Mr. Velde. Let me say this, that as far as our actions, the actions
of this committee of the 83d Congress, are concerned, we are certainly
not responsible for the actions of our predecessors.
However, I do feel that Judge Wood, in his chairmanship of this
committee, has been entirely fair and has done everything he could
in line of his duty imposed upon him, like it is imposed upon us at
the present time, to expose the persons, to expose subversive propa-
ganda. Judge Wood is a great American, and he did everything that
he could to be fair to people who appeared before this committee as a
witness, and to be fair to the American public.
3676 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, I know I have heard it spoken of
that there has been distinct improvement in the matter under this
committee, and one appreciates that very much, but in the case of
Mr. Wood, I do not know the gentleman. I never met him. It was
months before I could get even an acknowledgment to the letter, and
I was requesting respectfully that these files be so changed that they
tell the truth, and I had to write again and again, and even send tele-
grams before I could get a response.
That is what I am talking about, sir, and it puts one in an awfully
difficult light here to appear to be combating a committee. That isn't
it at all.
Mr. Velde. Bishop, I am sure we are trying to accommodate you
and counsel, and if we go on with this we will not finish by midnight.
Bishop Oxnam. Thank you.
Mr. Clardy. May I ask a question ?
Mr. Velde. Yes.
Mr. Clardy. First, I will preface it this way, that I am sure you
have no complaint about the speed with which we granted you a hear-
ing here today. You must assume that as soon as you requested an
opportunity to appear here your request was granted at once.
Bishop Oxnam. That is true, and you adjusted the time due to the
fact that I was going to Europe, and the chairman's telegram was very,
very cordial.
Mr. Clardy. I mentioned earlier that we have about ready, as soon
as the printer returns it, some very important testimony that you were
discussing before this last question came up, and that is of the methods
that the Communists used in getting good names as a front. I want to
recommend it to you because you will discover in that testimony when it
comes out some very startling facts about groups and about the gen-
eral plan.
Now, my question is this : Don't you think that anyone who occupies
a position in connection with education, or a clergyman, does, as Mr.
Walter has suggested, occupy a special position that calls for a special
care in these troubled days in joining any organization, since the
Communists have spread their conspiracy so far? Don't you think
that this committee, therefore, is doing a good job in letting all of
you know who these organizations are and how the Communists
operate ?
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Clardy, when this committee published a vol-
ume called Communism in Action, which, I believe, was largely under
the direction of Mr. Griffiths, Dr. Griffiths, the librarian in Congress,
that is, the legislative research librarian, it did an excellent job, and if
you will pardon me, sir, I could use the method that has been used in
misrepresenting many of us — I am not saying the committee.
I could take the description of religion in Russia that appeared in
that book and show that one was guilty of such sympathy for Russia
that he ought to be hauled up. What was happening ? It was a correct
description of what was going on. That is what we need. We need
the facts, and the kind of volume that you mentioned.
When we deal with the facts, that is what we need. When we have
the releases, however, that are not factual, that begins to involve a
man's personal liberty, and that is the issue I am after here.
Mr. Doyle. Mr. Chairman.
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3677
Mr. Velde. Mr. Doyle.
Mr. Doyle. This has apparently been about a 15-minute period of
observations. I just wish to make the observation, therefore, that I
think the members of the committee, my colleagues, have manifested
much wisdom in these last few minutes with the Bishop, and I think
the Bishop also has given the benefit of much wisdom and suggestions
to the committee.
I would be less than true to myself if I didn't say that I think the
Bishop has given us something to think about, as well as I think we
have given him something to think about.
Bishop Oxnam. Thank you.
Mr. Velde. Thank you.
Now, may we proceed in regular order.
Mr. Kunzig. Mr. Chairman, I should like to offer in evidence, then,
this document marked "Oxnam Exhibit No. 21," which the witness has
already seen, American Committee for Spanish Freedom.
Mr. Velde. Without objection, it will be admitted.
(The letterhead American Committee for Spanish Freedom above
referred to was received in evidence as Oxnam exhibit No. 21.)
Mr. Kunzig. I should like to turn, sir, to another organization en-
titled "The National Committee To Abolish the Poll Tax." 13 The
National Committee To Abolish the Poll Tax, I might add, Mr. Chair-
man, is a cited organization by the California committee as a Com-
munist organization.
Your name, sir, is listed as one of the sponsors of this organization.
I hand you a document marked "Oxnam Exhibit No. 23" so that you
may see the date, March 8, 1946, in which this cited Communist organ-
ization has you listed as a sponsor. (See pp. 3687 and 3688.)
It was cited, sir, so the record may be correct, in 1947, a year after
this time when you were listed.
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, I don't know anything about this
organization. I would like to see the poll tax abolished, as a matter
of fact. That is an opinion that has no relevance here, but I don't
know anything about this organization.
> I do see the name of a lady I know, Mary McLeod Bethune, a dis-
tinguished Negro leader, and I don't know the others.
I would have to answer, to the best of my recollection, I have no
knowledge concerning this, although I do see the name of the Rt. Rev.
Henry W. Hobson, the Episcopal bishop of southern Ohio here, and
if I had time — I see here another one, Fiorello H. LaGuardia. And
I am interested in this, sir ; I find the name of the Most Rev. Robert
Lucey, of the Roman Catholic Church, in this list.
I must say it is a pretty good list. Here is Mrs. J. D. Bragg, who
is the head of the Women's Organization of the Methodist Church.
I had never seen this before that I recall, but I wouldn't be likely
to be thought in bad company in the light of some of the names that
I have read there.
I must say I don't recall it, sir, and that is the best answer I can
give.
13 The California Committee on Un-American Activities in its 1947 report p 45 de-
scribes the National Committee To Abolish the Poll Tax as "amon? the Communist-front
organizations for racial agitation" which "serve several other important Communist Party
purposes. To begin with they are splendid money-collecting media, but more important,
they serve as special political organizing centers for the racial minority they pretend to
champion."
3678
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 21
(Part 1)
AMERICAN COMMITTEE for SPANISH FREEDOM
55 West 42nd Street • New York 18, N. Y. • LAckawanna 4-9814
NATIONAL OFFICERS:
BISHOP LEWIS O. HARTMAN
Cbmrmatt
DR. RUTH NANDA ANSHEN
Vic»-Cbnrwum
S. L. M. BARLOW
HON. JOHN M. COFFEE
Vict-Cbm
BARTLEY C CRUM
ALLAN CHASB
SAMUEL J. NOVICK.
JOSEPH SWEAT
VUt-Cbmrmsn
Ttmumtr
Dktttor
EXECUTIVE BOARD:
Tbonu Bouchard
CH-. Loui. Finger
Lp— Pomaranea
Martin Pepper
Edward Robuuaal
H«rf*«rt A. WU.
Artittt & Samviiti Common*:
BanoattCarf
PukLmal
YaDaPaaai
lltrlmtb Commitut:
pUT.W.EObDntM
Or. T. S. Marina
Dr. Jaka A. Mukv
P.... WlUJaa Howard ai.ua*
Dr. A- Clayton PewaU. Jr.
Dr. W. Staalay Brcr.lt
Dr. HobartW. Saarla
Ltior CommiUmv
EalaaaP.Caa.Ur
JaaaaaCarraa
JwBoMs
Vomn's Commitm
Mr*. Frrdlaand da
Mra. Burton Eramatt
Mr.. B. W. Haaaaca
All.. Jaraaa
MmrCasrta Mankdi
Mra. Uaaal Parora. Jr.
Mr*. VbKaat Saaaaa
Cbtpurt:
January 21, 1946
H on. John S. Wood, dial -man
House Committee on Un-American Activities
House Qffice Bloc.
Washington, D. C.
Bear Sir!
Tour request that this organization voluntarily produce Its
book* and records for your Committee on January 33rd was not
wholly unexpected. One of our sponsors, Dr. Norman Vincent
Peal e, had already been approached by your Committee. This
approach, If it may be called that, was more in the form of
a threat than anything else. To quote Dr. Peale himself:
■I received a long distance telephone call recently from
a man who identified himself as being connected with the
House of Representatives "Committee on Un-American Activi-
ties," commonlv '<nown as the Bankin Committee. This man
expressed concern that I should be included on the roster
of a committee known as the American Committee for Spanish
Treedom. This committee Is headed by Bishop L.O.Hartman,
resident In the Boston area of The Methodist Church.
■Starting with Bishops Hartnrn =.nd MConnell, the man
phoning me went through the entire roll of the committee
and stated why be regarded each man mentioned as being
either a Communist In fact or as a 'front" or fellow
traveler. He asked rae to repudiate the Spanish Committee
Thv, I cannot Imagine, unless he wanted to use It in some
way to damage the Spanish Committee a
"I then told him that I had known Bishops Hartman and
MeConnell all my life, and that if they are Communists,
80 am I. He asked why these bishops were always "mired 1 '
up with Communists," and I replied that a bishop had to
associate with all kinds of people, sometimes even church
committees. He still seemed to mourn my association with
these "reds."
•As a matter of fact, T do not care who is on the Spanish
Committee, or what their social point of view may be. I
believe conditions in Spain are bad, and I want to do
something about it. If Joe St -lin himself wants to go
along with ne on that, It's O.K. with me. That does not
Dean I have become a Communist." (Sions Herald-Hov.28,1945)
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3679
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 21
(Part 2)
-2-
To: Hon John S. Wood January 21, 1946
"As a natter of f*.et, I do not car© who is :>n the Spanish
Committee, of what their social point of view nay oe* I
believe conditions in Spain are bad, and I want to do some-
thing about it. If Joe Stalin hinsolf wants to go along
with no on that, it's O.K.„with me* That does not mean
I have become a Communist •"
(Zlons Herald, November 28, 1945)
Since the House Commit too on Un-American Activities is charged to investigate
the extent, character and objects of UN-American propaganda activities in the
United States; the diffusion within the United States of subversive and Un-
American propaganda that is instigated from foreign countries, or of a domestic
origin, end attacks the principles of our form of government as guaranteed by
our Constitution; and all other questions in relation thereto that would aid
Congress in any necessary remedial legislation, we naturally shall not comply
with your request*
By no stretch of the imagination can the American Committee for Spanish Freedom,
which is devoted to the welfare and interest of the American people, be called
Un-American*
For your information, the American Committee for Spanish Freedom is an organi-
zation that was formed in July, 1944 for the primary purpose of organizing
support for Congressman John M. Coffee* s Resolution, H» Res. 100, which was
later amended to H. Res. 312. We enclose copies of both resolutions*
If your commit teoi would take the time to study these resolutions end speeches
and would further investigate and make public the documented records in the
files of the state Department on Axis-Franco relationships, you would be forced
to conclude that only those who support Franco are Un-American, end that the
American way would be best exemplified by this country's keeping clean of
fascist Spain by breaking all diplomatic and commercial relations with the
Franco reglno*
We look forward to your support of H. Ros. 312.
Respectfully yours,.
(Signed) Lewis 0* Hartnen
Chairman
AMERICAN CCJfflOirEa FOR SPANISH FREEDOM
All members of the House Committoe on Un-.'jierican Actlvit io»
Hon.' Sam Rayburn, Speaker of the House of Representatives
3680 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 21
(Part 3)
SPONSORS:
Rev. Mtlvin Abson
Rev. Charles B. Ackley
Louis Adamlc
Samuel Hopkins Adam*
James Luther Adams
Stella Adler
Marian Anderson
Claudio Arrau
Bishop J. C. Baker
Wade Crawford Barclay
S. N. Behrman
Albert Bein
William Rose Benet
Elmer A. Benson
Mrs. Nicolai Berezovsky
Leonard Bernstein
Alvah Bessie
Rev. L. M. Birkhead
Algernon D. Black
Anita Block
Isidore Blumberg
Dr. Ernst P. Boas
Alexander Brailowaky
Joseph Brainin
Van Wyck Brooks
Prof. Edwin Berry Burffum
Sam Burt
Merlyn A. Chraffel
Stewart Chaney
Jerome Chodorov
Thomas Christensen
Rev. Karl M. Chworowsky
Walter Van Tilburg Clark
Mrs. Alma Clayburgh
Charles Collins
Rev. T. C. Cooper
Aaron Copland
Bishop Fred P. Corson
Norman Corwin
William Cosgrove
John H. Cowles .
Dr. Leo M. Davidoff
Jo Davidson
Rev. A. Powell Davie*
M. Ft. Davis
Dal* Dewltt
Howard Dietz
Dr. R. E. Diffendorfer
Dean Dixon
Mrs. Louis Dolivet
Guy Pene DuBois
Vernon Duke
Frederick May Eliot
• Clifford Evans
William Feinberg
Lawrence Fernsworth
Jose Ferrer
Betty Field
Mrs. W. Osgood Field
Abram Flaxer
Eleanor Fowler
Charles Friedman
Walter Frisbie
Stephen H. Fritchman
William S. Gailmor
Hugo Gellert
Mortimer Gellis
Irving Gilman
Mrs. Harold K. Ginzburg
H. Glintemkamp
Louis Goldblatt
Mrs. Israel Goldstein
Ruth Gordon
D. W. Greene
James Griesl
William Cropper
Chalm Gross
Rev. Albert R. Hahn
E. Y. Harburg
Mrs. J. Borden Harrlman
Moss Hart
The Very Rev. H. S. Hathaway
Mrs. William C. Hayes
Rev. Stanley B. Hazzard
Dr. I. W. Held
Lillian Hellman
Rev. Warren C. Herrlck.
George R. Hewlett.
H. G. Hightower
Randall S. Hilton
Rev. Chester E. Hodgson
Libby Holman
Leo Huberman
Alice Hughes
Rev. M. P. Huntingtpn
Mrs. Raymond V. Ingertoll
Stanley M. Isaacs
Burl Ives
Nathan Jacobson
Sam Jaffe
Crockett Johnson
Albert E. Kahn
Aben Kandel
Cecrge S. Kaufman
Dr. Foster Kennedy
Rockwell Kent
James V. King
Alexander Klpnis
Dr. C. Franklin Koch
Rev. John M. Krumm
Mrs. James L. Laidlaw
Harold Lane
Wilbur Laroe, Jr.
Kenneth Leslie
- Rabbi Israel Lever, thai
Samuel Lewis
David Lord
Rev. Donald G. Lothrop
Louis Lozowick
' Pierre Luboshutz
Dr. John A. MacCallum
Fritz Mahler
Albert Maltz
Alicia Markova
Benjamin C. Marsh
Elsa Maxwell
Dorothy McConnell
Bishop Francis J. McConnell
John T. McManus
Lewis Merrill
Nathan Milstein
Hortense Monath
Rev. G. Moore Morgan
Dr. John R. Mott
Zero Mostel
Morris Muster
Frederick N. Myers
Mrs. Richard Myers
Rabbi F. Neuman
Rev. William L. Nieman
Isamu Noguchi
Rev. Rowland F. Nye
Clifford Odets
Sarah Oppehheimer
Sono Osato
Bjjhjjg G. Bromley Oxnam
Jack Paley
Cyrus R. Pangborn
Rev. E. W. Parmelea
Rev. Edward L. Parson*
Rev. B. Pascals
ElUot Paul
Dr. Norman Vincent Peal*
Dr. John M. Pearson
Wilfrid Pelletier
W. W. Peters
A. C. Petty
Mlshel Piastro
Gregor Platlgorsky
Dr. Louis W. Pitt
Rabbi Benjamin Plotldn
i Dr. Gordon Poteat
Rabbi Julius J. Price
Michael J. Quill
Rev. David Ralston
Minnie F. Rands
Samson Raphaelson
Kenneth G. Read
Anton Refregier
Rev. Thomas Rehorn
Mrs. Bernard Reiss
Elmer Rice
Rev. B. C. Robeson
Raymond Robin*
Mrs. Nathaniel Ross
' Rev. John Saunders
Dr. Bela Schik
Mrs. William J. Schieffelln
Artur Schnabel
Mrs. M. Lincoln Schuster
Bernard Segal
Joseph Selly
Lisa Sergio
D. R. Sharpe
Dr. Guy Emery Shlpler
William L. Shirer
Mrs. William L. Shirer
' Herman Shumlin
Mrs. Kenneth F. Simpson
Dr. Joseph R. Slzoo
Edgar Snow
Dr. Ralph Sockman
Moses Soyer
Raphael Soyer
Dr. Sigmund Spaeth
Joseph Stack
Johannes Steel
Estelle M. Sternberger
"Donald Ogden Stewart
Rev. Stanley I. Stuber
F. M. Swing
Genevieve Taggard
Alva W. Taylor
Frank E. Taylor
Max Torchin
Mark Van Doren
Pierre Van Paassen
Erwin Wagner
Nym Wale*
J. Raymond Walsh
Charles Weldman
Kurt Weill
Louis Weinstock
Henry N. Wleman
Rev. Claude Williams
James Waterman Wis*
Mrs. Stephen S. Wis*
Dr. Gregory Zllborg
Mrs. Gregory Zllborg
William Zorach
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
3681
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 22
(Part 1)
PR0T€STfl fl T DIGEST
James L Adams
S. R. Herbert
Russell C. Barbour
L M. Birkhead
Charles S. Bradeh
Bernard C. Clausen
Jerome Davis
Mark: A. Dawber
Frsderick M. Eliot
Hewlett Johnson
Rufus M. Jones
Donald Lothrop
Edited by Kenneth Leslie
Contributing Editors
Pierre van Paassen
Editorial Advisers
J. A. MacCallum
John A. Mackay
John Macmurray
Clifton Macon
Francis J. McConnell
R. S. Meadowcroft
Conrad H. Moehlman
James Moffatt
Louie D. Newton
Walter M. Horton
Paul Tiluch
G, Bromley Oxnam
A. Clayton Powell
Edwin McN. Poteat
Leonhard Ragaz
Raymond Robins
Ve>a D. Scudder
Douglas V. Steere
Gregory Vlastos
Rufus W. Weaver
Henry N. Wieman
Vol. Ill
June-July, 1941
No. 12
MSGR. SHEEN AND CLERICAL-FASCISM
Editorial by BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
It is not a far cry from the assumptions of finality to
those authoritarian practices that destroy opposition, and
reveal the essence of Fascism. Dictatorship is repugnant
to free men, whether it be that of a state or of a church.
It makes little difference whether it be a brown shirt, a
black shirt, a red shirt, or a shirt with the collar on back-
wards. Lei the church remember that the political shirt-
makers are sewing at once with a double thread, "a
shroud as well as a shirt." If religionists march the
road' of dictatorship it will become the march of death.
THE opinions of the distinguished Monsignor Fulton J. Sheen
are entitled to respectful consideration. He is at once a
thoughtful personality and a spokesman for one of the great
Christian churches.
3682 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 22
(Part 2)
2 PROTESTANT DIGEST June-July
Recently, writing upon the question of post-war political
and social organization, he said: ". . . there should be created
an international organization which will respect the rights of
God, assure mutual independence of peoples, impose fidelity
to agreements and safeguard the true liberty and dignity of the
human person."
Seeking to implement this proposal, he calls for a legisla-
tive and executive body, "a judicial body which would pass
final judgments on the problems submitted through democratic
processes by the legislative bodies" and a coercive body to
assure obedience to decisions.
Then follows a statement that is the occasion for this edi-
torial: "The judicial body would be composed exclusively of
representatives of religious groups, and would be empowered
to direct nations to the higher good of the human community
. . . the point of having such a judicial body of this kind is to
insure that in the future war be declared by ethical and moral
groups and not by political groups, as they are at present . . .
too long has politics set limits to religion; it is now time for re-
ligion to set limits to politics and to politicians."
Monsignor Sheen is willing to leave to the Jewish and
Protestant religionists their right to nominate their representatives
to this judicial body. He assures us the Catholic Church is an
organization peculiarly qualified to name its representatives,
and because of its catholicity offers "a sure token of impar-
tiality."
What happens to democracy when churches seek to set
limits to politics, and how a body appointed by a church when
declaring war can avoid becoming political, he does not explain.
But such a proposal raises serious questions. Does the
Roman Catholic Church really look forward to the day when it
will choose judges for a World Court, and if so, does it antici-
pate similar action in choosing judges for lower courts? Is the
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3683
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 22
(Part 3)
1941 MSGR. SHEEN AND CLERICAL-FASCISM 3
World Court, or judicial body proposed, to be composed exclu-
sively of Christians? What of Hindu, Mohammedan, Buddhist, and
other religious bodies?
If it be wise to turn to the Church for choice in judicial
matters, by what logic do v/e avoid asking the church to choose
our executives and legislators? What happens to the democratic
principle of all the people participating in choosing their repre-
sentatives? In a word, is there implicit in this suggestion the
repudiation of democracy, and the setting up of a new dicta-
torship?
The suggestion that Jews and Protestants name their repre-
sentatives is a generous one. But Jews and Protestants are not
suggesting such procedure.
Furthermore, it is a little difficult to reconcile this "right to
nominate" with the theory of the state expounded by Ryan and
Millar in The State and the Church. Commenting upon the En-
cyclical of Pope Leo XIII entitled The Christian Constitution o/
States, the Rev. John A. Ryan says: "In a genuinely Catholic
State, public authority should not permit the introduction of new
forms of religion; but when several denominations have already
been established, the State may, and generally should, permit
them all to exist and to function. The reason is that the attempt
to suppress them would on the whole be injurious to the com-
monwealth."
Without discussing the implications of this statement b.y
Dr. Ryan, it must be seen at once that the basic principles of
the Bill of Rights are repudiated. However, it is apparent that in
a genuinely Catholic world, the right of the Protestant church to
exist appears to be denied Of what use is it to suggest the
lesser right "to nominate"?
Here is the essense of the proposal: One church, if the
above quotations represent it, thinks in terms of choosing officers
who shall "pass final judgments on the problems submitted
3684 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 22
(Part 4)
4 PROTESTANT DIGEST June-July
through democratic processes by legislative bodies." It rests
finally upon certain assumptions, chief of which is that the
Roman Catholic Church is the one true church, the one body
commissioned by Our Lord to teach all nations, the one organi-
zation possessing the right to speak with final authority in the
realm of religion. In history this assumption has been associated
with a practice, namely the control of the State wherever power
to control exists.
I do not believe that American Catholics will give assent
to this proposal, to whom the assumptions on which it rests must
be as repugnant as they are to Evangelical Christians. Neither
American Catholics nor American Protestants believe that the
doctrine of the separation of Church and State is but a "shib-
boleth." [This was the epithet used by Archbishop Spellman of
New York.— Ed.]
It is very difficult for one who has cooperated in every effort
to unite Catholic, Jew and Protestant, who has spoken out against
those intolerances manifest in Ku Klux Klan and similar organi-
zations, to be forced to raise a word of warning. The Roman
Catholic Church, quite properly, has been given freedom in this
land of freedom. It has been given freedom by the people. In a
democracy final political authority rests in the people. The church
is dependent upon the civil liberties of democracy for the free-
dom to preach and teach. Democracy is dependent upon the
church for those great over-mastering ideals that will insure that
men given freedom will not abuse it. But the church places its
own freedom in jeopardy if it ridicules the separation of Church
and State; if it continues to insist upon the public support of
private schools; if it countenances practices tantamount to boy-
cott in endeavors to deny free speech to those with whom it
disagrees; if it cooperates with "genuinely Catholic" states in
suppressing evangelical churches and their institutions as in
Spain. It is hardly good sportsmanship, much less Christianity,
to demand freedom for Catholics in lands predominantly Protes-
tant, while justifying denial of freedom to Protestants in lands
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3685
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 22
(Part 5)
1941 COMMENTS ON "SAVE PROTESTANT ENGLAND' 5
"genuinely Catholic." Coughlinism is not Catholicism, yet
Coughlinism is but a crude expression of the more refined as-
sumptions of clerical-Fascism.
It is not a far cry from the assumptions oi finalUy to those
authoritarian practices that destroy opposition, and reveal the
essence of Fascism. Dictatorship is Tepugnant to free men,
whether it be that of a state or ot a church. It makes little dtf*
ference whether it be a brown shirt, a black shirt, a red shirt QT
a shirt with the collar on backwards. Let the church remember
that the political shirt-makers are sewing at once with a. double
thread, "a shroud as well as a shirt." If religionists march the
road of dictatorship, it will become the march of death.
Can we not unite as Catholic, Jew and Protestant sin-
cerely affirming faith in democracy, and in the spirit of Christ
and the prophets, seek to discover the bases of a Just and
durable peace? Is it not possible for the Church, separated from
the State, to render a spiritual service absolutely impossible
when assuming the functions of the State? The world awaits a
revelation of the principles upon which permanent peace may
be organized. It calls for the unifying force essential to world
law and order. It desperately needs the motivating force essen-
tial to brotherhood. Is it not enough for the church to reveal the
Way, the Truth and the Life of Our Lord, win the allegiance of
men until they walk in that Way, incarnate that Truth, and live
that Life, and following the command of the Christ find its life by
losing it, rather than to attempt to become both State and
Church?
3686 TESTIMONT OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
Mr. Scherer. It is a Communist organization ; that is obvious, isn't
it?
Bishop Oxnam. I don't know that this is a Communist organiza-
tion. All I am told is by counsel, and that this has been cited.
It would seem to me if there could be some method whereby these
organizations could be heard, and in the American way they could
present their testimony to a committee of this kind, then if they say
they are cited, well and good ; but the Attorney General's list, I think,
wasn't made up on the basis of hearings, was it ?
Mr. Scherer. Well, of course, if the other people were like yourself,
whose name appears on the list, they couldn't very well testify as to
the name of the organization if they didn't know anything about it,
could they ?
Bishop Oxnam. I suppose you could call in the whole group and if
you thought there were subversion there you would get it sooner or
later.
Excuse me, sir ; I didn't mean to answer back.
Mr. Kunzig. May I continue?
Mr. Velde. Proceed.
Mr. Kunzig. I should like, also, to put on the record the names of
Julius Emspak, whom you didn't mention, who is mentioned as a Com-
munist Party member, and Donald Ogden Stewart, who is mentioned
as a Communist Party member. Let's keep the record straight.
Bishop Oxnam. I only read the names I knew there, and I didn't
read all of them, as a matter of fact.
Mr. Velde. May I say to the audience again that if another dem-
onstration like that takes place, either of approval or disapproval, I
shall ask the sergeant at arms and the members of the Capitol Police
force to escort anyone who makes such an indication of approval or
disapproval out of the hearing room.
Bishop Oxnam. I am sorry, Mr. Chairman, my remarks occasioned
that. I didn't mean it in any way other than just the statement of
fact.
Mr. Kunzig. I offer in evidence this document marked "Oxnam
Exhibit No. 23," Mr. Chairman, and wish to make it clearly under-
stood for the record that this National Committee To Abolish the Poll
Tax is a cited Communist organization.
Mr. Velde. Without objection, it willbe admitted into the record.
(The letterhead of the National Committee To Abolish the Poll Tax
above referred to was received in evidence as Oxnam exhibit No. 23.)
Mr. Kunzig. I turn to the Committee on Militarism in Educa-
tion
Mr. Moulder. May I ask a question?
Mr. Velde. Mr. Moulder.
Mr. Moulder. Do I understand your answer to this question was
that you did not authorize the use of your name in this connection?
Bishop Oxnam. I said I have no recollection of that at all, sir. I
don't recall ever having seen that document or having relationship
with the organization. I wish I could answer definitely. I simply
don't recall.
Mr. Velde. If you do find out later that you did belong to this or-
ganization, the committee would appreciate it very much if you would
notify them of your recollection.
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3687
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 23
(Part 1)
NATIONAL COMMITTEE TO ABOLISH THE POLL TAX
127 6 ST. S E. • WASHINGTON 3. D. C. • JNCOLN 4820 • 4821
JENNINGS RERRY •*'"t»INE SiRYVER
Chcrawo
OR WILL ALEXANDER
HON GEORGE H. BENDER
MARY MeLEOD BETHUNE
VIRGINIA EOSTER DURR
V.ce Ckrimwi
OINA BLOCH
TrMfaMCf
March 8, 1946
i'e'.y »• $♦-.••••'*
Your letter of Pebruary 14 finally reached us through the forwarding
process. Ve no longer have an office in Sew York.
Ve do not have a list of speakers whom *© supply for meetings. v ery
frequently, however, we can and are very glad to secure a speaker for
speelflo gatherings. There is no fee for this. An organisation mi*ht
be asked te pay traveling expenses for someone te come from a near by
city.
We were very pleased to hear of your Interest in having a meeting on
the poll tax question. Prom the stand point of the status of anti-
poll tax legislation, it would be fine to have one this Spring when
H.H, 7 the federal anti-poll tax bill will probably be on the senate
floor, and the focus of considerable attention. Every effort now Is
being made to get it up after action on the 65 cent minimum wage amend-
ment, which would probably mean In April. The bill passed the House by
an overwhelming vote last June, and was reported favorably by the Senate
Judiciary Committee on October 5th. We are very hopeful of a victory in
the Senate.
If you can, have your meeting while the bill Is pending, the topic would
be timely later, but the question would be handled In a different manner.
Therefore, we oan not very will suggest any particular speaker until your
plans are batter orystallsed, but we will be glad to cooperate with you.
Separately we are sending you a collection of our materials on the poll
tax. These are available In quantity, if you should want to order them
for distribution.
Since rely yours.
Kuh— £ ^~r-
uopwa 27 Mrs. Catherine ^hryver
K3RTY-ONE -dc<y 'tp/etenltliv* MlioMl oiq«».ul«x»l o" o«»» «p->»w ««d tupp:>» tfc« .o<l of •». N.i.onal C:-»">.»»» •« Aool.iS M>«
RaM T,. StO'K ol ««t.o«»lly l.o.« .'d...d„.ll •:» *»d«ne <«d luppo't H Tk»,. *•*.*« ..II b. It.u-d -" '•>• >»•<•• ol lh.| |K«.I.
3688 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 23
(Part 2)
SPONSORING ORGANIZATIONS
Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority • Alpha Phi Alpha • American Ci.<l Liberties Union • Amenun Federal on ot' Leber •
American Fede-etion o* Labor Women » Au>il'ar.et • A-ier.cen U-i.tarlen Ycuth • B-ctt-e-t-ood c-l Reload Tre.nmen •
Church League tor l-dutt'iel Democracy • C; cod Vo'e-t League of America • Co-rj-ei* ol l->du»»r,«l Orgeniietiont e
Conqrett ol Wc-men t Auxiliaries • Council Ageintt Into'ere-ice in A~erice • Delta Slqma Thate e Farmen Educe' ; onal
s-d Cooperate Union e Fraternal Council o> Negro Churchet • Improved 6enevo : «nt an-J Protective Oder of Eli ol
•it World • I- dependent CJIiltrs' CaxitniHee of the Art». Science* end r> Uitiont • Inte'netlonel Labor De'ente •
League e' Woman Shoopert • He fiats* I A>«ocIa*ion fo- -h* Adva-ce-ic-' o< Colo-ad People • Netimal Atiocletlon c'
Colored Graduate Nurtee. Inc. • HjticW Bar Au» la-ion • Nat. oral Con'conce if Social Worl • Na'ical Council
-J Nagro Wor.>on • National Farm Leber Union • Na-.cn v Fode'ation fir Coniiituticnal Libert, at • Ne-.'oe Fea<ve
♦ : c« of Sa'tement. • National Intercollegiate D'ij- Coun: . • Na'.onel Lawyers Gu d • Na'lcal Ne-'c Bbtineit
.cogue • National Negro Congrats • National U'Lan League • Ne'lona 1 Wo»m Trade Unr-n Lenguo • Pa. »ey
i.eb - r E'eCLtlvet Attocletioa • Southern Conference : jr Humer Welfare • Southern Negro Youth Conqrcit • T «'i«"d
►«n • United Chrittien Council for Democracy • United Council ol Church Women. Natiene' Board • W-t» s C — -.* in
Service Divitlo" of 'he Metnodilt Church • Young Women t C-' »' en Allocation
SPONSORS
George F. Addot a Hon. Cr«*. W. Aadonen. Jr. e Mm. Sherwood AnrJo-ton e C. A. Armitrong a El,;, Aultin a
Hi". Joeaph Dark Baldwin • Harry C. Betei • William Rote Brret • Barry Bingham •' Uzrtra t.. B'vd
• Mrt. J. D. Bragg • Irving Brant • Rebo. Bernett R Brieve' • Hor. Arthur Carper • ?. T, Cerle'co •
Robert R. Church • Or. Edwin L Clarke • Dr. fiuf js C C cment • William F. Cochrn- • W Hem H.
Crawford a Hon. William L (Wo* • Or. Dale DaWiH a Or. J. Frank Oobia • Or. Charlat R. Drew a Mi Elizabeth
Dutonbary a Stanley Eerl a Thomas H. Eliot a Judqe Henry (llenbogen e J u liui Empek a Robert Ourent Fel'd a
Marshall Field • Hon. Joeaph E. Finerty a Albert J. Fitsgereld • John Anton Ford e Dr. Clerk Foreman • 0'. Harry
(marten Fotdicl • Hon. Jeaoph Gavdqaa • Mr*. Lot Geyt/ a R av . Frarct J. Gilligen a Rabbi Solomon Goldman a
Dr. Itraol Goldttein a b>. Frank P. eVan am a Dean Leon Green e William Green a Dean William H. Hattle • Hon.
Vnute Hill a Rt. Rav. Henry W. Hefaeon a Charlat H. Hgutton. Jr. a Dean Herbert C. Huntake' • Edward H.
Hun veld a Norman E. Iteees a Raw. Jr V. Jemiton e Rev. W. H. Jemegin • Or. Mordacei W. Jh^tc • Paul
Kellogg o Atty. Sen. Robe. W. Rouen/ a BStfeap Paul Kern a Hon. Fiorallo H. La Guerdia • Ju'iut G. Luhrjen a
Most Reverend Robort Lueey • Mn. Dorothy S. McAllittar a Bohop Frende] J. McConnell a Francit E. McMahon e
? I.;ebem Mogee » Hon. Warran 6>. Magnuton e Hon. VJto Marcentonio • George Manhall • Hon. Jamet M. Mead •
George Moony a O. W. Moody. Jr. a R» v . A. J. Murphy a Philip Murray • Rev. I. George Nece • Mrt. L. L.
O Ccnnell • Bishop G. Bromley Qnnam a R». Rev. Edward L. Penont • JanwM G. Petton a Nelton Poynter a A.
Philip lUrraolph e Emit Rievc a Read Robmton a Mrt. Eleo«or Sooeavelt e Li. Comdr. Chat. Sealy (rat.) a Rabbi
Abba HiKel Sihre- e B<thcf> 0. H. S-r., a Rabbi Morr.t i*op a Donald Ogdon Stewart e R.v John » Th^^rr^p a
R. J. Tfcomei e Mn. M. E. Ti!h/ e Or. Channing H. Taoww e Daniel J. rTobin • M-i Harry B. Tour a Dr. French. E.
To-nwnd a Otwald Ga'rlion Vi"ard e O'ton Wel'ei • D- Charlat H. Wetley e A. F. Whitney • Geome Wlbon •
Dr. J. Finley Wilten e f Stephen S W„, * D- Ma. Ye- m- e Louise Young
Bishop Oxnam. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Kunzig. I now turn to the Committee on Militarism in Edu-
cation, 14 which was another one of the groups that you brought up to
our attention, sir.
In 1935 a letterhead of the Committee on Militarism in Education
reflects the name of Bromley Oxnam as a member of its national
council. (Seep. 3691.)
Kirby Page, a member of the national council, testified before the
Special Committee on Un-American Activities on June 14, 1913.
He stated that the Committee on Militarism in Education was opposed
to military education in schools, and so forth.
u The Committee on Militarism in Education has not been cited by any official body
as a Communist front. It might be noted that the Committee on Militarism in Education
was identified as part of the "United Front" of organizations which signed the call for the
United States Congress Against War, held in New York City, September 29 to October 1,
1933, and which led to the formation of the American League Against War and Fascism.
(Massachusetts house committee on un-American activities, report of June 1938. p. 462.)
The United States Congress Against War and the American League Against War and
Fascism have been cited as Communist by Attorney General Francis Biddle, Special Com-
mittee on Un-American Activities, California committee on un-American activities, and
Massachusetts house committee on un-American activities.
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3689
Now, you stated, I believe, in a Washington newspaper, sir, that
you admitted belonging to the orgnization but saw there was nothing
wrong with it.
Now, I would like to ask you to clarify this situation involving,
I believe, again, something you testified about earlier, the Knoxville
Journal. In the Knoxville Journal you stated "I never belonged
to the organization mentioned and knew nothing about it."
Is this another one of the organizations you mentioned previously
where you say now you belonged to it but previously you said you
had not belonged ?
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, I testified to that clearly and named
the organizations, indicated I had written a letter correcting the origi-
nal statement, and if you will pardon me, sir, it is coming in again
apparently to raise a question as to my veracity.
The Committee on Militarism in Education has never been cited
as a Communist or subversive organization. I did belong to it. I
happen to believe in a strong national defense, but I have never been
convinced that compulsory military training is a wise contribution
to it. I may be wrong. It is debatable.
Mr. Velde. In other words, your statement as quoted in the Knox-
ville Journal was made by you but it was incorrect ?
Bishop Oxnam. I stated, Mr. Chairman, that they quoted a letter
that I had written ; that the letter was in error ; that I wrote a letter
correcting it, and that is in the record earlier in the afternoon.
Mr. Velde. Well, I am a little bit puzzled. Did you make the state-
ment at any time which is quoted in the Knoxville Journal ?
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, sir; I testified I had written a letter to a
minister and had said, I think — I could quote it exactly if I could get
the record — actually I never belonged to any of these organizations
except the American Civil Liberties Union. I sent a letter correcting
that. There were 3 or 4 organizations there not Communist. This
is one, the League for the Organization of Progress, never cited by
this organization; and I think the Fellowship of Eeconciliation — I
was never related to that. There was another one there ; I have for-
gotten what it was.
Mr. Velde. I am a little bit puzzled, too. I am not certain whether
or not you have listed these organizations in your listing included in
Who's Who, that you admittedly belong to. Did you ever list these
organizations ?
Bishop Oxnam. Oh, no. These organizations where you serve,
like in the Committee on Militarism in Education, you would fill
Who's Who with a dozen pages of it if you tried that. These organi-
zations, of course, are not listed there.
Mr. Kunzig. You said the organization was not cited. That is
partially correct. Let me state for the record that the Committee on
Militarism in Education has not been cited in the sense you said as a
Communist front; however, it must be noted that the Committee on
Militarism in Education was cited as a Communist front because the
first United States congress against war held in New York City
September 29 to October 1, 1933, led directly to the formation of the
American League Against War and Fascism. That was cited by the
Massachusetts House Committee on Un-American Activities.
Also, I might note for the record, sir, that the Garland, G-a-r-1-a-n-d
fund, which is a cited Communist group furnishing money to various
43620 — 54 8
3690 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
organizations of the United States of America, furnished over $10,000
to the Committee on Militarism in Education. So the group was tied
in one way or another, Mr. Chairman, with subversive activities.
Bishop Oxnam. I object very strenuously. Here was a legitimate
organization and now by a series of associations there is the apparent
attempt to make it appear that I was related to an organization about
which there was some question. There was no question about that
organization.
Mr. Velde. I previously asked that when you answer the questions
if you didn't belong to the organizations, say so, and if you did, to say
so.
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, I want to do that, but when there is
read into the record all this, what is the purpose?
Mr. Velde. We do want to get through by 12 o'clock. I will appre-
ciate the cooperation of the members of the committee and counsel, as
well.
Mr. Jackson. Mr. Chairman, if the organization received funds
from a Communist source, I believe that is certainly relative to the
makeup or to at least some of the leadership of the organization
concerned.
In the case of the Committee on Militarism in Education, here is an
organization which received $10,000 from a fund which was cited as
Communist, and that is certainly relative to the matters under discus-
sion.
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, are you ruling that I am denied the
privilege of saying anything? I want to abide by your orders, sir,
but that is not quite the way we do things in this country.
The Garland fund has been called Communist by somebody. It
makes a contribution to an organization. I would like to have the
facts rather than these statements. That organization was a worthy
organization. I did belong to it and I don't think the organization
ought to have its reputation attacked in this fashion.
I beg your pardon, sir. You have been very kind to me.
Mr. Velde. You did belong to the Garland
Bishop Oxnam. No, I had nothing to do with the Garland fund
ever. I was a member of the Committee on Militarism in Education.
Mr. Jackson. Mr. Chairman, in order that the record may be ab-
solutely clear, and I don't know at the moment the citation on the
Garland fund
Mr. Kunzig. I have it right here, sir.
Mr. Jackson. I wouldn't question that.
Mr. Velde. Counsel, will you please read it.
Mr. Kunzig. The full title is the American Fund for Public Service,
otherwise known as the Garland fund, established in 1922. It was a
major source for the financing of Communist Party enterprises such
as the Daily Worker and New Masses, official Communist publica-
tions. Federated Press, Russian Reconstruction Farms, and Interna-
tional Labor Defense. William Z. Foster, present chairman of the
Communist Party at the time this was written, and Scott Nearing, a
leading writer for the party, served on the board of directors of the
fund.
That wns the 1944 citation of the Special Committee on Un-Ameri-
can Activities.
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
3691
It was also cited as a Communist front by the California committee,
and is listed as giving more than $1,500,000 in furtherance and support
of left-wing and Marxist projects.
It had as its trustees the leaders of the Communist Party in America,
and that is cited by the Massachusetts House Committee on Un-Ameri-
can Activities in 1938.
I offer in evidence this document marked "Oxnam Exhibit No. 24,"
relating to the Committee on Militarism in Education.
Mr. Velde. Without objection, it will be received.
(The letterhead of the Committee on Militarism in Education, dated
October 1, 1935, above referred to, was received in evidence as Oxnam
exhibit No. 24.)
OXNAM EXHIBIT XO. 24
COMMITTEE ON MILITARISM IN EDUCATION
2929 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY
Bo.
Mm. J. Bn
Ina M. Cat
EXECUTIVE IOAID
P. B...TEI V!>CtL E. LOU
.•
'iiinoiii H. Ti.Tiii
(Mown A. Co«
Trcin P. Stfirw
C>MV«H, Et*r*t x t * £•***
Alvts C. Oobp.id
NATIONAL COUNCIL
VllL W. ALK2A3n>«a
Kbt. V . BCMKU BOWTI
Howitl Bamutoi Bioiri
BaT amd H Cmiirr
\nirt> Corn
Ma*. J. SiMEtrr Cm am
flsr
> Edd
Psor
Rosaai
Moaai
iLorm
P»or
. Hi
kLVOI
m E Li
t-cocm
JlMI
, R
Mai
Fior
DI« MltlLUOHI
cConiu
M»»
Jons F.
Monai
Oan O.
Willi
«■■■•.
Al
TK' «
iE. Mn
»«*»
Far-
*
K >l
o«in*»
A. J.
Xi
pior
. Hi
rt>a-
lo Nim-n
B»
IOMU
IT Oil.
>-~>
r»«
r*»«
Rr. B
re,
Ed*.
• IDl.
P,».o».
October 1, 1935.
Dear Friend:
The enclosed Issue of our news bulletin gives you,
among other things, a rather detailed story on Senator Nye's
and Congressman Kvale 1 s Introduction of bills intending to
outlaw compulsion In R. 0. T. C. units in our civil schools
and colleges. The second enclosure, which is a reprint of
the text of the bills, briefly outlines suggestions for
arousing and giving expression to public support for their
proposed Defense Act amendment.
Additional copies of this reprint, together with
copies of other folders now being propared, are available
for those willing to assist In the drive for the passage of
the Nye-Kvale measure. How many copies oay_ we. send, y^u?
Mow that most Senators and Congressmen are "back
home", I would especially call your attention to the sugges-
tion that small delegations of voting citizens be organized
to call upon them to urge that they use their influence In
securing the passage of the Nye-Kvale bills. Will you under-
take such fin effort In your Congressional district?
Already the Hearst press has attacked Senator Nye
and Mr. Kvale for having introduced their bills. The Hearst
writers seek to discredit the Nye-Kvale measure by making
much of our organization's interest in and support for It,
All these Hearst charges we shall answer in a subsequent Issue
of our r.ews bulletin. Meanwhile, the best answer to Hearst
and his company will be an overwhelming denand for favorable
Congressional action upon these bills which promise to restrict
the extensive militarism which has encroached Itself upon Amer-
ican education since the War.
Please pive your active cooperation to this drive,
and do not hesitate to let us know when we can serve your
local needs.
Sincerely yours
/^"'£c*^<x>— K__^
ICJ.133
Secretary.
/
3692 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
Mr. Doyle. Mr. Chairman, may I make this observation there?
Mr. Jackson's observation seems to me to be very material to know
whether or not the Committee on Militarism in Education had any
notice or knowledge of the fact that the Garland Fund was Commu-
nist. If it did and then received these funds, that is one thing, but
there certainly is no showing here yet today that the Committee on
Militarism in Education during the time that the bishop was a mem-
ber of it had any knowledge of this Garland Fund being Communist
or Communist infiltrated.
(At this point Bishop Oxnam conferred with Mr. Parlin.)
Mr. Jackson. Is the date of this donation or grant to the Committee
on Militarism in Education available, or is it obtainable? If it is, I
think it certainly should go into the record.
Mr. Doyle. It would be very material to have that.
Mr. Velde. Do you have the date on that, Mr. Counsel?
Mr. Kunzig. I have the date of 1935 as the date that Bishop Ox-
nam's name appears on the letterhead, and the date on which the
money went to the organization was in 1925 and 1925. In 1925 and
1926 the organization received money from the Communist fund.
Bishop Oxnam. It is very hard for me to believe the organization
was subversive back there in 1922, and so on. I can't understand
this. I wasn't a member of the Committee on Militarism in Educa-
tion at that time, as you know.
Mr. Kunzig. I think it is important to keep in mind, Mr. Chair-
man, that the Garland Fund didn't give its money around for any
other purpose except to foster the purposes of the Communist Party.
Mr. Frazier. I understand Bishop Oxnam wasn't a member of the
committee at that time ; is that correct ?
Mr. Velde. No, I think you admitted
Bishop Oxnam. I was a member in 1935, or thereabouts. I was
president of DePauw University. We were very much concerned
about the whole question of militarism in education at that time,
and we, of course, were opposed to it. Of course, that was not back
there in the twenties. I was living in California at that time.
Mr. Moulder. Did you have any information concerning the docu-
ment referred to by counsel ?
Bishop Oxnam. None at all.
Mr. Moulder. You are referred to here as an executive in the organi-
zation. What do they call the relationship there? You were a
member of the committee, is that it ?
Mr. Kunzig. He is listed, sir, as a member of the national council of
the committee.
Bishop Oxnam. Well, I don't know what that means, but I was not
a member at that time and had no knowledge of this gift, and I think
the whole question of the organization giving it might well be con-
sidered. I don't know.
Mr. Velde. When did you cease to be a member of this organization ?
Bishop Oxnam. I can't answer that, Mr. Velde. I have no idea.
I was related to it simply during that time when there was the danger
of militarism moving its way into our educational system. Educators
all across the Nation were related to that endeavor.
Mr. Velde. Did you ever resign from the organization ?
Bishop Oxnam. Frankly, I can't recall at the moment whether I
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3693
did or not. I don't know whether the organization is in existence
now or not. I doubt that it is.
Mr. Velde. If you do recall in the future, would you please notify
the committee ?
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, I would be glad to.
Mr. Kunzig. Mr. Chairman, I turn now to the Citizens' Victory
Committee for Harry Bridges. 13 The Citizens' Victory Committee
for Harry Bridges is one of a group of committees
Bishop Oxnam. Could I save you time, Mr. Chairman, by saying
I don't belong to it ?
Mr. Velde. Just a minute. Allow counsel to finish his question.
Mr. Kunzig. The Citizens' Victory Committee for Harry Bridges
issued an undated press release and then a dated letter, April 22, 1943,
signed by the Right Reverend Edward L. Parsons, which also had the
name of one G. Bromley Oxnam listed with Bishop Parsons as one
of those who signed the letter for Harry Bridges. (See Oxnam
exhibit No. 25, pp. 3703-3708.)
This organization, sir, is one of a group of cited organizations
concerning Harry Bridges.
The bishop emphasized before from his answer, and this is the
problem I wanted to raise, sir :
You stated at one point in the newspaper, "I can't say whether
I ever signed the letter," and then in the next sentence you say, "The
important thing is, I never signed the letter," and I wanted to ask
you which was the correct statement.
Bishop Oxnam. Well, you didn't read what is in the record, if you
will pardon me, Mr. Kunzig.
This allegation, which is one of the releases of this committee,
alleges that the committee, the Citizens' Victory Committee for Harry
Bridges, released a letter that had been sent out by Bishop Parsons.
Now, I take it organizations can release letters that others have
written if those letters are made public, and the clear facts are these,
if you will read, I think, what was said here.
Whether I signed the letter that Bishop Parsons wrote and which
this committee may or may not have released, I do not know. I do
know that I never signed any letter for the Citizens' Committee for
Victory for Harry Bridges. I was never related to that organization
and never signed any letter for it. I would not have done that and,
therefore, it is perfectly clear I cannot say whether I ever signed the
letter referred to — drafted by Bishop Parsons — for my files covering
letters written in Boston are not available to me here. Nor do I
know if the Citizens' Victory Committee referred to in the record
ever used Bishop Parsons' letter. The important matter is that I
never belonged to that organization and never signed any letter for it.
Mr. Kunzig. So to get the record absolutely straight, if the Citi-
zens' Victory Committee for Harry Bridges had your name listed
15 "The files of the Special Committee on Un-American Activities show that the Commu-
nist Party urged the formation of Bridges defense committees as a part of its official
activities, that party members were selected to form such committees, that Bridges defense
stamps were sold in the party units, that party members were assessed $1 toward the
Bridges defense fund, and that Bridges defense pamphlets were sold at Communist book
shops.
"* * * we su b m it that the various committees formed for the defense of Harry Renton
Bridges ; i. e., Harry Bridges Defense Committee, Citizens Committee for Harry Bridges,
Harry Bridges Victory Committee, and the Citizens Victory Committee for Harry Bridges,
must be classified as Communist-front organizations." (From Special Committee on Un-
American Activities Rept. No. 1311 Mar. 29, 1944, p. 97.)
3694 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
at the bottom of this letter, they were using your name without any
authority ?
Bishop Oxnam. No, that is not the matter at all. If Bishop Par-
sons wrote a letter dealing with a subject and asked me to sign it,
I may well have signed it. I don't know whether I did or not. If
another organization used that letter I have nothing to do about it.
I have never signed a letter for that organization.
Mr. Kunzig. I am trying to get it clear. If another organization
used that letter which had your name on it, you gave them no au-
thority so to use and they were using it without your permission?
Bishop Oxnam. Quite, quite; thank you.
Mr. Kunzig. That is correct?
Bishop Oxnam. I didn't understand your point.
Mr. Kunzig. I wanted to
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, you were helping me.
Mr. Clardy. Mr. Chairman, may I ask him just one question before
we adjourn?
Mr. Velde. One question if you make it brief.
Mr. Clardy. I will.
Think about this during the recess, Bishop, because you left me
confused as to what was in the letter that you probably did sign or
send to Bishop Parsons. I will let you answer that after dinner.
Bishop Oxnam. Thank you, sir.
Mr. Velde. The committee will stand in recess for 1 hour until
8 o'clock.
(Whereupon, at 6:55 p. m., the committee recessed to reconvene
at 8 p. m. the same day.)
EVENING SESSION
(At the hour of 8 : 08 p. m., of the same day, the hearing was re-
sumed, the following committee members being present: Representa-
tives Harold H. Velde (chairman), Donald L. Jackson, Kit Clardy,
Gordon H. Scherer (appearance noted in transcript). Francis E.
Walter (appearance noted in transcript), Morgan M. Moulder (ap-
pearance noted in transcript), Clyde Doyle (appearance noted in
transcript), and James B, Frazier, Jr. (appearance noted in tran-
script).)
Mr. Velde. The committee will come to order.
Let the record show at this point I have appointed a subcommittee
consisting of Mr. Jackson, Mr. Clardy, and myself, as chairman, for
the purposes of this hearing.
I am sorry that the other members have not been able to return,
but I hope that they will be able to return in the very near future.
So, we will continue the hearing with the members of the sub-
committee.
When we recessed, I believe that the gentleman from Michigan,
Mr. Clardy, had proposed a question. If the gentleman will repeat
that question — or would you like to have the reporter
TESTIMONY OF G. BROMLEY OXNAM, ACCOMPANIED BY HIS
COUNSEL, CHARLES C. PARLIN— RESUMED
Mr. Clardy. I will put it in a different fashion.
Witness, as I understood your testimony, subject to your correc-
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3695
tion, you were attempting to tell us, it appears, that while you signed
some letter that apparently approved the idea of clemency, or what-
ever he was seeking, for Bridges, you did not, however, write a letter
authorizing the circulation and the broadcasting of that letter as
was done. Do I correctly understand what you were saying?
Bishop Oxnam. No, sir; that is not quite correct, Mr. Clardy.
Mr. Clardy. That is why I said I was confused.
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, sir.
Mr. Clardy. That is what it seemed like to me. Will you tell us
what the facts are? Did you write a letter which, in effect, did ap-
prove of the idea of the stopping of the deportation proceedings of
Harry Bridges ?
Bishop Oxnam. No, sir. What is alleged here in the files of the
Committee on Un-American Activities is that a letter by the Right
Reverend Edward L. Parsons states in part :
Clearly Mr. Bridges has aroused the animosity of an influential minority
because of his successful union activities and his political and economic beliefs.
I do not know what was in that letter. I do not know whether
I ever signed that letter and stated so in this Washington Post
article.
I said that my files were not available to me and that was the
reason I stated that.
I then stated that I had never written or signed any letter for the
committee that is referred to — the committee — that is alleged to be
subversive.
Now, whether the committee used a letter or had it reprinted, or
published, written by Bishop Parsons, I do not know.
(Representative Gordon H. Scherer entered the hearing room at
this point.)
Have I made myself clear now, sir ?
Mr. Clardy. No ; you haven't
Mr. Velde. No.
Mr. Clardy (continuing). Because you did not answer the question.
Mr. Velde. You haven't answered the question.
Bishop Oxnam. Then I don't understand your question, sir.
Mr. Clardy. That is what I was afraid of.
The question is this : Whether you wrote any or a lot of letters —
or did you at about the time irrv olved in this episode actually approve
of the objective of preventing the deportation of Harry Bridges?
Bishop Oxnam. I never expressed myself upon that subject. I did
not know whether Harry Bridges was a Communist or not a Com-
munist. I understand that the Supreme Court has dismissed all of
this matter. I don't know upon what grounds.
I may be wrong on that.
What I am trying to say here is that your committee refers to a
letter alleged to have been written by Bishop Parsons, a letter I am
alleged to have signed.
Air. Clardy. And on which
Bishop Oxnam. I state I don't know whether I signed that or not.
I don't have my files.
Mr. Jackson. The question
Bishop Oxnam. Just a minute. Let me conclude, if you don't
mind.
3696 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
Now, if the committee or Mr. Bridges gave publicity to any letter
signed by Bishop Parsons, that is a matter about which I know
nothing. I don't know whether they did or didn't. I know that I
had nothing whatsoever to do with that committee at any time.
Mr. Clardy. Well, you still leave me in the dark as to whether you
actually approved the idea of preventing the deportation of Harry
Bridges.
Bishop Oxnam. I've just said I have never expressed myself upon
that subject, because I simply don't know the facts. I don't know
whether he should have been deported or why-
Mr. Clardy. Well, why leave any doubt in our minds
Bishop Oxnam. I'm saying here
Mr. Clardy (continuing). As to whether or not you signed the
letter at that time ?
Bishop Oxnam. You state I did sign a letter, and I'm trying to say
I don't know whether I did 01 not, because I simply don't have the
files before me.
Mr. Clardy. What was in the letter you signed ?
Bishop Oxnam. I don't know. I never saw the letter. I mean, I
have no recollection of it at all.
Mr. Ktjnzig. May I give you exhibit 25 and ask you if that refreshes
your memory?
Mr. Velde. Just a minute. May we let the witness examine the
letter? Perhaps it will refresh his recollection on the subject.
Bishop Oxnam. No, sir; I have no recollection concerning this at
all. I'm sorry.
Mr. Clardy. Well, then, possibly
Mr. Velde. You cannot categorically state you did not sign a letter
in defense of Harry Bridges?
Bishop Oxnam. Nor can I state I did, sir. I simply do not have a
recollection concerning that matter.
Mr. Jackson. The question, Mr. Chairman
Mr. Velde. Mr. Jackson.
Bishop Oxnam. And it seems to me, sir — is it pertinent in any
case?
Mr. Clardy. Well, certainly.
Bishop Oxnam. Suppose a citizen did sign a letter opposing the
deportation of an individual. Why is it here ?
I don't have any recollection of doing it, but suppose one was of
the opinion those proceedings were subject to question.
I don't mean to debate the matter, but just why is it here?
I can't understand it.
Mr. Velde. We are trying to clear the matter up, Bishop, and we
want to know the exact facts, if you recall them. I am sorry you do
not have any recollection
Bishop Oxnam. Well, it's very difficult, Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Velde (continuing). Of the matter. I wish you could make
some statement or that you could make some statement regarding this
letter and regarding your position at the time, some definite state-
ments, so that we might clear up this matter before the Congress and
before our committee.
Bishop Oxnam. You see, Mr. Chairman, you're asking questions
that go back 30 years — a question regarding Los Angeles that wasn't
in your files, as far as any release was concerned. There's this entire
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3697
record being made here and read, item after item. I understand
what's happening, and it is simply difficult — I want to tell you the
truth. I've sworn to tell it. I don't recall in that particular instance,
and I've said that. What more can I say ?
Mr. Velde. Again, may I ask you : If you, through the examination
of your files, or in some way may correct your memory, if you do find
out if you did write the letter or can definitely state that you didn't
write the letter, we would appreciate knowing
Bishop Oxnam. Thank you very much.
Mr. Velde (continuing). That information so that we might clear
this up as a matter of record.
Mr. Jackson. Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Velde. Mr. Jackson.
Mr. Jackson. The Bishop has asked a question as to why any dis-
cussion relative to Harry Bridges is at all pertinent at this time.
(Representative Clyde Doyle entered the hearing room at this
point.)
Mr. Jackson (continuing) . It is well established in sworn testimony
that over a long period of years Mr. Bridges and other known Com-
munists succeeded in wrecking a major industry on the west coast of
the United States, namely, the shipping industry in the San Francisco
area. His activities have been consistently activities designed to fur-
ther the cause of the Communist Party.
Included among the signers
Bishop Oxnam. Could I see that?
Mr. Jackson (continuing). Of this letter, there are identified mem-
bers of the Communist Party.
For that reason, it is very definitely relative to this interrogation to
determine if your name was used and how the use of your name was
obtained.
Mr. Doyle. Mr. Chairman, may I
Mr. Velde. Mr. Doyle.
Mr. Doyle. Apropos my colleague's observation, I am sure that
we don't want to keep on asking this witness any line of questions,
after he has sworn under oath that he is not a member of this or that
organization, with any thought in mind that by keeping on question-
ing him, inferentially at least, that he might be telling an untruth.
I am sure there is no thought on the part of any of us, with the
bishop here being under oath when he says he is not a member, has
not been a member, or he has not joined this or that, that would cause
us to question him further. It isn't because we doubt the veracity
of the bishop's statement. At least that is my position.
Mr. Velde. Well, certainly, Mr. Doyle, the members of the com-
mittee agree with you
Mr. Doyle. I know you do.
Mr. Velde. And I don't think
Mr. Doyle. I thought it would be just appropriate
Mr. Velde (continuing) . At the present time
Mr. Doyle (continuing) . At this point to make it clear.
Mr. Velde (continuing). There is any reason we should mention
the fact that we dispute the veracity of the bishop.
Mr. Doyle. I know, but the bishop has now raised that point, to
my hearing, 5 or 6 times, as to why we keep on questioning him.
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, I didn't
3698 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
Mr. Clardy. Mr. Chairman.
Bishop Oxnam. I didn't raise
Mr. Velde. Mr. Clardy.
Mr. Clardy. I didn't finish my interrogation a while ago, but I feel
impelled to tell the Congressmen it isn't a question of whether he did
belong or did not belong to a certain organization. The question is
whether he is unable to remember whether he wrote a letter recom-
mending against deportation of Harry Bridges. That is the prob-
lem.
^ Representative Francis E. Walter entered the hearing room at
this point.)
Mr. Clardy (continuing). I should like to remind the bishop of
something else, which he will discover in the testimony which will be
released later. I happened to be presiding a few days ago, Bishop,
when a man by the name of Harry Bridges was again identified as a
member of the Communist Party, and that is one of the reasons why
I was endeavoring to discover, to the best of your knowledge, exact-
ly what took place. I was hopeful you could give me a more ex-
plicit and direct answer, because it is extremely important, so far
as I am concerned, to discover whether or not you did recommend
that the Communist, Harry Bridges, be kept in the United States.
I am hopeful he will be deported at the earliest possible moment be-
cause I think he is a danger and menace to our Nation.
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, I was not raising the question I
think that has been referred to here. I was raising this: When I
say I do not belong to an organization, then to have read into this
record a long description of that organization — after I've said I don't
belong to it — I don't understand the purpose of it.
If someone asks if I belong to a certain organization and I say I
do not, isn't that the record?
Why do we have to have this lone: list of citations so that somebody
can read that in relation to my name?
That's the question, and I — maybe the only way you can do it — I
don't know — but it troubles me.
Mr. Velde. Well, may I respectfully submit to you, Bishop, that
you have agreed before to answer questions relative to these various
organizations, and I hope that you will keep that agreement.
It is in an attempt to clarify your complete record, your complete
file, that we are asking you these questions, because it has puzzled
members of the committee as to how you could be listed as a sponsor
for these various organizations, how you could be listed as a member
of these various organizations, without some knowledge that they were
Communist organizations or Communist-inspired organizations, and
that is the thing we want to clarify — not only for your information but
for vour benefit as well.
Bishop Oxnam. Well, in the case of the Stockholm Peace Appeal,
for instance, I believe that was Communist inspired and Communist
directed.
(Representative James B. Frazier, Jr., entered the hearing room at
this point.)
Bishop Oxnam. I was instrumental with others with putting the
World Council of Churches on record so that it warned all the churches
of the world concerning that matter, and similarly in the national
council, where everyone has known ; but we go back here into situations
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3699
of organizations and assume that one had facts that I think people
didn't have.
In the matter of the poll tax that was referred to earlier, I've been
advised — and I believe this to be correct — that Congressman Bender
and Congressman Jennings were entertained in a banquet in Washing-
ton by this organization in 1947 at the Statler Hotel.
Mr. Walter. What does that prove ?
Bishop Oxnam. Yes ; what does it prove in connection with me ?
Mr. Walter. Yes.
Bishop Oxnam. That's just the point.
Mr. Walter. That is it.
Bishop Oxnam. I said I had no recollection of belonging to that
organization, but in 1947 reputable members of this body were
involved.
Now, why does my name get tied up with these things and somebody
says I have to explain ?
I can't understand it.
Mr. Velde. For this simple reason there might be a few cases where
Communist members, in politics, religion, or in any other field, belong
or have belonged to Communist fronts ; but it is very apparent to me
at least that there are so many of these front groups with which you
have been associated that we want to find out whether or not you had
any knowledge of them or whether you were used as a tool or just
what happened exactly. That is the reason why we are trying to clear
this matter up.
Bishop Oxnam. Well, the poll-tax organization, I'm told, was not
a Communist front in 1947 at the time that letter referred to was
involved, and I don't know whether it was or not.
Mr. Walter. Bishop
Bishop Oxnam. Yes.
Mr. Walter. Getting around to something more concrete, what
useful purpose did you feel was served by describing the immigration
law as asinine ?
Bishop Oxnam. I don't think I ever so described it.
Mr. Walter. Well, according to the Boston Herald, March 12, 1951,
edition, you said that the act was asinine; and then here is a direct
quote :
"You cannot fight totalitarianism with measures of a totalitarian nature," the
Bishop said. "Application of the alien screening law"
That is the provision of the law that makes it as difficult as it is
possible for me to devise language to keep Communists and other sub-
versives from coming into the United States.
You said :
"Application of the alien screening law not only is futile, but also produces
bizarre results."
He cited the case of a German bishop recently barred from entry to attend a
council of bishops of the United States. He was banned on the ground that he
had once associated with a charitable organization which had Nazi sponsorship.
Under the law, that just couldn't possibly happen because the
Attorney General of the United States has discretionary power to
admit anyone to attend conferences of that sort, and the fact that
a man was a member of a charitable organization would not prevent
his entry into the United States.
3700 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
Now, my question is-
Just a moment, Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Velde. All right.
Mr. Walter. My question is: What useful purpose did you feel
you were serving by making an unwarranted, unjustifiable attack on
the law of this land ?
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Walter, I would be happy to answer that if
you would give me opportunity.
First of all
Mr. Walter. Well, here, I will
Bishop Oxnam. No; no.
Mr. Walter. Here
Bishop Oxnam. You are handing me newspaper records, sir, and,
with the utmost respect to the newspaper profession, very few Ameri-
can reporters write shorthand. You will find quote marks put around
statements that I, personally, at times do not wish to take responsi-
bility for.
If this committe would follow a policy, when you have a question of
that kind
Mr. Walter. Now, let's not criticize the committee
Bishop Oxnam. I am not criticizing-
Mr. Walter (continuing). Every time you are asked a question.
Bishop Oxnam (continuing). The committee.
Mr. Walter. Let's answer the question.
Bishop Oxnam. I am answering
Mr. Walter. I want to ask you did you make that statement ?
Bishop Oxnam. I don't
Mr. Walter. Well, look at it.
Bishop Oxnam. I don't care to.
Mr. Walter. Look at it.
Bishop Oxnam. I don't care to look at it.
I wish to check it with a speech I have of record. I keep my
speeches.
Mr. Velde. Well, that is the reason I was trying to interrupt Mr.
Walter
Bishop Oxnam. Thank you.
Mr. Velde (continuing). To find out whether or not you do recall
making that statement.
Bishop Oxnam. I would have to check it. I speak many times in
a week. I don't use the word "asinine" in public speech.
Mr. Walter. Well, now
Bishop Oxnam. I don't believe-
Mr. Walter. Just a minute.
Bishop Oxnam. I don't believe-
Mr. Walter. Whether you use the word "asinine" or not, you said
something about the law which is not true and I am amazed that a
clergyman would make a statement that isn't borne out by the facts.
Bishop Oxnam. Well, Mr. Chairman, the McCarran-Walter Act, as
you know, has been seriously criticized across this Nation.
Mr. Walter. And that is the point. That is what I want to find
out, because I have asked one person after another to put their finger
on the thing that is wrong with the law. Nobody has been able to
do so.
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3701
Last week at a meeting of the Judiciary, Mr. Javits, a Congressman
from New York, speaking for the Jewish organizations, stated that the
charge that the law was anti-Semitic was not true. On the following
day, Monsignor Swanstron, the head of the Catholic Welfare, respond-
ing to the question, said that the law is not anti-Catholic. Now, 1 want
you to point out, those men having pointed out it is not anti-Semitic,
not anti-Catholic, wherein it is asinine.
Bishop Oxnam. I just finished saying that I don't recall having
used that word.
If you will give me that material
Mr. Walter. I will be very happy
Bishop Oxnam. I'll be happy to send you-
Mr. Walter (continuing) . To give it to you.
Bishop Oxnam. No, sir.
Mr. Walter. You may have it.
Bishop Oxnam. No, sir ; I'll give it to you when I have had oppor-
tunity to check the speech.
Mr. Walter. I want you to have it.
Don't you want it ?
Bishop Oxnam. Yes ; I would be happy to see it.
Mr. Clardy. May I interject one question, Mr. Walter ?
Mr. Chairman, may I have permission to ask a question ?
Mr. Velde. Mr. Clardy.
Mr. Clardy. Bishop
Bishop Oxnam. I beg your pardon, sir.
Mr. Clardy. That is all right.
Mr. Velde. Did you wish to examine this paper ?
Mr. Clardy. My question hasn't anything to do with that.
Bishop Oxnam. To whom shall I
Mr. Clardy. It is going to be more direct. It has nothing to do
with the exhibit at all.
Mr. Walter. Just a minute. Before you-
Mr. Clardy. Mr. Walter, I am going to ask a question
Mr. Walter. Just one question.
Mr. Clardy. All right.
Mr. Velde. Mr. Walter.
Mr. Walter. Could you have taken the position, if you were prop-
erly quoted, that you were opposed to the immigration policy of the
United States because you were not concerned with the number of
Communists coming into this country ?
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Walter, I'm going to answer that question,
and I want to answer it calmly.
I tried to say earlier that 1 believe the Communist Party is a con-
spiracy. I believe that every conspirator ought to be discovered and,
in due process, tried and, if found guilty, punished.
I've tried to say that I'm fundamentally opposed to communism,
and always have been.
I believe the churches are moving in upon the causes of communism,
and I'm proud of the fact that, sir, so far as I know, no Protestant
country has been seriously infiltrated by communism.
I think we've been doing a significant piece of work.
When you, therefore, suggest, by implication, that I might be in-
terested in letting Communists come into the country, my answer is :
3702 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
I'm fundamentally opposed to the whole Communist movement and'
would do everything within my power to keep them out. I'm not ■
Mr. Walter. Well, take a look at this newspaper article and see
how much of that is authentic, will you ?
Bishop Oxnam. I told you, Mr. Walter, I would be happy to check
the speech against the record and see whether this is a correct report
of what I said or not. This is back 2 years ago. I speak constantly.
Mr. Walter. Well, I was trying to bring this up to a current situa-
tion, because we have been talking about things that occurred many,
many months and years ago — and that I am opposed to, I will say to
you very frankly, but this is something that occurred just a year ago.
Bishop Oxnam. Do you say, Mister
Mr. Walter. Don't you remember?
Bishop Oxnam. Are you saying — no; this occurred 2 years or
more
Mr. Walter. What is the date of that ?
Bishop Oxnam. Are you saying
Mr. Walter. What is the date \
Bishop Oxnam. The date is March 12, 1951.
Mr. Walter. Well, this, as far as this committee is concerned, is
current.
Bishop Oxnam. Yes.
Mr. Chairman, I think the President of the United States suggested
in the campaign that this act
Mr. Walter. Well, he was busy gathering votes, and I am sure
you haven't been.
Bishop Oxnam. Well, you wouldn't call him interested in letting
Communists in, would you ?
Mr. Walter. No ; but
Go on.
Bishop Oxnam. I'm sorry, Mr. Walter, because I respect you, and
you know I wrote you a letter asking you for full information con-
cerning the McCarran- Walter bill, because I wanted to study it.
Mr. Walter. Well, if you read everything I said, you are certainly
educated by this time.
Bishop Oxnam. No ; all you sent me was the article in the Reader's
Digest.
Mr. Walter. And all I asked you about was the speech.
Mr. Kunzig. Mr. Chairman, I should like to offer in evidence this
document marked "Oxnam Exhibit No. 25," which is an open letter
regarding Bridges which we have been discussing for some time.
Mr. Velde. Without objection, it is admitted.
(The document referred to was received in evidence as Oxnam
exhibit No. 25.)
Mr. Kunzig. Now, sir, there are a few matters at an earlier period
we want to question you about in regard to this whole general picture.
I have here a document, marked ''Oxnam Exhibit No. 26," which re-
fers to a mass meeting, in which it lists two speakers, back in the early
1920's, in Los Angeles, Harriet Dunlop Prenter, a well-known Com-
munist, and yourself, Rev. G. Bromlev Oxnam. (See Oxnam exhibit
No. 26, p. 3721.)
Did you make a speech with this well-known Communist, or perhaps
it lies beyond your recollection ?
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3703
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 25
(Part 1)
An Open Letter to President Roosevelt
April «. 1943
My DEAft Ml President:
I am addressing you on behalf of the clergymen, whose names are attached .
We respectfully ask that you set aside the deportation order against Harry Rezuon
Bridges, President of the International Longshoremen's and Warehousemen's Union.
Congress of Industrial Organizations, and afford him full opportunity to beco s nr a citizen
of the United States of America.
Considerations of justice and the welfare of our country in this time of crisis, move
us to make this request. An examination of the history of the case against Mr. Bridges
and his record since our entering into the war, convinces us that his deportation will
be an injustice to him and a material loss to our national war effort
Mr. Bridges has twice been placed in jeopardy by bearings called by the
Service to determine whether charges that he is an undesirable alien and entertains befieis
inimical to the Constitution and Government of the United States have been proved.
These charges have twice been dismissed, once by Dean James M. Landis, again by the
Board of Immigration Appeals.
The first hearing in 19S9 before James M. Landis, then Dean of the School of Law
of Harvard University and now National Director of Civilian Defense, was p a rt i cular ly
thorough. In his report, Dean Landis characterized the testimony against Mr. Bridges at
unreliable and much of it as motivated by personal animus. He further said in part:
"Bridges' own statement of his political beliefs is important. It was given not only with-
out reserve, but vigorously as dogma and faiths of which the man was proud and which
presented in his mind the aims of his existence—. That Bridges' aims are energetically
radical may be admitted, but the proof fails to establish the methods be seeks to employ to
realize them are other than those that the framework of democratic and constitutional gov-
ernment permits."
Dean Landis' ability and integrity as one of the outstanding jurists of the country are
beyond question. His opinion was arrived at after eleven weeks of extensive testimony.
It substantiates the findings of a previous investigation conducted by the Immigration Ser-
vice in 1936, and is itself substantiated by the unanimous vote of the Board of Immigra-
tion Appeals in reversing the opinion of Inspector Sears, in charge of the second hearing
in 1941.
It is difficult, in the face of this evidence, to understand the summary action of the
Attorney General. We feel that such summary action by an ofhcial. nullifies the purpose
for which hearings are held and is at variance with the pattern of American justice.
Mr. Bridges' record since Pearl Harbor confirms the opinion of the Board of Immi-
3704 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 25
(Part 2)
grackm Appeals and our own belief in his loyalty. He was the first to call for labor unity
to win (be war. He b tbe author of two plans which the government has put into opera-
tion and which have markedly increased the efficiency of our maritime transport. Following
his advice, his union has surrendered important contractual rights in order to speed the
loading of carges. Under his leadership his union has won high praise from government
officials and ranking officers of the Army and Navy. The Office of War Information, in a
radio broadcast, said in part:— "Their (International Longshoremen's Union) hard work
and their application of the union plan of labor-management cooperation, helped to score
important victories over the Japanese Navy."
This is a record of which any citizen would be proud. It prompted Mr. John B.
Hughes, tbe radio commentator, to write in "Liberty" magazine, September 19, 1942:
"One business man told me be thought the deportation of Harry Bridges would be disas-
trous. He thought Harry Bridges has done more than any other person to increase pro-
duction far war—and that without his personal leadership, work in the vital war industries
on the West Coast would lag far behind."
Clearly, Mr. Bridges has aroused tbe animosity of an influential minority because of
his successful union activities and his political and economic beliefs. Equally clearly,
the whole nation is today reaping the benefits of his -onion activity. We know that you,
Mr. President, yourself a church man, believe with , that is no more place in our
American Hfe far political and economic persecution than there is for -ligious persecu-
tion and vigorously condemn both as disruptive of our unity and subvr of our national
effort.
We therefore again respectfully ask you that as an act of justice and for the national
welfare, set aside the deportation order against Mr. Bridges.
Most respectfully,
Rt. Rev. Edward L. Paksons
2901 Broderkk Street
Sen Francisco, California
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
3705
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 25
(Part 3)
MY. IALH4 C AMU .
lencepal a«d latarrrrad Ckarck. »• t*** "»
lf«. MOM A. ACIWLT
h« r*4a.al*4 Ck.rck. Tai»Dk»k»k. I**-.
If*. CAUYU AOAMS
Taa rmbrHno IHbo*. U*c*. N. T.
|f«. CHAILIS MOUUS AMHSON.
C**>bridr|*, Ma».
it*. Bwm t akin. Jr.
M><-: CoatrkgelieMl Clwrck, lr~. lAkH.
If*. V/IOSS W. ALDCAMMI
lr«J , » r " Maikorji* Ckarck. lr><to«, M. J.
If*. WILlUt C AUJM
ItM* M*»» C».*X OM. W. VlrrjUa
If*. AUtn AUIIMM
kt*rror#it> Ckvrcr). Hart *•*•*. N. T.
M*. OtOMI D. ALLISON
hrrt ki» Ckarck. W.lmana. III.
If*. tAUl J. AUUMD
(rt PmWimi Ckarck. Hall*. MickirjaA
IAS* MICHAIl Aim, N» Tart. H. V,
U». WILUAM & AHMttOH
t««l>ul a»d Wonrrjd (>»<». Uw. Ia «i *a«
It*, rxiur 5. AMTHM
If). BOtOt (. APSJAM
Fa>rl*»a. H*a ^trwr
M*. w. WaWKI w. AlOOW
•raruaara, Marrkkia!
H». WILUAM 1. AIMITAaMl
Wrarkraa, Uaaa. 71 >
M*. U« J. f . AS*
«4» »>.-». Ma.
If*. CLAUMCf ■ A*IT
llarratt Mronil Ua>*»d-rl Ckarck. Aatkal. U»
If*. L SVMCTT1 IACAVS
Ail So.* Uarlariaa Cka-ck. Ik fi l MMl it. ladtaaa
If*, toutr W. lAaVNAU
H. Ik«s*i frefaataat tpiacopal Ckarck,
IWIaoalpk*. N-.
It If*. JAM) C lAUt
U»p d Da >Wted>i< Ck»ck. IM Aaaa l ra. Calrl.
IP. AtCHCT e. SAU
Haclaraact. No Jane*
Ift. WIUIAM IAIIOW
CWMMilT Ckarck. MkfcftrtWrt »«»'■••. *»•
if*. DWAts t uuurjTT
lAa ai * f > kSckiaaa
If*. JISM L WTMOLOMfw
Tapeka, KaakM
If* UAUHAU I lAITHILOMfW
•ajatrtar"* Ckarck. u..if«id. »*.
If*. LAHI W. IAITOM
Cki tpiatooal Ckarck. Off. H. J.
u*. iohit iaxth
St Lrka • t*.«op«l CWit. Caaar OAlaaa. laaka
If*. ITMDON I MAt W Ui
■ CocHjr»j.'K>».i Ckarck, Wartbara. Mam
If*. OUTH W. MU
Nn LoodM. Cl».
If* JOHN 0. MNSMTTO
laltinara. UarrUarJ
M*. A. 4 MAMWHL HMMfn
tpiacopal O.-tv Colar*b.a. ioct* CaraJlaa
If*. IO«M W IIMMITT
Jl Ua.-, . Ckarck, *iiy>l H.lh) Mml
If*. WIUIAM I. MMNRT
f ,m Uarranalill Ckarck. £!«.«. III.
If*. »AUL I UUIHaM
0»K>»9 Hcjhti MaMax!'* Ckarck. 0»"H
Mra Tot
If*. tHRTOM MALI UlMOr
Si. WKifa b«Ko<Mi CwnK. Not t«». N. T.
KV. X)HH C. HACCWAN
Mlakam
■AMI UAUIICi J. ItOOM
N»bv«l>. Njw Tart
If*. BWA10 M. HWUU, J*.
fvM C«ll<9*. F«irf»U, >OT*
If*. ItSTU L lOOIAt
Flni u«t»o<j;»i c*«d>. I n i » . h^m
II*. J. lUtl IOUW1AAM
IK-, u.<k.«w ComciI •< Oarclm. 1M«. Mkk.
ML W. lUtSCU IOWI8. OJ.
U»<M TkOTlegul SvnMnr. »•»■ Tart. N. T.
If*. OWttHT i IIAOLIT
D.-.;i»'. ComcM H> tecial AcHaa tt H*
Co^regal'OiMl OvMiH CI I 1 11 II, N». Tart.N. T.
UV -»AI6 H. »SWJT»«
U «l MM<I Ckafdl. N**-. N M.
If*. JOHN W. MIOHAM
IWMnM CkaK>. Klkrcia. •!■•.
If*. CMAUfl '_ MOUlfT
Km »a(H.rl CWtl, UrtaM. IM.
If* THOMAt L MOMS
CharlarlM. Wat TV*>aia
I.* Malted* CAartk. Al»««* Oki»
M* IOKH t*AMt MOWMIN*
Ckapal .1 Ik* h ll l'lt . Siaa fxk*. bAvt«m<
If*. BWIM T. MMKIfl
Tk.td U«.te«.*» Ckarck. Ck.taflo. HI.
ML MILLAI MUOWt
Tak> 0i«'«rt» Ilklll. Na« kUaaa. Ca»«.
If*. JtANNAlO MSW IVTUI, Ma*'aw. N. »■
If*, w. FAT IUTi»
>. kUrt . wuikod.n O.'ck. U> «a*il n . CaW.
KV. WAIIM CAiWIUS CAaU
uv ivrmriM t. cmauum
»ao— .ila. N. T.
IAIII aiAl CMAUT
•k.ladalp».a. »*"■
If*. M9N M. CMAM
Udd<a|. Calrt.
If*. WIUIAM i. CHAM
Chaplaia. Canall Uaiaa>vl*. IlkaU. N. T.
IE*. MIOLIT L CXILP
Ika Sa«>k '•"•» U~ta>iaa CkaKA.
If*. AITMUI T. CLAM
t.aa«aa. III.
If*. IBOAkllN M. CLAW
La<0a>a. Naw Hamaakwa
If*. UUIIU ». CLAUI
n.. Ca«aa«. Co"
If*. HiNIT fTBTON COM
Coii»g-'« Ckarek. Na» Tort. N. T.
If.. IALTM HAU COUM
Ckcaga. III.
If*. J. lOU COIQUHOUN
MaaUla. tUam,
If*. BWAB M. COMMT
If*. KWAIO A. CAMIU.
Uailariaa CkaKk. Ckat u Mii*). Wm.
M*. CMAUJI L CAUOMI ^^
A«i. tac». »**^ •* *.* • ■■». * ■'■■< " > C»«<*.
Cki c afOt I 11 *
If*. M3NAL0 L CAMrMU
Aocaialk). liUka
IAMI JONAH l CAHJN
Caaajragafcoe lart U. AjNrtl. M. T.
ttr. CMAILB L CAIMAfT
riaakrH^ak Ckafck. Ctawr Cam*. Mi.
tf*. IALPM M. CAIMrCHAM.
LiHala. N. T.
If*. J. MANCUN CAim
U* %. M. CONO»M
0i». Itraa* a) AKkiladara o< *• Haa»a Ua**aa
Caaaol. Na» Tart. H. T.
M». ifwn a. conns
j^kmoa fart C*-g<a»Aii»»»l Ck«tA. Cku«*. I*.
if*, momm %. cooa
Na<l»a<»«*>«. •«"».
M*. AlfUD H. COOHS
Ma^aralv.lla. Haw Tart
If*. <wo*et M. COtSMM
Wkila ialpkar SsHaaK, N. T.
■J*. J. HA1IT COTTON
•ra*. *faabrl*^«a T>»a l l| il ll «—»««»*■
CkicAf*. HI-
U*. CHAUJI L ClAlk. A
lamaaal tancapal Ckarck. Uaamlla. I*.
If*. RANI 0. CIANOAU.
VaCMd Ckarck ra Sakmi. Salara. Maak.
MV. WILUAM & CtATNia
Ckarck <rl IM (kaed IMfAW* Tart. 1 C
M*. HAtOLC f. CtAW
Ca«rar>a«ioMl Ckarck. Baaiakj»a. Coaa.
If*. AITMUI M. ClAWfOlO
Aabar* Markorjill Ckarck, b». ha
u*. i. p. ciAWfoie
IT. If*. IAIFH S. CUSHMAM
|.*>ap rrt Ik. kkHk«.# Ckarck, St. Nal. M-ta
If*. WOlCOTf CUTLM
St. Jaka-, Ckarck. CuMi " . ••"«■
MV. MALCOLM t. 6AM
St. Crr»M Cpixapal Ckarck. Ckrlrail. U,r>.»aa
M*. fBWIN T. OAHLMM
Km b(M Ckarck. Spacakk. N. V.
UV. IAU C DAVIS
Ua.kMMk far.* Miarirar. Nkjrkkara. Maak
43620—54-
3706
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 25
(Part 4)
UV. LOWtU Z. HAZZAIS
liioo-i Walaw Uomroo,. Ik nm it ll l m ,
U» CHAIUS » OfTWUlSl
lortv I:. Urio am,. (1 ol fko fc.pt.. Ho"*>
Mia.o. Sociotf. No. Tort. N. T.
IT. BfV CHAIUS I OlUttSI
(«*'•«•• IVop ol Ha rroouturi [p«co«ol Cko-
com ol Now Tort. Now To.-*. N. T.
IP UIILAIS J. SOtDAMIo*
UV. JOHN C MANMfiT
tdrto.. "Too booocipoojr. - too AoteM. Tax
UV. OMRLB A. Hill
UV., CUFKM0 w. Mum
Co*or*rt**el Ctock. IHilrtii., M. T.
UV. Cl o B l ol t MO— MM
Cooo-or, H i N i rTn l CWtit. IWX. H. A
uv. thomas d. iwn»s
W-Oormor. h^t,^ Ckwik, E. Ol .I..P. O.
UV. A. D. UOT'I
t u do t : Folloolkp ol Homooitr. Ooklooo. Col*.
IP AU6JO IUU FAUST
f.rv Utrkodat Ctwck. IkJoaowJ Hill. M. T.
uv. w. t. j. matx
uv. cmaojb s. chat
uv. jupjon l Milieu
SovHi Coaofogot.oool Coon*. Utico. N. V.
uv. john w. fmoin
UmvonHi •rokbrl.'.ok Ckxl, Wool Uurotta. M.
■IV. JOWrH 0. HfTCHt.
0... 6<odxlo School ol AppJiod loftoioo.
&KMMli. O.
UV. JOHN I. FOUVTM
tooodolo 6o«toa. rVokbrtorlo. Coorc*. tVroioofo.
UV. COMUM •UfHWAV
All Sooh Uortwui* Ck« xk. ordellyo. N. T.
UV. JAMB I IIMoU
Cooiogofcoool 0»», Wlll.oi. i»lu .». Mo*.
UV. AIMAMO •USIHRO
M.,< # „ Urthodirl Ckwv>. Okogo. in. -on
UV. CtOTO V. GkHTAPlOo.
►Vol.. Motfexfcot Nohoool Ttouio. Scfcool. "1 — I
Or. Mo.
UV. AUHT J. HAUJIMTOM
UV. .MAS J. JACE90H
uv. Hi«rr d. jonb
0-ocN.. C i i i l i Hmo. tea** Mat.
■V JOHN PAW jcaiS
IW Ik-oo CWA d Nov S-C I Mil, oV t.
UV. VmilAM MBOU JCMJ
Soolo Fori* Qon*. » III nPh, N. M.
" ■■■■ I Co.to.or t Coofrjk. I'l o. | nH.n. * V.
K*« W, ohAooM Cook*. WkMto, fao.
UV. AtFHD M. LAMSB9
I(V THCOOOSI T. 'BANK
Coxg'eoa'.eiul O.^tk. Uknonik) Htaaoh, O.
uv. towAiD s fbiy
U-t.tod Lthor.n Ckurtk, UmoYkO, IW.
(TV e. SHUBIOT HTf
•lOibyloriM Ck».ck. Spocno. N. V.
lf» JOHN OAIPNH
G.«io» c.i» Commo».k/ Ctwco, Goran C»f. N. V.
UV. FUKI A. HAMIUOM
H* Motto*. Ckorck. Chotlokooea. Too*.
UV. I. M. HAMMOND
WMkod,. Clan*. Io n .* , Wo*.
UV. C. P. HAfeMAVB
Soe». Miokooor. cdotofioo.
Notkv.ll. Toko.
UV. JOUOH HAITI
St. 6oorgo'l Epncopol Ck.rd>. lodMjfkor, N. V.
UV. JOHN H. MATT
rooorototf CkorcA ol tVokv.ll*. Gtonillo Cootar.
Torkan folk, km
•ACTS OMUF A. LAKSH
UV. JOHN HOVJAW LATHnOC
rwif UkAonoo Oordk. orooUpm. N V.
i*» mwiv smith mm
lowoio. N. J.
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
3707
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 25
(Part 5)
tmmm • uom
LTI >ATIOM MIUJS
f-o IMm C aaQi»Q H i«aal Sock*, W H«frt«.<.
Hartto*. Coaa.
mc hurt uMtoar
a .toa. i Ckaaa*. Hi >«ii. I
fcasto! Oar=i. Ooawr. Cob.
■*. WAUW StfiSJf MACfKaBOM
UV. A. T. WUMM
Ttao!3o.cal W*v*arr. AJaMadna. Va,
RT. CM. ARTHUI W. WOUITOM
M«i»l E»Kop>l l*os •! Utoa
s*« Lata Or. utaa
UV. W. IAIIB MU8JLUI
Staalay Co~»»aoa.ioa.l Oarea, CWMwt. N. J.
uv. nriM» a. uuiauT
Uaitonaa u»m 10 Snafeaii « Cm* I1W1
C«i«b~o> taaaa.
UV. UULLMAM I WTOtt
•art ..^toa. Vt.
UV. A. A. KtUOai
Coa o /a9a<.»al Ctel. IscMenJ. Midataa
. C.'JL W. tttMU
Hifcilii QaadL, bar**. Oaa
Mr. OXM 8.
&■» « *>* ftoca C<»<y«c«:>oft*l Cl aaj d fc.
UV. WIUJAH «. WOOU
t>*K<paa. o< CMa Owck. Mart* aarh-asra. OW
wr. mvw a. am
IMiaoaa Oarck of Kamtbxg. Harrabwq.
MAM I
au«J
VaaHoa. t. 0.
■V. WIUIAM Uc»M
Al (oak Oad. taota Crax. CoM.
UV. SOWIK WcHUl rOTtAT
Cacl.d A»a..a I.JMI 9.«». C-t.olaao'. 0»»o
UV. IIVIM0 ELLSWOfTH PUTNAM
Fiitl Matkodtrt C-.rca. Skmi fain. J. 0.
UV. M. al. tATUFf
la. Sac'i $.W. I.... Coalaraac* ol
C*«c» Am**. Taiaa.
IT. UV. WILLIAM P UHIN«tO«
Efxacopal a-v-Sop ol tatrara Oragoa,
•aadlaloa. Oa.
UV. RaDttlCt- UUSTU
Vaa Wfcl A»a Co*a/aoatioa*l Ckartfc,
Jaavaiea. N. V.
UV. DAMIU ITblAN IIDOU1
Cat-paa- Uar*or.al Wa'*^<J.il O.ta,
•KUOalplua. »a«a.
UV. MEKIT I ICMIN.
■P-of &*>•'•** Colgata Diataftf School.
Iw^lf N. V.
UV ciinox H IOSS
Coao/ao.a''0«al Oarch, aV-doapo'*. Coaa.
UV WIUIAM t lUSStll
S> 5hk«« i ► ,„,»„„,, Ep.Kon.1 Oa'ca.
W.llavla"a. ha
u-rfooa. CWd. Ha.rt.cin, Mas
UV JTaTHB. C PtAtOOT
firl* Coag'WOAt-oaal Ca.«>,
UV. WaUJAM HOWACO MBJiM
«aaai in •oato>. Ovca al Ha> k»>t Tr-»*».
H. V.
Harriot. Coaa.
UV HAVtM a >u,in<
UV. A J. SCHEtM
lna.lv h.-g,inl a l.lo-~ad Cka'ca,
n.« O'laaaa. La.
F-al V**ar*a Oartl. Mala. N. V.
3708
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 25
(Part 6)
MV. CAUl H ITWICM
(vassal. cal a-d Itlomn Ckvtk. Ni> Tort. N. T.
Uad.atxi. v«.
aiv. cmajui c wuett
Na'<o«al t.*c'i-* Socroler? of
fedo'ation lor Social Serv««
UY JCMN K. TATIO*
■AMI JACOt J. WtlNIUIN
' A U T.-pi.. Ox-ioo. II
■fV. IO«S£ I. THOUrtOM. freaHia. N. H.
aiv nuce t. wiMOT
Ml llaKkwd Meikodral Ck..cV
Ml, llandWd. Oo
•IV. F. HASTINCS SMYTH
Soc>alr el Ike CeikoW Co *"**«*•'* .Ilk (Artgl***)
Cn>k'.dgi. u.ra
1EV. W. f TOyilNION
ii. Sec , Morro. Memorial Hm lot Da Ao^d
(Melhod'lll. idgertoo. W.et.
UV. 1. KIlMtt SOOillH*
■IV. JACOI TtAff
Meikod.ll CAarck. Wall l».M». u.cli.
F.fil U-L'.e. Ck.ick. Denver. Colo.
tt» AtTKUl u. souls
UV. tVHITT I TUWOieV
U"..e>*ai.>i Ck,.c*. Marlboro. "•••
f.tl Pei.ek Ck.ick. Aii.br Uaa
■cv ciree v vailins
8IV HHCST C TUTHIU
Malkod>rt Ckatk. Ad***. N T.
Si. Ja»iat' [p>Kopal Og-ck Sonce. CeW.
IEV. JOHN C SKMCta
■cv. wiuiam a. ran
Ck.cego. III.
Clara"wil, Coll.
itV. WHUAM • i*HlT
• (V UISH II UttAH
Grace Ck.«k. OoHoa, Mm
lo^o'naadoo. Meu
•l¥. W. 1. SFOHOtO
•IV. UOMM W. VAN tAUEU
t. W r Ck.'ck Uag-. <o' ladel!"*! Oewtexiatf.
Oal G-o»e Comm..;t. Ckeacb, e«*eto. N.
No »•/». N. T
IEV •USBfCI f VOIHItS
• IV CIIFKMO I JTANUV
MoHvxI'ft Ckarc*. Hollit. N V.
Si Nitre Ck.-ck. Jl. U. I. Mo
UV O. WAlia WAeVNH
itV I ID1H E7AHTON
ivaagalical aad telor«*»d Cka'Ck, Jectto*.
Chicago. III.
UV. UNNITH C. WUIB
tEV. millr H. STllkiMITJ.
UfiitonoK Ck.rck. Albea,. N. V.
Si reel I Ck.rck. Moel.oie. hn
uv. w. a. WAiTMiai
UV. j. STAMUV STEVENS
•ee.i Me"wiel M.rkod.ii Ck.rck. Omakt. 1
Ualkod.il Ck.i
»tv haiit a waw
Sac > Me-kodil fede-i
Ne. Toil. N. V.
Ic" Social Service
uv HAaoio wan
Seer CoaiC'l lof Soc>el te<<y»r»*>rC»toe.
t lalomed Ck.>ck. Col«r-b.a Uo.
atv. CMAlltJ C WIUON
■tv itAOfoto touns
forlla.d. Me.
Bishop Oxnam. No, sir ; it does not lie beyond my recollection.
Mr. Kunzig. I pass that over to yon, sir.
Bishop Oxnam. If yon will pardon me just 1 minute, sir.
Mr. Kunzig. Please take all the time you wish.
Bishop Oxnam. You see, Mr. Chairman, this is what I'm getting
at : This material over 30 years ago has been used again and again and
again, and here it is in 1953 coming back. Fortunately this is some-
thing upon which I can deal.
There is a dodger that should have been shown which alleges that
I was to speak at a certain place. No doubt the counsel has this.
Fortunatety
Mr. Kunzig. There it is, sir.
Bishop Oxnam. Well, there it is.
Well, I have the same one.
Now, here I am quoting to you from a letter dated April 29, 1921,
which was addressed to Bishop Adna Wright Leonard, where this
question was raised, and in the letter I quoted another letter which
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3709
clears this matter, I think, completely. It was dated April 11, 1921.
It was addressed to Mr. Louis Allen, 2117 Adair Street, Los Angeles:
Dear Sir: In view of the fact that I distinctly told you I would not speak at
the general amnesty meeting if it were in any way associated with the IWW, or
if the name "class war prisoners" was used, I find it will be impossible for me to
speak for you.
I have just seen the dodgers you sent out, in which the object of the meeting
is distinctly stated as calling for the freedom of class war prisoners.
My position was clearly enough stated to you — namely, that I did not favor
the freeing of any man who broke the law. I am in favor of freeing con-
scientious objectors, who committed no crime other than refusing to take arms
contrary to their convictions. I think you are making a bad mistake in putting
both groups in the same class.
Thank you for the books you sent me. I shall read all of them.
Will you kindly send me a bill?
Very truly yours.
Wow, in the letter to Bishop Leonard, "Not only did I send this
letter, but I did not speak at the meeting. It looks to me that men
of Mr. Johnson's standing — that was the man who reported that —
would be more careful."
Now, sir, it's just my good fortune that I happen to have that
letter. If you asked me without this, I would have to say I don't
recall. That's the embarrassing place in which an individual is put
in these matters.
I was not at that meeting — I answer your counsel — and I was not
at it for the reason I have never cooperated with people who talk
in terms of class war prisoners. A man who conscientiously believes
that he can't bear arms — I've disagreed with him; I've never held the
pacifist view, but I respect him if he's honest and my Government does ;
and that meeting was pointed out to me as a meeting for the release
of conscientious objectors. When I found it wasn't I wrote the letter
to which I have just referred.
And that is my answer, sir, to that matter.
Mr. Velde. The committee appreciates you are able to explain
that incident in that manner.
Bishop Oxnam. Thank you, sir.
Mr. Velde. I am sure that will clear up the file relevant to that
matter.
Mr. Kunzig. Now, sir, with regard to that period of time, I believe,
as you mentioned previously in passing, somewhat humorously earlier,
you said you had run for the school board
Bishop Oxnam. Yes ; that's right.
Mr. Kunzig. At that time ; and I think you will agree there was a
great deal of controversy at that period of time.
I have here a document marked "Oxnam Exhibit No. 27," referring
to Eev. Bob Shuler, president of the Ministerial Union, pastor of
Trinity Methodist Church, and apparently he pulled away from your
candidacy, saying :
While I find it impossible to longer support your public ambitions, I want you
to know that I still retain the same feeling of respect and esteem for your
ability, your honesty and your sincerity. I know, however, that you are
dreadfully wrong. I have 3 boys and 2 girls to whom I must answer, and I
confess that your public attitude in an hour of national peril and your associa-
tions with a mighty attack being made by these forces upon our Government
are too much for me.
3710 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
This is a press release.
(Representative Morgan M. Moulder entered the hearing room at
this point.)
Bishop Oxnam. Yes ; I am quite familiar with it.
Mr. Kunzig (continuing). From the Los Angeles Times. (See
Oxnam exhibit No. 27, p. 3722.)
Bishop Oxnam. And is there a question ?
Mr. Kunzig. The question is: Were you associated with such or-
ganizations or groups ?
Bishop Oxnam. What organizations ?
Mr. Kunzig. Here is one, sir, involving the IWW, which was a
cited Communist group. It lists "Protest mass meeting against the
criminal syndicalism act at Symphony Hall, 232 South Hill Street,
February the 11th," in that period of time, in 1923. It lists Rev.
G. B. Oxnam, speaking together with members of the IWW. (See
Oxnam exhibit No. 28, p. 3723. ) ^^
Did you speak at that group and did you work with the IWW?
Bishop Oxnam. I'll be happy to answer that, sir.
I did not speak at that meeting. I never worked with the IWW.
I have been a university professor, and have lectured in the field of
the comparative study of the labor movements of the world. The
IWW, which is really a part of the syndicalist movement, has advo-
cated, for instance, as one of its weapons, the use of sabotage. Sabo-
tage for them was striking when they were on the job.
I don't know whether the chairman wishes me to go into this. It
would take a considerable period of time. I'll simply say I never had
anything to do with the IWW.
This incident, however, raises a very important question, Mr. Chair-
man, and I can give you the reason quickly as to why that was in the
paper, if you wish it.
Mr. Velde. Bishop, what we would like to know is, Can you explain
why these various people have attacked you ?
Bishop Oxnam. Yes; quite.
Mr. Velde. Will you make your explanation?
Mr. Jackson. Excuse me.
Mr. Velde. Just a minute.
Mr. Jackson. I think, Mr. Chairman — again I would observe — I
don't know, but I am inclined to believe — possibly this may be going
into factional group disputes which, as I recall in the opening state-
ment, were matters which were not to be admitted.
I suggested this possibility for the consideration of the Chair. I
don't know that is the case. I don't know, of course, what Bishop
Oxnam has in mind in this connection.
Bishop Oxnam. I would very much like to answer this, because I
don't want any doubt left in this record concerning the matter. I can
answer it briefly, I think, and I would like to read from the record,
too. I think perhaps
Mr. Velde. The Chair would appreciate
Bishop Oxnam. Yes.
Mr. Velde (continuing). It if you would
Bishop Oxnam. I think perhaps Mr. Jackson would know for a
considerable period of time there was great disturbance in the mari-
time situation on the Pacific coast, back there in 1923.
Maybe you can't remember that far back, sir
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3711
Mr. Jackson. Thank you very much, sir.
Bishop Oxnam. But, in any case, what had happened was there was
a strike in San Pedro.
I have this from Captain Plummer, himself. You may know the
distinguished police officer, Captain Plummer, who was at one time
the warden of San Quentin Penitentiary.
That strike was broken by the police department of the city of
Los Angeles that went to San Pedro and arrested, without warrant, a
large number of people, running into several hundreds. Personally,
I believe that was fundamentally wrong.
We held a meeting in an auditorium in Los Angeles to protest that
violation of what we believed to be our American procedures.
Now, that strike did involve IWW men.
Personally, I believe in our Constitution and I don't want it violated,
even when one comes to an IWW.
Because I attended that meeting, which was addressed by Upton
Sinclair, Bob Shuler withdrew his endorsement of me for that cam-
paign.
Now, I would like to close this by reading a paragraph, Mr. Chair-
man. Because I had publicly condemned the IWW philosophy, the
IWW method, at that time, to make myself perfectly clear, a Mrs.
Kate Crane Gartz — Mrs. Gartz was the daughter of the Crane family
that owned the great hardware, plumbing, and so on of this country.
She was a wealthy woman. She was very much of left-wing per-
suasion. She wrote me a letter seriously criticizing me because I had
publicly condemned the whole IWW way of life — and this is the para-
graph. Now, this was dated June 5, 1923 :
Now, as to the IWW, you suggest I be specific. Space nor time permit. A
brief word, though : I have carefully read most of the literature of this move-
ment prior to the war. You cannot deny that literature did teach the use of force
as a legitimate method to attain the new industrial day. You cannot deny that
official publications did advocate the use of sabotage, nor can you deny that such
methods were used. I do not mean wholesale, like the propagandist press, the
other side presents, but I mean in fact.
Mr. Velde. May I interrupt there ?
Do you have the date of that particular letter?
Bishop Oxnam. Yes ; I read it, sir — June 5, 1923.
Mr. Velde. Thank you.
Bishop Oxnam (continuing to read).
I have always pointed out the distinction between the method of IWW to gain
its goal and the goal itself, but it did advocate a wrong method from my viewpoint.
I, therefore, have been and am opposed to its philosophy and tactics.
I wish I could take time to enlarge upon this.
Now, I know that since the war and the coming of the Criminal Syndicalist
Act there has not been an official advocacy of force. In fact, I have been in-
formed again and again the IWW repudiate force. Perhaps I am unjust, but I
have felt this repudiation was rather a matter of expediency than conviction
since the other method was justified but a short time since.
I do not want to do any group an injustice, but so far I have not been able to
change my mind on this matter. My mind is not closed, but so far the data
available have not change it.
I believe Mr. Sinclair said at the meeting you refer to that he could not accept
the IWW philosophy, or words to that effect.
I think, Mr. Chairman, reading from the record at that time, in
response to a person who criticized me for criticizing the IWW, that
I have made it abundantly clear what my view was then and is now.
The whole idea of sabotage is fundamentally
3712 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
Mr. Walter. At that time you were all of 21 years of age ?
Bishop Oxnam. No ; I was more than that, sir — 1923 plus 9 would
make me 32, 1 think.
Mr. Kunzig. I have one further document here marked "Oxnam
Exhibit No. 29," which is a story in the Los Angeles Times of May 19,
1923, in the same period of time, with regard to your campaign there,
saying : (See Oxnam exhibit No. 29, p. 3723.)
OXNAM WORKING WITH SINCLAIR
Public announcement was made yesterday that G. Bromley Oxnam, radical
candidate for the board of education on the so-called teachers' ticket, will pre-
side at the meeting called by Upton Sinclair, Socialist author, to be held this eve-
ning at Walker Auditorium, to protest against the methods employed by author-
ities in handling the IWW strike at the harbor.
Bishop Oxnam. That is the meeting to which I referred, sir.
Mr. Kunzig. That is the exact, same meeting
Bishop Oxnam. And may I say, if Mister — well, Mr. Jackson knows
if you engage in politics in southern California and the Times is not
for you, it is vigorously against you. There is no reference here to
the fact that A. J. Wallace, the Lieutenant Governor of the State of
California, was for me; that Mrs. Urquhart, the president of the Cali-
fornia State Federation of Women's Clubs, was. I could bring you a
list that would quite give respectability to what we were trying to do,
but the issues of a campaign, sir, back in 1923, being brought into this
hearing in 1953, it seems to me, raises some question as to the record.
This has never been in your record before.
Mr. Velde. At this point-
Mr. Doyle. Mr. Chairman, may I
Mr. Velde. At this point
Mr. Doyle. Ask this.
Mr. Velde. Just a minute, please.
At this point, in a public hearing, it has usually been the custom of
the committee and the chairman to announce that any names men-
tioned should not necessarily infer that they are connected in any way
with subversive activities, and I would like to put that in the record at
this point. That is still the feeling of the committee.
Mr. Doyle. Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Velde. Mr. Doyle.
Mr. Doyle. May I ask this question : I don't find these documents
which are being introduced in my file here as exhibits, and I, very
frankly, can't follow the line of questioning very systematically on
any formal basis. Are they in our files ?
Mr. Frazier. No.
Mr. Doyle. I don't find them.
Mr. Frazier. No.
Mr. Doyle. Well, why aren't they ?
What I am saying is this, very frankly
Mr. Jackson. Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Doyle. I don't like the idea of us producing for this witness
documents way back in the year 1923 for the first time.
I think it is very important practice for us to do it.
Mr. Velde. Well, Mr. Doyle, may I remind you that the witness
has requested
Mr. Doyle. That is all right. The witness
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3713
Mr. Velde (continuing) . An opportunity to appear before the com-
mittee
Mr. Doyle. I know the witness has-
Mr. Velde (continuing). And the committee
Mr. Doyle (continuing). Requested an opportunity
Mr. Velde. Mr. Doyle, if you will give me the courtesy
Mr. Doyle (continuing) . To appear before the committee
Mr. Velde (continuing) . Of listening to me
Mr. Doyle. And the witness has been given that opportunity, and
he should be confronted with these documents.
Mr. Velde. Mr. Doyle, the witness has requested a hearing
Mr. Doyle. That is right, and we are giving him one.
Mr. Velde. And we are attempting to do the best we can to give
him a full and complete hearing, to let him have the opportunity to
explain, deny, or admit any of these associations he has actually had
in any of the front groups
Mr. Doyle. Well, the witness is being confronted
I have a right
Mr. Velde (continuing). Before this committee of the Congress.
Mr. Doyle. I have a right, Mr. Chairman, to express my opinion
as to this procedure.
I also regret very much that I don't have, as a member of the com-
mittee, a copy of the exhibits that are being produced to the witness.
I think I am entitled to know what the exhibits are
Mr. Jackson. I might say, Mr. Chairman
Mr. Doyle (continuing) . So that I may also act on the facts.
Mr. Walter. Well, Mr. Chairman, may I
Mr. Velde. All right, Mr. Walter. The Chair recognizes Mr.
Walter.
Mr. Walter. I don't know of any case where the witness has been
told in advance of the type of evidence that this committee will dis-
cuss; and, furthermore, we are here only because the bishop has re-
quested this hearing. Is that correct ?
Mr. Velde. That is right.
Mr. Walter. Now, I am of the firm opinion that the bishop is one
of the most intelligent men — if you will excuse me — that I have seen
here; and I am sure that if he doesn't know, he will say that he
doesn't know.
Why be disturbed because he hasn't in advance seen something about
which he is being interrogated ?
If he doesn't know, he will say, "I don't know."
Mr. Doyle. And then we raise the question as to why he doesn't
know.
Mr. Walter. No ; we don't.
Mr. Doyle. We have just done it in the last few minutes.
Mr. Walter. No.
Mr. Doyle. We have done it repeatedly.
Mr. Jackson. Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Velde. The committee will be in order.
Mr. Jackson. Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Velde. The Chair recognizes Mr. Jackson.
Mr. Jackson. I would like to say, as far as I know, that none of us
have that information before us. However, I have in front of me a
3714 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
general outline of the information upon which the interrogation is
based.
Some of the information relative to the California aspect of this
was developed by me, because I felt and I feel that we should put these
matters on the record and get the answers, yes or no. If there is
nothing to them, let's find out, because they were and are matters of
public knowledge.
As to the distribution of some of this material, I might say to the
gentleman from California that the time element involved was such
that it was not possible to get photostats made for each member of the
committee.
Mr. Doyle. Well, of course, then that explains why I don't have a
copy of it and why the witness wasn't given advance information.
I understand from the statement of the gentleman from California,
then, why the other procedure wasn't followed.
Mr. Kunzig. May I point out also, for the record, sir, that each con-
gressman has this brief, in which item No. 4 states the very fact that
Mr. Jackson just said.
Mr. Walter. And for the first time in the history of the operations
of this committee we have in advance been furnished with information
concerning the scope of the inquiry.
Mr. Velde. Yes ; the Chair
Mr. Kunzig- That is true.
Mr. Velde (continuing) . Would like to concur with Mr. Walter.
Mr. Walter. This is the first time, that I have been kept in the dark,
because I have not seen any
Mr. Velde. Of course, that is not true, Mr. Walter.
Mr. Walter. Of course it is true.
Mr. Velde. We do this on a nonpartisan basis and, whether it is
wrong or right, the committee members have seldom been furnished
with the information concerning a particular witness.
Mr. Doyle. Well, I think I have made my position clear, and the
statement by the gentleman from California explains why that ma-
terial was not available to the members of the committee and to the
witness, but it just was not available and I think I have a right to
expect it would be, and I wanted to make my position clear.
Mr. Jackson. I trust the explanation satisfies the gentleman on that
point.
Mr. Doyle. Yes, after a fashion.
Mr. Clardy. Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Velde. Mr. Clardy.
Mr. Clardy. The witness
Bishop Oxnam. Yes.
Mr. Clardy. Actually, we have almost forgotten you in this discus-
sion here.
Mr. Velde. The committee will be in order.
Mr. Clardy. As you see, we are engrossed in our work.
May I ask you this, prefacing it with this statement : I understood
that you wished us to give you an opportunity to explain everything
that we might have in this public file.
Now, I came to the hearing today believing that the greatest service
we could do to you as well as to the committee would be to explore
and examine upon everything that we had, and I am going to ask you
about that in a moment.
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3715
You have listed some items in your opening statement that, as a
member of this committee, I never heard of in all the time I have
been on the committee, and I have interrogated all the rest of the mem-
bers and they never heard of them either. So, get that memory of
yours working until I get to you and question you on that.
But the question I want to ask you now is this : Don't you think the
procedure we are following in exploring these things so you may clean
the record is the best service we can perform for you ?
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Clardy, I appreciate that question and the
spirit that lies back of it.
Frankly, I think the best service that could be rendered to me as an
individual, and to all the citizens of the United States, would be to see
that these files are evaluated and verified before they are released to
anybody.
Mr. Clardy. Well, may I interrupt you ?
I am not talking about the general thing. I am talking about your
own file that has been laid out to the public.
Now, there are some things — and you made statements that you
knew everything that was in the files. You really didn't, as you have
already demonstrated here, and we are bringing those things in, too.
So, my question is: Don't you think that the best course that we
could follow in your self-interest would be to do exactly what we
have been doing ?
If you tell me otherwise, I might be inclined to go along and suggest
that we just desist.
Bishop Oxnam. Well, Mr. Clardy, if I express my opinion
frankly — when a citizen finds files are released that he believes mis-
represent him, it would seem to me, instead of going through all this,
which has taken a day of the committee
Mr. Clardy. But you asked for it.
Bishop Oxnam. I did, but you are asking me what would be ideal.
That it would be much better to allow an individual to come over
here, or somebody to come over, to see the man and to check the files
before they are released.
Now, you say, sir, I referred to items that you never heard of.
Mr. Clardy. Yes.
Bishop Oxnam. I have before me the file that was released by Mr.
John S. Wood, the chairman of this committee — not only to me, but
to others — and from that file I listed the items, and if, sir, we could
have begun — and it is presumptuous for me to suggest it as a com-
mittee procedure, and I am not doing that ; I am answering your ques-
tion — if I could have had opportunity to have stated to the committee
what I believe to be incorrect in the files that I know have been re-
leased, we could have cleared that I think quickly. Then if the com-
mittee wanted to subject me to questions concerning all of these
questions, of course, I must stand that because I have requested the
privilege of coming and you have full right to know concerning every-
thing else.
That, it seems to me, would have been a little easier ; but what you
are driving at, sir, I agree and I appreciate.
Mr. Clardy. Thank you.
Mr. Walter. Well, don't you
Will you yield to me at this point ?
Mr. Velde. Mr. Walter.
3716 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
Mr. Walter. Don't you think we ought to treat this so-called raw
information just as does the Department of Justice treat the same
kind of information?
It is information that ought not be released.
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, sir; I agree with you thoroughly, and it is
because I think, in my case and in others, that this kind of informa-
tion has been released that I am petitioning the committee to clear
my own file and that of others, involving the National Council of the
Churches of Christ, for instance.
It has surprised me to find that this committee would release a file
headed, "The National Council of the Churches of Christ in Amer-
ica," but it has.
Mr. Walter. That is the kind of information that is for the ben-
efit of the members of the committee solely, to evaluate as we see
fit
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, sir ; I think you're exactly right.
Mr. Walter (continuing). Without reaching any conclusion at all
with respect to it.
It has always seemed to me that we ought to evaluate it in our own
concept and use it in connection with our own reports, but not as it
relates to individuals.
Bishop Oxnam. I would not be here, sir, if that had been the prac-
tice of the committee, and I appreciate what you say and agree with
it.
Mr. Walter. Well, nobody agrees with me, ever.
Bishop Oxnam. Well, I am agreeing with you, sir.
Mr. Jackson. Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Velde. Mr. Jackson.
May we have order.
Mr. Jackson. Mr. Chairman, this hearing has a number of unusual
aspects. In the first place, Bishop Oxnam is probably the first wit-
ness — at least the first witness in my memory — who had a degree of
censorship over the report concerning him in that there were certain
items to which he objected and a notation to that effect was entered in
the report.
I believe that the absence of the general disclaimer, which had long
been the practice of the committee, I might add, to put a disclaimer on
the report stating that it was not the conclusion of the committee — and
this is my understanding of the matter as to why it was dropped in the
instance of your report — was due to the fact you had an opportunity
to go over the material.
The disclaimer is now a part of the first page of every report that is
going out, which meets the objection, or one of the objections, which
you have entered.
However, I say there is an unusual circumstance here in that there
was an element of censorship of the report — and I don't know when
that has happened in any other case, with the exception of yours.
I merely wanted to bring that point in because I think it is impor-
tant that you realize that is currently a policy of the committee.
BishopOxNAM. Mr. Chairman, may I say I appreciate Mr. Jack-
son's statement ; but, unfortunately, it is not in accord with the fact.
These reports were released, in my case, from 1946 and there was no
opportunity given to reply until I had written Mr. Wood — I have
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3717
forgotten the year ; I can look it up, but I think it was back in either
1950 or 1951 — requesting that these be changed and made right.
Then there was included a part of the letter, I think, that I wrote
to Mr. Wood, and I think also I have the letter here from Mr. Taven-
ner, and I hoped I might be questioned about it, in which he refers to
the disclaimer and also to an action of the committee which insists that
not only you have this disclaimer at the beginning but it be included
in the report.
Well, now, the letter he wrote was written prior — if you will pardon
me, sir, I'm only saying this because I happen to know — to the release
of the report concerning me on March 31, accompanied by a letter
signed by the chairman of the committee. In other words, after the
action had been taken, the disclaimer was not attached to a report that
I know about, and the material was not included in the report itself,
in accordance with the order.
And I think, sir, that if you take the report on the National Council
of the Churches of Christ, it simply begins by saying : "This committee
has never made an investigation," and then lists prominent individuals
related to the national council, with all of the kind of citations that
have been brought here concerning me this afternoon, and there's
something wrong there; and, gentlemen, instead
Mr. Walter. Well, now, will you yield to me at that point?
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, sir.
Mr. Walter. Are you under the mistaken impression that the law
imposes upon us the duty to look only into Communist activities?
Bishop Oxnam. I think
Mr. Walter. You see
Bishop Oxnam. Un-American activities, sir.
Mr. Walter. There is another phase. We are concerned with activi-
ties that aid and abet Communist movements and with people who
assist Communist movements, wittingly or unwittingly.
I am not going to express my own opinion about your membership
in these organizations, but we are concerned with the machinations
of the Communist Party which result in naive people fronting all sorts
of activities which have as their ultimate result the destruction of our
republican form of government.
Bishop Oxnam. Well, you see, both of my sons were overseas
Mr. Walter. Well, I am not interested in that.
Bishop Oxnam. In the Army
Mr. Walter. I don't care whether they were or not.
Bishop Oxnam. And I want-
Mr. Walter. So let's not get off on a tangent
Bishop Oxnam. I am not
Mr. Walter (continuing). Every time a question is asked.
Bishop Oxnam (continuing). Getting off on a tangent.
I am going to ask, if I may, sir, why a report on the National Council
of the Churches of America is released by this body without the kind
of disclaimer that is said to accompany all of the reports now.
Mr. Velde. Well, let me say again, Bishop, the public information
that is in the files of this committee is a collection of information
already released to the public. Any person could get the same infor-
mation about you, or about me, by going to the Congressional Library,
for instance ; and that is what our files, our public files, consist of — just
3718 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
a collection of information that was written, newspapers or informa-
tion listed on letterheads, and so forth.
I want to say, too, that these files, these public files, have largely been
responsible for the prosecution and conviction of known espionage
agents, including Alger Hiss.
So, we must continue — or at least it is my opinion that we must
continue — the system of collecting and assembling this public infor-
mation.
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, I've never objected to that. I have
objected to the release of it before it is verified.
Surely this great committee when it puts something out on its letter-
head involving an individual would wish to verify it before it puts it
out, even though it says that it is public information.
When you list that I wrote an article on Stalin, which I did not
write, the Congressional Library does not have information to that
effect.
Mr. Moulder. Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Velde. Mr. Moulder.
Mr. Moulder. As I understand the bishop, it is your contention that
the issuance of that information amounts to a verification because of
its release by the Committee on Un-American Activities. Is that your
contention
Bishop Oxnam. My contention
Mr. Moulder (continuing). That it amounts to an indirect verifi-
cation ?
Bishop Oxnam. Quite.
Mr. Moulder. Let's put it that way.
Bishop Oxnam. When it's on the letterhead of this committee, with
Congress back of it, people understandably believe that it represents
an opinion unless the disclaimer is clearly there, and it hasn't been in
my case and in many others.
Mr. Moulder. In other words
Mr. Walter. Well, the right
Mr. Velde. I assure you it will be from now on.
Bishop Oxnam. Well, I appreciate that.
Mr. Velde. As the gentleman from California, Mr. Jackson, has
stated, it has been rumored that the disclaimer on any of the articles
that are listed in our reports should be printed in the body of the
report ; and I think that is one thing that you recommended that we
do
Bishop Oxnam. Yes.
Mr. Velde. And we certainly appreciate that recommendation, and
it is being done at the present time and will continue to be done.
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, for my own information — and I'm
very sincere here — what is the purpose of releasing this public infor-
mation, for which the committee does not vouch ? What is its purpose ?
Mr. Velde. This information is not released by the committee. It
has been released previously-
Bishop Oxnam. Well, it is
Mr. Velde. And it is
Bishop Oxnam. Released when it goes out in connection with your
letterhead.
Mr. Velde. In response to a question a while ago, you indicated that
you didn't know about your being listed on letterheads of certain
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3719
organizations until you learned through our files that you were listed.
I feel that you, as a good American citizen, should appreciate the fact
that our committee made this knowledge about you available.
Bishop Oxnam. 1 do appreciate it, but would have appreciated it
more if you would have sent it to me instead of released it to others
because it has been used by private agencies. I will not mention them
here, but one private agency has used this material seriously to harm
one's reputation — and it got it from this committee. That's what I'm
getting at, sir.
Mr. Walter. May I
Bishop Oxnam. Yes.
Mr. Walter (continuing) . Ask you a question at that point, Bishop ?
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, sir.
Mr. Walter. In the statement you made, you said in your second
paragraph, "Those 'files' so released have been used by private agen-
cies as evidence of Communist sympathies."
What private agencies used these files?
Bishop Oxnam. The American Council of Churches, for one.
Mr. Walter. And what other private agencies?
Bishop Oxnam. The so-called Council of Christian Laymen, headed
by a gentleman named Gene — I mean Verne Kaub of Madison, Wis.
Mr. Walter. Is that a private agency?
Bishop Oxnam. Well, it's
Mr. Velde. I hope, Mr. Walter, we won't get into further inquiry
along that line.
Let's proceed in regular order.
Mr. Walter. Mr. Chairman, I still wish to inquire
Mr. Velde. All right.
Mr. Walter. What other private agencies?
Bishop Oxnam. If you will allow me, sir, I think I can file a list
of 20.
Mr. Walter. But these aren't organizations, are they?
Bishop Oxnam. The American Council of Churches is an organiza-
tion, I should judge, of about 170,000 people, perhaps.
Mr. Walter. What object would they have in using files of the
Committee on Un-American Activities to injure you?
Bishop Oxnam. I'll be glad to answer that if the chairman will
allow me to do so.
Mr. Walter. Oh, yes.
Mr. Velde. Certainly.
Bishop Oxnam. The American-
Mr. Doyle. Well, Mr. Chairman
Mr. Velde. Will you yield there?
Mr. Doyle. I expect
Mr. Velde. Mr. Walter has asked a question, and the Bishop wishes
to answer it.
Mr. Doyle. I just want
Mr. Walter. Well, I am not through, Mr. Doyle. Just wait a min-
ute until I get an answer.
Bishop Oxnam. The American Council of Churches
Mr. Doyle. I think
Mr. Walter. I don't care what you think.
Mr. Doyle. I want the record to show
Mr. Walter. Well, Mr. Chairman
3720 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
Mr. Doyle. I think it is
Mr. Velde. Regular order. Let's give the bishop an opportunity
to answer the questions.
Mr. Doyle. I think the question
Mr. Walter. Well, you don't know.
Mr. Doyle. Well, I can say what I think.
Mr. Velde. The Chair does not recognize any member of this com-
mittee until the bishop has had an opportunity to answer the question
of the gentleman from Pennsylvania, Mr. Walter.
Proceed in regular order.
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, the American Council of Churches
was really organized as a small group to attack the National Council
of Churches, which is composed of 30 of the great communions of this
Nation, with a membership in excess of 34 millions.
Mr. Walter. Well, we are going very far afield.
Bishop Oxnam. No; I am going to say why it attacked me. I was
one of the presidents
Mr. Jackson. Mr. Chairman, I am going to object to this statement.
It is going into exactly and precisely the phase of factional church
disputes which, in the chairman's statement, was placed outside the
interrogation. I think the committee will open itself to very serious
criticism from all sides if this particular matter is discussed, and I
would have the same objection to any interfaith discussion.
Mr. Clardy. May I agree with the gentleman from California and
say I don't want to have any part in that kind of fight.
Mr. Walter. Well, of course, I am the last person in the world to
precipitate that sort of thing, but I am looking at the bishop's state-
ment, and these arguments are all
Mr. Jackson. I still register my objection.
Mr. Walter. This statement says :
These "files," so released, have been used by private agencies.
Now, Bishop, are these church groups private agencies ?
Bishop Oxnam. Well, I was using the term, sir, to make it clear
that they are not irovernmental agencies.
Mr. Walter. Oh, all right. Then that is all. You have answered
the question.
Bishop Oxnam. Thank you.
Mr. Velde. The Chair would appreciate it if we could proceed in
regular order, and
Bishop Oxnam. I didn't care to press that, Mr. Chairman. I asked
if you wanted me to answer the question, and I didn't wish to deal with
it myself.
Mr. Velde. Let us proceed in regular order and within the jurisdic-
tion of this committee. Let's not get into any religious arguments
of any kind. We all believe in freedom of religion, freedom to wor-
ship as one chooses, and I am sure the bishop does, too.
Bishop Oxnam. Exactly.
Mr. Velde. So this
Mr. Kunzig. Mr. Chairman, I should like to offer in evidence the
documents marked "Oxnam Exhibits Nos. 26, 27, 28, and 29," which
were the subject of this discussion for about the last half hour.
Mr. Velde. Without objection, they will be admitted.
(The documents referred to were received in evidence as Oxnam
exhibit No. 26, Oxnam exhibit No. 27, Oxnam exhibit No. 28, and
Oxnam exhibit No. 29.)
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3721
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 26
GENERAL AMNESTY
MASS-MEETING
For all Political and Class War Prisoners
-TO BE HELD IN-
BLANCHARD HALL
233 S. Broadway
WEDNESDAY. APRIL 13th. 1921
AT 8:00 P. M.
speakers:
Harriet Dunlop Prenter
of Toronto Canada
Rev. G. Brombey Oxnam
AND OTHER GOOD SPEAKERS
J. H. RYCKMAN. will take the chair at 8 P. M. sharp.
UNDER AUSPICES
ADMISSION FREE, general amnesty committee
43620—54 10
3722 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 27
(Los Angeles Times, June 2, 1923)
Bob Shuler Also Quits Mr. Oxnam — Radical Activities of the School Board
Candidate Too Much for Him
Rev. Bob Shuler, president of the Ministerial Union, pastor of Trinity Meth-
odist Church, and until yesterday one of the warmest supporters of G. Bromley
Oxnam, radical candidate for the board of education, yesterday notified Mr.
Oxnam that he is withdrawing his support of Mr. Oxnam's candidacy and will
do all he can to undo the effect produced by his work to date in Mr. Oxnam's
behalf. Dr. Shuler sets out in his letter that he is prompted to this repudiation
of Mr. Oxnam because of the latter's presence and actions at the Sinclair-
I. W. W. meeting, as set forth in the letter of Col. LeRoy Smith, printed in
yesterday's Times, and because of the character of Mr. Oxnaon's reply to a
patriotic question propounded to him by the Sons of the Revolution.
Dr. Shuler's repudiation of Mr. Oxnam follows closely that of Dr. Gustav A.
Briegleb, pastor of the Westlake Presbyterian Church, and another prominent
churchman who has supported Mr. Oxnam until the nature of the latter's
radical activities became apparent to him as a result of the Sinclair meeting.
One of the questions propounded by the Sons of the Revolution to all candi-
dates for the school board was this : "Do you approve the use of histories in
our schools, written primarily from the American standpoint, without unfair-
ness to other countries?" To this question Mr. Oxnam replied "No," Mary C.
Millspaugh, another candidate on the Oxnam ticket, qualified her affirmative.
William B. Himrod, another candidate on the Oxnam ticket, made a qualified
response. To the question "Do you approve direct control by the people on all
questions as in a strictly democratic form of government?" all school board
candidates replied flatly "No" except Mr. Oxnam, Mr. Timrod (sic.) , and M. C. Bet-
tinger, another candidate on the Oxnam ticket, who qualified their negatives
and John J. Craig, another candidate on the Oxnam ticket, who failed to reply.
"Direct control by the people on all questions" is one of the fundamental prin-
ciples of the Soviet or Communistic form of government.
Following is the letter of Dr. Shuler to Mr. Oxnam, verbatim :
Los Angeles, Calif.,
June 1, 1923.
Rev. G. Bromley Oxnam, D. D.,
2211-A Cambridge Street, Los Angeles, Calif.
My Dear Mr. Oxnam : I have just finished reading the letter addressed to
Dr. Byron H. Wilson by Col. LeRoy F. Smith and have also noted your answer
to the questionnaire sent out by the Sons of the American Revolution anent
the teaching of American History in our public schools. With a heart hurt to
the depths, I am writing you to say that the facts are now such that I cannot
go farther with you in your candidacy for the school board.
As you know, I endorsed your candidacy in the May magazine. Yesterday we
mailed out 14,000 copies of the June number, carrying the same endorsement.
I have never been able to think with you, but I have believed in you. I have had
implicit confidence in your ability, your honesty, and the sincerity of your motives.
Therefore, I have remained with you and for you, even when my better judgment
prompted otherwise. But the issue is now so clearly drawn that I can go no
further.
While I find it impossible to longer support your public ambitions, I want
you to know that I still retain the same feeling of respect and esteem for your
ability, your honesty, and your sincerity. I know, however, that you are dread-
fully wrong. I have 3 boys and 2 girls to whom I must answer, and I confess
that your public attitude in an hour of national peril, and your associations with
a mighty attack being made by these forces upon our Government, are too much
for me.
Never in my life have I faced a necessity that grieved me more than this, but
my love for America and her institutions has made a demand upon me that has
been for several days insistent and has grown today to be imperative. It there-
fore becomes my duty, painful and almost tragic for me, to correct so far as
possible the influence that I have set going through my endorsement of your
candidacy.
Yours ever,
Bob Shuler.
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3723
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 28
(Los Angeles Times, April 26, 1923, p. 1)
Do IV e IV ant Oxnam On the Board of Education?
The Criminal Syndicalism Law Must Go I ! !
YOU ARE INVITED TO ATTEND A
PROTEST MASS MEETING
AGAINST THE
CRIMINAL SYNDICALISM ACT
Sunday, Morning, Feb. 11, 10 o'clocK
SYMPHONY HALL, 232 So. Hill St
SPEAKERS :
R. W. HENDERSON (blind L&wyer from laKersfield)
REV. G. B. OXNAM and J. H. RTCKHAN. of Los Angeles
Members of I. W. W. now on trial will addrea* the meeting
35 GENERAL DEFENSE COMMITTEE
Facsimile of I.W.W. "Protest Mass Meeting" Announcement
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 29
(Los Angeles Times, May 19, 1923)
OXNAM WORKING WITH SINCLAIR
School Board Candidate To Preside at "Protest" on I. W. W. Behalf
Public announcement was made yesterday that G. Bromley Oxnam, radical
candidate for the board of education on the so-called teachers' ticket, will preside
at the meeting called by Upton Sinclair, Socialist author, to be held this evening
at Walker Auditorium to protest against the methods employed by the authoriies
in handling the I. W. W. strike at the harbor.
In another column, the same publication printed resolutions adopted by the
executive committee of the Los Angeles High School Teachers' Association
defending Oxnam against the charges of radicalism made against him. It is this
association which recently issued instructions to public-school teachers of Los
Angeles to use school time, school premises, and school machinery in the cam-
paign to elect a teachers' board of education.
Mr. Kunzig. Bishop Oxnam, sir, back in this period of time, in
Los Angeles, you were, I believe, a member and perhaps still are of the
American Civil Liberties Union, 16 is that correct? (See Oxnam ex-
hibit No. 30, p. 3755.)
i9 The California Committee on Un-American Activities, in its 1948 report, pp. 107-109,
stated :
"In its 1943 report to the legislature, the legislative committee investigating un-Ameri-
can activities in California reported the following finding : 'The American Civil Liberties
Union may be definitely classed as a Communist front or "transmission belt" organization.
At least 90 percent of its efforts are expended on behalf of Communists who come into
conflict with the law. While it professes to stand for free speech, a free press, and free
assembly, it is quite obvious that its main function is to protect Communists in their
activities of force and violence in their program to overthrow the Government.' " [This
quotation may be found on p. 92 of the 1943 California report.l
3724 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
Bishop Oxnam. The American Civil Liberties Union-
Mr. Kunzig. I just asked you whether you were or weren't.
Bishop Oxnam. Well, just a moment.
Mr. Kunzig. You can explain afterwards.
Bishop Oxnam. Quite.
Mr. Kunzig. Were you or weren't you ?
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, sir; I was.
Mr. Kunzig. Now, please explain your answer.
Bishop Oxnam. The American Civil Liberties Union, I think, was
organized in 1923. I think it was organized because of the very
serious violations in the field of civil liberties that had occurred in
southern California at that time. I could be specific, if necessary. I
may say, very frankly, that I met with the group and was with it but a
very short time — I think less than — I couldn't say — 3 or 4 months
perhaps at the most — and the reason was this: I thought they were
more interested in creating problems than in solving problems. That
is, I feel the Civil Liberties Union renders its great service when a
civil liberty is put in jeopardy if it takes the matter, in the proper way,
to the courts of the United States, where a man's civil liberties are
ever protected.
I resigned from the organization almost immediately, and I have
checked since — that is the reason I can speak this way — the records of
the American Civil Liberties Union in California will show from 1924
to 1928, when I left southern California, I was not a member of the
organization, not upon its board of directors and had nothing to do-
with it. I was for that brief period.
Now, since then, when I came to Boston, I believe I joined the
American Civil Liberties Union again — I think in 19 — it may have
been 1940. I went to Boston in 1939 in, I think, the summer. I have
been a member of the American Civil Liberties Union since that time.
I believe it to be one of the organizations of this country rendering
very valuable service in the maintenance of the civil liberties of this
country ; and if there were time, I would like to read into the record
statements from Thomas E. Dewey concerning it, from General Mac-
Arthur concerning it, from President Truman, from Gen. Lucius B.
Clay, and men of that kind, includinga message sent by the Presi-
dent of the United States, President Eisenhower, to a recent meet-
ing where several of the agencies standing for civil liberties, I be-
lieve, were meeting in Philadelphia, a message from the President
commending these agencies for what they were doing.
I am a member of it.
Mr. Kunzig. Bishop, you are just jumping a little ahead of time
because nobody is saying anything, for the moment, against the Amer-
ican Civil Liberties Union.
The next thing I want to ask you about is in regard to the American
Civil Liberties Union back at an earlier period of time. I think you
will admit there was a little difference in an earlier period when a
The 1948 California report continues with a description of an antitotalitarianism reso-
lution within the ACLU during the Stalin-Hitler pact ; a protest against the resolution
by 17 "liberal leaders" ; the comment by the California committee that "undoubtedly the-
American Civil Liberties Union was resorting to drastic Communist strategy in retreating
during the Stalin-Hitler pact" ; a listing of various officials of the ACLU ; a discussion of
Open Forum, a bulletin of the ACLU's southern California branch. The California report
concludes : "The Senate Committee Fact-Finding Committee on Un-American Activities-
reiterates the findings of former legislative committees concerning the Communist charac-
ter of the American Civil Liberties Union" (p. 110).
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3725
certain Harry P. "Ward was chairman of the American Civil Liberties
Union.
Bishop Oxnam. I think it was Harry F. "Ward.
Mr. Kunzig. Harry F. "Ward ?
Bishop Oxnam. Yes.
Mr. Kunzig. Yon know he is a good friend of yours ; is that right ?
Bishop Oxnam. Just a minute. Don't put answers in my mouth,
please.
Mr. Kunzig. Just answer the question.
Bishop Oxnam. I will.
Mr. Kunzig. Is he a good friend of yours ?
Bishop Oxnam. I will have to answer that question by telling you
when he was and what my relationship is with him now.
Mr. Kunzig. "Well, please do that.
Bishop Oxnam. Professor Ward came to the Boston School of
Theology, I believe, in 1914. I was a student. He was a brilliant
teacher. He was an inspirational personality. He made an extraor-
dinary contribution to the students of that institution. I was very,
very fond of him. I took dictation from him as a part-time secretary
in the dictation of one of his books. I knew his family. Professor
Ward was a leader in the social movement of the Methodist Church
and over a long period of time rendered, I believe, very valuable
service.
There came a time in my mind when I believed that Professor Ward
had shifted his views concerning the whole Communist question. I
found myself in fundamental disagreement with Professor Ward as
early as 1928.
In 1932 I had to propose, I believe — no ; it was 1928 that I proposed
the message that was drafted by the Methodist Church for the resolu-
tion on the social question. It was in opposition to Professor Ward's
proposal, but what I proposed was carried by the Methodist Church.
In 1936 I drafted the resolution that put the Methodist Church on
record as one of the earliest denominations in oposition to communism
and to fascism. We were, but nobody had ever said that before, and
I wanted it in a clear resolution.
From 1936 — and I'm not sure I saw Professor Ward even then — I've
seen Professor Ward once — I know since 1936 — I think probably since
1932.
Now, then, he Avas an inspirational teacher, to whom I owe very,
very much. He was a dear personal friend. When he shifted his
views, as I believe, I had to break with Professor Ward. He under-
stood it.
I can bring for the committee, if it wishes, the letters that I wrote
to him back at that time indicating a complete break in — in the matter
of what he was standing for and what I believed we should stand for.
So, when you ask me if he is my friend, I can't say yes or no to
that. I have to recount this, and Professor Ward was a member of the
American Civil Liberties Union, and when that organization
Mr. Kunzig. He was the head of it at that time, wasn't he?
Bishop Oxnam. Yes. Well, I don't know whether he was in 1923.
He may have been. I don't know, but what I am saying is
Mr. Kunzig. Here is the document.
Bishop Ox nt am. In 1940 when the American Civil Liberties Union
took action barring anyone who believes in totalitarianism from the
3726 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
organization, Professor Ward resigned in protest, which indicated, I
think, his attitude upon several matters; and I believe others were
expelled from the organization.
It was one of the first organizations, I think, to take action barring
Communists really from its membership.
Mr. Kunzig. We are not denying that in the slightest, sir.
Bishop Oxnam. Yes.
Mr. Kunzig. Now, this same Professor Ward was also head of the
Union Theological Seminary ; is that right ?
Bishop Oxnam. No, sir.
Mr. Kunzig. That is not correct?
Bishop Oxnam. He was a professor in the Union Theological
Seminary.
Mr. Kunzig. And a most influential one ?
Bishop Oxnam. He was a professor there. I wouldn't say "most."
There are many men there. It has a distinguished faculty. When
you have men like Reinhold Niebuhr, and men of that kind, you don't
use the word in regard to any of the faculty.
Mr. Jackson. A most.
Mr. Kunzig. A most
Bishop Oxnam. Well, "a most" is a contradiction in terms gram-
matically, isn't it ?
Mr. Jackson. I wanted to get the phraseology correct.
Mr. Clardy. Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Velde. Mr. Clardy.
Mr. Clardy. May I address a question ?
Mr. Velde. Yes, Mr. Clardy.
Mr. Clardy. I have mentioned repeatedly, Witness, the testimony
which is about to be released. I want to direct your attention
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, sir ; I am listening carefully.
Mr. Clardy. To one portion of it — that portion which specifically
says that when the Communist Party was organized in 1919 Dr. Ward
was already a convinced Communist, with a few insignificant, minor
reservations.
I am quoting verbatim from the testimony, and then
Mr. Velde. Whose testimony ?
Mr. Clardy. Yes; that is the testimony by Benjamin Gitlow, who
was one of the founders and organizers of the Communist Party in
the United States.
Now, I shall not go on beyond that, except to direct your attention
to that part, because immediately following the portion I have read
to you — and it will be possibly in the first 15 pages or so of that part
of the transcript devoted to his testimony, because it is on page 29
of the typewritten — is a delineation of the part that Dr. Ward —
Rev. Dr. Ward — followed in connection with the syndicalist and
other movements.
I ask you to read that particularly, because you will discover
through all that time of your association with him he was a
Communist.
Now, I want to make it abundantly clear that what I am saying is
in no way intended to reflect a belief that I thought you were a Com-
munist or persuaded to be such, because I don't believe that, but I am
trying to make the point to you that you have lived with any number
of these people, including Dr. Ward, and your awareness was not, I
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3727
think, up to what it should be ; and I am calling it to your attention
so that you will see this committee, in doing this, is endeavoring to
alert not just you, but the entire Nation to what has been going on
under their nose in an effort by the Communist Party to destroy the
dearest thing we have, our religion here in the United States.
I ask you to read that and then confer with me, if you will.
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman
Mr. Velde. Just a minute.
Bishop Oxnam. Yes ; thank you, sir.
Mr. Velde. Will you submit that for him to read, or will
Mr. Clardy. Oh, the entire testimony is out. As you know, We
released it as soon as it was ready for printing ; but I will be glad to
show him this from my notebook here as soon as this is over, if he
wishes it.
Mr. Velde. All right.
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, in 1936 one was alerted and in 1928
I referred to the fact I was in opposition to Professor Ward's resolu-
tions.
I am reading from a letter wrote to Bishop Charles Wesley Flint,
July 19, 1936, referring to Professor Ward :
He takes the Communist position as to objective, if not as to method. I re-
pudiate it. Too often they — his associates — prefer a fight to an advance. They
would rather throw bricks than build with them. Unless we are willing to build
in their precise blueprint — I should say redprint — way * * *
These were my attitudes and that, I think, may possibly suggest it.
Mr. Velde. Do you have a copy of that particular letter ?
Bishop Oxnam. I can get it, sir. This was a letter that was ad-
dressed to Bishop Flint on that date. It is one of his, and I got this
from him. I can get the letter, if you would like to have it.
Mr. Velde. And if the witness will please submit it to the com-
mittee for its perusal
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, you have made several requests, and
I haven't noted them. Will it be possible for the record to indicate
them so that I may fulfill my promises in this matter ?
Mr. Velde. Yes ; the record will so indicate.
Bishop Oxnam. Thank you, sir.
Mr. Jackson. Mr. Chairman, may I ask, before that is put away,
what was the date of that statement?
Bishop Oxnam. The date of that was July 19, 1936.
Mr. Jackson. I have in front of me, Bishop, an article, a news-
paper article, I should say, under date of May 15, 1939. This is
a little out of order because it is going into the MFSA, but I think it
is apropos to bring this particular point out at this time. This was
the session in Kansas City of the newly organized federation and, as
I understand it, from reading it very briefly, it was either an organiza-
tion meeting of the federation or something of that sort. It states
here — and I merely ask you whether or not this is correct, sir, in light
of what you just said :
Bishop Oxnam paid a high tribute to the federation and to its secretary, Dr.
Ward, whom he regarded as one of the greatest leaders in the new industrial-
social-economic planned movement.
It goes on to say —
Bishop Oxnam said as a student he took dictation from Dr. Ward in writing
some of his books known to all leaders.
3728 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
My question is whether that is substantially correct or completely in
error, or what are the facts relative to that newspaper report ?
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, that is a quotation from the Bureau
County Republican. I have stated that I categorically denied what
was reported concerning that particular meeting.
I'm sorry to say that — well, I needn't go into it. I just make that
statement.
Now, it's quite true Professor Ward was a very dear friend through
the years, and I'm perfectly willing to pay tribute to Professor Ward
for what he did for the Methodist Church during a certain period.
He's an old man now of 80 years or so of age. When, for instance,
the Methodist Federation under his leadership and Bishop McCon-
nell's attacked the 12-hour day in steel and the 7-day week and the
24-hour day on the change of shift, I believed that was a very valuable
service; and while Bishop McConnell was seriously criticized all over
the Nation for it, it seemed to me it was something worthy of the
highest praise.
And if you will let me say, sir, in a single sentence, I think the
reason why the term that describes American business today cannot
be used to describe American business of 50 years ago — in a word,
we're not using the term "robber baron" any more ; we're thinking of
responsible leaders in industry. One of the main reasons why that
great shift has occurred and why there is a new conscience, I think, is
because of the preaching of the church that sought to apply the
religion of Jesus to the American economic life.
Now, to come back to Professor Ward, at that particular meeting,
I don't doubt for a minute that I said some very kind words concerning
Professor Ward in his service to the church. I do not accept the
quotation in that report. That report, I'm sorry to say, was vicious
and was false— and I think I could prove that, if I have to.
Mr. Velde. Well, now, Bishop, it so happens that the report comes
from the largest weekly newspaper that is printed in the United States.
Bishop Oxnam. Well, it has about 7,000 circulation, doesn't it?
Mr. Velde. Yes, and the editor of that newspaper, who is now
deceased, through all my information, was an able, outstanding, patri-
otic American citizen. I hesitate to have you say that article is an
absolute false report. Now, I wonder if you could make any other
statement concerning that, other than it is a vicious statement.
Bishop Oxnam. I can only say, sir, that report was a false report.
1 don't mean to say anything about a man who's gone. I didn't know
he was gone until recently, until somebody announced to me that he
was dead; but I happen to have a letter here from the minister in
that church during the time this gentleman was editing that paper,
and I do not care to put it into the record but, if I must, I will, because
I think it will bear out precisely what I have been saying concerning
that matter.
Mr. Clardy. Mr. Chairman, may I ask a question ?
Mr. Velde. Mr. Clardy.
Mr. Clardy. Well, Bishop, I think I know the part you are object-
ing to — some comments about you other than that — but didn't you
just a moment ago say that the factual part, dealing with whether or
not you delivered a tribute to Dr. Ward, Reverend Dr. Ward, was true
or not, was true? You admit that is true — you did deliver such
Bishop Oxnam. I don't doubt
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3729
Mr. Clardy (continuing). A tribute?
Bishop Oxnam (continuing). For a moment I said some words in
praise of Dr. Ward, his service to the church in days gone by, and the
like.
You see, while I had personally come to the conviction that I could
no longer go along with him, I don't think when you're dealing with a
friend of many years, who's had distinguished leadership in the
church, that you're called upon publicly to call him a Communist
under the circumstances of that particular meeting
Mr. Clardy. Well, J wasn't asking that.
Mr. Velde. That is what puzzles me. How can you, then, say that
this article, which was written by a person who attended the convention
in Kansas City, was there personally, was a falsity when you admit
you did give words of praise to him, as is contained in this article?
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, if you will take the article, as it
was quoted in the Washington Post report, I'll take up sentence by
sentence, if you wish, and show that those sentences were false, be-
cause what was attributed to me there was not only false but an illus-
tration that he quotes Bishop McConnell as using was so ridiculously
turned around that it would be very interesting evidence if you had.
time for me to present it to you.
Mr. Clardy. Well, Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Velde. Mr. Clardy.
Mr. Clardy. May I conclude with what I started?
(At this point Bishop Oxnam conferred with Mr. Parlin.)
Mr. Clardy. May I have your attention a moment, sir ?
Bishop Oxnam. Yes ; I am sorry. It is very difficult to check these
records and pay attention to nine men.
Mr. Clardy. I am not asking you to check any records. I just want
to get one point completely clear.
Wouldn't you amend your blanket indictment of that newspaper
by saying that it was at least factually correct as to whether or not
you did deliver that kind of eulogy of Dr. Ward ?
Bishop Oxnam. No, sir. because the words that are used here went
far beyond anything that I would have said.
You read them a minute ago. I can't quite find them at the moment.
Mr. Clardy. I am not asking you to quote the words nor am I asking
you to approve the language, nor even the general meaning, other than
one thing: Didn't they correctly report you as having delivered some
kind of speech that praised the Reverend Dr. Ward ?
Bishop Oxnam. If the counsel will read what he read there, I'll
be able to say, sir, whether I made that kind of tribute.
Mr. Clardy. No; I am not asking you anything about the news-
paper report, except from one standpoint: They said you made a
speech that praised the Reverend Dr. Ward. Now, is that or is that
not true ?
Bishop Oxnam. You're making me say, sir, I made a speech
Mr. Clardy. I'm not
Bishop Oxnam. Praising Dr. Ward. I said to the committee that
I no doubt used some words of tribute in connection with Professor
Ward. I admit that. Let's put it in correctly.
Mr. Clardy. All right.
Bishop Oxnam. Yes.
3730 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
Mr. Clardy. To that extent wouldn't you agree that the Bureau
County Republican was factually correct?
Bishop Oxnam. If you feel better about it, Mr. Clardy, in that
particular matter
Mr. Clardy. No.
Bishop Oxnam. I'll be happy to say that.
Mr. Clardy. You won't make me feel either way, sir. I just want
the truth.
Bishop Oxnam. That is what I am trying to state.
Mr. Clardy. Well, I think that is so, but you are making it hard for
me to drag it out.
Mr. Jackson. Mr. Chairman, I should have said — and I want to
correct any portion if any portion of what I said is in quotation
marks — it is not quoted. It is a statement — a general statement
Bishop Oxnam. Yes.
Mr. Jackson. Not in quotation marks. I want to make that
clear
Bishop Oxnam. Yes.
Mr. Jackson. That this statement is an interpretation of what
took place and is not carried as a direct quote.
Mr. Velde. The counsel will proceed.
Mr. Kunzig. Mr. Chairman, I should like
Mr. Clardy. I don't want to monopolize, but I would like to finish
that. Every time I get started something happens.
Just one more thing, Bishop, and then I am done.
I am puzzled to think that you would say here that you knew that
Dr. Ward was a Communist quite a few years prior to the time you
delivered these kind remarks. Now, didn't you at any time, after
you discovered it and the time you delivered those remarks, think it
incumbent upon you to make that information known — if not to this
•committee that you didn't like, but to the FBI that you mentioned, or
to the Attorney General, or somebody else — because any Communist,
whether he be in the church or out, sir, is a danger to this Nation, and
I wondered if you didn't realize that you had, as an American citizen,
the duty and the responsibility, if you had information and belief
on that, to pass it on, whether it was to this committee or not ? Didn't
that occur to you, sir ?
Bishop Oxnam. First of all, I didn't say he was a Communist. I
said he takes the Communist position as to objective.
In the next place, back there in those days, I don't think we thought
of this situation as we do now.
Mr. Clardy. Well, I did, sir.
Bishop Oxnam. Well, I am glad you did, sir. I wish I had. I did
not see that as a clear and present danger at that time. My only posi-
tion is bringing this into the open and answering it with the Ameri-
can answer is the best way to strike down communism, in the long run,
anyhow.
Mr. Clardy. That is what we are trying to clo, sir.
Bishop Oxnam. Right, and that is the best answer I can give to you,
and I am sorry, Mr. Clardy.
Mr. Clardy. Well, you do not have to be sorry.
Mr. Velde. Mr. Jackson.
Mr. Jackson. Mr. Chairman, inasmuch as the matter of the Bureau
County Republican has been brought into issue, I have here an edi-
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3731
torial from the Bureau County Republican, dated April 9, 1953, en-
titled, "Our Opinion, A Double-Bladed Knife." I respectfully re-
quest that it be inserted into the proceedings of the committee at this
time.
Mr. Velde. Is there objection? All right, it will be recorded in the
record. 17
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, is that something that involves me?
Mr. Jackson. It relates to this meeting and to "your answer" in
the Washington newspaper relative to the Bureau County Republican.
Bishop Oxnam. You see, I am sure this is quite all right, but if you
would allow me to introduce the citations when I received honorary
degrees and what has been said about me, since I am called in question
apparently, the record would be an interesting one. When I men-
tion anything, there seems to be immediately something going into
the record to defend it. Maybe I am wrong on that, but
Mr. Doyle. Mr. Chairman
Mr. Velde. I wonder, Bishop — just a minute, Mr. Doyle, please.
I wonder if you would be satisfied if we would introduce into the
record at this point your statement in Who's Who in America.
Bishop Oxnam. Well, I don't wish that particularly to be put into
the record, sir.
Mr. Velde. Well, that includes all of the information that you gave
apparently.
Bishop Oxnam. No ; I would prefer to let that go. I was just rais-
ing the question of why, when I mention an organization, we immedi-
ately have somethong put in to defend it when there is so much that
could be put in regarding one's services — he hopes it has been — so it
will balance that up.
Forget that ; I beg your pardon, sir.
Mr. Velde. It seems to me that that is a fair way to do this appar-
ently. Every organization you belong to of which you are proud — as
all members of the committee have done, I believe, and we are all in
Who's Who, you submitted to Who's Who for insertion in their
book
Bishop Oxnam. Would it not be better to let me submit to you some
editorials from some of the great newspapers of the country, if you
want to do that kind of thing ? They might be more in keeping with
this kind of matter.
Mr. Walter. We are going very far afield.
Bishop Oxnam. I think so.
Mr. Velde. I realize that, of course, and the committee appreciated
the things you would like to submit to it for consideration.
Bishop Oxnam. Thank you, sir. I appreciate that.
Mr. Doyle. Mr. Chairman, may I raise this question, please : Again
the acoustics are not so clear so that Mr. Jackson's observation — that
was that he proposed to introduce an editorial wherein the bishop is
mentioned, is that true ?
Mr. Jackson. That is correct.
Mr. Doyle. Why should it not be read so he can answer it ?
Mr. Jackson. I would be quite willing
Mr. Doyle. Why should he not be presented with it so he can have
a chance to answer it ?
17 Mr. Jackson's question was later withdrawn and the editorial was not filed.
3732 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
Mr. Walter. What does an editorial prove ? I ask the question in
all seriousness.
Mr. Jackson. I am giving an answer. The original report of the
committee to which the witness took exception dealt with a story in
the Bureau County Republican.
Mr. Walter. Where is that, if I may ask ?
Mr. Jackson. Some place out in Illinois, I guess, some place 'out in
the Midwest ; but to get back, the report set forth certain facts relative
to this paper, to this meeting, and the answer which appeared in a
Washington newspaper, and the material which was contained in this
article was brought into question by Bishop Oxnam.
In return the newspaper filed its answer which represents the only
answer or the only opportunity to answer which the newspaper has
had since the appearance of the material in the report. In other
words, it is in answer to Bishop Oxnam's answer, and if you are going
to maintain a balance, it seems to me that it is
Mr. Walter. No ; let us get the bishop's
Mr. Velde. The editorial has already been admitted into the evi-
dence, and I asked if there were any objections to it. No one had
objections
Mr. Frazier. We object.
Mr. Doyle. I object to it unless it is read and the bishop has a chance
to answer it.
Mr. Velde. The gentleman must recall that I asked if there were
any objections.
Mr. Doyle. I am sorry.
Mr. Frazier. Mr. Chairman, at that time I asked what the contents
were.
Mr. Jackson. May I suggest that the editorial be read?
Mr. Clardy. The bishop is reading it now.
Mr. Velde. Suppose we let counsel read it.
Mr. Walter. Do not keep it to yourself, Bishop. I want to know
what is in it myself.
Mr. Chairman, can we not save a little time? What do we care
what this weekly newspaper says? Let us ask the bishop a question
and get his answer, not an answer from some country editor. Let us
get his answer.
Mr. Jackson. I am certainly not inclined to labor the point. It is
not that important. However, inasmuch as the newspaper had been
charged with false reporting on a certain occasion — and this is the first
opportunity where the editor of a newspaper answers that charge —
it seemed to me that it might well go into the record. However, as I
say, I am not inclined to labor the point. If there is serious objection,
I will withdraw my request.
Mr. Velde. The gentleman from California withdraws his request
for the admission of this article into the record. We will now proceed
in a regular order.
Mr. Kunzig. Mr. Chairman, I should like at this time to read official
testimony before this committee taken July 8, 1953, pages 133 and 134,
where Manning Johnson, whom we formerly mentioned, was a member
of the national committee of the Communist Party at the time of his
membership from about 1930 up to 1940, who testified as follows
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, does this involve me? I want to
be alert if it does.
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3733
Mr. Kunzig. It involves Dr. Ward, sir.
Mr. Velde. Let counsel ask his question, please.
Mr. Kunzig. It involves Dr. Ward.
Mr. Moulder. Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Velde. Just a minute.
Mr. Moulder. May I ask if the bishop was present-
Mr. Velde. Just a minute. Will you wait until the counsel states
his question?
Mr. Frazier. I object to its being read if the bishop was not present
and does not know anything about it.
Mr. Kunzig. Mr. Chairman, this refers to testimony — this is in
the usual course of procedure before this committee. Here is sworn
testimony as to the fact that this man, Dr. Ward, was a Communist.
Dr. Ward, the testimony will show here, was an active member of the
Methodist Federation for Social Service of which this witness was
an active member, and this is most pertinent, sir.
Mr. Velde. Was an active member?
Bishop Oxnam. Was my name mentioned in this testimony, may I
ask?
Mr. Clardy. Mr. Chairman, regular order. May I suggest to the
other member, I am not sure, and I want to find out from counsel
whether this is a portion of the Manning Johnson testimony taken
when I presided or when Mr. Scherer presided? Was it the New
York
Mr. Kunzig. New York City, sir.
Mr. Clardy. Mr. Scherer presided on that. I have read it, but I
did not remember which session
Bishop Oxnam. May I ask again, was my name mentioned ?
Mr. Velde. Counsel will proceed to ask the questions.
Bishop Oxnam. It is read before you answer the question, you see.
Was my name mentioned in it ?
Mr. Velde. I do not know whether it was or not, but it does not
matter for this particular occasion. Will the counsel proceed to read
the evidence and ask a question.
Mr. Kunzig. Manning Johnson testifies :
Fight magazine was the official organ of the American League Against War
and Fascism. In the April 1934 issue, on page 34, it reads as follows : "This
means that those who would use what resources are available in the churches to
fight the development of fascism must be prepared to show the people in the
churches that there is no way out under the profit system and that the only way
they can get the better life that is within their reach is to take ownership and
control out of the hands of the few, put it into the hands of the many, and develop
a planned economy for the purpose of realizing the classless society. Then the
emotions and ideals that will otherwise be misled by the Fascists will be directed
to the defeat of the real enemy of the people, the capitalist system, and will
be given a constructive outlet in the building of a new order. To work at this
task the American League Against War and Fascism needs to get members in all
religious organizations."
Question. Mr. Johnson, who was the chairman of this American League
Against War and Fascism?
Answer. The Reverend Harry F. Ward.
Question. Did you know him personally?
Answer. Yes, I did.
Question. When you were a member of the Communist Party did you know
him as a member of the Communist Party?
Answer. Yes, he was a member of the Communist Party while I was a member.
Question. Did you meet with him as such?
Answer. Yes, I did.
3734 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
Question. Would you characterize him as a prominent member of the Com-
munist Party? n . _
Answer. I would say that he is the Red dean of the Communist Party
in the religious field.
Is it not a fact, sir, that Reverend Ward was an official of the Meth-
odist Federation for Social Service and later Social Action for some
period of time ?
Bishop Oxnam. That is correct.
Mr. Kunzig. Do you happen to know what period of time, if it lies
within your knowledge ?
Bishop Oxnam. I should judge that he was a member from the be-
ginning, which I should think was in 1907. I do not know the exact
time when he retired from the organization.
Mr. Kunzig. I believe it was 1940 ; does that sound correct ?
Bishop Oxnam. I would not be a bit surprised.
Mr. Kunzig. Now, I have here a document which is a letterhead of
the Methodist Federation for Social Service, and I wanted to ask you
again, to get the record clear since there was some confusion — this
is one of the points that you had raised — what position or positions
did you have in the Methodist Federation for Social Service? (See
Oxnam exhibit No. 31, p. 3756.)
Bishop Oxnam. I was a member of it for a number of years. When
I was appointed to New York City as the bishop there, I was elected
a vice president of the organization
Mr. Kunzig. When was that ; do you know the year ?
Bishop Oxnam. I cannot give you the year, I am sorry. I went to
New York City in 1944, and may I say that I resigned on June 9,
1947, as vice president and as a member of the executive committee.
Mr. Kunzig. Now, did you have any other position? Were you
ever executive secretary of the organization ?
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Kunzig, if you will look at that photostat, you
will fincl that I was not the executive secretary of the organization.
You will find Professor Ward's name over on the other side. You will
note that that is the 20th anniversary, and they appointed a special
committee composed of Dr. Ernest F. Tittle, who was pastor of the
First Methodist Church in Evanston for so many years, and myself.
He was to be chairman and I was to be secretary. They put on that
letterhead that I was the executive secretary of the 20th anniversary
celebration. I was never the executive secretary of the organization.
That was a celebration of the 20th anniversary, and I think up to that
time no one will question the service that the Methodist Federation
had really rendered to the church.
Mr. Velde. At what time were you vice president of the organ-
ization ?
Bishop Oxnam. That was sometime between 1944, 1 think, and when
I resigned June 9, 1947.
Mr. Velde. You do not remember any more definitely ?
Bishop Oxnam. No; I could find out, possibly, but that was largely
a nominal matter where the bishop, being from New York — Bishop
McConnell, I think — was the president. He had been in New York
many, many years, and when I came there I was elected a vice presi-
dent. I was not present at the meeting, and the name continued until
there was good reason for me to resign from the federation, which
I did.
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3735
Mr. Kunzig. I have a document marked "Oxnam Exhibit No. 32"
which is a letterhead of the Methodist Federation for Social Service.
The letter is written April 12, 1946, and that lists you as the vice presi-
dent. Would that be the correct time? (See Oxnam exhibit No. 32,
p. 3757.)
Bishop Oxnam. Well, I stated I resigned on June 9, 1947, and that
may be the time. I told you I could not remember — I can find out.
Mr. Kunzig. Now, the executive secretary at that time on the same
letterhead with you is Jack Richard McMichael. Do you know Jack
McMichael ?
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, I did.
Mr. Kunzig. The Reverend McMichael?
Bishop Oxnam. That is quite right.
Mr. Kunzig. Do you know him to be a member of the Communist
Party?
Bishop Oxnam. I did not know that he was a member of the Com-
munist Party, but I found myself in such fundamental opposition to
Jack McMichael that I had to face one of two decisions, either to stay
in and get him out or to get out myself, and it seemed to me wiser to
resign and sever all relations because I was a little fearful it would
take a bit longer to get him out than I had time to give.
Mr. Kunzig. Mr. Chairman, I should like to read testimony taken
again from Manning Johnson in New York City, July 8, 1953 :
Question by Me. Scherek. Mr. Johnson, do you know any other person who was
an officer of the Methodist Federation at any time who was a member of the
Communist Party?
Mr. Johnson. Yes, sir, the Reverend Jack McMichael was a member of the
Methodist Federation.
Mr. Scherer. Did you say Rev. McMichael?
Mr. Johnson. I understand that he attended and graduated from divinity
school ; yes, a reverend.
Mr. Scherer. What was his connection with the Methodist Federation?
Mr. Johnson. He was executive secretary of the Methodist Federation for
Social Action, I believe up until 1953.
Mr. Kunzig. I note you say the Methodist Federation for Social Action, whereas
a moment ago you were referring to it as the Methodist Federation for Social
Service. Could you clarify that point and explain just what those two organiza-
tions were?
Mr. Johnson. They were one and the same organization. It was just a
change of names. It was first called the Methodist Federation for Social Service
and later it changed its name to the Methodist Federation for Social Action.
Mr. Scherer. How did you know that Reverend McMichael was a Communist?
Mr. Johnson. Well, during the period that I was a member of the Communist
Party, during the thirties, Jack McMichael was a member of the national commit-
tee of the Young Communist League, and he was also a member of the Com-
munist Party, and from time to time he met with the now fugitive Communist
Gilbert Green who was the head of the Young Communist League at that time, and
he attended occasionally meetings of the national committee of the Communist
Party with Gilbert Green.
Mr. Scherer. Was Reverend McMichael still a member of the Communist Party
when you left the party?
Mr. Johnson. Yes, he was.
Mr. Scherer. Was this not the same organization with which Bishop Oxnam
was identified?
Mr. Johnson. Yes, for many years.
Now, I have testimony, sir, from Leonard Patterson, L-e-o-n-a-r-d
P-a-t-t-e-r-s-o-n, also executive testimony before the committee on
July 7, in New York City of this year.
Mr. Kunzig. When you were in the Young Communist League did you ever
know one Jack McMichael?
3736 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
Mr. Patterson. Yes.
Mr. Kunzig. What position did he hold in the Young Communist League?
Mr. Patterson. He was a member of the New York District of the Young
Communist League and was a member of the top fraction of the Young Com-
munist League and the Communist Party in the American League Against War
and Fascism. Also he was a member of the top fraction of the American Youth
Congress that was organized around 1934.
Mr. Kunzig. You knew him then as one of the leading members of the Young
Communist League?
Mr. Patterson. Yes.
Then he identifies a picture of McMichael as the McMichael whom
he recognized and whom he knew at the time was a member of the
Communist Party.
Both those witnesses, sir, in sworn testimony before this committee
identified Jack McMichael as a Communist.
Mr. Clardy. May I interrupt, Mr. Chairman?
Mr. Velde. Mr. Clardy.
Mr. Clardy. Counsel, do you have before you there the testimony
taken when I was presiding here last week of Benjamin Gitlow, deal-
ing with the same subject?
Counsel, I am addressing the question to you.
Mr. Kunzig. Pardon me, sir.
Mr. Clardy. Do you have the Gitlow testimony taken last week
on the same subject? 04,
Mr. Kunzig. No.
Mr. Clardy. Without laboring the point, Benjamin Gitlow testified
last week : > f
McMichael became the cell head, but Dr. Ward continued to be prominent.
The Methodist Federation for Social Action was already in the grip of this
Communist Party cell and was therefore an instrument through which the Com-
munist Party operated on the religious field.
There are more things. It was that also that I had in mind, Bishop,
that I had in mind when I referred earlier — and I want it known
that I will be glad to welcome an opportunity to go over that part
with you.
Bishop Oxnam. Thank you, sir.
Mr. Chairman, since this has been read, may I say that I did every-
thing that I could to get Mr. McMichael out of the organization.
Certain information reached me to this effect. I talked to Mr.
McMichael. He said that it was absolutely false and wanted the
source of the information. I was unable to give him that source
because it was confidential. We had
Mr. Velde. Bishop, may I interrupt? Why did you attempt to
get him out of the organization ?
Bishop Oxnam. Because frankly I believed that Jack McMichael
was so tied up with the Communist group that whether or not he
were a Communist, I couldn't prove w-hether he was a member of the
Communist Party or not, but I was sure that that organization ought
not to be under that leadership any more, and I did everything I
could. Others talked to Mr. McMichael. He denied this completely.
Now, that raises quite an issue, sir.
Mr. Walter. Will you yield at that point?
Bishop Oxnam. Yes.
Mr. Walter. What caused you to reach the conclusion that
McMichael was a Communist?
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3737
Bishop Oxnam. Sir, I hope you will not press that question. I
-will be glad to state it to this committee if I could meet it in executive
session. The source of that information was strictly confidential,
and I think I would be betraying a trust if I said it in public. I
would be glad to convey it to the chairman of this committee. I am
not hedging here at all, but I think I have an obligation because the
source was of such a nature — I think the chairman would be the first
to recognize this. I will not refer to the source other than that.
Mr. Walter. You couldn't make it much plainer.
Mr. Velde. I don't think the witness should be required to answer
except in executive session. We appreciate that.
Bishop Oxnam. I will be very happy, sir, to give you the source
of that.
Mr. Scherer. Bishop, at the time you got this information that
Reverend McMichael was a member of the Communist Party, you
reported it to the FBI, did you ?
Bishop Oxnam. It was not necessary to report it there. Don't mis-
understand me, sir. I am trying to keep a confidence here which I
will be glad
Mr. Walter. You have said it very well, I assure you.
Bishop Oxnam. It is very difficult not to answer your question.
I may say, Mr. Chairman, and this is very important because I feel
I am on something of a >ot in this connection: In the Methodist
Church when anv i dividual has information that justifies prosecu-
tion and the 1 elimination of an individual from the church, he may
report tha:, to what we call an investigating committee, if there is
ground for charges — the charges are formulated, and he is tried.
Now, there are members of this committee who are members of the
Methodist Church and have that information. It would have been
possible with that information, which we do not have, to have filed
charges to have prosecuted Jack McMichael. He would have been
removed from the Methodist ministry if there could have been evi-
dence of the fact of belonging to the Communist Party. By that I
mean a man must be disloyal to his ordination vows to be a Communist,
which involves being an atheist.
Mr. Scherer. He is still a Methodist minister today, is he not?
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, sir, and if somebody will give us the evidence
that he belongs to the Communist Party, charges will be filed against
him — this is the first time we have ever heard anything, and please
remember, this is simply testimony. We have not heard the answers
yet. I take it for granted this is true from what I have heard, but it is
not the way we do things in a Methodist court. It would have to
be proved.
Mr. Velde. Bishop, the committee, of course, cannot vouch for the
veracity of any of the witnesses that come before it. This is
merely
Bishop Oxnam. I am sure that is true, but the assumption is that
what is said is true, you see, and in one of our courts you would have
to have not only the statement, but you would have to have the truth.
Mr. Jackson. This is testimony taken under oath.
Bishop Oxnam. Of course.
Mr. Velde. May we have a recess for 10 minutes ?
(Whereupon, at 9:52 o'clock p. m., the hearing recessed to 10:10
o'clock, p. m.)
43620—54 11
3738 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
Mr. Velde. The committee will be in order.
Proceed, Mr. Counsel.
Mr. Kunzig. Mr. Chairman, I should now like to ask the witness :
Bishop, you say, as I recall your testimony a short time ago, that you
broke with Ward or were not in sympathy with Reverend Ward's
ideas, I believe it was 1928 as you gave the date, roughly ?
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, he had brought in resolutions for the general
conference with which I disagreed, and I was chairman of the sub-
committee. We brought in another report, and ours was adopted.
Mr. Kunzig. For how long a period of time were you active in the
Methodist Federation for Social Service and later the Methodist Fed-
eration for Social Action?
Bishop Oxnam. I cannot answer that. I was a member for many
years.
Mr. Kunzig. Roughly.
Bishop Oxnam. Well, I suppose from the time I graduated at the
school of theology until the time I resigned membership here. I
contributed to it. You see, in the Methodist Church we regarded the
Federation for Social Action as — what shall I say — a body that was
raising questions constantly, out in front of the church. The church
went as fast as it wished to go, but we thought this group out there
raising social questions was rendering service, and an official com-
mission commended it in 1932. After that I think the situation
changed, and as you know, the general conference of our church
in 1952 requested the federation to move out of the Methodist Building
in New York City, to change its name, and it was always an unofficial
organization of the church.
Mr. Kunzig. Now, for many of those years that you were active
in the Methodist Federation, Reverend Ward was also active. He
was an official, was that not correct?
Bishop Oxnam. That is correct ; yes, sir.
Mr. Kunzig. Did it not — how shall I phrase it — perturb you to
be serving as an active official yourself in this organization with
Reverend Ward who was one of the top officials of it when you had
these ideas that you had about Ward and when you had — and I think
it might be pretty fair to say — suspicions that he was either a Com-
munist or seriously bent along those lines ?
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, of course, and we, staying inside, tried to
change that organization. That is the way probably we should have
done. When I left it in 1947 — frankly a bishop has considerable
work to do — there were others, I thought, who could take care of that,
or should. In any case, I left it. Perhaps I should have stayed in
until Jack McMichael was fired, I do not know. I do believe that
the federation rendered the church and the church at large a very
valuable service up to 1932. My counsel here happened to be chair-
man of the committee of the general conference that called for the
federation to move out of our building and so on.
Mr. Kunzig. But you said it rendered service until 1932, roughly
1932?
Bishop Oxnam. Yes.
Mr. Kunzig. From 1932 to 1947, as I recall, you said June 1947,
I believe, roughly, when you left?
Bishop Oxnam. That is right.
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3739
Mr. Kunzig. During that period of time McMichael was active,
Ward was active, both in leading positions, and you had these view-
points about them and what you thought they believed. Why did
you not try at that time to get them out, all during those years £
Bishop Oxnam. Well, you see, you don't quite understand what this
organization really was. It was a very loose arrangement. I think
perhaps 5,000 members who contributed to the bulletin — the rela-
tionship generally of individuals to it was to receive the bulletin that
came out once a month. Once a year there would be an annual meet-
ing in which they discussed every kind of question, debated them, came
to their conclusions, and the like. I am frank to say that with what
we now know, I think organizations should be much more carefully
supervised than they were at that time. I don't suppose that I at-
tended during that period a dozen meetings of the Methodist Federa-
tion for Social Action, and during the time I was vice president I do
not suppose I was in more than 2 or 3 meetings, and that is, I suppose,
something that somebody should be criticized for. I think one should
belong to fewer organizations, know them intimately and exercise
a controlling factor in them if you can.
Mr. Jackson. Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Velde. Mr. Jackson.
Mr. Jackson. Is it true — and this is a question, since I am not
positive about this — but is it true that the Philadelphia Annual Con-
ference of the Methodist Church in 1920 or 1919 protested against
the pro-Bolshevism of Dr. Ward? Do you have knowledge of that?
Bishop Oxnam. I do not know. I do not know. I know that in
1924 at the general conference there was considerable protest concern-
ing Professor Ward, growing out of some situation, Mr. Clardy, in
Michigan. I do not recall quite what it was. We felt that it was an
unfair attack upon Professor Ward, and he was defended in the gen-
eral conference. I say up to 1932 the federation had rendered very
valuable service.
Mr. Walter. May I interrupt you at that point ?
Bishop Oxnam. Yes.
Mr. Walter. I notice you have called him Professor Ward, and
members of the committee have called him Dr. Ward. Where does
he get the "Professor Ward" ?
Bishop Oxnam. 'He was a professor in the Boston University
School of Theology. He was subsequently a professor in the Union
Theological Seminary, and served there unitl his retirement, and I
believe is still on retiring allowance from the Union Theological
Seminary in New York City.
Mr. Walter. During those periods when he was an instructor, he
was a member of the Communist Party ?
Bishop Oxnam. I do not know, sir. I have heard this testimony
here, and it confirms the suspicions that some of us got, and I re-
corded my own back there in 1936.
Mr. Walter. During what period of time did you have the sus-
picion that he was a Communist while he was acting as a theological
professor in Boston University and at Union ?
Bishop Oxnam. I did not believe he was a Communist. I did not
believe he was a Communist when he was at the Boston University
School of Theology. I do not know he is a Communist now. This
3740 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
testimony is quite overwhelming, but when Dr. Ward went to Russia
and came back and wrote a book called In Place of Profit, I began
to have serious intellectual doubts because in that, if I recall correctly,
he justified a lottery on the grounds that it was contributing to a
certain valuable social end. Well, when a man's ethics begin to be
as confused as that, something has happened somewhere, and that is
the best answer I can give, sir.
Mr. Clardy. Mr. Chairman, may I ask a question ?
Mr. Velde. Mr. Clardy.
Mr. Clardy. In that connection, your mentioning of the trip of the
Reverend Harry Ward to Russia, I am minded to call your attention
to another bit of testimony that really startled me, that runs to this
effect, and I ask you to look for it particularly. It says that when
Dr. Ward was in Russia, he conferred with Joe Stalin and that the
question in the witness' mind was as to whether Joe Stalin taught
Dr. Ward what to do in invading the field of religion or whether it
was the other way around, and he ended up by believing that they
probably both learned something from each other.
Now, that was in an early day.
Mr. Velde. Mr. Clardy, there are several great Americans who
have conferred with Joe Stalin.
Mr. Clardy. But not on this subject.
Mr. Velde. That is bringing in a matter of guess, conjecture.
Mr. Clardy. No the witness was in Russia at the time and talked
with people who were present and may have been present himself,
for all I know, at some of the conferences.
Mr. Velde. I am sorry.
Mr. Clardy. This was not speculation, and it was Mr. Kornfeder
who gave the testimony. It is a most startling thing, and I am
still appalled at the manner and the devilishness with which they
were able to put into practice in this association the things that they
did.
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, did I misunderstand Mr. Clardy. I
think he did not say did he — or did he — that I was in Russia at the
same time Professor Ward was there ?
Mr. Clardy. Oh, no, no, I did not even mention you.
Bishop Oxnam. I thought he said that, and I wanted to correct that
completely.
Mr. Clardy. I am still talking about the Reverend Harry Ward.
I mentioned him by name. I know you have been to Russia a number
of times, but as far as I know you were not there in company with Dr.
Ward.
Bishop Oxnam. No ; I was not.
Mr. Clakdy. He was in company with a number of people, including
Mr. Kornfeder.
Bishop Oxnam. I wish, Mr. Chairman
Mr. Doyle. Mr. Chairman, I suggest we go ahead.
Mr. Velde. You were referring, when you mentioned the witness,
to the witness Mr. Kornfeder, is that correct ?
Mr. Clardy. Oh, but definitely.
Bishop Oxnam. Oh, I thought he meant me. I beg your pardon.
Mr. Velde. I was a little bit confused.
Mr. Clardy. You did not look very shocked, so I did not think you
misunderstood me.
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3741
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, I know we must get on, but when
I returned from Russia in 1934 I put down 10 impressions of the situ-
ation as I found it. I do not know whether the committee would
appreciate for the record those critical impressions of one who went
there trying to study or not, but they do explain my personal attitude.
I would not wish to read them, but I think they are significant enough
in the light of all that has been said here, perhaps, to be in the record.
Mr. Velde. I am sure that the committee would appreciate your
giving us that information, and we will consider it for insertion into
the record. ( See Oxnam exhibit No. 32-A, p. 3757.)
Bishop Oxnam. Thank you, sir.
Mr. Doyle. May I ask, Mr. Chairman, at that point? What year
were those 10 impressions written by you ?
Bishop Oxnam. August 25, 1934.
Mr. Kunzig. Mr. Chairman, may I continue ?
Mr. Velde. Proceed.
Mr. Kunzig. I am confused at one point here, Bishop, because you
said that you left the Methodist Federation in June of 1947. I have
here a ballot in front of me which is a Methodist Federation for Social
Action ballot, nominations for executive committee. (See Oxnam
exhibit No. 33, pp. 3758-3763.) Then it says that these officers were
elected by the national membership meeting in Kansas City, Decem-
ber 27 to 29, in 1947. Your confirmation is requested, and then it lists
various people, and among them it lists under members at large of
the executive committee, No. 30, Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam, bishop,
New York area. I hand this to you marked
Bishop Oxnam. It is unnecessary to hand it to me, sir. I have the
letter that I wrote resigning as a vice president and member of the
executive committee at that time, and I will be glad to file it. There
must be some error there.
Mr. Velde. If you care to read it, we will be glad to hear it, the
letter of resignation.
Mr. Walter. What is the organization ?
Mr. Kunzig. The Methodist Federation.
Bishop Oxnam. It is very difficult, Mr. Chairman, to shift from
one matter to another and have to pull files this way when I have no
help, but I will do the best I can.
This is June 9, 1947. It is a long letter, but I will read the first of
it, which I think is all you will wish, and I will file the whole letter
if you wish.
Bishop Lewis O. Habtman,
581 Boyleston Street, Boston 16, Mass.
My Dear Bishop Hartman : I regret exceedingly that I must resign as a
vice president of the Methodist Federation for Social Action.
I go on stating why, because of the attacks upon John Foster Dulles,
upon Martin Neimoeller and upon Kogawa. These gentlemen were
my personal friends, and I simply could not have my name upon an
organization that in addition to the other reasons that I have men-
tioned to you
Mr. Walter. How long were you a vice president ?
Mr. Velde. Just a minute. May we introduce that into the record
first, if you will.
All right, proceed.
Bishop Oxnam. I beg your pardon.
3742 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
Mr. Walter. How long were you an officer ?
Bishop Oxnam. I cannot answer, sir, but I could find out. I know
the terminal date, and I know that the first date could not have been
before 1944, and I would judge from what Mr. Kunzig has said that
it was probably 1946, but I am not sure of that. I can find out, of
course.
Mr. Velde. What is the next exhibit number ?
Mr. Kunzig. Thirty-five.
Mr. Velde. Will the clerk mark the letter Oxnam Exhibit No. 35,
and without objection it will be introduced into the record at this
point.
(The letter referred to was received in evidence as Oxnam Exhibit
No. 35. Seep. 3765.)
Mr. Kunzig. Now, sir, in addition to your name on this ballot of
December 27-29, 1947, there appears the name of a Miss Winifred
Chappell, C-h-a-p-p-e-1-1, Miss Winifred Chappell.
Bishop Oxnam. What year was this, please?
Mr. Kunzig. This is 1947.
Bishop Oxnam. I think she was dead at that time.
Mr. Kunzig. Well, her name appears here, dead or alive.
Bishop Oxnam. Well, I don't think she was alive at that time. I
may be wrong.
Mr. Velde. May we have order, please.
Mr. Kunzig. I have here also another exhibit marked "Oxnam Ex-
hibit 34" which is a letterhead of the Methodist Federation for Social
Service, October 24, 1928. It is the letterhead where you are listed
as executive secretary of the 20 years celebration, and it lists as secre-
tary of the group Harry F. Ward and Winifred Chappell, again. (See
Oxnam exhibit No. 34, p. 3764.) Did you know
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, her name was Chappell.
Mr. Kunzig. Do you know Winifred Chappell ?
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, I had met her.
Mr. Kunzig. How many years did you know her ?
Bishop Oxnam. I do not know. I simply met her. She was one
of the — what is her name? Was she an associate secretary there? I
do not know how long she served.
Mr. Kunzig. She is listed as a secretary.
Bishop Oxnam. She had been in youth work in the church and
went into that for Professor Ward, I think. I did not know her
well enough to do other than — I mean, well enough to give any other
impression than I know her, that is all.
Mr. Scherer. Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Velde. Mr. Scherer.
Mr. Scherer. Did you know that Winifred Chappell was a member
of the Communist Party ?
Bishop Oxnam. No ; I did not know it, and if I had, I would have
done everything to get her out.
Mr. Scherer. Well, I can tell you that in the testimony taken in
New York she was identified positively as a member of the Communist
Party during the time that she was associated with the Methodist
Federation.
Bishop Oxnam. Then may I ask some of these gentlemen who have
this kind of information to make it available for a Methodist court.
We will take the proper steps.
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3743
Mr. Scherer. It will be available, I assure you.
Bishop Oxnam. It means that the persons who make these allega-
tions would have to come, testify probably subject to cross-examina-
tion, and confront the witnesses. We proceed that way in our courts.
Mr. Walter. What type of youth work was Winifred Chappell
doing?
Bishop Oxnam. I think she was in the organization that was known
as the Epworth League at that time, but I may be wrong.
Mr. Walter. Epworth League ?
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, sir.
Mr. Jackson. Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Velde. Mr. Jackson.
Mr. Jackson. May I ask, what was your capacity at the time Wini-
fred Chappell was active in the Epworth League ?
Bishop Oxnam. I was the pastor, I believe, of the Church of All
Nations, in Los Angeles.
Mr. Jackson. In Los Angeles ?
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, sir.
Mr. Scherer. Were you a member of the Methodist Federation at
that time, Bishop ?
Bishop Oxnam. I testified that I was a member from the time I
was in college, I think, on up to the time I resigned.
Mr. Jackson. Are you familiar, sir, with a statement in the Epworth
Herald, I believe, which was written by Winifred Chappell ? I will
read it to you
(See Oxnam exhibit No. 36, p. 3766.)
Bishop Oxnam. You don't need to read it. I have read it, and I
deplore it, and I do not know why these matters are constantly brought
up in connection with me. I suppose you are saying I was a member
of the federation. Others here are members of the Methodist Church,
and they were all related by association.
Mr. Jackson. Bishop, here was an example, and I am going to ask
permission of the committee to read it.
Mr. Walter. I would like to hear it myself. You and the bishop
apparently know what it is, but the rest of us do not.
Mr. Velde. I am sure I do not.
Bishop Oxnam. She was advising somebody to avoid the draft; a
deplorable thing to me.
Mr. Jackson. This is a statement credited to Winifred Chappell.
It says :
Young church fellows of draft age must decide something when war breaks
out. In general, these youths have 4 choices instead of 2, as most of them think.
First, they can conform, yield to the draft, play the game of the warmakers,
be cannon fodder, get shot or gassed or blinded or del egged or dearmed, but if
possible beat the enemy to shoot, gas, blind, dearm the fellows on the other side
first.
In the second place, they can be conscientious objectors and go to prison. A
few score did that during the World War. A few hundred or thousand will do
it next time. That takes even more courage than to go over the top. It takes
just as much physical courage. The CO's in some prisons during the World War
were subjected to extremely cruel treatment. But now a third choice, hardly
so much as even heard of during the World War, appears in this possibility —
stay out of jail. Why thus separate yourself from the masses? Why thus let
yourself be put out of the game? Accept the draft, take the drill, go into the
camps and on to the battlefield or into the munitions factories and transporta-
tion field. But sabotage war preparations and war; be agitators or sabotage;
3744 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
put down tools when the order is to make and load munitions ; spoil war mate-
rials and machinery.
The fourth choice is merely a further development of the third. It calls for
sabotage but with a deliberate, conscious, informed intent to get rid of the pres-
ent economic system, of which war is a part, and to build a new world, the
existence for which peace is a necessity. If you will make this choice, make
it now and begin to meet before war breaks with others of like purpose and of
iron will to carry out the purpose. This means knowing what selfish capitalism
is like, not just in general, but in particular ; not flinching even from knowing
by name and specific deed the big profiteers who have betrayed the people, how
they have profited from the starvation of children ; how they have called upon
police and militia, clubbed and gas-bombed and machineguuned to put down
the workers when they have cried for bread.
That article, as I understand it, was in the Epworth Herald; is
that correct, sir ?
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, if Mr. Jackson will state what he
thinks of that, he and I will be in complete agreement, and I wish
he would state it.
Mr. Jackson. This is from the Epworth Herald, is that correct?
Bishop Oxnam. Yes ; that is correct.
Mr. Jackson. That was a publication of the church for the Epworth
League ?
Bishop Oxnam. That is right.
Mr. Jackson. What action was taken either within the Methodist
Federation or within the Methodist Church in the form of disciplinary
action relative to this statement?
Bishop Oxnam. I think none. We do not discipline people for
statements, much as I deplore that. It should never have been there.
She was not an editor
Mr. Walter. Did she continue her work among the youth after
she wrote that article ?
Mr. Scherer. She continued in the Methodist Federation.
Mr. Velde. Just a minute. The question was asked of the witness.
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, I cannot answer questions that in-
volve individuals in an organization now of nearly 10 millions. We
have some 25,000 ministers. Frankly, I said that I did not know
Miss Chappell well. I do know that she was in the federation for a
considerable period of time.
Mr. Scherer. Now, Mr. Chairman, may I answer Mr. Walter's
question ?
Mr. Velde. Yes ; Mr. Scherer.
Mr. Scherer. The testimony taken by the committee in New York
indicated that after she wrote that article she continued as an officer
of the Methodist federation.
Bishop Oxnam. That is exactly what I said, I think.
Mr. Moulder. Mr. Chairman.
Mr Velde. Mr. Moulder.
Mr. Moulder. Were you in a position to exercise any control or
authority over
Bishop Oxnam. None whatsoever.
Mr. Moulder. Over Miss Chappell ?
Bishop Oxnam. You see, a Methodist bishop is not a disciplinary
officer. Our ministers are responsible to what we call the annual
conference.
Mr. Walter. Yes, but when your attention was called to such a
shocking thing, as I think this was, why did you not see to it that
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3745
the proper official took tlie disciplinary action that should have been
taken against that kind of a person ?
Bishop Oxnam. Well, Mr. Walter, I do not know when that ap-
peared, but you see, I have not been a bishop through all of the years,
and a minister in Los Angeles, Calif., does not exercise, I think, the
authority that perhaps you think I possess.
Mr. Walter. Well, if the woman had made that kind of a state-
ment in my community — and I am not an official in a church — I would
have seen to it that somebody took the kind of action that would have
taken her out of a job where she had anything to do with the training
of youth.
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, I think you are quite right, sir.
Mr. Clardy. Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Velde. Mr. Clardy.
Mr. Clardy. May I ask you some questions that tie in with one
portion of that statement that was from the pen of Miss Chappell?
She condemned what she called the capitalist system. You have
here tonight repeatedly said that you thought the federation per-
formed a noble service — you may not have used the word "noble",
but I got that impression — up until 1932. Were you not aware of the
fact that during the period not only up to 1932 but after that date
that the words put out by the MFSA carried that same theme song
attacking our economic system and by subtle means praising the col-
lectivist system ? I am not going to bring you the myriad examples
that I have. I have examined the record carefully, and I am
thoroughly and utterly convinced that they were carrying out, as
Mr. Kornfeder and others said, the Communist Party line, but did
you not, yourself, know that savage attack, sometimes subtly and
sometimes brutally, upon our economic system?
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, if I may be permitted to answer
that, so I will be understood, I would be privileged to answer it. It
will take more than just a "yes" or "no." You noted the question.
Mr. Velde. Certainly. I am sorry, I did not hear the question. I
was talking of something else.
Bishop Oxnam. May I say first regarding my own belief and then
relate it to your question ?
Mr. Clardy. I was not speaking of your beliefs. I was asking if
you had not noted
Bishop Oxnam. You see, Mr. Chairman, I believe the American way
has been, let us say, a dynamic way. We have never been pledged to
what you may call dogmatism. We speak of our economic system.
Now, just what is that system ? This will take just a moment.
In the American system, for instance, we have a public-highway
system. I think it is the best in the world. It is collectively owned.
I do not want somebody calling it Socialist. I believe it is American,
and it is good.
Mr. Walter. The highway system is collectively owned ?
Bishop Oxnam. The public-highway system is owned by the people;
yes, sir. We have a public-school system which is owned by the people.
I do not want it called socialism. I believe it is American, and it is
good. I will not call the roll, but when I see the lighthouses when I
fly in here, and I know of that service, I am proud of those men. It
is true it is a governmental service, but I think it is American, and it is
good. Run it all the way down until you come to the national parks.
3746 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
Now, personally I believe it is better to have the national parks
handled as they are handled than to have them privately owned and
privately run.
Mr. Walter. Mr. Chairman, what has this to do with the question ?
Bishop Oxnam. He has asked me a question, sir, that involves an
economic system, and if you will let me answer it, I am coming to it
very quickly.
Mr. Clardy. May I interrupt you ? What I said was merely inquir-
ing, sir, very simply, if you did not detect traces of the type of attack
that Miss Chappell was making upon our system, spread throughout
the publications of the federation, throughout the time that you were
with it?
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, may I conclude in a sentence? I
was going to refer to those aspects of our system which involved certain
answers. I was going to refer to the public corporations, and I was
going to refer to organizations like the Interstate Commerce Com-
mission and the like. Personally I believe that in the overwhelming
percentage of America enterprise, private enterprise in the long run
will result in greater creativity, greater productivity, and make a
greater contribution to freedom than any system man has known.
Now, that is my position.
Now, to answer your question, sir : Professor Ward believed that the
capitalist system was evil. He believed that there was a sinful prin-
ciple at its heart. During the period up to 1932 that was not stressed
over much. It did come to the fore from then on, and you recall that
they even changed the masthead, the statement as to the objective of
the federation, until it was changed frankly in objective, so that you
could call it a Socialist objective. I disagreed with that fundamen-
tally. That was a part of this disagreement that I am talking about.
Now, there was one answer there, either get out or try to change it.
I did the best I could. I did not change it, and I am sorry. I left
the organization when I stated, but I want my own position clearly
understood here regarding what I believe to be the free way in the
economic order.
Mr. Clardy. I understood that.
Mr. Velde. Did you ever cast a vote for Jack McMichael as execu-
tive secretary of the MFSA ?
Bishop Oxnam. I do not believe I ever did. I told you that I
doubted I had attended more than 2 or 3 meetings from the time that
I was in New York City. I do not believe I ever voted for him. I do
not think I could have voted for Jack McMichael for the executive
office. I felt it was a mistake to have him there.
Mr. Clardy. Mr. Chairman, I did not finish.
Mr. Velde. Proceed, Mr. Clardy.
Mr. Clardy. The reason I asked you the question as to whether you
had not detected that undertone, and sometimes it was even more than
that, criticism, against the American system was because of something
that you published in 1933, and I shall not labor this long. It is
entitled "Preaching in the Social Crises."
You will recall that the first item, the first article that you selected,
was one entitled, "Preaching and Socialism," by Kirby Page. I pre-
sume — and I am quite sure — that you are not aware that he has been
tied in with the Communist operations by this committee. Believe
me, he has.
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3747
Bishop Oxnam. Frankly I do not believe in the case of Kirby
Page — and I would like to hear his testimony
Mr. Clardy. You will discover how he is named when the testimony
I mentioned earlier is released, but here is the point I am trying to
make : In 1933 when this book was published, in the first paragraph
of the first article in the book by Kirby Page I find this significant
sentence :
It is supremely tragic that at this late day evidence must still be produced
that socialism is much closer akin to the Christian gospel than capitalism.
Now, I shall not labor it further, but on down :
The ship of capitalism is sinking and will carry down with it all institutions
that fasten themselves like barnacles to its hull.
And the point is that the church is to be destroyed, as you know, with-
out my telling you, by not cutting free from the American system of
capitalism.
Now, that suggestion to me that is of that time you probably did
not understand that the federation publication was preaching this
same doctrine. Am I correct in that ?
Bishop Oxnam. No, sir; you are not correct. Those were lectures
delivered at the Boston University Conference on Preaching. You
remember in 1933 that we had just gone through an upheaval in this
country that was very, very serious. We brought to that conference
the best speakers we could who would deal with the question of re-
ligion and the social crisis. You will find men in that volume taking
exactly the opposite point of view.
Mr. Clardy. Bishop, may I interrupt you ? I have read this in its
entirety many times. There are 5 articles out of the 12 — one of which
is by you — which deal with the question of economics, and every one
of them takes the Socialist stand. That is the reason why I brought
it up. The two succeeding articles, if you please, are by Jerome
Davis and Harry F. Ward, both of whom have been identified as
Communists.
Mr. Velde. The Chair would like to make a statement. I think that
we are getting to irrelevant material, and as we should finish
Mr. Clardy. I beg your pardon, Mr. Chairman. I was merely
asking the one question, and I am done with it, and that has been
answered sufficiently.
Bishop Oxnam. I wish, sir, you had read my introduction to that
book.
Mr. Clardy. I have, and do not misunderstand me : I am not accus-
ing you of being a Communist or anything akin to it. Far from it ;
but I do think that you were muddled in your thinking and unclear in
your understanding.
Now, that is all I am going to say.
Mr. Velde. May we proceed in regular order.
Mr. Ktjnzig. Mr. Chairman, I want to state officially for the record,
in addition to the identification of Winifred Chappell that I have
already read into the record, she was also identified in testimony within
the last 2 weeks by Manning Johnson to have been a member of the
Communist Party.
I also would like to read at this point the testimony of Leonard
Patterson in executive testimony before the committee on July 7, 1953,
3748 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
in New York City, testifying this time with regard to Rev. Harry F.
Ward.
Question. Let me ask, did you ever know in your work in the Communist Party
a Rev. Harry F. Ward?
Answer. Yes.
Question. Did you know him well?
Answer. Yes, I worked with him.
Question. Would you explain to the committee just how you worked with him
and where ?
Answer. In New York City, I believe it was in 1933 or 1934; I think it was
1933; Dr. Ward, Earl Browder, myself, Victor Jerome, Manning Johnson, and
other top leading members of the Communist Party were assigned to a top
fraction. In other words, a top policymaking body of the Communist Party, by
the central committee of the party, to prepare —
And then Mr. Scherer said :
Did you say Dr. Ward was a member of that fraction?
Mr. Patteeson. I said that. To prepare for a conference to sponsor a broader
conference against war and fascism to be later on in the year of 1933. This top
policy body met at 799 Broadway, where many of the party front organizations
met at that time, and again there was a conference held in Chicago. I believe
that was the Second Congress Against War and Fascism. I believe that was in
1935. I may be a little wrong in the dates, but research will show that we also
had a meeting of this fraction while the congress was there, and I was, together
with Dr. Ward, in this top fraction meeting in Chicago also.
Question. This is a top fraction meeting of the Communist Party?
Answer. Yes, a meeting where only selected top leading Communist Party
members could attend. It was a policymaking body.
Question. Was Rev. Harry F. Ward present?
Answer. He was present and an active member of that body.
Question. And therefore you knew Rev. Harry F. Ward as a member of the
Communist Party and as a very important member of the Communist Party?
Answer. Yes.
Question. Was he still a member of the party at the time you left the party?
Answer. To my knowing, yes, he was still active in the Communist Party
front organizations like the National Negro Congress. In fact, I believe in
1935 or 1936 they had a meeting of the congress in Philadelphia, and he was
present there and participated in Communist Party fraction.
Question. As far as you know at the time you left the party he was still a
member?
Answer. Yes.
Question. And you know of his participation in Communist-front organiza-
tions subsequent to the date of your leaving the party; is that right?
Answer. Yes, I know he was active in most of the party front organizations,
and he was used many times to spearhead a call for such organizations. In
other words, he would be among the sponsors to get other so-called professional
people, liberal ministers, and the party would be able to attract other people that
it could not attract otherwise.
That is the testimony of Leonard Patterson with regard to Rev.
Harry F. Ward.
Mr. Scherer. Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Velde. Mr. Scherer.
Mr. Scherer. Do you have that part of the testimony of that wit-
ness who testified in New York that while Dr. Ward was a professor
at the Union Theological Seminary in New York, he sent two young
graduate ministers down to Baltimore for their assignment to
churches and at the same time for their assignment as functionaries in
the Communist Party ?
Mr. Kttnzig. I remember very well the testimony, Mr. Scherer, as
I was there, of course, too. I do not have that at the moment. We
could look it up at the moment if you wish to go on to another matter.
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3749
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, may I ask, I thought we were here
to correct my files. This is all interesting information, and it seems
to me places such an obligation upon this committee to make it pos-
sible for those within the church who have authority to take action,
that if that cooperation can be given, we can take it, but why it is
involved in my case, I find it a little hard to understand.
Mr. Jackson. Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Velde. All right, Mr. Jackson.
Mr. Jackson. It seems to me that this relates — it does relate di-
rectly to the Methodist Federation for Social Service. It is irrefu-
table evidence that in the policymaking echelons of the Methodist
Federation for Social Service there were those who were there to do
the work of the Communist Party. It cannot be overlooked I think,
Bishop, that during at least a portion of the time that this was going
on, you were also a member of the Methodist Federation, and, I be-
lieve, an officer of the federation.
Bishop Oxnam. And, Mr. Jackson, you didn't know anything about
this until this testimony under subpena came in. The church doesn't
have the power to subpena these former Communists. We cleared up
that organization as far as the church is concerned. There is official
action taken concerning the Methodist Federation for Social Action,
and in 1936 I wrote the resolution that called upon all agencies that
are not regular agencies of the church, to put in their title the term
"unofficial." I personally wrote that and through the years they
always did that.
Mr. Jackson. It is true we did not participate in this testimony
until it was developed. We felt justified in issuing a report.
Bishop Oxnam. But your report came to no conclusion and any-
body reading that report cannot tell what the opinion of the committee
is. If that report had actually brought in data and had come to a
conclusion, we could move, but I do not think that report came to any
conclusion. It presented a great deal of material from Mr. Steele,
Mr. Woltman, and so on. I may be wrong on that.
Mr. Jackson. There has been evidence over a very long period of
time that there were activities within the Methodist Federation for
Social Action which appeared to be Communist directed and now I
may add, from what we had in the way of background material, we
now have the sworn testimony indicating that which was believed
to be the case was indeed the case.
Bishop Oxnam. How can that be helpful to those of us in the church
facing this kind of a situation ?
Mr. Jackson. I think the committee has been of great service in
bringing forth the fact that the Methodist ministers, in one case as I
understand your testimony, an active member, an active pastor at the
present time is or has been a member of the Communist Party. I be-
lieve that unless this committee had been functioning, unless this testi-
mony had been taken, that matter might have gone on and on and on
and have been unknown for all time to come.
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, was Jack McMichael called before
the committee ? Did he have any opportunity to answer that ? I am
not pleading for him, but did he have a chance to answer what was
alleged ?
3750 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
Mr. Velde. As far as I am concerned, Mr. Jack McMichael has
never been called before this committee. 18
Bishop Oxnam. Then this is given to the public all over the Nation
before the man accused has had so much as an opportunity to answer.
Mr. Scherer. Do you concur that Reverend McMichael is a member
of the Communist Party today ? You said so yourself.
Bishop Oxnam. That isn't correct at all. I am dealing with proce-
dures and I was dealing with procedures when I made the statement.
Mr. Scherer. On the basis of the testimony we had in New York,
sworn testimony of any number of witnesses, and on that basis how
could any reasonable person come to any other conclusion than that
Dr. Ward and Reverend McMichael are dangerous Communists ?
Bishop Oxnam. That isn't it.
Mr. Scherer. What is it?
Bishop Oxnam. That a man is accused before a decision is reached,
and I do not believe this is a court.
Mr. Velde. This certainly is not a court, but what I am puzzled
about, Bishop, you have your suspicions regarding these people, Dr.
Ward and Reverend McMichael, for some years. What did you do
about it? It seems to me your obligation as an American citizen
should be to report that to some investigative agency, whether it be
this body or whether it be the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the
ONI or G-2.
Bishop Oxnam. I told you I had discussed the question of Jack Mc-
Michael and I would be glad to tell the committee with whom in execu-
tive session.
Mr. Velde. Your confidence will be respected.
Mr. Walter. I don't know Jack McMichael and a moment ago I
heard his name mentioned the first time. Is he the man who assigned
two young clergymen to Communist cells ?
Mr. Scherer. That was Dr. Ward.
Mr. Walter. And Dr. Ward assigned these clergymen to Commu-
nist cells?
Mr. Scherer. At the same time they took their ministerial posts in
Baltimore.
Mr. Velde. Let us try to conclude before midnight.
Mr. Scherer. May I ask this question ? I haven't taken too much
time.
Mr. Velde. All right.
Mr. Scherer. In the magazine section of the newspaper of a couple
of Sundays ago, Bishop, there is an article by Bishop G. Bromley
Oxnam entitled "How to Uncover Communists" and in that article
you particularly attack the committee.
Bishop Oxnam. Would you quote the article?
Mr. Scherer. Yes; in that article you say that the uncovering of
Communists in religion should be left to the clergy and now you admit,
don't you, that
Bishop Oxnam. Would you quote just what I said, sir?
Mr. Scherer. Just a minute. Here today you admit that you were
unable to cope with it in the Methodist Federation for Social Action,
of which you were a part.
u At a later date, Rev. Jack R. McMichael was subpenaed and he testified in public
hearings on July 30 and 31, 1953. His testimony is being- reviewed at the time of this
printing by the Department of Justice for possible perjury charges.
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3751
Bishop Oxnam. Well, are you asking a question ?
Mr. Scherer. No ; I am making a statement.
Bishop Oxnam. I beg your pardon then.
Mr. V elde. I would like to ask the question : Do you now feel that
the church authorities are able to cope with the problem, in view of
the statement that you have made?
Bishop Oxnam. I could wish that the article could be in the records
so that it would be known what I did say.
Mr. Kunzig. May the article that was in Parade be marked as "Ox-
nam Exhibit No. 37," please?
Mr. Velde. Without objection, it will be introduced in the record
at this point.
(Document referred to was marked as "Oxnam Exhibit No. 37" and
received in evidence (see opp. p. 3766).)
Mr. Scherer. I might call your attention to a speech or statement
you made a few weeks ago when you challenged the committee to prove
that there was one Communist member of the clergy.
Bishop Oxnam. I think I said to name any one Communist who held
a position of major responsibility in any church.
Mr. Clardy. Didn't you say you didn't know any ?
Bishop Oxnam. I made two statements. One was much earlier in
which I said that I did not know of a Communist in the Methodist
Church, and the second had to do with the Philadelphia speech.
Mr. Scherer. I don't exactly know whether it was Philadelphia or
not.
Bishop Oxnam. And there was a great meeting of a good many
thousand people and I made reference to the fact that I would chal-
lenge anybody to name a Communist who held a position of major
responsibility in any of our churches. I still haven't heard. There
may be such a person. If so, I regret it.
Mr. Scherer. How about Beverend McMichael ?
Bishop Oxnam. We do not consider that McMichael had a large
position. That is an unofficial position.
Mr. Scherer. Was he not executive secretary of the Methodist
Federation and Dr. Ward a prominent person in the Union Theologi-
cal Seminary ?
Bishop Oxnam. The Union Theological College is not a Methodist
organization. It is not a regular organization of the church at all,
and has been so known through the years.
Mr. Jackson. Would you say that Dr. Ward is an eminent church
personality ?
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, Professor Ward was a distinguished person,
I would say, as a student. He never had any executive responsibility
in the church, I think.
Mr. Walter. You say that he did not occupy an executive position
of responsibility. Do you feel that a man molding the minds of young
clergymen occupied a far more important position than did a man in
an executive post ?
Bishop Oxnam. I think that he did exercise considerable influence
and I have testified to my break with him and what I tried to do. It is
very easy for someone with hindsight to suggest what an individual
should have done at a particular time. I wish in the light of the pres-
ent situation that we should have handled that matter much earlier.
We did not have this kind of testimony, please remember, and it may
3752 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
be that some way must be developed whereby this kind of information
can reach church groups in such fashion that proper steps can be taken.
Mr. Walter. Do you know of any way other than this way in
developing that very thing?
Bishop Oxnam. I think that a committee investigating un-Ameri-
can activities, such as this committee is doing, if the procedures are
carefully scrutinized so that a man's name is not blazoned across the
country before he himself has a chance to be heard in matters of that
kind, all of that could be handled very easily.
This standard volume which is published by the Cornell University
in its civil liberty study written by Prof. Robert K. Carr of Dart-
mouth, and the study was financed by the Rockefeller Foundation,
has constructive suggestions that it seems to me would solve those
problems and conserve the values that all of us realize exist in this
kind of procedure.
Mr. Clardy. Might I ask a question at this point, Mr. Chairman?
Mr. Velde. I had already recognized Mr. Doyle.
Mr. Clardy. I yield to the gentleman from California.
Mr. Doyle. May I have a moment, please, Mr. Chairman ?
Mr. Velde. Yes.
Mr. Doyle. For the benefit of the witness I think it is appropriate,
Mr. Chairman, to call the witness' attention to the fact that this com-
mittee has just adopted a set of rules that apply to witnesses and
attorneys appearing before the committee, and I call special attention
to rule No. X, and I am not ashamed of the fact that I personally
put a lot of work on it, and this rule does make a requirement for
this committee to notice that any person named for the first time
before this committee as a Communist or a Fascist or a subversive has
an opportunity to be heard, and that rule requires this committee,
within a reasonable time after a person is first named before this com-
mittee, to get notice by a registered letter of the fact that a statement
that he has been so named has been made, and the date and the place
of the statement, and the name of the person who made the statement
and the person has 15 days in which to personally appear before this
committee or send some communication to the committee so that
reputation, if he fears it has been damaged, can be protected.
I make that statement, and no doubt the people in this room who
have heard this discussion today may not realize that the committee
is trying to improve its conduct right along. I wish to state I am
not satisfied with what we are doing, always, but we are making
headway.
May I call the witness' attention to the fact that in 1952, on Feb-
ruary 17, this committee, apparently with diligence and much work,
published this statement that the Methodist Federation for Social
Action was Communist.
Mr. Velde. May I interrupt there ? In the course of the statement
the Methodist Federation for Social Action is named as a tool of the
Communist Party, I think.
Mr. Doyle. I realize that, but in this booklet of 87 pages published
by our subcommittee and in which the Methodist Federation for
Social Action is mentioned, we make no comment that that organiza-
tion, in this book at least, was Communist.
One thing more and I think the record should show that this testi-
mony at New York and here in Washington to which so much atten-
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3753
tion has been given, and possibly rightly so, about Dr. Ward and
about Reverend McMichael which was taken here in July of 1953;
in other words, this committee had no knowledge so far as our record
was concerned of the attitude of Dr. Ward or Reverend McMichael
until, may I say, we were getting ready for this hearing, in which you
recall you requested to be heard and you are having your wish
fulfilled. So it is a difficult matter to get evidence on Communists.
It is not an easy thing, even for our expert investigators. It is not
an easy thing at all.
One further observation, Mr. Chairman, it is 11 o'clock. This wit-
ness has mentioned a dozen times, I think, that he wanted to have
his record clear and identified and corrected, if it should be cor-
rected, and I think before we take more time to prove who Dr. Ward
was and who Reverend McMichael was, that the witness ought to
understand when he leaves this room whether or not he has any
corrections to make in his record. I understood that is why he came.
Mr. Velde. Mr. Doyle, I think this matter should be taken up in
executive session.
Mr. Doyle. What should be ?
Mr. Velde. The matter of correction of any of the records.
Mr. Doyle. What I mean, Mr. Chairman, is : Has the witness any-
thing further to say on his record or has the committee anything
further to ask him about his record.
Mr. Velde. Yes ; certainly they do. We have a lot of other mate-
rial to go into and I would appreciate it if we could get down to the
subject matter.
Mr. Doyle. I thought the subject matter was the files of the com-
mittee, and that is what I am interested in, getting that before we
adjourn. I think we have proved adequately enough that Mr. Ward
and Mr. McMichael were off color and probably Communists, but
that doesn't prove that this witness was a Communist.
Mr. Velde. No one has asserted that he was. Let us proceed.
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, I am sure you will pardon a com-
ment on what Mr. Doyle said.
Mr. Clardy. To concentrate on something that you have said, you
mentioned some criticism of the committee procedure and I think
that is very much in point and something that ought to be discussed.
I want to ask you this : Didn't you, just a few minutes ago, suggest
that because the church lacked what this committee possesses, the
power of subpena, that you could not uncover these things that we
were inquiring about ?
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, sir; I did.
Mr. Clardy. With that in mind, would you not agree with us that
because we do have the power of Congress, the power of subpena and
the power to investigate which the church does not, that we are far
better equipped? I am not talking about files or anything else, but
aren't we better equipped to do the job for you and for the Nation
as a whole ?
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, I have always believed there is a
proper place for congressional investigation. It is a part of our
American system. I have been dealing with what I believe to be an
unfortunate handling of the files.
Mr. Doyle has just made reference to the rules. I read them. I
43620—54— — 12
3754 TESTIMONY OP BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
think anybody reading those rules will recognize distinct improve-
ments.
Mr. Clardy. May I interrupt you to tell you that those rules are the
rules that this committee has been following to my personal knowledge
since I went on the committee in January of this year ; that they were
followed prior to that time with one exception, and that exception was
considered in the early meeting of this committee, and that has to do
with the notification of persons who are identified as Communists in
open hearings.
Aside from that, and I am glad to hear you say that you like what
we have done, the procedure is identical with what we have been fol-
lowing. We merely put it in writing.
Bishop Oxnam. I am happy to know it, but Mr. Chairman, you
will let me say this, that Mr. Dies, who had some experience in this
matter I believe, has just introduced a bill into the House which goes
much farther than any of the rules. I am not sure his recommenda-
tions are wise. I am not competent, really, to say. I think Mr.
Keating and Mr. Javits have done the same and when reference was
made to the Methodist Federation in the matter of the 100 questions
about communism and religion, you will remember that was pub-
lished in 1948, and the Methodist Federation was referred to as a tool
of the Communist Party.
I have here a letter signed by Mr. John S. Wood, dated May 10,
1951, in which Mr. Wood says the following :
This committee has made no investigation of the Methodist Federation for
Social Service or its successor, the Methodist Federation for Social Action,
and therefore is unable to furnish you information in regard to that organiza-
tion.
Now maybe the chairman of the committee, Mr. Wood, did not know
what had gone on, but here was an official statement 3 years after
the organization was called a tool of the Communist Party. Now I am
not debating except to say that procedures that can be so inaccurate
as that, I should think need to be checked and particularly in the
matter of the files where material is released about an individual before
it is verified. That is why I came here.
Mr. Clardy. Do you think any good purpose would have been served
in the Alger Hiss case, and this has no reference to you, if every step
in the investigative process, everything that went into the files had
been called to his attention as the committee went along, and don't
forget it was this committee that brought that man to heel
Bishop Oxnam. I notice that Professor Carr gives this committee
credit for that.
Mr. Clardy. Do you think that the procedure you are suggesting,
do you think that would work in an investigation of a Communist?
Don't you see that you would utterly as you quoted me in Parade,
utterly destroy the investigative process. I said that. I meant that,
not only for that but for other reasons. We have sat here and taken
abuse day after day and week after week and month after month and
if you had gone through the fire and furnace that we have you would
understand what we have gone through.
Mr. Velde. Mr. Clardy, I think we are getting irrelevant.
Mr. Clardy. I don't think so, Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Velde. It is interesting.
Mr. Clardy. Not only is it interesting but it is important. I want
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3755
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 30
NATIONAL OfFKARi w wi Lu»,i. tna
S^^ American Civil Liberties Union g^L-
«- HJi— _A " C "~* SOUTHERN CAUf ORNIA BRANCH R„ C |BC Ow .
^7T"£<v~"" 540 Wilcox Building. Los An K el« SsTTEET ""
WUDLTalA
June 14. 1923
Dear Ft 1 anas:
following-up your offer to ear/e on the Member-
•talp Corn-ait tee of the Own Liberties Union, we enclose
several olrculars, with membership blanks, and ask yon
to distribute thss eaonff your friends.
As our greatest means of obtaining new mentors will
be the "personal oontaot" of members of the eotnlttec,
with non-members, *e request that you not only distribute
these olrculars, but that yon advise ua .mediately hew
many more circulars you will be willing to distribute*
You will receive a uotlee of our next msetlng-in
a few days. Awaiting your reply, we renala
Tours very truly,
-MESICAM CIVIL LIBERTIES UN10B
By: William D. ft
vbtB/vb
the record to show that it is in point because I believe that it is neces-
sary to point out some of the misconceptions that the good witness
possesses.
Mr. Velde. Proceed.
Mr. Kunzig. I would like to offer into evidence Oxnam exhibits
Nos. 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, and 36. They are all the documents we have
been talking about for the last half hour, but I haven't had a chance to
put them into evidence until this moment.
Mr. Velde. Without objection, they will be put in the record.
(Documents heretofore referred to as Oxnam exhibit Nos. 30, 31, 32,
33, 34, 35, and 36 were received in evidence. Oxnam exhibit No. 37, al-
ready accepted in evidence follows in numerical order.)
3756
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 31
^ TWE NTY YEARS OF SOCIAL SERVICE
Cljc tfjletbobtst Juration for foetal berime
150 FTFTH AVENUE. NEW YORK CITY
NATIONAL COMMrTTtt
r P. TITTLE. Chairman
C BROMLEY OXNAM. E.'<
S-<f
P. W ADAMS. Sp'ta«6eld. M.sa
O. V AUMAN. Ckj.ajn
KAY AllfN. Honaril. N Y.
M. P. BURNS. PUidelfka
L. H BUCBEE. Minneapolis
KING D BEACH. Ca»ea;o
DAN B BRUMMITT. (.kja
STELLA W. BRUMMITT. Crucaras
EMKLR BJORNBERG. Chicasw
P. O BECK, t.ensto*
E W 8LAXEMAN. Berkeley. CI
W. C BARCLAY. Oueac*
JAMES C BAKER. Ufbana. III.
GEO A. COE. Cladon. Cil.
R E DlrTENDORFER. New York
EDW T. DEVINE. H'ubiiui
D. P DIEFENDORJ\ E. Orassjs. N J
E. P. DENNETT. Sao Francisco
A. E. DAY. Pinjbursh
P. C. DINGER. Oak Part. IU.
P. B FISHER. India
R- W. CRAHAM. Ctestoo. Ion
V. E. J. CRATZ. Cfc^crj
W. M. CILBERT. MscUsoo. N. I
A. A. HHST. Dconr
PAUL HUTCHINSON. Otacaao
L. O HARTMAN. Boaton
H. S HAMILTON. Bone. Idaho
E. S. HAMMOND. Sale. On.
BAEELLE HORTON. Lake Bliaf. Ill
A. V. HARRIS. No York
C. P. HARCRAVES. Ctucaao
FRANC KINGDOM. Laoamf. M..h
LOUISA UT2EL. Viclor. Oko
I C. LAZENBY. Milwaukee
J. V. LANCDALE. Btooklen
H E. LUCCOCK. No. York
JESSE LACKLEN. Bill oia. Moru
C. S. LACKLAND. Mcsd.illr. Pa
AMY LEWIS. N— York
W H. MeMASTER. Allaaoor. Okao
mary Mcdowell. awat»
H. H. MEYER. New York
A E MONGER. Sou* Brad, bid
EDW. LAIRD MILLS. Portland. Ote
J. R MACEE. Seattle
O. H. M.t.lLL. Seattle
P. M. NORTH. New Yofk
O. T. OLSON. Baliissore
EARL ROADMAN. Mitotell. S D
W. J. SHERMAN. San Franeiaco
W. B 8PAULDINC. IMIiop. Mom.
C. D. SEINNER. Tula. Okla.
W. L. STTDGER. Kansas dr.
ROBT L TUCKER. Columbia!
W. P. THIRKIELD. Cbanaoooja
WORTH M TIPPY. New York
L. K WILLMAN. Wilkea-Barrt. Pa
HERBERT WELCH. Cores
V O WARD. Maaoeaoolat
JAMES M. YARD. New York
ANNIVERSARY CELEBRA TION
KEYNOTE: Face luuea— Back the Federation!
OBJECTIVES. Every Methodist minister who kno»i that the religion
of Jesus require; the transformation of human society.
a wpporaog n a t i i a f a i i.
Every minister who u not lure, but wants- to know.
• BsiHttiel ekwswfkraj
Ac least ooo lay swaavsW in every local church.
EXECUTIVE (jOUUTCTm
I J MeCONNELL
H F RALL
CEORCE ELLIOTT
HERBERT N SHENTON
RALPH B LKMY
TREASURL*
CILBERT Q LsSOURD
EaKUTAJUB
HARRY P. WARD
WINIFRED L. CKAPPELL
■tvroh 17. 1028.
Dear Heater of the federation:
Oar celebration of the Twentieth Anniversary of the Methodist
Federation for Social Service began In earnest in this section Mon-
day. The preachers of Boston ar.d vicinity met at the Wesley an
Building, and Professor Ward delivered a compelling message, shot
through with prophetlo fire, and characterized by penetrating anal-
ysis. We were tremendously helped.
A luncheon followed and Professor Ward spoke relative to the
future of the Federation. This was followed by a consideration of
the most effective plan for securing additional members for the
Federation. Our plan is to assign the names of the non-members la
the conference to the members, and to request each member to Inter-
view five or six non-members and present the question of Joining the
Federation. Can you not get a group to do something like this In
your section? The Hew York office will give counsel on request.
News is oomlng in from many seotions of the country . At
Cleveland Dr. John H. Blackburn presented the matter to the minister-
ial association, and got several members. Wade Crawford Barolay Is
taking time to solicit members, as is Kiss Vary Samson of the Board
of Home Missions In Philadelphia. Splendid meetings have been held la
Chicago and Hew York. Pittsburgh, Philadelphia and Colorado ooni'er-
ences have fine programs under way. It appears that ths anniversary
will be a prominent aotlvity In oitles all the way from Seattle to lew
York. The Kansas City part of the program is also moving along.
As you know, this is a voluntary organization, and dependent upoa
the services of Its loyal members. Von' t vou help? You can send In m
list of names who might be Interested In the Bulletin membership, or
full membership. You can solicit your friends. You oan send items to
the Advocates. In a soore of ways the Individual oan help.
Will you not write us at once renewing your own membership, If Its
expiration is near at hand, telling us whatever you are doing, or will
do, for the Anniversary? And don't forget that we are eager to have
at least one lay member In every looal church.
Ww/
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
3757
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 32
THE METHODIST FEDERATION FOR SOCIAL SERVICE
150 IIKI1I AVENUE (UNOFFICIAL) NfcW YOKK II, N. V.
Tel. WAlkin, 9-75JO ,*Vj.
OFFICERS
LCWW O. HANTMAM
JAMES C BAKER
O. BROMLEY OXNAM
■'CI*MllOI"T
TMSLMA tTIVINl
mcoiidiho iictn.a.
GILBERT o. LtsoURO
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
LESTER w. AUMAN
JAMES C. BAKE*
WADE CRAWFORD BARCLAY
MARY McLKOD BETHUNE
CHARLES W. BRASHARIB
HAROLD C. CASE
WILSON O. COLE
GILBERT S. COX
HENRY HITT CRANE
OWEN M. SEER
CORLISS F. HARORAVSS
ROBERT C I. OWE
OAVIO O. JONES
LEWIS O. HARTMAN
JOHN C. LAZENBT
OILBERT O. LISOURD
FRANKLIN H. LITTELL
EOOAR A. LOVE
BTANLEY S. McKEE
O. BROMLEY OXNAM
•SORQE L. POOR
ROBERT R. POWELL
H. M. RATLIFF
LLOYD H. RISING
MIRIAM RISTINC
CHARLES E. SCHOFIELO
CHESTER A. SMITH
THELMA STEVENS
MRS. M. E. TILLY
RALPH B. URMY
EOOAR M. WAHLBERO
WILLIAM T. WATKINS
WAYNE WHITE
RUTH F. WOLCOTT
YOUTH MEMBERS
ANN FITZFATRICK
SARAH B. HESTER
LLOYD O. WHITE
'FBENZA L. S. WOODS
EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
JACK RICHARD McMICHAEL
April 12, 1946
Soar Congressmani
On more than one occasion our gcvsTBtseat ha* expressed i tt
support for the Danish opponents, of Franco, who was la fact
a fascist ally of our Axis enemies, at whoso hands so aany
of America's flnost youth gavo tholr lives. Our government
has Jolnod with tho United Rations in Its unanliaous Judgment
that the Franco Falangist roglmo is in effect an outlaw regime
■brought to powor by tho aid of Fascist Germany and Italy*
Mow sensational chargos havo boen aado that Franco Spain la
harboring wantod Bail war criminals and Hail scientists who
aro busy in Spain developing hideous weapons of war intended
to ho uaod against Franco, Am or lea and othor democratic lands*
Peoples everywhere are today asking what America Is prepared
actually to do against this roglmo whoso fascist loader has
boon so contemptous of the Unltod Statos, of dODocracy and of
tho Unltod Nations*
How Important It is that we mako clear for all to sea our honest,
uncompromising opposition to Franco and our support of his
Spanish enemies, whoa our own government has encouraged] We
understand that tho Joint AntL-Fasclst Hefugoo Coomittoo has
oxlstod proeisoly to glvo old to thoso anti-Franco Spaniards*
That a stupid blunder It would bo if at this tlmo tho Congross
wero to clt» for contgngt the members of the Executlvo Board
of the Joint Antl-Fasclst Refugee Committee which has helped"
to save the lives of many of our Spanish friends! die sodas
ospocially true In vlow of tho contention that tho moabers of
tho Board aro not tho logal custodians of tho books and records
demanded by tho wood~Bankln Commlttoo on Un-Jmorican Actirltlos*
Will you bo prosontwhon this mattor comos to a votoT Will you
spoak and vote against tho proposed contempt citation, romomw
boring and pointing out tho apparent and sorioua relationship
of such a citation to our presont standing in tho Unltod lations!
Yours most sincoroly,
JBM/rr
r /• ffc l^c&^S
B. «tefflehsvsl
tlvo Soorotasjr
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 32-A
Summary of impressions following visit to Russia, summer, 19S4, from diary
record of August 25, 1934
1. I am impressed by the apparent fact that their political education has gone
down. There is exceptional ability manifest by worker, by peasant, and young
people in the discussion of political and economic matters. Like young funda-
mentalists, tbese people are saturated in Marx, know the answers in terms of
Communist dogma, and are absolutely "certain" they are right and scientifically
correct.
2. I am impressed by the fact that revolution was a much easier task here than
it would be in the United States. Our middle classes have a standard of life these
people never knew. Classes are not fixed in the United States. Our leadership
is infinitely abler. Our businessmen possess an efficiency and adaptability un-
known to prerevolution Russians.
3. I am impressed more and more by the treatment of minorities. They are
3758 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
gagged, at times starved. How can an opposition idea get underway, even if
true? Here dogma comes in. Opposition ideas cannot be true. We have the
truth.
4. I am impressed by the strange contradiction between the vast conceptions
of social organization and the apparent advance, and the extraordinary in-
efficiency in carrying out detail, in preventing waste, in developing sanitation,
and a score of snch matters. Those impressed by organizing skill as shown in
Red Square parade must remember that is military, a machine, and does not
call for individual initiative and decision, as well as care. Everything seems
allowed to deteriorate.
5. I am impressed by the intellectual isolation of the people. This is a funda-
mental contradiction of so-called scientific spirit.
6. I am impressed by the need of Americans to See America First. People
should know our own social work, our own schools, our own factories ; and
they would be less impressed by work that is distinctly inferior but is held
up in Russia as superior. These Russians assume we are coming to find out
how it is done.
7. I am impressed by the fact that a Communist state appropriates all the les-
sons, the costly experiments, the trial and error learnings of capitalism. Let us
see later how much advance technically they will themselves make.
8. I am impressed by the danger to the creative mind. He, if in opposition, is
silenced, killed.
9. Art, to date, while we are told it is 'flighting wings" has done practically
nothing. Perhaps the new ideas will manifest themselves in new concepts in
art, but not yet.
10. I am impressed by the paralyzing consequences of bureaucracy, when the
order of the bureaucrat is in the hands of the ignorant, who denied freedom to
exercise creative judgment and reasonable adaptability, a person generally un-
imaginative, blocks the traffic of a great arterial street, because the order he
received said, "Traffic north and south when green light burns ; traffic stops when
red light burns." But signal got out of order. Green shows steadily for north
and south, red for east and west. East and west must stand still until signal is
repaired or order rescinded.
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 33
Methodist Federation for Social Action
baixot
Nominations for Executive Committee
These officers were elected by the national membership meeting in Kansas City,
December 27-29, 1947. Your confirmation is requested.
President (vote for 1). Check 1.
Bishop Robert N. Brooks, New Orleans area ; former editor, Central Christian
Advocate.
Vice presidents ( vote for 6 ) . Check 6.
Bishop James C. Baker, vice president, MFSA ; bishop, Los Angeles area.
Bishop Lewis O. Hartman, former president, MFSA ; bishop, Boston area.
Bishop W. Earl Ledden, president, New York State Council of Churches;
bishop, Syracuse area.
Bishop Francis J. McConnell, bishop, Portland area ; former MFSA president.
Dean Walter G. Muelder, Boston University School of Theology.
Bishop William T. Watkins, bishop, Louisville area.
Recording secretary (vote for 1). Check 1.
Miss Thelma Stevens, recording secretary, MFSA; executive secretary, de-
partment of Christian social relations, woman's division of Christian
service.
Treasurer ( vote for 1 ) . Check 1.
Dr. Gilbert Q. LeSourd, associate secretary, missionary education movement.
Assistant treasurer (vote for 1). Check 1.
William W. Reid, editor, The Pastor magazine.
(Officers are automatically members of the executive committee.)
These were nominated by the national membership meeting. If you wish to
make a substitution, please cross out the names you wish deleted and add the
substitutes.
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3759
Members at Large (Vote for 40). Check 40
1. Dr. Wade C. Barclay, member, MFSA administrative committee ; past editor,
Social Questions Bulletin.
2. Rev. Lee Ball, member, MFSA administrative committee; Lake Mehopac,
N. Y.
3. Dr. Albert Barnett, professor, Garrett Biblical Institute ; vice president,
Alabama MFSA.
4. Rev. Samuel G. Beers, Waterloo, Wis.
5. Mrs. Theodore Berry, committee on economic relations, central jurisdiction,
department of Christian social relations, WDCS.
6. Dr. Charles F. Boss, Jr., executive secretary, commission on world Peace,
Chicago.
7. Bishop Charles W. Brashares, Des Moines area.
8. Dr. James P. Brawley, president, Clark College, Atlanta, Ga.
9. Mr. Harold Burns, editor and publisher, New Wilmington, Pa.
10. Dr. Gilbert S. Cox, president, upper Iowa MFSA ; Waterloo.
11. Dr. Henry Hitt Crane, Central Methodist Church ; Detroit.
12. Dr. Ralph Diffendorfer, executive secretary, department of foreign missions,
board of missions.
13. Dr. Karl Downes,* president, Samuel Houston College ; Austin.
14. Rev. Paul DuBois, president, New York east conference, MFSA.
15. Mr. E. J. Fricke, president, Indiana State conference, MFSA.
16. Rev. Paul Friedrich, member, MFSA, administrative committee ; New Bruns-
wick, N. J.
17. Rev. Owen Geer, Vermont Square Methodist Church, Los Angeles, Calif.
18. Dr. Corliss P. Hargraves, executive secretary, interboard committee on mis-
sionary education.
19. Rev. Robert Howe, Pittsfleld, Mass.
20. Dr. David Jones, president, Bennett College, North Carolina.
21. Mrs. J. D. Kilgore, Tracy ton, Wash.
22. Mr. Chester Kingsbury, president, Pacific Northwest conference, MFSA;
printer ; Seattle, Wash.
23. Rev. Franklin H. Littell, director, student religious association, University
of Michigan.
24. Dr. Edgar Love, member, MFSA administrative committee; superintendent,
department of Negro work, board of missions, and church extension.
25. Rev. James May, former executive secretary, YMCA; Georgia Institute of
Technology ; Georgia.
26. Dr. Clyde Miller. Teachers College, Columbia University ; copresident, New
York City MFSA.
27. Mrs. Floyd Mulkey, president, Chicago MFSA.
28. Dr. C. C. McCown, professor emeritus, Pacific School of Religion.
29. Rev. G. S. Nichols, president, Iowa-Des Moines conference, MFSA.
30. Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam, bishop, New York area.
31. Rev. Edward Peet, officer, Greater Hartford, MFSA.
32. Dr. Arthur Raper, economic analyst, United States Department of Agri-
culture.
33. Rev. H. M. Ratliff, Mission, Tex.
34. Miss Matilda Saxton, secretary, central jurisdiction, department of Christian
social relations, WDCS ; Trenton, N. J.
35. Dr. Charles Schofield, editor, adult publications, Board of Education,
Nashville.
36. Miss Mildred Thomson, social worker ; president St. Paul MFSA.
37. Mrs. M. E. Tilly, member President's Committee on Civil Rights ; secretary,
department of Christian social relations, WDCS, Southeastern.
3S. Rev. Andrew S. Turnipseed, president, Alabama Conference MFSA.
39. Dr. Willard Uphaus, director, Religion and Labor Foundation.
40. Rev. Charles Webber, secretary, Amalgamated Clothing Workers.
41. Rev. Wayne White, New York City ; member of MFSA administrative com-
mittee.
42. Dr. Elwin Wilson, district superintendent, Portland, Maine.
43. Dr. Ruth Wolcott, Spirit Lake, Iowa.
Youth Members :
44. Mr. George Harper, director, National Conference Methodist Youth.
•We are sorry to announce the death of our friend, Dr. Downs.
3760 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
45. Mrs. Ann Fitzpatrik Klein, Garrett Biblical Institute, Illinois.
46. Miss Snippy Sharpnack, Mount Union College, Alliance, Ohio.
(Every standard conference chapter elects one member to the executive
committee.)
Nominations for National Committee
(Annual conference chapter presidents are automatically members of the
national committee. Standard conference chapters elect five members to the
National Committee. Standard local chapters elect two members to the
national committee.)
Members at Large (Vote for 150)
These were nominated by the national membership meeting. If you wish to
make a substitution, please cross out the names you wish deleted and add the
substitutes.
1. Rev. Merrill R. Abbey, First Methodist Church, Madison, Wis.
2. Rev. Albert Allinger, Methodist Church, Cranford, N. J.
3. Rev. Lester Ward Auman, Jackson Heights Methodist Church N. W. ; member
ad interim committee of the MFSA.
4. Rev. DeWitt C. Baldwin, director, Lisle Fellowship, New York City.
5. Rev. Archey D. Ball, pastor, Paterson, N. J.
6. Prof. Irwin R. Beiler, Allegheny College, Meadville, Pa.
7. Prof. John F. Bender, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Okla.
8. Mr. J. E. Perry, clothing manufacturer, Columbus, Kans.
9. Mrs. Mary McLeod Bethune, president, National Council of Negro Women,
Washington, D. C.
10. Dr. Henry L. Bibby, physician, Kingston, N. Y.
11. Dr. Hiel D. Bollinger, secretary, department of student work, Board of
Education, Nashville.
12. Dr. Harold Bosley, dean, Duke University School of Theology.
13. Mr. E. P. Bowen, General Secretary, Cooperative League of U. S. A.
14. Dr. Edgar S. Brightman, professor of philosophy, Boston University School
of Theology.
15. Dr. Edwin A. Brown, Methodist Church, Urbana, Ohio.
16. Dr. Emory Bucke, editor, Zion's Herald, Boston, Mass.
17. Rev. George A. Burchem, Methodist Church, Modesto, Calif.
18. Mr. A. M. Butler, attorney at law, Dows, Iowa.
19. Rev. J. George Butler, South Park Methodist Church, Hartford.
20. Rev. Wendell R. Carter, Methodist Church, Beaver Falls, N. Y.
21. Miss Winifred Chappell, Peoples' Institute of Applied Religion.
22. Rev. Don Chase, Methodist Church, Redding, Calif.
23. Rev. James Chubb, assistant secretary, General Board of Evangelism, Bald-
win City, Kans.
24. Rev. George Clary, Sr., Trinity Methodist Church, Savannah, Ga.
25. Dr. George A. Coe, professor emeritus of religious education, Union Theo-
logical Seminary ; now residing in California.
26. Rev. Elbert Cole, director religious education, University of Chicago.
27. Rev. Elbert M. Conover, director, Interdenominational Bureau of Architec-
ture, New York City.
28. Dr. Russell M. Cooper, professor, University of Minnesota.
29. Rev. Alva I. Cox, executive secretary, board of education, Northeast Ohio
Conference.
30. Dr. Clarence T. Craig, professor of New Testament, Graduate School of
Theology, Oberlin College. Ohio.
31. Rev. Albert Curry, Friendship Park Methodist Church, Pittsburgh.
32. Mr. Gloster B. Current, secretary, National Association for the Advancement
of Colored People, Detroit, Mich.
33. Mrs. J. W. Curry, Christian social relations secretary, South Carolina
Conference.
34. Rev. Mark A. Dawber, executive secretary, Home Missions Council.
35. Rev. Harry Denman, Board of Evangelism, Nashville, Tenn.
36. Miss Doris P. Denison, department of Christian education of adults, General
Board of Education, Nashville, Tenn.
37. Rev. Mark Depp, Centenary Methodist Church, Winston-Salem, N. C.
38. Rev. James Dombrowski, executive secretary, Southern Conference Educa-
tional Fund, New Orleans, La.
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3761
39. Rev. Caxton Doggett, director of student work, Board of Missions.
40. Rev. M. E. Dorr, Grace Methodist Church, Dayton, Iowa.
41. Rev. James E. Dunning, First Methodist Church, Los Angeles.
42. Rev. L. L. Dunnington, Methodist Church, Iowa City, Iowa.
[Methodist Federation for Social Service, 1947 ballot, p. 2]
43. Miss Clara Dutrow, secretary-treasurer, West Oklahoma MFSA.
44. Rev. Harold Ehrensperger, editor, Motive Magazine, Nashville.
45. Dr. Guy Fox, administrator, Denver Public Schools, Colorado.
46. Rev. Edwin Garrison, Methodist Church, Wabash, Ind.
47. Rev. Victor V. Goff, director, Wesley Foundation, University of California,
Berkeley.
48. Rev. Albert Green, Methodist Church, Lamar, S. C.
49. Mr. John M. Grove, Frederick, Md.
50. Rev. Armand Guerrero, Methodist pastor, Chicago, 111.
51. Mr. Carey Haigler, regional director, CIO, Birmingham, Ala.
52. Rev. William Hairston, Methodist Church, Reidsville, N. C.
53. Mr. Martin Hall, author and lecturer, Los Angeles, Calif.
54. Dr. Royal Hall, chairman, division of social sciences, Albion College.
55. Rev. Paul G. Hayes, McCabe Methodist Church, Bismarck, N. Dak.
56. Dr. John Haywood, president, Gammon Theological Seminary, Atlanta.
57. Rev. L. B. Hazzard, professor of religious education, Illinois Wesleyan
University.
58. Rev. R. K. Heacock, pastor, Methodist Church, Llano, Tex.
59. Rev. A. A. Heist, director, American Civil Liberties Union, Los Angeles, Calif.
60. Rev. Myron Herrell, Methodist Church, Hayward, Calif.
61. Rev. Chester Hodgson, Methodist pastor, Newark, N. J.
62. Dr. Mary Alice Hoover, physician, Tacoma, Wash.
63. Mr. George A. Home, consulting engineer, New York City.
64. Miss Elizabeth Howe, Bellevue, Pa.
65. Mr. I. H. Hull, secretary, Indiana Farm Bureau Cooperative Association,
Indianapolis, Ind.
66. Dr. Harold Hutson, professor, Ohio Wesleyan University.
67. Dr. Charles Wesley Iglehart, professor, Union Theological Seminary, New
York.
68. Mrs. Grace Jenkins, president, Portland District, MFSA, Oregon.
69. Miss R. Elizabeth Johns, secretary, Student Christian Movement, New Eng-
land region, Boston.
70. Prof. Emmett S. Johnson, Wesleyan College, Macon, Ga.
71. Rev. Andrew Juvinell, Methodist Church, Stockton, Calif.
72. Bishop Paul J. Kern, Nashville area.
73. Rev. Plaine Kirkpatrick, Methodist Church, Indianapolis.
74. Rev. John Kirby, Methodist Church, Fairhaven. N. J.
75. Rev. George S. Lackland, pastor, Indianola Methodist Church, Columbus,
Ohio.
76. Prof. John C. Lazenby, Wisconsin State Teachers College, Milwaukee, Wis.
77. Prof. C. F. Littell, Cornell College, Mount Vernon, Iowa.
78. Rev. Nat G. Long, Methodist Church, Atlanta, Ga.
79. Mrs. Ford H. Longsdorf, officer, Louisiana Conference, MFSA.
80. Dr. Halford Luccock, professor, Yale Divinity School, New Haven, Conn.
81. Mr. Jesse Mall, locomotive engineer, Hoisington, Kans.
82. Rev. Ray F. Magnuson, pastor, Waverly, Nebr.
83. Mr. William P. Mason, shoe manufacturer, St. Louis, Mo. ; district lay leader.
84. Miss Ethel K. Miller, librarian, Hendrix College, Conway, Ark.
85. Dr. John C. Millian, Petworth Methodist Church, Washington, D. C.
86. Rev. Theodore Miner, Methodist Church, Fishkill, N. Y.
87. Mr. William Mitch, United Mine Workers, Birmingham, Ala.
88. Rev. Dr. Alfred Moore, executive secretary committee on world literacy and
Christian literature, Foreign Missions Conference.
89. Rev. John V. Murray, Jr., pastor, Bethune, S. C.
90. Miss Eleanor Neff, associate secretary, department of Christian social rela-
tions, Woman's Division of Christian Service, New York.
91. Miss Candis Nelson, dean emeritus, Seattle Pacific College.
92. Rev. J. Pierce Newell, district superintendent, Madison, Wis.
93. Dr. Charles Noble, dean, Syracuse University, New York.
94. Miss Marian L. Norris, secretary, Wesleyan service guild, Woman's Division
of Christian Service, New York.
3762 TESTIMONY OP BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
95. Rev. Spencer B. Owens, district superintendent, Albion, Mich.
96. Rev. James Pless, Methodist Church, Chattanooga, Tenn.
97. Mrs. G. W. Porneroy, Louisiana Conference, secretary of Christian social
relations, Woman's Division of Christian Service.
98. Rev. Fred G. Poole, executive secretary, board of Education, Detroit Con-
ference.
99. Mrs. Fred G. Poole, social worker, division chairman, Christian Social Rela-
tions for Wesleyan Service Guild, Detroit.
100. Rev. George Poor, Methodist pastor, Seattle, Wash.
101. Rev. Robert Powell. Mount Union College, Alliance, Ohio.
102. Dr. Karl Quimby, Ridgewood. N. J.
103. Dr. Harris F. Rail, professor emeritus, Garrett Biblical Institute, Evanston,
111.
104. Mrs. W. H. Ratliff, Sherard, Miss. ; president, Southeastern jurisdiction,
Woman's Division.
105. Rev. W. Neal Raver, chairman, social action committee, New Jersey Con-
ference.
106. Rev. Ensworth Reisner, pastor, Milwaukee, Wis.
107. Dr. Lloyd H. Rising, University Methodist Church, Lincoln, Nebr.
108. Miss Miriam V. Ristine, executive secretary, bureau of social welfare,
Woman's Division of Christian Service, New York.
[Methodist Federation for Social Service, 1947 ballot, p. 3]
109. Dr. John Rustin, Mount Vernon Place Methodist Church, Washington, D. C.
110. Rev. Don Schooler, Epworth Methodist Church, Chickasha, Okla.
111. Dr. Harvey Seifert, professor, Graduate School of Religion, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles.
112. Rev. Claude Singleton, director, Wesley Foundation, University of Georgia,
Athens.
113. Dr. W. A. Smart, professor, Candler School of Theology, Emory University,
Georgia.
114. Prof. Huston Smith, Washington University, St. Louis, Mo.
115. Mr. Chester A. Smith, executive committee member, New York Conference,
MFSA.
116. Rev. Eugene L. Smith, St. Mark's Methodist Church, Brooklyn, N. Y.
117. Rev. Kenneth Smith, Colorado Springs ; executive committee member, Colo-
rado Conference MFSA.
118. Rev. Vaughn Smith, director, Wesley Foundation, University of Oklahoma,
Norman.
119. Dr. Ralph Sockman, Christ Methodist Church, New York City.
120. Rev. Elgar Soper, New Windor, Md. ; president, Baltimore and Washington,
D. C, MFSA chapters.
121. Rev. Carl Soule, World Peace Commission, Chicago, 111.
122. Miss Martha Stewart, secretary-treasurer, Texas Conference MFSA.
123. Miss Elizabeth Stinson, Macon, Ga.
124. Rev. Everett M. Stowe, Committee on Friendly Relations Among Foreign
Students, New York City.
125. Dr. Samuel H. Sweeney, St. Mark's Methodist Church, New York City.
126. Rev. Daniel Taylor, Methodist pastor, Vancouver, Wash.
127. Dr. Joseph W. Thompson, St. Joseph, Mo.
128. Rev. D. W. Throckmorton, pastor, Modesto, Calif.
129. Rev. Dr. Ernest F. Tittle, First Methodist Church, Evanston, 111.
130. Rev. Frank Toothaker, pastor, Oakland, Calif.
131. Dr. Edgar M. Wahlberg, pastor, Dearborn, Mich.; chairman, MFSA labor
commission.
132. Dr. Harry F. Ward, professor emeritus of social ethics, Union Theological
Seminary; former secretary, MFSA.
133. Rev. Bradford G. Webster, pastor, Gowanda, N. Y.
134. Mr. Charles E. Wegner, executive secretary, Goodwill Industries, St. Paul,
Minn.
135. Rev. Wilson Weldon, Methodist pastor, High Point, N. C.
136. Rev. Bruce Wendt, Methodist pastor, Cincinnati, Ohio.
137. Mr. Paul Wengert, farmer, Idaho Falls, Idaho.
138. Dr. John Clark Williams, pastor, Sabina, Ohio.
139. Rev. Morgan Williams, First Methodist Church, Kankakee, 111.
140. Dr. R. S. Wimberley, attorney at law, Lumpkin, Ga., officer, South Georgia
Conference MSFA.
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3763
141. Dr. Loyd Worley, First Methodist Church, Stanford, Conn.
142. Rev. Nelson Wurgler, Methodist pastor, Marfa, Tex.
Youth Members :
143. Mr. Robert F. Barker, vice president, Wesley Foundation, Ohio University.
144. Mr. Robert Bobilin, Adrian College, Michigan, former chairman, youth
section, MFSA.
145. Mrs. Dorothy Burnham, Southern Negro Congress, Birmingham.
146. Mr. George Crawford, founder, Austin local chapter, Texas.
147. Miss Helen Crotwell, teacher, Fort Valley, Ga.
148. Mr. Robert Eddy, president, Troy Conference MFSA; New York.
149. Mr. Harry Jurey, former chairman, young adult fellowship, East Oklahoma
Conference; now in California.
150. Mr. Richard Stein, Yale University, New Haven, Conn.
The minimum annual contribution for voting membership is $5 for adults and
I for youths (25 years of age or under).
I vote for all nominees except where otherwise indicated.
(Signature)
(Address),
(City) (State)
[Methodist Federation for Social Service, 1947 ballot, p. 4]
3764
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
I TWENTY
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 34
Y fc A K S OF SOCIAL
SERVICE j
Cije ffletijofctait JeUcratton for foetal ^crbue
HO FTFTH AVENUE. Nl W YORK aTY
NATIONAL uimmii 111
'• TITHE. rk«,»«
BROMLEY o«NAM
P. W. ADAM5. Sp.»,IWJ. U«
O. %', AUMAN. d.. w
HAY ALLLN. Hwi.ll. N. Y.
M. P. BURN*. pVLU,.,.
t M BUi.UFP. Mmn.^»U
KING I) utAl H. Ch«.»>
DAN BKUMM1TI. n„v.
»TELLA » RRUMMITT. Ik*
FJ.TIHR BKIRSIKRi;. IP,,.,,,,
' O KVX. I„.w
E- W. BLAKEMAN. rViL.1., Ol
W. C BARCLAY. Ck».»,
JAMES I: BARER. UiK.n.. Ill
<JEO. A. <OE. Ulnvhia. fy
* E IXfTENDORIER. N<. Yot
EOW. T. DEVINE. W^,„j,«
0. F. DIET ENDORF. E Oca.. N J
E. P. DENNETT. Sn (.«.«,
A. I. DAY. F.i.K.,1,
P. C. EBINCER. Ou C.il. 10
P. B. FISHER. IrJ^
R V. GRAHAM. Ciuur.. In.
W. I. ;. CRATZ. Ckoo
W. M. GILBERT. M,d*c. N. I
A. A. HB8T. rvnrt.
PAW. HUTCHINSON. Caaaaa
1. O. HARTMAN. Boaoa
H. 8. HAMILTON. Baa. I<M.
E. t. HAMMOND. Un>. Om.
HASSLU HORTON. ULi BJ«T IH
A. W. HARRIS. N<w Y«i
C P. HARGRAVES. Lavaa.
/RANK KINGDOM. Laa«a«. 1_
LOUISA UTIEL. VkWt. Oka
J. C LAZENSY. Mih**.
I. W. LANGOALE, BraoUr»
H. R. UXXXXX. Nn> Tart
ISM LACKLRN. Ml**. M-»
a I. LACKLAND. McaKOW. Pa.
AMY LEWS. Mr. Ten.
V. Ft McKASTEt. ABImo. Ob.
MARY VkSOWKU, CUo*»
M H. MEYER. Mr. Tart
A. I MOWOHR. iMk ML IW
ED*/. LAIRD MILU. rartUnJ, Cm
1. R MACEE. Bare*
a N. McGHJ, Saab
p. m. mm Nc y»»
O. T. OLSON. Bakloan
EARL ROADMAN. MtcMI. « D
W. j. SHERMAN. So. F>M»e.
V. I. SPAUUXMO. BVlnq,. Ha
C. D. SKINNER, Tato. oil.
V L. (TIDCZR. * in c« F
SCOT I TUCKER, Cduada*
W. P. TMRKIELD. d - M1
WORTH M. TIPPY. N™ Tort
L. K. VtLLMAN. WilaerBerre. Pa
HERBERT WELCH. Korea
V. O. WARD. Hamiolai
IAMB M YARD. Nr* York
i^NNIVKKSAKY CELEBRATION
KEYNOTE:
OBJECTIVES.
Face luuca Back tht Federation!
Every M.ihcdm miniHei oho know, that the religion
of Jesus require, the transformation ol human toady,
a •upporttOR mrrobef.
• BuUn
At least om by
turf, but wanu to know,
i cvrfv local cKur^h
EXECUTIVE
f J M.CONNfll
H F. RAIL
CrORCL ELLIOTT
HERBERT N SHENTOM
RALPH B LTRMY
TREASURE*
GILBERT Q LaSOURD
SECRETARIES
HARRY P. WARD
WINIFRED I. CHAFPCU
October 24. 1928.
. u*kM.
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3765
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 35
June 9, 1>47
Bishop Lewis 0. Hartman
681 Bay le ton Streut
Bos too 16, Massachusetts
i'y dear Bishop Hartman s
I regret exceedingly that I »u*t resign as a
vice president of the Methodist Federation for Sooial
Action. Through the years, the bulletin of the Methodist
Federation for social Action hae boan justly proud of its
aoouraoy* People night disagree with its position, but
it was vary seldom that its statement of fact oould be
questioned. The larger bulletin, carrying artiolea,
editorials, and personal viewpoints, actually does not
lend itself to the research aoouraoy that character ited
the former bulletin* However, the recent attaoka upon
Mr. John Foster pullea, Martin Nlemoeller, and others,
have been of auoh a nature that I do not care to hove my
name appear aa one of the officers of the organization
sponsoring these attacks*
I mad© public refer once to the situation at
the banquet of thu Methodist Federation for Social
Aotion held at the New York Bast Conference* I recog-
nise the right of anyone to atate hie views, but regret
exceedingly that a Christian leader such as Mr* Dulles
should be ao attacked witliout so much as a ooumunication
being written to him or a conference being sought to
test the accuracy of the position taken* I had planned
to withhold ay resignation until I hou opportunity to
oheck all of the material upon which those who were
responsible for thia attack baaed their opinions. How-
ever,, when a second article comes out, quoting William
Howard llelish, it appears that the policy of the paper
is to continue its attaok upon Mr* Dulles without, us
I say, so much as calling upon hi© or seeking first-
hand to know at least his side of the oase. 1 wish to
diaassoolate myself with thia method, and therefore an
resigning as an officer of the Federation*
Ever sincerely yom a.
C* Bromley Oxnan
OBOisdr
co The Rev. Jack R* MoMiohael
3766
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 36
132 (4) Manh 3. 1931,
The Epwobth Herais
Young rhurrh fellows of draff age
most deridt something when ««r
break* oui. I **? when rather than ■/.
for though the pending war could even
vet be Mopped if enough people Hid
the neee*»ary thing about it, the fact
is that lo-dav the peaee forces are do-
ing almost nothing, while the war
makers are a* busy as beet and the
forees that make for war are running
forward headlong.
In general these youth have four
choices instead of two as most of them
think. First they can conform, yield
lo the draft, plav the game of the war
makers, be cannon fodder, get shot or
gassed or blinded or delegged or He-
armed — but, if possible, beat "the
enemy** to it and shoot, gas, blind, de-
arm the fellows on the other side first.
In the second place, they can be
conscientious objectors and go to
prison. A few score did that during
the World War; a few hundred or
thousand will do it next time. That
takes even more courage than to go
over the top. It takes just as much
physical courage— the C O.'s (Conscien-
tious Objectors) in some prisons dur-
ing the World War were subjected lo
extremely cruel treatment. And, in
addition, it takes moral courage of a
type and degree impossible in peaee
time to measure or comprehend. When
■he country is suddenly set toward war
—when movie by persuasive picture
and radio by persuasive voice, when the
press, the pulpit, the schoolroom, the
conversation of all the people, the en-
ticements of the blonde or the brunette
beauty, are for "patriotism." for de-
fense of one's country, for bayoneting
the enemy, what unspeakably dear
thinking and brave doing it takes to
be i C. O.!
If the fellow's parents are with him
it help* some— unless the burden of
having them held traitors offsets the
help it gives. His preacher must be
with him. If you will be a C O., in-
sist that your pastor stand back of you.
Our church has spoken. Just now, while
peace is still here, the tide in the church
is running pretty strongly in the direc-
tion of refusal to bear arms. Also In
the schools that point of view is get-
ting something more than a hearing-
Several Methodist youth at this very
hour are forfeiting their greatly de-
aired college course*, because they re-
A DECISION MUST BE
MADE!
Br WINIFRED L. CHAPPELL
Secretary, Methodint Federation
for Social Service
fun* preparation lo participate in the
war game. In at least one or two of
our universities some student* and fac-
ulty members are preparing to see to
It that the resources of the public speak-
ing, the literature, the chemical, and
technological departments are not used
for war, not, at least, without the public
knowing all about il. In Creat Britain
the famous Oxford Union has publicly
stated that it will not, in the event of
war, defend king and country.
But now a third choice, hardly ao
much as even heard of during the
World War, appears in this, possibility:
Stay out of jail-*-why thus separate
yourself from the masses? Why thus
let yourself be put out of the game?
Accept the draft, take the drill, go into
the camps and onto the battlefield, or
Into the munition-) factories and trans-
portation work— hut sabotage war
preparations and war. Be agitators for
eabotage. Down tool« when the order
is lo make and load munitions. Spoil
war materials and machinery.
If, thinking realistically of this third
way, you shrink violently back because
you sec that it means deceit, lies, by
word and deed, the an«wer Is that if
*ou choose the first way, the "honor-
able" way of patriotism, then also will
you have to lie and deceive— that's part
of war. Nor will you wholly escape
these ungodly practices if you make
the second choice. Very likely, for in-
stance, you will bo called on to give
evidence against other C. O.V Will vou
do it or will you lie in their behalf?
The fourth choice Is really a farther
development of the third. Il calls for
sabotage but with the deliberate, con-
scious, informed intent to get rid of
the present economic system, of which
war is a part, and to build a new world
10 the existence of which peace is a
necessity.
If you will make this choice, make
11 now and begin to meet, before war
breaks, with others of like purpose and
of Iron will to carry out the purpose.
This means knowing what selfish
capitalism is like, not just in general,
but in particular — not flinching even
from knowing by name and specific
Heed the big profit takers who have be-
trayed the people — how they havo
profited from the starvation 'of chil-
dren; how they have called upon police
and militia, club and gas bomb and
machine gun to put down the worker*
when they have cried for bread.
And il is not enough to know about
capitalism. Also you mnot know with
mind and emotion and will to achieve,
the kind of new society you want.
Those who would build the new world
must look with wide, appraising eyes at
the good earth's resources and at man's
brilliant achievements in converting the
resources into u»able and beautiful
forms, and al man's organizational
power and knowledge to transport ihe
things garnered and made to meet the
needs of the remotest people*. They
must want desperately that all the peo-
ples of the world should be set free
forever from poverty and given a
chance al culture, beauty and spiritu-
ality.
Youth In the Christian church must
wake up, or they are not going to be
the leaders in the programs here de-
scribed. We church folk are gelling
little or no teaching or' training in the
hard matter of turning Ihe war situa-
tion, when it is here, into a deliberate
program for a new social order. It is
well, then, for Ihe fellows who are ear-
marked for cannon fodder and for
aiming their targets (largeU being a
soft word for the most diabolical equip-
ment for killing that an age of science
and technology can devise) al the boys
in the enemy camp, to begin lo make
contact with others with ihe same Ideals,
and begin to study these possibilities—
and others yon may think of — In the
light of Christian teaching*.
High ideals will give zest to ihe lask
— but il is a grim way. Perhaps church
boy» (and though I write of boy*, the
girls have almost precisely Ihe same
choices lo moke) are right In thinking
that for them there are bul two choices
— war or jail.
(Editor** Note: 4a in the cat* of the
article* by Al Hamilton and Ouvn Ceer
in "Thm Herald" for February 17. brief
repliet to thit article* for or against, tcill
be welcomed and printed.)
Mr. Kunzig. There are a few other things. On May 29, 1947, you
sent a letter which is marked here as "Oxnam Exhibit No. 38." (See
pp. 3774 and 3775.) I believe you sent a letter to "Dear Fellow
Workers" of the board of missions and church extension of the Meth-
odist Church, in which you sent out a book. Since you have discussed
this fairly recently, I think you know the book to which I am referring.
It is Behind Soviet Power, by Jerome Davis.
( Colloquy that ensued was ordered stricken from the record by the
committee.)
Mr. Kunzig. I would like to offer in evidence as Oxnam Exhibit No.
39 the record of Communist- front affiliations of Jerome Davis which
occupies some 11 pages [typewritten] here, 10 or 11 pages, and I would
like to offer that in the record.
Mr. Frazier. May I inquire as to the pertinency of the introduction
of that particular article ?
Mr. Doyle. I would like to raise this point; if it is material that
the first question and the answer with reference to Mr. Davis be
stricken, might it not be well to keep this out of the record until some-
one checks to know what the fact is ?
ffllBIT NO. 37
On t he 250th onniversory of
t he birth of John Wesley, his
church's founder, a leading
Methodist clergyman outlines
a sound new program that tells
How to Uncover
without throwing mud on innocent people. Here is a
nd pr
He Has a Program to Protect Us All
. . . from (olse attacks on our reputations. Yet Bishop Oxnam (above) says: Communist
conspirators must be discovered, tried, and if guilty, punished.
y>,OMMUNISM is a I
M danger. It constitutes the most men-
I acing challenge to freedom and faith
X^>4 of recent centuries.
Governments of free societies are
obligated to protect themselves from subver-
sion That the Communist Party i
spiracy, no informed man would den
spirators must be discovered, tried, and. if
found guilty, punished.
That is plain truth.
Congress has the right and the duty to con-
duct investigations to secure the information
upon which sound legislation may be based.
Upon this, nearly all Americans are agreed.
t But we dare not. in the name o; combatting
Communism, allow the practices 0/ trie police
state to be established in our free state
Some investigating committees have set up
or condoned practices that strike at the very
foundation of American freedom.
The "files " on individuals prepared by its
staff for the House Committee on Un-
11 point.
Thej are not made up of evidence collected
irs They are cora-
tuo often, of newspaper clippings.
letterheads, or mere hea I
It Could Happen to You
Such files are released yet the Committee
.illty for their ac-
Ime ■ re-
quotlne from the House Cornmittei
American Actii
^ Thusan r interviewed, never
the pub:., ' tally released, but
•"> respon-
, un-American, and a threat to the
liberty of each of US. (Suppose it happened
to you])
Can we I
American citizen (rum
We must What good does it do to cry out
;.. totalitarian thre 1 freedom II
munist could want eeusdivided,
:,/ trust, tearful, defensive
What can be done?
Some time ago the Chairman ol the House
Committee mi tin-Ami 1
Harold Velde, ol Illlnol asked me to propose
Communists
By Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam
OF THE METHODIST CHURCH
'must" article for every American man and woman . .
■
to do vitally lm] i
^ To provide the concrete, factual informa-
tion our Government must have to
and
■
ay which could not
■
I let me ui
feet
any organ!:
2. But suppose the person has belonged to
i hen . . .
■
■
■
■
■
■
Always Give Both Sides
3. i '
4. :
■ ■ reli
5.
■ ■
...
■
■
■
tal Informa-
i putatlon i que -
■
■
■
Cerent thii
■
amounts to
■
Would This Destroy Inquiries?
Kit Claidy, of M ■
would
■
■
■
1 . The i
turned i FBI.
2. We
■
. ■ ■ ■
■
munlsl ■
3. Thi Ch Mi. ) e ol i iur mo. i effective
in teach-
■
men and '■■ ■
be i per
form 'in
4. Our
competent d teachers,
■ lamental wall ol > li
■
■
5 '
■
end the C
6 the American radio
■
7
■
Men like these can do the job:
BISHOP SHEEN, ofi oth
olic Church, is top eleriea
foe of Reds (see story)
REINHOLD NIE8UHR
SIDNEY HOOK, of New
York University, shows
holes in Reds' arguments.
AS APPEARING IN
^ 41
THE SUNDAY PICTURE MAGAZINE
1*3620 0-5b (F.ee p. 3766) Ho. 2
:
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3767
Mr. Clardy. For your information, Mr. Doyle, may I point out
that Jerome Davis was identified by two witnesses. That I know.
Mr. Doyle. All I know, Mr. Clardy, is that we have withdrawn,
we have stricken from the record about Mr. Davis being a Commu-
nist. And if this record tries to tie him up, even indirectly, with
being a Communist and if we had to strike the reference the first time
maybe we had better keep this out until we know what the fact is.
Mr. Jackson. Since that remark was stricken, the gentleman from
Michigan has indicated that there are two identifications of the indi-
vidual in question as a member of the Communist Party. That is
quite a different thing from the somewhat indefinite, to me, mention
that was made which I requested to have stricken.
Mr. Doyle. Well, of course, if those identifications are from reli-
able witnesses, unimpeachable testimony, that is another thing. I
don't know what that testimony is, nor the reliability of the witness.
Mr. Jackson. May I ask the gentleman from Michigan if those
identifications were taken from witnesses under oath ?
Mr. Clardy. In the New York hearing. Mr. Scherer will vouch
for my accuracy, and you will find it in the testimony which will be
released.
Mr. Velde. Is there objection to the introduction of the public files
concerning Jerome Davis?
Mr. Doyle. What have the files about Jerome Davis got to do with
this witness?
Mr. Velde. Does the gentleman object?
Mr. Doyle. I do not want to impede the efficiency of the commit-
tee, but I don't know what pertinency it has to this witness.
Mr. Velde. Will the gentleman answer? Does he object to the
introduction of this public file ?
Mr. Doyle. Well, of course, the chairman is in a position to state
what the pertinency is. I don't know, but it seems to me that unless
this witness is being tied in with Jerome Davis in some way, why
encumber the record with the record of Jerome Davis ? That is my
point.
Mr. Clardy. May I state that Mr. Doyle was not present at the
hearings in New York and could not be expected to know because the
testimony is not yet in printed form. It is in typewritten form.
Mr. Doyle. I was not invited to go to New York. I do not want to
have it shown that I was expected to be there. May I ask the gentle-
man from Michigan a question ?
Mr. Vei.de. Are you reserving the right to object?
Mr. Doyle. I reserve the right to object and ask this question : Does
the testimony in New York show that Bishop Oxnam in some definite
way is tied up with Jerome Davis ?
Mr. Clardy. I did not make any suggestion of that kind at all.
We are talking about whether Jerome Davis had been identified as a
member of the party and I give you my word he has.
Mr. Doyle. Then why introduce that with this witness ?
Mr. Clardy. I think we will get to that when counsel gets along.
Mr. Velde. Does the gentleman object to the introduction of this ?
Mr. Doyle. I think I do at this time until some satisfactory state-
ment as to whether it should go in is made.
Mr. Scherer. I move that it be put in the record.
Mr. Clardy. I second the motion.
3768 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
Mr. Velde. All those in favor signify by saying "Aye"; all those
contrary signify by saying "No." The ayes have it and the motion
is carried.
Proceed, Mr. Kunzig.
Mr. Kunzig. This should be marked as "Oxnam Exhibit No. 39,"
Mr. Chairman.
(Document referred to was received in evidence as "Oxnam Exhibit
No. 39.")
(See pp. 3780-3788.)
Mr. Kunzig. Mr. Chairman, this letter dated May 29, 1947, from
the Board of Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Church,
signed G. Bromley Oxnam and R. E. Dilfendorfer says :
Dear Fellow Workers : The extraordinary statement issued by the Federal
Council of the Churches of Christ in America entitled "Soviet-American Rela-
tions" begins with the striking sentence, "War with Russia can be avoided and
must be avoided without compromise of basic convictions." Furthermore, the
rapid spread of Russian influence throughout the world is a most significant
challenge to the World Mission of Christ.
There is a moral obligation to become acquainted with the facts involved in
our present relationships with Russia. Too much of the material that appears
is partisan. Wise policies do not emerge from emotional reactions unrelated
to facts.
As a Methodist minister
And this was sent to Methodist ministers, to continue :
As a Methodist minister you and your people are having increasing influence
in shaping public opinion in the Nation. We are of the opinion that Jerome
Davis' recent book entitled "Behind Soviet Power" makes a substantial con-
tribution to understanding of Russia. It shoidd be read in conjunction with
other authoritative volumes, particularly in connection with the Federal Council
of the Churches of Christ's statement referred to above, as well as with Vera
Micheles Dean's discussion in the July-August 1946 Headline Series of the
Foreign Policy Association, entitled "Russia — Menace or Promise?"
In order that our national policy may be at once democratic and Christian the
reading of "Behind Soviet Power" will help you to understand the difficult issues
now confronting us to the end that international peace may be preserved and
progress be made toward world order under the United Nations.
"Behind Soviet Power" is sent to you without obligation. If, however, you
desire to help defray the expense of getting the book to you, please put a quarter
in the enclosed coin card and mail it at once to Dr. Albert E. Beebe, treasurer,
150 Fifth Avenue, New York 11, N. Y.
"Very sincerely yours,
(Signed) G. Bromley Oxnam,
President, Division of Foreign Missions.
(Signed) R. E. Diffendorfeb,
Executive Secretary.
P. S. Additional copies of "Behind Soviet Power" may be secured at whole-
sale rates by writing to Jerome Davis, 489 Ocean Avenue, West Haven, Conn.
Did you send that book to the Methodist ministers throughout the
country ?
Bishop Oxnam. If you will rephrase that question, I will answer it
in the affirmative. When you ask "Did you send it?" I did not. This
was sent by the order of the administrative committee of the Board of
Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Church. I was the
president of the Division of Foreign Missions and did send that letter.
It was actually sent by the board itself. I must take responsibility as
I was president of the board and did sign the letter, but when you use
the term "you sent it," I have to say it was sent by the Board of Mis-
sions and Church Extension of the Methodist Church.
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3769
Mr. Velde. Would you describe the composition of that committee
which decided to send this book out? There isn't any inference that
any of those members of the committee are subversive.
Bishop Oxnam. The Board of Missions and Church Extension of
the Methodist Church is charged with the responsibility of admin-
istering the entire missionary program of the Methodist Church
throughout the world. It is one of the most important agencies of
the Methodist Church. It is supported by the benevolent funds of the
Methodist Church. Its members are chosen by the general conference
of the Methodist Church and certain other agencies under the law of
the church. The executive committee is very large, composed I think
of possibly as many as 150 or 175 persons.
The administrative committee is charged with deciding administra-
tive actions rather than policy actions. It meets about once a month.
1 would judge there may be as many as 30 members on the administra-
tive committee. Have I answered your question, sir?
Mr. Velde. Yes, I think that is an answer except that I would like
to know in this particular matter where this book was O. K.'d, how
many were present?
Bishop Oxnam. I cannot answer that, sir. I was not present myself.
Mr. Scherer. May I see the exhibit, counsel ?
Mr. Kunzig. The exhibit so far is not in evidence. It is the letter,
Oxnam Exhibit No. 38, Mr. Scherer.
Mr. Jackson. Mr. Chairman, may I ask a question?
Mr. Velde. Mr. Jackson.
Mr. Jackson. Do you know upon whose recommendation this par-
ticular book was selected?
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, 1 do.
Mr. Jackson. Which individual selected the book — or was it a
matter of a subcommittee selection?
Bishop Oxnam. Dr. Ralph E. Diffendorfer, who was the executive
secretary of the division of foreign missions, a gentleman who was
responsible for founding the International University, a Christian
university, in Japan, generally regarded as one of the ablest mission-
aries of the last generation, and who is dead now, said he thought it
would be well for our people to understand the challenge to our faith
that lies in the whole Communist movement. He felt this book would
make a contribution to it. Methodist preachers know how to read
books and can read critically. I said that I thought if this book went
out it ought to be accompanied by the statement, at least by the state-
ment that was issued by the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in
America on American-Soviet relations. I had chaired that committee
that had drafted this statement. It is no secret, however, that it was
written by Mr. John Foster Dulles. We went over it sentence by
sentence. Very few changes were made or are ever made in anything
that Mr. Dulles drafts because he is extraordinarily effective in those
matters. That particular statement contains one of the severest con-
demnations of communism that I think you will find. It is an intel-
lectual condemnation of communism.
I suggested that other books might be sent and we agreed upon this
one of Vera Micheles Dean of the Foreign Policy Association. We
thought it an excellent document.
Mr. Kunzig. I don't think you sent Vera Micheles Dean's book.
You just recommended that they might get it.
4::620— 54 13
3770 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
Bishop Oxnam. I am not quite sure.
Mr. Kunzig. That is what the letter says.
Mr. Clardy. Did I understand you to say that you regard this as a
good book and one that did not defend Russia ?
Bishop Oxnam. What I said was that we regarded that as an excel-
lent factual presentation of a situation by a competent scholar, and I
would repeat that, sir.
Mr. Clardy. Have you read it ?
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, of course I have read it.
Mr. Clardy. And I have read it and I have extensive notes and I
regard it as one of the most arrogant pro- Communist statements that
I have been privileged to read.
Bishop Oxnam. You are expressing your judgment and it differs
from the judgment of some of the people, qualified people in this
Nation on foreign issues and the Foreign Policy Association.
May I ask, Mr. Chairman, what is the point of that?
Mr. Velde. Counsel will proceed.
Mr. Doyle. May I ask one question so that I will understand the
counsel's question. What was the connection of John Foster Dulles
with this book or letter ?
Bishop Oxnam. I said that the statement that we sent out accom-
panying this, that statement went out with the book, if I recall cor-
rectly, and that was the statement of the Federal Council of Churches
of Christ in America on "Soviet- American Relations." It was pre-
pared by a large and representative commission. But I said it was no
secret that Mr. John Foster Dulles had written it, that it contains an
intellectual condemnation of communism that is very, very significant,
and the whole point of that, Mr. Chairman, has been completely mis-
represented.
Our reason was to let our ministers know what the challenge of
communism is in terms of what I may frankly say is a sympathetic
presentation of the point of view to understand what is behind Soviet
power.
Mr. Kunzig. May I go ahead, Mr. Chairman ?
Mr. Velde. Proceed.
Mr. Kunzig. I want to make one point clear since there may be
some confusion. You are not suggesting that Mr. Dulles sent out
this book ?
Bishop Oxnam. No.
Mr. Kunzig. Let us make that very clear.
Bishop Oxnam. I have made that clear.
Mr. Clardy. Make it clear that he did not send out the book or
approve the book.
Mr. Velde. Will you answer the question ? Did John Foster Dulles
have anything to do with the book ?
Bishop Oxnam. No, and I particularly made that statement when
I discussed the matter with Mr. Jackson.
Mr. Clardy. I am sorry. I didn't get that at that time.
Mr. Kunzig. I have a document marked "Oxnam Exhibit No. 40"
for identification, and this document is a bibliography on the Soviet
Union for teachers and students. It says it is a list of sources of
supplementary teaching materials. It is put out by the committee on
education of the National Council of American-Soviet Friendship,
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3771
Inc. There is no need to go further except to say that this is a cited
Communist-front organization.
Mr. Chairman, on page 3 of the supplement attached to the bibli-
ography and recommended as reading for teachers and students by
the National Council of American-Soviet Friendship is quoted "Rus-
sia, Menace or Peace"' and "By Vera Dean, Foreign Policy Association,
1946." (See pp. 3788 and 3789.)
Would you care to examine that, sir ?
Bishop Oxnam. What does it say? I have here a book "Behind
Soviet Power" by Jerome Davis and it has the numbers DK 2626 D299.
It is in the Congressional Library. Are you recommending that we
take it out and throw it into the street? This Congress is appropri-
ating the funds for that book to be there.
Mr. Kunzig. Nobody is recommending that, but we are wondering
why you sent this to all the Methodist ministers throughout the United
States of America.
Bishop Oxnam. I will be glad to tell you if you will let me.
Mr. Jackson. I think the reason was explained because you wanted
to give them this viewpoint or a viewpoint so that they could study
the material in relation with other material.
Bishop Oxnam. We wanted them to see the real menace of this
situation in terms of a sympathetic statement of the case.
I would like, if you will allow me, to have put in the record Dr.
Ralph E. Diffendorfer's full explanation of this which will answer
your question once and for all.
This book is recommended by John R. Mott, one of the distinguished
laymen of the church ; by Grove Patterson, editor of the Toledo Blade ;
Daniel A. Poling, 18 the editor of the Christian Herald ; Raymond Gram
18 (The following is inserted as a footnote by the committee :)
Christian Herald Magazine
Published by Christian Herald Association
The Leading Christian Family Magazine
27 East 39th Street, New York 16, N. Y.
Daniel A. Poling, Chairman and Editor
February 19, 1954.
The Honorable Harold H. Velde,
United States Congressman,
House of Representatives, Washington, D. C.
My Dear Congressman Velde : My attention has just been called to a paragraph in the
testimony of Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam in the public hearing before the House Committee
on Un-American Activities, July 21, 1953. Though I had read this report with some care,
I had missed the point in question.
Bishop Oxnam is testifying in the matter of the book. Behind Soviet Power, by Jerome
Davis. In this connection he asked that "Dr. Ralph E. Diffendorfer's full explanation" be
put into the record, and continues as of the report : "This is recorded by Dr. John R. Mott,
one of the distinguished laymen of the church, by Grove Patterson, editor of the Cleve-
land Blade ; David A. Poling, the editor of the Christian Herald : Raymond Gram Swing,
a well-known newscaster ; Raymond Robbiss, colonel, commanding American Red Cross
Mission to Russia. They were all on the board at the time we saw the document."
It is true that I recommended this book and that my words of commendation were widely
published. I have also expressed publicly my deep regret at having done so. Also I have
confessed that I spoke in commendation of this book without even reading the manuscript.
When my long-time and highly regarded friend, Dr. Diffendorfer, wrote to me of the book
and told me of plans to circulate It widely, and assured me that it was a manuscript I
would wish to support, I supported it. It was some years later that I actually read the
book and found it to be, in my opinion, a belittling of and an attack on American freedom
and the institutions of our way of life. I am not to be excused for mv endorsement of the
Jerome Davis book. But I learned my lesson well. I would not care to have Bishop
Oxnam's statement appear in the final record without this explanation. Also, and equally
important, is the fact that I was not a member of the board to which he refers, and I am
sure that he did not wish to imply that I was a member.
In various statements I have committed myself to the proposition that if I and others
do not wish now to be judged by past relationships and statements, we should frankly
state our withdrawal from such relationships and make abundantly clear our present-day
position.
I am sending a copy of this letter to Bishop Oxnam.
Sincerely,
/s/ Daniel A. Poling.
3772 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
Swing, a well-known newscaster; Raymond Robbins, colonel com-
manding American Red Cross mission to Russia. They were all on
the back at the time we saw the document.
Mr. Velde. What would you like to have inserted ?
Bishop Oxnam. This statement of Dr. Ralph E. Diffendorfer, who
cosigned this and was the executive secretary of the board of missions
and church extension of the Methodist Church, explaining the whole
matter be put into the record, because I think it is sufficient answer.
Mr. Velde. The committee will receive it for insertion in the record.
(See Oxnam exhibit No. 38-A, pp. 3776-3779.)
Mr. Jackson. What was the date of the citation, Mr. Kunzig, of
the National Council of American-Soviet Friendship, if you have it?
Mr. Kunzig. The National Council of American-Soviet Friendship
Mas declared subversive in 1944. (See footnote 1 on p. 3601.)
Mr. Jackson. What was the date ?
Mr. Kunzig. Of the publication of the book, Russia — Menace or
Peace, by Vera Micheles Dean ?
Mr. Jackson. Yes.
Mr. Kunzig. That was published in 1946.
Mr. Jackson. In other words, it is 2 or 3 years following the citing
of the National Council of American-Soviet "Friendship in 1944. This
was included in their bibliography for teachers and students, is that a
correct statement ?
Mr. Kunzig. Yes, sir.
Bishop Oxnam. It should be pointed out that at this particular
time the Secretary of State of the United States of America in the 18
months of his service traveled some 70,000 miles for the purpose of
maintaining what was called the grand alliance of the great war, try-
ing to keep together the permanent members of the Security Council.
At this very time that was what was being done by the Government
of the United States of America. I could defend this book upon
an entirely different basis. I do not want to do it because our pur-
pose was not that. Our purpose was, frankly, to acquaint our people
with the challenge that does lie in communism to our faith, but this
matter of not noting dates and of recommending that a book appears
in somebody else's bibliography, really it doesn't become us.
Mr. Jackson. Might I ask you if the National Council of American-
Soviet Friendship would recommend a book that was not sympathetic
and in accord with the Soviet foreign policy ?
Bishop Oxnam. I think it would recommend a book because it be-
lieved it was telling the truth concerning the facts there. I would
recommend a book that tells the truth. I believe that was a good book.
I may be wrong. Mr. Clardy feels that there are items in it, and per-
haps we can discuss it when we will have our conversation.
Mr. Clardy. Are you talking about the Vera Micheles Dean book ?
Bishop Oxnam. Yes.
Mr. Clardy. I want to tell you that when they defend what she does,
the handling of human beings in Russia
Bishop Oxnam. What?
Mr. Clardy. The way they have handled human beings in Russia,
I think when you read that you must keep that in mind.
Mr. Velde. May we proceed in regular order and question the wit-
ness on the subject matter on which we are inquiring?
Mr. Doyle. I want to make this one further remark, and I believe
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3773
it is pertinent. You have given the other members the chance to dis-
cuss books. I think from my personal experience we have had plenty
of talk about book burning in Washington and I hope that no member
of this committee is getting into a mental attitude of where we are
going to think in terms of book burning or book destruction. I think
it is very unfortunate that this kind of question should arise.
Mr. Clardy. You are not suggesting that that was in my mind, Mr.
Congressman?
Mr. Doyle. I think it is very unfortunate that this kind of ques-
tion comes up.
Mr. Clardy. Have you read the book ?
Mr. Doyle. No, but when John Foster Dulles and Mr. Mott recom-
mend it
Mr. Clardy. He didn't recommend it.
Mr. Kunzig. I should like to offer into evidence at this time Ox-
nam Exhibits Nos. 38 and 40, which we have just been discussing.
Exhibit No. 38 is the letter addressed to "Dear Fellow-Workers," and
exhibit No. 40 is the recommendation of the National Council of
American-Soviet Friendship.
Mr. Velde. Is there any objection? Without objection, they will
be admitted in the record.
(Documents referred to were received in evidence as Oxnam Ex-
hibit Nos. 38 and 40.)
3774 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 38
(Part 1)
Board of Missions and Church Extension
of The Methodist Church
ISO Fikth Avrwt/E new York II.N.Y.
Divthioi" ur Ponr.ioN Mis si
Dear Fellow-workers I
May 29, 1947
The extraordinary statement issued by the Federal Council of the Churches
of Christ in America entitled "Soviet-American Relations" begins with the striking
sentence, "War with Russia car. be avoided and must be avoided without compromise of
baslo convictions." Furthermore, the rapid spread of Russian Influence throughout
the world is a most slgnlfioant challenge to the World Mission of Christ.
There Is a moral obligation to beoorae acquainted with the faots involved
In our presort relationships with Russia. Too niuoh of the material that aorears is
partisan , lkise polioies do no.t emerge from emotional reactions unrelated to facts.
As a Methodist minister you and your people are having Increasing influ-
ence In shaping public opinion in the nation. We are of the opinion that Jerome
Davie's recent book entitled "Behind Soviet Power" makes a substantial contribution
to understanding of Russia. It should be read in conjunction with other authorita-
tive volumes, particularly in connection with the Federal Council of the Churches of
Christ's statement referred to above, as well as with Vera Michelss Dean's dlscus-
sion In the July-August 1946 Headline Series of the Foreign Policy Association,
entitled "Russia - Menace or Promise?"
In order that our national policy may be at once democratic and Christian
the reading of "Behind Soviet Power" will help you to understand the difficult Issues
now oonfrontlng us to the end that international peace may be preserved and progress
be made t©M»rd world order under the United Nations.
"Behind Soviet Power" Is sent to. you without obligation. If, however, you
desire to help defray the expense of getting the book to you, please put a quarter
in the enolosed ooin card and mall it at once to Dr. Albert B. Beebe, Treasurer,
160 Fifth Avenue, Mew York 11, N. Y.
yours,
on of foreign Missions
Executive Secret*
P. S. Additional ooples of "Behind. Soviet Power" may be secured at wholesale rates
by writing to Jerome Davis, 489 Ocean Avenue, West Haven, Conn.
A World Service Aobncy of The Methodist Church
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3775
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 3S
(Part 2)
"Behind Soviet Power"
A Review in Zion's Herald By Walter G. Uuelder, Dean of Boston
University, School of Theology
What does Russia mean to us in America? This is a question which
must be answered intelligently if we are to plan an intelligent foreign
policy. The peace of the whole world depends on what we do to and with
Russia. Jerome Davis' book is of inestimable value in relation to these
issues. His knowledge about and acquaintance with the Soviet Onion goes
back to its earliest days and before. As a man who has command of the
Russian language, Dr. Davis has been able to" penetrate through the "iron
curtain" of American linguistic ignorance and to participate in the drama
of Russian life on an intimate basis.
The book is rich in up-to-date concrete material. Facts, inci-
dents, events, biographical sketches, and interpretations of crises. It
is a significant survey of historical development and present realities.
In a fascinating and readable form, Dr. Davis outlines the problems and
prospects of a constructive and peaceful relationship with the Soviet
Union. Now that the situation with Russia has become so critical, it is
urgent that all Americans get a fresh understanding of the factors that
provide the key to resolving misunderstanding.
For Dr. Davis the key is primarily Stalin. This man should be un-
derstood if Russia is to be understood. "He symbolizes the wishes and as-
pirations of the masses of Russian people." It may be argued successfully
that too much of a role is assigned to Stalin in this book which deals
with the secret of Russian power. But certainly Stalin is the focus of
Russian economic and political purpose. If Mr. Davis' theses are right,
then American foreign policy needs fundamental revision. We are inclined
to believe that he is essentially correct. (By Jerome Davis, N. Y.:
The Readers Press, 1946)
A Comment by President W. J. Hutchins
"Your book ("Behind Soviet Power") is thrillingly interesting.
One sees the long, pathetic epic struggle of a great people. You speak
with authority and not as the numberless scribes. Your knowledge of the
language, your long and varied experience in Russia, your acquaintance
with the spiritual vernacular of the people fit you admirably to serve as
interpreter. Your sympathies do not blind you to the hardness and ruth-
lessness of certain acts, but you do help us to understand the reasons
behind the acts."
3776 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 3S-A
(Part 1)
THE REPLY
THE READER'S DIGEST
REFUSED TO PUBLISH
BY
BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
A gentle rejoinder to Stanley High's article
"Methodism's Pink Fringe"
To which is appended a statement
By Dr. Ralph E. Diffendorfer
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
3777
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 38-A
(Part 2)
STANLEY HIGH
AND "BEHIND SOVIET POWER"
Bv RALPH E. DIFFENDORFER
What did Dr. High say in his
article "Methodism's Pink Fringe"
regarding the distribution to Meth-
odist preachers of Jerome Davis's
book Behind Soviet Power? The
following are his words:
"Dr. Davis's book, Behind Soviet
Power, is one of the cleverest, most
all-out pro-Soviet books yet pub-
lished in America. It was sent, free
of charge, to all the 22,000 Method-
ist preachers in the United States
by two prominent Federation mem-
bers. With the book went a letter,
signed by these high officials, and
written on the official stationery of
the Methodist Board of Foreign
Missions and Church Extension,
recommending that the book be
read."
If written correctly (i.e. to give
the correct impression and if refer-
ence had been made to this distri-
bution at all in a "Pink Fringe"
article) the paragraph might have
been somewhat as follows:
"In his Foreword to Behind Soviet
Power, Dr. Davis says as the pur-
pose of his writing the book: 'It is
the job of every thinking, respon-
sible, American citizen to know
what Russia means for us.'
"In the introduction, Joseph E.
Davies, formerly Ambassador of the
United States to Russia, says: 'This
book contributes much to enlighten
public opinion. . . . Those who are
concerned with being honestly and
intelligently informed about our
ally, the Soviet Union . . . will find
much of value in it.'
"On the cover of the book are
endorsements by Dr. John R. Mott,
Grove Patterson, Editor of the
Toledo Blade, Dr. Daniel A. Poling,
Raymond Swing, and Col. Ray-
mond Robins. Dr. Mott says: 'It
is necessary, timely, fair-minded.
Should be read by all.' Dr. Poling
says: 'The most challenging and at
the same time most objective study
on Russia.' "
The book was sent free of charge
to all Methodist ministers on
authorization of the Administrative
Committee of the Division of For-
eign Missions of the Board of
Missions and Church Extension of
The Methodist Church. With -the
book went a letter signed by
(Bishop) G. Bromley Oxnam, Presi-
dent of the Division, and Ralph E.
Diffendorfer, Executive Secretary
of the Division, written on the
official stationery of the Board of
Missions and Church Extension of
The Methodist Church. This letter,
dated May 29, 1947, was as follows:
"The extraordinary statement
issued by the Federal. Council of
the Churches of Christ in America
entitled 'Soviet- American Rela-
tions' begins with the striking
sentence, 'War with Russia can
10
3778
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 38-A
(Part 3)
be avoided and must be avoided
without compromise of basic con-
victions.' Furthermore, the rapid
spread of Russian'influence through-
out the world is a most significant
challenge to the World Mission of
Christ.
"There is a moral obligation to
become acquainted with the facts
involved in our present relation-
ships with Russia. Too much of the
material that appears is partisan.
Wise policies do not emerge from
emotional reactions unrelated to
facts.
"As a Methodist minister you
and your people are having increas-
ing influence in shaping public
opinion in the nation. We are of
the opinion that Jerome Davis's
recent book entitled 'Behind Soviet
Power' makes a substantial contri-
bution to understanding of Russia.
It should be read in conjunction
with other authoritative volumes,
particularly in connection with the
Federal Council of the Churches
of Christ's statement referred to
above, as well as with Vera
Micheles Dean's discussion in the
July- August 1946 Headline Series
of the Foreign Policy Association,
entitled 'Russia — Menace or
Promise?'
"In order that our national policy
may be at once democratic and
Christian, the reading of 'Behind
Soviet Power' will help you to
understand the difficult issues now
confronting us to the end that
international peace may be pre-
served and progress be made toward
world order under the United
Nations."
A comparison of these two state-
ments makes necessary very
little additional comment. It
might be pointed out, however,
that the intent of sending out
Davis's book was just the opposite
from the implication given by
Dr. High.
It would appear in High's para-
graph that the book was recom-
mended to be read by Methodist
preachers because of its pro-Soviet
character and that the sending of
it was an endorsement of Sovietism
by these "high officials." Nothing
could be further from the truth.
The most significant statement
in the above letter is "... the
rapid spread of Russian influence
throughout the world is a most
significant challenge to the World
Mission of Christ." The word
"challenge" is well known in the
missionary world and it is always
used to indicate a force which
Christianity must take into account
and never indicates propaganda on
behalf of any point of view. For
instance, if one used the statement
that "Pan Islam is the greatest
challenge to Christianity in the
Middle East, Southern and South-
eastern Asia," no one would ever
think that the user of that sentence
was advocating the merits of Islam.
The meaning is quite the contrary.
It will be noted, also, that the
letter accompanying Dr. Davis's
book asks that other material be
read in connection with his book.
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
3779
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 38-A
(Part 4)
The statement of the Federal Coun-
cil was prepared by Dr. John Foster
Dulles and in one paragraph prac-
tically condemns communism.
Everyone is acquainted with the
point of view of the Foreign Policy
Association.
When Dr. High's article was
ready for publication a researcher
from the Reader's Digest called me
on the telephone and read what
Mr. High had written. She asked
my judgment on one or two mat-
ters. In this conversation I called
attention to the letter that was
sent with the book and begged
that, if reference was made to the
distribution of Behind Soviet Power,
the letter also should be published
and that comments should be made
on the statement "a most signifi-
cant challenge to the World Mission
of Christ." I further stated that
the appeal in the letter was to get
acquainted with the facts and that
there was no justification what-
soever for including this project in
anything that had to do with the
Methodist Federation of Social
Action. The intent of the distribu-
tion was to arouse Methodists to
the importance of understanding
Russian communism as a challenge
to Christianity.
The association of Bishop Oxnam
and myself, the signers of this
letter, with membership in the
Federation in connection with this
project was entirely uncalled for
because the Federation had abso-
lutely nothing to do with it. Both
Bishop Oxnam and myself later
resigned our membership in the
Federation. The letter regarding
the distribution of the Davis book
was dated May 29, 1947. I resigned
from the Federation on July 20,
1948, because of a difference of
opinion regarding the interpreta-
tion of an address I made before
the General Conference of The
Methodist Church in Boston in
May 1948. At that time^I advo-
cated the policy that all mission-
aries going into countries where
communism was an issue should
be trained in Russian ideology and
practices of communism so as to
be able to meet the issue intelli-
gently in their fields of labor. My
letter of resignation called the
comment of the Federation on this
speech "untrue and misleading"
and "treated flippantly my stand
on this matter in a manner entirely
uncalled for." In this letter of
resignation, I also objected to the
criticism of the address of Mr.
John Foster Dulles before the
same General Conference. The
Federation Bulletin reported Mr.
Dulles "as advancing the country
along the road to war." The fact
is, the speech of Mr. Dulles before
the General Conference was an
appeal to the world not to be
stampeded into war — just the
opposite of the Bulletin's inference.
Thus, any intelligent person can
see that Dr. High's use of the
sending of Davis's book in connec-
tion with his article on "Method-
ism's Pink Fringe," was entirely,
unwarranted.
12
3780 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 39
Information From the Files of the Committee on Un-American Activities,
United States House of Representatives
July 15, 1953.
Subject : Jerome Davis.
The public records, files, and publications of this committee contain the follow-
ing information concerning Jerome Davis. This report should not be construed
as representing the results of an investigation by this committee nor findings of
this committee. It should be noted that the individual referred to is not neces-
sarily a Communist, Communist sympathizer, or fellow-traveler unless otherwise
indicated.
In an article entitled "U. S. Union Visits to U. S. S. R., Now 10- Year Tradi-
tion," the Daily Worker of March 2, 1937 (p. 2) reported as follows :
"The invitation from the Central Council of Trades Unions of the U. S. S. R.,
made public several days ago by the National Committee of the American Friends
of the Soviet Union, calling for a delegation of American trade unionists to
visit the Soviet Union this May Day, recalls that it is exactly 10 years since
the first such delegation of American workers went to the U. S. S. R.
"At that time, in the spring of 1927, the United States had not extended
diplomatic recognition to the workers' republic.
* * * * * * *
"Equally notable was the representation of progressive economists and sociol-
ogists * * * and Jerome Davis, now president of the American Federation of
Teachers."
In public testimony before the Special Committee on Un-American Activities
on September 9, 1939, Benjamin Gitlow said that about 1925, "the party, upon
instructions of the Communist International, started the work of organizing
what was to be known as an impartial delegation of American trade unionists,
who were not Communists, who would visit Soviet Russia, travel over the coun-
try, investigate conditions, and submit an impartial, unbiased report to the
American people on what were the actual conditions in Soviet Russia * * * the
traveling expenses and all of the expenses involved in the organization of this
delegation were paid by Moscow, and when its report was printed, the payment
for printing the report also come from Moscow." On the list of the American
Trade Union Delegation to the Soviet Union, which Gitlow submitted with his
testimony, Jerome Davis is listed on the technical and advisory staff as "Jerome
Davis, Ph. D., professor, practical philanthropy, Yale University, expert in
Russian affairs; author, The Russian Emigrant, etc." (Public Hearings before
the Special Committee, pp. 4699-4700.)
The Daily Worker of July 1, 1936 (p. 3), listed Jerome Davis as one who was
scheduled to speak at the American Youth Congress, and a pamphlet entitled
"Youngville, U. S. A." (p. 63), lists him as a member of the national advisory
committee of that organization. He also signed the "call" to the Congress of
Youth, as shown in the Proceedings of the Congress, July 1-5, 1939 (p. 2).
The American Youth Congress was cited as subversive and Communist by the
Attorney General of the United States in letters furnished the Loyalty Review
Board and released to the press by the United States Civil Service Commission,
December 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948. The group was redesignated by the
Attorney General, April 27, 1953, pursuant to Executive Order No. 10450. The
organization was cited previously by the Attorney General as "controlled by Com-
munists and manipulated by them to influence the thought of American youth"
(Congressional Record, September 24, 1942, p. 76S5 ; also cited in re Harry
Bridges, May 28, 1942, p. 10). The Special Committee on Un-American Activities,
in its report of June 25, 1942 (p. 16), cited the American Youth Congress as "one
of the principal fronts of the Communist Party" and "prominently identified with
the White House picket line * * * under the immediate auspices of the American
Peace Mobilization."
The Daily Worker of March 19, 1938 (p. 2), listed Dr. Davis as one of those
who signed a petition to the Japanese Ambassador from the International Labor
Defense; Equal Justice of November 1938 (p. 4) listed him as a sponsor of the
Christmas drive of the ILD.
The Attorney General cited the International Labor Defense as subversive and
Communist in letters released June 1 and September 21, 1948. The group was
redesignated pursuant to Executive Order No. 10450. The group was cited pre-
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3781
viously by the Attorney General as the "legal arm of the Communist Party"
(Congressional Record, September 24, 1942, p. 7086). The special committee in
its report of January 3, 1939 (pp. 75-78), cited the International Labor Defense
as "the legal defense arm of the Communist Party of the United States." The
congressional committee in its report of September 2, 1947 (pp. 1 and 2), cited
the International Labor Defense as "part of an international network of organi-
zations for the defense of Communist lawbreakers." At a conference held in
Detroit, Mich., April 27-28, 1946, the International Labor Defense and the Na-
tional Federation for Constitutional Liberties merged to form the new front,
Civil Rights Congress.
Jerome Davis' book, Behind Soviet Power, was offered for sale at the head-
quarters of Soviet Russia Today, 114 East 32d Street, New York City, as shown
in the June 1947 issue of that publication (p. 30). In a letter which was pub-
lished in the July 1947 issue of Soviet Russia Today (p. 3), Jerome Davis wrote
that "I want to congratulate you on the high quality of your magazine in the
past few months. It has such tine articles that I have recommended them to my
students for reading."
Soviet Russia Today was cited as a Communist-front publication by the special
committee in its report of March 29, 1944 (p. 167), and the congressional com-
mittee in its report on the Congress of American Women, October 23, 1949 (p. 108).
The Daily Worker of June 17, 1948 (p. 7), revealed that Dr. Davis was sched-
uled to speak at a meeting of the National Council of American-Soviet Friend-
ship ; he sent greetings, under the same auspices, on the 31st anniversary of the
Russian Revolution (Daily Worker of November 10, 1948, p. 11).
The National Council of American-Soviet Friendship was cited as subversive
and Communist by the Attorney General in letters released December 4, 1947,
and September 21. 1948. The group was redesignated pursuant to Executive
Order No. 10450. The special committee, in its report of March 29, 1944 (p. 156),
cited the National Council of American-Soviet Friendship as "in recent months,
the Communist Party's principal front for all things Russian * * *."
Dr. Davis was one of the sponsors of the Cultural and Scientific Conference
for World Peace, arranged by the National Council of the Arts, Sciences and
Professions, and held in New York City, March 25-27, 1949. as shown in the
conference program (p. 14). Identified with Oberlin College, Jerome Davis
was listed as one of the sponsors of a conference of the National Council of the
Arts, Sciences and Professions, held October 9-10, 1948, as shown by a leaflet
entitled "To Safeguard These Rights * * *" which was published by the Bureau
on Academic Freedom of the National Council. A mimeographed list of signers
attached to a letterhead of July 2S, 1950, listed Dr. Davis (with address given as
Boulder, Colo.) as one of the signers of a resolution against atomic weapons
issued by the National Council. Dr. Davis was listed in We Join Black's Dissent,
a reprint of an article from the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, June 20, 1951, by the
National Council of the Arts, as a supporter of a rehearing of the case of the
Communist leaders before the Supreme Court. He was scheduled as a speaker
at a "restore free speech" rally of the National Council on July 25 (1951), at
Carnegie Hall, as shown by the Daily Worker of July 23, 1951 (p. 3). He
endorsed a resolution of the National Council of the Arts, Sciences and Profes-
sions calling for a hearing of Tunisia's demands in the United Nations as reported
in the Daily Worker. June 2, 1952 (p. 3). The Worker, February 8, 1953 (p. 15),
reported that Dr. Jerome Davis, past president of the American Federation of
Teachers, former Yale faculty member, and author of Peace, War, and You, spoke
at a meeting sponsored by the Philadelphia Council of the Arts, S.iences and
Professions during the preceding week. Dr. Davis' speech was quoted at length
in this article.
The National Council of the Arts, Sciences and Professions was cited as a
Communist-front organization by the congressional committee in its Review of
the Scientific and Cultural Conference for World Peace, arranged by the National
Council, and held in New York City on March 25, 26, and 27, 1949, April 19. 1949
(p. 2) ; in this same review, the Scientific and Cultural Conference for World
Peace was cited as a Communist front which "was actually a supermobilization
of the inveterate wheelhorses and supporters of the Communist Party and its
auxiliary organizations."
The Protestant Digest magazine for January 1940 (p. 1) and February-
March 1941 (p. 1) and the Protestant for June— July 1942 (p. 1) and December-
January 1946-47 (p. 1) list Jerome Davis as an editorial adviser.
The Protestant Digest, later known as the Protestant was cited as "a magazine
which has faithfully propagated the Communist Party line under the guise
3782 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
of being a religious journal," by the special committee in its report of March
29, 1944 (p. 48).
In an article which appeared in the January 19, 1948, issue of the Daily
Worker, it is noted that "Dr. Jerome Davis, well-known educator, reports that the
people of Europe are seeking a new social order, socialism, [and] he praised what
he saw in the Soviet Zone in Germany." Excerpts from Dr. Davis' article which
was written for the January People's Lobby Bulletin, ai*e quoted as follows : "I
found all Europe seething with unrest and postwar difficulties. The fundamental
problem was not a conflict between communism on one side and democracy on
the other as we have been led to believe in the United States. The real clash
■was between the old order ("things as they used to be," private ownership of
production) and an emerging new social order. The representatives of the new
■order want socialization — they are, in essence, for socialism. In this great
conflict the United States is ranged on the conservative side. Nowhere in Europe
is there great hysteria against Russia as there now is in America. Prof. Harold
Laski, former chairman of the British Labor Party executive told me that he
thought America was the real danger spot in the world today. I was privileged
to visit the Russian Zone in Germany. It appeared to me that in many ways
Russia had done a better job in her zone than we had in ours."
The booklet, Can You Name Them? (p. 3) lists Jerome Davis as having en-
dorsed the American Committee for Democracy and Intellectual Freedom, and
a mimeographed sheet attached to a lettei'head of the organization dated January
17, 1940, lists him as one of those who signed a petition sponsored by the group.
The American Committee for Democracy and Intellectual Freedom was cited
as a Communist front which defended Communist teachers by the special com-
mittee in its report of June 25, 1942 (p. 13).
On a letterhead of the Fourth Annual Conference of the American Committee
for Protection of Foreign Born, Washington, D. C, March 2 and 3, 1940, Jerome
Davis was listed as a sponsor. A letterhead of the group concerning bills which
were to be brought up in Congress in January 1940 listed Dr. Davis as a member
of the organization's advisory board. In 1950 he signed the American Com-
mittee's statement against denaturalization, as reported in the Daily Worker
of August 10, 1950 (p. 5).
The Attorney General cited the American Committee for Protection of Foreign
Born as subversive and Communist in letters released June 1 and September 21,
1948. The group was redesignated pursuant to Executive Order No. 10450. The
special committee in its report of March 29, 1944 (p. 155), cited the American
Committee for Protection of Foreign Born as "one of the oldest auxiliaries of
the Communist Party in the United States."
Dr. Davis endorsed and was a delegate to the American Congress for Peace
and Democracy, as shown on an official letterhead of January 6-8, 1939 and
in the Daily Worker for January 6, 1939 (p. 2). A letterhead of the national
labor committee of the American League for Peace and Democracy dated
February 8, 1939 listed Dr. Davis as vice chairman of the national committee of
the league ; the league's letterheads of July 12, 1939 and May 18, 1939 list him
as a member of its national committee. He was listed also as a national sponsor
of the league on a letterhead of April 6, 1939, according to a photostat in com-
mittee files.
The special committee, in its report of March 29, 1944 (p. 105), cited the
American Congress for Peace and Democracy as a Communist front advocating
collective security against the Fascist aggressors prior to the signing of the
Stalin-Hilter pact. The American League for Peace and Democracy was formed
at the above congress.
The American League for Peace and Democracy was cited as subversive and
Communist by the Attorney General in letters released June 1 and September
21, 1948. The group was redesignated pursuant to Executive Order No. 10450.
The group was cited previously by the Attorney General as established in the
United States in 1937 as successor to the American League Against War and
Fascism "in an effort to create public sentiment on behalf of a foreign policy
adapted to the interests of the Soviet Union. * * * The American League for
Peace and Democracy * * * was designed to conceal Communist control, in
accordance with the new tactics of the Communist International." (Congres-
sional Record, Sept. 24. 1942, pp. 7683 and 7684.) The special committee, in
its report dated January 3, 1939 (pp. 69-71), cited the American League as "the
largest of the Communist 'front' movements in the United States."
A letterhead of the Committee to Defend America by Keeping Out of War dated
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3783
August 10, 1940, contains the name of Jerome Davis in a list of the sponsors of
that committee.
"After Stalin signed his pact with Hitler, the Communist-led Committee To
Defend America by Keeping Out of War * * * came forth to oppose the national-
defense program, lend-lease, conscription, and other 'war-mongering' efforts."
(Special Committee, report, March 29, 1944, pp. 99 and 105.)
A booklet entitled "These Americans Say : * * * " lists Dr. Davis as one of
the representative individuals who advocated the lifting of the embargo on
arms to Spain ; the Coordinating Committee to Lift the Embargo prepared and
published the booklet.
The special committee, in its report of March 29, 1944 (pp. 137 and 138), cited
the Coordinating Committee to Lift the ( Spanish ) Embargo as one of a number
of front organizations, set up during the Spanish Civil War by the Communist
Party in the United States and through which the party carried on a great deal
of agitation.
Jerome Davis was a member of the National Advisory Committee of Common-
wealth College, as shown on a letterhead of January 1, 1940 ; he endorsed the
reorganization plan of the college, as shown in Fortnightly, the publication of
the college (issue of Aug. 15, 1937, p. 3) .
Commonwealth College was cited as Communist by the Attorney General in a
letter released April 27, 1949. The group was redesignated pursuant to Executive
Order No. 10450. The special committee, in its report of March 29, 1944 (pp.
76 and 167), cited the Commonwealth College as a "Communist enterprise".
Jerome Davis signed the "call" to the Conference on Pan-American Democracy
as shown by News You Don't Get for November 15, 1938 (p. 3). A pamphlet
entitled "Economic Trends and the New Deal in the Caribbean" published by
the organization in 1942, names Jerome Davis as a member of the executive
committee of the group.
The Conference on Pan-American Democracy (known also as Council for Pan-
American Democracy), was cited as subversive and Communist by the Attorney
General in letters released June 1 and September 21, 1948. The group was redes-
ignated pursuant to Executive Order No. 10450. The Special Committee on
Un-American Activities, in its report of March 29, 1944 (pp. 161 and 164), cited
the Conference on Pan-American Democracy as a Communist front which
defended Carlos Luiz Prestes, a Brazilian Communist leader and former member
of the executive committee of the Communist International.
Dr. Jerome Davis was a member of the Labor Advisory Committee of Con-
sumers Union as shown by a letterhead of the organization dated September 28,
1939, and an undated circular, Workers as Consumers.
Consumers Union l9 was cited as a Communist front headed by the Communist,
Arthur Kallet (whose party name is Edward Adams). Ben Gold and Louis
Weinstock, both well-known Communists, were also members of the labor
advisory committee of Consumers Union. ( Special committee report, March 29,
1944, p. 153.)
In 1936, Jerome Davis was dropped from the faculty of Yale University
School of Divinity, according to the Daily Worker of October 23, 1936 (p. 2),
which reported that "Dr. Jerome Davis, whose book, 'Culture and Capitalism,'
contained a chapter criticizing directors and trustees who hamper academic
freedom, has been dropped from the faculty of the Yale Divinity School. These
officials, Dr. Davis s'aid in his book, are largely drawn from banking, utilities,
and big business and turn thumbs clown on any free discussion of economic
and social problems."
The following reference to Dr. Davis' dismissal from the Yale University
School of Divinity is found in Edwin Seaver's column, Books of the Day in the
November 16, 1936, issue of the Daily Worker (p. 7) :
"The current issue of the New Republic has an eight-page supplement on the
Yale- Jerome Davis case. Professor Davis, it will be recalled, was recently
dismissed from the Divinity School of Yale University, after some 12 years'
service as an associate professor, during which period a full professorship was
denied him.
"The New Republic supplement, entitled Yale on Trial,' prints a statement
by Yale University and the report of an investigation made of the case by
19 After the date of this hearing, in its annual report for the year 1953, H. Rept. 1102, s.°.d
Cong., the committee made the following statement : "After hearings and thorough study the
committee finds there is no present justification for continuing this organization as one'that
is cited and future reports and publications will reflect that this organization has been
deleted from the list of subversive organizations and publications."
3784 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
Profs. Charles A. Beard, Paul H. Douglas, Colston E. Warne, and Edward A.
Koss.
"The university says that 'no abridgment of academic freedom or liberty
of speech is involved in this case.' The investigation proves this is a lie.
"Among Professor Davis' crimes are: (1) a notable book on Capitalism
and Its Culture; (2) a study of prisoners in the Connecticut jails; (3) the
instituting of workers' educational classes in New Haven; (4) speaking on
behalf of the Soviet Union; (5) condemning the Insull interests as racketeers;
(6) inviting Senator Nye to speak at Yale; (6) [sic] accepting the findings
of Professors Fay and Barnes on the question of responsibility for the origins
of the World War.
"The American Association of University Professors presents unimpeachable
evidence that Professor Davis' dismissal from Yale is a clear-cut case of
suppression of academic freedom. Yale University has not heard the last of
this matter by a long shot.
"Coming back to Prof. Jerome Davis. There's an article by him in the big
third anniversary issue of Fight. It's about the status of the college teacher
today."
In 1937, the United Cannery, Agricultural, Packing and Allied Workers, meet-
ing in national convention in Denver, Colo., passed a resolution protesting dis-
missal of Jerome Davis, professor at Yale University and president of the
American Federation of Teachers, because of his liberal social opinions and
activities. (Public Hearings before the Special Committee on Un-American
Activities, October 25, 1038, p. 1970. )
In 1044, the Special Committee on Un-American Activities reported that the
United Cannery, Agricultural, Packing and Allied Workers of America was one
of the unions affiliated with the CIO in which it found Communist leadership
"strongly entrenched" (Rept. 1311, March 29, 1944. pages 18 and 19). It is
noted also that the Food, Tobacco and Agricultural Workers (successor to the
United Cannery, Agricultural * * *) was expelled from the CIO, effective March
1, 1950, on grounds of Communist domination (CIO Fact Sheet for the Press.
12th Constitutional Convention of the CIO, Chicago, 111., November 20-24, 1950).
A circular entitled "and tell the folks that I'll be home if * * *" issued by
Friends of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade, named Jerome Davis as one of those
who endorsed the drive to bring the wounded boys home.
Friends of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade was cited as a Communist front
organization by the special committee in its report of March 29, 1944 (pp. 82
and 125).
In November 1937, Friends of the Soviet Union issued what it chose to call
the Golden Book of American Friendship with the Soviet Union and in addition,
a 100-page edition of its official publication, Soviet Russia Today, eulogizing
Soviet Russia on its 20th anniversary. (Public Hearings, vol. 1, p. 518.) From
the same source, we note that Jerome Davis was one of the speakers on the pro-
gram when the Golden Book was presented to President Kalinin at the 20th
anniversary celebration, sponsored by the organization, Friends of the Soviet
Union. Anniversary greetings from Dr. Davis are found in the November 1937
issue of Soviet Russia Today (p. 77), and an article by Dr. Davis entitled "The
Soviet Union in 1938" is found in the November 1938 issue of that publication
(p. 38).
The Golden Book of American Friendship with the Soviet Union was cited as
a "Communist enterprise" signed by hundreds of well-known Communists and
fellow travelers by the special committee in its report of March 29, 1944 (p. 102).
Citation of Soviet Russia Today is found on page 2 of this memorandum.
[P. No. 2 refers to typewritten memorandum ; see pp. 3645 and 3781 of this
publication.]
Friends of the Soviet Union was cited as Communist by the Attorney General
in letters released December 4, 1947, June 1 and September 21. 1948. The group
was redesignated pursuant to Executive Order No. 10450. The special committee
* * *, in its report of January 3, 1939 (p. 78), cited the Friends of the Soviet
Union as "one of the most open Communist fronts in the United States" whose
purpose "is to propagandize for and defend Russia and its system of government."
It "is a section of an international movement directed from Moscow." The
Friends admit "they penetrate our industrial sections."
The name of Jerome Davis appeared in a list of national sponsors of the
Medical Bureau and North American Committee to Aid Spanish Democracy on a
letterhead of the organization dated July 6, 1938.
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3785
The special committee * * *, in its report of March 29, 1944 (p. 82), cited
the Medical Bureau and North American Committee to Aid Spanish Democracy as
a Communist-front organization.
A press release issued by the National Emergency Conference for Democratic
Rights. February 23, 1940, named him as a member of the board of sponsors of
that organization : he signed an open letter of the organization, as reported
in the Daily Worker of May 13, 1940 I pp. 1 and 5 ) . On the program of the Second
National Negro Congress which was held in October 1937, the name of Jerome
Davis appears as one of the discussion leaders of the congress. Dr. Davis signed
an open letter to American liberals, as shown in the Daily Worker of February
12, 1937 (p. 2) and in Soviet Russia Today of March 1937 (pp. 14-15). A
Letterhead of Russian Reconstruction Farms, Inc., dated March 20, 192G, shows
that Jerome Davis was a member of the advisory board of that organization.
The National Emergency Conference for Democratic Rights was cited as a
Communist-front organization by the special committee * * * in its report of
March 29, 1944 (pp. 48 and 102). The congressional committee * * *, in its
report of September 2, 1947 (p. 12), cited the National Emergency Conference
for Democratic Rights as follows: "It will be remembered that during the days
of the infamous Soviet-Nazi pact, the Communist-built protective organizations
known as the National Emergency < onferenc^, the National Emergency Confer-
ence for Democratic Rights, which culminated in the National Federation for
Constitutional Liberties."
The National Negro Congress was cited as subversive and Communist by the
Attorney General in letters released December 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948.
The group was redesignated pursuant to Executive Order No. 10450. The group
was cited previously by the Attorney General who noted that A. Phillip Randolph,
president of the congress since its inception in 1936, refused to run again in April
1940 "on the ground that it was 'deliberately packed with Communists and
Congress of Industrial Organizations members who were either Communists or
sympathizers with Communists.'" (Congressional Record, Sept. 24, 1942, pp.
7*687 and 7688.) The special committee * * *. in its report of January 3, 1939
(p. 81), cited the National Negro Congress as "the Communist-front movement in
the United States among Negroes * * *."
The special committee * * *, in its report of June 25, 1942 (p. 21), cited the
"Open letter to American liberals" as follows : "In March 1937 a group of well-
known Communists and Communist collaborators published an open letter bear-
ing the title given above. The letter was a defense of the Moscow purge trials."
Russian Reconstruction Farms, Inc., was cited as a Communist enterprise
which was directed by Harold Ware, son of the well-known Communist Ella
Reeve Bloor, by the special committee * * *, in its report of March 29, 1944 (p.
76).
He was an advisory editor of Champion magazine, according to the October
1936 issue (p. 2).
Champion was cited by the special committee * * * as the "official organ of the
Young Communist League and also of the International Workers Order" (report,
June 25, 1942, p. 17).
Identified as a writer and lecturer of New York, Prof. Jerome Davis w r as named
in the Daily Worker of February 1, 1951 (p. 2) as a sponsor of the American
Peace Crusade ; a February 1951 letterhead of the crusade listed him as an initial
sponsor.
The congressional committee * * *, in its statement issued on the March of
Treason, February 19, 1951, and House Report No. 378, on the Communist "peace"
offensive, April 1, 1951 (p. 51), cited the American Peace Crusade as an'organi-
zation which "the Communists established" as "a new instrument for their
'peace' offensive in the United States" and which was heralded by the Daily
Worker "with the usual bold headlines reserved for projects in line with the
Communist objectives."
Dr. Davis, author and lecturer. West Haven, Conn., signed an open letter urging
defeat of President Truman's arms program which was sent to Senators and
Congressmen by the Conference on Peaceful Alternatives to the Atlantic Pact
(letterhead of August 21, 1949). He also signed a statement calling for inter-
national agreement to ban use of atomic weapons which the Committee for
Peaceful Alternatives issued, as shown by a statement attached to a press re-
lease of December 14, 1949 (p. 5), in which source he was identified as a visiting
professor, University of Colorado ; West Haven, Conn.
The Conference for Peaceful Alternatives to the Atlantic Pact was cited as a
meeting called by the Daily Worker in July 1949, to be held in Washington, D. C,
and as having been instigated by "Communists in the United States (who) did
43620 — 54 14
3786 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
their part in the Moscow campaign" by the congressional committee * * * in its
report on the Communist "peace" offensive, April 1, 1951 (p. 56).
The congressional committee * * *, in its report referred to above, cited the
Committee for Peaceful Alternatives to the Atlantic Pact as an organization
which was formed as a result of the Conference for Peaceful Alternatives to the
Atlantic Pact, and which was located, according to a letterhead of September
16, 1950, at 30 North Dearborn Street, Chicago 2, 111. ; and to further the cause
of "Communists in the United States" doing "their part in the Moscow campaign."
Dr. Jerome Davis, West Haven, Conn., was a sponsor of the Mid-Century Con-
ference for Peace, as shown on the call to the conference. An undated leaflet
entitled "Prominent Americans call for * * *" received by this committee on
September 11, 1950, lists Professor Davis of Boulder, Colo., as one of the endorsers
of the World Peace Appeal.
The congressional committee * * *, in its report on the Communist "peace"
offensive, referred to on page 9 of this memorandum, cited the Mid-Century Con-
ference for Peace as a meeting held in Chicago, May 29 and 30, 1950, by the Com-
mittee for Peaceful Alternatives to the Atlantic Pact and as having been "aimed
at assembling as many gullible persons as possible under Communist direction
and turning them into a vast sounding board for Communist propaganda."
In this same report, the congressional committee * * * cited the world peace
appeal as a petition campaign launched by the Permanent Committee of the
World Peace Congress at its meeting in Stockholm, March 16-19, 1950 ; as having
"received the enthusiastic approval of every section of the international Commu-
nist hierarchy" ; as having been lauded in the Communist press, putting "every
individual Communist on notice that he has the duty to rise to this appeal" ; and
as having "received the official endorsement of the Supreme Soviet of the
U. S. S. R., which has been echoed by the governing bodies of every Communist
satellite country, and by all Communist Parties throughout the world."
In response to a questionnaire issued by the Committee for a Democratic Far
Eastern Policy, Dr. Davis answered in favor of recognizing the Chinese Commu-
nist government, as shown in Far East Spotlight for December 1949-January
1950 (p. 25).
The Committee for a Democratic Far Eastern Policy was cited as Communist
by the Attorney General in a letter released April 27, 1949. The group was re-
designated pursuant to Executive Order No. 10450.
Dr. Davis spoke at the 15th Annual Conference of the Teachers Union, an
affiliate of the United Public Workers of America (Daily Worker, issues of
March 23, 1951, p. 4 and April 9, 1951, p. 9). He was scheduled to sepak at the
convention of the Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers, as shown in the Daily Worker
of September 11, 1950 (p. 9).
In 1946 the United Public Workers of America was formed by a merger of the
United Federal Workers of America and the State, County and Municipal Work-
ers of America, both of which were found to have Communist leadership "strongly
entrenched" by the special committee * * * in report 1311 of March 29, 1944
(pp. 18 and 19). The International Union of Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers
was cited in the same manner in the same report of the special committee. Both
unions were expelled from the Congress of Industrial Organizations on February
15, 1950, on charges of Communist domination (CIO Fact Sheet for the Press,
12th Constitutional Convention of the CIO, Chicago, 111., Nov. 20-24, 1950).
Jerome Davis signed a brief in behalf of John Howard Lawson and Dalton
Trumbo which was submitted to the Supreme Court of the United States in the
October ,1949 term by the Cultural Workers. Lawson and Trumbo were 2 of the
Hollywood 10 who were cited for contempt of Congress as a result of their
refusal to affirm or deny Communist membership before this committee.
Jerome Davis was one of the sponsors of a meeting in New York City, arranged
for the purpose of greeting the new Soviet Constitution (Daily Worker of No-
vember 30, 1936, p. 5).
The following reference to Jerome Davis was made in the special committee's
report of March 29, 1944 (p. 75) : "A tabulation of some of the benefactions of
the American Fund for Public Service reveals the extent to which it was a major
source for the financing of Communist Party enterprises * * * The Vanguard
Press was established by the fund with a donation of capital amounting to
$139,000. A series of propaganda books on Russia, edited by Jerome Davis, was
one of the first large publishing projects of the Vanguard Press."
The New York Times of May and June 1943 contained several articles con-
cerning a libel suit for $150,000 which Jerome Davis brought against the Curtis
Publishing Co. and Benjamin Stolberg. ( See New York Times of May 18, 1943,
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3787
p 27 ; May 20, 1943, p. 46 ; May 25, 1943, p. 24 ; May 28, 1943, p. 13C ; June 2,
1943, p. 3 ; June 3, 1943, p. 23 ; June 4, 1943, p. 9 ; June 8, 1943, p. 23 ; June 9, 1943,
p. 23C ; and June 10, 1943, p. 23C. )
According to these articles, the Saturday Evening Post of September 2, 1939
(pp. 5, 6, 32), printed an article about Mr. Davis, written by Benjamin Stolberg.
Mr. Davis stated that the article had called him a Communist and a Stalinist, and
because of it, he did not receive appointment to a position with the National
Youth Administration which had been promised him by Aubrey Williams.
Arthur Garfield Hays was counsel for Davis.
The Times reported on testimony of witnesses both for and against Mr. Davis.
Among the witnesses who testified for Davis, Dr. Sherwood Eddy stated that
Davis was a "loyal American who has always attacked the evils of communism
as I have." Mrs. Florence Curtis Hanson, former secretary-treasurer of the
American Federation of Teachers, testified that she did not consider Dr. Davis
as a Communist but felt that he was "motivated by humanitarianism" and was
not "tagged with the Communist label." Dr. Halford E. Luccock, professor of
Homiletics at Yale Divinity School, testified that Dr. Davis had the reputation
of being a liberal, not a Communist, and added that Dr. Davis had criticized
Soviet Russia for its "disregard of the human value of free speech and its intol-
erance of religion," and was against the use of violence and terrorism. Dr.
Ned H. Dearborn, executive vice president of the National Safety Council, and
former dean of education at New York University, denied that Dr. Davis had
been defeated in 1939 for the presidency of the American Federation of Teachers
on the issue of communism.
Those who testified in the trial against Dr. Davis were: Matthew Woll, vice
president, American Federation of Labor, who stated that he was "frank to say
that some of the Communists believed Dr. Davis was a Communist" ; Eugene
Lyons who said that Davis' book, The New Russia (1933) showed a type of
Soviet propaganda by its omission of certain data in presentation of Russian
conditions ; Dr. Edmund A. Walsh, vice president of Georgetown University, who
said that Davis "accepts the ultimate objective of communism and belongs psycho-
logically and morally to the group that advocates it" but is short of 100 percent
in his advocacy ; Dr. John L. Childs, professor of education at Teachers' College,
who said that he had resigned from the Teachers Union in 1938 because it was
dominated by or controlled by the Stalinist or Communist Party group.
It was brought out in some of the testimony, according to the Times that
William Green, president of the American Federation of Labor, had written a
letter to Davis on January 11, 1939. asking him to take decisive action against
communistic influences reported in the Teachers Union. Local 5, New York. Mr.
Davis said, "personally I didn't think the charges were true."
Many excerpts from Mr. Davis' book, Capitalism and its Culture were read
during the trial. One of the excerpts, as quoted in the Times articles, gives
something of Davis' views at the time : "There is of course no certain guaranty
when capitalism will be overthrown. If the people wish to remain subservient
serfs in a profit economy they can do so. A revolutionary transition era may
necessitate a measure of dictatorship, but the country should always be con-
trolled primarily for the benefit of the workers both of hand and of brain."
On June 7, Davis increased the amount for which he was suing to $250,000.
On June S, the case went to the jury, Justice Carew charging the jurors "* * *
no man has a legal right to be a Communist." The jury failed to agree and
was discharged. Harold Epstein, of counsel for Davis, moved immediately to
set a new trial for the following Monday, because Dr. Davis was departing for
Russia on June 25, and was unlikely to return before February. Judge Carew
denied the Monday trial, but without prejudice to application before the judge
in charge of calendar assignments.
Mr. Davis did go to Russia as a special correspondent for International News
Service. The Washington Post of November 29, 1943 (p. 1), contains one of his
articles on the Nazi massacre at Kiev ; and another article by Mr. Davis, with a
Moscow dateline, concerning the impact of American supplies on the Russian
war and home fronts, appeared in the Washington Post on February 20, 1944
(p.3B).
Jerome Davis gathered questions from the members of an unofficial United
States labor delegation to Russia in 1927 for an interview of 5 hours which they
had with Stalin, according to Robert W. Dunn, in an article by Virginia Gardner
printed in the Daily People's World of April 3, 1953 (p. 7M) and the Daily Worker
of March 22, 1953 (pp. 3 and 12). Davis was identified in these sources as a
3788 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
professor at Yale University in 1927, previously in charge of YMCA work in
Russia early in World War I.
Reviews of Dr. Davis' book, Peace, War. and You are found in the December
21, 1052, issue of the Sunday Worker (p. 7M), and the February 9, 1953, issue
of the Daily People's World (p. 7).
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 40
(Part 1)
I *
§ - I 5 -*
i - is *r
S. «3 2 «>: —
b1 m *=?
5 5 | -r 1
ON THE £ j = ~
8 5
FOR
TEACHERS and STUDENTS
£ist o/ Sources
and
Supplementary Jeaching -Materials
COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION
OF THE
^National Council 0/ ^American^Soviet Jriendship, 9nc.
1U E. 32^ STREET N.Y.16 MU. 3-2080
TEN CENTS
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
3789
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 40
(Part 2)
* • * » *
SOVIET POLITICS, At Home and Abroad , Frederick L. Sohuman,
Alfred A. Yjaapt, 1546
"...The present volume, like the previous writings of
the author, is notable for the breadth of its perspec-
tive, the vigor of its style and the abundanoe of its
factual oontents The author's oonolusians are of
a challenging nature...."
$4.00
SOVIET FAR EASTERN POLICY , Harriet Moore, Prlnoeton University Press,
1545 •
A soholarly work based on Soviet sources*
U.S.S.R. FOREIGN POLICY, Victor A. Yakhontoff , Coward-UoCann, 1946.
A systematic, well documented review of the Soviet's inter-
national relations based upon recent documents.
12.50
,3.50
THE GREAT CONSPIRACY , laohael Sayers and Albert E. Kahn,
Little, Brown and Company, 1946 $3.50
Boni * Gaer, paper ooverod edition. .....*..... $1.00
A painstaking, careful expose of the forces and indi-
viduals working against United States-Soviet under-
standing. Thoroughly documented.
Pamphlets ;
RUSSIA, teenaoe or Peaoe , Vera Dean, Foreign Policy Association, 1946.
WHAT RUSSIA DID FOR VICTORY , Sergei Kournaicorr, soviet nussia Today,
flew York, 1945 • • I'"'!!
A valuable and well documented account of the cost of the war
to the Soviet Union - human and matoriel. The role of the Air
Foroe, Navy and guerrilla fighters.
RELIGION TODAY IN THE U.S.S.R. , Rev. William Howard Melish, National
Council of American-Soviet Friendship , 1945 •
Desoribes existing religious institutions. Answers questions
on the status and freedom of religion. Based on latest docu-
ments and first-hand reports by ohurohmen.
$ .35
$ .25
v .15
RECENT PUBLICATIONS FOR YOUNG PEOPLB t
Fiotion t
TOOTKA, THE LITTLE RUSSIAN TRAIN , Amerloan Society for Russian Relief,
Inc., 1545 • • ,5 °
An amusing tale about an engine on one of the children s
railroads of the Soviet Union. 3 " 6 y TOt
3790 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
Mr. Kunzig. Do you know Eev. Stephen H. Fritchman ?
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, I do.
Mr. Kunzig. Did you, on occasion, speak at Kev. Stephen H. Fritch-
man's church in Los Angeles? (See Oxnam exhibit No. 41, p. 3795.)
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, I am going to answer this and I
think you are going to reprimand me, sir, but this is a very vicious
procedure. Dr. Fritchman held a very high position in the Unitarian
Church. He was the editor of the Christian Register. He subse-
quently became
Mr. Velde. Would you be good enough to answer the question ?
Bishop Oxnam. I cannot answer it without doing myself damage
and there has been enough of that.
Mr. Velde. The reason I ask you that is that it has been standard
procedure to ask the witness to answer the question first and not
make
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, sir ; I did.
Mr. Kunzig. Was that on April 4, 1952 ?
Mr. Velde. Now will you proceed ?
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, sir; thank you. Dr. Fritchman was the editor
of the Christian Register, which is the official paper of the Unitarian
Church. He, I believe, was dismissed from that office. He became
the pastor of the First Unitarian Church of Los Angeles. When I
lived in Los Angeles I knew the minister of that church who was
named Backus. I had hoped we could have good relations between
the churches called the Unitarian and the Trinitarian.
I received an invitation to lecture at a forum which was held at the
First Unitarian Church. I also lectured at the Santa Monica forum
and at the Westwood Hills Methodist Church. I had no knowledge
whatsoever that Mr. Fritchman was in any way related to the Com-
munist Party.
May I say this, that since that time and I will not name the men,
but two prominent officials of the Unitarian Church have conferred
with me and gave me information that gave me grave doubts concern-
ing Dr. Fritchman, and had I known what they informed me I would,
of course, not have lectured at his church. I did not know before that
time what they alleged and 1 take it what is going to be done now is
going to be the same procedure that somebody is going to say that
he was identified by somebody else as a Communist and they will begin
to draw inferences as far as I am concerned in the matter of lecturing
in his church. I think that that is basically unfair and I respectfully
request that kind of procedure, if it is a procedure, end.
Mr. Jackson. In all of the city of Los Angeles there is perhaps no
individual who has been so closely associated with the Communist
Party or Communist-front organizations over a period of many years
as has Reverend Fritchman. He appeared before the committee over
a year ago and declined to answer questions as to his membership in
the Communist Party on the grounds of the fifth amendment. His
record has been so spectacular that it seems almost unbelievable to me
that even the most cursory examination of it by anyone on the street
corner would not have indicated to the reader that he had appeared
before the committee and had declined to answer.
Bishop Oxnam. How did he appear, please ?
Mr. Kunzig. How?
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3791
Bishop Oxnam. "When was it, I meant ? I am sorry.
Mr. Kunzig. September 12, 1951.
Mr. Jackson. The Fritchman file has not been declassified by the
committee and I do not want to go into detail on what his testimony
was, but he refused to cooperate and relied upon the provisions of the
fifth amendment, which he had every right to do. 20
Bishop Oxnam. I have stated all the facts that I know in this
matter. I don't know whether we can abbreviate this or whether
we have to have the long process of all of this and never get to the
questions I came to consider.
Mr. Kunzig. We have talked about many of the questions you came
to consider, pages and pages and pages of them, as I think you will
agree.
Mr. Frazier. I suggest that the bishop be allowed to deal with
the questions that he has come here to answer. His counsel will have
to leave in a very few minutes.
Mr. Clardy. We put in at the beginning the two-page printed docu-
ment in which you went, one at a time, down the line with the faults
that you found with the file, and then we have put in your suggestions
in Parade, which you yourself suggested.
Now I think that has covered most of the documents that we had
intended to ask you about. Now, aside from the two articles or two
things you mentioned that I told you I had never heard of, is there
anything else that we haven't covered at the moment ?
Bishop Oxnam. I simply referred to these items because 15 minutes
would not allow me to deal with them and I had wished to deal with
them, and how can I clear the record if you don't know what I believe
to be false in it ?
Mr. Velde. We have made an exception in this particular case to
allow you some time to explain your objection to the file, and in
all fairness I must say that that was at the insistence of the gentleman
from California, Mr. Jackson, that we do depart from the regular
committee rules and inasmuch as you have been granted the privilege
of inserting these articles and giving us the various articles and com-
plaints that you have, they are in the record and I do not think there
is any reason that we should go into anything further at this time.
We do want to get this hearing over with.
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, so do I, very, very much, but I
listed certain items that have not been considered here at all and which
illustrate the method of the files that I think is objectionable.
Mr. Jackson. Do you mean over and above objections to the informa-
tion released by the committee in which you publicly answered certain
of the items in the file? Whether these are over and above those
things which are already in the record, is the point that I am making
because of the insertion at the outset of the hearings of all of those
things which related to the report and to your answers.
Bishop Oxnam. Some are and some are not.
Mr. Jackson. Those particular items which were covered in the
original report and in your newspaper reply have been given entry
into the record. I was wondering if there are other matters which are
not covered in that case. I for one have no objection to
20 The testimony of Stephen H. Fritchman was released by the committee on July 31, 1953.
3792 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
Bishop Oxnam. I wonder if I could run down the list very briefly
and close the matter. I have been here all day hoping that one might
deal with some of these items, and it is getting toward midnight. I
am tired and so are you.
Mr. Kunzig. I would like to make this statement for the record.
We have dealt with many, many of these items which you raised.
Bishop Oxnam. I mentioned seven.
Mr. Kunzig. You mentioned seven specific items, some of which
we dealt with, and you mentioned also in your answer in a Washing-
ton newspaper a whole large group, many of which we went into in
detail. We have gone through many of these for hours. I do not
want any implication that we have not touched any of these.
Mr. Velde. And recommendations that you made to me in a per-
sonal letter which was taken up before the full committee and
considered.
Bishop Oxnam. Yes; I received a letter from you.
Mr. Velde. I can see no further reason why we should go into this
in this manner. After all, this committee is composed of members
who are elected by the people and who are obligated to dp a duty
which was imposed by the full House of Representatives and of
course we are trying to do the job the best that we can in that fashion.
We welcome your criticism and always have from any individual.
We have had criticism from other people on the other side which we
must pay some attention to, in all fairness. So I say that I think we
have been more than fair in recognizing your objections to the file
of this committee and I ask, therefore, that we proceed in regular
order and ask that counsel will ask any further questions that he
might have.
Mr. Doyle. As I understand, I object to your ruling, Mr. Chair-
man, because if this witness feels he has a material point in connec-
tion with the files concerning him and which have not been presented
yet and that is why we are here, I request that this witness have the
opportunity to present any material point involved of the files which
has not been presented, either by our counsel or by him. That was the
purpose of this meeting. I think you ought to reconsider your ruling,
Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Jackson. I think all matters have been touched upon to which
there were objections.
Mr. Clardy. I think I asked the witness to tell me those items that
had not been covered by the method we suggested, and he did not
give me a clear answer. I would like to ask if I am not right about
this. I think there are only two things in there, really, and those are
things on which I have no knowledge and I cannot find anything
about it and if you would reverse the ruling, find out from him when
and where and how the things got out into the public view.
Mr. Veede. How long will that take, Bishop?
Bishop Oxnam. I will take but one instance and I think I can do it
in 3 minutes, if you will allow me to do it.
Mr. Velde. Certainly.
Bishop Oxnam. I have made reference to the article which T think
was most unfortunate, but this will indicate the misrepresentation
that occurs because I think of incompetency or slanted selection, and
T am now quoting from a release that Mr. Wood himself made.
Mr. Clardy. When was this, Bishop?
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3793
Bishop Oxnam. This was October 26, 1951. The Washington Star
of February 10, 1930, carries a news item datelined Indiana State
Reformatory, February 9.
The article refers to a speech made by Dr. G. Bromley Oxnam,
president of DePauw University, to the inmates of the reformatory.
Dr. Oxnam is reported as decrying the practice of nations in entering
into secret treaties and declaring that the slogan of the "America
First" must be interpreted as meaning "America first in world serv-
ice" and not "to be the first to go into Mexico to steal lands."
Mr. Velde. Was that a quotation from a newspaper ?
Bishop Oxnam. Part of that is a quotation from a newspaper.
Mr. Velde. Would you name the newspaper and the date of it ?
Bishop Oxnam. This was the Washington Star as of February 10,
but actually the Indiana newspaper carried it extensively.
Now, the point I am trying to make is this : That by selecting that
particular quotation, putting it in there and I will show it was not
a quotation in a moment, and not including what was available to a
research staff in the newspaper which is something that was avail-
able at the very same time, this condemns me, whereas if they had
quoted what was available in the full articles of the Indiana news-
paper, they would have given the people an entirely different
impression.
Now, I read to you what did appear in the Indianapolis Star of
February 13, 1930. This was available to your research staff :
The words referred to were taken from two different sections of the speech
and combined by the reporter. I stated that one of the causes of war was selfish
nationalism. I said, "There is a right kind of nationalism. It is the nationalism
that manifests itself in such love of country that one is willing to give all he
possesses, his life, if need be, to lift the life standards of his people. It is the
kind of nationalism one feels when viewing America with its poignant line,
'Land where my fathers died.' "
I interject this statement that since my father's death I could understand the
meaning of that splendid line.
"It is the kind of nationalism one feels when he looks upon the towering sky-
line of New York when returning from Europe and knows that that is his
country, not a Shylockian people bent upon grasping gold, but after all a people
of idealism. There is a right kind of nationalism, but there is a wrong kind,
and that is selfish nationalism. It is revealed in the slogan 'Germany Over All,'
'Britannia Rules the Waves,' 'Ourselves Alone,' or 'America First.' If we mean
by 'America First' 'America first in world service,' it is a sublime slogan, but
if we mean America first and because our oil reserves may some day be depleted,
we will allow certain groups to stir up public opinion that we will enter Mexico
and steal her oil reserves because we need them, then that slogan will do for
us what it did for Germany a short time ago."
I will stand back of that statement.
Now, I suggest to you, sir, these two quotations say two fundamen-
tally different things, and when President Coolidge sent Ambassador
Morrow to Mexico you solved that problem.
Mr. Velde. Were you misquoted in any of the files?
Bishop Oxnam. That isn't the question, sir.
Mr. Velde. I think it is definitely. Were you misquoted in the
Washington Star ?
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, when you take one quotation from
a newspaper that puts me in a bad light, an accurate quotation from
a newspaper, and do not quote from another newspaper available at
the same time that reports what I did say and puts me in a different
light, that is a procedure that misleads anybody, you included.
3794 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
Mr. Velde. I have to insist. Did you say that you were misquoted
in the Washington Star ?
Bishop Oxnam. No. That quotation, I said, put together 2 sen-
tences completely apart so that they did not say at all what I said.
For instance, Mr. Jackson recommended to the American people that
they read Jerome Davis' book. That is a clear sentence that is in
there. But taken out of there, that is what it says, but actually Mr.
Jackson did not say that at all.
Mr. Jackson. We were discussing a matter which had been
thoroughly aired, a matter on which the previous allegation was dealt
with in the reply which was inserted in toto in the record. I had
thought we were going to go to a point which had not been covered in
order that we might get it clarified.
Bishop Oxnam. I did not take up Mr. Jackson's letter and Mr.
Tavenner's letter because I think we would be in debate and could not
do it in 3 minutes. I am perfectly willing to call this a day. I think
it would be significant. You cannot hear that and unless there are
other matters which you want to present, I will call it a day.
Mr. Velde. It seems to be the concensus of opinion of the committee
that we should hear all of the objections that you have. As I say, I
would like to get out of here myself, but if you do have any objections,
regardless of the time, will you do it ?
Bishop Oxnam. Would you let me send a communication to the
committee and the committee can consider the communication and
do what it will. It would be saying what I would be saying now and
I would be doing it in a formal fashion.
I would request permission to file a bibliography of what I have
written on communism and Communists. I would appreciate the
privilege of having that included. (See Oxnam exhibit No. 1-A,
p. 3590.)
Mr. Velde. Is the gentleman from California satisfied, or do you
insist?
Mr. Doyle. If he is satisfied, of course I am.
Bishop Oxnam. I will say I am satisfied at this hour. I would
have much preferred to have gone down the line earlier but I cannot
trespass upon this committee forever. You gentlemen have duties
tomorrow. You have said I might send a letter, and under those
circumstances I am satisfied.
Mr. Kunzig. I have a document marked "Oxnam Exhibit No. 41"
which was back when we were discussing the Fritchman situation
which was the listing of Bishop Oxnam being at Fritchman's church,
and I should like now to offer it into evidence.
Bishop Oxnam. I stated I spoke there.
Mr. Velde. Without objection, it will be so admitted.
(Document referred to was received in evidence as Oxnam exhibit
No. 41.)
Mr. Kunzig. Mr. Chairman, there are just 2 or 3 small matters. I
have a document called An American Churchman in the Soviet
Union by the Reverend Louie D. Newton, president of the Southern
Baptist Convention. This is a publication of the American Russian
Institute, which is cited by Attorney General Clark in 1949 as Com-
munist.
There is in this pamphlet an introduction by Bishop G. Bromley
Oxnam. (See pp. 3797-3799.)
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
3795
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 41
(Los Angeles Daily News, March 29, 1952)
— J* --4.- DAILY-HEWS n
UNITARIAN
tfU W Itk St. Jm»I Eott ©f ¥ f— I
Rev. Stepnen H. FritchnaR
Ckurck School «•«) Hyr*«cy— 104S a.M.
PORTRAIT OP AN AMERICAN:
LUTHER IURIANK
Seme* br Mr. FriHhm«»— 11:00 an.
GEORGE IERNARD SHAW ON
"PEACE OR WAR"
Dramatic ■»o*itrnj — 1:00 a.m.
JIFF COKEY DAVID WOLFf
AKiNC IARTOM BAM WMN
UNITARIAN TIME ON KFWi— 10:15 P.M.
UNITARIAN PUBLIC FORUM
Friday. April 4, • P.M.
BISHOP 6. IROMLEY OXNAM
MMhodttt Church. New Y»rk Area
"THE CLERICAL THREAT
TO AMERICAN FREEDOM"
Admiiiion Pre
;»l! action — QutitUne
Th/g Ckurck Wtlcawn P«r>oin ef
All facts q*4 Cr#*4t
WAR 2 9=1951
The question is, do you recognize this book marked as "Oxnam
Exhibit No. 42," and did you write that introduction, sir ?
Bishop Oxnam. I do recognize it and I did write it, and having
answered the question, may I explain it, Mr. Chairman, in accordance
with your procedure ?
Mr. Velde. Yes.
Bishop Oxnam. Dr. Louie D. Newton is one of the most distin-
guished ministers of the Baptist Church. He was the president of
the southern convention. Dr. Newton went to Russia. I have been
related to the national council. We have always hoped that some
day our Southern Baptist brethren might be in the national council.
Dr. Newton is a dear, personal friend. When he returned from
Russia, he asked me if I would write an introduction to a booklet he
was bringing out describing his visit. I would suggest the commit-
tee read it. I would like it introduced.
I had no knowledge of what organization was to publish it. When
it came out, I noticed it was put out by this agency. I have no rela-
tion to that. I wrote an introduction to a booklet written by a friend,
a distinguished clergyman.
Mr. Kunzig. Your statement is that you did not know that this
introduction would be put out by the American-Russian Institute ?
Bishop Oxnam. I did not know who was to publish that document.
I wrote that for a dear friend and a distinguished leader of the church.
Mr. Kunzig. Do you know the date, to the best of your recollection ?
There is no date published on this book.
3796 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
Mr. Clardy. My information is that it was 1952, but I cannot state
that positively to be correct.
Bishop Oxnam. I think that it is not correct.
Mr. Clardy. I would like to know because, in the Soviet magazines,
that was advertised continuously during the year 1952, but they did
not tell the date in which it was published. Incidentally, I find it a
considerable apology for the Soviet Russian system.
Bishop Oxnam. If you do, let me say I do not. This man is funda-
mentally opposed to communism. He was a journalist, was trained
as a journalist and was writing this as he saw it.
Mr. Kunzig. Was it within the last 5 or 10 years ?
Bishop Oxnam. I will be glad to check and give you the date so it
will be accurate. I should judge it was within the last 5 years, but
I wouldn't want to say without checking the record.
Mr. Kunzig. I should like to offer this pamphlet, An American
Churchman in the Soviet Union, and ask that it be marked as "Oxnam
exhibit No. 42."
Mr. Velde. Without objection, it will be admitted in the record.
(Pamphlet referred to was received in evidence as Oxnam exhibit
No. 42.)
Mr. Kunzig. I have a photostatic copy marked "Oxnam exhibit
No. 43"
Bishop Oxnam. I have been a lot of trouble to this committee. I
am sorry. Forty-three exhibits is amazing.
Mr. Kunzig. Let me first ask, Did you know Dr. W. E. B. DuBois, a
Negro leader ?
Bishop Oxnam. No, I simply cannot say. I am afraid I don't
know. I have heard his name.
Mr. Kunzig. Did Dr. DuBois ever speak at your church?
Bishop Oxnam. I think not.
Mr. Kunzig. Can you explain this exhibit marked "Oxnam exhibit
No. 43"?
Bishop Oxnam. What year are you talking about ?
Mr. Kunzig. Let me show it to you. It states that he was listed
to speak. The question I asked you was did he ever speak at your
church.
Bishop Oxnam. Frankly, I cannot answer that. It is way back.
This was in 1927. I would have to check the records of the church.
I do not recall ever having met Dr. DuBois. I cannot answer that.
Mr. Velde. At the present time your recollection is that Dr.
DuBois
Bishop Oxnam. I have no recollection of it, but when somebody
brings up a document that is 26 years back, that is a little difficult for
anybody, even from this committee, to answer.
Mr. Velde. I think the Chair would defer receipt of that until the
bishop has had an opportunity to check it.
Mr. Kunzig. I think it should be withdrawn.
Bishop Oxnam. Mr. Chairman, I am leaving for Europe. I hope
it will not be a discourtesy if I have to get this information after I get
back. I do not think I could do it in a day or two before I go.
Mr. Velde, I am sure that the committee will wish you godspeed
upon your journey.
Mr. Clardy. It may interest you to know some of us are going over
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3797
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 42
(Part 1)
10c
An
AMERICAN CHURCHMAN
IN THE SOVIET UNION
by
The REVEREND LOUIE D. NEWTON
President of The Southern Baptist Convention
With an Introduction by
Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam,
President of the Federal Council of
the Churches of Christ in America
and a Statement
About Religion in Russia, issued
by the Union of Evangelical
Christian Baptists of the V.S.S.R.
A Publication of
The AMERICAN RUSSIAN INSTITUTE
58 Park Avenue, New York 16, N. Y.
3798 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 42
(Part 2)
Introduction
by
BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
President of the
Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America
DR. LOUIE D. NEWTON, distinguished and devoted preacher, President
of the Southern Baptist Convention, begins his interesting and inform-
ing report on Soviet Russia with the statement,"! am not an expert on Russia."
Unlike some visitors to Russia, Dr. Newton is wise enough to know that a
brief sojourn in that vast and complex land does not give an individual the
right to pose as an expert. His articles are honest reporting by an honest man.
In them is no pretense. He tells what he saw, and allows the reader to draw
his own conclusions. Dr. Newton had his eyes open. He did not enter Russia
wearing glasses that give everything a roseate hue nor glasses so smoked by
prejudice that they reflect simply the views held before the trip began.
Dr. Newton believes that he was free to go where he pleased, to see
whom he pleased, and to ask what he pleased. Other members of the
delegation hold the same opinion. He reports that his Baptist co-
religionists are of the opinion that they are free to preach what they
believe and to pratice their beliefs without any hindrance of the State. De-
scriptions of the ruined cities, of the devastated areas, are vivid, and should
be read with care in these hours of tension. The Russian people suffered
perhaps more than any people during the War. They felt the full impact of
the German attack, and were crushed beneath brutalities so bestial as to beg-
gar description. The story of the sixteen Partisans, re-told in speech at once
heart-breaking and challenging, should be pondered by Americans.
The "Yearbook of American Churches, 1945" reports 72,492,669 church
members in the United States. This is the largest number of church members
and the highest percentage of church members to population in the history
of the nation. Many millions more are related to the churches, because, in the
majority of Protestant denominations, but a small percentage of the children
are included in the membership. Consequently, a discussion of religion in
the U.S.S.R. is of great interest to the American people.
In 1926, after interviews with many leaders of the Soviet Government,
an American Commission was requested to report its impressions to the
Russians. It fell to me to discuss religion. I tried to point out that dogmatic
atheism was as unscientific as dogmatic theism. I sought to stress the social
teachings of Jesus and His insistence that men and not things were the goal
13]
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3799
OXNAM EXHIBIT NO. 42
(Part 3)
of social living, His proclamation of the solidarity of the human family, His
stressing of the supremacy of the common good. I argued that democracy itself
rested upon the basic Christian teaching of the supremacy of personality. At
the close, a distinguished leader in education arose and said, "I understand
you are a man of the schools, but I do not understand you. Religion is a tool
used by the capitalist to keep the worker in subjection. It is superstitution.
It is not necessary for us to attack it; we shall train the children of tomor-
row in the scientific attitude of mind and in a philosophy of materialism.
Religion cannot survive." But religion was attacked.
Recently a fundamental change of policy was announced.
Has the innate yearning of the Russian people for God, their deep mysti-
cism, proved stronger than the attack of the Atheists? Is Russia about to make
a fundamental contribution to the religious life of the world? In a word,
during the decades of struggle to establish social justice, has Russia held
fast to an underlying faith in the Father of us all, to a basic loyalty to Jesus
of Nazareth, and now are such faith and such loyalty ready to summon the
world to the social application of the ethical ideals of religion? Or is all this
a political accommodation upon the part of the Soviet Government to the
actualities?
Dr. Newton does nol attempt to answer these questions. He describes what
he saw in churches and reports 'what he learned in interviews.
The Church leadership in the United States of America among the Protes-
tant communions looks forward to increasing participation of the Eastern
Orthodox Churches in the World Council of Churches and to fuller coopera-
tion by such Protestant communions as the Baptist Church with the Baptist
Church in Russia. The .Eastern Orthodox Churches and the Protestant com-
munions are fundamentally democratic in organization, in spirit, and in
doctrine. It is possible that the cooperation now developing between the
Protestant communions and the Eastern Orthodox Churches, involving such
nations as Great Britain, the United States of America, and Russia may
provide the unifying force so essential to the United Nations.
With so much at stake, understanding must be reached. The report of
Dr. Newton is a contribution to this understanding. I trust it may be widely
read.
In the extraordinary statement on Soviet-American Relations recently
released by the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America, it is
declared, "War with Russia can be avoided, and must be avoided without
compromise of basic convictions." The report deals with the unavoidable
tensions that do exist in the realm of belief, and calls upon both the American
and the Russian people to renounce, in their efforts to spread abroad their
ways of life, the method of intolerance. It deals with the avoidable tensions
and the method of adjustment. It then considers national interests and inter-
national cooperation, and calls for an interchange of views or a flow of
understanding from one people to another. Dr. Newton has made significant
contribution to this high end, and his booklet deserves careful consideration
by thinking Americans.
[4]
3800 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
to see what they are doing with Uncle Sam's dollars too, and don't for-
get the little private session you and I will have when we get back.
Bishop Oxnam. We will have a good time, and you told me you
were Irish, and we will have a wonderful time.
Mr. Kunzig. I have no further questions to ask this witness, Mr.
Chairman.
Mr. Jackson. I have no further questions, but I would like to ask
that we interpose the citations in each instance of the various organi-
zations, and I request that in cases of organizations where there are
citations that those citations be included at the appropriate point in
the record. ■
Mr. Velde. Without objection, that will be so done.
Bishop Oxnam. Does that include organizations to which I do not
belong?
Mr. Jackson. My motion deals with the organizations upon which
you have been questioned and in which there are exhibits.
Mr. Velde. Does the gentleman reserve the right to object?
Mr. Doyle. Yes, unless our printed record also shows the date on
which it was f and to be subversive, if it was. In other words, that
the finding of the Attorney General will show the date upon which he
arrived at the conclusion that it was subversive, if it was.
Mr. Velde. The gentleman knows that the files include those facts.
Mr. Doyle. I have seen some files that do not include that fact.
Mr. Jackson. I have no objection to that.
Mr. Doyle. Mr. Chairman, may I ask this question ?
Mr. Velde. Let us get this matter straightened out first. Does the
gentleman have objection to the listing of the citation if the date of
the citation is mentioned?
Mr. Kunzig. The date is mentioned in every instance.
Mr. Clardy. I think there is cross-examination that identifies that,
but I think it is customary to have it in and I would like to see it
there.
Mr. Doyle. I think I will not object to that.
In answer to a question I think it has been very unfortunate and
a lot of organizations have been referred to which, only by inference,
could this witness be entitled to have any connection with, even in-
directly. I was hoping that it would not be printed and go out in
the United States. It will be taken inferentially and we all know
it will. Those people will not read the fact that he was never a mem-
ber of it, and the fact that his name was identified with it will be
enough for them and the fact that he has testified he was not a mem-
ber of it, and we have no evidence that he was a member, and I think
that is the damnable part of it. I use that language because I feel
just that way about it.
Mr. Velde. I understand the gentleman has no objection, so, with-
out objection, the citations as asked by the gentleman from California,
Mr. Jackson, will be inserted after each organization, and may the
Chair say this, I believe that if the bishop would not object to having
this material in the record along with your denial, and it may be true
as the gentleman from California says that some people may not read
the bishop's statement regarding this but unfortunately the chairman
cannot do anything about that. (See footnotes 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
12, 13, 14, 15,'and 16.)
Mr. Doyle. I was going to add to Mr. Jackson's request that it be
plainly stated in our print, whatever we make opposite every list in
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3801
which the bishop's name appears, that he has testified that he was
not a member of this organization, and then if that page is torn out
and used by some sneak thief we cannot help it, but I believe the
bishop is entitled to that protection.
This witness has said in a statement and said 2 or 3 times, that
he was never a member of the Communist Party. I did not hear any
member ask him plainly whether or not he ever had been. I want
to ask him whether or not he has ever been.
Mr. Clardy. I want to object to it and I think that being in the
record leaves a bad inference. I object.
Mr. Doyle. I ask that if this committee has any evidence that this
witness was ever a member of the Communist Party that we now
produce it. We have tied him up with a lot of organizations that
we know have been identified as Communist fronts and so that there
will be no question about what this committee has in the way of evi-
dence, whether or not this witness was ever a Communist, I am ask-
ing that if we have any such evidence we now produce it. That will
be helpful in clearing this man's record without any mistakes in this
hearing.
Mr. Clardy. May I ask the bishop a question ?
Mr. Velde. Yes.
Mr. Clardy. You have been here all day and haven't you heard us
make it abundantly clear what we think about that, and aren't you
satisfied with what we have said?
Bishop Oxnam. I appreciate what Mr. Doyle has said. I do recall
what Mr. Clardy has said, but it seems to me that the record that
included what Mr. Doyle has said might be helpful. I don't know if
this committee learned how its documents are misused by organizations
that deliberately seek to destroy one's character, and it seems to me
that that protection of that kind should be given, and I am not speak-
ing for myself but for others, and it is a very valuable matter, and I
appreciate this and understand what Mr. Clardy said.
Mr. Velde. What was the gentleman from California desiring in the
listing of these citations? Will you ask unanimous consent or move?
Mr. Doyle. I move that the record show in these hearings that this
committee has no record of any Communist Party affiliation or mem-
bership by Bishop Oxnam.
Mr. Jackson. I second the motion.
Mr. Velde. Is there objection to the motion of the gentleman from
California ? If not, the motion is carried.
Mr. Doyle. I make the further motion that after every listing of
the bishop's name in any group which we have discussed today that it
be clearly printed wherever the bishop has denied membership that he
did deny membership, and let the record stand on that so that any
person reading the list of names in this publication, in our committee
publication, will see it right before him that the bishop said he was
never a member of that organization. We cannot do less. That is
what the bishop testified to. Why not let the people know what he
testified to?
Mr. Jackson. We have been here for many, many hours taking testi-
mony of denial or affirmation in the instances where it was pertinent.
The record is voluminous, and it will speak for itself as I believe it
should speak for itself. Therefore, I am constrained to object to the
motion.
43620^54 15
3802 TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM
Mr. Doyle. May I say that my distinguished colleague from Cali-
fornia well knows that there will be some pages of what we print that
will be read and some pages not, and many times in the testimony of
this witness that he was not a member of this organization or that one
it will never be read by the people. They will read portions and they
will never read his testimony that he was not a member. Consequently,
the bishop will again be done a rank injustice. I see no harm. It will
not cost us any more money to say that Bishop Oxnam was not a mem-
ber of that organization.
Mr. Velde. After the citation ?
Mr. Doyle. Yes. It is only one line to print,
Mr. Velde. Does the gentleman from California object?
Mr. Jackson. Yes, on the ground that the positive denial is a matter
of testimony. It is set forth not only once in most instances but several
times due to duplicating questions from committee members or
counsel. It is affirmatively set forth in all instances where the bishop
was not a member of the organization, and it is so positively affirmed,
and I believe that will be perfectly clear to anyone who reads the
record that such a denial was in there, I am constrained to
object to the motion largely clue to the fact that it might establish
precedent for further hearings where we would be forced into the
position of having to annotate or make substantial additions to the
actual physical testimony which is taken. Therefore, I object.
Mr. Clardy. It is doing the very thing that everybody objects to, of
making this committee draw conclusions they should not be drawing.
What are you going to do in the case of the organizations to which the
bishop freely and frankly admitted he belonged ? Are we going to put
in yes, he belonged to that organization? You are doing him a
disservice.
Mr. Doyle. Of course, the gentleman from Michigan is again
wrong. I am not asking any such thing as he has indicated. The
gentleman from Michigan and my distinguished colleague from Cali-
fornia want our printed record to be as clear as crystal that this
witness has testified that he is not a member of this organization,
identified the organization. Can that hurt anybody ?
Mr. Jackson. On ground that the printed words will be just as
clear as crystal, I object.
Mr. Velde. The question is on the motion of the gentleman from
California, Mr. Doyle.
All those in favor of the motion signify by raising their right hand ;
all those opposed to the motion signify by raising their right hand.
Those in opposition are greater in number. The motion is defeated.
Bishop Oxnam. Before Mr. Jackson goes, may I be permitted one
word ? I would like to say this, Mr. Jackson ; you suggested that you
were going to call on me after our debate. That did not work out
but I would like to sit with you some day and point out the total amount
of time that I have given to any one of the organizations referred to
here today and add it up and if it amounts to more than 3 months in
30 years of service I will have to say that there was some truth in the
statement that I served the Communist front down through so many
years. But if it shows that the total is less than 3 months, I am sure
you would feel that the statement you made was an exaggeration and
certainly after all it did not really represent your heart and, may I say,
your mind.
TESTIMONY OF BISHOP G. BROMLEY OXNAM 3803
Mr. Jackson. May I say with relation to the meeting which lias been
mentioned, that when the hearing elate was finally established it oc-
curred to me that I was in something of a quasi- judicial capacity as a
member of the committee and it would probably not be appropriate to
have such a meeting until after these hearings had been held. That
is the reason we did not get together.
Mr. Clardy. I will ask some other questions when you come into
my office, and at that time I shall want you to set at rest a number of
things that have been troubling me. I think you have some fair idea
of what they are. You have indicated and I told you that I am partly
Irish. I am one of the Protestant members of this committee. Your
statement might have left a different impression.
Bishop Oxnam. Oh, no ; there are many Irish Protestants, sir.
Mr. Claedy. So I suspect. I could ask him questions the rest of
the night and keep him from sailing, but I will not do that.
Mr. Yelde. Mr. Walter, do you have any further questions ?
Mr. Walter. No questions.
Bishop Oxnam. I would like to thank you personally for your
courtesy throughout the day. I know at times I have talked at length.
At no time have you rapped the gavel, and I appreciate that very much.
Mr. Velde. I hope you appreciate that the chairman has a duty
which is not always easy, not only to the members of the committee
but to the Congress and the country as well.
Bishop Oxnam. Yes, sir ; I do appreciate that.
Mr. Velde. I want to say to the witness that the members of the
committee appreciate the manner of ironing this matter out and as I
have stated before if you have further information about any of these
matters the committee will appreciate hearing it.
Bishop Oxnam. Thank you very much.
Mr. Velde. The committee will stand adjourned.
(Whereupon, at 12 : 20 a. m., Wednesday, July 22, 1953, the hearing
was adjourned.)
INDEX
Individuals
Page
Aaron, Harold 3001
Abbey, Merrill R 3700
Abbott, Edith 3039
Abbott, Grace 3038, 3009
Abele, Ralph C 3001, 3705
Abramson, I rving 3009
Abson, Mel vi'n 3080
Aee, Goodman opposite 3024
Aekerly, George A 3705
Acklev, Charles B 3001, 36S0
Adamic, Louis 3009, opposite 3010, opposite 3024,3025,3001,3080
Adams, Carlyle 3705
Adams, Comfort A 3061
Adams, Edward 3783
Adams, F. W 3756, 3704
Adams, George P 3001
Adams, James Luther 3641, 3644, 3080, 3681
Adams, Samuel Hopkins 3001, 3080
Addes, George F 3009, 3088
Addis, Tliomas 3039, 3001, 3609
Addison, Charles Morris 3705
Adler, Evelyn 3001
Adler, Stella 3080
Aiken, Edwin E., Jr 3001, 3705
Ainsworth, William Newman 3622, 3624, 3026. 3027
Aleksander, Bozhidar opposite 3046
Aleksander, Irina opposite 3046, opposite 3649, 30.10
Alexander, Gross W 3001,3705
Alexander, Will 3087, 3091
Allen, Devere 3038, 3009
Allen, Edward S 3001
Allen, Fay E 3001
Allen, Harland 3008
Allen, James Egert 3001
Allen, James S 3038
Allen, Louis 3709
Allen, Rav 3756, 3704
Allen, Wilbur C 3001, 3705
Allinger, Albert 3705, 3700
Allison, George D 3705
Allport, Gordon W 3040, 3661
Allured, Paul Johnson 3001, 3705
Alper, Michael 3001, 3705
Alpert, Carl 3001
Alpiger, Earl 3001
Alt, Herchel 3039
Amdur, Isadore 3001
Ancharsky, Peter P opposite 3049
Anderson, Charles W., Jr 308S
Anderson, Dorothy 3001
Anderson, Marian 3080
Anderson, Maxwell 3009
Anderson, Mrs. Maxwell 3640
3805
3806 index
Page
Anderson, Sherwood 3639, 3670
Anderson, Mrs. Sherwood 3688
Anderson, William C 3661, 3705
Anshen, Ruth Nanda 3644, 3678
Anthes, Philip E 3705
Anthonv, Robenia » 3661
Apelian, Bedros K 3661,3705
Appel, Benjamin 3661
Archibald, Sanford 3643
Argow, W. Waldermar W 3705
Armitage, William T 3705
Arms, John Taylor 3609
Armstrong, C. A 3688
Arndt, Elmer J. F 3661,3705
Arnold, Leslie 3607
Arnold, Leslie R 3661
Arrau, Clandio 3680
Ashbrook, Harriette 3661
Atkins, Mrs. Edwin F 3607
Auer, J. A. C. Fagginger 3607
Aunian, Lester Ward 3757, 3760
Auman, O. W 3756,3764
Austin, Charles 3661
Austin, Elsie 3688
Avery, Chester 3616
Avev, Clarence F 3705
Avnet, F. Duke 3661
Aydelotte, Frank 3609
Avers, Jule 3638
Babb, Hugh W 3607
Babeock, David 3616
Backer, Wayne 3661
Backus, E. Burdette 3705
Bacon, Peggv 3661
Baehr, George 3639, 3669
Bagnall, Robert W 3705
Bailey, Donald W 3661
Bailev, Percival 3639, 3669
Baker, Elizabeth 3661
Baker, Frank E 3661
Baker, Helen Cody 3661
Baker, James C 3596, 3680, 3705, 3756-3758, 3764
Bakke, Jane 3643
Baldwin, DeWitt C 3760
Baldwin, James F 3661
Baldwin, Joseph Clark 3609, 3688
Baldwin, Roger 3626, 3632, 3656
Baldwin, Roger N 3755
Ball, Archey D 3661,3705,3760
Ball, Lee H 3661,3705,3759
Bailer, Albert H 3661
Balliett, Mrs. Carlton, Jr 3640
Balmer, Martha H 3661
Balokovic, Zlatko 3608
Bansall, Robert W 3661
Barbour, Russell Conwell 3631, 3644, 3681
Barclay, Wade Crawford 3680, 3756, 3757, 3759, 3764
Barker, Robert F 3763
Barlen, William 3661
Barlow, S. L. M 3661, 3678
Barlow, William 3705
Barnes, Professor 3784
Barnes, Roswell P 3691
Barnett, Albert 3759
Barnett, Eugene E 3609
Barnouw, Adriaan J 3661
Barr, Norman B 3661
INDEX 3807
Page
Barrett, Edward E 3705
Barrow, John 3661
Barrow, Lionel C ?^^
Barrows, Alice 3669
Bartee, John 3661
Barth, Joseph 3661
Bartholomew, Jesse E 3705
Bartholomew, Marshall E 3661, 3705
Barton, Anne 3795
Barton, Lane W 3705
Barzin, Leon 3640
Bates, Henry C 3688
Bath, Cyril 36Q8
Batt, William L opposite 3598, 3609
Bauerberg, Paul J 3661
Baxter, Robert 3705
Bay, Howard 3661
Bayer, Theodore 3608, opposite 3646, opposite 3649
Beach, Joseph Warren 3661
Beach, King D 3756, 3764
Beard, Charles A 3784
Bearden, Bessye J 3661
Beardslee, Lyndon S 3705
Beardsley, John 3755
Beck, F. O 3756, 3764
Becker, C. Harrison .- 3661
Bedaeht, Max 3609, 3661
Beebe, Albert E 3768, 3774
Beecher, Lyman 3591
Beers, Samuel G . 3759
Behrman, S. N 36S0
Beiler. Irwin R , 3760
Bein, Albert 3680
Bek, Alexander opposite 3646
Belester, Alice S 3609, 3661
Belfrage, Cedrie 3641, 3650
Bell, Oliver W 3661. 3705
Bell. Thomas 3661
Beman, John B 3613, 3614
Bemis. Gray 3P61
Bender, George H 3697, 3699
Render, John F 3760
Benedetto. John D 3705
Benet, William Rose__,. 3609,
opposite 3624, 3625, opposite 3646, opposite 3649, 3650, 3661, 3680, 3688
Ben.iamin, Harold 3661
Benjamin, Mrs. Harold 3661
Beniamin, Metropolitan 3609
Bennett, A. G. Bramwell 3705
Bennett, John C 3661
Bennett, Rocer W 3705
Bennett, S. R 3661
Bennett, William R 3705
Benson, Elmer A 3661, 3680
Berezovsky, Mrs. Nicolai 3680
Berger, Mrs. Victor L 3638
Bergstrom, R. W 3661
Bernard, John T 3638. 3669
Bernstein, Leonard opposite 3624, 3680
Berrv, Mrs. Theodore 3759
Bessie, Alvah 3661, 3680
Bethune, Mary McLeod 3608, 3638, 3661, 3677, 3687, 3757, 3760
Bethuruw, Dorothy 3661
Bettinger, M. C 3613, 3615, 3722
3808 INDEX
Page
Bibhv. Henrv Lambert 3G09, 3661, 3760
Bicknell, John 3661
Biddle, Constance 36.17
Biddle. Constance E 3601
Biddle, Francis 3622, 3624, 3652, 36,88
Biddle, Ceorce 3638
Billings, Taul B 3705
Billincton. Rav A 3061
Binaer. Carl A. L 3601
Binner, Clarida G 3661
Bingham, Barry 3088
Birse, Raymond T 3061
Birkhead, L. M 3044, 36S0, 30S1
Birkhoff, Georse D 3607, 3609
Bishara, K. A 3661
Bishop, Shelton Hale 3626, 3705
Biornherci. Esther 3756, 3764
Black, Algernon D 3680
Black, Ivan 3661
Blackhnrn, .John IT 3756
Blackman, John C 3705
Black-well. Alice Stone 3607, 3661
Blake. Fdjrar 3596
Blake, Howard W ' 3661
Blakeman, E. W 3756, 3764
Blanchard, Leslie 3691
B'ancharrl. Myles D 3661
Bledsoe. Ta ylor 3661
Blitzstein, Marc opposite 3624
Bloch, Dina 3687
Bloch, Mrs. Louis 3609
Block, Anita 3609, 3680
Block. S. John 3639
Bloom. Maurice J 3661, 3705
Bloor. E'la Reeve 3785
Blonnt. R. E 3661
Blnmbere:. Isidore 3680
Blnme, Peter 3639
BlnmPr, George 3001
Blv, John M 3601
Boas. Ernest P 3639, 3661, 3609, 36S0
Boas, Franz 3657
Bohilin. Rohert 3763
Rodanzkv, Arthur 3640
Bok. Bart J 3661
BoUincer, Hiel D 3760
Bollinser, John W 3661
Bond, Ahva J. C 3661
Bone. Hn"h A 3061
Bon^all. Edward! H., Jr 3661,3705
Boohar, Lester L 3661, 3705
Boothrovd, Philip H 3661
Boretz. Allen ■ 3661
Borcese, O. A 3642-3644
Borins. Frlwin G 3661
Bosley, Harold . 3760
Boss, Charles F„ Jr 3759
Bouchard. Thomas 3678
Bondin, Louis B 3639, 3661
Bonwman. J. Burt , 3705
Bowen, E. P 3760
Bowie, Jean L 3661
Bowie. W. Russell 3691, 3705
Bowman. LeRov 3638
Boyd, John Taylor, Jr opposite 3624
INDEX 3809
Page
Bovd, Norma E 3G88
Boyden, Mrs. W. L 3607
Boyer, Richard O , 3661
Boyesen, Bayard 3661
Braden, Charles S 3644, 36S1
Bradley, Dwight 3638, 3661, 3669, 370f>
Bragg, J. D 3677
Bragg, Mrs. J. D 3688
Brailowskv, Alexander 3680
Brainin, Joseph 3642, 3644, 36S0
Brainhall, Frederick D 3661
Branch, Mary E 3661
Brand, Millen opposite 3646, opposite 3649, 3650
Brandeis, Mrs. Louis D 3661
Brannan, Eleanor 3638
Brant, Irving 3688
Brashares, Charles W 3757, 3759
Brawley, James P 3759
Brav, James A 3643, 3644
Brazeal, Blailsford R 3661
Brazell, Roy 3661
Breckenridge, Sophonisba 3609, 3657, 3661
Breckstone, William 3661
Breines, Simon 3609
Bressler, Joseph 3661
Brewer, James L 3661
Brewster, Benjamin 3638, 3669, 3670
Brewster, Dorothy 3661
Brewster, Edward H 3705
Brickner, Barnett R 3688
Bridge, John 3661
Bridges, Harry 3595, 3622, 3693, 3698, 3702-3704, 37S0
Briegleb, Gustav A 3722
Brigham, John W 3705
Brightman, Edgar S 3607, 3760
Brin, Alexander 3607
Bristol, Frank O 3613, 3614
Broach, Howell Hamilton 3691
Brocknnier, Samuel Hugh 3661
Brodovsky, B opposite 3649
Brodsky, Joseph R 3661
Broline, J. E 3661
Bromley, Charles L 3705
Bronfenbrenner, Jacques J 3639, 3669
Brooks, Jerome E 3661
Brooks, Lawrence G 3607
Brooks, Robert N 3758
Brooks, Thomas E 3705
Brooks, Van Wyck 3609, 3639, 3661, 36S0
Brophy, Joseph 3691
Broughton, Charles E 3661
Broun, Heywood 3640, 3670
Brousseau, Jule 3661
Browder, Earl opposite 3610, 3622, 3624, 3748
Brown, Charlotte Hawkins 3661
Brown, Edwin A 3760
Brown, Edwin E 3705
Brown, Esther Lucile 3661
Brown, George L 3661
Brown, Harold 3661
Brown, Harold Chapman 3661
Brown, Sara W 3661
Browne, Alfred A 3661
Browning, Robert Evans 3705
Bruce, H. S 3662
Brudick, E Z 3662
3810 INDEX
Page
Brummitt, Dan B 3756, 3764
Bruinmitt, Stella W 3756, 3764
Brunner, Edmund De S 3662
Bruno, Frank 3662
Buck, Ashley 3662
Bucke, Emory 3760
Buckmaster, Henrietta opposite 3624, opposite 3646, opposite, 3649, 3650
Budenz, Louis 3629-3633, 3637
Buehrer, Edwin T 3662, 3705
Bugbee, L. H 3756, 3764
Burehem, George A 3760
Burgess, E. W 3609
Burgum, Edwin Berry 3680
Burke, John P 3609
Burke, Walter J 3662
Burlage, Henry M 3662
Burnham, Dorothy 3763
Burnham, Louis E 3662
Burns, Harold 3759
Burns, M. P 3756, 3764
Burr, Jane 3662
Burrows, Millar 3705
Burt, Sam 3662, 3680
Butler, Allan M opposite 3624, 3760
Butler, Elmer W 3662
Butler, J. George 3760
Butler, Stanard Dow 3662, 3705
Buttriek, George A 3631
Buys, John L 3662
Bynner, Witter 3662
Cable, Warren Canfleld 3705
Cabot, Hugh 3607
Cadden, Joseph 3638
Caesar, Irving 3657
Cahill, Edward A 3662,3705
Cahill, Holger opposite 3646, opposite 3649, 3650
Cahn, William 3662
Calkins, Charles L 3705
Callister, Mrs. J. Henry 3691
Campbell, Donald S 3705
Campbell, Eva 3662
Cannon, Walter B 3607, 3639, 3669, 3670
Caplin, Jonah E 3705
Capozzi, Francis C 3662
Capper, Arthur 3609, 3688
Carhart, Charles L 3705
Carleton, R. T 3688
Carlson, Anton J 3639, 3669
Carmichael, Ralph M 3705
Carnovsky, Morris 3640, 3662
Carpenter, John Alden 3640
Carr, Robert K 3752,3754
Carter, Elmer 3626
Carter, Isabelle K 3662
Carter, J. Franklin 3705
Carter, Wendell R 3760
Cary, Dorothea Cable 3607
Cary, William H., Jr 3607
Casals, Pablo 3640
Case, Harold C 3757
Case, William More 3662
Casey, G. P 3662
Casey, Thomas E 3662
Cassidy, Harry M 3662
Cavert, Inez M 3691
Cerf, Bennett 3678
Chafee, Zechariah, Jr 3662
INDEX 3811
Page
Chaffel, Merlyn A 3680
Chakerian, Charles G 3662
Challman, Robert C 3662
Chalmers, Ruthven S 3705
Chan, Hansu 3622
Chaney, Stewart 3680
Chaplin, Charles 3609
Chapman, D. W 3662
Chapman, Oscar L 3609
Chappell, Winifred 3742, 3743, 3745, 3747, 3756, 3760, 3764
Charlton, Louise 3657, 3662
Charry, Elias 3662, 3705
Charwood, Kit Kat 3626
Chase, Allen 3656, 3678
Chase, Don M 3662, 3705, 3760
Chase, Russell N 3662
Chase, William J 3705
Chi, Chao-Tsing , 3626
Child, Dudley R 3705
Childs, John L 3787
Chodorov, Jerome opposite 3624, 3630
Chotzinoff, Samuel 3640
Christensen, Thomas 3680
Christmas, Alvin B 3662
Christoffel, Harold 3662
Christopher, Paul R 3662
Christy, Bayard H 3691
Chubb, James 3760
Church, Robert R 3688
Chworowsky, Karl M 3680
Chiang Kai-shek 3627
Clark, Arthur T 3705
Clark, Benjamin H 3662, 3705
Clark, Elizabeth Louise (Mrs. George H. Clark) 3613,3614
Clark, Elmer C 3662
Clark, Tom 3601, 3622, 3624, 3652, 3656
Clark, Walter Van Tilburg 3680
Clark, Edwin L 3688
Clarke, Merrill F 3662, 3705
Clary, George, Sr 3760
Clausen, Bernard C 3644, 3631
Clay, Lucius B 3724
Clayburgh, Alma 3680
Clement, Rufus E 3688
Clogston, B. L 3613, 3614
Clothier, Robert C 3609
Cluka, Earl L 3662
Coates, Robert opposite 3624
Cobb, Henry Everton 3705
Cobbledick, M. Robert 3662
Cochran, William F 3609, 3688
Coe, Charles J 3662
Coe, George A 3662, 3756 3760, 3764
Coffee, John M 3609, 3678, 3679
Coffin, Henry S 3609
Coffman, Harold G 3662
Cohen, Henry 3662
Cohen, Louis H 3662
Cole, Elbert 3760
Cole, Wilson G 3757
Coleman, Norman F 3662
Coller, Frederick Amassa 3639,3669,3670
Colling, Thomas B 3662
Collins, Charles - 3680
Collins, G. L 3705
Collis, Ralph Hall 3705
Colman, Louis 3662
3812 INDEX
Page
Colquhoun, J. Ross 3662, 3705
Comfort, E. N 3662
Compton, Karl Taylor 3607, 3609
Comstock, C. Clayton 3662
Condit, Edward M 3705
Connolly, Eugene P 3662, 3678
Conover, E. M 3662, 3705, 3760
Constance, Lincoln 3662
Convis, Lewis A 3705
Cook, Jerome E 3662
Cooke, George S 3662,3705
Coolidre, Mrs. Charles A 3607
Coolidge, Elizabeth Sprague 3662
Coons, Alfred II 3705
Cooper, D. B 3003, opposite 3610, 3610, 3611
Cooper, Esther V 3002
Cooper, Russell M 3760
Cooper, T. C - 3680
Copland, Aaron 3609, 36S0
Corbet t, Harvey Wiley 3008
Corbett, Orlo C 3662
Cordner. George M 3705
Corev, Jeff 3795
Corev, Paul 3662
Cori, Carl F 3639,3609
Corson, Fred P 3680
Corwin, Norman 3609, 3680
Cosorove, William 3680
Costisran, Giovanni 3662
Costigan, Howard G 3638
Cotton, Bessie Boyce 3626
Cotton, J. A 3662
Cotton. J. Harry 3705
Comzhlin 3660
Counts, Frederick A 3662
Cowan, Thomas L 3662
Cowles, John H 3680
Cowlev. Malcolm 3639
Cox, Alva I 3760
Cox, Gilbert S 3757, 3759
Cox, Philip W. L 3662
Covle, Albert F 3691
Covle, Grace L 3639, 3662
Craig, Clarence T 3760
Craig, John J 3613,3614,3722
Craik, Charles E., Jr 3705
Cram, Mrs. J. Sergeant 3691
Cramlet, C. M 3R62
Crandall, Frank D 3662, 3705
Crane, Henry Hitt 3662, 3757, 3759
Crane, John O 3608
Cravner, William C 3662,3705
Craw. Harold E 3705
Crawford, Arthur M 3662, 3705
Crawford, B. F 3705
Crawford, George 3763
Crawford, William H 3688
Creighton, Thomas opposite 3624
Cressey. Paul F 3662
Cronbach. Abraham 3062
Cross, Ephraim 3662
Cross, H. W 3662
Crotwell. Helen 3763
Crum, Ba rtley ' 3678
Cullen, Countee 3639, 3657
Curran, Joseph 3609, 3627, 3662, 3678
index 3813
Page
Current, Gloster B 3760
Curry, Albert 3700
Curry, Mrs. J. W 3760
Curtis, Edward Ely 3(i62
Curtiss, Elizabeth Armour , 36G2
Cushing, Hazel Morton 3662
Cushruan, Ralph S 3705
Cuthbert, Marion 3626
Cutler, Wolcott 3705
Dade, Malcolm G 3705
Dahl, George 3662
Dahlberg, Edwin T 3705
Damaskinos, Archbishop 3591
Dana, Henry W. L 3607,8662
Daniel, John I 3662
Darcy, Sam 3652
Dashiell, John F 3640
Davenport, Marcia 3662
Davey, Harold W 8662
Davidman, Joy 3662
Davidoff, Leo M 36N0
Davidson, Jo 3609, opposite 3624, 3625, 3680
Davidson, Maurice P 3639
Davies, A. Powell 3680
Davies, Joseph E 3609, opposite 3646, opposite 3649, 3650,3777
Davies, Raymond Arthur opposite 3646
Davies, W. Ellis 3678
d'Avila, Fred 3662
Davis, David 3639, 3662, 3669
Davis, Earl C 3662, 3705
Davis, Frank C 3662
Davis, Herbert John 3609
Davis, Jerome 3594, 3638, 3644. 3669. 3681, 3691. 3766-3768,
3771, 3774, 3777, 3779-3787, 3794
Davis, Lewis H 3662
Davis, John P 3626, 3662
Davis, John W 3662
Davis, Joseph N. C 3706
Davis. Lewis H 3706
Davis, M. R 3680
Dawber. Mark A 3044, 3681. 3760
Dawson, William L 3688
Day. A. E 3756, 3764
Day, Gardner M 3706
Day, John Warren 3662, 3706
Dav, Robert B 3R62
Dean. Vera Micheles 3768, 3769, 3771, 3772, 3774, 3778. 3789
Dearborn, Ned H 3787
De Berminsham, Mrs. Ferdinand 3678
Decker, W. J 3662
De Kruif, Paul 3670
DeLacv, Hu^rh 3609, 3662
Delany, Hubert T 3639
Deming, Eleanor 3662
Denerstein, Hy 3662
Denison, Doris P 8760
Denman, Harry 3760
Dennett, E. P 3756, 3764
Dennis. Walter 3662
Depp, Mark 3760
DeSilver, Albert 3755
Destler, Chester McA 3662
Detweiler. Charles S 3706
Detzer, Dorothy 3638, 3669
Deutsch, Babette 3662
Deutsch, Monroe E 3609
Devine, Edw. T 3756, 3764
3814 INDEX
Page
DeVries, Charles 3662, .3706
Dewey, Thomas E 3724
De Witt, Dale 3626, 3662, 3680, 3688
Diamond, Moses opposite 3624
DiDonato, Pietro 3657
Dieffenbach, Albert O 3607
Dies, Martin 3660, 3754
Dietrich, John H 3662
Dietz, Howard 3680
Diffendorf, D. F 3756,3764
Diffqendorfer, Ralph E 3626,
3680, 3756, 3759, 3764, 3768, 3769, 3771, 3772, 3774, 3776, 3777
Dillard, James H 3691
Dilley, Marjorie 3662
Dilling, Elizabeth 3603, opposite 3610
Dillion, George 3662
Dimock, Hedley S 3662
Dixon, Dean 3680
Dizer, W. D 3662
Dobie, J. Frank 3688
Dodd, Bella V 3662
Dodd, Martha opposite 3624
Dodd, William E 3595, opposite 3610, 3622, 3623, 3626
Dodge, Stanley D l 3662
Dodge, Witherspoon 3662
Doggett, Caxton 3761
Dolivet, Mrs. Louis 36S0
Dombrowski, James A 3662, 3760
Donnan, Elizabeth 3662
Donovan, Arnold 3662
Doob, Leonard W 3640
Dorchester, Donald H 3706
Dorr, M. E 3761
Doubek, Julius 3662
Douglas, Dorothy 360S
Douglas, Harl R 3662
Douglas, Paul H 3638, 3669, 3784
Douglass, Truman B 3706
Downes, Olin opposite 3624, 3640, 3662, 3678
Downs, Karl 3759
Drake, Alfred opposite 3624
Draper, Muriel opposite 3624, 3640, 3662
Dreiser, Theodore 3639, opposite 3646, opposite 3649, 3650, 3662, 3670
Driesen, Daniel 3662
Drow, Charles R 3688
Dubinsky, David opposite 3766
DuBois, Guy Pene 36.80
DuBois, Paul 3759
DuBois, W. E. B 3796
Dudley, William H 3662
Duggan, Stephen 3609
Duke, Vernon 3680
Dukes, H. N 3706
Dukes, Herbert N 3662
Dulles, John Foster opposite 3598, 3741, 3765, 3769, 3770, 3773, 3779
Dumper, Arthur 3662, 3706
Dunn, John 3662
Dunn, Leslie C 3608
Dunn, Robert W 3755, 3787
Dunning, James E 3761
Dunnington, L. L 3761
DuPont, Zara 3662
Durr, Virginia Foster 3687
Dusenbery, Elizabeth 3688
Dutrow, Clara 3761
Dybvik, M. O 3663
Dykstra, C. A 3609
INDEX 3815
Page
Dzenit, John 3663
Earl, Stanley 3688
Easton, David 3634
Eaton, Horace A 3663
Ebinger, F. C 3756, 3764
Eddy, Clyde 3663
Eddv, Robert 3763
Eddy, Sherwood 3638, 3657, 3669, 3691, 3787
Edelen, C. G 3663
Edmonson 3659
Edwards, J. Earle 3663, 3706
Edwards, T. L 3663
Egley, Charles D 3663
Ehrensperger, Harold 3761
Eiles, Gilbert S 3663
Einhorn, Nat 3663
Einstein, Albert opposite 3598, 3609, 3638, 3663, 3669, 3670
Eisenhower, Dwight D 3602, 3724
Ekins. Grove F 3706
Eklund, Clarence 3663
Elder, J. Edwin 3706
Elderkin, Noble S 3691
Eldridge, Mrs. Lewis A 3663
Eldridge, Lewis A., Jr 3663
Eldridge, Seba 3663
Eliot, Christopher R 3706
Eliot, Frank May 3609
Eliot. Frederick M 3607, 3644, 3663, 3681
Eliot, Frederick May 3680
Eliot, George Fielding opposite 3598
Eliot, Thomas H 3688
Elkus, Albert I 3663
Ellenbogan, Henry 3688
Elliott, George 3756, 3764
Ellison, Henry 3663
Ellsworth, Mrs. F. O 3755
Ellwood, Charles A 3663, 3691
Eloesser, Leo 3639,3663, 3669
Ely, Gertrude 3663
Embree, Edwin R 3663
Emerson, Haven 3639, 3669
Emerson, Thomas I opposite 3624
Emmett, Mrs. Burton 3640, 3678
Emspak, Julius 3686, 3688
Enee, S 3663
Engle, Paul 3663
English, Horace B 3640
Enswinger, Mrs. Ross 3663
Enters, Angna 3640
Epstein, Harold ~ 3787
Epstein, Max 3609
Erlanger, Joseph __ 3639, 3669
Ernest, William (James I.) 3663
Ernst, Hugo ~ 3663
Ernst, Morris L ~~ ~~_ 3639
Evans, Alvin E ~~~~ ~~ " 3663
Evans, Arthur Walwyn !__"_ _ _ 3663
Evans, Clifford """" II ~I 3680
Everts, John Bartle _ "~ " _~ ~~ 3663
Ewing, Thomas D ~ ~ 3663,3706
Fairchild. Henry Pratt 3608, opposite 3624, 3638, 3663, 3669
Fairchild, Mildred 3609
Farnum, Arthur W " ~ — — - ~ 3663 3706
Fasanella, Ralph "I":::""":___" opposite 3624
t ast, Howard opposite 3624, opposite 3646, opposite 3649, 3650
3816 index
Page
Faupell, A. D 3706
Faust, Alfred Luke 3663, 3706
Fay, Paul J 3663
Fay, Professor 3784
Fearing, Franklin 3640
Feild, Robert D 3609
Feild, Robert Durant 3688
Feinberg, Abraham L 3663
Feinberg, William 3680
Feise, Ernst 3663
Feitshans, Frederick R 3613,3614
Fenn, Don Frank 3706
Ferber, Edna 3639, 3670
Fernswortb, Lawrence 3680
Ferrer, Jose 36S0
Fetter, George C 3663
Feuchtwanger, Lion 3609
Fiebiger, Judson E 3706
Fiene, Ernest opposite 3624
Field, Betty 3680
Field, Marshall 3688
Field, Sara Bard 3663
Field, Mis. W. Osgood 3680
Files, James Ray ' — 3663
Findley, John W 3663,3706
Fineman, Irving 3663
Finerty, Joseph E 3688
Finger, Louis 3678
Fink, Walter P 3663
Fischer, Jacob 3663
Fisher, Dorothy C 3639-
Fisher, F. B 3756, 3764
Fisher, H. H 3663
Fisher, Irving opposite 3598
Fisseone, Joseph 3607
Fitch, Wells H 3663
Fitzgerald, Albert J 36S8
Fitzpatrick, Ann 3757
Fitzpatrick, James L 3663
Flaxer, Abram 3663, 3680
Fleischer, Leon 3663
Fleming Daniel J 3626
Fletcher, Joseph D 3706
Fletcher, Joseph F 3609, 3644, 3663
Fletcher, Norman D 3706
Flint, Charles Wesley 3727
Flipper, Joseph S 3663
Flynn, Elizabeth Gurley 3663
Foley, Thomas 3663
Folks, Homer 3609
Follansbee, Mrs. Mitchell 3663
Forbes, Mrs. J. Malcolm 3691
Ford, Guy Stanton 3663
Ford, John Anson 3638
Foreman, Clark opposite 3624, 3688
Forman, Harrison opposite 3624
Forsyth, John B 3663, 3706
Forsyth, Margaret E 3626, 3638
Fosdick, Harry Emerson 3688
Foss, Bertha Josselyn 3663
Foss, Mrs. Ralph Stanwood 3640
Foster, James E 3706
Foster, William Z 36H0
Foulke, Hugh B 3706
Fowler, Eleanor 3680
INDEX 3817
Page
Fox, Guy -, 3761
Fraenkel, Osmond K 3639
France, Royal Wilbur 3663
Frank, Theodore T 3706
Frank, Waldo 3657, 36(53
Frank, Walter 3638
Frankfurter, Felix 3670
Franklin, Lucy 3607
Franklin, Mitchell 3(563
Frasier, George Willard 3663
Fraziar, Elizabeth P 3663
Freeman, Harry W 3663
Freeman, Ira Henry 3663
Frey, Edward Snively 3663, 3706
Fricke, E. J 3759
Friedman, Charles 3680
Friedrich, Paul 3759
Frisbie, Walter 3680
Fritchman, Stephen H 3644, 3663, 3QS0, 3706, 3790, 3791, 3795
Frye, Eva Watson 3663
Frye, G. Shubert 3663, 3706
Furlonge, Leslie A 3663
Furry, James L 3663
Furry, Wendell H 3:63
Gag, Wanda 3609, 3663
Gailmor, William S 3680
Galbreath, Robert F 3663
Gale, Zona 3691
Gallagher, Leo 3663
Gannett, Lewis 3639
Gantt, W. Horsley 3609, 3663
Ganz, Rudolph 3663
Gaposchkin, Serge 3607
Gardner, John— 3706
Gardner, Virginia 3787
Garland, Merritt G 3663
Garrison, Edwin 3761
Gartz, Kate Crane 3663, 3711
Gass, John 3706
Gates, Caleb F., Jr 3609
Gates, Thomas S 3609
Gauss, Christian opposite 3598, 3609
Gavagan, Joseph 3688
Gebert B 3590
Geer, Owen M 3757, 3759, 3766
Geldreich, Edward W 3663
Gellert, Hugo 3663, 3680
Gellis, Mortimer 3680
German, W. W., Sr 3663
Germany, Willis H .„ 3706
Gerson, T. P 3755
Gery, Andre 3641
Geyer, Mrs. Lee 3688
Gibson, Edmund H 3706
Gibson, George M 3706
Gibson, James J 3663
Gifford, Helen W 3669
Gilbert, Charles K 3706
Gilbert, George B 3706
Gilbert, W. M 3756, 3764
Gilligan, Francis J :;r,ss
Gilman, Irving 36S0
Ginzburg, Mrs. Harold K 3680
Girelius, Charles G 3663. 3~06
Gitlow, Benjamin 3726, 3736, 3780
Glazier, William 3663
Gleason, Josephine M 3663
43620—54 16
3818 INDEX
Page
Gleszer, Eliot J 3663
Glickstein, Hyman N 3663
Glintemkamp, H 3680
Gluck, Alma 3640
Godowsky, Leopold 3626, 3640
Goff, Victor V 3761
Gold, Ben 3609, 3663, 3783
Goldberg, Alfred G 3663
Goldberg, Bernard I 3607
Goldberg, B. Z 3608
Goldberg, Isidor 3663
Goldberg, Maurice 3663
Goldblatt, Harry 3639, 3669
Goldblatt, Louis 3663, 36S0
Golden, Ben 3663
Goldman, Alex 3663
Goldman, Edwin Franko 3640, 3670
Goldman, Solomon 3688
Goldsmith, Leonard H 3663
Goldstein, Israel 3688
Goldstein, Mrs. Israel 3680
Gonzalez, Joseph M 3663
Goodenough, Erwin R 3663
Goodhue, Everett W *. 3663
Goodman, Benny 3640, 3670
Goodman, Ernest 3663
Goodsell, Willystine 3663
Gordanier, Millard J 3706
Gordon, Mrs. J. B 3607
Gordon, Linley V 3691
Gordon, R. A 3663
Gordon, Ruth opposite 3624, 3680
Gorman, Francis J 3669,3670
Gorman, Francis L 3638
Gow, Esther Allen 3663
Gowan, Emmett 3657
Gradv, Robert Cowan 3706
Graham, Evarts A 3639, 3669
Graham, Frank P 3638, 3669, 3670, 368S
Graham, Gordon O 3706
Graham, Martha 3640, 3670
Graham, R. W 3756, 3764
Graham, Richard V 3706
Grambs, Georee Lorenzo 3663
Granbery, John C 3663, 3706
Grant, A. Raymond 3706
Grant, Sidney 3607
Gratz, W. E. J 3706, 3756, 3764
Graubart, David 3706
Graves, Mortimer 3609
Graves. W. Brooke 3663
Gray, Cbarles S 3663, 3706
Gray, William D 3663
Gray-Smith, Rowland 3663
Greeley. Dana McLean 3607
Green, Albert 3761
Green, Gilbert 3735
Green, James D 3706
Green, Leon 3688
Green. William opposite 3598, 3607, 3688, 3787
Greene, D. W 3680
Greenman, Walter F 3663, 3706
Greenway, Cornelius 3663, 3706
Gregg, J. A 3663
Gregg, James E 3706
Gretz, W. E. J 3663
Grieser, Ralph 3706
Griesi, James 3680
INDEX 3819
Page
Griffiths, Mr 3676
Grimson, Bettina "Warburg 3663
Gropper, William 3639, 3680
Grove, John M 3761
Gruenberg, Benjamin O 3663
Gruetter, Alexander J. J 3663
Gross, Chaim 3680
Gruber, Paul opposite 3646
Gruber, Samuel 3663
Grundfest, Harry 3609
Guerrero, Armand 3706, 3761
Guignon, Harriet 3663
Gundlach, Ralph H 3663
Gustafson. Cloyd V 3706
Guthrie, Ernest Graham 3644
Guthrie, Mary J 3663
Gwathmey, Robert opposite 3624
Hadley, J. H 3663
Hagen, Uta opposite 3624
Hahn, Albert R 3680
Hahn, Herman J 3663
Hahn, J. L 3663
Haigler, Carey 3761
Hairston, William 3761
Halifax, Lady opposite 3598, 3599
Halifax, Lord opposite 3598, 3599
Hall, B. Frank 3663
Hall, Helen 3626, 3639, 3670
Hall, Martin 3761
Hall, Royal G 3663, 3761
Hallington, Albert J 3706
Hallquist, Carl A 3663
Ham, Marion Franklin 3663
Hamilton, A, Gordon 3639
Hamilton, Al 3766
Hamilton, Alice 3609, 3663
Hamilton, Charles G 3706
Hamilton, Frank A 3706
Hamilton, H. S 3756, 3764
Hammond, E. S 3756, 3764
Hammond, John, Jr 3643
Hammond, P. M 3706
Hand, Learned 3609
Hendl, Walter opposite 3624
Hankins, Frank H 3663
Hanks, L. M., Jr 3663
Hanney, Arthur J 3663
Hanson, Florence Curtis 3787
Harburg. E. Y 3680
Hardy, Lewis R 3663
Hann-aves, Corliss P 3706, 3756, 3757, 3759, 3764
Harkavy, Minna 3640
Harley, Harrison 3607
Harlow, S. Ralph 3664
Harnish, Dawson M 3664
Haroutunian, Joseph 3644
Harper, Fowler V opposite 3624
Harper, George 3759
Harper, Lucius C 3664
Harriman, Mrs. J. Borden 3609, 3680
Harriman, Job 3614
Harrington, Mrs. Anton S 3664
Harris, A. W 3756, 3764
Harris, Charles Morgan 3664
Harris, D. L 3664
Harris, Elam 3664
3820 index
Page
Harris, Gerald 3664
Harris, Helen M 3639
Harris, Jed 3640
Harris, John H 3706
Harris, M. LaFayette 3664
Harris, Marguerite Tjader 3664
Harris, Robert J 3664
Harris, Thomas L 3608
Harrison, H 3661
Harrison, William 3607
Hart, Moss 3609, 3657, 3680
Harte, Joseph 3664, 3706
Harten, T. S 3678
Hartman, Lewis U 3671, 3678, 3679, 3741, 3756-3758, 3764, 3765
Hastie, William H 3688
Hatch, David L 3664
Hathaway, Clarence 3638
Hathaway, H. S 36S0
Hatt, John H 3706
Hauck, Elmer 3664
Hawkins, Edler G 3664
Havden, Joel 3691
Haves. Carlton J. H 3691
Hayes, Roland r__ 3664
Hayes, Truman L, 3664
Hayes, Mrs. William C 36S0
Havs, Aline Davis 3684
Havs, Arthur Garfield 3639, 3787
Hays, Paul G 3706,3761
Haywood 3761
Hazzard, Lowell Z 3706
Hazzard, L. B 3761
Hazzard, Stanley B 3680
Heacock, R. K 3761
Hedger. George 3664
Hedrick, Travis K 3664
Heeb, Arthur 3664. 3706
Heidelberger, Michael opposite 3624
Heilman, A. J 3664
Heinvitz. Mel J 3664
Heiser, Florian 3664
Heist, A. A 3756,3761,3764
Held, I. W 3664, 36SO
Helie. Leonard 3664
Heller. Robert opposite 3624
Hellerstein, Jerome R 3664
Heilman, Lillian 3640, 3680
Heilman. William 3609
Hellstern, Marion 3664
Heminsw^y. Ernest : 3639, 3670
Hemp. William 3664
H Q mpelman, G. Theodore 3664
H ndersou, A. D 3609
Henderson, Donald 3664
Henderson. R. W 3614, 3723
Hendley, Charles J 3626,3664
Hendrie, Mrs. George T 3664
Hendrickson, Alice 3664
Henry. John M 3691
Henson, Harry E 3664
Hepburn, Mrs. Thomas N 3609,3664
Herbert, S. R 3641,3681
Herrell, Mvron 3761
Herrick, Warren C 3680
Herring, Hubert C 3638,3669
Herring. John 3691
INDEX 3821
Page
Berriot, Edouard opposite 3598
Herriott, Frank W 3706
Hestenes, John M 3706
Hester, Sarah S 3757
Hewes, Amy 3664
Hewlett, George R 3680
Hickerson, Clyde V 3664
Hickerson, J. Allen opposite 3624
Hicks, Howard V 3664
Hicks, Philip M 3664
Hicks, S. A 3664
Hier, Florence 3664
Higgins, John S 3664, 3706
High, Stanley 3776, 3777
Hightower, H. G 3680
Hill, Charles A 3664, 3706
Hill, Knute 3688
Hill, Leslie Pinckney 3609
Hill, T. Wesley opposite 3610
Hille, Walderaar B 3664
Hilliker, Clifford W 3664, 3706
Hilton, Randall S 3664. 3680
Himrod, William B 3613, 3614, 3722
Hinckley, William 3626
Hires, Harrison S 3664
Hirsch, Alfred 3664
Hiss, Alger 3718, 3754
Hobart, Ira A 3664
Hobson, Henry W 3677, 3688, 3706
Hobson, Thayer 3664
Hocking, William Ernest 3607, 3609, 3631
Hodgson, Chester E 3644, 3664, 3680, 3706, 3761
Hoffman, Katherine 3664
Hollingsworth, L 3755
Holman, Libby opposite 3624, 3680
Holmes, Frank O 3664, 3706
Holt, D. D 3664
Homer, Louise 3640
Hook, Sidney opposite 3766
Hoover, J. Edgar opposite 3766
Hoover, Mary Alice 3761
Hoover, Kenneth E 3706
Hoover, William Henry 3591
Home, George A 3761
Horton, Isabelle 3756, 3764
Horton, Walter M 3609, 3644, 3681
Houk, William C 3664
Houston, Charles H 3664
Houston, Charles H., Jr 3688
Howard, Daniel 3664
Howard, George G 3664
Howe, Arthur 3064
Howe, Ben 3664
Howe, Elizabeth 3761
Howe, Lee A., Jr 3664,3706
Howe, Robert C 3757
Howe, Robert 3759
Howell, Clarence V 3664
Hoyt, John F 36B4
Huherman, Leo 3664, 3680
Hubert, James H 3626
Hudson 3659
Hudson, Manley O 3691
Hudson, Roland O 3706
Huebsch, Mrs. B. W 3678
3822 index
Page
Huff, William Henry 3642,3643
Huggins, Mrs. H. H 3664
Hughes, Alice 3680
Hughes, Edwin Holt 3632, 3644
Hughes, Edwin N 3664
Hughes, John B 3704
Hughes, Langston 3590, 3609, 3639,3664
Hukee, S. O 3664
Hukkala, Gabriel I 3610
Hull, Clark L 3640
Hull, Cordell opposite 3598, 3599
Hull, Mrs. Cordell opposite 3598, 3599
Hull, Hannah Clothier 3091
Hull, I. H 3761
Hullihen, Walter 3609
Humphrey, Doris 3<i40
Humphrey, J. K 3706
Hunsaker, Herbert G 3688
Hunt, J. M 3664
Hunt, Laurence F 3664
Hunting, Harold B 3664
Huntington, Ellsworth 3664
Huntington, M. P 3680
Hunton, Mrs. A. W '___ 3680
Hunton, W. A 3664
Hunvald, Edward H 36S8
Hurst, Fannie 3639, 3670
Hutchins, W. J 3775
Hutchinson, Paul 3756, 3764
Hutson, Harold 3761
Ickes, Harold L 3609, opposite 3646, opposite 3649, 3650
Iglehart, Charles Wesley 3761
Imes, William Lloyd 3626
Ingalls, Harold B 3706
Ingersoll, Louise M — 3664
Ingersoll, Raymond C 3608
Ingersoll, Mrs. Raymond V 3680
Ingweiller, Frances A 3664
Irin, L opposite 3649
Isaacs, Norman E 368S
Isaacs, Stanley M 3609, 3639, 3680
Ise, John 3664
Israel, Edward L 3638, 3669
Isserman, Abraham J 3664
Ives, Burl 3680
Ivy, Andrew C 3639, 3669
Jack, Hugh 3664
Jack, Hulan E 3664
Jackson, Edgar S 3664, 3706
Jackson, F. W 3664
Jacobson, Nathan 3680
Jaffe, Louis L 3664
Jaffe, Philip J 3608, 3626
Jaffe, Sam 3680
James, Philip opposite 3624
Jarrico, Paul 3664
Jasper, Thomas 3664
Javits, Congressman 3701, 3754, opposite 3766
Jayson, Alice 3678
Jemison, J. V 36S8
Jencks, Millard H 3609
Jenkins, Grace 3761
Jennings, Congressman 3699
Jernagin, W .H 3664, 3688
Jerome, Victor 3748
Joel, George W 3664
Johns, R. Elizabeth 3761
index 3823
Page
Johnson, Bede A 3664
Johnson, Charles S 3664
Johnson, Crockett 3680
Johnson, E. A 3607
Johnson, Einmett S 3761
Johnson, Hewlett 3641, 3642, 3644, opposite 3646, opposite 3649, 3650, 3681
Johnson, James R., Jr 3664
Johnson, James Weldon , 3691
Johnson, Manning 3634, 3635, 3732, 3733, 3735, 3747, 3748
Johnson, Mordecai W 3688
Johnson, Victor 3664
Johnson, Viena P 3664
Jones, David 3759
Jones, David D 3664, 3757
Jones, Elsie Voorhees 3664
Jones, Henry D 3706
Jones, Howard Mumford 3607, 3609, opposite 3624
Jones, Jesse opposite 3598
Jones, Mrs. Jesse opposite 359S
Jones, John Paul 3664, 3706
Jones, Lewis Webster 3609
Jones, Rufus M 3631, 3681, 3691
Jones, William Safford 3664, 3706
Josephy, Robert 3664
Judah, Mr 3616
Judd, Congressman 3652, 3654
Jury, Harry 3763
Justig, Harry M 3664
Juvinell, Andrew 3761
Kagawa, Toyohito opposite 3598
Kahn, Albert E 36S0. 3789
Kahn, Reuben L 3639, 3664, 3669, 3670
Kallet, Arthur 3664, 3783
Kaltenborn, Mrs. H. V 3640
Kandel, Aben 3680
Kane, Francis Fisher 3664
Kanin, Garson opposite 3624
Karpinski, Louis C 3609
Kastorea, Katherine 3643
Katz, Fannie Bowditch 3607
Katz, Frederick L 3664
Katz, Mrs. Frederick L 3664
Katz, Wilbur G 3664
Kaub, Verne 3719
Kaufman, George S 3670, 3680
Kaun, Alexander 3664
Kayser, Marie L 3664
Keating 3754
Keating, Kenneth opposite 3766
Kebker, Vant W 3664
Keedy, Allen 3706
Keegan, J. Clyde 3664
Keil, Donald T 3706
Keller, Helen 3609, 3664
Kellernian, Robert P 3706
Kellogg, Paul 3639, 3664, 3G88
Kelly, Frank A 3615. 3618
Kemp, Morris 3664
Kempthorne, Edith M 3664
Kennedy, Albert J 3664
Kennedy, Foster 3680
Kenny, Robert W 36S8
Kent, Rockwell 3609, opposite 3624, 1 3639, 3670, 3680
1 Name incorrectly spelled "Rockell Kent" in this reference.
3824 index
Page
Kenyon, Dorothy 3609
Kepees. Jacob 3639
Kern, Paul 3626, 36S8
Kern, Paul B 3596, 3664
Kern, Paul J 3639, 3761
Kerr, Lorin E 3664
Kilgore, Mrs. J. D 3759
Kinder, Francis S > 1 3664
Kins, Carol 3639
Kins, James V 3680
Kine:. Lorenzo H 3626
King, William P 3664
Kingdon, Frank 3756, 3764
Kingsbury, Cbester 3759
Kingsbury, John Adams 3601, 3609, 3639, 3664
Kipnis, Alexander 3680
Kirby, John - 3761
Kirchwey, Freda 3664
Kirk, Albert E 3706
Kirklanrl, Edward C 3664
Kirkpatrick, Plaine 3761
Klein, Ann Fitzpatrick ~ 3760
Knapp, James 3664
Knehelman, M. S 3664
Knight, Harold V - 3664
Koher, Arthur 3664
Koch. C. Franklin 3664, 36S0
Kogawa 3741
Koger, Harrv 3664
Kolar, Julia Church 3664
Konecky, Eugene 3664
Kopetskv, Samuel J 3639, 3669
Kornfeder, (Joseph) 3740, 3745
Kournakoff, Sercei N opposite 3646, opposite 3649, 3650, 3789
Koussevitzky, Serge 3607, 3609, 3640, 3670
Krahl, Adolph M 3706
Kramer, A. Walter 3640
Krechevsky, I 3640
Kreymborg, Alfred 3664
Kristjansson, Albert E 3664
Kroll, Leon 3608
Krum, John M 3680
Kudler, George D 3664
Knhn, Fritz 3660
Kullgren 3659
Kuo, Zing Yang 3640
Kuznetsov, Vassily V opposite 3649
Kyle, J. K 3664
Kyper, Ralph E 3664
Lackland, G. S 3756, 3761, 3764
Lacklen, Jesse 3756, 3764
Laeeman, Leonard 3664
LaGuardia, Fiorello H 3609,3677,3688
Laidlaw, Mrs. James L 3680
Laing, Alexander 3664
Lains:, Graham A 3664
Lamb, Edward 3664
Lambert, Alfred M 3664,3706
Lambert, Plaine 3706
Lamont, Corliss opposite 3598, 3601,
3602, 3608, opposite 3610, 3624, opposite 3646, opposite 3649, 3665
Lamont, Margaret I 3665
Lamont, Mrs. Thomas W 3609
Lampe, William E 3665
Lancaster, H. Carrington 3609
Lancaster, William W 3609
index 3825
Page
Landauer, Walter 3605
Landis, James M 3703
Landon, Edward 3665
Lane, Harold 3680
Langdale, J. W 3756, 3764
Lange, Linda B 3665
Langfeld, Herbert S 3640
Langh, Philip A 3(06
Langmuir, Irving 3(i09
Lanier, R. O'Hara 3G65
Lanphear, Walter 3665
Larke, Alfred G 3665
Larkin, Oliver 3638
Laroe, Wilbur, Jr 3680
Larson, John F 3665
Lash, Joseph 3638, 3669
Laski. Harold 3782
Lathrop, John Howard 3706
Lathrop, U. S 3665
Latimer, Ira 3665
Laurence, Paula 3678
Lawson, John Howard i 3640, 3786
Lawson, Robert W 3665
Lazenhy, J. C 3756, 3757, 3761, 3764
Leallad, Catharine D 3665
Lenvin, Samuel B 3608
Ledden, W. Earl 3758
Leeper, Robert Ward 3665
LeFevre, DuBois 3665
Leighton. J. A 3665
Leiper, Henrv Smith 3706
Leipziger, Emil W 3665
Lengvel, Emil 3609, 3665
Lenhart, Carl H 3639, 3669
Leonard, Bishop 3709
Leonard, Adna Wright 3708
Leonard, Willam Ellery 3665
Lerner, Max 3657
LeSeuer. Meridel 3665
Leslie, Kenneth 3629, 3631, 3635, 3637, 3641-3644, 3665, 36S0, 3681
LeSourd, Gilbert Q 3756-3758, 3764
Lessinger. Waldo E 3665
Levene, Phoebus A 3639, 3669
Levenstein, Pearl 3669
Leventhal, Israel 3680
Levin, Deana opposite 3646
Levine, Samuel A 3639, 3669
Levinger, Lee J 3665
Levinson, Norman 3601, 3665
LeVita, Charles G 3665
Lewin, Kurt 3640
Lewis, Amy 3756, 3764
Lewis, Gilbert N 3609, 3065
Lewis, John F., Jr 3609
Lewis, Samuel 3680
Lewis, Sinclair 3639. 3670
Lewis. William W 3665, 3706
Lezenby, W. Morris 3665
Lhevinne, Josef 3640
Libby. Frederick J 3001
TJpbmann, Paul 3665
Lilian thai. David 3603
Lind, Tver C 3065
Lindeman. Fduard C 3630. 3001
Lind^ren, Bea 306^
Lindhorst. Frank 3T06
Lindsay, Samuel McCune 3665
3826 index
Page
Linn, Otis L 3707
Linsley, Richard 3607
Linton, Ralph 3665
Lion, Herman F 3707
Lion, Herman J 3665
Lipman, Eugene J 3665
Littell, C. F 3761
Littell, Franklin H 3757, 3759
Litzel, Louisa 3756, 3764
Locke, Katherine 3657, 3665
Loeb, Leo 3639, 3669
Loeb, Philip opposite 3624, 3665
Long, Nat G 3761
Longley, Harry 3665, 3707
Longsdorf, Mrs. Ford H 3761
Longstreth, W. E 3707
Lord, David 3680
Lothrop, Donald G 3641, 3644, 3680, 3681, 3707
Lotz, P. Henry 3665, 3707
Love, Edgar A 3757, 3759
Lovejoy, Owen R 3639
Lovell, Moses P - 3707
Lovett, Robert Morss 3638, 3669, 3691
Lovett, Sidney •___ 3707
Lowder, Virgil E 36IJ1
Lowell, Murland R 3665
Lowther, Edgar A 3665, 3707
Lozowick, Louis 36S0
Luboshutz, Pierre 3680
Luccock, Halford E 3691, 3756, 3761, 3764, 3787
Luccock, Natalie 3665
Lucey, Robert 3677, 3688
Luckhardt, Arno B 3669
Ludwig, Emil F 3609
Luhrson, Julius G 3688
Lukovich, Joseph 3665
Lund, Harald H 3639
Lurie, David L 3665
Luscomb, Florence H 3665
Lyman, Eugene W 3707
Lynd, Robert S 3609, opposite 3624
Lyon, D. Willard 3626, 3627
Lyon, Peter opposite 3624
Lyon, Sarah 3626
Lyons, Eugene 3787
MacArthur, General 3724
MacBeth, Lucia (Mrs. Norman MacBeth) 3613, 3614
MacCallum, j. A 3644, 3680, 3681
MacClennon, Charles F 3707
MacCollum. John A 3665
MacDonald, George 3665
MacDonald, Howard A 3665
MacDonald, Ramsay opposite 3598
Mackay, George 3665
Mackay, John A 3638, 3644, 3669, 3678, 3681
Mackenzie, George W 3665
MacKinnon. John G 3707
MacLeish, Archibald 3639
MacMurray 3644, 3681
Macon, Clifton 3644, 3681
MacPherson, James 3707
MacPherson, Walter Henry 3707
Maddock, Mrs. Walter 3665
Maeterlinck, Maurice 3609
Magee, Elizabeth 36S8
Magee, J. R 3756, 3764
Magnuson, Ray F 3761
Magnuson. Warren G 3688
index 3827
Page
Mahle, Carl W ,.- 3707
Mahler, Fritiz 3609, 3680
Maier, Norman R. F 3640, 3665
Major, H. D. A 3644
Majors, T. Louis 3665
Malamud, I 3665
Malino, Jerome A 3707
Mall, Jesse 3761
Mallsoff, William M 3609
Maltz, Albert 3665, 3680
Manclel, David 3665
Mandel. William opposite 3649
Mandell, Arthur J 3665
Manley, Lewis F 3665
Mann, Horace 3665
Mann, Thomas 3609
Manning, Rosalie 3665
Mansfield, H. E 3665
Manship, Paul 3609
Manwaring, W. H 3665
Marcantonio, Vito 3639, 3670, 3688
Margolis, Harry S 3665
Markova, Alicia 3680
Marks, Herbert E 3665
Marley, Harold P 3665, 3707
Marsh, Benjamin C 3680
Marshall, George 3608, 3638, 3657, 3665, 3678, 3688
Marston, Frank 3707
Martel, Frank X 3609
Martin, James W 3665
Martin, William T 3601
Masaryk, Thomas opposite 3598
Mason, Daniel Gregory 3640
Mason, William P 3761
Masrda, George T 3665
Massey, Raymond 3609
Mather, Kirtlev F 3607, 3609, opposite 3624,* 3665
Mathews, J. B 3624
Mathias, Willis D 3665, 3707
Matthiessen, F. O 3607, 3665
Matis, George 3665
Maurer, James H 3691
Maurer, Oscar E 3707
Maurer, Rose opposite 3646, opposite 3649, 3650
Maury, Lowndes 3665
Mawrey, Dwight 3665
Maxwell, Elsa 3680
May, James 3759
May, Stanley 3665
Mayer-Oakes, S. Robert 3665, 3707
Mayhew, Robert 3665, 3707
Maynard, Edwin H 3610
McAllister. Dorothy S 3688
McAvoy, Clifford T 3609, 3665
McBride, Lois Mary 3609
McCausland, Elizabeth 3665
McLain, Elmer 3665
McConn, Charles M 3657, 3665
McConnell, Dorothy 3680
McConnell, Francis J 3594,
3596, 3622, 3624, 3626, 3627, 3644, 3669, 3670, 3678, 3680, 3681, 3688,
3691, 3728, 3729, 3734, 3756, 3758, 3764.
McConnell, F. W 3665, 3707
McCown, C. C 3759
2 Incorrectly spelled Klrley Mather.
3828 index
Page
McDonald, Claude 3005
McDonald, Duncan 3755
McDowell, Mary 3756, 3704
MeFee, William 3065
McFetridge, William L 3008
McFettridge, William 3607
McGee, William 3665, 3707
McGill, James H 3665
McGill, O. H 3756, 3764
McKee, Stanley S 3757
McKellar, Kenneth opposite 3508
MeKenzie, Howard 3608, 3065
McKinney, William Ayer 3005
McKinstry, Willard L 3665, 3707
McMahon, Francis E 3088
McManus, John T 3080
McMaster, W. H 3756. 3764
McMichael, Jack opposite 3598,
3735-3737, 3739, 3746, 3749-3751, 3753, 3757, 3765
McMillen, Wayne 3639
McPherson, Walter A. R 3005
McWilliams, Carey opposite 3024
Mead, James M 3688
Meadowcroft, R. S I__ 3081
Mealley, John E 3707
Meany, George 3088
Meaney, George F opposite 3706
Mehlman, Conrad Henry 3005
Meigs, Stewart 3065
Meikeljohn, Alexander 3691
Melish, John Howard 3707
Melish. William Howard 3601, 3608, opposite 3646, 3650, 3678, 3707, 3765, 3789
Mellott, Henderson 3005
Menninger, Karl 3065
Menuhin, Yehudi 3665
Meredith, Burgess 3640
Meredith, Mrs. Burgess 3640
Merivale, Philip 3040
Merrell, Lloyd F 3707
Merrill, Lewis 3609, 3665, 3680
Meserve, Harry C 3665, 3707
Meyendorff, Alexander 3007
Meyer, Adolph 3639. 3669
Meyer, H. H 3756, 3764
Meyer, Mrs. Monroe 3640
Middleton, John 3608
Millar 3683
Miller, Clyde R oppposite 3624, 3665, 3759
Miller, Ethel K 3761
Miller, Jesse Ray 3591
Miller, Mrs. Marion M 3691
Miller, Orie O 3691
Miller, Payson 3665, 3707
Miller, Wilhurn B 3665
Millian, John C 3761
Millikan. Robert A opposite 3598
Mills, Edw. Laird 3756, 3764
Mills, Saul 3605
Mills, Victor G 3707
Millspnugh, Mnry 3613, 3615, 3722
Milstein, Nathan 3680
Mi near, Paul S 3665
Miner, F. Theodore 3707,3761
Mink. Jack . 3665
Minot, George R 3607,3009,3005
Minton, Bruce 3065
Mitch, William 3761
index 3829
Page
Mitchell, Lucy Sprague 3009
Mitchell, Walter 3707
Mitchell, Wesley C 3609
Mitzell, Charles Michael 3609,3065
Moehlman, Conrad H 3642-3644, 3681
Moffatt, James 3644, 3081
Mollegen, A. T 3707
Monath, Hortense 36S0
Monger, A. E 3756, 3764
Monteux, Pierre 3609
Monteux, Mine, Pierre 3609
Moody, O. W., Jr 3688
Moore, Al f red 3761
Moore, Arthur Newell 3665
Moore, Douglas opposite 3624, 3665
Moore, Harriet opposite 3646, opposite 3649, 3650, 3789
Moore, John F 3665
Moore, Joseph G 3644, 3665
Moorman, Edgar M 3605
Moors, John F 3665
Moors, Mrs. John F 3691
Moos, Elizabeth 3665
Moose, David L 3665
Morford, Richard 3601, 3608, 3665, 3707
Morgan, Arthur E 3691
Morgan, G. Moore 3680
Moriarty, J. Arthur 3607
Morris, Bertram 3665
Morris, Frank 3665
Morris, Frank E 3665
Morris, Newhold, Jr 3639
Morris, William, Jr 3608
Morse, Alan R 3607
Morton, Ralph S 3641, 3643
Moser, Adolph 3665
Mosiman, S. K 3691
Moss, Leslie 3626
Mostel, Zero 3680
Mott, Charles F 3665
Mott, John R 3680, 3771, 3773, 3777
Moulton, Arthur W 3009,3707
Muelder, Walter G 3758, 3775
Mueller, Walter 3665
Mueller, W. Ralter 3707
Mulkey, Mrs. Floyd 3759
Mulrooney, James 3665
Muma, Irwin J 3613-3615
Muni, Paul 3640, 3670
Murphy, A. J 3688
Murphy, Gardner 3640
Murray, Gilbert opposite 3598
Murray, Irving R 3665,3707
Murray, James E 3609, opposite 3646, opposite 3649, 3050
Murray, John V., Jr 3761
Murray, Philip 3607, 3688
Muste, A. J 3691
Muster, Morris 3680
Mvers, Frederick 3065
Myers, Frederick N 3680
Myers, Mrs. Richard 3680
Myers, Skillman E 3665, 3707
Myerson, Abraham 3665
Nace, I. George 3688
Naffziger. Howard C 3639, 3669
Nail, T. Otto 3610, 3611
Nash, Norman B 3707
Nash, Philip C 3609
3830 index
Page
Nearing, Scott 3690
Neff, Eleanor 3761
Neilson, Karl_ 3707
Neilson, Wm. A 3638, 3657, 3669
Neimoeller, Martin 3741
Nelken, Sam 3665
Nelles, Walter 3755
Nelson, A. A 3665,3707
Nelson, Candis 3761
Nelson, Roscoe 3707
Nenman, P 3680
Newburgh, L. H 3639,3665,3669,3670
Newcomer, Mabel 3665
Newell, J. Pierce 3658, 3761
Newhonse, Edward - 3658
Newman, Robert 3658
Newton, Harry J 3707
Newton, Louie D 3644, 36S1, 3794, 3795, 3797-3799
Nichols, Dudley 3665
Nichols, G. S 3759
Nichols, Mrs. John R - 3H07
Nichols, Robert Hastings 3609. 3658, 3666
Nickless, Alfred S 3666
Niebuhr, Reinhold 3626, 3631, 3691, 3726. opposite 3766
Niebyl, Karl S 3666
Nielsen, Karl 3666
Nieman, William L 3680
Niemoeller, Martin opposite 3598, 3765
Nissley, S. R 3666
Noble, Charles 3761
Noble, William S 3665, 3707
Nosnchi, Isamu 3680
Nollen, John S 3666
Noon, Luverne E 3666
Nordstrand, Josephine 3666
Norris, Marian L 3761
Norris, Mrs. Nixon 3666
North, F. M 3756, 3764
North, Sterling 3666
Northrup, Isaac Noyes 3707
Norton, Theodore E 3666
Notz, Rose M 3666
Notz, William C 3666
Nowak, Stanley 3666
Norwood, Rose 3607
Novick, Samuel J 3671, 3678
Nurnberg, Maxwell 3658
Nye, Senator 3784
Nye, Roland F 3680
Oakes, Catherine 3666
O'Brien, Eugene 3658
O'Connell (Cardinal) 3633
O'Connell, Jerry 3638, 3666, 3669
O'Connell, Mrs. L. L 3688
O'Connor, Harvey 3666
O'Connor, Tom 3666
O'Dell, Robert J 3613-3615
Odets, Clifford 3640, 3670, 3680
O'Planagan, Michael J 3670
Oldham, G. Ashton 3666
Olmsted, Frank 3691
Olson, O. T 3756, 3764
O'Neill, Eugene 3609
Opheim, Oscar 3666
Opitz, Edmund A 3666, 3707
Oppenheimer, Sarah 3680
Orvis, Julia Swift 3607
INDEX 3831
Page
Osato, Sono 3680
Osborn, Margaret LaFarge 3666
Oser, Martha 3658
O'Sheel, Shaemas 3658
Osnes, Mrs. Erling 3666
Overstreet, H. A 3666
Ovington, Mary White 3666
Owen, Blaine 3658
Owens, Spencer Baker 3707,3762
Oxnam, Bishop G. Bromley 3585, 35S6, 3587-3S03 (testimony)
Pach, Walter 3666
Packard, John C 3755
Packard, Marie 3755
Paddock, Robert L 3638, 3669, 3670
Page, Kirby 3594, 3691, 3746, 3747
Page, Myra 3658
Paieharp, W. Harold 3707
Paine, George L 3658, 3666
Paley, Jack 3680
Palmer, Albert W 3666
Palmer, Clay E 3666,3707
Palmer, William B 3666
Pangborn, Cyrus R 3680
Park, Julian 3666
Park, Marion Edwards 3609,3691
Park, William H 3639,3669
Parker, Dorothy opposite 3624, 3625, 3628, 3639, 3640, 3669, 3670
Parker, George Lawrence 3666, 3707
Parker, Z. Rita 3666
Parkhurst, Elbert M 3707
Parlin, Charles C 3587-3803
Parmelee, E. W 3680
Parrett, Albert B 3707
Parsons, Edward L 3595,
3638, 3666, 3669, 3670, 3680, 3688, 3691, 3693-3696, 3704
Pascale, B 3680
Patterson, Carl 3691
Patterson, Frederick Douglas 3609
Patterson, Grove 3771, 3777
Patterson, Leonard 3735, 3747, 3748
Patterson, William 3658
Patton, James G 3688
Patton, Robert D 3666
Pauck, W T ilhelm 3644
Paul, Elliot 3639, 3680
Paull, Irene 3666
Payne, Jerome F 3666
Peabody, Malcolm E 3609
Peabody, Stephen C 3658, 3707
Peak, Helen 3658, 3666
Peale, Norman Vincent 3653, 3671, 3673, 3674, 3678, 36S0
Pearson, Emanuel 3666
Pearson, John M 3680
Peck, William W 3666, 3707
Peet, Edward L 3707,' 3759
Pelletier, Wilfrid 3680
Pelley, William Dudley 3659, 3660
Pemberton, Mrs. Brock ' 3640
Pennypacker, Anna M. W 3658, 3666
Penneypacker, J. S ~ 3658
Pepper, Claude 3609, opposite 3646, opposite 3649, 3650
Perera, Mrs. Lionel C, Jr 3666, 3678
Perera, Lionel C 3658
Perez, Okio ~_~~_~~_~ ~ 3(559
Perkins, Haven P 3666) 3707
3832 index
Page
Perkins, Louis 3707
Perkins. Palfrey 3~07
Perry, J. E 3~00
Perrv, Jennincs 3687
Perrv, Ralph Barton 3007. 3009
Peters, E C 36*9. 3006
Peters, John P 3609. 3639, 3009
Peters. W. W 3080
Pettingill, Stuart 3606
Pettioni. Charles A 3026
Pettit. Walter 3039
Pettus, Terry 3000
Petty, A. C 3080
Phiihrick, Herbert 3001
Phillips, Gordon 3707
Phillips, Jospph D 3000
Phillips, J. W 3*22
Phillips, S. I 3006
Phillipson, David 3000
Piachapp, W. Harold 3*06
Piastro, Mishpl 3680
Piatigorsky, Gregor 3080
Pierce, Lovick 301
Pierson. Emilv - 3008
Pinkham. Henry W 3058. 3707
Pious, Minerva opposite 3024
Pirkey. Frank 3000
Piston, Walter 3 n 40
Pitkin, Rex 3670
Pitt, Louis W 3080
Pless, James 3702
Plotkin, A 3014
Plotkin, Benjamin 3080
Plummer, (Captain) 3711
Pohl. Herman A 3000
Pol. Heinz 3*42. 3*43
Poling. Daniel A 3771. 3777
Pollard, G. A 3000. 2707
Pollock, P. Hewisin 3658, 3707
Pomerantz. A. L 3*24
Pomeranee. Leon 3078
Pomerov. Mrs. G. W 3702
Poole, Fred G 3702
Poole. Mrs. Fred G 3702
Poor, Georgp L 3707. 3757, 3762
Pope. A rthur TTnham 3608, opposite 3046, opposite 3649, 3050, 3066
Pope. Henry W 3609, 3000
Fonppr, Ma rtin 3078
Porter, Grace 3*00
Porter, Kenneth W 3006
Posel, Yella 3678
Poteat, Edwin McNeill 3644, 3660, 3081, 3707
Poteat, Gordon 3642-3644, 3080
Potter, A. Leslie 3606
Powell. Adam Clayton, Jr 3008, 3626, 3644, 3658, 3666, 3078, 3081
Powpll. Rohert R 3757, 3702
Povnter, Nelson 3088
Pratt, Owen W 3666
Pratt, Schuyler 3707
Prenter, Harriet Dunlop 3702, 3721
Pressman, Lee 3006
Prestes, Carlos Luiz 3783
Previant, David 3066
Price, Ira M 3091
Price, Julius J 3680
Price, Melva L 3666
Pritt, D. N opposite 3646, opposite 3649, 3650
indbx 3833
Page
Prudt, Elmer J 3658
Putnam, Irving Ellsworth 3707
Putnam, Phelps 3658, 3666
Pyle, Elmer K 3666
Quill, Michael 3609, 3666, 3680
Quimby, Karl 3762
Rader, Melvin 3666
Rader, Milton 3666
Rafuse, Robert W 3666
Ragatz, Leonhard 3644, 3681
Raille, Robert 3666
Rail, Harris F 3658, 3756, 3762, 3764
Ralston, David 3680
Ramsey, Fredlyn 3666
Randall, Francis P 3658, 3707
Randau, Carl opposite 3624
Randolph, A. Philip 3626, 3638, 3669, 3670, 3688, 3785
Rand, Minnie F 3680
Rankin, Jeannette 3755
Ransom, Leon A 3666
Ransom, Reverdy C 3666
Raper, Arthur 3759
Rapp, Alfred Harry 3707
Raphaelson, Samson 3680
Raskin, Evelyn 3658
Raskin, Jack 3666
Ratcliff, Dillwyn F 3658
Rathbun, Harry J 3666
Ratliff, H. M 3707, 3757, 3759
Ratliff, Mrs. W. H 3762
Rautenstrauch, Walter 3638, 3658, 3666
Raver, W. Neal 3762
Rawley, Callman 3666
Rayburn, Sam 3679
Read, Kenneth G 3680
Recht, Charles 3658
Redifer, Frederick L 3666
Reed, James B 3666
Reed, J. W 3658, 3666
Refregier, Anton 3609, 3680
Rehorn, Thomas 3680
Reid, William W 3758
Reiner, Fritz 3640
Reis, Rebecca 3658
Reisner, Ensworth 3762
Reiss, Mrs. Bernard 3680
Reiss, George J %qqq
Reissig, Herman F 3669
Rella, Ettoro 3658
Remington, William P ~~ 3707
Remmers, H. H 3666
Reneau, L. W ZZZZZI_ 3707
Reustle, Frederick ~~~~ ~~ sqqq 3707
Reuther, Walter Z__ZZZZZ_ZZ___Z_ opposite 3766
Revell, Fleming H _ _ 3591
Reynolds, Bertha C ZZ_ZZ_ZZZ_ZZZZ~3639, 365S, 3666
Reynolds, J. H _ 3g 5 §
Reynolds, L. Willard Z_Z__Z_Z_ZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZZ~365S, 3666
Reynolds, Quentin opposite 3646, opposite 3649, 3650
Rice, Elmer 3609 3680
Rice, Oscar K 3ggg
Rice, William Gorham, Jr ZZ_ZZ Z_ZZ_~_Z ZZ_ 3666
Richardson, Dean E J~__ 3§QQ
Richardson, Hilary G ZZZZZ_ZZ_ 3707
43620—54 17
3834 index
Page
Ricks, James Hogue 3691
Rideout, Daniel Lyman 3707
Riegger, Wallingford 3609, 3666
Riess, Bernard F 3658,3666
Rieve, Emil 3688
Riley, George A 3707
Riley, Lester Leake 3658
Rinaldo, Frederic I 3658
Ringe, Frederic W 3666,3707
Ripley, Mrs. William Z 3607
Rising, Lloyd H 3757, 3762
Ristine, V. Miriam 3757,3762
Rittenhouse, Mary W 3658,3666
Robeson, Roadman Earl 3757,3764
Roads, Hanna 3666
Robbins, Henry B 3707
Robbins, Raymond 3609, 3644, 3680, 3681, 3771, 3772, 3777
Robbins, Wallace W 3666
Roberts, Mrs. B. P 3626
Robeson, Benjamin C 3666, 3680
Robeson, Paul 3609, opposite 3610, opposite 3624, 3625, 3628,
3638, 3640, 3666, 3669, 3670
Robinson, Alson H ■ 3666, 3707
Robinson, Earl 3609, 3666
Robinson, Edward 3678
Robinson, James H 3666
Robinson, Reid 3609, 3666, 3688
Roblee, Frederick A 3666
Rocbester. Anna 3658
Roe, Wellington 3658, 3666
Roebuck, John R 3666
Roekel, Charles D 3666
Rogers, Hubert W 3666
Rogge, O. John opposite 3624
Romaine, Paul 3658, 3666
Rome, Cuthbert R 3666
Rome, Harold J 3609, 3658
Roosevelt 3622
Roosevelt, Eleanor 3631, 3688
Roosevelt, President 3595
Ropes, Earnest C opposite 3646, opposite 3649, 3650
Rosebury, Theodore opposite 3624
Roseman, M. J 3666
Rosenberg, Ethel 3672
Rosenberg, Julius 3672
Rosenfeld. Kurt 3639
Rosenow, E. C 3639, 3669
Roson, Joseph A 3609
Ross, Clifton H 3666, 3707
Ross, Clifton Hayward 3658
Ross, Edward A 3666, 3784
Ross, Lillian 36o8
Ross, Milton R 3666
Ross, Mrs. Nathaniel 3680
Ross, Sam 3658
Roth, Henry 3658
Rothman, Walter 3666
Rowe, Cuthbert R 3707
Rowse, Ralph H 3658, 3666
Rubenstein, Beryl 3640
Rubin, Jay 367 8
Ruegsegger, James 3658
Russell, Elbert 3666
Russell, William K 3707
index 3835
Page
Justin, John :i7G2
Ruthven, Madeline 3658
Ryan, John A 3594, 3683
Ryan, Lawrence J 3666
Ryan, W. Carson 3691
Ryckman, J. H 3614,3723
Ryecroft, W. Stanley 3644, 3678
Sabin, Florence R 3639, 3669
Sabine, George H 3666
Saffron, Shirley 3666
Sahler, Helen 3658, 3666
Sainsbury, Dorothy 3658
Salerno, Joseph A 3607, 3609
Salmon, E. Dwight 3666
Saltonstall, Governor 3607
Saltonstall, Leverett 3609
Samson, Mary 3756
Sanctuary 3659
Sandness, John C 3666
Sanville, Florence L 3666
Sarros, Nick A 3668
Sarton, George 3607, 3666
Saunders, John ! 3680
Savage, F. Waldo 3707
Savelle, Max 3666
Savory, P. M 3626
Saxton, Matilda 3759
Sayers, Michael 3789
Scarlett, William J 3691
Scattergood, J. Henry 3666, 3691
Schacht, Robert H., Jr 3666, 3707
Schenck, Abraham 3667
Schenk, Philip L 3658
Scherer, A. J 3658, 3667, 3707
Schick, Bela 3639, 3669, 3680
Schieffelin, William Jay 3667
Schieffelin, Mrs. William J 36S0
Sehlipp, Paul A 3658
Schindler, Pauline G 3658, 3667
Schlauch, Margaret 3667
Schlesinger, Arthur M 3658, 3667
Schlosberg, Harold 3667
Sdhnabel, Artur 3680
Schnee, Thelma 3667
Schneider, Isidor opposite 3646, opposite 3649, 3650, 3658
Schneirla, T. C 3640, 3658, 3667
Schoch, Margaret 3667
Schofield, Charles 3757, 3759
Schooler, Don 3762
Schorer, Mark 36n8
Schrickel, Harry R 3658, 3667
Schubart, Mark opposite 3624
Schultz, Paul P., Jr 3707
Schuman, Frederick L 3642, 3643, opposite 3646, opposite 3649, 3650, 3789
Schuster, Mrs. M. Lincoln 3680
Schwab, Irving 3658, 3667
Schwengel, E. H 3707
Scofield, Carlton F 3658
Scott, Clinton Lee 3667
Scott, Franklin B 3658, 3667
Scott, Harold 3667, 3707
Scott, J. H 3667
Scott, Roy Wesley 3639, 3669
Scudder, Doremus 3755
Scudder, Vida D 3644, 3658, 3667, 3681
3836 index
Page
Seabury, Helen 3691
Seabury, Mary 3691
Seaman, C. E 3614, 3615
Searle, Robert 3626. 3678
Sears, Lawrence 3658
Seaver, Edwin opposite 3646, opposite 3649, 3650, 3667, 3783
Seaward, Carl Albert 3667
Seebode, Richard W. F 3667,3708
Seely, Charles 3688
Segal, Bernard 3680
Seghers, Anna opposite 3646, opposite 3649, 3650
Seifert, Harvey 3762
Seifert, Joseph I 3607
Seigil, Ruth 3667
Seigworth, V. Freda 3667
Selly, Joseph P 3608, 3667, 3680
Selsam, Howard 3667
Sergio, Lisa 3680
Sessions, Elizabeth 3658
Sevely, Rhoda W 3667
Sewall, Snmner 3609
Seward, John P 3667
Seymour, Frank C 3658
Sexton, E. Herbert _— 3667
Shahn, Ben opposite 3624
Sharp, Malcolm 3658
Sharp, Waitstill H 3667
Sharp, William MacDonald 3708
Sharpe, D. R 3644, 3680
Sharpnack, Shippy 3760
Shaw, George Bernard 3795
Shaw, Mary J 3667
Shayon, Robert opposite 3624
Sheean, Mrs. Vincent 3678
Sheen, Monsignor 3637, 3641, 3655
Sheen, Fulton 3650, 3681, 3682, opposite 3766
Sheen, Warren P 3708
Sheldon, Charles M 3695
Sheldon, Sidney 3658
Shenefelt, Arthur 3708
Shenton, Herbert N 3756, 3764
Shepard, John 3670
Sherer, A. J 3667
Sherman, Mrs. Florentine S 3640
Sherman, M. B 3608
Sherman, W. J 3756, 3764
Sherover, Miles M 3609
Sherrill, Henry Knox opposite 3598, 3607, 3609
Shipler, Guy Emery 3638, 3667, 3669, 3680, 3708
Shirer, William L 3680
Shirer, Mrs. William L 3680
Sholokhov, Mikhail opposite 3646
Sholtz, Jacob 3667
Shore, Viola Brothers 3667
Shore, Wilmer 3658
Shryver, Katherine 3687
Shubow, Joseph S 3607
Shuler, Bob 3709, 3711, 3722
Shumlin, Herman 3608, 3640, 3680
Shumlin. Mrs. Herman 3640
Shurcliff, Mrs. Arthur A 3607
Shurtleff, Paul M 3667
Sibley, H. Norman 3708
Sidney, Sylvia 3640, 3670
Siegmeister, Elie 3667
index 3837
Page
Sigerist, Henry E . 3608,
3639, opposite 3646, opposite 3649, 3650, 3669, 3670
Sillen, Samuel 3658, 3667
Silver, Abba Hillel 3638, 3669, 3670, 3688, 3691
Silvertborn, Katherine V 3691
Simkhovitch, Mary 3639
Simmons, C. LeBron 3667
Simmons, Ernest J 3667
Simmons, Henry A 3708
Simon, Elsa W 3667
Simonov, Konstantin opposite 3646, opposite 3649, 3650
Simonson, Lee 3640, 3667
Simpson, Mrs. Kenneth F 3680
Sims, D. H 3688
Sinclair, Upton 3614, 3638, 3667, 3669, 3670, 3711, 3712, 3722, 3723
Singer, Edgar F 3667
Singleton, Claude 3762
Sisson, E. Donald 3658
Sizoo, Joseph R 3680
Skinner, C. D 3756, 3764
Skinner, Stanley E 3667, 3708
Sklar, George 3640
Skop, Morris 3688
Sloan, Raymond P 3609
Slocombe, Edwin M 3667, 3708
Slonimsky, Nicholas 3607
Smallens, Alexander 3640
Smart, W. A 3762
Smedley, Agnes opposite 3624
Smith, Alson J 3667
Smith, Asbury 3708
Smith, Carl D 3667
Smith, Charles Edward 3658
Smith, Chester A 3757, 3762
Smith, Edwin S 3608
Smith, Eugene L 3762
Smith, Houston 3762
Smith, James Iden 3667
Smith, Jessica 3608, opposite 3646, opposite 3649
Smith, Kenneth 3762
Smith, LeRoy 3722
Smith, Mason 3667
Smith, Randolph B 3658
Smith, Vaughn 3762
Smith, Walter A 3667
Smyth, F. Hastings 3658, 3708
Snow, Edgar opposite 3646, opposite 3649, 3650, 3680
Snyder, Alice D 3667
Snyder, G. Franklin 3708
Soares, Theodore G 3667
Sockman, Ralph 3680, 3762
Soderberg, E. Hilmer 3708
Soley, Elizabeth W 3667
Sondergaard, Hester l 3667
Sonen, Robert W 3667
Soper, Elgar 3762
Sorokin, P. A 3609
Sorrell, Herbert K 3667
Soule, Alfred M ; 3667
Soule, Arthur M 3708
Soule, Carl 3762
Soule, Isabel Walker 3658
Southworth, H. Rutledge 3644
Soyer, Moses 3680
Soyer, Raphael 3680
Spaatz, General 3672
Spaeth, Sigmund 3667, 3680
43620 — 54 18
3838 index
Page
Sparling, Clyde V 3708
Spaulding, W. B 3756, 3764
Speers, T. Guthrie 3691
Spellruan, Archbishop 3684
Spencer, Fanny Bixby opposite 3610
Spencer, Frederick 3622
Spencer, John C 3708
Sperry, William B 3708
Spiro, Gretel 3667
Spofford, William B 3626, 3634, 3638, 3667, 370S
Squires, Charles W 3667
Stack, Joseph 3680
Stagner, Ross 3667
Standard, William 3667
Stanfield, C. A 3658
Stanger, John V 3667
Stanley, Clifford L 3708
Stanton, E. Lester 3708
Stanpers, Mabel K 3667
Stavis, Barrie 3658
Stavrianos, Bertha Kelso 3667
Steel, Johannes 3644, opposite 3646, opposite 3649, 3650, 3680
Steele, Mr 3749
Steere, Douglas V :___ 3681
Stefanson, Vilhjalmur 3608
Steiger, A. J opposite 3646
Stein, Arthur 3667
Stein, Louis 3667
Stein, Richard 3763
Steinmetz, Philip H 3708
Stellhorn, Raymond W 3667
Stern, Bernard J 3667
Sternberger, Estelle M 3680
Stettinius, Edward, Jr opposite 3598
Stettinius, Mrs. Edward, Jr opposite 3598
Stevens, J. Stanley 3667, 3708
Stevens, Thelma 3757, 3758
Stevenson, A. E 3667
Stewart, Carroll 3708
Stewart, Donald Ogden 3667, 3670, 3680, 36S6, 3688
Stewart, Mrs. Donald Ogden 3626
Stewart, Martha 3762
Stewart, Maxwell S 3609
Stidger, W. L 3756, ?764
Stinson, Elizabeth . 762
Stix, W T alter H 3667
Stockham, John R 3667
Stoessel. Albert 3640
Stokes, Anson Phelps 3609
Stokowski, Leopold 3609
Stolberg, Benjamin 3786, 3787
Stoltz, Mildred K 3667
Stone, Charles Leonard : 3667
Stone, Elihu D : 3607
Stoneham, Elbridge F 3667
Storm, Carl 3667
Storm, Carroll 3708
Stout, Deiner S 3667
Stowe, Everett M 3762
Stowe, Leland 3638, 3669
Stowe, Lyman Beecher 3667
Strand, Paul opposite 3624
Straus, Leon 3667
Streich, Paul H 3708
Strong, Anna Louise opposite 3646, opposite 3649, 3650, 3667
index 3839
Page
Struik, Dirk J 3600-3602, 3607, 3667
Strtmsky, Mrs. W. English 3667
Stuart, John 3667
Stuber, Stanley I 3680
Sturgis, Warren S 3607
Sugar, Maurice 3667
Suk, Joseph 3607
Sundwall, John 3639, 3669, 3670
Sutcliffe, E. Lenton 3667
Sutherlin, Calvin J 3667
Sutton, Richard M 3667
Swan, Alfred W 3708
Swanson, Sam A 3667
Sweat, Joseph 3678
Sweeney, Samuel H 3762
Sweet, Sidney E 3667
Swins, F. M 3680
Swing, Raymond Gram 3609, 3771, 3777
Swope, Gerard 3609
Tabouis. Genevieve 3609
Taft, Ada B 3667
Taft, Clinton I 3755
Taggard, Genevieve opposite 3646, opposite 3649, 3650, 3680
Talbott, Glenn J 3667
Tarasov, M. P opposite 3649
Tasman, Eric M 3~08
Taubman, Howard opposite 3624
Taussig, F. W opposite 3598
Tavlor, Alva W 3644, 3667, 26S0
Taylor, Daniel 3762
Tavlor, Deems opposite 3624, 3625
Taylor, Ethel C 3639
Tavlor, Frank E 3680
Tavlor, John H 3667,3708
Taylor, Lloyd W 3667
Tedcastle, Arthur T 3"08
Ten Broeck, William D 3755
Ten Eyck, Mills 3609
Tenney 3622
Tereshtenko, Valery J opposite 3646, opposite 3649, 3650
Terman. Lewis M 3667
Terrill, Katherine 3626, 3667
Terry, M. C — 3667
Thi^'- ield. W. P 3756,3764
The'^ias, Elbert D 3609
Thomas, Norman 3691
Thomas, R. J 3609,3688
Thompson, Edward 3667
Thompson, Frederick 3667
Thompson, George L 3 r >67
Thompson, John B 3708
Thompson, John R 36S8
Thompson, Joseph W 3708,3762
Thompson, Mark 3667
Thompson, M. I 3667
Thompson, Roger E 3708
Thomson. Mildred 3759
Thorek, Max 3609
Thome, Frank 3B67
Thrasher, T. R 3708
Throckmorton, Dillon Wesley 3667, 3708. 3762
Tibbett, Lawrence 3657
Tillieh, Paul 3641, 3642, 3644, 3667, 3681
Tilly, Mrs. M. E 3688,3757,3750
Timms, Josephine 3667
3840 INDEX
Page
Tinker, Wellington H 3691
Tipple, Ezra Squier 3591
Tippy, Worth M 3756,3764
Titelman, Leonard R 3667
Tittle, Ernest F 3369, 3734, 3756, 3762, 3764
Tittle, Pearl D 3667
Titus, Joseph H 3667, 3708
Tobias, Channing H 3638, 3644, 3667, 3688
Tohin 3621
Tobin, Daniel J 3607,3688
Tobriner, Mathew O 3667 *
Todd, T. Wingate 3639,3669
Tolan, Edward 3667
Toller, Ernst 3639
Tolman, Edward Case 3640,3667
Tomlinson, W. F 3708
Toney, Charles E 3667
Toothaker, Frank 3762
Torchin, Max 3680
Totten, Edward P 3667
Tour, Mrs. Harry B 3688
Townsend, Frances E 3688
Townsend, V. M 3667
Tracey, E. F -'— 3667
Trapp, Jacob 3667, 3708
Travis, Robert C 3667
Trent, Lucia 3667
Treworgy, Everett S 3667, 3708
Tricker, Lilian 3667
Trone, S. A 3609
Troyer, James W 3667
True 3659
Tully, Jim 3667
Truman, Harry S 3724
Tucker, Henry St. George opposite 3598, 3609
Tucker, Robert L 3756,3764
Turnipseed, Andrew S 3759
Tuthill, Ernest C 3708
Tuttle, Frank 3667
Ture, Rosemond 3668
Tyler, William A 3668, 3708
Ty'nes, Hercourt A 3668
Tyroler, Louis 3668
Untermeyer, Jean Starr 3668
Uphaus, Willard 3668, 3759
Urban, Leigh R 3708
Urmy, Ralph B 3756, 3757, 3764
Urquhart, Mrs 3712
Vakar, Nicholas 3607
Valentino, Anthony 3668
Van Dorn, Carl 3639,3657
Van Doren, Mark opposite 3624, 3680
Van Dusen, Henry P 3691
Van Gelder, Philip H 3609
Van Horn, R. E 3609
Van Kirk, Walter W 3691
Van Kleeck, Mary 3609, 3639
Van Paassen, Pierre 3641, 3644, 36S0, 3681
Van Tassell, Morgan W 3668, 3708
Van Veen, Stuyvesant 3639
Varnadsky, George 3609
Veblen, Oswald 3668
Velarde, Cleo C 366S
Verhulst, Grant I 3610
Versteeg, John M 3668
Viereck 3659
1 Spelled Mathrew O. Tobriner in this reference.
INDEX 3841
Page
Villard, Oswald Garrison 3688,3691
Vincent, Craig 3608
Vinton Margaret 3668
Vixnian, Mrs. A. H 3638
Vlastos, Gregory 3641, 3644. 3681
Vonstilli, A. E 3667
Vorhees, Frederick F 3708
Vuagniaux, W. W 3668
Wadleigh, Beatrice 3668
Wagner, Erwin 3680
Wagner, O. Walter 3708
Wahlberg, Edgar M 3757, 3762
Wald, Lilliam D 3639,3670
Waldbaum, Saul C 3668
Waldman, Louis 3639
Walen, Georg J. M 3668
Wales, Nym 3380
Walker, Alice H 3668
Walker, Herman B 3668
Walker, Hudson 3608
Walker, Kenneth C 3668, 3708
Wallace, A. J 3712
Wallace, R. T 3668
Wallenstein, Alfred 3640
Walls. W. J 3609
Walser, Kenneth 3691
Walsh, Edmund A 3787
Walsh, J. Raymond 3680
Waltmire, W. B 3668, 3708
Walton. Eda Lou 3668
Ward, Courtney D 3668
Ward, Harry F 3596,
3597, opposite 3598, 3609, 3622. 3626, 3627, 3638, opposite 3649, 3668,
3708, 3725-3729, 3733, 3734, 3736, 3738-3740, 3742, 3746-3748, 3750,
3751, 3753, 3755, 3756, 3762, 3764.
Ward, Lynd 3668
Ward, V. O 3756, 3764
Ware, Alice Holdship 3668
Ware, Harold 3785
Warne, Colston E 3784
Warner, Florence M 3668
Warner, George A 3708
Warner, Walter R 3708
Washabauch, I. Edgar 3610
Waterman. Leroy 3609, 3668
Watkins, William T 3757, 3758
Watson, Goodwin • 3640
Watson. Morris 3638, 3668
Watts, Richard, Jr 3640
Waymouth, Mary 3668
Weary, Gerald F 3668
Weatherly, Arthur L 3668
Weatherwax, Clara 3668
Weaver, Rufus W 3644, 3681
Webb, Mitchell , 3670
Webb, Sidney opposite 3646, opposite 3649. 3650
Webber, Charles C 3668, 3708, 3759
Weber, Max 3609, 3668
Webster, Bradford G 3668, 3708, 3"62
Weed, Florence 3668
Wegner, Charles E 3762
Weidman, Charles 3680
Weigle, Luther A 3691
Weill, Kurt 3680
Wcinstein, Jacob 3R57
Weinstein. Jacob J 3668. 3708
Weinstock, Louis 3680, 3783
3842 index
Page
Weisner, Louis 3668
Welch, Daniel M 3668, 3708
Welch, Herbert 3708, 3756, 3764
Welday, H. A 3708
Weldon, Wilson 3762
Welke, Melvin Louis 3668
Welles, Orson 3640, 3688
Welling, Richard 3691
Wellman, Charles Phelps 3668
Wells, Hildegarde B 31568
Wendell, C. A 3668
Wendell, Richard G 3668
Wendt, Bruce B 3708, 3762
Wengert, Paul 3762
Werner, Hajen F 86fiS
Werner, Max opposite 3646, opposite 3640, 3650
Wesley, Charles H 3688
Wesselhoeft, Mary F 3668
West, Walter 3639
Weston, Robert 3708
Weymouth, Frank W 3668
Wheelwright, Philip 3668
Wherry, Senator 3675
Whitaker, Robert 3642, 3643, 3708
White, Eliot 3668, 3708
White, Lloyd D 3757
White, Luke M 3708
White, Roland A 3668
White, Wayne 3668, 3708, 3757, 3759
White, William Allen 3691
Whiting, Mrs. Royal G 3668
Whitman, Willson 3668
Whitney, A. F 3607, 3638, 3688
Wice, David H 3668
Wieman, Henry N 3609, 3641, 3644, 366S, 36S0, 3681
Wilke, Harold 3708
Wilkins, John P 3708
Wilkins, Roy H 3626
Wilkison, M. F 3668
Willard, C. Lawson, Jr 3708
Willets, George LeRoy 3668
Williams, Albert Rhys opposite 3646, opposite 3649, 3650
Williams, Aubrey 3787
Williams, C. C 3609
Williams, Claude 3680
Williams, David Rhys 3708
Williams, Homer L 3668
Williams, Mrs. Homer L ... 3668
Williams, J. Paul 3668
Williams, John Clark 3762
Williams, Leah B 3668
Williams, Morgan 3762
Williamston, H. W 3668
Willits, Will 3708
Willkie, Wendell 3655, 3673
Willman, L. K 3756, 3764
Wilson, Bvron H 3722
Wilson, Charles C 3668, 3708
Wilson, Elwin L 3668, 3708, 3759
Wilson, George 3688
Wilson, Helen W 3668
Wilson, J. Finley 3668,3688
Wimberley, R. S 3762
W'ingfield, Marshall 3668
Winkelstein, Warren 3H6S
Winrod 3659
Winslow, Mrs. Andrew N 3607
index 3843
Page
Winslow, C. E. A 3639, 3668, 3669
Winston, Alexander 3668
Winter, Ella 3639, opposite 3646, opposite 3649, 3650
Wise, Effie 3668
Wise, G. E 3668
Wise, Herbert A 3678
Wise, James Waterman opposite 3624, 3680
Wise, Louis Waterman opposite 3624
Wise, Stephen S 3626, 3627, 3688, 3691
Wise, Mrs. Stephen S 3680
Wishart, Charles F 3609
Wishart, Robert 3668
Witt, John L 3668
Witt, Nathan 3668
Wolbarst, Abraham L 3668
Wolcott, Ruth F 3757, 3759
Wolf, Benedict 3668
Wolfe, David 3795
Wolfe, James H 3609
Wolfson, Abraham 3668
Woll, Matthew 3787
Woltman, Mr 3749
Wood, Alonzo L 3668
Wood, Charles E. S 3668
Wood, L. Hollingsworth 3691
Wood, Maxine 3668
Wood, Robert 3652
Woods, Prenza L. S 3757
Woody, Thomas 3668
Wooley, Mary E 3607,3609,3657,3668,3691
Worley, Loyd 3763
Worthington, Jane 3668
Wright, Archie 3668
Wright, Henry opposite 3624
Wright, Herman 3668 ;
Wright, Quincy opposite 3598, 3668>
Wurgler, Nelson 3763
Wust, Peter 3641
Wyker, James D 366S, 3708
Yader, Fred R 3668
Yakhontoff, Victor A 3789
Yard, James M 3756,3764
Yarrow, Walter J 3614
Yergan, Max 3609, 3638, 3668, 3688
York, M. Jessie 3613
Yost, Mary 3609
Young, Art 3594, 3639
Young, Bradford 3708
Young, Jack B '_'__ 3668
Young, Louise 3688
Young, Manoog S 3668
Young, Owen D "opposite 3198
Young, William Lindsay 3668
Youngdahl, Benjamin E 3668
Younger, John T 3668, 3708
Yu Tsune-chi 3627
Zander, Arnold 3668
Zeitlin, Morris opposite 3646
Zilborg, Gregory 3680
Zilborg. Mrs. Gregory 3680
Zimbalist, Efrem 3640, 3670
Zimmerman, Clara 3668
Zimmerman, J. F 3609
Zmrhal, J. J 3609
Zorach, William opposite 3624, 3680
Zucker, Jack S 3668
3844 index
Page
Zugsmith, Leone 3609, opposite 3624
Zworykin, Vladimir Kosma 3609
Zysnian, Dale 3668
Organizations
Abolish Peonage Committee of America 3643
Action Committee To Free Spain Now 3653, 3671
Adrian College, Michigan 3763
Alabama Methodist Federation for Social Action 3759
All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions opposite 3649
Allegheny College, Meadville, Pa 3760
Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority 3688
Alpha Phi Alpha 3688
Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America 3614, 3759
American Association of University Professors 3784
American Civil Liberties Union 3595, 3596, 3598, 3603,
3604, opposite 3610, 3626, 3632, 3688, 3689, 3723-3725, 3755, 3761
American Civil Liberties Union, Southern California opposite 3610
American Committee for Democracy and Intellectual Freedom 3782
American Committee for Spanish Freedom. 3596, 3653, 3656, 3671, 3672, 3677-3679
American Council of Churches 3719, 3720
American Federation of Labor 3607,3688,3787
American Federation of Labor Women's Auxiliaries 3688
American Federation of Teachers 3626,3784,3787
American Friends of the Chinese People 3595, 3598, 3621-3623, 3626, 3627
American Friends Service 3631
American Friends for Spanish Freedom 3598
American Fund for Public Service. {See also Garland fund.) 3690,3786
American Institute of Laundering 3660
American League Against War and Fascism 3590, 3595, 3598,
opposite 3610, 3621-3624, 3626, 3627, 3638, 3688, 3689, 3733, 3736, 3782
American League for Peace and Democracy 3595, 3598, 3622, 3624, 3628, 3782
American Peace Crusade 3785
American Peace Mobilization 3622,3780
American Round Table on India opposite 3610
American-Russian Institute opposite 3646, opposite 3649, 3794, 3795, 3797
American Society for Russian Relief 3789
American-Soviet Friendship Rally. (See also National Council of Ameri-
can-Soviet Friendship. ) 3590
American Unitarian Youth 3688
American Youth Congress 3626, 3736, 3780
America's Town Meeting of the Air 3590
Arts, Sciences, and Professions Council of the Progressive Citizens of
America 3619, 3620
Baptist Home Mission Society 3706
Bennett College, North Carolina 3759
Board of Education, Nashville 3759, 3760
Board of Evangelism, Nashville, Tenn 3760
Board of Missions 3759, 3761
Board of Missions and Extensions of the Methodist Church 3768,
3769, 3774, 3777
Boston University Conference on Preaching 3747
Boston University School of Theology 3725, 3739, 375S, 3760, 3775
Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen 3688
Building Service Union, AFL 3607
California State Federation of Women's Clubs 3712
Canadian Broadcasting Corp opposite 3646
Candler School of Theology, Emory University, Georgia 3762
Central Council of Trade Unions of the USSR 3780
Chicago Interdenominational Council of Negro Churches 3643
Chicago University 3643
Chinese Musical Society 3626
Christian Social Relations for Wesleyan Service Guild 3762
Church Extension of the Methodist Church 3591
Church League for Industrial Democracy 3626, 3688
Citizens Committee for Harry Bridges 3595, 3693
index 3845
Page
-Citizens Victory Committee for Harry Bridges 3595, 3598, 3693
•Civil Rights Congress 3781
•Civilian Conservation Corps 3622
Clark College, Atlanta, Ga 3759
•Colgate-Rochester Divinity School 3643
Colorado Conference, Methodist Federation for Social Action 3762
'Colored Voters League of America 3688
Columbia University opposite 3624, 3626, 3639, 3759
Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons 3669
Commercial Board of Los Angeles 3616
Commission on World Peace of the Methodist Church 3604, opposite 3610
Committee for a Democrat Far Eastern Policy 3786
Committee for Peaceful Alternatives 3785, 3786
■Committee on Friendly Relations Among Foreign Students, New York City_ 3762
Committee on Militarism in Education. 3594, 3598, opposite 3610, 3686, 3688-8692
Committee to Aid the Intellectuals in China 3652
Committee to Defend America by Keeping out of War 3782, 3783
Commonwealth College 3783
Communist International 3629, 3780, 3783
Community House, Detroit, Mich 3706
Conference on Pan American Democracy 3783
Conference on Peaceful Alternatives to the Atlantic Pact 3785
Congress of American-Soviet Friendship 3595, 3598
-Congress of American Women 3645, 3781
Congress of Industrial Organizations 3607, 3688, 3703, 3761, 3784-3786
Congress of Women's Auxiliaries 3688
Consumer's Union 3783
Coordinating Committee to Lift the Embargo 3783
Cooperative League of U. S. A 3760
Cornell College, Mount Vernon, Iowa 3761
Cornell University 3705, 3752
-Council Against Intolerance in America 3688
Council for Social Action of the Congregational Christian Churches,
New York 3705
Council for Social Reconstruction, Evangelical and Reformed Church 3708
Council of Bishops 3592
Council of Christian Laymen 3603, 3719
Council of Women for Home Missions 3591
Crozer Theological Seminary 3643
Cultural and Scientific Conference for World Peace 3781
Dartmouth College 3752
Delta Sigma Theta 3688
De Pauw University 3594, 3610, 3692, 3793
Dial Press opposite 3649
Drew Theological Seminary 3591
Duke University School of Theology 3760
East Oklahoma Conference 3763
East Tennessee Educational Association opposite 3610
Emory University, Candler School of Theology 3762
Epworth League 3743, 3744
.Farmers Educational and Cooperative Union 3688
Federal Bureau of Investigation 3592,
3597, 3601, 3652, 3730, 3737, 3750, opposite 3766
Federal Communications Commission 3660
Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America 3591,
opposite 3598, opposite 3610, 3631, 3648, opposite 3649, 3768-3770,
3774, 37777-3779, 3797-3799.
Federated Farm-Labor Party opposite 3610
Federated Press 3690
Fellowship of Humanity 3706
Fellowship of Reconciliation 3594, opposite 3610, 3689
Ferrer Modern School (socialist) 3614
Food, Tobacco, and Agricultural Workers 3784
Foreign Missions Conference 3761
Foreign Policy Association 3768-3771, 3774, 3778, 3779, 3789
Fraternal Council of Negro Churches 3643, 3688
3846 index
Page
Friends of Democracy opposite 3610
Friends of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade 3784
Friends of Soviet Russia 3604, 3614
Friends of the Soviet Union 3604, 3645, 3780, 3784
Gammon Theological Seminary, Atlanta 3761
Garland Fund. (See also American Fund for Public Service. )__ 3689, 3690, 3692
Garrett Biblical Institute 3759, 3760, 3762
General Board of Education, Nashville, Tenn 3760
General Board of Evangelism, Baldwin City, Kans 3760
General Conference of the Methodist Church 3590
Georgetown University 3787
Georgia Institute of Technology 3759
German American Bund 3660
Goodwill Industries, St. Paul, Minn 3762
Graduate School of Applied Religion, Cincinnati, O 3706
Graduate School of Religion, University of Southern California, Los
Angeles 3762
Graduate School of Theology, Oberlin College, Ohio " 3760
Harry Bridges Defense Committee 3693
Harry Bridges Defense Committee of San Francisco 3595
Harry Bridges Victory Committee of San Francisco 3595, 3693
Harvard Medical School opposite 3624, 3639, 3669
Harvard University 3598, opposite 3824, 3631, 3703
High-School Teacher's Association, Los Angeles 3613, 3615
Home Missions Council 3760
Home Missions Council, Bureau of Architecture 3705
Illinois Wesleyan University 3761
Improved Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks of the World 3688
Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences, and Professions...— 3619,
3688
Indiana Farm Bureau Cooperative Association , 3761
Indiana State Reformatory 3590, 3594, opposite 3598, 3793
Industrial Workers of the World— opposite 3610, 3614-3618, 3709-3712, 3722, 3723
Institute of Pacific Relations 3326, opposite 3649
Interdenominational Bureau of Architecture, New York City . 3760
Inter-Faith Division of the American Committee for Spanish Free-
dom opposite 3598, 3671
International Fellowship of Reconciliation 3594
International Labor Defense 3652, 3688, 3690, 3780, 37S1
International Longshoremen's and Warehousemen's Union, CIO 3703
International News Service 3787
International Union of Mine, Mill, and Smelter Workers of America___^_ 37S6
International University 3769
International Workers Order 3590, 3785
Interstate Commerce Commission 3746-
Jefferson School of Social Science opposite 3649
Johns Hopkins Medical School 3639,3669
Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee 3757
Ku Klux Klan 3684
Labor Emergency Conference 3614
League for the Organization of Progress 3594, opposite 3610, 3689
League of Women Shoppers 3688
Lisle Fellowship, New York City 3760
Los Angeles Board of Education 3612
Los Angeles High School Teachers Association 3723
Louisiana Conference, Methodist Federation for Social Action 3761
Massachusetts Council of American-Soviet Friendship 3595, 3598, 3599, 3607
Massachusetts Institute of Technology 3600,3601
Massachusetts State CIO 3607
Mayo Clinic 3639, 3669
Medical Bureau and North American Committee to Aid Spanish Democ-
racy 3595, 3598, opposite 3610, 3652, 3656, 3669, 3670, 3784, 3785
Methodist Board of Foreign Missions 3626
Methodist Church, Board of Pensions 3705-
Methodist Federation for Social Action 3598,
3727, 3728, 3733-3736, 3738, 3739, 3741, 3744-3746, 3749-3752, 3758..
3759, 3761-3764, 3779.
inde:$ 3847
Page
Methodist Federation for Social Service 3596,
3597, 370S, 3742, 3749, 3754, 3756, 3757, 3764
Mid-Century Conference for Peace 3786
Ministerial Union 3709
Missionary Education Movement 3591
Motion Picture Association of America opposite 3624, 3625
Mount Union College, Alliance, Ohio 37G0, 3762
Mount Sinai Hospital 3639,3669
Municipal Civil Service Commission 3626
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People 3688, 3760
National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses 3688
National Bar Association 3688
National Brotherhood of Railway Porters 3626
National Citizens Political Action Committee 3619
National Committee of Protestant Associates 3643
National Committee To Abolish the Poll Tax 3677, 3686, 3687
National Conference Methodist Youth 3759
National Conference of Social Work 3688
National Council of American- Soviet Friendship 3595 r
3598, 3599, 3001, 3604, 3607, 3608, 3609, opposite 3610, opposite
3646, 3770-3773, 3781, 378S, 3789.
National Council of Negro Women 3688, 3766
National Council of the Arts, Sciences, and Professions 3781
National Council of the Churches of Christ in America 3716, 3717, 3720
National Emergency Conference for Democratic Rights 3785
National Farm Labor Union 3688
National Federation for Constitutional Liberties 3595,
3598, 3650-3652, 3654, 3657, 3660, 3688, 3781, 3785
National Federation of Settlements 3688
National Intercollegiate Christian Council 3688
National Lawyers Guild 3688
National Maritime Union 3627
National Negro Business League 368S
National Negro Congress 3688, 3748, 3785
National Recovery Administration 3622
National Religion and Labor Foundation 3594, opposite 3610, 3759
National Urban League 3688
National Women's Trade Union League 3688
New York Conference, Methodist Federation for Social Action 3762
New York Federation of Churches 3626
New York Polyclinic Medical School 3639, 3669
New York State Council of Churches 3758
New York University opposite 3624, 3787
New York University Medical School 3639, 3669
Northesst Ohio Conference 3760
Northfield Seminary, East Northfield. Mass 3706
Northwestern University Medical School 3639, 3669
Oherlin College 3760, 3781
Office of War Information 3704
Ohio Wesleyan University 3591, 3761
Oxford University opposite 3598
Pacific School of Religion 3591, 3759
Peoples Educational League opposite 3610
Peoples' Institute of Applied Religion 3760
Portland District, Methodist Federation for Social Action 3761
Princeton University opposite 3598
Principal's Club. Los Angeles 3615
Progressive Book Shop, Boston, Mass 3645
Progressive Citizens of America 3597, 3619, 3620, opposite 3624, 3625
Railway Labor Executive Association 3688
Religian and Labor Center of Cleveland 3707
Religious Book Club 3637
Republican Study Club 3615
Rockefeller Foundation 3752
Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research 3639
3848 index
Page
Rockefeller Institute School 3669
Russian Independent Corp 3604
Russian reconstruction farms 3690, 3785
Samuel Houston College, Austin, Tex 3759
Sarah Lawrence College opposite 3649
Seattle Pacific College 3761
Second Congress Against War and Fascism 3748
Silver Legion 3660
Socialist Party 3614
Society of the Catholic Commonwealth (Anglican) 3708
Sons of the American Revolution 3722
South Georgia Conference, Methodist Federation for Social Action 3762
Southern Baptist Convention 3794, 3798
Southern Conference Educational Fund, New Orleans, La 3760
Southern Conference for Human Welfare 3688
Southern Methodist University 3591
Southern Negro Youth Congress 3688, 37o3
Southwest Texas Conference of Methodist Church 3707
Stamford University Medical School 3639, 3669
State, County, and Municipal Workers of America 3786
Stockholm Peace Appeal 3698
Student Christian Movement 3761
Syracuse University opposite 3649, 3761
Teacher-Citizen Better Schools Committee, Los Angeles 3613, 3615
Teachers' College, Columbia University 3626,3759
Teamsters Union 3607
Tennessee State Teachers' Association 3603
Tennessee Valley Authority 3603
Texas Conference, Methodist Federation for Social Action 3762
Theater Guild opposite 3649
Theological Institute 3596
Townsend Plan 3688
Trade Union Committee of the Massachusetts Council 3607
Troy Conference Methodist Federation for Social Action 3763
Union Theological Seminary 3622, 3626, 3627, 3631, 3706,
3707, 3726, 3727, 3748, 3751, 3760-3762, opposite 3766
United Cannery, Agricultural, Packing and Allied Workers 3784
United Christian Council for Democracy 3688
United Council of Church Women National Board 3688
United Federal Workers of America 3786
United Mine Workers 3761
United Public Workers of America 3786
United States Congress Against War and Fascism 3622, 3688
University of California, at Berkeley 3761
University of California Medical School 3639, 3669
University of Chicago 3760
University of Chicago Medical School 3669
University of Colorado 3785
University of Georgia 3762
University of Illinois Medical School 3639, 3669
University of Michigan 3759
University of Michigan Medical School 3639, 3669
University of Minnesota 3760
University of Ohio 3763
University of Oklahoma, Norman, Okla 3760,3762
University of Southern California, Graduate School of Religion, Los
Angeles 3762
Vanguard Press 3786
Veterans of the Lincoln Brigade 3653
Washington University, St. Louis, Mo 3762
Washington University Medical School 3639, 3669
Wesley Foundation, Ohio University 3763
Wesley Foundation, University of California, Berkeley 3761
Wesley Foundation, University of Georgia 3762
Wesley Foundation, University of Oklahoma, Norman 3762
Wesleyan College, Macon, Ga 3761
index 3849
Page
West Oklahoma Methodist Federation for Social Action 3761
Western Reserve Medical School 3639, 3669
Williams College 3643
Wisconsin State Teachers College 3761
Woman's City Club, Los Angeles 3614, 3618
Women's Christain Service Division of the Methodist Church 3688
Women's Division of Christian Service 3761, 3762
Women's Division of Christian Service of the Board of Missions 3591
Workers' Party 3614
World Council of Churches 3591, opposite 3598, 3698, 3799
World Peace Commission, Chicago, 111 3762
Yale Divinity School 3705, 3761
Yale Law School opposite 3624
Yale Medical School 3639, 3669
Yale University 3591, 3598, 3763, 3780, 3783, 3784, 3787, 3788
Young Communist League 3735, 3736, 3785
Young Men's Christian Association 3614, 3618, 3626, 3627, 3759
Young Women's Christian Association 3626, 3688
Publications
Abingdon-Cokesbury Press 3591
Amerasia 3626
Birmingham (Ala.) Age-Herald 3660
Boston Herald 3699
Bureau County Republican 3596, opposite 3598, 3728, 3730-3732
Catholic Digest 3631
Central Christian Advocate 3758
Champion 3785
China Today 3622
Christian Advocate 3610, 3611
Christian Herald 3771
Christian Register 3790
Christian World Faith 3626
Churchman 3597, opposite 3598
Classmate 3590
Cleveland Plain-Dealer 3660
Daily Peoples World 3788
Daily Worker 3590, 3595, 3597, 3598, 3601, opposite 3610,
3620-3623, 3626, opposite 3624, 3690, 3780, 3782, 3783, 3785-3787
Economic Justice 3594
Emancipator, San Antonio 3706
Epworth Herald 3743, 3744, 3766
Equal Justice 3780'
Far East Spotlight 3786
Fight 3638, 3733, 3784
Indianapolis Star 3793
Knoxville Journal 3603, opposite 3610, 3611, 3689
Knoxville News-Sentinel opposite 3610
Knoxville Sentinel 3611
Liberty 3704
Look 3590
Los Angeles Daily News 3795
Los Angeles Times 3604, 3605, 3612-3615, 3618, 3710, 3712, 3722, 3723
Motive Magazine, Nashville 3761
Nation 3612, 3613
National Baptist 3631
New Masses 3594, 3598, 3649, 3690
New Republic 3612, 3613, 3783
New Times 3629
New York Times 3597, 3622, 3627, 37S6
New York World-Telegram 3660
Parade 3590, 3751, 3754, opposite 3763
Pastor Magazine 3758
Peoples Lobby Bulletin 3782
Presbyterian Tribune, Utica, N. Y 3705
3850 INDEX
Page
Protestant opposite 3610, 3G29, 3630, 3634-3638, 3642-3644, 3673
Protestant Digest 3595, 3598, opposite 3610, 3629-3632, 3634-3638,
3641, 3643, 3650, 3655, 3681, 3682, 3781
Reader's Digest 3702, 3776, 3779
Readers* Scope 3590, opposite 3598
St. Louis Post-Dispatch 3781
San Francisco Chronicle 3620, 3621, 3625
Saturday Evening Post 3787
Saturday Night opposite 3646
Social Justice 3660
Social Questions Bulletin 3759
SOVFOTO opposite 3646, opposite 3649
Soviet Russia Today 3645-3647, opposite 3649, 3781, 3784, 3785, 3789
Toledo Blade 3771, 3777
Washington Dailv News 3595
Washington Post 3597, opposite 3598, 3620, 3624, 3695, 3729
Washington Star 3594, 3597, opposite 3598, 3793, 3794
Witness 3634
Zion's Herald 3760
o
iliiii?"
3 9999 05445 31»»
TVNews
OpenLibrary