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DO  NOT  RE:MOV:f..OM  LIBRARY 


O   VOLUME  38 
NUMBER     1 

JANUARY 
19     4     2 


THE 


O  Miss  Elizabeth  Smellie 
Matron-in-Chief   in    Canada 
R.  C.  A.  M.  C. 

Fholo  by  Karsh,  Ottawa 


■    TH 


ANADIAN 
NURSE 


WNED       AND        PUBLISHED        BY 
THE    CANADIAN     NIIRSFfi     aqminiATinN 


U.  I  find  canned  fruits  very  convenient,  but  are  they 
as  good  for  my  family  as  the  kind  prepared  at  home? 

A.  Certainly.  The  principal  dietary  values  of  fruits 
are  carbohydrates,  vitamins,  and  minerals.  The 
canning  process  does  not  affect  the  carbohydrates  or 
mineral  values  of  fruits.  Also,  canning  has  little 
or  no  effect  on  the  vitamins  in  this  type  of  food. 
Even  vitamin  C,  the  most  easily  destroyed  of  the 
vitamins,  is  well  retained  in  canned  fruits,  because 
of  the  high  degree  of  protection  from  oxvgen  during 
the  canning  process,  (i) 

American  Can  Company,  Hamilton,  Ontario; 
American  Can  Company  Ltd.,   Vancouver,  B.C. 


(1)  1932.  J.  Am.  Med.  Assoc.  98,  1429. 

1938.  Nutrition  Abstracts  and  Reviews  8,  281. 
1938.  J.  Am.  Med.  Assoc.  110,  650. 
1940.  J.  Am.  Diet.  Assoc.  16,  891. 


BUIK  IN  SMOOTH,  FINE  FORM  SUPPLIED  IN 


FlgMOCENIZED 

(EXTRACE  LLULAR) 

BABY  FOODS 


Bulk  niL.->.--ar.\  to  promote  noimal  flimination 
in  very  youngr  babies  is  present  in  Libby's  Homo- 
firenized  Vegetables  and  Fruits — but  in  such  a  fine 
smooth  form  that  no  irritation  of  the  infant's  deli- 
cate digestive  tract  should  take  place.  In  feeding 
tests.  Libby's  Homogenized  Vegetables  and  Fruits 
have  proved  of  value  in  cases  of  infant  consti- 
pation. 

Libby's  exclusive  Homogenization  process  breaks 
up  tough  food  cell  walls,  e.xposing  nutrient  inside 
the  cell  for  easier  digestion.  Libby's  Homogenized 
Vegetables  and  Fruits  are  not  onlv  easily  diges- 
tible but  they  yield  more  nutriment  than  an 
equal  amount  of  strained  food. 

Because  in-vitro  tests  showed  that  Libby's  Homo- 
genized Vegetables  digested  far  more  completely 
in  half  an  hour  than  strained  vegetables  in  two 
hours,  they  may  be  added  to  even  a  young  infant's 
det  to  supply  anti-anemic  minerals  lacking  in  the 

h^T  f  ^ '♦''T"k- •    ^''^^    "°    ■"    ''"*^t«-    th^y    have 
been  fed  to  babies  as  young  as  six   we.ks. 


These  three  photographs  shows  stools  of  normal 
infants  (diluted  7  times  with  water  and  stained 
with   Lugols  solution)    100  times  magnified. 


Stool  of  normal  infant 
fed  home-strained  vege- 
tables. Some  of  the  food 
is  undigested.  Many 
coarse  fibres  are  also 
seen. 


Stool  of  normal  infant 
fed  commercially-strained 
vegetables.  Here,  also, 
some  food  has  not  been 
completely  digested.  Note 
coarse  fibres  that  may 
cause  intestinal  irrita- 
tion. 


Stool  of  normal  infant 
fed  Libby's  homogenized 
vegetables.  Better  diges- 
tion of  all  nutriment  is 
apparent.  No  coarse  fi- 
bres remain  to  cause  irri- 
tation. Needed  bulk  is 
present  in  fine,  smooth 
particles. 


^'*?.^^*^'*'^'-^  *"<*  descriptive  llteraturo  u>iii  k. 

P  ease  address  your  requests  to  Libby.   McNeill  & 
Libby  Laboratories.  Chatham.  Ontarii. 


10     BALANCED     BABy     FOOD     COMBINATIONS- 


Tho..  comWnotlon.  ofH*mo9.ni..d  V.8,table.,  „r.ol,  .oup,  ond  fruit,  mok. 
Dortor  to  pr...rlb.  o  y.ri.ty  «f  .olJd  f oodi  T^r  |  nf .Ij. 


Peas, 
beers, 
asparagus. 

Pumpkin, 
tomatoes, 
green  beans. 


4 


Whole  milk, 
whole  v/heat, 
soya  bean  flour. 


7 


Peas, 

carrofs, 

spinach. 


6 


"runes, 

pineapple  juice, 
lemon  juice. 


Soup — carrofs,  celery, 
tomatoes,  chicken  liv- 
ers,    barley,     onions. 


A  meatless  soup  — 
consisting  of  celery, 
potatoes,  peas,  car- 
rofs, fomotoes,  soya 
flour,  and  barley.  Can 
be  fed  to  very  young 
babies. 


An  improved  fruitcom- 
binatJon  —  Bananas, 
apples,  opricots  are 
combined  to  give  a 
nutritious  fruit  com- 
bination that  is  very 
tasty. 


9 


10 


it  oosy  for  the 

An  "all  Green" 
vegetable  combina- 
tion— Many  doctors 
have  asked  for  this 
Peas,  spinach  and 
green  beans  are 
blended  to  give  a 
very  desirable  vege- 
table product. 

Tomatoes,  carrots 
and  peas — These 
give  a  new  vege- 
table combination  of 
exceptionally  good 
dietetic  properties 
and  flavour. 


«       I  (        .    ,  ,,  .  ana  navoiir. 

M  In  Arfd-J'on  n,,ee  Single  Vegetable  PrcdoCs  Specially  Hon,ogenized 

CARROTS  — PEAS  — SPINACH    a  ,.  H 

tIBBYS    HOMOGENIZED    EVAP^RriED   MILK 

ilDBw         sa      .  Modu  IB  Canada  By 

UBBY,   MCNEILL  &  LIBBY   OF  CANADA  LIMITED,  Chatham,  Ont. 


MttAa^'^, 


^^x9^l 


ca^jo** 


^ffiVS> 


Co-ordinated  for  Sound  Teaching 

ESSENTIALS  OF  MEDICINE 


by  Emerson  and  Taylor  .  .  .  emphasis  is  on  the  complete  nursing  care  of  the  medi- 
cal patient,  medical  nursing  technics  are  described  in  detail.  New  section  on  the 
skin.  Dietary  aspects  included  wherever  indicated. 
892  Pages  195  Illustrations  $3.25 


SURGICAL  NURSING 


by  Elioson,  Ferguson,  Forrand  —  ...  "covers  the  entire  field  of  surgery"  and  the 
latest  surgical  nursing  technics.  Chemotherapy  and  the  newer  drugs  and  anesthe- 
tics are  presented.  Profusely  illustrated. 
686  Pages  244  Illustrations  $3.25 

PHARMACOLOGY 

by  Faddis  and  Hayman  —  ...  gives  correct  methods  of  administration  of  drugs, 
important  actions  and  toxic  effects,  including  new  drugs.  Numerous  teaching  and 
learning  aids. 
404  Pages  Illustrated  $3.25 

NUTRITION  in  Health  and  Disease 

by  Cooper,   Barber,  Mitchell  —  ...  brand  new  8th  edition.   Latest  findings  in 
Nutrition  and  Diet  Therapy.  New  chapter  on  Recommended  Dietary  Allowances. 
New  Dietary  Procedures.  Completely  revised  Food  Tables  spread  across  two  pages 
—  showing  all  food  values  including  mineral  and  vitamin. 
710  Pages  123  Illustrations  $3.50 


THE  PREMATURE  INFANT 

by  Hess  and  Lundeen  —  ...  entirely  new  ...  by  one  of 
the    greatest    living    authorities    on    the    premature    infant. 
Presents  the  exact  technics  and  precise  care  which  is  most 
effective  in  the  life  of  these  babies. 
309  Pages  74  Illustrations  $4.25 


J.B 


Lippincott  Text  and  Reference  Books 
that  are  proven  leaders  ... 

NURSING  CARE  OF  COMMUNICABLE  DISEASES.  Pillsbury.    1942. 

603  Pages.         137  Illustrations.         $3.50. 
ESSENTIALS  OF  CHEMISTRY.  Luros  and  Oram.    1940. 

464  Pages.     $3.25. 
MICROBIOLOGY.  Broadhurst  and  Given.    1939. 

653  Pages.  313  Illustrations.         $3.25. 

INTRODUCTION  TO  PRINCIPLES  OF  NURSING  CARE.  Smith  and  colleagues.    1939 

661  Pages.        83  Illustrations.         $3.25. 
PHARMACOLOGY,  MATERIA  MEDICA  AND  THERAPEUTICS.   Solomon.    1940. 

799  Pages.      91    Illustrations.      $3.25. 
HISTORY  OF  NURSING  NOTEBOOK.  Jamieson  and  Sewali     1941.       $1.50 
PHYSIOLOGY  AND  ANATOMY.  Greisheimer.   1940. 

822  Pages.      474  Illustrations.      $3.50. 
ANATOMY  AND  PHYSIOLOGY  LABORATORY  GUIDE.  Farris.  1941. 

144  Pages.      126  Illustrations.      $2.00. 
UROLOGY  FOR  NURSES.  Lowsley  and  Kirwin.    1942  new  ed. 

$4.00  (in  preparation). 
PNEUMONIA  AND  ITS  NURSING  CARE.   Ensworth  and  Greenwood     1940. 

177  Pages.      $1.75. 
MANUAL  OF  CLINICAL  CHARTING.  Meade.   1938. 

134  Pages.         $1.75. 
ASEPSIS  IN  COMMUNICABLE.DISEASE  NURSING.  Hasenjaeger.   1940. 

151   Pages.      27  Illustrations.      $1.75. 
THE  GRADUATE  NURSE  IN  THE  HOME.  Habel  and  Milton.   1940. 

290  Pages.      56  Illustrations.      $2.75. 
PROFESSIONAL  ADJUSTMENTS  I.  Jamieson  and  Sewali.    1940.        $1.25. 
PROFESSIONAL  ADJUSTMENTS  IN  NURSING.  Spalding.    1942. 

560  Pages.      $3.25. 
EMOTIONAL  HYGIENE.  Anderson.    1940. 

242  Pages.         $2.50. 
SOCIAL  CUSTOMS.  Crosse.   1938. 

327  Pages.      $2.75. 
QUANTITY  FOOD  SERVICE  RECIPES.  Wood.    1940. 

548  Pages.      $5.00. 
NUTRITIONAL  DEFICIENCIES.  Youmans.    1941. 

385   Pages.      $6.00. 
QUICK  REFERENCE  BOOK  FOR  NURSES.  Young.    1939. 

557   Pages.      $2.25. 
FIRST  AID  IN  EMERGENCIES.  Elioson.   1940. 

260  Pages.      $2.00. 


WARD   TEACHING        by  Anno  M.  Toylor,  R.N. 

Here  is  a  real  concept  of  a  clinical  teaching  program.  Tells  how  to  organize 
and  conduct"  your  ward  classes  .  .  .  discusses  methods  of  teaching  .  .  .  and 
gives  sample  teaching  outlines  and  lesson  plans.  It  meets  a  "felt  need". 

310  Pages  illustrated  $4.25 


LIPPINCOTT  COMPANY 

Medical  Arts  Building,  Montreal 


NUPERCAINAL    Ciba" 

A    highly    efficient    analgesic    and    anti-pruritic    ointment   with    a 
prolonged  anaesthetic  action 

for  the  relief  from  pain  and  itching  in  affections  of  the  skin  and 
mucous  membranes,  such  as 

SUNBURN  BURNS  HAEMORRHOIDS 

ULCERS  BED-SORES  CRACKED  NIPPLES 

DRY  ECZEMA  PRURITUS  ANI  AND  VULVAE 

Tubes  of  one  ounce  and  jars  of  one  pound 
Professional  samples  on  request. 

Ciba  Company  Ltd.       -       Montreal 


ABOUT    THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


What  about  it?  .  .  .  It  costs  two  dollars  a  year 
It  is  the  official  organ  of  The  Canadian  Nurses 
Association  .  .  .  and  if  you  are  not  a  member 
of  that  organization  you  ought  to  be  .  .  .  These 
are  days  of  rapid  change  and  development  in 
nursing  affairs  •  .  .  How  are  you  going  to  keep 
abreast  of  the  times  unless  you  belong  to  nurs- 
ing organizations  and  read  nursing  publica- 
tions? ...  It  just  can't  be  done  ...  So  that  is 
why  you  are  going  to  send  two  dollars  imme- 
diately, if  not  sooner,  to  The  Canadian  Nurse 
.  .  .  at  1411  Crescent  St.,  in  the  fair  city  of 
Montreal  .  .  .  Yes,  we  take  cheques  but  you 
must  add  fifteen  cents  for  exchange  .  .  . 
Thank  you. 


THE    CANADIAN     NURSE 

1411  Crescent  Street  Montreal 


Mfiuuoo  Mua  mum 
mw]  msimm.. 


As  a  nurse  you  undoubtedly  know  that 
constipation  needs  to  be  talked  about. 
And  when  that's  done,  you  can  really 
do  something  to  relieve  common 
constipation. 

Medical  research  has  devised  an  intel- 
ligent modern  way.  Many  cases  of  con- 
stipation are  due  to  the  lack  of  sufficient 
bulk  in  the  daily  diet.  Thus  intestinal 
muscles  which  play  an  important  part  in 
elimination  of  waste  may  get  too  little 
exercise;  soon  they  become  flabby  and 
constipated. 

SARAKA  exercises  the  intestinal 
muscles. 

I  SARaKA  was  created  to  provide  bulk 
and  to  help  exercise  intestinal  muscles 
in  a  convenient,  practical  way.  A  few 
tiny  granules  .  .  .  small  and  easy  to  take 
.  .  .  expand  to  form  the  soft  bulk  so 
often  needed  to  exercise  the  lazy  and 
under-worked  bowel. 


SARAKA  is  difiFerent.  The  gentle  bulk 
it  forms  is  soft,  not  rough;  smooth,  not 
harsh;  jelly-like,  not  oily.  There  is  noth- 
ing exacUy  like  SARAKA.  SARAKA  is 
not  bulk  alone.  In  addition  to  bulk  it 
also  contains  a  gentle  vegetable  aid  to 
elimination.  It  supplies  "softage,"  not 
roughage;  softage  with  a  plus,t  for  dual 
action. 

If  you  yourself  suflFer  with  common  con- 
stipation, take  SARAKA  faithfully  for 
a  few  days  and  begin  to  re-educate  your 
intestinal  muscles.  You  will  then  realize 
why  so  many  physicians  have  recom- 
mended SARAKA*  for  their  patients. 


T 


SARAKA 

FOR  UNDER-WORKED  INTESTINES 


-)'  Bassorin  plus  frangula. 
•  IlfgiKtert-a  Trade-Mark 


scherinct  corporation  limited 

1 37  St.  »-eur  Street,  Montreal,  P.  Q. 

Please  send  me  "The  Inside  Story  of  Constipation"  and 
generous  trial  size  sample  of  SARAKA. 

Name 

Street 

City Prov 


MARK  YOUR  CALENDAR 

NOW! 

The  Registered  Nurses 

Association  of 

Ontario 

are  planning  to  hold  their  Annual 

Meeting  in  Windsor  on  April  8,  9, 

10,  1942. 

Watch  for  the  program  in  a 

later  issue  of 

THE  CANADIAN  NURSE 

ALBERTA  ASSOCIATION  OF 
REGISTERED  NURSES 

Loan  Fund  for 
Post-Graduate   Study 

Two  loans  of  $250  each  are  available 
to  members  of  the  Alberta  Association 
of  Registered  Nurses  for  use  this 
Spring. 

Applications  must  be  received  on  or 
before  March  1,  1942. 

For  further  particulars  and  forms 
apply  to: 

Mrs.  A.  E.  Vango,  Secretary,  Alberta 

Association    of    Registered    Nurses, 

St.  Stephen's  College,  Edmonton. 


McCILL 
UNIVERSITY 

School  for  Graduate  Nurses 

The     following     one-year     certificate 

courses     are     offered     to     graduate 

nurses : 

TEACHING  AND 

SUPERVISION    IN    SCHOOLS 

OF   NURSING 

PUBLIC    HEALTH    NURSING 

ADMINISTRATION  IN 

HOSPITALS    AND   SCHOOLS 

OF   NURSING 

ADMINISTRATION  AND 

SUPERVISION 

IN  PUBLIC  HEALTH 

NURSING 

For  information  apply  to: 

School    for    Graduate    Nurses 
McGill   University,  Montreal. 


ROYAL    VICTORIA    HOSPITAL 

Montreal 

SCHOOL  OF  NURSING 

Courses   for   Graduate    Nurses 

1.  A  four-months  course  in  operat- 
ing room  technique  and  management 
is  offered  to  a  limited  number  of 
registered  nurses  who  have  already 
had  operating  room  experience.  Main- 
tenance is  provided.  For  further  in- 
formation apply  to  Miss  Fanny 
Munroe,  R.N.,  Superintendent  of 
Nurses,  Royal  Victoria  Hospital, 
Montreal. 

2.  The  following  post  graduate 
courses  in  obstetrical  nursing  and  in 
gynaecological  nursing  are  offered: 
Course  A  —  a  three-months  course 
in  obstetrical  nursing ;  Course  B  — 
a  two-months  course  in  gynaecolog- 
ical nursing.  Applicants  may  enroll 
for  either  or  both  courses.  Main- 
tenance and  an  allowance  are  pro- 
vided. For  further  information  apply 
to  Miss  C.  V.  Barrett,  R.N.,  Super- 
visor, Women's  Pavilion,  Royal  Vic- 
toria   Hospital,    Montreal. 

A   certificate  is  granted  on   the  suc- 
cessful   completion    of    any    of    the 
above  courses. 


leries  of  six.) 


"How  can  acid  rebound  and  alkalosis  be 
avoided  in  the  treatment  of  peptic  ulcer?" 
Amphojel  controls  free  HCl  safely.  When 
Amphojel  is  used  neither  secondary  acid  rise 
nor  alkalosis  is  possible  for  three  reasons:  1. 
A  gastric  pH  compatible  with  ulcer  healing  is 
maintained.  2.  Amphojel  is  not  absorbed.  3. 
Amphojel  itself  has  a  pH  of  approximotely 
6.7. 

Four  striking  features  of  Amphojel,  Wyeth's 
Alumina  Gel,  are  recognized  by  clinicians: 
Amphojel    provides    prompt    relief    from    pain. 


AMPHOJEL 


Wyeth's 
Alumina  Gel 


It  permits  rapid  healing  oi  the  ulcer.  It  can- 
not be  absorbed  and  eliminates  the  hozard 
of  alkalosis.  It  reduces  excess  acidity  with- 
out completely  neutralizing  the  gastric 
contents. 

AMPHOJEL.  WYETH'S  ALUMINA 
GEL  .  .  .  FLUID  ANTACID  .  .  . 
ADSORBENT 
One   or  two  teaspooniuls   either   undiluted   or 
with   a   little   water,   to  be   taken  five   or   six 
times   daily,  between  meals   and  on  retiring. 
Supplied  in  12-ounce  bottles. 


For  the  Convenience  of 
Ambulatory  Patients 

AMPHOJEL  TABLETS 
ANTACID 

One-half  or  one  tablet  in  half 
a  glass  of  water.  Repeat  five  or 
six  times  daily,  between  meals 
and  on  retiring. 

Supplied  in  bottles  of  50. 


JOHN  WYETH  &  BROTHER  (CANADA)  LIMITED,  WALKERVILLE,  ONT. 

7 


Now  under-arm 

Cream  Deodorant 


Stops  Perspiration 


1.  Doe?  not  harm  dresses — does  not 
irritate  skin. 

2.  No  waiting  to  dry.  Can  be  used 
right  after  shaving. 

3.  Instantly  stops  perspiration  for  1 
to  3  days.  Removes  odor  from 
perspiration. 

4.  A  pure  white,  greaseiess,  stainless 
vanishing  cream. 

5.  Arrid  has  been  awarded  the 
Approval  Seal  of  the  American 
Institute  of  Laundering,  for  being 
harmless  to  fabrics. 


Arrid  is  the  largest 
selling  deodorant  .  .  . 
Try  a  jar  today  — 
at  any  store  which 
sells   toilet   goods. 


ARRID 


39' 


|ar 


AT  ALL  STORES  WHICH  SELL  TOILET  GOODS 
(Also   in    15    cent   and  59  cent  jars) 


Maple  Leaf  Alcohols 

Medicinal  Spirits,  Iodine  Solution,  Ab- 
solute Ethyl  B.P.,  Rubbing  Alcohol, 
Denatured     Alcohol.     Absolute     Methyl 

Adapted  to  hospital  service.  Tested  pre- 
cisely from  raw  materials  to  finished 
product.  All  formulae  according  to  Do- 
minion Department  of  Excise  Specifica- 
tions   and   the    British    Pharmacopoeia. 


Canadian 
Industrial    Alcohol 

COMPANY,   LIMITED 

Montreal    Corbyville   Toronto 
Winnipeg         Vancouver 


'^  ifmrnmM? 


Be  identified  by  Cash's  special  style  D-54 
woven  name  on  wider  tape,  on  your  sleeve 
or  pocket.  Special  price  to  hospitals  —  $1 
for  minimum  order  of  1  doz.  Reduction 
for  quantities  of  three  dozen  and  over. 

CASH'S.    232    Grier    St.,    Belleville,    Ont. 


en  you  examine 

TAMPAX 

please  note . . . 


POINT  NO.  3:  HOW  GENTLE  ITS  CONTACT  WITH  THE  VAGINAL  EPITHELIUM 

Fine  surgical  cotton  forms  the  Tompox  tompon — the  kind  o  surgeon  might  use  for  O 
surgical  dressing.  Its  contact  with  the  resilient  stratified  squamous  epithelium  of  the 
vaginal  canal— ever  protectingly  moistened  by  its  own  transudate  and  by  uterine 
secretion — is  altogether  gentle  and  non-irritant. 

Yet  its  superior  absorbency  ofFords  a  safe  margin  of  protection  without  bulky 
packing  —  compression  of  the  tampon  permitting  easy  insertion,  and  flat  expansion  con- 
forming if  to  the  voginal  cross-section.  Indeed,  so  comfortable  is  Tampax  in  situ,  when 
properly  placed  high  in  *'-"  vaginal  vault,  that  the  user  is  hardly  aware  of  its  presence. 

Designed  by  a  physician,  Tampax  is  supplied  in  three  sizes  (Super,  Regular,  and 
Junior)  to  meet  individual  requirements.  Its  cross-fibre  stitching  precludes  the  possibility 
of  disintegration,  and  its  positive  "wick"  action  prevents  any  blocking  of  the  flow. 

The  comfort,  convenience,  and  freedom  it  affords  your  patients  can  reflect  your 
own  judgment  as  to  the  hygienic  superiority  of  this  infernal  form  of  menstrual  protection. 

Hove  you  examined  Tampax  recently?  Professional  samples  on  request! 


ACCEPTED  FOR  ADVER- 
TISING BY  THE  JOURNAL 
OF  THE  AMERICAN  MED- 
ICAL    ASSOCIATION 


CANADIAN  TAMPAX  CORPORATION  LTD., 
533    College    Street,    Toronto,    Ontario. 


Note  also  — 

!•  How  easy  it  is 
for  your  patienfi 
to  insert. 

2.  How  fiat  if 
expends  to  fit  t/ie 
vaginal  canal. 

4.  How  positive 
its  wick  action  in 

soaking   vp 
the  flux. 

5'  How  dainty  it 
is  for  your  pa- 
tients to  remove. 
O.  How  we//  it  is 
adapted  to  indi- 
vidua!  needs. 


CANADIAN  TAMPAX  CORPORATION  LTD. 
533    College   Street,   Toronto,   Ontario. 

Gentlemen:    Please    send    me    a    professional    supply    of 
Tampax. 

Name    

Address 

City      T-42-1 


The   Canadian   Nurse 

Registered  at  Ottawa,   Canada,   as  second  class  matter. 

Editor  and   Business   Manager: 
ETHEL  JOHNS,  Reg.  N.,   1411   Crescent  Street,  Montreal,  P.Q. 


CONTENTS  FOR  JANUARY,   1942 

Faith  A^fD  Courage      -------           G.  M.  Fairley  15 

Nursing  in  Chest  Surgery    ------              E.  Jordison  17 

A  Well  Merited  Recognition       --------22 

Nursing  Service  in  Small  Hospit.als      -         -         -         -         -     G.  M.  Hall  23 

Letters  from  Sweden           -------£.  Lyster  26 

Miss  Martin  Makes  a  Time  Study          -         -         -         -         -     G.  M.  Hall  30 

R.  C.  A.  M.  C.  Nursing  Sisters  in  Hong  Kong         -----  32 

Notes  from  the  National  Office           -------  33 

The  Head  Nurse's  Share  in  Ward  Teaching   -         -         -        M.  J.  Denniston  36 

Health  Teaching        --------      H.  Broum  39 

A  Forward  Step         ----_-_-_-  40 

Kla-How-Ya,  Tillicum!         -          -          -          -          -          -          -  M.  E.  Kerr  41 

Public  Health  Nurses  in  Canada           -         -       M.E.  Kerr  and  L.  M.  Creelman  42 

The  Point  of  View  of  the  Registrar    -         -         -         -              p.  Brownell  44 

A  Word  to  the  Registrar  -         -         -         -         -         -         -    H.  M.  Jolly  46 

Book  Reviews  -----------  A7 

Bromide  Intoxication         -           _         -         -         -         _             a.  O'Connor  49 

News  Notes      -----------  52 

Rendezvous      -         -         -         -          -         -         -         -         -A.   Brooke  62 


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Editor,    The   Canadian   Nurse,   1411    Crescent   Street,    Montreal,   P.Q. 


10 


too,  AcLcL  M^  A^^txylc  xtxt^^ 

THE  "gilded  cage"  of  ten  to  twenty  bedrooms.with  but  a  single 
small,  ill -ventilated  "water-closet,"  held  many  a  martyr  to 
constipation  or  its  alternative  of  the  mid-Victorian  era:  Grandma's 
nauseating  brews,  or  the  doctor's  unrefined  castor  oil  or  calomel. 

With  the  passing  of  heavy  red  flannel  underwear,  the  treatment 
or  constipation  has  also  emerged  from  its  early  crudity.  Out  of 
the  welter  of  professional  opinion  for  the  most  satisfactor)- 
modern  treatment  of  this  ever  prevalent  condition,  crystallized 
the  Agarol  idea  -a  mineral  oil  and  agar  emulsion  suitable  for 
every  age  period  and  in  every  pathologic  condition  where  an 
intestinal  evacuant  is  indicated. 

Physicians  are  using  Agarol  extensively  for  the  relief  of  acute 
constipation  and  for  the  treatment  of  habitual  constipation. 
They  know  that  its  high  viscosity,  thoroughly  emulsified 
mineral  oil  accomphshes  exactly  what  it  is  intended  to  do 
soften  the  intestinal  contents,  while  the  experimentally  deter- 
mined dose  of  phenolphthalein  assures  adequate  peristaltic 
stimulation  and  thorough  evacuation. 


AGAROL 


A  trial  supply  gladly  sent  on  request. 

WILLIAM  R.  WARNER  &  CO.,  LTD. 

727  KING  STREET,  WEST   -   TORONTO,  ONT 

11 


Reader's  Guide 


According  to  established  precedent,  the 
President  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Associa- 
tion, Grace  M,  Fairlcy,  sends  a  message  of 
faith  and  courage  for  the  New  Year.  We  are 
also  indebted  to  Miss  Fairley  for  allowing 
us  to  publish  the  inspiring  verses,  written 
by  Audrey  Brooke,  which  appear  on  the 
Christmas  card  of  the  South  African 
Trained  Nurses  Association. These  will  be 
found  on  page  62. 


Not  long  ago,  the  editor  had  an  oppor- 
tunity of  talking  with  the  staff  nurses  of 
the  Toronto  General  Hospital,  and  of  asking 
their  help  in  securing  originjal  and  stimulat- 
ing articles  dealing  with  clinical  nursing. 
That  very  evening,  a  committee  was;  formed 
with  Miss  Mary  Macfarland  as  chairman, 
and,  as  a  result,  we  proudly  present  an  ex- 
cellent article  on  nursing  in  chest  surgery, 
written  by  Emma  Jordison,  head  nurse  in 
one  of  the  surgical  wards  of  the  Toronto 
General  Hospital. 


As  we  anticipated.  Beatrice  Andrews"  ar- 
ticle on  nursing  service  in  small  hospitals 
has  stirred  up  a  lively  discussion.  In  this 
issue,  Gertrude  M.  Hall  defines,  in  masterly 
fashion,  the  educational  factors  which  are 
involved.  Comments,  in  support  of  Miss 
Andrews'   point  of  view,   will   appear  later. 


In  successive  issues.  Elizabeth  Lyster  will 
give  the  readers  of  the  Journal  the  pleasure 
of  sharing  an  adventurous  journey.  Miss 
Lyster  is  a  graduate  of  the  School  of  Nur- 
ses of  the  Royal  Victoria  Hospital,  Mon- 
treal, and  at  present  is  taking  courses  of- 
fered by  the  McGill  School  for  Graduate 
Nurses. 


In  tile  December  number,  and  under  the 
caption  of  "Finding  the  Time",  Gertrude  M. 
HaJl  sets  the  stage  for  a  time  study  of 
nursing  procedures.  She  now  offers  facts 
and  figures  which  are  worthy  of  close  at- 
tention and  should  be  carefully  checked  by 
ward  supervisors  and  head  nurses. 


In  the  first  issue  of  the  New  Year,  we  are 
vcr\  proud  to  present  the  first  of  the  Spe- 
cial Pages  sponsored  by  the  General  Nurs- 
ing Section  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Asso- 
ciation. For  the  pre.sent,  these  will  appear 
c;uarterly,  and  the  initial  Page  offers  the 
point  of  view  of  the  registrar,  presented  by 
Pearl  Brownell,  and  a  comment  from  a  pri- 
vate duty  nurse,  by  Helen  Jolly.  Miss  Brow- 
nell is  the  extremely  competent  registrar 
of  the  Doctors  and  Nurses  Directory,  in 
Winnipeg,  and  Miss  Jolly  is  a  highly  suc- 
cessful private  duty  nurse,  in  Regina,  Sas- 
katchewan. 


Under  the  auspices  of  the  Public  Health 
Section  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association, 
a  most  valuable  continuing  survey  is  being 
carried  on  regarding  the  qualifications  of 
nurses  engaged  in  various  branches  of  public 
health  service.  The  latest  findings  are  pre- 
sented byMargaret  Kerr  and  Lyle  Creeltnan, 
who  are,  respectively,  chairman  and  secre- 
tary of  the  Section. 


Tlie  most  valuable  members  of  any  hospi- 
tal staff  are  the  head  nurses,  and  Margaret 
Denniston  offers  a  sensitive  interpretation  af 
the  indispensable  contribution  they  make  to 
nursing  education.  Miss  Denniston  is  assis- 
tant superintendent  of  nurses  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  .\lberta  Hospital,  in  Edmonton. 
Helen  Brown  presents  some  practical  sugges- 
tions on  health  teaching  as  carried  on  in 
the  oldest  school  of  nursing  in  Canada.  Miss 
Brown  is  instructor  in  the  Mack  Training 
School  of  the  St.  Catharines  General  Hos- 
pital. 


Vol.  38.  No.   1 


AMCm 


is  recommended  for  the  relief  of 
pain  and  discomfort  due  to  headaches,  colds  and  nearalgia,  and 
is  of  value  in  relieving  pain  associated  with  functional  menstrual 
disturbances. 

Dosage:   1  or  2  tablets  with  water.  Repeat  if  necessary,  1   tablet 
in  3  hours. 


•  PROFESSIONAL  SAMPLES  ON  REQUEST      (   X 


THE      ANACIN      COMPANY      LIMITED 

WALKERVILLE,     ONTARIO 


n-L 


13 


.  .  .  The  advantages  of  a  highly  fortified  cod  hver  oil  at 
low  cost!  .  .  .  All  thriftily  yours  with  Abbott's  Vitamin- 
Fortified  Cod  Liver  Oil!  Abbott's  Vitamin-Fortified  Cod 
Liver  Oil  has  three  times  the  minimum  vitamins  A  and  D 
potency  required  for  cod  liver  oil,  U.S.P.— 3,000  Int. 
units  of  vitamin  A,  and  400  Int.  units  of  vitamin  D  per 
gram!  Abbott's  Vitamin-Fortified  Cod  Liver  Oil  is  a 
blend  of  fine  fish  liver  oils  with  viosterol  and  is  carefully 
standardized  for  vitamin  content  by  the  same  rigid 
methods  used  for  all  other  Abbott  vitamin  products — 
an  assurance  of  quality  that  ph>  sicians  in  your  hospital 
will  appreciate.  Why  not  order  a  12 -ounce  bottle  soon  .  . . 
now?  Supplied  in  4-ounce  and  12.ounce  bottles.  Abbott 
Laboratories  Limited,  20  Bates  Road,  Montreal. 


V-F 

COD  LIVER 

OIL 


14 


CANADIAN   NURSE 

A      MONTHLY      JOURNAL      FOR      THE      NURSES      OF       CANADA 
PUBLISHED      BY      THE      CANADIAN    NURSES     ASSOCIATION 


VOLUME  THIRTY-EIGHT 


NUMBER  ONE 


JANUARY,    1942 


19  4  2/ 

Faith  and  Courage 


To  all  members  of  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association,  at  home  and  over- 
seas, I  bring  my  personal  good  wishes 
as  well  as  those  of  the  Executive  and 
the  Staff.  Standing  on  the  threshold  of 
a  New  Year,  another  year  in  war  time 
and,  even  as  this  message  is  written, 
with  war-clouds  spreading  ever  further 
and  deeper,  it  is  no  easy  matter  to  say 
that  I  hope  this  year,  this  1942,  the  third 
year  of  hostilities,  can  hold  any  great 
measure  of  happiness  for  you  either  in- 
dividually or  as  an  Association.  Believe 
me,  dear  members,  my  prayers  go  out 
this  day  to  you  and  for  you.  You,  and 
we,  are  all  carrying  personal  anxieties  at 
this  time,  known  only  to  ourselves.  It  is 
that  you  may  have  faith  and  courage  for 
these  days  that  lie  ahead  that  I  now 
pray  and  also  that  you  may  retain  that 


happiness  that  is  the  outcome  of  satisfac- 
tion in  the  work  vou  are  now  doing. 

You  must  all  be  concerned  with  the 
part  that  our  Association  is  playing  in 
Canadian  affairs,  and  for  this  reason  one 
cannot  ring  down  the  curtain  on  1941 
without  bringing  forward  some  of  the 
accomplishments  of  that  historic  year, 
because  1941  did  make  history.  The 
vested  authority  granted  to  your  of- 
ficers has  been  guarded  carefully.  It  did 
make  it  possible  to  take  definite  action  as 
a  result  of  the  rapidly  changing  national 
picture.  Two  important  and  represen- 
tative Executive  meetings  were  held  in 
Montreal  and,  at  one,  for  the  first  time, 
the  Departments  of  Nursing  of  our 
Canadian  Universities  met  in  conference 
with,  and  at  the  invitation  of,  the  Cana- 
dian Nurses  Association  to  see  in  what 


JANUARY,  194? 


IS 


16 


THE    CANADIAN   NURSE 


way  they  could  help  in  meeting  the 
rather  extraordinary  situation  that  our 
profession  is  now  facing. 

As  a  result  of  the  recommendations 
that  this  group  presented  (and  also  for 
the  first  time)  the  Association  ap- 
proached the  Federal  Government  for 
financial  assistance.  The  occasion  of  this 
approach  was  an  interesting  one,  and 
those  present,  I  am  sure,  wished  that  you 
could  have  looked  in.  Our  delegates  sat 
around  a  table  in  the  large  board  room 
in  the  offices  of  the  Minister  of  Health. 
They  presented  a  Brief  which  would 
show  those  who  are  carrying  the  load 
of  the  Dominion's  responsibility  that 
Nursing,  as  a  national  service,  is  second 
only  to  the  Active  Forces,  and  that  its 
present  crisis  is  the  result  of  the  na- 
tional demands  being  made  of  it.  That 
Brief  is  now  before  the  Government 
for  consideration.  We  are  anxiously 
awaiting  the  outcome. 

Any  success  that  may  result  from  our 
appeal  is  due  in  no  small  part  to  the 
courtesy  of  the  Ministers  who  received 
us  and  who  listened  thoughtfully  and 
sympathetically  to  the  presentation  of 
our  urgent  needs.  They  were  the  Hon. 
Ian  Mackenzie,  Minister  of  Pensions 
and  National  Health,  and  the  Hon.  J. 
T.  Thorson,  Minister  of  National  War 
Services  and,  in  a  very  special  sense. 
Senator  Cairine  Wilson  who  introduced 
the  delegation.  As  a  result  of  her  great 
interest  and  understanding  of  Nursing 
and  its  relation  to  the  present  national 
situation,  the  way  was  made  very  easy 
for  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association 
members  to  present  their  problem.  The 
Brief  was  prepared  by  members  of  the 
committee  charged  with  the  responsi- 
bility of  approaching  the  Government. 
It  is  indeed  an  historic  document  and, 
while  the  -result  is  not  yet  known,  one 
thing  was  evident — the  grasp  of  the 
whole   picture   left   with    the    Ministers, 


and  also  their  realization  that  Nursing, 
as  one  of  the  major  health  services,  must 
be  given  due  consideration  in  dealing 
with  either  immediate  or  post-war  prob- 
lems. 

What  of  the  New  Year?  One  of  the 
primary  recommendations,  in  an  effort 
to  stabilize  Nursing  Service  throughout 
the  Dominion  and  make  us  the  more 
ready  to  accept  national  responsibility, 
was  the  appointment  of  an  Advisor  who 
would  make  personal  contacts  with  the 
Provincial  Associations  and  with  such 
bodies  within  the  provinces  as  might 
strengthen  provincial  effort.  This  ap- 
pointment has  been  made,  and  we  hope 
that  early  in  January  Miss  Kathleen 
Ellis,  B.Sc,  Professor  of  Nursing,  Uni- 
versity of  Saskatchewan,  will  assume  this 
interesting  office  with  its  vital  oppor- 
tunities. The  Provincial  Associations  will 
be  asked  to  make  similar  appointments 
in  an  effort  to  follow  up  and  correlate 
the  work  of  the  National  Advisor. 

This  year  also  sees  the  completion  of 
another  biennial  period  and  it  is  with 
great  interest  and  pride  that  we  plan  the 
1942  General  Meeting  to  be  held  in 
Montreal,  during  the  tercentenary  ce- 
lebrations of  the  arrival  of  Jeanne 
Mance,  the  Founder  of  Nursing  in  Can- 
ada. Great  demands  may  be  made  of 
us  during  1942,  but  I  know  we  will 
be  ready  to  accept  any  additional  re- 
sponsibilities, whether  national,  prov- 
incial, or  local. 

Our  prayers  go  out  for  the  safe- 
keeping of  our  Sisters  overseas  and  to 
every  member  of  the  Canadian  Nurses 
Association  goes  a  most  sincere  wish  for 
their  happiness  this  year — may  it  bring 
peace  and  understanding  to  the  peoples 
of  this  war-torn  world. 

Grace  M.  Fairley, 

President, 

Canadian  Nurses  Association. 


Vol.  38,  No.   I 


Nursing  in  Chest   Surgery 


Emma  Jordison 

Surgery  of  the  thorax  developed  pads.  The  tube  extends  from  inside  the 
much  later  than  that  of  most  other  parts  chest  wall  into  a  bottle,  partially  filled 
of  the  body.  With  better  and  increasing  with  1  percent  lysol,  hanging  two  feet 
knowledge  of  the  physiology  of  the  below  the  chest  level.  The  fluid  from 
chest  and  the  pathological  conditions  oc-  the  cavity  drains  under  the  solution,  and 
curring  with  the  cavity,  a  very  rapid  because  nothing  replaces  the  drainage, 
development  of  new  surgical  measures  negative  pressure  is  produced,  and  the 
has  taken  place,  especially  during  the  lung  is  gently  pulled  down  to  replace 
last  fifteen  years.  Many  people  suffering  the  fluid.  The  end  of  the  tube  must 
from    diseases    of    the    lung    and    other      never   be   exposed;    if  this  happens,   air 

rushes  into  the  cavity,  causing  pneumo- 
thorax and  shock  to  the  patient.  Serious 
bleeding  may  occur  from  vessels  in  the 
chest  wall,  or  from  lung  abscess.  If  med- 
ical aid  is  not  at  hand,  all  tubes  and 
packing  should  be  removed  and  the  cav- 
it\-  packed  with  dry  gauze.  This  will 
usually  control  the  bleeding;  the  pa- 
tient   should    then    be    placed    with    the 


structures  within  the  thorax,  are  now 
easily  and  sometimes  dramatically  cured. 
They  are  no  longer  doomed  to  years  of 
invalidism  or,  if  they  have  bronchiect- 
asis, social  ostracism. 

The  common  operations  of  the 
thorax  are:  rib  resection,  intercostal 
drainage,  thorocoplasty,  pulmonary  lob- 
ectomy, pneumonectomy,  and  removal 
of  tumour  from  the  thoracic  cavity.  Rib  head  low,  and  given  morphia  to  allay 
resection  or  intercostal  incision  are  used      restlessness  and  fear. 


in  drainage  of  empyema  and  lung 
abscess.  Patients  suffering  from  these 
conditions  are  usually  dehydrated  and 
toxic  so  that  fluids  are  administered  by 
intravenous;  in  severe  cases  an  indirect 
transfusion  of  blood  is  necessary.  The 
operation  is  usually  done  under  local 
anaesthesia  and  moderately  heavy  seda- 


If  the  patient  has  closed  drainage, 
care  must  be  taken  that  the  tube  does 
not  become  clamped  off.  When  this 
occurs,  and  the  patient  coughs,  pus  will 
be  forced  into  tissue  surrounding  the 
opening  and  the  virulent  organisms  pres- 
ent in  drainage  will  set  up  severe  chest 
wall    infection.    This    accident    may    be 


tive.  Two  types  of  drainage  are  used —  prevented  by  having  the  patient  lie  on 
open  and  closed.  In  open  drainage,  a  two  pillows  with  the  tube  passing  be- 
short  tube  or  packing  is  introduced  into  tween  them,  or  on  an  air  ring  with  the 
the  opening  to  insure  easy  escape  of  tube  running  through  the  centre.  The 
purulent  material.  The  tube  is  cut  off  tube  must  never  be  pinned  to  the  bed, 
at  the  level  of  the  skin  edges  and  kept  because  of  the  danger  of  the  tube  being 
in  place  by  inserting  a  safety  pin  through  pulled  out  by  sudden  movement.  Closed 
the  end  and,  with  strips  of  adhesive,  drainage  is  maintained  until  the  drainage 
securing  the  tube  to  the  chest  wall.  may  be  handled  by  dressing  and  the  cav- 
Closed  drainage  is  used  to  drain  large  ity  is  closing.  Little  sedative  is  required 
cavities  and  is  a  means  of  closing  the  if  drainage  tubes  are  properly  in  place, 
cavity  by  filling  it  with  lung  tissue;  it  Pain  is  usually  relieved  by  codeine  in  ap- 
is also  used  where  there  is  too  much  propn'ate  dosage, 
drainage    to    be    absorbed    by    dressing  Open   drainage   is  watched    for   signs 


JANUARY,  194Z 


17 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


Arrangement   of  dressings 


Drainage  into  bottle 


of  blocking  or  misplacement  of  the  tube. 
The  patient's  condition  quickly  changes 
when  this  occurs,  discomfort  increases 
and  pulse  and  temperature  rise.  The  re- 
placing of  tube  and  packing  is  done  by 
a  doctor  and  it  is  important  that  this  is 
done  quickly.  Openings  into  the  thorax 
close  rapidly  after  the  removal  of  tubes 
and  another  rib  resection  may  become 
necessary. 

Irrigations  are  done  rarely,  and  the 
initial  treatment  is  given  by,  or  under 
the  supervision  of,  a  doctor.  Care  must 
be  taken  because  of  the  possible  presence 
of  broncho-pleural  fistula.  The  patient 
is  placed  on  his  unaffected  side  while 
the  fluid  (usually  normal  saline)  is  in- 
troduced. Then  the  patient  is  turned 
and  encouraged  to  cough.  For  all  chest 
dressings,  a  deodorant  as  well  as  an 
antiseptic  solution  is  required.  Dressings 
on  the  chest  wall  are  difficult  to  keep 
in  place;  tapes  and  ties  arranged  trans- 
versely are  used  and  passing  tapes 
through  the  corners  of  pads  helps  con- 
siderably. When  packing  is  used,  sup- 
port is  needed  and  may  be  had  by  use 
of  scultetus  or  many-tailed  binders. 

The  usual  post-operative  nursing  care 
is  given  and  the  most  important  point 
is  the  maintaining  of  continuous  and 
adequate  drainage.  By  turning  the  pa- 
tient frequently,  having  him  cough  be- 
fore and  after  turning,  and  by  deep 
breathing,  the  bronchi  are  kept  free  of 
secretions.  This  also  causes  expansion  of 
the  lung,  assists  in  closing  the  cavity  and 
prevents  further  infection  of  the  lung. 
Elevation  of  the  foot  of  the  bed  may 
promote  bronchial  drainage.  This  is  es- 
pecially important  if  an  abscess  perfor- 
ates into  the  bronchi  or  bleeding  occurs. 

Patients  are  given  fluids  up  to  3000 
c.c.  daily.  The  diet  is  quickly  stepped  up 
to  high  vitamin  and  high  caloric  content 
to  improve  health  and  build  up  resistance 
to   further  infection.   A  long  period  of 


i« 


Vol.  38,  No.  1 


Continuous   postural  drainage 


hospitalization  is  usually  necessary  and 
steps  must  be  taken  to  keep  up  interests 
and  mental  health.  Occupational  therapy 
is  helpful;  patients  may  select  any  type 
of  handicraft  they  prefer  and  the  new 
knowledge  is  often  valuable  in  their  life 
after  leaving  hospital.  Adolescents  are 
given  carefully  supervised  school  work  if 
desired.  The  patients  are  allowed  up  as 
soon  as  possible,  and  quickly  regain  their 
strength,  their  sense  of  well-being  and 
their  appetite.  Iron  is  administered  in 
the  form  of  ferrous  sulphate  to  increase 
haemoglobin.  If  sunshine  is  not  available, 
ultra-violet  ray  is  given. 

Patients  tend  to  use  the  side  operated 
on  less  than  the  normal  side.  As  a  re- 
sult, this  shoulder  tends  to  drop  and,  if 
not  treated,  becomes  a  permanent  de- 
formity. This  is  overcome  by  specially 
supervised  deep  breathing  exercises  in 
which  the  patient  is  taught  the  use  of 
these  muscles.  Patients  are  rarely  allowed 
home  with  drains  in  the  chest,  and  then 
only  under  careful  supervision.  They 
are  asked  to  report  back  to  the  Clinic 
every  few  weeks.  It  is  important  that 
they  be  instructed  to  guard  against  re- 
spiratory infections,  and  whenever  they 
have  such  an  infection,  to  go  to  bed  and 
stay  there  until  they  are  well. 

Pulmonary  lobectomy  is  the  removal 


of  one  lobe  of  the  lung  and  is  most 
frequently  performed  for  bronchiectasis. 
Lobectomy  is  also  done  for  the  removal 
of  lung  abscess,  where  the  abscess  has 
become  walled  off  with  scar  tissue. 
When  one  of  the  branches  of  a  bronchus 
leading  to  a  lobe  becomes  stenosed,  due 
to  tuberculosis  infection,  the  bronchial 
drainage  is  interfered  with,  infection 
occurs  beyond  the  obstruction  and  the 
lobe  must  be  removed.  Cystic  disease  of 
the  lung  is  also  treated  by  removal  of 
the  lobe  affected.  When  a  patient  is  to 
have  a  lobectomy  performed,  a  consi- 
derable period  of  preparation  is  required. 
The  majority  of  these  people  are  in  poor 
physical  condition,  their  illness  has  been 
of  long  standing,  and  major  surgical 
intervention  is  advisable  only  after  their 
condition  has  improred.  Rest  in  bed, 
preferably  in  fresh  air  and  sunshine,  is 
essential.  Diet  should  have  high  caloric 
and  vitamin  content  and  should  include 
fluid  nourishment  between  meals.  Iron, 
in  the  form  of  ferrous  sulphate,  is  ad- 
ministered with  meals  to  increase  the 
haemoglobin  content  of  the  blood.  An 
attempt  is  made  during  this  period,  as  '\n 
the  whole  of  their  remaining  life,  to 
protect  them  from  respiratory  infec- 
tions. 

Patients    with    sputum    are     put    on 


JANUARY,  1942 


19 


20 


T  HE    C  A  N  A  1)  I  A  N   NURSE 


sputum  routine  and  nurses  are  taught 
to  regard  them  as  infectious  cases.  They 
must  learn  to  protect  others  by  using 
properly  the  cardboard  sputum  cups  in 
lidded  tin  containers,  and  by  discarding 
their  paper  mouth  wipes  into  large  paper 
bags.  These  sputum  containers  are  col- 
lected each  morning,  measured  visually, 
filled  with  sawdust,  parcelled  in  news- 
paper and  incinerated.  The  tin  con- 
tainers are  sterilized.  Sputum  is  watched 
carefully  and,  until  tuberculosis  has  been 
excluded,  rigid  isolation  technique  is 
followed.  A  specimen  of  all  sputum  is 
sent  frequently  for  laboratory  examin- 
ation. 

Continuous  postural  drainage  is  used 
where  purulent  sputum  is  coming  from 
the  lower  lobes.  The  patient  is  placed 
gradually  in  position  as  shown  in  the  ac- 
companying illustration.  The  casters  are 
removed  from  the  head  of  the  bed  and 
the  foot  of  the  bed  is  raised  from  18  to 
24  inches  by  means  of  the  insertion  of 
shock  pins  into  the  casters.  A  fracture 
board  is  placed  under  a  thin  hard  mat- 
tress, and  one  small  pillow  under  the 
head  but  never  beneath  the  shoulders. 
The  patient  is  encouraged  to  lie  on  the 
affected  side  or  prone  for  the  majority 
of  the  time.  This  treatment  makes  the 
patient  a  better  surgical  risk  by  im- 
proving the  general  condition  due  to 
lessened  absorption  of  toxic  materials. 
There  will  be  a  smaller  amount  of 
purulent  material  in  the  field  of  oper- 
ation and  less  danger  of  post-operative 
infection. 

To  localize  and  diagnose  disease,  a 
bronchoscopic  examination  is  done  and 
a  specimen  is  taken  of  any  tumour  for 
biopsy.  After  the  examination,  as  the 
larynx  is  anaesthetized,  there  is  danger 
that  any  fluid  taken  by  mouth  will  enter 
the  trachea;  therefore,  the  patient  is 
given   nothing  by  mouth  for  six  hours, 


then  sterile  water  for  fours  hours.  The 
patient  suffers  considerably  from  sore 
throat  following  this  procedure;  mineral 
oil  spray  and  warm  saline  gargle  relieve 
discomfort. 

During  the  preparation  period,  the 
mental  health  of  these  patients  is  good 
because  they  feel  that  at  last  something 
is  being  done  for  them.  They  are  en- 
couraged and  reassured  as  to  the  success 
of  their  treatment  and,  to,  gain  their 
essential  co-operation,  they  are  told  what 
is  going  to  be  done,  the  reasons,  and  the 
ways  in  which  they  may  help,  namely, 
coughing  frequently,  breathing  deeply, 
drinking  as  much  as  possible,  and  help- 
ing to  move  and  turn  themselves.  Im- 
portant, too,  is  the  final  attempt  to  clear 
the  lung  of  pus.  The  previous  evening, 
and  again  two  hours  before  the  oper- 
ation, the  patient  is  instructed  to  place 
the  head  and  shoulders  well  below  the 
level  of  the  body  and  to  cough  for 
twenty  minutes.  On  the  evening  before, 
shaving  is  done,  and  a  sound  sleep  as- 
sured by  means  of  sedative. 

The  operation  is  usually  posted  for 
eleven  o'clock.  This  allows  time  for 
cutdown  intravenous  of  normal  saline 
to  be  started,  preparatory  to  giving  of 
transfusion  following  operation,  and  for 
a  period  of  rest  and  drainage.  A  sedati- 
ve is  administered  to  prevent  fright 
and  to  ensure  a  more  satisfactory  an- 
aesthesia but  should  not  be  so  heavy  as 
to  suppress  cough  reflex.  The  usual  ar- 
rangements are  made  to  receive  the  pa- 
tient; an  oxygen  tent  is  set  up  and 
equipment  is  prepared  for  closed  drain- 
age. The  patient  requires  the  usual  post- 
operative care  and,  in  addition,  requires 
oxygen  therapy,  almost  routinely.  Even 
more  than  the  usual  attempt  should  be 
made  to  shield  him  from  respiratory  in- 
fections. 

It   is   essential   that   the   patient   have 


Vol.  38,  No.  1 


NURSING    IN    CHEST    SURGERY 


21 


constant  attention  for  at  least  fort)'- 
eights  hours  in  order  to  detect  and  pre- 
vent such  complications  as  haemorrhage, 
atelectasis,  pneumonia.  His  colour,  the 
character  of  his  pulse  and  the  nature  of 
the  drainage  are  noted  and  reported. 
The  first  sign  of  oxygen  lack  is  the 
increase  in  pulse  and  respiration  rate; 
there  may  be  great  need  for  oxygen 
therapy  without  cyanosis.  Shock  is  com- 
batted  by  raising  the  foot  of  the  bed,  the 
application  of  external  heat  and  normal 
saline  bv  intravenous  and  indirect  trans- 
fusion. Rapid,  shallow  respirations,  rapid 
pulse,  c^■anosis,  pain  and  elevation  of 
fever,  are  symptoms  of  atelectasis.  This 
is  the  result  of  blocking  of  the  bronchi 
by  thick  sticky  plug  of  mucus;  this  oc- 
curs chiefly  because  it  hurts  the  patient 
to  cough.  He  tends  to  take  shallow  re- 
spirations  and  tends  too,  to  lie  in  one 
position.  Expulsion  of  this  mucus  is 
aided  by  turning  the  patient  every  hour 
and  making  him  cough  forcefully  before 
and  after  turning.  Nurses  may  make 
coughing  more  forceful  and  less  painful 
by  applying  firm  pressure  over  the  oper- 
ative area.  Haemorrhage  is  treated  in 
the  manner  previously  discussed.  Pneu- 
monia may  be  caused  by  insufficient  use 
and  expansion  of  lung  and  poor  drainage 
of  mucus.  Coughing  and  turning  and 
deep  breathing  aid  in  drainage  and  ex- 
pulsion and  also  in  the  expansion  of  the 
lung. 

Where  there  is  considerable  bronchial 
secretion,  except  in  the  case  of  re- 
moval of  the  lower  lobe,  the  patient  may 
be  nursed  with  the  head  low.  In  the 
case  of  lower  lobe  lobectomy,  where  the 
lower  lobe  on  the  other  side  is  affected 
by  bronchiectatic  disease,  drainage  is 
most  important.  The  foot  of  the  bed  is 
elevated  48  inches  and  the  patient  is 
placed  on  the  operative  side;  he  may  be 
given  an  expectorant  mixture  and  is  en- 


couraged to  cough  for  twenty  minutes, 
the  bed  is  lowered,  and  he  is  given  a 
sedative;  this  should  be  done  twice 
daily.  Lobectomy  cases  always  have 
closed  drainage.  As  with  lung  abscesses 
and  empyema,  care  must  be  taken  to 
prevent  clamping  off  the  tube.  The  pa- 
tient is  kept  comfortable  with  morphine 
and  must  cough  before  any  sedative  is 
given.  As  morphine  is  a  respiratory  de- 
pressant, it  is  given  in  small  doses  and 
only  for  a  period  of  forty-eight  hours, 
after  which  codeia  is  given.  In  order  to 
get  the  patient  to  cough,  it  is  necessary 
to  give  him  enough  sedative  to  relieve 
most  of  his  pain.  Coughing  is  encouraged 
fifteen  minutes  after  the  sedative  is 
given. 

To  replace  fluid  lost  during  operation, 
up  to  3000  c.c.  is  given  by  intravenous 
during  the  first  twenty-four  hours,  at 
the  rate  of  150  c.c.  per  hour;  then  it  is 
given  by  mouth.  Excess  fluid  should  not 
be  given,  and  intravenous  should  be 
discontinued  as  soon  as  intake  by  mouth 
is  sufficient.  Diet  is  rapidly  stepped  up 
after  fifty-six  hours;  the  patient  usually 
will  tolerate  full  diet  after  seventy-two 
hours.  Fluids  to  2400  c.c.  daily  are  ne- 
cessary during  convalescence.  Retention 
of  urine  and  nausea  rarely  occur.  The 
patient  suffers  from  pain  referred  to  the 
upper  quadrant  of  the  abdomen,  and 
pain  due  to  injury  of  the  intercostal  ner- 
ves; this  may  be  relieved  by  heat. 

A  clear  picture  of  the  patient's  pro- 
gress and  treatment  may  be  had  from 
the  patient's  temperature  chart  if  this 
is  properly  kept.  Points  recorded  are: 
daily  output  of  sputum  and  its  character 
—  purulent,  muco-purulent,  blood  ting- 
ed, clear,  mucus;  the  amount  and 
character  of  drainage  from  closed  drain- 
age tubes  or  aspiration;  daily  fluid  out- 
put per  voiding;  daily  fluid  intake  by 
mouth,  intravenous,  transfusion;  dosage 


JANUARY,  194Z 


22 


r  H  I-:    C  A  NA  D  T  A  N   NURSE 


of  sulphanilimide  administered;  oxygen 
therapy;  date  of  removal  of  drainage 
tube.  The  most  common  complication 
is  empyema;  this  is  treated  by  rib  re- 
section and  drainage.  New  treatments 
are  being  tried  which  shorten  the  period 
of  convalescence.  Recently,  the  closed 
drainage  tube  which  formerly  remained 
in  at  least  six  weeks  has  been  removed 
in  three  to  four  days,  with  no  ill  effect. 
Convalescent  care  and  treatment  is  the 
same  as  for  rib  resection. 

Pneumonectomy  is  the  removal  of  a 
lung.  This  is  done  to  remove  tumours  of 
the  lung,  benign  tumours,  stenosis  of  the 
main  bronchi  causing  collapse  of  the 
whole  lung,  and  chronic  lung  abscess. 
It  has  been  found  that  bronchogenic 
carcinoma  occurs  as  often  as  carcinoma 
of  the  colon  and  rectum.  If  diagnosed 
sufficiently  early,  a  certain  number  of 
these  cases  can  be  cured  by  pneumonect- 
omy; just  how  many,  it  is  too  soon  to 
say.  The  preparation  of  the  patient  is  the 
same  as  for  lobectomy  with  these  addi- 
tions: just  before  operation,  an  attempt 
is  made  to  induce  artificial  pneumotho- 
rax, that  is  air  is  introduced  into  the 
chest  cavity  to  collapse  the  lung.  This 
breaks  down  minor  adhesions  and  lessens 
shock  post-operatively.  The  immediate 
pre-operative    preparation    is    similar    to 


preparation  for  lobectomy  but  there  is  a 
difference  in  preparing  to  receive  the 
patient.  An  oxygen  tent  is  set  up  but, 
since  there  is  no  drain  through  the  chest 
wall,  no  equipment  is  necessary  for 
closed  drainage.  A  chest  aspiration  tray 
is  placed  in  the  patient's  room  because 
fluid  and  air  may  collect  in  the  cavity, 
causing  pressure  on  the  mediastinum; 
this  gives  rise  to  respiratory  and  cardiac 
embarrassment  and  requires  immediate 
treatment. 

The  patient  rarely  has  as  much 
bronchial  secretion  as  a  lobectomy, 
so  that  postural  drainage  is  not 
usually  required.  The  post-operative 
course  is  usually  smoother  and  shorter, 
there  is  less  pain  and  discomfort  and 
fewer  complications  are  met  with.  Em- 
pyema and  mediastinitis  are  infrequent 
complications.  Patients  are  usually  al- 
lowed to  be  up  in  from  seven  to  nine 
days  and  care  during  convalescence 
corresponds  to  that  already  described. 
Those  who  have  had  pneumonectomy 
performed,  may  undertake  light  work 
and  lobectomies  can  tolerate  fairly  heavy 
labour.  Thanks  to  this  new  field  of 
surgery,  these  people  make  a  good  ad- 
justment and  are  able  to  share  the  life 
of  the  community  as  useful  citizens. 


A  Well  Merited  Recognition 


The  nurses  of  Canada  felt  very 
proud  when,  in  May,  1941,  it  was  an- 
nounced that  Miss  Elizabeth  Smellie, 
C.B.E.,  R.R.C.,  Matron-in-Chief  in 
Canada  of  the  R.C.A.M.C.  Nursing 
Service,  had  been  requested  by  the  mili- 
tary authorities  to  supervise  the  organ- 
ization of  the  Canadian  Women's  Army 
Corps.  It  stands  to  reason  that  the  wo- 
man chosen  for  such  a  difficult  task 
would  find  full  scope  for  a  capacity  for 
enlightened  leadership,  as  well  as  for  the 


exercise  of  unlimited  patience  and  tact. 
It  goes  without  saying  that  Miss  Smellie 
proved  herself  worthy  of  the  trust  re- 
posed in  her  and  no  one  will  be  surprised 
(though  everyone  will  be  pleased)  to 
hear  that  when  the^  task  of  organization 
was  successfully  completed,  most  cordial 
appreciation  of  her  services  was  expres- 
sed to  her  by  Colonel  the  Hon.  J.  L. 
Ralston  in  these  words:  "I  value  more 
than  I  can  ever  say  the  work  Matron 
Smellie    has    done    in    connection    with 

V«l.  »«,  No.  1 


NURSING    SERVICE    IN    SMALL    HOSPITALS 


23 


bringing  this  institution  to  the  point 
where  it  is  a  going  concern.  Matron 
Smellie  has  travelled  from  one  end  of 
Canada  to  the  other  making  a  prelim- 
inary survey  w^hich  has  been  invaluable 
and  we  are  looking  forward  to  a  con- 
tinuance of  her  suppf)rt".  Colonel  Ral- 
ston also  said  that,  while  he  was  keenly 
aware  that  the  job  had  not  been  an  easy 
one,  Miss  Smellie  had  done  it  so  well 
because  of  her  wide  experience  and  un- 
derstanding interest. 

The  direction  of  the  C.W.A.C.  has 


been  assumed  by  Mrs.  Joan  B.  Kennedy 
who  has  been  appointed  Officer  Admin- 
istering the  Canadian  Women's  Army 
Corps  with  the  title  of  Senior  Comman- 
der. Mrs.  Kennedy  has  been  staff  offi- 
cer for  Militar)'  District  No.  1 1  since 
August,  and  was  the  first  officer  ap- 
pointed to  the  Corps. 

The  further  progress  of  the  Corps 
will  be  watched  with  interest  by  the 
nursing  profession  which,  in  the  person 
of  one  of  its  most  distinguished  mem- 
bers,  had   the  honour  of  organizing  it. 


Nursing  Service  in  Small  Hospitals 

Gertrude  M.  Hall 


In  the  November  issue  of  The  Cana- 
dian Nurscy  may  be  found  an  article 
entitled,  "What  is  the  Small  Hospital 
to  Do.?"  in  which  some  interesting  and 
pertinent  questions  were  raised.  That 
the  small  hospital  is  necessary  to  the 
community  in  which  it  is  located  can 
hardly  be  denied  and,  in  many  ways,  its 
importance  is  out  of  proportion  to  its 
size.  Not  only  is  it  important  from  the 
standpoint  of  the  physician,  and  the 
patient,  but  it  dominates  the  thought 
and  action  of  the  community  in  regard 
to  nursing  and  nursing  education.  Al- 
most without  exception,  the  people  who 
control  these  hospitals  honestly  believe 
that  the  only  possible  way  to  care  for 
their  patients  is  by  means  of  a  school 
of  nursing  and  this  is  the  only  reason 
for  the  existence  of  the  school.  The 
cost  of  maintaining  a  graduate  staff  is 
usually  considered  prohibitive,  although 
in  most  instances  this  conviction  is  not 
supported  by  actual  facts  or  figures.  Un- 
fortunately, the  comparative  costs  of 
graduate  versus  student  personnel  have 
not   yet    been    sufficiently    analyzed    or 


studied  by  boards  of  directors  of  Hos- 
pitals. 

If  the  aim  of  the  nurse  in  service  is 
chiefly  to  make  the  patient  comfortable 
and  to  carry  out  the  doctor's  orders  in 
a  more  or  less  mechanical  fashion,  then 
obviously  the  aim  of  the  school  of 
nursing  should  be  to  train  students  to 
acquire  the  necessary  skills  and  bits  of 
information  that  will  enable  them  to  do 
these  things.  Not  a  few  schools  ap- 
parently believe  that  this  aim  is  all  suf- 
ficient, and  that  these  skills  can  be  im- 
parted, like  tricks  of  the  trade,  while  the 
student  nurse  is  providing  the  cheap 
labour  and  cheap  nursing  service  that 
enable  the  hospital  to  balance  its  finan- 
cial statement. 

In  order  to  offset  such  unsound 
theories,  it  is  the  responsibility  of  nurses 
and  nursing  organizations  to  enlighten 
the  public  as  to  the  proper  functions  of 
a  nurse  in  a  modern  community.  It  is 
because  of  the  increased  responsibilities 
that  nurses  are  being  expected  to  carry 
that  nursing  education  must  be  placed 
on  a  professional  level.     The  nurse  of 


JANUARY.  1942 


24 


THE    CANADIAN   NURSE 


to-day  must  be  able  to  give  expert  bed- 
side nursing  care  in  all  types  of  illness 
and,  if  we  pause  to  consider  the  implica- 
tions of  that  statement  alone,  we  must 
frankly  confess  that  many  schools  do  not 
afford  the  variety  of  experience  which 
is  necessary  if  we  are  to  insure  a  well 
balanced  education  in  all  the  major 
branches  of  nursing.  It  is  extremely 
doubtful  whether  a  hospital  having  less 
than  a  hundred  patients  per  day  can 
provide  a  sufficient  variety  of  clinical  ex- 
perience. Administrators  admit  that  the 
affiliations  that  are  now  necessary  add 
much  to  their  burden,  the  cost  to  the 
hospital  is  increased,  because  of  the  loss  of 
the  services  of  the  student,  and  a  larger 
number  of  students  or  added  graduate 
staff  is  required.  Repetition  of  lecture 
courses,  missed  by  the  student  while  she 
is  away  from  the  school,  increases  the 
load  on  the  teaching  staff  and,  in  addi- 
tion, there  are  travelling  expenses  and 
other  incidentals. 

When  we  consider  that  90  percent 
of  the  student's  time  is  spent  on  prac- 
tice on  the  wards,  there  can  be  no  ques- 
tion but  that  the  ward  is  the  strategic 
point  for  teaching  and  learning,  and  this 
means  that  qualified  clinical  teachers 
and  supervisors  must  be  available.  Can 
the  very  small  hospital  finance  this 
qualified  teaching  staff  and  provide  the 
equipment  necessary  for  a  good  teaching 
program?  The  statement  has  been 
made  that  the  small  hospital  cannot  even 
afford  an  instructor  and  that,  therefore, 
the  superintendent  of  nurses  must  un- 
dertake such  teaching  as  is  given.  Yet 
boards  of  directors  admit  quite  frankly 
that  the  superintendent  of  the  hospital 
is  frequently  superintendent  of  nurses, 
housekeeper  and  dietitian,  is  on  call  at 
night;  gives  the  anesthetics;  has  charge 
of  the  operating  room;  and  does  all  the 
teaching  except  that  done  by  the  doc- 
tors. In  not  a  few  hospitals  she  admits 
and   discharges  the   patient;    makes  out 


and  collects  the  bills;  supervises  the 
laundry;  does  the  buying;  sees  the 
patients'  friends;  answers  the  tele- 
phone ;  waits  on  the  doctors ;  looks  after 
the  records  and  the  bookkeeping;  scrubs 
for  major  operations  and  supervises  the 
students  in  the  operating  room.  During 
the  busy  morning  hours,  when  impor- 
tant treatments  must  be  given,  the 
students  work  day  after  day  with  little 
supervision.  The  superintendent  is  late 
for  luncheon;  telephone  numbers  have 
been  left  for  her;  the  janitor,  the  cook, 
the  laundress  are  all  waiting  to  consult 
her.  Three  o'clock  is  rapidly,  approach- 
ing when  the  harassed  woman  is  sup- 
posed to  teach  a  class  and,  as  soon  as 
possible,  she  must  give  a  test  in  meta- 
bolism or  take  an  x-ray  picture.  Your 
whole  heart  goes  out  to  her,  all  the 
more  because  she  often  does  not  realize 
her  limitations  and  may  have  had  no 
scrap  of  preparation  in  any  branch  of 
hospital  administration.  One  wonders 
sometimes  how  the  organization  hangs 
together.  It  would  not  do  so  if  it  were 
not  for  the  innate  goodness  and  helpful- 
ness of  human  beings. 

The  author  of  "What  is  the  small 
hospital  to  do?"  claims  that  the  student 
in  a  small  hospital  gets  a  sound  practical 
training.  This  is  a  debatable  point. 
The  perfecting  of  mechanical  skills  and 
activities  is  only  one  objective  and,  im- 
portant though  it  may  be,  it  is  not  suf- 
ficient. True,  anyone  may  administer 
prescribed  medication  without  knowing 
what  it  is,  what  it  is  given  for,  what  it 
may  be  expected  to  do,  and  what  un- 
favorable results  it  may  have;  but  not 
for  a  moment  should  we  tolerate  such 
blind  obedience  on  the  part  of  the 
student  nurse.  The  average  doctor  ex- 
pects the  nurse  to  observe  patients  close- 
ly and  to  report  any  change  in  their 
condition.  This  ability  to  observe  and 
interpret  means  the  exercise  of  balanced 
judgment  which  is  the   result  of  train- 


Vol.  38,  No.  1 


NURSING    SERVICE    IN    SMALL    HOSPITALS       25 


ing  and  experience.  Student  nurses  do 
not  acquire  this  ability  by  inspiration  or 
intuition,  they  must  be  well  taught,  well 
supervised  and  guided,  before  they  reach 
this  stage. 

That  graduate  nurses  sometimes  do 
not  enjoy  working  in  a  small  hospital 
where  they  are  faced  with  the  necessity 
of  doing  heavy  work  with  inadequate 
equipment,  long  hours  of  service  and 
disgracefully  low  wages,  seems  a  poor 
argument  for  expecting  students  to  ac- 
cept these  conditions.  Are  we  not  ex- 
pecting the  impossible  in  trying  to  es- 
tablish good  techniques,  leading  to  good 
standards  of  nursing  care,  when  the 
equipment  is  either  inadequate  or  entire- 
ly lacking?  It  is  useless  to  teach  the 
principles  of  bacteriology  when  steriliza- 
tion and  hand-washing  facilities  are  so 
inadequate  as  to  create  a  problem  every 
time  their  use  is  indicated.  A  student 
who  is  exhausted  from  long  hours  of 
service  is  not  likely  to  absorb  the  teach- 
ing which  is  given,  especially  when  the 
teachers  are  also  so  overworked  that 
little  time  could  be  given  to  the  prepara- 
tion or  presentation  of  the  material.  The 
lack  of  a  classroom  or  blackboard,  the 
students  sitting  around  the  dining  room 
table  in  a  dingy  room  in  the  basement, 
does  not  provide  a  stimulating  atmo- 
sphere and  one  questions  whether  the 
effort  of  teacher  or  student  is  justified. 

All  schools  of  nursing  have  a  further 
responsibility  to  the  students.  I  refer 
to  the  cultural  aspect  of  the  student's 
development.  That  the  hours  of  service 
should  be  such  as  to  allow  some  time 
for  study,  to  read  and  to  have  some 
social  life,  cannot  be  denied  by  any 
sane-thinking  person.  Library  facilities 
and  a  daily  newspaper  are  a  necessity  in 
any  school.  Opportunities  should  be 
provided  for  social  activities  where  social 
amenities  may  be  acquired  and  prac- 
ticed.     The     graduate     represents     her 


school  and  her  profession  and  must  be 
prepared  to  serve  in  all  types  of  homes 
and  among  all  classes  of  patients. 

In  the  end,  we  come  back  to  the 
point  from  which  we  started — the  need 
of  adequate  financial  support  of  hos- 
pitals that  they,  in  turn,  may  function 
for  their  primary  purpose  which  is  the 
care  of  the  sick,  the  nursing  service 
being  provided  for  in  the  hospital  budget. 
Those  who  hold  that  a  graduate  staff 
is  more  difficult  to  supervised,  less  stable 
and  so  on,  have  in  these  very  state- 
ments a  challenge  to  try  and  find  a 
solution  for  these  problems.  The  free- 
dom of  living  away  from  the  institution 
is  one  means,  an  eight-hour  day  and 
sufficient  salary  to  maintain  proper 
standards  of  living  are  others.  Contrary 
to  the  expressed  opinion  that  graduate 
nurses  will  not  serve  in  small  hospitals, 
we  find  that,  given  the  proper  condi- 
tions, there  are  many  who  are  ready  and 
willing  to  do  so.  During  the  last  few 
years  the  general  duty  nurse  has  be- 
come a  necessary  part  of  the  nursing 
personnel  and  has  proved  her  worth. 
Nevertheless,  routine  duties  must  of 
necessity  be  carried  by  her  and  routine 
does  become  monotonous  even  to  the 
most  conscientious  and  enthusiastic  per- 
son. It  is  for  this  very  reason  that  ad- 
ministrators have  sought  to  relieve  the 
general  duty  nurse  of  such  tasks  by  se- 
lecting and  preparing  women  who  are 
acceptable  as  subsidiary  workers.  These 
women  prefer  to  serve  in  an  institution 
where  they  enjoy  regular  hours  and 
good  working  and  living  conditions. 

The  kernel  of  the  problem  of  the 
small  school  seems  to  lie  within  the 
greater  problem  of  servicing  the  hos- 
pital, and  we  must  persuade  Hospital 
Boards  not  to  permit  their  own  financial 
ex.gencies  (which  should  be  taken  care 
of  elsewhere)  to  upset  the  principles  of 
sound  educational  practice. 


JANUARY,  1942 


Letters  from  Sweden 

Elizabeth  Lyster 


Author's  Note:  While  on  a  holiday 
in  New  York  City,  in  March  1940,  I 
learned  of  a  Field  Hospital  Unit  which 
was  being  formed  to  give  medical  and 
nursing  aid  to  Finland  in  the  war  which 
they  were  fighting  against  Russia  at 
that  time.  I  was  lucky  enough  to  be  ac- 
cepted as  a  member  of  this  Unit  and,  al- 
though the  war  had  come  to  an  end  be- 
fore we  sailed,  it  was  thought  that  we 
could  give  valuable  help  in  reconstruc- 
tion. Our  arrival  in  Sweden  preceded, 
by  two  days,  the  invasion  of  Norway  by 
the  Germans.  After  some  deliberation, 
it  was  thought  that,  well-equipped  as  we 
were,  we  could  do  more  valuable  work 
in  Norway,  it  being  then  impossible  to 
foresee  the  short  duration  of  this  phase 
of  the  war.  There  are  some  gaps  in  the 
general  picture  as  presented  in  these 
letters,  due  in  part  to  my  laziness  as  a 
letter  writer  and,  in  part,  to  difficulties 
and  hazards  in  postal  and  censorship 
services. 

When  a  desire  to  see  and  share  again 
the  things  which  go  to  make  up  life  in 
Canada  became  strong  within  me  I 
found  that  the  pathway  home  led  in 
one  direction  only  —  around  the  world ! 
After  four  months  of  waiting  and  dis- 
appointment, I  began  my  homeward 
journey  by  way  of  Russia  and,  after 
a  brief  visit  to  Japan,  crossed  the  Paci- 
fic Ocean  to  San  Francisco. 


On  hoard  shif 

March  2Sth,  1940 
Dear  M : 

No  sign  of  sea-sickness  yet,  but  the 
boat  is  very  steady  and  no  rough  wea- 
ther. It  is  snowing  a  little  this  morning, 
but  not  very  cold.  We  cast  off  our  last 
ties  with   North  America  at   five   min- 


utes to  midnight  and  most  of  us  stayed 
up  to  watch  the  lights  of  New  York 
finally  fade  away.  The  dim  outline  of 
the  Statue  of  Liberty  with  its  bright 
flare  of  light  held  aloft  saluted  us  silent- 


Afrinrd,  1940 


As  you  will  see  much  time  has  elapsed 
since  the  above  lines  were  written.  The 
excitement  just  now  is  whether  the 
"British"  will  get  us,  in  which  case  we 
shall  spend  from  seveji  to  nine  days  in 
Kirkwall.  The  second  day  out  we  had 
life-boat  drill  and  while  on  deck  passed 
an  American  destroyer  which  was  de- 
murely following  in  the  wake  of  a  large 
freighter.  Since  then  we  have  passed 
several  ships  at  night  showing  lights,  so 
undoubtedly  neutral.  We  have  (or  had) 
150  African  monkeys  on  board.  Yes- 
terday there  were  only  147,  and  I  have 
not  heard  whether  any  have  died  since. 
They  are  going  to  used  for  laboratory 
work  on  infantile  paralysis.  There  is 
also  a  whippet  which  belongs  to  the 
British  Minister  in  Stockholm  (form- 
erly in  Washington)  which  is  beine 
taken  over  to  join  his  master. 

Among  the  few  cabin  passengers, 
there  is  a  very  distinguished  professor, 
an  ophthalmologist;  and  a  direci"or  of  a 
museum  of  arts  :uid  handicrafts  in 
Gothenberg.  He  is  a  nephew  of  Dr 
Munthe,  the  author  of  "The  Story  of 
San  Michele"  and  is  returning  from  a 
lecture  tour  in  the  United  States. 


Stockholniy  Sweden 

AfrU  Uth,  1940 

So  much  has  happened  to  us  and  to 
the  world  since  I  last  wrote,  and  all  our 


26 


Vol.  J8,  No.   I 


L  E  T  '1^  E  R  S    FROM   SWEDEN 


27 


plans  have  been  in  a  state  of  upheaval. 
Today,  at  last,  it  has  been  decided  to 
send  us  to  Norway,  and  we  leave  early 
to-morrow — no  use  saying  where. 

We  stayed  overnight  in  Bergen,  then 
came  straight  through  to  Stockholm. 
The  journey  took  about  twenty-four 
hours  which  was  running  things  pretty 
close.  (Author's  Note:  The  Germans 
invaded  Norway  two  days  after  we  left 
Bergen).  There  are  millions  of  things 
to  say  but,  for  obvious  reasons,  I  shall 
say  none  of  them. 

This  is  a  nice  city,  built  on  islands,  so 
there  are  many  bridges.  There  are  al- 
ways ducks  and  gulls  on  the  water,  and 
many  small  parks  which  must  be  lovely 
in  the  spring  and  summer.  They  tell 
me  that  most  windows  have  flower 
boxes  in  summer  and  that  they  hang 
baskets  of  flowers  on  the  lamp  posts  — 
in  fact,  flowers  high  up,  low  down  and 
in  between.  The  street-cars  are  a  nice 
sky  blue,  and  usually  amble  along  in 
pairs;  the  buses  are  blue  or  red  or  yel- 
low, and  all  traffic  is  to  the  left  includ- 
ing revolving  doors.  They  have  fun 
sometimes,  I  think,  watching  us  trying 
to  push  them  the  wrong  way.  Everyone 
is  very  polite  and  helpful,  however. 

I  am  becoming  quite  a  "badstu"  ad- 
dict and  today  I  folowed  it  up  with  a 
Swedish  massage  and  a  45  minute  walk, 
which  was  unintentional  as  I  got  lost. 
A  "badstu"  is  a  pleasant  form  of  tor- 
ture. You  scrub  yourself  energetically 
with  a  sponge,  resembling  nothing  so 
much  as  a  handful  of  pale  shredded 
wheat,  or  a  brush  which  we  would  call 
a  floor  brush,  and  soap,  then  a  shower 
and  then  you  go  into  a  room  where  the 
thermometer  hovers  around  60  to  70  C. 
where  you  sit  or  lie  until  little  rivers 
start  flowing  over  you  from  all  direc- 
tions. Hardy  perennials  can  stand  this 
for  twenty  minutes.  After  this  you  have 
another  shower  or  a  swim  in  a  nice 
large  pool.  Today,  instead  of  the  swim, 


I  had  a  massage  —  more  torture.  Those 
girls'  fingers  are  hke  steel!  After  oil- 
ing, pounding,  slapping,  kneading,  she 
scrubbed  me  from  top  to  toe,  back  and 
front,  with  more  shredded  wheat,  put 
me  under  a  hot  and  cold  shower  and  led 
me  to  an  overgrown  bath  tub  where  I 
was  told  to  "immerse"  myself.  The  wa- 
ter was  15-C.  so  I  didn't  stay  in  long! 
You  all  seem  very  far  away  and  I 
wish  I  could  know  you  are  all  as  well 
as  T  am   (and  as  clean!) 


Ostersundy  Sweden 
Afril24th,  1940 
Dear  M: 

We  left  Stockholm  by  train  a  week 
ago,  and  arrived  at  a  place  called  Sarna. 
Our  transportation  is  in  charge  of  a  Nor- 
wegian Captain  who  is  on  his  way  back 
from  Finland.  At  Sarna  we  joined  for- 
ces with  a  Norwegian  woman  doctor, 
who  was  also  on  her  way  back  from 
Finland,  and  with  a  Fru  P.  who  did 
not  know  where  her  husband  was  (they 
are  Norwegians)  but  one  day  he  turned 
up  at  Sarna.  He  is  a  doctor  and  has  seen 
something  of  the  doings  in  Norway.    , 

On  Sunday  morning  we  were  up  at 
4.30  a.m.  after  a  few  hours  sleep  and 
on  the  road  at  6  a.m.  All  our  ambu- 
lances are  lost  (or  mislaid)  but  we  have 
acquired  one  ancient  four-door  sedan 
staff  car,  three  panel  trucks,  and  nine 
trucks.  At  four  in  the  afternoon  we 
made  our  first  real  stop  at  Los  for  a  real 
meal,  having  made  a  detour  of  some  250 
kilometers  faround  a  few  mountains. 
We  started  on  again  about  6.30  p.m. 
and  arrived  here  about  10  o'clock  the 
next  morning  —  yes,  going  all  night. 
They  fitted  up  the  panel  trucks  as  sleep- 
ers with  the  aid  of  trunks,  straw  sacks, 
and  sleeping  bags,  and  three  of  us  at  a 
time  took  turns  resting.  I,  coudn't  sleep, 
but  at  least  it  was  a  change  of  position 
and  warm.  There  is  still  plenty  of  snow 
around  but  the  roads  most  of  the  way 


JANUARY,  194Z 


28 


THE   CANADIAN  NURSE 


were  good,  especially  at  night  and  in  the 
early  morning  before  the  sun  got  at 
them.  For  economy's  sake  we  have 
moved  into  the  school  gym  here  and 
with  the  help  of  a  large  tarpaulin  and 
some  blankets  have  made  two  dormi- 
tories. The  Red  Cross  have  lent  us 
some  cots  and  blankets  and  we  filled 
"paillasses".  Because  I  am  a  possessor  of 
a  sleeping  bag,  I  am  on  the  floor  with 
a  straw  mattress.  I  slept  all  night  sound- 
ly and  am  told  I  snored  like  a  trooper. 
We  do  not  know  where  or  when  we  will 
be  on  our  way  again,  but  all  hope  it  will 
be  soon  and  down  to  work  with  a  ven- 
geance. As  you  can  imagine,  it  is  not  too 
easy  transporting  all  this  equipment. 

Hurrah,  we  have  just  been  told  we 
leave  at  3  p.m.,  in  less  than  an  hour. 
Must  fly  and  pack. 


Dear  M: 


Goddedey  Sweden 
Afr'd  26th,  1490 


Well,  we  are  living  in  a  country 
school-house  here  and  sleeping  on  small 
children's  beds  with  mattresses  stuffed 
with  wood  shavings  —  very  comfort- 
able, really.  We  arrived  about  2.30  on 
the  morning  of  the  25th  —  a  wonder- 
ful trip.  It,  didn't  get  dark  till  about  1 1 
p.m.  and  daylight  started  coming  back 
about  when  we  were  crawling  out  of  the 
trucks.  They  had  a  hot  meal  waiting  for 
us  —  imagine  eating  meat  and  vege- 
tables at  3.15  a.m.!  Then,  we  turned 
in  and  I  don't  think  I  moved  a  muscle. 

All  the  cars  have  red  crosses  painted 
on  them,  one  on  each  side  and  one  on 
top.  Also  most  of  them  have  tarpaulin 
covers  and  some  have  red  crosses  on 
these  covers  too,  and  now  today,  they 
are  busy  painting  smaller  canvasses  with 
more  crosses,  so  we  are  well  marked. 
We  cause  a  sensation  every  place  we 
stop  and  the  whole  town  turns  out  to 
stare. 


This  place  is  like  heaven.  It  is  heated 
and  we  have  i)oU  zvater  —  a  priceless 
and  very  scarce  thing  in  our  lives  these 
days.  We  have  all  been  busy  washing 
ourselves  and  our  clothes  and  the  place 
looks  like  a  laundry  with  every  radiator 
drajjed  with  long  woollen  undies,  socks, 
blouses,  and  pyjamas.  All  the  children 
have  been  sent  home  —  this  place  is 
right  on  the  border.  Of  course  — ! 

I  have  never  seen  so  many  trees  in 
all  my  life.  The  roads  are  cut  through 
forests  of  evergreens  for  miles  and  miles. 
The  trunks  of  the  trees  are  free  of  bran- 
ches almost  to  the  top — they  grow  very 
straight  and  the  bark  about  halfway  up 
is  a  golden  brown  colour.  Today,  and 
in  fact  almost  every  day  since  we 
landed,  has  been  gorgeous  —  sunshine, 
snow-covered  mountains,  the  breeze 
stirring  the  trees  a  little,  and  a  pale 
blue  clear  sky  stretching  up  and  above 
us  on  every  side.  Today  will  be  a  red 
letter  day  for  some  of  us,  for  mail  is 
expected  to  catch  up  with  us  this  after- 
noon. Unfortunately,  more  is  expected 
to-morrow  from  Stockholm,  and  we 
leave  here  to-night  —  over  the  moun- 
tains and  far  away.  I  hope  my  laundry 
will  be  dry  —  my  big  worry  at  the 
moment.  I  sat  in  some  red  paint  this 
morning  when  I  was  greasing  my  ski 
hoots  and  the  cleaning  fluid  only  made 
matters  worse.  I  am  not  only  faintly 
red,  but  white  in  the  rear  now. 


Grongy  Norway 
May  Sth,  1940 


Dear  M: 

Here  I  am  safe  and  well.  Is  is  rather 
hard  knowing  just  what  to  write.  I  am 
not  at  all  certain  that  anything  I  have 
written  you  has  arrived  and  T  have  not 
received  a  word  from  anyone  though 
I  know  there  must  be  quite  a  number  of 
letters  drifting  around  somewhere.  Most 
of  us  feel  it  is  rather  a  waste  of  paper. 


Vol.  38,  No.  1 


LETTERS    FROM    SWEDEN 


29 


since  the  chances  of  any  of  it  being  re- 
ceived are  1,000  to  1  against.  Since  we 
left  Sweden,  we  have  had  considerable 
excitement  one  way  or  another.  We  took 
twenty-four  hours  coming  about  66 
miles  up  over  a  mountain  range,  through 
snow-banks  which  were  12  to  15  feet 
high  in  one  place.  The  road  was  cut 
through  these  and  so  narrow  that  the 
trucks  were  often  being  dug  out  of  them. 
Roads  here  never  run  straight  for  more 
than  a  few  hundred  yards  at  any  point. 
It  was  a  lovely  day,  sunshiny  and  not 
too  cold.  I  spent  the  time  during  the 
many  stops  (while  they  were  digging 
out  the  trucks)  running  about  on  top 
of  the  snow-banks  and  got  quite  a  nice 
healthy  colour.  We  are  stationed  in  ano- 
ther school  and  are  using  the  hall  or 
gym  as  a  ward.  It  has  about  45  beds 
in  it.  Most  of  our  patients  are  lads  who 
were  in  a  bad  train  collision  and  now 
we  have  two  German  boys.  We  have 
stopped  paying  any  attention  to  aero- 
planes. One  of  the  first  days  here  we 
had  nine  "visits"  and  were  worn  out 
either  running  to  peep  out  of  doors  or 
windows  or  down  to  the  basement. 


G 


roug, 


orwa\ 


Dear  M: 


I  have  just  discovered  a  partly  writ- 
ten letter,  written  on  April  5  from  Ber- 
gen, in  Norway,  but  never  posted.  This 
omission  is  typical  of  me  but  perhaps 
excusable  under  the  circumstances.  I 
am  enclosing  it  because  it  gives  details 
of  that  evening  in  Bergen.  It  is  interest- 
ing to  speculate  that  those  freighters 
probably  disgorged  Germans  three  or 
four  days  later.  So  innocent  they  seemed 
that  day,  riding  at  anchor  at  the  door- 
step of  that  lovely  town.  And  here  is 
the  letter: 

Thursday  night  was  the  Captain's  dinner 
and  everyone  donned  fancy  caps.  Then  there 


was  dancing  and  about  midnight,  the  pilot 
boat  came  alongside  and  we  knew  that  we 
were  safe  (from  the  British!)  and  would 
be  in  Bergen  next  day.  Late  Thursday  after- 
noon, there  was  a  very  faint  marking  along 
the  port  horizon  which  the  deck  steward 
told  me  was  Norway.  Later,  there  were  the 
lights  of  a  small  town  and  many  light-buoys, 
and  at  4.30  a.m.  ever\^one  was  routed  out  of 
bed,  and  in  the  cold  early  morning  light  we 
gazed  at  rugged  cliffs  and  snow.  It  was  so 
lovely  and  wonderful  that  w-e  were  all  glad 
to  be  up,  tired  though  we  were  from  the 
night  before. 

I  stumbled  into  bed  and  slept  for  an  hour 
or  two  before  lunch,  and  at  about  3  p.m.  we 
anchored  outside  Bergen,  waiting  for  a  large 
Norwegian  freighter  to  finish  loading  and  let 
us  in  to  the  wharf.  Off  our  port  side,  strung 
out  in  a  line  were  five  freighters,  first  and 
farthest  out  was  a  dark  grey-black  Britisher, 
then  "Suomi",  then  a  Swedish,  then  a  Danish 
and  just  off  shore,  a  Norwegian.  Near  the 
shore,  were  two  cruising  yachts  and  off  our 
starboard  side  were  anywhere  from  twenty- 
five  to  thirty  freighters,  dotted  all  over  the 
inlet,  their  prows  all  headed  the  same  way  — 
out  —  waiting  for  the  word  "go". 

Bergen  rises,  layer  on  layer,  in  bright 
colours.  Nearly  all  the  houses  are  of  wood 
and  about  90  percent  of  it  was  burned  in 
1916.  It  has  been  re-built  and  has  grown 
since  then  to  a  city  of  about  100,000  people. 
We  finally  landed  about  5  p.m.,  had  our  pic- 
tures taken  for  the  umpteenth  time,  decided 
not  to  catch  the  night  train,  thank  goodness, 
and  went  to  a  very  nice  hotel.  The  taxis 
drive  like  mad  and  our  hearts  were  in  our 
mouths.  After  parking  our  belongings,  we 
took  the  funicular  railway  up  the  mountain, 
about  1.000  feet,  in  time  to  see  the  sunset 
over  the  fiord  and  our  ship  sail  away  to 
Gotheberg.  W't;  had  dinner  at  the  restaurant 
up  there  and  then  five  of  us  visited  a  Nor- 
wegian couple.  There  I  saw  my  first  tile 
stove  and  that  night,  for  the  first  time  too, 
I  slept  under  a  down  mattress  —  lovely. 
Perhaps  I  shall  be  able  to  bring  one  home 
with  me. 

{To  be  ccv tinned)  ■. 


JANUARY,  194Z 


Miss  Martin  Makes  a  Time  Study 

Gertrude  M.  Hall 


In  the  December  issue  of  the  Journal 
("Finding  the  Time",  p.  824),  the 
story  was  told  of  why  Miss  Martin, 
supervisor  of  a  busy  ward  in  a  six 
hundred  bed  hospital,  came  to  the  con- 
clusion that  nursing  procedures  must  be 
timed  if  we  are  ever  to  find  out  how 
many  nurses  it  takes  to  give  good 
care  to  a  given  number  of  patients. 
Although  she  had  suggested  that  a  time 
study  should  be  made,  she  was  a  little 
startled  when  Miss  Caley,  the  superin- 
tendent of  nurses,  relieved  her  from 
duty  so  that  she  could  make  it  herself. 
However,  with  the  enthusiastic  as- 
sistance of  the  graduate  nursing  staff, 
she  set  to  work  at  once. 

It  was  decided  that  the  study  should 
cover  a  period  of  three  months  and  that 
a  number  of  different  treatments  should 
he  timed  and  their  frequency  and  time 
of  occurrence  recorded.  Miss  Martin 
used  a  stop  watch  so  that  all  timings 
should  be  accurate.  The  constituent 
parts  of  the  timing  of  each  treatment 
included:  preparation  for  treatment; 
giving  treatment;  cleaning  up  after 
treatment;  charting  of  treatment.  A 
list  of  treatments  was  first  compiled, 
with  the  assistance  of  the  surgical  super- 
visor and  copies  of  this  were  distributed 
to  all  the  wards.  The  nurse-in-charge 
recorded  the  treatments  done  each  day 
and  returned  the  slips  to  the  training 
school  office  each  evening  with  her  day 
report.  In  addition,  the  time  of  day 
t-'ach  treatment  was  given  was  noted. 

Eleven  wards  were  visited  by  Miss 
Martin  in  her  capacity  a*s  observer  and 
timer.  These  included  8  public  wards 
(4  male,  3  female,  1  segregated);  3 
semi-private  wards  (2  male,  1  female). 
A    summary   of   the    special    treatments 


observed  by  her  during  a  period  of  three 

months  follows: 

Intravenous  infusion  :  total  number  of  in- 
travenous infusions  given  in  3  months — 1981. 
Total  number  timed — 92. 
.Average — 26  min.  09  sec. 
Minimum — 12  min.  43  sec. 
Maximum — 87  min.  45  sec. 

In  addition  to  the  time  spent  on  the 
wards,  it  was  estimated  by  the  night  nurse 
in  the  operating  room  that  she  spent  ap- 
proximately 15  minutes  preparing  each  flask 
of  solution  to  be  sterilized,  and  10  minutes 
preparing  each  intravenous  bundle.  This 
would  add  an  additional  25  minutes  nursing 
time. 

The  time  at  which  1981  intravenous  in- 
fusions were  given  was  noted  as  follows : 
20  from  1  a.m.  to  7  a.m.;  680  from  7  a.m. 
to  1  p.m.;  1098  from  1  p.m.  to  7  p.m.;  183 
from  7  p.m.  to  1  a.m.  By  far  the  greater 
number  were  given  when  the  wards  were 
not  well  staffed  because  the  students  were 
at  class.  Furthermore,  in  the  case  of 
patients  who  are  receiving  two  or  more  in- 
fusions per  day,  better  spacing  seems  in- 
dicated. The  reason  that  most  infusions 
were  given  in  the  afternoon  was  that  the 
internes  are  engaged  in  making  rounds  and 
assisting  in  the  operating  room  during  the 
morning  hours. 

Blood  transfusions :  total  number  of  blood 
transfusions  given  in   3   months — 147. 
Total  number  timed — 13. 
Average — 58  min.  26  sec. 
Minimum — 26  min.  21  sec. 
Maximum — 114  min.  30  sec. 

As  noted  under  the  caption  of  intravenous 
infusions,  an  additional  25  minutes  nursing 
time  is  spent  in  the  operating  room,  pre- 
paring solutions  and  bundles  for  each  trans- 
fusion. Also,  the  nurse-in-charge  often 
spends  considerable  time  arranging  for 
donors. 

Lumbar  punctjircs:  total  number  of  lum- 
bar punctures  done  in  3  months — 175. 
Total  number  timed — 32. 
Average — 41    min.    15  sec. 


30 


VoL  3».  No.  1 


MISS    M  A  R  T  I  N    MAKES    A    TIME    S  1^  U  D  Y 


M 


Minimum — 25    min.    53    sec. 
Maximum — 57  min.  01  sec. 

The  gloves  used  for  lumbar  punctures  are 
cleaned  and  prepared  for  sterilizing  when 
several  pairs  have  accumulated,  some  having 
been  used  for  other  purposes.  This  time 
was  not  included.  It  was  estimated  by  the 
supply  room  staff  that  8  to  10  minutes  is 
spent  on  each  lumbar  puncture  set  when 
returned  to  be  sterilized. 

Intramuscular     injections:     total     number 
given  in  3  months — 709. 
Total  number  timed — 5. 
Average — 8   min.   08  sec. 
Minimum — 6  min.  45  sec. 
Maximum — 11  min.  35  sec. 

Intrai'cnous      injections:      total      number 
given  in  2  months — 170. 
Total   number  timed — 2. 
Average — 8  min.   14  sec. 
Minimum — 7  min.  07  sec. 
Maximum — 9   min.   25    sec. 

Intramuscular  and  intravenous  mjections 
are  given  by  an  interne  who  in  some  in- 
stances prepares  the  medication  and  gives  it 
without  the  assistance  of  a  nurse.  In  the 
cases  timed,  the  nurse  prepared  the  injection 
and  went  to  the  bedside  with  the  doctor. 

Punch  operations:  total  number  performed 
in  3  months — 66. 

Total  number  timed — 39.    Nursing  time  es- 
timated for  the  first  twelve  hours  after 
operation : 
Average — 2  hrs.  21  min. 
Minimum — 28  min. 
Maximum — 6  hrs.  31  min. 

The  minimum  time  recorded  was  a  second 
stage    punch   with   very   little    resection. 

The  Elliott  tn-achine :  this  machine  is  used 
for  the  treatment  of  pelvic  infections,  salpin- 
gitis, or  metrorrhagia.  Each  patient  receives 
one  treatment  each  day,  a  complete  series 
being  16  treatments. 
Total  number  given  in  3  months — 36. 

Three  of  the  treatments  timed  were  dem- 
onstrated by  the  head  nurse  to  one  or  more 
students : 

Average — 60  min.   12  sec. 
Minimum — 52   min.   20   sec. 
Maximum — 67  min.  55  sec. 

Four  of  the  treatments  timed  were  done 
by  a  student,  supervised  by  the  head  nurse : 
Average — 39  min.  25  sec. 


Minimum — 19  min.  57  sec. 
Maximum — 26  min.  22  sec. 

Abdominal  perineal  resection: 
Dressing  of  posterior  incision :  total  number 
done  in  2  months — 302. 
Total  number  timed — 12. 
Average — 9   min.   17  sec. 
Minimum — 5  min.  25  sec. 
Maximum — 14   min.    50  sec. 
Irrigation  of  posterior  incision  :  total  number 
done  in  2  months — 93. 
Total  number  timed — 7. 
Average — 20  min.  21  sec. 
Minimum — 14  min.  19  sec. 
Maximum — 25   min.    25    sec. 

Cc'lostonty    dressings:    total    number    done 
in  2  months— 2077. 
Total  number  timed — 8. 
Average — 13  min.   11   sec. 
Minimum — 9  min.  30  sec. 
Maximum — 21  min.  20  sec. 

Colostomy  irrigations:   total  number  done 
in   2   months — 107. 
Total  number  timed — 11. 
Average — 28  min.  26  sec. 
Minimum — 11   min.   35   sec. 
Maximum — 43   min.   10  sec. 

Forced  fluids:    By  timing   the   routine  of 
forcing  fluids  on  the  urology  ward,  including 
the   time   spent   by   the   night   nurse,    it   was 
estimated    that    5    minutes    was    spent    daily 
on  each  patient.     As  all  28  patients  are  on 
forced    fluids    the    total    time    spent    would 
amount  to  2  hours  and  20  minutes  daily. 
Sterile  preparations :  total  number  timed — 4. 
Average — 63    min.   01    sec. 
Minimum — 47  min.  40  sec. 
Maximum — 80   min.    15   sec. 

Sterile  preparations  are  usually  done  be- 
tween 6  p.m.  and  7  p.m.,  by  the  day  staff 
and  the  help  of  a  second  nurse  is  often 
necessary. 

Duodenal  drainage ;  a  record  was  not  kept 
of  the  frequency  of  this  procedure,  but  from 
questioning  the  nurses  on  ten  wards  it  was 
estimated  that  8  had  occurred  in  3  months. 
The  one  procedure  timed  was  done  by  a 
graduate  nurse  and  took  3  hours  nursing 
time,   from  8.30  a.m.  to   11.30  a.m. 

Sigmoidscopic   examination    (done   on   the 
ward)  :  total  number  in  3  months — 6. 
Number  timed — 1. 
Time — 45   min. 


JANUARY,  1942 


32 


THE    CANADIAN   NURSE 


In  making  a  careful  analysis  of  the 
timing,  Miss  Martin  found  that  there 
was  sometimes  a  considerable  difference 
in  the  time  required  to  give  the  same 
treatment.  This  difference  was  traced 
to  a  variety  of  causes.  In  May,  the 
average  time  required  for  an  intravenous 
infusion  was  approximately  18  minutes, 
but  when  a  new  group  of  internes  took 
over  the  service  in  June,  the  time  re- 
quired rose  to  approximately  23  minutes. 
Demonstration,  by  a  supervisor,  of  an 
Elliott  treatment  took  60  minutes,  while 
supervised  adminis'"ration  took  40  minu- 
tes, and  an  unsupervised  administration 
took  only  1 7  minutes.  Miss  Martin  is 
more  convinced  than  ever  that  ward 
teaching  is  a  time-consuming  process. 
Much  time  was  lost  because  of  faulty 
and  insufficient  equipment.  Junior 
nurses  were  often  unfamiliar  with  the 
ward,  and  time  was  wasted  in  running 


to  and  fro  between  the  service  room  and 
the  bedside.  In  analyzing  the  nursing 
personnel  who  either  gave,  or  assisted 
the  doctor  in  giving  certain  difficult 
treatments,  Miss  Martin  was  dismayed 
to  find  that  student  nurses  seldom  got 
a  chance  either  to  observe  or  to  ac- 
quire skill.  Out  of  a  total  of  335  dif- 
ficult treatments,  245  were  given  by 
graduate  nurses.  The  total  number  of 
students  who  assisted  was  only  90,  and 
of  these  33  were  in  their  first  year,  41 
in  their  second  year,  and  16  in  their 
third  year. 

With  the  time  study  before  her.  Miss 
Martin  proceeded  to  draw  up  findings 
and  recommendations  for  submission  to 
the  superintendent  of  nurses  and  the 
next  issue  of  the  Journal  will  tell  you 
what  they   were. 

(To  be  continued) 


R.C.A.M.C.  Nursing  Sisters  on  Duty  in  Hong  Kong 


We  are  all  very  proud  that  Cana- 
dian troops  are  helping  to  defend  Hong 
Kong  and  that  two  members  of  the 
R.C.A.M.C.  Nursing  Service  have  also 
been  assigned  to  duty  iji  this  distant 
outpost  of  the  British  Commonwealth 
of  Na'^ions.  The  nurses  who  have  been 
given  this  honour  and  privilege  are 
Nursing  Sister  Anna  May  Waters,  for- 
merly of  Fort  Osborne  Military  Hos- 
pital, Winnipeg,  and  Nursing  Sister 
Kathleen  Georgina  Christie,  formerly 
of  Toronto  Military  Hospital.  We  want 
to  assure  them  that  we  are  confident 
that  they  will  give  a  good  account  of 
themselves  and  to  tell  them  that  we  shall 
all  keep  them  constantly  in  mind  as 
they  go  about  the  daily  task  which  in- 
volves so  great  a  risk  to  their  personal 
safety. 

Nursing  sisters,  as  well  as  doctors  and 


other  medical  personnel,  who  may  fall 
into  the  hands  of  the  enemy,  are  not 
regarded  as  prisoners  of  war.  They 
may  be  ret^ained  and  employed,  but  only 
in  technical  duties,  so  long  as  their  serv- 
ices are  required.  While  so  employed 
they  receive  the  same  pay,  rations,  and 
headquarters  as  do  the  corresponding 
ranks  of  the  enemy  in  whose  hands  they 
are.  They  must  be  returned  to  their 
own  side  as  soon  as  the  necessity  for 
their  retention  has  passed  or  when  the 
military  situation  permits. 

The  following  appointments  to  the 
R.C.A.M.C.  Nursing  Service  in  Canada 
have  recently  been  announced:  Miss  D. 
F.  Harris  as  Nursing  Sister-in-charge 
of  the  London  Military  Hospital;  Miss 
O.  H.  Munro  as  Nursing  Sister-in- 
charge  of  Fort  Osborne  Military  Hos- 
pital, Winnipeg. 


Vol.  38,  No.  1 


Notes  From  the  National  Office 

Contributed  by  JEAN  S.  WILSON, 
Executive  Secretary,  The  Canadian  Nurses  Association 


British  Civil  Nursing  Reserve 

The  High  Commissioner  for  the  Uni- 
ted Kingdom,  the  Hon.  Mr.  Malcohii 
Macdonald,  recently  made  enquiries 
from  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association 
as  to  the  possibility  of  recruiting  nurses 
who  would  be  willing  to  pay  their  own 
transportation  to  Britain.  Such  nurses 
would  be  referred  to  Civilian  Hospitals. 
The  need  of  relief  for  both  hospitals  and 
nurses  is  very  evident  to  Canadian  nur- 
ses, who,  up  till  the  present,  have  en- 
joyed normal  professional  working  con- 
ditions with  possibly  a  cojisciousness  of 
fairly  rapid  turnover  of  personnel  in 
certain  centres  of  the  Dominion.  At  an 
early  date  it  is  hoped  to  publish  further 
information  as  it  is  realized  this  exper- 
ience would  prove  intensely  interesting. 
Any  nurses  interested  in  this  very  wor- 
thy service  are  requested  to  communi- 
cate in  the  first  place  with  Miss  Jean  S. 
Wilson,  Executive  Secretary,  Canadian 
Nurses  Association,  1411  Crescent  St., 
Montreal. 


General  Meeting  1942 

When  the  Association  of  Registered 
Nurses  of  the  Province  of  Quebec  first 
extended  an  invitation  to  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association  to  meet  in  the  city 
of  Montreal  in  1942,  it  was  anticipated 
that  Montreal  would  be  celebrating  its 
tercentenary  and  that  the  twenty-first 
general  meeting  of  the  national  organiz- 


ation would  become  one  of  the  greatest 
in  the  history  of  the  Canadian  Nurses 
Association.  The  city  of  Montreal  has 
abandoned  its  plans  toward  making  the 
year  1942  one  of  historic  observation, 
but  the  Provincial  Association  of  Re- 
gistered Nurses  is  proceeding  with  ar- 
rangements for  a  national  meeting  to 
suit  war-time  conditions. 

The  arrangements  committee,  con- 
vened by  Miss  Mabel  K.  Holt,  with 
Mile  S.  Giroux  as  co-convener,  consists 
of  several  sub-committees,  as:  registra- 
tion and  information.  Miss  E.  F.  Upton, 
Mile  A.  Albert;  housing.  Miss  M. 
Moag,  Mile  M.  Roy;  accommodation 
for  Religious  Sisters,  Rev.  Sr.  Valerie; 
entertainment.  Miss  Ferguson,  Mile  E. 
Lynch;  University  Alumnae,  Miss  M. 
Mathewson,  Mile  A.  Martineau;  inter- 
preters, Mile  S.  Giroux  and  Mile  J. 
Trudel;  publicity.  Miss  M.  Batson,  Mile 
A.  Albert.  The  Windsor  Hotel,  which 
has  been  selected  as  convention  head- 
quarters, offers  excellent  accommodation 
in  every  way. 

The  Executive  Committee  of  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association  will  meet 
on  Friday  and  Saturday,  June  19th  and 
20th.  The  General  Meeting  will  open 
on  Monday,  June  22nd,  with  adjourn- 
ment on  Friday  evening,  June  26th. 
The  Executive  Committee  will  hold 
sessions  on  Saturday,  June  27th.  In  an 
early  issue,  details  of  the  programme 
that  is  being  planned  under  the  con- 
venership  of  the  President  will  be  an- 
nounced. 


JANUARY,  1942' 


33 


34 


THE   CANADIAN  NURSE 


A  Vital  Matter 

The  Canadian  Nurses  Association 
was  represented  by  Miss  Marion  Linde- 
burgh,  Second  Vice-President,  and  the 
Executive  Secretary  at  a  meeting  of 
women's  national  organizations  which 
was  held  in  Ottawa  on  December  15, 
1941.  The  meeting  was  called  by  the 
federal  authorities  for  the  purjxise  of 
imparting  information  and  soliciting  the 
active  participation  of  every  woman  in 
Canada  toward  helping  the  Government 
in  its  fight  against  inflation.  The  repre- 
sentatives of  eighteen  women's  national 
organizations  were  addressed  by  the 
Minister  of  Finance  and  by  the  Chair- 
man of  the  War  Time  Prices  and  Trade 
Board  and  received  detailed  instructions 
from  the  officers  of  the  Board  on  pro- 
posed methods  of  procedure  by  which 
women  in  their  daily  purchases  may  keep 
a  check  on  prices.  The  federal  authori- 
ties were  given  the  assurance  of  the 
support  of  each  member  of  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association  in  their  plan  for  a 
nation-wide  fight  against  inflation. 


British  Nurses  Relief  Fund 

The  generous  appreciation  of  the 
nurses  of  Britain  to  the  financial  as- 
sistance from  Canadian  nurses  produces 
a  sense  of  embarrassment  to  the  latter 
as  they  think  of  the  circumstances  under 
which  the  former  are  carrying  on.  How- 
ever, we  are  pleased  to  quote  from  a 
letter  by  the  secretary  of  the  Royal 
College  of  Nursing  in  which  she  states: 

I  do  wish  that  you,  or  other  representatives 
of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association,  could 
be  present  at  the  College  when  news  of  the 
generous  gifts  arrive  here.  In  this  way  only, 
I  think,  could  you  really  appreciate  the  real 
feeling  of  gratitude  and  encouragement 
which  this  assurance  of  your  interest  and 
support   brings   to   us. 


Then,  too,  the  following  letter  brings 
an  intimate  realization  of  the  dangerous 
experiences  that  are  being  met  so  cour- 
ageously by  the  nurses  of  Britain.  Cana- 
dian nurses  are  so  thankful  that  their 
financial  help  is  available  for  such 
nurses  as  the  writer  of  this  letter: 

I  wish  to  send  a  truly  sincere  'thank  you' 
to  your  Canadian  Nurses  Fund  which  gave 
me  a  very  generous  cheque.  It  came,  too, 
at  such  a  needed  moment.  I  had  just  re- 
turned to  this  country  and  whilst  things 
were  being  straightened  out  for  me,  I  was 
just  marking  time  with,  I  may  say,  a  much 
lighter  step  and  heart  after  your  timely  help 
arrived. 

Perhaps  I  should  explain  that  I  was  one 
of  the  nurses  engaged  taking  British  child- 
ren out  to  safety  in  Australia.  We  left  home 
on  August  19  and  safely  landed  our  five 
hundred  kiddies  in  Perth,  Melbourne,  Syd- 
ney. The  first  available  passage  home  was 
via  New  Zealand  and  nineteen  nurses  and 
escorts  took  it.  We  left  Auckland  on  the 
Rangitane  on  November  24th  and  on  the 
27th  were  attacked  by  three  German  raiders, 
disguised  as  Japanese.  Possibly  you  may 
have  read  how  they  took  us  on  a  month's 
Pacific  cruise,  sank  five  more  ships,  landed 
five  hundred  of  us  on  a  South  Sea  Island 
from  which  we  were  rescued  and  taken  back 
to  Australia. 

Luckily  three  nurses,  myself  included, 
were  uninjured  and  so  were  able  to  nurse 
our  wounded  folks  and  those  from  the 
other  ships,  possibly  about  fifty.  Two  of 
our  nursing  sisters  were  badly  injured,  one 
had  to  have  her  right  arm  amputated,  and 
six  of  the  escorts  were  killed.  But  the 
German  doctor  was  most  thorough  in  his 
care  of  everyone  and  they  were  well  on  the 
way  to  recovery  when  we  landed  on  the 
Island. 

We  met  with  wonderful  hospitality  in 
Australia  whilst  awaiting  return  and  it  is 
marvellous  to  find  such  practical  help  await- 
ing   me   here    from    Canada. 

Contributions  to  the  British  Nurses 
Relief  Fund  have  been  received  from: 


Vol.  38,  No.  1 


NATIONAL  OFFICE 


Alberta: 

Alberta    Association    of    Registered 

Nurses 

British  Columbia: 

Alberni  Chapter.  Registered  Nurses 
Association  of  British  Colum- 
bia 

South  Okanagan  Graduate  Nurses 
Association 

Vancouver  Graduate  Nurses  As- 
sociation 

New  Brunswick: 

Bath   Hospital,   Bath 

General  Nursing  Section  and  in- 
dividual contributions.  Saint 
John 

Lancaster  Military  Hospital,  Saint 
John 

Moncton  Chapter.  New  Brunswick 
Association  of  Registered  Nurses 

Provincial   Hospital.    Saint  John 

Saint  John  Tuberculosis  Hospital 

St.  Joseph's  Hospital.  Saint  John 

Saint  John  General  Hospital 

Saint  John  Public  Health  Section 

Nova  Scotia: 

A.A..  Aberdeen  Hospital.  New 
Glasgow 

A. A.,  Halifax  Group,  Royal  Vic- 
toria Hospital,    Montreal 

Aldershot  Camp  Military  Nurses 

Antigonish  -  Guysborough-Inverness 
&  Richmond  Branch,  Registered 
Nurses  Association  of  Nova 
Scotia 

Cape  Breton  &  Victoria  Branch, 
Registered  Nurses  Association 
of   Nova   Scotia 

Colchester  Co.  Branch,  Registered 
Nurses  Association  of  Nova 
Scotia 

Halifax  Branch,  Registered  Nurses 
Association    of    Nova    Scotia 

Lunenburg   County    Branch,    Regis- 
tered   Nurses    Association    of 
Nova  Scotia 

Quebec: 

Association  of  R-egistered  Nurses  of 
the   Province  of  Quebec 

Saskatchewan: 

A. A.,      Queen      Victoria     Hospital, 

Yorkton 
Graduates     and      Student     Nurses, 


$320.00 

40.00 

6.00 

157.60 

10.00 

88.00 

14.00 

72.25 
19.77 
32.00 
6.00 
95.50 
38.50 

24.00 

15.75 
1.50 

4.00 

6.58 

20.50 
15.25 

5.00 

1000.00 

10.00 


35 

Moose   Jaw   General    Hospital  24.00 

Individual  contributions  10.00 

Moose  Jaw  Graduate  Nurses  As- 
sociation 25.00 

Nurses  of  Victoria  Hospital,  Prince 

Albert  7.50 

Student     Nurses,     Regina     General 

Hospital  15.00 

Student  Nurses  Club,  Saskatoon  City 

Hospital  25.00 

Student  Nurses,  Holy  Family  Hos- 
pital and  Catholic  Graduate 
Nurses  Association,  Prince  Albert    13.50 

Nursing     staff,     Shaunavon     Union 

Hospital  14.00 

School  of  Nursing,  St.  Paul's  Hos- 
pital,  Saskatoon  25.00 

Yorkton  Nurses  Voluntary  Service         24.82 

Ontario: 

Districts  2  and  3 : 

A.A..      Lord      Dufferin      Hospital, 

Orangeville  10.00 

Listowel   nurses  12.00 

Nurses   of    Districts   2   and   3  20.00 

Florence  Nightingale  Club,  Brant- 
ford  90.00 

Walkerton   nurses  50.00 

District  4: 

Welland  nurses  20.00 

District  5 : 

Matron  and  Nursing  Sisters: 

Toronto  Military  Hospital  24.50 

Chorley  Park  Military  Hospital      36.00 
Camp  Borden  Military  Hospital       26.27 

Staff     nurses,     Toronto     Hospital, 

Weston  15.00 

St.  Elizabeth  Visiting  Nurses  As- 
sociation 246.08 

Victorian  Order  of  Nurses,  Toronto       16.76 

A.A.,   Toronto   General    Hospital  150.00 

A. A.,  Ontario  Hospital,  New  To- 
ronto 90.50 

A. A.,  St.  Joseph's  Hospital,  To- 
ronto 100.00 

Interschool  Student  Nurses  As- 
sociation,  Toronto  20.00 

District  7: 

A. A.,  Kingston  General  Hospital  31.00 

Nurses  of  Smiths  Falls  6.50 

District  8: 

Nurses  of  District  8  150.00 

District   9: 

Kirkland  Lake  nurses  4.25 


JANUARY,  194Z 


HOSPITALS   &    SCHOOLS    of  NURSING 


Contributed   by   the   Hospital    and   School   of   Nursing   Section   of   the   C.    N.    A. 

The  Head  Nurse's  Share  in  Ward  Teaching 

Margaret  J.  Denniston 


We  define  nursing  as  an  art  based 
upon  scientific  principles;  the  art  refers 
to  the  nursing  skills  and  techniques 
through  which  the  spirit  and  under- 
standing of  nursing  is  expressed;  the 
science  refers  to  the  application  of  scien- 
tific facts  in  planning  and  carrying  out 
the  nursing  care.  The  principles  under- 
lying nursing  care  are  drawn  from  the 
sciences  of  anatomy,  physiology,  bacte- 
riology, chemistry,  physics,  psychology 
and  sociology.  These  principles  are  ap- 
plied in  the  ward,  under  the  supervision 
and  guidance  of  the  head  nurse.  Here 
we  have  life  situations,  and  practice  is 
theory  carried  into  effect. 

The  head  nurse's  responsibilities  are 
legion,  but  I  know  of  no  other  position 
in  the  nursing  world  which  offers 
greater  satisfaction.  Yet  how  is  she 
to  find  time  to  teach  and  supervise? 
She  can  do  a  great  deal  by  the  incidental 
method,  and  the  patient  will  receive 
better  nursing  care  from  a  student  who 
is  well  taught  and  supervised.  The  head 
nurse  should  have  a  well  staffed  unit, 
approximately  not  more  than  four  pa- 
tients for  one  nurse,  depending  on  the 
activity  of  the  service.  If  she  has  an 
assistant  and  general  duty  nurses  as 
part  of  her  staff,  they  should  assume 
certain  teaching  responsibilities  and 
should  be  able  to  guide  and  help  with 


the  more  complicated  and  difficult  pro- 
cedures, especially  those  in  connection 
with  extremely  ill  patients.  No  inex- 
perienced student  should  be  allowed  to 
care   for  a  very  ill  patient  alone. 

When  a  new  student  arrives,  she 
should  come  with  the  idea  of  gaining 
a  certain  amount  of  experience  in  a 
given  time.  The  head  nurse  should 
know  when  to  expect  her,  and  should 
have  a  report  of  her  strength,  as  well 
as  her  weakness,  and  of  the  amount  of 
experience  she  has  had.  Her  clinical 
experience  should  be  planned  in  relation 
to  her  need  and  capacity,  making  use 
of  "the  law  of  readiness".  Therefore, 
the  clinical  program  will  vary  for  each 
student.  If  the  patient  assignment 
method  is  used,  the  head  nurse  should 
introduce  the  student  to  her  patients, 
and  give  details  regarding  nursing  care, 
treatment,  diagnosis,  prognosis,  social 
background,  difficulties  and  problems.  I 
found  it  a  great  help  to  edit  a  small 
book,  with  the  title  "Do  and  Do  Not," 
peculiar  to  the  particular  service  con- 
cerned. Each  student  was  asked  to  read 
it,  and  it  helped  her  to  adjust  to  her 
new  environment  quickly  and  smoothed 
the  path  for  both  of  us. 

Let  the  student  know  that  slovenly 
indifferent  work  has  no  place  in  your 
department,  and  assure  her  that  the  op- 


36 


Vol.  38.  No.  1 


HEAD    NURSE'S   SHARE    IN   WARD    TEACHING     37 


posite  will  be  evaluated  on  the  credit 
side.  She  should  be  shown  where  equip- 
ment is  kept,  including  emergency  equip- 
ment and  how  to  use  it.  If  the  ef- 
ficiency method  is  used,  the  student 
must  be  made  familiar  immediately  with 
the  patients  with  whom  she  is  to  be 
in  contact.  One  must  endeavour  to 
develop  the  powers  of  observation,  for 
they  do  not  grow  overnight.  First  train 
the  student  to  have  an  eye  for  her  en- 
vironment and  the  orderliness  and  neat- 
ness of  the  ward.  Recall  her  knowl- 
edge of  bacteriology  in  relation  to  dust 
and  flies.  Temperature  sense  should  also 
be  developed,  especially  with  regard  to 
proper  ventilation;  a  ward  thermometer 
and  a  large  chart  on  which  to  record 
the  four-hourly  temperature  for  one 
month  is  a  great  help. 

With  regard  to  the  patient,  teach 
when  and  how  to  look  for  a  lead  line 
or  a  slight  icteroid  tint  on  the  conjunc- 
tiva. She  should  become  familiar  with 
the  pallor  and  restlessness  associated  with 
in'^ernal  haemorrhage;  the  expression  of 
pain,  fear,  worry,  anger;  the  early  ap- 
pearance of  cyanosis  on  the  ears  and  fin- 
ger tips;  and  the  grey  drawn,  pinched 
features  of  impending  death.  Accurate 
observation  of  excreta  is  important. 
Teach  her  to  associate  a  cough  with 
sputum  and  a  receptacle  in  which  to 
receive  it;  draw  her  attention  to  the 
typical  rusty  sputum  in  pneumonia  and 
the  cranberry  jelly  type  in  pulmonary 
infarct;  also  the  various  types  of  stool, 
urine  and  discharges.  Teach  her,  by  the 
"law  of  exercise",  to  describe  and  rec- 
ord such  observations  accurately  and  to 
express  them  comprehensively. 

The  ears  should  be  attuned  for 
sounds,  the  typical  goose  cough  in  aortic 
aneurysm,  stridor  in  laryngeal  obstruc- 
tion, the  typical  cry  in  meningitis,  and 
the  sudden  change  from  stertorous  to 
Cheyne  Stokes  respiration.  She  must 
also    learn    to    enter    rooms    and    move 


around  patients  quietly  (the  latter  does 
not  come  naturally  as  a  rule).  The 
sense  of  touch  should  also  be  developed, 
especially  with  regard  to  the  taking  of 
the  pulse,  the  cold  clammy  skin  in  shock 
and  haemorrhage,  the  hot  dry  skin  ac- 
companied with  high  fever,  and  the  soft 
velvety  skin  associated  with  chronic  al- 
coholism. The  sense  of  smell  should 
also  be  trained  in  connection  with  plaster 
casts,  diabetics,  and  unconscious  patients. 
The  importance  of  accuracy  and 
punctuality  should  be  stressed  with  re- 
gard to  any  form  of  treatment,  especially 
in  the  administration  of  drugs,  and  she 
should  be  taught  to  apply  her  knowledge 
of  their  action.  It  is  surprising  how 
many  obvious  signs  of  untoward  symp- 
toms may  pass  unnoticed  unless  they  are 
pointed  out  to  her,  even  though  she  has 
been  taught  in  the  classroom.  Impress 
on  her  the  importance  of  loss  of  appetite 
as  an  early  sign  of  digitalization  and  the 
importance  of  counting  the  pulse  before 
administration  of  the  drug.  Teach  her 
to  be  drug  conscious,  and  to  associate 
untoward  signs  and  symptoms  of  any 
kind  with  the  prescribed  drug,  and  the 
period  of  administration. 

In  surgical  wards,  I  found  it  a  good 
plan  to  undertake  the  dressing  of  all 
wounds  within  the  province  of  the  nurse 
at  least  once  a  week,  and  two  or  three 
students  and  myself  formed  a  team. 
One  carried  screens,  prepared  the  pa- 
tient, closed  windows,  and  removed  the 
bandage;  the  second  prepared  the  field, 
handed  forceps,  dressings  and  antisep- 
tics; the  third  prepared  irrigations,  boiled 
instruments,  and  applied  bandages. 
From  time  to  time  I  asked  each  student 
to  change  order,  and  to  do  at  least  one 
dressing  before  the  round  was  over.  In 
this  way,  one  can  do  a  lot  of  teaching 
and  supervision  while  the  work  is  being 
accomplished.  Students  are  usually  ap- 
preciative of  and  intensely  interested  in 
this   program,   and     working    with    the 


JANUARY,  1942r 


38 


THE    CANADIAN  NURSE 


student  gives  a  greater  opportunity  of 
evaluating  her  work.  Similarly,  one 
should  demonstrate  catheterization  and 
the  care  of  patients  with  incontinence, 
not  omitting  the  psychological  approach 
in  making  the  patient  mentally  at  ease. 
Likewise,  demonstrate  the  procedure  of 
placing  a  helpless  patient  on  the  bedpan, 
with  the  necessary  hygiene  afterwards. 
Too  often  this  is  poorly  done,  either 
through  ignorance  or  indifference.  The 
procedure  of  giving  an  extremely  ill  pa- 
tient an  enema  can  only  be  taught  h\ 
demonstration  by  an  expert,  yet  it  is 
often  classified  as  a  very  simple  proce- 
dure, which  can  be  taught  on  a  clay 
model.  Demonstrate  the  care  of  the 
oxygen  tent,  and  of  the  patient  in  it, 
also  the  cleansing  of  a  dirty  mouth,  and 
the  care  of  patients  who,  through  force 
of  circumstances,  are  both  dirty,  and 
verminous  on  admission.  Do  not  omit 
to  remind  students  that  in  certain  cases 
such  as  coronary  thrombosis  and  gastric 
or  pulmonary  haemorrhage,  it  may  be 
dangerous  even  to  undress  the  patient 
for  several  hours,  and  therefore  the  pro- 
cedure will  have  to  be  done  gradually, 
and  under  the  direction  of  the  physician. 
At  least  once  a  week,  one  should 
take  the  student  nurses  in  the  depart- 
ment around  the  ward,  very  informally 
and  without  warning.  They  should  be 
questioned  regarding  medication,  treat- 
ments, nursing  care,  laboratory  tests, 
diagnosis  and  prognosis.  It  is  a  good 
plan  for  students  to  be  present  during 
medical  rounds,  so  that  they  will  develop 
an  appreciation  of  their  work  in  relation 


to  medical  practice  and  feel  a  sense  of 
shame  if  the  patients'  hygiene  is  not  up 
to  par,  or  if  a  treatment  has  been  omit- 
ted. They  should  also  learn  how  to 
prepare  the  patient,  and  the  use  of 
various  instruments  for  medical  and 
neurological  examinations,  and  become 
familiar  with  new  terms.  The  senior 
house  doctor  should  be  asked  to  discuss 
the  medical  angle  and  to  interpret  the 
various  laboratory  tests  and  therapeutic 
treatment. 

A  small  clinical  laboratory  for  the  use 
of  internes  also  facilitates  the  teaching 
program  for  student  nurses.  Another 
room  should  be  set  aside  for  both  medi- 
cal and  nursing  bedside  clinics  and 
should  contain  a  library  shelf  upon 
which  should  be  found  a  good  medical 
dictionary,  so  that  we  may  eliminate 
errors  in  spelling,  not  only  from  ward 
reports,  but  on  permanent  records.  A 
good  anatomy  and  physiology  textbook 
is  useful  and  other  reference  books  may 
be  added,  depending  on  the  service.  The 
procedure  book  and  the  ward  manual 
should  be  kept  in  the  ward  for  im- 
mediate reference. 

If  there  is  an  alert  and  exacting  medi- 
cal chief  in  charge  who  will  not  suffer 
fools  gladly  and  who  is  equally  interested 
in  the  welfare  of  patients,  the  education 
of  medical  students,  student  nurses,  and 
the  activities  of  research  workers,  then 
one  has  the  ideal  situation  wherein  to 
work.  Here  one  will  find  that  loyalty 
and  co-operation  between  the  medical 
and  nursing  staff  which  is  so  essential 
to  the  welfare  of  the  patient. 


Obituaries 


Mrs.  Gordon  Howden  (Alice 
Trumble)  died  recently  in  Vancouver, 
British   Columbia.   She  was  a  graduate 


of  the  School  of  Nursing  of  the  Sas- 
katoon City  Hospital,  and  a  member  of 
the  Class  of  1939. 


Vol.  38,  No.  I 


Health  Teaching 


Helen  Brown 


The  plan  of  health-teaching  carried 
out  in  the  School  of  Nursing  of  the  St. 
Catharines  General  Hospital  begins  with 
helping  the  new  student  to  see  the  hos- 
pital in  its  community  setting  from  its 
beginning  in  1865,  to  the  present.  The 
background  is  rich  in  varied  interests 
because  of  its  historical  and  geographical 
aspects  and  because  of  the  intermingling 
of  old  and  new  Canadian  groups.  From 
the  beginning,  an  effort  is  made  to 
have  the  student  think  of  the  patient  in 
relation  to  her  home  situation,  and  her 
first  nursing  study  is  made  of  a  patient 
whom  she  visits  at  home  accompanied 
by  the  instructor. 

In  dietetics,  normal  nutrition  is 
stressed.  Junior  psychology  is  planned 
so  as  to  be  of  help  so  far  as  the  student's 
own  mental  health  is  concerned.  Bac- 
teriology is  introduced  early  in  the  pre- 
liminary course  in  order  to  stress  its 
housekeeping  implications  and  to  try  to 
ensure  safer  nursing  care  from  the 
viewpoint  of  both  patient  and  nurse. 
An  effort  is  made  to  have  the  student 
appreciate  the  significance  of  each  phase 
of  the  care  of  her  own  health.  The  rea- 
sons for  physical  examinations,  immuni- 
zations, X-ray  and  reporting  of  illnesses 
are  explained  to  her.  She  is  taught  to  eva- 
luate the  adequacy  of  her  own  health 
program  and  this  leads  to  a  considera- 
tion of  the  health  needs  of  other  groups 
in  the  community  and  of  the  services 
available  to  raeet  them. 

Conferences  with  the  psychologist 
and  social  worker  of  the  mental  health 
chnic  are  arranged  as  early  as  possible. 
The  psychometric  findings  and  recom- 
mendations of  the  clinic  are  on  file  in 
the  training  school  office,  and  often  are 


of  great  help  if  difficulties  arise.  It  is 
felt  that  the  young  nurse  is  especially 
privileged  in  being  able  to  discuss  her 
problems  with  trained  people  who  are 
outside  the  close  integration  of  the  nurs- 
ing school,  and  yet  familiar  with  it. 

Visits  to  a  dairy  and  to  the  municipal 
filtration  plant  are  made  during  the 
first  year,  and  through  the  kindness  of 
the  members  of  the  department  of 
health,  it  has  been  made  possible  for 
the  preliminary  student  to  have  a  glimp- 
se of  their  work.  This  has  been  felt  to 
be  of  great  importance  in  the  formation 
of  nursing  attitudes.  One  day  is  spent 
in  schools  and  home  visiting,  and  an- 
other at  the  child  hygiene  and  chest 
clinics.  The  director  of  public  health 
nursing  feels  that  students  should  be 
given  as  much  opportunity  as  possible 
to  observe  well  children.  During  the 
second  and  third  year,  the  student  has 
two  months  experience  in  tuberculosis 
nursing,  at  the  Niagara  Peninsula  Sana- 
torium. Experience  in  communicable 
disease  nursing  is  also  given  in  the  isola- 
tion unit  of  the  Hospital,  as  opportunit) 
arises.  A  visit  to  the  Ontario  Hospital 
at  Hamilton  is  also  arranged. 

Each   senior  student  has   two   weeks 
of  public  health  experience  arranged  as 
follows: 
IJ^     days     with     the     Victorian     Order     of 

Nurses,  plus  observation  of  a  delivery  in 

a  home. 
lYz  days  in  the  schools. 
1   day  with  an  industrial  nurse. 
1    day    with    the    tuberculosis    nurse    (home 
visiting  and  chest  clinic). 

1  morning  at  the  child  hygiene  clinic. 

6  afternoons  helping  at  the  venereal  dis- 
ease clinic. 

2  mornings  at  the  toxoid  clinic  of  the  de- 
partment   of    public    health,    including    con- 


JANUARY,  1942 


39 


40 


THE   CANADIAN  NURSE 


ferences 
health. 


witli     the     medical     officer    of 


Yi  day  home  visiting. 

By  means  of  the  measures  outlined, 


which  include  classroom,  ward,  and 
community  experience,  it  is  hoped  to 
ijive  the  undergraduate  student  a  back- 
ground of  health  teaching  which  she 
may  find  useful. 


In  previous  issues  of  the  Journal,  ref- 
erence has  frequently  been  made  to 
the  hospital  training  plan  for  auxiliary 
nursing  members  of  the  Canadian  Red 
Cross  Corps.  This  plan  was  formulated 
by  the  Canadian  Red  Cross  Society,  in 
co-operation  with  the  Canadian  Nurses 
Association  and  the  Canadian  Hospital 
Council,  and  is  already  in  successful 
operation  on  an  experimental  basis.  It 
is  clearly  understood  that  this  training 
is  designed  for  women  who  wish  to 
give  voluntary  service  and  that  it  does 
not  qualify  them  to  become  professional 
nurses. 

The  carrying  out  of  the  hospital  train- 
ing plan  requires  the  co-operation  of: 

1.  A  local  Branch  of  the  Red  Cross  wil- 
ling to  sponsor  the  Plan  and  to  make  the 
necessary  contacts  with  the  local  hospital 
(or  hospitals)  selected,  and  to  work  out 
further  details  with  the  Commandant  of  the 
Nursing  Detachment  of  the  Corps. 

2.  A  civilian  general  hospital  which  car- 
ries on  a  training  school  for  nurses  and 
in  which  the  Superintendent  of  nurses  is 
prepared  to  receive  candidates  for  training 
under  the  plan. 

3.  A  local  Detachment  of  the  Nursing 
Auxiliary  Section  of  the  Corps  with  mem- 
bers who  have  the  necessary  qualifications 
and  are  prepared  to  give  their  time  and 
to  provide  their  own  uniforms  for  the  course 
of  hospital  training. 

In  order  to  facilitate  the  immediate 
development  and  possible  expansion  of 
the  plan,  the  Canadian  Red  Cross  So- 
ciety has  appointed  a  nursing  supervisor, 
responsible  to  the  National  Commis- 
sioner, Dr.  F.  W.  Routley,  whose  duty 


A  Forward  Step 


it  will  be  to  help  in  maintaining  ef- 
fective and  cordial  relationships  between 
the  groups  mentioned  above.  She  will 
also  work  m  close  co-operation  with  the 
National  Commandant  of  the  Corps, 
Mrs.  H.  P.  Plumptre;  the  National 
Commandant  of  the  Nursing  Auxiliary 
Section,  Mrs.  Keith  Hutchison,  R.  N.; 
and  Miss  Eileen  Flanagan,  R.  N.,  ad- 
visor for  the  Canadian  Nurses  Associa- 
tion to  the  Canadian  Red  Cross  Corps. 

The  nurse  chosen  for  this  important 
and  challenging  task  is  Miss  Norena 
Mackenzie  who,  for  the  past  three  years, 
has  rendered  outstanding  service  as 
superintendent  of  nurses  and  principal 
of  the  school  of  nursing  in  Jeffery  Hale's 
Hospital,  Quebec.  Miss  Mackenzie  is 
a  graduate  of  the  School  of  Nursing 
of  the  Montreal  General  Hospital  and 
of  the  McGill  School  for  Graduate 
Nurses,  and  has  spent  a  year  in  England 
in  observing  teaching  and  administra- 
tion in  British  hospitals  and  schools 
of  nursing.  She  has  had  valuable  ex- 
perience in  the  teaching  field,  first  in 
the  capacity  of  instructor  in  the  School 
of  Nursing  of  the  Montreal  General 
Hospital,  and  later  in  the  School  of 
Nursing  of  the  Hospital  for  Sick  Chil- 
dren, Toronto.  Miss  Mackenzie  has 
first-hand  knowledge  of  the  administra- 
tive principles  which  are  related  to 
nursing  service  and  will  therefore  be  in 
a  position  to  offer  advice  and  assistance 
in  connection  with  any  problems  which 
may  arise  in  working  out  the  plan  for 
training  auxiliary  workers. 


Vol.  38,  No.  1 


PUBLIC   HEALTH   NURSING 


Contributed  by  the  Public  Health  Section  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association. 


Kla-How-Ya,  Tillicum ! 


Margaret  E.  Kerr 
Cha'trnuin 
Public  HeaLh  Section^  Canadian  Nursei   Association 


Among  the  Indians  of  the  Pacific 
Coast,  friends  are  greeted  with  the 
phrase  used  as  the  title  of  this  brief  New 
Year's  message  to  the  public  health 
nurses  of  Canada.  As  we  enter  upon  a 
new  year  of  activity,  the  executive  of 
the  Public  Health  Section  of  the  Cana- 
dian Nurses  Association,  and  I,  as  your 
Chairman,  send  our  very  sincere  good 
wishes  to  all  parts  of  the  Dominion. 
To  every  public  health  nurse  we  say 
"Kla-how-ya,  Tillicum"! 

Through  the  medium  of  this,  our 
own  Page,  we  have  exchanged  ideas, 
we  have  opened  up  new  lines  of  thought, 
and  to  a  slight  degree  at  least,  have 
brought  all  the  scattered  members  of 
the  Section  closer  toge'^her.  The  Page 
has  stirred  the  interest  and  enthusiasm 
of  our  sister  Sections.  We  offer  our 
congratulations  to  the  Hospital  and 
School  of  Nursing  Section  on  their  new 
Page  and  to  the  General  Nursing  Sec- 
tion which  makes  i*^s  bow  for  the  first 
time  in  the  current  issue. 

While  considerable  progress  was  made 
in  1941,  there  is  very  much  for  each 
of  us  to  do  in   1942.  While  we  will  be 


busy  with  our  own  immediate  jobs, 
there  are  many  ways  in  which  we  m.ay 
increase  our  effectiveness  and,  ultimate- 
ly, the  value  of  public  health  nursing 
in  Canada.  Every  public  health  nurse 
should  study  the  figures  given  in  the 
article  enti'^led  "Public  Health  Nurses 
in  Canada",  which  appears  on  our  Page 
in  this  issue  of  the  Journal.  What  fac- 
tors are  responsible  for  the  fact  that  in 
1940,  40  percent  of  the  new  appoint- 
ments went  to  unqualified  public  health 
nurses?  The  general  demand  for  nurses 
may  lead  ♦■o  a  serious  curtailment  of  re- 
gistration in  the  public  health  courses 
in  our  Universities,  with  a  further  short- 
age of  qualified  personnel.  What  can 
each  individual  public  health  nurse  do 
to  meet  this  situation?  How  can  suitable 
nurses  be  interested  in  securing  ade- 
quate qualifications?  Only  as  each  of 
us  give  serious  t^hought  to  this  problem 
can  any  solution  be  found. 

The  biennial  convention  of  the  Cana- 
dian Nurses  Association  is  planned  for 
this  year,  meeting  in  Montreal.  What 
a  wonderful  stimulus  it  would  be  to 
have  representative  public  health  nurses 


JANUARY,  1942- 


41 


42 


THE    C  A  NA  D  I  A  N     NURSE 


from  every  community  in  Canada  pre-      New  Year  holds  many  unknown  things 
sent   to   participate    in    discussions.    The      for  us.  Perhaps  a  trip  to  Montreal! 


Public  Health  Nurses  in  Canada 


Margaret  E.  Kerr  and  Lyle  M.  Creelman 


Under  the  caption  of  "Some  perti- 
nent facts",  and  on  the  Public  Health 
Nursing  Page  of  the  June,  1941,  issue 
of  fhe  Jourutd  (p.  414),  a  summary 
was  given  of  the  number  of  nurses 
graduating  with  full  public  health  train- 
ing from  the  various  Universities  in 
Canada.  In  that  article  it  was  intimated 
that  a  parallel  study  was  being  made 
of  the  number  of  nurses  being  absorbed 
annually  into  existing  public  health  serv- 
ices. In  securing  the  essential  informa- 
tion, questionnaires  were  sent  to  each 
provincial  Public  Health  Nursing  Sec- 
tion. In  addition,  since  both  the  Vic- 
torian Order  of  Nurses  and  the  nurses 
of  the  Metropolitan  Life  Insurance 
Company  have  national  headquarters, 
information  regarding  their  staffs  was 
secured  directly.  While  some  slight  dis- 
crepancies may  exist,  in  general  it  is 
believed  the  results  present  the  picture 
as  it  exis'"s  in  Canada  today. 

Table  1  shows  the  number  of  nurses 
reported,  who  are  engaged  in  all 
branches  of  public  health  nursing  in 
Canada.  These  totals  assume  a  new 
interest  when  we  break  them  down 
into  the  various  branches  of  public 
health  nursing  service.  Table  2  indi- 
cates the  groupings  which  were  used 
as  the  basis  for  the  study,  and  also  the 
total  in  each  classifica'^ion. 

According  to  a  survey  which  was  re- 
cently completed  in  the  United  States, 
approximately  22  percent  of  the  nurses 
employed  in  official  agencies  were  found 


to  have  completed  at  least  one  year  of 
preparatory  training  in  a  university, 
which  is  the  equivalent  of  our  public 
health  certificate.  While  it  will  be  seen 
that  in  many  of  the  classifications  our 
Canadian  figures  compare  very  favour- 
ably, it  is  still  far  from  our  goal  of  the 
desirable  minimum  qualification  of  a 
public  health  certificate  for  all  nurses 
engaged  in   public  health  work. 

In  making  the  study,  particular  in- 
terest was  centred  on  the  new  appoint- 
ments for  1939  and  1940.  Table  3 
shows  the  numbers  appointed  in  each 
province,  and  the  capital  letters  at  the 
top  of  the  columns  have  the  following 
significance : 
A  —  holding     a     certificate     in     public 

health  nursing. 
H  —  having  exp)erience  in  public  health 

nursing  but  holding  no  certificate. 
C  —  having    neither    experience    nor    a 

certificate. 
D  —  total  number  appointed   (A+B-f- 

C). 
The  column  headed  "  number  train- 
ed" refers  to  the  figures  reported  for 
the  years  which  were  under  considera- 
tion in  the  summary  which  appeared 
in  the  June  issue  of  the  Journal. 

The  public  health  nurses  of  Canada 
will  be  interested  to  know  that  further 
studies  are  being  made  to  determine 
why  54  percent  of  the  nurses  who  re- 
ceived new  appointments  in  1939,  and 
40  percent  in  1940,  are  still  without 
full   public  health   nursing  qualifications. 


Vol.  38.  No.   1 


TABLE  1,  TOTAL  NUMBER  OF  PUBLIC  HEALTH  NURSES 


Province 


Alberta 

British  Columbia 

Manitoba 

New  Brunswick  

Nova  Scotia 

Ontario 

Prince  Edward  Island 
Quebec   (English).  .  .  . 

(French) 

Saskatchewan 

Total 


Number     for 

whom 

information 

was  obtained 

119 
179 
116 

32 
118 
753 
9 
388 
251 

72 

2037 


Number  who 
completed  one 
year  post-gra- 
duate train- 
ing in  P.H.N. 

43 
146 

23 

12 

83 

594 

6 

152 

37 

19 

1i''5 


Percentage  with 

Public  Health 

Certificate 

36.1 

81.5 

19  8 

37.5 

70.3 

78.8 

66.6 

39.9129  5 

14.7/ 

26.3 

5t  1% 


M 


2,  BRANCHES  OF  PUBLIC  HEALTH  NURSING  SERVICE 


Classification 


Victo^ft  Order  of  Nurses 

Metrwjlitan  Life  Insurance  Companv. 

Ind 

Out-Mtient  Departments  and  other  clinic: 

SociB[Welfare 

OfficMl  Agencies 


Number 
Employed 

358 

83 

187 

96 

86 

1227 


Number    with 

Certificate 

271 
63 
14 
50 
29 


Percentage  with 
Certificate 


75  6 
75.9 
7.4 
52.0 
33.7 
56.0 


TABLE  3,  NEW  APPOINTEES 


iyob» 

1940 

A      B     C    D 

Number 
Trained 

16 
18 

2 

2 

5 
64 

1 
25 

7 

A      B      C     D 

3       1     12     16 

17    —     —     17 

5       3      9     17 

2       114 

4—15 

50     —       2     52 

—     —       1       1 

29     15     24     68 

113      5 

Number 
Trained 

Alberta 

2  2  12  16 
15  ~  2  17 
—     —       5       5 

1113 

2  —  —  2 
13       1     —     14 

1  -  —  1 
10     10     17     37 

12       14 

8 

18 

4 

6 

3 

65 

1 

30 

8 

British  Columbia 

Manitoba 

New  Brunswick 

Nova  Scotia 

Ontario 

P.E.  Island 

Quebec 

Saskatchewan 

Total 

45     16    38    99 

140 

111     21     53  185 

143 

JANUARY,  1942' 


43 


GENERAL   NURSING 


Contributed  by  the  General  Nursing  Section  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association 


The  Point  of  View  of  the  Registrar 


Pearl  Brownell 


What  service  can  a  Registry  render 
to  the  community?  A  well  organized 
and  efficiently  conducted  Registry  acts 
as  a  liaison  officer  between  the  health 
needs  of  the  community  and  the 
proflFered  services  of  the  nurse.  It  should 
not  be  regarded  as  a  species  of  sorting 
machine  or  a  mechanical  device  for  the 
placement  of  nurses  and  its  functions 
are,  or  should  be,  psycholofjical  as  well 
as  administrative.  The  modern  Registry 
is  attempting  to  become  an  impartial 
and  efficient  vocational  bureau  where, 
during  the  past  few  years,  the  place- 
ment angle  has  assumed  much  greater 
proport.'ons. 

The  Registry  serves  the  community 
at  large;  not  only  hospitals,  doctors  and 
nurses.  Types  of  calls  are  many,  includ- 
ing calls  from  the  hospitals,  doctors  and 
homes  for  private  duty  nurses,  and  for 
practical  nurses  for  some  house  cases 
and  for  attendants  in  institutions.  There 
are  calls  from  hospitals  in  the  city  and 
in  the  country  for  staff  and  general 
duty  nurses,  often  requiring  those  with 
special  training  in  operating  room 
technique,  obstetrics,  etc.  There  are 
calls  for  industrial  nurses;  nurses  for 
doctors'  offices;  for  laboratory  and 
x-ray  technicians;  relief  for  nursing 
organizations  in  the  city;  nurses  for 
Red   Cross   Outposts  and   for   fresh   air 


camps;    and,    this    last    year,    for    vol- 
untary  help  with   evacuee   children. 

Many  problems  confront  the  reg- 
istrar in  filling  these  requests.  Some 
private  duty  nurses  refuse  house  cases, 
causing  one  to  wonder  what  they  them- 
selves would  think  were  members  of 
their  own  families  ill  at  home  and 
unable  to  secure  nursing  care.  Others 
accept  only  certain  types  of  cases, 
though  if  a  nurse  has  specially  fitted 
herself  for  the  type  of  work  in  which 
she  is  most  interested,  she  cannot  always 
be  censured  for  so  doinjr.  StafiF  positions 
are  often  difficult  to  fill  because  many 
nurses  lack  the  special  preparation 
required  for  these  positions.  Not  infre- 
quently, general  duty  nurses  are  found 
to  be  deficient  in  some  Sf>ecial  branches 
of  nursing.  For  example,  too  limited 
operating  room  or  obstetrical  expe- 
rience causes  her  to  feel  inadequately 
prepared  to  give  service  in  these  depart- 
ments. This  raises  the  question  as  to 
whether  schools  of  nursing  should 
consider  increasing  their  enrolment 
when  the  clinical  experience  they  offer 
is  so  limited  that  the  student  cannot 
possibly  obtain  a  proper  training.  Very 
often  the  registrar  is  called  upon  to 
assist  these  nurses  in  overcoming  defi- 
ciencies by  giving  advice  as  to  post- 
graduate courses. 


Vol.  38,  No.  I 


POINT    OF    VIEWOF    THE    REGISTRAR 


45 


Increasing  difficulty  is  found  in 
securing  nurses  for  general  duty  and 
many  complaints  are  poured  into  the 
ears  of  the  registrar.  While  appreciat- 
ing the  experience  gained  in  general 
duty  and  the  security  of  a  steady  in- 
come, it  is  considered  to  be  "too  much 
like  training,"  the  work  is  hard  and  the 
hours  are  so  long  that  by  the  time  she 
is  off  duty  it  is  too  late  for  any  social 
activity  and  she  is  too  tired  to  care.  It 
would  seem  that  the  sooner  an  eight- 
hour  day  is  established,  the  better  for 
all  concerned.  It  is  equally  important 
that  salaries  be  sufficient  to  allow  for 
a  decent  standard  of  living  with  some 
possibility  of  insurance  for  the  future. 
One  feels  like  suggesting  that  some 
hospital  boards  look  into  the  question 
of  the  minimum  salary  necessary  for  a 
nurse  to  maintain  herself  on  a  standard 
more  in  keeping  with  her  status  as  a 
regstered  nurse.  Again,  many  nurses 
have  the  personality  and  other  qual- 
ifications which  specially  fit  them  for 
private  duty;  they  find  more  sa'"isfaction 
in  this  branch  of  the  profession  and 
wish  to  remain  in  it.  After  having  the 
complete  care  of  one  patient,  many  have 
expressed  the  dissatisfaction  felt  in  doing 
general  duty  and,  as  the  situation  is  at 
present,  having  so  much  work  literally 
thrown  at  them  that  it  is  impossible  to 
give  patients  proper  attention.  This 
naturally  makes  the  conscientious  nurse 
unhappy  and  is  the  chief  source  of  many 
complaints  from  patients  regarding  the 
care  received  in  some  hospitals. 

During  the  last  few  years,  many 
requests  have  been  received  from  Ame- 
rican hospitals  for  general  duty  nurses. 
When  wc  had  a  surplus,  we  were  glad 
to  fill  these  calls  and  the  majority  have 
given  a  good  account  of  themselves.  At 
present,  there  is  a  great  shortage  across 
the  line  and  we  are  receiving  many 
calls  which  we  are  now  unable  to  meet. 
The  nursing  situation  here  has  changed 


so  suddenly  that  we  ourselves  are  faced 
with  a  serious  shortage  for  our  own 
needs.  If  we  continue  to  send  our 
nurses  away  and  so  deplete  our  ranks, 
we  shall  be  forced  to  increase  the  num- 
ber of  our  students  giving  them  less 
than  is  desirable,  thus  turning  out  a 
poorly  equipped  graduate.  While  we  do 
not  wish  to  appear  selfish,  we  feel 
definitely  that  our  first  duty  is  essen- 
tiallv  the  protection  and  safeguarding 
of  our  own  needs.  Canada  has  been  at 
war  two  years,  and  there  is  a  chance 
that,  should  the  situation  change  in  the 
United  States,  Canadian  nurses  would 
be  the  first  to  be  released.  That  inse- 
curity is  inevitable,  but  it  is  an  argu- 
ment aga'nst  encouraging  great  num- 
bers to  leave  Canada  at  the  present 
time. 

Many  are  asking  "where  are  the 
nurses"?  Quite  a  number  are  in  mi- 
litary service  and  there  is  also  the  fact 
that  more  money  is  being  spent  for 
nursing  care.  In  Winnipeg,  hospital- 
ization has  undoubtedly  been  respon- 
sible for  a  considerable  increase  in  calls 
for  private  duty  nurses,  and  hospitals, 
for  the  same  reason,  are  being  taxed 
to  capacity,  requiring  more  staff.  The 
trend  seems  to  be  fewer  calls  for  private 
duty  nurses  in  the  homes  and  more  for 
the  hospitals.  Practical  nurses  are  being 
called  if  the  patient  is  not  ill  enough  to 
require  hospital  care  or  cannot  afford 
the  services  of  a  registered  nurse.  A 
registry  which  includes  practical  nurses 
is  able  to  give  a  better  service  to  the 
public,  because  it  is  more  satisfactory  to 
consult  the  same  office  regarding  the 
needs  of  a  particular  case. 

With  the  situation  changing  so 
rapidly,  how  are  we  to  meet  the  in- 
creasing demands  resulting  in  the 
present  shortage  which  confronts  us? 
Rather  than  revert  to  the  ten-and 
twelve-hour  day  for  private  duty  nur- 
ses, careful  consideration  might  be  given 


JANUARY,  1942* 


46 


THE    CANADIAN  NURSE 


to     group     nursing     in     the     hospitals,  in    some    instances    have    already    been 

Patients  in  the   homes,  not  in   need  of  called  upon  to  meet  an  emergency.  We 

constant    attention,    might    make    more  are  at  war,  and  many  adjustments  will 

use  of  existing  services  such  as  the  Vic-  be  necessary.  Nurses  on  the  home  front 

torian   Order  of  Nurses.   Many  retired  must  be  prepared  to  make  sacrifices  in 

nurses   have   offered   their   services   and  order  that  no  one  will  call  in  vain. 


A  Word  to  the  Registrar 


Helen  M.  Jolly 


Yours  is  a  three-fold  service  :  to  the 
public,  to  the  doctors  and  to  all  nurses 
who  are  qualified  to  use  the  registry. 
To  the  public  you  are  a  friend  in  the 
time  of  trouble,  and  your  cheery  res- 
ponse extends  to  them  a  hand  in  time 
of  need.  They  rely  on  you  to  attend  to 
their  needs,  knowing  that  confiding  in 
you  has  taken  a  worry  off  their  shoul- 
ders. Many  and  varied  are  their  wants, 
but  always  they  receive  from  the  re- 
gistrar the  best  she  can  give  them, 
whether  it  be  at  1  p.m.  or  3  a.m.  To 
the  doctors,  the  registrar  is  an  asset  and 
one  of  the  main  spokes  in  the  wheel.  It 
is  the  registrar  that  introduces  nurses 
by  telephone  to  the  doctors.  She  does 
her  work  wisely  and  well,  offering 
suggestions  when  needed  and  doing  her 
utmost  to  secure  nurses  when  wanted. 
The  registrars  also  look  after  some  of 
the  doctors'  calls,  taking  messages  to  be 
delivered  when  the  doctor's  family  are 
out  of  town  and  there  is  no  one  to 
attend  to  the  house  telephone.  Some 
doctors  claim  that  they  couldn't  ma- 
nage without  the  help  of  the  registrar. 
Doctors  in  the  country  as  well  as  the 
superintendents  of  country  hospitals, 
find  the  registrar  a  friend  indeed.  It  is 
from  her  that  they  seek  help  when 
needing  nurses  and  they  rely  on  her  at 
all  times.  Early  or  late,  week  days  or 
Sundays,  she  takes  care  of  all  needs. 


The  nurses,  graduate  or  practical, 
couldn't  manage  without  the  registrar, 
whether  they  realize  it  or  not.  She  keeps 
the  call  list,  thus  enabling  nurses  to  go 
and  come  without  worry  of  securing 
work.  Often,  yes,  many  times  I  fear, 
we  forget  to  remember  that  she  is 
human.  Due  unfortunately  to  a  death, 
we  come  off  a  case  at  3  a.m.  and  with- 
out thinking,  phone  the  registry  to  put 
our  name  back  on  call  before  going  to 
bed,  little  realizing  that  the  registrar  is 
getting  her  first  sleep  of  the  night  and 
that  she,  unlike  us,  will  most  likely  be 
kept  busy  from  7  a.m.  on,  and  have  no 
further  time  for  sleep.  So,  nurses,  look 
at  your  watch  and  think  before  tele- 
phoning. Take  a  little  time  off  to  be 
kind.  To  nurses  coming  into  the  city 
from  other  provinces  or  from  the  Uni- 
ted States,  the  registrar  is  a  most 
important  link.  She  guides  them  where 
to  eat  and  sleep  and  as  to  what  the 
essentials  of  registering  are.  She  intro- 
duces them  to  the  personnel  of  the  hos- 
pitals and  to  the  nurses  with  whom  she 
will  work.  She  is  courteous  and  kind 
and  the  impression  she  makes  on  these 
strangers  within  her  gates  is  a  per- 
manent and  important  one.  She  has 
many  irons  in  the  fire,  such  as  acting 
on  different  committes,  helping  guide 
the  nurses  association,  looking  after 
x-ray      equipment,      undertaking      the 


Vol.  38,  No.   1 


BOOK   REVIEWS 


47 


supervision  of  appeals  for  funds  needed  perhaps  we   haven't   taken   the   time  to 

bv  the  war  campaign,  and  many  others  tell  you.  So,  on  behalf  of  all  the  private 

too    numerous   to    mention.     We     owe  duty    nurses    across    Canada,    I    extend 

many    things    to    you,    Registrars,    and  our  very  grateful  thanks. 


Book  Reviews 


The    Public    Health    Nurse    in    Action, 
by   Marguerite  Wales.   R.N.,   F.A.P.H.A.. 
Nursing     Education     Consultant,     W.     K. 
Kellogg  Foundation.  Battle  Creek,  Michi- 
gan. 437  pages,  including  index.  Published 
by   The   Macmillan    Company   of    Canada, 
St.  Martin's  House.  Toronto.  Price.  $2.75. 
Very  important  to  nurses  in  general,  both 
graduates    and     undergraduates,     but     more 
specifically    to   public   health    nurses,   is   the 
publication   of    Miss    Wales'    book.    Further 
than  its  value  to  nurses,  it  is  written  in  such 
a  style  as  to  reach   out  to  the   community, 
giving  information  to  lay  groups   regarding 
the  work   done  by   the   public  health  nurse. 
Because  of  this  use,  it  can  be  regarded  as  a 
valuable  tool   in  educating  and  enlightening 
boards   and   committees   in  the  activities  of 
a  public  health  nurse.  The  author  has  very 
properly    given    her   text    a   title    of    action, 
and  this  action  is  carried  with  vitality  and 
adeptness    throughout    its    pages.    It    leaves 
in  the  reader's  mind  a  sense  of  enthusiasm 
and  vigour  and  rekindles  a  determination  to 
go    out    and    tackle    human    problems    with 
renewed   forcefulness. 

The  book  is  unique  in  its  kind.  We  have 
had  texts  before  dealing  fully  with  the 
principles  of  public  health  nursing.  Others 
have  evaluated  the  performance  of  public 
health  nurses  in  their  various  activities.  "The 
Public  Health  Nurse  in  Action"  is  an  in- 
genious combination  of  both,  making  theor>- 
and  practice  travel  hand  in  hand,  quietly 
and  effectively.  Each  chapter  begins  with 
a  discussion  of  the  problems  to  be  presented 
in  one  phase  of  public  health  nursing;  fol- 
lowing this  general  discussion,  the  problems 
are  vitalized  by  means  of  a  group  of  case 
histories.  Special  notes  and  printing  arrange- 
ments are  used  to  emphasize  and  summarize 


both  the  principles  set  forth  and  their  appli- 
cation. So  vivid  are  the  case  histories  that 
the  reader  forgets  herself  as  one  with  a  book 
before  her,  but  rather  she  too  is  in  the 
district,  moving  freely  and  easily  among 
families,  working  with  them  towards  health 
promotion  and  leading  the  way  to  a  richer 
and  fuller  life. 

Miss  Wales,  who  writes  so  freely  and 
easily  within  a  wide  range  of  subject  mat- 
ter, has  for  many  years  directed  the  Henry 
Street  Visiting  Nurse  Service,  New  York 
City,  and  is  at  present  Nursing  Education 
Consultant  in  the  Kellogg  Foundation.  Battle 
Creek.  Michigan.  She  has  at  her  command 
not  only  a  wealth  of  personal  experience 
but  also  a  wide  knowledge  of  the  work  of 
others,  to  whom  she  has  turned  for  assistance 
in  the  compilation  of  her  book.  A  "must 
have"  among  new  books  for  up-to-date  public 
health  nurses  is  this  publication.  Indeed  this 
timely  book  should  have  a  space  set  aside 
for  it  in  every  school  of  nursing  library. 

Geraldine  E.  Langton, 
Field  Work  Sufervisor, 
Department  of  Nursing  and  Healthy 
University   of  British  Columbia. 


Be  Healthy,  by  Katharine  Bruderlin  Crisp, 
teacher  of  biology  at  East  High  School. 
Denver,  and  prepared  under  the  direction 
of  the  Department  of  Health  Education 
of  Denver  Public  Schools  and  the  Depart- 
ment of  Research  and  Curriculum.  Illus- 
trated. 532  pages.  Published  by  J.  B.  Lip- 
pincott  Company,  215  Victoria  Street. 
Toronto,  Ontario. 

This  is  a  simply  written  introductory  book 
on  health  and  is  intended  for  use  in  high 
schools.   The  subject  matter  is  divided  into 


JANUARY.  194Z 


48 


THE    C  A  NA  D  I  A  N   NURSE 


four  sections.  The  first  two  deal  with  sub- 
jects that  are  more  obviously  related  to 
health,  and  the  last  two  with  the  essentials 
for  maintaining  health  in  a  modern  communi- 
ty, stressing  the  Federal  Government,  the 
State,  and  the  individual's  responsibility. 
EUich  chapter  ends  with  questions  based  on 
its  contents   with   reference  lists  on   subject 


material.  The  book  is  well  illustrated,  bring- 
ing out  points  which  would  be  difficult  to 
express  otherwise. 

DOROTHA    TrUESDALE, 

Staff  Nurse, 
Victorian  Order  o\  Nurses^ 
{Hamilton  Branch) 


Golden  Jubilee  of  P.E.I.  Hospital 


The  fiftieth  anniversary  of  the  School  of 
Nursing  of  the  Prince  Edward  Island  Hos- 
pital was  celebrated  recently  at  a  special 
meeting  of  the  Alumnae  Association  pre- 
sided over  by  the  president,  Mrs.  J.  W.  Mac- 
Kenzie.  In  a  most  interesting  address,  Miss 
Anna  Mair,  superintendent  of  the  Hospital, 
spoke  of  the  founding  of  the  old  hospital 
in  1883  with  a  capacity  of  twelve  beds  but 
with  no  trained  nursing  staff.  In  1891  it 
was  decided  to  appoint  a  matron  and  this 
position  was  accepted  by  Miss  Jessie 
Sheraton,  a  graduate  of  the  School  of 
Nursing  of  the  Saint  John  General 
Hospital,  through  whose  efforts  a  school 
of  nursing  was  established.  The  course  of 
training  lasted  two  years  and  the  first  class 
graduated  in  1893  with  two  members.  Miss 


Sarah  .Arthur  and  Miss  Ella  Tynan.  Mi»s 
Arthur  is  now  living  in  Summerside,  and 
Miss  Tynan,  who  later  served  for  some 
time  as  superintendent  of  the  Hospital, 
resides  in  Saskatoon.  Nurses  were  graduated 
intermittently  during  the  years  which  im- 
mediately followed  but,  since  1903,  yearly 
graduating  exercises  have  been  held  and  218 
well-qualified  nurses  have  been  trained  to 
care  for  the  sick.  A  flourishing  AlAimnae 
Association  was  formed  three  years  ago. 
Graduates  of  the  School  were  in  attendance 
from  all  parts  of  the  Province,  including 
Miss  Bessie  Beer,  a  former  superintendent 
and  everyone  thoroughly  enjoyed  listening 
to  Miss  Mair's  excellent  address  and  ex- 
changing happy  reminiscences  of  training 
days. 


Psychiatry  in  Nursing 


A  series  of  ten  weekly  lectures  and  de- 
monstrations on  psychiatry  in  nursing  will 
be  given  under  the  auspices  of  McGill  Uni- 
versity on  Thursday  evenings,  beginning 
January  15  and  ending  on  March  19.  The 
lectures  will  be  given  at  the  McGill  School 
for  Graduate  Nurses  and  the  demonstrations 
at  the  Verdun  Protestant  Hospital. 

Lectures  on  the  following  topics  will  be 
given  by  Dr.  George  E.  Reed,  assistant  med- 
ical superintendent,  Verdun  Protestant  Hos- 
pital :  historical,  legal  and  technical  back- 
ground of  nursing  practice  with  the  psy- 
chiatric implications ;  fundamentals  of  men- 


tal health ;  the  individual  patient  and  his 
particular  and  social  environment ;  applica- 
tion of  psychiatry  to  administrative  and  other 
nursing  specialties ;  problems  associated  with 
nursing  in  war  time  and  the  reconstruction 
peiiod;  future  developments  and  responsi- 
bilities. 

Demonstrations  and  conferences  will  be 
given  at  the  Verdun  Protestant  Hospital  and 
will  be  participated  in  by  Dr.  T.  E.  Dancey, 
Dr.  H.  Lehmann,  Dr.  K.  Stern,  Dr.  Skitch, 
and  the  nursing  staff  of  the  Verdun  Protes- 
tant Hospital.    The  fee  will  be  $5.00. 


Vol.  58,  No.   1 


STUDENT   NURSES   PAGE 


Bromide  Intoxication 


Aline  O'Connor 
Student  Nurse 
School    of   Nursing,   Provincial   Mental  Hosfitaly  Ponoka^  Alberta 


Until  recently,  the  bromide  salts  were 
not  commonly  recognized  as  a  cause  of 
intoxication,  but  it  has  now  been  found, 
in  some  psychiatric  hospitals,  that  as  high 
as  seven  per  cent  of  admissions  are 
diagnosed  as  bromide  intoxication.  The 
number  of  patients  admitted  to  our  hos- 
pital suflFering  from  this  condition  is 
increasing  and,  because  of  this,  a  test  is 
done  to  determine  the  presence  of  the 
drug  in  the  blood  of  any  patient  dis- 
playing unusual  mental  symptoms. 

An  interesting  example  is  the  case 
of  Mrs.  X,  aged  48  years,  who  was 
recently  admitted  to  the  Ponoka  Mental 
Hospital.  She  was  drowsy  and  there  was 
a  strong  odour  of  paraldehyde  about  her 
person.  According  to  the  certificates  of 
admission,  she  had  been  examined  by 
two  medical  practitioners  and  found 
psychotic.  Mrs.  X  had  a  happy  and 
active  home  life  and,  until  one  year 
previously,  was  in  her  usual  state  of 
health.  Since  that  time  she  had  become 
increasingly  nervous  and  irritable  at 
menstrual  periods  and,  on  the  advice  of 
her  family  physician,  began  to  take 
small  amounts  of  a  prescription  con- 
taining sodium  bromide  to  relieve  the 
condition.  The  nervousness  did  not 
decrease,  and  one  month  before  her 
admission  she  entered  a  general  hospital 


for  treatment.  There  she  became  over- 
active. Two  drams  of  elixir  triple  bro- 
mide were  given  four  times  a  day  to 
quieten  her  but  seemed  to  have  the  op- 
posite effect.  She  began  to  hear  voices 
and,  in  response  to  them,  was  on  several 
occasions  violent  to  the  staff.  She  was 
then  transferred  to  our  hospital. 

She  appeared  to  be  in  good  physical 
condition,  although  her  mouth  and  lips 
were  very  dry  and  she  had  a  slight 
fever,  rapid  pulse,  and  respirations. 
During  the  first  evening,  when  she  had 
recovered  from  the  effects  of  the  hyp- 
notic, she  became  noisy  and  unco-oper- 
ative, refusing  to  remain  in  bed.  Her 
speech  was  thick  and  jumbled,  her  gait 
was  unsteady.  She  believed  she  was  still 
in  the  general  hospital.  The  next  morn- 
ing, with  some  difficulty,  the  routine 
admission  blood  Wassermann  and 
lumbar  puncture  were  done.  The 
serology  was  found  to  be  negative,  but 
the  test  for  bromide  showed  282  mgms. 
bromide  per  100  c.c.  blood  serum. 
Normally  there  is  no  bromide  in  the 
blood. 

For  nearly  two  weeks  the  patient 
varied  between  extreme  excitement  and 
quietness;  at  times  she  was  almost 
comatose,  then  would  become  terrified 
and    nois^•    because     of     vivid     delusions 


JANUARY,  194Z 


49 


50 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


WANTED 

Applications  are  invited  immediately  for  the  position  of  Superintendent  of 
Nurses  in  a  completely-modern  hospital  with  75  adult  beds.  The  training  school 
is  in  charge  of  a  full-time  instructor,  and  the  business  of  the  hospital  is  handled 
by  a  manager  and  clerical  staff.  Apply,  stating  qualifications,  experience,  and 
when  available,  in  the  first  letter  to: 

S.  N.  Wynn,  Chairman,  House  and  Property  Committee,  Queen  Victoria 
Hospital,  Yorkton,  Sask. 


and  hallucinations.  She  believed  her 
husband  was  being  executed,  that  there 
were  large  men  and  monstrous  animals 
on  the  ceiling  and  that  the  building  was 
on  fire.  During  this  period,  nursing 
care  was  difficult  to  give.  It  was  im- 
portant that  she  remain  in  bed  while 
her  temperature  was  elevated,  but  she 
refused  to  do  so.  Restraint  was  not 
advisable,  for  it  would  aggravate  fear. 
Sedatives  were  given  at  night,  usually 
paraldehyde,  as  it  is  least  toxic  and 
most  easily  eliminated.  Special  care  was 
given  to  her  mouth  to  relieve  the 
dryness  and  discomfort.  She  refused 
fluids,  believing  them  to  be  poisonous. 
Nourishment  was  given  by  intravenous 
therapy  and   by  gavage. 

When  the  bromide  level  had  fallen 
below  200  mgms.  per  100  c.c.  blood, 
Mrs.  X's  bizarre  behaviour  disappeared. 
She  was  now  restless  and  at  times 
anxious  and  fretful.  More  active  elim- 
inating treatment  was  then  undertaken 
and  she  was  given  continous  bath 
therapy  for  six  hours  daily.  At  first  she 
was  suspicious  of  the  treatment,  believ- 
ing it  an  attempt  to  drown  her.  Later, 
she  rested  and  slept  well  throughout 
the  series.  Ninety  grains  sodium  chlo- 
ride, (common  salt),  were  given  per 
day,  in  an  effort  to  displace  the  bro- 
mides. She  refused  capsules,  believing 
them  poisonous,  so  the  salt  was  fed  in 
beef  broth. 

The  bromide  content  in  her  blood 
was    measured    every    few    days    and, 


generally  speaking,  the  improvement  in 
this  patient's  mental  condition  paralleled 
the  fall  of  the  bromide  level.  She  grad- 
ually became  more  and  more  stable, 
co-operative  and  pleasant.  Her  appetite 
was  improved  and  she  slept  well.  She 
was  able  to  remain  in  the  day  room, 
where  she  willingly  assisted  with  ward 
work.  She  took  an  interest  in  her 
personal  appearance  and  began  to  mix 
with  other  patients.  Mrs.  X  now  had 
insight  into  her  condition  and  its  cause 
and  began  to  co-operate  more  readily 
with  the  treatment.  One  month  after 
admission,  the  bromide  had  been 
reduced  to  43  mgms.  per  100  c.c. 
serum.  Occasional  headache,  fatigue, 
debilit}-,  were  the  only  symptoms  re- 
maining. Ten  days  later  the  bromide 
was  negative  and  she  had  resumed  her 
normal  pleasing  personality.  Six  weeks 
from  the  day  of  admission  she  was 
discharged. 

Bromide  salts  are  a  valuable  sedative. 
Their  danger  lies  in  the  fact  that  some 
people  do  not  eliminate  them  readily 
and  they  quickly  accumulate  in  the 
blood.  They  are  often  prescribed 
unwisely  and  are  readily  available  to 
the  pubhc  in  patented  forms,  even 
obtainable  across  restaurant  counters. 
Bromide  intoxication  can  be  prevented 
by  discrimination  on  the  part  of  phy- 
sicians in  prescribing  bromides  as 
sedatives,  and  by  restricting  the  acces- 
sibility of  patented  forms  to  a  public 
ignorant  of  their  danger. 


Vol.  38,  No.  1 


Victorian  Order  of  Nurses  for  Canada 


The  following  are  the  staff  appointments 
to,  transfers,  and  resignations  from  the  Vic- 
torian Order  of  Nurses  for  Canada: 

Miss  Catharine  McDougall  has  been  trans- 
ferred from  the  North  Bay  staff  to  the 
staff  of  the  Burnaby  Branch  to  replace  Miss 
Phyllis  Bodcn.  who  has  been  appointed 
nurse-in-charge  of  the  Surrey  Branch. 

Miss  Phyllis  Bond,  nurse-in-charge  of  the 
Surrey  Branch,  has  resigned  to  be  married. 

Miss  Dorothy  Piche  has  been  transferred 
from  the  staff  of  the  Sudbury  Branch  to  the 
staff  of  the  North  Bay  Branch. 

Miss  Mary  Webster,  who  has  been  on 
leave  of  absence  from  the  staff  of  the  Belle- 
ville   Branch,   has    resigned   to  be   married. 

Miss  Elizabeth  Whiston,  who  has  been  on 
leave  of  absence  from  the  Order  to  attend 
the  course  in  public  health  nursing  at  the 
School  for  Graduate  Nurses,  McGill  Uni- 
versity, and  to  take  training  in  communicable 
disease  nursing  at  the  Alexandra  Hospital, 
Montreal,  has  been  appointed  to  the  staff 
of  the  Truro  Branch. 

Mrs.  J.  M.  Hill,  a  graduate  of  the  Rhode 
Island  Hospital,  and  formerly  employed  on 
the  Halifax  and  Yarmouth  Branches,  has 
been  appointed  nurse-in-charge  temporarily 
of   the    Canso    Branch. 

Mrs.  Ian  MacKay,  a  graduate  of  St.  Luke's 
Hospital,  New  York  City,  and  formerly  a 
member  of  the  Toronto  staff,  is  relieving 
on  the   Sydney  staff  during  the  absence  of 


Miss  Doroth]y   Foivlcr,  who  is  on  leave  of 
absence  because  of  ill-health. 

Miss  Eileen  Dytnond,  a  graduate  of  the 
Calgary  General  Hospital  and  of  the  course 
in  public  health  nursing  at  the  University 
of  Toronto,  has  been  appointed  to  the  staff 
of  the  York  Township  Branch,  replacing 
Miss  Catherine  Maddaford  w^ho  has  been 
transferred  to  the    Peterborough   staff. 

Miss  Ethel  Grindley,  a  graduate  of  the 
Montreal  General  Hospital,  and  of  the 
course  in  public  health  nursing  at  the  School 
for  Graduate  Nurses,  McGill  University, 
and  formerly  on  the  Montreal  staff,  has 
been  appointed  to  the  staff  of  the  Toronto 
Branch. 

Mrs.  Daisy  Bell,  formerly  employed  by 
the  New  Glasgow  and  Lunenburg  Branches, 
has  been  appointed  to  the  staff  of  the  Mon- 
treal   Branch. 

Miss  Patricia  Kennedy  has  resigned  from 
the   Montreal    Branch. 

Miss  Helen  Hudson  has  resigned  from  the 
Hamilton   Branch  to  be   married. 

Miss  Ruth  Akagaiva  has  resigned  from 
the    staff    of    the    Vancouver    Branch. 

Miss  Elisabeth  Logic  has  resigned  from 
the  staff  of  the  Vancouver  Branch  to  ac- 
cept a  position  with  the  .American  Can  Com- 
pany. 

Miss  Mary  Yoiinge,  formerly  on  the  staff 
of  the  London  Branch,  is  relieving  in  Smiths 
Falls  during  Miss  Bluhm's  leave  of  absence 
because  of  illness. 


A  Stimulating  Extension  Course 


A    most    successful    extension    course    in 
hospital  administration  was  conducted  in  the 
School    for   Graduate    Nurses,    McGill    Uni- 
versity, during  the  first  term  of  the  current 
session.      The    fact    that    there    was    an   at- 
tendance   of    thirty-eight    nurses,    who    hold 
administrative   and   supervisory   positions   in 
Montreal    and    adjacent    districts,    was    evi- 
dence of  the  general  interest  in,  and  need  for 
such  a  course.     The   School  was   most  for- 


tunate in  securing  Dr.  Harvey  Agnew, 
secretary  of  the  Department  of  Hospital 
.Service,  Canadian  Medical  Association,  to 
open  the  course  with  a  series  of  eight  lec- 
tures which  were  very  stimulating.  The 
other  lecturers  were  all  specialists  in  various 
departments   of  hospital   administration. 

The  following  topics  were  chosen  by  Dr. 
Agnew :  the  development  of  hospitals  and 
the  hospital  system  in  Canada ;  fundamentals 


JANUARY,  1942 


31 


52 


THE   CANADIAN  NURSE 


of  hospital  organization  and  administration; 
relationships  of  the  hospital;  the  medical 
staff;  hospital  ethics.  Other  speakers  and 
their  topics  were  as  follows:  Mr.  A.  H. 
Westbury,  chief  accountant,  Montreal  Gen- 
eral Hospital,  the  business  office;  Dr.  J. 
E.  de  Belle,  superintendent.  Children's 
Memorial  Hospital,  admission  and  discharge ; 
Miss  Ruth  Park,  dietitian-in-charge,  Mon- 
treal General  Hospital,  organization  and  ad- 
ministration of  a  dietary   department;    Mr. 


A.  W.  Smith,  assistant  to  superintendent  of 
Royal  Victoria  Hospital,  stores  control  and 
purchasing;  Mr.  J.  Cecil  McDougall,  ar- 
chitect, hospital  planning  and  construction; 
Mr.  F.  F.  Cohen,  superintendent,  Jewish 
General  Hospital,  the  hospital  pharmacy; 
Dr.  L.  Gilday,  superintendent,  Montreal 
General  Hospital,  special  problems  in  the 
administration  of  a  private  pavilion;  Dr.  G. 
S.  Stephens,  superintendent,  Royal  Victoria 
Hospital,    group    hospitalization. 


Overseas  Nursing  Sisters  Association 


On  Armistice  Day,  the  president  and  mem- 
bers of  the  Ottawa  Unit  of  the  Overseas 
Nursing  Sisters  Association  placed  wreaths 
before  the  Nurses  Memorial,  in  the  Hall  of 
Fame  of  the  Parliament  buildings.  At  a  sub- 
sequent meeting,  the  imit  had  the  pleasure 
of  entertaining  Miss  Elizabeth  Smellie,  C. 
B.  E.,  R.  R.  C,  Matron-in-Chief  in  Canada, 
and    Nursing    Sister    Roberts,    formerly    in 


charge  of  Deer  Lodge  Military  Hospital  in 
Winnipeg  and  now  attached  to  the  office  of 
the  Matron-in-Chief.  Miss  Gertrude  Halpen- 
ny  was  re-elected  president,  and  the  follow- 
ing executive  were  also  returned  to  office  : 
Secretary,  Miss  Mabel  O.  Hamilton;  trea- 
surer, Miss  Estelle  Mitchell ;  flower  con- 
vener, Mrs.  A.  Bell ;  social  convener,  Mrs. 
J.  H.  Stitt. 


NEWS    NOTES 


ALBERTA 


Vegreville: 


The  members  of  the  Vegreville  General 
Hospital  Alumnae  Association  were  guests 
of  honor  at  a  social  evening  sponsored  by 
the  probationers,  which  was  held  recently. 
An  enjoyable  evening  was  spent  and  the 
<ilder  nurses  were  pleased  to  make  the  ac- 
quaintance of  the  new  members  of  the 
School.  Arrangements  have  been  made  by 
the  Sisters  to  entertain  the  Alumnae  As- 
sociation members  and  student  body  monthly 
at  the  nurses  residence.  An  instructional 
and  recreational  Filmosound  picture  will  be 
shown  at  each  entertainment. 

Miss  A.  Wynnychuk  and  Miss  Lena  Wis- 
pinski,  formerly  on  the  staff  of  St.  Mary's 
Hospital,  Camrose,  are  now  holding  posi- 
tions at  St.  John's  Hospital,  Minnesota.  Two 
ditty  bags  were  filled  by  the  Sisters,  Alum- 
nae Association  members,  and  student  nurses. 

The  following  marriages  of  Vegreville 
General  Hospital  graduates  have  recently 
taken   place :    Miss    L.     Blouin    to     Mr.    R. 


James ;  Miss  H.  Bartsch  to  Mr.  C.  Thomp- 
son ;  Miss  T.  Finlin  to  Mr.  W.  Rovang ; 
Miss  P.  Cador  to  Mr.  Rene  Landry. 


BRITISH  COLUMBIA 

Prince  Rupert: 

The  Prince  Rupert  Chapter  of  the  R.N. A. 
B.C.  was  formed  at  Prince  Rupert  on  March 
3,  1941.  The  following  executive  were 
elected :  chairman,  Miss  E.  D.  Priestly ;  vice- 
chairman,  Miss  E.  Dobbie ;  secretary.  Miss 
B.  Berner ;  treasurer.  Miss  J.  Foster.  Meet- 
ings are  held  monthly,  the  most  interesting 
part  being  the  study  of  discussion  group 
outlines  entitled  "When  is  Nursing?"  Two 
lectures  on  war-time  poison  gases  were  given 
by  the  gas  instructor  from  the  local  garrison 
and  a  talk  on  "Shanghai,  its  civic  govern- 
ment and  the  Japanese  Menace,"  by  Cap- 
tain Marsden,  recently  arrived  from  that 
city.     Contributions  of  $16  and  $22  respec- 


Vol.  38,  No.  1 


UOOHWOHIHCTOR 

It  is  well  recognized  that  a  frank 
deficiency  of  a  single  nutritional 
factor  is  rare.  Since  most  vitamin 
deficiencies  are  multiple  in  nature, 
the  following  Squibb  Vitamin  Pro- 
ducts will  find  a  wide  field  of  useful- 
ness in  your  practice.  They  supply 
several  important  vitamins. 

ADEX-YEAST 

Supplies  Vitamins  A,  D  and  Bi  and  the 
other  B -Complex  factors  in  the  proportions 
found  in  yeast.  For  routine  use  as  an 
economical  diet  supplement.  These  choco- 
late-coated tablets  are  easy  to  swallow, 
cause  no  flatulence,  have  no  oily  taste. 
Supplied  in  bottles  of  80,  250  and  1,000 
tablets.   Sig:  3  or  more  daily. 

VIGRAN 

So  potent  that  one  capsule  suppUes  the 
estimated  daily  requirement  in  Vitamins 
A,  B,  C,  and  D  and  other  B-Complex 
factors  from  a  Special  High  Potency  Yeast. 
Especially  useful  to  prevent  avitaminosis, 
particularly  after  surgical  procedures  or 
severe  infections.  Supplied  in  bottles  of 
25,  100  and  250  capsules. 

♦Strauss,  M.B.,J.A.M.A.  110:953,  1938. 
For  literature  and  samples  write  36  Caledonia  Road^  Toronto 


ADEX-YEAST 

TABLETS 
SQUIBB 

VnAMIN  A   e  D  G  TABLErt 
■■ot.oaKALi.Y  rwto 

t  R  SoviM  4.  Sox*  Of  f  »KAn».lJi 


ER:  Squibb  &  Sons  of  Canada,  Ltd. 

MANUFACTURING    CHEMISTS    TO    THE     MEDICAL     PROFESSION     SINCE     I8S8 


JANUARY,  1942 


54 


J'  H  E    C  A  NA  D  I  A  N   NURSE 


lively  have  been  forwarded  for  the  British 
N'urses  Relief  Fund.  The  visit  of  Miss  K. 
Sanderson  of  Vancouver,  convener  of  Dis- 
tricts and  Chapters,  was  greatly  enjoyed. 


Vancouver: 

After  the  transaction  of  routine  business 
at  the  November  meeting  of  the  Vancouver 
Graduate  Nurses  Association,  the  members 
attended  a  mass  meeting  of  all  nurses  in 
Vancouver,  called  to  hear  our  new  provin- 
cial secretary,  Miss  Evelyn  Mallory,  report 
on  the  joint  conference  of  Directors  of  the 
University  Schools  of  Nursing  and  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association  Executive 
Committee  which  she  attended  in  Montreal. 
Miss  Mallory  painted  a  vivid  picture  of  the 
state  of  nursing  affairs  as  revealed  at  that 
emergency  meeting.  The  report  and  its 
recommendations  w^ere  brought  as  a  chal- 
lenge to  all  present  and  left  a  sense  of 
responsibility  on  every  nurse  to  do  her  part 
in  preserving  and  maintaining  the  highest 
standards  of  the  profession.  Over  200 
nurses   were   in   attendance. 

The  Vancouver  Graduate  Nurses  As- 
sociation began  its  fall  and  winter  session 
with  the  important  topic  of  the  blood  banks. 
It  was  felt  that  all  our  nurses  should  have 
such  knowledge  because  one  has  been  opened 
in  Vancouver.  Dr.  Dolman,  Director  of 
Provincial  Laboratories,  gave  a  comprehen- 
sive and  enlightening  address  on  the  proces- 
sing of  the  blood,  with  exhibits  of  the  prod- 
ucts prepared  for  shipment  to  Britain.  Some 
of  our  nurses  have  since  been  associated 
with   the   establishment   of   the   blood   bank. 

Nurses  must  answer  the  call  for  support 
to  our  sister  nurses  in  Great  Britain  who  are 
so  gallantly  doing  their  duty,  and  the  As- 
sociation recently  sponsored  a  bridge  at 
which  the  sum  of  $163.85  was  contributed 
to  the  British  Nurses  Relief  Fund. 


MANITOBA 


Winnipeg: 


Children's  Hosfitai: 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Children's  Hospital 
Alumnae  Association,  which  was  held  re- 
cently, the  following  officers  were  elected : 
president,  Mrs.  Warren  Stewart;  first  vice- 
president.  Miss  M.  Perley;  recording  se- 
cretary. Miss  E.  Hyndman ;  corresponding 
secretary.  Miss  E.  Young;  treasurer.  Miss 
B.  Thain ;  committee  conveners :  program, 
Miss  M.  Smith ;  ways  and  means,  Mrs.  H. 
Moore ;  visiting  and  Red  Cross,  Mrs.  Camp- 
bell ;  membership,  Miss  R.  Hutton ;  news 
editor,  Mrs.  Geo.  Jack. 

The     following    marriages    have    recently 


taken  place:  Florence  S.  MacDonald  to 
Gordon  Reeves;  Jean  E.  Montgomery  to 
Roy  Nordgren;  Dorothy  Still  to  Herbert 
Moore;  Hedwig  J.  Hahr  to  Jacob  C.  Kirby; 
Frances  M.  Irwin  to  Noble  L.  Kingdon; 
Elberta  Peterson  to  George  F.  Kiewel. 


St,   Boniface: 

Sf.  Romjoce  Hosfital: 

Miss  Nellie  K.  Goodman  has  replaced 
Miss  Edith  Swaine  on  the  teaching  staff  of 
St.  Boniface  Hospital.  Miss  Goodman  is  a 
graduate  of  the  School  of  Nursing  of  the 
Regina  General  Hospital,  and  of  the  McGill 
School  for  Graduate  Nurses  in  teaching  and 
supervision. 

Three  St.  Boniface  graduates  have  volun- 
teered to  serve  in  South  Africa,  namely : 
Laura  M.  Wastle  (1936),  Grace  Govenlock 
(1939),    Jean    Wheeler    (1941). 

Miss  Frances  Gillis  (1940)  has  com- 
menced a  course  of  combined  theoretical  and 
practical  work  at  the  University  Hospital, 
New    Brunswick,    N.   J. 

The  1941  graduating  class  contributed  $100 
to  the  British  Nurses  Relief  Fund.  St. 
Boniface  student  nurses  have  this  year  es- 
tablished a  Student  Council  and  student 
fund.  In  aid  of  the  British  Nurses  Relief 
P^und,  the  students  held  a  very  successful 
silver  tea. 


NOVA  SCOTIA 


Halifax: 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Halifax 
Branch,  R.N. A.N. S.,  the  feature  of  the 
evening  was  an  original  playlet,  "One  dollar 
and  eighty-three  cents",  written  by  Misses 
Reta'  Myers,  Julia  Flynn,  and  Jean  Forbes, 
of  the  Victorian  Order  of  Nurses.  The 
property  and  stage  manager  was  Miss 
Marion  Shore,  convener  of  the  public  health 
committee,  Halifax  Branch.  Reviews  of  ar- 
ticles recently  published  in  the  Journal  were 
given  by  Miss  Helen  Joncas,  instructor  of 
nurses,  Victoria  General  Hospital ;  Miss 
Grace  Porter,  provincial  convener  of  the 
General  Nursing  Section ;  Miss  Gertrude 
Crosby,  staff  nurse,  Halifax  Department  of 
Public  Health  and  Welfare;  Miss  Ruth 
Hart,  member  of  Provincial  Red  Cross 
Emergency  Committee.  An  appeal  for  sub- 
scribers to  our  magazine  was  made  by  Mrs. 
J.  T.  Luscombe,  member  of  the  provincial 
library  committee.  Posters,  illustrating  the 
benefits  of  reading  The  Canadian  Nurse, 
were  prepared  by  Miss  Pat  Flynn  and  by 
irembers  of  the  nursing  staff  of  the  Halifax 
Infirmary. 


Vol.  38.  No.   1 


NEWS  NOTES 


55 


Kentville: 

A  recent  meeting  of  the  Valley  Branch, 
R.N.A.i\.S.,  was  held  at  the  Blanchard- 
F"raser  Memorial  Hospital.  It  took  the  form 
of  a  masquerade  party  celebrating  the  sev- 
enth birthday  of  the  organization  of  the 
branch.  Costumes  were  judged  by  two 
Nursing  Sisters  from  the  Military  Hospital 
at  Aldershot.  Games  were  played  and  prizes 
given.  The  birthday  cake,  topped  by  seven 
candles,  was  cut  by  the  president,  Miss 
Richardson.  Following  lunch  a  short  busi- 
ness meeting  was   held. 


ONTARIO 

Districts  2  and  3 

Brantford: 

The  autumn  meeting  of  the  public  htalth 
nurses  of  Districts  2  and  3,  R.N.A.O.,  was 
held  recently  in  Brantford.  The  weather 
man  was  kind,  giving  glorious  sunshine  to 
show  up  the  riot  of  colour  everywhere. 
Twenty-nine  public  health  nurses  met  at  the 
Ontario  School  for  the  Blind  and  were  es- 
corted through  the  school  and  work  rooms. 
It  was  interesting  to  watch  the  children  from 
6  to  8  years  in  the  primary  room,  learning 
the  various  grouping  of  the  dots  that  make 
up  the  Braille  letters.  We  were  told  that  at 
one  time,  the  pupils  in  this  primary  room 
would  often  be  16  to  18  years  or  even  20 
and  over,  but  that,  owing  to  more  knowledge 
of  the  functions  of  the  school  and  to  public 
health  teaching,  must  of  the  beginners  were 
now  from  6  to  8  years  of  age.  We  watched 
a  class  learn  to  write  to  the  tune  of  a  nurse- 
ry rhyme,  stamping  the  letter,  on  the  down 
beat  of  the  bar,  in  the  grooved  ruler,  clamped 
to  the  board  on  which  the  writing  pai^er  was 
held.  Some  verj^  fine  pieces  of  woodwork 
and  basketry  were  proudly  shown  us  and 
we  watched  the  pupils  typing  their  notes. 
Before  we  left  the  building,  a  senior  pupil 
led  us  to  the  assembly  hall  where  another 
girl  of  the  same  class  played  selections  on 
the  pipe  organ. 

A  tour  of  other  interesting  places  was 
made  en  route  to  supper.  The  Bell  Memo- 
rial was  admired  and  a  stop  was  made  at 
the  Brant  Memorial  to  examine  the  mar- 
velous piece  of  bronze  sculpture  wTought  by 
the  same  artist  whose  magnificent  memorial 
to  Champlain  looks  out  across  Lake  Couchi- 
ching  from  the  park  in  Orillia.  The  next 
stop  was  at  the  Indian  School  where  we  saw 
the  silver  communion  set  given  to  the  Mo- 
hawks by  Queen  Anne,  and  the  precious  old 
Bible  containing  the  autographs  of  most  of 
the  members  of  the  royal  household  who  have 


DEODORANT 


Safely 

stops  perspiration 

1  to  3  days 

Non-Greasy  .  .  .  Stainless  .  .  .  Takes  odor 

from   perspiration 
Use   before   or  after  shaving 
Non-irritating   .   .   .   won't  harm   dresses 
No   waiting  to   dry  .   .   .   vanishes  quickly 
GUARANTEE — Money  refunded  if  you 
don't  agree  that  this  new  cream  is  the 
best  deodorant  you've  ever  tried!  The 
Odorono  Co.,  Ltd.,  980  St.  Antoine 
Street,  Montreal,  P.Q. 


1   Full  0-.39  ^T-Not  JusI  k  Half  Oz. 


JANUARY,  1942 


56 


THE    C  A  NA  D  I  A  N   NURSE 


visited  Canada,  and  the  names  of  many  pre- 
miers and  otlicr  irnportant  visitors.  We  sat 
enthralled  in  the  Queen  Anne  Chapel  and 
listened  to  the  incumbent  tell  how  the  Queen, 
at  the  request  of  the  Mohawks,  built  them 
a  chapel  in  1711  at  Fort  Hunter. 

The  Tiotiie  of  Alexander  Graham  Bell, 
where  he  conceived  the  idea  of  a  wire  which 
would  transmit  messages,  was  our  ne.xt  brief 
stop  and  then  supper,  with  a  teacher  from 
the  School  for  the  Blind  to  tell  us  about  the 
work  and  to  interpret  what  we  had  seen 
during  the  afternoon. 


Brantjord  General  Hospital: 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Alumnae  As- 
sociation of  the  Brant  ford  General  Hospital, 
Mr.  R.  J.  Waterous,  former  mayor  of 
Brantford,  gave  a  graphic  picture  of  con- 
ditions in  England,  as  seen  and  experienced 
by  him  on  his  trip  there  a  year  ago.  At 
the  December  meeting  of  the  Alumnae  As- 
sociation, Dr.  Leslie  Bier,  a  missionary  on 
furlough  from  Africa,  gave  an  interesting 
talk  on  his  work  in  Africa,  illustrated  by 
lantern  slides.  A  raffle  was  held  recently 
by  members  of  the  Alumnae  Association,  the 
proceeds  to  be  used  for  Christmas  parcels 
overseas. 

The  following  graduates  of  the  B.G.H. 
are  taking  postgraduate  courses  at  the 
School  of  Nursing,  University  of  Toronto : 
D.  Linscott,  H.  Cuff  (teaching  and  super- 
vision) ;  G.  Jones,  J.  Sterne,  G.  Knisley 
(public  health).  Miss  M.  Terryberry,  who 
attended  the  School  of  Nursing  last  year, 
is  now  assistant  superintendent  of  nurses  and 
clinical  instructress  at  the  B.G.H.  Miss  E. 
Anderson  (B.G.H.)  is  working  at  the  Flor- 
ence   Crittenton    Hospital,    Detroit. 

The  following  marriages  of  Brantford 
General  Hospital  graduates  have  recently 
taken  place:  Miss  H.  Turner  (1926)  to  Mr. 
Force;  Miss  E.  Brvant  (1937)  to  Capt. 
Walter  Peace;  Miss  E.  Davies  (1929)  to 
Cpl.  J.  Casey;  Miss  M.  Peach  (1936)  to  Dr. 
L.  Rice;  Miss  L.  Kuhl  (1933)  to  Mr.  F. 
Scace;  Miss  J.  Spry  (1939)  to  Mr.  T.  Hob- 
den;  Miss  G.  Larmon  (1939)  to  Mr.  R. 
Brittain. 


Kitchener: 

The  following  have  been  elected  as  of- 
ficers of  the  Kitchener  and  Waterloo  Gen- 
eral Hospital  Alumnae  Association :  honour- 
ary  president.  Miss  K.  W.  Scott ;  president, 
Mrs.  H.  Christner;  first  vice-president.  Miss 
G.  Cornwall ;  second  vice-president,  Miss  R. 
Bagshaw ;  secretary.  Miss  O.  Daitz ;  treas- 
urer, Miss  E.  Janzen ;  committee  conveners : 
program,    Miss    L.    Daniel :    social,    Mrs.    R. 


Hodd;  flowers:  Misses  M.  McManus,  M. 
McLean ;  representative  to  The  Can-adian 
.\'ursc.  Miss  A.  Leslie. 

Miss  Helen  Peer  (Kitchener  and  Water- 
loo General  Hospital,  1938)  is  the  first 
Twin  City  nurse  to  volunteer  to  serve  in 
a  South  African  Military  Hospital  since  the 
call  came  for  Canadian  nurses.  After  com- 
pleting a  postgraduate  course  in  psychiatry 
at  London  she  went  to  Woodstock  where 
she  was  on  the  staff  of  the  Ontario  Hos- 
pital. 

Miss  E.  Janzen  has  completed  a  ixjst- 
graduate  course  in  obstetrics  and  is  now  on 
the  staff  of  the  K.W.H.  Miss  C.  Fraser 
has  accepted  a  position  at  the  Hamilton  Hos- 
pital,  Bermuda. 

The  foUovring  marriages  have  recently 
taken  place:  Miss  J.  MacDonald  (K.W.H., 
1940)  to  Mr.  W.  Bogg;  Miss  W.  Tennant 
(K.W.H.,  1940)   to  Mr.  Carl   Pequeznat. 


District  4 
Hamilton: 

Proceeds  from  the  dance  and  bridge  held 
on  November  21,  and  sponsored  by  the 
Alumnae  Association  of  the  Hamilton  Gen- 
eral Hospital  will  be  forwarded  to  the  Lord 
Mayor's   Fund. 

Married:  Recently,  Miss  Mary  Helen 
Warren  to  Lieut.  John  K.  Moss,  M.D. 


District  5 


Toronto : 

The  winter  meeting  of  District  5,  R.  N. 
A.  O.,  was  held  recently  at  the  Toronto  (jen- 
eral  Hospital  with  an  attendance  of  over  200. 
The  Very  Rev.  Dr.  Peter  Bryce,  pastor  of 
the  Metropolitan  Church,  in  pronouncing  the 
Invocation,  gave  a  splendid  start  to  the  meet- 
ing. 

From  the  correspondence  it  was  learned 
that  the  Central  Registry,  Toronto,  is  plan- 
ning re-organization  and  has  appealed  tor  as- 
sistance in  so  doing  to  Miss  Marjorie  Buck, 
Norfolk  General  Hospital,  Simcoe,  chair- 
man of  the  committee  on  Registries  of  the 
R.  N.  A.  O.  The  most  important  item  of 
business  dealt  with  was  that  of  secretary- 
treasurer  for  the  District.  Our  membership 
has  increased  considerably  in  the  last  few- 
years  and  it  was  felt  that  an  honorarium 
should  be  paid  to  the  nurse  holding  this  offi- 
ce. After  studying  the  report  and  the  re- 
commendations contained  therein,  it  was  de- 
cided to  combine  the  offices  of  secretary  and 
treasurer  and  pay  an  honorarium  of  $150  a 
year.  Our  membership  now-  stands  at  1605 
and  the  contribution  to  the  aid  of  British 
Nurses  has  reached  the  total  of  $5,787. 


Vol.   38.  No.   1 


NEWS  NOTES 


57 


Miss  Claribel  McCorquodale,  supervisor 
of  nursing,  Department  of  Radiology,  To- 
ronto General  Hospital,  presented  her  il- 
lustrated and  now  famous  lecture  on  "A 
nurse  looks  at  radiology".  Before  and  after 
the  meeting,  the  exhibit  "Carry  On"  was  on 
display  with  Miss  Muriel  Winter  giving  an 
explanation.  We  were  indeed  fortunate  in 
being  able  to  have  both  Miss  Conjuodale  and 
Miss  Winter  with  her  e.xhibit. 

WcllesLey  Hospital: 

.■\t  a  recent  war  work  meeting  of  the  Wel- 
lesley  Hospital  Alumnae  Association,  Miss 
Jean  Harris  reported  that  105  knitted  articles 
had  been  sent  to  the  Red  Cross.  Miss  Grace 
Bolton  reported  that  138  knitted  articles  had 
been  sent  to  British  and  Canadian  sailors, 
and  letters  of  appreciation  were  read.  Miss 
Mary  Stanton  reported  on  clothing  received 
by  Miss  H.  Cunningham,  a  Wellesley  grad- 
uate in  charge  of  a  group  of  evacuees  in 
England.  Miss  Gretchen  Schwint  reported 
on  food  which  had  been  sent  to  Wellesley 
graduates  overseas. 

Identification  bracelets  were  presented  to 
Miss  Constance  Cuthbert,  who  will  leave 
shortly  for  service  in  South  .\frican  military 
hospitals,  and  to  Miss  Enid  Moore,  who  is 
at   Camp   Borden. 

Dr.  R.  G.  Warminton  spoke  to  the  nurses 
on  new  drugs  and  their  uses.  A  motion  pic- 
ture entitled  "Britannia  is  a  Woman",  de- 
picting British  women's  war  work,  was 
shown,  following  which  Mrs.  G.  D.  Conant, 
vice-chairman  of  the  Canadian  Women's 
Voluntary  Services,  gave  an  address  on  the 
organization  and  work  of  the  C.  W.  V.  S. 
A  social  hour  followed. 


District  8 


Oi-tawa: 

The  Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing 
Group  of  District  8.  R.  X.  A.  O..  sponsored 
a  refresher  course  which  was  held  in  the 
Ottawa  Civic  Hospital  and  fhe  Ottawa  Gen- 
eral Hospital.  The  course  was  conducted  by 
Miss  Marion  Lindeburgh  of  the  School  for 
Graduate  Nurses.  McGill  University.  The 
subject  was  "Better  nurses — Better  nursing." 
The  attendance  was  gratifying,  numbering 
87  registrants  and  the  response  was  enthu- 
siastic. Keen  interest  in  the  supplement  was 
aroused  and  the  lectures  and  demonstrations 
were  appreciated  by  all. 

Lady  Stanley  Institute: 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Lady  Stanley 
Institute  Alumnae  Association  it  Was  rec- 
orded  in   the   minutes   that    in   the   death   of 


Junket' 

•iKHll'MWHtf 


iking 


k    'Or  making    . 
»*<iii.LA  ri»»«" 


Adding 

Interest 

to  Milk  Diet 


MILK  CHn  be  made  much  more  interesting 
and  enjoyable  to  patients  who  weary  of 
its  monotony,  by  offering  it  in  greater 
variety.  Why  not  try  milk  made  into  ren- 
net-custards? They  appeal  to  everybody, 
sick  or  well.  No  trouble  to  make,  delicious 
to  take,  quick  and  easy  to  digest.  Made  in 
a   moment   with 

"JUNKET"  RENNET  POWDER 
"JUNKET"  RENNET  TABLETS 
"JUNKET"  RENNET  POWDER  comes  in 
six  flavours,  vanilla,  chocolate,  lemon, 
orange,  raspberry,  maple,  in  natural  col- 
ours. Tablets  are  not  flavoured.  Add  sugar 
and   flavouring  to   taste. 

ORDER   FROM 

"THE    JUNKET'  FOLKS" 

Chr.   Hansen's  Laboratory 
833  King  St.  West     -     Toronto,  Ont. 


WHIT€ 


TUBE   CREME 

Preferred  by  Nurses 
for  continued  use  as 
it  cleans  better,  works 
faster,  and  contains 
ingredients  to  pre- 
serve fine  footwear. 
Made  in  Canada  by 
Canadians  specializing 
in  the  manufacture 
of  fine  shoe  dressings. 
Sample  tube  mailed 
to  any  nurse  on  re- 
quest to: 

EVERETT  &    BARRON 

OF   CANADA,  LTD., 

914    Dufferin    St. 

Toronto. 


tVIUNOTRUBOff 


JANUARY.  194Z 


THE    C  A  NA  D  I  A  N   NURSE 


Medicine  —  Surgery 

Stevens  &  Ambler — Medical   Diseases 

for  Nurses.  4th  Edition,  551   pages, 

illustroted.  $3.25. 
Cabot   &    Giles   —   Surgical    Nursing. 

4th  Edition,  513  pages,   illustrated. 

$3.50. 
These    textbooks    have    an    increasing 
sale  each   year.    If  you  are  not  fomi- 
liar  with  them  write  us  for  copies. 

McAinsh  &  Co.  Limited 

Dealers   in    Good   Books   Since    1885 
388  Yonge  St.  Toronto 


Experienced  Nurses  Know 

ST@DMAlNlS 

%ctL^yt7i^ns  POWDERS 

They  know  this  safe  and  Kentle  aperient  is 
ideal  for  infants  and  children,  to  relieve 
constipation,  colic  and  feverishness  and 
keep  the  little  system  regular.  Steedman's 
Powders  can  be  used  with  perfect  con- 
fidence. Our  "Hints  to  Mothers"  booklet 
deals  sensibly  with  baby's  little  ailments — 
for  copies  and  samples  of  Steedman's 
Powders  write:  JOHN  STEEDMAN  &  CO., 
Dept.    10.   442    St.    Gabriel    St.,    MOJ   TREAL. 


THE  CENTRAL 

REGISTRY    OF    GRADUATE 

NURSES,   TORONTO 

Furnish  Nurses 
at  any  hour 
DAY  or  NIGHT 

TELEPHONE     Kingsdale  2136 

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86    Bloor   Street,   West,   TORONTO 

HELEN   CARRUTHERS,   Rejr.   N. 


i.^. 


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B7 


MENTHO  LATUM 

Gives  COMrORT  Daily 


Miss  Florence  J.  Potts,  the  Association  had 
lost  a  member  and  an  honourary  vice-presi- 
dent who  was  an  outstanding  personage  in 
the  nursing  world,  not  only  in  Canada  but 
also  in  the  United  States. 


District  9 


Sudbury: 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Sudbury  Chap- 
ter, District  9,  R.  N.  A.  O.,  we  were  very 
fortunate  in  having  with  us  Miss  Ferguson 
of  Ottawa,  district  supervisor  of  the  Vic- 
torian Order  of  Nurses,  who  gave  a  very 
interesting  talk  on  the  work  of  the  Order.  A 
demonstration  of  the  nursing  technique 
during  a  confinement  in  the  home  was  given 
by  Miss  Aylward,  of  the  Sudbury  branch 
of  the  V.  O.  N.  This  was  also  interesting 
and  very  helpful.  The  use  of  the  Baxter  in- 
travenous set  was  demonstrated  by  one  of 
the  student  nurses  of  the  hospital. 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Muskoka 
Chapter,  Nursing  Sister  Barry  Bowles,  R. 
C.  A.  M.  C,  gave  an  interesting  account  of 
a  nurse's  life  in  a  military  hospital. 


PRINCE    EDWARD    ISLAND 

Charloitetown  : 

The  following  graduates  of  the  School  of 
Nursing  of  the  Prince  Edward  Island  Hos- 
pital have  recently  arrived  safely  in  Eng- 
land :  Bessie  MacKenzie,  Mae  Heartz, 
Marion  Bernard,  Doris  MacDonald,  Anne 
Rodgerson,  Hattie  MacLaine,  Georgina 
Thompson,  Helen  Wood.  The  following 
graduates  have  volunteered  for  service  in 
South  Africa,  and  are  expecting  to  leave 
in  the  near  future:  Norma  Aj-ers,  Marjorie 
Cox. 

Miss  Eileen  Howard  and  Miss  Ruth 
Toombs  have  recently  been  appointed  to  the 
staff   of   the    Provincial    Sanitorium. 


QUEBEC 


Montreal: 

Montreal  General  Hospital: 

Miss  Eardley  Wilmot  (1938)  has  been  ap- 
pointed to  the  staff  of  the  Jeffery  Hale's 
Hospital,  Quebec.  Miss  E.  M.  Eagleson 
(1941)  has  been  appointed  to  the  staff  of 
the  Children's  Memorial  Hospital,  Montreal. 
Miss  Beatrice  Adam  (1941)  has  been  ap- 
pointed to  the  staff  of  the  Montreal  Child- 
ren's Hospital.  Miss  Amy  Briard  (1940)  has 

VoL  38,  No.  1 


NEWS   NOTES 


59 


been  appointed  to  the  staff  of  Arvida  Hos- 
pital, Arvida.  Miss  Edith  Harrison  (1941) 
and  Miss  Frances  A.  M.  Fraser  (1941),  are 
both  doing  floor  duty  at  the  Western  Divi- 
sion, Montreal.  Miss  Carmen  Budd  (1923) 
has  resigned  her  position  in  the  investigation 
branch,  out-patients  department  of  the  Mont- 
real General  Hospital.  Miss  Ethel  Grindley 
(1935)  has  accepted  a  position  with  the 
Victorian  Order  of  Nurses  in  Toronto. 

The  followmg  marriages  have  recently 
taken  place:  Miss  Anna  D.  Brown  (1941) 
to  Mr.  Henry  R.  Stoker;  Miss  Rose  Harris 
(1941)  to  Mr.  Roland  Carrier;  Miss  Stella 
Pearl  (1937)  to  Dr.  Phillip  Gituick. 

Royal   Victoria  Hosfital: 

At  the  December  meeting  of  the  Alumnae 
Association  the  guest  speaker  was  Dr. 
Wilder  Pen  field  who  gave  an  interesting 
address,  his  topic  being  "Afterthoughts  of 
a    Medical    Mission    to    Great    Britain". 

Miss  Margaret  Baillie  (R.V.H.,  1940)  has 
returned  from  Bermuda  and  is  doing  private 
duty  in  Kingston.  Miss  Mildred  Goodill 
(R.V.H.,  194U)  has  been  accepted  for  ac- 
tive service  in   South  Africa. 

Miss  Cathryn  Cummings  (R.V.H.,  1941) 
has  succeeded  Miss  Elizabeth  Stewart  as 
head  nurse  in  the  women's  medical  ward. 
Miss  Stewart  is  now  in  charge  of  the  cys- 
tocospy  room  in  the  urological  department, 
in  place  of  Miss  Helen  Murphy,  who  has 
resigned.  Miss  Nancy  Hurst  (R.V.H., 
1939)  is  assistant  night  supervisor  in  the 
main  building,  replacing  Miss  Rhoda  Stewart 
who  resigned  to  be  married.  The  following 
marriages  have  recently  taken  place :  Miss 
Edwina  Matheson  (R.V.H..  1940)  to  Mr. 
Charles  L.  Hudson;  Miss  Janet  Gordon 
(R.V.H.,  1941)  to  Mr.  Roderick  Sylvester 
Rob.son;  Miss  Rhoda  Stewart  (R.V.H., 
1936)  to  Flight  Lieut.  George  David  Col- 
bick. 


McGill  School  for  Graduate  Nurses: 

A  regular  meeting  of  the  Alumnae  Associa- 
tion of  the  McGill  School  for  Graduate 
Nurses  was  held  recently.  Following  the 
business,  the  class  of  1941-42  were  guests  of 
the  Alumnae  Association  at  a  social  evening. 
The  occasion  was  honoured  bv  the  presence 
of  Miss  Elizabeth  L.  Smellie,  Matron-in- 
Chief,   R.C.A.M.C. 

Mrs.  Jessie  E.  Porteous  (Administration, 
1939-40),  who  is  with  the  Roval  Canadian 
Air  Force  Nursing  Service  in  Saskatchewan, 
was  a  recent  visitor  at  the   School. 


5ASKATCHEWAN 

Saskatoon  : 

The  monthly  meeting  of  the  Saskatoon 
Registered  Nurses  Association  was  held  on 
December  1,  with  Miss  E.  Fendley  presiding. 
JANUARY,  1947 


■ 

■ 
D 

B 
B 
B 
B 
B 
B 

■ 

n 


BABY'S  OWN  Tablets 


□  ARE 


GENTLE  . 
RELIABLE. 


PLEASANT 
EFFECTIVE 


■ 
■ 


B 


the     necessary    essentials     for    any     laxa- 
tive   for    babies. 

Also  excellent  for  relieving  simple  fever 
and  other  disturbances  that  so  often  ac- 
company the  teething  period. 
Good  too,  for  helping  overcome  upset  sto- 
mach and  other  minor  ills  of  babyhood. 
Remember,  Baby's  Own  Tablets  are  clini^ 
cally  tested.  Their  dosage  has  been  ar- 
ranged to  meet  the  needs  of  infants'  de- 
licate systems.  They  are  mild  and  gentle, 
and  contain  no  opiates  of  any  kind.  Over 
forty  years  of  increasing  use  has  proved 
them    to   be    dependable    and    trustworthy. 

I  DBDaDBDaDBDBDBDBDB 


DOCTORS'  and  NURSES' 
DIRECTORY 

212  Balmoral  St.,  Winnipeg 

A  Directory  for: 

Doctors,  and  Registered  Nurses 

Victorian  Order  of  Nurses 

(night  calls,  Sundays,  and  holidays 

ONLY) 

Practical  Nurses 

Twenty-four  hour  service. 

P.  Brownbll,  Rbo.    N.,    Rboistrar 


SYMPATHETIC 

TO  THE  MOST 

DELICATE 

DIGESTION 


Strengthening,  soothing,  sa- 
tisfying, VI-TONE  is  a  boon 
to  nurses  and  dietitians.  Easy 
to    prepare    —    hot    or    cold. 


VI-TONE 


RICH   IN   readily     AVAILABLE    IRON 
An     all     Canadian     Product 


60 


THE    CANADIAN   NURSE 


The  American  Hospital  Bureau 

1823  Empire  State  Building 
New  York  City 

Offers  to  Hospitals  in  Canada  and  the 
United  States  a  professional  placement 
service  for  Hospital  and  Nursing:  School 
Admin'straters,  Instructors,  Supervisors, 
Anaesthetists,  Dietitians,  Technicians,  and 
General  Dn^y  Nnrses.  All  credentials  per- 
sonally verified, 

C.  M.  Powell,  R.  N.,  Director 


WHERE  IS  THAT  JOURNAL? 

I  can't  find  it  anywhere. 
Did  I  forget  to  renew 

my  subscription? 
Yes,  dear  lady,  you  did. 
Send  two  dollars  at  once  to 

The  Canadian  Nurse 

1411   Crescent  St.,  MontreaL 


Plans  for  a  refresher  course  for  married 
and  inactive  nurses  were  reported  to  be 
well  under  way.  An  interesting  address  on 
anaesthetics   was   given  by    Dr.    Burwash. 

On  October  29  a  tea  was  held  at  the  Sas- 
katoon City  Hospital  and  all  members  of 
the  nursing  staff  were  given  an  opportunity 
to  say  farewell  to  the  director  of  nursing, 
Miss  Edith  Amas.  Miss  Amas  is  now  on 
military  service  and  has  been  granted  leave 
of  absence  for  the  duration  of  the  war.  She 
will  be  sorely  missed  because  for  the  past 
eleven  years  she  has  been  on  the  staff  of  the 
Saskatoon  City  Hospital,  first  as  instructor 
and  later  as  director  of  nursing. 

Miss  H.  Bright,  a  graduate  of  Regina 
General  Hospital,  and  of  the  McGill  School 
for  Graduate  Nurses,  who  has  been  super- 
vising on  the  staff  of  the  Saskatoon  City 
Hospital  for  the  past  three  years,  has  also 
resigned  and  is  now  on  active  service. 

Miss  K.  McLean,  a  graduate  of  Ottawa 
Civic  Hospital,  and  of  the  McGill  School  for 
Graduate    Nurses,    who   has    been    with    the 


Saskatoon  City  Hospital  since  June,  has  also 
resigned  and  is  now  on  active   service. 

With  cordial  good  wishes  from  the  nurses 
of  Saskatchewan,  the  following  Nursing  Sis- 
ters recently  left  the  province,  on  the 
strength  of  No.  8  General  Hospital :  Nursing 
Sisters  E.  Amas,  E.  Andreas,  L.  F.  Apple- 
ton,  D.  F.  Ballantine,  I.  A.  Breakey,  M.  L. 
Clift,  F.  M.  Copeman,  A.  E.  Cromwell,  L. 
H.  Dahl.  F.  E.  Gannon,  C.  C.  J.  Getty,  M. 
E.  Gleadow,  P.  M.  Gordon,  H.  M.  Har- 
greaves,  D.  H.  King,  G.  A.  Keohane,  M.  A. 
Kerr,  C.  T.  Lettner,  A.  Meadows,  J.  M. 
Morton,  K.  M.  Morton,  S.  C.  MacRae,  P. 
E.  McCarthy,  L.  C.  McKenzie,  A.  D.  Potts, 
D.  M.  Riches,  M.  B.  Spohn,  M.  I.  Thomp- 
son, F.  E.  Welsh,  L.  M.  Young. 

With  Nursing  Sister  Christina  Macdonald 
in  charge,  a  number  of  nurses  from  Sas- 
katchewan have  enrolled  for  military  service 
in  South  Africa. 

Miss  Dorothy  Duff  (S.C.H.)  has  recently 
been  appointed  senior  instructor  at  the  Sas- 
katoon  City   Hospital. 


Dosage : 

I  to  2  capsules  3  or  4  times 
daily.  Supplied  only  in  pack- 
ages of  20  capsules.  Literature 
on  request. 


A  Menstrual  Regulator  .  .  . 

When  the  periods  are  irregular,  due  to  constitutional 
causes,  Ergoapiol  (Smith)  is  a  reliable  prescription. 
In  cases  of  Amenorrhea,  Dysmenorrhea,  Menorrhagia 
and  Metrorrhagia,  Ergoapiol  serves  as  a  good  uterine 
tonic  and  hemostatic  and  is  valuable  for  the  men- 
strual irregularity  of  the  Menopause.  Prescribed  by 
physicians  throughout  the  world. 

MARTIIV  H.  SMITH  CO.  IVew  York,  IV.  Y. 


Vol.  38,  No.  1 


NEWS  NOTES 


61 


Yorkton: 

Miss  Lyle  Appleton,  medical  and  surgical 
supervisor  of  the  Y.Q.V.H.  School  of 
Nursing,  recently  received  an  appointment 
as  Nursing  Sister  in  the  R.C.A.M.C.  She  is 
a  graduate  of  the  Toronto  General  Hospital 
and  of  the  School  of  Nursing,  University  of 
Toronto.  Miss  Lorna  Halpenny,  superinten- 
dent of  the  Y.Q.V.H.,  recently  entertained 
at  a  tea  in  her  honour  and  a  presentation 
was  made  on  behalf  of  the  staff  who 
gathered  to  express  their  regret  at  her  de- 
parture, and  to  assure  her  of  their  continued 
interest  and  best  wishes. 

The  graduate  nurses  of  Yorkton  and  dis- 
trict recently  formed  a  group  to  be  known 
as  the  Yorkton  Volunteer  Nurses  Associa- 
tion for  the  purpose  of  preparing  for  emer- 
gency and  of  assisting  the  Red  Cross.  Mrs. 
Darroch  is  the  president  and  Miss  A.  Dyck 
is  secretary-treasurer.  The  staff  and  general 
duty  nurses  of  the  Y.Q.V.H.  have  set  aside 
Monday  night  for  the  purpose  of  knitting 
for  the  Red  Cross.  A  penalty  of  ten  cents  is 
charged  each  absentee. 

The  following  marriages  have  recently 
taken  place:  Miss  Margaret  Boake  (Y.Q.V. 
H.,  1940)  to  A/C  Evans  Hill,  R.C.A.F. ; 
Miss  Jean  Dodds  (Y.Q.V.H.,  1940)  to  Mr. 
Clifford  Pettit. 

Regina: 

Regina  General  Hospital: 

Victoria  Antonini  (R.G.H.,  1939),  winner 
of  the  Carss  Memorial  Scholarship,  has  re- 
turned from  a  year's  postgraduate  course  at 
the  School  for  Graduate  Nurses,  McGill 
Universitv,  and  the  Hospital  for  Sick  Chil- 
dren, Toronto.  She  has  been  appointed  su- 
pervisor of  the  pediatric  department. 


Betsy  Reierson  (R.G.H.,  1939),  also  a 
winner  of  the  Carss  Scholarship  is  now  at 
the  School  for  Graduate  Nurses,  McGill 
University,  where  she  has  registered  for  the 
course  in  teaching  and  supervision  in  schools 
of  nursing.  Hester  Lusted  (R.G.H.,  1938) 
and  Catherine  Ross  (R.G.H.,  1940)  are 
taking  the  public  health  nursing  course  at 
the  McGill  School  for  Graduate  Nurses. 
Hildegard  Meier  (R.G.H.,  1936)  is  taking 
the  public  health  nursing  course  at  the 
Toronto  University  School  of  Nursing. 

The  following  Nursing  Sisters,  who  are 
graduates  of  the  Regina  General  Hospital, 
are  now  on  active  service :  Frances  Cope- 
man,  Elizabeth  Andreas,  Marjorie  Dolsen, 
Marjorie  Winter,  Ruth  McPherson,  Lillian 
Dahl,  Marion  Thompson,  Kate  Morton, 
Dorothy  King,  Gertrude  Keohane,  Katherine 
Baker,  Betty  Langstaff,  Helen  Hargreaves, 
Esther  Higgs,  Lillian  Carey,  Mabel  Seaman, 
Ruth  White,  Florence  Welsh,  Pearl  Gordon, 
Anna  Mclsaac. 


NEWFOUNDLAND 

St.  John's: 

The  Newfoundland  Graduate  Nurses  As- 
sociation recently  held  its  regular  meeting 
at  the  Child  Welfare  Centre.  The  speaker 
for  the  evening.  Dr.  James  St.  Pierre 
Knight,  was  introduced  by  the  vice-president 
Miss  Annie  Bishop.  Dr.  Knight's  subject 
was  emergencies  in  war  time.  The  doctor 
pointed  out  the  necessity  of  being  ready  to 
handle  such  emergencies  at  a  moment's 
notice.  To  do  this,  cooperation  and  organ- 
ization were  of  the  utmost  importance.  Help 
given  by  nurses  in  such  a  program  was 
definitely  stressed  by  the  speaker.  A  vote 
of  thanks  was  expressed  by  Miss  Estelle 
Barter. 


Toronto  Western  Hospital 


The  members  of  the  Toronto  Western 
Hospital  -Mumnae  Association  who  attended 
a  recent  meeting  were  given  a  real  treat 
when  Miss  Beatrice  Alunro,  of  London, 
England,  gave  us  a  first-hand  description  of 
work  on  a  farm  in  England,  followed  by 
nights^  of  ambulance  driving  during  the  big 
"blitz"  in  London  last  year.  Our  admiration 
of  the  British  w^omen  in  the  war,  if  possible, 
grew   apace. 

Mrs.  Norman  Stephens,  president  of  the 
Local  Council  of  Women,  also  spoke  on  the 
War   Savings  campaign. 


At  the  autumn  tea  of  the  Toronto  Western 
Hospital  .\lumnae  Association  the  guests 
were  received  by  Airs.  Douglas  Chant,  pres- 
ident of  the  Association,  and  Miss  Beatrice 
Ellis,  principal  of  the  School  of  Nursing. 
This  very  successful  event  was  arranged  by 
the  social  convener,  Mrs.  James  Miller,  and 
her  committee.  The  many  booths  proved 
their  popularity  by  early  disposal  of  their 
wares.  Old  acquaintances  were  renewed  and 
new  acquaintances  made  at  this  increasingly 
popular  annual   event. 


JANUARY,  1942 


Rendezvous 

August  y  1941 

Sea-gull,  did  you  see  them — battleships  of  grey 
Met  in  no-man' s-waterl  Did  you  pass  that  way? 
You  ivho  over  oceans  shriek  your  travellers'  tales. 
Did  you  see  "Augusta"  meet  ivith  "Prince  of  Wales?" 

Sea-gull,  did  you  watch  them 

Sail  so  silently 
Eastivard,  Westward,  Try  sting? 

Sea-gull,  did  you  see 
Stars  and  Stripes  and  Ensign, 

Each  man's  oriflammel 
Did  you  see  the  Bull  Dog 

Meet  ivith  Uncle  Sam? 
Did  you  see  the  ivarship 

Pass  the  convoy  by, 
Laden  ship  and  escort 

Dark  against  the  sky? 
Did  you  hear  the  whisper, 

"Churchill  passes  here!" 
Did  you  see  the  signal? 

Did  you  hear  them  cheer"! 

"By  wind  and  by  water,  through  storm-clouds  I  fly; 
My  floor  is  the  ocean,  my  roof -tree  the  sky! 
Ayid  I,  the  ivhite  sea-gull,  saw  Churchill  sail  by." 

"I  wheeled  and  I  circled  and  further  I  flew. 

Where  sky-ioay  and  sea-ivay  tvere  burning  and  blue! 

I  watched  the  pale  daiun-mists  till  Roosevelt  sailed  through." 

"When  grey  ship  met  grey  ship  I  fleiv  overhead, 

Wheyi  Old  World  met  New  World  I  heard  what  they  said. 

I  umtched  them — a  sea-gull  with  pinions  ividespread." 

"I  heard  what  was  ivhispered,  I  saw  what  befell, 

And  that  is  my  secret.  Yet  this  I  can  tell, 

I  heard  a  man  call  from  the  masthead,  All's  Well!" 

— Audrey  Brooke 

See  fagc    1  2  The  Deanery ^  Cape  Town 


Vol.  38,  No.  1 


Official  Directory 

International    Council   of   Nurset 
AcUbc   BzMatlTe  Sacretair.   Min   Calista    P.   Banwarth,   SIO   Cedar  Street,    New    Haven. 

Connecticut,  U.  S.  A. 

THE  CANADIAN  NURSES  ASSOCIATION 

PtMidMU. Miss  Grace   M.   FaJrley,   Vancouver  General   Hospital,   Vancouver,   B.C. 

Pmi  President  Nfiss  Ruby   M.   Simpson,    Department   of    Health.    Parliament   Buildings,    Retina.   Sask. 

Rr«t  Vice-President Miss   Elizabeth    L.    Smellie.    Department    of    National    Defence.    Ottawa,    Ont. 

Second    Vice-President    Miss    Marion    Lindeburgrh,    School    for    Graduate    Nurses.     MrGill    UniversJtr, 

Montreal,    P.    Q. 

Honourary  Secretary   Miss   Kathleen   I.   Sanderson,    lins   Park   Drive.    Vancouver,   B.C 

Honourary  Treasurer   Miss    A.   J.    MacMaster,    Moncton    Hospital,    Moncton,   N.B. 

COUNCILLORS  AND  OTHER  MEMBERS  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 

Numerals   indicate   office    held:    (I)    Pretident,    Provincial    Nurxes    Axsociation; 

{t)Chairman,  Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing  Section;    (3)   Chairman,   Public 

Healtk    Section;     (4)    Chairman,    General    Nursing    Section. 

Alberta:    (1)    Miss  Rae  Chitticl{.815-18th    Ave.   W.,  Ontario:    (1)    Miss    Jean    L.    Church,    120    Strath- 

Calffary;    (2)   Miss   Helen   S.   Peters.   University  cona     .Ave.,    Ottawa;     (2)     Mi.ss    L.    D.    Acton, 

of  Alberta    Hospital.    Edmonton;    (3)    Miss   Au-  General   Haopital,   Kingston;    (3)    Miss  G.  Ross, 

drey    Diclc,     York     Hotel,     Calgary;     (4)     Miss  15    Queen's    Park    Crescent,    Toronto;    (4)    Miss 

Leona    Hennlg.    305    Bank    of    Toronto    Bldg.,  D.  Ogilvie.   34  Gilchrist  Ave.,  Ottawa. 

'"*'  Prince    Edward    Island:    (1)    Miss    K.    MacLennan, 

British  Columbia:  '1)  Miss  M.  Duffield,  1673  West  Provincial  Sanatorium.  Charlottetown ;  (2)  Miss 
lOth  Ave..  Vancouver;  (2)  Miss  F.  McQuarrie,  Georgie  Brown,  Prince  County  Hospital.  Sum- 
Vancouver  General  Hospital;  (3)  Miss  F.  nierside;  (3)  Miss  M.  Darling.  Alberton;  (4) 
Innes  1022  Adanac  St.,  Vancouver;  (4)  Mrs.  Miss  D.  Hennessey,  Charlottetown  Hospital, 
J.     F."    Hansom,     1178     Esquimau     Ave.,    West  Chariottetown. 

Vancouver.  Quebec:    'I)   Miss  E.  Flanagan,     3801     University 

.    ,         .  V    ...        .     ..  <r         »r « VT      »r  J-     1  Street.  Montreal;   (2)  Miss  M.  Batson,  Montreal 

Manitob.:    (1)  J^    A.  McKee,    V.O.N.    Medical  General     Hospital;     (3)     Miss     A.     Martineau, 

Arts   Bldg..   Winnipeg;    (2)    Miss  D    Ditchfield.  ^     ^    of    Health,   City   of   Montreal;    (4)    Miss 

Cluldren's    Hospital,    Winnipeg;     '3)     Miss     F  ^    j^    Robert,  5484-A  St.  Denis  St..  MontreaL 
King.    Ste.    1.    Greysolon    Apts.,    Winnipeg;    ( t) 

Miss  C.   Bourgeault.   St.   Boniface   Hospital,   St.  Saskatchewan:    (l)    Miss  Matilda  Diederichs,  Regi- 

Boniface.  na  Grey  Nuns  Hospital;   (2)  Miss  A.  F.  Lawrie. 

Regina  General  Hospital;    '3)   Miss  Gladys  Mc- 

New    Brunswick:     (1)     Sister    Kerr.     Hotel     Dieu  Donald.   6   Mayfair  Apts.,   Regina;    '4)    Miss  R. 

Hospital.  Campbellton;   (t)  Miss  Marian  Mjrers,  Wozny.  2216  Smith  St..  Regina. 

Saint  John   General   Hospital;    (3)    Miss  A.   A.  .                          .   „      .          „       ...        ^   ^  ..     , 

Burns.    Health    Centre,    Saint    John;    (4)    Miss  Chairmen,   National  Sections:   Hospital  and  School 

Myrtle    E.    Kay.    21    Austin    St..   Moncton.  of    Nursing:    Miss    B.    Anderson.    Ottawa    Civic 

*  Hospital.  Public  Health:  Miss  M.  Kerr,  Eburne, 

Nova  Scotia:     (1)    Miss    M.    Jenkins,    The    Child-  B.C.    General    Nursing:    Miss    M.    Baker,    J49 

ren's  Hospital,  Halifax;   (2)  Sister  Mary  Peter,  Victoria  St..  London.  Convener.  Committee  on 

St.    Martha's    Hospital,    Antigonish ;     (3)     Miss  Nursing      Education:      Miss      M.      Lindeburgh, 

Jean    Forbes,    314   Roy   Building.    Halifax:    (4)  School    for    Graduate    Nurses,    McGill    Univer- 

Miss  G.   Porter.   115   South   Park  St..    Halifax.  sity.    Montreal. 

Executive  Secrewry:    Miss  Jean  S.  Wilson,   National   Office,   1411    Crescent   St.,   Montreal,   P.Q. 
OFFICERS   OF   SECTIONS   OF    CANADIAN    NURSES    ASSOCIATION 

Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing  Section  Councjllors:  Alberta :  Miss  L.   Hennig,   305   Bank 
"^                                         '                   "  of  Toronto   Bldg.,   Edmonton.     British  Columbia: 
...      T^.       V.      .     ,              ^A.1           ^-   ■  Mrs.     J.     F.     Hansom,     1178     Esquimalt     Ave. 
Chairman:  Miss  Blanche  Anderson.  Ottawa  Civic  ^y^g^     Vancouver.      Manitoba:     Miss     C.     Bour- 
Hospital.      First    Vice-Chairman :    Miss    E.    G.  geault.  St.  Boniface  Hospital.  St.  Boniface.  New 
McNally.    General    Hospital,    Brandon.    Second  Brunswick:  Miss  Myrtle  E.  Kay.   21   Austin  St.. 
Vice-chairman:     Miss     M       Batson,     Montreal  Moncton.      Nova    Scotia:    Miss    G.    Porter,     115 
General     Hospital.     Secretary-Treasurer:     Miss  g^^^^    p^^k    St.,    Halifax.     Ontario:    Miss    D. 
W.   Cooke.    Ottawa   Civic    Hospital.  Ogilvie.    34   Gilchrist   Ave..   Ottawa.    Prince   Ed- 
ward   Island:    Miss    Dorothy    Hennessey,    Char- 
CouKCiLLORS :  Alberta:  Miss  H.  S.   Peters,  Univer-  lottetown      Hospital.      Charlottetown.      Quebec: 
city  Hospital,  Edmonton.  British  Columbia:  Miss  Miss  A.  M.  Robert,  5484-A  St.  Denis  St.,  Mont- 
F.     McQuarrie,     Vancouver    General     Hospital.  ,eal.    Saskatchewan:  Miss  R.  Wozny,  2218  Smith 
Manitoba:    Miss    D.    Ditchfield.    Children's    Hos-  St..  Regina. 
pital,   Winnipeg.     New   Brunswick:   Miss   Marion  "               n    1 1-      ww     t  t     o 
Myers,     Saint    John     General     Hospital.     Nova  Publtc   Health   Section 
Scotia:  Sister  Marj'  Peter.  St.  Joseph's  Hospital,  Chairman:    Miss    M.    Kerr.    Eburne.    B.C.    Vice- 
Glace   Bay.     Ontario:    Miss   L.   D.    Acton,    King-  Chairman:    Miss    W.    Dawson.    Health    Centre, 
ston   General   Hospital.      Prmce    Edward    Island :  gaint  John,   N.B.   Secretary-Treasurer:   Miss   L. 
Miss   Georgie    Brown,    Prince   County    Hospital.  Creelman.    2570    Spruce   St.,    Vancouver,    B.C. 
Summerside.  Quebec:  Miss  M.  Batson.  Montreal  ^ ,,             ,,.         .     ,          _,.  ,      „     . 
General    Hospital.      Saskatchewan:    Miss    A.    F.  Councillors:    Alberta:    Miss    Audrey    Dick,    York 
Lawrie,    Regina   General    Hospital.  Hotel.  Calgary.  British  Columbia:  Miss  F.  Innes. 

1922  Adanac  St.,  Vancouver.  Manitoba:  Miss  F. 

King.   Ste.    l.   Greysolon    Apts..   Winnipeg.   New 

General  Nursing  Section  Brimswick:  Miss  A.  Burns,  Health  Centre,  Saiirt 

John.    Nova  Scotia:  Miss  Jean  Forbes.   314  R03 

CHAniMAN:  Miss  M.  Baker.  249  Victoria  St..  Lon-  Bldg.,     Halifax.      Ontario:     Miss     G.     Ross,     U 

don,  Ont.    First  Vice-Chairman:  Miss  F.  M.  H.  Queen's    Park    Cres.,    Toronto.     Prince    Edwai* 

Brown.  Wolfville,  N.S.    Second  Vice-Chairman:  Island:      Miss      Margaret      Darling,      Alberton. 

Miss  P.  Brownell.   212  Balmoral  St.,  Winnipeg,  Quebec:   Mile    A.    Martineau,    Dept.   of    Health, 

Man.     Secretary-Treasurer:     Miss     A.     Conroy.  City    of    Montreal.    Saskatchewan:    Miss    Gladys 

404  Regent  St..  London,  Ont.  McDonald,  6  Mayfair  Apts.,  Regina. 

6S 


Provincial  Associations  of  Registered  Nurses 


ALBERTA 

Alberta    Association    of    Registered    NursM 

I'resident.  Miss  Rae  CTiittick,  815-18th  Ave.  W.. 
CaUrary ;  First  Vice-Pies.,  Mi.ss  Catlierine  M. 
Clibborn.  University  of  Alberta  Hospital,  Ed- 
monton ;  Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Sister  M.  Beatrice,  St. 
Michael's  Hospital,  Lethbridge ;  Secretary-Treas- 
urer &  Registrar,  Mrs.  A.  E.  Vango,  St.  Ste- 
phen's Collegre,  Edmonton;  CcmnciUors:  Mi*s 
Margaret  D.  McLean.  Hiss  Helen  S.  Peters,  Miss 
Audrey  Dick.  Miss  Leona  Hennig;  Chairmen  of 
Sections:  General  Nursing,  Miss  Leona  Hennig. 
805  Bank  of  Toronto  Bldg..  Edmonton  ;  Hospital 
&  School  of  Nursiiig.  Miss  Helen  S.  Peters,  Uni- 
versity of  Alberta  Hospital.  Edmonton;  Public 
Health,  Miss  Audrey  Dick,  York  Hotel,  Calgary; 
Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Violet  Chap- 
man.   Royal    Alexandra    Hospital,    Edmonton. 

Ponoka     District,     No.     2,     Alberta    Association     of 
Registered   Nurses 

Chairman.  Miss  Margaret  McLean;  Vice-Chair- 
man.  Miss  Karen  Westeilund;  Secretary-Treas- 
urer, Miss  Margaret  Tamblyn.  Provincial  Mental 
Hospital.  Ponoka;  Reirrexentntive  to  The  Cana- 
dian   Nurse,    Miss   Nessa    Leckie. 

Calgary     District.     No.     3,     Alberta     Association     of 
Registeri.  d    Nurses 

Chairman.  Miss  K.  Connor.  Central  Alta. 
Sanatorium:  Vice  Chairman.  Miss  C.  Fei.sel,  Holy 
Cross  Hospital;  Sec,  Miss  M.  Richards,  Holjr 
Cross  Hospital:  Treas.,  Miss  M.  Watt,  City 
Health  Dept.;  Conveners  of  Sections:  Hospital 
tc  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  J.  Connal,  0«n. 
Hospital;  PubUc  Health,  Miss  A.  Dick,  aty 
Health  Dept.;  General  Nursing,  Miss  D.  Cannon, 
Gen.    liospital. 

Medicine    Hat    District,    No.    4,    Alberta    Association 
of    Registered    Nurses 

Chairman.  Miss  C.  E.  Mary  Rovvles.  Medicine 
Hat  General  Hospital;  Vice-Chairman.  Miss  M. 
Hagerman.  Y.W.C.A..  Medicine  Hat;  Secretary- 
Treasurer.  Miss  M.  M.  Webster,  .^.'is  Fourth 
Street.  Medicine  Hat;  Entertainment  Com- 
mittee: Miss  Oreen,  Miss  Weeks.  Mrs.  D. 
Fawcett. 

Edmonton    District.    No.    7,    Alberta    Association    of 
Registered    Nurses 

Chairman.  Miss  Ida  Johnson:  First  Vice- 
Chairman.  Miss  C.  Clibborn;  Sec.  Vice-Chairman. 
Sister  Mayer;  Sec.  Miss  H.  Bamforth.  Royal 
.\lexandra  Hospital,  Edmonton ;  Treas..  Miss  E. 
Porritt:  Committee  Conveners:  Program,  Miss  E. 
Cushing;  Membership,  Miss  M.  Dennison;  Re- 
presentatives to:  Local  Council  of  Women,  Miss 
V.  Chapman ;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  E. 
Perkins. 

Lethbridge  District.  No.  8,  Alberta  Association  of 
Registered  Nurses 
Cliairman.  Miss  .lean  MacKenzie.  1120  Sixth 
Avenue.  South.  Lethbridge;  Vice-Chairman.  Mi.ss 
Ann  Kostuik;  Secretary.  Miss  Marjorie  Bair. 
Gait  Hospital.  I^thbrid?e:  Treasurer.  Miss  Ruth 
Hooper. 

BRITISH   COLUMBIA 

Registered    Nurses    Association    of    British    Columbia 

President,  Miss  M.  Duffielrl.  Ifi75  lOth  Ave. 
W..  Vancouver;  FMrst  Vice-President.  Miss  M. 
E.    Kerr:    Sec.   Vice-President.   Miss   O.   M.    Falr- 

64 


ley;  Secretary.  Miss  P.  Capelle.  Rm.  T15.  Van- 
couver Block,  Vancouver;  Registrar,  Miss  Evelyn 
Maliory,  Rm.  715,  Vancouver  Block,  Vancouver: 
Cuuiuiiiors:  Miss  E.  Clark.  Miss  L.  Creelman. 
Sr.  Columkille,  Sr.  M.  Gregory,  Miss  F.  H. 
Walker;  Conveners  of  Sections:  Hospital  h 
School  of  Nursing.  Miss  F.  McQuarrie,  Vancou- 
ver General  Hospital:  Public  Health.  Miss  V. 
Innes,  ia22  Adai.ac  St..  Vancouver;  General 
Nursing.  Mrs.  J.  h.  Hansom.  1178  EsQuimalt 
Ave.,  West  Vancouver;  Press.  Miss  L.  M.  Dryt 
dale.    5851    West   Boulevard.    Vancouver. 

MANITOBA 

Manitoba     Association     of     Registered     Nur*«« 

President.  Miss  A.  McKee,  V.O.N..  Medical 
Arts  Bldg..  Winnipeg:  First  Vice-Pres..  MissB- 
McNally,  General  Hospital.  Brandon;  Sec  Vice 
Pres..  Miss  I.  McDiannid.  .303  I.aiigside  St..  Win- 
nipeg;  Hon.  Sec,  Mrs.  H.  Copeland.  Miserlcordia 
Hospital.  Winnipeg;  Members  of  Board:  Major 
P.  Payton,  Grace  Hospital.  Winnipeg:  Miss  W. 
Grice,  St.  Boniface  Out-Patient  Dept.;  Rev.  Slstei 
Breux.  St.  Boniface  Hospital:  Miss  L.  Stewart. 
168  Chestnut  St..  Winnipeg;  Miss  H.  Coram.  171 
Chestnut  St..  Winnipeg;  Miss  P.  Hart,  Mellta: 
Miss  C.  Lynch.  Winnipeg  General  Hospital;  Miss 
L.  Nordquist.  Carman  General  liospital;  Con 
veners  of  Sections:  Hospital  ft  School  of  Nursing, 
Miss  D.  Ditchfield.  Children's  Ho.spital.  WinnI 
peg;  General  Nursing,  Miss  C.  Bourgeault.  St. 
Boniface  Hospital:  Public  Health,  Miss  I"".  King. 
.Ste.  1.  Greysolon  Apts..  Winnipeg;  Committee 
Conveners:  histrurtors  Group,  Mrs.  Copeland. 
Miserlcordia  Hospital.  Winnipeg;  Social.  Mi.ss  L. 
Kelly.  753  WoKseley  Ave..  Winnipeg;  Visitino. 
Miss  J.  Stothart.  320  .Sherhrooke  St..  Winnipeg; 
Membership,  Miss  A.  Danilevitch.  St.  Boniface 
Out-Patient  Dept.;  Nightingale  Memorial  Fund, 
Miss  Z.  Beattie.  St.  Bonif.ice  Hospital:  Repre 
sentatives  to:  Council  of  Social  Agencies,  Miss 
F.  Robertson.  753  Wolseley  Ave.,  Winnipeg;  Red 
Cross,  Miss  C.  Maddin,  Bureau  of  Child  tiygiene. 
Aberdeen  Ave.,  Winnipeg;  The  Canadian  Nurse, 
To  be  appointed:  Local  Council  of  Women.  Mrs. 
A.  L.  Wheeler.  Ste.  1.  221  Wellington  Cres.;  Red 
Cross  War  Council.  Miss  I.  Broadfoot,  2n  Anvers 
.Apts.,  Winnipeg;  Secretarj-Treasurer.  Mi.ss  Ger- 
trude  Hall.  212  Balmoral  St.,  Winnipeg. 

NEW   BRUNSWICK 

New  Brunswick  Association  of  Registered  Nura«a 
Pres..  Sister  Kerr,  Hotel  Dieu  liospital, 
Campbellton;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  A.  J.  Mac- 
Master;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  L.  Smith;  Hon. 
Sec,  Miss  L.  Bart.sch;  Councillors:  Mrs.  G.  E. 
van  Dorsser.  Saint  John;  Miss  D.  Parsons, 
Fredericton ;  Sister  Anne  del'aradis,  Moncton; 
Miss  B.  M.  Hadrill.  Newcastle;  Miss  I,.  Bartsch, 
Saint  John:  Mi.sses  R.  Follis.  M.  McMullen.  St. 
Stephen ;  Miss  E.  M.  Tulloch.  Woodstock ;  See- 
Treas. -Registrar.  Miss  Alm.a  Law.  iiealth  Cen- 
tre. Saint  John;  Conveners  of  Sections:  Hospital 
&  School  of  Nursinrj,  Miss  M.  Myers;  General 
Nursing,  Miss  M.  Kay;  Public  Health,  Mi.ss  A. 
A.  Burns;  Conveners  of  Committees:  Legislation, 
Miss  B.  L.  Gregory;  Instruct  inn.  Miss  Boyd,  St. 
Stephen  ;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  H.  Cahill. 

NOVA   SCOTIA 

Registered  Nurses  Association  of  Nova  Siniia 
Pres..  Miss  Marjorie  Jenkins,  Children's  Hos- 
pital. Halifax;  First  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  D.  J.  Gillls, 
Windsor  Jet.;  Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  J.  Watkins, 
fiS  Henry  St.,  Halifax:  Third  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  A. 
E.  Fenton,  Dalhousie  P.  H.  Clinic.  Halifax;  Rec. 
Sec,  Mrs.  C.  W.  Bennett.  98  Edward  St.,  Ha- 
lifax:  Reglstrar-Treasurer-Correspondinjr  Seoreta 


OFFICIAL    D  I  R  t  Cr  O  R  \' 


65 


ry.  Miss  Jean  C.  Dunning,  ♦IS  Dennis  Bldg.,  Hall- 
fax;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Flora 
Anderson.    General    Hospital,    Glace    Bay. 

ONTARIO 

Registered       Nurses       Association       of       Ontario 

President,  Miss  Jean  L.  Church;  First  Vice- 
President.  Miss  M.  1,  >^'alker;  Second  Vice- 
President.  Miss  J.  Masten :  Secretary-Treasurer. 
Miss  Matilda  E.  Fitzgerald.  Koom  630.  Physi- 
cians &  Surgreons  Bldg..  86  Bloor  St.  W..  To- 
ronto: Chairmen  of  Sections:  Hospital  &  School 
of  Nursing,  Miss  L.  D.  Acton.  General  Hospital, 
Kingston;  General  NtirsinQ.  Miss  D.  Ogilvie.  34 
Gilchrist  Ave.,  Ottawa:  Public  Health,  Miss  G. 
Ross.  1">  Queen's  Parle  Crescent.  Toronto:  Chair- 
men of  Districts:  Miss  J.  M.  Wilson,  Miss  W. 
Ashplant.  Miss  A.  Boyd.  Miss  A.  Bell.  Mis.i 
I.  Shaw,  Miss  A.  Baillie,  Miss  M.  Stewart.  Miss 
J,  Sniitli.  Miss  M.  Buss. 

District    1 

Chairman,  Miss  J.  Wilson;  First  Vice-Chair- 
inan.  Mrs.  C.  Salmon;  Sec.-Treas..  Miss  L. 
Steele.  .i3"  Talbot  St..  London :  Councillors  : 
Misses  Johns.  Baker.  Orr.  Precious.  An  lerson. 
Williamson.  Mrs.  Wilson:  Conveners:  Hospital 
&  School  of  Nursing.  Miss  M.  McPhedran ; 
Public  Health,  Miss  G.Cooper;  General  Nursino. 
Miss    H.    Parnell;    Enrolment,    Miss    I.    Bull. 


Districts    2    and    i 

Chairman,  Miss  W.  Ashplant;  First  Vice- 
Chairman.  Miss  M.  Bliss;  Sec.  Vice-Chairman. 
Mrs.  K.  Cowie;  Sec.-Treas..  Miss  H.  Muir,  Gen- 
eral Hospital.  Brantford;  Councillors:  Misses  E. 
Eby.  F.  McKenzie,  G.  Westbrook,  M.  Grieve,  C. 
Atwood,  L.  Trusdale. 


District    4 

Chairman.  Miss  A.  Boyd;  First  Vice-Chairman, 
Miss  M.  Buchanan;  Sec.  Vice-Chairman.  Miss 
E.  Ewart;  Sec.-Treas..  Miss  G.  Coulthart.  82 
Balmoral  Ave.  S.,  Hamilton;  Councillors:  Sr. 
M.  Grace,  Misses  Wright.  I.eMay.  Brewster. 
Macintosh.  Cameron;  Conveners:  Hospital  & 
School  of  Nursing,  Sr.  M.  Eileen;  Public  Health, 
Miss  A.  Oram;  General  Nursing,  Miss  S.  Murray. 

District  5 

Chairman.  Miss  A.  Bell;  First  Vice-Chair- 
man. Miss  K.  McN'amara;  Sec.  Mrs.  E.  Major, 
10  Bonnyview  Dr.,  Humber  Bay;  Treas.,  Mrs. 
R.  Challener;  Councillors:  Misses  G.  Jones,  R. 
Scott.  J.  Wallace.  J.  Mitchell,  G.  Versey.  I. 
Lawson ;  Committee  Conveners:  PnhUc  Health, 
Miss  L.  Pettigrew:  General  Nursing,  Miss  I. 
Lind'^av;  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss 
G.    Giles. 

District  0 

Chairman.  Miss  I.  Shaw;  First  Vice-Chair- 
man. Miss  M.  McKenzie;  Sec.  Vice-Chairman, 
Miss  Covert  ;  Sec.-Treas..  Miss  V.  Taylor. 
General  Hospital,  Cobourg;  Committee  Con- 
veners: Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  E. 
Young;  General  Nursing,  Miss  N.  DiCola; 
Public  Health,  Miss  Stewart;  Membership,  Miss 
N.  Brown:  Enrolment,  Miss  H.  Fitz|:erald: 
Finance,    Miss    F.    Fitzgerald. 

District  7 

Chairman.  Miss  A.  Baillie;  Vice-Chairman. 
Mi.ss  E.  Ardi'l;  Sec.-Treas.,  Miss  E.  Sharp. 
Kingston  General  Hospital:  Cnnvcillors:  Misses 
E.  Freeman.  V.  Manners,  E.  Moffatt.  P.  Gaven. 
HeT.      Sr.      Donovaa :       Conveners:       Snsmtai     h 


School  of  Nursing,  Miss  L.  .Acton;  General 
Nursing,  Miss  A.  Davis;  Public  Health,  Miss 
D.  Storms:  The  Canadian  Nurse.  Mi.ss  O.  Wilson. 

District  8 

Chairman.  Miss  M.  Stewart;  First  Vice-Chair- 
man, Rev.  Sr.  M.  Evangeline:  Sec.  Vice-Chair- 
man. Miss  P.  Walker:  Sec.-Treas..  .Mrs.  E.  M. 
Smith.  149  Laurier  Ave.  W..  Ottawa;  Councillors: 
Misses  V.  Beiier,  W.  Cooke.  M.  Lowry,  K.  McII- 
raith.  Mrs.  G.  Fraser;  Conveners:  Hospital  & 
School  of  Nursing,  Rev.  Sr.  St.  Godfrey;  General 
Nursing,  Mrs.  G.  Fraser;  Public  Health.  Mi.ss  F, 
Moroni:  Cornwall  Chapter,  Miss  M.  McWhinnie; 
Pembroke  Chapter.  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Evangeline:  The 
Canadian  Nur.<ie.  Miss  H.  Tanner. 

District    9 

Chairman.  .Miss  J.  Smith.  Gravenhurst;  First 
Vice-Chairman.  Miss  K.  MacKenzie,  North  Bay; 
Sec.  Vice-Chairman,  Miss  A.  McGregor.  Sault 
Ste.  Marie:  Sec.  Miss  F.  Ged  :is.  Plummer 
.Memorial  Hospital.  Sault  Ste.  .Marie;  Treas.. 
Miss  R.  Buchanan,  Sanitarium  P.  O. ;  Conveners: 
Public  Health.  .Miss  H.  E.  Smith.  New  Liskeard; 
Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  \.  Riordan, 
Sudbury;  General  Nursing,  Mrs.  E.  Sheridan. 
Sudbury;  The  Canadian  Nurse.  Sr.  Teresa  of 
the   Sacred    Heart.   Sault  Ste.   Marie. 

District  10 

Chairman.  .Miss  .M.  Buss.  The  Sanatoiiuni.  Fort 
William;  Vice  Chairman.  Miss  .Mice  Hunter: 
Sec.-Treas.,  Miss  Dorothy  Chedister,  General 
Hospital.  Port  Arthur;  Councillors:  Mi.ss  J.  Ho 
garth.  Miss  \'.  Lovelace.  Miss  J.  Berry;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursiuff, 
Miss  L.  Horwood;  General  Nursing,  Miss  I.  Mor- 
rison;   Public  Health,   Miss   Q.    Donaldson. 

PRINCE    EDWARD    ISLAND 

Prince  Edward  Island  Registered  Nurses 
Association 
Pres.,  Miss  Katharine  Macl>ennan.  Provincial 
Sanatorium.  Charlottetown ;  Vice-Pres..  Miss  Ma 
ry  Devereaux.  New  Haven:  Sec.  Mi.ss  Anna 
Mair.  P.E.I.  Hospital.  Charlottetown ;  Treas.  & 
Registrar,  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Magdalen,  Charlottetown 
Hospital;  Chairmen  of  Sections:  Hospital  h 
School  of  Nursing,  Miss  Georgie  Brown,  Prince 
Co.  Hospital.  Summerside;  General  Nursing,  Miss 
Dorothy  Hennes.sey.  Charlottetown  Hospital. 
Charlottetown;  Public  Health,  Miss  Margaret 
Darling,    Alberton. 

QUEBEC 

Attoctation  of  Registered  Nurses  of  the  Province 
of  Quebec  (Incorporated,  1920) 
Presi.-'.ent.  Mi.ss  Eileen  C.  P'lanagan;  Vice 
President  (English).  Miss  Mabel  K.  Holt;  Vice- 
President  (French),  Rev.  Soeur  Valerie  de  la 
Sagesse:  Honourary  Secretary.  .Mile  Alice  Al- 
bert; Honourary  Tre.isurer.  Mi.ss  Fanny  Mun- 
roe;  Members  vithout  Office:  Misses  Marion 
Na.sh.  Mary  Ritchie.  M"ps  Rov.  Trudel,  Giroux: 
Advisory  Board:  Mioses  Jean  S.  Wilson. 
Margaret  L.  Moag.  Catherine  M.  Ferguson, 
Marion  Lindeburgh,  Miles  Anysie  Deland. 
Ma'ia  Beauniier.  Edna  Lynch;  Conveners  of 
Sections:  General  Nursing  (Engli.sh).  To  be 
appointed;  General  Nursing  (French),  Mile 
.\nne-Marie  Rol)ert.  5484-A  rue  St.  Denis, 
Montreal:  Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing  (Eng- 
lish). Miss  Martha  Batson.  Montreal  General 
Ho.«pitaI:  Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing 
(French).  Rev.  Soeur  Mance  Decary,  Hopital  No- 
tre-Danie.  Montreal;  Public  Health  (Engli.sh), 
Miss  Kathleen  Dickson.  Royal  Edward  Institute. 
Vfontreal:  Public  Health  (French).  Mile  Annon- 
ciade  Martineau.  1031  rue  St.  Denis.  Apt.  8. 
Montreal:  Board  of  Examiners:  Miss  Mary 
Mathewson  'convener).  Misses  Katie  .S.  An- 
ne='ev.  Ma  'eleine  Flander.  Miles  Alexina  Mar- 
luit.    Anvsie   Deland.  Suzanne  Gironic:    &i»- 


66 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


cutive  Secretary,  Registrar,  and  Official  School 
Visitor,  Mi3s  E.  Frances  Upton,  Room  1019,  Me- 
dical Arts  BIdg.,  1528  Siierbroolce  St.  West, 
Montreal. 

SASKATCHEWAN 

Satkatchcwan    RegUtcrcd    Nun**    AMvciMiea 
( lacorperaud    1917) 

President,  Miss  M.  Diedericiis.  Regina  Grey 
Nuns  Hospital;  First  Vice-President.  Miss  M. 
Ingham,  Moose  Jaw  General  Hospital;  Second 
Vice-President,  Mis.s  E.  Pearston.  Melfort;  Conn- 
eiUors  :  Miss  M.  E.  Grant,  922-9th  Ave.  N., 
Saskatoon:  Miss  M.  Pierce.  Wolseley:  Chairmen 
of  Sections:  General  Nursing,  Miss  R.  Wozny, 
2216    Smith    St.,    Regina;    Hospital   &    School   of 


Nursing,  Miss  A.  F.  Lawrie,  Regina  General 
Hospital:  Public  Health,  Miss  Gladys  McDonald, 
6  Mayfair  Apts.,  Regina:  Secretary-Treasurer, 
Registrar  and  Advisor,  Schools  for  Nurses,  MIm 
K.  W.  Ellis,  University  of  Saskatchewan,  Sas- 
katoon. 

Regina   Ragiitared   Nur»a»   Antociatioa 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  A.  Lawrie;  Pres.,  Miss  K. 
Morton;  Vice-Pres..  Miss  R.  Simpson;  Sec..  MIm 
E.  Howard.  General  Hospital;  Treas.  &  Re- 
gistrar, Miss  L.  Dahl;  Conveners:  Registry,  Miss 
L.  Lynch;  Membership,  Miss  K.  McLachlan;  En- 
tertainment, Miss  Spelliscy:  General  Nursing. 
Miss  R.  Wozny:  Public  Health,  Mi.ss  F.  Dean; 
Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  M.  Zens. 


Alumnae  Associations 


ALBERTA 

A.A.,    Calgary    General     Honpital,     Calgary 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  S.  Macdonald:  Pres.,  Mrs.  T. 
L.  O'Keefe:  First  Vice-Pres..  Mra.  A.  E.  War- 
rington; Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  H.  Buckmaster; 
Corr.  Sec,  Mrs.  F.  Wotherspoon.  121.5-9th  St.  W.; 
Rec.  Sec.  Mrs.  A.  Mclntyre;  Treas..  Mrs.  C. 
Parks;  Press.  Mrs.  D.  O.  Macko;  Membership, 
Mrs.   E.   Dunni.son. 

A.A.,    Holy    Cross    Hospital,    Calgary 

President,  Miss  Ruth  Turnbull;  First  Vice- 
President,  Miss  Gertrude  Tliorne;  Second  Vice- 
President.  Miss  Margaret  Bella:  Iteccirfliiig  Se- 
cretary. Mrs.  A.  Kloepfer;  Correspond! nsr  Secre- 
tary, Mrs.  C.  Harrison.  412-21st  Avenue,  N.W., 
Treasurer,   Mrs.  Elaine  S.  Clarke. 

A. A.,     Edmonton     General     Hospital,     Edmonton 

Hon.  Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  M.  O'Grady,  Rev.  Sr.  F. 
Neuliaiisel;  Pres..  Mrs.  R.  McKee;  First  Vice- 
Pres.,  Miss  E.  Beitsch;  Sec.  Miss  B.  Holden; 
Corr.  Sec,  Miss  J.  Slavik,  E.G.H.:  Tieas..  Miss 
E.  Carbol;  Committees:  Standing:  Mrs.  Price, 
Misses  Quilicliini.  Peterson,  Munroe,  Nelson; 
Visiting :  Misses  Acker,  Chickloski ;  Private  Duty, 
Miss  Ryan. 

A.A.,    Royal    Alexandra   Hospital,    Edmonton 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  M.  Eraser;  Pres.,  Miss  L. 
Einarson ;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  J.  F.  Thomp- 
son ;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  A.  Anderson ;  Rec. 
Sec.  Mrs.  R.  Boyd;  Corr.  Sec.  Mi.ss  M.  Sis- 
sons,  Royal  Alexandra  Hospital;  Treas..  Miss 
R.  Cameron;  Committee  Conveners:  Program, 
Miss  V.  Chapman;  Visiting,  Mrs.  Jones;  Social, 
Mi.ss  A.  Lysne:  News  Letter,  Miss  I.  Brewster; 
Executive:  Misses  M.  Griffiths,  H.  Molofee, 
Mrs.  Sandrocks;  Benefit,  Miss  L  Johnson: 
Scholarship,    Miss    K.    Brighty. 

A.A.,     University    of    Alberta    Hospital,    Edmonton 

Honourary  President.  Miss  Helen  S.  Peters; 
President,  Mrs.  D.  Payment;  Vice-President, 
Miss  S.  Greene;  Recording  Secretary,  Mrs.  A. 
Ward;  Corresponding  Secretary.  Mrs.  S.  Gra- 
iiam,  l0U8-i2fith  Street;  Treasurer,  Miss  D. 
Wright;  Ere'-vtive  Committee:  Mrs.  W.  Slean, 
Miss  K.  Chapman,  Miss  B.  Fane.  Miss  D.  Hay- 
cock. 

A. A.,   Lamont   Public   Hospital,   Lamont 

Honourar>'  President.  Miss  F.  E.  Welsh, 
Go<lerich  Ont.:  President,  Mrs.  R.  H.  Shears; 
First  Vice-President.  Mrs.  G.  Archer;  Second 
Vice-President.  Mrs.  G.  Harro'ld;  Secretary- 
Treasurer,  Mrs.   B.  L   Love.   Elk  Island   National 


Park,  Lamont;  News  Editor,  Mrs.  Peterson. 
Hardi-sty;  Convener,  Social  Committee,  Miss  C. 
Stewart. 

A.A.,     Vegreville     General     Hospital,     Vegreville 

Hon.  President.  Sister  Anna  Keohane;  Hon. 
Vice-President.  Sister  J.  Boisseau;  President, 
Mrs.  Stanley  Walker,  Vegreville;  Vice-President, 
Mrs.  Rennie  Landrj-,  Vegreville;  Secretary- 
Trea.surer.  Miss  Annie  Askin,  Box  213,  Vegre- 
ville:   Visiting   Committee    (chosen    monthly). 


BRITISH  COLUMBIA 

A. A.,  St.  Paul's  Hospital,  Vancouver 

Hon.  Pres..  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Phillipe:  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Columbkille;  Pres.,  Miss  J. 
Mitchell;  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  F.  Engby;  Sec,  Miss 
B.  Falk;  Treas.,  Miss  E.  Atterbine;  Registrar, 
Miss  Stewart:  Committee  Conveners:  Social,  Miss 
Walters:  Program,  Mi.ss  M.  Bell;  Visiting.  Miss 
McCauley;  Mutual  Benefit,  Miss  McGee;  Press, 
Miss  N.  Johnson;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse, 
Miss  C.  Bryant. 


A. A.,     Vancouver    General     Hospital,     Vancouver 

Hon  Pres.,  Mi.ss  G.  Fairley;  Pres..  Miss  A. 
Reid:  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  F.  Innes;  Rec 
Sec,  Miss  P.  Capelle:  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  E.  Ket- 
chum.  1009  W.  loth  Ave.;  Ex.  Sec,  Mrs.  F. 
Faulkner:  Treas..  Miss  L.  Creelman ;  Commit- 
tee Conveners:  Mutual  Benefit.  Miss  M.  Olund; 
Visiting,  Mrs.  M.  Applebv;  Social.  Mrs.  G.  Gil- 
lies; Membership,  Miss  M.  Parker;  Refreshment, 
Miss  M.  Steele;  Program,  Miss  M.  Tucker; 
Rep.    to   Press,   Miss    I.    Loucks. 

A. A.,    Royal    Jubilee    Hospital,   Victoria 

President.  Mrs.  J.  H.  Rus.sell;  First  VIre-Pret.. 
.Mrs.  D.  Hunter:  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Dick- 
son: Sec.  Mrs.  J.  A.  McCague,  1046  View  St.; 
Assist.  Sec.  Mrs.  Shea;  Treas..  Mrs.  McConnell; 
Committee  Conveners:  Social.  Mrs.  D.  McLoud; 
Visiting,  Miss  F.  Ferguson ;  Press,  Mrs.  Ban- 
yard;  Bursary  Committee:  Mi.s.ses  Putnian,  Dick- 
son, Herbert,  Mmes  Leal.  McLoud. 

A.A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    Victoria 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sr.  M.  Alfreda;  Hon.  Vice-Pres.. 
Sr.  M.  Gregory;  Pres..  Mrs.  E.  Corbett:  First 
Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  M.  Gilmore;  Sec.  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  M.  Murphy;  Rec  Sec,  Miss  H.  Cruiclcsliank, 
910  Market  St.;  Corr.  Sec.  .Miss  L.  DuKgan; 
Treas.,  Miss  F.  Cramplon;  Councillors:  Mmes.  F. 
Bryant,  J.  Moore.  I.  Miwre,  Miss  H.  Harniw; 
Press,  Mrs.  E.  Gandy;  Visitint.  Misses  O.  Dlsoa. 
A.   Osborne-Smlth. 


OFFICIAL  DIRECTORY 


67 


MANITOBA 


A^.,   St.   Boniface  Hospital,   St.   Bonifac* 

Hon.  President.  Rev.  Sister  Superior;  Hon. 
Vice-President.  Mrs.  F.  Crosby;  President.  Mrs. 
W.  McElheron;  First  Vice-President.  Miss  A. 
Danilevitch ;  Second  Vic-e-President.  Miss  W. 
Gricc:  Rec.  Sec,  Mrs.  F.  Eastwood.  Jr.:  Corr. 
Secretarj'.  Miss  M.  Alexander.  Ste.  53,  Roslyn 
Apts.,  Winnipeg:  Treas..  Miss  M.  Wastle; 
Committee  Conveners:  Finrial,  Miss  J.  Auhln; 
Irlembership.  Miss  R.  Toupin;  Visiting,  Miss 
M.  Treasure;  Press,  Mrs.  E.  Dwyer:  Repre- 
lentatives  to:  M.A.R.N.,  Miss  A.  Laporte;  The 
Canadian  Xurse,  Miss  R.  Luohuk;  Directory 
Committee  of  M. A.R.N. ,  Mrs.  B.  Schoemperlen : 
Local  Council  of  Women,  Mrs.  C.  Hall. 


A.A.,    Children'*    Hospital,    Winnipeg 

Pres.,  Mrs.  W.  Stewart;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss 
M.  Perley;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  E.  Hyndman;  Corr. 
Sec,  Miss  E.  Young,  91  Home  St.;  Treas.,  Miss 
B.  Thain,  21  Stratford  Ha'l;  Conveners:  Program, 
Miss  M.  Smith;  Ways  &  Means.  Mrs.  H.  Moore; 
Visiting  &  Red  Cross,  Mrs.  Campbell;  Member- 
ship, Miss  R.  Hutton ;  News  Editor,  Mrs.  G.  Jack. 


A.A.,    Winnipeg    General    Hospiul,    Winnipeg 

Hon.  Pres..  Mrs.  A.  W.  Moody;  Pres.,  Miss  I. 
McDiarmid;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  C.  Lethbri  Ige; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Nfiss  T.  Wiggins;  Third  Vice-Pres., 
Mi.ss  E.  Wilson;  Rec  Sec,  Miss  J.  Smith;  Corr. 
Sec,  Miss  T.  Fredrickson.  630  Maryland  St.; 
Treas.,  Miss  F.  Stratton ;  Committee  Conveners: 
Program,  Mrs.  W.  H.  Anderson ;  Membership, 
Miss  B.  V.  Seeman;  Visiting,  Mrs.  J.  F.  Page; 
Journal,  Mrs.  W.  G.  Beaton;  School  of  Nursing, 
Miss  G.  Hall;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  H. 
Smith;  Central  Directory,  Miss  A.  Howard; 
Archivist,  Nfiss  M.  Stewart;  Jubilee.  Miss  P. 
Bonner;  Council  of  Women,  Miss  M.  McGilvray: 
Council  of  Social  Agencies,  Miss  B.  McClung. 


NEW  BRUNSWICK 

A.  A.,     Saint     John     General     Hospital,     Saint     John 

Hon.  Pres..  .Miss  E.  Mitchel;  Pres.,  Mrs.  G. 
Lewin;  First  Vice-Pres.,  .Mrs.  H.  Ellis;  Sec 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  S.  Hartley;  Sec,  Miss  S. 
Turnbull,  Saint  John  General  Hospital;  Treas., 
Miss  R.  Wilson;  Committee  Conveners:  En- 
tertainment, Mmes  O.  Fowler.  R.  Dick,  Miss 
M.  Barker;  Refreshments,  Mrs.  L.  Dunlop, 
Miss  A.  Carney;  Flotoer,  Mrs.  F.  McKelrey, 
Miss   A.   Carney. 


A.A.,    Halifax    Infirmary,    Halifax 

Pres.,  Mrs.  Alec  Chaisson ;  Vice-Pres.,  Mlaa 
Isabel  O'Reilly;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  Joan  Story; 
Corr.  Sec.  Mrs.  Arthur  Gauld.  118  Cedar  St.; 
Treas.,  Miss  Hilda  Hamish;  Committee  Con- 
veners: Visiting,  Miss  Annie  Murphy;  Enter- 
tainment, Mrs.  John  O'Neill;  Press,  Miss  Doro- 
thy MacDonald;  Nominating,  Mrs.  Roy  Sulli- 
van ;    Librarian,    Miss    Dorothy    Turner. 


A. A.,     Victoria     General     Hospital,     Halifax 

Pres..  Miss  Agnes  Cox.  Tuberculosis  Hospi- 
tal; Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  E.  MacQuade;  Sec,  Miss 
Grace  Porter,  267  South  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  Helen 
Joncas,  Victoria  General  Hospital ;  Committee 
Conveners:  Entertainment,  Misses  M.  Ripley,  A. 
Power;  Refreshments,  Mrs.  Cullen.  Miss  Ger- 
vaise;  Visiting,  Misses  G.  Byers.  H.  Watson; 
Private    Duty,    Miss    Isobel    Macintosh. 


ONTARIO 


A. A.,     Belleville     General     Hospital,     Belleville 

Pre-s.,  Miss  D.  Williams;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss 
X.  DiCola;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Peacock; 
Sec.  Miss  Edna  Sullivan,  General  Hospital; 
Treas..  Miss  M.  Leurj':  Registrar.  Miss  M.  Dun- 
can: Committee  Conveners:  Floicers,  Miss  D. 
Hogle :  Social.  Miss  D.  Warren ;  Program,  MI.ss 
M.  Fitzsrerald:  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse  & 
Press,    Miss    M.    Plumton. 


A. A.,      Brantford      General      Hospital,     Brentford 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  E.  McKee;  Pres.,  Mrs.  S. 
Barber;  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  A.  Grierson;  Sec,  Miss 
I.  Feely.  General  Hospital ;  Treas.,  Miss  J.  Rou- 
sell;  Committee  Conveners:  Social,  Mrs.  G. 
Thompson,  Miss  M.  Robertson ;  Flower,  ^f  isses  N. 
Y'ardley,  R.  Moffat;  Gift,  Misses  K.  Charnley.  H. 
Muir;  Reps,  to:  The  Canadian  Nurse  &  Press, 
Miss  M.  Copeland;  Private  Duty  Section,  Miss  E. 
Scott;  Local  Council  of  Women,  Mmes  W.  Rid- 
dolls,  A.  Mlxon,  R.  Smith;  Red  Cross,  Miss  E. 
Lewis. 


A.A.,    Brockville    General    Hospital,    Brockville 

Hon.  Presidents,  Mis.ses  A.  Shannette,  E. 
Moffatt;  Pres..  Mrs.  M.  White;  First  Vice-Pres.. 
Mrs.  W.  Cooke;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  L.  .Merkley; 
Sec,  Miss  H.  Corbett.  127  Pearl  St.  E. ;  Ass. 
Sec,  Mrs.  E.  Finlay;  Treas.,  Mrs.  H.  Vandusen; 
Committee  Conveners:  Sorial,  Mrs.  H.  Green; 
Flower,  Miss  Kendrick;  Program,  Mrs.  Derry; 
Rep.  to  The  Cancuiian  Nurse,   Mlsa  Corbett. 


A>A.,   L.   P.   Fisher   Memorial    Hospital,    Woodstock 

President,  Mrs.  W.  B.  Manzer;  Vice-President, 
Mrs.  John  Hale;  ^ecretnry-  Mrs.  Allan  Wort, 
Connell  Street;  Treasurer.  Miss  Nellie  G.  Wal- 
lace; Executive  Committee:  Mrs.  Wendall  Slip, 
Miss    Marrart    Parker.    Mrs.    Percy    CaldwelL 


NOVA    SCOTIA 

A.A.,    Glace    Bay    General     Hospital.    Glace    Bay 

Pres..  Mrs.  F.  MacKinnion;  First  Vlce-Pre«^ 
Mrs  W.  MncPherson:  Sec  Vice-Pres..  Mrs. 
H.  Spencer;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  B.  MacKenzie;  Corr. 
Sec.  Mi«s  F  Anderson.  fVnprj,!  Ho-nltal; 
Treas..  Miss  W.  MacLeod;  Committee  Conv9nen\ 
Executive,  Mi.ss  C.  Honey;  Visiting,  Mrs.  O. 
Turner;    Finance.    Miss    A.    Beaton. 


A. A.,    Public    General    Hospital,    Chathtm 

Hon.  President,  Miss  Priscilla  Campbell;  Presi- 
dent, Miss  Lillian  Hastings;  First  Vice-President, 
Miss  Jean  McKerrall;  Second  Vice-President, 
Mrs.  Malcolm  MacKay;  Recording  Secretary, 
Miss  Violet  Carnes;  Corresponding  Secretary, 
Miss  Margjiret  Gilbert,  104  Harvey  St.;  Treas- 
urer. Miss  Winnifred  Fair. 


A.A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    Chathan- 

Hon.  Pres.,  Mother  M.  Pascal;  H.»n  Vice- 
Pres.,  Sr.  M.  Thecia;  Pres.,  Miss  M»r\  Doyle: 
First  Vl''e-Pres..  Mi.ss  Hnzel  Gray:  "iec  Vice- 
Pres..  Miss  F.velvn  Cadotte;  Sec-Treas..  Miss 
Mnv  Bovte.  an  We«t  St.:  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  Anne 
Kenny,  i  Grand  Ave.  E. :  Representative  to  The 
Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Mary  Clare  Zink. 


68 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


A. A.,     Cornwall     General     Hospital,     Cornwall 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  H.  C.  Wilson;  Pres.,  Miss  E. 
Allen;  First  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  M.  Quail;  Sec- 
Treas.,  Miss  G.  Meyer,  General  Hospital:  Cont- 
mittee  Covveners:  Program,  Miss  M.  Summers; 
Social  Fhianre,  Miss  M.  Franklin;  Flutoer:  Miss 
E.  Rusfin.  Miss  G.  Meyer;  Visiting:  Mrs.  Wa- 
goner, Mis.  Frayne;  Membership.  Miss  G.  Rowe; 
Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nttrse,  Miss  B.  Kinkaid. 


A.A.,    Gait    Hospiul,    Gait 

President,  Mrs.  E.  D.  Scott;  Vice-President, 
Miss  Hazel  Dlagden;  Secretary,  Mrs.  A.  Bon  1. 
General  Hospital;  Treasurer,  Mrs.  W.  Bell;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  Social,  Miss  Claire  Murpliy; 
Flower.  Miss  L.  MacNair;  Press,  Mrs.  J.  M. 
Byrne. 


A. A.,    Guelph    General    Hospital,    Guelph 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  S.  A.  Campbell;  Pres.,  Miss 
L.  Ferguson;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  F.  C.  Mc- 
Leod;  Sec,  Miss  K.  Laird,  General  Hospital; 
Treas.,  Miss  M.  Featherstone ;  Committees:  Social, 
Miss  M.  Doughty;  Program:  Misses  M.  Norrish, 
C.  Ziegler,  E.  Wanless,  E.  Lunau;  Flower,  Miss 
H.  Hall;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  E. 
l.ipliardt. 


A.A.,     Kingston     General     Hospital,     Kingston 

Honourary  President.  Miss  L.  Acton:  Presi- 
dent. Mrs.  F.  Atack;  First  Vice-President,  Mr«. 
R.  Robinson;  Second  Vice-President,  Miss.  E. 
Freeman;  Secretary.  Mrs.  C.  Jackson,  261  Univer- 
sity Are.;  Treasurer.  Mrs.  C.  W.  Mallory,  I7« 
Alfred  St.;  Asst.  Treas.,  Miss  P.  Timinerman, 
K.G.H.;   Press  Representative,  Miss  Mae  Porter. 


A.A.,     Kitchener    and    Waterloo    General    Hospital, 
Kitchener 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  K.  W.  Scott;  Pres..  Mrs.  H. 
Christner;  Fir.st  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  G.  Cornwall; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  R.  Bagsliaw:  Sec,  Miss  0. 
Daitz,  K.  &  W.  Hospital;  Treas.,  Miss  E.  .lanzen; 
Committee  Coiivenera:  Program,  Miss  L.  Daniel; 
f^ocial,  Mrs.  R.  Hodd;  Flowers,  Misses  M.  Mc- 
Manus,  M.  McLean;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian 
Nurse,  Miss  A.  Leslie. 


A.A.,   St.   Mary's   Hospital,  Kitchener 

Hon.  Pres..  Sister  M.  Gerard:  Hon.  VIce-Pre*. 
Sister  M.  Geraldine;  Pres..  Miss  E.  Knipfel; 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  J.  Plckard;  Rec.  Sec.  Mrs.  N. 
Schmidt;  Corr.  .Sec,  Miss  H.  Stumpf,  67  Menno 
St.,  Waterloo;  Treas.,  Mis.s  M.  Brand:  Reprtae^ 
tative  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  E.  Taggart. 
32    Mill   St.,    Kitchener. 


A. A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    Guelph 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sr.  M.  Augustine;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Sr.  M.  Dominica;  Pres.,  Miss  Doris  Mil- 
ton; Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Eva  Murphy;  Rec.  Sec, 
Miss  n.  Kadwe'l:  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  Anna  .M. 
Herringer,  St.  Joseph's  Hospital:  Treas..  Miss 
H.  Harding:  Convener  of  Social  Committee, 
Mrs.  T.  M<  Corkindale;  Representative  to  The 
Canadian   Nurse,    Miss    A.    Herringer. 


A. A..    Ross    Memorial    Hospital,    Lindsar 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  E.  S.  Reid;  Pres.,  Mrs.  M. 
Thurston;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  G.  Lehigh;  Sec, 
Mi.ss  Doris  Currins.  Lindsay.  R.R.  6;  Treas..  Mrs. 
IJ.  (!res'*well:  Committee  Converiers:  Program'. 
Misses  Har.Mng,  Wilson:  Refreshments:  Missea 
Stewart.  Kirley:  Flowers,  Miss  M.  Bracken  rirlge; 
Press,  Mi.ss  B.  Owen;  Red  Cross  Supply,  Miss  A. 
Flett. 


A. A..     Hamilton     General     Hospital,     Hamilton 

Hon.  President,  Miss  C.  E.  Brewster;  Presi- 
dent. Miss  Edna  Bell;  First  Vice-Pre.sident, 
Miss  M.  Watson;  Second  Vice-President,  Miss 
M.  Watt;  Recording  Secretary,  Mrs.  Hiliia 
Roy:  Corresponding  Secretary,  Miss  E.  Fergu- 
son. 127  Balsam  Ave.;  Treasurer.  Miss  N.  Coles, 
♦9!)  Main  St.  East;  Secretary-Treasurer,  Mutual 
Benefit  Association.  Miss  M.  Jarvis,  103  Wel- 
lington Street,  South;  Committee  Convenern: 
Executive,  Miss  I.  Mayall;  Program,  Mi.ss  H. 
Tilling;  Flower  and  Visiting,  Miss  G.  Servos; 
Budget,   Miss   L.   0.   Watson. 


A. A.,   St.   Joseph's    Hospital,   HatniltoB 

Hon.  Pres..  Sr.  M.  Alphonsa;  Pres..  Mrs.  B. 
Markle;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  B.  Cocker;  Trea.s., 
Miss  L.  Curry;  Rec  Sec.  Miss  F.  Nicholson; 
Corr.  Sec.  Miss  E.  Moran.  fi5  Victoria  Ave.  S. ; 
Executive:  Misses  Crane.  Dynes,  Miller,  McMa- 
namy.  Hayes,  Quinn,  Markle,  Nea!;  Eniertan- 
ment.  Miss  A.  Williams;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian 
Nurse,   Miss  J.   Stevenson. 


A. A.,    Hotel-Dieu,    Kingston 

Hon.  Presidents.  Rev  Sr.  Rouble.  Mrs.  W. 
Elder;  Pres..  Mrs.  W.  H.  Lawlpr;  First  Vice- 
Pres..  Mrs.  V.  Fallon:  Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  C. 
Keller:  '^pc.  Mis.<»  M.  Flood.  3Ho  Bro<k  St.:  Sec- 
Treas.,  Mi.ss  D.  McGuire:  Committees:  Kxrru- 
tire:  Mmes  Elrler,  Ahem,  Hickey.  Miss  K.  Mc- 
Garry:  Visit'ng:  Miss  A.  O'Conne'l,  Mrs.  A. 
Thompson;  Social:  Misses  J.  Carty,  M.  Hinch. 


A. A..    St.    Joseph's    Hospital.    London 

Hon.  Pres..  Mother  M.  Theodore;  Hon.  Vice 
Pre.s..  Sister  M.  Ruth;  Pres..  .Miss  I.  Griffin; 
First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Russell;  Sec  Vice- 
Pres..  Miss  A.  Kelly;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  F".  Caildy, 
5H7  Grosvenor  St.:  Rec  Sec.  Miss  P.  Dunn; 
Treas.,  Miss  A.  Switzer;  Committee  Conreneri: 
Social:  Misses  M.  Ings,  M.  Kelly;  Finance:  Misses 
M.  Etue.  O.  O'Neil;  Reps,  to  Registry:  Misses  M 
Baker,    K.   Mclntyre;   Press:   Miss   M.   Regan. 


A.A..   Victoria   Hospital.   London 

Hon.  President.  Miss  H.  M.  .^Ituart;  Hon.  Vice 
President.  Mrs.  A.  E.  Silverwood;  P  esident. 
Miss  1.  Sadleir;  Fir.st  Vice-Pres.,  Mi.ss  O. 
Erskine:  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  J.  Monteilh;  Rec. 
Sec,  Mrs.  R.  Lind;  Corr.  Secretary.  Miss  A. 
McCall.  281  Hill  St.;  Treas.  Mis.  H.  T. 
Spetfigue.  17n  Devonshire  Ave.;  Publications: 
Misses  M.   Steinhoff,   F.   Bell. 


A.A.,    Niagara    Falls    General    Hospital, 
Niaeara    Falls 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  M.  Park;  Pres..  Mrs.  H. 
Mylchree.st;  Hon.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Bucha- 
nan; First  Vif-e  Pres.,  Mi.ss  R.  Livingstone; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  D.  Scott;  Sec-Treas.,  Mrs. 
W.  McCarthy,  8H1  McRae  St.;  Corr.  Sec,  Mr«. 
W.  Dunn;  Committee  Conveners:  Visiting,  Miss 
R.  Thompson:  Educational.  Miss  V.  WIglejr; 
Meml>rrship.  Miss  M.  LeMay;  Representative 
to  The  Canadian  Nurse  &  R.N.A.O.,  Miss  I. 
Hammond. 


OFFICIAL  DIRECTORY 


69 


K.A..    Orillia    Soldieri'    Memorial    Hospital,    Orilli* 

Honourary  Presidents.  Miss  E.  Johnston,  Mlsa 
0.  Waterman;  President.  Mrs.  H.  Hanuaford; 
Vice-Presidents.  Miss  C.  Buie.  Miss  M.  MacLel- 
land:  Treasurer.  Miss  L.  V.  MacKenzie.  21  Wil- 
liam St.:  Secretary.  Miss  Muriel  Givens.  23  Albert 
St.;  Directors:  Misses  S.  Dudenlioffer.  B.  McFad- 
den.  G.  Adams;  Auditors:  Miss  F.  Roiiertson, 
Mrs.    H.    Burnet. 


A.A..    Oihawa    General    Hoapital,    Oahawa 


Hon.  Presidents.  Misses  E.  MacWIlliams.  E. 
Stuart;  Pres..  Miss  W.  Werry;  First  VIce-Pres.. 
Miss  B.  Gay;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Richardson; 
Sec.  .Miss  Hunter;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  G.  Pajce. 
O.G.H.:  Treas.,  Miss  B.  Rose;  Commitlee  Con- 
veners: Privnte  Duty,  Miss  A.  Reddon ;  Social 
Miss  G.  Switzer;  Profjrnm,  Miss  Green;  Rep.  to 
The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss   A.   Twilley. 


A. A.,    Lady    Stanley    Institute    (Incorporated    1918) 
Ottawa 

Hon.  Pres..  Mrs.  W.  S.  Lyman;  Pres..  Mrs. 
W.  E.  Caven;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  G.  Halpenny; 
Sec,  Mrs.  P.  R.  Grant.  74  Byron  Ave.:  Treas., 
Mrs.  G.  C.  Bennett;  Board  of  Directors:  Mrs. 
Wnddell.  .Misses  McNiece.  McGibbon.  Flacl<; 
Flower  Convener,  Miss  E.  Booth;  Representatives 
to:  Press.  Miss  G.  Halpenny;  Registry:  Misses 
M.  S!inn.  E.  Curry;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Mrs. 
V.   Boles. 


A.A.,   Ottawa  Ciyic  Hoipital.   Ottawa 

Hon.  President.  Miss  G.  M.  Bennett;  Presi- 
dent. Miss  D.  Ogrilvie;  First  Vice-Pres..  Mi.ss  G. 
Wilson;  Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  C.  Wilcox;  Rec. 
Sec.  Miss  L.  Gourlay;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  N.  Ro- 
binson, O.C.H.:  Treas..  Miss  D.  Jolmslon,  98  llol- 
iniid  Ave.;  Councillors:  Mrs.  H.  B.  Kidd.  Mis.sed 
G.  Mooiheatl.  G.  Feriruson.  F.  .McLeo  ..  .M.  Steen. 
E.  Graham;  Committee  Conveners:  Flower,  Miss 
E.  Rovideaux;  Visiting:  Mrs.  E.  Young.  Miss 
H.  Kiiifr:  Representatives  to  Central  Registry: 
Mlsse«  R.  Alexan.Ier,  O.  Bradley,  E.  Graydon. 
C.  McLeod. 


Mrs.  Chas.  W.  Johnston,  288-lUh  Street.  West. 
Representative  to  R.N.A.O.,  Miss  Dorothy  Robin 
son.    First   Avenue,   West. 


A.A.,    NicholU    Hoipital,    Peterborough 

Hon.  Pres..  Mrs.  E.  M.  Leeson;  Pres..  -Mia* 
Florence  Vickers:  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  D.  Mac- 
Brien;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  J.  Preston;  Ree. 
Sec.  Miss  Florence  Scott;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  Annie 
MacKenzie.  7.5-^  George  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  Isobei 
King.  210  Antrim  St.;  Social  Conveners:  Mrs. 
R.  Taylor,  Mrs.  Ruth;  Flower  Convener:  Mi&i  J 
Preston. 


A.A.,     St.     Joaeph's     Hospital,     Port     Arthur 

Honourary  President.  Rev.  Mother  Camillus; 
Honourary  Vice-President.  Rev.  Sister  Sheila; 
President.  Mrs.  Jack  Tiskey :  Vice  President. 
Miss  Cecila  Kelly;  .Secretary.  Mrs.  Jack  Weir. 
419  Ambrose  St.;  Treasurer.  Miss  Millie  Ueid ; 
Ererutive:  Misses  Aili  Johnson.  Lucy  .Miocich. 
Olive  Thompson,  Isabel   Hamer.   Mrs.  W.  Gedde« 


A. A.,    Sarnia    General    Hospital.    Sarnia 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  D.  Shaw;  Pres.,  Mlsa 
Frances  Harris:  Vice-Pres.,  Mis.s  A.  .McMilien; 
Sec,  Miss  Jean  Anderscm.  'iV>  Cromwell  St.; 
Treas..  Miss  J.  Cairns:  Commitlee  Conveners: 
Program,  Mi.ss  D.  Clu.skey;  Social,  Miss  J. 
Revinglon  ;  h'lmrer  and  Visiting.  .Mis.s  M. 
Thiimpson:  Ahimune  Room,  Miss  D.  Shaw; 
Representotive  to  The  Canadian  Nurse  &  Press, 
Mrs.   M.    Elrick. 


A. A.,     Stratford     General     Hospital,     Stratford 

Honourary  President.  Miss  A.  M.  Munn ; 
P-e.«ident.  Miss  Ann'e  Ballantyne.  General 
Hospital:  Secretan.  Mrs.  Vio'a  Byrick.  .3<t8 
Huon  Streef;  Treasurer.  Miss  Jean  Watson, 
General  Hospita';  Committee  Conveners  :  Social, 
Miss  Bernice  Moore:  Assists:  Miss  L.  Attwood, 
Miss  M.  Mackenzie;  Flower  and  Gifts,  Miss 
M.    Murr. 


A.A.,    Ottawa    General    Hospital,    Otuwa 

H«»nourary  President.  Rev.  Sr.  Flavie  Donil- 
tllle;  President.  Mi.ss  Viola  Foran;  First  Vice- 
President.  Mi-is  Alice  I'roulx:  Second  Vice-Pres- 
ident. .Miss  Joan  Stock:  Secretary-Treasurer.  Miss 
Lucille  Brul^.  05  Glen  Ave.:  Membership  Secre- 
tary, Miss  Floren -e  Lepine;  Counrillors:  Rev. 
Sr.  Flavie  Doinitille.  Miss  Ro'^e  Therien,  Miss 
Jeanne  l.aRochelle,  Miss  Evelyn  Byrne,  Mi.ss 
Marion   Prindeville.    Mrs.    Larry    Dunn. 


A.A.,   Mack  Training   School,   St.  Catharines 

Presi  "ent.  Miss  Evelyn  Buchanan;  First  Vice- 
President.  Miss  Kiomer:  Second  Vice-President. 
Miss  Ulpt;  Secretary.  Miss  Sayus.  Geneial  Hos- 
pital: Treasurer,  Miss  McMahon :  Commttee 
Conveners:  Program,  Miss  J.  Turner:  Social, 
Mi.ss  Hastie;  Visiting,  Miss  Kirkpatrick;  Re- 
presentatives to:  Press,  Miss  H.  Brown;  The 
Canadian    Nurse,    Miss    A.    Brubaker. 


A. A.,    St.    Luke's    Hospital,    Ottawa 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  Maxwell.  O.B.E.:  Pres., 
Mrs.  W.  H.  Johnston;  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  J. 
Prlckard:  Sec,  Miss  E.  G.  Wof)ds.  27  Rose- 
bery  Ave.:  Treas.,  Miss  D.  Brown;  Commit- 
tees: Flower:  Mrs.  Hall.  Miss  L.  Craig:  Refresh- 
ments: Mrs.  Hoiibs.  Misses  M.  Wil.son,  E.  Young; 
Reps,  to:  Central  Registrp:  Mrs.  R.  Brown, 
MI.SS  P.  Heron;  Local  Council  of  Women,  Miss 
B.   G.   Woods. 


A.A.,   St.   Thomas  Memorial   Hospital,   St.   Thomas 


Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  J.  M.  Wilson ;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pves..  Miss  F.  Kudoha:  Pres..  Miss  E.  Stoddern; 
First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  E.  Ray;  Sec.  Mrs.  B. 
Davidson;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  E.  Do  ds.  33  Wel'lng- 
ton  St.;  Treas.  Miss  P.  Howell;  Committee 
Conveners:  Socal,  Miss  A.  Claypole:  Flower, 
Mi.ss  M.  Broad?ev:  Ways  &  Means  Miss  A. 
Fryer;  Reps,  to  R.N.A.O.,  Miss  B.  McGee;  Press, 
Miss  E.  Jewell. 


A..A.,    Owen    Sound    General    and    Marine    Hospital, 
Owen    Sound 

Honourary  Presidents.  Miss  R.  Brown.  Mlsa  E. 
Webster;  President,  Miss  C.  McKecn;  First  Vice- 
President.    Miss    V.    Read :    Secretary-Treasurer, 


A.A.,    The    Grant   Macdonald    Training    School 
for    Nuraea,    Toronto 

Honorary      President.     Miss     Pearl     Morrison; 
President,  Mrs.  E.  Jacques;   Vice-President.  Miss 


70 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


A.  Lendrum;  Recording  Secretary,  Mrs.  M. 
Smith,  180  Dunn  Avenue;  Corresponding  Secre- 
tary, Miss  Ivy  Ostic,  130  Dunn  Avenue;  Treas., 
Miss  Maud  Zufelt;  Social  Convener,  Miss  B. 
Langdon. 


A. A.,    Hospital    for    Sick    Children,    Toronto 

Hon.  Presidents,  Mrs.  Gootison,  Miss  F.  J. 
Potts.  Miss  K.  Panton,  Miss  P.  B.  Austin,  Miss 
J.  I.  Masten;  Pres.,  Mrs.  A.  Russell;  First  Vice- 
Pres.,  Mrs.  J.  L.  Richardson;  Sec.  Vice-Pres., 
Mrs.  D.  McKenzie;  Rec.  Sec.,  Miss  I.  Cation: 
Corr.  Sec.  .Miss  H.  Clayton,  H.  S.  C;  Treas., 
Miss  M.  Neilson,  H.  S.  C. ;  Ass.  Treas.,  Miss  M. 
St.   John,   388   Huron   St. 


A.A.,    Riverdale    Hospital,    Toronto 

Pres..  Mrs.  S.  J.  Hubbert:  First  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  A.  Armstrong;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M. 
Thompson;  Sec.  Mrs.  H.  E.  Radford,  6  Neville 
Pk.  Blvd.;  Tieas.,  Mrs.  T.  Faiibaim;  Conveners^: 
Program,  Miss  Mathieson;  Visiting:  Mrs.  Spree- 
man.  Miss  M.  Thompson;  Repx.  to:  Pi-ess  &  Pub- 
lication, Miss  J.  Forbes;  R.N.A.O..  Miss  O. 
Gerbcr;    The   Canadian    Nurse,   Miss    Armstrong. 


A. A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    Toronto 

Hon.  Pres..  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Electa:  Pres..  Miss  T. 
Hushln;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  A.  O'Neill;  Sec. 
Vice  Pies..  Mi.ss  L.  Hill;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss  C. 
Hallett;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  C.  McQuillan.  PI  Fern 
Ave.;  Treas..  Miss  M.  McMahon ;  CniinriUnm: 
Misses  M.  Caden.  M.  Heyilon,  H.  Malone.  A. 
Tobin ;  Representative  to  R.N.A.O.,  Miss  C.  Knaggs. 


A.A.    Training    School    for    Nurses    of    the    Toronto 

East    General    Hospital    with    which    is    inrorpomted 

the    Toronto    Orthopedic    Hospital,    Toronto 

Honourarj-  President.  Nfiss  Ella  MacI.ean; 
President,  Miss  Claire  Patrick;  Secretary,  Miai 
Vera  Donnelly,  lin  Victoria  Park  .Avenue,  To 
ronto;    Treasurer,    Miss    Kathleen    Beaton. 

A. A.,    Toronto    Western    Hospital,    Toronto 

Hon.  Presidents,  Miss  B.  Ellis,  Mrs.  C.  J. 
Currie;  President,  Mrs.  Douglas  Chant;  Vice- 
President,  Miss  Mae  Palk;  Corresponding  Secret- 
ary, Miss  Lsabel  Kee  Nurses  Residence,  T.W.H.; 
Recor.;ing  Secretary,  Mrs.  Fooks;  T'easurer,  Miss 
Benita  Post,  Western  Hospital;  Representative. 
to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Elizabeth  Westren. 


A. A.,    Wellesley    Hospital,    Toronto 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  R.  K.  .lones;  Pres..  Miss  (5 
Bolton;  First  Vice-l'te.s..  Miss  J.  Harris:  .S^c 
N'ice-Pres.,  Miss  .M.  Stanton;  Corr.  .Sec,  Miss  A 
Solomon,  2  Linden  St.;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  (• 
Schwindt:  Treas..  .Miss  G.  Shier:  Treas.  for  ,<?/<•* 
Benefit  Fxind,  Miss  .1.  Brown;  General  Commit 
tee:  Misses  E.  Cowen,  H.  Wark,  J.  I.aird,  Mi« 
A.  Brymer. 


A. A.,    Women's    College    Hospital,    Toronto 

Honourary  President,  Mrs.  Bowman;  n()niiiir«i7 
Vice-President,  Miss  H.  T.  Meiklejohii;  Preiil 
dent.  Mrs.  S.  Hall.  86rt  Manning  Ave.  : 
Recording  Secretary,  Nfiss  Isabel  Hall.  Women'* 
College  Hospital;  Treasurer,  Miss  W.  Worth, 
93  Scarbora  Beach  Blvd.;  Representative  to 
The   Canadian   Nurse,   Miss   Mary    Chalk. 


A.A.,    St.    Michael's    Hospital,    Toronto 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sister  Mary  of  the  Nativity;  Hon. 
Vice-Pres..  Sr.  Mary  Kathleen ;  Pres..  Miss  Do- 
reen  Murphy;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  R.  Moore; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mi.ss  M.  Stone;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss 
M.  McRae;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  M.  Hughes.  32  Glen- 
holme  Ave.:  Treas..  Mi.ss  C.  Cronin:  Coundllnrs: 
Mis,ses  L.  Repan,  E.  Crocker,  C.  Hammill ;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  Press,  Miss  P.  Harding;  Mag. 
Editor,  Miss  M.Crowley;  Assoc.  Mernf)ership,  Mrs. 
R.  Slingerland;  Reps,  to:  Hospital  ft  Srhool  of 
Nvrsing  Se'tion,  Miss  G.  Murphy;  Public  Health 
Section,  Miss  L.  I.arsen;  Local  Council  of  Wo- 
men, Mrs.  T.  Scully. 


A.A.,    School    of    Nursing,    University    of    Toronto, 
Toronto 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  K.  Russell;  Hon.  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  F.  H.  Emory;  Pres.,  Mrs.  M.  McCutcheon; 
First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Macfarlan  ! ;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  E.  Crj'derman:  Sec,  Miss  M. 
Nicol.  226  St.  George  St.;  Treas..  Miss  D. 
McPherson;  Committee  Conveners:  Membership, 
Mrs.  C.  Smith ;  Endowment  Fund.  Miss  E. 
Fraser;  Program,  Miss  J.  Wilson;  Social,  Miss 
B.  Ross. 


A. A.,   Toronto   General   Hospital,   Toronto 

President  Mrs.  E.  S.  Jeffrey:  First  Vice- 
President,  Miss  Ethel  Cryderman ;  Second  Vice- 
President,  Mrs.  R.  F.  Chishotm:  Secretary-Trea- 
surer, Mrs.  F.  B.  G.  Coombs.  l.'585  Bloor  St.  W.; 
Cnnnrillors:  Misses  Mabel  Cunningham.  Mary 
Meikle.  Christine  Wallace.  Mrs.  J.  B.  Wadland; 
Committee  Conveners:  Flowrr.  Miss  E.  Foraie; 
Social,  Miss  Dorothea  Lake:  Program.  Miss 
.Maud  Fry;  Archives,  Mi.ss  J.  M.  Kniseley;  "Tlu 
Quarterly",    Mrs.    H.    E.    Wallace. 


A.A.,    Ontario    Hospital,    New    Toronto 

Hon.  Presidents,  Miss  E.  Rotlicry,  Miss  C. 
Brock;  Pres..  Miss  R.  Moriarty;  First  Vice  Pres.. 
Miss  R.  Osborne:  Rec  Sec.  Miss  E.  Mc{!alpin; 
Corr.  Sec,  Miss  L.  Chartrand.  Ontario  Hospital; 
Treas..  Mrs.  E.  Claxton;  Committee  Conreuers: 
Program.  Miss  O.  Stnind:  Social.  Miss  L.  Blair; 
Visiting  &  Floirer,  Miss  E.  Alderton;  Rep.  to  Th« 
Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  M.  Garrett. 


A.A.,  Grac*  Hospital,  Windsor 


President.  Adjutant  G'adys  Bnrker;  Vict- 
President,  Miss  Phvllis  Hardcast'e;  Secretary, 
Miss  Jeanetfe  Ferguson.  Grace  Hospilnl:  Treas- 
urer. M'ss  Jenn  G.nlloway;  Echoes'  Editor,  Ad- 
jutant Gladys  Barker. 


A.A.,     Hotel-Dieu,     Windsor 

Hon.  Pres.,  Rev.  Mother  Mnrie;  Hon.  Vico- 
Pres.,  Sr.  C.  Maitre:  I'les..  Miss  J.  Tliomaa; 
First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  E.  Cox;  ."^ec  Vice-Pres.. 
Miss  J.  Currv;  ."^ec.  Miss  .\.  McNulfv;  Corr. 
Sec,  Sr.  Marie  Roy.  Hcktel-Dieu ;  Treas..  Miw 
L.  ArisenaiiU:  Visiting  Committee:  Misses  M. 
May.   B.   Beuglet. 


A.A.,    General    Hospital,    Woodstock 

Pres..  Mrs.  E.  Colclough:  Vice-Pres..  Miss  M. 
Matheson;  Sec,  Miss  C.  Stager;  Ass.  Sec.  Mi« 
A.  Aitcheson:  Treas..  Mi.ss  M.  Peirce:  Am. 
Treas..  Miss  R.  Wright;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  G. 
Jefferson.  General  Hospital;  Committee  Con- 
veners: Flower  k  Gift:  Miss  M.  Hodgins;  Pro- 
gram: Miss  J.  Kelly;  Social:  Misses  Start,  Wat- 
son, Howes,  Cleator  ;  Rep.  to  Press  :  Miaa  B. 
Calvert. 


OFFICIAL     DIRECI^ORY 


71 


QUEBEC 


A. A..  Children'!  Memorial   Hoaphal,  M*atr«al 


Hon.  Presidents.  Misses  A.  S.  Kinder.  E.  Alex- 
ander; Pres..  Miss  J  E.  Cochrane;  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  £.  Fraser;  Sec.,  Miss  M.  MacNaugfat. 
Cliildren's  Memorial  Hospital;  Treas..  Miss  E. 
Richardson:  Committee  Convenen:  Social,  Mi« 
M.  Robinson;  Visiting,  Miss  E.  Wilsey;  Repre- 
tentativeM  to:  Private  Duty  Section,  Miss  A.  J. 
O'Dell:    The    Canadian    Nurse,    Miss    H.    Nuttall. 


Miss  F.  Munroe:  Second  Vice-President  .Miss  H. 
Sharpe;  Recording  Secretar>-,  Miss  K.  Stanton; 
Secietar>--Treasurer,  Miss  G.  A.  K.  Moffat.  Royal 
Victoria  Hospital :  Board  of  Directors  (without 
office):  Miss  E.  C.  Flanagan,  Mrs.  E.  O'Brien; 
Conveners  of  Standing  Committees:  Firuxnee, 
Mrs.  R.  Fetherstonhaugh ;  Program,  Miss  G. 
Y'eats:  Scholarship,  Miss  H.  Sharpe:  Gentral 
Nursing,  Mrs.  A.  F.  Robertson ;  Conveners  of 
Other  Committees:  Cajitten.  Miss  b.  Campbell; 
Red  Cross,  Mrs.  F.  E.  McKenty;  Visiting,  Miss  K. 
Reid;  Representatives  to:  The  Canadian  Nurs*. 
Miss  G.  Martin :  Local  Council  of  Women,  Mrs. 
Vance  Ward,  Miss  E.  Dickson. 


A. A.,     Homoeopathic     Hospital,     Montreal 


A. Am    St.    Mary's    Hospital,    Montreal 


Hon.  President.  Miss  Vera  Graham;  Pres.,  Miss 
l.lllinn  Athelstan;  Treas..  Mrs.  Warren;  Sec. 
Mi.ss  Jessie  Morris,  828  Desmarchais  Blvd.,  Ver- 
dun; Committee  Conveners:  Sick  Benefit,  Mrs. 
Warren:  Visiting.  Miss  Currie:  Refreshment, 
Miss  Currie;  Program,  Miss  D.  Ward;  Reps,  to: 
Local  Council  of  Women,  Mrs.  Stevenson;  The 
Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  M.  E.  Fox. 


Hon.  Pres..  Rev.  Sr.  Rozon;  Pres..  Miw  I. 
Gorinff;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  T.  deWitt;  Sec,  Miss 
P.  Owens;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  P.  McKenna.  4S88 
Girouard  Ave.;  Treas..  Miss  E.  Quinn:  Committees: 
Entertainment:  Mis.«es  E.  O'Hare,  M.  Smith.  M. 
Morris,  Mrs.  Latremoille;  Visitin^i:  Misses  R. 
Bradley.  N.  Callahan,  M.  Collins;  Press:  Misses 
R.  Prendergast,  I.  Olney. 


A. A,     Lachine     General     Hospital,     Lachine 


llonourarj'  Pre"9ident.  Miss  L.  M.  Brown; 
I'lesident,  Miss  Ruby  Goodfellow;  Vire-Presi- 
ifent.  Miss  Myrtle  Gieason :  Secretary-Treasurer, 
Mrs.  Byrtha  Joi^ber,  GO-Slst  Ave..  Dixie — La- 
I'liine;  General  Nursing  Representative,  Miss 
Uuliy  Goodfellow:  Executive  Committee:  Mrs. 
llnrlow,   Mrs.   Gaw,   Miss   Dewar. 


A.A.,    School    for    Graduate    Nurses, 
McGitI    University,    Montreal 

Pres..  Miss  Margaret  Brady;  Vice-Pres..  Miss 
Winnifred  McCunn ;  Sec. -Treas.,  Miss  Elsie  All- 
der.  Royal  Victoria  Hospital:  Conveners:  Flora 
M.  Shaw  Memorial  Fund,  Mrs.  L.  H.  Fisher; 
Program.  Miss  R.  Lamb,  Representatives  to: 
Local  Council  of  Women,  Mrs.  J.  T.  Allan. 
Mrs.  J.  R.  Taylor,  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  F. 
Lamont. 


(.Association    des    Gardes-Malades    Diplomees, 
Hopital     Notre-Dame,     Montreal 


Hon.  Pres.,  Sr.  Papineau :  Hon.  Vice-Pres., 
.■ir.  I)<'<-iiry;  Pres.,  Miss  E  .M^rizzi:  First  Vice- 
Pies..  Misfs  ^(.  Gagnon:  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss 
C.  Fri'genn;  Rec.  Sec.  Mi.ss  G.  Roy;  Corr.  Sec, 
Miss  I,.  Deguire;  As.<?oc.  .<?ec..  Miss  M.  Leroux; 
Counn'lfors:  Mis.ses  G.  Latour,  B.  Magnan,  M. 
[.ussier. 


A. A.,     Woman's     General     Hospital,     Westmount 


Hon.  Presidents.  Mi.s.ses  Trench.  Pearson:  Pres.. 
Mi.ss  C.  Mai-tin;  First  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  Tellier; 
Sec  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  Crewe:  Corr.  Sec,  Mrs. 
Davis.  5946  Waverley  St.;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  Van 
Busicirk;  Treas..  Miss  Francis:  Committees: 
Visiting:  Mrs.  Chisholm.  Miss  G.  Wilson;  Social: 
Mi.s.ses  Linton.  Yellin.  Cliananie;  Rep.  to  The 
Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Francis. 


A. A.,     Montreal     General     Hospital,     Montreal 


Hon.  Presidents,  Miss  J.  Webster,  O.  B.  E. 
Hiss  N.  Tedford:  Hon.  Treasurer.  Miss 
II.  Diiulop:  President  Miss  C.  Anderson; 
Fir.st  Vice-Presi 'ent.  Miss  B.  Birch;  Second 
Vice  I'losident.  Mrs.  D.  White:  Rectirding  Secre- 
tniy,  ^t)ss  A.  Tennant;  Corresponding  Secretary. 
Miss  M.  .«;iiannon.  Nurses  Home,  Montreal  Gen- 
eral Ho.spitnl;  Treasurer,  Miss  I.  Da  vies:  Com- 
mit lees:  Executive:  Misses  M.  K.  Holt.  K.  An- 
nesley.  M.  MacDonald,  Mmes  L.  Fisher.  .1.  P. 
Rohb;  Program:  Mis.ses  >I.  Batson.  A.  Tennant, 
C.  Angus:  Refreshment:  Mi.s.ses  Cluff  'convene"-), 
.1.  MruDonald.  H.  Christian.  J.  McNair  L.  Fife, 
M.  MacQuarrie;  Visiting:  Misses  C.  MacDonal  i, 
M.  Rass;  Representatives  to:  General  Nursing 
Sertiou:  Misses  M.  L  MacLeod,  M.  McCann,  A. 
Whilney.  .1.  Van  Vliet;  Local  Counnl  of  Women: 
Mi.sses  C.  CoUey.  M-  Stevens;  The  Caruid.an 
Nurse.,  Miss  C.  Watling. 


A.A.,     Royal    Victoria     Hospital,    Montreal 

Hon.   President,    Mi.ss   Mabel    F.    Hersev;    Presi- 
dent,   Mrs     R.    A.    Taylor;    First    Vice-President. 


A. A.,    Jeffery    Hale's     Hospital,    Quebec 


Pres..  Mrs.  A.  W.  G.  Maca lister;  First  Vice 
Pres.,  Miss  N.  Martin;  Sec  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  E. 
Jack:  Se<"..  Nflss  M.  G.  Fi'vher.  sn.'S  Gnind  All^e; 
Treas.,  Mrs.  W.  D.  Fleming;  Counnllnrs:  Misses 
Matthew.  Wolff.  Kennedy.  Fitzpatri<k.  Mrs. 
Voung:  Cnmm  ttees:  Visiting:  Mmes  Buttimore. 
Raphael,  Gray.  Nfiss  Douglas;  Refreshment :  Mi.ssea 
Black.  Andrews.  McMiirray,  Cha.se:  Program: 
Misses  Chase,  Eager,  Jack,  Black:  Representa- 
tives to:  Private  Dufp  Section,  Misses  E.  Walsh. 
M.  Eager:  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  G.  Weary. 


A. A..    Sherbrooke    Hospital,    Sherbrooke 


Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  V.  Beane;  Pres„  Mrs.  N. 
Skinner;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  F.  .Steijrmelr; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  G.  Sangster;  Rec.  Sec, 
Miss  N.  Arsruin:  Corr.  .Sec.  Miss  R.  Forward. 
31  Melbourne  St.;  Treas..  Mrs.  H.  Grundy: 
Cotirener,  Entertainment  Committee.  Mrs.  H. 
MacCallum:  Reps,  to:  Private  Duty  Section. 
Miss  P.  Gbugh:  The  Canadian  Nurse.  Mrs.  G 
Burt 


72 


I'HE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


SASKATCHEWAN 

A. A.,   Regina   Genaral   Hotpital,   Rcgitu 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  D.  Wilson;  Prea..  Miss  M. 
Brown;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  A.  Palmquist; 
Sec.  Vlce-Pres.,  Miss  N.  EUiwards;  Sec..  Miss  E. 
Meyer.  General  Hospital;  Tresis..  Miss  J.  Hamp- 
ton; Committees:  Refreshment:  Miss  H.  Lusted. 
B.  Walton:  Flower:  Misses  B.  I.angstaff.  E. 
Frostad;  Reps,  to-  Loral  Paper,  Miss  L.  Dahl; 
The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  J.  Allison. 

A. A.,    Saskatoon    City    Hospital,    Saskatoon 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  Amas;  Pres.,  Miss  A. 
Ormson;    First   Vice-Pres..    Miss   J.    McKay;    Rec. 


«eo..  Miss  E.  Polowy;  Corr.  Sec..  Miss  M. 
Stinson.  S.C.H.;  Treas.  Miss  E.  Graliain:  Com 
vtittee  Conveners:  Visiting,  Miss  A.  Roljinson; 
Proffram,  Miss  J.  Piggott:  Waps  &  Means,  Miss 
H.  Mellom:  Social,  Miss  V.  Mitchell;  Press,  Miss 
D.    Bjarnason ;    War    Work.    Mrs.    E.    Su^rman. 


A. A..    Yorkton    Queen    Victoria    Hospital,    Yorkto* 


Honourary  President.  Mrs.  L.  V.  Barnes; 
President,  Mrs.  W.  Sharpe;  Vice-President, 
Miss  V.  Wilkinson;  Secretary.  Mrs.  T.  E.  Dar- 
roch,  59  Haultain  Avenue;  Treasurer.  Miss  O. 
Zimmer;  Social  Convener,  Mrs.  J.  Parker;  Coun- 
cillors: Mrs.  H.  Ellis,  Mrs.  Sam  Dodds,  MIm 
L.    Wilson. 


Associations  of  Graduate  Nurses 


Overseas     Nursing     Ststars     Aaaoctaboa 
of     " 


Pres..  Miss  F.  Munroe.  Roval  Victoria  Hos- 
pital. Montreal;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  C.  M. 
Watling  Montreal:  Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  H.  PaJce, 
Montreal;  Tliird  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  B.  Ander«on, 
Ottawa ;  Sec-Treas.,  Mi.ss  E.  Frances  Upton, 
Ste.  1019.  Medical  Arts  BIdg..  Montreal;  Re- 
presentatives from  Local  Unit:  Mrs.  C.  E.  Bl- 
saiilon,  793  Bienville  St..  Apt.  5,  Montreal: 
Miss  M.  Moag.  V.  O.  N..  Montreal. 


Vancouver    Graduate    Nurses     Association 

President,  Miss  J.  E.  Jamieson;  First  Vice 
President,  Miss  F.  McQuarrie;  Second  Vice-Pres- 
ident. Miss  F.  Kirkpatrick;  Secretary.  Miss  M. 
Buchanan,  Vancouver  General  Hospital;  Trea- 
surer. Miss  M.  Mirfield;  Councillors:  Misses  M. 
Motherwell.  M.  Henderson.  L.  Dodds,  K.  Lee.  Mrt. 
H.  Melville;  Committee  Conveners:  IVups  & 
Means,  Miss  E.  Paulson:  Program,  Miss  A.  Keid; 
Directory,  Miss  M.  Gray:  Visiting.  Miss  L.  Dry»- 
dale;  Loral  Council  of  Women:  Miss  M.  Camp- 
l)ell.  Mrs.  DeSatge;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss 
G.  Conquest;   Press,  Mrs.  F.  Engley. 


BRITISH   COLUMBIA 


Victoria   Graduate    Nurses    Association 


KamHops  Graduate  Nurses  Association 
Pres..  Miss  S.  Babin;  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  H. 
Stalker;  Sec,  MI-ss  E.  Davis,  Royal  In'and 
Hospital;  Treas.,  Miss  F.  Aberdeen,  Royal 
Inland  Hospital:  Committee  Conveners:  Program 
&  Social.  Sirs.  M.  Fraser,  Misses  K.  Bingham, 
J.  McLellan  1,  B.  McPherson ;  Waps  &  flieans, 
Mmes  E.  Selkirk,  S.  Daigleish,  Miss  E.  Walker; 
Membership,  Mmes  R.  Coswe'l.  L.  Pigeau.  Misses 
K.  Doumont.  I.  Brooke;  The  Canadian  Nurse, 
Misses  M.  Williams.  J.  Norquay. 


Nelson     Registered    Nurses    Association 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  V.  B.  Eidt;  Pres.,  Miss  H. 
Tompkins;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  Ethel  Smith; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  V.  Hay.'.en;  Sec.  Miss  A. 
McKinnon.  Kootenay  Lake  General  Hospital; 
Treas..  Miss  Elsie  Smith;  Committee  Conveners: 
Private  Dutt/,  Miss  J.  M'-Vicar;  Membership, 
Miss  E.  Abey:  Waps  &  Means.  Miss  L.  Ellis; 
Social,  Miss  G.  Gowans;  Program,  Miss  L  Mack; 
Visiting.  Miss  P.  Gansner:  Correspondent  to 
The  Canadian  Nurse,   Miss   N.    Murphy. 


Honourar>'  Presidents.  Sister  Mary  Gregory. 
.Miss  Lena  Mitchell;  President,  Miss  Ethel  Gray; 
P'irst  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Z.  Harmon;  Sec.  Vice- 
Pres..  Miss  M.  Plunkett;  Rec.  .Sec.  Miss  K. 
Gann;  Corr.  Secretary,  Miss  J.  Engelhardt,  St. 
Joseph's   Hospital;  Treas.,   Miss   E.  Smallwood. 


MANITOBA 

Brandon  Graduate  Nurses  Association 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  E.  Birtles.  O.B.E.;  Pres.,  Mrs. 
S.  Purdue;  Vice-Pies.,  Miss  M.  Morton.  Sec, 
Miss  A.  Crighton.  Brandon  General  Hospital; 
Treas..  Mrs.  J.  Selbie;  Registrar.  Miss  C.  Mac- 
leod;  Conveners:  Red  Cross.  Mrs.  H.  M'Kenxie; 
Social.  Miss  M.  Trotter;  Press.  Miss  W.  Mitchell; 
General  Nursing,  Miss  G.  Lamont;  Rep.  to  The 
Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  G.   Kennettle. 


QUEBEC 


New  Westminster  Graduate   Nurses   Association 

Honoiirar?-  President.  Miss  C.  E.  ria»-k:  Presi- 
dent, Miss  E.  Wrightman :  First  Vice-President. 
Miss  E.  Beatt:  Second  Vice-Presi  ent.  Miss  E. 
Scott  Gray:  Secretary.  Miss  B.  Donaldson.  2t3 
Keary  Street:  Treasurer.  Miss  T.  Eyton :  Re- 
presentatives to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Mrs.  J 
L.   Wrisfat.    Miss   B.   CatbenU. 


Montreal    Graduate    Nurses    Association 

President.  Miss  Edythe  Ward:  First  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  A.  Buhnan :  Sec.  Vice-Pres..  .Miss  M.  E. 
Martin:  Hon.  Sec. -Treas..  Miss  Grace  Black- 
lock.  IS.'in  Bishop  St.:  Chairman.  Registry  Com- 
mittee. Mi««  .\  .Fatnieson;  Director  of  Nursing 
Registry,  Miss  E.  B.  Ross.  fiSoA  Sun  Life  B!d(f. 
Regular  meetings  second  Tuesday  January,  first 
Tuesday   .April,  October,  and  December. 


H  VOLUME  38 

NUMBER     2 

FEBRUARY 

1      9     4      2      - 


int 


CANADIAN 
NURSE 


#  Canadian 

Nurses 

Association 

General 

Meeting 

June  22-26,  1942 

Montreal,  Que. 


A  Canadian  Red  Cross 
Outpost  Nurse 


Courtesy  of 
The  Canadian   Red  Cross  Society 
See  Page  82 


OWNED       AND        PUBLISHED        BY 
THE     CANADIAN     NIIBSES     ASSOCIATION 


U.  Cannin<i;'s  a  pretty  old  method  of  preservinjj  foods, 
isn't  it? 

A.  No.  On  the  contrary  it's  comparatively  new. 
Methods  of  food  preservation,  such  as  smoking  and 
drying  fish  and  meats,  are  thousands  of  years  old. 
However,  canning  was  first  successfully  employed  in 
the  early  years  of  the  19th  century.  The  improve- 
ments of  modern  canning  procedures  are  the  direct 
outgrowth  of  many  achievements  of  modern 
science,   (i) 

American  Can  Company,  Hamilton,  Ontario; 
American  Can  Company  Ltd.,  Vancouver,  B.C. 


(1)   1811.  The  Art  of  Preserving  All  Kiii.ls  of  Animal 
and  Vegetable  Substances  for  Several  Years, 
M.  Apperl,  Black,  Perry  and  Kingsbury, 
London. 
1938.  Food  Research  3,  13. 

1938.  Ibid.  3,91 

1939.  Canned    Food    Reference  Handbook,    American 
Can  (Company,  Hamilton,  Ont. 

1941.  Ind.  Eng.  Chem.  33,  292 


VALUABLE  ANEMIA  PREVENTATIVE  FOUND  IN 


Research  has  shown  that  the  hemoglobin  con- 
t»:nt  of  the  blood  of  infants — although  high  at 
hirth — falls  rapidly  until  it  reaches  a  low  point 
at  an  early  age.  Although  vegetables  and  fruits, 
because  of  their  high  "iron  values",  help  guard 
against  this  tendency  towards  anemia,  the  in- 
<)igestibility  of  even  carefully  strained  vegetables 
has     frequently     prevented     doctors     from     adding 


_  210;.£4E£jml.-lfiCJMMe 


BABY  FOODS 


percentage   increase   in   hemoglobin    of    rats   above 

.anemia   level   after   addition   of   vegetables   to    milk 

diet. 


them   to   the   very   young   infant   diet   for   fear   of 
intestinal   disturbances. 

Because  Libby's  Homogenized  Baby  Foods  have 
been  given  to  infants  as  young  as  six  weeks  and 
have  been  well  tolerated,  an  important  preventa- 
tive for  nutritional  anemia  is  seen  in  them.  Their 
digestibility  is  due  to  the  Libby  Homogenization 
process  which  breaks  down  the  coarse  fibres  and 
food  cells. 

Valuable  nutritive  elements  within  food  cells  are 
released  for  more  complete  digestion,  thus  giving 
Libby's  Homogenized  Baby  Foods  higher  "iron 
values"  than  strained  foods. 

Libby's  Homogenized  Baby  Foods  come  in  10 
balanced  combinations  each  one  made  up  of  three 
or  more  foods  selected  by  pediatricians.  The  na- 
tural deficiencies  of  one  vegetable  are  compen- 
sated by  the  value  of  another,  thus  making  it 
easier  for  doctors  to  prescribe  a  varied,  balanced 
infant  diet. 


FREE  SAMPLES  and  descriptive  literature  will  be 
mailed  on  request  to  physicians  and  pediatricians. 
Please  address  yoL:r  requests  to  Libby,  McNeill  & 
Libby  Laboratories,  Chatham,  Ontario. 


10     BALANCED     BABY     FOOD      COMBINATIONS: 

Th*««  combinations  of  Homogenized  Vogotobiof,  coreal,  soup,  and  fruits  mok*  it  easy  for  tho 
Doctor  to  prascribo  a  variety  of  solid  foods  for  infants 


Peos 

4 

Whole  milk. 

7 

A  meatless  soup — 

9 

An    "oil    Green  ' 

v^hole  v/heat, 

consisting    of    celery, 

vegetable  combina- 

soya bean  flour. 

potatoes,    peos,    car- 

tion— Many    doctors 

asparagus. 

rots,     tomatoes,    soya 

have  asked  for  this 

flour,  and  barley.  Can 

Peas,     spinach     and 

be  fed  to  very  young 

green      beans      are 

Pumpkin, 

5 

Prunes, 

babies. 

blended    to    give    a 

pineapple  juice. 

very  desirable  vege- 

tomatoes, 

table  product. 

green  beans. 

lemon  juice. 

8 

An  improved  fruit  com- 

bination —  Bananas, 

10 

Tomatoes,   carrots 

apples,    apricots    are 

and  peas  —  These 

Peas 

6 

Soup — carrots,  ce 

ery, 

combined    to    give    a 
nutritious     fruit     com- 

give   a    new   vege- 
table combination  of 

carrots. 

tomatoes,  chicken 

liv- 

bination   that   is   very 

exceptionolly  good 

ers,     barley,     onions. 

tasty. 

dietetic    properties 

and  flavour. 

3 


And  In  Addition,  Three  Single  Vegetable  Products  Specially  Homogenized 

CARROTS  — PEAS  — SPINACH    and 

LIBBY'S    HOMOGENIZED    EVAPORATED    MILK 

Mad*  in  Conodo  By 

ilBBY.    MCNEILL   &  LIBBY    OF   CANADA   LIMITED,  Chatham,  Ont. 


73 


For  Chest  Colds,  Bronchitis, 
Tracheobronchitis,  and  other  affections 
of  the  respiratory  tract  — 


is  an  ideal  adjuvant  to  internal  treatment. 

Its  medication  and  sedative  warmth  are  an  aid  in  bringing 
about  symptomatic  relief.  There  are  no  systemic  reactions 
when  using  Antiphlogistine;  it  may  be  used  with  chemo- 
therapy. 

Made  in  Canada 

THE  DENVER  CHEMICAL  MFG.  CO.         '"  "^'^MontViar  ^'  "^ ' 


WANTED 

An  Assistant  for  the  Department  of  Nursing  is  wanted  in  a  125-bed  gen- 
eral hospital  in  Ontario  to  do  clinical  ward  teaching  and  assist  in  the  Training 
School  Office.  The  applicant  must  have  taken  a  postgraduate  course  in  teach- 
ing and  supervision.  Apply  in  care  of: 

Box  9,  The  Canadian  Nnrse,  1411  Crescent  St.,  Montreal,  P.  Q. 


WANTED 

An  Operating  Room  Supervisor  is  wanted  for  a  125-bed  general  hospital 
in  Ontario.  The  applicant  must  have  taken  a  postgraduate  course  in  surgery, 
be  a  good  organizer,  and  capable  of  teaching  student  nurses.  Apply  in  care  of: 

Box  10,  The  Canadian  Nurse,  1411  Crescent  St.,  Montreal,  P.  Q. 

WANTED 

A  modem  Hospital  in  Montreal  requires  several  Qualified  Operating  Room 
Nurses.  Applications  should  be  addressed  in  care  of: 

Box  11,  The  Canadian  Nurse,  1411  Crescent  St.,  Montreal,  P.  Q. 


WANTED 

Applications  are  invited  for  the  position  of  Operating  Room  Supervisor. 
Apply,  stating  qualifications,  age,  experience,  and  salary  expected,  to: 

Miss  Reta  Follis,  Superintendent,  Chipman  Memorial  Hospital,  St.  Stephen,  N.B. 


MUM  REFRESHING 


:^. 


/ 


\^/ 


A  No.  1  ^'Refresher  Course" 
for  Patients 

During  illness,  there  may  be  increased  sweat  gland 
activity  with  an  accumulation  of  perspiration  waste 

products.  Disturbing  odors  may  arise  to  annoy  the 
patient,  visitors,  and  you. 

For  both  mental  and  physical  comfort  of  all  —  to  freshen 
the  sickroom — use  applications  of  MUM  routinely.  A  few 
dabs  of  this  snowy-white,  non-irritating  cream  deodorant, 
applied  to  perspiration  areas,  will  almost  instantly  dispel  these 

odors.  MUM  does  not  interfere  with  normal  sweat 
gland  activity;  does  not  stain  clothing  or  bed  linen. 

MUM  is  also  efficient  for  deodorizing  sanitary  nap- 
kins, to  subdue  postpartum  odors,  for  deodorizing 
and  refreshing   hot,   tired   feet   and   as   an  aid    to 
every-day  grooming. 

BRISTOL-MYERS  COMPANY 

1241-00   Rue   Benoit,  Montreal,  Canada. 

MUM    TAKES    THE    ODOR    OUT    OF   STALE    PERSPIRATION 


^ 


>S^ 


NUPERCAINAL    Ciba ' 

A    highly   efficient    anolgesic    and    anti-pruritic    ointment    with    a 
prolonged  anaesthetic  action 

for  the  relief  from  pain  and  itching  in  affections  of  the  skin  and 
mucous  membranes,  such  as 

SUNBURN  BURNS  HAEMORRHOIDS 

ULCERS  BED-SORES  CRACKED  NIPPLES 

DRY  ECZEMA  PRURITUS  ANI  AND  VULVAE 

Tubes  of  one  ounce  and  jars  of  one  pound 
Professional  samples  on  request. 

Ciba  Company  Ltd.       -       Montreal 


The  American  Hospital  Bureau 

1825  Empire  State  Building 
New  York  City 

Offers  to  Hospit&li  in  Canada  and  the 
United  States  a  professional  placement 
service  for  Hospital  and  Nursing:  School 
Administrators,  Instructors,  Supervisors. 
Anaesthetists,  Dietitians,  Technicians,  and 
General  Duty  Nurses.  All  credentials  per- 
sonally rerified. 

C.  M.  Powell,  R.  N.,  Director 


THE  CENTRAL 

REGISTRY    OF    GRADUATE 

NURSES,   TORONTO 

Furnish  Nurses 
at  any  hour 
DAY  or  NIGHT 

TELEPHONE     Kmgsdale  2136 

Physicians'      and      Surgeons'      Bldg., 

86    Bloor   Street,    West,    TORONTO 

HELEN   CARRUTHERS.   Ktg.   N. 


ERGOAPIOL  (SMITH) 


•% 


^M^ 


Dosage : 

1  to  2  capsules  3  or  4  times 
laily.  Supplied  only  in  pack- 
ages of  20  capsules.  Literature 
on  request. 


A  Ifienstrual  Regulator  .  .  • 

When  the  periods  are  irregular,  due  to  constitutional 
causes,  Ergoapiol  (Smith)  is  a  reliable  prescription. 
In  cases  of  Amenorrhea,  Dysmenorrhea,  Menorrhagia 
and  Metrorrhagia,  Ergoapiol  serves  as  a  good  uterine 
tonic  and  hemostatic  and  is  valuable  for  the  men- 
strual irregularity  of  the  Menopause.  Prescribed  by 
physicians  throughout  the  world. 

MARTIIV  H.  SMITH  CO.  IVew  Yonk,  N.  Y. 


76 


'Now  for  a  Slick  Rubdown,  George ' 

"Can't  say  I  always  enjoy  a  bath,  do  you?  Often  seem  to 
get  soap  in  my  eye  or  something.  But  we  have  to  learn  to 
take  the  bitter  with  the  sweet  in  this  life,  eh  cousin  George? 
And  once  we  get  out  of  here  and  nurse  starts  slithering  that 
smooth  Johnson's  Baby  Powder  all  over  us  —  ummm  —  we 
sure  will  be  sweet!  Nothing  else  seems  to  put  me  in  such  a 
good  humour !" 

What  really  makes  so  many  babies  jubilant  about  Johnson's 
is  the  softness  and  "slip"  of  this  excel- 
lent powder  —  due,  of  course,  to  the 
fine  quality  talc. 

Johnson's  is  a  big  help  in  protecting 
babies'  skin  from  prickly  heat,  chafing, 
general  discomfort. 


JOHNSON'S 


BABY  POWDER 


77 


N6W  under-arm 

Cream  Deodorant 

safely 

Stops  Perspiration 


\ 


1.  Does  not  harm  dresses - 
irritate  skin. 


does  not 


2.  No  waiting  to  dry.  Can  be  used 
right  after  shaving. 

3.  Instantly  stops  perspiration  for  1 
to  3  days.  Removes  odor  from 
perspiration. 

4.  A  pure  white,  greaseless,  stainless 
vanishing  cream. 

5.  Arrid  has  been  awarded  the 
Approval  Seal  of  the  American 
Institute  of  Laundering,  for  being 
harmless  to  fabrics. 


Arrid  U  the  largest 
selling  deodorant  .  .  . 
Try  a  jar  today  — 
at  any  store  which 
sells   toilet   goods. 


ARRID 


39' 


|ar 


AT  ALL  STORES  WHICH  SELL  TOILET  GOODS 
(Also   in    15    cetit   and   39   cent  jara) 


lone 


Maple  Leaf  Alcohols 

Medicinal  Spirita,  Iodine  Solution,  Ab- 
solute Ethyl  B.P.,  Rubbing  Alcohol, 
Denatured     Alcohol,      Absolute     Methyl 

Adapted  to  hospital  service.  Tested  pre- 
cisely from  raw  materials  to  finished 
product.  All  formulae  according  to  Do- 
minion Department  of  Excise  Specifica- 
tions   and   the    British    Pharmacopoeia. 


Canadian 
Industrial    Alcohol 

COMPANY.  LIMITED 

Montreal    Corby ville    Toronto 
Winnipeg         Vancouver 


The  Ideal  Aperient 
for  Babies  and  Children 

ST@DMA]NlS 

%ctf^t7iKns  POWDERS 

Experienced  Nurses  know  that  these  fam- 
ous English  powders  are  ideal  for  fret- 
ful babies— during  teething — to  relieve 
feverishness  and  constipation — whenever  a 
safe  and  gentle  laxative  is  needed.  Free 
samples  gladly  supplied,  also  copies  of 
concise  practical  booklet,  "Hints  to 
Mothers". 

Address  JOHN  STEEDMAN  &  CO.. 
Dept.   10,  442   St.   Gabriel  Street.  Montreal. 


''^ 


Soothing,  cooling 
Mentholatum 
brings  quick  relief 
or  money  back.  Al- 
so for  chafing,  outs 
and  bruises.  Jars 
and  tubes,  30c 

B8 


MENTHOLATUM 

Gfyes  COMrORT  Dai/y 


4  Important  Factors  Insure  The  Uniform 
High  Quality  Of  Heinz  Strained  Foods! 


A  73-Year  Quality  Reputation 

Supports  Your 

Recommendation  of  Heinz 

Strained  Foods! 

TJ'OR  over  three  generations,  Canadian 
-■-  women  have  recognized  the  outstand- 
ing quality  of  products  bearing  the  famous 
keystone  label.  That's  why  mothers  know 
they  can  depend  implicitly  on  Heinz 
Strained  Foods  to  furnish  the  nourishment 
their  babies  need!  Remember,  too,  that 
these  1  5  delicious  ready-to-serve  foods — 
which  cost  no  more  than  ordinary  brands 
— are  ideal  for  the  soft-diet  patients  in 
your  care! 

H.  J.   Heinz  Company  of  Canada,   Ltd. 

STRAINED 
FOODS 


HEINZ 


Finest-grade  fruits, 
vegetables,  meats  and 
cereals  are  cooked  ac- 
cording to  scientific 
methods  developed  by 
Heinz  technicians  in 
co-operation  with  the 
Mellon  Institute  of 
Industrial  Research. 

To  preserve  vitamins 
and  minerals  in  high 
degree,  these  foods 
are  cooked  by  special 
process  and  vacuum- 
packed  in  enamel- 
lined  tins. 

Every  step  in  the  pre- 
paration  of  the 
superior  foods  is 
rigidly  checked  by 
Heinz  Quality  Con- 
trol Department. 

All  Heinz  Strained 
Foods  on  dealers' 
shelves  are  checked 
regularly  by  Heinz 
salesmen  and  replaced 
with  fresh  stocks  after 
a  limited  time. 


This  Name  Means  Safety  For  Baby 


15   NUTRITIOUS   KINDS! 

Mixed  Greens  •  Carrots  •  Peas 
Prunes  •  Beets  •  Vegetable 
Soup_  •  Beef  and  Liver  Soup 
Apricots  and  Apple  Sauce 
Tomato  Soup  •  Spinach  •  Green 
Beans  •  Cereal  •  Apples,  Pears 
and  Pineapple  •  Asparagus 
Apple  Sauce 


79 


The    Canadian   Nurse 

Registered   at   Ottawa.   Canada,    as   second   class   matter. 

Editor    and    Business    Manager: 
ETHEL   JOHNS.   Reg.   N..    1411    Crescent   Street.    Montreal.   P.Q. 


CONTENTS  FOR  FEBRUARY,  1942 

Genius  Loci      ___-__---_-85 

Afterthoughts  of  .\  Medical  Missio.n  to  Great  Brit.ain    -             W.  Pen^eld  86 

Fever  Therapy            _______          R.  G.  Armour  92 

Nursing  Care  of  Patients  During  Fever  Therapy  -         -        //.  Glendimiing  93 

On  Active  Service  at  Ho.vie  and  Abroad         ------  95 

Canadian  Orthopaedic  Unit  for  Scotl.\nd       ------  96 

"The  Glory  of  this  House'        __-__---  97 

Miss  Martin  Presents  her  Report        -         -         -         -         -     G.  M.  Hall  99 

Notes  from  the  National  Office           -------  101 

Louise  Brent  Goodson         _________  103 

Medals  Make  Magic            -------      E.  Naylor  104 

Standardization  of  Procedures    -          -----        G.  Jones  107 

Family  Health  in  Montreal         _         _         _     y[   r   Grignoti  and  M.  Olivier  109 

Hygiene  Familiale      -           -           -           -           -  M.   R.    Grignon   and  M.   Olivier  112 

At  Work  in  an  Indian  School      _         _         _         _           -        -     K.  Stewart  115 

Letters  from  Sweden           -------       E.  Lyster  117 

A  Hospital  Afloat     -____-  E.Schmeder  and  R.Wilson  121 

Correspondence  -         -         -         -         -         -         -         -         --123 

News  Notes      --------^--125 

Off  DiTY           ___________  134 


Subtcriplion   Price:    S2.00   per  year;    foreign   and   United   States   of   America,   $2.50;   20   cenu   a   copy. 

Cheques    and    money    orders    should    be   made    payable    to    The    Canadian    Sunt,    When    remitting    by 
cheque    IS    cents    should    be    added    to    cover    exchange. 

Pleaac    address    all    correspondence    to: 
Editor,    The    Canadian    Nurse,    1411    Crescent    Street,    Montreal,    P.Q. 


AnUSOL 

HEMORRHOIDAL 
SUPPOSITORIES 


FRICTION 

T3ELIEF  from  the  pain  and  discomfort  of 
-'-'-  hemorrhoids  depends  largely  upon  free- 
dom from  friction.  That  is  why  ANUSOL 
SUPPOSITORIES  contain  an  ointment  hase 
which  covers  the  rectal  mucous  membrane — 
a  soothing,  protective,  anti  -  friction  coating 
that  makes  possible  walking  with  comfort 
and  easy,  painless  evacuation  of  the  contents 
of  the  rectum. 

The  improvement  experienced  from  Anusol 
is  genuine.  There  is  no  masking  of  symptoms 
to  impart  a  false  sense  of  security,  because 
Anusol  does  not  contain  narcotic,  analgesic  or 
anesthetic  drugs.  In  this  manner,  rationally 
and  ^vithout  unfavorable  after-effects,  Anusol 
Suppositories  provide  symptomatic  relief  in 
hemorrhoids  and  other  inflammatory  rectal 
conditions. 

Because  of  the  professional  in- 
terest of  the  nurse  in  therapeutic 
measures,  we  shall  gladly  send 
a  trial  (juantitv  of  Anusol  Sup- 
j)0-iitorics  to  nurses  on  request. 


WILLIAM  R.  WARNER  &  CO.,  LTD.,  727  King  Street  West,  Toronto,  Ont. 


Reader's  Guide 


We  are  indebted  to  the  Canadian  Red 
Cross  Society  for  allowing  us  to  use  the 
striking  picture  of  a  Red  Cross  Nurse  on 
out-post  duty  which  adorns  the  cover.  Miss 
Isabel  McEwen,  superintendent  of  field 
nurses  for  the  Ontario  Division  of  the  Red 
Cross,  tells  us  that  during  the  winter  months 
a  nursing  service  is  maintained  in  Tober- 
mory, a  small  fishing  village,  very  beautiful 
in  summer  but  most  isolated  in  winter.  To- 
bermory is  57  miles  from  the  nearest  rail- 
way and  35  miles  from  the  nearest  doctor. 
This  little  village  is  often  shut  off  from 
the  outside  world  by  severe  snowstorms. 
About  six  years  ago  Mrs.  Doris  Kenny, 
graduate  of  the  School  of  Nursing  of  St. 
John's  Hospital,  Toronto,  did  six  months 
temporary  duty  and  this  service  proved  most 
helpful  to  the  community.  The  nurse  who 
is  now  on  duty  is  a  fully  qualified  public 
health  nurse  with  a  certificate  in  midwifery 
and  is  rendering  the  same  type  of  service 
as  that  originally  started  by  Mrs.  Kenny. 


The  Alumnae  Association  of  the  School 
of  Nursing  of  the  Royal  Victoria  Hospital 
recently  had  the  privilege  of  hearing  Dr. 
Wilder  Penfield  speak  on  his  medical  mis- 
sion to  England  and,  with  his  kind  permis- 
sion, the  substance  of  that  address  appears 
in  this  Journal.  Dr.  Penfield  is  internation- 
ally known  as  professor  of  neurology  and 
neuro-surgery  in  McGill  University  and  is 
the  Director  of  the  Montreal  Neurological 
Institute. 


be  a  good  idea  for  head  nurses  to  bind  these 
articles  in  a  folder  and  to  keep  them  on  their 
wards    for   reference   purposes. 


Dr.  R.  G.  Armour  and  Helen  Glendinning 

give  a  clear  outline  of  the  essential  factors 
in  the  nursing  care  of  patients  undergoing 
fever  therapy.  Both  these  articles  were  se- 
cured for  the  Journal  by  the  staff  nurses' 
committee  of  the  Toronto  General  Hospital. 
Dr.  .Armour  is  a  senior  neurologist  on  the 
staff  of  the  Toronto  General  Hospital  and 
Miss  Glendinning  is  a  nurse  technician  in 
the  fever  therapy  department  of  the  same 
hospital. 


Public  health  nurses  who  are  planning  to 
attend  the  general  meeting  of  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association  will  be  specially  in- 
terested in  what  Marie-Rose  Grignon  and 
Maria  Olivier  have  to  tell  about  family 
health  in  Montreal.  Mile  Grignon  is  visiting 
nurse  attached  to  the  Bruchesi  Institute 
and  Mile  Olivier  is  a  supervising  nurse  on 
the  staff  of  the  Department  of  Public 
Health,  City  of  Montreal. 


Gwladwen  Jones  makes  out  an  excellent 
case  for  the  standardization  of  hospital  nurs- 
ing procedures.  Miss  Jones  is  instructor  in 
the  School  of  Nursing  of  the  Toronto  Wes- 
tern Hospital. 


In   Notes   from   the   National   Office   you 

will  find  interesting  news  about  the  dis- 
tinguished persons  who  will  honour  us  with 
their  presence  at  the  General  Meeting  of 
the  Canadian  Nurses  Association  which  is 
to  be  held  in  Montreal  next  June. 


Do  you  remember  the  day  that  your  medal 
was  pinned  on  for  the  first  time?  Edith 
Naylor  helps  you  to  recall  the  thrill. 


This  issue  contains  the  third  and  last  in- 
stalment of  the  time  study  presented  in  nar- 
rative form  by  Gertrude  M.  Hall.  It  might 


An  interesting  glimpse  of  work  among  our 
own  Canadian  Indians  is  given  by  Kathleen 
Stewart,  who  is  on  duty  at  the  Residential 
School  at  Birtle,  Manitoba. 


82 


Ihe  answer 


THIS  18  WHAT  8-M-A  IS  .  . 


/ 


A  ecientifically  prepared  formula  for 
infants  deprived  of  breast  milk. 


THIS  IS  HOW  IT  IS 
PREPARED  


I.  Emrty  one  tishtly  S.  Add  enough  warm.  3.C>pbottU«nd  shak* 

packed  meaturinK  cup  previously  boiled  water  into   solution.   Feed   at 

of  S-M-A  Powder  Into  to  make  one  ounce.  body  temperature. 
bottle. 


THIS  IS  THE  WAY  IT  IS  FED 


THIS  IS  THE  ONLY 
SUPPLEMENT  REQUIRED.  . 


The  quantity  and  number  of  feedings  in  24  hours  should  be 
the  $anf»e  as  that  taken  by  the  normal  breast-fed  infant. 


r-z^ot^ANCe  juic-e. 


AND 


THIS  (in  a  nutshell)  \% 
the  Easy,  Economical  Way  used  by  an 
ever-increasing  numiber  of  physicians 
to  insure  excellent  nutritional  results. 


s.Mj\.-biochemical  division 


John  Wyeth  &  Brother  (Canada)  Limited     -     Walkerville,  Ontario 


•9 


/\l)lj&tt\ 


5 


HALIVER    MALT 

with  Viosterol 


JOH  N 
DILLON 
WALKE  R  f 

eat 
that 

c  e  re  a  I ! 


That  childreus  strong  likes  and  dislikes  for  many 
foods  are  a  frequent  cause  of  unbalanced  diets,  and 
that  unbalanced  diets  may  lead  to  vitamin  deficiency, 
are,  of  course,  obvious.  Obvious,  too,  in  the  case  of 
such  finicky — frequently  "spoiled" — youngsters,  are 
the  advantages  of  vitamin  supplements  which 
provide  the  desired  potency  in  very  small  bulk. 
Abbott's  Ilaliver  Malt  with  Viosterol  does  just  this 
...  It  contains  in  a  pleasant -tasting  vehich"  Halivcr 
Oil,  Viosterol,  Calcium,  Phosphorus,  Liver  (Concen- 
trate and  pure  Barley  Malt  Extract.  Specify  Abbott's 
Ilaliver  Malt  with  Viosterol  >vhen  recommending  a 
vitamin  supplement  for  finicky  children  .  .  .  and  for 
other  children  and  adults  as  well.  They'll  all  appre- 
ciate it.  Supplied  in  8  oz.  and  32  oz.  bottles.  Samples 
and  literature  will  be  sent  on  request.  Abbott 
Laboratories,  Ltd.,  20  Bat<s  Rd.,  Montreal. 


CANADIAN  NURSE 

A   MONTHLY   JOURNAL   FOR   THE   NURSES   OF   CANADA 
PUBLISHED   BY   THE   CANADIAN  NURSES  ASSOCIATION 


VOLUME  THIRTY-EIGHT 


NUMBER  TWO 


FEBRUARY,    1942 


Genius  Loci 


In  the  pleasant  month  of  June,  nurses 
from  every  province  in  Canada  v^'ill 
gather  in  Montreal  for  the  twenty- 
first  general  meeting  of  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association.  Unless  some  glo- 
rious miracle  comes  to  pass,  we  shall 
once  more  be  compelled  to  take  counsel 
with  one  another  under  the  shadow  of 
war.  Yet,  if  that  must  happen,  we  shall 
surely  find  inspiration  in  the  noble  and 
ancient  city  in  which  we  are  to  come 
together. 

Three  hundred  years  ago,  the  indo- 
mitable Jeanne  Mance,  Founder  of 
Canadian  nursing,  set  foot  in  the  little 
colony  at  the  foot  of  Mont  Royal.  For 
many  years,  Indian  warfare,  famine  and 
pestilence  were  destined  to  exact  a  ter- 
rible toll,  but  these  hardy  pioneers  held 
their  ground  with  a  tenacity  born  of 
the  conviction  that  they  were  the  build- 
ers of  a  young  and  vigorous  nation. 

It  should  be  profoundly  significant  to 
all  Canadian  nurses  that,  because  she 
was  a  woman  of  great  intelligence  and 

FEBRUARY.  1942 


fortitude  of  spirit,  Jeanne  Mance  ex- 
ercised a  profound  influence  over  the 
development  of  the  colony.  Her  con- 
tribution was  far  from  being  limited 
to  charity  and  good  works.  She  had  a 
clear  and  fearless  conception  of  the  so- 
cial and  economic  problems  which  were 
involved  and  possessed  the  statesman- 
like quality  which  was  so  eminently 
characteristic  of  Florence  Nightingale. 
These  two  women  would  have  under- 
stood and  respected  one  another.  Had 
they  met,  the  impact  of  one  good  mind 
upon  another  would  have  kindled  a 
flame  in  which  petty  differences  would 
have  vanished  like  smoke.  The  French 
woman  and  the  English  woman  would 
have  clasped  hands  and  gone  forward 
together  just  as  French-  and  English- 
speaking  Canadian  nurses  are  doins- 
today. 

Under  the  caption  of  Notes  from  the 
National  Office  in  this  issue  of  the 
Journal  it  is  announced  that  many  dis- 
tinguished   persons   are   to   speak   to    us 

8S 


86 


THE   CANADIAN    NURSE 


when  we  assemble  in  June.  The  mes- 
sage they  are  to  bring  will  be  all  the 
more  impressive  because  we  shall  listen 
to  it  in  the  great  city  which  Jeanne 
Mance  helped  to  build.  There  is  one 
pilgrimage  which  every  nurse  should 
make  in  her  honour  and  that  is  to  her 
owH  hospital  and  school  of  nursing  — 
I'Hotel-Dieu.    Here    you    may    see    and 


reverently  touch  the  porcelain  pharmacy 
jars  which  she  brought  out  with  her 
from  France  and  used  in  her  daily  work 
as  a  nurse.  Here  in  the  beautiful  mod- 
ern Hospital  you  will  feel  the  abiding 
presence  of  the  Genius  Loci  —  the 
Spirit  of  the  Place. 

-E.J. 


Afterthoughts  of  a  Medical  Mission 
to  Great  Britain 

Wilder  Penfield,  M.D.,  D.Sc. 


There  is  a  great  contrast  between 
present  day  life  in  Great  Britain  and 
life  here.  The  difference  lies  in  little 
things.  Over  there  the  individual  pat- 
terns of  activity  have  been  altered,  per- 
sonal incomes  reduced,  work  doubled. 
On  returning  here  I  had  the  feeling 
that  we  have  been  living  in  protected 
unreality.  We  have  none  of  us  reor- 
ganized our  lives  adequately  to  meet 
the  facts  of  this  war.  Take  nursing,  for 
example.  The  hours  of  service  here 
have  been  actually  shortened  since  war 
began;  an  excellent  move,  in  peacetime. 
But  a  shortage  of  nurses  may  well  be- 
come a  major  handicap  to  our  cause. 
To  know  the  meaning  of  total  war  we 
must  now  see  the  future  as  it  might  be, 
as  it  may  well  be  unless  every  element 
in  the  English  speaking  population  of 
the  world  does  its  maximum. 

You  may  imagine  that  it  is  a  curious 
experience  to  have  breakfast  quietly  in 
Westmount  and  the  next  day  to  drop 
down  through  the  clouds  over  England's 
green  and  pleasant  land.  That  is  what 
it  is  to  cr«ss  the  North  Atlantic  in  a 
bomber.  All  night  long  there  was  to  be 
seen  a  sort  of  abortive  sunrise  on  our 


left  because  of  the  fact  that  we  were  so 
far  north;  finally  the  sun  actually  rose 
and  found  us  flying  between  two  layers 
of  clouds.  The  result  was  a  brilliant 
sunrise  both  above  us  and  below  us. 
Farther  below,  through  gaps  in  the 
clouds,  the  sea  showed  still  black.  As  we 
approached  the  coastline,  a  submarine 
could  be  seen  making  a  long  line  of 
white  on  the  water  of  a  bay,  Factorias 
appeared;  a  lonely  smokestack  marked 
where  one  had  been  burned.  Then  the 
hedgerows,  marking  out  a  pleasant  pat- 
tern upon  a  carpet  of  green,  and  red 
roofs  with  idling  smoke  rising  from 
many  hearths  gave  colour  and  the  ap- 
pearance of  utter  peace.  Suddenly  we 
circled  down  and  the  journey  was  at 
an  end. 

It  is  a  curious  experience,  also,  to 
take  off  at  dawn  in  the  mists  of  a  Bri- 
tish harbour,  in  a  little  Catalina  flying 
boat,  and  to  settle  at  sunset  on  the  blue 
water  of  the  harbour  of  Lisbon,  at  a 
dock  where  the  American  flag  and  the 
Union  Jack  fly  together,  with  the  Por- 
tuguese flag  above  them.  Portugal  is 
the  only  remaining  international  eross- 
ways  left  in  Europe,  and  there  one  can 

Vol.  3S  No.  2 


MEDICAL    MISSION   TO    GREAT    BRITAIN       87 


still   meet,  or  shun,   men   of  every   na- 
tionality. 

In  London,  in  spite  of  many  areas  of 
destruction,  life  goes  on  as  lisual.  The 
headquarters  of  almost  everything  are 
to  be  found  there.  The  streets  are  as 
crowded  as  ever.  Uniforms  are  to  be 
seen  everywhere,  of  course,  but  there  is 
an  enormous  increase  in  the  number  of 
women  in  uniform.  All  three  of  the 
services  have  their  women's  auxiliaries, 
and  many  of  them  look  very  smart  in- 
deed as  they  walk  along  the  street  and 
salute  each  other,  and  on  occasion  I 
observed  that  the  saluting  crossed  the 
sex  boundary.  The  costumes  of  those 
women  who  are  not  in  uniform  show 
certain  additions  and  subtractions  even 
to  the  male  eye,  such  as  the  absence  of 
stockings,  compensated  for  by  staining 
of  the  lower  extremities,  and  the  ap- 
pearance of  trousers  where  I  least  ex- 
pected to  find  them. 

The  face  of  British  medicine  has  al- 
tered fundamentally.  Harley  Street  is 
empty.  The  consultant's  wife  now  does 
her  own  work  far  from  London.  Nurses 
have  followed  the  trek  of  the  hospital 
out  to  suburb  and  camp.  St.  Thomas' 
Hospital,  across  the  Thames  from  West- 
minster, describes  her  own  state  on  a 
huge  sign  on  the  river  front — "Down 
but  not  out."  Actually,  the  injury  to 
St.  Thomas'  is  due  not  so  much  to  a 
direct  hit  as  to  the  fact  that  the  whole 
hospital  was  built  upon  cement  floats 
placed  upon  the  river  mud.  German 
bombs  seem  to  fall  with  unerring  ac- 
curacy into  the  Thames  and  these  ex- 
plosions in  the  river  bottom  have  broken 
the  floats  by  indirect  action.  Neverthe- 
less, there  is  an  active  outpatient  depart- 
ment being  carried  on  somehow  in  this 
hospital. 

Germany  can  knock  things  down, 
but  there  is  something  she  can  never 
knock  out  and  that  is  the  courage,  the 
presence  of  mind,  the  sense  of  humour, 

FEBRUARY,  1943 


in  short,  the  "fight"  of  the  common 
English  man.  Sir  Charles  Sherrington, 
once  my  teacher  at  Oxford,  told  me  of 
going  out  to  get  a  better  view  of  a 
"blitz"  last  winter  in  a  London  suburb. 
He  found  a  postman  standing  by  the 
pillar  box  and  realized  that  it  was  about 
five  minutes  before  the  time  for  the 
next  mail  collection.  A  plane  came  near 
and  a  bomb  fell  close  by.  Sherrington 
said  to  the  postman,  "Better  take  those 
letters  and  come  with  me  to  a  shelter." 
"Oh,  no",  said  the  man,  "that's  wot 
'itler  wants  me  to  do.  I'm  staying  'ere." 
I  know  of  no  better  answer  to  Hitler's 
indiscriminate  bombing  than  the  parable 
of  this  postman. 

In  the  re-organization  of  British  med- 
icine the  Emergency  Medical  Service 
(E.M.S.)  has  played  the  most  important 
role.  The  details  of  this  organization 
may  be  discussed,  for  they  are  printed 
in  their  own  pamphlets.  The  general 
plan  was  worked  out  by  the  Ministry 
of  Health,  which  retains  directing  con- 
trol. Except  for  the  special  hospitals 
under  the  Army,  Navy  and  Air  Force, 
which  are  relatively  few  in  number,  all 
the  best  hospitals  in  Great  Britain  have 
been  enrolled  in  the  E.M.S.  They  are 
included  in  a  comprehensive  scheme  to 
serve  the  displaced  population  of  Great 
Britain  and  are  organized  for  rapid  eva- 
cuation of  patients  from  any  areas  in 
which  fighting  may  occur.  These  hos- 
pitals admit  immediately  all  civil  and 
military  casualties,  that  may  result  from 
enemy  action,  at  the  expense  of  the 
Government.  They  also  admit  ordinary 
patients  on  a  different  basis.  A  large 
number  of  centres  have  been  set  up  for 
the  various  medical  specialties  and 
E.M.S.  consultants  go  about  through 
the  country  wherever  needed. 

The  plan  for  evacuation  of  casualties 
and  the  sick  from  London  may  be  des- 
cribed somewhat  in  detail.  Each  of  the 
large  London  hospitals  has  become  the 


ss 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


focal  point  of  a  sector  which  extends  out 
from  the  centre  of  London  for  a  dis- 
tance of  40  to  50  miles.  There  are  nine 
such  sectors,  one  for  each  of  the  London 
hospitals:  St.  Bartholomew's,  Univer- 
sity College  Hospital,  Middlesex  Hos- 
pital, St.  Mary's  Hospital,  St.  George's 
with  Char.'ng  Cross  Hospital,  Guy's 
Hospital,  St.  Thomas'  Hospital  and 
King's  College  Hospital.  Each  of  these 
sectors  's  shaped  somewhat  like  a  piece 
of  pie  the  point  in  London.  The  medical 
and  nursing  staff  in  the  various  E.M.S. 
hospitals  in  that  sector  is  provided,  to 
some  extent,  from  the  corresponding 
London  hospital.  Patients  seen  in  the 
outpatient  clinics  of  the  parent  hospital 
are  sent  out  into  the  corresponding  sec- 
tors, and  the  bomb  casualties  which  may 
be  brought  to  each  London  hospital  are 
likewise  sent  out  rapidly  b)-  ambulance 
into  the  corresponding  sector  after  ini- 
tial operation  or  first-aid  treatment. 
Thus  the  teaching  hospitals  are  being 
used  for  the  treatment  of  emergency 
cases,  to  conduct  outpatient  clinics  and 
to  serve  as  evacuation  centres. 

E.M.S.  hospitals  are  paid  by  the  Gov- 
ernment to  keep  certain  blocks  of  beds 
always  ready  for  the  reception  of  casual- 
ties. These  are  usually  arranged  in  wards 
fully  equipped  for  the  treatment  of 
shock.  Arrangements  are  made  for  ra- 
pid transfusions  or  intravenous  injec- 
tions of  blood  substitutes.  Li  general, 
whole  blood,  serum,  and  plasma  seem 
to  be  used  almost  equally  throughout 
Great  Britain.  The  sick  of  the  general 
population  are  accepted  with  the  same 
arrangement  as  usual,  namely  that  a 
charge  of  five  pounds,  two  and  eight- 
pence  is  made  per  week  for  care  on  the 
public  ward  if  the  individual  is  able  to 
pay;  if  he  is  not  able  to  pay,  the  case  is 
referred  to  a  social  service  worker  who 
secures  what  she  can.  If,  on  the  other 
hand,  a  civilian  is  injured  by  enemy  ac- 
tion, he  is  admitted  and  cared  for  at  the 


expense  of  the  Government  on  exactly 
the  same  footing  with  the  soldier  who 
is  injured  by  enemy  action.  Thus  milf- 
tar)"  and  civil  cases  are  cared  for  in  tht- 
same  wards  very  frequently. 

The  evacuation  scheme  may  be  il- 
lustrated by  describing  the  arrangement 
in  sector  2.  There  is  a  local  director,  Dr. 
X,  in  this  sector  whose  headquarters  are 
in  a  small  suburb.  Evacuation  of  patients 
to  any  one  of  the  56  E.M.S.  hospitals 
in  this  region  is  directed  by  him.  He  is 
able  to  evacuate  from  this  sector  into 
other  sectors  if  desired.  In  the  sector 
supervised  by  Dr.  X  there  are  certain 
specialist  units  (neurosurgical,  orthopae- 
dic and  plastic),  but  these  special  centre:> 
are  not  duplicated  in  every  sector.  In 
case  of  invasion,  Dr.  X  has  arrani!;cd 
to  have  three  large  base  hospitals,  which 
would  probably  be  in  the  pathway  of  the 
attack,  to  evacuate  at  once  four  hundred 
patients  each  to  other  hospitals  so  as 
to  provide  empty  beds  there.  Then  if 
these  hospitals  should  be  cut  off  from 
his  directing  supervision,  they  will  con- 
tinue to  evacuate  along  certain  pre-ar- 
ranged lines.  The  ambulance  drivers 
who  carry  patients  from  the  scene  of 
accident  or  bomb  explosions  are  volun- 
teers, both  men  and  women.  I  fre- 
quently heard  high  tribute  paid  to  them, 
especially  to  the  women  who  seem  to 
keep  a  steady  hand  at  the  wheel  under 
the  most  trying  circumstances. 

\Vhat  about  the  level  of  efficiency  m 
most  of  the  E.M.S.  hospitals?  Well,  as 
might  be  expected,  it  varies  a  great  deal. 
The  best  staffed  hospitals  are  the  Cana- 
dian Base  Hospitals.  This  may  seem  a 
just  cause  for  pride,  but  comparisons  are 
not  fair  because  our  university  groups 
are  held  together  whereas  their  univer- 
sity' staffs  are  scattered  out  and  taken 
for  army,  navy,  and  air  force  medical 
services.  The  army  is  now  still  under- 
staffed about  1000  men  on  their  medical 
service.  The  result  i~  tliat  some  E.M.S. 


Vol.   38  No.  2 


MEDICAL    MISSION    TO    GREAT    BRITAIN       89 


hospitals,  which  may  be  called  of  second 
rank,  may  have  one  medical  man  for 
200  beds. 

The  quality  of  practice  is  held  up  to  a 
proper  level  by  a  very  effective  universal 
system  of  recurring  visits  by  the  best 
British  consultants  to  all  E.M.S.  hospi- 
tals. Certain  medical  sp>ecialties  have 
been  given  opportunities  for  great  de- 
velopment. Consultants  have  been  ap- 
pointed in  these  various  specialties,  for 
each  of  the  medical  services,  and  a  still 
more  numerous  set  of  specialists  and 
consultants  have  been  appointed  for  the 
Emergency  Medical  Service.  From  the 
point  of  view  of  numbers  these  special- 
ties may  be  listed  as  follows:  Orthopae- 
dic comes  first  with  20  centres,  and 
there  are  1 1  orthopaedic  sections  in 
military  hospitals  and  5  sections  in 
R.A.F.  hospitals.  Next  in  number  of 
centres  in  the  E.M.S.  is  neurosurgery, 
thoracic  surgery,  neurosis,  plastic  sur- 
gery. 

Road  accidents  are  a  constant  cause 
of  injury,  especially  during  the  black-out 
and  when  army  manoeuvres  are  in  pro- 
gress. In  these  movements  the  motor- 
cycle is  the  cause  of  many  injuries.  In 
one  large  head-injuries  hospital  25  per 
cent  of  the  patients  were  admitted  after 
motorcycle  crashes.  The  wearing  of 
crash  helmets  by  dispatch  riders  has  con- 
siderably reduced  the  mortality  of  such 
accidents. 

The  non-fatal  injuries  that  result 
from  bomb  explosions  resemble,  for  the 
most  part,  the  products  of  civil  accidents, 
except  that  there  is  extensive  damage 
to  soft  parts  and  the  wounds  are.  very 
dirty.  Dust  and  gravel  are  ground  into 
the  tissue.  There  are  often  face  burns 
as  the  result  of  the  fact  that  the  glowing 
contents  of  a  fireplace  may  be  blown  out 
into  the  faces  of  those  who  sit,  in  cozy 
fashion,  about  it.  Eyes  may  thus  be  put 
out  or  bits  of  flying  glass  from  windows 
driven  into  the  soft  tissues.  The  modern 

FEBRUARY,  1942 


aerial  bomb  has  an  enormous  bursting 
charge.  Small  fragments  such  as  bits 
of  its  casing  may  fly  off  at  such  a  high 
rate  of  speed  that  they  penetrate  to  a 
considerable  depth,  and  unsuspected 
minute  fragments  have  been  discovered 
only  by  x-ray  to  be  lodged  within  the 
brain  and  other  parts  of  the  body.  These 
fragments  are  rendered  sterile  by  heat, 
no  doubt,  and  can  be  left  alone. 

Air-borne  contamination  of  wounds 
and  cross  infections  in  hospitals  has  been 
a  problem  that  has  occupied  a  great  deal 
of  attention.  This  has  resulted  in  serious 
reconsideration  of  surgical  technique.  It 
has  led  to  the  widespread  practice  of 
treating  wooden  and  linoleum  floors 
with  spindle  oil  upon  the  suggestion  of 
Van  den  Ende,  an  associate  of  Sir  Hen- 
vy  Dale  in  the  National  Institute  for 
Medical  Research.  A  further  method 
of  oiling  blankets  is  soon  to  be  published 
in  the  British  Medical  Journal  by  the 
same  worker  and  his  associates.  These 
precautions  cut  down  the  number  of 
pathogenic  organisms  in  the  air  of  sur- 
gical wards  greatly.  When  such  pre- 
cautions are  not  taken  it  is  found  that, 
for  the  hour  followinjj  bed  making"  and 
for  a  period  following  sweeping  of  the 
floor,  the  air  of  surgical  wards  is  filled 
with  dangerous  organisms  capable  of 
contaminating  open  wounds. 

The  teaching  of  Trueta,  who  used 
the  plaster  treatment  of  Winnett  Orr 
during  the  war  in  Spain,  has  influenced 
British  surgery  profoundly.  Plaster  is 
used  a  great  deal  more  and  open  wounds 
are  often  enclosed  in  plaster  and  left  for 
weeks  without  dressing.  This  does  avoid 
the  danger  of  cross  contamination.  It 
gives  the  wounds  rest  and,  if  the  initial 
surgical  excision  of  the  wound  was  ade- 
quate, the  results  are  excellent,  even  in 
the  presence  of  multiple  compound  frac- 
tures. Such  wounds  frequently  develop 
a  foul  odour  that  can  be  checked  only 
by  the  use  of  a  specially  treated  bas:,  <'» 


90 


THE  CANADIAN  NURSE 


modified  gas  mask  applied  to  the  limb 
itself.  These  good  results  seem  to  occur 
without  the  bacteriostatic  blessing  of  a 
sulphonamide,  but  it  must  be  admitted 
that  chemotherapy  may  have  played  a 
role  in  the  general  success  of  the  me- 
thod. 

It  is  interesting  to  see  the  various 
types  of  precautions  that  have  been  taken 
for  adequate  blackout.  In  the  Royal 
Infirmary  in  Edinburgh  the  windows 
have  been  painted  a  sort  of  orange  red 
colour  so  that  during  the  day  they  ad- 
mit that  kind  of  light.  At  night  blue 
electric  lights  are  used  for  illumination 
with  the  result  that  no  light  escapes, 
inasmuch  as  blue  and  the  shade  of  yellow 
used  are  complementary. 

In  some  hospitals  large  frames  made 
of  wood  and  paper  are  lifted  into  place 
at  dusk  and  taken  off  in  the  morning 
in  order  to  provide  for  blackout.  This 
was  the  method  used  in  St.  Hugh's  Hos- 
pital in  Oxford.  The  nurses  complained 
that  it  was  a  good  deal  of  a  nuisance, 
and  yet  it  seemed  more  effective  than 
the  double  layers  of  curtains  that  were 
used  in  so  many  other  hospitals.  What- 
ever the  arrangement  is,  the  "blacking- 
out"  process  is  a  detail  that  calls  for  a 
great  deal  of  time  and  attention,  and 
fire  wardens  are,  as  a  rule,  quick  to 
complain  of  any  escape  of  light. 

However,  there  is  a  more  serious 
problem  in  regard  to  windows,  and 
that  is  to  prevent  them  being  blown  in 
as  the  result  of  blast  when  bombs  fall 
even  at  a  considerable  distance.  Many 
of  the  injuries  which  patients  sustain  are 
due  to  flying  glass,  or  they  may  be  the 
result  of  live  cinders  blown  from  a 
fireplace  or  stove.  Many  of  the  new 
hospitals,  particularly  the  hutted  hos- 
pitals and  those  in  the  country,  have 
their  wards  on  the  ground  floor.  In 
general,  a  brick  wall  is  often  built  so  as 
to  come  up  almost  to  the  top  of  the 
window   and    placed    a    few    feet   from 


the  window.  This  is  the  method  adopted 
in  front  of  stores  and  buildings  in  Lon- 
don. Sometimes  the  brick  wall  will  go 
up  well  above  the  windows  of  the  first 
floor. 

In  some  hospitals  the  windows  are 
actually  bricked  up,  excepting  for  a 
small  square  at  the  top.  Doorways,  like- 
wise, are  apt  to  have  brick  walls  placed 
directly  in  front  of  them  so  as  to  cut 
down  the  effect  of  immediate  blast. 
That  is  also  true  of  the  large  buildings 
in  London,  and  one  enters  the  front 
door  of  such  a  building  as  though  com- 
ing through  a  maze. 

In  Manchester  the  Royal  Infirmary 
is  spread  out  over  a  great  deal  of  ter- 
ritory, and  is  made  up  of  long,  low  build- 
ings. In  some  of  the  wards  they  have 
actually  bricked  up  the  windows  com- 
pletely, leaving  some  sort  of  an  opening 
for  indirect  ventilation  but  cutting  out 
all  light  whatever  from  the  windows. 
They  have  then  installed  white  vapour 
lights.  These  wards  are  quite  cheery. 
The  patients  seem  to  like  them,  and  I 
should  think  that  they  would  be  a  great 
source  of  comfort  to  the  nursing  staff 
as  it  would  be  no  longer  necessary  to 
place  the  patients  under  their  beds  to 
protect  them  from  flying  glass  or  to 
take  them  to  shelters. 

None  of  the  shelters  will  protect 
against  a  direct  hit,  for  shelters  in  gen- 
eral are  built  with  a  covering  on  the 
top  no  thicker  than  six  to  eight  inches, 
unless  they  can  be  ten  feet  deep,  which, 
for  the  most  part,  is  out  of  the  ques- 
tion. Consequently,  shelters  protect 
against  adjacent  hits,  and  a  well  con- 
structed building  does  the  same  to  some 
extent.  The  Haslar  Naval  Hospital, 
which  is  particularly  exposed,  at  Ports- 
mouth has  shock  wards  and  operating 
rooms  nicely  installed  in  the  catacombs 
under  the  buildings.  They  have  outdoor 
air  raid  shelters  dug  into  the  ground  and 
cellars  which  will  take  their  patients. 

Vol.  38  No.  2 


MEDICAL   MISSION   TO    GREAT    BRITAIN       91 


The  most  convenient  arrangements 
for  shelters  that  I  saw  in  England  were 
at  No.  5  Canadian  General  Hospital. 
They  have  placed  brick  shelters  between 
each  pair  of  hutted  wards,  and  the 
shelter  can  be  entered  by  a  large  door 
so  that  beds  can  easily  be  wheeled  in. 
These  shelters  are  so-called  "surface" 
shelters,  similar  to  those  in  the  streets 
of  London,  built  with  a  fourteen  inch 
brick  wall  and  eight  inch  concrete  roof; 
the  doors  are  gastight;  there  are  no 
windows.  There  is  forced  ventilation 
with  an  air  intake  by  means  of  chim- 
neys thirt}'-eight  feet  tall.  That  k  above 
the  level  of  a  poison  gas  that  might  be 
heavier  than  air.  Those  shelters  will 
house  all  the  patients,  including  twenty- 
five  per  cent  of  them  in  bed. 

Perhaps  the  actual  physical  aspects 
of  the  different  Canadian  Hospitals 
might  be  of  interest  to  you.  I  have  just 
mentioned  No.  5  Canadian  General 
Hospital,  the  Winnipeg  unit.  It  was  built 
on  a  lovely  estate  by  the  Canadian  Red 
Cross.  It  is  in  many  ways  the  best 
hutted  hospital  that  I  saw  in  Great 
Britain. 

There  are  two  main  parallel  covered 
corridors  which  are  one-fifth  of  a  mile 
in  length.  At  one  end  of  the  front  cor- 
ridor is  the  reception  building  of  pleas- 
ing appearance  and  with  a  circular  drive 
in  front  of  it.  The  front  corridor  has 
extending  back  from  it  a  series  of  huts 
which  contain  various  services,  adminis- 
tration units,  and  wards  with  beds  for 
sixty  officers.  From  the  back  corridor 
and  extending  outward  toward  the  ad- 
jacent park  are  fifteen  huts,  each  con- 
taining a  men's  ward  with  a  small 
covered  porch  at  the  end.  These  are 
built  well  of  brick.  They  have  large 
French  windows,  which  are  quite  strong 
but  which  create  a  little  too  much 
draught  on  the  patients.  The  windows 
are  screened.  Each  hut  contains  thirty- 
six   beds.   The   beds  are   the   most   ser- 

FEBRUARY,  1942 


viceable  Simmons  variety,  one  in  every 
five  having  a  gatch  folding  spring,  and 
the  mattresses  are  good.  Heating  is  by 
hot  water.  There  are  two  alternative 
sources  of  electric  current;  they  have 
electrically  heated  carts  to  carry  the 
food  from  the  central  kitchen,  and  the 
kitchens  are  of  good  modern  equipment. 
The  hospital  contains  six  hundred  beds, 
which  are  at  present  85  per  cent  oc- 
cupied. Three-quarters  to  four-fifths  of 
the  patients  are  Canadians  and  the  rest 
are  British  soldiers.  There  is  nothing 
excessive  nor  unnecessary  in  this  outlay, 
and  the  surroundings  of  the  hospital  are 
very  pleasant. 

No.  15  General  Hospital  is  the  To- 
ronto unit.  This  unit  and  No.  5  from 
Winnipeg  arrived  in  England  almost 
simultaneously.  No.  15  was  the  first  to 
be  in  operation  by  a  short  margin.  This 
hospital  is  roughly  housed  in  hutments 
which  were  built  after  the  war  began. 
The  situation  is  rather  forlorn  and  the 
district  uncultivated.  The  wards  are 
large  and  seem  to  have  a  fairly  satisfac- 
tory arrangement.  Only  a  few  of  them 
have  an  eight-foot  brick  wall  which 
would  protect  the  patients  from  side 
blast  in  case  of  air  raids.  From  the  other 
huts  which  are  of  wood  it  was  necessary 
to  evacuate  patients  during  raids.  There 
are  seven  hundred  beds  here,  and  a 
hundred  and  fifty  more  are  being  built. 
This  hospital  has  been  extremely  busy, 
having  cared  for  ten  thousand  patients, 
I  am  told,  in  the  past  year,  and  has 
seen  fifteen  thousand  out-patients.  The 
morale  is  high  and  the  results  impres- 
sive. 

No.  1  General  Hospital,  which  ori- 
ginated for  the  most  part  in  Montreal 
and  is  under  the  leadership  of  Lt.  Colo- 
nels Keith  Gordon  and  S.  J.  Martin, 
is  placed  at  a  greater  distance  from  the 
main  body  of  Canadian  troops  than  the 
other  hospitals.  The  portion  of  the  hos- 
pital which  is  now  in  use  is  made  up  of 


92 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


huts,  fourteen  in  all  as  I  remember,  ar- 
ranged in  an  attractive  manner  arounti 
a  large  well-gardened  court.  A  covered 
passage-way  runs  around  the  court  and 
the  huts  extend  outward  from  it.  Each 
hut  contains  one  ward,  heated  quite 
adequately,  I  am  told,  by  two  small 
stoves.  Adjacent  to  these  huts  new 
buildings  are  at  present  going  up  which 
will  provide  for  considerable  expansion. 
No.  14  General  Hospital  is  also  a 
Montreal  unit  under  Colonel  Albert 
Ross,  Lt.  Cols.  Montgomery  and  Mc- 
intosh, It  arrived  in  England  last  sum- 
mer. They  moved  at  once  into  a  pre- 
viously occupied  hutted  hospital  and  got 
under  way  immediately.  Lt.  Col.  Mcin- 
tosh organized  the  operating  rooms  and 
service  quickly,  and  the  x-ray  was  well 
organized  under  Major  Gosselin.  They 
have  now  gone  to  new  quarters.  No.  1 
Neurological  Hospital,  whose  staff  is 
made  up  of  combined  Montreal  and  To- 
ronto groups,  was  eventually  located  in 
a  large  country  house,  called  Hackwood 
House,  which  belongs  to  Lord  Cam- 
rose,  publisher  of  the  Daily  Telegraph. 


The  arrangements  are  less  satisfactory 
than  in  the  Canadian  General  Hospitals, 
Huts,  however,  have  been  built,  with 
many  delays,  in  the  adjacent  grounds. 
When  finished,  these  huts  will  bring 
the  total  capacity  up  to  about  three  hun- 
dred. The  country  surrounding  this  unit 
is  lovely.  The  work  of  the  unit  has 
been  outstanding,  both  on  the  neuro- 
surgical and  on  the  neurological  side. 

Among  the  afterthoughts  of  my  trip 
to  Britain  the  outstanding  impression  is 
the  heroic  adjustment  of  the  ordinary 
man  and  woman  to  this  war.  Each  has 
experienced  loss,  privation,  fear.  Each 
individual  has  thought  what  invasion 
of  that  island  would  mean  to  him  or  to 
her.  Each  has  seen  other  countries  in- 
vaded, heard  horrid  stories,  looked  facts 
in  the  face,  and  has  then  said  to  himself, 
"there  can  be  no  labour  and  no  priva- 
tion which  is  not  better  than  that."  Con- 
sequeiitly,  they  turn  to  longer  working 
hours  and  frequent  overtime  with  gai- 
ety and  a  sense  of  relief,  for  they  know 
now  the  meaning  of  total  war  in  a  free 
country. 


Fever  Therapy 

R.  G.  Armour,  M.  B. 


For  many  ^•ears  the  beneficial  effects 
of  high  fever  on  syphilis  of  the  central 
nervous  system  have  been  recognized. 
This  has  been  particularly  true  of  gen- 
eral paresis,  and  also  in  many  of  those 
indeterminate  cases  whose  Wassermann 
and  other  reactions  do  not  become  ne- 
gative under  prolonged  arsenical,  bis- 
muth and  mercury  treatment.  Towards 
the  end  of  the  last  war  hyperpyrexia  was 


being  induced  by  artificial  inoculation 
with  malaria,  and  this  form  of  treat- 
ment is  still  extensively  used.  It  has 
many  advantages,  such  as  the  possibility 
of  carrying  it  out  in  small  hospitals  any- 
where, or  even  in  the  home.  The  fevers 
occur  every  second  day  or  even  every 
day,  and  so  the  ten  fevers  desired  can 
be  fitted  into  three  weeks  or  less.  Dis- 
advantages,  however,   are   that   the   fe- 

Vol.   38  No.  2 


F  E  V  K  R   THERAPY' 


93 


Acrs  are  not  so  easily  controlled  as  those 
•electrically  induced.  Cases  which  have 
once  been  inoculated  and  cured  of  their 
malaria  cannot  be  re-inoculated,  having 
apparently  acquired  an  immunity.  Fi- 
nally some  difficulty  and  delay  is  fre- 
<juently  experienced  in  getting  the  ma- 
larial organism  to  proliferate  in  the  blood 
stream. 

Contra-indications  are  practically  the 
same  against  both  malaria  and  electri- 
cally   induced    hyperpyrexia.    It    is    not 


entirely  safe  to  employ  either  in  cases 
of  cerebrospinal  lues  that  have  had  a 
comparatively  recent  acute  incident. 
Such  cases  are  better  given  a  preparatory 
course  of  bismuth  or  mercury.  Old 
patients,  especially  those  with  marked 
arteriosclerosis  or  myocardial  degenera- 
tion are  not  regarded  as  good  risks. 
Other  contra-indications  are  any  serious 
form  of  heart  disease,  aortic  aneurysm 
of  marked  severity,  renal  disease,  pul- 
monary disease,  chronic  or  acute. 


Nursing  Care  of  Patients  During    Fever  Therapy 


Helen    Glendinning 


There  is  some  variation  in  the  opin- 
ion concerning  the  optimal  height  of 
the  temperature,  the  duration  of  the  in- 
dividual treatments  and  the  total  num- 
ber of  hours  of  treatment  necessary  to 
obtain  good  results,  but  here  we  believe 
that  patients  improve  after  a  course  of 
treatments,  given  one  a  week  for  ten 
weeks  at  a  temperature  of  105.2  de- 
grees Fahrenheit  (rectal)  for  five  hours 
at  a  time. 

Preparation  of  the  patient  for  fever 
treatment  consists  of  a  thorough  physical 
examination,  the  forcing  of  fluids  for 
twenty-four  hours,  a  cleansing  enema, 
a  scanty  breakfast  (such  as  tea  and 
toast)  and  luminal  grains  one  and  a  half, 
all  being  given  on  the  ward  before  the 
patient  is  sent  to  the  Department  at 
8.30  a.m.  A  consent  to  fever  therapy 
sheet  must  be  signed  by  the  patient  and 
a  witness  before  the  first  treatment  is 
given.  This  agrees  to  exempt  everyone 
from  blame  arising  from  unforeseen 
complications  such  as  burns,  skin  erup- 
tions and  circulatory  collapse. 

FEBRUARY,  1942 


The  patient  is  placed  in  the  fever 
cabinet,  with  a  light  blanket  over  him 
which  is  removed  once  the  treatment 
is  started.  This  type  of  machine  is  the 
standard  cabinet  used  by  the  Ontario 
Government  and  is  air-conditioned  with 
the  humidity  of  90  percent.  The  pa- 
tient's temperature  is  gradually  raised 
until  105.2  degrees  Fahrenheit  (rectal) 
has  been  attained,  with  a  duration  of 
five  hours  at  that  level.  The  producing 
of  artificial  fever  must  be  gradual  and 
usually  requires  one  to  one  and  a  half 
hours  to  attain  desired  temperature.  The 
patient  feels  very  uncomfortable  and  is 
sometimes  delirious  when  his  tempera- 
ture reaches  103  to  104  degrees,  but 
once  above  that  level  becomes  quite 
normal  again.  The  pulse  and  tempera- 
ture (per  axilla)  are  taken  and  recorded 
every  five  minutes  and  the  patient  is 
never  left  alone.  The  treatment  room 
should  be  bright,  airy  and  quiet. 

Fluid  intake  is  important.  The  pa- 
tient's system  reacts  better  with  fairly 
large    amounts    of    water    (2000-3000 


94 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


c.c.)  thus  avoiding  dehydration  and  the 
consequent  instabih'ty  of  the  body's  heat 
regulating  mechanism.  The  loss  of  salts 
through  perspiration  is  compensated  for 
by  the  administration  of  sodium  chloride 
in  capsule  form.  The  patient  is  given 
one  capsule  (fifteen  grains)  shortly 
after  commencing  treatment,  then  one 
at  hourly  intervals  for  five  hours.  If 
the  patient  becomes  nauseated,  orange 
or  lemon  juice  with  added  sugar  has 
proved  helpful.  Morphia  grains  one- 
sixth  or  grains  one-quarter  has  been 
used  with  satisfaction  when  the  patient 
becomes  agitated,  restless  or  noisy.  Some 
patients  have  been  found  to  go  through 
the  whole  course  of  treatment  without 
sedative.  Ice  compresses  to  the  head 
and  back  of  the  neck  add  to  the  comfort 
of  the  patient  and  are  started  when  the 
temperature  reaches  104.4  degrees 
(rectal).  The  amount  of  water  and  ice 
compresses  are  limited  until  desired 
temperature  is  attained. 

The  pulse  rate  increases  on  the  aver- 
age of  ten  beats  per  one  degree  rise  in 
temperature  and  the  pulse  rate  in  most 
cases  is  never  allowed  to  go  beyond  150 
per  minute.  Ice  compresses  over  the 
heart  and  in  the  axilla  are  often  used 
to  slow  down  an  advancing  pulse  rate. 
Emergencies  arise  in  every  form  of  active 
treatment.  Evidence  of  impending  cir- 
culatory collapse  such  as  rapidly  increas- 
ing pulse  rate,  intense  facial  cyanosis  or 
marked  fall  in  blood  pressure  call  for 
immediate  termination  of  treatment. 
Coramine,  intravenous  of  normal  saline 
and  oxygen  are  in  readiness  at  all  times. 
Intravenous  fluid  is  a  quick  way  of  cool- 


ing the  body  as  well  as  supporting  a 
circulation  which  is  failing  from  too 
much   dilatation. 

Cooling    procedures    must    be     used 
with  discretion.  The  patient  should   be 
cooled  gradually  by  means  of  an  electric 
fan  and  ice  compresses,  the  temperature 
dropping     about     four     points     (four- 
tenths  of  one  degree)   in   five  minutes. 
One    whole    degree    in   temperature    in 
five  minutes  both  in  heating  and  cooling 
seems  too  rapid  for  the  cardio-vascular 
system.  When  a  temperature  of   104.4 
degrees  has  been  reached,  the  patient  is 
covered  with  a  blanket  and  the  service 
doors   of   the    cabinet   opened    and    the 
heat  inside  of  the  cabinet  is  fanned  out. 
The  patient  is  removed  from  the  ma- 
chine when  a  temperature  of   101    de- 
grees is  reached,  and  placed  in  a  fever 
bed  and  kept  in  the  Department  until 
the  temperature  is  reduced  to  99.4  de- 
grees (rectal)  by  alcohol  rubs.  Cooling 
requires   from   one   to   one   and   a   half 
hours.   The  patient's  skin   must  be   ex- 
amined well  for  any  redness  or  blister- 
ing.   The    patient    is    returned    to    the 
ward  and  has  a  light  supper,  remaining 
in  bed  until  the  following  morning  when 
(in  most  cases)   he  rises,  has  breakfast 
and  returns  home  or  to  business.  He  is 
advised  to  drink  plenty  of  fluids,  milk, 
water,  and  fruit  juices,  with  a  diet  high 
in   carbohydrates.   The   patients  seldom 
lose  weight,  but  if  they  do,  it  is  readily 
gained    following    the    termination    of 
treatments.  The  patients  are  advised  to 
report   back   to   the   Special   Treatment 
Clinic   for  a  further  course  in   chemo- 
therapy. 


Nurses  Wanted  for  the  Crenfell  Mission 


Three  nurses  are  urgently  needed  for  the 
Grenfell  Mission — »ne  for  hospital  service 
and  two  for  duty  in  nursing  stations.  Even 
in  time  of  war,  this  vitally  important  work 
must  not  be  allowed  to  suffer  for  want  of 


nurses.  Full  particulars  may  be  obtained 
from  Miss  E.  G.  Graham,  Grenfell  La- 
brador Medical  Mission,  48  Sparks  St., 
Ottawa. 


Vol.  38  No.  2 


Courtesy  of  the  Montreal  GatetU 

For  service  hi  South  Africa:  Muriel  Delo?ig,  Helen  McQueen,  Mildred  Goodilly 
Agnes  Hnss,  Frances  Melkman,  Janet  Dunn,  Georgina  Young,  Emily  Groene- 

IV  aid. 


On  Active  Service  at  Home  and  Abroad 


The  following  Canadian  Nursing 
Sisters  have  recently  been  enrolled  for 
military  service  in  South  Africa: 

Alberta:  Ruth  Turnbull,  Lula  Mc- 
Comb.  British  Columbia:  Mary  Green- 
field, Thelma  Scott,  Marion  Dobbie, 
Margaret  Dobbin,  Lillian  MacMillan, 
Nancy  Lee,  Bodil  Krag,  Edith  Coles, 
Marian  Williams,  Doris  Bischlager, 
Elizabeth  Clement.  New  Brunswick'. 
Fajinie  Monroe,  Marion  McGowan, 
Greta  Black,  Mary  Renault,  Dorothy 
Barter,  Alice  Carney,  Carmen  McLean, 
Margaret  McAleenan,  Ontario:  Clare 
Downs,  Evelyn  Rothwell,  Mary  Dolan, 
Jean  Snelgrove,  Bernice  Firth,  Agnita 
Kavanagh,  Kate  Garrett,  Alma  Effin- 
ger,  Marie  MacLean,  Lillian  Mitchell, 
Mabel  Booth,  Elsie  Worrell,  Muriel 
Rielly.    Quebec:    Marie    Anne    Parent, 

FEBRUARY,  1941 


Bernadette  Dionne,  Helen  Brown.  5^;- 
katchewan:  Gladys  Berndt,  Elizabeth 
Garies. 

The  following  appointments  have  re- 
cently been  made  to  the  Royal  Canadian 
Navy  Nursing  Service: 

Margaret  Dolan  and  Fausta  McCul- 
lough  will  be  posted  to  the  signal  school 
at  St.  Hyacinthe,  Quebec.  Four  other 
nurses  —  Evelyn  Stibbard,  Mary  Bry- 
den,  Joan  Russell,  and  Olive  Wilson  — 
have  already  been  posted  to  the  navy 
hospital  at  Esquimalt,  B.  C.  Personnel 
needs  of  the  nursing  service  are  estimated 
at  75,  according  to  the  Director  of 
Naval  Services.  Nurses  will  be  required 
at  naval  hospitals  now  under  construc- 
tion at  St.  John's,  Newfoundland,  and 
Halifax.  Selection  of  a  matron-in-chief 
and  enlistment  of  nurses  will  be  made 
as  the  hospitals  near  completion. 

95 


Canadian  Orthopaedic  Unit  for  Scotland 


One  wing  of  a  large  Civil  Defence 
Hospital  in  Scotland  is  to  be  manned  by 
a  contingent  of  Canadian  doctors  and 
nurses  selected  for  their  skill  in  ortho- 
paedic treatment.  Some  months  ago,  a 
request  for  assistance  in  the  form  of 
expert  nursing  and  surgical  personnel 
was  received  and  favourably  considered 
by  the  National  Executive  of  the  Cana- 
dian Red  Cross  Society  and  the  co- 
operation of  the  Canadian  Medical  As- 
sociation and  the  Canadian  Nurses  As- 
sociation was  sought  in  the  selection  of 
a  highly  qualified  staff  of  orthopaedic 
specialists.  Each  association  appointed  n 
committee  of  selection  with  the  result 
that  Dr.  John  T.  Phair,  chairman  of 
the  Executive  Commitee  appointed  to 
carry  out  this  project,  is  able  to  an- 
nounce the  selection  of  a  group  of  nine 
doctors,  led  by  Dr.  Arthur  LeMesurier 
of  the  Hospital  for  Sick  Children,  To- 
ronto, and  twenty-two  nurses  under 
Nurse-in-charge  Alice  Hunter,  formerly 
assistant  superintendent  of  the  Port  Ar- 
thur General  Hospital. 

On  Christmas  Day,  the  Unit  arrived 
safely  in  Scotland  and  is  located  at  Hair- 
myres  Hospital,  Lanarkshire.  Hairmyrcs 
is  a  beautiful  summer  resort  situated 
in  the  district  between  Dundee  and 
Aberdeen.  Prior  to  their  departure  from 
Canada,  the  nursing  personnel  (apart 
from  those  who  later  joined  the  Unit 
in  Montreal)  were  given  an  informal 
but  hearty  send-off  by  officials  of  the 
Canadian  Red  Cross,  including  Mr. 
Justice  Gordon,  chairman,  National 
Executive,  Canadian  Red  Cross;  Dr. 
Fred  W.  Routley,  National  Commis- 
sioner; and  Mrs.  Adelaide  Plumptre, 
vice-chairman.  National  Executive  Com- 
mittee and  National  Commissioner  of 
the  Canadian  Red  Cross  Corps.  Miss 
Florence  H.  M.  Emory  said  a  few  words 


of  gratitude  to  the  Red  Cross  for  cue 
detailed  arrangements  so  carefully 
planned,  and  for  the  tangible  token 
shown  in  giving  each  nurse  $100  with 
which  to  buy  necessary  articles  before 
leaving  Canada.  Unfortunately,  Miss 
Jean  Browne  was  absent  on  account  of 
illness,  but  Miss  McEwen,  the  third 
member  of  the  selections  committee  in 
Toronto,  arranged  for  the  serving  of 
light  refreshments  which  added  mucli 
to  the  enjoyment  of  the  occasion. 

The  Canadian  Red  Cross  Society^ 
assumes  responsibility  for  the  transpor- 
tation and  insurance  of  the  personnel 
and  for  the  provision  of  special  equip- 
ment for  the  hospital  in  which  this 
Canadian  unit  is  to  work,  while  the 
Scottish  Board  of  Health  pays  the  sala- 
ries and  provides  the  maintenance  of 
the  group  while  in  Scotland.  Through 
the  good  offices  of  the  Red  Cross,  not 
only  will  the  amount  of  compensation 
given  every  person  in  time  of  war  in 
Britain  be  available  for  each  member 
of  the  Unit,  but,  in  addition,  the  Red 
Cross  has  practically  doubled  the  amount 
through  insurance  obtained  for  doctors 
and  nurses  alike. 

The  following  list  indicates  the  nurs- 
ing personnel  of  the  Unit  and  the 
Schools  of  Nursing  from  which  they 
graduated:  Nursc-ifi-Charge:  Alice  B. 
Hunter  (Toronto  General  Hospital); 
Head  Nurses:  Katherine  H.  Scott  (To- 
ronto General  Hospital)  ;  Ruby  I.  Tin- 
Idss  (Children's  Memorial  Hospital,. 
Montreal);  Margaret  C.  Gow  (Vic- 
toria Hosp  tal,  Prince  Albert,  Sask.) 
Jean  C.  Mason  (Hospital  for  Sick  Child- 
ren, Toronto);  Stajj  Nurses:  Pauline 
Aitken  (Toronto  \Vestern  Hospital); 
Elizabeth  Webster  (Hospital  for  Sick 
Children,  Toronto) ;  Effie  Morrison 
(Vancouver   General   Hospital);    Mary 

Vol.  J8  No.  2: 


THE   GLORY  OF  THIS   HOUSE 


97 


C.  Murphy  (Toronto  General  Ho^p - 
ta] ) ;  Elizabeth  Stewart  (St.  Eugene 
School  of  Nursing,  Cranbrook,  B.C. ) ; 
Monica  Waters  (Victoria  Hospital, 
Prince  Albert,  Sask.) ;  Frances  E.  Higgs 
(Regina  General  Hospital,  Sask.);  Ca- 
therine C.  M.  Stewart  (Lamont  Train- 
ing School  for  Nurses,  Lamont,  Alta. ); 
Mary  Earnshaw  (Sherbrooke  Hospital, 
Sherbrooke,  P.  Q.);  Helen  M.  Kenne- 
dy (Toronto  General  Hospital);  Mar- 
garet J.  Laird  (Toronto  General  Hos- 
pital);   Phyllis    Charlton    (Hospital    for 


Sick  Children,  Toron'^o);  Betty  E. 
Flaxman  (  Toronto  General  Hospital); 
Barbara  E.  Stanton  (Toronto  General 
Hospital);  Dorothy  F.  Morrison  (Hos- 
pital for  Sick  Children,  Toronto)  ;  Isa- 
bel H.  Kemp  (Hospital  for  Sick  Child- 
ren, Toronto) ;  Frances  H.  Angus 
(  Hosp'tal  for  Sick  Children,  Toronto). 
The  nurses  of  Canada  are  proud  to 
recruit  for  service  in  Scotland,  a  picked 
group  of  nurses  specially  skilled  i?i  or- 
thopaedics. We  know  that  thev  will 
o;ive  an  excellent  account  of  themselves. 


'The  Glory  of  this  House" 


The  November  issue  of  the  lournal, 
published  by  the  Nightingale  Fellow- 
ship of  St.  Thomas'  Hospital,  arrived 
with  the  Christmas  mail  from  England 
and  offers  most  inspiring  reading.  It 
describes  the  Hutment  Hospital  near 
Godalming  in  which  the  majority  of  the 
patients  are  now  being  cared  for  and 
also  gives  a  glimpse  of  the  conditions 
under  which  an  emergency  service  is 
still  being  maintained  in  the  sheltered 
fabric  of  St.  Thomas'  Hospital.  Here 
is  a  vivid  picture  of  one  of  the  many 
raids: 

At  our  last  Annual  Fellowship  Meet- 
ing, we  had  a  large  and  sympathetic 
attendance.  The  Archbishop  gave  the 
address,  and  we  were  very  happy  to 
have  our  Founder,  Dame  Alicia,  and 
Lady  Riddell  with  us.  Riddell  House 
■was  still  intact,  but  later  that  night, 
the  raid  came  swiftly  upon  London. 
High  explosives  and  incendiaries  fell 
together,  and  in  a  few  minutes  most 
of  our  windows  had  been  wrecked,  and 
the  long  line  of  carpenters'  shops  (which 

FEBRUARY,  1942 


Stretched  half  round  the  yard  and  pos- 
sibly were  once  the  old  stables),  were 
ablaze  and  soon  burnt  out.  An  A.F.S. 
fire-engine  in  the  yard  was  destroyed  and 
there  was  no  chance  of  saving  even  the 
cars  in  the  garages  under  the  shops. 
One  bomb  cut  a  slice  out  of  our  roof 
parapet  and  fell  into  Paris  Street,  damag- 
ing small  houses  and  killing  a  child. 
The  maids  were  precipitated  from  their 
dormitory  into  ours  b\'  another  bomb, 
and  then,  as  water  pipes  were  broken, 
we  thought  it  wiser  to  migrate  up  into 
the  hall.  Fortunately  only  a  few  minor 
cuts  were  sustained,  and  as  we  dressed 
heads,  we  found  to  our  amusement  that 
Capelline  bandages  were  much  easier 
to  apply  if  the  patient  wore  curling  pins! 
B}-  this  time  fires  were  numerous. 
The  entire  roof  of  Block  Four  was 
alight,  also  odd  turrets  on  Gassiott 
House  and  Block  Seven,  and  one  of  the 
mansions  and  many  other  buildings  and 
houses  around,  even  the  famous  old 
library  of  the  Archbishop's  Palace.  The 
world  outside  was  strange,  with  an  ap- 


98 


THE   CANADIAN  NURSE 


palling  though  almost  beautiful  aura 
of  light  caused  by  these  fires,  enemy 
flares,  chandeliers,  and  our  own  gun- 
fire, and  through  all  this  inferno  the 
men  toiled  on.  We  were  sternly  for- 
bidden to  cross  the  road  to  join  our 
colleagues  in  the  Hospital  —  there  were 
plenty  of  helpers  we  were  told,  and  es- 
pecially men.  However,  Matron  and 
Miss  Harley  always  insist  upon  coming 
to  see  us  during  a  raid  and  the  memory 
of  them  looking  very  dusty,  but  un- 
daunted and  cheerful  in  their  steel  hel- 
mets, will  always  remain,  as  will  also 
the  vision  of  Miss  Coode  in  her  helmet, 
quietly  going  through  the  roll  call  in 
spite  of  the  din  of  guns  and  ear-  splitting 
crashes,  then  upstairs  to  see  baths  filled, 
and  to  fetch  more  rugs  for  the  comfort 
of  those  sitting  about  in  the  hall.  We 
were  a  motley  crowd  in  the  light  of  the 
storm  lamps — electric  light  having 
failed — and  there  was  frequent  mirth 
as  helmets  crashed  together  when  we 
ducked  if  a  bomb  fell  near,  and  it  seemed 
as  though  the  walls  were  descending 
upon  us.  Most  of  our  room  doors  were 
damaged  by  blast,  floors  and  furniture 
covered  by  splintered  glass,  and  curtains 
were  down  or  torn. 

As  we  looked  along  the  corridors 
parallel  with  the  yard,  it  seemed  as 
though  the  rooms  were  already  on  fire — 
the  glare  and  heat  outside  were  so  in- 
tense— and  curtains  were  blowing  in 
and  out  of  the  wrecked  windows.  It 
was  the  same  in  our  newly-converted 
chapel  in  the  library  at  the  far  end  of  the 
corridor.  The  flowers,  so  beautifully  ar- 
ranged in  the  morning,  were  now  dis- 
coloured and  shrivelled,  the  candles 
softening.  The  fire  outside  was  very 
near,  and  vividly  lit  up  the  Crucifix, 
which  seemed  more  than  ever  to  signify 
the    Christian     faith,    which     will     win 


through.  There  was  no  greater  place 
of  safety  to  move  it  to  and  in  the  morn- 
ing it  still  stood  on  the  altar,  unharmed 
and  bright,  surrounded  by  the  debris 
littering  the  room. 

The  noise  of  bombs  was  so  deafening 
that  it  was  not  even  possible  to  know 
whether  the  Hospital  was  receiving  di- 
rect hits,  and  the  strain  of  uncertainty 
was  great  as  planes  seemed  very  low, 
incessantly  circling  around,  choosing 
their  targets.  At  dawn  the  attack  be- 
came less  severe  and  we  made  tea  serv- 
ing it  with  thick  slices  of  bread  and 
black  currant  jam  to  exhausted  firemen 
outside,  who  had  not  been  able  to  get 
to  the  canteen.  But  there  was  one  man 
we  were  unable  to  reach,  and  he  was 
silhouetted  against  the  smoke-laden  sky 
on  the  longest  ladder  I  have  seen,  di- 
recting his  hose  over  the  top  of  Christian 
ceiling,  nothing  remained  of  the  dor- 
mitory. Then  daylight  came  and  with 
it  the  relief  that  once  again  we  had  suf- 
fered no  casualties  among  patients  or 
staff,  though  very  unhappily  two  fire- 
men had  lost  their  lives  in  our  yard. 

This  is  mainly  an  account  of  our  ex- 
periences this  side  of  the  road.  The  work 
inside  the  Hospital  that  night,  with  the 
care  of  Lambeth's  injured,  is  another 
story.  Everyone  worked  late  into  the 
next  night.  Telephones,  electricity,  gas 
and  water  had  all  been  disorganised. 
Each  person  had  his  or  her  own  job 
and  Colonel  Irwin  and  Matron  (the 
latter  wearing  steel  helmet  and  a  bed 
mackintosh  pinned  round  her  shoulders) 
worked  with  others,  using  squeegees  and 
mops,  trying  to  overcome  the  floods 
in  Block  Four.  Our  Founder's  words 
at  the  meeting  of  the  day  before  came 
to  me:  "The  glory  of  this  latter  House 
shall  be  greater  than  the  former,  and 
in  this  place  I  will  give  Peace." 


Vol.   38  No.  2 


Miss  Martin  Presents  her  Report 

Gertrude  M.  Hall 


In  the  December  and  January  issues 
of  the  Journal,  we  learned  how  and 
why  Miss  Martin  came  to  make  a  time 
study  of  nursing  procedures  and  some- 
thing about  what  the  study  disclosed. 
Miss  Martin's  next  task  was  to  formu- 
late recommendations,  based  on  her 
findings,  for  submission  to  Miss  Caley, 
her  superintendent  of  nurses.  As  she 
marshalled  her  facts,  Miss  Martin  could 
not  help  thinking  of  certain  episodes 
that  she  herself  had  observed  and  which 
pointed  to  a  lack  of  understanding  of 
nursing  values  if  not  to  downright  neg- 
ligence. She  remembered  that  a  first- 
year  student  had  been  allowed  to  give 
a  bed  bath  to  a  craniotomy  case  without 
any  supervision  although  owing  to  their 
need  for  skilled  nursing  care,  it  is  im- 
perative that  these  patients  be  assigned 
to  senior  nurses  only.  Colostomy  cases 
also  require  intensive  nursing  care,  yet 
the  technique  of  these  difficult  dressings 
was  not  taught  in  the  classroom  nor 
were  these  patients  prepared,  from  a 
psychological  point  of  view,  for  the  or- 
deal which  these  dressings  involve.  A 
new  and  very  nervous  patient  was  cathe- 
terized  by  a  student  who  gave  no  ex- 
planation of  what  she  was  about  to  do. 
Several  patients  were  observed  to  move 
their  arms  while  an  intravenous  was 
being  administered.  Nurses  seldom  re- 
assured patients  who  were  about  to  ha\c 
a  lumbar  puncture. 

Miss  Martin  knew  only  too  well  that 
the  greatest  menace  to  good  nursing 
service  undoubtedly  lies  in  placing  more 
work  upon  the  shoulders  of  nurses  than 
they  are  able  to  do  well.  She  realized 
that  some  of  (though  not  all)  the  poor 
work  she  had  seen  was  due  to  the  im- 
possibQity  of  doing  two  hours  of  work 

FEBRUARY.   1942 


in  one  hour  of  time.  Furthermore,  her 
study  had  demonstrated  how  time-con- 
suming many  of  the  new  and  difficult 
treatments  are  and  how  dangerous  it  is 
to  hurry  with  them. 

The  more  Miss  Martin  thought  about 
the  whole  matter,  the  more  she  was  con- 
vinced that,  somehow  or  other,  a  suit- 
able ratio  of  nurses  to  patients  must 
first  be  established  and  then  maintained. 
But  she  also  realized  that  no  permanent 
solution  can  be  expected  until  hospitals 
can  be  persuaded  to  face  and  to  provide 
for  the  cost  of  nursing  service  in  the 
same  way  that  they  plan  to  meet  their 
other  financial  obligations.  When  that 
time  comes,  as  come  it  will,  Miss  Mar- 
tin thought  it  might  be  helpful  to  present 
a  review  of  recent  investigations  which, 
like  her  own  time  study,  might  shed 
some  light  on  the  whole  question.  She 
knew  that,  in  the  United  States,  the 
National  League  of  Nursing  Education 
has  recently  gathered  from  a  number 
of  representative  hospitals  information 
on  the  bedside  nursing  time  they  provide 
for  the  different  services.  Upon  the 
basis  of  this  material,  plus  the  data  as- 
sembled by  the  Department  of  Studies 
in  the  various  surveys  carried  on  in  the 
last  three  years,  the  League  is  recom- 
mending for  the  present,  and  until  fur- 
ther studies  are  made,  that  provision  on 
the  various  services  for  ward  and  semi- 
private  patients  shall  be  as  indicated 
below : 

Average  hours  of  nursing  care  required 
by  each  fatient  in  24  hours: 

Medical    3  to  3>1 

Surgical    3  to  3l4 

Obstetrical    (mothers)  2>4  to   3 

Obstetrical    (infants)  2>^  to  3 

Pediatrics    (infants)  6 

99 


(10 


T  HE   C  A  N  A  D  I  A  N   NURSE 


Pediatrics  (2  to  5  yrs. )  43-2 

Pediatrics  (over  5  yrs.)  4 

These  hours  represent  the  average 
hours  provided  per  patient  in  each  twen- 
ty-four, but  some  medical  patients  ma) 
require  considerably  mure  than  three 
hours  or  three  and  a  half  hours  in  twen- 
ty-four, while  the  convalescent  patient 
who  is  mildly  ill  ma)  he  adequately  cared 
for  in  fewer  hours.  This  provision  may 
need  to  be  temporarily  increased  when 
patients  require  practically  constant  at- 
tention. The  hours  given  above  should 
therefore  be  regarded  as  the  basic  requi- 
rement for- a  satisfactory  ward  and  semi- 
private  nursing  service  with  the  under- 
standing that  additional  hours  may  be 
indicated. 

In  comparing  the  findings  of  her  own 
time  study  with  the  estimates  made  by 
the  League,  Miss  Martin  came  to  the 
conclusion  that  twice  the  number  of 
nurses  would  be  required  in  the  wards 
in  which  she  had  made  her  observations 
if  the  patients  were  to  receive  the  proper 
amount  of  nursing  care.  In  spite  of  this 
discouraging  fact,  Miss  Martin  was  sure 
that,  in  the  meantime,  much  could  be 
done  to  improve  matters.  So,  by  wa)-  of 
a  beginning,  she  outlined  the  following 
recommendations : 

1.  An  endeavour  should  be  made  to 
cultivate  an  awareness  in  the  entire  staff, 
of  the  teaching  possibilities  in  the  hos- 
pital. This  should  include  the  visiting 
medical  men,  supervisors  and  head 
nurses  as  well  as  the  internes  and  stu- 
dents. 

2.  Records  of  the  occurrence  and 
timing  of  special  and  difficult  treat- 
ments showld  be  continued  for  a  period 
of  a  year,  and  new  treatments  added 
as  new  trends  are  noted, 

3.  Such  treatments  as  sigmoidscopic 
examinations  and  duodenal  drainage 
should  not  be  done  on  the  wards  bj-  the 
nursing  staff. 


4.  More  emphasis  should  be  put  on 
the  reassurance  of  patients  before  at- 
tempting special  treatments. 

5.  More  opportunities  to  assist  with 
special  treatments  should  be  given  to 
students. 

6.  Sufficient  sterilizing  equipment 
should  be  available  on  every  ward  and 
there  should  be  a  good  supply  of  ab- 
dominal binders,  standards  for  nasal 
suctions,  etc. 

7.  Special  nurses  should  be  employed 
for  critical  cases  for  at  least  the  first 
eight  hours  after  operation. 

8.  Before  adopting  new  procedures 
and  treatments  throughout  the  entire 
hospital,  it  would  seem  advisable  to  have 
one  ward  where  these  treatments  could 
be  tried  out.  A  study  of  the  benefits  and 
needs  of  the  patient  might  also  be  made 
and  the  amount  of  nursing  care  neces- 
sary to  provide  for  these  could  be  es- 
timated. 

9.  The  admission  after  5  p.m.  of 
pre-operative  patients  requiring  treat- 
ments should  be  avoided. 

10.  Head  nurses  should  endeavt)ur 
to  assign  patients  who  are  very  ill,  and 
who  require  skilled  nursing  care,  tc 
more  senior  students.  It  is  further  re- 
commended that  these  patients  should 
be  grouped  together  in  the  ward  so 
that  continuous  nursing  care  may  be 
more  effectively  planned. 

When  at  last  the  stud)'  was  com- 
pleted. Miss  Martin  experienced  a  plea- 
sant sense  of  achievement.  Picking  up 
her  carefully  compiled  manuscript,  she 
went  to  the  office  of  the  superintendent 
of  nurses.  "Here  it  is.  Miss  Caley,"  said 
she.  "Good",  said  Miss  Caley  in  her 
usual  brisk  manner,  "now  that  we  know 
where  we  stand,  we  can  plan  to  go 
forward.  We  will  have  a  staff  nurses 
conference  tomorrow  and  decide  where 
to  begin." 

Vol.  38  No.  2 


Notes  From  the  National  Office 

Contributed  by  JEAN  S.  WILSON, 
Executive  Secretary,  The  Canodian  Nurses  Associotion 


The  General  Meeting 

The  nurses  of  Canada  will  learn  with 
pleasure  that  the  Honourable  Malcolm 
Macdonald,  High  Commissioner  to 
Canada  from  Great  Britain,  has  ac- 
cepted an  invitation  to  address  the  Cana- 
dian Nurses  Association  at  a  dinner 
during  the  General  Meeting  which  is 
to  be  held  in  Montreal,  June  19-27, 
1942.  Other  guest  speakers  will  be  Miss 
Effie  J.  Taylor,  President  of  the  Inter- 
national Council  of  Nurses,  who  will 
address  a  meeting  on  Friday  eveninLT, 
June  26,  and  Miss  Julia  Stimson,  Presi- 
dent of  the  American  Nurses  Associa- 
tion, who  will  speak  on  Monday  even- 
ing, June  22.  At  the  close  of  the  latter 
session,  the  French-speaking  Alumnae 
of  the  Province  of  Quebec  will  act  as 
hostesses  at  a  reception  for  all  members 
while  a  similar  function  will  be  held  on 
Friday  evening  when  the  English-speak- 
ing Alumnae  will  be  hostesses. 

The  afternoon  and  evening  of 
Thursday,  June  25,  are  set  aside  for  a 
visit  to  the  Hotel  Dieu  Hospital,  where 
the  nurses  of  Canada  will  observe  with 
suitable  ceremonies  the  tercentenary  of 
the  arrival  of  Mile  Jeanne  Mance  in 
Montreal.  All  arrangements  for  this 
interesting  event  are  under  the  direc- 
tion of  the  Reverend  Mo''her  Allard, 
Mother  Superior  of  the  Communit}-  of 
Hotel  Dieu  of  St.  Joseph,  of  Montreal. 

Due  to  the  amount  of  time  required 
for  adequate  presentation  and  discussion 
of  vanous  organization  undertakings, 
the  Executive  Committee  will  meet  on 
Friday  and  Saturday,  June   19  and  20, 

FEBRUARY,  1942 


and  again  on  June  27,  thus  leaving  five 
entire  days  for  carrying  out  a  program- 
me that  is  being  carefully  and  thought- 
fully prepared  under  the  direction  of 
the  President.  The  immediate  and  post- 
war responsibili'^ies  of  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association  are  becoming  more 
extensive  and  varied  with  the  passing 
of  each  month,  therefore  it  is  most  im- 
portant that  there  be  a  full  representa- 
tion of  official  delegates  from  the  pro- 
vincial associations  of  registered  nurses 
as  well  as  large  attendance  of  members 
in  general  at  the  twenty-first  General 
Meeting  of  the  National  Organization. 

British  Civil  Nursing  Reserve 

For  the  information  of  nurses  in  Can- 
ada who  are  interested  in  the  announce- 
niL-n'^  concerning  the  British  Civil  Nurs- 
ing Reserve  as  published  in  these  Notrs 
for  January,  a  summary  has  been  pre- 
pared from  information  more  recent- 
h'  received  from  the  Chief  Nursing  Of- 
ficer and   Principal   Matron. 

The  Civil  Nursing  Reserve  has  been 
organized  to  supply  nurses  to  hospitals^ 
in  England  and  Wales  administered  by 
municipal  or  voluntarv  authorities.  The 
Civil  Nursing  Reserve  recruits  nurses, 
places  them  on  the  register  and  helps 
them  to  secure  positions,  following 
which  nurses  are  under  the  control  of 
the  employing  authorities  and  subject 
to  certain  terms  and  conditions.  In 
brief  these  are:  agreement  to  serve  for 
a  period  of  one  year  at  any  hospital  in 
England  and  Wales  (except  mental 
hospitals) ;    nurses  must   be   prepared   to- 


102 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


serve  wherever  sent;  minimum  hours 
of  duty,  forty-eight  hours  weekly,  but 
subject  to  the  needs  of  the  employing 
authority;  annual  salary  ^105  plus  an 
allowance  of  ^20  for  a  nurse  in  charge 
of  a  ward;  imiforms  and  maintenance 
are  provided. 

It  should  be  noted  that  many  hospi- 
tals with  shortage  of  nursing  staff  are 
those  which  treat  large  numbers  of 
chronic  sick,  also  that  there  is  need  of 
experienced  nurses  for  day-time  and 
resident  nurseries  that  are  being  set  up 
for  children  under  five  years  in  the 
most  vulnerable  areas,  and  for  those 
whose  mothers  work  in  factories. 

The  Canadian  Nurses  Association 
has  been  asked  to  assume  responsibility 
in  recruiting  nurses  for  the  Civil  Nurs- 
ing Reserve  by  receiving  and  approving 
applications,  including  a  report  of  re- 
cent medical  examination,  then  send 
the  names  of  suitable  applicants  to  the 
appropriate  authorities  in  Canada  who 
will  make  arrangements  for  passage 
overseas.  Each  nurse  must  hold  pro- 
vincial registration  and  be  responsible 
for  all  expenses  involved  in  transporta- 
tion to  London,  England. 

As  the  remuneration  offered  is  less 
than  the  customary  rate  of  salary  in 
Canada,  it  is  recommended  that  nurses 
wishing  to  join  the  British  Nursing  Re- 
serve arrange  to  have  transferred  to 
England  certain  funds  to  cover  any 
emergencies  that  may  occur. 


be  much  appreciated  by  all  members  of 
the  C.N.A. 


A  Message  from  Overseas 

The  President,  Miss  Grace  M.  Fair- 
ley,  received  the  following  message 
from  Matron  Blanche  Herman,  for- 
merly Supervisor  of  the  Western  Divi- 
sion of  the  Montreal  General  Hospital: 
"Greetings  to  Canadian  Nurses  Asso- 
ciation from  Number  14  Canadian  Gen- 
eral Hospital  Overseas."  This  evidence 
of  thoughtfulness  toward  their  National 
Organization  by  our  Nursing  Sisters  will 


British  Nurses  Relief  Fund 

Contributions  to  the  British  Nurses 
Relief  Fund  have  been  received  from: 
British  Columbia: 

Individual   donations    $16.00 

Nanaimo  Chapter,  Registered 

Nurses  Association  of  British 

Columbia 2.36 

Prince  Rupert  Chapter,  Registered 

Nurses  Aseociation  of  British 

Columbia     21.00 

Silver  Arrow  Chapter,  Registered 

Nurses  Association  of  British 

Columbia 200.00 

\^ancouver  Graduate  Nurses 

Association     6.75 

Mankeba: 

Dauphin  Graduate  Nurses  Association  35.00 
Deloraine  Hospital  Staff,  Proceeds 

of  tea , 16.50 

Graduate  Nurses'  Association,  The 

Pas     10.00 

Miss  Lightly,  Manitoba  Graduate 

Nurse,  now  on  duty  at  Rochester 

Minn.,  convened  a  tea  for  Canadian 

nurses,  proceeds    50.30 

Neepawa  Hospital  staff  11.50 

Individual  nurses    18.30 

.Selkirk    staff    12.00 

Student  nurses,  St.  j\nthony's  Hospital, 

The   Pas    6.55 

Student  Council  of  St.  Boniface 

School  of  Nursing  150.00 

.'X.A.,  Winnipeg  General  Hospital  100.00 
Winton    Community   Club,   The   Pas       15.00 

New  Brunswick'. 

Fredericton  Chapter,  New  Brunswick 
Registered  Nurses  .A.ssociation   ....     37.00 

Nursing  staff,  Victoria  Public 
Hospital,    Fredericton     12.45 

.Student  nurses,  Victoria  Public 
Hospital,  Fredericton    5.00 

Graduate   Nurses,   Newcastle    56.00 

Nova  Scotia: 

Valley  Branch,  Registered  Nurses 

Association  of  Nova  Scotia   21.84 

OTttario: 

District   1  : 

Vol.   J8  No.  2 


LOUISE   BRENT  GOODSON 


103 


A. A.,  Memorial  Hospital,  St.  Thomas     11.50 

District  2  and  3: 

Five  Seaforth  nurses    5.00 

District  4 : 

Roosevelt  Hospital,  Alumnae, 

Hamilton  Branch  and  Hamilton 

nurses 2,500.00 

District  5: 

"A   Friend" 25.00 

N«rsing  Sisters,  Camp  Borden 

Military  Hospital   21.66 

Nursing  Sisters,  Toronto  Military 

Hospital    23.00 

Graduate  Nurse  staff,  Toronto 

Hospital,  Weston   15.00 


Public  Health  Nurses  Association, 
Department  of  Public  Health, 
Toronto     378.18 

District  9: 

Kirkland  Lake  nurses   13.50 


Nightingale   Memorial   Fund 

A  donation  to  the  Florence  Nighting- 
ale Memorial  Fund  has  been  received 
from: 

OnUirto : 

A.    A.,    Kingston    General    Hospital      $5.00 


Louise  Brent  Coodson 


In  the  death  of  Louise  C.  Brent 
(Mrs.  William  Goodson)  we  have  lost 
another  of  the  small  group  of  outstand- 
ing women  who  laid  the  foundations  of 
nursing  service  and  education  in  Can- 
ada. Louise  Brent  was  born  in  Toron- 
to in  1856  and  was  educated  in  a  priv- 
ate school  in  that  city.  She  graduated  in 
1890  from  the  School  of  Nursing  of 
the  Brooklyn  City  Hospital,  New  York 
and,  as  was  usual  in  those  early  days 
when  well  prepared  hospital  adminis- 
trators were  at  a  premium,  was  imme- 
diately appointed  to  the  responsible  posi- 
tion of  Lady  Superintendent  of  Grace 
Hospital,  Toronto.  After  rendering 
valuable  service  in  this  capacity  for  six 
years,  she  became  Superintendent  of  the 
Hospital  for  Sick  Children  in  1896. 
With  the  unfailing  support  of  Mr.  John 
Ross  Robertson,  she  was  enabled  to 
introduce  policies  and  methods  which 
were  very  advanced  for  the  times.  Short- 
ly after  she  took  office,  the  course  of  in- 
struction in  the  School  of  Nursing  was 
increased  from  two  to  three  years.  In 
1907,  Miss  Annie  S.  Kinder  was  ap- 
pointed as  full-time  instructor  and,  with 
her  able  assistance.  Miss  Brent  devel- 
oped   and    maintained    high    educational 

FEBRUARY,  1942 


standards.  A  preliminary  course  was 
established  and  classes  were  admitted 
twice  yearly  at  regular  intervals.  A 
course  in  dietetics  was  included  in  the 
curriculum  and  the  bedside  teaching  of 
nursing  procedures  was  both  thorough 
and  practical.  Largely  through  the  gene- 
rosity of  Mr.  Robertson,  a  beautiful  re- 
sidence for  nurses  was  opened  in  1907 
which,  for  many  years,  was  unsurpassed 
in  Canada. 

Miss  Brent  was  always  interested  in 
nursing  organizations  and  gave  help  and 
encouragement  in  the  formation  of  the 
H.S.C.  Alumnae  Association  in  her  ca- 
pacity of  Honorary  President.  She  was 
also  very  active  in  both  the  international 
and  the  national  field.  She  was  a  char- 
ter member  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  As- 
sociation and  from  1911  to  1912  served 
as  its  first  vice-president.  In  1909,  she 
had  the  honour  of  being  a  member  of 
the  delegation  which  attended  the  con- 
gress of  the  International  Council  of 
Nurses  at  the  time  that  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association  became  affiliated. 
She  also  served  as  treasurer  of  the  Cana- 
dian Association  of  Nursing  Education 
before  it  became  a  Sectiow  of  the  na- 
tional Association. 


Medals  Make  Magi( 


Edith  Naylor 


We  were  making  plans  for  our  an- 
jiual  tea  of  the  Victorian  Order  of 
Nurses  York  Township  and  the  aux- 
ih'ary  committee  asked  us  to  arrange 
ii  feature  exhibit  of  some  sort  to  add 
colour  and  interest.  About  five  days 
prior  to  the  date  of  the  function  we  had 
■a.  sudden  brain  wave  and  decided  to 
attempt  a  collection  of  graduation  pins 
from  the  various  hospital  training  schools 
for  nurses.  From  the  catch-all,  which  is 
-everybody's  attic,  we  brought  forth  an 
antique  picture  frame  and  examined  its 
possibilities.  It  measured  about  30  by 
24  inches  and  the  frame  proper  was  of 
•deep,  rich,  hand-carved  gold.  The  gold- 
encrusted  relic  began  to  come  to  life 
iind  its  vitality  flowed  through  our  hands 
like  a  current  and  the  indignity  of 
years  of  oblivion  came  to  an  ejid.  "It 
•came  over  with  Grandma  and  her 
household  effects  in  1886  and  Grand- 
ma's crossing  was  not  a  breathless  five- 
Tiour  hop  in  a  clipper,  either." 

We  could  visualize  the  pins  rapidly 
taking  shape  on  the  mount,  so  we  dashed 
to  the  basement  workshop  where  the 
<lark-toned  pastoral  of  an  enchanting 
English  countryside  was  discarded  and 
the  frame  underwent  conversion  into 
a  deep  shadow-box  case.  Convenient 
hinges  and  a  clasp  were  applied  so  that 
the  frame  or  lid  of  the  box  could  be 
readily  raised  to  set  in  our  entries  as 
they  arrived.  While  the  carpentr\-  was 
in  progress,  we  debated  about  the  lininu: 
■of  the  shadow-box.  "It  should  be  black 
velvet  or  royal  purple,  like  the  je'^-ellers 
use  to  show  off  their  diamonds,  and 
we've  got  the  very  thing  —  the  train 
-of  my  last  year's  evening  gown.  We 
scurried  upstairs  and  dragged  forth  a 
<:ouple   of   dresses,    spreading   them    out 


on  the  bed  for  inspection.  "Thi>  black 
velvet  tail  is  the  ticket.  Its  lustrous  pile 
will  make  our  pins  sparkle  like  the 
crown  jewels."  There  was  not  enough 
material  in  the  train  alone  so  the  gown 
became  a  sacrificial  offering.  Soon  the 
work  was  finished  and  we  stood  back 
to  survey  our  creation  —  a  Rembrandt 
velvet-lined    shadow-box. 

Next  morning  the  V.O.N,  office 
buzzed  with  enthusiasm,  and  a  cry  was 
broadcast  for  pins.  Pins — graduation 
pins  from  far  and  near — rose  like  a 
clarion  call.  Hastily  pejuied  letters 
brought  forth  amazing  results,  one  con- 
tact leading  to  another.  We  procured 
a  list  of  Toronto  institutions,  then  On- 
tario hospitals,  then  the  Dominion  slid 
into  our  scope.  If  onl)  we  could  have 
all  the  Provinces  represented — but  alas, 
time  was  of  essence.  The  telephone 
rang,  a  contact  reporting.  It  was  the 
Western  Hospital:  "Yes,  you  can  count 
on  us  for  ten  pins,"  and  hardly  had  the 
receiver  banged"  when  the  Finnish  Con- 
sul called:  "Go  to  McPherson  Avenue, 
there's  a  Finnish  nurse  there  with  a 
Helsinki  hospital  pin.  She  will  also  give 
you  the  address  of  a  Danish  nurse  from 
Copenhagen."  Calls  from  everywhere 
began  rolling  in.  "You  can  have  the 
loan  of  a  New  York  and  Rhode  Island 
pin",  came  another  call.  "Mrs.  P.  has 
a  Manchester  pin,  and  I've  just  thought 
of  a  nurse  who  hails  from  the  Aberdeen 
General.  She  lives  somewhere  in  f^he 
east-end." 

Next  day,  when  we  reached  home 
after  our  rounds,  fatigued  with  the  fun 
of  the  chase  and  bearing  many  precious 
insignia,  we  were  met  with  a  list  of 
calls,  messages  and  packages.  Opening 
a  parcel  from  Winnipeg  we  found  c.ui- 

\  j;.   li  No    2 


'imm 


JOmmmMSdmrnTXi,^  'ZX£ 


ii>iBitlirii»>iiiiT» 


Iff f fff $9? f 

!|f»?!t!ft*tf*|i 


i  **$»*tl  ttt*  i! 


J    i 


tributions  all  systematically  labelled  — 
thanks  to  our  friend  at  the  General. 
We  were  cataloguing  our  entries  (each 
pin  must  be  safeguarded  and  returned 
safth  and  without  error  for  they  were 
priceless)  when  the  door-knocker 
sounded  and  there  was  our  friend  from 
Hamilton  grimly  clutching  a  box  con- 
taining some  sixteen  pins  ranging  ail 
the  way  from  Calgary  to  St.  Johns. 
We  were  all  down  on  our  knees  on  the 
floor,  with  its  mushroom  coloured  broad- 
loom  setting  off  our  antique  frame,  as 
pin  after  pin  was  entered  and  niun- 
bered  with  tiny  figures  taken  from  an 
old  calendar.  The  telephone  again.  It 
was  the  V.O.N,  calling.  "We've  got 
Fort  Simpson,  British  Columbia,  for 
you,  also  Saskatoon  and  a  Quebec  cit\ . 
Dr.  Isabel  has  a  line  on  a  Chicago  and 
New  York,  and  East  York  Branch  have 
three,  including  Detroit.  We  are  work- 
ing on  Nova  Scotia — yes,  we'll  call  you." 
Our  son  came  in,  sensing  the  imusual, 

FEBRUARY.  1942 


and  detected  the  minutely  printed  Latin 
mottos,  which  were  a  home-work  as- 
signment. "Gee,  what  a  paradise!"  he 
exclaimed,  running  the  magnifying  glass 
over  our  pins.  "Enough  Latin  here 
to  last  me  three  weeks.  You  know,  the 
language  doesn't  seem  so  dead  on  me- 
dals, does  it?" 

Thus  we  handled  the  inspiring  col- 
lection piece  by  piece,  admiring  the 
shape  of  this  one,  the  monogram  of 
that;  the  exquisite  carving  and  coloured 
enamel  work  of  others.  Here  was  a 
tiny  diamond  forming  the  light  in  the 
lamp  of  perpetual  light,  and  there  was 
a  minute  lamp  of  learning,  delicately 
chiselled.  In  nearly  every  pin  was  em- 
bodied by  ingenious  craftsmanship,  the 
Cross,  symbol  of  mercy  and  salvation. 
Here  was  a  chest  worth  $2500,  in  terms 
of  money,  a  thought  which  but  further 
impressed  us  with  our  trust.  Of  infini- 
tely greater  significance  however,  was 
the  collective  value  of  travail,  sacrifice, 


106 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


and  achievement;  of  years  of  study 
mingled  with  practical  service  to  man- 
kind; of  long,  solitary  nights  of  vigil, 
and  of  hearintr  solemn  witness  to  the 
enigma  of  life  and  death.  There  was  an 
element  of  magnetic  attraction  in  their 
touch  which  made  us  reflect  that,  how- 
ever practical  and  courageous  a  nurse 
must  be,  however  grimly  materialistic 
must  seem  her  world  and  her  profession, 
she  must  be  ever  conscious  of  the  pro- 
found mystery  of  life,  and,  as  she  looks 
toward  and  over  the  frontiers  of  the 
vast  unknown,  she  must  needs  be  awed 
in  the  presence  of  the  Infinite  and  thus 
strengthened  for  her  task. 

This  collection  included  the  graduation 
pins,  or  other  insignia,  associated  with  the 
following  institutions :  Alberta :  General 
Hospital,  Calgary ;  Misericordia  Hospital, 
Edmonton.  British  Columbia :  Fort  Simpson 
General  Hospital.  Manitoba :  Brandon  Gen- 
eral Hospital;  St.  Boniface  Hospital;  Win- 
nipeg General  Hospital ;  Children's  Hospi- 
tal ;  Grace  Maternity  Hospital ;  Misericordia 
Hospital ;  St.  Joseph's  Hospital ;  Victoria 
Hospital.  New  ^runsivick :  Victoria  Hos- 
pital. Nova  Scotia:  All  Saints'  Hospital, 
Springhill ;  St.  Martha's  Hospital.  Ontario : 
Toronto  General  Hospital ;  Hospital  for 
Sick  Children  ;  Western  Hospital ;  Wellesley 
Hospital ;    St.    Joseph's    Hospital ;    St.    Mi- 


chael's Hospital ;  Grace  Hospital ;  East  Gen- 
eral Hospital ;  Women's  College  Hospital ; 
University  of  Toronto  School  of  Nursing; 
Ottawa  Civic  Hospital ;  Cornwall  General 
Hospital;  Lord  Dufferin  Hospital,  Orange- 
ville ;  Ontario  Hospital  Training  School ; 
Stratford  General  Hospital ;  St.  Joseph's 
Hospital,  Hamilton;  Lady  Minto  Hospital, 
Cochrane;  Kingston  General  Hosjiital ; 
Homewood  .Sanatorium,  Guelph ;  Hamilton 
General  Hospital;  St.  V'incent  de  Paul  Hos- 
pital, Brockville;  Guelph  General  Hospital; 
Victoria  Hospital,  London;  Faculty  of  Pub- 
lic Health,  University  of  Western  Ontario; 
General  Hospital,  Peterborough ;  St.  Jo- 
seph's Hospital,  London ;  Brantford  General 
Hospital ;  Belleville  Hospital ;  Nicholls  Hos- 
pital, Peterborough ;  St.  Elizabeth's  Hospi- 
tal, Sudbury;  Hotel  Dieu  Hospital,  King- 
ston ;  St.  Andrews  Hospital,  Midland ;  Gen- 
eral Hospital,  Pembroke.  Qu-cbcc :  Jef  fery 
Hale's  Hospital,  Quebec  City ;  Royal  Vic- 
toria Hospital,  Montreal.  Saskatcliewan : 
Prince  Albert  Municipal  Hospital ;  City 
Hospital,  Saskatoon.  Neivfoundland :  S.  A. 
Grace  Hospital,  St.  John's.  Great  Britain : 
Aberdeen  Hospital ;  General  Nursing  Coun- 
cil for  England  and  Wales.  U.S.A. :  Chica- 
go Lying-in  Hospital ;  Teachers  College, 
Columbia  University ;  St.  Luke's  Hospital, 
New  York ;  Grace  Hospital,  Detroit ;  Roo- 
sevelt Hospital,  New  York ;  Providence 
Lying-in  Hospital ;  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital, 
Baltimore.  Denmark:  Danisli  Nurses'  Asso- 
ciation,  Copenhagen. 


A  Recent  Appointment 


Following  the  appointment  of  Miss  Edith 
Amas  to  the  Nursing  Service  of  the  R.C.- 
A.M.C.,  Miss  Ella  Mae  Howard  has  been 
appointed  director  of  nursing  in  the  Saska- 
toon City  Hospital.  Miss  Howard  is  a 
graduate  of  the  School  of  Nursing  of  the 
Royal  Alexandra  Hospital,  Edmonton,  and 
has  also  taken  the  course  in  teaching  and 
supervision  offered  by  the  McGill  School 
for  Graduate  Nurses.  Before  qualifying 
herself  as  a  nurse.  Miss  Howard  was  a  tea- 


cher in  the  public  schools  of  Hanna  and 
later  in  the  Normal  Practice  School  in 
Camrose.  She  served  as  instructor  in  the 
School  of  Nursing  of  Nicholls  Hospital, 
Peterborough,  and  immediately  prior  to  her 
present  appointment,  as  assistant  superin- 
tendent of  nurses  in  the  Regina  General 
Hospital.  With  such  excellent  experience 
in  both  teaching  and  administration.  Miss 
Howard's  success  in  her  new  and  respon- 
sible task  may  be  confidently  expected. 


Vol.   38  No.  2 


HOSPITALS   &    SCHOOLS    of  NURSING 


Contributed   by   the   Hospital   and   School   of   Nursing   Section    of   the    C.    N.    A. 


Standardization  of  Procedures 

GwLADWEN  Jones 


Which  of  )our  hospital  procedures 
would  you  like  to  see  adopted  in  the 
nursinjr  schools  of  Canada  r  This  chal- 
Icnging  question  calls  for  an  answer 
from  each  instructor  of  the  nursing  arts. 
Before  an  answer  can  be  given,  how- 
ever, do  you  believe  that  the  standar- 
dization of  procedures  is  desirable?  The 
writer  advances  the  following  reasons 
for  the  affirmative  by  a  consideration  of 
the  disadvantages  which  are  a  result  of 
the  lack  of  uniformity  which  prevails 
at  present. 

On  the  home  front,  let  us  consider 
firstly  the  student  who  comes  to  us 
for  affiliation.  This  student  would  adapt 
more  readily  and  would  be  spared  much 
bewilderment  and  uncertainty  if  stand- 
ardization became  effective.  These  stu- 
dents are  frequently  in  their  third  year 
and  must  readjust  to  other  methods; 
this,  from  the  standpoint  of  economy 
of  time,  is  not  in  the  best  interest  of  nurs- 
ing education.  Secondly:  would  it  not 
be  advantageous  for  our  own  students, 
when  they  become  candidates  for  the 
provincial  registration  examinations,  as 
well  as  for  the  examiners  of  these  va- 
rious subjects,  if  more  uniformity  of 
lectures  and  demonstrations  existed? 
rile  rat.'ng  scale  would  not  be  subject 
to  such  a  range  of  exceptions.  Thirdly: 
the    new    graduate    becomes    a    private 

FEBRUARY,  1942 


duty  nurse,  and  is  called  to  serve  various 
doctors  and  in  many  hospitals;  here 
again  some  uniformity  of  procedures 
would  enable  her  to  adapt  herself  readily 
with  the  minimum  of  assistance,  thus 
giving  efficient  service  to  both  patient 
and  doctor.  Fourthly:  consider  a  grad- 
uate nurse  desirous  of  furthering  her 
education  by  postgraduate  experience 
in  one  of  our  Canadian  universities  in 
order  to  prepare  herself  for  teaching  and 
supervision.  During  her  field  work, 
which  m  all  probability  will  be  spent 
in  a  school  other  than  the  one  in  which 
she  received  her  nursing  education,  she 
may  be  assigned  the  teaching  of  a  les- 
son in  nursing  arts,  and  while  "shc  mav 
appreciate  the  value  of  the  teaching  prin- 
ciples recently  stressed,  and  make  de- 
finite application  of  them,  may  express 
concern  and  manifest  insecurity  be- 
cause she  is  unfamiliar  with  the  methods 
taught  in  that  particular  school.  Is  it 
not  reasonable  that  if  such  procedures 
as  bed-making,  proctoclysis  and  innu- 
merable others,  could  be  standardized, 
the  postgraduate  student  would  find  it 
infinitely  easier  to  adjust  and  at  the  same 
time  make  a  worthwhile  contribution  to 
the  teaching  program,  rather  tiian  ne- 
cessitate it  being  considered  an  extra 
or  review  class.  Fifthly:  the  path  of  the 
newly   appointed    arts   instructor    would 


107 


108 


T  H  E   C  A  N  .  \  D  I  A  N   NURSE 


be  much  smoother  if  some  considera- 
tio]i  to  the  standardization  of  procedures 
were  given.  Instead  of  weeks  of  unlearn- 
ing and  indecision  she  would  be  able  to 
proceed,  secure  in  the  knowledge  that 
the  basic  principles  which  she  is  teach- 
ing are  those  she  was  taught.  Sixthly : 
would  it  not  be  advantageous  to  the 
inspector  of  schools  of  nursing  if  cer- 
tain methods  were  standardized,  with 
the  knowledge  that  the  most  desirable 
method  had  been  adopted.''  Petty  dif- 
ferences in  technique  to  which  a  certain 
school  might  cling  jealously  could  be 
dealt  with  judiciously. 


If  such  a  challenge  were  accepted 
and  standardization  came  into  effect, 
films  for  use  in  a  community  or  adja- 
cent communities  might  be  prepared,  the 
expense  being  borne  by  the  various 
schools.  This  would  be  a  suggested  pro- 
ject for  local  committees  on  instruction, 
and  one  which  would  be  of  interest  to 
all  members.  We  realize  the  magnitude 
of  the  task  and  that  it  would  infringe 
on  the  individuality  of  all  schools  and 
doubtless  meet  with  opposition.  XVhat 
school  will  be  willing  to  forfeit  its  tech- 
nique.? Yet  much  that  is  progressive 
provokes  opposition. 


The  Royal  College  of  Nursing 


The  Council  of  the  Ro)al  College 
of  Nursing  heard  with  pleasure  of 
Lord  Herder's  promise  to  preside  over 
the  College's  reconstruction  committee. 
This  committee  will  include  representa- 
tives of  all  kinds  of  employing  bodies  in 
voluntary  and  local  government  serv- 
ices, all .  the  most  important  groups  of 
medical  officers,  and  representatives  of 
every  branch  of  nursing.  It  will  advise 
on  recruitment  and  training,  both  now, 
when  there  is  such  a  serious  shortage  of 
Jiurses  and  after  the  war,  when  many 
women  will  again  be  thrown  on  the 
labour  market.  It  will  recommend  le- 
gislative measures  for  controlling  the 
post-war  activities  of  the  assistant  nurse, 
and  the  regulation  of  conditions  of 
service  by  negotiation  between  em- 
plo)ers  and  employed.  Since  its  findings 
will  represent  an  up-to-date  and  agreed 
policy,  arrived  at  between  the  nurses 
themselves  and  those  for  whom  they 
work,  they  should  be  of  national  value. 


So  many  Jiurses  are  being  absorbed 
into  war  industries  that  the  need  to 
draw  up  proper  terms  of  reference  and 
salary  scales  has  become  urgent.  En- 
dorsement of  a  proposed  code  of  ethics 
for  industrial  nurses  is  being  sought 
from  the  Society  of  Industrial  Medical 
Officers  and  the  British  Medical  Asso- 
ciation. The  Royal  College  maintains 
that  the  status  of  the  industrial  nurse 
should  be  that  of  other  salaried  staff, 
WMth  the  same  privileges;  her  profes- 
sional relations  with  the  industrial  med- 
ical officer  (where  one  is  employed) 
and  the  labour  or  welfare  manager, 
are  clearly  defined.  The  principle  of 
overtime  pa)'  for  overtime  work  is 
strongly  deprecated  but  the  Council 
emphasizes  the  nurse's  right  to  an  ap- 
propriate fee  for  lecturing  in  non-work- 
ing hours.  The  Royal  College  of  Nurs- 
ing recommends  that  industrial  nurses 
should  be  covered  with  regard  to  pro- 
fessional indemnity. 

Vol.  38  No.  2 


PUBLIC   HEALTH   NURSING 


Contributed  bv  the  Public  Health  Section  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association. 


Family  Health  in  Montreal 

Marie-Rose  Grignon    and    Maria  Olivier 


The  purpose  of  this  article  is  to  point 
out  what  is  being  done  in  the  realm  of 
health  in  Montreal  among  our  French- 
Canadian  families.  Family  health  service 
is  maintained  by  the  combined  efforts  of 
both  official  authorities  and  private  as- 
sociations. Our  voluntary  organizations 
have  been  particularly  active  in  carry- 
ing out  their  work  of  advance  guards, 
that  is,  of  seeking  out  new  fields  of  ac- 
tion, showing  the  value  of  the  services 
rendered,  and  creating  public  opinion  of 
a  nature  to  allow  the  work  to  be  con- 
tinued. Public  authority  fulfills  its  obli- 
gation by  subsidizing  voluntary  associa- 
tions while,  at  the  same  time,  it  sees 
that  the  work  is  properly  done.  It  looks 
after  everjthing  relating  of  necessity  to 
a  health  department  and  seeks  to  supple- 
ment the  efforts  which  cannot  be  re- 
quired of  voluntary  organizations. 

The  social  exchange  replies  to  requests 
for  information  on  the  part  of  interested 
organizations.  Here,  the  mother  is  the 
object  of  particular  attention.  Various 
organizations  give  a  visiting  nursing 
service  as  well  as  proper  medical  care, 
either  to  mothers  in  comfortable  circum- 
stances or  to  needy  mothers.  Mothers 
prefer  to  be  treated  by  their  own  doctor 
when  possible;  in  serious  cases  they  call 
in  a  specialist. 

"L' Assistance  Maternelje",  a  welfare 

FEBRUARY,  194? 


organization  subsidized  by  the  P'ede ra- 
tion of  French-Canadian  Charities,  of- 
fers complete  care  to  needy  mothers  and 
maintains  a  dispensary  for  examination, 
analyses,  and  education.  It  provides  for 
care  bv  a  doctor  at  the  time  of  birth,  and 
for  home  nursing  from  the  time  the 
case  is  entered  until  after  the  birth.  Ma- 
terial assistance  is  also  given  in  certain 
cases,  including  layettes,  food  and  fuel. 
The  Metropolitan  Life  Insurance  Com- 
pany, through  its  visiting  nurses,  offers 
to  its  policy-holders  not  only  nursing 
during  illness  but  also  furnishes  an  upv- 
to-date  educational  program.  This  Com- 
pany's pamphlets  have  done  a  great  deal 
to  familiarize  the  public  with  public 
health.  ^Vithin  recent  years,  a  new  vis- 
iting nurse  service  has  been  organized  to 
meet  the  needs  of  the  public  in  general. 
It  is  called  the  "Societe  des  Infirmieres 
Visiteuses",  and  is  similar  to  the  Vic- 
torian Order  of  Nurses,  giving  bedside 
care  to  all  cases  of  illness,  in  maternity 
cases,  special  treatments,  etc.  Patients 
pay  according  to  a  fixed  tariff,  but  in 
needy  cases  care  is  given  free.  This  or- 
ganization is  subsidized  by  the  Federa- 
tion. 

From  the  time  of  its  entrance  into 
the  world,  the  child  must  fight  against 
contagious  disease.  It  may  be  protected 
against  attack  from  certain  ones,  notably 

109 


110 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


smallpox,  diphtheria,  and  tuberculosis. 
"B.C.G."  (Calmette-Guerin  bacillus)  is 
furnished  free  of  charge  by  the  Insti- 
tute of  Microbiology  and  Hygiene  of  the 
University  of  Montreal  and  is  within 
reach  of  all  on  the  recommendation  of 
the  doctor  in  attendance.  In  most  ma- 
ternity hospitals  "B.C.G."  is  adminis- 
tered to  new-born  infants  if  the  parents 
wish.  Where  the  mother  is  tuberculosis, 
or  when  there  is  tuberculosis  in  the  fa- 
mily, the  vaccinated  child  is  removed 
from  contact  after  birth  and  taken  to  a 
B.C.G.  clinic,  where  it  remains  for  sev- 
eral months  and  receives  required  care. 
This  clinic,  operated  under  the  "Assis- 
tance Maternelle",  is  subsidized  and  is 
under  the  direction  of  a  paediatrist.  The 
staff  must  be  free  from  tuberculosis,  and 
must  submit  to  periodical  examinations. 
Other  children  in  these  families  are  al- 
so protected  by  the  Grancher  fund, 
which  sends  children  to  the  country  un- 
der the  supervision  of  nurses  of  the 
Ministry  of  Health. 

Infant  mortality  has  diminished  con- 
siderably within  recent  years,  thanks  to 
well-baby  clinics  opened  by  the  City 
Health  Department  and  thanks  to  those 
of  the  "Federation  d'Hygienc  Infantile", 
a  private  institution  organized  on  a  paro- 
chial basis  and  subsidized  by  the  Federa- 
tion. Visiting  nurses,  either  in  clinics  or 
at;  home,  teach  mothers  how  to  care  for 
their  babies.  In  these  clinics  are  also  re- 
ceived children  of  pre-school  age  and 
immunization  against  diphtheria  is  ad- 
ministered. 

The  School  Social  Service  organizes 
school  canteens,  the  purpose  of  which  is 
to  teach  children  the  nutritional  value 
of  milk  and  thereby  to  help  under-nour- 
ished or  weak  pupils.  It  seeks  to  insure 
the  consumption,  at  school,  of  one-half 
pint  of  milk  per  day  by  children  who  arc- 
ten  pounds  or  more  underweight.  The 
milk  is  furnished  free  of  charge  to  chil- 
dren in  needy  families. 


For  some  years  the  School  Commis- 
sion has  operated  the  Victor  Dore  School 
for  crippled  children.  This  school,  erec- 
ted and  equipped  according  to  most  mo- 
dern plans,  allows  children  to  continue 
their  studies  who  would  otherwise  be 
prevented  from  doing  so  on  account  of 
their  infirmity.  An  autobus  takes  the 
child  to  school  and  back  home  again. 
The  pupils  have  their  lunch  at  school, 
fhus  insuring  proper  nourishment,  riic 
school  is  provided  with  beds  where  the 
children  may  take  a  rest,  rooms  equip- 
ped with  apparatus  for  correctional  ph^'- 
sical  exercises,  manual  training  classes, 
etc.  These  children  are  under  the  super- 
vision of  a  paediatrist  and  a  specialized 
nurse.  A  school  for  epileptic  children  al- 
so exists.  It  cares  for  them,  educates 
them,  gives  them  the  noon-day  meal 
and  a  kmch  in  the  aft^ernoon,  also  fur- 
nishing  car   tickets. 

There  are  vacation  camps  for  little 
boys  and  girls  which  permit  them  to  en- 
joy three  weeks  in  the  country.  The 
Bruchesi  Institute  Health  Camps  pro- 
vide two  months  of  vacation  for  chil- 
dren who  are  free  from  tuberculosis, 
hut  who  have  had  contact  with  persons 
having  the  disease.  A  large  number  of 
young  school  children,  selected  from 
among  the  most  needy,  benefit  from 
these  camps,  which  are  even  \et  not  too 
plentiful.  The  others  find  solace  in  the 
playgrounds  organized  by  the  cit\ . 

In  the  fight  against  tuberculosis,  Bru- 
chesi Institute,  with  its  three  dispen- 
saries all  well-equipped  and  having  an 
excellent  medical  and  nursing  service, 
seeks  out,  diagnoses,  and  educates  pa- 
tients and  directs  them  to  hospitals  or 
sanatoria.  In  her  house-to-house  visits, 
the  nurse  looks  after  health  conditions 
and  watches  o\er  the  children  to  catch 
the  first  signs  of  the  malady.  An  asso- 
ciation of  former  tuberculosis  patients, 
"La  Croix  de  Lorraine",  facilitates  a  re- 
turn to  iiormal  living  conditions  and  to 

Vol,  38  No.  2 


FAMILY   HEALTH    IN    MONTREAL 


111 


work,  and  even  secures  further  profes- 
sional training  for  those  who  desire  it. 

The  Department  of  Health,  through 
its  Sanitary  Districts,  which  are  provided 
with  centres  of  organization  and  educa- 
tion, completes  the  work  of  private  in- 
stitutions and  looks  after  public  health 
in  general.  To  accomplish  this  work  a 
large  number  of  clinics  have  been  opened 
to  the  pubh'c;  pre-natal  chnics  exist  for 
the  protection  of  the  mother  and  child. 
Mothers  are  welcomed  by  doctors  and 
nurses  who  pay  particular  attention  to 
their  condition.  The  doctor's  examina- 
tion is  completed  by  blood  and  urine 
analyses  and  the  family  physician  is  ad- 
vised of  the  results.  Educatiojial  work 
is  carried  out  through  personal  talks  and 
classes. 

Baby  clinics,  in  their  fight  against  in- 
fant mortality,  have  already  given  good 
results.  The)-  receive :  ( 1 )  babies  from 
birth  to  one  vear  to  be  weighed  and 
measured  regularly,  to  be  supervised  as 
to  normal  growth,  control  of  feeding 
and  inculcation  of  health  habits  and 
practices;  (2)  children  of  pre-school 
age,  that  is,  from  one  to  five  years, 
whose  physical  and  mental  development 
is  watched.  A  medical  examination  pre- 
paratorj-  to  the  child's  entrance  into 
school  allows  the  discovery  of  certain 
physical  defects  and  their  subsequent 
correction.  In  these  clinics,  preventive 
medicine  is  practised  under  the  form  of 
antidiphtheric  immunization,  starting  at 
nine  months  of  age,  and  smallpox  vac- 
cination, this  latter  being  obligatory  for 
admission  to  school.  The  Vollmer  test 
is  also  made  to  ascertain  tuberculosis  con- 
tact cases.  Positive  patch  tests  are  visited 
by  a  nurse  who  makes  an  investigation 
and  refers  the  children,  as  well  as  the 
contacts,  either  to  the  family  doctor  or 
to  the  Bruchesi  or  Laurier  Clinic,  the 
latter,  a  municipal  anti-tuberculosis 
clinic,  for  radiography.  All  the  above- 
mentioned   vaccines,   as  well   as  certain 

FEBRUARY.  1942 


sera  —  antidiphtheric,  anti-scarlet  fev- 
er, anti-poliomyelitis  —  are  also  fur- 
nished gratis  to  practising  physicians  who 
ask  for  them. 

On  reaching  school  age,  the  child, 
through  contact  with  a  greater  number 
of  children  in  class,  is  exposed  to  conta- 
gious diseases  common  to  childhood. 
This  necessitates  effective  supervision  so 
as  to  eliminate,  as  early  as  possible, 
every  suspected  case.  It  is  also  necessary 
to  control  absence  due  to  sickness,  by 
visits  to  homes.  In  every  case  of  con- 
tagious disease  confirmed  by  a  doctor, 
the  nurse  goes  to  the  home  to  investi- 
gate, to  instruct  the  members  of  the 
family  as  to  reporting  the  case,  the  iso- 
lation of  the  patient,  disinfection  dur- 
ing the  period  of  illness,  enforcing  of 
h\  -laws  as  to  quarantine.  Another  high- 
ly importajit  point  is  to  impress  upon  the 
parents  the  need  for  medical  attention 
and  adequate  nursing.  The  Pasteur  and 
Alexandra  Hospitals  for  contagious  cases 
render  valuable  services  in  caring  for 
cases  where  isolation  cannot  be  carried 
out  in  a  proper  manner  in  the  home,  or 
where  the  patient  cannot  receive  the 
proper  care. 

At  school  the  child  receives  a  period- 
ical medical  examination  for  the  pur- 
pose of  finding  and  correcting  physi- 
cal defects.  Parents  are  invited  to  this 
examination.  Parents  and  the  family  doc- 
tor are  notified  as  to  the  defects  ascer- 
tained. This  medical  examination  is 
completed  by  all  necessary  special  exam- 
inations such  as  the  Binet-Simon  test, 
audiometric  test,  etc.  The  former  helps 
classif}'  pupils  for  industrial  classes  and 
permits  of  selecting  those  who  should  be 
referred  to  the  mental  hygiene  clinic. 
There  are  frequent  cases  of  dental  de- 
cay among  school  children.  A  number 
of  dental  clinics  operated  bv  the  city 
have,  as  their  object,  the  spreading  of 
knowledge  concerning  care  of  the  teeth 
b\    means  of  examination   of  teeth   and 


112 


THE   CANADIAN  NURSE 


lectures  in  class  by  dentists.  Cleaning 
teeth,  filling,  extractions,  and  even 
orthodontia,  are  practised  in  a  special 
clinic. 

All  the  work  of  the  City  Health  De- 
partment Sanitary  Districts  is  based  on 
the  visits  of  nurses  to  the  homes.  This 
visit  is  for  the  purpose  of  teaching  and 
applying  principles  of  public  health,  to 
develop  in  the  family  circle  a  favourable 
attitute   requisite    for   preserving  health. 


This  is  a  work  of  discovery,  education 
and  co-operation  with  the  various  or- 
ganizations interested  in  public  health 
in  its  physical,  moral  and  social  aspects. 
In  the  Montreal  Department  of  Health, 
the  health  teaching  section  contributes 
in  great  measure  to  the  dissemination  of 
principles  of  prevention  among  the 
French-Canadian  public  by  articles,  press 
releases,  its  annual  report,  Health  Bul- 
letin, radio  talks,  and  pamphlets. 


Hygiene  Familiale 


Cet  article  a  pour  but  d'exposer  ce  qui 
se  fait  en  matiere  d'hygiene  a  Montreal, 
dans  nos  families  canadiennes-franQaises.  Le 
service  familial  d'hygiene  est  assure  par  les 
efforts  combines  des  autorites  oficielles  et 
des  associations  privees.  Nos  associations 
volontaires  ont  ete  particulierement  actives 
en  effectuant  leur  travail  d'avant-garde,  c'est- 
a-dire  en  recherchant  de  nouveau  champs 
d'action,  en  prouvant  la  valeur  de  leurs  ser- 
vices et  en  creant  une  opinion  publique  ca- 
pable d'en  assumer  la  continuation.  De  son 
cote,  I'autorite  publique  remplit  son  role  en 
subventionnant  les  associations  volontaires 
tout  en  s'assurant  de  la  qualite  du  travail 
accompli.  Elle  s'occupe  de  tout  ce  qui  releve 
necessairement  d'un  service  d'hygiene,  et 
s'el  force  de  repondre  aux  besoins  auxquels 
les  associations  volontaires  ne  subviennent 
point. 

L'echange  social  repond  aux  demandes  de 
renseignements  des  organisations  interessees. 
Chez  nous,  la  mere  est  I'objet  d'une  atten- 
tion toute  particuliere.  Diverses  organisa- 
tions off  rent,  soit  aux  meres  a  I'aise,  soit 
aux  meres  necessiteuses,  un  service  d'in- 
firmieres  visiteuses  de  meme  qu'un  service 
medical  adequat.  Les  mamans  preferent, 
quand  la  chose  est  possible,  se  faire  suivre 
par  leur  medecin  de  famille.  Dans  les  cas 
difficiles,  elles  font  appel  au  specialiste. 

"L'Assistance  Maternelle",  oeuvre  de  bien- 
faisance  subventionnee  par  la  Federation  des 
Oeuvres  de   Charite   Canadiennes-franQaises, 


offre  a  la  mere  necessiteuse  un  service  com- 
plet ;  dispensaire  pour  examens,  analyses, 
education,  soins  du  medecin  acoucheur,  ser- 
vice de  visiteuses  a  domicile  depuis  I'inscrip- 
tion  du  cas  jusqu'a  la  visite  postnatale.  Une 
aide  materielle  est  aussi  donnee  en  certains 
cas  sous  forme  de  layettes,  aliments,  chauf- 
fage,  etc.  "L'Assurance-Vie  Metroix)litaine", 
par  son  service  d'infirmieres  visiteuses,  of- 
fre a  ses  abonnes  non  seulement  les  soins  au 
chevet  en  cas  de  maladie,  mais  elle  elabore 
un  progYamme  d'education  familiale  tres  a 
la  page.  Les  publications  de  cette  compagnie 
ont  fortement  contribue  a  vulgariscr  les 
principes  d'hygiene. 

Dans  ces  dernieres  annees,  un  nouveau 
service  de  visiteuses  a  ete  cree  afin  de  re- 
pondre aux  besoins  de  la  population  en  gene- 
ral. C'est  la  Societe  des  Infirmieres  Visi- 
teuses, service  similaire  au  "Victorian  Order 
of  Nurses",  qui  procure  les  soins  au  chevet 
l)our  toutes  les  maladies,  pour  les  cas  de  ma- 
ternite,  pour  les  traitements  speciaux,  etc. 
Les  patients  paient  suivant  un  tarif  etabli. 
mais  en  cas  d'indigence,  les  soins  sont  don- 
nes  gratuitement.  Cette  oeuvre  est  subven- 
tionnee par  la  Federation  des  Oeuvres. 

Des  son  entree  dans  la  vie.  Ten  f ant  doit 
lutter  contre  les  maladies  contagieuses. 
Contre  I'atteinte  de  certaines  affections,  il 
peut  etre  preserve,  notamment  contre  la  va- 
riole,  la  diphterie,  la  tuberculose,  etc.  En 
ce  qui  concerne  la  tuberculose,  le  B.C.G. 
(Bacille    Calmette-Guerin)    est    fourni    gra- 


Vor.   38  No.  2 


HYGIENE  F  A  M  I  L  I  A  L  E 


113 


tuitement  par  I'lnstitut  de  Microbiologic  et 
d'Hygiene  de  I'Universite  de  Montreal  et  est 
a  la  portee  de  tous  sur  recommandation  du 
medecin  traitant.  Dans  la  plupart  des  ma- 
ternites,  le  B.C.G.  est  donne  aux  nouveau- 
nes  quand  les  parents  le  desirent.  Dans  le 
cas  d'une  mere  tuberculeuse,  ou,  quand  il  y 
a  un  tuberculeux  dans  la  famille,  I'enfant 
vaccine  est  soustrait  au  contact  des  sa  nais- 
sance  et  conduit  a  la  clinique  du  B.C.G.  ou 
il  reste  plusieurs  mois  et  y  regoit  des  soins 
voulus.  Cette  clinique,  filiale  de  I'Assistance 
Maternelle,  est  une  oeuvre  subventionnee.  La 
direction  en  est  confiee  a  un  medecin  pe- 
diatre.  Le  personnel  doit  etre  indemne  de 
tuberculose  et  doit  subir  des  examens  perio- 
diques.  Les  autres  enfants  de  ces  memes  fa- 
milies sont  aussi  proteges  par  I'oeuvre 
Grancher,  service  de  placement  familial  a  la 
campagne,  sous  la  surveillance  des  infir- 
mieres  du  Ministere  de  la  Sante. 

La  mortalite  infantile  a  considerablement 
baisse  depuis  quelques  annees,  grace  aux 
cliniques  de  nourrissons  du  Service  de  Sante 
de  la  Ville  et  aux  "Gouttes  de  Lait"  cli- 
niques de  nourrissons  de  la  Federation  d'Hy- 
giene Infantile,  oeuvre  privee  organisee  sur 
une  base  paroissiale  et  subventionnee  par  la 
Federation  des  Oeuvres.  Les  infirmieres 
visiteuses,  soit  a  la  clinique,  soit  a  domicile, 
enseignent  aux  meres  comment  prendre  soin 
de  leurs  bebes.  Dans  ces  consultations,  on 
regoit  aussi  les  enfants  d'age  prescolaire  et 
Ton  procede  a  I'immunisation  contre  la 
diphterie. 

"Le  Service  Social  scolaire"  organise  les 
cantines  scolaires  qui  ont  pour  but  de  de- 
montrer  aux  enfants  la  valeur  nutritive  du 
lait  et  d'aider  ainsi  I'enfant  debile.  II  con- 
siste  a  promouvoir  la  consommation,  a 
I'ecole,  d'un  demiard  de  lait  par  les  enfants 
qui  ont  au  moins  dix  livres  en  bas  du  poids 
moyens.  Le  lait  est  fourni  a  titre  gracieux 
aux  ecoliers  appartenant  aux  families  neces- 
siteuses.  Depuis  plusieurs  annees  deja,  la 
Commission  Scolaire  a  ouvert  I'Ecole  Victor- 
Dore  pour  les  enfants  infirmes.  Cette  ecole, 
amenagee  d'apres  les  donnees  les  plus  mo- 
dernes,  permet  a  I'enfant  de  poursuivre  ses 
etudes  lorsque  son  infirmite  I'empeche  de 
suivre  les  classes  regulieres.  Un  autobus 
prend  I'enfant  a  la  maison  le  matin  et  le 
ramene  chez  lui  le  soir.  Les  enfants  dinent 


a  I'ecole,  ce  qui  leur  assure  une  alimentation 
rationnelle.  L'ecole  dispose  de  lits  de  repos, 
de  salles  munies  d'appareils  pour  exercices 
physiques  correctifs,  d'ateliers  de  travaux 
manuels,  etc.  Ces  enfants  sont  sous  la  sur- 
veillance d'un  medecin  pediatre  et  dinfir- 
mieres. 

Une  ecole  pour  les  enfants  epileptiques 
regoit  cette  categorie  d'enfants,  les  traite,  les 
eduque,  fournit  le  repas  du  midi  et  la  colla- 
tion puis  les  billets  de  tramways.  Cette 
ecole  possede  un  atelier  pour  la  confection 
des  jouets  necessaires  a  Tenseignement  ma- 
nuel  de  ses  eleves.  C'est  une  ecole  indepen- 
dante,  et  les  parents  doivent  y  conduire  eux- 
memes  leurs  enfants. 

Des  colonies  de  vacances  existent  pour 
gargons  et  fillettes,  les  faisant  beneficier 
d'un  sejour  de  trois  semaines  a  la  campagne. 
Les  Camps  de  Sante  de  I'lnstitut  Bruchesi 
procurent  deux  mois  de  vacances  au.x  enfants 
indemnes  de  tuberculose,  mais  qui  ont  ete  en 
contact  avec  des  tuberculeux.  Un  grand 
nombre  de  petits  ecoliers  choisis  parmi  les 
plus  deficients  beneficient  de  ces  colonies 
de  vacances  encore  trop  peu  nombreuses. 
Pour  les  autres,  il  existe  des  terrains  de 
jeux  organisees  par  la  Ville. 

Dans  la  lutte  contre  la  tuberculose,  I'lns- 
titut Bruchesi,  avec  ses  trois  dispensaires 
bien  outilles  et  un  excellent  service  de  me- 
decins  et  d'infirmieres  visiteuses,  recherche, 
diagnostique,  eduque  les  patients  et  les  dirige 
vers  I'hopital  ou  le  sanatorium.  Dans  ses 
visites  a  domicile,  I'infirmiere  voit  aux  con- 
ditions d'hygiene,  surveille  les  enfants  pour 
saisir  a  son  reveil  I'eclosion  de  la  maladie. 
Une  association  d'anciens  tuberculeux  "La 
Croix  de  Lorraine"  facilite  le  retour  a  la  vie 
normale  et  au  travail  et  elle  procure  une 
nouvelle  formation  professionnelle  a  ceux 
qui  le  desirent. 

Le  Service  de  Sante,  par  ses  "Districts 
Sanitaires"  pourvus  d'un  Centre  d'organisa- 
tion  et  d'education,  complete  le  travail  des 
organisations  privees  et  s'occupe  de  la  sante 
de  la  population  en  general.  Pour  accomplir 
cette  tache,  de  nombreuses  consultations  sont 
ouvertes  au  public.  Des  consultations  pre- 
natales  sont  etablies  pour  la  protection  de  la 
mere  et  de  I'enfant.  Les  meres  y  sont  bien 
accueillies  par  les  medecins  et  les  infirmieres 
qui  accordent  une  attention  toute  particuliere 


FEBRUARY,  1942 


114 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


a  leur  etat.  La  consultation  du  medecin  est 
completee  par  I'examen  du  sang  et  par  I'ana- 
lyse  des  urines,  etc.  Le  medecin  de  famille 
est  avise  du  resultat  de  cet  examen.  L'on  y 
fait  de  Tenseignement  sous  forme  d'entre- 
vues  individuelles,  et  de  classes. 

Les  consultations  de  nourrissons,  dans 
leur  lutte  contre  la  mortalite  infantile,  ont 
deja  donne  de  bons  resultats.  L'on  y  recoit 
lo)  les  nourrissons  de  0  a  1  ans,  pour  la 
pesee  et  la  mensuration  reguHeres,  pour  la 
surveillance  de  la  croissance  normale,  pour 
le  controle  du  regime  alimentaire  et  pour 
I'enseignement  des  soins  d'hygiene  pratique ; 
2o)  I'enfant  d'age  prescolaire,  c'est-a-dire 
de  1  a  5  ans,  dont  on  surveille  le  developpe- 
ment  normal  physique  et  mental.  Un  examen 
medical  en  vue  de  preparer  I'enfant  a  son 
entree  a  I'ecole,  permet  de  decouvrir  certains 
defauts  physiques  et  d'y  porter  remede. 

Dans  ces  consultations,  la  medecine  pre- 
ventive est  pratiquee  sous  forme  d'immunisa- 
tion  antidiphterique  des  I'age  de  neuf  mois,  et 
de  vaccination  antivariolique,  cette  vaccina- 
tion est  obligatoire  pour  I'admission  a  I'ecole. 
L'on  y  fait  aussi  le  test  Vollmer  pour  la  re- 
cherche des  contacts  tuberculeux.  Les  patch- 
tests  positifs  sont  visites  par  I'infirmiere 
qui  fait  I'enquete  et  refere  les  enfants  ainsi 
que  les  cas  de  contact  soit  au  medecin  de 
famille,  soit  a  I'lnstitut  Bruchesi,  soit  a  la 
clinique  Laurier,  clinique  antituberculeuse 
municipale,  pour  y  etre  radiographiees.  Tous 
les  vaccins  plus  haut  mentionnes,  ainsi  que 
certains  serums  tels  que  les  serums  anti- 
diphterique, antiscarlatineux,  antipoliomyeli- 
tique,  sont  aussi  fournis  gratuitement  aux 
medecins  praticiens  qui  en  font  la  demande. 

Parvenu  a  I'age  scolaire,  I'enfant  par  son 
contact  avec  un  plus  grand  nombre  d'enfants 
rencontres  en  classe,  est  expose  aux  maladies 
contagieuses  dites  de  I'enfance,  d'od  la  neces- 
site  d'une  surveillance  efficace  afin  d'eliminer 
sans  retard  tout  cas  suspect.  II  est  aussi  ne- 
cessaire  de  controler  les  absences  attribuables 
a  la  maladie,  au  moyen  de  visites  a  domicile. 
Dans  tous  les  cas  de  maladies  contagieuses 
confirmes  par  un  medecin,  I'infirmiere  se 
rend  a  domicile  pour  enqueter.  faire  I'edu- 
cation  des  families  au  sujet  de  la  declaration 
des  cas,  de  I'isolement  du  malade,  de  la  de- 
sinfection  en  cours  de  maladie,  de  I'applica- 
tion  des  reglements  concernant  la  quarantaine 


etc..  et,  ce  qui  n'est  pas  le  moindre:  faire 
comprendre  I'importance  de  la  surveillance 
medicale  et  des  soins  en  nursing. 

Les  hopitaux  Pasteur  et  Alexandra,  hopi- 
taux  pour  contagieux,  rendent  d'immenses 
services  en  hospitalisant  les  cas  dont  I'isole- 
ment ne  pent  etre  fait  de  fagon  convenable 
a  la  maison,  ou  que  le  malade  ne  peut  y  re- 
cevoir  les  soins  adequats. 

A  I'ecole,  I'enfant  subit  un  examen  me- 
dical periodique  pour  la  recherche  et  la  cor- 
rection des  defauts  physiques.  Les  parents 
sont  convoques  a  cet  examen.  On  donne  aux 
parents  et  au  medecin  de  famille  un  avis 
concernant  les  defauts  trouves.  Cet  examen 
medical  est  complete  par  tous  les  examens 
speciaux  necessaires :  tests  Binet-Simon,  exa- 
mens a  I'audiometre,  etc.  Le  test  Binet-Si- 
mon aide  a  la  classification  des  eleves  pour 
les  classes  industrielles  et  a  la  selection  des 
cas  a  referer  a  la  clinique  d'hygiene  men- 
tale,  etc.  La  carie  dentaire  est  frequent  chez 
la  gent  scolaire.  Plusieurs  cliniques  den- 
taires  ouvertes  par  la  ville  ont  pour  but  de 
faire  I'education  au  sujet  des  soins  den- 
taires :  examens  et  causeries  du  dentiste  dans 
les  classes,  prophylaxie,  obturation,  extrac- 
tions et  meme  orthodontic  a  une  clinique  spe- 
ciale. 

Tout  le  travail  des  Districts  Sanitaires  du 
Service  de  Sante  de  la  Ville  repose  sur  la 
visite  de  I'infirmiere  visiteuse  a  domicile. 
Cette  visite  a  pour  objet  I'enseignement  et 
I'application  des  principes  d'hj-giene,  afin  de 
developper  au  sein  des  families  I'attitude  fa- 
vorable necessaire  au  maintien  de  la  sante. 
C'est  un  service  de  depistage,  d'education,  de 
cooperation  avec  les  diferentes  organisations 
qui  s'occupent  de  la  sante  physique,  morale  et 
sociale.  .A^u  Service  de  Sante  de  Montreal, 
la  Section  de  I'enseignement  de  I'Hygiene 
par  ses  articles  quotidiens  dans  les  journaux, 
son  rapport  annuel,  son  Bulletin  d'Hygiene, 
ses  causeries  a  la  radio,  ses  feuillets,  etc., 
contribue,  aussi,  largement  a  la  diffusion 
des  principes  de  la  prevention  parmi  notre 
popu!  ation  canadienne-  f rangaise. 

Marie-Rose  Grignon, 
infirmierc   insiteiise,  Institut  Bruchesi, 

Maria  Olivier, 

infirmiere    surveillante,    Service    de 
Sante,  Ville'  de  Montreal. 

Vol.  38  No.  2 


At  Work  in  an  Indian  School 

Kathleen  Stewart 


In  the  Indian  Residential  School  at 
Birtle,  Manitoba,  we  usually  have  about 
one  hundred  and  fifteen  boys  and  girls 
from  seven  to  sixteen  years  of  age.  They 
come  from  many  Reserves,  the  most 
distant  being  Mistawasis,  five  hundred 
miles  away.  English  is  the  common 
tongue  but  they  speak  in  three  Indian 
languages  as  well  —  Cree,  Sioux,  and 
Saulteaux.  Some  tribes  seem  more  ad- 
vanced than  others,  but  all  are  peaceful 
and  anxious  to  do  well. 

Tuberculosis  is  prevalent  and  some 
who  are  negative  at  the  autumn  check- 
up develop  it  and  have  to  leave  the 
School  before  spring.  During  the  last 
two  years  we  have  had  no  active  cases 
except  two  new  pupils,  one  of  whom  is 
now  well  and  back  at  school  after  spend- 
ing a  year  at  the  Sanatorium.  We  have 
had  two  epidemics  of  influenza  and  one 
of  whooping  cough,  and  for  awhile  we 
could  not  go  out  on  account  of  the 
prevalence  of  scarlet  fever  in  town.  I 
do  not  know  of  a  single  case  of  an  In- 
dian having  scarlet  fever  and  I  wonder 
if  they  are  immune  to  it. 

Trachoma  is  our  special  problem  and 
we  treat  it  with  copper  citrate  ointment 
and  copper  sulphate  pencils.  The  copper 
sulphate  pencil  is  applied  directly  to  the 
inside  of  the  infected  eyelid,  then  neu- 
tralized with  saline.  Some  of  the  pupils 
bore  this  patiently  for  years  from  one 
to  five  times  a  week  and  we  used  the 
copper  citrate  ointment  on  alternate 
days.  Last  autumn,  along  with  the  old 
treatment,  we  began  to  use  Sulfanila- 
mide for  twenty  patients  over  a  period 
of  eight  weeks  and  two  weeks  to  rest. 
Very  soon  the  trachoma  disappeared  as 
if  by  magic.  Within  three  weeks,  in 
some  cases,  scar  tissue  was  lessened  so 

FEBRUARY,  1942 


that  the  children  could  see  at  least  fifty 
percent  better  than  they  had  seen  for 
years. 

On  the  Indian  Reserves  near  us 
there  has  been  a  high  infant  mortality 
and  resistance  to  modern  methods  of 
treatment,  especially  regarding  fresh  air 
and  isolation.  To  combat  these  condi- 
tions, we  taught  hygiene  in  class  as  well 
as  we  could  but  apparently  with  very 
little  result.  Then  we  changed  our  me- 
thods and  started  Canadian  Girls  in 
Training  groups  and  took  up  St.  John 
Ambulance  junior  first  aid  as  a  depart- 
mental project.  Of  the  class  of  twenty- 
eight,  only  one  refused  to  try  the  ex- 
amination. We  presented  the  certificates 
formally  and  every  one  concerned  wore 
a  C.G.I.T.  uniform.  The  missionaries 
from  the  reserves,  the  doctor,  and  the 
Indian  agent  were  invited.  The  girls 
contributed  vocal  numbers  and  the  ma- 
tron presented  the  certificates  and  in- 
troduced the  girls  as  they  received  them. 

The  next  year  we  tried  home  nurs- 
ing and  this  created  much  interest  and 
out  of  a  class  of  thirty-one,  only  six 
failed.  They  recognized  the  value  of 
home  nursing  and  liked  it,  so  the  next 
year  we  tried  the  senior  course.  Sixty 
hours  of  their  spare  time  was  spent  on 
instruction  and  practice  and  the  rest  of 
the  studying  was  done  when  they  could 
manage  it.  We  hectographed  notes  and 
gave  them  the  pages  as  they  went  along. 
When  the  certificates  were  presented 
the  Canadian  Mounted  Policeman  for 
this  district  was  chairman. 

Next  we  planned  a  two-year  course 
in  mother  craft.  The  first  part  includes 
personal  hygiene  and  moral  conduct,  and 
gives  simple  information  about  social 
diseases.  Attention  is  also  given  to  home 

lis 


116 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


making  and  child  care  and  training. 
The  second  part  will  deal  with  the  es- 
sentials of  midwifi-'ry  because  sometimes 
a  girl  goes  home  to  the  Reserve  for  a 
few  weeks  to  care  for  her  mother  and 
the  new  baby.  Elementary  teaching  will 
also  be  given  in  children's  diseases  and 
the  care  of  old  people,  the  blind,  and 
cripples.  We  use  the  free  literature  pro- 
vided by  the  Manitoba  Department  of 
Health  and  each  girl  gets  the  pamph- 
lets entitled:  "^'ou  and  your  bah)", 
"Now  we  are  growing  up",  "Eirst  years 
at  school",  "The  in-between  years", 
"Years  of  discretion",  as  well  as  pamph- 
lets on  prevention.  This  year,  twenty 
boys  and  thirty  girls  are  taking  first  aid. 
They  have  brothers  overseas  and  are 
hoping  to  learn  to  be  use  fid  so  that  if 
they  have  an  opportunity  they  will  be 
ready,  for  they  want  to  serve  their 
country. 

Except  for  an  hour  in  the  dispensan' 
every  morning,  I  do  very  little  in  the 
hospital  because  no  one  ha;  been  ill  late- 
ly. On  the  staff  of  this  school,  one  is  a 
missionary  rather  than  a  nurse.  When 
the   principal   is   away    wc   take   part   in 


the  church  services  here  and  at  an  In- 
dian church  about  fifteen  miles  away. 
Often  we  are  invited  to  speak  at  meet- 
ings and  it  is  my  special  delight  to  tell 
about  our  work,  especially  during  the 
holidays  when  I  can  meet  the  members 
of  Women's  Missionary  Societies. 

I  like  to  sew  and  recently  made  the 
costumes  for  a  patriotic  concert.  I  even 
cut  the  girls'  hair  and  there  are  duties 
in  the  play  room  and  in  meal  super- 
vision. 

The  photograph  shows  my  senior  and 
junior  home  nursing  classes  and  I  am 
the  small  person  in  the  centre  at  the 
back  and  I  am  not  wearing,  my  cap  be- 
cause we  are  on  our  way  in  to  supper 
after  having  a  whole  day  of  community 
sports  where  our  children  won  many 
l^rizes.  One  of  my  senior  class  is  deaf 
and  only  speaks  about  twice  a  year  but 
she  talks  on  her  fingers  (mixes  Indian 
and  English)  and  writes  well  for  she 
i:;  very  clever.  We  skate,  ski,  play 
hockey,  tennis,  and  badminton.  Near 
the  school  there  are  poplar  bluffs,  hills, 
and  a  river,  so  we  have  many  picnics, 
hunt  rabbits  and  gophers,  and  fish. 


\ol.    i6  No.  2 


Letters  from  Sweden 


Elizabeth  Lyster 


Author's  Note:  While  on  a  holiday 
in  New  York  City,  in  March  1940,  1 
learned  of  a  Field  Hospital  Unit  which 
was  being  formed  to  give  medical  and 
nursing  aid  to  Finland  in  the  war  which 
they  were  fighting  against  Russia  at 
that  time.  I  was  lucky  enough  to  be 
accepted  as  a  member  of  this  Unit  and, 
although  the  war  had  come  to  an  end 
before  we  sailed,  it  was  thought  that 
we  could  give  valuable  help  in  recons- 
truction. However,  as  shown  in  the 
following  letters,  the  German  invasion 
of  Norway  brought  about  changes  in 
the  original  plans  of  the  Unit. 


Sweden,  is  full  of  Norwegian  refugees. 
In  a  few  weeks,  Gaddede  alone  cleared 
between  six  hundred  and  seven  hun- 
dred; they  were  only  allowed  to  keep 
them  24  hours.  All  Sweden  has  black- 
out orders,  but  since  in  this  part  of  the 
country,  we  have  no  darkness  to  speak 
of  now,  it  is  a  bit  superfluous.  It  is  rather 
strange  seeing  the  sky  coloured  with 
the  sunset  as  late  as  1 1  o'clock,  a  bright 
moon  in  a  light  sky  and  birds  still  twit- 
tering. They  have  a  bad  time  of  it, 
those  birds,  hardly  close  an  eye. 

The  situation  in  France  is  pretty  des- 
perate and  we  listen  anxiously  for  new? 
as  you  must  t^oo. 


Stromsund,   Sweden 
May  20th,  1940. 
Dear  M : 

Here  we  are  back  in  Sweden  once 
more,  which,  all  things  considered,  is 
a  good  thing.  You  would  never  guess 
where  we  are  living  this  time — in  a 
Baptist  Chapel!  Some  of  the  girls  art- 
sleeping  on  stretchers,  some  on  small 
wooden  beds,  and  some  on  two  p>ews 
turned  together,  with  straw  mattresses. 
I  have  a  bed  and  a  straw  mattress  and 
am  usng  my  sleeping  bag  which  is 
very  cozy  and  warm.  We  have  three 
long  wooden  tables,  end  to  end,  for  our 
dining  room  table. 

Last  night,  we  had  a  birthday  party 
in  my  honour!  A  table  cloth  (un- 
bleached cotton  sheets),  six  lovely  long 
blue  candles  and  five  red  tulips.  A  reg- 
ular spread — meat  (heavens  knows 
what)  which  the  girls  sliced  and  fried, 
and  scrambled  eggs,  real  eggs,  not  the 
powdered  kind  which  we  have  in  our 
stores,  green  peas,  cranberry  juice  cock- 
tails, hard  Swedish  bread,  cheese,  peanut 
bufer  and  coffee. 

This    town,    like    many    another    in 

FEBRUARY,  1942 


Stromsund,   Sweden 
May  26th,   1940. 
Dear  M: 

Our  days  here  are  very  uneventful 
and  the  big  thrill  is  bath  day — Friday 
for  the  women.  The  men  are  more  for- 
tunate, having  Thursdays  and  Satur- 
days. We  are  doing  all  our  cooking  on 
gasoline  burners  and  really  managing 
very  well,  all  things  considered.  We 
take  turns  on  duty  for  meals  and  sweep- 
ing; the  men  empty  buckets  and  do 
o'"her  odd  jobs.  Laundry  is  more  of  a 
problem  than  ever  before  but  we  still 
look  quite  presentable  and  certainly  many 
of  us  are  much  healthier  than  when  we 
landed  in  Bergen. 

From  the  top  of  a  low  hill,  ten  min- 
utes walk  from  here,  there  is  the  most 
lovely  view,  an  almost  complete  circle 
of  hills  and  mountains  around  the  lake, 
which  oddly  enough  reminds  me  of  the 
St.  Lawrence  with  its  small  wooded 
islands.  There  is  wave  on  wave  of  curv- 
ing low  mountain  lines  of  every  vary- 
ing shade  and  tint  of  blues  and  greys 
and  blacks.  On  the  lake,  which  inciden- 
tally we  crossed  about  a  month  ago  on 

117 


118 


THE   CANADIAN  NURSE 


the  ice,  there  is  a  cable  ferry.  I  had  my 
fingers  crossed,  that  other  time,  for 
some  of  those  trucks  were  mighty  heavy. 

Lights  are  going  out  soon  so  will  write 
more  to-morrow.  No  more  black-outs, 
which  means  we  don't  turn  in  quite  so 

early.         

Stromsund,  Sweden 
June  9th,  1940 
Dear  M: 

Your  letter  of  May  17th  arrived  to- 
day —  my  very  first!  Things  are  hap- 
pening so  fast  and  horribly.  I  am  steel- 
ing my  mind  against  the  worst.  I  do 
not  like  the  sound  of  voices  over  the 
radio  these  days.  It  is  amusing,  in  a 
cynical  and  horrible  way,  contrasting 
the  news  from  Bfigland,  France  and 
Germany. 

We  have  been  here  at  Stromsund 
about  three  weeks  now  and  have  moved 
from  the  Chapel  to  the  headquarters  of 
the  Independent  Order  of  Good  Tem- 
plars which  are  over  one  of  the  2  "bios" 
(movies).  All  the  girls  except  three  who 
share  a  small  room,  are  sleeping  on  a 
long  glassed-in  porch.  We  are  gradual- 
ly getting  used  to  24  hours  of  daylight, 
though  sometimes  it  proves  a  bit  disturb- 
ing to  sleep.  We  have  another  small 
room  which  we  use  as  a  washing  and 
dressing  room;  the  boys  pull  the  curtain 
across  the  stage  in  the  big  room  where 
they  sleep,  and  use  that.  We  have  a 
kitchen  and  a  wood  stove  and  a  store 
room  so  we're  really  very  grand. 

Heaven  and  earth  and  several  other 
things  are  being  moved  to  get  us  mov- 
ing again  to  some  place  where  we  shall 
be  useful.  There  are  money  difficulties 
and  transportation  difficulties  and  alto- 
gether our  path  seems  strewn  with 
them,  but  we  are  hopeful  that  every- 
thing will  be  straightened  out  soon. 

Stromsund,  Sweden 
June  24th,   1940 
Dear  M: 

Your  first  letter  had  been  opened  by 


the  censor  but  nothing  was  removed. 
In  answer  to  some  of  your  questions: 
the  cholera  didn't  upset  me  at  all  and 
we  never  did  get  typhus!  The  sun 
glasses  have  been  useful  so  many  times 
that  I  have  thanked  my  lucky  stars 
that  I  had  them.  The  glare  on  the 
snow  was  unbearable  and  even  now 
on  a  sunny  day,  it  is  wise  to  wear  them. 
It  is  impossible  to  put  into  words  any- 
thing but  these  little  personalities,  per- 
haps the  worth  while  things  after  all, 
which  will  go  on  making  peoples'  lives 
richer  when  other  larger  and  seemingly 
overwhelming  things  have  almost  faded 
from  man's  memory.  For  us,  our  posi- 
tion remains  unchanged.  In  time,  per- 
haps, i"hings  will  be  straightened  out  and 
we  will  be  on  our  way  again. 

The  last  few  days  have  been  ones  of 
sober  festivity.  I  say  sober  for  the  Swedes 
appear  to  take  their  pleasures  seriously. 
It  is  Midsummer,  in  fact  to-day  is  Mid- 
summer Day,  but  the  dancing  and  fun 
started  Saturday.  Many  houses  have 
a  small  sapling  on  either  side  of  their 
front  door  and  small  branches  of  the 
same  kind  of  trees,  which  I  think  are 
young  birches,  woven  through  the  mat 
at  the  doorstep  or  strewn  aroimd  it  for 
the  occasion.  They  go  in  for  flag  poles 
here — tall  white  ones  with  knobs  on 
top.  One  of  the  girls  counted  23  large 
Swedish  flags  waving  in  the  breeze  one 
day  —  just  standing  outside  the  door 
of  the  Chapel  (our  late  abode)  and  tak- 
ing a  quick  look  round!  It  is  a  nice 
flag  —  a  lovely  blue  background  with 
a  primrose  yellow  horizontal  cross. 

In  a  clearing,  in  a  grove  of  birch 
trees,  a  small  dance  platform  has  been 
built,  with  a  covered-in  nook  for  the 
orchestra.  Incongruously,  we  read 
"Swingers"  printed  on  the  cloths  draped 
over  their  music  stands  and  believe  it  or 
not  there  is  a  hot  dog  stand,  though  the 
words  printed  on  the  side  are  "Varm 
Korv".   Sometimes  they  come  enclosed 

Vol.  38  No.  2 


LETTERS    FROM   SWEDEN 


119 


in  a  very  small  white  bun  and  sometimes 
a  piece  of  paper  takes  the  place  of  the 
bun.  I  haven't  discovered  yet  whether 
it  is  a  shortage  of  buns  or  some  deeper 
subtler  reason.  There  are  darts  to  throw 
and  air  rifles  to  shoot  and  the  prizes 
all  seemed  to  be  stuffed  dogs,  varying 
in  size  according  to  the  excellence  of 
your  aim.  There  is  a  magician,  and 
there  is  a  very  tall  flag  pole  with  cross- 
bar, all  of  it  swathed  in  greenery,  for 
the  Maypole  dances.  Unfortunately,  I 
did  not  know  when  the  Swedish  dances 
were  being  danced  until  they  were  over. 


Stromsund,  Sweden 
July  2nd,  1940 
Dear  M : 

I  hesitate  to  make  any  statements 
about  our  plans;  they  are  so  nebulous 
and  so  subject  to  change,  however,  here 
are  the  latest.  The  Unit  is  trying  to  go 
to  France  under  the  auspices  of  the  Red 
Cross,  minus  a  few  of  its  members,  in- 
cluding me.  There  are  several  reasons 
why  I  have  made  this  decision  and  how 
or  when  I  shall  return  to  New  York 
is  apparently  in  the  lap  of  the  gods.  In 
the  meantime,  I  shall  remain  in  Sweden 
and  perhaps  try  to  get  something  to  do 
if  the  time  begins  to  stretch  out  too  long. 

To-day  is  rainy  and  cold  and  so  most 
of  us  are  playing  bridge,  reading,  writ- 
ing, listening  to  the  gramaphone  or 
radio,  or  both  since  both  are  going  at 
the  moment.  Guess  what  we  had  a  linle 
while  ago — the  Breakfast  Club  and 
Don  McNeil — shades  of  the  past'  It 
is  very  difficult  to  get  America  and 
usually  not  very  satisfactory.  I  have 
tried  my  hand  at  bread-making  with 
powdered  yeast  with  only  very  indif- 
ferent results;  it  was  all  eaten  up,  but 
anything  is  a  blessed  relief  after  Swedish 
hard  bread. 

Two  of  the  boys  have  been  spending 
their  spare  time  making  model  sailing 
boats,  and  two  very  fine  specimens  they 

FEBRUARY.   1942 


have  produced  too,  sails  and  all.  I  am 
doing  a  bit  of  bicycling.  Four  of  us 
did  1 7  miles  one  day  and  since  we  were 
heading  into  a  stiff  wind  on  the  way 
back,  I  was  tired.  You  should  see  the 
children  here  on  bicycles.  They  start 
carr)ing  them  around  on  handle-bars 
or  carrier  before  they  can  walk  properly 
and  they  have  the  neatest  little  metal 
seats  which  they  attach  just  behind  the 
handle-bar.  There  are  few  cars,  due 
to  fuel  shortage,  and  we  jump  like 
frightened  rabbits  when  one  does  come 
along. 

Stromsund,  Sweden 
July  25th,  1940 
Dear  M : 

Whether  this  letter  reaches  you  be- 
fore we  arrive  in  New  York  or  not  is 
problematic  since  the  latest  plans  are 
that  the  Unit  will  sail  from  Petsamo  on 
an  American  troop  transport.  However, 
the  last  four  months  have  been  full 
of  upsets  and  last-minute  changes,  that 
not  one  of  us  will  believe  it  till  we  are 
actually  on  board.  One  thing  which  may 
happen  is  further  developments  between 
Russia  and  Finland. 

I  wish  you  could  see  this  country  now. 
Wild  flowers  growing  everywhere  — 
along  the  roads  and  in  the  fields  — 
white,  mauves,  pinks,  yellows,  reds,  and 
the  fields  covered  in  long  rows  of  short 
grass  walls,  varying  in  colour  from 
new-cut  deep  green  through  all  the 
shades  of  yellows  and  browns.  The 
drying  hay  is  spread  out  along  a  series 
of  horizontal  bars  and  the  effect  is  of 
a  solid  wall.  Over  all  this,  the  most 
magnificent  sky  and  clouds.  The  sun- 
sets, which  linger  on  as  though  know- 
ing how  lovely  they  are,  seem  always 
to  he  able  to  surprise  and  delight  one 
with  their  infinite  variety. 

Every  Saturday  and  Sunday,  during 
the  summer,  there  is  dancing  in  the 
open  in  the  park  and  last  week-end  was 


120 


THE   CANADIAN  NURSE 


very  special,  for  us.  They  organized  a 
relay  swimming  race,  for  the  boys  of 
the  village  and  the  Unit,  and  our  lads 
won.  There  was  a  potato  race  for  the 
girls  and  a  tug  of  war  for  the  boys  and 
the  Unit  showed  up  very  badly.  I  was  in 
the  race  and  came  in  second  last.  In  spite 
of  losing,  however,  the  boys  were  each 
presented  with  a  wooden  souvenir  plate 
of  Stromsund  and  an  athletic  pin.  On 
Sunday  they,  had  old  native  dances  and 
two  of  us  went  over  to  watch.  We  are 


trying  to  learn  one  of  them  —  the  ham- 
bo  —  very  energetic.  There  were  flags 
flying  and,  on  this  special  occasion,  there 
was  "Old  Glory",  then  a  Swedish  flag, 
and,  then,  almost  too  much,  the  Nor- 
wegian. It  was  a  picture  I  shan't  forget. 
Another  thing  I  shall  always  remember 
is  miles  and  miles  of  wooded  country 
with  not  a  soul  in  sight  and  not  a  sound 
to  be  heard  save  the  occasional  muted 
note  of  a  cow  bell. 

{To  be  continued^ 


Victorian  Order  of  Nurses  for  Canada 


The  following  are  the  staff  appointments 
to,  transfers,  and  resignations  from  the  Vic- 
torian Order  of  Nurses  for  Canada : 

Miss  Reta  Myers  has  been  transferred 
from  the  Halifax  staff  to  take  charge  of 
the  branch  in  Digby,  replacing  Miss  Harriet 
Brydon  who  has  resigned. 

Miss  Winnifred  Neivcombe  has  been  trans- 
ferred from  the  Winnipeg  staff  to  the  Van- 
couver staff. 

Miss  Liicienn^  Audet  has  been  transferred 
from  the  Lachine  Branch  to  take  charge  of 
the  Pointe  Claire  Branch,  replacing  Miss 
Rolande  Blais  who  has  accepted  a  position 
with  the  Timmins  Board  of  Health. 

Miss  Agnes  PurccU  and  Miss  Gertrude 
Lazireitce  have  resigned  from  the  staff  of 
the  Halifax  Branch. 

Miss  Rachel  Doull  has  resigned  as  nurse- 
in-charge  of  the  Prince  Albert  Branch. 

Miss  Emily  Keogan  and  Miss  Lillian 
Levinc,  formerly  on  the  staff  of  the  Mon- 
treal Branch,  have  been  re-admitted  to  the 
Montreal  staff. 

Miss  Margaret  Mcintosh,  formerly  on  the 
staff  of  the  Glace  Bay  Branch,  has  been 
appointed  to  the  staff  of  tlie  Halifax  Branch. 

Miss  Marjorie  Baird,  recently  superinten- 
dent of  the  Margaret  Scott  Nursing  Mission, 
has  been  appointed  assistant  to  the  super- 
vising nurse  in  the  Border  Cities  Branch. 

Miss  Alma  Taylor,  a  graduate  of  the 
Hamilton  General  Hospital,  has  been  ap- 
pointed temporarily  to  the   Hamilton   staff. 


Miss  Irene  Lazvson  has  been  appointed 
nurse-in-charge  of  the  new  branch  in  St. 
Thomas,  and  is  being  replaced  as  nurse-in- 
charge  of  the  Barrie  Branch  by  Miss  Mar- 
garet McNabb  who  is  being  transferred  from 
the  East  York  staff. 

Miss  Lucille  Bonin,  a  graduate  of  St. 
.Michael's  Hospital  and  of  the  public  health 
nursing  course  at  the  University  of  Toronto, 
and  Miss  Jean  Williams,  a  graduate  of  the 
Hamilton  General  Hospital  and  of  the  pub- 
lic health  nursing  course  at  the  University 
of  Toronto,  have  been  appointed  to  the  To- 
ronto staff. 

Miss  Emilienne  Dion,  a  graduate  of  the 
Hospital  of  the  Infant  Jesus,  Quebec,  and  of 
the  public  health  nursing  course  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Montreal,  has  been  appointed  to 
the  staff  of  the  Sudbury  Branch. 

Miss  Llelen  Fnrlong,  a  graduate  of  the 
Ottawa  General  Hospital,  has  been  appointed 
temporarily  to  the  East  York  Staff. 

Miss  Constance  Leleu,  who  has  been  act- 
ing nurse-in-charge  of  the  Sackville  Branch 
for  the  past  three  months,  has  returned  to 
the  Hamilton  staff. 

Mrs.  Jcanette  Hicks  has  resigned  from  the 
staff  of  the  Montreal  Branch  to  take  up 
residence  in  Victoria. 

Miss  Bessie  Seaman,  a  graduate  of  the 
Montreal  General  Hospital  and  of  the  pub- 
lic health  nursing  courses  at  Teachers  Col- 
lege and  the  School  for  Graduate  Nurses. 
McGill  University,  has  been  appointed  to  the 
staff  of  the  Montreal  Branch. 


Vol.   38  No.  2 


STUDENT   NURSES   PAGE 


A  Hospital  Afloat 

Elsie  Schroeder    and    Rosamund   Wilson 

Student  Nurses 
School    of    Nursing,   Montreal    General    Hospital 


Not  long  ago  we  had  the  good  for- 
tune to  be  in  a  Canadian  port  at  the 
same  time  as  a  hospital  ship,  and  were 
able  to  visit  her.  We  found  it  so  in- 
teresting professionally,  that  we  thought 
the  readers  of  this  Journal  might  like 
to  know  something  of  what  we  saw. 
The  ship  had  been  a  cargo  boat,  plying 
between  English  and  American  ports, 
but  after  the  outbreak  of  war  she  was 
chartered  by  the  British  government 
and  converted  into  a  wonderfully  com- 
plete hospital.  Her  owners  are  still  res- 
ponsible for  engaging  a  crew  and  pro- 
viding food  for  everyone  on  board, 
whilst  the  military  hospital  authorities 
look  after  everybody's  health. 

The  whole  ship  is  painted  white,  and 
the  large  red  crosses  on  the  sides,  one 
aft  of  the  hatchways  and  two  on  either 
side  of  the  funnel,  stand  out  clearly  es- 
pecially when  the  floodlights  are  turned 
on  them  at  night.  The  ship  is  then  a 
lovely  sight,  for  she  is  also  outlined  by 
green  lights  all  along  the  rail  of  the  main 
deck.  In  accordance  with  the  Geneva 
Convention  of  1929,  the  enemy  govern- 
ment is  notified  of  the  movements  of 
all  hospital  ships,  and  is  given  the  route 
by  which  they  will  travel,  but  this  did 
not  prevent  three  hospital  carriers  being 
sunk  during  the  evacuation  from  Dun- 
kirk. 

FEBRUARY,  1942 


The  medical  staff  on  board  is  made 
up  of  eight  doctors,  a  dental  officer,  a 
padre  and  a  chaplain,  and  they  are  as- 
sisted by  seventy-six  men  of  various 
ranks  and  positions.  Usually  fourteen 
nursing  sisters  are  on  board  to  take 
charge  of  the  organization  and  adminis- 
tration of  the  wards,  but,  owing  to  the 
special  care  needed  by  so  many  of  the 
patients  making  this  voyage,  they  had 
been  left  in  England,  and  their  work 
was  being  done  by  men.  The  ship,  with 
its  medical,  surgical,  mental,  and  con- 
valescent wards,  has  accommodation  of 
the  most  modern  kind  for  four  hundred 
patients.  The  officers  have  single  beds, 
but  the  men's  are  of  the  double-decker 
type.  Each  one  has  a  locker  attached 
to  the  footrail,  a  sliding  bed  tray,  an 
overhead  light,  swinging  handles  to  help 
the  patient  change  his  position,  and 
curtains  to  give  him  privacy.  Every- 
where the  freshly  painted  green  walls 
and  the  white  beds  produced  a  most 
cheerful  atmosphere  in  the  largest  ward 
of  ninety  beds,  down  to  the  smallest  one 
of  only  twenty-five.  T/ie  desk  and 
blackboard  for  the  use  of  doctors  and 
nurses  are  at  the  front  of  the  ward;  the 
small  but  fully-equipped  utility  room 
is  at  the  side.  The  surgical  wards  have 
treatment  cars,  \tty  much  like  those  in 
our  hospital.  A  patient,  before  an  oper^- 

121 


122 


THE   CANADIAN  NURSE 


ation,  goes  to  a  preparation  room  on  an 
upper  deck  in  a  cot  lift. 

The  two  operating  rooms  are  fully 
equipped  for  every  emergency  and  the 
adjoining  autoclaving  room  is  complete 
in  every  detail.  The  sterile  goods  are 
kept  in  airtight  drums  and  packages.  We 
sav\',  for  the  first  time,  the  new  zinc 
oxide  plaster  which  is  being  used  exten- 
sively to  dress  wounds.  It  looks  like  a 
small  roll  of  rather  limp  adhesive  plaster, 
but  pink  in  colour.  Apparently  it  is 
much  cheaper  than  elastoplast,  and 
quite  as  satisfactory,  and  saves  using 
enormous  quantities  of  gauze  and  ab- 
sorbent. There  was  also  a  very  com- 
plete x-ray  room,  with  walls  lined  with 
lead  to  insulate  the  rays.  We  were  sorry 
not  to  be  able  to  see  the  pathological 
laboratory,  the  dental  surgery,  and  the 
small  isolation  ward  for  tubercular  pa- 
tients; nor  did  we  see  the  laundry,  linen 
rooms  or  kitchens,  but  we  are  sure  their 
equipment  must  be  as  up-to-date  as  the 
rest.  Adjoining  each  convalescent  ward 


is  a  lounge  with  comfortable  chairs,  a 
radio,  and  well-filled  book  cases.  There 
is  also  a  recreation  room  with  games  of 
all  kinds.  Concerts  or  an  occasional 
boxing  contest  provide  extra  entertain- 
ment for  those  well  enough  to  go  down 
to  the  hold. 

The  nurses  on  this  ship  have  the 
usual  hospital  hours  of  work  and  every- 
thing possible  has  been  provided  to  make 
them  comfortable  when  off  duty.  Their 
two  sitting-rooms  are  beautifully  fur- 
nished, with  heavy  rugs  on  the  floor, 
chesterfields  and  chairs,  a  radio  in  one 
corner  and  a  piano  in  the  other.  They 
use  the  same  recreation  room  as  the 
medical  staff,  which  gives  them  plenty 
of  opportunities  for  dancing,  and  for 
good  games  of  badminton. 

To  the  colonel  and  the  quarter-mas- 
ter sergeant  we  tender  our  grateful 
thanks  for  making  it  possible  for  us  to 
see  so  much  of  such  great  educational 
value.  We  wish  them  bon  voyage  when- 
ever they  put  to  sea. 


Obituaries 


Emily  Helen  Crossley  died  re- 
cently in  Montreal  after  a  long  illness. 
Miss  Crossley  was  a  graduate  of  the 
School  of  Nursing  of  the  Western  Hos- 
pital, Montreal,  and  a  member  of  the 
Class  of  1913.  After  serving  as  a  Nurs- 
ing Sister  with  No.  1  Canadian  General 
Hospital  during  the  first  Great  War  she 
was  appointed  to  the  X-ray  department 
of  the  hospital  at  Winchester,  Mass. 

Gertrude  Honey  died  recently  in 
Toronto.  Miss  Honey  was  a  graduate 
of  the  Mack  Training  School  for  Nurses 
of  the  General  Hospital,  St.  Catharines, 
Ontario,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Class  of  1922.  For  some  years,  she  was 
engaged  in  institutional  work  in  the 
United  States. 


Mrs.  Mary  Rutherford  Ironside 
(nee  Russell)  died  in  Moose  Jaw,  Sas- 
katchewan, on  December  2,  1941.  She 
was  a  graduate  of  the  School  of  Nursing 
of  the  Hospital  for  Sick  Children,  To- 
ronto, and  a  member  of  the  Class  of 
1906.  Prior  to  her  marriage,  she  prac- 
tised as  a  private  duty  nurse  in  Owen 
Sound,  Ontario,  and  later  in  Moose 
Jaw. 


GwYNETH  Moore,  a  graduate  of 
the  Mack  Training  School  for  Nurses 
of  the  General  Hospital,  St.  Catharines, 
Ontario,  and  a  member  of  the  Class 
of  1936,  died  recently  after  a  short  ill- 
ness. 


Vol.  38  No.  2 


Correspondence 


Yoar  Name,  Please 
The  Journal  has  received  an  amusing  and 
penetrating  comment  on  the  importance  of 
certain  details  of  nursing  care  which  we 
should  be  very  glad  to  publish  if  it  were 
not  anonymous.  If  "A  Registered  Nurse" 
will  let  the  editor  have  her  name  and  ad- 
dress, these  will  be  kept  in  confidence  and 
a  pseudonym  may  be  used.  But  we  must 
have  the  name,  please.  This  is  a  rule  to 
which  there  can  be  no  exceptions. 


A  Word  for  the  Small  School 

Commenting  on  Beatrice  Andrews'  article 
in  the  November  Jcunial  I  feel  urged  to 
help  hold  up  her  hands  in  a  good  cause.  If 
the  large  hospitals  can't  manage  without 
nurses-in-training  how  are  the  smaller  in- 
stitutions to  do  so  when  their  finances  are 
in  no  better  circumstances?  Would  it  not 
be  possible  to  enlarge  on  the  affiliation  idea 
and  could  not  the  nurses  from  larger  and 
more  advanced  places  serve  their  profession 
well  by  spending  a  small  amount  of  time 
in  the  smaller  hospitals?  But  first  it  would 
be  wise  for  them  to  realize  how  it  hurts  and 
fosters  dislike  amongst  nurses  from  or  in 
small   hospitals   to   be  treated   with   a   con- 


descending attitude.  Not  having  as  much  to 
work  with,  nurses  ^rom  small  hospitals 
often  prove  much  more  resourceful  than 
those  from  larger  places,  and  seem  more 
ready  to  accept  hardships  and  to  go  out  into 
the  country  where  they  are  needed 

Having  spent  considerable  time  as  a  pa- 
tient, I  have  had  a  fair  chance  to  see  both 
sides  and  I've  seen  graduates  from  large 
hospitals  do  things  I  venture  to  say  few 
pupils  from  small  hospitals  would  do.  So 
why  consider  them  so  much  better  trained 
if  they  had  not  learned  to  put  into  practice 
what  they  had  been  taught?  True  enough, 
nurses  in  larger  institutions  have  many  op- 
portunities not  enjoyed  by  those  in  smaller 
hospitals.  But  it  seems  to  me  you  have  more 
real  contact  with  the  patient  in  a  small  hos- 
pital and  you  can  follow  a  patient  right 
through  from  admission,  operating  room, 
aftercare  and  discharge  in  a  way  that  you 
can  not  in  a  larger  place.  The  argument  is 
plain.  Don't  close  the  small  training  schools. 
Improve  them.  There  is  much  of  real  value 
in  them  and  they  serve  their  purpose  Nurses 
with  more  advanced  training  could  receive 
a  more  advanced  examination  and  be  given 
a  degree  of  distinction. 

— R.  Dorothy  J.  Hatherley 


O.N.S.A.  News  Letter 


Early  last  December  a  second  contribu- 
tion was  forwarded  to  the  secretary  of  the 
Royal  College  of  Nursing  in  London,  to  be 
used  for  the  relief  of  civilian  nurses  who 
have  suffered  from  enemy  air-raids.  This 
sum  of  £200  brings  our  total  1941  contri- 
butions to  £600.  Our  Christmas  News- 
Letter  to  all  member  units  contained  all  the 
latest  news.  In  its  company  were  copies  of 
the  plan  submitted  by  Miss  Edna  Moore, 
chairman  of  the  committee  on  revision  of 
the  constitution  and  by-laws  of  our  Asso- 
ciatiorL  Member  Units  have  been  requested 
to  give  the  proposed  amendments  careful 
consideration   and   to   instruct   their   official 


delegates  regarding  their  treatment  of  the 
plan  when  it  is  presented  during  our  next 
biennial  meeting  to  be  held  in  June,  1942. 

We  are  pleased  to  report  that  the  record 
of  nursing  services  in  the  Great  War  1914- 
1918  which  will  be  included  in  the  history 
of  nursing  in  Canada  is  being  prepared  for 
the  Canadian  Nurses  Association  by  our 
president,  Miss  Fanny  Munroe,  and  the  se- 
cretary-treasurer of  the  O.N.S.A. 

The  Edmonton  Unit  records  an  excep- 
tionally busy  year.  Its  president  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  executive  committee  of  the  War 
Services  Club  and  the  Unit  maintains  re- 
presentation on  the  co-ordination  War  Coun- 


FBBRUARY,  1942 


123 


124 


THE   CANADIAN    NURSE 


cil  and  the  new  "Wings"  Club.  Ditty  bags, 
for  the  Merchant;  Madne,  have,  been;  filled 
and  a  contribution  of  $25-!  made.  Parcels 
have  been  sent  to  soldiers,  and  nurses  serv-  ■ 
ing  overseas,  and  hospital,  comforts  and 
games  were  donated  to  the  Manning  Pool 
Depot.  The  sum  of  $800  was  forwarded  to 
the  Executive  of  the  National  Association 
for    disposal    among    the    civilian    nurses    in 


Britain  who  have  suffered  in  air-raids,  and 
every  member  continues  to  subscribe  month- 
ly. Miss  Olive  Wotherston  is  again  on  ac- 
tive service  in  England.  The  Unit  regrets 
to  record  the  loss  by  death  of  Mrs.  R. 
McKee. 

E.  Frances  Upton, 
Secretary -treasurer. 


A.R.N.P.Q.  News 


The  Board  of  Management  of  the, 'Asso- 
ciation of  Registered  Nurse?  of  the  Province 
of  Quebec  is  planning  to  hold  a  general 
meeting  of  the  Association  in  Quebec  City 
during  the  month  of  February,  detailed  an- 
nouncements of  which  will  be  in  the  hands 
of  the  members  before  this  notice  appears 
in  the  Journal.  February  20  has  been  re- 
served for  this  meeting,  which  will  cover 
tw'o  sessions — a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Management  during  the  afternoon  in  the 
Chateau  Frontenac  and  a  general  bi-lingual 
session  to  be  held  in  the  evening  in  the  class- 
room of  the  School  of  Nursing  of  I'Hopital 
de  I'Enf ant-Jesus,  395  rue  de  la  Canardiere. 


The  Board  trusts  that  as  many  members  as 
possible  will  plan  to  attend  this  meeting. 

Tentative  arrangements  have  also  been 
made  for  the  twenty-second  annual  meeting 
of  our  Association  which  will  be  held  in  the 
Windsor  Hotel,  Montreal,  on  Friday,  May 
15.  Because  of  the  fact  that  the  Biermial 
Meeting  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association 
will  be  held  in  Montreal  in  June  of  this 
year,  and  because  of  the  strenuous  times  in 
which  we  are  living,  it  has  been  deemed 
advi.sable  to  simplify  our  plans  for  our  an- 
nual meeting  this  year,  hence  the  decision 
that  it  should  cover  one  day  only.  Further 
details    will    appear    in    the    March   issue. 


Ontario  Public  Health  Nursing  Service 


Miss  Ouccnic  Donaldson  (Ottawa  Civic 
Hospital  and  University  of  Toronto  public 
health  inirsing  course)  has  resigned  her 
position  with  the  Fort  William  Board  of 
Education  to  accept  a  post  with  the  Winni- 
peg Department  of  Health. 

Mrs.  Eric  Webb  (Clarabelle  Nicholson) 
has  left  the  Board  of  Health  of  St.  Mary's. 
She  has  been  succeeded  by  Miss  Mary 
Yonnge  (Royal  Victoria  Hospital,  Montreal, 
and    University   of    Western    Ontario   public 


health  nursing  course). 

Miss  Rolandc  Blais  (Ottawa  General  Hos- 
pital and  University  of  Toronto  public 
health  nursing  course)  has  accepted  a  posi- 
tion with  the  Timmins  Board  of  Health. 
Miss  Blais  succeeds  Miss  Jeanne  Manthe 
who  resigned  recently. 

Miss  Winnifred  Ashplant  has  been  ap- 
pointed to  the  nursing  staff  of  the  London 
Board  of  Education  where  she  will  develop 
a   si)ecial   program  in  the  secondary  schools. 


M.L.i.C  Nursing  Service 


Miss  II' ilia  .Ihcrn  (Ottawa  General  Hos- 
pital. 1935,  and  public  health  nursing  course, 
McGill  School  for  Graduate  Nurses,  1936) 
has  Ixen  transferred  from  Niagara  Falls, 
Ontario,  to  the  Mount  Royal  Nursing  Staff, 


Montreal. 

Miss  Clarissa  Cliivers-lVilson  (Port  Ar- 
thur General  Hospital,  1920)  has  been  trans- 
ferred from  St.  Thomas,  Ontario,  to  Nia- 
gara Falls,   replacing   Miss  Willa   Ahern. 


Vol.   J8  No.  2 


NEWS    NOTES 


ALBERTA 

Lethbridge: 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  Lethbridge  Dis- 
trict No.  8,  A.A.R.A.,  Mr.  G.  A.  Young 
was  the  guest  speaker,  and  his  subject  was 
income  tax  and  national  defence  tax  for 
imrses.  At  the  December  meeting  Sister 
Beatrice  gave  an  account  of  the  meeting  she 
had  attended  in  Edmonton. 

Miss  P.  Clarke,  Miss  D.  Shaw,  and  Miss 
G.  Dacre.  formerly  on  the  staff  of  the  Gait 
Hospital,  have  left  to  practise  their  pro- 
fession in  British  Columbia. 


BRITISH    COLUMBIA 

Chilliwack: 

The  Chilliwack  Chapter  of  the  R.N.A.B.C. 
was  formed  in  April,  1941,  when  officers 
and  committee  were  appointed  for  the  en- 
suing year.  Meetings  are  held  every  Tues- 
day of  each  month  at  the  Chilliwack  Gen- 
eral Hospital.  At  the  present  time  there  art 
twenty-one  members  and  associate  members 
and  these  are  getting  in  touch  with  all  nurses 
in  their  territory  in  the  hopes  of  increasing 
the  enrolment.  The  Chapter  was  formed  with 
the  object  of  meeting  a  need,  especially 
among  the  older  graduates,  for  education 
along  medical  lines,  thereby  endeavouring 
to  keep  abreast  with  the  constant  advance 
in  that  field.  The  hope  is  also  expressed 
that  by  their  coordinated  effort  they  might 
be  a  force  in  promoting  the  general  well- 
being  of  nursing  in  general.  Programs  of 
an  instructive  nature  have  been  featured  at 
each  meeting  following  the  usual  business. 
The  local  doctors  have  co-operated  giving 
talks  on  the  following  topics :  anterior  polio- 
myelitis ;  the  founding  and  development  of 
the  St.  John  Ambulance  Association,  and 
a  moving  picture  of  a  cholecystectomy  with 
an  explanatory  commentary.  Another  in- 
teresting feature  was  the  showing  of  color- 
ful  garden  scenes. 

The  Chapter  is  contributing  toward  the 
fund  for  the  relief  of  civilian  nurses  in 
England.  .At  each  meeting  one  member 
donates  an  article  (the  first  was  an  angel 
cake),  tickets  are  sold,  and  the  article  is 
drawn  for. 

The  December  meeting  was  a  social  event, 
each  one  bringing  a  wrapped  and  labelled 
gift  for  the  Community  Chest. 

rBBRUARY,  1942 


The  following  is  a  list  of  the  officers: 
Honorary  President,'  \liss  L.  Hodgkins; 
president.  Miss  C.  Tait ;  vice-president,  Mrs. 
blanche  Parr;  secretary,  Mrs.  E.  Roberts; 
treasurer,  Mrs.  C.  Webb;  conveners  for 
standing  committees :  public  health,  Miss  M. 
Black ;  hospital.  Miss  R.  Owen ;  general 
duty,  Aliss  E.  Scott;  membership,  Miss  J. 
Barker ;  program.  Miss  K.  Cowley,  Miss 
M.  Ward;  visitmg,  Mrs.  G.  Challenger; 
refreshments,  Mrs.  L.  Cusack,  Miss  M. 
(Jumlan ;  press,  Mrs.  \\ .  Stevenson;  tinance 
Miss  E.   Moody. 


Nelson: 

The  Nelson  Chapter  of  the  R.N.A.B.C. 
holds  its  regular  meeting  on  the  first  Tues- 
day of  each  month.  The  library  report 
showed  that  twenty-five  books  had  been 
added  to  the  library  during  the  year.  Miss 
\'.  B.  Eidt,  honorary  president,  gave  a  re- 
port of  the  special  meeting  of  the  R.N.A.- 
B.C. held  in  \^ancouver  when  the  proposed 
revision  of  the  Act  was  submitted  to  the 
members.  At  the  November  meeting  means 
of  increasing  the  interest  of  associate  mem- 
bers was  discussed.  Miss  E.  Mallory's  re- 
port of  the  joint  meeting  of  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association  e.xecutive  and  representa- 
tives of  the  University  Schools  of  Nursing 
in  Canada  was  discussed  by  Miss  Eidt. 

The  first  Nelson  nurse  to  go  overseas 
with  the  Canadian  Red  Cross  Society  is 
Miss  Elizabeth  Stewart,  Miss  Stewart  grad- 
uated in  1938  from  St.  Eugene  Hospital  in 
Cranbrook.  Following  her  graduation  Miss 
Stewart  took  up  duties  under  the  Red  Cross 
Society  at  St.  Joseph's  Hospital  at  Dawson, 
Y.  T.,  and  remained  there  until  she  assumed 
her  duties  at  Kootenay  Lake  General  Hos- 
pital, Nelson.  Miss  Muriel  Ahier  and  Miss 
Elsie  Mae  Smith  were  recently  called  for 
war  work  in  Africa  and  Miss  Eileen  Abey 
to  Shaughnessy  Military  Hospital,  Van- 
couver. 


MANITOBA 

Brandon : 

The  Brandon  Graduate  Nurses  Associa- 
tion recently  met  with  a  good  attendance. 
The  President,  Mrs.  S.  Perdue,  was  in  the 
chair.  Fifty-eight  dollars  was  donated  to  the 
British  Nurses  Relief  Fund,  along  with  a 
generous  response  to  the  stocking  shower, 
and  clothing  for  the  Red  Cross.  Ten  dollars 

12S 


126 


THE  CANADIAN  NURSE 


was  voted  for  the  Citizens  Welfare  Milk 
Fund. 

Miss  M.  Gemmell,  convener  of  the  down- 
town section,  announced  that  they  are  spon- 
soring a  dance  in  aid  of  the  British  nurses. 
Group  one,  of  the  refresher  course,  gave 
a  practical  demonstration  of  first  aid  to 
fractures.  Keen  interest  was  shown  in  a 
demonstration  of  a  round  table  discussion 
on  current  nursing  topics  by  the  Mental 
Hospital  group.  Miss  C.  N.  Jackson  intro- 
duced the  topic,  while  Miss  K.  Wilkes  acted 
as  group  chairman,  and  Miss  M.  Yacentuk 
as  group  secretary.  A  social  hour  followed. 

The  following  marriages  of  Brandon  Gen- 
eral Hospital  graduates  have  recently  taken 
place:  Edith  McBurney  (1937)  to  Earl 
Leeson;  Lila  Mann  (1938)  to  Sgt.  Instruc- 
tor Lester  Groves;  Velma  Rae  (1938)  to 
Charlie  Ledingham. 


Winnipeg: 

Winnipeg  General  Hosfital: 

Miss  R.  Tubman  (1941),  Miss  D.  Taylor 
(1941),  and  Miss  I.  Cooper  (1941)  have  re- 
cently been  appointed  to  the  staff  of  the 
W.G.H.  Miss  Gertrude  Callen  (1941) 
has  commenced  her  duties  as  surgical 
supervisor  at  the  W.G.H.  Miss  Elizabeth 
Hodge  (1941),  Miss  Gwendaline  Lewis 
(1941),  and  Miss  Charlotte  Breekman 
(1941)  have  been  appointed  to  the  Mani- 
toba Public  Health  Service.  Miss  Eli- 
zabeth Spence  (1941)  has  accepted  a  posi- 
tion at  the  Lying-In-Hospital,  New  York. 
Miss  Marjorie  Badger  (1940)  has  accepted 
a  position  at  the  Defence  Industries  Ltd., 
Transcona,  Manitoba.  Mrs.  Arthur  Unruh 
(Elizabeth  Regehr,  1930)  has  been  appointed 
permanent  technician  of  the  Winnipeg  Blood 
Donors  Clinic. 

The  following  marriages  of  Winnipeg 
General  Hospital  graduates  have  recently 
taken  place:  Marguerite  McKay  (1934)  to 
S.  G.  Horner;  Elizabeth  Herner  (1941)  to 
Cpl.  A.  Morris;  Myrtle  Smith  (1937)  to  Mr. 
Beardsley;  Lorna  Halpenny  (1937),  for- 
merly superintendent  of  Yorkton  Queen 
Victoria  Hospital,  to  Mr.  Logan. 


superintendent.  Dr.  Collins,  on  behalf  of 
the  staff,  presented  her  with  a  firescreen. 
Cape  Cod  lighter,  and   fire-set 

Word  has  been  received  that  the  nursing 
sisters  who  volunteered  for  service  in  South 
Africa  have  arrived   safely. 

The  following  marriages  of  Saint  John 
General  Hospital  graduates  have  recently 
taken  place:  Regina  Reid  (1933)  to  Fre- 
derick W.  N.  Rafferty;  Lillian  Finley 
(1927)  to  George  McDonald;  Vivian  Ar- 
mour (1931)  to  George  McCauley;  Pearl 
Swetsky  (1937)  to  Joseph  Steinberg;  Eileen 
Nelson  (1940)  to  Sgt.  William  Roche, 
R.C.A.F. 


St.  Stephen: 

Miss  Doris  Gale,  a  graduate  of  the  School 
of  Nursing  of  the  Chipman  Memorial  Hos- 
pital, had  the  honour  of  being  selected  to 
give  imrsing  care  to  Mrs.  Sarah  Delano 
Roosevelt,  mother  of  the  President  of  the 
United  States,  during  the  illness  which 
preceded  her  death.  When,  recently.  Miss 
Gale  herself  became  ill,  she  received  an  ex- 
tremely kind  letter  from  the  President  con- 
veying his  best  wishes  for  her  speedy  re- 
covery. 


NOVA  SCOTIA 


Halifax  : 

The  Christmas  meeting  of  the  Halifa.x 
Branch  of  the  R.N.A.N.S.  took  place  re- 
cently at  the  Victoria  General  Hospital. 
Greetings  were  extended  by  the  president. 
Miss  Jane  Hubley  and  a  delightful  address 
was  given  by  Miss  Gerd  Gaustad,  staff  nurse, 
Norwegian  Public  Health  Service.  Miss 
Gaustad  is  a  graduate  of  the  Municipal 
Hospital  in  Oslo,  Norway,  and  took  post- 
graduate work  in  Chicago  and  in  Wisconsin. 
-She  told  us  about  her  hospital  and  some- 
thing about  her  country  and  their  Christ- 
mas customs.  Carols  were  sung  beautifully 
by  the  student  nurses  of  the  Children's  Hos- 
pital, dressed  in  costume  and  carrying 
candles,  while  lights  were  dimmed  for  their 
singing. 


NEW  BRUNSWICK 

Saint  John: 

The  staff  of  the  Tuberculosis  Hospital, 
East  Saint  John,  entertained  recently  at  a 
coffee  party  in  honour  of  the  assistant  su- 
perintendent of  nurses,  Miss  Regina  Reid, 
who  is  leaving  to  be  married.  The  hospital 


WOLFVILLE : 

The  December  meeting  of  the  Valley 
Branch,  R.N.A.N.S.,  was  held  at  the  Eastern 
Kings  Memorial  Hospital.  Following  the 
business  meeting  two  articles  were  read  on 
the  new  drugs.  Refreshments  were  served 
by  the  superintendent.  Miss  Bankston,  and 
her   staff. 

Vol.  38  No.  2 


NEWS    NOTES 


127 


New  Glasgow: 
Aberdeen  Hosfkal: 

Miss  Jean  Saunders  (A.H.,  1941)  has 
accepted  a  position  on  the  staff  of  the  Daw- 
son Memorial  Hospital,  Bridgewater.  Miss 
Anna  MacDonald  (A.H.,  1941)  has  accepted 
a  position  on  the  staff  of  the  Blanchard 
Fraser    Memorial    Hospital,    Kentville. 

Married:  Recently,  Miss  Daisy  Watts 
(A.H.,   1937)   to  Mr.  Lyman  Beecher. 


ONTARIO 
District  4 


Hamilton  : 

Of  interest  to  Hamilton  nurses  is  the  or- 
ganization of  the  industrial  nurses  group 
with  Mrs.  Hilda  Roy  as  president,  and  Miss 
Margaret  Watt  as  secretary.  At  the  first 
meeting  the  speakers  were  nurses  who  have 
recently  attended  a  refresher  course  in  To- 
ronto. 

The  following  marriages  have  recently 
taken  place:  Ella  Ross  to  LAC  J.  A.  Ful- 
kerson ;  Margaret  Werner  to  Walter  Olt- 
sher ;  Elinor  Varey  to  Sub-Lieut.  Gilbertson. 


St.  Catharines: 

The  members  of  the  Alumnae  Association 
of  the  Mack  Training  School  will  be  in- 
terested in  hearing  of  the  following  mar- 
riages: Charlotte  Foster  (1939)  to  L.  A.  C. 
John  Sandham;  Freda  Falkingham  (1934) 
to  Roy  Brooks;  Marie  Hughes  (1939)  to 
William  R.  Nicol ;  Jean  Sutherland  (1940) 
to  Albert  Dayman;  Lela  Albertson  (1940) 
to  A.  Honsberger. 


District  5 
Orillia: 

A  meeting  of  Chapter  2,  District  5,  R.X.- 
A.O.,  was  held  recently  at  the  Ontario 
Hospital.  Members  from  Barrie,  Colling- 
wood,  and  Midland  were  in  attendance.  Dr. 
S.  J.  Home  spoke  in  a  most  interesting 
manner  on  the  modern  trend  in  the  field  of 
psychiatry.  A  social  hour  was  enjoyed  with 
piano  selections  by  Miss  Cunningham  of 
Orillia. 


Toronto  Department  of  Health, 
Division  of  Public  Health  Nursing: 

The  Nursing  Division  recently  held  a  tea 
and   raffle   at   the   Isolation    Hospital.    The 

FEBRUARY,  1942 


DEODORANT 


Safely 

stops  perspiration 

1  to  3  days 

Non-Greasy  .  .  .  Stainless  .  .  .  Takes  odor 

from   perspiration 
Use   before   or  after  shaving 
Non-irritating   .   .   .   won't   harm   dresses 
No   waiting  to   dry   .   .   .   vanishes  quickly 
GUARANTEE — Money  refunded  if  you 
don't  agree  that  this  new  cream  is  the 
best  deodorant  you've  ever  tried!  The 
Odorono  Co.,  Ltd.,  980  St.  Antoine 
Street,  Montreal,  P.Q. 


1   Full  Oz.39  f^T-Not  Jutt  A  Half  Oz. 


128 


THE   C  A  N  .\  D  I  A  N    N  U  R  S  E 


McGILL 
UNIVERSITY 

School   for  Graduate  Nurses 

The     following     one-year     certificate 

courses      are     offered     to     graduate 

nurses : 

TEACHING   AND 

SUPERVISION    IN    SCHOOLS 

OF    NURSING 

PUBLIC    HEALTH    NURSING 

ADMINISTRATION   IN 

HOSPITALS    AND    SCHOOLS 

OF    NURSING 

ADMINISTRATION  AND 

SUPERVISION 

IN  PUBLIC  HEALTH 

NURSING 

For  information  apply  to: 

School    for    Graduate    Nurses 
McGill    University,   Montreal. 


ROYAL    VICTORIA    HOSPITAL 

Mon'real 

SCHOOL  OF  NURSING 

Courses    for   Graduate    Nurses 

1.  A  four-months  course  in  operat- 
ing room  technique  and  management 
is  offered  to  a  limited  number  of 
registered  nurses  who  have  already 
had  operating  room  experience.  Main- 
tenance is  provided.  For  further  in- 
formation apply  to  Miss  Fanny 
Munroe,  R.N.,  Superintendent  of 
Nurses,  Royal  Victoria  Hospital, 
Montreal. 

2.  The  following  post  graduate 
courses  in  obstetrical  nursing  and  in 
gynaecological  nursing  are  offered: 
Course  A  —  a  three-months  course 
in  obstetrical  nursing ;  Course  B  — 
a  two-m.onths  course  in  gynaecolog- 
ical nursing.  Applicant's  may  enroll 
for  either  or  both  courses.  Main- 
tenance and  an  allowance  are  pro- 
vided. For  further  information  apply 
to  Miss  C.  V.  Barrett,  R.N.,  Super- 
visor, Women's  Pavilion,  Royal  Vic- 
toria   Hospital,    Montreal. 

A   certificate  is  granted  on   the  suc- 
cessful   completion     of    any     of    the 
above  courses. 


sum  of  $300  was  realized  and  has  been 
given  to  the  British  Nurses  Relief  Fund. 
Dr.  Elizabeth  Chant  Robertson's  lectures 
im  nutrition  arc  still  in  demand.  Many 
school  teachers  have  requested  copies  and 
it  is  hoped  to  add  more  money  to  the  Fund. 

Photographs  were  taken  of  the  different 
phases  of  our  work,  slides  and  a  covering 
lecture  prepared.  These  have  proven  of  value 
in  publicizing  our  work.  There  have  been 
many  requests  from  home  and  school  groups 
and   other  social   organizations. 

Miss  Mary  Haslam  (University  of  To- 
ronto, 1936)  left  this  Department  to  be 
married.  She  is  now  Mrs.  Robert  \\'estwood 
and  we  are  pleased  she  is  residing  in  Toronto. 
.Miss  Mdith  B.  Henderson  (School  of  Nurs- 
ir.g.  1941  )   has  been  appointed  to  the  staff. 


J'oRONTo; 

Toronto    Westerfi  Hospital: 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  Toronto  Wes- 
tern Hospital  .\lumnae  Association  was  held 
recently  when  the  following  officers  were 
elected :  Honourary  presidents,  Miss  B.  L. 
Ellis.  Mrs.  C.  J.  Currie;  president,  Mrs. 
Douglas  Chant ;  vice-president.  Miss  Mae 
Palk ;  corresponding  secretary,  Miss  Isabel 
Kee ;  recording  secretary,  Mrs.  Fooks ; 
treasurer.  Miss  Benita  Post ;  representative 
to  Tlic  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Elizabeth 
Westren.  .\  very  successful  year  was  re- 
ported by  all  committees  and  a  resume  of 
the  year's  programs  indicated  how  interest- 
ing our  meetings  were.  Suggestions  of  plans 
for  future  meetings  point  to  the  fact  that 
every  member,  if  she  attends,  will  find 
something  to  interest  her.  The  total  receipts 
for  the  year  were  $1279.27  and  total  expen- 
ditures were  $963.93.  A  total  of  $225  was 
paid  into  the  Hospital  Building  Fund. 

Mr.  Victor  R.  Perry,  of  the  Postmaster 
General's  Department,  showed  a  coloured 
film  on  "The  Soldier's  Mail"  and  gave  us 
some  enlightening  advice  on  how  to  address 
overseas  mail.  A  social  hour  followed. 


Hospital  for  Sick  Children: 

The  annual  Christmas  party  of  the  Hos- 
pital for  Sick  Children's  Alumnae  Asso- 
ciation was  held  recently.  Thirty  dollars 
in  donations  was  received  as  well  as  cloth- 
ing, toys,  and  canned  goods.  A  further  sum 
was  voted  from  the  treasury  to  cover  ex- 
penses incurred.  A  committee  of  five  was 
appointed  to  make  the  necessary  purchases 
and  pack  and  deliver  the  baskets. 

A  tribute  was  paid  to  the  late  Miss  Flo- 
rence Potts,  a  minute  of  silence  being  ob- 
served in  her  memory. 

Vol.   38  No.  2 


NEWS    NOTES 


129 


A  nominating  committee  was  appointed 
to  bring  in  the  slate  of  officers  at  the  an- 
nual  meeting.  A  social  hour   followed. 


Welle sley   Hosf'ital: 

A  well  attended  meeting  of  the  Wellesley 
Hospital  Alumnae  Association  took  the  form 
of  a  Christmas  party.  The  nurses  residence 
was  decorated  with  flags  and  crests  and  a 
lighted  tree.  The  president.  Miss  Grace  Bol- 
ton, reported  that  65  ditty  bags,  containing 
personal  articles,  have  been  sent  to  the  Ma- 
tron of  Guy's  Hospital,  London,  for  dis- 
tribution among  British  civilian  nurses  who 
have  lost  their  possessions  during  air  raids. 
Miss  Jean  Harris  reported  that  a  number 
of  articles  had  been  sent  to  the  Red  Cross, 
and  Miss  Bolton  reported  that  62  knitted 
articles  had  been  sent  to  British  and  Cana- 
dian sailors.  Letters  of  appreciation  were 
read,  and  a  shower  for  sailors  was  held. 
A  letter  on  war  work  was  read  from  the 
Hamilton  branch  of  Wellesley  graduates.  Six 
Wellesley-crested  coffee  spoons  were  pre- 
sented to  Miss  Mary  Stanton  in  apprecia- 
tion of  her  services  in  packmg  overseas 
boxes.  Dr.  D.  Jordan  and  Mr.  Williamson 
showed  coloured  movies  of  Wellesley  grad- 
uation exercises,  and  beauty  spots  in  Ontario 
^nd  Onebcc.  Dr.  H.  W.  Johnston  distributed 
gifts,  and  refreshmc-iis  were  served. 


District  6 
Belleville: 

The  annual  meeting  of  District  6,  R.N.- 
A.O.,  was  held  recently  in  the  Belleville 
General  Hospital.  A  large  representation 
from  all  parts  of  the  district  attended  the 
afternoon  business  session.  Following  this 
the  guests  were  conducted  on  an  official 
tour  of  the  hospital  by  acting  administrator, 
Gordon  Barclay,  and  the  director  of  nursing. 
Miss  Ruth  Thompson.  The  many  depart- 
ments of  the  institution  were  shown  to  the 
members,  with  special  interest  being  evi- 
denced in  the  central  supply  room.  A  demons- 
tration of  fever  therapy  was  given  by  Miss 
M.  Mcintosh.  Supper  was  served  to  the 
members   and   their   guests. 

The  evening  session  opened  with  Dr. 
George  H.  Stobie,  noted  surgeon  of  Belle- 
ville, as  the  guest  speaker.  He  drew  a 
comparative  verbal  picture  of  the  wounds 
of  the  last  Great  War  and  those  of  the 
present  one,  illustrating  his  address  with  a 
series  of  motion  picture  films.  The  last 
war  was  productive  of  a  great  many  gun- 
shot and  bullet  wounds,  while  thus  far  this 
war  has  caused  a  heavy  list  of  casualties 
through  blast  and  bomb  injuries.  He  brought 
out    in    detail    the   tremendous    strides   being 

FEBRUARY*  1942 


COLD'S  INITIAL 
MEDICATION 

It  is  generally  agreed  that  at  the  first  signal 
of  a  cold  medication  should  include  a  gentle 
laxative  —  and  a  reliable,  effective  antacid. 

PHILLIPS'  MILK  OF  MAGNESIA 

Administered  in  laxative  dosage  —  (4  to  8 
teaspoonfuls)  Phillips'  Milk  of  Magnesia 
has  a  thorough  action  without  irritation  and 
at  the  same  time  exerts  its  prolonged  ant- 
acid effect  in  both  stomach  and  intestine. 

For  60  years  —  one  of  the  most  widely  used 
laxative-antacids. 

Dosage : 

As  an  antacid :  2  to  4  teaspoonfuls 

As  a  gentle  laxative:  4  to  8  teaspoonfuls 

We     tt'ill     send     vou     a     professional    package     upon 
request. 

PHILLIPS' 

Milk  of  Magnesia 

Prepared  only  by 


THE  CHAS.  H.  PHILLIPS  CHEMICAL  CO. 

Windsor,  Ontario 


30 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


HUMAN   ANATOMY  AND 
PHYSIOLOGY 

By  Nellie  D.  Millard,  R.N.,  M.A.,  and 
Barry  G.  King,  Ph.D.  525  pages,  285  spe- 
cially selected  illustrations.  Cloth,  $3.50. 
Just  issued. 

What  two  Canadian  Teachers  say  of  this 
book  :  "I  think  it  is  one  of  the  nicest  texts 
on  this  subject  I  have  yet  seen,  and  the 
drawings  should  prove  most  helpful,  both 
in  teaching  and  for  the  students'  learn- 
ing." 

"Frankly,  I  do  not  think  I  have  used  a 
textbook  of  Anatomy  and  Physiology  that 
is  as  concise  and  withal  as  complete  as 
Millard   and   King's." 

McAinsh  &  Co.  Limited 

Dealers    in    Good    Books    Since    1885 
388    Yonge   St.  Toronto 


DOCTORS'  and  NURSES' 
DIRECTORY 

212  Balmoral  St.,  Winnipeg 

A  Directory  for: 

Doctors,  and  Registered  Nurses 

Victorian  Order  of  Nurses 

(night  calls.  Sundays,  and  holidays 

ONLY) 

Practical  Nurses 

Twenty-four  hour  service. 

P.  Browtnhll,  Rbo.    N.,    Kboistbab 


CHILDREN'S 
MEMORIAL  HOSPITAL 

Montreal,    Canada 

POST-GRADUATE   COURSE 
IN   PAEDIATRIC  NURSING 

a  six-months  course  is  offered  to  Gradu- 
ate Nurses  which  includes  theoretical  in- 
struction, organized  clinical  teaching  and 
experience   in   the  following   services : 

MEDICAL, 

SURGICAL, 

ORTHOPAEDIC, 

INFANT, 

OUT-PATIENT. 

A  special  study   of  the   Normal 
and  Convalescent  Child. 

A     certificate    will     be    granted    upon    the 
•ucceasful    completion    of    the   course. 
ClaMee  admitted  in  the  Spring  and  Fall. 
Full    maintenance    will    be     provided.     No 
extra   remuneration. 

For    further    particulars    applr    to: 

Director  of  Nursing 
Children's   Memorial    Hospital 
MontrcaL 


made  by  medicine  and  surgery,  adding  that 
the  result  of  the  present  war,  insofar  as 
wounds  and  injuries  are  concerned,  is  a 
direct  challenge  to  the  nurses  and  doctors 
of  the  democracies.  Dr.  Stobie  was  intro- 
duced by  Miss  B.  Beaumont  of  the  Belle- 
ville Chapter,  with  the  district  association's 
appreciation  being  voiced  by  Miss  M.  Gist. 
Vocal  selections  by  Miss  Marion  Dudley, 
a  student  nurse,  evoked  the  hearty  appre- 
ciation of  the  members  and  guests.  Tea 
was  served  by  the  members  of  Chapter  A. 

Cobourg: 

The  first  meeting  of  the  fall  season  of 
Chapter  B,  District  6,  R.N.A.O.,  was  held 
at  the  Ontario  Hospital.  Miss  Helen  Mit- 
chell was  elected  chairman,  Miss  Olive 
Moore,  Port  Hope,  secretary-treasurer,  and 
Miss  Edna  Covert,  vice-chairman  for  the 
coming  year.  There  were  25  nurses  present. 
The  guest  speaker  was  the  Rev.  Dr.  Kelly 
of  St.  Michael's  Church,  Cobourg.  His  ad- 
dress on  "The  intellect  and  the  will"  was 
most  enlightening  and  given  in  his  usual 
humourous  and  entertaining  manner.  A  so- 
cial  hour   followed. 

Miss  Margaret  Turner  has  returned  to  the 
Ontario  Hospital  staff  after  completing  a 
postgraduate  course  at  the  Toronto  Psy- 
chiatric Hospital. 

Port  Hope: 

The  resignation  is  announced  of  Miss  E. 
M.  Elliott,  who  has  served  as  superintendent 
of  Port  Hope  General  Hospital  for  the 
past  28  years.  Many  changes  were  brought 
about  through  her  confidence  and  enthu- 
siasm for  better  service  to  the  community. 
Through  the  efforts  of  the  Hospital  Board 
and  the  public  generally  an  entirely  new 
building  was  built  in  1915  and  again  enlarged 
in  1930.  The  old  building  which  previously 
housed  the  patients,  nurses  help,  and  laundry 
now  became  the  nurses  residence.  In  1925 
the  first  x-ray  was  installed  and  now  a  very 
modern  machine  and  other  equipment  make 
this  department  one  of  the  finest.  In  1917 
a  modern  laundry  was  built. 

From  1916  to  1934  the  Hospital  main- 
tained a  training  school  for  nurses  and 
during  this  time  35  nurses  graduated  and  took 
their  places  in  the  community  under  the 
instruction  and  guidance  of  Miss  Elliott,  her- 
self a  leader  in  nurse  education.  To  the 
patients  and  nurses  who  dearly  loved  her 
she  gave  her  best,  which  was  always  ex- 
cellent. She  always  had  time  to  give  a  listen- 
ing ear  and  help  to  those  who  needed  it. 
Before  leaving  Port  Hope  she  received  many 
tokens  of  good  will  from  the  nurses,  medical 
staff,  hospital  board,  hospital  mission,  and 
citizens   of   the   town.   A   dinner   was   given 


Vol.  38  N«.  2 


NEWS   NOTES 


131 


by  the  Port  Hope  nurses  in  her  honour, 
and  a  number  of  her  older  graduates  were 
present  as  was  also  the  medical  staff.  On 
this  occasion  Miss  Elliott  was  presented 
with  a  travelling  bag  and  an  address  was 
read  by  Miss  G.  Roberts,  a  member  of  her 
first  class. 


District  10 
Fort  William: 

For  more  than  25  years  Miss  Minnie 
Forbes  has  rendered  outstanding  service  in 
the  capacity  of  night  supervisor  at  the  Mc- 
Kellar  General  Hospital.  Her  recent  retire- 
ment was  marked  by  many  proofs  of  the 
affection  and  respect  in  which  she  is  held, 
not  only  by  her  colleagues,  but  also  by  the 
community  at  large.  At  a  reception,  held  in 
her  honour  by  the  Alumnae  Association,  a 
handsome  purse  of  money  was  presented  to 
Miss  Forbes,  together  with  an  illuminated 
address  which  read  in  part  as  follows : 

We  the  alumnae  of  the  McKellar  General 
Hospital  have  learned  with  deep  regret  your 
intention  to  retire  from  the  position  as  night 
superintendent  of  this  institution.  We  realize 
a  tender  tie  is  being  severed  for  those  of  us 
who  have  been  trained  under  your  super- 
vision. In  you,  we  found  more  than  an 
instructress  and  disciplinarian  to  whom  we 
owed  respect  and  obedience,  necessary  as 
these  qualities  may  be.  We  are  now,  only 
too  happy  to  have  this  opportunity  of  con- 
fessing that  we  have  found  dignity  of  rank 
so  finely  blended  with  sweetness  of  spirit 
and  thought  fulness  for  others  that  we  have 
all  loved  you,  and  shall  continue  to  love 
you  with  an  affection  that  will  not  diminish 
with  distance  or  the  passing  of  the  years. 

Miss  Lorna  M.  Horwood.  superintendent 
of  the  Hospital,  and  Miss  Jane  Hogarth, 
president  of  the  Alumnae  Association,  re- 
ceived the  many  guests  among  whom  were 
many  prominent  citizens  of  Fort  William. 


QUEBEC 


Montreal: 

Montreal  General  Hosfital: 

At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Alumnae 
Association  of  the  Montreal  General  Hos- 
pital the  following  officers  were  elected : 
Honourary.  presidents :  Miss  Webster,  Miss 
Tedford;  honourary  treasurer,  Miss  Dunlop : 
honourary  members :  Miss  Rayside,  Miss 
Craig ;  president.  Miss  .Catherine  Anderson ; 
first  vice-president.  Miss  Bertha  Birch ;  se- 
cond vice-president,  Miss  Mary  Long ;  re- 
cording secretary.  Miss  Jean  McNair ;  cor- 
responding secretary,  Miss  Mabel  Shannon ; 
treasurer,     Miss    Isabel     Davies ;    executi^'c 

FEBRUARY.  1942 


PRESCRIBED     FOR    THE 

RELIEF    OF    PAIN    FOR 

OVER    20    YEARS 

Not  only  hold  the  confidence  of  dentists 
and  doctors  but  of  their  patients  as  well. 

Each  tablet  contains  31/2  gr.  Acetophen 
(Acetylsalicylic  Acid  "Frosst"),  216  gr. 
Phenacetin,  Yi  gr.  Caffeine  citrate.  The  tab- 
lets dissolve  quickly,  promoting  rapid  ab- 
sorbtion  and  prompt  relief. 

DOSAGE: 

One  tablet  with  water,  two  or  three  times 
daily  as  required. 

MODES  OF  ISSUE: 

Tubes  of  12  Bottles  of  40  and  100. 


StCK^ 


The  Canadian  Mark  of  QtuUity 
Pharmaceuticals  since  1899. 


eftailed8.S?iod*t&a>. 


Montreal 


Canada 


WHERE  QUALITY  AND  PRICE  ARE  EQUAL 

OR  BETTER  PRESCRIBE  CANADIAN 

PRODUCTS 


l52 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


inHRlED 


is  the 

(RECT  METHOD 
J  of  treating 

COLDS,    BRONCHITIS, 
WHOOPING    COU6H 


B''^^^  ■      y  Therein  Ues  Vapo- 

Cresoenesnota    .^   operation,   the   P      -jdiy 

?"tWg    d"a^-«    ^^^    '^'Tto    eP-tedcon- 
breathing    ",^,;^g  vapors  into  rep  ^ous 

■"••'""•Vh'.hf  inflamed   re.p.r«oty  muc 
rmb^ne  .,  ,h«  cough  ;sqfWV 

tr.' iornuS»  "•'"■■'"•^211^ 


THE    VAPO-CRESOLENE   CO. 
62  Cortiandt  St.       New  York,  N.Y. 


committee :  Miss  M.  K.  Holt,  Miss  A.  Whit- 
ney, Miss  Hilda  Bartsch,  Miss  E.  Robertson, 
Mrs.  F.  Johnston ;  general  nursing  section : 
Miss  A.  Whitney,  Miss  Margaret  McLeod, 
Miss  C.  Pope,  Miss  Jean  Ross ;  visiting 
committee:  Miss  Marjory  Ross,  Aliss  B. 
Miller,  Miss  Helen  Christian ;  program  com- 
mittee: Miss  M.  Batson,  Miss  E.  Denman, 
Miss  K.  Annesley;  refreshment  committee: 
Miss  Clifford  (convener).  Miss  Michie.  Miss 
A.  Scott,  Miss  B.  Broadhurst.  Miss  M. 
McQuarrie ;  representatives  to  Local  Coun- 
cil of  Women :  Miss  A.  Costigan,  Aliss  M. 
Stevens ;  representative  to  The  Canadian 
Nurse,  Miss  C.  Watling. 

The  35th  annual  report  revealed  that  many 
graduates  were  on  active  service  with  the 
nursing  services  of  the  various  units,  and  a 
great  number  have  answered  the  call  from 
South  Africa.  The  program  committee  has 
amply  provided  instructive  and  interesting 
material  for  all  meetings.  One  hundred  dol- 
lars has  been  added  to  the_  wool  fund,  and 
$200  has  been  contributed"  to  the  British 
Nurses  Relief  Fund.  The  Spitfire  fund  has 
done  good  work,  and  $600  was  donated  to  the 
Queen's  Canadian  Fund.  Under  the  leader- 
ship of  Mrs.  Lawrence  Fisher  graduates 
have  made  Red  Cross  dressings  at  the  Wes- 
tern Division. 

Miss  Gladys  McLean  (1934)  has  accepted 
a  position  as  industrial  nurse  with  the  Simp- 
son Company,  Montreal.  Miss  J.  Marion 
Lawton  (1941)  is  doing  industrial  nursing 
with  a  large  plant  in  Montreal.  Miss  Rachel 
McConnell  (1914).  who  has  been  superin- 
tendent of  nursing  in  the  Hartford  General 
Hospital,  Hartford.  Conn,  for  a  number  of 
\'ears.  has  resigned  her  position  and  is  tak- 
ing a  well  earned  rest.  Miss  Hornibrook 
(1938)  has  returned  from  the  west  and  is 
now  on  the  staff  of  the  Verdun  Protestant 
Hospital. 

The  "Spitfire  Group"  of  M.G.H.  grad- 
uates has  forwarded  $4000  to  England  to 
help   in   the  work   of   winning  the   war.   The 


students  of  the  School  of  Nursing  raised 
$50  for  the  Russian  Medical  services  at  a 
sale   of  homemade  articles. 

The  following  marriages  have  recently 
taken  place:  Kathleen  Brotherston  (1939) 
to  Warren  Tower;  Audrey  Ellis  (1940)  to 
Carleton  A.  Stanley;  Alice  G.  Brewer 
(1932)  to  Albert  G.  Gillespie. 


Royal  Victoria  Hosfital: 

Miss  F.  Munroe  and  the  nursing  staff 
entertained  at  tea  on  New  Year's  afternoon 
for  the  graduates  and  their   friends. 

Miss  Dorothy  Riches  (R.V.H.,  1932)  is 
now  with  No.  8  Canadian  General  Hospital. 
Miss  Kathleen  Bliss  has  been  appointed 
nurse-in-charge  of  the  health  service  at 
Royal  Victoria  College.  Miss  Ruth  Came- 
ron (R.V.H.,  1917)  is  in  charge  of  the  blood 
bank,  operated  by  the  Red  Cross  in  Saint 
John,  N.B.  Associated  with  her  are  Mrs. 
Hopgood  (Cassie  Smallman,  R.V.H.,  1925), 
Mrs.  V.  D.  Davidson  (Annie  Armstrong, 
R.V.H.,  1924),  and  Mrs.  G.  M.  White 
(Blanche  Bissett,  R.V.H.,  1926).  Miss  B. 
Evelyn  Taylor  (R.V.H..  1940)  is  on  the 
staff  of  the  Invermere  Hospital,  Invermere, 
B.  C. 


Quebec: 

Jeffery  Hale's  Hospital: 

The  following  officers  have  recently  been 
elected  to  serve  during  the  coming  year: 
President,  Mrs.  A.  W.  G.  Macalister;  first 
vice-president.  Afrs.  L.  Teakle;  second  vice- 
president.  Miss  G.  Weary ;  secretarv.  Miss 
AL  G.  Fischer :  treasurer,  Mrs.  W.  D. 
Fleming;  councillors:  Misses  A.  Wolfe,  C. 
Kennedy,  E.  Fitzpatrick.  D.  Ross.  Mrs.  W. 
Pfeiffer;   committees:   refreshment:    Misset 

Vol.   ?8  No.  2 


NEWS   NOTES 


133 


Kii  tsen,  M.  Jones,  J.  Warren,  M.  Dawson ; 
program :  Mmes.  Young,  Teakle,  Misses 
Lunam,  Douglas  ;  visiting  :  Misses  G.  Martin, 
Douglas  (convener),  Mmes.  H.  M.  Raphael, 
P.  Gray ;  representatives  to  private  c'uty 
section:  Misses  E.  Walsh,  Rhoda  Perry; 
representative  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss 
Humphries ;  purchasing :  Misses  M.  Lunam, 
G.'  Weary,  Mrs.  W.  D.  Fleming ;  Red  Cross 
work:  Mmes  Poulson,  Hatch,  Fulton,  Mc- 
CuUock,  Cormack,  C.  Thorn,  Vermette,  Miss 
G.  Weary. 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Alumnae  Asso- 
ciation of  the  Jeffery  Hale's  Hospital  it  was 
reported  that  during  1941  fifteen  of  our 
nurses  went  on  active  service.  The  following 
nursing  sisters  went  to  South  Africa : 
Misses  Eager,  Andrews,  Matthew,  Ingraham, 
M.  Greene,  and  Mrs.  \\'ilkins.  Nursir.g  Sis- 
ters M.  Cambon  and  M.  Doddridge  are  in 
England.  N.  S.  Cambon  has  since  been 
transferred  to  the  plastic  surgery  division. 

Miss  Mary  Wilson  (1941)  has  accepted 
a  position  as  industrial  nurse  with  Price 
Brothers  Corporation,  Kenogami,  P.  Q.  Miss 
Shirley  Roberts  (1941)  is  on  the  staff  of 
the  Alexandra  Hospital,  Point  St.  Charles, 
P.  Q.  Miss  Stella  Reid  (1941)  is  on  the 
nursing  staff  of  the  Jewish  General  Hospital, 
Montreal. 

The  following  marriages  have  recentlv 
taken  place:  Helen  McLelan  (1938)  to 
Charles  Smith;  Margaret  Cochrane  (1935) 
to  Walter  J.  Nelson;  Marioa  Fryer  (1941) 
to  Wilfred  Rourke. 


SASKATCHEWAN 

S.ASKATOON  : 

St.  Paul's  Hosfital: 

The  activities  of  the  Alumnae  Associa- 
tion of  St.  Paul's  Hospital  have  been  di- 
rected mainly  toward  the  war  effort.  The 
members  have  knitted  socks  and  have  made 
two  afghans.  A  $50  Victory  Bond  was  pur- 
chased and  a  $4  War  Savings  Certificate 
is  bought  each  month.  A  donation  was  also 
made  to  the  British  Nurses  Relief  Fund. 
A  tea  was  held  recently  in  order  to  collect 
articles  for  ditty  bags  for  the  sailors,  and  14 
bags  were  filled. 

Assistance  has  been  given  to  the  Saskat- 
chewan Registered  Nurses  Association  to 
help  the  war  cause.  A  donation  was  made  to 
the  local  Community  Chest  fund  to  aid  in 
the  work  they  do  in  the  city.  An  important 
feature  of  the  Alumnae  Association's  acti- 
vities was  the  establishment  of  a  loan  fund 
as  an  aid  to  graduate  nurses  who  wish  to 
take  postgraduate  courses. 

FEBRUARY,  1942 


■ 

B 

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■ 
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■ 

■ 

■ 

a 
■ 

D 

■ 

D 

B 
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■ 
D 

B 
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■ 

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n 


BABYS  OWN  Tablets 


ARE 


GENTLE. 
RELIABLE, 


PLEASANT 
EFFECTIVE 


To  the  discriminating  nurse,  ever  mind- 
ful of  the  needs  of  her  little  patients, 
these  tir.ie-proven  tablet  triturates  pro- 
vide a  mild,  gentle  and  effective  laxa- 
tive. Clinically  tested,  they  are  designed 
especially  to  help  keep  babies'  delicate 
digestive  tract  free  from  irritating  accu- 
mulations and  waste,  that  so  often  are 
the  indirect  cause  of  upset  stomach, 
constipation,  gas  and  other  minor  ills 
of   babyhood. 

Excellent  also  in  helping  to  relieve  sim- 
ple fever  and  other  disturbances  common 
to  the  teething  period. 
Over  forty  years  of  increasing  use  have 
proven  BABY'S  OWN  TABLETS  to  be 
dependable  and  trustworthy.  They  con- 
tain    no    opiates     nor    narcotic?     of     any 

IDBDBCBniDHDHDHaBDB 


0N( 


WHITC 


TUBE   CREME 


0N€ 

WHm 


TUB€  CR<M( 


Prpferred  by  Nurses 
for  confinued  use  as 
it'  cleans  better,  works 
faster,  and  contains 
ingredients  to  pre- 
serve fine  footwear. 
Made  in  Canada  by 
Canadians  specializing 
in  the  manufacture 
of  fine  shoe  dressings. 
Sample  tube  mailed 
to  any  nurse  on  re- 
quest  to: 

EVERETT   &    BARRON 

OF   CANADA,  LTD., 

914    Dufferin    St. 

Toronto. 


WUNOTRWBOff 


.    .    .    OFF   .    .    .     DUTY  .    .    . 


A  catchy  headline  always  fascinates  us  .  . .  and  the  other'  day  we  came 
upon  this  one  . . .  "The  rubbish  heap  and  what  to  put  on  it"  ...  a  forthright 
declaration  which  happened  to  chime  in  with  our  helligerent  mood  .  .  . 
Where  should  we  begin  .  .  .  if  regardless  of  consequences  or  expense  .  .  . 
we  enjoyed  the  glorious  privilege  of  throwing  things  on  a  rubbish  heapt 
.  .  .  The  first  item  which  came  to  mind  was  our  travelling  umbrella  .  .  .  an 
exasperating  gadget  which  refuses  to  stay  either  open  or  closed  .  .  .  We 
shall  never  forget  the  time  ive  tried  to  board  a  crowded  street  car  in  a  rain- 
storm and  it  obstinately  remained  open  .  .  .  Of  course  we  stu^k  in  the  door 
.  .  .  and  had  to  get  off  backwards  .  .  .  The  moment  ive  were  back  on  the 
street  .  .  .  the  ivretched  thing  collapsed  on  top  of  us  .  .  .  like  a  circus  tent 
in  a  cyclone  .  .  .  and  we  had  to  grope  our  ivay  to  the  pavement  .  .  .  looking 
like  a  large  toad  under  a  small  mushroom  .  .  .  That  umbrella  will  never  be 
any  use  to  us  .  .  .  but  we  can't  bear  to  put  it  on  the  rubbish  heap  .  .  .  be- 
cause it  has  su^h  a  pretty  handle  .  .  .  the  salesivoman  assured  us  it  was 
"solid  prystal"  .  .  .  Then  there  are  those  high-heeled  evening  slippers  .  .  . 
that  are  just  a  little  too  narrow  for  us  .  .  .  We  bought  them  as  a  gesture  of 
defiance  .  .  .  ivhen  the  clerk  urged  us  to  choose  a  sensible  pair  .  .  .  more  in 
keeping  with  our  age  .  .  .  Occasionally  ive  sumrfion  up  enough  fortitude  to 
wear  them  .  .  .  and  then  totter  homeivard  .  .  .  to  soak  our  aching  feet  in  hot 
water  .  .  .  Those  slippers  ought  to  go  on  the  rubbish  heap  .  .  .  but  we  just 
can't  bring  ourselves  to  part  with  them  .  .  .  We  may  as  well  confess  that  we 
are  hoarding  other  useless  things  .  .  .  dusty  old  books  .  .  .  faded  photographs 
.  .  .  yellow  newspaper  clippirigs  .  .  .  ive  know  ive  ought  to  make  a  clean 
sweep  of  them  .  .  .  and  yet  somehow  we  never  do  .  .  .  There  are  even 
moments  when  we  darkly  suspect .  .  .  that  this  tendency  to  hold  on  to  mate- 
rial possessions  carries  over  into  our  mental  processes  .  .  .  Some  half-baked 
theory  catches  our  fancy  .  .  .  and  ive  can  no  more  resist  it  than  we  did  the 
"prystal"  handle  of  that  silly  umbrella  .  .  .  We  cherish  some  fixed  ideas 
which  are  just  as  narrow  as  those  shoes  .  .  .  and  yet,  for  the  life  of  us,  can't 
toss  them  overboard  .  .  .  As  for  the  hoary  old  prejudices  we  have  dragged 
along  with  us  through  the  years  .  .  .  the  rubbish  heap  is  the  place  for  them 
.  . .  and  we  know  it  .  .  .  One  of  these  days  .  .  .  we  are  going  to  make  a  grand 
symbolic  gesture.  .  .  .  throw  away  those  tight  shoes  .  .  .  and  follow  up  re- 
lentlessly with  the  travelling  umbrella  .  .  .  even  though  it  has  got  .  .  .  such 
a  pretty  handle. 

—  E.  J. 


Vol.   38  No.  2 


Official  Directory 

International    Council    of    Nurses 
Acting    BxecutlTe    Secretary,    Miss   Calista    F.    Banwarth,    310    Cedar    Street.    New    I4av«n. 

Connecticut,   U.  S.   A. 

THE  CANADIAN  NURSES  ASSOCIATION 

Pr«sid«iu Miss  Grace   M.   Fairley,   Vancouver  General   Hospital,    Vancouver.    B.C. 

Patt  President  ^fis3   Ruby   M.   Simpson,    Department   of   Health.    Parliament    Buildingrs.    Retina.   Sask. 

First  Vice-President. Miss   Elizabeth    L.   Smellie.    Department   of    National    Defence.    Ottawa,    Ont. 

Second    Vice-President    Miss    Marion    Lindeburgh.    School    for    Graduate    Nurses.    McGill    University, 

Montreal.    P.    Q. 

Honourary  Secretary   Miss   Kathleen   I.  Sanderson,    lios    Park   Drive.    Vancouver.   B.C. 

Honourary   Treasurer   Miss    A.    .1.    MacMaster,    Moncton    Hospital,    Moncton,    N.B. 

COUNCILLORS  AND  OTHER  MEMBERS  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 

Numerals   indicate    office   held:    (1)    President,    Provincial    Nurses    Association; 

{2)Chairman,  Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing  Section;    (3)    Chairman,   Public 

Health    Section',     (4)    Chairman,    General    Nursing    Section. 

Alberta:    (1)    .Miss  Rae  Chitticiv.  8I5-I8th    Ave.    W.,  Ontario:    (1)    Miss    Jean    L.    Church,    120    Strath 

Calgary;    (2)    Miss  Helen   S.  Peters.   University  cona    Ave.,    Ottawa:     (2)     Miss    L.    D.    Acton, 

of  Alberta    Hospital.   Edmonton;    (3)    Miss   Au-  General   Hospital.   Kingston;    (3)    Miss  G.  Ross, 

drey     Dick,     York     Hotel,     Calgarj';     (4)     Miss  15    Queen's    Park    Crescent,    Toronto;    (i)    Mi*i 

l.eona    Hennig,    .SOS    Bank    of    Toronto    BIdg..  D.  Ogilvie.  34  Gilchrist  Ave.,  Ottawa. 

Prince    Edward    Island:    (1)    Miss    K.    MacLennan. 

British  Columbia:  '1)  Miss  M.  Duffield,  1673  West  Provincial  Sanatorium.  Charlottetown ;  (2)  Miss 
10th  Ave..  Vancouver;  (2)  Miss  F.  McQuarrie,  Georgie  Drown.  Prince  County  Hospital,  Sum- 
Vancouver  General  Hospital;  (3)  Miss  F.  merside;  (3)  Miss  M.  Darling.  Alberton ;  (4) 
Innes.  1!122  Adanac  St..  Vancouver;  (4)  Mrs.  Miss  D.  Hennessey.  Charlottetown  Hospital. 
J.  F.  Hansom.  1178  Esquimau  Ave..  West  Charlottetown. 
Vancouver.  Quebec:    '1)   Miss  E.  Flanagan,     3801     University 

KM     :  u  .    /i\    Ml..    A    ifoR-M     vnv      Mofiimi  Street.  Montreal;   (2)  Miss  M.  Batson,  Montreal 

Mamtob^    (1)    MiM    A-  McKee.    y.O.N.    Nle^^^^^  General     Hospital;     (3)     Miss     A.     Martineau, 

Arts   Bldg..   \Vinn.peg:    (2)    Miss  D    Ditchf.eld,  ^     ^     ^j   p^^^^^^     City   of   Montreal;    (4)    Miss 

Children's     Hospital,    \\innipeg;     '3)     Miss     h  ^    ^,    5^^,^^^^    5484-A  St.  Denis  St.,  Montreal. 
King.    Ste.    1.    Greysolon    Apts.,    Winnipeg;    (4) 

Miss  C.   Bourgeauit.   St.   Boniface   Hospital,    St.  Saskatchewan:    (1)    Miss   Matilda  Diederichs,  Regi- 

Boniface.  na  Grey  Nuns  Hospital;   (2)  Miss  A.  F.  Lawrie. 

Regina  General  Hospital;    '3)   Miss  Gladys  Mc- 

New     Brunswick:     (1)     Sister    Kerr.     Hotel    Dieu  Donald,   6   Mayfair  Apts..   Regina;    ^4)    Miss  R. 

Hospital.  Campbellton;   (8)  Miss  Marian  Myers,  Wozny,  2216  Smith  St.,  Regina. 
Saint   John   General   Hospital;    (3)    Miss  A.   A. 

Burns.    Health    Centre,    Saint    John;    (4)    Miss  Chairmen,   National  Sections:   Hospital  and  School 

Myrtle   E.    Kay,   21    Austin   St.,   Moncton.  of    Nursing:    Miss    B.    Anderson,   Ottawa   CItIc 

Hospital.  Public  Health:  Miss  M.  Kerr.  Eburne, 

Nova  Scotia:     (1)    Miss    M.    Jenkins,    The    Child-  B.C.    General    Nursing:    Miss    M.    Baker,    249 

ren's  Hospital,  Halifax;   (2)  Sister  Mary  Peter,  Victoria  St.,  London.  Convener.  Committee  on 

St.    Martha's    Hospital,    Antigonish;     (3)    Miss  Nursing     Education:      Miss      M.      Lindeburgh, 

Jean    Forbes,    314   Roy    Building,    Halifax;    (4)  School    for    Graduate    Nurses,    McGill    Univer- 

Miss   G.   Porter,   115  South  Park  St..   Halifax.  ^ity,    Montreal. 

Executive  Secretary:   Miss  Jean   S.   Wilson.   National   Office,    1411    Crescent   St..    Montreal,    P.Q. 
OFFICERS    OF   SECTIONS   OF    CANADIAN    NURSES    ASSOCIATION 

Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing  Section  Councillors:  Alberta:  Miss  L.   Hennig,   305   Bank 

of  Toronto  Bldg.,  Edmonton.  British  Columbia: 
,.  »,.       „,       u      .     !  /-.It  /-.•   •  Mrs.     J.     F.     Hansom,     1178     Esquiinalt     Ave. 

Chairman:  Miss  Blanche  Anderson.  Ottawa  Civic  rv^^t     \r„„„„„..„,.       «V     ••  u   .     \fio=     n      d^..- 

ij„„„:»„i       E-:-,!.     ^r:.^  nt ••_„,„„.     \i:„^     t?      n  West      Vancouver.      Manitoba:     Miss     C.     Bour- 

Hospital.      First     V  ce-Chairman      Miss     E.     G.  „„„„i».    ci-    n.^^n.-.r^^^  u«,r^:f„i    c*    d^„:* vi 

McXally.    General    Hospital.    Brandon.    Second  '^  n^  f  ^  M?«  Vlvrtl^^F     K.^^ 

Vice-chairman:     Miss     M.      Batson,     Montreal  ^fXf^n    ^  ^        ^^-   •    Mi^f ^  r      p«  fit     ?h 

C^neral     Hospital.     Secretar>--Treasurer:     Miss  S,     P.rW  ^^?      H^n^nx       n  ?'  •        M^^^^^ 

,,-     /-. ,._     nti /-:„:-    ij„„„:t„i  South     Park     St.,     Halifax.      Ontario       M  ss     D. 

^^.    Cooke.    Ottawa    Civic    Hospital.  q^-^^..^    ,^^   Gilchrist    Ave..   Ottawa.     Prince    Ed- 

ward    Island:    Miss    Dorothv    Hennessey.    Char- 

CouNciLLORs:  Alberta:   .Miss   H.  S.   Peters.   Univer-  lottetown      Hospital.      Charlottetown.      Quebec: 

city  Hospital,  Edmonton.  Sridsb  Columbia:  Miss  viiss  A.  M.  Robert,  5484-A  St.  Denis  St.,  Mont- 

F.     McQuarrie.     Vancouver    General     Hospital.  real.    Saskatchewan:  Miss  R.  Wozny,  3216  Smith 

Manitoba:    Miss    D.    Ditchfield.    Children's    Hos-  gt..  Regina. 

pital,   Winnipeg.     New   Brtmswick:  Miss   Marion  "  "               n    1 1- 

Myers,     Saint    John     General     Hospital.     Nova  Public   Health    Section 

Scotia:  Sister  Mary  Peter.  St    Joseph's  Hospital.  chairman:    Miss    M.    Kerr.     Eburne.    B.C.    Vice- 

^nn   r^ni;«i   Hn3Li       p  •          hA^^Ti^'''^'  Chairman:    Miss    W.    Dawson.    Health    Centre, 

u?«  ^mJ^i    R3n     P,w»"rnnnTf/'\^i*i'?.''i'  ?«*"»  ^ohn,   N.B.   Secretary-Treasurer:   Miss   L. 

^  f^n,^«T/.    n    r  •  MiVc  M    R^fco^    x,^Jl  ^\  Creelman.    2570    Spruce    St.,    Vancouver,    B.C. 

Summerside.  Quebec:  Miss  M.  Batson.  Montreal 

General    Hospital.      Saskatchewan:    Miss    A.    F.        Councii.lors :    Alberta:    Miss    Audrey    Dick,    York 

Lawrie,    Regina    General    Hospital.  Hotel.  Calgary.  British  Columbia:  Miss  F.  Innes, 

1922  Adanac  St.,  Vancouver.  Manitoba:  Miss  F. 

King.  Ste.  1.  Greysolon  Apts..  Winnipeg.  New 
General  Nursing  Section  Brunswick:  Miss  A.  Burns,  Health  Centre,  Saint 

John.  Nova  Scotia:  Miss  Jean  Forbes.  314  Roj 
Chairman:  Mis.s  M.  Baker.  249  Victoria  St..  Lon-  Bldg..     Halifax.      Ontario:     Miss     G.     Ross.     It 

don.  Ont.    First  Vice-Chairman :  Miss  F.  M.  H.  Queen's    Park    Cres..    Toronto.     Prince    Edward 

Brown.  Wolfville,  N.S.    Second  Vice-Chairman:  Island:      Miss      Margaret      Darling,      Alberton. 

Miss  P.  Brownell.   212  Balmoral  St..  Winnipeg.  Quebec:   Mile    A.    Martineau,    Dept.   of    Health. 

Man.     Secretary-Treasurer:     Miss     A.     Conrt>y,  City    of    Montreal.    Saskatchewan:    Miss    Gladys 

4«4  Re««s>t  St.,  London,  Ont.  McDonald,   8  Mayfair  Apts..   Regina. 


t» 


Provincial  Associations  of  Registered  Nurses 


ALBERTA 

Alberta     Association     cf     Registered     Nur««f 

l'iesi()ent.  Miss  Rae  Cliiltick.  815-18th  Ave.  \V.. 
Calgary;  First  Vice-I'res..  Miss  Catherine  M. 
Clibborii.  University  of  Alberta  Hospital.  Ed- 
monton; Sec.  V'ice-Pres..  Sister  M.  Beatrice.  St. 
Michael's  Hospital.  Lethbrldge;  Secretary-Treas- 
urer &  Registrar,  Mrs.  A.  E.  Vango,  St.  Ste- 
phen's College,  Edmonton;  Cauncillors:  Miss 
Margaret  D.  NfcLean,  Hiss  Helen  S.  Peters.  Miss 
Audrey  Dick.  Miss  t.eona  Hennig;  Chairmen  of 
Sections:  General  Nursing,  Miss  l.eona  Hennig. 
3(13  Bank  of  Toronto  Bldg..  Edmonton;  Hospital 
k  School  of  Nursing.  Miss  Helen  S.  Peters.  Uni- 
versity of  Alberta  Hospital.  Eilmonton :  Public 
Health,  Miss  Audrey  Uick,  York  Hotel,  Calgary; 
Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Nfiss  Violet  Chap- 
man,   Royal    Alexandra    Hospital.    Edmonton. 

Ponoka     District,     No.     2,     Alberta     Association     of 
Registered    Nurses 

Chairman.  Miss  >[argaret  McLean;  Vice-Chiiir- 
man,  Miss  Karen  Westerlund;  Secretary -Treas- 
urer, Miss  Margaret  Tamblyn,  Provincial  Mental 
Hospital.  Ponoka;  Re}rresentntive  to  The  Cana- 
dian  Nurse.    Miss   Nessa    Leckie. 

Calgary      District,      No.      3,      Alberta      .Association      of 
Register,  d    Nurses 

Chairman.  Miss  K.  Connor,  Central  Alta. 
Sanatorium;  Vice-chairman,  Miss  C.  Feisel,  Holy 
Cross  Hospital;  Sec.,  Miss  M.  Richards,  Holy 
Cross  Ho.spital:  Treas.,  Miss  M.  Watt.  City 
Health  Dept. ;  Conveners  of  Sections:  Hospital 
k  School  of  Nursing,  Mis-s  J.  Connal,  Gen. 
Hospital:  Public  Health,  Miss  A.  Dick.  City 
Health  Dept.;  General  Nursing,  Miss  D.  Cannon, 
Gen.    Hospital. 

Medicine    Hat    District,    No.    4.    Alberta    Association 
of    Registered    Nurses 

Cliairman,  Miss  C.  E.  Mary  Howies.  Medicine 
Hat  General  Hospital:  Vice-Chairman.  Miss  M. 
Hagernian,  Y.W.C.A..  Afedicine  Hat;  Secretary- 
Treasurer.  Miss  M.  M.  Webster.  5.'58  Fourth 
Street.  Medicine  Hat;  Entertainment  Com- 
mittee: Miss  Green,  >fiss  Weeks,  Mrs.  D. 
Fawcett. 

Edmonton    District,    No.    7,    Alberta    Association    of 
Registered    Nurses 

Chairman,  Miss  Ida  Johnson:  First  Vice- 
Chairman,  Miss  C.  Clibborn;  Sec.  Vice-Chairman. 
Sister  Mayer;  Sec,  Miss  H.  Bamforth.  Royal 
Alexandra  Hospital,  Edmonton;  Treas..  Miss  E. 
Porritt;  Committee  Conveners:  Program,  Miss  E. 
Cushing;  Membership,  Miss  M.  Dennison ;  Re- 
presentatives to:  Local  Council  of  Women.  Miss 
V.  Chapman ;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  E. 
Perkins. 

Lethbridge  District,  No.  8,  Alberta  Association  of 
Registered  Nurses 
CTiairman,  Miss  Jean  MacKenzie.  1120  Sixth 
Avenue.  South.  Lethbridge;  Vice-CTiairman.  Miss 
Ann  Ko.stuik;  Secretary,  Miss  Marjorie  Balr, 
Gait  Hospital,  Lethbridge ;  Treasurer,  Miss  Rutli 
Hooper. 

BRITISH    COLUMBIA 

Registered    Nurses    Association    of    British    Columbia 

President.  Miss  M.  Duffieli.  Ifi75  lOth  Are. 
W..  Vancouver:  First  Vice-President.  Miss  M. 
E.    Kerr:    Sec.    Vice-President.    Mi.ss    G.    M.    Fair- 

136 


ley;  Secretao',  -Miss  P.  Capelle,  Rm.  715.  Van 
couver  Block,  Vancouver;  Registrar,  Miss  Evelyn 
Mallory,  Rm.  713,  Vancouver  Block,  Vancouver; 
Councillors:  Miss  E.  Clark.  Miss  L.  Creelman. 
Sr.  Columkille.  Sr.  M.  Gregory.  Miss  F.  H 
Walker;  Conveners  of  Sections:  Hospital  k 
School  of  Nursing.  Miss  F.  McQuarrie,  Vamou 
ver  General  Hospital:  Public  Health,  Miss  K. 
Innes.  1922  Adai.ac  St..  Vancouver;  General 
Nursing,  Mrs.  J.  V.  Hansom,  1178  Esquimau 
Ave..  West  Vancouver;  Press.  Miss  L.  M.  Dry* 
dale.    3S51    West   Boulevard.    Vancouver. 

MANITOBA 

Manitoba      Association      of      Registered      Nuraaa 

President.  .Miss  A.  .\lcKee.  V.O.N. ,  Medical 
.'\rts  Bldg.,  Winnipeg;  First  Vice-Pres..  MissR 
McKally.  General  Hospital,  Brandon;  Sec.  Vice 
Pre.*..  Miss  I.  McD'armid.  30:5  Langside  St..  Win- 
nipeg; Hon.  Sec.  Mrs.  H.  Copeland.  Misericordia 
Hospital.  Winnipeg:  Members  of  Hoard:  Major 
P.  Payton.  Grace  Hospital.  Winnipeg;  Miss  W 
Grice,  St.  Boniface  Out  Patient  Dept.;  Rev.  Sl.stei 
Breux.  St.  Boiilfiue  Hospital:  .Miss  L.  Stewart. 
168  Che.<tnut  .st..  Winnipeg;  Miss  H.  Coram.  171 
Chestnut  St..  Winnipeg;  .Miss  P.  Hart.  Melita : 
Miss  C.  Lynch.  Winnipeg  General  Hospital;  Mls« 
L.  Nordquist.  Carman  Genei.il  Hospital;  Con 
veners  of  Sectinns:  F/nspital  S<  School  of  Nursing 
.Miss  D.  Ditchfield.  Children's  Hospital,  WinnI 
peg:  General  Nursinu.  Miss  C.  Hourgeault,  St 
Boniface  Hospital;  Public  Health.  Miss  F.  King 
Ste.  1.  Greysolon  Apts.,  Winnipeg;  Committe* 
Conveners:  Instructors  Group,  Mrs.  Copeland. 
Misericordia  Hospital,  Winnipeg:  Social,  Mi.ss  I, 
Kelly.  7.'>3  Wolseley  Ave.,  Winnipeg;  Visitini; 
Miss  J.  Stothart.  320  .«;iierl)rooke  St.,  Winnipeg: 
Member.-ihip.  Nfiss  A.  Danilcvitch,  St.  Bonifac* 
Out-Patient  Dept.;  Nightingale  Memorial  Fund 
Miss  Z.  Beattie.  St.  Boniface  Hospit.nl;  Repre 
sentatives  to:  Council  of  Social  Agencies,  Mis? 
F.  Robertson.  753  Wolseley  Ave.,  Winnipeg;  Red 
Cross,  Miss  C.  Maddln.  Bureau  of  Child  Hygiene. 
Aberdeen  Ave.,  Winnipeg;  The  Canadian  Nurse. 
To  be  appointed:  Local  Council  of  Women.  Mrs. 
A.  L.  Wheeler.  Ste.  1.  221  Wellington  Cres.;  Red 
Cross  War  Council.  Miss  I.  Broadfoot.  2ii  Aiivers 
Apts.,  Winnipeg;  Secretary-Treasurer,  Miss  Ger- 
trude  Hall.   212   Balmoral   St.,   Winnipeg. 

NEW   BRUNSWICK 

New  Brunswick  Association  of  Registered  Nurtea 
Pres..  Sister  Kerr.  Hotel  Dieu  Hospital, 
Campbellton;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  A.  J.  Mac- 
Master;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  L.  Smith;  Hon. 
Sec.  Nfiss  L.  Bartsch;  Councillors:  Mrs.  G.  E. 
van  Dorsser.  Saint  John;  Miss  D.  Parsons. 
Fredericton ;  Sister  Anne  de  Parede,  Moncton ; 
Miss  B.  M.  Hadrill,  Newcastle;  Miss  L.  Bartsch, 
Saint  John;  Misses  R.  Follis.  M.  McMullen,  St. 
Stephen;  Miss  E.  M.  Tulloch.  Woodstock:  Sec- 
Treas. -Registrar,  Miss  Alma  Law,  Health  Cen- 
tre. Saint  John;  Conveners  of  Sections:  Hospital 
&  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  M.  Myers;  General 
Nursing.  Miss  M.  Kay;  Public  Health,  Miss  A. 
A.  Burns;  Conveners  of  Committees:  Legislation, 
Miss  B.  L.  Gregory;  Instruction,  Miss  Boyd,  St. 
Stephen;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  H.  Cahill. 

NOVA   SCOTIA 

Registered  Nurses  Association  of  Nova  Scoiia 
Pres..  Miss  Marjorie  Jenkins.  Children's  Hos 
pital.  Halifax;  First  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  D.  J,  Gillls. 
Windsor  Jet.;  Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  J.  Watkin.s, 
63  Henry  St..  Halifax:  Third  Vice-Pres..  Miss  A. 
E.  Fenton.  Dalhousie  P.  H.  Clinic.  Halifax;  Rec. 
Sec.  Mrs.  C.  W.  Bennett.  98  Edward  St..  Ha- 
lifax;   Registrar  Treasurer-Corresponding  Secret* 


OFFICIAL   DIRECTORY 


137 


ry.  Miss  Jean  C.  Dunning.  413  Dennis  Bldg.,  Hali- 
fax :  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Sur^e,  Nfiss  Flora 
Anderson.    General    Hospital.    Glace    Bay. 

ONTARIO 

Registered       Nurses       Association       of       Ontario 

President.  Miss  Jean  L.  Church;  First  Vice- 
President.  Miss  M.  I.  Walker:  Second  Vice- 
President,  Miss  J.  Masten ;  Secretary-Treasurer, 
Miss  Matilda  E.  Fitzgerald.  Room  630.  Physi- 
cians &  Surgeons  Bldg.,  86  Bloor  St.  \V..  To- 
ronto; Chairmen  of  Sections:  Hospital  &  School 
of  Nrirsing,  Miss  L.  D.  Acton.  General  Hospital. 
Kingston ;  General  Nursing.  Miss  D.  Ogilvie,  3-t 
Gilchrist  Ave..  Ottawa;  Public  Health,  Miss  G. 
Ros.s,  13  Queens  Park  Crescent,  Toronto;  Chair- 
men of  Districts:  Miss  J.  M.  Wilson,  Miss  W. 
.Ashplant.  Miss  A.  Boyd,  Miss  A.  Bell,  Mis."* 
I.  Shaw.  Miss  A.  Baillie,  Miss  M.  Stewart.  Miss 
J.  Sinitli.  Miss  M.  Buss. 

District    1 

Chairman,  Miss  J.  Wilson;  First  Vice-Chair- 
iiian.  Mrs.  C.  Salmon;  Sec.-Treas..  Miss  L. 
Steele.  537  Talbot  St.,  London;  Councillors  : 
Misses  Johns,  Baker.  Orr.  Precious.  Anderson. 
Williamson,  Mrs.  Wilson;  Conveners:  Hospital 
k  School  of  Nnrsing.  Miss  M.  McPhedran ; 
Public  Health,  Miss  G.Cooper;  General  Nursing, 
Miss    H.    Parnell;    Enrolment,   Miss    I.    Bull. 


Districts    t    and    3 

Chairman.  Miss  W.  Ashplant;  First  Vice- 
Chairman,  Miss  M.  Bliss;  Sec.  Vice-Chairman, 
Mrs.  K.  Cowie;  Sec.-Treas..  Miss  H.  Muir,  Gen- 
eral Hospital,  Brantford;  Councillors:  Misses  E. 
Eby.  F.  McKenzie,  G.  Westbrook.  M.  Grieve,  C. 
At  wood,  L.  Trusdale. 

District    4 

Cliairnian.  Miss  A.  Boyd;  First  Vice-Cliairman. 
Miss  M.  Buchanan;  Sec.  Vice-Chairman.  Miss 
F.  Ewart;  Sec.-Treas..  Miss  G.  Couithart,  82 
Balmoral  Ave.  S.,  Hamilton;  Councillors:  Sr. 
M.  Grace,  Mis.ses  Wright,  LeMay.  Brewster. 
Macintosh.  Cameron;  Conveners:  Hospital  & 
School  of  Nursing,  Sr.  M.  Eileen;  Public  Health, 
Miss  A.  Oram;  General  Nursing,  Miss  S.  Murray. 

District  5 

Chairman.  Miss  A.  Bell;  First  Vice-Chair- 
man. Miss  K.  McXamara;  Sec.  Mrs.  E.  Major, 
10  Bonnyview  Dr.,  Humber  Bay;  Treas.,  Mrs. 
R.  Challener;  Councillors:  Misses  G.  Jones,  R. 
Scott.  J.  Wallace.  J.  Mitchell.  G.  Versey.  I. 
LAWson ;  Committee  Conveners:  Public  Health. 
Miss  L.  Pettigrew;  General  Nursing,  Miss  I. 
Lindsay;  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss 
S.   Giles. 

District  8 

Chairman.  Miss  L  Shaw;  First  Vice-Chair- 
man, Miss  M.  McKenzie;  Sec.  Vice-Chairman. 
Miss  Covert  ;  Sec.-Treas.,  Miss  V.  Taylor. 
General  Hospital.  Cobourg;  Committee  Con- 
veners: Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  E. 
Young;  General  Nursing,  Miss  N.  DiCola; 
Public  Health,  Miss  Stewart;  Membership,  Miss 
N.  Brown;  Enrolment,  Miss  H.  Fitzgerald; 
Finance,    Miss    F.    Fitzgerald. 

District  T 

Chairman.  Miss  A.  Baillie;  Vice  Chairman. 
Miss  E.  Ardill;  Sec.-Treas..  Miss  E.  .Sharp. 
Kingston  General  Hospital:  Councillors:  Misses 
E.  Freeman.  V.  Manders.  E.  Moffatt.  P.  Gaven. 
ReT.      Sr.      Donovan :       Conveners:       Hoxvitni      k 


School  of  Nursing,  .Miss  L.  Acton;  General 
Nursing.  Miss  .\.  Davis;  Public  Health.  Miss 
D.  Storms:   The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  O.  Wilson. 

District  8 

Chairman.  Miss  M.  Stewart;  First  Vice-Chair- 
man. Rev.  Sr.  M.  Evangeline;  Sec.  Vice-Ciiair- 
nian.  Miss  P.  Walker;  Sec.-Treas..  Mrs.  E.  M. 
Smith,  149  Laurier  Ave.  W.,  Ottawa;  Councillors: 
Misses  V.  Belier,  W.  Cooke,  M.  Lowry.  K.  Mcll- 
raith.  Mrs.  G.  Eraser;  Conveners:  Hospital  & 
School  of  Nursing,  Rev.  Sr.  St.  Godfrey;  General 
Nursing,  Mrs.  G.  Eraser;  Public  Health.  Miss  F. 
Moroni:  Cornwall  Chapter,  Miss  M.  McWhinnie: 
Pembroke  Chapter.  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Evangeline;  The 
Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  H.  Tanner. 

District    9 

Chairman.  Miss  J.  Smith,  Gravenhurst;  First 
Vice-Chairman.  Miss  K.  MacKenzie,  North  Bay; 
Sec.  Vice-Chairman,  Miss  A.  McGregor.  Sault 
Ste.  Marie;  Sec,  Miss  F.  Geddis.  Pluninier 
Memorial  Hospital.  Sault  Ste.  Marie;  Treas., 
Miss  R.  Buchanan.  Sanitarium  P.  O. ;  Conveners: 
Public  Health,  Miss  H.  E.  Smith,  New  Liskeard; 
Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  A.  Riordan, 
Sudbury;  General  Nursing,  Mrs.  E.  Sheridan. 
Sudbury;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Sr.  Teresa  of 
the   Sacred   Heart,   Sault  Ste.   Marie. 

District  10 

Chairman,  Miss  M.  Buss,  The  Sanatorium.  Fort 
William;  Vice-Chairman,  Miss  Alice  Hunter; 
Sec.-Treas..  Miss  Dorothy  Chedister,  General 
Hospital.  Port  Arthur;  Councillors:  Miss  J.  Ho- 
garth. Miss  V.  Lovelace.  Miss  J.  Berry;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursi^itf. 
Miss  L.  Horwood;  General  Nursing,  Miss  L  Mor- 
rison;   Public   Health,   Miss   Q.    Donaldson. 

PRINCE    EDWARD    ISLAND 

Prince  Edward  Island  Registered  Nurses 
Association 
Pres.,  Miss  Katharine  MacLennan.  Provincial 
Sanatorium,  Charlottetown ;  Vice-Pres..  Miss  Ma- 
ry Devereaux,  New  Haven;  Sec.  Miss  Anna 
Mair,  P.E.I.  Hospital,  Charlottetown ;  Treas.  & 
Registrar,  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Magdalen,  Charlottetown 
Hospital;  Chairmen  of  Sections:  Hospital  & 
School  of  Nursing,  Miss  Georgie  Brown,  Prince 
Co.  Hospital.  Summerside;  General  Nursing,  Mi.ss 
Dorothy  Hennessey,  Charlottetown  Hospital. 
Charlottetown;  Public  Health,  Miss  Margaret 
Darling,    Alberton. 

QUEBEC 

Association  of  Registered  Nurses  of  the  Province 
of  Quebec  (Incorporated,  1920) 
President.  Miss  Eileen  C.  Flanagan;  Vice 
President  (English).  Miss  Mabel  K.  Holt;  Vice- 
President  (French),  Rev.  Soeur  Valerie  de  la 
Sagesse:  Honourary  Secretary.  Mile  Alice  Al- 
l>ert;  Honourary  Treasurer.  Miss  Fanny  Mun- 
roe;  Members  irithouf  Office:  Misses  Marion 
Nash.  Mary  Ritchie.  Miles  Roy.  Trudel.  Giroux: 
Advisory  Board:  Misses  Jean  S.  Wilson. 
Margaret  L.  Moag.  Catherine  M.  Ferguson, 
Marion  Lindeburgh.  Miles  Anysie  Deland. 
Maria  Beaumier.  Edna  Lynch:  Conveners  of 
Sections:  General  Nursing  (English).  To  he 
appointed;  General  Nursing  (French),  Mile 
.Anne-Marie  Robert,  5484-A  rue  St.  Denis. 
Montreal:  Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing  (Eni;- 
y\<b).  Miss  Martha  Batson.  Montreal  General 
Hospital;  Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing 
(French).  Rev.  Soeur  Mance  Decary.  Hopital  No- 
tre-Danie.  Montreal:  Public  Health  (English), 
Miss  Kathleen  Dickson.  Royal  Edward  Institute. 
Montreal:  Public  Health  (French).  Mile  Annon- 
ciade  Martineau.  1034  rue  St.  Denis.  Apt.  6. 
Montreal:  Board  of  Examiners:  Miss  Mary 
Mathewson  (convener).  Misses  Katie  S.  An- 
nesley.  Madeleine  Flander.  Miles  Alexina  Mar- 
chessault.    .^nysie  Deland.   Suzanne   Giroux:    Exp- 


138 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


cutive  Secretary,  Registrar,  and  Official  School 
Visitor,  Miss  E.  Frances  Upton,  Room  1019,  Me- 
dical Arts  Bldg.,  15S8  Sherbrooke  St.  West. 
Montreal. 

SASKATCHEWAN 

Saskatchewan    Registered   Nuraea   Aawciatiwi 
(Incorporated    1917) 

President.  Miss  M.  Diederich.s,  Regina  Grey 
Nuns  Hospital;  First  Vice-President,  Miss  M. 
Ingham,  Moose  Jaw  General  Hospital;  Second 
Vice-President,  Miss  E.  Pearston,  Melfort;  Coun- 
cillors :  Miss  M.  E.  Grant,  922-9th  Ave.  N., 
Saskatoon;  Miss  M.  Pierce,  Wolseley;  Chairmen 
of  Sections:  General  Nursing,  Miss  R.  Wozny, 
2216    Smith    St..    Regina;    Hospital   &    School   of 


Nursing,  Miss  A.  F.  Lawrie,  Regina  General 
Hospital:  Public  Health,  Miss  Gladys  McDonald. 
6  Mayfair  Apts.,  Regina;  Secretary-Treasurer, 
Registrar  and  Advisor,  Schools  for  Nurses,  Mia* 
K.  W.  Ellis,  University  of  Saskatchewan,  Sn» 
katoon. 

Regina    Registered    Nurses    Association 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  A.  Lawrie;  Pres.,  Miss  K. 
Morton ;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  R.  Simpson ;  Sec,  MIm 
E.  Howard.  General  Hospital;  Treas.  &  Re 
gistrar.  Miss  L.  Dahl;  Conveners:  Registry,  Mlsa 
L.  Lynch;  Membership,  Miss  K.  McLachlan;  En 
tertainment.  Miss  Spelliscy;  General  Nursing. 
Miss  R.  Wozny;  Public  Health,  Miss  F.  Dean: 
Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  M.   Zens. 


Alumnae  Associations 


ALBERTA 

A. A.,    Calgary    General     Hopital,     Calgary 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  S.  Macdonald;  Pres.,  Mrs.  T. 
L.  O'Keefe;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrsc  A.  E.  War- 
rington; Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  H.  Buckmaster: 
Corn  Sec,  Mrs.  F.  Wotherspoon,  I215-9th  St.  W.; 
Rec.  Sec,  Mrs.  A.  Mclntyre;  Treas.,  Mrs.  C. 
Parks;  Press,  Mrs.  D.  O.  Macko;  Membership, 
Mrs.   E.   Donnison. 

A. A.,    Holy    Cross    Hospital,    Calgary 

President,  Miss  Ruth  Turnbull;  First  Vice- 
President,  Miss  Gertrude  Thorne;  Second  Vice- 
President.  Miss  Margaret  Bella :  Recording  Se- 
cretary. Mrs.  A.  Kloepfer;  Corresponding  Secre- 
tary, Mrs.  C.  Harrison,  412-2lst  Avenue,  N.W.. 
Treasurer,  Mrs.  Elaine  S.  Clarke, 

A.A.,  Edmonton  General  Hospital,  Edmonton 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sr.  M.  O'Grady,  Sr.  F.  Neuhausel; 
Pres.,  Miss  E.  Bietsch;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  R. 
Price;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  J.  Slavik,  E.G.H.;  Rec. 
.Sec.  Miss  A.  Strochinski;  Treas.,  Miss  E. 
Wallsmith;  Private  Duty,  Miss  M.  Hozak;  Visit- 
ing Committee:  Misses  Nelson,  Deschatelets ; 
Standing  Committee:  Misses  Kuntz,  Beaton, 
Barden,   Ryan,   Mrs.   Lowing. 

A. A.,    Royal   Alexandra   Hospital,    Edmonton 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  M.  Eraser;  Pres.,  Miss  L. 
Einarson ;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  J.  F.  Thomp- 
son ;  Sec  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  A.  Anderson ;  Rec. 
Sec.  Mrs.  R.  Boyd;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  M.  Sis- 
sons,  Royal  Alexandra  Hospital;  Treas.,  Miss 
R.  Cameron;  Committee  Conveners:  Program, 
Miss  V.  Chapman;  Visiting,  Mrs.  Jones;  Social, 
Miss  A.  Lysne;  News  Letter,  Miss  1.  Brewster; 
Executive:  Misses  M.  Griffiths,  H.  Molofee, 
Mrs.  Sandrocks;  Benefit,  Miss  L  Johnson; 
Scholarship,    Miss    K.    Brighty. 

A.A.,     Uaiversity    of    Alberta    Hospital,    BdmontOB 

Honourary  President.  Miss  Helen  S.  Peters 
President,  Mrs.  D.  Payment;  Vice-President 
Miss  S.  Greene:  Recording  Secretary,  Mrs.  A 
Ward;  Corresponding  Secretary.  Mrs.  S.  Gra 
ham.  10448-1 26th  Street;  Treasurer,  Miss  D 
Wright;  Executive  Committee:  Mrs.  W.  Slean 
Miss  K.  Chapman,  Miss  B.  Fane.  Miss  D.  Hay 
cock. 

A. A.,   Lamont   Public   Hospital,   Lamont 

Honourary  President.  Mi.ss  F.  E.  Welsh, 
Goderlch.  Ont:  President.  Mrs.  R.  H.  Shears; 
First  Vice-President,  Mrs.  G.  Archer:  Second 
Vice-President.  Mrs.  G.  Harrolld;  Secretary- 
Treasurer,  Mrs.  B.  I.  Love.  Elk  Island  National 


Park,  Lamont;  News  Editor,  Mrs.  Peterson, 
Hardisty;  Convener,  Social  Committee.  Miss  C. 
Stewart. 

A. A.,     Vegreville     General     Hospital,     Vegrevitlc 

Hon.  President,  Sister  Anna  Keoliane;  Hon. 
Vice-President,  Sister  J.  Boisseau ;  President, 
Mrs.  Stanley  Walker,  Vegreville;  Vice-President, 
Mrs.  Rennie  Landry,  Vegreville;  Secretary- 
Treasurer,  Miss  Annie  Askin,  Box  213,  Vegre 
ville;    Visiting   Committee    (chosen    monthly). 


BRITISH  COLUMBIA 

A. A.,    St.    Paul's    Hospital,    Vancouver 

Hon.  Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Phillipe;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Columbkille;  Pres.,  Miss  J. 
Mitchell;  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  F.  Engby;  Sec,  Miss 
B.  Falk,  3776-33  Ave.  W;  Treas.,  Miss  E.  Atter- 
bine;  Registrar,  Miss  Stewart;  Committee  Con- 
veners: Social,  Miss  Walters;  Program,  Miss  M. 
Bell;  Visiting,  -Miss  McCauley;  Mutual  Benefit, 
Miss  McGee ;  Press,  Miss  N.  Johnson ;  Rep.  to 
The   Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  C.   Bryant. 

A. A..   Vancouver  General    Hospital,   Vancouver 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  G.  Fairley;  Pres..  Miss  P. 
Innes;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  L.  Creelman;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  A.  Grundy;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  N. 
Cunningham;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  L.  Lore,  1589  E. 
Broadway;  Treas.,  Mrs.  F.  L.  Faulkner;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  Mutual  Benefit,  Miss  M.  Ed- 
wards; Visiting,  Mrs.  M.  Appleby;  Social,  Mrs. 
G.  E.  Gillies;  Membership,  Miss  W.  Neen;  Re- 
freshment, Miss  S.  McDiarmid;  Program,  Mrs. 
R.  .Stevens;  Rep.  to  Press,  Miss  M.  Mcdonnell. 

A. A.,    Royal    Jubilee    Hospital,    Victoria 

President,  Mrs.  J.  H.  Russell;  Fir«t  Vice-Prea 
Mrs.  D.  Hunter;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Dick 
son;  Sec,  Mrs.  J.  A.  McCague,  1046  View  St. 
Assist.  Sec.  Mrs.  Shea;  Treas..  Mrs.  McConnell 
Committee  Conveners:  Social,  Mrs.  D.  McLoud 
Visiting,  Miss  F.  Ferguson ;  Press,  Mrs.  Ban 
yard:  Bursary  Committee:  Misses  Putinan,  Dick 
son.  Herbert,  Mmes  Leal,  McLoud. 

A. A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    Victoria 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sr,  M.  Alfreda;  Hon.  Vice-Pres.. 
Sr.  M.  Gregory;  Pres.,  Mrs.  E.  Corbett;  First 
Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  M.  Gilmore;  Sec.  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  M.  Murphy;  Rec  Sec,  Miss  H.  Cruickshank, 
910  Market  St.;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  L.  Duggan: 
Treas..  Miss  F.  Cramplon;  Councillors:  Mines.  F. 
Bryant.  J.  Moore.  I.  Moore,  Miss  H.  Barrow; 
Pre*:  Mrs.  E.  Gandy:  Vifitint,  Misses  D.  Dlxoa. 
A.  Osborne-Smlth. 


OFFICIAL   DIRECTORY 


139 


MANITOBA 


A.A.,   St.   Bonifac*  Hotpiul,   St.   Bonifac* 

Hon.  President.  ReT.  Sister  Superior;  Hon. 
Vice-President,  Mrs.  F.  Crosby:  President.  Mrs, 
W.  McElheron;  First  Vice-President.  Miss  A. 
Danileritch;  Second  Vice-President.  Miss  W. 
Grice;  Rec.  Sec,  Mrs.  F.  Eastwood,  Jr.;  Corr. 
Secretar>',  Miss  M.  Alexander,  Ste.  58,  Roslyn 
Apts.,  Winnipeg;  Treas..  Miss  M.  Wastle; 
Committee  Conveners:  Social,  Miss  J.  Aubin; 
Memberthip,  Miss  R.  Toupin;  Visiting,  Mas 
M.  Treasure;  Press,  Mrs.  E.  Dwyer;  Repre- 
sentatives to:  il. A.R.N. ,  Miss  A.  Laporte;  The 
Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  R.  Luchulc;  Directory 
Committee  of  M.A.R.N.,  Mrs.  B.  Schoemperlen ; 
Local  Council  of  Women,  Mrs.   C.   Hall. 


A. A.,    Children's    Hotpital,    Winnipeg 

Pres.,  Mrs.  W.  Stewart;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss 
M.  Perley;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  E.  Hyndman;  Corr. 
Sec,  Miss  E.  Young,  91  Home  St.;  Treas.,  Miss 
B.  Tliain,  21  Stratford  Hall;  Conveners:  Program, 
Miss  M.  Smith;  Ways  &  Means,  Mrs.  H.  Moore; 
Visiting  &  Red  Cross,  Mrs.  Campbell:  Member- 
ship, Miss  R.  Hutton;  News  Editor,  Mrs.  G.  Jack. 


A. A.,    Winnipeg    General    Hospital,    Winnipeg 

Hon.  Pres.,  Mrs.  A.  W.  Moody:  Pres.,  Miss  I. 
McDiarmid;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  C.  Lethbridge; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  T.  Wiggins;  Third  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  E.  Wilson;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  J.  Smith;  Corr. 
Sec,  Miss  T.  Fredriclcson,  630  Maryland  St.; 
Treas.,  Miss  F.  Stratton;  Committee  Conveners: 
Program,  Mrs.  W.  H.  Anderson ;  Membership, 
Miss  B.  V.  Seeman;  Visiting,  Mrs.  J.  F.  Page; 
Journal,  Mrs.  W.  G.  Beaton ;  School  of  Nursing, 
Miss  G.  Hall;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  H. 
Smith ;  Central  Directory,  Miss  A.  Howard ; 
Archivist,  Miss  M.  Stewart;  Jubilee,  Miss  P. 
Bonner;  Council  of  Women,  Miss  M.  McGilvray: 
Council  of  Social  Agencies,  Miss  B.  McClung. 


NEW   BRUNSWICK 

A. A.,     Saint     Jolin     General     Hospital,     Saint     John 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  E.  Mltchel;  Pres..  Mrs.  G. 
Lewin;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  H.  Ellis;  Sec 
Vice-Pres..  Miss  S.  Hartley;  Sec,  Miss  S. 
Turnbull.  Saint  John  General  Hospital:  Treas., 
Miss  R.  Wilson;  Committee  Conveners:  En- 
tertainment, Mmes  O.  Fowler,  R.  Dick.  Miss 
M.  Barker;  Refreshments,  Mrs.  L.  Dunlop, 
Miss  A.  Carney;  Flower,  Mrs.  F.  McKelTey, 
Miss    A.    Carney. 

A.A.,   L.    P.    Fisher   Memorial    Hospital,    Woodstock 

President,  Mrs.  Hebec  Inghram;  Vice-Pre.si- 
dent,  Mrs.  Wendall  Slipp,  Chapel  Street;  Se- 
cretarj'.  Mrs.  .\rthur  Peabody;  Treasurer,  Miss 
Nellie  Wallace;  Executive  Committee:  Miss  Mar- 
garet Parker.  Miss  Evelyn  Briggs,  Miss  Mabel 
Howe. 


NOVA    SCOTIA 

A. A..     Glare     Bay     General     Hospital,     Glace     Bay 

Pres..  Mrs.  F.  MacKinnion;  First  Vloe-Pres^ 
Mrs.  W.  MacPherson:  Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Mrs. 
H.  Spencer:  Rec.  Sec.  Miss  B.  MacKeniie;  Corr. 
Sec.  Miss  F.  Anderson,  General  Hospital: 
Treas..  Miss  W.  MacLeod;  Committet  Convnen: 
Executive,  Miss  C.  Roney:  Visiting,  Mrs.  O. 
Turner:    Finance,    Miss    A.    Beaton. 


A.A.,    Halifax    Infirmary,    Halifax 

Pres.,  Mrs.  Alec  Chaisson :  Vice-Pres.,  Miss 
Isabel  O'Reilly:  Rec.  Sec.  Miss  Joan  Story; 
Corr.  Sec.  Mrs.  Arthur  Gauld.  118  Cedar  St.; 
Treas..  Miss  Hilda  Hamish;  Committee  Con- 
veners: Visiting,  Miss  Annie  Murphy;  Enter- 
tainment, Mrs.  John  O'Neill:  Press,  Miss  Doro- 
thy MacDonald:  Nominating,  Mrs.  Roy  Sulli- 
van ;    Librarian,    Miss    Dorothy    Turner. 


A. A.,     Victoria     General     Hospital,     Halifax 

Pres.,  Miss  Agnes  Cox.  Tuberculosis  Hospi- 
tal; Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  E.  MacQuade;  Sec,  Miss 
Grace  Porter.  267  South  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  Helen 
Joncas,  Victoria  General  Hospital;  Committee 
Conveners:  Entertainment,  Misses  M.  Ripley,  A. 
Power;  Refreshments,  Mrs.  Cullen,  Miss  Ger- 
▼aise;  Visitinff,  Misses  G.  Byers,  H.  Watson; 
Private   Duty,    Miss    Isobel    Macintosh. 


ONTARIO 


A.A.,     Belleville    General     Hospiul,    Bellcvili* 

Pres.,  Miss  D.  Williams;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss 
N.  DiCola;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Peacock; 
Sec.  Miss  Edna  Sullivan,  General  Ho.spital; 
Treas..  Miss  M.  Leury;  Registrar,  Miss  M.  Dun- 
can; Committee  Conveners:  Flowers,  Miss  D. 
Hogle;  Social,  Miss  D.  Warren;  Program,  MLss 
M.  Fitzgerald;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse  k 
Press,    Miss    M.    Plumton. 

A. A.,      Brantford      General      Hospital,      Brentford 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  E.  McKee;  Pres.,  Mrs.  S. 
BarJ«r:  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  A.  Grierson;  Sec,  Miss 
I,  Feely,  General  Hospital ;  Treas.,  Miss  J.  Rou- 
sell;  Committee  Conveners:  Social,  Mrs.  G. 
Thompson,  Miss  M.  Robertson;  Flower,  Misses  N. 
Vardley,  R.  Moffat;  Gift,  Misses  K.  Charnley,  H. 
Muir;  Reps,  to:  The  Canadian  Nurse  &  Press, 
Miss  M.  Copeland;  Private  Duty  Section,  Miss  E. 
Scott;  Local  Council  of  Women,  Mmes  W.  Rid- 
doUi,  A.  MIzon,  R.  Smith;  Red  Cross,  Miss  E. 
Lewis. 


A. A.,    Brockville    General    Hospital,    Brockville 

Hon.  Presidents,  Misses  A.  Shannette,  K. 
.Moffatt;  Pres..  Mrs.  M.  White;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Mrs.  W.  Cooke;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  L.  Merkley; 
Sec,  Miss  H.  Corbett,  127  Pearl  St.  E.;  Ass 
Sec,  Mrs.  E.  Finlay;  Treas..  Mrs.  H.  Vandusen : 
Committee  Conveners:  Social,  Mrs.  H.  Green; 
Flower,  Miss  Kendrick;  Program,  Mrs.  Derry; 
Rep.   to  The  Canadian  Nurse,   Miss  Corbett. 

A.A.,  Public  General  Hospital,  Chatham 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  P.  Campbell:  Pres.,  Miss  L. 
Hastings;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  F.  Armstrong; 
Rec.  Sec,  Miss  V.  Cames;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  M. 
Gilbert,  104  Harvey  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  J.  Rickard; 
Committees:  Flowers:  Miss  Malott;  Social:  Miss 
Purcell,  Mrs.  Goldrick;  Refreshments:  Mrs. 
Bourne,  Miss  Houston;  Councillors:  Misses  Head, 
Dyer,  Baird,  McNaughton ;  Reps,  to  Press:  Miss 
Patterson;   The  Canadian  Nurse:  Miss  L.  Smyth. 


A.A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    Chatham 

Hon.  Pres.,  Mother  M.  Pascal;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Sister  M.  St.  Anthony;  President,  Miss 
Hazel  Gray;  First  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  A.  E.  Ro- 
i)erts;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  May  Boyle;  Secre- 
tary-Treasurer, Miss  Mary-Clare  Zink,  4  Rottert- 
son  Ave.;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  Anne  Kenny;  Repre- 
sentative to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Ursula 
O'Neill. 


140 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


A.A.,     Cornwall     General      Hospital,     Cornwall 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  H.  C.  Wilson;  Pres.,  Miss  E. 
Allen;  F"irst  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  M.  Quail;  Sec- 
Treas.,  Miss  G.  Meyer.  General  Hospital;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  Program,  Miss  M.  Summers; 
Social  Finance,  Miss  M.  Franklin;  Flower:  Miss 
E.  Rustin,  Miss  G.  Meyer;  Visiting:  Mrs.  Wa- 
goner, Mrs.  Frayne;  Membership.  Miss  G.  Rowe; 
Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nitrse,  Miss  B.  Kinkaid. 


A. A.,     Kingston     General      Hospital,      Kingston 

Honourary  President,  Miss  L.  Acton ;  Presi- 
dent, Mrs.  F.  Atack;  First  Vice-President,  Mrs. 
Graham  Campbell;  Second  Vice-President,  Misa 
E.  Freeman;  Secretary,  Mrs.  C.  Rideau,  811 
Johnston  St.;  Treasurer,  Mrs.  C.  W.  Mallory, 
17«  Alfred  St.;  Ass.  Treas.,  Miss  P.  Timmer- 
man.  K.G.H.:  Press  Representative,  Miss  Mae 
Porter,   K.G.H. 


A.A.,    Gait    Hospital,     Gait 

President,  Mrs.  E.  D.  Scott;  Vice-President, 
Miss  Hazel  Blagden ;  Secretary,  Mrs.  A.  Bon:l. 
General  Hospital;  Treasurer,  Mrs.  W.  Bell;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  Social,  Miss  Claire  Murphy; 
Flower,  Miss  L.  MacNair;  Press,  Mrs.  J.  M. 
Byrne. 


A. A.,    Guelph    General    Hospital,    Guelph 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  S.  A.  Campbell;  Pres.,  Miss 
L.  Ferguson:  First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  F.  C.  Mc- 
Leod ;  Sec,  Miss  K.  Laird,  General  Hospital; 
Treas..  Miss  M.  Featherstone ;  Committees:  Social, 
Miss  M.  Doughty;  Program:  Misses  M.  Norrish. 
C.  Ziegler,  E.  Wanless,  E.  Lunau;  Flower,  Miss 
H.  Hall;  Hep.  to  The  Canadian  A'urse,  Miss  E. 
I.iphardt. 


A. A.,     St.    Joseph's     Hospital,     Guelph 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sr.  M.  Augustine;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Sr.  M.  Dominica ;  Pres.,  Miss  Doris  Mil- 
ton;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Eva  Murphy;  Rec.  Sec. 
Miss  B.  Kadwell;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  Anna  M. 
Merringer,  St.  Joseph's  Hospital;  Treas.,  Miss 
H.  Harding;  Convener  of  Social  Committee, 
Mrs.  T.  McCorkindale;  Representative  to  The 
Canadian    Nvrse,    Mi.ss    A.    Herringer. 


A. A.,   Hamilton  General   Hospital,   Hamilton 

Hon.  Piesident,  Miss  C.  E.  Brewster;  Presi- 
dent, Miss  M.  0.  Watson ;  First  Vice-President, 
Miss  M.  Watt;  Second  Vice-President,  Miss  N. 
Coles;  Recording  Secretary,  Mrs.  H.  Roy;  Cor- 
responding Secretary,  Miss  E.  Ferguson,  Ha- 
milton General  Hospital;  Treasurer,  Mrs.  W. 
N.  Paterson.  114  Traymore  St.;  Secretary -Treas- 
urer, Mutual  Benefit  .Association,  Miss  H.  Sa- 
bine, 132  Ontario  Ave.;  Committee  Conveners: 
Executive.  Miss  E.  Bingeman ;  Social,  Miss  H.  G. 
McCulloch;  Flotcers,  Miss  G.  Servos;  Budget, 
Mrs.   H.   Roy. 


A. A.,     Kitchener    and     Waterloo     General     Hospital, 
Kitchener 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  K.  W.  Scott;  Pres.,  Mrs.  H. 
Christner;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  G.  Cornwall; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  R.  Bagshaw;  Sec,  Miss  0. 
Daitz,  K.  &  W.  Hospital;  Treas.,  Miss  E.  Janzen; 
Committee  Conveners:  Program,  Miss  L.  Daniel; 
Social,  Mrs.  R.  Hodd;  Plovers,  Misses  M.  Mc- 
Manus,  M.  McLean;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian 
Nurse.  Miss  A.  Leslie. 


A. A.,    St.    Mary's    Hospital,    Kitchener 

Hon.  Pres..  Sister  M.  Gerard;  Hun.  Vice-Pres. 
Sister  M.  Geraldine;  Pres..  Miss  E.  Knipfel: 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  J.  Pickard;  Rec.  Sec.  .Mrs.  N 
Schmidt;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  H.  Stumpf.  67  Merino 
St.,  Waterloo;  Treas..  Miss  M.  Brand:  Represen 
tative  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  E.  Taggart. 
32    Mill    St..    Kitchener. 


A. A.,     Ross     Memorial     Hospital,     Lindsay 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  S.  Ueid:  Pres..  Mrs.  M. 
Thurston :  First  Vicerre.«..  .Miss  G.  Lehigh:  Soc.. 
Miss  Doris  Currins.  Lindsay.  R.R.  6;  Tieas..  .Mrt 
U.  Cres^well :  CommiHee  Conveners:  I'nii/nim  ■ 
Mi.sses  Harriing,  Wilson;  Refreshments:  .Mi.s^p* 
Stewart.  Kirley;  Flowers,  Miss  .\I.  Brackeni  idgi- : 
Press.  Miss  B.  Owen:  Red  Cross  Supply,  .Miss  \ 
Flett. 

A.A.,    St.    Joseph's     Hospital,    London 

Hon.  Pres.,  Mother  M.  Theodore;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Sister  M.  Ruth;  Pres.,  Miss  I.  Griffin; 
First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Russell;  Sec.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Miss  A.  Kelly;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  M.  Best, 
579  Waterloo  St.;  Rec.  Sec,  Mi.ss  B.  Crawford; 
Treas.,  Miss  A.  Schweitzer;  Committee  Con- 
veners: Social:  Misses  M.  Ings.  M.  Kelly;  Fi- 
nance: Misses  M.  Etue,  O.  O'Neil;  Reps,  to  Re- 
gistry: Misses  M.  Baker,  E.  Beger;  Press.  Mi.s.s 
M.   Regan. 


A. A.,   St.   Joseph's   Hospital,   Hatnilt«a 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sr.  M.  Alphonsa;  Pres.,  Mrs.  B. 
Markle;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  B.  Cocker;  Treas., 
Miss  L.  Curry;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  F.  Nicholson: 
Corr.  Sec,  Miss  E.  Moran,  95  Victoria  Ave.  S. ; 
Executive:  Mis.ses  Crane.  Dynes,  Miller,  McMa- 
namy,  Hayes,  Quinn,  Markle,  Neal;  Entertain 
ment,  Mi.ss  A.  Williams:  Rep.  to  The  Canadian 
Nurse,    Miss   J.    Stevenson. 


A. A.,   Victoria   Hospital,   London 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  H.  M.  Stuart;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Mrs.  A.  E.  Silverwood ;  Pres..  Miss  G. 
Krskine:  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Stevenson; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  A.  Mallock;  Rec.  Sec, 
Miss  A.  Versteeg:  Corr.  Sec,  Mrs.  M.  Ripley, 
422  Central  Ave.;  Treas.,  Miss  E.  O'Rourke,  188 
Colbourne  St. ;  Publications :  Misses  L.  MacGu- 
gan,   E.   Stephens. 


A. A. 


Niagara    Falls    General     Hospital, 
Niagara    Falls 


A. A.,    Hotel-Dieu,    Kingston 

Hon.  I'lesidents.  Rev  Sr.  Rouble.  Mrs.  W. 
Elder;  Pres..  Mrs.  W.  H.  Lawler:  Finst  Vice- 
Pres..  Mrs.  V.  Fallon:  Sec  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  C. 
Keller;  f'CC.  Miss  M.  Flood.  ."JSn  Brock  St.:  Sec.- 
Treas..  Miss  D.  McGuire:  Committees:  Execu- 
tive: Mines  Elder.  .Ahern.  Hickey,  Miss  K.  Mc- 
Garry;  Visiting:  Miss  A.  O'Connell,  Mrs.  A. 
Thompson;  Social:  Misses  J.  Carty,  M.   Hinch. 


Hon.  Pres..  Miss  .M.  Park; 
Mylchreest;  Hon.  Vice-Pres., 
nan;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  D.  Scott; 
W.  McCarthy,  SSI  McRae  St.: 
W.  Dunn;  Committee  Conveners:  Visitinfj.  Miss 
R.  Thompson:  Educational.  Miss  V.  Wigley; 
Membership.  Miss  M.  LeMay;  Representative 
to  The  Canadian  Nurse  &  R.N.A.O..  Miss  1 
Hammond. 


Pres..  .Mrs.  H. 
Miss  M.  Bucha- 
R.  Livingstone: 
Sec-Treas..  Mrs. 
Corr.    Sec.    Mr«. 


OFFICIAL   DIRECTORY 


141 


A.A..    Orillia    Soldieri'     Memorial     Hospital,    Orillia 

Honourary  Presidents,  Miss  E.  Johnston,  Miss 
0.  Waterman:  Presideni.  Mrs.  Ji.  Hannaford; 
Vice-Presidents,  Miss  C.  Buie.  Miss  M.  MacLel- 
land;  Treasurer,  Miss  L.  V.  MacKenzie,  21  Wil- 
liam St.;  Secretary.  Miss  Muriel  Givens.  23  Albert 
St.:  Directors:  Misses  S.  Dudenhoffer.  B.  McFad- 
den,  G.  Adams;  Auditors:  Miss  F.  Rot)ertsOB. 
Mrs     H.    Burnet. 


A. A.,   Oshawa  General   Hospital.   Oshawa. 

Hon.  Presidents,  Misses  E.  MacWilliams,  B. 
Bell.  E.  Stuart;  Pres..  Miss  M.  Green;  First 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  P.  Richardson ;  Sec.  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  M.  Gibson:  Sec,  Miss  M.  Anderson;  Corr. 
Sec.  Miss  L.  McKnigrht.  39  Eljfin  St.  E. ;  Treas., 
Miss  A.  Knott:  Committee  Conveners:  Program, 
Miss  H.  Trew,  Social,  Miss  D.  Brown;  Rep.  to 
The  Canadian   yurse.  Miss  W.  Werry. 


A. A..    Lady    Stanley    Institute     (Incorporated     1918) 
Ottawa 

Hon.  Pres..  Mrs.  W.  S.  Lyman;  Pres..  Mrs. 
W.  E.  Caven;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  G.  Halpenny; 
Sec,  Mrs.  P.  R.  Grant.  74  Byron  Ave.;  Treas., 
Mrs.  G.  C.  Bennett:  Board  of  Directors:  Mrs. 
Waddell,  Misses  McNiece,  McGibbon.  Flack; 
Flower  Convener,  Miss  E.  Booth;  Representatives 
to:  Press.  Miss  G.  Halpenny;  Registry:  Misses 
M.  Slinn.  E.  Curry;  The  Catiadian  Nurse,  Mrs. 
V.   Boles. 


A. A.,    Ottawa    Civic    Hospital,    Ottawa 


Mrs.  Chas.  W.  Johnston,  288-llth  Street.  Weat; 
Representative  to  R.N.A.O..  Miss  Dorothy  Robin- 
son.   First    Avenue.    West. 


.\.A.,    Nicholls    Hospiul,    Peterborough. 

Hon.  Pres.,  Mrs.  E.  M.  Leeson,  Miss  E.  G. 
Voung;  Pres..  Miss  Lottie  Ball;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  D.  E.  MacBuen;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  J. 
Preston ;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  Florence  Scott ;  Corr. 
Sec,  Miss  A.  MacKenzie,  75S  George  St.;  Treas., 
Miss  Isobel  King,  210  Antrim  St.;  Social  Con- 
veners: Mrs.  V.  Janeway,  Miss  S.  Trotter; 
Flower  Convener,  Miss   Mae   Stone. 


A. A.,     St.     Joseph's     Hospital,     Port     Arthur 

Honourary  President.  Rct.  Motlier  Camillus. 
Honourarj-  Vice-President,  Rev.  Sister  Sheila: 
President.  Mrs.  Jack  Tiskey;  Vice-President 
Miss  Cecila  Kelly;  Secretary,  Mrs.  Jack  Weir 
419  Ambrose  St.;  Treasurer,  Miss  Millie  Keid : 
Exerutive:  Misses  .\ili  Johnson.  Lucy  Miocioh. 
Olive  Thompson,  Isabel   Hamer.   Mrs.  AV.   Geihles 


A. A.,    Sarnia    General    Hospital,    Sarnia 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  D.  Shaw;  Pres.,  M1.<m 
Frances  Harris;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  .\.  McMillen; 
Sec,  Miss  Jean  Anderson.  230  Cromwell  St.; 
Treas.,  Miss  J.  Cairns;  Committee  Convtnert: 
Program,  Miss  D,  Cluskey;  Social,  Miss  J 
Revington  ;  Flower  and  Visiting,  Mi.ss  M. 
Thompson:  Alumnae  Room,  Mi.ss  D.  Shaw; 
Representative  to  The  Canadian  Nurse  K  Pre**. 
Mrs.    M.    Elrick. 


Hon.  I'lesident.  .Mi.ss  G.  M.  Bennett:  Presi- 
dent. Miss  D.  Ogilvie:  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  G. 
Wilson:  .<ec  Vice-Pres..  Miss  C.  Wilcox;  Rec. 
Sec.  .Miss  1..  Gouriav:  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  N.  Ro- 
binson, O.C.H. :  Treas.;  Miss  D.  Johnston,  08  llol 
land  Ave.;  Councillors:  Mrs.  H.  B.  Kidd.  Misses 
G.  Moorhead,  G.  Ferguson,  F.  McLeo  1,  M.  Steen. 
R.  Graham:  Committee  Conveners:   Flower,  Miss 

B.  RoTldeaux;  Visiting:  Mrs.  E.  Voung.  Miss 
H.  King;  Representatives  to  Central  Registry: 
Misses    R.    Alexan.ier,    O.    Bradlev.    E.    Graydon. 

C.  McLeod. 


A. A..      Stratford      General      Hospital,     Stratford 

Honourary  President.  Miss  A.  M.  Munn; 
President,  Miss  Annie  Ballantyne.  General 
Hospital:  Secretary,  Mrs.  Viola  Byrick,  303 
Huron  Street;  Treasurer.  Miss  Jean  WatsoH. 
General  Hospital;  Committee  Conveners  :  Social, 
Miss  Bernice  Moore;  Assists:  Miss  L.  Attwo<id. 
Miss  M.  Mackenzie;  Flower  and  Gifts,  Misa 
M.    Murr. 


A. A.,   Ottawa   General   Hospital,   Ottawa 

Hon.  President.  Rev.  Sr.  Flavie  Domitille;  Hon. 
Vice.-Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  Helen  of  Rome;  Pres..  Miss 
Viola  Foran;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  Alice  Proulx; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Rose  Therien ;  Secretary- 
Treasurer.  Miss  Lucille  Brule.  95  Glen  Ave. : 
Membership  Secretary.  Miss  Florence  Lepine; 
Councillors:  Mmes  E.  Viau.  L.  Dunn,  Misses  E. 
Byrne,   M.   Prindeville.  J.   Larochelle. 


A. A.,   Mack    Training    School,    St.   Catharines 

President,  Miss  Evelyn  Buchanan;  First  Vice- 
President,  Miss  Kionier;  Second  Vice-President, 
Miss  Ulpt;  Secretary.  Miss  Sayus,  General  Hos- 
pital ;  Treasurer,  Sfiss  McMahon ;  Committee 
Conveners:  Program,  Miss  J.  Turner;  Social, 
Miss  Hastie;  Visiting,  Miss  Klrkpatrick;  Re- 
presentatives to:  Press,  Miss  H.  Brown;  The 
Canadian    Nurse,    Miss    A.    Brubaker. 


A. A.,     St.     Luke's     Hospital,    Ottawa 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  Maxwell,  O.B.E.;  Pres. 
Mrs.  W.  H.  Johnston;  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  J.  Prit- 
chard:  Sec,  Mrs.  J.  Hall,  17  Openago  Rd.; 
Treas.,  Mrs.  J.  W.  Shore;  Committees:  Flowers: 
Misses  Lewis,  Craig:  Refreshments:  Misses  Nel- 
son, .Mien;  Reps,  to:  Central  Registry:  Mrs. 
Brown.  Miss  Heron:  Loral  Council  of  Women. 
Mrs.  Mothersill;   Press,  Mi.ss  Johnston. 


A. A.,    St.    Thomas   Memorial    Hospital,   St.    Thoiaas 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  J.  M.  Wilson:  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Miss  F.  Kudoha:  Pres..  Miss  E.  Stoddern; 
First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  E.  Ray:  Sec.  Mrs.  B. 
Davidson;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  E.  Dolds,  33  Welling- 
ton St.;  Treas.  Miss  P.  Howell;  Committee 
Conveners:  Social,  Miss  A.  Claypole;  Flower, 
Miss  M.  Broadlev:  Ways  &  Means.  Miss  A. 
Fryer:  Reps,  to  R.N.A.O.,  Miss  B.  McGee;  Press, 
Miss  E.  Jewell. 


A. A.,    Owen    Sound    General    and    Marine    Hospital. 
Owen    Soitnd 

Honourary  Presidents.  Miss  R.  Brown.  Miss  E. 
Webster;  President,  Miss  C.  McKeen;  First  Vice 
President.    Miss    V.    Read;    Secretary-Treasurer, 


A. A.,    Tlie    Grant    Macdonald    Training    School 
for    Nurses,    Toronto 

Honorary      President,     Miss     Pearl     Morrison; 
President.  Mrs.  E.  Jacques:   Vice  President,  Mlas 


142 


THE  CANADIAN  NURSE 


A.  Lendrum;  Recording  Secretary.  Mrs.  M. 
Smith,  180  Dunn  Avenue;  Corresponding  Secre- 
tary, Miss  Ivy  Ostic.  180  Dunn  Avenue;  Treas., 
Miss  Maud  Zufelt;  Social  Convener,  Miss  B 
Langdon. 


A. A..    Hospital    for    Sick    Childran.    Torooio 

Hon.  Presidents,  Mrs.  Goodson,  Miss  F.  J. 
Potts,  Miss  K.  Panton,  Miss  P.  B.  Austin,  Miss 
J.  I.  Masten;  Pres.,  Mrs.  A.  Russell;  First  Vice- 
Pres..  Mrs.  J.  L.  Richardson;  Sec.  Vice-Pres., 
Mrs.  D.  McKenzie;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  I.  Cation: 
Corr.  Sec.  Miss  H.  Clayton,  H.  S.  C;  Treas.. 
Miss  M.  Neilson,  H.  S.  C;  Ass.  Treas.,  Miss  M. 
St.   John,   388   Huron   St. 


A. A.,    Riverdale    Hospital,    Toronto 

Pres..  Mrs.  S.  J.  Hubbert;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  A.  Armstrong;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M. 
Thompson;  Sec.  Mrs.  H.  E.  Radford,  6  Neville 
Pk.  Blvd.;  Treas.,  Mrs.  T.  Fairbaim;  Conveners: 
Program,  Miss  Mathieson;  Visiting:  Mrs.  Spree- 
man.  Miss  M.  Thompson;  Reps,  to:  Press  &  Pub- 
licafion,  Miss  J.  Forbes;  R.N.A.O.,  Miss  O. 
Oerber;    The   Canadian    Nurse,   Miss    Armstrong. 


A. A.,   St.   Joseph's   Hospital,   Toronto 

Pres.,  Miss  T.  Hushin;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss 
M.  Goodfriend;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  V.  Smith; 
Rec.  Sec.  Miss  M.  Donovan ;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss 
M.  T.  Caden.  474  Vaughan  Rd.;  Treas.,  Miss  L. 
Hill;  Entertainment  Convener,  Mrs.  J.  Shapley; 
Program  Convener,  Miss  M.  Kelly;  Representa- 
tive  to  R.N.A.O.,  Miss   C.    Knaggs. 


A.A.,    St.    Michael's    Hoapiul,    Toronto 

Hon.  Pres..  Sister  Mary  of  the  Nativity;  Hon. 
Vice-Pres..  Sr.  Mary  Kathleen;  Pres..  Miss  Do- 
reen  Murphv;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  R.  Moore; 
Sec  Vice-Pres..  Miss  M.  Stone;  Rec  Sec.  Miss 
M.  McRjie:  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  M.  Hughes.  32  Glen- 
hohne  Ave.;  Treas..  Miss  C.  Cronin;  Councillon: 
Misses  L.  Regan.  E.  Crocker,  C.  Hammill;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  Press,  Miss  P.  Harding;  Mag. 
Editor,  Miss  M.Crowley;  Assoc.  Membership,  Mrs. 
R.  Slingerland;  Reps,  to:  Hospital  &  School  of 
Svrsing  Section,  Miss  G.  Murphy;  Public  Health 
Section,  Miss  L.  Larsen;  Local  Council  of  Wo- 
men, Mrs.  T.  Scully. 


A. A.,    School    of    Nursing,    University    of    Toronto, 
Toronto 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  E.  K.  Russell;  Hon.  Vice-Pres.. 
Miss  F.  H.  Emory;  Pres.,  Mrs.  M.  McCutcheon; 
First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  M.  Macfarland;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  E.  Crj'derman;  Sec,  Miss  M. 
Nicol,  226  St.  George  St.;  Treas..  Miss  D. 
McPherson ;  Committee  Conveners:  Membership, 
Mrs.  C.  Smith;  Endowment  Fund.  Miss  E. 
Eraser;  Program,  Miss  J.  Wilson;  Social,  Miss 
B.  Ross. 


A. A.,   Toronto   General    Hospital,   Toronto 

President.  Mrs.  E.  S.  Jeffrey;  First  Vice- 
President,  Miss  Ethel  Cryderman;  Second  Vice- 
President.  Mrs.  R.  F.  Cliisholm:  Secretary-Trea- 
surer, Mrs.  F.  B.  G.  Coombs.  1585  Bloor  St.  W.; 
Councillors:  Misses  Mabel  Cunningham.  Mary 
Meikle.  Christine  Wallace,  Mrs.  J.  B.  Wadland: 
Committee  Conveners:  Flower,  Miss  E.  Forgie; 
Soeial,  Miss  Dorothea  Lake:  Program.  Miss 
Maud  Fr\-:  Archives,  Miss  J.  M.  Kniseley:  "The 
Quarterly".   Mrs.    H.    E.   Wallace. 


A. A.    Training    School    for    Nurses    of    the    Toronto 

East    General    Hospital    with    which    is    incorposMted 

the    Toronto    Orthopedic    HosptuI,    Toronto 

Honourari-  President.  Miss  Ella  Macl.ean; 
President,  Miss  Claire  Patrick;  Secretary,  Mias 
Vera  Donnelly.  110  Victoria  Park  Avemie,  To 
ronto:    Treasurer.    Miss    Kathleen    Beaton. 

A. A.,    Toronto    Western    Hospital,    Toronto 

Hon.  Presidents,  Miss  B.  Ellis.  Mrs.  C.  J. 
Currie;  President,  Mrs.  Douglas  Chant;  Vice- 
President,  Miss  Mae  Palk;  Corresponding  Secret- 
ary, Miss  Isabel  Kee,  Nurses  Residence.  T.W.H.; 
Recording  Secretary,  Mrs.  Fooks;  Treasurer,  Miss 
Benita  Post.  Western  Hospital;  Representative 
to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Elizabeth  Westren. 


A. A..    Wellesley    Hospital,    Toronto 

lion.  Pres..  Miss  E.  K.  Jones;  Pres..  Miss  (5 
Bolton;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  J.  Harris;  .*?« 
Vice-Pres..  Miss  M.  Stanton;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  A 
Solomon.  2  Linden  St.;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss  (J 
Schwindt;  Treas..  Miss  G.  Shier;  Treas.  for  Sirh 
Benefit  Fund,  Miss  J.  Brown;  Genernl  Cummil 
tee:  Misses  E.  Cowen,  H.  Wark.  J.  L.-urd.  Mi« 
A.   Brymer. 


A. A..    Women's    College     Hospital,    Toronto 

Honourary  President,  Mrs.  Bowman;  llononrai; 
Vice-President,  Miss  H.  T.  Meiklejohn;  PresI 
dent.  Mrs.  S.  Hall.  86(5  Manning  Ave.  ; 
Recording  Secretary,  Miss  Isabel  Hall.  Women's 
College  Hospital;  Treasurer,  Miss  W.  Worth. 
93  Scarbora  Beach  Blvd.;  Representative  1<» 
The   Canadian   Nurse,   Miss   Mary   Chalk. 


A. A.,    Ontario    Hospital,    New    Toronto 

Hon.  Presidents.  Miss  E.  Rotliery.  Miss  (' 
Brock:  Pres..  Miss  E.  Moriarty;  First  Vice  Pre.*.. 
Miss  R.  Osborne:  Rec.  Sec.  Mi.ss  E.  McCalpln: 
Corr.  Sec,  Miss  L.  Chartrand.  Ontario  Ilo.spil.-il; 
Treas..  Mrs.  E.  Claxton;  Committee  Conveners- 
Program.  Miss  O.  Strand;  Social,  Miss  L.  Blair: 
Visiting  &  Flower,  Miss  E.  Alderton;  Rep.  to  Th* 
Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  M.  Garrett. 


AJi.,  Grac*   Hospiul,   Windsor 

President.  Adjutant  Gladys  Barker;  Vice 
President,  Miss  Phyllis  Hardcastle;  Secretary. 
Miss  Jeanette  Ferguson.  Grace  Hospital;  Treas- 
urer. Miss  Jean  Galloway;  Echoes'  Editor,  Ad- 
jutant Gladys  Barker. 

A.A.,     Hotel-Dieu.     Windsor 

Hon.  Pres.,  Rev.  Mother  Marie;  Hon.  Vice 
Pres..  Sr.  C.  Maitrr;  Pres..  Miss  J.  Thomas: 
First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  E.  Cox;  Sec.  Vice-Pre.*.. 
Miss  J.  Currv;  Sec.  Miss  A.  McNulty;  Corr. 
.<;ec..  Sr.  Marie  Roy.  Hfltel-Dieu;  Tre.-xs..  Miss 
L.  Arisenault;  Visiting  Committee:  Misses  M. 
May.    B.   Beuglet. 

A.A.,  General  Hospital,  Woodstock 

Pres..  Miss  Mary  Matheson;  Vice-Pres..  Mrs. 
Jack  Town;  Sec,  Miss  A.  Aitcheson;  A.ss.  Sec. 
Miss  M.  I.  Matheson;  Treas.,  Miss  A.  Arnott; 
Ass.  Treas..  Miss  K.  Mahon;  Corr.  Sec,  Mi.ss  E. 
Rickai<:i.  211  Wellington  St.;  Committee  Conve- 
ners: Flowers  &  Gifts:  Mi.sses  M.  Hodgins.  N. 
Smith;  Program,  Miss  M.  Gillespie;  Social,  Mrs. 
King;  Rep.  to  Press,  Miss  B.  Calvert. 


OFFICIAL     DIRECTORY 


143 


QUEBEC 


A. A..  Childr«n'i  MeinorUI   Ho«piul.  Montr««l 

Hon.  Presidents,  Misses  A.  S.  Kinder.  E.  Alex 
•  iider;  Pres..  Miss  J.  E.  Cochrane;  Vlce-Pres.. 
Miss  E.  Eraser ;  Sec..  Miss  M.  MacNaujht. 
Children's  .\femoriaI  Hospital;  Treas..  Miss  E. 
Richardson;  Committee  Convenen:  Social,  MIm 
M.  Robinson:  Visiting,  Miss  E.  Wilsey;  Repre- 
ientativet  to:  Private  Duty  Section,  Miss  A.  J. 
O'Dell:    The    Canadian    Nurse,    Miss    H.    Nuttall. 


Miss  F.  Munroe:  Second  Vice-President  .Miss  H. 
Sharpe;  Recording  Secretarj-.  MUs  K.  Stanton; 
Secretary-Treasurer,  Miss  G.  A.  K.  Moffat.  Royal 
Victoria  Hospital;  Board  of  Directors  fwithout 
office):  Miss  E.  C.  Flanagan.  Mrs.  E,  O'Brien; 
Conveners  of  Standing  Committees:  Finance, 
Mrs.  R.  Fetherstonhaugh ;  Program,  Miss  G. 
Yeats;  Scholarship,  Miss  H.  Sharpe;  General 
Nursing,  Mrs.  A.  F.  Robertson;  Convemrs  of 
Other  Committees:  Canteen,  Miss  B.  Carapbell; 
Red  Cross,  Mrs.  F.  E.  McKenty;  Visiting,  Mia*  K. 
Raid;  Representatives  to:  The  Canadian  Nttrs; 
Miss  G.  Martin;  Local  Council  of  Women,  Mrs. 
Vance  Ward.  Miss  K.  Dickson. 


A. A.,     Homoeopathic     Hospital.     Montreal 


Hon.  President.  Miss  Vera  Graham;  Pres..  Miss 
I.ininn  Athelstan;  Treas.,  Mrs.  Warren;  Sec. 
Miss  Jes-sle  Morris.  828  Desmarchais  Blvd.,  Ver- 
dun; Committee  Convemrs:  Sick  Benefit,  Mrs. 
Warren;  Visiting,  Miss  Currle:  Refreshment, 
Miss  Currie;  Program,  Miss  D.  Ward;  Reps,  to: 
Local  Council  of  Women,  Mrs.  Stevenson;  The 
Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  M.  E.  Fox. 


A.A.,    St.    Mary'*    Hospital,    MoatrMl 

Hon.  Pres..  Rer.  Sr.  Roion;  Pres.,  Mls«  I. 
Goring;  Vice-Pres..  Miss  T.  deWitt;  Sec.,  Mias 
P.  Owens;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  P.  McKenna.  «J8 
Girouard  Ave. ;  Treas..  Miss  E.  Quinn  ;  Committees: 
Entertainment:  Misses  E.  O'Hare,  M.  Smith.  M. 
Morris.  Mrs.  Latremoille;  Visiting:  Misses  R 
Bradley,  N.  Callahan.  M.  Collins;  Press:  Misses 
R.  Prendergast.  I.  Olney. 


A. A.     Lachine     General     Hotpiul,     Lachinc 


lloiiourarv  President,  Miss  L.  M.  Brown; 
I'lesident,  Miss  Riibv  Goodfellow;  Vice-Presi- 
lout.  Miss  Myrtle  Gleason;  Secretarj'-Treasurer. 
Mrs.  Byrtha  Jol>ber.  60-51st  Ave..  Dixie — La- 
hitie;  Ceneral  Nursing  Representative,  Miss 
Kiiliy  Goodfellow;  Executive  Committee:  Mrs. 
iiarlow.   Mrs.   Gaw,   Miss  Dewar. 


A.A.,    School    for    Graduate    NitrM*, 
McGill    Univeriity,    MontrMi 

Pres..  Miss  Margaret  Brady:  Vice-Prea..  Miss 
Winnifred  McCunn;  Sec.-Treas.,  Miss  Elsie  AU- 
der.  Royal  Victoria  Hospital;  Conveners:  Flora 
if.  Shaw  Memorial  Fund,  Mrs.  L.  H.  Fisher; 
Program,  Miss  R.  Lamb,  Representatives  to: 
Local  Council  of  Women,  Mrs.  J.  T.  Allan. 
Mrs.  J.  R.  Taylor,  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  F. 
Lamont. 


l.'As.tociation    des    Gardes-Malades    Diplotneas, 
Hopital     Notre-Dame.     Montreal 

lion.  Pres..  Sr.  Papineau;  Hon.  Vice-Pres., 
.1.  nt^cnry;  Pres..  Miss  E  M^rizzi:  First  Vice- 
(•ips..  Mi.ss  M.  Gagnon:  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss 
C.  Fr<*!;p.nn;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss  G.  Roy;  Corr.  Sec, 
Miss  I..  Degiiire;  Assoc.  Sec.  Miss  M.  Leroux; 
Couvrilfnrs:  Misses  G.  Latour,  B.  Magnan.  M. 
I.n.ssier. 


A. A..     Woman's     General     Hospital.     Westmount 

Hon.  Presidents,  Misses  Trench.  Pearson ;  Pres.. 
Miss  C.  Martin;  First  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  Tellier: 
Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  Crewe;  Corr.  Sec,  Mrs. 
Davis.  5946  Waverley  St.;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss  Van- 
Buskirk;  Treas..  Miss  Francis;  Committees: 
Visiting:  Mrs.  Chisholm,  Miss  G.  Wilson;  Social: 
Mi-sses  Linton.  Yellin,  Chananie;  Rep.  to  The 
Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Francis. 


A. A.,    Montreal   General    Hospital,    Montreal 


Hon.  Presidents.  Miss  Webster.  Miss  Tedford; 
Hon.  Treasurer.  Miss  Dunlop;  President.  Miss 
Catherine  Anderson :  First  Vice-President  Miss 
Bertha  Birch:  Secor*  1  Vice-President.  Miss  Mary 
Long;  Recording  Secretary,  Miss  Jean  McNair; 
Corresponding  Secretary.  Miss  Mabel  Shannon, 
Nurses  Home,  Montreal  General  Hospital;  Trea- 
surer. Mi.ss  I.sabel  Davies;  Committees:  Execu- 
tive: Misses  M.  K.  Holt.  A.  Whitney.  H.  Bartsch. 
E.  Robertson,  Mrs.  F.  Johnston;  Program:  Misses 
M.  Batson  E.  Denman,  K.  Annes'.ey;  Refresh- 
ment: Misses  Clifford  Cconvener),  Michie,  A. 
Scott.  B.  Broadhurst,  M.  McQuarrie;  Visiting: 
Mis.ses  M.  Ross.  B.  Miller.  H.  Christian ;  Repre- 
sentatives to:  General  Nursing  Section :■  Misses 
A.  Whitney.  M.  McLeod.  C.  Pope,  J.  Ross;  Local 
Council  of  Women:  Misses  A.  Costigan,  M.  Ste- 
vens;  The  Canadian  Nurse:  Miss  C.  Watling. 


A. A.,     Royal    Victoria    Ho*ptuI,    Moatrcal 

Hon.  President.   Miss   Mabel   F.   Hwsey;   Preai- 
Jent,    Mrs     R.    A.    Taylor;    Flist    Vice-President, 


A.A.,    Jeffery    Hale's    Hospital,   Quebec 


Pres..  Mrs.  A.  W.  G.  Macalister;  First  Vice- 
Pres.,  Mrs.  L.  Teakle;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  G. 
Weary;  Sec,  Miss  M.  G.  Fischer,  30.5  Grande 
Allee;  Treas..  Mrs.  W.  D.  Fleming;  Councillors: 
Misses  Wolfe.  Kennedy.  Fitzpatrick.  Ross,  Pfeif- 
fer;  Committees:  Refreshment:  Misses  Kirtsen, 
Jones.  Warren,  Dawson;  Visiting:  Misses  Doug- 
las (convener).  Martin.  Mmes.  Raphael,  Gray; 
Program:  Mmes.  Young,  Teakle.  Misses  Lunam. 
Douglas;  Reps,  to:  Private  Duty  Section:  Misses 
Walsh.  Perry;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  N. 
Humphries. 


A. A..    Sherbrooke    Hospital.    Sherbrooke 


Hon.  Pres..  Miss  V.  Beane;  Pres^  Mrs.  H. 
Skinner;  First  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  F.  Steigmelr; 
Sec.  Vlce-Pres..  Mrs.  G.  Sangster:  Rec.  Sec. 
Mi.ss  N.  Arguin:  Corr.  .Sec.  Miss  R.  Forward, 
51  Melbourne  St.;  Treas..  Mrs.  H.  Grundy : 
Convener,  Entertainment  Committee,  Mrs.  H. 
MacCallum;  Reps,  to:  Private  Duty  Section. 
Miss  P.  Gotigh:  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Mrs.  O 
Burt 


144 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


SASKATCHEWAN 

A. A..    Regina    General    Hospital,    Rcgina 

Hon.  I'res.,  Miss  D.  Wilson;  Pres..  Miss  M. 
Brown;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  A.  Palmquist; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  .N'.  Edwards;  Sec.  Miss  E. 
Meyer.  General  Hospital;  Treas..  Miss  J.  Hamp- 
ton; Committees:  Refreshment :  Miss  H.  Lusted. 
B.  Walton:  Flower:  Misses  B.  Langstaff,  E. 
Frostad ;  Reps,  to-  Local  Paper.  .Miss  L.  Dahl ; 
The  Canndian  Xurse,   Miss  J.  Allison. 

A. A..    Saskatoon    City    Hospital.    Saskatoon 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  E.  Amas;  Pres..  Miss  A. 
OrmsDn;    First    Vice-Pres..    Miss   J.    .McKay;    Rec. 


.<;ec..  Miss  E.  Polowy;  Corr.  Sec..  Miss  M. 
Stinson.  S.C.H.;  Treas.  Miss  E.  Graham:  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  Visiting,  Miss  A.  Robinson; 
Program.  Miss  J.  Piggott;  Ways  &  Means,  Misa 
H.  Mellom;  Social,  Miss  V.  .Mitchell;  Press,  Miss 
D.    Bjarnason:    TTar    Work.    Mrs.    E.    Suparman. 


A. A..     Yorkton     Queen    Victoria    Hospital.     Yorkton 


Honourary  President.  Mrs.  L.  V.  Barnes; 
President.  Mrs.  W.  Sharpe;  Vice-President. 
Miss  V.  Wilkinson;  Secretary.  Mrs.  T.  E.  Dar- 
roch.  .iP  Haultain  Avenue;  Treasurer,  Miss  G. 
Zimnier;  Social  Convener.  Mrs.  J.  Parker;  Coun- 
cillors: Mrs.  H.  Ellis,  Mrs.  Sam  Dodds.  .Vfiss 
I,.    Wilson. 


Associations  of  Graduate  Nurses 


Overseas     Nursing     Sisters     Aisoctattoe 
of    Caaada 

Pres..  Miss  F.  Munroe,  Royal  Victoria  Hos 
pital,  Montreal;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  C.  M. 
Watling.  Montreal;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  H.  Paice, 
Montreal;  Third  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  B.  Anderson. 
Ottawa ;  Sec.-Treas.,  Miss  E.  Frances  Upton. 
St€  1019.  Medical  Arts  Bid?..  Montreal;  Re- 
presentatives from  Local  Unit:  Mrs.  C.  E.  Bi- 
saillon,  753  Bienville  St..  Apt.  5.  .Montreal; 
Miss  M.  Moag.  V.  0.  K.,  Montreal. 


Vancouver    Graduate    Nurses     Association 

President.  Miss  J.  E.  Jamieson;  First  Vi.e 
President,  Miss  F.  McQuarrie;  Second  Vii-e  Pi«e»- 
ident,  .Miss  F.  Kirkpatrick;  Secretary,  Miss  .M 
Buchanan,  Vancouver  General  Hospital;  Trea- 
surer. Miss  M.  Mirfield;  Councillors:  Misses  .M 
Motherwell.  M.  Henderson.  L.  Dodds.  K.  Lee,  Mrs. 
B.  Melville;  Committee  Conveners:  PFoi/n  & 
.Vea7is,  Miss  E.  Paulson;  Program,  Miss  A.  Reid; 
Directory.  Miss  M.  Gray;  Visiting,  Miss  L.  Dry»- 
dale;  Local  Council  of  Women:  Miss  M.  Camp- 
bell. Mrs.  DeSatge;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Mis.t 
G.  Conquest;   Press,  Mrs.   F.  Engley. 


BRITISH   COLUMBIA 

Katnloops  Graduate  Nurses  Association 
Pres..  Miss  S.  Babin;  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  H. 
Stalker;  Sec,  Miss  E.  Davis.  Royal  Inland 
Hospital;  Treas.,  Mi.ss  F.  Aberdeen,  Royal 
Inland  Hospital;  Committee  Conveners:  Program 
&  Social,  Mrs.  M.  Eraser.  Misses  K.  Bingham. 
.1.  McLelland.  B.  McPherson ;  Ways  &  Means, 
Mnies  E.  Selkirk,  S.  Daigleish,  Miss  E.  Walker; 
Mevibership,  Mmes  R.  Coswell.  L.  Pigeau,  Misses 
K.  Doumont.  I.  Brooke;  The  Canadian  Nurse, 
Misses  M.  Williams,  J.  Norquay. 


Victoria    Graduate    Nurses    Association 

Honourary  Presidents,  Sister  Mary  Gregory. 
Miss  Lena  Mitchell;  President,  Miss  Ethel  Gray; 
First  Vice-Pres.,  .Miss  Z.  Harmon;  Sec.  Vice 
Pres..  Miss  M.  Plunkett;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  K 
Gann;  Corr.  Secretary,  Miss  J.  Engelhardt.  .Si 
Joseph's   Hospital;   Treas..   Miss   E.   Smallwood 


MANITOBA 


Nelson   Registered  Nurses  Association 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  V.  B.  Eidt;  Pres.,  Miss  Turn- 
bull;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  B.  Laing;  Sec.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Miss  B.  Hayden ;  Sec,  Miss  H.  Tompkins. 
Kootenay  Lake  Gen.  Hospital ;  Treas.,  Miss  G. 
Carr;  Committees:  General  Nursing,  Miss  K. 
Scott;  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  V. 
Eidt;  Public  Health,  Miss  N.  Dunn;  Ways  & 
Means,  Miss  E.  Sutherland;  Social  &  Program, 
Miss  M.  Bower;  Visitiiig,  Miss  N.  Murphy;  Mem- 
bership, Miss  J.  Boutwell;  Library,  Mrs.  A. 
O'Connor:  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  M. 
Ross. 

New   Westminster  Graduate  Nurses   Association 

Honoiirarj'  President,  Miss  C.  E.  Clark;  Presi- 
dent, Miss  E.  Wrightman :  First  Vice-President. 
.Miss  E.  Beatt :  Second  Vice-President.  Miss  E. 
Scott  Gray:  Secretary.  Miss  B.  Donaldson.  2  in 
Keary  Street;  Treasurer.  Miss  T.  Eyton ;  Re- 
prefientntives  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Mrs.  J 
L.    Wrieht.    Miss    B.    Cattierall. 


Brandon   Graduate   Nurses   Association 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  Birtles,  O.B.E.;  Pres.,  Mrs. 
S.  Purdue;  Vice-Pres..  Miss  M.  Morton,  Sec. 
Miss  A.  Crighton.  Brandon  General  Hospital; 
Treas..  Mrs.  J.  Selbie;  Registrar,  Miss  C.  Mac- 
leod:  Conveners:  Red  Cross,  Mrs.  H.  McKeiizie; 
Social,  Miss  M.  Trotter;  Press.  Miss  W.  Mitchell; 
General  Nursing,  Miss  G.  Lamont;  Rep.  to  The 
Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  G.   Kennettle. 


QUEBEC 

Montreal    Graduate    Nurses    Association 

President.  .Miss  Edythe  Ward:  First  Vice  Pre-*,. 
Miss  A.  Bulnian:  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  E 
Martin:  Hon.  Sec.-Tieas..  Miss  Grace  Hlmk 
lock,  123i>  Bishop  St.:  Chairman.  Registry  Com- 
mittee, Mi-;s  A.  Jamieson;  Director  of  Nmxing 
Registry,  Miss  E.  B.  Ross.  680A  Sun  Life  Rldij. 
Regular  meetings  second  Tuesday  January,  first 
Tuesday    .\pril.    October,   and    Dfjcember. 


I  VOLUME  38 
NUMBER     3 

MAR  C_H 

19     4      2 


I  Hh 


#  Canadian 

Nurses 

Association 

General 

Meeting 

June  22-26,  1942 

Montreal,  Que. 


CANADIAN 
NURSE 


liwii     I A  i-ili 


I  Statue  of  Maisonneuve 
Place  d'Armes, 
Montreal 


0  W  N  E  D"TV  ND       PUBLISH  F 


II.  When  I  serve  a  dish  of  canned  peas  or  spinach  or 
some  other  canned  vegetable  to  a  patient,  how  can 
I  know  how  much  ascorbic  acid  the  patient  is  getting? 

A.  I  couldn't  assign  a  definite  numerical  value.  All 
vegetables  have  an  upper  and  lower  limit  of  ascorbic 
acid  content.  This  probably  is  also  true  for  their 
other  essential  nutrients.  The  ascorbic  acid  content 
of  a  given  sample  is  determined  by  a  number  of 
factors,  hke  variety,  state  of  maturity  when  picked, 
soil,  weather,  and  what  happens  to  the  vegetable 
betMeen  the  time  it  is  harvested  and  served  to  the 
patient.  It  is  very  likely  that  canned  vegetables  are 
fully  equal  in  ascorbic  acid  content  to  kitchen- 
prepared  vegetables.  I  suggest  you  be  guided  by 
reliable  publications  on  the  ranges  of  vitamin 
contents  in  canned  foods,  (i) 

American  Can  Company^  Hamilton,  Ontario; 
American  Can  Company  Ltd.,  Vancouver,  B.C. 

(i)  1936.  Food  Research  1,  3 
1936.  Ibid  1,  231 

1938.  Nutrition  Abstracts  and  Reviews  8,  281 

1939.  Canned  Food  Reference  Handbook,  American 
Can  Company.  Hamilton,  Ont. 

1940.  J.  Am.  Diet.  Assoc.  16,  891 


NOW  SIX-WEEKS'  OLD 
NUTRITIVE  ELEMENTS 
AND  CEREALS  WITH 


BABIES  CAN  HAVE  THE 
OF  FRUITS,  VEGETABLES 


(EXTR  ACE  LtULAR) 

Mi  FOODS 


That  nutritious  vegetables  and  fruits  have  been  well 
tolerated  by  babies  as  young  as  six  weeks  is  due  to 
Libby's  remarkable  new  Homogenization  process. 
Most  doctors  once  considered  that  vegetables  and 
fruits,  even  when  carefully  strained,  contained  too 
many  indigestible,  coarse  fibres  and  food  cell  walls 
for   the  baby's  digestive   system   to   handle   successfully. 

As  a  result  of  in-vitro  digestion  experiments,  it  was 
shown  that  Libby's  Homogenized  Vegetables  digested 
far  more  completely  in  30  minutes  than  strained  vege- 
tables in  two  hours.  Because  all  coarse  fibres  and  the 
indigestible  walls  of  food  cells  are  refined  to  a  smooth 
form  by  Homogenization,  even  tiny  infants  may  bene- 
fit by  a  more  balanced  diet  supplied  by  Libby's 
Homogenized  Baby  Foods,  with  greatly  reduced  dan- 
ger  of   injury   to   the   delicate   intestinal   tract. 

Nutrients    inside    the    cellulose    walls    of    the    food 
cells    are    released    for    easier    digestion.    Thus,    besides 
being  more  easily  digested  than  strained  foods,  Libby's 
Homogenized     Baby     Foods     yield     more    nourishment 
than   an   equal   amount   of   strained  fruits   or  vegetables. 


Food    Cell    BEFORE 
Homogenization 

Note  that  nourishment 
is  enclosed  by  tough  cel- 
lulose wall  whicn  careful 
straining  does  not  break 
down.  Undeveloped  di- 
gestive juices  of  the 
infant  stomach  may  not 
lienetrate  cellulose  wall 
and  needed  nourLshment 
is  lost.  Undigested  food 
passes  into  large  intes- 
tine wliere  it  may  fer- 
ment, and  cause  serious 
disturlmnces. 


Food    Cell     AFTER 
Homogenization 

Note  that'  tougli  cel- 
lulose wall  has 
l)een  completely  bro- 
ken down.  Nour- 
ishment has  been 
released  for  quick 
digestion.  Danger  of 
intestinal  disorders 
caused  by  fermenta- 
tion of  partly  di- 
gested food  is  lar- 
gely overcome,  and 
baby  gets  more  nou- 
rishment from  the 
same  amount  of 
food. 


FREE  SAMPLES  and  descriptive  literature  wlii  be 
mailed  on  request  to  physicians  and  pediatricians. 
Please  address  your  requests  to  Libiiy,  McNeill  & 
Libby  Laboratories,  Ciiatliam,  Ontario. 


10     BALANCED     BABY     FOOD     COMBINATIONS: 


The**  cembinotiont  of  Homogenized  Vegetables,  cereol,  soup,  and  fruits  malte  it  easy  for  the 
Doctor  to  prescribe  a  variety  of  solid  foods  for  infants 

Whole  milk, 
whole  wheat, 
soya  bean  flour. 


Peas, 
beets, 

asparagus. 


4 


7 


Pumpkin, 
tomatoes, 
green  beans. 

Peas, 

carrots, 

spinach. 


."runes, 

pineapple  juice, 
lemon  juice. 

Soup — carrots,  celery, 
tomatoes,  chicken  liv- 
ers,    barley,     onions. 


A  meatless  soup  — 
consisting  of  celery, 
potatoes,  peas,  car- 
rots, tomatoes,  soya 
flour,  and  barley.  Can 
be  fed  to  very  young 
babies. 


9 


An  improved  fruit  com- 
bination —  Bananas, 
apples,  apricots  are 
combined  to  give  a 
nutritious  fruit  com- 
bination that  is  very 
tasty. 


10 


An  "all  Green" 
vegetable  combina- 
tion— Many  doctors 
have  asked  for  this. 
Peas,  spinach  and- 
green  beans  are 
blended  to  give  a 
very  desirable  vege- 
table product. 

Tomatoes,  corrots 
and  peas  —  These 
give  a  new  vege- 
table combination  of 
exceptionally  good 
dietetic  properties 
and  flavour. 


And  in  Addition,  Three  Single  Vegetable  Products  Specially  Homogenized 

CARROTS  — PEAS  — SPINACH    and 

LIBBY'S    HOMOGENIZED    EVAPORATED   MILK 

Mad*  in  Canada  By 

LIBBY,    McNeill   &  LIBBY    OF  CANADA   LIMITED,  Chatham,  Ont. 


145 


NUPERCAINAL  Xiba 


ft 


A    highly   efficient   analgesic   and   anti-pruritic   ointment   with    a 
prolonged  anaesthetic  action 

for  the  relief  from  pain  and  itching  in  affections  of  the  skin  and 
mucous  membranes,  such  as 


SUNBURN 
ULCERS 
DRY  ECZEMA 


BURNS  HAEMORRHOIDS 

BED-SORES  CRACKED  NIPPLES 

PRURITUS  ANI  AND  VULVAE 


Tubes  of  one  ounce  and  jars  of  one  pound 
Professional  samples  on  request. 

Ciba  Company  Ltd.      -      Montreal 


INHHIED 


is  the 

DIRECT  METHOD 
* )  of  treating 

'^       COLDS,   BRONCHITIS, 
WHOOPING    COUGH 


1^^^^^^^^  .  I  TKcrcin  Ucs  Vapo- 
Direct,  repetitive  ac«on^^Jy%\h  the  Vapo- 
^1  «»'«  notable  etticacy.  natieitt  s 

Cresoenesnot     .^   operation,   the   P  ^.^^^^ 

Cresolene   lamp  decongestive, 

breathing    dra^s  .         repeat^ 

-^•^^^■Vk' the   inflamed   respiratory   muc 
tact    w»tn    tne  •  trlv 

Membrane  .^  .h„  cough  "^WV 


THE    VAPO-CRESOLENE    CO. 
62  Cortlandt  St.       New  York,  N.Y. 


Dosage : 

I  to  2  capsules  3  or  4  times 
^aily.  Supplied  only  in  pack- 
iges  of  20  capsules.  Literature 
on  request. 


ERGOAPIOL  (SMITH) 


A  Menstrual  Regulator  .  .  . 

When  the  periods  are  irregular,  due  to  constitutional 
causes,  Ergoapiol  (Smith)  is  a  reliable  prescription. 
In  cases  of  Amenorrhea,  Dysmenorrhea,  Menorrhagia 
and  Metrorrhagia,  Ergoapiol  serves  as  a  good  uterine 
tonic  and  hemostatic  and  is  valuable  for  the  men- 
strual irregularity  of  the  Menopause.  Prescribed  by 
physicians  throughout  the  world. 


MARTIIV  H.  SMITH  CO. 


I^ew  York,  IV.  Y. 


146 


&h^i  &^uliu  &^/i^fiefi/i€^J 


Over-indulgence  in  food  or  refreshments  often  requires  the  use  of  an  effective 
antacid-alkalizer  such  as  BiSoDoL.  The  initial  dose  of  one  level  teaspoonful  of 
BiSoDoL  Powder,  or  three  BiSoDoL  tablets,  helps  bring  prompt  relief  in  most 
cases  of  digestive  upset  resultant  from  excess  stomach  acid. 


Professional   Samples    on    Request 


THE         BiSoDoL         COMPANY 


BiSoDoL 

POWDER      .      MINTS 
WALKERVILLE,      ONT. 


147 


THE  MACMILLAN  COMPANY  OF  CANADA 


LIMITED 


70  Bond  Street 


Toronto 


Welcomes  you  to  Booth  No.  I,  at  the  Convention  of  the 
Registered  Nurses  Association  of  Ontario,  Prince 
Edward  Hotel,  Windsor,  Ontario,  April  8,  9,  10,  1942. 

Books  Published  in  1942 

Norlin  dC  Donaldson  — Everyday  Nursing  in  the  Everyday  Home  ^2.50 

Gardner  —  So  Build  We  ^2.25 

Proudf it  —  Nutrition  and  Diet  Therapy  (eighth  ed.)        probably  ^3.00 
Sherman  8C  Pearson  — Modern  Bread  from  the  Viewpoint 

of  Nutrition                                                                        probably  ^1.75 

Nurses  Aids  Series                                                                                    each  ^1.10 

Aids  to  Anatomy  8C  Physiology  for  Nurses 

Aids  to  Materia  Medica  for  Nurses 

Aids  to  Fever  Nursing  Aids  to  Hygiene  for  Nurses 

Aids  to  Practical  Nursing  Aids  to  Tray  8C  Trolley  Setting. 


McCILL 
UNIVERSITY 

School  for  Graduate  Nurses 

The     following     one-year     certificate 

courses     are     offered     to     graduate 

nurses : 

TEACHING  AND 

SUPERVISION    IN    SCHOOLS 

OF   NURSING 

PUBLIC    HEALTH    NURSING 

ADMINISTRATION  IN 

HOSPITALS    AND    SCHOOLS 

OF   NURSING 

ADMINISTRATION  AND 

SUPERVISION 

IN  PUBLIC  HEALTH 

NURSING 

For  information  apply  to: 

School    for    Graduate    Nurses 
McGill   University,  Montreal. 


ROYAL    VICTORIA    HOSPITAL 

Montreal 

SCHOOL  OF  NURSING 

Courses   for   Groduote    Nurses 

1.  A  four-months  course  in  operat- 
ing room  technique  and  management 
is  offered  to  a  limited  number  of 
registered  nurses  who  have  already 
had  operating  room  experience.  Main- 
tenance is  provided.  For  further  in- 
formation apply  to  Miss  Fanny 
Munroe,  R.N.,  Superintendent  of 
Nurses,  Royal  Victoria  Hospital, 
Montreal. 

2.  The  following  post  graduate 
courses  in  obstetrical  nursing  and  in 
gynaecological  nursing  are  offered: 
Course  A  —  a  three-months  course 
in  obstetrical  nursing ;  Course  B  — 
a  two-m.onths  course  in  gynaecolog- 
ical nursing.  Applicants  may  enroll 
for  either  or  both  courses.  Main- 
tenance and  an  allowance  are  pro- 
vided. For  further  information  apply 
to  Miss  C.  V.  Barrett,  R.N.,  Super- 
visor, Women's  Pavilion,  Royal  Vic- 
toria   Hospital,    Montreal. 

A   certificate  is  granted  on   the  suc- 
cessful   completion    of    any    of    the 
above  courses. 


148 


ORODONO  SAFELY  STOPS  PERSPIRATION 


Compare  ODORONO 
Cream  ^ith  any  other 
deodorant  you've  ever  tried! 

Compare,  first,  the  size  of  the  jar 
.  .  .  you  get  1  FULL  OUNCE  — 
not  just  a  half  ounce  —  of 
ODORONO  Cream  for  39c  ! 
Now,  compare  the  quahty  —  if 
you  don't  agree  that  ODORONO 
Cream  is  the  best  deodorant 
you've  ever  tried,  well  give  you 

YOUR 
MONEY 

BACK! 


ONE  TO  THREE  DAYS 

IvEEP  the  sick  room  d  pleasanter 
place  for  you  and  for  your  patient 
by  stopping  perspiration  with 
ODORONO  Cream.  Apply  ODORONO 
Cream  as  a  regular  part  of  your 
cleanUness  routine — for  yourself  and 
for  your  patient.  ODORONO  Cream 
takes  the  odour  from  perspiration — 
is  safe  and  pleasant  to  use. 

•  Non-irritaling  —  use  before  or  after 
shaving. 

•  Quick-vanishing  —  dries  in  a  jiffy, 
takes  but  a  few  seconds  out  of  your 
busy  day. 

•  Non-greasy  — doesn't  stain  bed  linen 
or  clothing. 

YOUR  DRUG  OR  DEPARTMENTAL  STORE 


149 


THE    MABEL    F.   HERSEY 
SCHOLARSHIP 


The  Alumnae  Association  Boyal 
Victoria  Hospital,  Inc.,  Montreal, 
announces  that  applications  for  the 
MABEL  F.  HERSEY  SCHOLAR- 
SHIP will  be  received  again 
this  year.  This  scholarship  is  open 
to  any  graduate  of  the  Royal  Vic- 
toria Hospital  Training  School 
and  is  for  post-graduate  work 
only.  The  work  may  be  in  any  Uni- 
versity School  for  Graduate  Nurses 
or  in  any  approved  Hospital  in 
Canada.  The  Scholarship  has  a 
value  of  two  hundred  and  fifty  dol- 
lars ($250.00).  Application  forms 
may  be  obtained  from  the  Con- 
vener, Committee  of  Selection,  Miss 
E.  C.  Flanagan,  3801  University 
St.,  Montreal.  All  application  forms 
should  be  returned  to  the  Convener 
not  later  than  April  23,  1942. 


A.  R.N.  P.  Q. 
SCHOLARSHIPS 


The  Board  of  Management,  As- 
sociation of  Registered  Nurses  of 
the  Province  of  Quebec  is  pleased 
to  announce  that  two  Scholarships 
will  be  awarded  this  year,  covering 
$350  each,  to  English-  and  French- 
speaking  members  in  good  stand- 
ing in  the  Association  wishing  to 
follow   post-graduate   courses. 

Application  forms  may  be  ob- 
tained at  the  office  of  the  Asso- 
ciation, Ste.  1019,  Medical  Arts 
Bldg.,  1538  Sherbrooke  St.  W., 
Montreal,  and  should  bo  retui'ned 
completed  before  June  1,  1942. 


ASSOCIATION    OF   REGISTERED 

NURSES  OF  THE  PROVINCE 

OF  QUEBEC 

The  Spring  examinations  for  qualifica- 
tion as  "Registered  Nurse"  will  be  held  in 
Montreal  and  elsewhere  on  April  27,  28, 
and  29.    1942. 

Application  forms  and  all  information 
may  be  procured  from  the  Registrar.  Ap- 
plications must  be  in  the  office  of  the 
Association  by  March  31,    1942. 

NO  APPLICATION  WILL  BE 

CONSIDERED    AFTER    THAT    DATE. 
Results    of   examinations    will   be   published 
on  or  about  June  8,   1942. 

E.    FRANCES    UPTON,    R.N. 
Executive   Secretary    and    Registrar, 

Suite    1019,    Medical    Arts    Bldg. 
1538   Sherbrooke  St.  West,   Montreal. 


EXAMINATIONS    FOR 

REGISTRATION    OF    NURSES 

IN  NOVA  SCOTIA 

To  take  place  on  May  20,  21,  and  22, 
1942,  at  Halifax,  Yarmouth,  Amherst, 
Sydney,  and  Amtigonish.  Requests  for  ap- 
plication forms  should  be  made  at  once  and 
forms  MUST  BE  returned  to  the  Regis- 
trar by  April  20,  1942,  together  with:  (1) 
Birth  Certificate;  (2)  Provincial  Grade  XI 
Certificate;  (3)  Diploma  of  School  of 
Nui-sing;    (4)    Fee  of  $10.00. 

No  undergraduate  may  write  unless  he  or 
she  has  passed  successfully  all  final  School 
of  Nursing  examinations  and  is  within  six 
weeks  of  completion  of  the  course  of 
nursing. 

JEAN  C.  DUNNING,  R.N.,  Registrar, 

The    Registered    Nurses    Association    of 

Nova  Scotia, 

413    Dennis    Building.    Halifax,    N.S. 


REGISTERED  NURSES' 
ASSOCIATION    OF 
BRITISH  COLUMBIA 

(Incorporated) 

An  examination  for  the  title  and  certi- 
ficate of  Registered  Nurse  of  British 
Columbia  will  be  held  April  14,  15,  and 
16,   1942. 

Names  of  Candidates  for  this  examina- 
tion must  be  in  the  office  of  the  Regis- 
trar not  later  than   March   14,    1942. 

Full  particulars  may  be  obtained  from  : 
EVELYN  MALLORY,  R.N.,  Registrar 
715    Vancouver    Block,   Vancouver,    B.C. 


DOCTORS'  and  NURSES' 
DIRECTORY 

212  Balmoral  St.,  Winnipeg 

A  Directory  jor: 

Doctors,  and  Registered  Nurses 

VICTORIAN  Order  of  Nurses 

(night  calls,  Sundays,  and  holidays 

ONLY) 

Practical  Nurses 

Twenty-four  hour  service. 

P.  Brownbix,  Rbq.    N.,    Rbobtbak 


Check  YOUR  requirements 

for  a  good  toothpaste! 


y 


It  must  dean  ctfUienllv 
Til  „m.t  have  u  pioa.a.U  t.^i^ 


It  must  be  harnile^o  euamel 

U  .UouW  make  a  HcnnMU^-     i  ».^n'. 


U  shoul<l  be  ciM>uomu  a 

liecunimend 


KOLYNOS 

DENTAL         CREAM 


HE     kOLVNOS     COMPANY     .      WALKERVILLE,    ONT 


ISI 


n6W  under-arm 

Cream  Deodorant 

safely 

Stops  Perspiration 


1.  Does  not  harm  dresses — does  not 
irritate  skin. 

2.  No  waiting  to  dry.  Can  be  used 
right  after  shaving. 

3.  Instantly  stops  perspiration  for  1 
to  3  days.  Removes  odor  from 
perspiration. 

4.  A  pure  white,  greaseless,  stainless 
vanishing  cream. 

5.  Arrid  has  been  awarded  the 
Approval  Seal  of  the  American 
Institute  of  Laundering,  for  being 
harmless  to  fabrics. 


Arrid  is  the  largest 
selling  deodorant  .  .  . 
Try  a  jar  today  — 
at  any  store  which 
sells   toilet   goods. 


ARRID 


Maple  Leaf  Alcohols 

MWiciMl  Spirite,  iMfine  S«hitl*n.  Ab- 
solute Ethyl  B.P..  RoMtiNr  Al«oh*l, 
Denatured     Alcohol,     Absohite     Methyl 

Adapted  to  hospital  service.  Tested  pre- 
cisely from  raw  materiaJs  to  finished 
product.  All  formnlae  aecordintf  to  Do- 
minion Department  of  Bxciee  Specifica- 
tions   and   the    British    Phamiacopoeia. 


CANADIAN 

INDUSTRIAL    ALCOHOL 

COMPANY.   LIMITED 

Montreal    Corbyville    Toronto 
Winnipeg         Vancouver 


Identification 


Institutions, 


is  easy  with  CASH'S 
W  OVEN  NAMES. 
Sewn  on  or  attached 
with  Cash's  No-So  Ce- 
ment. Most  Hospitals, 
and  Nurses  use  them  in 
preference  to  all  other  methods.  They 
are  the  sanitary,  permanent,  econo- 
mical method  of  marking. 

r>  A  GUY 6     232  Grier  St. 
V»^m^*«     ^  Belleville,  Ont. 


CASH'S!  3 doz-$  150   6  dor-$200  NdSOCemfot 
NAMESj9doz-$25Q   I2doz-$300      25«atube   ' 


when  you  examine 

TAMPAX 

please  note . . . 


POINT  NO.  4: 

HOW  POSITIVE  ITS  WICK  ACTION  IN  "SOAKING  UP"  THE  FLUX 

The  high  absorptive  efficiency  of  Tompax  is  your  patients'  best  ossuronce  of  depend- 
able internal  protection.  For  the  strong  capillary  "wick"  action  of  the  tampon's 
long-fibre  surgical  cotton  enables  it  to  "soak  up"  the  flux  with  active  freedom,  and 
tronsmit  it  evenly  throughout  its  full  length. 

This  property  may  be  readily  demonstrated  by  immersing  one  end  of  a  dry  operted 
tampon  in  a  glass  of  water,  with  the  other  end  hanging  outside  over  the  edge.  The  tom- 
pon,  like  a  wick,  unfailingly  conveys  water  up  over  the  rim  to  saturate  the  free  end. 

With  the  tampon  inserted  intravaginolly,  this  positive  wick  action  prevents  any 
blocking  of  the  flow  —  since,  with  equal  sureness,  it  draws  the  menstrual  fluid  away 
from  the  cervix  uteri. 

The  ease  and  convenience  of  using  Tampax  lend  additionol  appeal  to  its  efficacy. 
The  compressed  tampon  may  be  inserted  high  in  the  vaginal  vault  by  the  simple  opera- 
tion of  the  individual  applicator.  Here  it  gently  undergoes  flot  expansion,  held  intact 
by  special  cross-fibre  stitching.  A  moisture-resistant  cord  focilitates  gentle  removal. 

Hove  you  tried  the  "wafer-test"  for  absorptive  efficiencv?  The  coupon  is  for  your 
convenience  if  you  need  professional  samc'es. 

CANADIAN   TAMPAX   CORPORATION   LTD., 
533    College   Street,   Toronto,   Ontario. 


ACCEPTED  FOR 
ADVERTISING 
IT  THE  JOURNAL 
OF  THE  AMER- 
CAN  MEDICAL 
ASSOCIATION 


CANADIAN   TAMPAX  CORPORATION  LTD. 
533  College  Street,  Toronto,  Ontario. 

Gentlemen:     Please    send    me    a    professional    supply    « 
Tampax. 

Name  

Address    

City     T42 


Note  also  — 

•  •  How  easy  ii  ii 
for  your  pafienfi 
fo  inserf. 

2.  How  flat  if 
expands  f  o  fit  fhe 
vaginal  canal. 

3.  How  gentle 
iti  contact  with 
the  vaginal  epi- 
thelium. 

5.  How  dainty  ii 
ii  for  your  pa- 
tients to  remove. 

O.  How  well  it  is 
adapted  to  indi- 
vidual needs. 


153 


The    Canadian   N 


urse 


ReBistered  at  Ottawa,   Canada,   aa   second  class  matter. 

Editor  and   Businesi   Manager: 
BTHBL  JOHNS,  Reg.  N.,   1411   Crescent  Street,  Montreal,  P.Q. 


CONTENTS  FOR  MARCH,  1942 


We  Go  Forward  Together  -  -         -         - 

New  Ways  in  Wartime        _         _         _         _ 
Jeanne  Mange  _____ 

Acute  Otitis  Media  _         _         _         _ 

Nursing  Care  in  Otitis  Media 
Notes  from  the  National  Office 
Some  Newer  Drugs  _         -         _         _ 

Canadian  Nurses  Land  at  C.\pe  Tow.\ 
Watch  Your  Price  Ceiling 
Obituaries  _         _         _         _ 

Toronto  Department  of  Public  Health 
Maintaining  Standards  of  Public  Health  Nursing 
Industrial  Nursing  _         _         _         _ 

A  Week  with  the  Hospital  Health  Service 
Letters  from  Sweden  _         _         _         _ 

Book  Reviews  _____ 

News  Notes  _____ 

Off  Duty  _         _         _  _ 


K.  W.  Ellis 

Sister  Denise  Lefebvre 

A.  A.   Campbell 

M.   J.  Mclnnis 

Sister  Francoise  de  Chantal 

-  G.  M.  Fairley 


I.     R.     Chodat 

-  H.   Snedden 

-  R.     Watson 

E.  Lysler 


159 
160 
164 

167 
169 
171 
177 
179 
180 
181 
182 
183 
18.5 
187 
189 
191 
197 
206 


Subicription  Prut:   J2.00  per  year;   foreign  and  United  States  of  America,  ^2.90;  20  cent*  a  copy. 

Cheques    and    money    orders   should    be   made    payable    to    The    Canadian    Surta.   When    remitting    by 
cheque    15    cent*    should    be   added    to    cover   exchange. 

Pleaae    address    all    correspondence    to: 
Editor,    Tht    Canadian    Nurse,    1411    Crescent    Street,    Montreal,    P.Q. 


THE  BETTER  KNOWN  FACTORS 


THE  LESSER  KNOWN  &  UNIDENTIFIED  FACTORS 


B-PLEX 


WYETH 


The  better  known  factors  are  present  in  Biological 
Balance  with  the  lesser  known  and  unidentified. 
B-Plex  Wyeth  supplies  significant  amounts  of  Biotin, 
Choline,  Inositol,  Folic  Acid,  P-aminobenzoic  Acid 
and  the  unidentified  factors  as  found  in  rice-bran 
extract  —  a  potent  natural  source. 


S.M.A.  -BIOCHEMICAL  DIVISION 


John  Wyeth  &  Brother  (Canada)  Limited     •     Walkerville,  Ontario 


iS5 


Reader's  Guide 


Ever  since  the  outbreak  of  the  war,  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association  has  accepted 
its  full  share  of  responsibility  for  the  promo- 
tion of  our  natio:?al  nursing  effort.  The  task 
is  not  an  easy  one  but  it  is  beinp  tackled 
with  courage  and  common  sense.  It  is  now- 
apparent  that  tliere  is  need  for  a  national 
emergency  adviser  who  can  co-ordinate  and 
guide  various  projects  which  are  either  bein.? 
contemplated  or  are  already  underway.  Kath- 
leen W.  Ellis  has  recently  been  appointed 
to  this  important  position  and  brings  to  it 
a  high  degree  of  competence  as  well  as  a 
wealth  of  experience.  In  this  issue  of  tlic 
Journal  she  tells  us  what  the  principal  ob- 
jectives are  and  how  they  may  be  attained. 
There  must  be  "New  Ways  in  Wartime'', 
and  we  must  be  willing  to  accept  them. 


Careful  attention  should  be  given  to  the 
many  important  matters  to  which  reference 
is  made  in  Notes  from  the  National  Office. 
A  summary  is  given  of  the  various  reports 
presented  at  a  recent  meeting  of  the  execu- 
tive committee  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  As- 
sociation. These  give  an  excellent  picture 
of  the  projects  which  are  energetically 
being  carried  on  in  every  province  of  the 
Dominion. 


Skilled  nursing  care  is  an  important  fac- 
tor in  the  prevention  and  cure  of  otitis  media. 
Dr.  A.  A.  Campbell  writes  from  the  view- 
point of  the  physician  and  Margaret  Mclnnis 
from  that  of  the  nurse.  Dr.  Campbell  is 
chief  of  staff  in  the  ear,  nose  and  throat 
department  of  the  Toronto  General  Hospital 
and  Miss  Mclnnis,  a  graduate  of  the  School 
of  Nursing  of  the  Hospital  for  Sick  Children 
is  nurse-in-charge.  These  articles  were  ob_ 
taincd  through  the  efforts  of  the  staff 
nurses'  committee  of  the  Toro«ito  General 
Hespital  which,  under  the  direction  of  Miss 
Mary  Macfarland,  has  already  obtained  such 
excellent  merterial  for  publication  in  the 
Journal. 


A  careful  and  informative  study  of  some 
of  the  new  drugs  is  presented  by  Rev.  Sister 
Francoise  de  Chantal,  a  member  of  the 
teaching  staff  of  the  School  of  Nursing  of 
the  University  of  Ottawa. 


Someone  has  said  that,  in  time  of  war, 
nursing  always  comes  into  its  own.  The 
present  con,flict  is  certainly  awakening 
public  interest  in  the  health  of  the  people 
and,  as  a  result,  the  work  of  the  public 
health  nurse  is  coming  into  prominence. 
Isabelle  Chodat  emphasizes  the  importance 
of  sound  preparation  for  those  who  are 
to   enter   this    rapidly   expanding    field. 


In  another  instalment  of  her  delightful 
letters  from  Sweden,  Elizabeth  Lyster 
gives  us  a  vivid  picture  of  a  pleasant  people 
and  a  peaceful  land. 


We  are  indebted  to  Rev.  Sister  Denise  Le- 
febvre  for  a  vivid  sketch  of  the  remarkable 
career  of  Jeanne  Mance.  Sister  Lefebvre  is 
a  graduate  of  the  Schooi  of  Nursing  of  St. 
Boniface  Hospital,  St.  Boniface,  Manitoba, 
and  is  now  a  member  of  the  faculty  of  I'lns- 
titut  Marguerite  d'Youville  in  Montreal. 


Plans  are  going  forward  for  the  General 
Meeting  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  .Association 
which  is  to  be  held  in  Montreal  in  June.  Be- 
fore you  come  to  this  beautiful  old  city,  be 
sure  to  review  the  historical  associations 
which  will  come  to  your  mind  as  you  walk 
about  its  streets.  In  the  Place  d'Armes  you 
will  find  Hebert's  fine  statue  of  Maisonneu- 
ve.  Grouped  about  its  pedestal  are  the  fig- 
ures of  Jeanne  Mance  and  other  heroic  lead- 
ers. Do  not  throw  away  the  picture  which 
appears  on  the  cover  of  this  Journal.  Later 
on  it  may  serve  to  remind  you  of  a  happy 
memory. 


136 


»  A  N  A  C  I  N  « 


AN  ACIN  is  also  of  value  in 

RELIEVING     PAIN      ASSOCIATED    WITH 
FUNCTIONAL  MENSTRUAL  DISTURBANCES. 


DOSAGE:    one  tablet  with  water. 

REPEAT  IN  ONE  OR    TWO    HOURS    IF    NOT 
RELIEVED.  DAILY      DOSE     3     TABLETS. 


THE  ANACIN  COMPANY,  WALKERVILLE 


137 


tjECAUSE  IT  HAS  A  PLEASANT  TASTE !  That's 

one  reason  why  patients  appreciate  your  consider- 
ation in  recommending  Para-Sylha,  Abbott,  when  a 
laxative  is  indicated.  It  does  not  have  that  oily  taste 
so  disagreeable  to  many  individuals,  but  on  the  con- 
trary has  a  delicate  flavor  of  which  one  does  not  tire. 
Likewise,  its  oil  base  is  so  finely  divided  that  embarras- 
sing oil  ''leakage"  seldom  occurs.  Other  important 
advantages  are  that  it  is  an  emulsion  containing 
80%  heavy  mineral  oil  against  35  to  65%  for  similar, 
widely  advertised  products;  it  pours  readily  and  if 
desired  can  be  mixed  with  hquid  or  solid  food; 
its  action  is  purely  mechanical;  and  it  con- 
tains no  sugar  or  digestible  carbohydrates, 
hence  may  be  ignored  in  caloric  calcula- 
tions. Para-SylJia  is  supplied  in  16-fluid 
ounce  bottles  either  plain,  for  ordinary 
cases  of  constipation,  or  with  0.32% 
phenol  phthalein    for    obstinate    cases. 
Literature  will  be  sent  on  request.  Abbott 
Laboratories  Limited,  20  Bates  Road, 
Montreal. 


Para-Syllia 


1S8 


CANADIAN  NURSE 

A     MONTHLY      JOURNAL      FOR      THE      NURSES      OF       CANADA 
PUBLISHED     BY      THE      CANADIAN    NURSES     ASSOCIATION 


VOLUME  THIRTY-BIGHT 


NUMBER  THREE 


MARCH,    1942 


We  Go  Forward  Together 


Not  long  ago,  in  the  City  of  New 
York,  twenty-five  women,  all  of  them 
nurses,  sat  in  conference  round  a  large 
oval  table.  Presiding  was  Julia  Stimson, 
president  of  the  American  Nurses  Asso- 
ciation and  chairman  of  the  Nursing 
Council  on  National  Defense.  The  call- 
ing of  that  meeting  was  in  itself  a  mar- 
shalling of  the  vast  resources  of  Ameri- 
can nursing  for  war  service  at  home  and 
abroad.  This  Council  includes  represen- 
tatives of  the  American  Nurses  Asso- 
ciation, the  National  League  of  Nursing 
Education,  the  National  Organization 
for  Public  Health  Nursing,  the  Army 
and  Navy  Nursing  Services,  the  Ameri- 
can Red  Cross  Nursing  Service,  and  the 
Public  Health  Service  of  the  United 
States. 

In  co-operation  with  other  groups, 
the  Council  has  already  a  considerable 
body  of  achievement  to  its  credit.  With 
the  active  assistance  of  the  Public  Health 
Service  of  the  United  States,  a  complete 
inventory  has  been   taken   of  all   nurses 

MARCH.   1942 


who  are  poten'^ially  available  for  duty 
in  various  fields  of  nursing.  A  far-reach- 
ing recruitment  scheme,  designed  to  at- 
tract 50,000  students  for  schools  of 
nursing  throughout  the  country,  is  al- 
ready under  way.  Steps  are  being  taken 
to  set  up  co-ordinated  State  Nursing 
Councils  on  National  Defense  in  all  the 
forty-eight  States.  The  Federal  Govern- 
ment grant  of  two  and  a  quarter  million 
dollars  is  being  allocated  to  various 
schools  of  nursing  and  departments  of 
nursing  in  universities  in  order  to  aug- 
ment the  teaching  personnel  and  broaden 
educational  facilities.  In  other  words, 
American  nurses  are  displaying  the  capa- 
city for  enlightened  planning  and  effi- 
cient organization  which  is  so  eminently 
characteristic  of  the  nation  as  a  whole. 
Thanks  to  the  courtesy  of  the  Nursing 
Council  on  National  Defense,  the  Cana- 
dian Nurses  Association  was  also  re- 
presented at  this  historic  and  inspiring 
conference.  A  brief  outline  of  what  we 
have   accomplished   in   Canada   was   re- 


160 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


ceived  with  understanding  and  sincere 
appreciation.  The  statement  that,  in  ad- 
dition to  meeting  the  demands  for  nurs- 
ing service  in  the  Royal  Canadian  Army 
Medical  Corps,  the  Royal  Canadian 
Air  Force  and  the  Canadian  Navy,  we 
have  also  recruited  three  hundred  Nurs- 
ing Sisters  for  our  sister  Dominion  of 
South  Africa  was  received  with  applause. 
Incidentally,  it  was  mentioned  that  these 
Nursing  Sisters  had  made  an  excellent 
impression  during  their  brief  stay  in  New 
York  on  their  way  overseas.  Their 
smart  appearance  and  military  precision 
were  admired  by  everyone  with  whom 
they  came  in  contact  and  especially  by 
the  American  nurses  who  so  hospitably 
entertained  them. 


The  appointment  by  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association  of  Miss  Kathleen 
Ellis  as  national  nursing  adviser  received 
most  favorable  comment.  It  was  evi- 
dently regarded  as  a  thoroughly  practical 
means  of  carrying  out  our  plans  for  the 
expansion  of  educational  facilities  while 
at  the  same  time  affording  expert  counsel 
and  assistance  to  hospitals  and  schools 
of  nursing. 

Fortunately  ,the  relationships  between 
Canadian  and  American  nurses  have 
always  been  most  cordial.  Now  that  we 
are  confronted  by  a  common  danger  we 
shall  continue  to  go  forward  together 
towards  the  achievement  of  our  common 
task. 

—  E.  T. 


New  Ways  in  Wartime 


In  her  New  Year's  message  which 
appeared  in  the  January  issue  of  the 
Journoly  Miss  Fairley  very  graciously 
introduced  the  Emergency  Nursing  Ad- 
viser when  she  announced  her  temporary 
appointment  with  the  Canadian  Nurses 
Association.  Doubtless  the  readers  of  the 
Journal^  and  co-workers  of  this  new 
appointee,  will  be  interested  in  hearing 
more  about  the  initial  plans  that  have 
been  launched.  It  seems  very  essential 
to  share  this  information  as  the  effort 
is  distinctly  a  co-operative  one. 

To  understand  the  purpose  of  the  ap- 
pointment one  must  turn  back  to  the 
pages  of  the  Journal  and  review  the  re- 
commendations that  resulted  from  the 
Joint  Conference  called  by  the  Cana- 
dian Nurses  Association  and  held  in 
Montreal  in  September,  1941.  It  is 
significant  to  remember  that  the  nine 
Provinces  in  Canada  were  represented 
at  this  meeting  and  that  the  recommen- 


dations were  passed  without  a  dissenting 
vote. 

Before  this  article  appears  in  the  Jour- 
naly  and  indeed  already,  action  has  been 
taken  in  a  number  of  provinces.  De- 
finite recommendations  have  been  made 
and  Canadian  nurses  are  not  slow  to  ac- 
cept a  challenge.  Since  the  meeting  in 
September,  a  great  deal  has  been  done  to 
prepare  the  way  for  the  Adviser  who 
enters  upon  her  new  and  very  important 
duties  with  every  confidence  that  she 
will  receive  most  active  support  from 
nurses  throughout  Canada  —  support 
that  is  most  essential  to  the  success  of 
the  undertaking.  Each  provincial  asso- 
ciation has  now  been  asked  to  appoint 
a  representative  member  to  work  with 
the  Adviser.  A  special  advisory  commit- 
tee has  been  appointed  by  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association.  In  the  opinion  of 
this  committee,  some  of  the  recommen- 
dations should    take    precedence    in    the 


Vol.  38  No.  3 


NEW   WAYS    IN   WARTIME 


161 


order  in  which  they  are  considered.  This 
is  suggested  with  a  view  to  obtaining 
more  immediate  action  on  those  that  are 
designed  to  meet  the  most  urgent  needs. 
This  suggestion  has  been  kept  in  mind 
in  the  following  review  of  the  recom- 
mendations : 

It  is  recommended  that  a  wide  ap- 
proach he  rruade  7iow  to  the  directors  of 
nursing  schools  and  that  the  directors  of 
these  scjfools  select  now,  for  post-grad- 
uate  courses  next  year,  certain  graduates 
{or  seniors  very  nearly  at  the  end  of 
their  training).  When  this  is  indicated , 
it  is  recommended  Jiat  the  directors  plan 
a  programme  of  experience  for  these  se- 
lected people  to  occupy  the  m-onths  in- 
\\ervening  before  the  post-graduate  course 
starts  and  thdt  tlJe  directors  help  the 
selected  students  to  make  the  necessar\ 
financial  arrangements.  It  is  further  re- 
commended that,  through  careful  and 
iminediale  planning,  better  and  fuller 
use  he  mGde  of  facilities  for  existing  post- 
graduate courses.  The  following  pointi 
are  stressed',  (a)  the  enrolment  of  m,ore 
candidates;  (b)  the  better  selection  of 
candidates;  (c)  the  development  of  par- 
ticular post-graduate  courses  which  max 
he  needed  Ho  meet  ne%v  demands  upon 
the  nursing  profession. 

With  a  view  to  ensuring  the  early  se- 
lection of  nurses  for  post-graduate  cour- 
ses in  university  schools  of  nursing  during 
the  coming  year,  it  is  recommended 
that  an  individual  approach  be  made 
at  this  time  to  authorities  in  approved 
schools  of  nursing  in  each  province.  The 
soundness  of  the  recommendations  will 
appeal  to  the  harassed  superintendent  of 
nurses  who  has  sometimes  sought  in 
vain  for  nurses  to  fill  positions  that  de- 
mand special  qualifications,  but  boards 
of  directors,  alumnae  associations  ancj 
others  must  also  be  convinced  and  in- 
terested —  not  only  in  finding  suitable 
nurses  to  take  post-graduate  work,  but 
in  securing  financial  assistance  for  them, 


if  this  is  necessary.  Promising  nurses 
themselves  must  be  guided  to  take  a 
long-range  point  of  view  and  to  pre- 
pare themselves  to  give  immediate  sup- 
port and  also  to  share  the  responsibilities 
of  rehabilitation  that  will  follow  later. 

TVhile  it  is  felt  to  be  desirable  to  make 
the  appeal  as  far-reaching  as  possible, 
it  is  necessary  that  the  nurses  selected 
or  post-graduate  work  in  universities 
meet  the  qualifications  of  general  educa- 
tion. Their  professional  qualifications 
should  also  be  adequate  as  evidenced  by 
the  record  of  their  basic  course,  and  any 
further  experience  that  they  have  had 
as  graduate  nurses.  It  is  hoped  that  every 
recognized  school  in  Canada  will  secure 
at  least  one  nurse.  It  is  expected  that 
schools  with  greater  educational  and 
nursing  resources  will  find  a  larger  num- 
ber from  their  graduating  classes  and 
alumnae.  The  aim  is  to  secure  nurses 
who  have  demonstrated  their  ability  for 
leadership  and  who  have  shown  that 
they  are  possessed  of  qualifications  that 
recommend  them  as  desirable  candidates 
for  post-graduate  work.  With  reference 
to  financial  assistance,  in  addition  to  the 
Loan  Fund  established  by  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association,  financial  aid  may  be 
sought  from  the  boards  of  directors  in 
hospitals  and  schools,  alumnae  associa- 
tions, and  other  nursing  or  even  lay  or- 
ganizations. 

Thought  may  well  be  given  at  this 
time  to  the  recommendation  "that  par- 
ticular post-graduate  courses  be  devel- 
oped". This  would  include  post-graduate 
courses  in  medical  and  surgical  nursing, 
operating  technique  and  other  specia- 
lities which  demand  preparation  for  ad- 
ministrative, supervisory  and  teaching 
duties.  Such  courses  would  be  centred 
in  the  hospitals  offering  the  necessary 
opportunities  but  might  also  be  linked  up 
with  university  schools  of  nursing.  The 
nurse  would  then  register  as  a  student 
and    obtain    the    experience    that    is    es- 


MARCH,  1942 


162 


THE   CANADIAN    NURSE 


sential  for  her  development  which  should 
be  studied  apart  from  the  service  require- 
ments of  the  hospital.  With  the  appre- 
ciation of  the  need  for  such  courses,  there 
is  every  assurance  that  an  enthusiastic 
response  would  support  this  development. 
It  is  recommended  that  conditions 
m.ost  fundamental  to  the  welfare  of  stu- 
dent nurses  and  to  their  professional  edu- 
cation he  imfroved,  and  thus  attraci 
better  candidates  to  nursing  schools.  The 
special  foints  affroved  are  (a)  the  eight- 
/kiur  dcy  and  the  ninety -six  hour  fort- 
night be  affked  at  least  during  the  fre- 
liminary  term;  (b)  iVi^  permitting  of 
student  nurses  to  live  at  home  at  least 
during  the  freliminary  term. 

In  view  of  the  increasing  number  of 
calls  being  made  for  women  to  serve  in 
other  fields,  it  may  be  well  that  the  num- 
ber of  applicants  to  schools  of  nursing 
may  decrease.  Careful  and  analytical 
consideration  of  conditions  most  funda- 
mental to  the  welfare  of  the  student 
nurses  and  to  their  professional  educa- 
tion is  very  essential,  if  desirable  young 
women  are  to  be  attracted  to  nursing  in 
requisite  numbers.  Hours  of  duty  and 
living  conditions  are  outstanding  factors 
that  may  influence  a  decision  for  or 
against  nursing. 

Much  has  already  been  done  in 
Schools  to  add  to  the  comfort  of  student 
nurses  and  to  safeguard  their  health,  but 
in  some  schools  much  has  still  to  be  ac- 
complished. Superintendents  of  nurses 
and  others  in  authority  have  made  va- 
liant efforts  to  secure  improvements,  as 
seen  in  many  of  the  new  buildings,  addi- 
tions and  alterations  that  have  come  into 
being  during  recent  years.  Hours  of 
duty  have  been  reduced,  but  continue  to 
be  too  long  in  most  instances.  As  a  de- 
finite step  it  is  now  recommended  that 
eight  hours  in  any  one  day  be  the  maxi- 
mum period  for  which  these  students  in 
the  preliminary  course  should  be  posted, 
including     ward    duty,     classroom    and 


study  periods.  A  whole  day  off  duty  at 
least  once  a  week  is  surely  very  desirable. 
Living  conditions  also  present  problems 
in  many  situations,  both  in  order  to  meet 
immediate  needs  and  also  when  any  in- 
crease in  personnel  is  considered.  Hence 
the  recommendation  that  students  be 
permitted  to  live  at  home  at  least  during 
the  preliminary  period,  when  feasible. 

It  is  recommended  that  in  service 
education  be  extended  and  enriched. 
One  suggestion  is  that  a  visiting  instruc- 
tor be  irwde  available  to  improve  the 
clinical  teaching  of  inexperienced  head 
nurses  and  instructors. 

The  extension  of  educational  oppor- 
tunities for  members  of  the  nursing  staff 
is  felt  to  be  one  means  of  stabilizing 
nursing  services  and  of  filling  in  gaps 
that  inevitably  have  been  created  during 
the  present  crisis,  when  many  specially 
prepared  nurses  have  volunteered  for 
military  and  other  service.  Surely  it  is  a 
significant  tribute  to  advanced  prepara- 
tion, that  so  many  specially  qualified 
nurses  have  received  signal  recognition 
when  these  appointments  have  been 
made.  The  possibility  of  the  nurses  in 
neighbouring  provinces  joining  forces  to 
secure  the  services  of  a  visiting  instruc- 
tor seems  very  well  worth  considering. 
An  alert  and  experienced  teacher  could 
first  evaluate  the  educational  resources 
of  the  school  and  indicate  how  they 
might  be  used  to  the  best  advantage. 
Then  she  could  plan  to  supplement 
them  as  seemed  best  in  the  circum- 
stances. 

It  seems  that  the  time  has  come  when 
every  effort  should  be  made  to  urge 
nurses  whose  services  are  recognized  to 
be  of  special  value  in  certain  situations, 
to  weigh  carefully  their  responsibilities 
before  relinquishing  positions  and  work 
for  which  they  are  specially  prepared  and 
are  needed.  Calls  for  overseas  service 
must,  and  will,  be  answered,  but  mili- 
tary authorities  have  stated  that  few  of 
the    positions   overseas   now   suggest   the 

Vol.   »8  No.   J 


NEW   WAYS    IN   \^^  A  R  T  I  M  E 


163 


need  for  nurses  with  special  preparation. 
With  this  assurance,  may  it  not  be  pos- 
sible that  future  calls  will  be  for  nurses 
who  have  been  engaged  in  bedside  nurs- 
ing rather  than  in  administrative,  teach- 
ing and  supervisory  duties? 

It  is  recommended  that  married  and 
retired  nurses  be  recalled  to  active  serv- 
ice j  and  that  some  method  be  arranged 
for  bridging  the  gop  for  tHose  who  have 
been  away  from  service  for  some  length 
of  time. 

It  is  understood  that  courses  for  mar- 
ried and  inactive  nurses  have  been  or- 
ganized in  a  good  many  centres  through- 
out the  Dominion  and  that  this  develop- 
ment has  met  with  an  enthusiastic  res- 
ponse. A  double  purpose  may  be  served 
by  such  courses  by  placing  on  reserve  a 
corps  of  experienced  and  mature  women 
who  have  signified  their  wilhngness  to 
help  in  any  emergency  and  renewing 
their  interest  in  the  needs  of  the  hospitals 
and  schools.  Therefore,  it  would  seem 
that  every  effort  should  be  made  to  im- 
prove and  extend  relationships  with  this 
group.  It  is  felt  that  this  source  of  help 
may  well  be  thoroughly  explored,  but 
that  short  courses  and  other  abortive 
measures  for  meeting  the  present  and 
future  needs  should  be  approached  with 
caution.  It  has  been  suggested  that 
courses  of  lectures  for  married  and  inac- 
tive nurses  may  well  be  supplemented  by 
practical  experience  in  wards  and  in 
departments  of  local  hospitals. 

It  is  true  that  some  problems  of  serv- 
ice in  hospitals  may  be  relieved  by  tjie 
ward  aide,  or  housekeeper,  but  in  the 
interests  of  the  public  and  of  the  pro- 
fession the  service  of  these  workers 
should  be  definitely  restricted  to  duties 
that  are  of  a  non-educational  nature. 
Nursing  responsibilities  should  not  be 
delegated  to  them.  It  is  believed  by  many 
that  mature  women  of  the  older  age- 
group  are  the  most  satisfactory  for  this 
type  of  work. 


It  is  recommended  that  general  duty 
nurses  be  given  better  professional  status 
as  members  of  the  nursing  staff  of  th^ 
hospital  and  that  consideration  be  given 
to  a  higher  rat-e  of  rem,uneraUon  for  their 
services. 

Almost  insidiously  the  general  duty 
nurse  has  crept  into  the  hospital  service. 
Today  she  is  an  indispensable  part  of  it. 
It  seems  most  reasonable  to  urge  that 
her  status  should  be  improved.  There 
are  many  ways  in  which  her  invaluable 
services  may  be  recognized.  In  the  pro- 
gramme of  in-service  education  it  is  re- 
commended that  her  special  needs  and 
interests  be  considered.  Recognition  of 
her  services  through  higher  remunera- 
tion and  reasonable  hours  of  duty  is  quite 
essential.  A  sliding  scale  of  salary  and 
possibilities  of  promotion  are  incentives 
that  may  well  be  offered  to  this  invalu- 
able member  of  a  hospital  staff.  In  con- 
sidering the  status  of  the  general  duty 
nurse  the  recommendations  that  appear 
in  the  report  of  the  Nursing  Committee 
of  the  Canadian  Hospital  Council  offer 
some  very  pertinent  suggestions.  They 
are  recommendations  adopted  by  the 
American  Nurses  Association  and  Na- 
tional League  of  Nursing  Education,  but 
are  applicable  to  situations  in  Canada, 
especially  if  the  services  of  our  nurses 
are  to  be  retained  in  this  country. 

It  is  recoTnmended  thcit  the  policy  of 
the  central  preliminary  school  be  ap- 
proved and  that  such  schools  be  set  up 
in  one  or  more  centres  where  it  seems 
advisable   to   undertake   the   experiment. 

The  policies  regarding  the  central 
preliminary  school  are  still  to  be  worked 
out.  It  is  an  interesting  recommendation 
and  not  too  fantastic  to  interest  some 
enterprising  groups.  The  establishment 
of  even  one  such  school  in  Canada  would 
provide  a  field  for  research  and  possi- 
bilities of  further  developments  along 
similar  lines.  This  plan  is  designed  not 
only  to  ensure  more  thorough  instruc- 


MARCH.  1942 


164 


THE   CANADIAN    NURSE 


tion,  but  to  relieve  the  demands  made 
up>on  the  teaching  personnel  and  to  re- 
lease the  student  nurse  from  prolonged 
periods  in  the  classroom  during  her  hos- 
pital experience,  at  least  in  the  preli- 
minary course. 

Conclusion:  In  carrying  on  her  work 
the  Emergency  Nursing  Adviser  is  look- 
ing forward  to  the  many  personal  con- 
tacts that  are  felt  to  be  most  important. 
It  is  planned  that  she  will  visit  each  prov- 
ince in  Canada.  Even  before  this  article 
appears  it  is  hoped  that  a  more  detailed 


announcement  of  the  Adviser's  itinerary 
will  have  to  be  made.  A  review  of  these 
Recommendations  makes  it  apparent 
that  their  implications  are  far-reaching. 
The)'  not  only  affect  the  present  crisis, 
but  anticipate  the  period  of  reconstruc- 
tion that  must  follow.  They  touch  prob- 
lems that  are  of  intimate  concern  to 
every  nurse  in  Canada. 

Kathleen  W.  Ellis, 

Emergency  Nursing  Adviser^ 
Canadian  Nurses  Assoctatioyi. 


Jeanne  Mance 

Sister  Denise  Lefebvre 


The  Bayeux  tapestries,  purchased 
with  enormous  sums  and  used  to  adorn 
the  castles  of  the  nobles  and  the  palaces 
of  kings,  are  world  famous.  These  works 


Jeanne  Mance 


of  marvelous  skill  reproduce  the  deeds 
of  Crusaders  and  the  miracles  of  saints. 
Have  you  ever  heard  with  what  infinite 
care  these  tapestries  are  woven?  The 
weaver  sits  at  his  loom,  over  his  head 
hangs  the  design  or  model  that  he  is  to 
reproduce,  a  thousand  threads  of  various 
colours  and  lengths  are  within  reach  of 
his  deft  fingers.  With  his  eyes  constantly 
riveted  upon  the  model,  he  works  the 
threads,  interlacing  them,  intertwining 
them,  weaving  the  woof  of  colour  into 
the  warp  of  shade,  and  through  the 
grooves  of  the  loom  sending  the  shuttle 
to  and  fro,  knitting  piece  to  piece  of  the 
design.  He  looks  only  at  the  rougher 
side  of  the  fabric  while  it  rolls  slowly, 
inch  by  inch,  around  the  transversal  rol- 
ler. Until  his  work  is  completed,  the 
weaver  sees  only  the  rough  edges,  the 
untrimmed  knots  and  threads,  of  the 
reverse  side  of  his  tapaetry.  But  after  its 
completion,  when  he  unrolls  the  can- 
vas, he  can  admire,  for  the  first  time, 
the  result  of  his  skilled  labour. 

Now  that  three  hundred  years  have 


Vol.  38  No.  5 


JEANNE   MANCE 


165 


elapsed  since  the  foundation  of  Mont- 
real, let  us,  like  the  Bayeux  tapestry 
weaver,  unroll  and  admire  one  of  the 
most  beautiful  and  inspiring  canvases 
depicting,  with  its  lights  and  shadows, 
the  life-work  of  a  great  heroine  in  Cana- 
dian history,  Jeanne  Mance.  In  the  se- 
venteenth century,  every  person  in 
France  was  talking  about  that  New 
France  away  off  in  the  unknown  lands 
beyond  the  sea.  The  Religious  Orders 
were  burning  with  zeal  for  the  conver- 
sion of  the  Indians.  The  Canadian  mis- 
sions were  the  talk  of  the  Court,  and 
ladies  of  noble  birth  asked  no  greater 
privilege  than  to  be  allowed  to  spend 
their  fortune  to  aid  in  christianizing  the 
dusky  races  of  the  New  World.  These 
stories  reached  the  ears  of  Jeanne  Man- 
ce, the  daughter  of  a  magistrate  of  the 
Province  of  Champagne,  then  thirty- 
four  years  of  age,  who  had  felt  from 
childhood  the  desire  to  consecrate  her 
entire  life  to  the  service  of  God. 

Her  religious  sentiments  seemed  al- 
ways to  have  drawn  her,  not  towards 
the  cloister  and  its  seclusion  from  the 
world,  but  rather  towards  suffering  hu- 
manity. Now  that  her  father  and  mo- 
ther were  dead,  her  sisters  and  brothers 
all  grown  up  and  established  in  life, 
Jeanne  had  no  longer  any  domestic  and 
family  ties  to  restrain  her.  She  therefore 
resolved  to  go  to  Canada  in  order  to 
work  toward  the  civilizing  and  chris- 
tianizing of  that  colony.  Long  and  se- 
vere was  the  struggle  she  had  to  sustain 
against  the  opponents  of  her  calling,  a 
struggle  that  might  easily  have  turned 
one  of  a  less  heroic  character  away  from 
the  path  that  she  considered  to  be  traced 
for  her  by  the  finger  of  God.  Nothing 
daunted  her,  however,  and  at  last  the 
eventful  morning  dawned  wnen  she  was 
permitted  to  leave  France.  It  was  a 
glorious  day  in  June,  when  all  nature 
seems  to  smile  in  the  fullness  of  the 
year.  After  almost  two  months  of  peril- 


ous sea-travel  and  nearly  a  year  of  stay 
at  Quebec,  she  set  out  for  Ville-Man'e. 
It  was  on  a  beautiful  day  in  the  lovely 
month  of  May  that  Jeanne  Mance  and 
her  companions  arrived  at  Montreal. 
From -that  day,  she  lost  no  time  in  get- 
ting down  to  work.  The  great  need  of 
the  colony  was  some  sort  of  hospital  to 
care  for  the  settlers  and  Indians.  Jeanne 
Mance,  although  not  a  so-called  "trained 
nurse",  undertook  this  work.  The  first 
patient  for  her  hospital,  which  was  not 
yet  erected,  was  a  colonist  victim  of  the 
cruel  Iroquois.  She  took  care  of  him  in 
her  own  home  which  she  utilized  until 
it  could  no  longer  accommodate  the 
increasing  number  of  patients.  Then  a 
separate  building,  made  of  the  rough 
pines  of  the  forest,  was  erected  and 
called  the  Hotel-Dieu.  Quite  small,  but 
sufficient  for  its  purpose,  the  litle  hos- 
pital consisted  of  a  kitchen,  a  room  for 
Jeanne  Mance,  a  room  for  her  servants, 
and  two  large  rooms  for  the  sick.  Near- 
by, a  Chapel  was  built. 

The  continued  warfare  of  the  savage 
Indians  supplied  the  Hotel-Dieu  with  a 
constant  flow  of  patients,  all  more  or 
less  dangerously  ill,  and  all  in  continual 
need  of  treatment  and  nursing.  Fre- 
quently it  happened  that  Indians  were 
severely  wounded  and  left  on  the  field 
of  battle.  These  were  carried  to  the  hos- 
pital and  cared  for  by  Jeanne  Mance. 
But  s©  ungrateful  were  they,  aad  such 
was  the  wickedness  of  their  nature,  that 
they  invariably  made  trouble  and  sought 
to  repay  by  direst  deeds  of  savagery 
all  the  kindness  showered  on  them.  So 
true  was  this,  that  M.  de  Maisonneuve 
often  had  to  station  one  or  more  soldiei^ 
in  the  wards  in  order  to  protect  the  pa- 
tients and  the  nurses  from  the  attacks  of 
the  convalescent  Indians.  These  condi- 
tions did  not  discourage  Jeanne;  she 
served  the  sick,  whether  friends  or  ene- 
mies, with  the  same  self-sacrificing  de- 
votien,   her   sole   object   being   to   direct 


MARCH.  1942 


166 


THE   CANADIAN  NURSE 


toward  Heaven  the  minds  of  the  af- 
flicted while  with  untiring  zeal  she 
cared  for  their  physical  ailments,  and 
thereby  transformed  philanthropy  into 
charity. 

So  great  was  her  desire  to  convert 
the  Indians  that  more  than  once  she 
and  other  distinguished  persons  of  Ville- 
Marie  arranged  a  festival  for  the  Iro- 
quois. By  these  means  she  succeeded  in 
obtaining  a  little  peace  for  the  colony, 
and  in  converting  some  of  these  terrible 
enemies.  These  conversions  were  a  great 
compensation  for  all  the  trials  and  suf- 
ferings that  she  had  to  endure.  So  nu- 
merous  and  so  constant  were  these  trials 
and  sufferings  that  some  of  the  best  dis- 
posed people  of  the  time  were  urged  to 


ask:  "Why  does  she  not  give  up  a  mis- 
sion that  is  so  evidently  hedged  in  with 
impossible  conditions?"  But  Jeanne  si- 
lently and  ever  actively  continued  along 
the  way  that  she  knew  would  lead  to 
final  success.  In  1659  she  went  back 
to  France  and  returned  with  three  Sis- 
ters of  the  Hospitallers  of  St.  Joseph. 
She  herself  did  not  regard  the  hoS{>itaI 
as  truly  founded  until  the  arrival  of  these 
women.  The  founding  of  the  Hotel- 
Dieu  in  Canada  is  the  most  outstanding 
achievement  of  her  life,  and  it  stands  to 
our  day  a  monument  of  that  courageous 
and  noble  woman  who  devoted  her  life 
to  the  care  of  the  sick. 

In  1642,  Father  Barthelemy  Vimont, 
S.   T-j  after  celebrating  the  first  Mass  at 


Courtesy  of  Montreal  Tourtst  and  Convention  Bureau 


Treasured  -possessions  of  Margt4er'tte  BourgeoySy  a  friend  of  Jeanne  Mance^  may 
still  he  seen  at  St.  Gabriel's  Farm.  Built  about  1689,  it  is  the  froferty  of  the  Reli- 
gious Order  of  which  Marguerif^  Bourgeoys  was  a  member. 


Vol.  38  No.  J 


ACUTE   OTITIS   MEDIA 


167 


Montreal,  had  addressed  Jeanne  Mance 
and  her  heroic  companions,  saying, 
"You  are  as  a  grain  of  mustard  seed 
that  shall  rise  and  grow  till  its  branches 
overshadow  the  earth.  You  are  few,  but 
this  work  is  the  work  of  God.  His  smile 
is  upon  you,  and  your  work  shall  fill 
the  land."  When  Jeanne  Mance  died 
in  1673  in  June,  she  could  perceive  that 
the  seed  she  had  sowed  in  suffering  and 
adversity  would  take  deep  root  in  Cana- 
dian soil,  and  that  it  would  come  forth 
from  the  earth  to  develop  into  a  noble 
tree,  and  indeed  today  it  rears  its  sublime 
head  amidst  a  wilderness  of  institutions, 
and  its  name  is  the  Hotel-Dieu  of  Mont- 
real. 

While  unrolling  the  precious  ima- 
ginary canvas,  depicting  the  life  of  Jeaii- 
ne  Mance,  we  have  shown  that  the  he- 
roine wove  her  career  with  skill  and  pa- 
tience, with  confidence  and  perseverance. 


her  eyes  fixed  upon  the  model,  Our  Lord 
Himself,  whom  she  saw  in  the  persons 
of  the  poor  and  the  sick.  Her  unwaver- 
ing faith  was  the  bright  shuttle  which 
moved  through  all  the  complex  and 
numberless  threads  of  activity  with 
which  she  wrought  the  lights  and  sha- 
dows in  the  fabric  of  her  achievement. 
She  went  forth  to  her  reward,  but  under 
the  shelter  of  the  institutions  she  founded, 
hundreds  of  thousands  of  the  weary, 
the  faint,  the  sick,  the  wounded,  the 
stricken,  the  agonizing  and  the  departed, 
from  generation,  to  generation,  have 
found  repose,  care,  protection,  temporal 
relief,  or  cure,  and  frequently  eternal 
salvation.  This  heroine  is  not  dead;  she- 
lives  in  her  work;  she  lives  in  the  heart 
of  the  Community  that  carries  on  her 
work;  she  lives  in  Canadian  history; 
she  hves  in  the  history  of  nursing;  she 
lives  above  all,  with  God. 


Acute  Otitis  Media 


Angus  A.  Campbell,  M.B.,   L.R.C.P.,  L.R.C.S.  (Edin.) 


Acute  otitis  media  may  be  catarrhal 
or  suppurative  and  in  the  early  stages  it 
may  be  difficult  to  differentiate  between 
them.  In  the  acute  catarrhal  type  there 
is  the  usual  history  of  a  head  cold  or  one 
of  the  acute  fevers  followed  by  stuffi- 
ness and  clicking  sounds  in  the  ear. 
There  is  impairmejit  of  hearing,  a  hiss- 
ing or  throbbing  noise  and  a  varjing 
degree  of  pain  sometimes  rather  severe. 
Sometimes  blebs  form  on  the  drum  or 
inner  part  of  the  canal  and  when  these 
rupture  a  blood  stained  serum  is  dis- 
charged which  may  be  mistaken  for  a 
middle  ear  abscess.  This  condition  tends 
to  get  well  of  itself  although  the  patient 
may  get  considerable  relief  from  warm 
50%  B.  P.  Keith's  dressing,  local  heat 


iuid,  as  the  acute  symptoms  subside, 
gentle  inflation  of  the  ear.  Patients  with 
head  colds  should  be  cautioned  against 
violent  blowing  of  the  nose  or  douching 
the  nose  under  pressure  lest  infection  be 
forced  up  the  Eustachian  tube  to  the 
middle  ear.  Injury  to  the  ear  may  rup- 
ture the  drum  causing  partial  deafness 
and  a  discharge  of  blood  or  even  cerebro- 
spinal fluid.  Dry  sterile  dressings  only 
should  be  used  as  drops  or  syringing 
may  carry  infection  to  the  middle  ear. 

If  the  catarrhal  condition  progresses 
and  the  symptoms  increase  suppuration 
takes  place.  Some  of  the  pus  and  mucus 
may  drain  down  the  Eustachian  tube 
but  the  amount  is  usually  too  great  and 
the   drum   begins  to   bulge.   The   drum 


MARCH.  1942 


168 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


may  rupture  or  may  require  to  be  incised. 
In  most  cases  of  acute  suppurative  otitis 
media,  there  is  some  involvement  of 
the  mastoid  antrum  and  mastoid  cells 
with  pain  and  tenderness  over  this  area 
but  this  usually  subsides  with  heat  and 
sedatives.  Acute  suppurative  otit^is  media 
is  a  self-limited  disease  and  tends  to  get 
well  in  about  two  weeks.  The  discharge 
at  first  is  thin  and  blood  stained  but  as 
nature  walls  off  the  infected  area  it 
gets  thicker  and  diminishes  in  amount. 
Treatment  consists  in  keeping  the  ear 
free  of  discharge  preferably  by  wiping, 
always  being  careful  not  to  wipe  off  the 
delicate  skin  in  the  canal  which  becomes 
soggy  from  the  discharge.  Mild  anti- 
septics such  as  weak  alcohol  drops  are 
helpful.  Chemotherapy  should  not  be 
used  in  the  ordinary  mild  case  but  should 
be  reserved  for  the  severer  cases  with 
complications. 

In  nursing  acute  suppurative  otitis 
media  constant  watch  must  be  main- 
tained for  complications.  If  the  pain 
persists,  especially  at  night,  bone  inflam- 
mation must  be  suspected.  If  the  dis- 
charge is  profuse  and  continues  longer 
than  three  weeks  mastoid  infection  must 
be  considered.  If  the  temperature  keeps 
up,  drainage  is  not  sufficient  and  if 
fever  remains  constantly  high  with  cons- 
tant severe  headaches  and  vomiting  me- 
ningitis must  be  thought  of.  If  the  fever 
is  of  the  swinging  mountain  peak  type, 
accompanied  by  chills,  thrombosis  of 
some  of  the  veins  or  lateral  sinus  must 
be  suspected.  Profound  deafness  is  not 
a  good  sign  and  if  it  is  accompanied  by 
dizziness,  vomiting  and  spontaneous  nys- 
tagmus some  form  of  labyrinthitis  is 
present. 

Operations  on  the  mastoid  are  of 
two  main  types:  the  simple,  and  the 
radical  op)erations.  The  terms  simple 
and  radical  are  confusing  as  sometimes 
more  extensive  operating  is  done  in  a 
simple    than    in    a    radical.    The    simple 


operation  is  done  in  the  acute  case  while 
tlie  radical  is  done  on  the  chronic  case 
and  the  radical  part  applies  to  the  middle 
car.  The  remains  of  the  drum,  malleus 
and  incus  are  removed  in  the  radical 
operation  and  the  mastoid  antrum,  to- 
gether with  the  aditus  and  middle  ear, 
are  made  into  one  cavity  which  is  drained 
through  an  enlarged  external  auditory 
canal  and  the  wound  closed  up  behind 
the  ear.  After  a  radical  operation  a  dry 
ear  is  the  usual  result  and  the  hearing, 
while  never  normal,  is  about  the  same  as 
before  the  operation.  The  patient  is 
much  less  liable  to  serious  infection  after 
a  radical  of)eration  than  before. 

The  simple  mastoid  operation  is  done 
on  the  acute  case  and  except  in  fulminat- 
ing cases  is  not  done  till  two  or  three 
weeks  have  elapsed.  In  other  words  it  is 
not  done  until  the  infection  has  been 
walled  off  by  nature.  The  usual  prepa- 
ration is  made  behind  the  ear,  shaving 
the  scalp  at  least  an  inch  beyond  the  hair 
line.  A  circular  incision  is  made  behind 
the  ear,  the  bone  exposed  and  the  mas- 
toid cells  opened.  All  the  diseased  bone 
is  removed,  often  exposing  the  dura 
above  and  the  lateral  sinus  behind.  If  the 
lateral  sinus  is  found  to  be  diseased  the 
vessel  should  be  opened  and  the  clot 
removed  and  the  cavity  securely  packed. 
The  jugular  vein  may  be  tied  although 
opinions  differ  on  this  procedure.  The 
wound  is  packed  with  iodoform  gauze 
ajid  partly  closed.  The  outside  dressing 
may  be  changed  in  forty-eight  hours 
but  the  packing  in  the  wound  may  be 
left  from  five  to  seven  days  before 
changing.  The  surgeon  is  always  hope- 
ful that  the  ear  will  be  dry  at  the  first 
mastoid  dressing  and  if  it  is  he  knows 
all  the  cells  have  been  drained.  Mild 
infection  in  the  wound  is  common  and 
stitches  cannot  often  be  left  in  longer 
than  five  days.  Rarely,  erysipelas  develops 
in  the  wound  but  is  not  usually  danger- 
ous. Any  or  all  of  the  complications  of 

Vol.  38  No.  3 


ACUTE   OTITIS   MEDIA 


169 


•otitis  media  referred   to  above   must  be  a  serious  invasion  of  the  skull,  and  the 

watched  for.  other  is  done  to  prevent  an  acute  mastoid 

Mastoid  operations  are  done  for  two  process  from  developing  into  a  chronic 

main  purposes — one  to  save  life  and  the  one    with    the    consequent   chronic    dis- 

other  to  save  hearing.  The  life  saving  charge    from    the   ear   and   gradual   but 

ojieration  is  done  to  drain  and  prevent  sure  destruction  of  hearing. 


Nursing  Care  in  Acute  Otitis  Media 


Margaret  J.  McInnis 


In  discussing  the  nursing  of  o^'itis 
media  it  is  well  to  review  some  of  the 
predisposing  causes.  The  so-called  com- 
mon cold,  so  often  scorned,  is  the  chief 
cause.  Adenoids,  if  neglected,  may  lead 
to  chronic  discharging  ears.  Infections 
encountered  in  swimming  tanks,  scarlet 
fever  and  measles  are  some  of  the  com- 
mon causes.  The  nursing  care  in  acute 
otitis  media  is  very  important.  The 
temperature  is  usually  very  high.  There- 
fore, the  patient  must  be  kept  strictly 
in  bed  and  given  plenty  of  warm,  sweet- 
ened fluids  to  drink.  The  physician  may 
prescribe  one  of  the  sulphanamide  drugs, 
in  which  case  a  daily  urine  specimen 
must  be  sent  for  examination.  If  the 
eardrum  is  red  and  inflamed  a  fifty  per- 
cent solution  of  Keith's  dressing  may 
be  ordered  to  be  instilled  into  the  canal. 
This  is  always  warmed  to  body  temper- 
ature before  use  as  it  lessens  the  shock 
and   discomfort  to  the   patient. 

If  the  middle  ear  is  discharging  it  is 
very  necessary  to  have  the  canal  wiped 
entirelx  free  of  discharge  at  frequent 
intervals,  the  frequency  depending  on 
the  profuseness  of  the  discharge.  The 
order  may  be  written  for  dry  wiping 
every  three  or  four  hours  but  a  good 
nurse  proves  herself  by  keeping  the 
canal  free  of  discharge.  Sixty-five  per- 
cent alcohol,  or  what  is  known  at  the 


Toronto  General  Hospital  as  Rx  593,  is 
instilled  into  the  canal  after  dry  wiping 
as  an  antiseptic  and  a  drying  agency. 
Rx  503  is  a  compound  of  alcohol,  bora- 
cic  acid,  liquor  bichloridis  and  glycerin. 
If  the  patient  is  well  enough,  he  may 
assist  by  changing,  at  intervals,  the  ab- 
sorbent placed  loosely  at  the  canal  open- 
ing. A  bland  ointment,  such  as  v^aseline 
or  twenty-five  percent  unguentum  hy- 
drarg.  ammonium,  may  be  applied  to 
the  canal  to  prevent  the  absorbent  ad- 
hering to  the  skin,  also  to  prevent  ex- 
coriation from  excessive  discharge.  The 
patient  may  need  a  fairly  heavy  sedative 
at  first.  Heat  applied  externally  may 
also  help  to  relieve  the  pain. 

After  the  ear  has  started  to  discharge 
the  pain  is  greatly  relieved  and  the  tem- 
perature begins  to  drop.  If  this  is  not 
the  case  then  the  patient  must  be  wat- 
ched closely  for  complications.  A  two- 
hourly  temperature  chart  is  often  help- 
ful. Chills  are  most  significant;  any- 
thing from  a  severe  rigor,  in  which  the 
patient  shakes  the  bed,  down  to  the 
merest  suggestion  that  the  patient  feels 
slightly  chilly  may  be  of  utmost  im- 
portance. If,  coupled  with  a  chill,  the 
patient's  temperature  rises  sharply  to 
103  degrees  or  over  and  in  twelve  hours 
or  less  declines  to  98  degrees  a  throm- 
bosis of  the  lateral  sinus  is  evident.   At 


MARCH.   1942 


170 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


this  time  the  surgeon  may  tie  off  the 
internal  jugular  vein  and  cvacu.ttc  the 
infected  clot. 

Meningitis,  another  complication,  is 
suggested  by  continued  high  fever, 
flushed  appearance  of  the  face,  increas- 
ing restlessness  and  stiff  neck.  Brain 
abscess  may  also  show  these  symptoms 
plus  an  increasing  aphasia.  A  marked 
swelling  in  the  neck  below  the  mastoid 
process  should  be  reported  to  the  doctor 
at  once.  This  is  what  is  known  as  a  Be- 
zold's  abscess  caused  by  the  infection 
breaking  through  the  tip  of  the  masi'oid 
process  into  the  soft  tissues  of  the  neck. 

If  the  patient  runs  a  normal  course 
after  the  ear  has  once  started  to  dis- 
charge, complete  healing  should  be  evi- 
dent in  from  ten  days  to  two  weeks.  If 
at  the  end  of  two  weeks  the  patient  still 
complains  of  headache  and  a  feeling  of 
fullness  in  the  ear,  with  or  without  dis- 
charge, a  mastoid  of)eration  is  indicated. 

The  post-operative  nursing  care  of  a 
mastoid  operation  is  comparatively  sim- 
ple but  the  nurse  must  be  ever  alert  for 
signs    of    complications.    If    the    case    is 


straightforward  the  patient  may  be  up 
and  about  in  five  or  six  days  following 
operation.  The  nurse  does  not  do  a 
mastoid  dressing  in  the  Toron^^o  General 
Hospital  unless  hot  boracic  compresses 
are  ordered  as  a  treatment.  The  doctor 
does  the  routine  dressing  in  order  to  re- 
place the  iodoform  gauze  packing  in 
the  mastoid  antrum  for  drainage.  When 
applying  hot  compresses,  care  must  be 
taken  not  to  disturb  this  strip  of  gauze. 
Erysipelas  may  be  a  complication  of 
mastoid  operation.  This  is  evidenced  by 
persistent  high  fever,  pain  and  increas- 
ing redness.  The  patient  should  be  iso- 
lated very  strictly  from  all  other  sur- 
gical cases.  Facial  paralysis  may  occur 
following  operation  due  to  injury  of 
the  facial  nerve.  It  is  not  so  frequent  in 
the  simple  operation  as  in  the  radical 
operation.  Since  the  advent  of  the  sul- 
phanamide  drugs  the  incidence  of  mas- 
toid operations  has  considerably  lessened; 
or  it  may  be  that  preventive  measures 
are  being  more  widely  taught  and  ad- 
hered to.  The  quickest  way  to  cure  a 
disease   is  to   prevent  its  occurrence. 


A  Thousand  Took  this  Course 


At  the  request  of  the  Central  Registry  for 
Graduate  Nurses,  the  School  of  Nursing  of 
the  University  of  Toronto  recently  offered 
a  course  of  six  lectures  dealing  with  recent 
developments  in  selected  fields  related  to 
nursing  practice,  namely,  medicine,  surgery, 
obstetrics,  paediatrics,  psychiatry,  and  nu- 
trition. In  each  instance  the  lecturer,  a  spe- 
cialist speaking  with  authority,  reviewed 
what  is  new  in  his  specific  field.  The  res- 
ponse of  the  private  duty  group  has  been 
without  precedent:  an  enrolment,  all  told,  of 
over  a  thousand.  This  has  been  due  partly 
to  a  wide-spread  need  felt  for  this  teachmg 
and  partly  because  the  lectures  oii  six  suc- 
cessive weeks  have  been  given  at  1.30  p.m. 
and    repeated    at    8.30    p.m..    thus    permitting 


those  who  could  not  attend  in  the  evening  to 
do  so  in  the  early  afternoon.  In  addition  ts 
strong  support  from  the  Registry,  the  private 
duty  section  of  District  5  of  the  Registered 
Nurses  Association  of  Ontario  has  assisted 
through  appropriate  publicity.  The  course 
has  been  an  outstanding  success  from  the 
point  of  view  of  both  content  and  attendance, 
and  augurs  well  for  similar  service  which 
the  School  hopes  to  render  in  future. 

Miss  Jessie  Wallace,  chairman  of  the 
Council  of  the  Central  Registry  for  Graduate 
Nurses,  wishes  to  express  the  sincere  grati- 
tude of  the  whole  private  duty  group  to  Miss 
Florence  H.  M.  Emory,  associate  director  of 
the  School,  and  to  Miss  Carruthers,  the  chief 
registrar  of  the  Central   Registry. 


Vol.   J8  No.  3 


Notes  From  the  National  Office 

Contributed  by  JEAN   S.   WILSON, 
Executive  Secretary,  The  Canadian  Nurses  Association 


National  Memorial  Service  for  Nurses 

Since  Canada's  War  Memorial  was 
unveiled  in  Ottawa,  Remembrance  Day 
ceremonies  are  held  at  the  Memorial 
rather  than  as  formerly  at  the  Parlia- 
ment Buildings.  It  had  become  custom- 
ary for  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association 
and  the  Overseas  Nursing  Sisters'  Asso- 
ciation of  Canada  to  arrange  for  a  brief 
service  before  the  Nurses  National  Me- 
morial in  the  Hall  of  Fame  immediately 
following  the  annual  Remembrance  Day 
ceremonies  on  Parliament  Hill. 

Due  to  the  change  in  place  for  the 
National  Remembrance  Day  ceremo- 
nies, the  Canadian  Nurses  Association 
conferred  with  the  Overseas  Nursing 
Sisters'  Association  of  Canada  as  to  a 
commemoration  service  being  observed 
throughout  this  Dominion  on  a  date  of 
special  significance  to  nurses. 

As  a  result  of  discussion  by  the  two 
National  Organizations,  the  general  plan 
agreed  on  is  that  a  Vesper  Service  be 
held  across  Canada  on  the  first  or  second 
Sunday  in  May  each  year,  the  date  to 
be  specified  annually.  It  is  suggested  that 
all  graduate  nurses  and  the  graduating 
classes  in  schools  of  nursing  attend  this 
service  which  should  serve  as  a  rededica- 
tion  of  nurses  to  nursing. 

This  year  Sunday,  May  10th,  has 
been  chosen  as  the  date  on  which  the 
first  Vesper  Service  will  be  held.  It  is 
now  urged  that  nurses'  organizations  in 
cooperation  with  schools  of  nursing 
should  become  responsible  for  arrange- 
ments in  their  own  localities.  It  is  most 
fitting  that  this  first  service  of  rededica- 


tion  be  held  when  Canadian  nurses  are 
serving  with  the  Empire's  Armed  Forces 
as  well  as  making  every  effort  to  meet 
the  needs  of  the  Home  Front. 

The  Canadian  Nurses  Association  and 
the  Overseas  Nursing  Sisters'  Associn- 
tioji  of  Canada  will  continue  to  place  the 
customary  floral  tributes  at  the  Nurses 
National  Memorial  on  Rememorance 
Day,  while  the  nurses  of  Ot'tawa  will 
participate  in  the  ceremony  at  the  Na- 
tional War  Memorial  on  the  same  day. 


Executive    Committee    Meeting 

A  meeting  of  the  Executive  Commit- 
tee of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association 
was  held  in  Vancouver  on  January  23- 
24,  1942,  at  which  those  present  were 
the  president,  Miss  Grace  M.  Fairley, 
Miss  Chittick  of  Alberta;  Misses  Duf- 
field,  Imies,  McQuarrie  and  Kerr  of 
British  Columbia;  Miss  Diederichs  of 
Saskatchewan  and  the  honorary  secre- 
tary. Miss  Kathleen  Sanderson.  A  brief 
summary  of  the  reports  adopted  at  the 
meeting  follows: 

Tfw  Committee  on  Nursmg  Educa- 
rioH  reported  the  preparation  of  addi- 
tional teaching  material  for  the  use  of 
nurses  teaching  first  aid  classes;  the  re- 
vision of  the  Home  Nursing  Manual  of 
the  St.  John  Ambulance  Association ; 
the  further  compilation  of  schools  of 
nursing  records  and  the  study  of  existing 
post-graduate  courses  in  hospitals. 

The  C ommirtee  on  Eight-hour  Duty 


MARCH.  1942 


172 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


for  Nurses  continues  to  function,  al- 
though the  members  do  not  think  it  ex- 
pedient at  this  time  to  stress  vmduly  the 
question  of  shorter  hours  for  nurses  dur- 
ing the  present  crisis.  Following  recom- 
mendations which  resulted  from  the 
joint  conference  of  the  ExecuHve 
Committee  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  As- 
sociation and  representatives  of  the  Uni- 
versity Schools  of  Nursing  held  on  Sep- 
tember 30  —  October  1,  1941,  mem- 
bers of  the  committee  have  been  urged 
to  take  advantage  of  opportunities  which 
may  arise  to  further  the  objectives  of  the 
committee. 

Following  the  resignation  of  Miss  Jean 
Church,  the  Executive  Committee  ap- 
pointed Miss  F.  Munroe  as  convener 
of  the  National  Volun.viry  War  Services 
Advisory  Committee. 

Syllabus  Committee:  From  informa- 
tion received  it  is  apparent  tha*^,  in  a 
number  of  the  provinces,  the  supply  of 
young  women  for  whom  the  Syllabus  for 
Training  Voluntary  Aide  Detachments 
was  prepared  may  not  be  available  in 
many  parts  of  the  Dominion.  Letters 
will  be  sent  to  the  provincial  associations 
in  order  to  secure  information  re  the 
ability  of  hospitals  to  give  experience  to 
voluntary  workers,  either  whole  or  part- 
time;  the  supply  of  volunteers  in  both 
rural  and  urban  communities;  the  pro- 
vincial needs  for  auxiliary  helpers  in 
hospitals  and  other  institutions  caring  for 
the  sick. 

The  Committee  which  was  appointed 
to  select  suitable  nurses  for  the  Ortho- 
paedic Unit  for  Scotland  will  continue 
to  function  until  the  unit  returns  to  Can- 
ada in  order  to  deal  with  any  ma^'ters 
relating  to  the   welfare  of  the   nurses. 

The  Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing 
Section  reported  that  a  study  of  provin- 
cial examinations  for  the  registration  of 
nurses  is  being  carried  out  by  the  Com- 
mittee on  Ins*^ruction  with  the  object  of 
preparing   for  a   more   uniform   and   sa- 


tisfactory system  of  examination 
throughout  Canada.  The  convener  of 
this  Committee  is  Miss  Marion  Gibson, 
instructor  of  nurses.  Hospital  for  Sick 
Children,  Toronto.  Miss  Gertrude  Fer- 
guson has  been  appointed  National  Con- 
vener   of    Publications    for    the    Section. 

The  Ge?ieral  Nursing  Section  re- 
ported that  most  provinces  have  ex- 
perienced difficulty  in  obtaining  general 
duty  nurses  while  New  Brunswick  and 
Nova  Scotia  reported  a  definite  shortage. 
In  most  instances  this  seems  due  to  ina- 
dequate remuneration.  A  survey  of  re- 
gistries is  being  carried  out,  a  report  of 
which  will  be  presented  at  the  General 
Meeting  in  June. 

The  Public  Health  Section  is  continu- 
ing its  study  of  the  minimum  qualifica- 
tions at  present  required  throughout 
Canada  for  the  employment  of  public 
health  nurses.  The  basis  of  this  stud) 
was  a  report  of  a  special  committee, 
which  was  presented  last  summer  to  the 
Public  Health  Nursing  Section  of  the 
Canadian  Public  Health  Association.  A 
summarized  report  of  the  number  of 
public  health  nurses  in  Canada  appeared 
in  the  January  issue  of  the  Journal. 

Mobilization  of  Health  Resources:  At 
the  request  of  the  Canadian  Medical 
Association  the  Executive  of  the  Cana- 
dian Nurses  Association  has  appointed 
Miss  Gertrude  Hall  of  Manitoba  as  its 
national  representative  to  a  Committee 
for  the  Mobilization  of  the  Health  Re- 
sources of  Canada.  Each  province  ap- 
pointed a  representative  to  a  provincial 
sub-committee:  Alberta,  Miss  Viola 
Leadlay;  British  Columbia,  Miss  Hea- 
ther Kilpatrick;  Manitoba,  Miss  Frances 
King;  New  Brunswick,  Miss  A.  J.  Mac- 
Master;  Nova  Scotia,  Miss  Lenta  Hall; 
Ontario,  Miss  Ethel  Cryderman;  Que- 
bec, (English-speaking)  Miss  Winni- 
fred  MacLean;  (French-speaking)  Miss 
Evelyne  Gauvin;  Saskatchewan,  Miss 
Matilda  Diederichs. 


Vol.  38  No.  3 


NATIONAL    OFFICE 


173 


Intcninttonai  Council  of  Nurses:  The 
President  has  received  an  interesting 
Christmas  greeting  from  the  Interna- 
tional Council  of  Nurses  with  a  phono- 
graph of  Miss  Taylor,  Miss  Schwarzen- 
berg  and  Miss  Ban  worth.  Miss  Taylor 
has  written  also  that  Mile  de  Joannis, 
second  vice-president  of  the  Interna- 
tional Council  of  Nurses  and  president 
of  the  French  Nurses,  is  well  and  carry- 
ing on  her  school,  which  is  now  affiliated 
with  the  American  Hospital  in  Paris. 

Provincial  Associations:  Reports  were 
received  from  several  provincial  associa- 
tions, each  of  which  reported:  the  attend- 
ance at  various  refresher  courses  shows 
that  nurses  are  interested  in  meeting 
present  and  future  needs;  that  plans  are 
being  carried  out  in  these  provinces  for 
the  organization  of  civilian  defence  and 
that  the  teaching  of  A.R.P.,  first  aid  and 
home  nursing  classes  continues. 

The  Registered  Nurses  Association  of 
British  Columbia  is  making  progress  in 
plans  for  the  revision  of  the  Act  of  Re- 
gistration. Work  on  the  organization  of 
districts  and  chapters  continues,  there 
now  being  a  total  of  twenty-eight.  Mrs. 
E.  B.  Thomson  has  been  appointed  con- 
vener of  the  General  Nursing  Section 
following  the  resignation  of  Mrs.  Han- 
som. An  intensive  study  has  been  carried 
on  throughout  the  province  of  the  re- 
commendations from  the  joint  confer- 
ence, held  September  30-October  1, 
1941,  of  representatives  of  University 
Schools  of  Nursing  and  the  Executive 
Commi'^tee  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  As- 
sociation, following  which  a  special  com- 
mittee has  outlined  specific  suggestions 
for  implementing  the  recommendations. 
Committees  are  active  in  :  (  1 )  the  orga- 
nization of  a  Community  Nursing  Serv- 
ice Bureau;  (2)  revision  of  charges  for 
Private  Duty  Nurses  in  different  types 
of  service;  (3)  outlining  duties  for  sub- 
sidiary workers  in  hospital;  (4)  prepar- 
ing an  outline  of  lectures  on  public  health 


which  will  be  used  as  a  basis  for  classes 
of  women's  voluntary  organizations,  if 
and  when  such  classes  are  requested. 

The  Manitoba  Association  of  Regis- 
Irrrd  Nurses  reported  that  it  has  ar- 
ranged for  married  and  inactive  nurses 
to  spend  four  weeks  in  observation  on 
hospital  wards  when  they  have  completed 
a  special  refresher  course.  A  minimum 
curriculum  for  schools  of  nursing  in  Ma- 
nitoba has  been  released.  Superintendents 
of  nurses  have  approved  the  standardiz- 
ing of  records  for  schools  of  nursing. 

The  Executive  C om?nittee  of  the  Rr-  ' 
gistered  Nurses  Association  of  Nova  Sco- 
tia has  decided  to  accept  a  sworn  s^'ate- 
ment  as  to  educational  qualifications  and 
hospital  diploma  from  candidates  for  re- 
gistration who  have  lost  their  credentials 
due  to  capitulation  of  their  native  coun- 
tries. Inquiries  will  be  made  of  the  exiled 
governments  concerning  the  standing  of 
the  schools.  Special  efforts  have  been 
made  to  increase  enrolment  of  nurses 
for  emergency  and  disaster,  and  the 
Branches  are  attempting  to  stabilize  the 
hours  of  duty  and  rates  of  pay  for  private 
duty  nurses. 

The  Board  of  Directors  of  fihe  Re- 
gistered Nurses  Association  of  Ontario 
was  requested  by  the  provincial  medical 
advisory  committee  of  the  Civilian  De- 
fence Committee  to  draw  up  an  outline 
of  a  syllabus  for  voluntary  aides  in  hos- 
pitals under  the  Civilian  Defence  Com- 
mittee. These  aides  may  be  used  in  time 
of  emergency  in  the  hospitals  where  they 
have  had  experience.  A  number  of  su- 
[^)erintendents  are  of  the  opinion  that  the 
syllabus  now  in  use  for  Voluntary  Aide 
Detachments  is  too  extensive  in  outline. 

The  Association  of  Registered  Nurses 
of  the  Province  of  Quebec  will  hold  its 
twentv-second  annual  mee'^ing  on  May 
1 5th,  for  one  day  only  in  view  of  the 
General  Meeting  of  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association  being  held  in  Mont- 
real June  19-27,  1942.  Plans  have  been 


MARCH,  1942 


174 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


completed  for  reciprocal  registration  with 
the  General  Nursing  Council  for  Eng- 
land and  Wales,  ratification  of  which  is 
expected  in  the  near  futin-e.  The  Hos- 
pital and  School  of  Nursing  Section  (En- 
glish-sp>eaking)  is  planning  a  course  in 
normal  nutrition  for  graduate  nurses  and 
senior  students,  and  reports  increased 
activity  in  preparation  of  papers  for  pub- 
lication in  The  Canadian  Nurse.  The 
Public  Health  Section  (French-speak- 
ing) announces  a  course  in  normal  nu- 
trition which  began  on  February  23rd. 

The  Council  of  the  Saskatchewan  Re- 
gistered Nurses  Association,  after  con- 
sultation with  the  Departments  of  Edu- 
cation and  Public  Health  has  recently 
approved  (with  certain  recommenda- 
tions) the  outline  of  a  course  for  home 
and  convalescent  aides  which  will  be 
taught  by  registered  nurses  at  some  of 
the  technical  schools.  Recommendations 
which  were  approved  at  the  Joint  Con- 
ference of  the  Executive  of  the  Cana- 
dian Nurses  Association  and  representa- 
tives of  University  Schools  of  Nursing 
were  forwarded  to  superintendents  of 
nurses  and  made  available  to  others  who 
might  be  of  assistance  in  putting  these 
recommendations  into  effect.  Classified 
lists  of  graduate  nurses  have  been  given 
to  nurses  in  key  positions  throughout  the 
province  so  that  they  will  be  available  in 
the  event  of  an  emergency. 


Membership 


The  by-laws  of  the  Canadian  Nurses 
Association  require  that  the  annual  af- 
filiation fees  by  the  provincial  associa- 
tions of  registered  nurses  be  sent  to  Na- 
tional Office  by  January  31st.  Those 
fees  are  estimated  on  the  provincial 
membership  for  the  previous  year.  Ac- 
cording to  the  returns  received  during 
January  1942,  the  number  of  members 
in   each   provincial   association   is  as:    Al- 


berta, 1472;  British  Columbia,  2840; 
Manitoba,  1539;  New  Brunswick,  641; 
Nova  Scotia,  1035;  Ontario,  5171; 
Prince  Edward  Island,  118;  Quebec, 
4232;  Saskatchewan,  1218.  The  total 
membership  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  As- 
sociation shows  an  increase  of  three  per 
cent  to  that  of  1941. 


General  Meeting 

The  General  Meeting  1942  will  be 
the  twenty-first  time  for  the  nurses  of 
Canada  to  hold  a  national  meeting. 
Four  of  the  previous  twenty  meetings 
have  been  held  under  war  condi<"ions  and 
the  records  show  that  at  each  of  those 
four  conventions  the  attendance  was 
gratifyingly  large.  Therefore  it  is  urged 
that  each  provincial  association  of  re- 
gistered nurses  will  make  an  effort  to 
send  as  many  representatives  as  possible 
to  the  next  national  meeting  which  is  to 
be  held  in  the  Windsor  Hotel,  Montreal, 
from  June  22-26,  1942,  with  the  Exe- 
cutive Committee  meeting  on  June  19, 
20  and  27. 

The  Association  of  Registered  Nurses 
of  the  Province  of  Quebec  is  arranging 
for  a  type  of  social  relaxation  suitable  to 
wartime  conditions.  The  Programme 
Committee  has  under  preparation  an 
agenda  by  which  the  activities  of  the  Na- 
tional Organization  during  the  past 
biennium  can  be  reviewed  under  a  mini- 
mum of  time,  thus  allowing  for  lengthy 
consideration  of  the  more  immediate  se- 
rious problems  and  for  plans  for  future 
activities  of  the  nursing  profession 
throughout  the  Dominion.  It  is  anti- 
cipated that  a  tentative  outline  of  the 
programme  and  arrangements  will  be 
published  in  the  April  issue  of  the  Jour- 
nal. 

The  rates  offered  by  the  Windsor 
Hotel  to  nurses  who  register  for  the 
General     Meeting    are:    single     rooms, 


Vol.   J8  No.  3 


NATIONAL    OFFICE 


175 


$4.00  —  $4.50;  double  rooms,  $3.00 
each;  3  persons  in  a  room,  $2.50  each; 
4  persons  in  a  room,  $2.25  each.  All 
rooms  have  connecting  baths.  Early  re- 
servation for  accommodation  is  recom- 
mended. 


General  de  Gaulle  thanks  Canadian 
Women 

The  signature  of  the  Canadian  Nurses 
Association  was  added  to  a  Christmas 
message  sent  through  the  British  Broad- 
casting Corporation  by  the  women  of 
Canada  to  the  women  of  France.  In 
acknowledgment  the  following  message 
of  appreciation  was  received  from  Gen- 
eral de  Gaulle: 

The  touching  expression  of  solidarity 
which  the  women  of  Canada  have  addressed 
to  Frenchwomen  at  Christmas  time  has 
been  a  great  comfort  to  them  in  the  midst 
of  their  suffering.  The  women  of  France 
naturally  feel  as  sisters  tow-ard  the  Canadian 
women  who  share  the  common  suffering 
in  their  lives  and  affections — occasioned  by 
the  war  which  the  Free  Countries  are 
obliged  to  fight  in  order  to  realize  for  the 
world  the  promises  of  happiness  signified 
in  the  celebration  of  the  Christmas  festival. 
]  thank  profoundly  the  women  of  Canada 
and  the   associations   which    represent   them. 


Gasoline  Sale  Restrictions 

The  following  information  which 
has  been  secured  from  the  office  of  the 
Oil  Controller  of  Canada,  is  published 
for  the  benefit  of  nurses  who  must  use 
automobiles  in  carrying  on  their  pro- 
fessional duties.  To  obtain  gasoline  on 
or  after  April  1,  1942,  for  the  opera- 
tion of  a  motor  vehicle  required  to  be 
licensed  or  registered  for  highway  use, 
it  is  necessary  to  apply  to  the  Oil  Con- 
troller of  Canada  or  his  agent  for  Gaso- 
line Privilege  Registration  of  the  vehicle 
in  one  of  several  categories  which  are 
clearly    defined    in    the    instructions    at- 


tached  to    the    Application    Form.    The 
registration  fee  is  one  dollar. 

The  rationing  plan  permits  nurses 
to  be  placed  in  Category  D  upon  proof 
of  necessity.  At  the  outset,  Category 
D  will  permit  a  purchase  of  1400  to 
1780  gallons  of  gasoline  per  annum. 
However,  in  the  face  of  the  present 
world  situation,  nurses  are  reminded 
that  the  federal  authorities  cannot  enter 
into  any  commitment  as  to  how  long 
it  will  be  possible  to  accord  special  con- 
sideration to  nurses  on  this  scale.  Also, 
it  has  been  learned  that  by  decision  made 
early  in  January,  1942,  visiting  nurses 
are  entitled  to  special  consideration  when 
requiring  tire  replacements  for  their 
cars. 


British  Nurses  Relief  Fund 

Contributions    to    the    British    Nurses 
Relief  Fund  have  been  received  from: 

Alberta'. 

A.A.,  General  Hospital.  Calgary  $500.00 
.\.A..  Holy  Cross  Hospital,  Calgary  34.00 
.•\.A.,  General  Hospital.  Edmonton  10.00 
University  Hospital,  Edmonton  12.00 
Royal  Alexandra  Hospital,  Edmonton  16.75 
.Student  Government.  Royal  Alexan- 
dra Hospital.  Edmonton  10.00 
Country  hospitals  and  individual  dona- 
tions 17.25 

AVtc  Brumivick: 

.Staff    and    student    nurses,    Chipman 
\femorial   Hospital.    St.    Stephen  5.55 

Nova  Scotia: 

Branches    of    the    Registered    Xurses    .Asso- 
ciation of  Nova  Scotia : 
Antigonish-Guxsborough,    Inverness   and 

Richmond  800 

Cape  Breton  and  Victoria  4.50 

Cumberland  Countv  8.50 


MARCH.   1942 


176 


THE   CANADIAN  NURSE 


Halifax  52.50 
Lunenburg  County  10.00 
Halifax  Group,  Royal  Victoria  Hospi- 
tal, A.  A.  3.00 

O ntor'io : 

Districts  2  and  3: 

A.A.,  St.  Joseph's  Hospital.  Guelph  30.00 

A.A.,  St.  Mary's  Hospital.  Kitchener  18.00 

A. A.,  Kitchener  &  Waterloo  Hospital  115.65 

Kitchener  and  Waterloo  Chapter  12.35 

Staff— Stratford  General  Hospital  31.00 
Student   nurses,    St.    Mary's   Hospital, 

Kitchener  14.00 
General   and   Marine   Hospital,   Owen 

Sound  10.00 
District  4 : 

Nurses  of  St.  Catharines  37.00 

Nurses  of  Niagara  Falls  12.00 

District  5: 

A.A.,  Hospital  for  Sick  Children,  Tor- 
onto 83.24 

A. A.,  St.  John's  Hospital,  Toronto  40.00 

Graduate    nursing    staff.    Psychiatric 

Hospital,   Toronto  17.00 

Graduate  staff.  Hospital  for  Sick 
Children,  City  and  Country  Branch, 
Toronto  30.00 

Nursing    Sisters,    Military     Hospital, 

Camp  Borden  19.80 

Nursing     Sisters.     Toronto     Military 

Hospital  22.00 

A. A.,  Toronto  General  Hospital,  De- 
cember 150.00 

A. A.,  Toronto  General  Hospital, 

January  175.00 

\^ictorian  Order  of  Nurses,  Toronto      24.42 


District  6: 

Chapter  C,  Registered  Nurses 

Associa- 

tion  of  Ontario 

9.65 

District  7: 

Nursing    Sisters,    Petawawa 

M 

ititary 

Camp 

18.00 

Kingston  Chapter 

45.00 

Individual  contribution 

3.00 

District  9: 

Nurses  of  Sault  Ste.  Marie 

15.00 

Individual  contribution 

1.00 

Nurses  of  Kirkland  Lake 

4.75 

District  10: 

Individual   contribution 

3.00 

Prince  Edward  Island: 

Donated    by     Registered     Nurses    of 

Prince  Cotinty.   P.E.I.  20.00 

Donated    by     Registered     Nurses     of 

Queens  &  Kings  County  60.00 

Proceeds   from   A.R.P.   lectures   in 

Charlottetown  25.00 

Saskatchewan : 

\..\.,  General  Hospital,  Moose  Jaw  15.00 
A.A..  St.  Paul's  Hospital,  Saskatoon  10.00 
.A.. A.,  Queen  Victoria  Hospital,  York- 
ton  10.00 
Nurses  of  Areola  7.30 
Nurses  of  Swift  Current  22.75 
Regina  Registered  Nurses  Association  252.67 
Student  nurses.   Grey  Nuns  Hospital, 

Regina  10.00 

Students  in  the  University  of  Saskat- 
chewan School  of  Nursing.  Saska- 
toon 140.00 

Vukon  Territory : 
Graduate   Nurses.   Dawson  Yukon 
Territorv  30.00 


Royal  Canadian  Naval  Nursing  Service 


The  following  nurses  have  recently  been 
appointed  to  the  Royal  Canadian  Naval 
Nursing  Service :  to  be  Nursing  Sister  in 
Charge :  Evelyn  I.  Stibbard  ( St.  Joseph's 
Hospital,  Victoria)  ;  to  be  Nursing  Sisters : 
Olive  Wilson   (Royal  Jubilee  Hospital,  Vic- 


toria) ;  Mary  Bryden  (Royal  Jubilee  Hos- 
pital, Victoria)  ;  Grace  Banting  (Saskatoon 
City  Hospital,  Saskatoon)  ;  Joan  Russell 
(Royal  Jubilee  Hospital,  Victoria).  .\11  are 
on  the  staff  of  the  Royal  Canadian  Naval 
Hospital  at  Esquimalt. 


Vol.  ?8  No.  3 


HOSPITALS   &    SCHOOLS    of  NURSING 


Contributed  by  the  Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing  Section  of  the   C.   N.   A. 


Some  Newer  Drugs 

Sister  Francoise  de  Chantal 


To  treat  of  sulfanilamide  and  its  de- 
rivatives after  perusing  the  enormous 
number  of  articles  written  on  that  sub- 
ject, and  particularly  Dr.  Long's  book 
on  the  "Clinical  Use  of  Sulfanilamide 
and  Sulfapyridine",  is  by  no  means  an 
easy  task.  The  question  one  has  in  mind 
after  such  an  experiment  is  this:  are 
there  any  infectious  conditions  in  which 
sulfanilamide  and  its  derivatives  are  ot 
no  avail?  It  seems  that  the  only  class 
of  microorganisms  escaping  their  in- 
fluence is  the  filterable  viruses;  in  spite 
of  the  fact  that  the  sulfa  groups  have 
elected  a  marked  predilection  for  the 
cocci  family,  there  are  quite  a  number 
of  bacilli  which  are  inhibited  in  their 
disease-producing  power. 

In  reviewing  the  subject  of  sulfani- 
lamide and  its  derivatives,  we  might 
attempt  to  consider  the  following  points: 
classification  of  the  Sulfonamides;  mode 
of  action;  principles  concerning  the  use 
of  chemotherapy:  (a)  maintenance  of 
adequate  concentration;  (b)  clinical 
uses  curative  and  prophylactic;  toxic 
effect  and  nursing  care. 

The  first  members  of  sulfonamide 
products  discovered  since  1933  are:  sul- 
fanilamide, also  known  under  the  trade 
names  of  Prontylin  and  Streptocide; 
Prontosil  and  Neoprontosil ;  sulfapyri- 
dine, also  known  as  Dagenan  or  M&B 


693.  More  recently  Sulfathiazole  has 
emerged.  It  has  the  valency  of  Dagenan 
with  an  added  power  of  combatting  in- 
fections caused  by  some  strains  of  sta- 
phylococcus aureus.  Still  more  recently, 
the  advent  of  Sulfaguanidine  has  been 
received  with  the  utmost  interest  and 
gives  promise  of  constituting  a  distinct 
forward  step  in  the  treatment  of  gastro- 
intestinal infections  particularly  bacillary 
dysentery.  The  very  latest  member  of 
the  sulfa  group  is  Sulfadiazine  which 
possesses  the  same  bactericidal  powers 
as  the  other  mentioned  sulfonamides  but 
which  is  relatively  less  toxic. 

The  problem  of  how  the  Sulfonamide 
compounds  actually  work  resolves  it- 
self into  three  main  issues:  (a)  do  the 
drugs  act  on  microorganisms  simply  as 
disinfectants?  (b)  do  they  exert  a  stim- 
ulatory effect  upon  the  natural  body  de- 
fenses? (c)  is  their  activity  the  result 
of  the  combination  of  the  two  effects? 
These  three  theories  are  still  debated 
and  for  the  time  being  one  must  be  con- 
tent with  the  simple  conception  that 
they  inhibit  the  growth  of  susceptible 
microorganisms  in  the  body. 

The  two  points  of  paramount  im- 
portance in  Sulfonamide  therapy  and  on 
which  a  great  deal  of  the  efficacy  of  the 
drug  depends  are  first,  the  maintenance 
of    an    adequate    concentration    of    the 


MARCH,  1942 


177 


178 


THE   CANADIAN  NURSE 


drug  in  the  blood  and  this  will  lead  us 
to  talk  of  its  dosage  and  method  of  ad- 
ministration; second,  the  elective  action 
of  these  drugs  for  certain  types  of  mi- 
croorganisms indicating  the  necessity 
for  an  early  and  correct  diagnosis. 

The  drug  may  be  administered  either 
by  the  oral  route  or  parenterally,  that 
is  by  injections.  It  acts  better  when  given 
by  mouth  and,  if  soda  bicarbonate  or 
Citralka  is  given  along  with  it,  acidosis 
may  be  prevented  to  quite  an  extent.  Jf 
nausea  and  vomiting  are  too  severe, 
then  the  drug  may  be  given  parenterally 
but,  the  oral  administration  should  be 
resumed  as  soon  as  possible.  For  paren- 
teral use,  sulfanilamide  is  best  given  sub- 
cutaneously  whereas  sulfapyridine  and 
sulfathiazole  sodium  sale's  should  always 
be   given  intravenously  and  slowly. 

In  the  invasive  stage  of  the  disease, 
the  slogan  is:  "hit  quickly,  hit  hard,  and 
keep  on  hitting".  Hit  quickly  because 
the  bacteria  are  multiplying  at  an  enor- 
mous rate;  hit  hard  because  if  maximum 
benefit  is  to  follow  therapy  enough  of 
the  drug  must  be  present;  keep  on  hit- 
ting because  too  rapid  withdrawal  of 
the  drug  may  find  the  defenses  of  the 
body  still  imperfectly  mobihzed.  In 
chronic  stages  of  infections,  chemo- 
therapy requires  different  technique 
from  that  employed  in  acute  cases. 
There,  massive  doses  are  seldom  jus- 
tified. It  is  important  to  realize  in  both 
acute  and  chronic  stages  of  infections 
that,  if  a  decisively  beneficial  result  is 
not  obtained  within  48  to  72  hours 
with  an  adequate  amount  of  the  drug 
either  chemotherapy  will  fail  or  else  ad- 
ditional measures  are  necessary.  Sulfa- 
thiazole should  not  be  used  for  minor 
staphylococcal  infection  such  as  localized 
boils  and  mild   furunculosis. 

Out  of  the  numerous  experiments 
performed  with  sulfonamides,  some  de- 
finite knowledge  has  been  gained  as  to 
the  elective  action  of  these  drugs  on  dif- 


ferent microorganisms  and  the  neces- 
sity, therefore,  of  an  early  and  accurate 
diagnosis.  Sulfanilamide,  prontylin  or 
streptocide  is  the  definite  killer  of  he- 
molytic streptococcus,  thus  it  will  be  of 
major  use  in  treating  such  conditions  of 
hemolytic  streptococcal  origin  as  cellu- 
litis, erysipelas,  osteomyelitis,  puerperal 
fever,  septicaemia,  pneumonia  and  its 
numerous  complications,  urinary  tract 
infections.  It  will  also  be  helpful  in 
meningococcal  infection,  in  gas  gan- 
grene and  even  in  trachoma.  Sulfapy- 
ridine, Dagenan  or  M&B  693,  will  ma- 
nifest its  predilection  for  infections  of 
pneumococcal  origin  such  as  pneumonia 
and  its  frequent  sequelae;  sinusitis,  otitis 
media  mastoiditis,  meningitis,  peritonitis; 
also  for  gonococcal  infections  and  its 
sequelae;  arthritis  and  endocarditis.  Sul- 
fathiazole on  the  other  hand  is  the  drus 
of  choice  for  staphylococcal  infections, 
carbuncles,  cellulitis,  osteomyelitis,  sep- 
ticaemia, and  seems  to  be  as  effective  in 
the  treatment  of  pneumococcal  infec- 
tions as  sulfapyridine  and  it  produces 
much  less  nausea  and  vomiting.  Sul- 
faguanidine  promises  to  be  very  effec- 
tive in  bacillary  dysentery  and  other 
gastro-intestinal   disturbances. 

Not  only  are  these  drugs  used  for 
curative  purposes,  but  they  are  now 
routinely  employed  in  some  places  as 
prophylactic  agents  to  lessen  or  prevent 
the  incidence  of  infection  in  such  con- 
ditions as  burns,  compound  fractures, 
scarlet  fever  contacts  when  Dick  test 
is  positive,  extensive  tissue  injury,  peri- 
tonitis after  appendectomies  and  large 
bowel  resections.  It  is  also  used  in  the 
quiescent  stage  of  rheumatic  fever  to 
prevent  its  recurrence.  The  local  ap- 
plication of  sulfonamides  has  been  ex- 
tensively used  in  prophylaxis  of  war 
wounds  and  has  resulted  in  a  definite 
decrease  in  the  incidence  and  severity 
of  wound  infection.  Streptococcal  ulcers, 
superficial       staphylococcal       infections, 


Vol.  38  No.  3 


SOME   NEWER    DRUGS 


179 


wounds  and  burns  often  clear  up 
promptly  with  the  local  application  of 
sulfonamides. 

Patients  receiving  sulfonamides  re- 
quire the  most  attentive  nursing  care. 
The  nurse  should  be  on  the  alert  to  per- 
ceive and  interpret  adequately  the  non- 
favourable  symptoms  which  may  occur 
as  side  effects  of  chemotherapy.  The 
most  important  toxic  effects  may  be 
classified  as  mild,  moderate  or  severe 
reactions.  The  mild  toxic  reactions  in- 
clude vomiting,  cyanosis  and  dizziness 
and,  even  in  moderate  severity,  are  not 
contra-indications  to  the  continuation  of 
chemotherapy.  The  reactions  of  moder- 
ate severity  include  nervous  twitching, 
delirium,  acidosis,  skin  rashes  and  fever. 
As  soon  as  these  side  effects  appear, 
treatment  should  at  least  be  interrupted 
if  not  terminated  altogether.  Fluid  in- 
take should  always  be  augmented  in  an 
attempt  to  remove  the  drug  from  the 
body  as  soon  as  possible.  The  gravest 
toxic  manifestations  which  may  lead  to 
death  are  renal  irritation  and  anuria, 
severe  acute  anemia  or  leukopenia  and 
hepatitis  and  jaundice.  For  this  reason, 
hemoglobin  tests  and  white  blood  cell 
counts  should  be  made  frequently  and  a 
careful  watch  be  kept  on  urinary  output 


which  should  be  at  least  1000  c.c.  daily. 

The  question  of  how  much  fluid 
should  be  given  to  patients  receiving  sul- 
fonamide therapy  is  of  considerable  im- 
portance. It  is  rarely  necessary  to  force 
fluids  bej^ond  3500  c.c.  per  day — if  an 
adequate  concentration  of  the  drug  in 
the  blood  is  to  be  maintained.  Patients 
may  be  permitted  to  eat  what  they  pre- 
fer, and  the  well  known  prohibition  of 
sulphur-containing  foods  such  as  eggs 
or  onions,  has  no  fundamental  basis, 
according  to  Dr.  Long. 

The  only  contra-indication  to  the  use 
of  these  drugs  is  that  the  patient  has 
previously  had  one  of  them  and  has  suf- 
fered from  a  toxic  reaction  to  it.  An 
existing  anemia,  leukopenia,  hepatitis  or 
nephritis  may  not  be  aggravated  by  the 
drug  and  are  not  contra-indications  for 
there  is  nothing  to  predict  the  toxic 
reaction  of  these  drugs.  The  use  of 
these  drugs,  short  of  intensive  dosage  is 
less  dangerous  than  long  continued  che- 
motherapy with  small  doses.  Constant 
vigilance  is  necessary  to  guard  against 
the  occurrence  of  the  severe  toxic  reac- 
tions. Estimations  of  the  hemoglobin 
and  the  white  blood  coimt  should  be 
made  frequently  and  a  careful  watch 
kept  on  the  urinary  output. 


Canadian  Nurses  Land  at  Cape  Town 


In  response  to  the  call  to  Canada  for 
nursing  help,  the  first  80  Canadian 
nurses  landed  in  Cape  Town  on  De- 
cember 26.  They  were  welcomed  on 
arrival  by  the  A.D.M.S.  Colonel  Impey, 
and  quickly  transferred  to  the  Red  Cross 
Auxiliary  Hospital  at  Seahurst,  St. 
James,  where  ever,"  arrangement  had 
been  made  for  their  comfort.  The  en- 
tertainment committee  of  the  Western 


Province  Branch  of  the  South  African 
Trained  Nurses  Association  swung  into 
action  and  the  Mayor  and  Mayoress, 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Walter  James,  arranged 
to  receive  and  welcome  them  at  a  morn- 
ing tea  in  the  City  Hall.  The  Mayor, 
speaking  for  South  Africa  as  well  as 
for  this  city,  said  how  greatly  this  coun- 
try appreciated  the  timely  help  so  readily 
forthcoming  from  the  sister  Dominion; 


MARCH,  1942 


180 


THE  CANADIAN  NURSE 


he   assured   the   nurses   of  a   sincere   as 
well  as  a  warm  welcome. 

Mrs.  Horwood  read  a  message  of 
welcome  from  the  General  President  of 
the  Association,  and  said  that  the  link 
which  bound  Canada  and  South  Africa 
was  one  in  a  longer  and  greater  chain 
than  even  the  British  Commonwealth, 
for  both  countries  were  members  of  the 
International  Council  of  Nurses.  Each 
had  the  proud  distinction  of  providing 
a  vice-president  of  the  I.C.N. — in  Can- 
ada, Miss  Grace  Fairley,  and  in  South 
Africa,  Miss  B.  G.  Alexander.  Mrs. 
Horwood  asked  each  nurse  when  located 


to  get  in  touch  with  the  local  branch 
secretary  of  the  S. A. T.N. A.,  who  would 
invite  them  to  their  meetings  and  would 
gladly  do  all  in  their  power  to  make 
their  stay  in  South  Africa  interesting. 
Miss  Macdonald,  speaking  for  the 
Canadian  nurses,  said  how  greatly  they 
had  appreciated  receiving  a  personal 
letter  from  the  Prime  Minister,  Field- 
Marshal  the  Hon.  J.  C.  Smuts.  They 
were  grateful  for  the  kindness  and  hos- 
pitality they  had  received  on  every  side, 
and  looked  forward  to  serving  side  by 
side  with  South  African  nurses. 
— The  South  African  Nursing  Journal 


Watch  Your  Price  Ceiling 


The  Minister  of  Finance  and  the 
chairman  of  the  Wartime  Prices  and 
Trade  Board  have  asked  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association  to  help  enlist  the 
three  million  women  of  Canada  in  an 
effort  to  make  the  Price  Ceiling  Law 
effective.  Guarding  this  law  is  a  patriotic 
duty  that  women  are  particularly  well 
qualified  to  perform  because  they  are  the 
nation's  shoppers.  As  one  of  the  repre- 
sentatives of  the  women's  organizations 
called  in  by  the  Minister  of  Finance  to 
work  out  a  plan,  I  have  said  that  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association  can  be 
counted  on  to  do  everything  in  our 
power. 

I  hope  you  heard  the  radio  addresses 
by  Mr.  Donald  Gordon,  chairman  of 
the  Wartime  Prices  and  Trade  Board, 
and  Dr.  Charlotte  Whitton.  Copies  of 
these  addresses  and  other  useful  informa- 
tion may  be  obtained  by  writing  to  the 
Wartime  Prices  and  Trade  Board,  Ot- 
tawa, Ont.  From  time  to  time  further 
radio  announcements  will  be  made. 

Perhaps  local  members  have  already 


met  to  talk  over  this  appeal.  If  not,  I 
hope  that  many  of  you  will  be  able  to 
get  together  and  make  plans  so  that 
every  one  will  proceed  at  once  to  make 
her  Price  Ceiling  List,  as  outlined  in  the 
Board's  announcement.  Please  note  that 
this  list  should  be  made  up  carefully.  It 
is  each  member's  safeguard  against  high- 
er prices  in  the  future.  Every  one  of  the 
three  million  women  of  Canada  is  being 
asked  to  do  this  by  the  Government. 
Let  us  be  in  a  position  to  say  that  every 
member  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Asso- 
ciation appreciates  the  effort  that  Canada 
is  making  to  keep  prices  from  rising, 
and  prove  it  by  every  member  making  up 
her  own  individual  list  of  prices  and 
reporting  to  her  Provincial  Association 
that  she  has  done  so  as  soon  as  possible. 
We  want  to  be  able  to  say  that  we  are 
among  the  first  women's  groups  to  have 
this  task  completed  for  the  Government. 

Grace  M.  Fairley, 

President, 

Canadian  Nurses  Association. 


Vol.  38  No.  5 


R.NAO.  Annual  Meeting 


The  Registered  Nurses  Association  of 
Ontario  are  holding  their  annual  meet- 
ing in  Windsor  at  the  Prince  Edward 
Hotel  on  April  8,  9,  10,  1942.  The  gen- 
eral meeting  opens  on  Wednesday,  April 
8,  at  2  p.m.  On  Thursday  morning  a 
special  programme  has  been  arranged. 
The  delegates  will  be  taken  on  a  con- 
ducted tour  through  some  of  the  In- 
dustrial Plants  of  Windsor,  followed  by 
a  luncheon  when  Miss  Iva  G.  Wait, 
an  industrial  nurse  with  the  General 
Motors  Corporation  of  Flint,  Mich.,  will 
speak.  Nurses  from  all  groups  are  now 
being  drawn  into  industrial  nursing, 
therefore  this  arrangement  was  planned 
by  the  three  Sections  to  be  of  interest  to 
all.  The  programme  for  the  open  meet- 
ing on  Thursday  evening  will  be  a  sym- 
posium on  "Leadership"  conducted  by 
Miss  Marion  Lindeburgh,  Director, 
School  for  Graduate  Nurses,  McGill 
University,     Montreal;      Miss     Maude 


Hall,  Acting  Chief  Superintendent,  Vic- 
torian Order  of  Nurses  for  Canada;  and 
Miss  Madalene  Baker,  London,  chair- 
man of  the  General  Nursing  Section, 
Canadian  Nurses  Association. 

The  annual  banquet  will  be  on  Wed- 
nesday evening.  The  topic  of  the  address 
to  be  given  by  Dr.  Douglas  Wilson, 
University  of  Western  Ontario,  is 
"Love,  Laughter  and  Salad."  Miss  Ethel 
Johns,  editor  and  business  manager  of 
The  Canadian  NursCy  will  have  a  mes- 
sage for  all  nurses  following  the  report 
of  the  Canadian  Nurse  Circulation  Com- 
mittee. The  standing  and  special  com- 
mittees will  present  many  important 
questions  to  be  considered  and  discussed. 
It  is  hoped  that  many  nurses  will  attend, 
will  take  their  part  in  the  discussions  and 
assist  in  making  the  meeting  a  success. 

Matilda  E.  Fitzgerald 
Secretary-treasurer y  R.  N.  A.  O. 


Catherine  Armstrong,  a  graduate 
of  the  School  of  Nursing  of  the  Montreal 
General  Hospital,  died  recently.  She  was 
a  member  of  the  Class  of  1940  and  had 
served  as  a  member  of  the  night  staff 
in  the  Central  Division. 


Ann  Baillie  died  on  February  5, 
1942,  at  the  Kingston  General  Hospi- 
tal. For  eighteen  years  Miss  Baillie  ren- 
dered outstanding  service  as  superinten- 
dent of  nurses  in  the  Kingston  General 
Hospital,  Kingston,  Ontario,  and  will 
be  sincerely  mourned  by  her  staff  and 
her  pupils.  In  1911  she  graduated  from 
the  School  of  Nursing  associated  with 
the  Kingston  General  Hospital  and, 
from  1915  to  1919,  served  overseas  as 


Obituaries 

a  Nursing  Sister  with  the  R.C.A.M.C 
— first  in  France  and  in  Egypt,  and  later 
in  Canada.  She  was  mentioned  in  dis- 
patches and  was  awarded  the  Royal  Red 
Cross  in  recognition  of  her  courage  and 
devotion.  Miss  Baillie  was  actively  in- 
terested in  the  work  of  nursing  organiza- 
tions and  at  one  time  was  president  of 
her  Alumnae  AssociaHon.  She  enjoyed 
outdoor  sports  and  was  a  member  of 
various  groups  associated  with  the  wel- 
fare of  the  community. 


Mary  Cobbe  Heyer  died  recently 
in  Vancouver  after  a  long  illness.  Mrs. 
Heyer  was  a  graduate  of  the  School  of 
Nursing  of  the  Winnipeg  General  Hos- 
pital. During  the  first  Great  War  she 


MARCH,  1942 


ISl 


182 


THE   CANADIAN  NURSE 


served  overseas  as  a  R.C.A.M.C.  Nurs-  an  active  interest  in  the  Overseas  Nurs- 
ing Sister  in  No.  5  Canadian  General  ing  Sisters  Association  and  gave  excellent 
Hospital  at  Salonika  and  also  in  the  Red  leadership  as  president  of  the  Vancou- 
Cross    Hospital    at   Cliveden.    She    took  ver  Unit. 


Toronto  Department  of  Public  Health 


At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Public 
Health  Nurses  Association,  Department 
of  Public  Health,  Toronto,  the  follow- 
ing officers  w^ere  elected:  honorary  presi- 
dent, Miss  Elsie  Hickey;  president,  Miss 
Clara  B.  Vale;  vice-president,  Miss  Ed- 
na M.  Clancey;  recording  secretary, 
Miss  Laura  E.  Webb;  corresponding 
secretary,  Miss  M.  G.  Lovell;  treasurer. 
Miss  Elizabeth  Price.  Conveners  of  com- 
mittees: Social  and  courtesy.  Miss  E. 
Janet  Davidson ;  educational,  Miss  L.  J. 
Dyer;    publicity,    Mrs.    I.    J.    Dalzell; 


Photo  by  Barefoot,  Robt.  Stmpson  Co.  Torottto 

Clara  B.  Vale 


ways  and  means.  Miss  Lillian  E.  Gal- 
braith;  editorial.  Miss  Edith  Cale;  his- 
torian and  archivist.  Miss  Frances  E. 
Brown;  councillors.  Misses  Mae  Laing 
and  Louise  E.  Tucker.  The  guest  speak- 
er was  Miss  Julia  Metouskova,  a  grad- 
uate of  the  University  of  Prague  and  a 
scholarship  student  of  Vassar  College. 
She  has  had  a  wide  experience  in  Y.W.- 
C.A.  work  in  Czechoslovakia,  as  a  re- 
presentative to  the  World's  Executive 
Staff  of  the  Y.W.C.A.  at  Geneva  and 
at  present  is  a  member  of  the  National 
Council  of  the  Y.W.C.A.  Miss  Me- 
touskova chose  as  her  subject,  "Women, 
their  responsibility  to-day  and  in  the  fu- 
ture". Miss  Louise  Tucker,  the  retiring 
president,  reviewed  the  year's  activities 
which  have  centred  about  the  war  time 
emergencies. 

Miss  C.  Vale,  the  newly  appoin*^ed 
president,  spent  some  time  as  assistant 
superintendent  of  the  Children's  Hospi- 
tal in  Montreal.  Following  this,  she  was 
appointed  to  the  nursing  staff  of  the 
Department  of  Public  Health,  Toronto. 
During  the  epidemic  of  anterior  f>olio- 
myelitis  in  1937  she  was  loaned  to  the 
Ontario  Society  for  Crippled  Children 
and  did  follow-up  work  in  the  homes  of 
Northern  Ontario.  The  aims  and  ob- 
jectives of  this  Association  are  to  improve 
the  standards  of  public  health  nursing 
especially  as  related  to  the  work  of  the 
members.  Miss  Vale's  experience  and 
outstanding  ability  will  be  invaluable  in 
directing  their  activities. 


Vol.  38  No.  3 


PUBLIC   HEALTH   NURSING 


Contributed  by  the  Public  Health  Section  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association. 


Maintaining  Standards  of  Public  Health  Nursing 

ISABELLE    R.   ChODAT 


We  are  wondering,  just  now,  if  we 
can  maintain  our  present  standards  dur- 
ing a  time  when  the  number  of  well- 
qualified  public  health  nurses  may  be 
greatly  reduced.  Logically,  we  must 
look  for  the  causes  of  such  a  shortage, 
and  from  there  build  a  constructive  pro- 
gram to  ensure  an  adequate  supply  of 
workers  in  this  field.  Not  only  must  we 
consider  the  quantity,  but  also  the  quality 
of  such  nurses.  For  in  times  to  come,  as 
at  present,  many  public  health  problems 
will  arise  which  will  require  special 
preparation  of  public  health  nurses  in 
the  fields  of  nutrition,  maternal  and 
child  health,  social  hygiene,  mental 
hygiene,  communicable  disease  control, 
and  orthopedics.  We  do  not  know  to 
what  proportions  these  problems  may 
grow  as  a  result  of  war,  but  we  do 
recognize  the  vital  importance  of  the 
health  of  our  civilian  population,  especial- 
ly of  the  mothers  and  children,  to  the 
future  of  our  democracy.  Of  course  the 
health  of  our  men  in  military  service  is 
of  immediate  concern.  But  for  what 
are  they  fighting  if  it  isn't  for  the  "right 
to  conduct  our  affairs  with  a  primary 
regard  for  the  health  and  welfare  of 
our  people"? 

Public  health  nurses  have  asked  just 
where  their  duty  is  in  this  time  of  war. 
They  have  been  advised,  by  leaders  in 


their  field,  to  analyze  very  carefully 
their  individual  situations,  not  purely 
from  a  personal  point  of  view,  but  also 
in  terms  of  the  needs  of  their  agencies 
and  communities.  Military  service,  how- 
ever, has  claimed  some  of  them,  and 
matrimony  has  beckoned  to  others.  We 
live  in  a  free  country  with  the  right  to 
choose  our  own  course  of  action.  The 
result  is  that  public  health  nursing  or- 
ganizations are  beginning  to  feel  the 
strain  of  a  greater  turn-over  of  staff 
than  they  have  experienced  for  some 
time.  The  above  two  factors  are  almost 
beyond  our  control.  But  there  is  an- 
other cause  of  shortage  about  which 
we  can  take  immediate  action. 

First  of  all  we  must  go  right  back 
to  the  enrolment  of  young  women  in 
schools  of  nursing.  It  is  from  their 
ranks  that  our  public  health  nurses 
come.  Therefore  it  is  necessary,  from 
our  point  of  view  as  well  as  from  that 
of  hospitals,  that  great  care  be  given 
to  the  selection  of  student  nurses.  Espe- 
cially do  we  want  to  enroll  those  young 
women  of  good  education  who  are 
broad  in  their  thinking  and  mature  in 
their  judgment.  They  derive  great 
satisfaction  from  social  endeavours.  But 
no  matter  how  great  their  social  sensi- 
tivity, they  will  not  enter  our  training 
schools  unless,  at  the  end  of  three  years' 


MARCH,   1»42 


183 


184 


THE  CANADIAN  NURSE 


training,  they  can  be  assured  of  an 
income  which  is  comparable  to  that  of 
other  professions.  The  security  which 
comes  from  steady  work  and  good  in- 
come is  just  as  important  to  the  pro- 
fessional development  of  any  nurse  as 
is  the  satisfaction  which  she  derives  from 
her  occupation.  Job  opportunities  for 
women  are  tremendous,  at  present,  and 
unless  we  can  offer  our  nurses  the  fi- 
nancial returns  equivalent  to  that  of 
teachers,  stenographers,  industry  work- 
ers, and  so  on,  we  cannot  hope  to  swell 
our  enrolments  with  the  type  of  women 
we  want. 

If  training  schools  are  to  increase 
their  enrolments,  they  must  be  assisted 
financially  in  order  that  nursing  edu- 
cation standards  may  be  safeguarded. 
Is  this  not  a  responsibility  of  the  govern- 
ment, as  are  the  financial  requirements 
of  other  educational  fields?  I  would 
say  very  definitely,  yes,  it  is.  Nursing 
is  a  social  necessity,  and  as  such,  a  neces- 
sity to  national  defence.  Nursing  leaders 
must  make  this  very  clear,  and  adminis- 
trators must  request  government  assist- 
ance in  increasing  facilities. 

When  this  is  done,  we  may  expect  to 
increase  our  university  enrolments  in 
public  health  nursing.  But  this  will  not 
happen  unless  institutional  nurses  are 
informed  of  the  scope  of  the  field,  its 
requirements  and  opportunities  for  em- 
ployment. It  is  our  responsibility,  as 
public  health  nurses,  to  disseminate  this 
information  wherever  possible,  as  part 
of  a  larger  plan  for  recruiting.  Such  a 
campaign  requires  leadership  and  or- 
ganization. Leaders  in  nursing,  especially 
in  public  health  nursing,  must  recog- 
nize and  accept  this  responsibility,  and 
individual  public  health  nurses  must 
play  their  part  when  asked  to  do  so. 


Such  a  plan,  however,  is  of  little  avail, 
if  financial  requirements  for  courses  in 
public  health  nursing  are  prohibitive, 
and  facilities  of  university  nursing  edu- 
cation departments  are  limited.  With 
our  standards  at  their  level,  very  few 
public  health  nursing  agencies  have 
adequate  supervisory  staff  to  enable  them 
to  train  nurses  "on  the  job".  For  a 
sufficient  supply  of  personnel,  we  must 
rely  upon  the  output  of  public  health 
nurses  with  public  health  nursing  certi- 
ficates if  we  are  to  maintain  our  present 
standards  now  and  in  future.  Again  I 
see  it  as  a  matter  of  government  finan- 
cial support.  Loans  and  bursaries  must 
be  increased.  Teaching  staff  may  need 
to  be  increased  in  certain  university 
nursing   education   departments. 

Finally,  public  health  nursing  organ- 
izations must  carry  on  a  continuous  pro- 
gram of  preparing  staff  members  for 
advanced  positions  of  greater  responsi- 
bilities. For  every  key  position  in  any 
organization,  there  should  be  at  least 
one  staff  nurse  preparing  for  the  job. 
Our  leaders  are  well  aware  of  the  situa- 
tion. Already  they  are  mak'ng  plans  to 
prevent  a  shortage  of  well-qualified 
public  health  nurses.  Let  each  one  of 
us  be  prepared  to  take  part  in  this 
endeavor  to  the  best  of  her  ability, 
whether  it  be  in  actual  recruiting  or  in 
the  provision  of  field  experience  for 
students.  We  owe  this  to  our  profession, 
to  our  agencies,  to  our  country.  Let  me 
close  with  the  words  of  Miss  Katharine 
Tucker:  "We  must  organize  our  forces 
on  every  front  so  that  there  are  con- 
stantly more,  not  less,  public  health 
nurses  qualified  and  employed,  if  we 
are  to  meet  the  present  need  and  future 
emergencies  in  relation  to  national  de- 
fence". 


Vol.  38  No.  3 


Industrial  Nursing 


Helene  Snedden 


War  has  made  new  demands  in  all 
fields  of  our  national  life.  One  of  the 
demands  upon  the  nursing  profession 
has  come  through  the  increased  activity 
in  industry,  and  the  consequent  need  of 
qualified  nursing  service  in  maintaining 
optimal  health  among  the  workers.  This 
new  responsibility  was  considered  by  the 
Public  Health  Section  of  the  Registered 
Nurses  Association  of  Ontario,  and  of 
this  discussion  came  a  request  that  the 
School  of  Nursing  of  the  University  of 
Toronto  be  asked  to  offer  a  refresher 
course  in  industrial  nursing. 

The  Ontario  Department  of  Health 
co-operated  with  the  Public  Health  Sec- 
tion and  the  School  of  Nursing,  in  plan- 
ning the  program  which  attracted  115 
nurses.  Two  of  the  registrants  came 
from  the  Province  of  Quebec,  and  others 
from  widely  scattered  parts  of  Ontario. 
Approximately,  sixty  per  cent  were  en- 
gaged in  industrial  nursing  and  in  many 
instances  the  expenses  incurred  in  at- 
tending the  course,  were  met  by  the  in- 
dustry concerned. 

The  group  attended  lectures,  visited 
industries,  and  discussed  common  prob- 
lems in  round-table  conferences.  The 
general  principles  of  public  health  nurs- 
ing, presented  by  Miss  F.  H.  Emory,  as- 
sociate director  of  the  School  of  Nursing, 
provided  an  excellent  background  for 
the  lectures  on  industrial  nursing  given 
by  Miss  Ruth  Scott,  consultant  in  indus- 
trial nursing,  Bureau  of  Public  Health 
Nursing,  Indiana  State  Board  of  Health, 
whose  lectures  dealt  with  the  principles 
and  practice  of  industrial  nursing. 

The  importance  of  co-ordinating  all 
public  health  nursing  efforts  within  the 
community  was  emphasized  repeatedly. 
The  possibilities  for  the  development  of 


service  in  small  plants  through  the  pur- 
chase of  nursing  service  from  a  visiting 
nursing  agency  and  the  plan  of  extend- 
ing the  official  public  health  nursing  pro- 
gram to  include  industrial  service,  were 
discussed.  Plans  for  staff  education  were 
suggested.  It  was  shown  that  each  health 
worker  should  become  thoroughly  fa- 
miliar with  the  health  and  welfare  re- 
sources of  the  community,  as  well  as  the 
scope  of  activity  of  other  workers,  in 
order  to  make  the   fullest  contribution. 

Dr.  Grant  Cunningham,  director  of 
the  division  of  industrial  hygiene,  On- 
tario Department  of  Health,  interpreted 
the  modern  industrial  hygiene  program. 
Of  primary  importance  was  the  state- 
ment that  a  greater  loss  of  time  is  caused 
by  illness  than  by  accident  and,  further- 
more, that  illness  due  to  industrial  ha- 
zard constitutes  a  minor  problem  in 
comparison  to  that  of  general  sickness. 
Dr.  Cunningham  stressed  possibilities  of 
nursing  service  in  reducing  lost  time  and 
increasing  production.  He  reminded  the 
nurses  that  when  medical  service  is  not 
available  on  a  full-time  basis,  it  is  im- 
perative that  standing  orders,  signed  by 
the  physician,  be  provided  for  their  guid- 
ance. Mention  was  made  of  the  services 
available  to  industry,  through  the  Divi- 
sion of  Industrial  Hygiene. 

Dr.  J.  H.  JCouch,  of  the  Department 
of  Surgery  of  the  Universit}-^  of  Toron- 
to, and  Dr.  Ronald  Hare,  research  as- 
sociate in  the  Con  naught  Laboratories, 
lectured  on  first  aid  and  emergencies. 
Dr.  Couch  described  the  most  success- 
ful emergency  treatment  for  the  pre- 
vention of  infection  as  the  immediate 
covering  of  the  wound  with  a  dressing 
with  as  little  handling  as  possible;  the 
use  of  soap  and  water  in  cleansing;  and 


MARCH.   1942 


185 


186 


THE  CANADIAN  NURSE 


less  frequent  changing  of  dressings.  Dr. 
Hare  emphasized  the  danger  of  the 
wound  becoming  infected  by  the  person 
giving  first  aid.  This  frequently  occurs 
t^hrough   droplet   infections. 

The  importance  to  industry  of  sound 
mental  health,  and  the  ways  in  which 
the  nurse  might  recognize  and  assist  in 
the  early  solution  of  mental  health  prob- 
lems, were  topics  presented  in  lectures 
by  Dr.  K.  S,  Bernhardt,  assistant  pro- 
fessor of  psychology.  University  of  To- 
ronf'o.  A  healthy  personality  and  charac- 
teristics such  as  getting  on  well  with 
fellow  workers,  engaging  in  community 
activities,  and  having  an  optimistic  out- 
look, were  interpreted  and  deviations 
from  the  normal  were  described.  In 
recognizing  early  symptoms,  and  assist- 
ing in  the  adjustment  of  ^he  individual, 
many  serious  problems  might  be  averted. 
Dr.  F.  D.  Cruikshank,  of  the  National 
Steel  Car  Company,  and  Dr.  O.  A. 
Cannon,  of  the  Steel  Company  of  Can- 
ada, also  presented  papers. 

Industrial  management  was  presented 
from  the  point  of  view  of  the  chief  exe- 
cutive and  also  the  personnel  manager. 
Dr.  W.  H.  Cantelon,  of  the  Auto  Spe- 
cialty Manufacturing  Company,  ex- 
pressed as  his  considered  opinion,  that 
the  industrial  hygiene  department  func- 
tions best  when  its  head  is  responsible 
directly  to  the  chief  executive,  and  not 
to  another  department  manager.  The 
nurse's  place  in  industry  is  not  restricted 
to  the  activities  of  the  first  aid  room ;  her 
duties  include  an  interest  in  the  employee 
as  a  member  of  his  family  unit,  embrac- 
ing a  knowledge  of  the  home  conditions 
and  family  problems.  Through  such  a 
service  she  becomes  a  good  will  agent 
and  interpreter  of  relationship  within 
industry.  Mr.  J.  S.  Willis,  personnel 
manager,  Canada  Packers  Limited, 
raised  the  question  of  co-operation 
among  all  departments  in  an  industrial 
plant   and    voiced    the    opinion    that   the 


nurse  could  aid  greatly  in  promoting 
such  co-operation  through  her  many  per- 
sonal contacts  with  management  and 
employees. 

A  visit  to  the  General  Motors  Plant 
at  Oshawa  and  the  Dominion  Govern- 
ment Armaments  Plant  at  Pickering, 
provided  an  opportunity  to  observe  two 
widely  different  war  industries  in  opera- 
tion. 

Opportunity  for  general  discussion 
was  provided  through  two  round-table 
conferences.  The  topic  of  "The  com- 
munity health  service  and  the  industrial 
nurse"  was  introduced  by  presentations 
describing  the  provincial  and  local  health 
program,  the  services  and  policies  of 
Visiting  Nurses'  Associations  and  the 
ways  in  which  the  industrial  nursing 
service  may  make  use  of  and  can  con- 
tribute to  the  service  of  the  official  and 
un-official  agencies  in  the  community 
set-up.  This  period  was  directed  by  Miss 
Edna  L.  Moore,  of  the  Provincial  De- 
partment of  Health.  The  subject  of  the 
second  round-table  conducted  by  Miss 
Muriel  Mackay,  Ontario  Hydro  Elec- 
tric Commission,  was:  "Industrial  nurs- 
ing opportunities,  problems  and  tech- 
nique." The  discussion  covered  the 
nurse's  relationship  to  management  and 
employee;  the  development  of  a  health 
program,  including  sickness,  accidents 
and  home  visiting;  professional  growth, 
records  and  recording. 

Out  of  the  wide  range  of  subject  mat- 
ter presented  during  the  course  and  the 
discussions  on  methods  and  policies,  came 
a  new  realization  of  the  importance  of 
industrial  nursing  in  the  field  of  public 
health.  With  this  is  coupled  an  apprecia- 
tion of  the  need  for  preparation  in  the 
graduate  field.  It  is  to  be  expected  that 
organized  nursing  having  met  with  so 
eager  a  response  to  the  first  effort  in 
the  interest  of  its  members  in  the  field 
of  industrial  nursing,  will  continue  in  an 
endeavor  to  meet  their  needs. 


Vol.   38  No.   3 


STUDENT   NURSES   PAGE 


A  Week  with  the  Hospital  Health  Service 

Ruth  Watson 
Student  Nurse 

School    of    Niirsingy    Women's    College    Hospital 


I  had  often  heard  of  the  out-patient 
dinics  in  connection  with  the  various 
hospitals  in  Toronto,  but  my  week  with 
the  Hospital  Health  Service  has  given 
me  a  much  greater  appreciation  of  this 
branch  of  hospital  work.  I  found  that 
the  out-patient  clinic  is  a  tower  of 
strength  to  some  of  these  people  who 
cannot  afford  the  services  of  a  private 
doctor.  They  have  full  confidence  in  it. 
One  pregnant  mother  told  me  that  it 
was  such  a  relief  to  know  that  when 
the  clinic  discharged  her  she  was  in  good 
condition  and  that  she  need  not  worrj 
about  complications  in  the  future  be- 
cause of  neglect. 

I  was  surprised  to  find  that  the  clinic 
was  to  such  a  large  extent  a  public  health 
function.  I  thought  of  it  as  a  service  sup- 
plied by  the  hospital  from  a  charitable 
view-point,  to  be  taken  or  left  by  the 
needy  just  as  they  pleased.  But  I  found 
that  the  Public  Health  Department  of 
the  city  of  Toronto  uses  this  hospital 
service  as  a  means  to  teach  health  to  all 
who  come.  The  Department  maintains 
one  of  its  own  nurses  in  the  clinic  as  a 
link  between  the  hospital  and  the  dis- 
trict, and  as  a  means  of  getting  in  touch 
with  those  cases  which  otherwise  might 
not  fall  under  its  notice.  New  patients 
are  referred  to  this  hospital  health  service 


nurse,  as  she  is  called,  and  she  explains 
the  doctor's  orders,  takes  time  to  draw 
out  the  patient  and  win  her  confidence 
so  that  the  nurse  may  glean  some  knowl- 
edge of  the  home  conditions,  and  make 
a  record  of  this  information  for  future 


use. 


Once  the  new  patient  has  come  to  the 
clinic,  she  cannot  complain  that  she  does 
not  receive  treatment,  unless  she  wilful- 
ly refuses  it.  Appointments  are  made 
for  her  regular  return  and  if  she  is  care- 
less about  her  condition,  she  is  prodded 
into  looking  after  herself  by  the  follow- 
up  system  of  the  hospital  health  service 
nurse.  Though  this  nurse  may  not  make 
the  actual  visits  herself,  she  communi- 
cates with  the  local  district  nurse  and  ac- 
quaints her  with  the  circumstances  and 
the  district  nurse  then  interests  herself 
in  this  patient  and  gives  what  help,  in- 
formation and  instruction  may  be  need- 
ed, as  well  as  encouraging  her  to  re- 
turn to  clinic  until  completely  cured. 
The  hospital  health  service  nurse  ac«"s 
as  liaison  officer  between  the  district 
nurses  and  the  hospital.  Through  expert 
knowledge  she  is  able  to  approach  the 
proper  social  agencies  through  which  the 
patient  may  obtain  extra  foods  or  neces- 
sities ordered  by  the  doctor  and  which 
she   cannot  afford.   Every   patient   with 


MARCH.  1942 


187 


188 


THE    CANADIAN   NURSE 


whom  I  came  in  contact,  both  in  the 
clinic  and  in  the  district,  seemed  to  look 
upon  the  clinic  and  the  district  nurse  as 
a  refuge  and  a  friend  in  need.  I  feel 
that  the  public  health  nurses  are  doing 
their  utmost  to  ensure  '"hat  the  less  for- 
tunate have  the  best  possible  health  and 
often  without  the  co-operation  of  those 
needing  the  help.  In  many  cases  thev 
are  working  doggedh*  against  the  le- 
thargy and  indifference  of  the  people 
themselves. 

My  week  with  the  Health  Service 
Department  of  the  hospital  would  indeed 
have  been  incomplete  without  mv  after- 
noon spent  with  the  district  nurse  of  the 
Department  of  Public  Health.  When  I 
was  with  her  I  saw  the  other  side  of  the 
work  which  I  had  been  watchins  in  the 
clinic  and  in  the  office  of  the  hospital 
health  service  nurse.  That  afternoon  I 
saw  the  results  of  the  little  white  and 
pink  slips  which  had  been  going  out 
from  the  health  service  office  at  the  hos- 
pital. I  learned  something  of  the  varied 
nature  of  the  district  nurse's  duties:  a 
new  baby,  a  cut  eye,  a  broken  arm,  a 
weak  ches*^,  a  communicable  disease,  a 
mother's  allowance.  All  these  shared  her 
attention  in  one  afternoon.  I  was  some- 
what surprised  at  the  pleasant  and  co- 
operative reception  given  the  district 
nurse.  No  doubt  she  runs  against  many 
a  snag,  but  on  the  whole  most  people 
greeted  her  as  a  welcome  old  friend 
who  had  their  good  at  heart. 

The  wisdom  of  using  the  schools  as 
a  centre  around  which  to  build  public 
health  work  is  most  evident.  If  the 
health  of  the  school  were  outside  the 
dominion  of  the  Department  of  Public 
Health,  a  large  percentage  of  its  con- 
tacts would  be  cut  off  and  it  could  not 
function  nearly  so  effectually.  It  seems 


necessary  for  the  school  work  and  the 
district  work  to  go  hand  in  hand  or  both 
will  to  a  great  extent  fail  in  their  pur- 
pose. As  it  is,  with  the  school  health  and 
the  district  health  coming  under  one 
department,  the  picture  can  be  seen  as  a 
whole  and  there  are  not  two  depart- 
ments of  health,  each  working  with  one 
hand  tied,  and  probably  at  cross-purposes 
with  each  other. 

My  week  in  the  out-patient  clinic  has 
given  me  a  broader  picture  of  the  pa- 
tients I  meet  in  the  hospital.  I  shall  no*^ 
think  of  them  as  only  patients  in  hospital, 
but  I  shall  automatically  have  a  picture 
of  them  as  people  who  have  come  from 
homes  which  have  problems,  possibly 
such  as  I  saw  in  the  homes  in  the  district ; 
people  with  a  background  of  worries 
and  experiences  outside  of  hospital.  The 
hospital  so  tends  to  become  a  world  of 
its  own  that  the  nurses  on  the  wards  are 
apt  to  forget  that  the  patient  has  come 
from  a  world  of  distraction  and  annoy- 
ance apart  from  her  hospital  experience 
ahogether.  Listening  to  the  hospital 
health  service  nurse  and  the  district  nurse 
teach  health  has  given  me  ideas  for 
trying  to  drop  health  hints  and  do 
some  health  teaching  during  my  con- 
tacts with  patients.  Now  I  am  able  to 
see  the  general  picture  of  the  patient's 
life  and,  therefore,  understand  her  and 
her  problems  better  and  talk  to  her  with 
more  confidence. 

The  various  divisions  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  Public  Health  of  which  I  have 
learned  seem  to  fit  together  to  make  a 
perfect  circle  of  organization  and  check- 
up that  leaves  no  gaps.  No  doubt  there 
are  gaps — the  human  element  would 
most  surely  cause  them — but  to  the  ama- 
teur at  least  it  appears  to  be  a  perfect 
set-up. 


Vol.  3S  N«.  3 


Letters  from  Sweden 


Elizabeth  Lyster 


Author's  Note:  While  on  a  holiday 
in  New  York  City,  in  March  1940,  I 
learned  of  a  Field  Hospital  Unit  which 
was  being  formed  to  give  medical  and 
nursing  aid  to  Finland  in  the  war  which 
they  were  fighting  against  Russia  at 
that  time.  I  was  lucky  enough  to  be 
accepted  as  a  member  of  this  Unit  and, 
although  the  war  had  come  to  an  end 
before  we  sailed,  it  was  thought  that 
we  could  give  valuable  help  in  recons- 
truction. However,  as  shown  in  the 
following  letters,  the  German  invasion 
of  Norway  brought  about  changes  in 
the  original  plans  of  the  Unit. 


Stockholm,  Sweden 
August  5th,   1940 
Dear  M : 

As  you  see,  I  am  in  Stockholm.  I  came 
down  from  Stromsund  with  another 
nurse  of  the  Unit.  I  rather  hope  my 
last  k-'ter  to  you  has  not  arrived  for  in 
it  I  sa'd  that  I  might  be  home  soon  and 
now  I  shall  not  be.  Soon  after  I  wrote 
you,  it  was  learned  that  the  ship  would 
not  be  able  to  take  ajiy  but  American 
citizens.  Then  the  two  of  us  decided  to 
stay  on  in  Sweden  for  a  while  and,  as 
there  seems  to  be  a  shortage  of  nurses, 
I  think  there  will  be  no  difficulty  about 
getting  work.  One  of  the  heads  of  the 
Nurses  Organization  seems  to  be  in- 
terested in  us  and  has  suggested  that 
we  stay  in  a  nurses'  home  for  a  while 
so  '^hat  we  may  have  a  chance  to  learn 
enough  Swedish  to  get  along  with.  We 
bought  ourselves  two  dictionaries  to-day, 
each  about  an  inch  square,  but  with 
12,000  words  apiece,  English-Swedish, 
Swedish-English,  and  we  have  two 
grammars,  so  we  should  be  well  armed 


against  the  pitfalls  of  this  foreign  lan- 
guage. 

The  awnings  all  over  Stockholm  rival 
even  the  flowers  in  their  bright  coloura 
—  orajige,  brown,  henna,  blue,  green. 
One  building  flaunted  a  different  colour 
from  each  floor!  Bands  play  in  the 
evenings  in  the  parks  and  restaurants 
and  there  are  tables  and  chairs  on  the 
pavements,  surrounded  with  flower- 
boxes,  where  one  can  sit  in  the  sunshine 
and  watch  the  people  stroll  by.  I  use  the 
word  "stroll"  advisedly — it  is  the  tempo 
of  this  town.  Only  the  bicycles  hurry 
and  perhaps  they  only  seem  to,  for  we 
are  still  forgetful  of  left-hand  traffic  at 
times  and  apt  to  find  ourselves  tangled 
up  with  a  few  of  them. 

I  met  Professor  N.,  one  of  our  fel- 
low passengers,  on  the  street  to-day,  and 
he  asked  us  to  have  tea  with  him.  He 
said  he  had  saved  a  few  ounces  of  a 
special  tea  against  my  return  to  S'^ock- 
holm.  He  has,  for  years  ajid  years, 
bought  his  tea  from  Twynings,  Lon- 
don. I  wonder  how  long  it  will  be  be- 
fore he  will  be  able  to  enjoy  this  par- 
ticular pleasiM'e  again.  I  think  tea  is  as 
much  of  a  ritual  for  him  as  for  most 
Englishmen. 

The  statue  of  Orpheus  in  front  of  the 
Concert  Hall  is  now  in  full  view.  The 
protective  boarding  which  surrounded 
it  when  we  were  here  before  has  been 
removed.  Now  Orpheus  rises  serene 
above  the  tumbling  water  of  the  foun- 
tain and  the  encircling  forms  below,  and 
a  market  blossoms  daily  on  the  square, 
while  under  the  feet  of  the  market  wo- 
men and  the  ambling  marketeers,  lies 
a  vast  hole  torn  out  of  the  earth — Stock- 
holm's largest  air-raid  shelter.  There 
are    many    about,    and    many    sandba^rs 


MARCH.   1942 


190 


T  H  E   C  A  N  A  D  I  A  N   NURSE 


block  up  basement  windows,  but  they 
are  just  a  reminder,  a  rather  strange  re- 
minder, that  there  is  a  world  where 
these  things  have  their  uses.  But  how 
uselessly  disfiguring  they  all  seem  here, 


Stockholm,  Sweden 
Aug.     10th,     1940. 
DearM: 

This  letter  is  going  to  have  an  event- 
ful journey  and  I  wish  it  were  possible 
for  it  to  record  all  its  adventures.  I  am 
giving  it  to  someone  who  is  going  home 
by  way  of  Russia  and  Japan.  I  have 
made  them  promise  that  they  will  deli- 
ver it  in  person  and  so  be  able  to  tell 
you  more  news. 

I  tried  in  my  last  letter  to  give  you 
a  few  glimjises  of  this  lovely  and  ap- 
pealing town.  So  much  could  be  said 
of  the  curving  streets,  of  the  blue  water 
which  comes  to  meet  you  at  unexpected 
turns,  of  the  softened  almost  blurred 
colouring  which  makes  one  think  of  a 
pastel  or  a  dream.  With  so  much  colour 
abounding,  flowers,  awnirtgs,  sun  um- 
brellas, chairs,  table  cloths,  dishes,  all 
in  the  most  glorious  combinations,  one 
might  be  tempted  to  think  that  riotous 
would  describe  it  —  not  at  all  — •  even 
the  colours  stroll !  ■ 

The  tea  was  fully  as  good  as  I  had 
remembered  if.  Professor  N.  says  the 
Swedes' ("we"j  says  he)  are'  becoming 
moi'e  fatalistic  each  day.  "What  is 
there  to  db— one  might  just  as  well  sit 
and  twiddle  ones  thumbs." 


Stockholm,  Sweden 
•  August  1 7th,  1940 
Dear  M:         ' 

Yesterday  we  had  some  good  news. 
Miss  Hojer,  who  is  Miss  Elfverson's  as- 
sistant, called  us  to  go  and  see  her  and 
when  we  arrived,  shaking  in  our  shoes  a 
little,  it  was  to  hear  that  arrangements 
have  been  made  for  us  to  go  to  Kalmar, 


which  is  south  of  Stockholm  on  the 
coast.  One  of  us  is  to  stay  with  a  brother 
of  Miss  Elfverson's,  who  is  a  gentleman 
farmer  and  has  a  large  place,  and  the 
other  with  a  friend  of  Miss  Elfverson's. 
Miss  Elfverson,  I  should  explain,  is 
Director  of  Nurses  for  Sweden  on  the 
Royal  Nurses  Board.  We  shall  stay 
there  two  or  perhaps  even  three  months 
while  we  learn  enough  Swedish  and  we 
are  not  to  pay  a  single  cent  for  all  this — 
just  help  with  whatever  work  we  can. 
Did  you  ever  hear  of  such  hospitality 
and  kindness?  We  don't  know  anything 
about  Kalmar  as  yet  except  that  it  is 
about  twelve  hours  by  train  from  Stock- 
holm and  that  it  is  the  site  of  an  ancient 
castle. 

R.  tells  me  that  her  consulate  is  slight- 
ly exasperated  with  her  (she  says  she 
has  become  an  international  problem 
child).  As  for  mine,  they  took  it  very 
much  in  their  stride.  I  don't  suppose  one 
more  soul  can  possibly  mean  much  in 
their  lives,  after  trying  more  or  less 
unsuccessfully  to  get  600  others  out  of 
the  country.  The  man  from  Oslo  did 
ask  me  what  I  intended  to  do  if  I  didn't 
get  work  and  I  asked  him  what  he  would 
suggest  and  he  said  I  could  always  come 
down  and  cry  on  their  shoulders  which, 
I  said,  was  a  lovely  and  comforting 
thought!  However,  that  contingency  is 
not  at  all  likely — they  are  very  short  of 
nurses  apparently. 

In  this  section  of  Stockholm,  between 
each  row  of  apartments,  they  leave  a 
nice  breathing  space,  full  of  grass,  trees, 
flowers,  flagstone  walks  and  here  and 
there  small  flagstone  lined  shallow  pools 
for  the  children  to  play  in  and  sail  their 
boats.  Sandpiles  are  kept  in  check,  not 
by  prosaic  boards,  but  by  large  rounded 
stones.  The  ground  in  parts  has  been 
left  untouched  and  large  boulders  jut 
out  forming  natural  homes  for  rock 
garden  plants  and  flowers.  There  are 
fountains  shooHng  high  into  the  air  and 


Vol.   38  No.    i 


LETTERS   FROM    SWEDEN 


191 


falling  gracefully  sideways  in  a  fine  curv- 
ing curtain  of  water.  The  buildings 
themselves  vary  from  oyster-white  to 
light  grey  with  a  faint  pinky  tinge,  from 
palest  yellow  to  deeper  shades  with  here 
and  there  a  nice  green  with  dark  green 
awnings.  The  general  effect  is  that  of 
large  groups  of  large  white  buildings 
with  splashes  of  colour  provided  by 
awnings  and  flower  boxes.  The  whole 
side  of  this  room  where  I  am  writing, 
is  glass:  one  huge  window  and  the  glass 
door  leading  to  the  small  balcony.  The 
window  extends  from  the  ceiling  to 
within  two  feet  of  the  floor;  under  it 
there  is  a  marble  shelf  (somewhat  re- 
miniscent of  Connemara  though  with 
less  green  in  it)  and  along  this  are  plan'^s. 
Gasoline  is  rationed  ajid  taxis  are  not 
allowed  to  drive  you  to  places  of  amuse- 


ment— so  they  drive  you  to  within  one 
block!  Many  cars  are  equipped  with 
charcoal  burners  which  are  attached  to 
the  trunk  rack  at  the  back  or  trail  along 
behind  like  large  silver  bugs.  The  buses 
find  the  hills  hard  going  with  a  full  load 
aboard  and  only  charcoal  to  deal  with 
the  problem.  Otherwise,  they  seem  to  be 
very  efficient.  Coffee  and  tea  and  sugar 
are  also  rationed,  but  there  does  not 
seem  to  be  any  shortage  so  far.  Food  has 
gone  up  tremendously  though  to  us  the 
prices  for  meals  still  seem  reasonable 
comparing  them  wit^h  home  prices.  The 
people  on  the  streets  afford  one  a  nice 
feeling  of  free  and  easiness.  Apparently 
one  can  wear  just  what  one  feels  like 
wearing  (practically  anything  goes)  and 
no  one  looks  twice.  It  is  a  nice  town. 
(To  he  continued^ 


Book  Reviews 


Nursing    Care    of    Communicable    Diseases, 

by  Mary  Elizabeth  Pillsbury.  R.X.,  M.A.. 
formerly  Instructor  of  Communicable 
Disease  Nursing.  Yale  University  School 
of  Nursing.  Sixth  Edition  Revised.  Illus- 
trated. 578  pages  and  index.  Published 
by  the  J.  B.  Lippincott  Company ;  Cana- 
dian Agents :  Medical  Arts  Bldg..  Mont- 
real. Price,  $3.50. 

The  value  of  this  text  is  demonstrated 
by  the  fact  that,  in  a  little  more  than  ten 
years,  five  editions  have  been  published. 
The  sixth  edition  has  evidently  undergone 
thorough  revision  and  new  material  has 
been  added  dealing  with  syphilis,  poliomyeli- 
tis, bacillary  dysentery  and  rheumatic  fever. 
Emphasis  has  also  been  placed  upon  the  new 
developments  in  chemo-therapy.  Part  One 
contains  chapters  on  the  prevention  and  con- 
trol of  communicable  diseases  while  Part 
Two  is  devoted  to  a  discussion  of  nursing 
care.  Part  Three  consists  of  a  brief  picture 
of  public  health  nursing  and  an  historical 
review  of  the  care  of  communicable  diseases. 
The  chapters   on  the   causal   organisms   and 


resistance  to  disease  are  particularly  good 
and  are  well  illustrated  by  tables  and  charts. 
There  is  also  an  excellent  chapter,  written 
by  Dr.  Grace  M.  Swanner,  dealing  with  the 
recognition  and  treatment  of  fungous  dis- 
eases. The  whole  question  of  prevention  and 
control  receive  adequate  attention.  Various 
methods  of  gown  technique  are  described 
at  some  length  and  are  further  demonstrated 
by  full  page  illustrations.  The  nursing  pro- 
cedures associated  with  each  disease  are 
clearly  outlined  and  measures  for  control 
are  given  in  every  instance.  At  this  time, 
when  the  incidence  of  epidemic  disease  may 
be  expected  to  rise,  this  excellent  textbook 
should   prove   more   valuable   than   ever. 


Textbook  of  Materia  Medica,  Pharma- 
cology and  Therj^eutics,  by  A.  S.  Blum- 
garten.  M.D.,  F.A.C.P.  Seventh  edition, 
completely  revised.  Illustrated.  804  pages 
and  index.  Published  by  The  Macmillan 
Company  of  Canada,  St.  Martin's  House. 
Toronto.  Price,  $3.00. 


MARCH,  1942 


192 


T  H  P:    CANADIAN   NURSE 


Comparison  of  the  seventh  edition  of  this 
textbook,  with  the  previous  edition,  which 
appeared  as  recently  as  1937,  shows  that 
much  new  material  has  been  added.  Most  of 
it  deals  with  recent  developments  in  chemo- 
therapy and  particularly  with  the  various 
sulfanilamide  compounds.  Considerable  space 
is  given  to  a  discussion  of  glandular  specifics. 
An  entire  chapter  is  devoted  to  vitamins  and 
there  is  an  excellent  table  showing  the  foods 
in  which  the  various  types  of  food  principles 
are  present  and  their  general  therapeutic 
uses.  The  general  arrangement  of  the  subject 
matter  has  not  been  changed  but  is  still 
directed  towards  teaching  the  nurse  to  ob- 
serve the  effects  of  drugs  on  patients  and 
to  administer  a  remedy  in  such  a  manner 
that  the  desired  effect  is  obtained.  Emphasis 
is  also  placed  on  the  early  recognition  of 
toxic  symptoms.  Each  chapter  is  followed 
by  intelligent  questions  which  will  be  helpful 
to  instructors  as  well  as  to  students. 


Who  is  My  Patient?  A  Religious  Manual 
for  Nurses,  by  Russell  L.  Dicks,  B.D. 
149  pages.  Published  by  The  Macmillan 
Company  of  Canada,  St.  Martin's  House, 
Toronto.  Price,  $1.75. 

This  little  book  carries  conviction  because 
it  is  written  by  a  clergyman  who  has  had 
much  experience  in  dealing  with  patients 
and  with  the  nurses  who  take  care  of  them. 
He  has  served  as  chaplain  in  the  Massachu- 
setts General  Hospital  and,  later,  in  the  Pres- 
byterian Hospital,  Chicago.  The  chapter  de- 
voted to  a  discussion  of  the  clergyman's 
ministry  to  the  sick  is  free  from  all  sectarian 
narrowness  and  suggests  how  the  nurse  may 
best  help  the  patient  to  receive  the  religious 
benefits  of  his  own  faith,  whether  he  be 
Protestant,  Catholic,  or  Hebrew.  Every 
nurse  should  read  the  chapter  on  the  religious 
needs  of  the  sick  and  learn  how  to  recognize 
the  signs  of  loneliness  and  fear  which  the 
patient  is  vainly  striving  to  hide.  Then  she 
should  turn  to  the  excellent  outline  of  the 
twin  arts  of  listening  and  reassurance.  The 
religious  approach  to  the  nurse  herself  is 
not  direct  except  in  the  final  chapter  which 


puts  the  question  so  many  of  us  ask — why 
do  the  innocent  suffer?  This  is  the  author's 
answer:  '"Suffering  cannot  be  evaluated 
apart  from  what  it  does  for  individuals.  It 
may  fail  miserably  in  one  instance  and  in 
another  triumph.  God  and  the  earth  are 
bountiful  in  their  good  gifts :  we  use  them 
according  to  our  understanding  and  appre- 
ciation. The  creative  way  to  deal  with  an 
experience  is  not  to  judge  it  upon  a  pleasure- 
pain  basis  but  rather  upon  the  basis  of : 
what  can  I  do  with  this  opportunity?  It  is 
the  task  of  each  of  us  to  discover  the 
desire  of  God  for  himself ;  it  is  the  task 
of  each  of  us  to  search  for  the  meaning 
behind    every    experience." 


The  Premature  Infant,  Its  Medical  and 
Nursing  Care,  by  Julius  H.  Hess,  M.D., 
Professor  of  Pediatrics.  University  of 
Illinois  College  of  Medicine ;  and  Evelyn 
C.  Lundeen,  R.  N.,  Supervisor,  Premature 
Infant  Station,  Sarah  Morris  Hospital. 
Chicago.  Illustrated.  309  pages,  including 
index.  Published  by  J.  B.  Lippincott  Com- 
pany ;  Canadian  Agents :  Medical  Arts 
Bldg..   Montreal.   Price,  $4.25. 

In  this  book  the  authors  have  collaborated 
to  present  the  latest  data,  methods,  and  proce- 
dures, in  the  care  of  the  newborn  infant. 
They  are  to  be  congratulated  on  their  pains- 
taking effort,  which  should  prove  a  guide 
and  monitor  to  every  physician  and  nurse 
interested  in  obstetrics  and  paediatrics.  The 
correlation  of  medical  and  nursing  care  is 
well  demonstrated;  there  are  numerous  il- 
lustrations ;  equipment,  both  expensive  and 
simple,  is  carefully  described  and  the  statis- 
tical tables  are  well  worth  careful  study. 
Again  and  again,  the  well  known  fact  is 
stressed  that  elaborate  nurseries  and  equip- 
ment are  of  little  value  unless  the  staff  is 
well  trained,  well  supervised,  and  of  suffi- 
cient numl)er  to  cover  the  service  during  the 
twenty-four  hour  period.  This  is,  of  course, 
true  of  any  nursing  service,  but  more  so  in 
a  premature  nursery,  where  a  minute's  care- 
lessness or  inattention  may  mean  the  life  of 
a  very  precious  child. 


Vol.   38  No.   3 


O.  N.  S.  A.   NEWS   LETTER 


193 


Chapters  eight,  nine,  and  ten,  should  be  of 
interest  to  public  health  nurses  and  to  all 
those  responsible  for  the  care  of  these  in- 
fants in  the  home;  chapter  eleven,  which 
deals  with  the  feeding  of  the  child,  is  most 
comprehensive.  Chapter  twenty-seven,  which 
outlines  "City  and  State  Plans  for  the  Care 
of  the  Premature  Infant",  should  prove  an 


incentive    to    every    one    concerned    in    this 
phase  of  child  welfare. 

Caroline  V.  Barrett, 
Sufervisor, 

Royal      Vicorin     Montreal     Maternity  ^ 
Montreal. 


O.N.S.A.  News  Letter 


Plans  for  the  eighth  biennial  general  meet- 
ing of  the  Overseas  Nursing  Sisters  Asso- 
ciation of  Canada  were  completed  by  the 
Executive  Committee  at  a  recent  meeting. 
Member  Units  have  been  advised  that  Mon_ 
day,  June  22,  has  been  chosen  for  our  gen- 
eral meeting,  when  items  of  considerable 
importance  will  be  dealt  with.  The  Montreal 
Unit  will  have  further  news  for  the  Units 
at  a  later  date  when  plans  for  a  social  re- 
union have  been  completed.  Members  are 
reminded  that  the  General  Meeting  of  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association  will  be  held 
in  Montreal  from  June  22  to  26,  and  that 
Monday  22,  will  be  our  special  day.  All  are 
assured  of  a  warm  welcome. 

The  Reghia  Unit  reports  a  satisfactory 
year.  The  officers  elected  are :  president, 
Mrs.  D.  C.  Fyffe;  first  vice-president,  Mrs. 
A.  E.  L.  Shand ;  second  vice-president,  Mrs. 
A.  T.  Child;  secretary-treasurer,  Mrs.  P. 
Harradance.  Executive:  Mrs.  J.  E.  Leveille, 
Mrs.  A.  E.  James,  Miss  L.  Lynch,  Miss  O. 
Hudson;  publicity,  Mrs.  O.  J.  Monette; 
sick  visiting,  Miss  O.  Hudson. 

The  Edmonton  Unit  records  with  sincere 
regret  the  great  sorrow  that  has  come  to 
their  president,  whose  only  son  has  laid  down 
his  life  for  his  King  and  country. 

The  following  officers  were  elected  :  presi- 
dent, Mrs.  John  Turner;  first  vice-president, 
Mrs.  R.  F.  Nicholls;  second  vice-nresident. 
Miss  Belle  McGuire ;  recording  secretary, 
Mrs.  Byron  Morrison ;  corresponding  se- 
cretary, Miss  Emeline  Robinson ;  treasurer. 
Miss  Olive  Ross ;  representative  to  Cana- 
dian Corps,  Miss  Catherine  MacKay. 

The  Calgary  Unit  has  elected  the  following 
officers:   president,  i^Iiss  Lavell;   first  vice- 


president,  Miss  H.  B.  Acton ;  secretary, 
treasurer,  Mrs.  John  MulhoUa.nd ;  Red  Cross 
convener,  Miss  N.  Shearer ;  telephone  se- 
cretary, Mrs.  S.  S.  Nelson ;  social  convener. 
Mrs.  B.  E.  Hull ;  press  reporter,  Mrs.  Wil- 
fred Paterson.  During  1941  the  Unit  made 
and  donated  over  20,000  articles  of  clothing 
and  surgical  dressings.  Two  R.C.A.M.C. 
Nursing  Sisters,  Ruth  Turnbull  and  Lula 
McComb,  who  are  awaiting  departure  for 
service  in  South  Africa,  were  guests  of  the 
Unit  at  the  annual  meeting. 

The  Mdntrcal  Unit  recently  held  its  an- 
nual meeting  and  excellent  reports  of  work 
accomplished  were  accorded  due  appreciation 
Officers  were  elected  as  follows:  president, 
Miss  C.  M.  Watling;  vice-president,  Miss 
Gwen  Holland ;  treasurer.  Miss  Connie  Har- 
rison ;  executive  committee :  Mrs.  C.  E.  Bi- 
saillon,  Mrs.  A.  R.  Ketterson,  Miss  Evd 
Cumbers ;  convener,  wool  committee,  Mrs. 
H.  Routh ;  sick  visiting  committee.  Miss 
Edilh  Campbell. 

The  Windsor  Unit  recently  held  its  an- 
nual meeting  and  a  donation  of  $30  was  voted 
to  the  Red  Cross.  The  following  officers 
were  elected :  president.  Miss  Ann  Hicks ; 
vice-president,  Mrs.  W.  J.  Elliott;  treasurer, 
Miss  Lucy  Bailey ;  secretary.  Miss  Ida  Bull. 

The  Toronto  Unit  announced  that,  at  its 
annual  meeting,  careful  study  of  the  pro- 
posed amendments  to  the  O.N.S.A.  consti- 
tution and  by-laws  would  take  place.  Copies 
of  the  draft  of  the  proposed  amendments, 
prepared  by  Miss  Edna  Moore,  have  been 
issued  by  the  secretary_treasurer  of  the 
O.N.S.A.,  for  purpose  of  study,  to  all  Units. 

The  death  of  Miss  Muriel  Margaret  Fell, 
a  member  of  the  Toronto  Unit,  is  regret- 
fully recorded. 


MARCH,   1942 


How  you  may  help  the  Red  Cross 


Graduate  nurses  with  an  hour  to  spare 
each  week,  can  be  at  this  time,  of  great 
service  to  their  country.  We  have  all  won- 
dered how  best  our  training  might  be  used, 
and  this  opportunity  is  ours,  now.  The  Red 
Cross  Courses  in  Home  Nursing  and  Emer- 
gencies in  War  are  simple,  basic,  and  provide 
for  demonstration.  Well  thought  out  teach- 
ing guides  are  provided  so  that  no  one  need 
hesitate  to  Tolunteer  for  lack  of  experience 
in  teaching.  There  is  need  for  a  great  num- 
ber of  people  who  know  what  to  do  in  ill- 
ness or  emergency  until  trained  aid  arrives, 
and  we,  who  have  that  knowledge  can  make 
a  worthwhile  contribution  to  the  war  effort 
by  helping  to  train  others. 

To  undertake  a  new  venture,  which  one 
can  successfully  conclude,  always  gives  one 
a  thrill !  To  see  a  group  of  young  people 
respond  to  one's  efforts  at  teaching,  with 
enthusiasm  and  pleasure,  turns  the  shrill  into 
a  glow  of  real  pride.  Such  an  experience  was 


mine  recently,  when  I  watched  a  group  of 
iiigh  school  girls  demonstrate  some  of  the 
things  that  they  had  learned  in  a  Red  Cross 
home  nursing  class.  My  pride,  as  their  tea- 
cher, was  reflected  in  their  pride  of  knowl- 
edge, and  the  sure  way  they  undertook  their 
assignments.  This  class  was  not  the  first,  or 
the  twenty-first,  I  had  taught,  so  could  not 
be  called  a  new  venture,  but  each  new  class 
brings  its  own  personalities  and  pleasures 
(and  sometimes  problems)  and  presents  a 
fresh  challenge  to  the  instructress. 

All  graduate  nurses  may  help  the  Red 
Cross  in  giving  these  courses  in  their  own 
communities.  We  are  all  desirous  of  doing 
all  we  can  to  help  along  the  war  effort, 
and  this  is  a  piece  of  work  that  will  accom- 
plish that  and  give  real  personal  satisfaction 
as  well. 

Marion  Starr 

(Mrs.  Gilbert  Storey) 


A.R.N. P.Q.  Annual  Meeting 


The  annual  meeting  of  the  Association 
of  Registered  Nurses  of  the  Province  of 
Quebec  will  be  held  on  May  15,  1942,  in 
the  Windsor  Hotel.  The  curtailment  of  the 
Meeting  to  one  day  is  due  to  the  fact  that 
the  Canadian  Nurses  Association  will  meet 
in  Montreal  in  June.  Sessions  will  be  as 
follows:  9.00  a.m.— Hotel-Dieu  de  St.  Jo- 
seph— General  meeting  of  the  Hospital  and 
School  of  Nursing  Section  (French  Group)  ; 
2.30  p.m. — York  Room,  Windsor  Hotel — 
General  business  session,  with  address  by 
the   president ;    8.30   p.m. — General    meetings 


in  French  and  English  will  be  conducted  con- 
currently in  the  York  Room  and  the  Prince 
of  Wales  Salon.  Further  details  regarding 
program  will  be  announced  in  the  daily 
papers  at  later  dates.  Room  129  adjoining 
the  York  Room  has  been  reserved  for  voting 
and  will  be  open  for  convenience  of  mem- 
bers on  May  15  from  2.30  to  10.30  p.m. 
Ballots  may  also  be  cast  at  Hotel-Dieu 
between  9  a.m.  and  12  noon.  The  ballot 
box  closes  at  10.30  p.m..  May  15.  Members 
will  be  eligible  to  vote  upon  presentation  of 
1941    registration    renewal    certificate. 


Nurses  Wanted  for  the  Crenfell  Mission 


Three  nurses  are  i*rgentLy  iveeded  for  the 
Grenfell  Mission — one  for  hospital  serTice 
and  two  for  duty  in  nursing  stations.  Even 
in  time  of  war,  this  vitally  important  work 


must  not  be  allowed  to  suffer.  Full  particu- 
lars may  be  obtained  from  Miss  E.  G. 
Graham,  Grenfell  Labrador  Medical  Mission, 
48  Sparks  St.,  Ottawa. 


194 


Vol.   J8  No.  i 


Victorian  Order  of  Nurses  for  Canada 


The  following  are  the  staff  appointments 
to,  transfers,  and  resignations  from  the  Vic- 
torian Order  of   Nurses   for  Canada: 

Miss  Marion  Kent,  a  graduate  of  the 
University  of  Toronto  School  of  Nursing, 
Miss  Laura  Wheel  band,  a  graduate  of  the 
Hamilton  General  Hospital,  and  Miss  Made- 
line Smith,  a  graduate  of  St.  Joseph's  Hos- 
pital, Hamilton,  have  been  appointed  to  the 
Hamilton    Branch. 

Miss  A.  Whiston,  a  graduate  of  the  \^ic- 
toria  General  Hospital,  Halifax,  and  of  the 
course  in  public  health  nursing  at  the  McGill 
School  for  Graduate  Nurses,  and  who  has 
recently  completed  a  postgraduate  course  in 
communicable  disease  nursing  at  the  Alex- 
andra Hospital,  Montreal,  has  been  appointed 
to  the  Truro  Branch. 

Miss  Elaine  Lefebvre,  a  graduate  of  the 
Ottawa  General  Hospital,  has  been  appointed 
to  the  Lachine  Branch  temporarily. 

Miss  Georgia  Byers,  a  former  Victorian 
Order  Nurse,  has  returned  to  the  Halifax 
Branch  temporarily. 

Miss  Muriel  Rice,  formerly  staff  nurse 
on  the  Kirkland  Lake  Branch,  has  been  ap- 
pointed nurse-in-charge. 

Miss  Edna  Dysart,  a  graduate  of  the 
Moncton  Hospital,  Miss  Elsie  Schmnan,  a 
graduate  of  St.  Paul's  Hospital,  Saskatoon, 
Miss  Helen  Kay,  a  graduate  of  the  Toronto 
General  Hospital,  and  Miss  Margaret  Baker, 
a  graduate  of  the  Children's  Hospital.  Hali- 
fax, having   completed  two   months'   super- 


vised experience  on  the  Montreal  staff 
introductory  to  Victorian  Order  work,  have 
been  posted  respectively  sis  follows:  King- 
ston,   Regina,    Hamilton,   and   Montreal. 

Miss  Edith  Horton  has  been  transferred 
from  the  Kirkland  Lake  Branch  to  the 
Kitchener     Branch    as    nurse-in-charge. 

Miss  Christcne  McKinnon  has  been  trans- 
ferred from  the  Halifax  Branch  to  the 
Prince    Albert    Branch    as    nurse-in-chargo. 

Miss  Ellen  Linton  has  been  transferred 
from  the  Canso  Branch  to  the  Sackville 
Branch  as  nurse-in-charge. 

Miss  Constance  Leleu,  who  relieved  on  the 
Sackville  Branch  for  three  months,  has  re- 
turned to  the  Hamilton  Branch. 

Miss  Winnifred  Ashplant  has  resigned 
from  the  Kitchener  Branch  as  nurse-in- 
charge  to  accept  the  position  of  public 
health  nurse  in  the  secondary  schools  in 
London. 

Miss  Anna  McFarland  has  resigned  from 
the  Kingston  Branch  to  join  the  Nursing 
Service  of  the  R.C.A.M.C. 

Miss  Marion  Mercer  has  resigned  from 
the  Montreal  staff  to  accept  a  position  on 
the  staff  of  the  Montreal  General  Hospital. 

Miss  Marjorie  Cowan  has  resigned  from 
the  Regina  Branch  to  accept  a  position  on 
the  Collegiate  staff  of  Regina,  Saskatche- 
wan. 

Mrs.  Jeanette  Hicks  has  resigned  from 
the  Montreal  Branch  where  she  was  tempor- 
arily employed. 


M.A.R.N.  Annual  Meeting 


The  annual  meeting  of  the  Manitoba  Asso- 
ciation of  Registered  Nurses  will  be  held 
on  April  24  and  25  at  the  Fort  Garry  Hotel 
in  Winnipeg.  Although  full  details  are  not 
yet  available  it  is  already  apparent  that  the 
program  will  be  both  timely  and  interesting. 
The  main  theme  is  to  be  "Nursing  and  De- 
fence" and  the  speakers  will  include  repre- 
sentatives of  the  Army,  Navy,  and  Air  Force. 
The  importance  of  civilian  defence  measures 
will  also  be  emphasized.  An  evening  session. 


which  will  take  place  at  the  Children's  Hos- 
pital, is  to  be  devoted  to  the  study  of  nurs- 
ing care  in  poliomyelitis.  Other  topics  are 
war  neuroses  and  the  technique  of  blood 
transfusion.  Special  attention  will  also  be 
given  to  industrial  nursing.  An  important 
feature  will  be  the  presentation  of  a  report, 
prepared  by  the  School  of  Nursing  Advisor, 
which  sets  forth  the  effect  which  the  de- 
fence program  is  having  upon  schools  of 
nursing  in   Manitoba.   Some  pleasant   social 


MARCH,  1942 


193 


196 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


functions    are    being    arranged,    including    a      that  there  will  be  a  large  attendance,  especial - 
luncheon  and  the  usual  banquet.  It  is  hoped       ly  of  out-of-town  members. 


M.LI.C  Nursing  Service 


Miss  Jcatmiue  Con/>al  (Ottawa  General 
Hospital,  1937,  and  public  health  nursing 
course,  McGill  School  for  Graduate  Nurses, 
1939)  has  resigned  to  join  the  Royal  Cana- 
dian Air  Force  as  Nursing  Sister.  Miss  Cou- 
pal  has  been  in  charge  of  the  Metropolitan 
nursing  in  Chicoutimi,  Que. 

Miss  Irene  Dubreuil  (St.  Luc  Hospital, 
Montreal,  1934,  and  public  health  nursing 
course,  University  of  Montreal,  1936)  has 
been  transferred  from  Montreal  to  Chicou- 
timi, replacing  Miss  Coupal. 

Miss  Antoinette  Larose  (St.  Justine  Hos- 
pital, 1935,  and  University  of  Montreal  pub- 
lic health  nursing  course,  1938)  lias  resigned 
from  the  Metropolitan  Life  Insurance  Com- 


pan3    to  be  married.    Miss  Larose  has  been 
on  the  Quebec  City  Nursing  Staff. 

The  quarterly  meeting  of  the  nurses  of 
the  Metropolitan  Life  Insurance  Company 
of  Montreal  was  held  recently  with  the 
president.  Miss  Adrienne  St.  Onge,  in  the 
chair.  The  speaker  was  the  Rev.  Father 
Noel  Mailloux,  O.P.  who  entertained  the 
audience  by  developing  in  a  most  brilliant 
and  practical  way  the  following  subject, 
"Our  Nurses  and  the  War".  The  nurses 
were  impressed  by  the  moral  value  of  the 
lecture  by  which  we  will  all  personally 
profit :  this  standard  they  will  spread  in 
our  population  by  their  daily  contacts  with 
the  families. 


Ontario  Public  Health  Nursing  Service 


Miss  Hliaabeth  Edwards,  B.A.,  has  re- 
signed the  position  she  has  occupied  for  five 
years  with  the  Simcoe  Board  of  Health.  She 
has  accepted  a  post  at  Picton  where  the 
municipal  authorities  are  undertaking  the 
establishment  of  a  generalized  public  health 
nursing  service. 

Miss  Marion  Kidney  (Calgary  General 
Hospital  and  University  of  Toronto  School 
of  Nursing,  1935)  has  been  appointed  to  the 
York  Township  public  health  nursing  staff. 

Miss  Helen  Thompson,  public  health  nurse, 
Weston,  has  returned  to  duty  after  a  leave 
of  absence. 


Miss  Mary  Sican  (Johns  Hopkins  School 
of  Nursing  and  University  of  Toronto 
School  of  Nursing)  who  received  from  the 
Rockefeller  Foundation  a  fellowship  for  one 
year  of  advanced  study  and  experience,  is 
with  the  St.  Catharines  Department  of 
Health  for  three  and  a  half  months.  In 
April  she  will  spend  two  weeks  with  the 
nursing  service  of  the  United  Counties 
Health  Unit. 

Miss  Louise  Grover  has  resigned  as  public 
health  nurse  with  the  Renfrew  Board  of 
Health. 


WANTED 

Applications  are  invited  by  a  380-bed 
Instructor    in    Nursing 
Supervisor  of  the  Children' 
Hospital  Dietitian 

hospital 
s  Section 

for  the  following  positions: 

Apply 
Box 

in 
12 

care  of: 
The  Canadian  Nurse,  1411 

Crescent 

St., 

Montreal, 

P. 

Q. 

Vol.  iS  No.   J 


NEWS    NOTE  S 


ALBERTA 

Red  Deer: 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  Red  Deer  District 
No.  6,  A.A.R.N.,  Dr.  C.  D.  Husband,  of 
Red  Deer,  gave  an  interesting  and  instruc- 
tive talk  on  the  newer  developments  in  local 
anaesthesia,  with  special  reference  to  the 
use  of  local  anaesthetics  in  the  practice  of 
utiitistrv. 


BRITISH  COLUMBIA 

Trail  : 

Miss  Marjorie  Fletcher  was  elected  chair- 
man for  the  third  consecutive  year  when  the 
Trail  Registered  Nurses  Association  held 
its  annual  meeting  recently  with  60  nurses 
present.  Miss  Vera  B.  Eidt,  superintendent 
of  Kootenay  Lake  General  Hospital  in  Nel- 
son and  chairman  of  the  West  Kootenay  Dis- 
trict Nurses  Association,  was  the  guest 
speaker.  She  gave  a  short  review  of  the  his- 
tory of  the  International  Council  of  Nurses, 
the  Provincial  Nurses  Association,  and  the 
West  Kootenay  chapters.  Miss  Eidt  said 
that  it  was  felt  that  the  organization  of  a 
West  Kootenay  district  association  with  its 
chapters  had  encouraged  co-operation  be- 
tween the  nurses  and  this  had  made  for  a 
firmer  foundation  with  a  better  feeling  of 
fellowship. 

The  next  West  Kootenay  district  meeting 
will  be  held  in  Trail  in  February  or  March 
when  delegates  will  meet  from  Rossland, 
Trail,  Nelson  and  Nakusp-New  Denver.  The 
question  of  sending  a  delegate  to  the  biennial 
meetings  of  the  Canadian  Registered  Nurses 
Association  in  Montreal  will  be  discussed 
a4  the  district  meeting. 

Th*;  following  were  elected  to  office  dur- 
ing the  coming  year :  President,  Miss  Mar- 
jory Fletcher;  vice-president.  Miss  Edythe 
Crosson ;  secretary.  Miss  Phyllis  Slader ; 
treasurer.  Miss  Eileen  Somerville;  corres- 
pondent to  The  Canadian  Nttrsc.  Miss  Joyce 
Greenwood. 


$200  has  been  realized  from  the  various 
groups  for  the  British  Nurses  Relief  Fund. 
The  Downtown  Section  were  in  charge  of 
the  meeting,  and  Miss  M.  Gemmell  intro- 
ducted  Dr.  H.  S.  Sharpe  who  outlined  the 
general  principles  of  A.R.P.  Work.  Miss  D. 
Robinson  voiced  appreciation  to  Dr.  .Sharpe, 
and  a  social  hour  followed. 

The  Brandon  Graduate  Nurses  Associa- 
tion recently  met  with  the  president  in  the 
chair.  During  the  reports  from  the  various 
groups,  Mrs.  S.  J.  S.  Pierce  revealed  that 
101  utility  bags  had  been  sent  to  air  raid 
shelters  in  Britain.  The  guest  speaker  was 
Miss  Mary  Adams,  of  the  Y.W.C.A.,  who 
was  introduced  by  Mi.ss  Blanche  Brigham. 
Miss  Adams  gave  a  vivid  description  of  her 
experiences  in  Britain  during  the  first  ten 
months  of  war.  Miss  Agnes  Crighton 
thanked  the  speaker  and  a  social  hour  fol- 
lowed. Thirty-one  were  in  attendance.  The 
married  nurses  section  of  our  association 
recently  sponsored  a  successful  dance  in  aid 
of  war  work. 


St.  Boniface: 

Si.  Boniface  Hospital: 

Miss  Irene  Millar  (1936)  left  Canada 
recently  for  military  service  overseas.  Miss 
J.  Parenteau  (1929)  is  at  the  Modesta  Hos- 
pital, California.  Miss  Nancy  Woznesensky 
(1941)  is  attending  the  University  of  Min 
nesota  to  obtain  a  Bachelor  of  Science  de- 
gree in  nursing  education.  Miss  Frances 
Brennan  (1940)  and  Miss  Audrey  Arm- 
strong (1941)  have  been  employed  as 
stewardesses  with  the  T.C.A.  Miss  Mary 
Fitzpatrick  (1916)  is  doing  general  duty 
at  the  Mountain  Sanatorium,  Hamilton.  Miss 
K.  McKinnon  ( 1938)  expects  to  leave  short- 
ly for  military  service  in  South  Africa, 
iliss  Jeanette  Parent  (1941)  is  taking  a 
course  in  public  health  nursing  at  the  McGill 
School    for    Graduate    Nurses. 

The  following  marriages  have  recentlv 
taken  place:  C.  Crittenden  (1938)  to  Wm. 
Young;  L.  Reimer  (1941)  to  Ernest  Friesen. 


MANITOBA 

Brandon : 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Brandon  Grad- 
uate Nurses  Association  the  president.  Mrs. 
S.  Perdue,  was  in  the  chair.   Approximately 


NEW  BRUNSWICK 

Saint  John: 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  Saint  John 
Chapter,  N.B.A.R.N.  was  held  recently  when 
the    following   officers   were    elected:    Pres- 


MARCH.   1942 


197 


198 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


ident,  Miss  Lois  Smith ;  first  vice-president, 
Miss  Louise  Bartsch ;  second  vice-president, 
Miss  Jrielen  Cahill;  secretary,  Miss  Marjorie 
Harding ;  assistant  secretary,  Miss  Florence 
Daly ;  treasurer,  Miss  Marjorie  Weir. 

The  following  nurses  from  Saint  John  re- 
cently left  for  South  Africa :  Miss  Alice 
Carney,  supervisor  from  Saint  John  General 
Hospital ;  Miss  Marion  McGowan,  assistant 
superintendent  of  nurses,  Provincial  Hospi- 
tal ;  Miss  Frances  Munro  and  Miss  Mar- 
garet McAUenan,  supervisors  from  Provin- 
cial Hospital.  The  following  nurses  have 
joined  the  Nursing  Service  of  the  R.C.A. 
M.C. :  Miss  Helen  K.  Stuart,  supervisor 
from  the  Saint  John  General  Hospital ;  Miss 
Miriam  Foley  and  Miss  Edith  Biggs,  of  the 
general  duty  staff,  Saint  John  General  Hos- 
pital. 

Miss  A.  Hickey  has  joined  the  staff  of 
the  Saint  John  General  Hospital  as  super- 
visor of  the  medical  ward. 
The  following  marriages  of  Saint  JohnGen- 
eral  Hospital  graduates  have  recently  taken 
place:  Miss  Lena  Mae  William  (1930)  to 
Mr.  Allan  Copp;  Miss  Marion  Christie 
(1936)  to  Mr.  James  W.  Brittain;  Miss  Hen- 
rietta Redmore  (1933)  to  Sub-Lieut.  Horace 
Denyer;  Miss  Marjorie  Cunningham  (1935) 
to  Staff  Sgt.  Gerald  Shea;  Miss  Evelyn 
Fieridel   (1941)   to  Lieut.  Louis  Ourick. 

St.  Stephen: 

Miss  Myrtle  Dunbar,  vice-president,  re- 
cently presided  over  a  well  attended  meeting 
of  the  St.  Stephen  Chapter,  N.B.A.R.N.  Dr. 
N.  E.  Cobb,  of  Calais,  Maine,  gave  an  in- 
teresting talk  on  the  "Sulfa"  drugs.  Follow- 
ing the  business  meeting,  Dr.  and  Mrs.  W. 
H.  Bunker  showed  their  colored  films  of 
their  recent  trip  to  the  West  Indies.  A 
social  hour  followed. 

A  well  attended  Beano  party  was  held  by 
the  local  chapter  in  aid  of  the  British  Nurses 
Relief  Fund.  A  fish  pond,  in  charge  of 
Miss  Adolphine  Vanheddegem,  was  well  pa- 
tronized. The  party  netted  $50  which  will 
be  donated  to  the  Fund,  Miss  Aldana  Le- 
land  was  general  convener.  Miss  Reta  E. 
Follis  attended  the  council  meeting  of  the 
N.B.A.R.N.  which  was  held  recently  in 
Moncton. 

The  following  marriages  have  recentl} 
taken  place:  Helen  K.  Jones  (C.M.H.,  1938) 
to  Joseph  Buvolic;  Marian  Mersereau  (C 
H.M..  1940)  to  Stephen  Moshier. 


NOVA  SCOTIA 


Miss  Marjorie  Jenkins,  president  of  the 
Registered  Nurses  Association  of  Nova 
Scotia.  It  was  also  announced  that  a  nurses 
Official  Directory  has  been  organized  which 
will  be  sponsored  by  the  Halifax  Branch 
of  the  Registered  Nurses  Association  of 
Nova  Scotia  and  will  include  all  registered 
nurses  available   for  private  duty  nursing. 

A  need  has  long  been  felt  for  such  a 
service  where  the  public  will  be  able  to  call 
at  any  time  during  the  day  or  night  and  get 
in  touch  with  a  trained  nurse.  Announce- 
ments are  being  sent  to  the  hospitals,  doc- 
tors, and  superintendents  for  their  own 
reference. 

The  Association  is  assuming  this  respon- 
sibility in  Halifax  because  of  the  urgent 
need  in  this  city  of  a  qualified  nursing  serv- 
ice available  to  the  public.  Only  nurses  hold- 
ing the  registered  nurse  certificate  will  be 
listed  for  service.  The  hospitals  have  here- 
tofore mairrtained  a  similar  service  but  the 
new  directory  will  include  nurses  who  gradu- 
ated from  various  hospitals  and  those  who 
have  recently  come  to  Halifax  from  another 
province  or  district  in  Nova  Scotia,  and 
have  registered. 

The  director  will  be  Mrs.  E.  Haliburton 
and  it  will  be  located  in  her  home,  310 
Jubilee  Road.  The  business  telephone  num- 
ber is  B  6469  and  calls  will  be  answered 
either  day  or  night  and  at  any  hour.  Al- 
though at  present  the  directory  only  in- 
cludes private  duty  nurses  it  is  hoped  to 
enlarge  it  and  to  include  nurses  of  all  types. 

Kentville: 

At  a  well-attended  meeting  of  the  Valley 
Branch.  R. N.A.N. S..  which  was  held  re- 
cently, the  library  committee  gave  a  short 
review  of  the  book,  "This  Above  All",  by 
Eric  Knight,  which  has  been  purchased 
bv  the  librarv. 


Halif.a.x: 

.\t  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Halifax  Branch 
important  news  from  National  and  Provin- 
cial   Executive    meetings    was    discussed    by 


ONTARIO 

DlSIRICT     1 

Sarnia: 

Sarnia  General  Hosfttal: 

The  Alumnae  Association  of  the  S.G.H. 
recently  held  a  refresher  course  at  the  hos- 
pital with  a  good  attendance.  The  program 
included  demonstrations  of  the  Wangensteen 
suction,  by  Mrs.  Elrick ;  post  operative  care 
of  duodenal  ulcers,  by  Miss  O'Malley.  Lec- 
tures were  given  as  follows :  treatments  of 
eye,  ear,  nose  and  throat,  by  Dr.  Hijnt; 
infant  feeding,  by  Dr.  Jackson ;  endocrino- 
logy, by  Dr.  Borrowman ;  diabetes,  by  Dr. 
W.  Carruthers. 

The  graduate  nurses  held  bridge  parties 
in  various  homes  in  aid  of  the  British  Nurses 


Vol.  38  No.  5 


After  -  A  HARD  WINTER 


This  elixir  of  glycocoU — the  simplest  of 
all  amino  acids — exerts  an  appreciable 
efifect  on  the  retention  of  creatine  which 
plays  a  part  in  muscle  metabolism.  Better 
appetite,  a  higher  level  of  general  health 
and  well  being  have  been  reported  fol- 
lowing its  use. 
Dose:  Adults— 1  or  2  Tablespoonfuls  t.i.d. 


^OMpoUNP 
^V  0  Syrnp  with  I'"'         , 


^^r  Coftmlesceftts 

and  the  Undernourished 
NAVITOL  MALT 

COMPOUND 

A  palatable  dietary  supplement  providing  vita- 
mins A,  B,  D  and  B  Complex  with  dicalcium 
phosphate  and  liver  extract. 

Dose:       Adults     — 1  -  2  tablespoonfuls  daily. 
Children — 1  -  3  teaspoonfuls. 

For  literature,  write  36  Caledonia  Road,  Toronto 


ER:Sqjjibb&.Sons  OF  Canada. Ltd. 

MANUFACTURING     CHEMISTS     TO     THE     MEDICAL     PROFESSION     SINCE    1858 


MARCH.  1942 


1M 


200 


THE   C  A  N  A  D  I  A  N    N  U  R  S  E 


WANTED 

An  Operating  Room  Supervisor  is  wanted  immediately  for  an  8U-bed 
General  Hospital  in  Cornwall,  Ontario.  The  applicant  must  have  had  a  post- 
graduate course  in  surgery,  be  a  good  organizer,  and  capable  of  teaching 
student  nurses.  Apply  to: 

The  Superintendent,   Cornwall  General  Hospital,   Cornwall,  Ont. 


Relief  Fund.  Miss  Shaw  and  Miss  Siegrist 
received  the  guests  at  the  hospital  for  tea. 
Miss  Thompson,  Miss  Stirret,  Mrs.  Walker 
and  Mrs.  Carruthers  presided  with  graduate 
nurses  assisting. 

The  following  marriages  have  recently 
taken  place:  Miss  Helen  Robbins  (1938)  to 
Mr.  M.  Fleming,  R.C.A.F. ;  Miss  Irene  Dun- 
ford    (1941)    to  Mr.   S.   Brock. 

London: 

St.  Josefh^s  Hosfital: 

Misses  Hilda  Dietrich  and  Jean  Mc- 
Dougall,  of  St.  Joseph's  Hospital  Alumnae 
Association,  recently  left  for  South  Africa, 
and  were  presented  with  leather  writing  kits 
by  their  Alumnae  Association. 

Chatham: 

Married :  Recently,  Miss  Jean  M.  Culling- 
ham  (Chatham  Public  General  Hospital)  to 
Airman  Don  E.  Lindsav. 


Districts  2  and  3 
Stratford: 

Stratford  General  Hosfital'. 

A  social  afternoon  was  held  recently  for 
the  Alumnae  Association  of  the  Stratford 
General  Hospital  when  Aliss  A.  M.  Munn, 
of  Toronto,  was  the  honoured  guest.  At  a 
regular  meeting  of  the  Alumnae  Association 
held  recently,  Dr.  T.  R.  Nichols,  as  guest 
speaker,  gave  an  interesting  address  on 
anaesthesia.  A  group  of  talks,  which  should 
prove  interesting,  have  been  arranged  for 
the  winter  months  for  the  members  of  the 
Alumnae  Association. 

Miss  L.  M.  Wilks  (S.G.H.),  who  for 
the  past  13  years  has  served  on  the  staff 
of  the  S.G.H.  as  supervisor,  has  been  called 
for  military  service.  Miss  Jean  Bell  (S.G.H.) 
and  Miss  Bessie  Williams  (S-.G.H.)  have 
completed  postgraduate  courses  in  obstetrics 
at  the  Royal  Victoria  Hospital,  Montreal. 
Miss  Bell  has  accepted  a  position  at  the 
Brantford  General  Hospital  as  assistant 
obstetrical  supervisor  and  Miss  Williams  has 
been  appointed  obstetrical  supervisor  in  the 
S.G.H..    replacing   Miss    Wilks. 


.\t  a  regular  meeting  of  the  Alumnae  As- 
sociation held  recently.  Dr.  D.  Smith,  of 
Stratford,  spoke  an  the  life  and  writings  of 
Robert  Burns. 

Kitchener: 

The  Alumnae  Association  of  the  Kitchener 
and  Waterloo  Hospital  has  contributed 
$115.75  to  the  British  Nurses  Relief  Fund. 
VV'ord  has  been  received  that  Nursing  Sister 
Helen  Peer  has  arrived  safely  in  South 
Africa. 

Married:  Recently,  Miss  D.  Baker  (1940) 
to  Mr.  R.  Ruppel. 


District  4 


Hamilton  : 

The  annual  meeting  of  District  4,  R.N. 
A.O.,  was  held  recently  at  the  Hamilton 
General  Hospital.  Miss  Mary  Buchanan,  of 
Niagara  Falls,  was  elected  chairman  for  the 
coming  year.  The  meeting  was  well  at- 
tended by  members  from  Hamilton,  St. 
Catharines.  Niagara  Falls,  and  Welland. 

Nursing  .Sister  Hazel  E.  Tilling,  formerly 
of  the  Hamilton  General  Hospital  staff,  is 
now  serving  with  the  Royal  Canadian  Navy. 

Married :  Reccnth-,  Miss  Stella  Paikin  to 
Mr.  Wa.Kman. 

Welland: 

Married :  Recently,  Miss  J.  Beverly  Rolph 
to  Lieut.  George  Street. 


District  5 


Toronto ; 


A  special  meeting  of  District  5,  R.N.A.O., 
was  held  recently  at  St.  Michael's  Hospital, 
Toronto,  the  occasion  being  the  visit  to  out 
District  of  Miss  Ethel  Johns,  editor  and 
business  manager  of  the  Journal.  All  busi- 
ness was  dispensed  with,  the  time  being  de- 
voted to  Tlic  Canadian  Nurse  program  which 
took  the  form  of  "Information  Please",  a 
broadcast  over  station  C.N. A.  (Canadian 
Nurses  Association)  with  Miss  Sewell  of 
the     Toronto    Gcnernl     Hospital     acting    as 


Vol.  38  No.  } 


N  E  W   NOTES 


201 


Master  of  Ceremonies.  We  were  very  for- 
tunate in  liaving  at  our  meeting  Dr.  Helen 
McMurchy,  O.B.E.,  the  first  editor,  and 
Miss  Cliristie,  the  first  business  manager  of 
the  Journal.  Miss  Elsie  Hickey,  chief  nurse 
warden,  briefly  explained  the  setup  of 
Civilian  Defence,  Medical  Division,  and 
urged  all  nurses  to  register  for  same  during 
the  coming  week.  The  approximate  at- 
tendance was  two  hundred. 

A  meeting  of  second  and  third  year  nurses 
of  the  Schools  of  Nursing  of  District  5  was 
held  recently  under  the  auspices  of  the  Inter- 
School  Association.  Miss  Ethel  Johns, 
editor  and  lousiness  manager  of  The  Cana- 
dian Nurse,  was  the  guest  speaker.  This 
meeting  which  was  very  stimulating,  in- 
teresting and  informative,  was  very  well  at- 
tended. Eollowing  the  meeting  a  reception 
was  held,  the  Inter-School  group  being 
hostesses. 

JVom-en's  College  Hospital: 

We  recently  celebrated  our  twenty- first 
birthday  with  Miss  H.  T.  Meiklejohn,  super- 
intendent of  tlie  hospital,  and  Mrs.  H.  M. 
Bowman,  founder  of  the  organization,  among 
the  honoured  guests.  The  proceeds  of  a 
bridge,  amounting  to  $150,  was  applied  to 
the  British  War  Victims  Fund.  The  value  of 
our  scholarship  was  increased  one  hundred 
percent,  and  $50  was  donated  to  the  hospital. 
.\  number  of  ditty  bags  were  filled  and  all 
donated  to  the  Navy  League. 

We  had  an  out-of-town  members  nig'nt 
when  letters  were  read  from  many  of  the 
early  graduates  of  our  hospital.  Miss  Chan, 
the  first  Chinese  nurse  to  graduate  in  To- 
ronto, contributed  with  a  most  interesting 
resume  of  her  activities  in  war-torn  China 
where  she  is  superintendent  of  a  hospital 
and  has  adopted  Chinese  war  orphans. 

During  the  year  we  had  a  very  interesting 
program  of  lectures.  ^liss  Ray  field,  the  h>< 
pital  pharmacist,  gave  an  instructive  lecture 
on  new  drugs.  Aliss  Freda  Held,  of  the 
Children's  Aid,  spoke  on  the  reception  and 
accommodation  of  war  guests.  Lieut.  K. 
Gythfeldt,  of  the  Royal  Norwegian  Xaval 
.Air  Force,  was  guest  speaker  at  our  annual 
dinner  held  in  honour  of  the  graduating  class. 
He  vividly  portrayed  the  invasion  of  Nor- 
way, not  always  dwelling  on  the  tragic  side. 
but  with  his  inimitable  wit  depicting  the 
humourous  incidents.  Mrs.  W.  Strange's  des- 
cription of  the  work  of  the  Navy  League 
and  her  appeal  for  helpers  was  another  in- 
formative discourse.  Miss  McCorquodale's 
lecture,  "A  Nurse  looks  at  Radiology"  was 
also  very  instructive. 

Three  of  our  nurses  are  on  active  service 
overseas  —  Miss  Dorothy  Macken  (1932), 
Miss  Ethel  McKenzie  (1932),  and  Miss  Iw 
Acworth  (1938).  Many  others  are  on  duty 
in  various   stations  in  the  province. 


"OH,  PALMOLIVE  — 
MY  FAVOURITE  SOAP!   I'M  SO 
GLAD  YOU  USE  IT  HERE  TOO!" 


■^ 


Nurses  and  Patients  Agree: 

PALMOLIVE 

makes  bathing  more  pleasant 

Nurses  know  how  beneficial  Olive  and 
Palm  Oils  are  to  sensitive  skin.  That's 
why,  when  it  comes  to  soaps,  they 
choose  Palmolive,  the  only  leading 
toilet  soap  made  with  the  eostliest 
blend  of  soothing  Olive  and  Palm  Oils 
—  Nature's  finest  skin  conditioners. 
Palmolive  is  a  purely  vegetable  soap 
...  no  animal  fats  ...  no  artificial 
colouring  ...  no  bleaches  that  some- 
times irritate  sensitive  skin.  Palmolive 
is  as  pure  as  a  soap  can  be ! 


PALMOLIVE 

is  one 
of  the 
"little 
things" 
patients 
call 
important! 


More  patients  use  Palmolive  at  home 
than   any  other  leading   beauty  soap! 


MARCH,   1942 


202 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


WellesLey  Hosfital: 

At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Alumnae 
Association  of  Wellesley  Hospital  the  fol- 
lowing officers  were  elected :  Honourary 
president,  Miss  Elsie  K.  Jones,  superintend- 
ent of  nurses;  president.  Miss  Jean  Harris; 
first  vice-president.  Miss  Mary  Stanton ; 
second  vice-president,  Miss  Mary  Johnston ; 
corresponding  secretary,  Miss  Margaret  Rus- 
sell ;  assistant  corresponding  secretary,  Miss 
Agnes  MacLean ;  recording  secretary,  Miss 
Gretchen  Schwindt ;  assistant  recording  sec- 
retary, Miss  Elsie  Turner ;  treasurer,  Miss 
Jean  Brown;  treasurer  for  Sick  Fund,  Miss 
Doris  Good;  custodian.  Miss  Dorothy  Fatt ; 
auditors:  Miss  M.  Ferguson,  Mrs.  G.  Gundy; 
general  committee :  Miss  Edith  Cowan, 
treasurer  for  Elizabeth  Flaws  Memorial 
Fund,  Misses  J.  Hayden,  Betty  Calvert,  Jean 
Laird,  Hermione  Wark,  Grace  Bolton,  Mrs. 
Reeve. 

Encouraging  reports  of  the  year's  work 
were  given  as  follows :  Miss  Edith  Cowan — 
Wellesley  Hospital  Alumnae  Auxiliary  has 
sent  1347  articles  to  the  Red  Cross,  455 
articles  for  refugees,  and  has  made  5333 
dressings ;  Miss  Grace  Bolton — 371  knitted 
articles  were  sent  to  Canadian  and  British 
sailors ;  Miss  Jean  Harris — 322  knitted  ar_ 
tides  were  sent  to  the  Red  Cross ;  Miss 
Mary  Stanton — 250  pounds  of  clothing  were 
sent  to  evacuee  children  in  England.  It  was 
decided  to  have  a  series  of  progressive  teas 
in  aid  of  war  work. 

Identification  bracelets  were  presented  to 
Miss  Jane  Whyte,  the  first  Wellesley  nurse 
to  serve  with  the  R.C.N.V.R.,  and  to  Miss 
Agnes  McElheran  who  will  serve  in  South 
Africa.  An  honourary  life  membership  in 
the  Alumnae  Association  was  presented  to 
Miss  Edith  Cowan  by  Miss  Helen  Car- 
ruthcrs.  Miss  Jean  Brown  presented  a 
travelling  clock  to  Miss  Grace  Bolton,  the 
retiring  president,  in  appreciation  of  services 
during  the  past  two  years.  Miss  Elsie  K. 
Jones  spoke  on  A.R.P.  and  defence  work  in 
hospitals.   A   social  hour   followed. 

St.  Jnl.n^s  Hosfital: 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  Alumnae  As- 
sociation of  St.  John's  Hospital  was  held 
recently  when  the  members  met  at  dinner, 
joined  by  the  Nursing  Sisters.  Everyone 
attended  vespers  in  Chapel,  and  later  the 
business  meeting  was  held.  Sister  Beatrice 
told  of  new  developments  in  convalescent 
care,  and  of  the  A.R.P.  and  first  aid  lec- 
Vures  which  the  staff  has  taken.  The  list 
of  knitted  garments,  made  by  the  Alumnae 
Association,  was  read,  and  more  wool  was 
distributed.  Boxes  have  been  packed  and 
sent  to  our  members  who  are  on  active  serv- 
ice, and  contributions  were  received  for 
the    British    Nurses    Relief    Fund. 

Married :  Recently.  Mossie  Draper  to  John 
Everett. 


District  8 


Ottawa  : 


St.  Luke*s  Hosfital: 

The  annual  report  of  St.  Luke's  Hos- 
pital Alumnae  Association  revealed  the  fol- 
lowing :  Our  annual  dinner  was  held  when 
50  nurses  were  in  attendance.  A  tea  was 
held  at  the  home  of  Mrs.  J.  Hall  when  $100 
was  raised  in  aid  of  the  British  Nurses  Re- 
lief Fund.  Twenty-five  dollars  had  al- 
ready been  donated  to  this  fund.  A  raffle, 
on  needlepoint  made  by  Miss  Norma  Lewis, 
yielded  $60.  In  June,  our  meeting  took  the 
form  of  a  picnic  at  the  country  home  of 
Miss   Peg  Heron. 


PRINCE  EDWARD  ISLAND 

Summerside: 

Pritice  County  Hosfital: 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Prince  County 
Hospital  Graduate  Nurses  Refugee  Club  a 
letter  of  appreciation  from  the  Summerside 
Branch  of  the  Red  Cross  was  read  thanking 
the  Club  for  its  contribution  of  sewing, 
knitting,  and  blankets.  Proceeds  from  a 
recent  dance,  sponsored  by  the  Alumnae 
Association  of  Prince  County  Hospital,  will 
be  divided  between  the  Alumnae  Association 
and  the  Graduate  Nurses  Refugee  Club 
®f  P.C.H. 

Miss  Adricc  Campbell  (1938)  has  ac- 
cepted a  position  at  the  King  Edward  VII 
Memorial  Hospital,  Bermuda.  Miss  Mar- 
jorie  Bryenton  (1941)  left  recently  for  the 
Laurentian  Sanatorium,  Ste.  Agathe,  where 
she  will  do  postgraduate  work.  Miss  Norma 
Craig  (1940)  has  completed  a  postgiaduate 
course  at  the  Children's  Memorial  Hospital. 
Montreal,  and  has  accepted  a  position  on  the 
staff  of  that  hospital.  Miss  Pauline  Call- 
beck  (1940)  recently  accepted  a  position  as 
general  supervisor  of  the  P.C.H.  Miss  Pau- 
line Hiltz  (1940)  has  completed  an  "extra 
experience"  course  in  surgery  at  the  Mont- 
real General  Hospital,  and  has  now  returned 
to  the  P.C.H.  as  operating  room  supervisor. 

The  following  marriages  have  recently 
taken  place:  Irene  Champion  (1935)  to 
Victor  Isaac;  Ena  Webster  (1941)  to  Pte. 
William  Mills;  Enid  Lewis  (1937)  to  Clay- 
ton  Thomas. 


Montreal: 


QUEBEC 


Montreal  General  Hosfital: 

Miss  Ellen  Reid  (1930)  has  resigned  her 
position  as  supervisor  of  health  service  in 
the  training  school  and  has  been  succeeded 
by  Miss  Miriam  Mercer  (1926).    Miss  Mer- 


Vol.  38  No.  3 


NEW  NOTES 


203 


cer  was  formerly  on  the  staff  of  the  Verdun 
Branch  of  the  V.O.N.  Miss  Peggy  Moss 
(1935)  who  has  I)een  nursing  in  a  military 
hospital  in  England  has  joined  the  staff 
of  Xo.  14  Canadian  General  Hospital  as  a 
Nursing  Sister.  Miss  Anne  Fleming  (1939) 
has  been  appointed  as  stewardess  with  the 
Trans-Canada  Air  Lines.  Miss  Janet  Mac- 
Donald  (1940),  Nursing  Sister  with  the 
R.C.A.F.,  has  been  transferred  from  Up- 
lands. Ontario,  to  Moncton,  N.B.  Miss  E. 
Starkey  (1941)  is  a  member  of  the  oper- 
ating room  staff  in  the  Hospital  for  Sick 
Children.  Toronto.  Miss  Mary  Clark  (1941) 
has  been  appointed  to  the  night  staff  of  the 
Central  Division.  Miss  Lorna  EUard  (1941) 
and  Miss  Florence  Buffett  (1942)  have 
been  appointed  to  the  staff  of  the  Central 
Division.  Miss  Dorothy  Burgess  (1941)  and 
the  Misses  Shirley  Laughlin,  Eileen  In- 
gram. Edythe  Moore,  Rosamund  Wilson, 
Katherine  Miller,  and  Marcia  Beek  are  doing 
general    duty    at    the    Western    Division. 

Royal  Victoria  Hosfital: 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Alumnae  As- 
sociation of  the  Royal  Victoria  Hospital 
Mr.  Christopher  Ellis  gave  an  interesting 
talk  on  books  of  the  day.  The  Meredith 
residence,  which  through  the  generosity  of 
Lady  Meredith  has  been  presented  to  the 
Hospital  for  an  annex  to  the  nurses'  home, 
was  recently  open  for  inspection.  Miss  F. 
Munroe  and  the  nurses  living  there  were 
at  home  to  the  medical  staff,  their  wives, 
and  friends  of  the  Hospital  and  School 
of  Nursing.  The  residence  will  accommodate 
26. 

Misses  Arendt,  Cummings,  Short,  and 
Inch  (1941)  are  taking  the  course  of  lec- 
tures in  ward  teaching  and  supervision  at 
the  McGill  School  for  Graduate  Nurses. 
Miss  Beatrice  Allen  (1939)  is  instructor  at 
the   Kenora   General    Hospital,    Ontario. 

The  following  marriages  have  recently 
taken  place:  Muriel  Donahue  (1940)  to 
Flying  Officer  Melvin  Giles;  Mary  Mar- 
guerite Miles  (1941)  to  Gilbert  Fauquier: 
Mary  Evelyn  Hutchinson  (1936)  to  Dr. 
Munroe  Marshall   Kissane. 

Homoeofathtc  Hospital : 

At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Alumnae  As- 
sociation the  following  officers  were  elected  : 
honourary  president.  Miss  Vera  Graham : 
president,  Miss  N.  Gage ;  first  vice-president, 
Miss  Jessie  Morris ;  second  vice-president, 
Mrs.  R.  Johnson ;  secretary,  Miss  Marion 
Stewart;  assistant  secretary.  Miss  J.  Dar- 
ragh;  treasurer,  Mrs.  E.  Warren;  assistant 
treasurer.  Miss  I.  Garrick ;  committee  con- 
veners;  sick  benefit.  Mrs.  Warren;  visiting. 
Miss  D.  Campbell,  Miss  M.  Currie;  refresh- 
ment.  Miss   E.    Perron ;    program,    Miss    A. 


HEN  your  patients 
gag  at  plain  milk,  mix 
"lUNKET"  RENNET 
POWDER  in  lukewarm 
milk  and  let  it  set  for  ten 
minutes.  You  will  then  have 
a  light  delicious  rennet- 
custard  such  as  the  most 
delicate  patient  can  take 
without  difficulty. 
The  nourishment  of  the 
milk  is  enhanced  by  the 
rennet  enzyme,  which  helps 
digestion. 

Si.K  flavours,  vanilla,  cho- 
colate, lemon,  orange,  rasp- 
berry and  maple,  give 
piquant  variety. 
"Junket"  Rennef  Powder 
"Junket"    Rennet    Tablets 

(Note:  the  Tablets  are  not 
flavoured.  Add  sugar  or  fla- 
vouring to  suit  patient's 
taste.) 

Order  from 

"THE  'JUNKET'  FOLKS" 

Chr.  Hansen's  Laboratory 
833   King  St.  West     -     Toronto,  Ont. 


Junket' 

ttKKlTVoWtW 


^    for  making    , 

"•NILLA    FLAVO' 


WHITC 


TUBE   CREME 

Preferred  by  Nurses 
for  continued  use  as 
it  cleans  better,  works 
faster,  and  contains 
ingredients  to  pre- 
serve fine  footwear. 
Made  in  Canada  by 
Canadians  specializing 
in  the  manufacture 
of  fine  shoe  dressings. 
Sample  tube  mailed 
to  any  nurse  on  re- 
quest to: 

EVERETT  &   BARRON 

OF   CANADA,  LTD., 

914    Dufferin   St. 

Toronto. 


WU  NOT  RUB  Off 


MARCH.   1942 


204 


J'  H  ]•:    C  A  N  A  D  I  A  N   N  U  R  S  E 


MANUAL    OF    PHARMACOLOGY 

By  Mary  Sewall,  B.S.,  R.N.,  Instructor  in 
Nursing  Education,  San  Joaquin  General 
Hospital,  Stockton,  California.  220  pages, 
illustrated.  Just  issued.  $2.35. 
This  new  book  consists  of  a  basic  frame- 
work of  Pharmacology,  covering  material 
for  both  elementary  and  advanced  Materia 
Medica  courses.  Questions  and  problems  in 
arithmetic  begin  the  study,  then  drugs, 
prescriptions  and  solutions  are  defined  and 
explained.  Essential  information  regarding 
poisons,  poisonous  dosage,  antidotes,  etc., 
is  condensed  and  highlighted.  Review  ques- 
tions   conclude   each   chapter. 

McAinsh  &  Co.  Limil-ed 

Dealers   in    Good   Books  Since   1885 
388   Yongc  St-  Toronto 


The  American  Hospital  Bureau 

1825  Empire  State  Building 
New  York  City 

Offers  to  Hospitals  in  Canada  and  the 
United  States  a  professional  placement 
service  for  Hospital  and  Nursing  School 
Administrators,  Instructors,  Supervisors, 
Anaesthetists,  Dietitians,  Technicians,  and 
General  Duty  Nurses.  All  credentials  per- 
sonally verified. 

C.  M.  Powell,  R.  N.,  Director 


THE  CENTRAL 

REGISTRY    OF    GRADUATE 

NURSES,    TORONTO 

Furnish  Nurses 
at  any  hour 
DAY  or  NIGHT 

TELEPHONE     Kmgsdale  2136 

Physicians'      and      Surgeons'      Bldg., 

86    Bloor   Street,   West,    TORONTO 

HELEN   CARRUTHERS,  Reg.  N. 


0 


Cooling,  soothing 
Mentholatum  in- 
stantly relieves  the 
I  stabbingpain.Aiso 
jfor  head  colds, 
[chapping,  burns 
and  bruises.  Jaurs 
and  tubes,  30c. 


MENTHOLATUM 

Ciyes  COMFORT  Daily 


E.  Alacdonald;  general  nursing  section, 
Misses  Grace  Allnutt.  C.  Snasdell-Taylor ; 
representatives  to :  Local  Council  of  Women, 
Misses  M.  Lunny,  M.  Hayden ;  The  Catia- 
diau  Nurse.  Misses  M.  Fox,  P.  M.  Bridgette. 
The  members  have  been  active  in  war  work, 
and  under  the  convenership  of  Miss  M. 
Bright  have  contributed  over  $425  to  the 
Spitfire  Fund;  the  staff  and  general  duty 
nurses  also  contributed  $100  to  the  British 
Nurses  Relief  Fund.  A  scholarship  of  $100 
has  been  offered  for  the  purpose  of  studying 
the  central  supply  room  system.  Arrange- 
ments have  been  made  for  this  work  to  be 
done  in  Toronto,  the  recipient  then  returning 
to  set  up  a  central  supply  room  at  the 
Homoeopathic  Hospital. 

Misses  L.  Findlay  and  M.  Lodge  are  now 
in  England  on  military  nursing  service.  Miss 
Janet  Dunn  is  with  the  Nursing  Sisters  in 
South  Africa.  Miss  Beryl  Rutherford  is  now 
at  an  Elastern  Canadian  port  with  the  Royal 
Canadian  Navy.  Miss  Mina  Sleith  is  with 
the  Royal  Canadian  Air  Force  at  St.  Hubert. 

McGill  School  for  Graduate  Nurses: 

Miss  Ella  Howard  (T.  &  S.,  1938-3Q)  has 
recently  been  appointed  superintendent  of 
nurses  in  the  Saskatoon  Citv  Hospital.  Miss 
K.  McLean  (T.  &  S.,  1941)  is  now  a 
Nursing  Sister  with  the  Regina  Military 
Hospital.  Recent  visitors  at  the  School  were 
Nursing  Sister  Edith  Weston  (T.  &  S., 
1939)  and  Miss  Willa  Ahern  (P.H.N.. 
1936). 


SASKATCHEWAN 


Saskatoon  : 

A  refresher  course  was  sponsored  recent- 
ly by  the  Saskatoon  Registered  Nurses  As- 
sociation for  the  benefit  of  nurses  who  are 
not  engaged  in  the  active  practice  of  their 
profession  but  who  wish  to  keep  abreast  of 
modern  methods.  It  proved  to  be  a  great 
success  and  there  was  a  large  registration. 
Great  interest  was  displayed  in  the  various 
lectures  dealing  with  first  aid,  nutrition,  pre- 
natal care,  infant  feeding,  and  nursing  care 
in  communicable  diseases  such  as  poliomyeli- 
tis, encephalitis  and  tuberculosis.  The  course 
was  held  at  St.  Paul's  Hospital,  Saskatoon, 
and  lasted  a  whole  week.  Miss  Bjarnason, 
a  supervisor  at  the  Saskatoon  City  Hospital, 
was  the  very  efficient  chairman  of  the  ar- 
rangements committee.  The  nurses  who 
registered  for  this  course  have  all  signified 
their  willingness  to  be  called  up  for  service 
in  case  of  emergency. 

Dr.  Arthur  Wilson,  medical  health  officer, 
einphasized  the  importance  of  every  man. 
woman  and  child  being  immunized,  especially 
now  that  war  was  necessitating  mass  move- 
ment of  men.     Dr.  L.  H.   McConnell  spoke 


Vol.  ?8  No.   ? 


NEW   NOTES 


205 


on  head  injuries  and  neuro-surgery.  Other 
doctors  who  took  part  in  the  course  were 
J  F  C  Anderson,  J.  Sewdon,  H.  A.  Mathe- 
son,  E.  Landa.  H.  C.  Boughton,  D.  M.  Balt- 
zan.  Griffith  Binning,  B.  R.  Burwash. 
Among  the  lecturers  were  Miss  E.  James, 
Miss  Bole,  Miss  Beechenor,  Dean  Woods, 
and  Miss  K.  O'Callaghan. 

Miss  Betsv  Beaton  (S.P.H.S.)  recently 
resigned  from  the  Sanatorium  staff  to  take 
up  duties  with  the  military  service  in  South 
Africa.  Miss  M.  G.  Gould  (V.G.H.)  re- 
cently resigned  from  the  nursing  staff  at  the 
Sanatorium  to  join  the  nursing  service  of  the 
R.C.A.M.C. 


Saskatoon  City  Hosfi:al: 

The  following  officers  have  been  elected 
to  serve  during  the  coming  year  by  the 
Alumnae  Association  of  the  Saskatoon  City 
Hospital:  Honourary  President,  Miss  E. 
Howard;  president.  Miss  M.  Chisholm; 
first  vice-president,  Miss  E.  Collins ;  second 
vice-president.  Miss  E.  Grant;  recording 
secretary.  Miss  D.  Bjarnason;  corresponding 
secretary,  Miss  D.  Duff;  treasurer.  Miss  E. 
Graham;  committee  conveners:  ways  and 
means,  Mrs.  C.  Fletcher;  program.  Mrs. 
H.  Atwell;  social,  Mrs.  J.  Gibson;  Red 
Cross,  Mrs.  T.  Binnie;  visiting  and  flower. 
Miss  V.  Bergren;  press.  Miss  M.  Fofonoff. 


Regina: 

Regina  General  Hosfitall 

Miss  Muriel  E.  Thompson  (Winnipeg 
General  Hospital,  1935)  has  been  appointed 
to  the  position  of  assistant  superintendent 
in  the  Regina  General  Hospital.  She  has 
taken  a  postgraduate  course  in  teaching  and 
supervision  at  the  Toronto  University  School 
of  Nursing.  Miss  Muriel  Collins  (Toronto 
General  Hospital.  1939)  has  been  appointed 
to  the  position  of  assistant  operating  room 
supervisor.  She  has  recently  completed  a 
postgraduate  course  in  operating  room  tech- 
nique and  management  at  the  Royal  Vic- 
toria Hespital,  Montreal.  Miss  Anne  Jarvie 
(Royal  Alexandra  Hospital,  Edmonton. 
1939)  has  been  appointed  to  the  position  of 
second  assistant  in  the  operating  room.  Miss 
Jarvie  completed  the  course  in  operating 
room  technique  and  management  at  the 
Royal  Victoria  Hospital,  Montreal,  before 
assuming  her  new  position.  Miss  Margaret 
Miller  (Brantford  General  Hospital,  1940) 
has  been  appointed  to  the  position  of  assistant 
superviser  in  the  obstetrical  department.  Miss 
Miller  recently  completed  a  postgraduate 
course  in  obstetrical  nursing  at  the  Royal 
Victoria    Hospital.    MontreaJ. 


P   E    II   !S   O    rV  i%   L    ! 

for  BABY'S  OWN 


Baby's  Own  Tablets  are  babies'  own  person- 
al laxative  —  their  dosage  carefully  adjusted 
by  extensive  clinical  tests,  to  the  needs  of 
babies'  systems.  These  pleasant,  simple,  tab- 
let triturates  can  be  safely  depended  upon, 
for  the  relief  of  constipation,  the  disturban- 
ces and  simple  fever  often  accompanying 
teething,  upset  stomach  and  other  minor  ills 
so  common  to  babyhood.  They  are  mild  and 
gentle  in  their  action,  are  warranted  free 
from  narcotics  and  opiates,  and  have  esta- 
blished themselves  in  their  forty  years  of  use, 
as  being  thoroughly  trustworthy  and  safe. 


BABY'S  OWN  Tablets 


WANTED 
Two  Floor  Supervisors 

For  a  small  hospital.  The  applicant  must 
have  graduated  within  the  past  ten  years 
from  an  accredited  school,  and  have  had 
practical  institutional  experience.  Splendid 
opening  for  nurses  with  initiative  and  ex- 
ecutive ability.  Apply,  stating  qualifica- 
tions, age,  and  salary   expected,  to: 

Miss    Reta    E.     FoIIis,    Superintendent, 

Chipman   Memorial    Hospital,    St.    Stephen, 

N.B. 


Experienced  Nurses  Know 

ST^DMANlS 


yrom     ^ — 
Jecthiny  tcJcens 


POWDERS 


They  know  this  safe  and  gentle  aperient  is 
ideal  for  infants  and  children,  to  relieve 
constipation,  colic  and  feverishness  and 
keep  the  little  system  regular.  Steedman's 
Powders  can  be  used  with  perfect  con- 
fidence. Our  "Hints  to  Mothers"  booklet 
deals  sensibly  with  baby's  little  ailments — 
for  copies  and  samples  of  Steedman's 
Powders  write:  JOHN  STEEDMAN  &  CO., 
Dept.    10,   442   St.   Gabriel   St.,   MONTREAL. 


MARCH,  1942 


.    .    .    OFF  .    .    .    DUTY  .    .    . 

Not  long  ago  .  .  .  we  had  to  pay  a  flying  visit  to  the  United  States  .  .  . 
on  official  business,  of  course  .  .  .  and  had  quite  a  time  getting  over  the 
border  . . .  First  we  had  to  be  finger-printed  .  . .  a  messy  business  .  .  .  but 
attended  by  results  far  less  devastating  .  .  .  from  an  aesthetic  point  of 
view  .  .  .  than  taking  our  passport  photographs  .  .  .  We  shuddered  with 
apprehension  ivhen  tve  presented  these  grisly  proofs  of  identity  to  the 
immigration  officer  .  .  .  and  were  immensely  relieved  when  he  decided 
to  let  us  come  into  the  country  in  spite  of  them.  .  .  .  It  was  everting  when 
ive  got  to  New  York  .  .  .  and  all  the  lights  were  blazing  in  the  tall  office 
buildings  .  .  .  No  black-out,  yet  .  .  .  but  in  our  hotel  room  there  was  a 
rather  sinister  little  card  .  .  .  telling  us  what  to  do  in  case  of  an  air  raid 
.  .  .  and  everywhere  ive  looked  Mayor  Fiorello  La  Guardia  had  put  up 
posters  .  .  .  entreating  us  to  keep  caXm  .  .  .  and,  above  all,  please  not  to 
shout  .  .  .  So  we  went  to  bed  .  .  .  quietly  determined  to  be  worthy  of  our 
British  ancestry  . . .  and  certainly  to  refrain  from  any  unnecessary  shout- 
ing .  .  .  All  day  long  .  .  .  we  were  cribbed,  cabined  and  confined  in  meet- 
ings .  .  .  but  early  the  next  morning  we  stole  away  quietly  .  .  .  before  our 
colleagues  were  aivake  .  .  .  dashed  into  the  subway  and  emerged  at  the 
tip  of  the  Island  of  Manhattan  .  .  .  Here  ive  just  caught  a  big  ferry  boat 
called  the  "American  Legion"  .  .  .  and  set  sail  for  Staten  Island  .  .  .  re- 
turn fare,  ten  cents. . .  It  was  a  brisk  winter  morning  .  . .  and  the  harbour 
was  as  blue  as  the  sky  .  .  .  We  saw  a  tramp  steamer  flying  the  Turkish 
flag  .  .  .  and  a  great  many  gray  hulls  with  long  guns  fore  and  aft  .  .  . 
rounding  up  a  flock  of  iveather-beaten  tankers  . .  .  Over  them  towered  the 
Statue  of  Liberty  .  .  .  holding  her  torch  as  high  as  ever  ...  a  noble  and 
heartening  sight  .  .  .  The  breath-taking  beauty  of  the  New  York  skyline 
revealed  itself  as  ive  dreiv  away  from  it  .  .  .  and  in  our  wake  the  seagidls 
swooped  and  screamed  .  .  .  fighting  each  other  for  their  food  .  .  .  As  we 
stood  watching  them  .  .  .  we  noticed  two  pigeons  sedately  perched  on 
the  rail  at  the  stern  .  .  .  Their  round  topaz  eyes  gazed  at  us  expectantly 
. . .  but,  alas,  we  had  not  known  they  were  going  to  be  there  .  .  .  and  had 
come  empty-handed  .  .  .  However,  they  did  not  seem  unduly  disturbed  . .  .. 
but  sat  there  preening  themselves  in  the  ivintry  sunlight . .  .  They  had  an 
air  of  leisure  and  detachm^ent .  .  .  of  taking  things  as  they  found  them  . . . 
and  not  too  seriously  at  that .  .  .  For  some  strange  reason  it  was  comfort- 
ing to  look  at  thein  .  .  .  They  did  not  have  any  qualms  of  conscience  be- 
cause they  had  stolen  a  few  minutes  from  making  plans  and  framing  re- 
solutions .  .  .  They  seemed  to  feel  that,  on  a  sparkling  winter  mourning,  it 
was  good  to  be  alive  .  .  .  to  look  at  the  sea  and  the  sky  .  .  .  to  smell  the 
salt  air  .  .  .  and  to  be  aboard  the  ferry  boat  "American  Legion"  .  .  .  just 
fo^'  the  ride  .  .  . 

—  E.J. 

206  Vol.  J«  No.  3. 


Official  Directory 

International    Council    of    Nurse* 
Acting    RzecntiTe   Secretary,    Miss   Calista    F.    Banwarth,    SIO   Cedar   Street,    New    Haven. 

Connecticut,   U.  S.   A. 

THE  CANADIAN  NURSES  ASSOCIATION 

Vruident Miss  Grace   M.   Fairiey,   Vancouver   General   Hospital.    Vancouver,    B.C. 

P«ft  President  Miss   Ruby   M.   Simpson,   Department  of   Health.    Parliament   Buildings,    Regina.   Sask. 

First  Vice-President Miss    Elizabeth   L.   Smellie,    Department   of   National    Defence.    Ottawa,   Ont. 

Second    Vice-President    Miss    Marion    Lindeburgh.    School    for    Graduate    Nurses.    McGill    University, 
Montreal.    P.    Q. 

Honourary  Secretary   Miss   Kathleen   I.  Sanderson,   1105   Park   Drive.    Vancouver,   B.C. 

Honourai-y  Treasurer   Miss    A.   J.    MacMaster,   Nfoncton    Hospital.    Moncton,   N.B. 

COUNCILLORS  AND  OTHER  MEMBERS  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 

NumeraU   indicate   office   held:    (1)    President,    Provincial    Nurses    Association: 

{Z)Ckairman,  Hotpital  and  School  of  Nurginv  Section;    (3)   Chairman,   Public 

Health    Section:     (4)    Chairman,    General    Nursing    Section. 

Alberu:  (1)  Miss  Rae  Chittick.ai5-I8th  Ave.  W.,  Ontario:  (1)  Miss  Jean  L.  Church,  120  Strath- 
Calgary;  (2)  Miss  Helen  S.  Peters.  University  eona  Ave.,  Ottawa;  (2)  Miss  L.  D.  Acton, 
of  Alberta  Hospital.  Edmonton;  (3)  Miss  Au-  General  Hospital.  Kingston;  (3)  Miss  G.  Ross, 
drey  Dick,  York  Hotel,  Calgarj';  (0  Miss  13  Queen's  Park  Crescent,  Toronto;  (0  Miss 
Leona  Hennig.  .SO.';  Bank  of  Toronto  Bldg..  D.  Ogilvie.  34  Gilchrist  Ave..  Ottawa. 
Edmonton. 

Prince    Edward    Island:    (1)    Miss    K.    MacLennan, 

British  Columbia:  '1)  Miss  M.  Duf field,  1675  West  Provincial  Sanatorium.  Charlottetown ;  (2)  Miss 
lOth  Ave..  Vancouver;  (2)  Miss  F.  McQuarrie.  Georgie  Brown,  Prince  County  Hospital,  Sum- 
Vancouver  General  Hospital;  (3)  Miss  F.  nierside;  (3)  Miss  M.  Darling,  Alljerton;  (4) 
Innes,  1S22  Adanac  St..  Vancouver;  (4)  Mrs.  Miss  D.  Hennessey,  Charlottetown  Hospital, 
J.  F.  Hansom.  1178  Esquimalt  Ave.,  West  Charlottetown. 
Vancouver.  Quebec:    O)   Miss  E.  Flanagan,     3801     University 

..     •    i_        /,x    »«!„    «     %M^ir^^     \rn\j      Kj-Hi^oi  Street.  Montreal;   (2)  Miss  M.  Batson,  Montreal 

'^Tr'^^.^^^^iv'"    ■**  *^'i^*1i,J-n    niflf^iw  General     Hospital       (3)     Miss    A.    Martineau. 

Arte  Bldg.,   Winnipeg;    (2)    Miss  D    D.tchfield,  ^          ^^    ^^^^^^     (,;  ^  ^   ,   Montreal;    (4)    Miss 

Children's    Hospital,    Winnipeg;       3)     M^ss    F  ^/^^    j^^,      ^    5484-A  St.  Denis  St.,  Montreal. 
King.    Ste.    1.    Greysolon    Apts.,    Winnipeg;    (4) 

Miss  C.   Bourgeauit.    St.    Boniface    Hospital,   St.  Saskatchewan:    (1)    Miss   Matilda   Diederichs,  Regi- 

Boniface.  na  Grey  Nuns  Hospital;   (2)  Miss  A.  F.  Lawrie. 

Regina  General  Hospital;    '3)   Miss  Gladys  Mc- 

New    Brunswick:     (1)     Sister    Kerr.     Hotel     Dieu  Donald,   6   Mavfair  Apts.,   Regina:    M)    Miss  R. 

Hospital.  Campbellton:   (2)  Miss  Marian  Myers.  Wozny.  2216  Smith  St..  Regina. 
Saint  John   General   Hospital;    (3)    Miss  A.   A. 

Burns.    Health    Centre,    Saint    John;    (4)    Miss  Chairmen,  National  Sections:    Hospital  and  School 

Myrtle   E.    Kay,    21    Austin    St..   Moncton.  of    Nursing:    Miss    B.    Anderson,    Ottawa    Civic 

Hospital.  Public  Health:  Miss  M.  Kerr,  Eburne, 

Nova  Scotia:     (1)    Miss    M.    Jenkins,    The    Child-  B.C.    General    Nursing:    Miss    M.    Baker,    249 

ren's  Hospital,  Halifax;  (2)  Sister  Mary  Peter,  Victoria  St.,  London.  Convener.  Committee  on 

St.    Martha's    Hospital,    Antigonish;    (3)    Miss  Nursing     Education:     Miss      M.     Lindeburgh, 

Jean    Forbes,    314   Roy   Building,    Halifax;    (4)  School    for    Graduate    Nurses,    McGill    Univer 

Miss  G.  Porter.   115  South  Park  St.,   Halifax.  sity,    Montreal. 

Executive  Secreury:   Mis*  Jean  S.  Wilson,   National   Office,    1411    Crescent   St.,   Montreal,    P.Q. 
OFFICERS   OF   SECTIONS   OF    CANADIAN    NURSES    ASSOCIATION 

Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing  Section  Councillors:  Alberta:  Miss  L.  Hennig,  305  Bank 

of  Toronto  Bldg.,   Edmonton.     British  Columbia: 

^  ,,.       „,        1       .     ,  /Ai.»  o-   •  Mrs.     J.     F.     Hansom,     1!78     Rsquimalt     Ave. 

CHAiitMAN:  Miss  Blanche  Anderson.  Ottawa  Civic  ^.^^^     Vancouver.      Manitoba:     M  ss    C.     Bour- 

Hospi  al.      First    Vice-Chairman:    Miss     E.     G  ,t    ^t.  Boniface  Hospital.  St.  Boniface.  New 

vSll--  P^n^''^'M"'"P;'''-R^y''«n°"v4^nfln1  Brunswick:  Miss  Myrtle  E.   Kay.   21    Austin   St.. 

Vice-chairman       Miss     M       Batson.     Montreal  Moncton.      Nova    Scotia:    Miss    G.    Porter,    115 

General     Hospital.     Secretary-Treasurer:     Miss  g^^^^^    p,^,^    St       Halifax.      Ontario:    Miss     D. 

W.    Cooke.    Ottawa    Civic    Hospital.  Ogi,^ie     .,4    Gilchrist    Ave..   Ottawa.    Prince    Ed- 
ward   Island:    Miss    Dorothy    Hennessey.    Char- 

Councillors:  Alberta:   Miss  H.  S.   Peters.   Univer-  lottetown      Hospital.      Charlottetown.      Quebec: 

city  Hospital,  Edmonton.  Britwh  Columbia:  Miss  Miss  A.  M.  Robert.  5484-A  St.  Denis  St.,  Mont- 

F.    McQuarrie.     Vancouver    General     Hospital.  real.    Saskatchewan:  Miss  R.  Wozny,  2216  Smith 

Manitoba:    Miss    D.    Ditchfield.    Children's    Hos-  St..  Regina. 

pital,   Winnipeg.     New   Brunswick:   Miss   Marion  '              n    fi-      rr      i  /     o 

Myers,     Saint    John     General     Hospital.     Nova  Public   Health    Sectton 

Scotia:  Sister  Mary  Peter.  St    Joseph's  Hospital.  Chairman:    Miss    M.    Kerr.    Eburne.    B.C.    Vice 

Glace   Bay.    Ontario:    Miss   L.    D     Acton,    King-  Chairman:    Miss    W.    Dawson.    Health    Centre, 

ston  General   Hospital.      Prince    Edward    Island :  gaint  John,   N.B.    Secretary-Treasurer:   Miss   L. 

Miss   Georgie    Brown,    Prince   County    Hospital.  Creelman.    2570    Spruce    St.,    Vancouver.    B.C. 

Summerside.  Quebec:  Miss  M.  Batson.  Montreal  „                        ...,..,,          ^.  , 

General    Hospital.      Saskatchewan:    Miss    A.    F.  Councillors:    Alberta:    Miss    Audrey    Dick.    York 

Lawrie.   Regina   General   HospitaL  Hotel.  Calgary.  British  Columbia:  Miss  F.  Innes. 

1922  Adanac  St.,  Vancouver.  Manitoba:  Miss  F. 

King.   Ste.    l.   Greysolon    Apts..   Winnipeg.   New 

General   Nursing  Section  Brunswick:  Miss  A.  Burns,  Health  Centre.  Saint 

John.    Nova  Scotia:  Miss  Jean  Forbes,   314  Ro) 

Chairman:  Miss  M.  Baker.  249  Victoria  St..  Lon  Bldg..     Halifax.      Ontario:     Miss     G.     Ross.     1* 

don.  Ont.    First  Vice-Chairman:  Miss  F.  M.  H.  Queen's    Park    Cres..    Toronto.     Prince    Edwar* 

Brown.  Wolfville.  N.S.    Second  Vice-Chairman:  Island:      Miss      Margaret      Darling,      Alberton. 

Miss  P.  Brownell.   212   Balmoral  St.,  Winnipeg,  Quebec:    Mile    A.    Martineau.    Dept.    of    Health. 

Man.     Secretary-Treasurer:     Miss     A.     Conroy,  City    of    Montreal.    Saskatchewan:    Miss    Gladyi 

404  Regent  St.,  London.  Ont.  McDonald.  6  Mayfair  Apts..  Regina. 


207 


Provincial  Associations  of  Registered  Nurses 


ALBERTA 

Alberta    Association    of    Registered    NurM* 

I'lesident,  Miss  Rae  Cliittick,  815-l8th  Ave.  W.. 
Calgary;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Catherine  M. 
Clibborn,  University  of  Alberta  Hospital,  Ed- 
monton; Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Sister  M.  Beatrice.  St. 
Michael's  Hospital,  Lethbridge;  Secretary-Treas- 
urer &  Registrar,  Mrs.  A.  E.  Vango,  St.  Ste- 
phen's College,  Edmonton;  Councillors:  Miss 
Margaret  D.  McLean,  Hiss  Helen  S.  Peters,  Miss 
Audrey  Dick,  Miss  Leona  Hennig;  Chairmen  of 
Sections:  General  Nursing,  Miss  Leona  Hennig. 
305  Bank  of  Toronto  Bldg.,  Edmonton;  Hospital 
&  School  of  Nursing.  Miss  Helen  S.  Peters.  Uni- 
versity of  Alberta  Hospital.  Edmonton ;  Public 
Health,  Miss  Audrey  Dick,  York  Hotel,  Calgary; 
Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Violet  Chap- 
man,   Royal    Alexandra    Hospital,    Edmonton. 

Ponoka     District,     No.     2,     Alberta     Association     of 
Registered   Nurses 

Chairman.  Miss  Margaret  McLean ;  Vice-Chair- 
man.  Miss  Karen  Westerlund;  Secretary-Treas- 
urer. Miss  Margaret  Tamblyn,  Provincinl  Mental 
Hospital,  Ponoka;  Representative  to  The  Cana- 
dian  Nurse.   Afiss  Nessa   Leckie. 

Calgary     District,     No.     3,     Alberta     Association     of 
Registerc  d    Nurses 

Chairman,  Miss  K.  Connor,  Central  Alta. 
Sanatorium;  Vice  Chairman,  Miss  C.  Feisel,  Holy 
Cross  Hospital;  Sec,  Miss  M.  Richards,  Holy 
Cross  Hospital;  Treaa..  Miss  M.  Watt,  City 
Health  Dept.;  Conveners  of  Sections:  Hospital 
&  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  J.  Connal,  Gen. 
Hospital;  Public  Health,  Miss  A.  Dick.  City 
Health  Dept.;  General  Nursing.  Miss  D.  Cannon, 
Oen.    Hospital. 

Medicine    Hat    Districlj    No.    4,    Alberta    Association 
of    Registered    Nurses 

Chairman,  Miss  C.  E.  Mary  Rowles.  Medicine 
Hat  General  Hospital;  Vice-Cliairman,  Miss  M. 
Hagerman,  Y.W.C.A.,  Medicine  Hat;  Secretary- 
Treasurer.  Miss  M.  M.  Webster,  .558  Fourth 
Street.  Medicine  Hat;  Entertainment  Com- 
mittee: Miss  Green,  Miss  Weeks,  Mrs.  D. 
Kawcett. 

Edmonton    District,    No.    7,    Alberta    Association    of 
Registered  Nurses 

Chainnan,  Miss  L  Johnson;  First  Vice-Chair- 
nian,  Mrs.  O.  Porritt;  Sec.  Vice-Chairman,  Rev. 
Sr.  Clotilda;  Sec.  Miss  G.  Bamforth.  Royal 
Alexandra  Hospital,  Edmonton ;  Treas.,  Miss  V 
Leadlay;  Committee  Conveners:  Program,  Miss 
H.  McArthur;  Membership,  Miss  Lindsay;  Reps. 
to:  Local  Council  of  Women,  Miss  V.  Chap- 
man;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  G.  Vicars. 

Lethbridge    District,    No.    8,    Alberta    Association    of 
Registered    Nurses 

Chairman.  Miss  Jean  MacKenzie.  1120  Sixth 
Avenue.  South.  Lethbridge;  Vice-Chairman.  Miss 
Ann  Kostuik;  Secretary,  Miss  Marjorie  Bair, 
Gait  Hospital.  Lethbridire;  Treasurer,  Miss  Ruth 
Hooper. 

BRITISH   COLUMBIA 

Registered    Nurses    Association    of    British    Columbia 

President.  Miss  M.  Duf field.  1(575  lOth  Ave. 
W..  Vancouver;  First  Vice-President,  Miss  M. 
E.    Kerr:    Sec.   Vice-President,    Miss   G.   M.    Fair- 


ley;  Secretary,  Miss  P.  Capelle.  Rm.  715.  Van 
couver  Block,  Vancouver;  Registrar,  Miss  Evelyn 
Mallory,  Rm.  715,  Vancouver  Block,  Vancouver; 
Councillors:  Miss  E.  Clark.  Miss  L.  Creelman, 
Sr.  Columkille,  Sr.  M.  Gregory.  Miss  F.  H. 
Walker;  Conveners  of  Sections:  Hospital  it 
School  of  Nursing.  Miss  F.  McQuarrie,  Vancou- 
ver General  Hospital;  Public  Health,  Miss  F. 
Iniies.  1922  Adai.ac  St..  Vancouver;  General 
Nuising,  Mrs.  J.  F.  Hansom,  U78  Esquimau 
Ave.,  West  Vancouver;  Press.  Miss  L.  M.  Dry* 
dale,    5851    West   Boulevard,    Vancouver. 

MANITOBA 

Manitoba     Association     of     Registered     Nurs«s 

President,  Miss  A.  McKee,  V.O.N.,  Medicat 
Arts  Bldg.,  Winnipeg;  First  Vice-Pres.,  MissE 
.McNally.  General  Hospital,  Brandon;  Sec.  Vice 
Pres.,  Miss  I.  McDiannid,  303  Langside  St.,  Win- 
nipeg; Hon.  Sec,  Mrs.  H.  Copeland,  Misericordis 
Hospital.  Winnipeg;  Members  of  Board:  Majoi 
P.  Payton,  Grace  Hospital,  Winnipeg;  Miss  W. 
Grice,  St.  Boniface  Out-Patient  Dept.;  Rev.  Slste» 
Breux,  St.  Boniface  Hospital;  Miss  L.  Stewart. 
168  Chestnut  St..  Winnipeg;  Miss  H.  Coram,  17» 
Chestnut  St.,  Winnipeg;  Miss  P.  Hart,  Melita; 
Miss  C.  Lynch,  Winnipeg  General  Hospital;  Mis* 
L.  Nordquist.  Carman  General  Hospital;  Con 
veners  of  Sections:  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing. 
.Miss  D.  Ditchfield.  Children's  Hospital.  Winni 
peg;  General  Nursing.  Miss  C.  Bourgeault,  St 
Boniface  Hospital;  Public  Health,  Miss  F.  King. 
Ste.  1.  Greysolon  Apts.,  Winnipeg;  Committer 
Conveners:  Instructors  Group,  Mrs.  Copeland. 
Mi.serlcordia  Ho.spitaI,  Winnipeg;  Social,  Miss  L 
Kelly.  753  Wolseley  Ave..  Winnipeg;  Visiting. 
Miss  J.  Stotliart.  320  .Sherbrooke  St..  Winnipeg; 
Membership,  Miss  A.  Danilevitch.  St.  Boniface 
Out-Patient  Dept.;  Nightingale  Memorial  Fund. 
Miss  Z.  Beattie.  St.  Boniface  Hospital;  Repre 
sentatives  to:  Council  of  Social  Agencies,  Mi9» 
F.  Robertson.  753  Wolseley  Ave..  Winnipeg;  Red 
Cross,  Miss  C.  Maddin.  Bureau  of  Child  Hygiene. 
.Aberdeen  Ave..  Winnipeg;  The  Canadian  Nurse. 
To  be  appointed;  Local  Council  of  n'nmen.  Mrs. 
A.  L.  Wheeler,  Ste.  1,  221  Wellington  Cres.;  Red 
Cro.ss  War  Council.  Miss  I.  Broadfoot,  2ii  Anver* 
Apts.,  Winnipeg;  Secretary-Treasurer.  Miss  Ger 
trude  Hall,   212  Balmoral  St..  Winnipeg. 

NEW    BRUNSWICK 

New    Brunswick     Association     of     Registered     Nurses 

I'res..  Sister  Kerr,  Hotel  Dleu  Hospital. 
Campbellton;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  A.  J.  Mac- 
Master;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mi.ss  L.  Smith;  Hon. 
Sec.  Miss  L.  Bartsch ;  Councillors:  Mrs.  G.  E. 
van  Dorsser,  Saint  John;  Miss  D.  Parsons, 
Fredericton ;  Sister  Anne  de  Parede,  Moncton; 
Miss  B.  M.  Hadrill.  Newcastle;  Miss  L.  Bartsch, 
Saint  John;  Misses  R.  Follis.  M.  McMulIen.  St. 
Stephen;  Miss  E.  M.  TuUoch.  Woodstock;  Sec- 
Treas. -Registrar,  Miss  Alma  Law,  Health  Cen- 
tre, Saint  John;  Conveners  of  Sections:  Hospital 
&  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  M.  Myers;  Generat 
Nursing.  >riss  M.  Kay;  Public  Health,  Miss  A. 
A.  Burns;  Conveners  of  Committees:  Legislation. 
Miss  B.  L.  Gregory;  Instruction,  Miss  Boyd.  SI 
Stephen;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  H.  Cahill. 

NOVA   SCOTIA 

Registered  Nurses  Association  of  Novs  Scoiin 
Pres..  Miss  Marjorie  Jenkins,  Children's  Ho» 
pital.  Halifax;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  D.  J.  Gillis. 
Windsor  Jet.;  Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  J.  Watkins^ 
63  Henn-  St..  Halifax;  Third  Vice-Pres..  Miss  A. 
E.  Fenton,  Dalhousie  P.  H.  Clinic,  Halifax;  Rec. 
Sec.  Mrs.  C.  W.  Bennett.  98  Edward  St.,  Ha 
Wax;   Registrar-Treasurer-Correspondins  .^Sirret*. 


O  f  •  f  ■  I  C  I  A  L    DIRECTOR  Y 


209 


ry.  Miss  Jean  C.  Dunning,  413  Dennis  Bldg.,  Hali- 
fax: Hep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Flora 
Antierson.    General    Hospital,    Glace    Bay. 

ONTARIO 

Regisiered       Nurses       Association       of       Ontario 

Pretiident.  Miss  Jean  L.  Church;  First  Viee- 
Presiflent.  Miss  M.  I.  Walker:  Second  Vice- 
President.  Miss  J.  Masten;  Secretary-Treasurer, 
Miss  Matilda  E.  Fitzgerald.  Room  630,  Physi- 
cians &  Surgeons  Bldg.,  86  Bloor  St.  W.,  To- 
ronto: Chairmen  of  Sections:  Hospital  &  School 
of  Nursing,  Miss  L.  D.  Acton.  General  Hospital. 
Kingston :  General  Nursing.  Miss  D.  Ogilvie,  34 
Gilchrist  Ave..  Ottawa:  Public  Health,  Miss  G. 
Ross.  l.">  Queen's  Park  Crescent,  Toronto:  Chair- 
men of  Districts:  Miss  J.  M.  Wilson,  Miss  W. 
.■\shpliint.  Miss  A.  Boyd,  Miss  A.  Bell.  Mis."* 
I.  Shaw,  Miss  A.  Baillie,  Miss  M.  Stewart,  Miss 
J.  Smith,  Miss  M.  Buss. 

District    1 

Chairman,  Mrs.  C.  I.  Salmon;  First  Vice- 
Chairman,  Major  D.  Barr;  Sec. — Treas.,  Miss 
A.  Kenny.  Aberdeen  Hotel.  Chatham:  Coun- 
cillors: Misses  Stewart,  Wightman,  Rathwell, 
Shaw,  Perrin,  Gray,  Mrs.  Wilson;  Conveners: 
Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  P.  Camp- 
liell;  General  Nursing,  Miss  H.  O'Mahoney; 
Public  Health,  Miss  M.  Armstrong;  Enrolment, 
Miss  D.  Birrell. 

Districts  2  and  3 

Chairman,  Miss  Mary  F.  Bliss;  First  Vice- 
Chairman,  Mrs.  K.  Cowie;  Second  Vice-Chair- 
man,  Miss  Olive  Waterman;  Secretary-Treasu- 
rer, Miss  Hilda  D.  Muir,  Brantford  General 
Hospital;  Councillors:  Misses  E.  Eby,  F.  Mc- 
Kenzie,  G.  Westbrook,  M.  Grieve.  C.  Atwood. 
L.   Trusdale. 

District   4 

Chairman.  Miss  M.  Buchanan;  First  Vice- 
Chairman,  Miss  E.  Ewart;  Sec.  Vice-Chairman, 
Miss  A.  Scheifele;  Sec.-Treas.,  Miss  G.  Coul- 
thart,  192  Wellington  St.  N..  Hamilton;  Coun- 
cillors: Sr.  Grace,  Misses  Brewster,  Cameron, 
Wright,  Mrs.  Day,  N/S  Boyd;  Conveners:  Hos- 
pital &  School  «if  Nursing,  Sr.  Eileen;  Public 
Health,  Miss  H.  Snedden;  General  Nursing, 
Miss  S.  Murray:  Emergency  Nursing,  Mrs.  A. 
Haygarth. 

District  5 

Chainnan.  Miss  A.  Bell:  First  Vice-Chair- 
man. Miss  K.  McNamara;  Sec,  Mrs.  E.  Major. 
10  Bonnyview  Dr.,  Humber  Bay:  Treas.,  Mrs. 
R.  Cliallener;  Councillors:  Misses  G.  Jones,  R. 
Scott.  J.  Wallace,  J.  Mitclieli.  G.  Versey.  I. 
Lawsoii:  Committee  Conveners:  Public  Health. 
Miss  L.  Pettigrew:  General  Nursing,  Miss  I. 
l^indsay:  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss 
•«.    Giles. 

District  « 

Chairman.  Miss  I.  Shaw;  First  Vice-Chair- 
man. Miss  M.  McKenzie;  Sec.  Vice-Chairman. 
Miss  Covert  :  Sec.-Treas.,  Miss  V.  Taylor. 
<Jeneral  Hospital.  Cobourg:  Committee  Con- 
■veners:  Hospital  tc  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  E. 
Young:  General  Nursing,  Miss  N.  DiCola: 
P«6/i>  Health,  Miss  Stewart;  Membership.  Miss 
N.  Brown:  Enrolment,  Miss  H.  Fitzgerald: 
Finance.    Miss    F.    Fitzgerald. 

District   7 

Chairman.  Miss  A.  Baillie:  Vice-Chairman. 
Mms  E.  Ardill:  Sec.-Treas.,  Miss  E.  Sharp. 
Kineston  General  Hospital:  Councillors:  Misses 
B.  Freeman.  V.  Manders.  E.  Moffatt.  P.  Gaven. 
«p»       >r.      Donovan:       Conveners:       Hosvitai      it. 


School  of  Nursing,  Miss  L.  Acton;  General 
Nursing,  Miss  A.  Davis:  Public  Health,  Misa 
D.  Storms:  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Mi.ss  0.  Wilson. 

District  8 

Chairman.  Miss  M.  Stewart:  First  Vice-Chair- 
man, Rev.  Sr.  M.  Evangeline:  Sec.  Vice-Chair- 
man. Miss  P.  Walker:  Sec.-Treas..  Mrs.  E.  M. 
Smith,  149  Laurier  Ave.  W..  Ottawa;  Councillors: 
Misses  V.  Belier,  W.  Cooke,  M.  Lowry,  K.  Mcll- 
raith.  Mrs.  G.  Fraser;  Conveners:  Hospital  k 
School  of  Nursing,  Rev.  Sr.  St.  Godfrey;  General 
Nursing,  Mrs.  G.  Fraser:  Public  Health.  Miss  F. 
Moroni:  Cornwall  Chapter,  Miss  M.  McWhinnie: 
Pembroke  Chapter.  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Evangeline:  The 
Canadian  Nurse.  Miss  H.  Tanner. 

District   9 

Chairman.  Miss  J.  Smith.  Gravenhurst:  First 
Vice-Chairman.  Miss  K.  MacKenzie.  North  Bay; 
Sec.  Vice-Chairman,  Miss  A.  McGregor.  Sault 
Ste.  Marie;  Sec,  Miss  F.  Geddis.  Plummer 
Memorial  Hospital.  Sault  Ste.  Marie;  Treas., 
Miss  R.  Buchanan,  Sanitarium  P.  0.;  Conveners: 
Public  Health.  Miss  H.  E.  Smith,  New  Liskeard; 
Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  A.  Riordan. 
Sudbury;  General  Nursing,  Mrs.  E.  Sheridan. 
Sudbury:  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Sr.  Teresa  of 
the   Sacred    Heart,   Sault   Ste.   Marie. 

District  10 

Chairman,  Miss  M.  Buss,  The  Sanatorium.  Fort 
William:  Vice-Chairman,  Miss  Alice  Hunter: 
Sec.-Treas.,  Miss  Dorothy  Chedister,  General 
Hospital.  Port  Arthur:  Councillors:  Miss  J.  Ho 
garth.  Miss  V.  Lovelace,  Miss  J.  Berry;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursiiig. 
Miss  L.  Horwood ;  General  Nursing,  Miss  1.  Mor 
rison :    Public   Health,  Miss   Q.    Donaldson. 

PRINCE    EDWARD    ISLAND 

Prince  Edward  Island  Registered  Nurses 
Association 
Pres.,  Miss  Katharine  MacLennan.  Provincial 
Sanatorium,  Charlottetown ;  Vice-Pres..  Miss  Ma- 
ry Devereaux,  New  Haven ;  Sec.  Miss  Anna 
Mair.  P.E.I.  Hospital,  Charlottetown;  Treas.  & 
Registrar,  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Magdalen,  Charlottetown 
Hospital;  Chairmen  of  Sections:  Hospital  & 
School  of  Nursing,  Miss  Georgie  Brown,  Prince 
Co.  Hospital,  Summerside:  General  Nitrsing,  Miss 
Dorothy  Hennessey,  Charlottetown  Hospital. 
Charlottetown :  Public  Health,  Miss  Margaret 
Darling,    Alberton. 

QUEBEC 

Association  of  Registered  Nurses  of  the  Province 
of  Quebec  (Incorporated,  1920) 
President.  Miss  Eileen  C.  Flanagan;  Vice 
President  (English).  Miss  Mabel  K.  Holt;  Vice 
President  (French),  Rev.  Soeur  Valerie  de  in 
Sagesse:  Honourary  Secretary,  Mile  Alice  Al 
bert;  Honourary  Treasurer,  Miss  Fanny  Mun 
roe:  Members  without  Office:  Misses  Marion 
Nash,  Mary  Ritchie.  Miles  Roy,  Trudel,  Giroux: 
.Advisory  Board:  Misses  jean  S.  Wilson. 
Margaret  L.  Moag.  Catherine  M.  P'erguson. 
Marion  Lindeburgh,  Miles  Anysie  Deland, 
Maria  Beauniier.  Edna  Lynch:  Conveners  of 
Sections:  General  Nursing  (English),  To  be 
appointed:  General  Nursing  (French),  Mile 
Anne-Marie  Robert.  5184-A  rue  St.  Denis. 
Montreal:  Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing  (Eng- 
lish). Miss  Martha  Batson.  Montreal  General 
Hospital;  Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing 
(French),  Rev.  Soeur  Mance  Decary.  Hopital  No- 
tre-Dame.  Montreal:  Public  Health  (English), 
Miss  Kathleen  Dickson.  Royal  Edward  Institute. 
Montreal:  Public  Health  (French).  Mile  Annon- 
ciade  Martineau.  1034  rue  St.  Denis.  Apt.  6. 
Montreal:  Board  of  Examiners:  Miss  .Mary 
Mathewson  (convener).  Misses  Norena  S.  Mac- 
kenzie, Madeleine  Flander,  Miles  Alexina  Mar- 
r4tes*ault.    .\nvsie    Delnnd.   Suzanne   Giroux:    Rxp. 


210 


THE   CANADIAN    NURSE 


cutive  Secretary,  Registrar,  and  Official  School 
Visitor,  Miss  E.  Frances  Upton,  Room  1019,  Me- 
dical Arts  Bldg.,  1538  Sherbrooke  St.  West. 
Montreal. 

SASKATCHEWAN 

Saskatchewan    Registered    Nurses    AssociMion 
(IncorpontMi    1917) 

President.  Miss  M.  Diederichs,  Regina  Grey 
Nuns  Hospital;  First  Vice-President.  Miss  M. 
Ingham,  Moose  Jaw  General  Hospital;  Second 
Vice-President,  Miss  E.  Pearston,  Melfort;  Coun- 
cillors :  Miss  M.  E.  Grant,  922-9th  Ave.  N., 
Saskatoon;  Miss  M.  Pierce.  Wolseley;  Chairmen 
of  Sections:  General  Nursing,  Miss  R.  Woiny, 
2216    Smith    St..    Regina;    Hospital   &    School    of 


Nursing,  Miss  A.  F.  Lawrie.  Regina  Generat 
Hospital;  Public  Health,  Miss  Gladys  McDonald,^ 
6  Mayfair  Apts.,  Regina;  Secretary-Treasurer, 
Registrar  and  Advisor,  Schools  for  Nurses,  Mis* 
K.  W.  Ellis,  University  of  Saskatchewan.  Saa 
katoon. 

Regina    Registered    Nurses    Association 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  A.  Lawrie;  Pres.,  Miss  K 
Morton;  Vlce-Pres.,  Miss  R.  Simpson;  Sec.,  Mis*- 
E.  Howard,  General  Hospital;  Treas.  &  Re 
gistrar.  Miss  L.  Dahl;  Conveners:  Registry,  Mis*- 
L.  Lynch;  Membership,  Miss  K.  McLachlan;  En 
tertainment.  Miss  Spelliscy;  General  Nursing. 
Miss  R.  Wozny;  Public  Health,  Miss  F.  Dean: 
Hospital  &•  School  of  Nursing.  Miss   M.   Zens. 


Alumnae  Associations 


ALBERTA 

A. A.,     Calgary     General     Hospital,     Calgary 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  S.  Macdonald;  Pres.,  Mrs.  T. 
L.  O'Keefe;  First  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  A.  E.  War- 
rington ;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  H.  Buckmaster : 
Corr.  Sec.  Mrs.  F.  Wotherspoon,  I215-9th  St.  W.; 
Rec.  Sec.  Mrs.  A.  Mclntyre;  Treas..  Mrs.  C. 
Parks;  Press.  Mrs.  D.  O.  Macko;  Membership, 
Mrs.   E.   Donnison. 

A.A.,    Holy    Cross    Hospital,    Calgary 

President,  Miss  Ruth  Turnbull;  First  Vice- 
President,  Miss  Gertrude  Thome;  Second  Vice- 
President.  Miss  Margaret  Bella;  Recording  Se- 
cretary. Mrs.  A.  Kloepfer;  Corresponding  Secre- 
tary, Mrs.  C.  Harrison,  412-21st  Avenue,  N.W.. 
Treasurer,  Mrs.  Elaine  S.  Clarke. 

A.A.,  Edmonton  General  Hospital,  Edmonton 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sr.  M.  O'Grady,  Sr.  F.  Neuhausel; 
Pres.,  Miss  E.  Bietsch;  First  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  R. 
Price;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  J.  Slavik,  E.G.H.;  Rec. 
Sec,  Miss  A.  Strochinski ;  Treas.,  Miss  E. 
Wallsmith;  Private  Duty,  Miss  M.  Hozak;  Visit- 
ing Committee:  Misses  Nelson,  Deschatelets ; 
Standing  Committee:  Misses  Kuntz.  Beaton. 
Barden,    Ryan,   Mrs.   Lowing. 

A. A.,    Royal    Alexandra    Hospital.    Edmonton 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  M.  Eraser;  Pres.,  Miss 
Einarson ;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  I.  Johnson ; 
.Sec  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  R.  Boyd;  Rec  Sec,  Mrs. 
.M.  Hall;  Corr.  Sec,  Mrs.  W.  White,  R.A.H.; 
Treas.,  Miss  F.  Toby;  Committee  Conveners: 
Program.  Mrs.  J.  White;  Visiting,  Miss  T. 
Holm;  Social,  Miss  K.  Dunlop;  News  Letter, 
Miss  A.  Piercy;  Benefit,  Miss  L  Johnson; 
Scholarship,  Miss  G.  AUyn ;  Executive:  Miss  A. 
Anderson,   Mmes  J.   F.  Thompson,  P.  Baker. 

A.A.,     University    of     Alberta    Hospital,    Edmonioo 

Honourary  President.  Miss  Helen  S.  Peters; 
President.  Mrs.  D.  Payment;  Vice-President. 
Miss  S.  Greene;  Recording  Secretary.  Mrs.  A. 
Ward;  Corresponding  Secretary.  Mrs.  S.  Gra 
ham.  10448-l26th  Street:  Treasurer.  Miss  D. 
Wright;  Executive  Committee:  Mrs.  W.  Slean. 
Miss  K.  Chapman,  Miss  B.  Fane.  Mi*!?  D.  Hay 
cock. 

A. A.,    Lamont    Public    Hospital.    Lament 

Honourarv  President.  Miss  F.  E.  Welsh. 
Goderich.  Ont. :  President.  Mrs.  R.  H.  Shears; 
First  Vice-President,  Mrs.  G.  Archer:  Second 
Vice-President.  Mrs.  G.  Harrolld;  Secretary- 
Treasurer,   Mrs.   B.   I.   Love.   Elk   Island   National 


Park.  Lamont;  Neu\i  Editor,  .Mrs.  Peterson. 
Hardisty;  Convener.  Social  Committee.  Miss  C 
Stewart. 

A.A.,     Vcgrevillc     General     Hospital,     Vegreville 

Hon.  President,  Sister  Anna  Keohane;  Hon. 
Vice-President.  Sister  J.  Boisseau;  President, 
Mrs.  Stanley  Walker,  Vegreville;  Vice-President. 
Mrs.  Rennie  Landr>-.  Vegreville:  Secretary- 
Treasurer.  Miss  Annie  Askin,  Box  213,  Vegre 
ville:    Visiting   Committee    (chosen    monthly). 


BRITISH   COLUMBIA 

A. A.,    St.    Paul's    Hospital,    Vancouver 

Hon.  Pres..  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Phillipe;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres..  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Columbkille;  Pres.,  Miss  J. 
Mitchell;  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  F.  Engby;  Sec,  Miss 
B.  Falk,  3776-33  Ave.  W;  Treas.,  Miss  E.  Atter- 
bine;  Registrar.  Miss  Stewart;  Committee  Con- 
veners: Social,  Miss  Walters;  Program,  Miss  M. 
Bell;  Vi.iiting,  Miss  McCauley;  Mutual  Benefit, 
Miss  McGee ;  Press,  Miss  N.  Johnson ;  Rep.  to- 
The   Canadian    Nurse,   Miss   C.   Bryant. 


A. A..    Vancouver  General    Hospital,   Vancouver 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  G.  Fairley;  Pres.,  Miss  F. 
Innes;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  L.  Creelman;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  A.  Grundy;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  N. 
Cunningham;  Corr.  Sec,  Mi.ss  L.  Lore.  1589  E. 
Broadway;  Treas..  Mrs.  F.  L.  Faulkner:  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  Mutual  Benefit.  Miss  M.  Ed- 
wards; Visiting,  Mrs.  M.  Appleby;  Social,  Mrs. 
G.  E.  Gillies:  Membership.  Miss  W.  Keen;  Re- 
freshment.  Miss  S.  McDiarmid;  Program,  Mrs. 
R.   Stevens;    Eep.  to  Press,  Miss  M.   Mcdonnell. 

A. A.,    Royal    Jubilee    Hospital,    Victoria 

President.  Mrs.  J.  H.  Russell;  Fir^t  Vice-Pres.. 
Mrs.  D.  Hunter;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Dick- 
son; Sec.  Mrs.  J.  A.  McCague,  1046  View  St.; 
Assist.  Sec.  Mrs.  Shea;  Treas..  Mrs.  McConnellr 
Committee  Conveners:  Social,  Mrs.  D.  McLoud; 
Visiting.  Miss  F.  Ferguson ;  Press,  Mrs.  Ban 
yard;  Bursary  Committee:  Misses  Putman,  Dick 
son.   Herbert.  Mmes  Leal,  McLoud. 

A. A..    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    Victoria 

Hon.  Pres..  Sr.  M.  Kathleen ;  Hon.  Vice-Pres.. 
Sr.  M.  Gregory;  Pres..  Mrs.  G.  Rose;  Vice- 
Pres..  Mrs.  J.  Grant:  Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  J. 
We'ch:  Rec.  Sec.  Mrs.  J.  Stokes;  Corr.  Sec, 
Mi.ss  G.  Wahl.  St.  Joseph's  Hospital;  Treas., 
Miss  M.  Murphy:  Press,  Miss  J.  Cooney:  Coun- 
cillors: Mmes  Ridewood,  Bryant.  Sinclair,  Lewis; 
Vital   Stnti.itics.    Miss    Cruickshank, 


OFFICIAL    DIRECTOR  \' 


211 


MANITOMA 


A. A.,   St.   Boniface   Hospital,   St.   Boniface 

Hon.  Pres..  Rev.  Sr.  Superior;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres..  Mrs.  W.  Crosby;  Pres.,  Mrs.  W.  McEl- 
heran:  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  S.  Wright:  Sec. 
V'ice-Pres..  Miss  W.  Grice;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss  H. 
Fairbairn:  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  D.  Webster,  184 
River  Ave..  Winnipeg;  Treas..  Miss  H.  Oliver; 
.Arcliivist,  Miss  Margason;  Advisory  Committee: 
Miss  MacCalluni.  Mmes  McElheran.  Greville. 
Groelle.  L'Eueyer.  Rev.  Sr.  Superior;  Conveners: 
Visiting.  Miss  Johnson;  Social  &  Program.  Miss 
Kungay;  Membership,  Miss  Vandecar;  Reps,  to 
The  Canadian  yurse,  Miss  Watson;  M. A.R.N. . 
.Miss  Troendle;  Man.  Directory,  Mrs.  Shinmow- 
ski:    Local  Covncil  of  Women,   Mrs.  Shankman. 


A. A..    Children's     Hospital,    Winnipeg 

Pres.,  Mrs.  W.  Stewart;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss 
M.  Perley;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  E.  Hyndman;  Corr. 
Sec,  Miss  E.  Young,  91  Home  St.;  Treas.,  Miss 
B.  Thain,  21  Stratford  Hall;  Conveners:  Program, 
Miss  M.  Smith;  Ways  &  Means,  Mrs.  H.  Moore; 
Visiting  &  Red  Cross,  Mrs.  Campbell;  Member- 
ship, Miss  R.  Hutton ;  News  Editor,  Mrs.  G.  Jack. 


A. A.,    Winnipeg    General    Hospital,     Winnipeg 

Hon.  Pres..  Mrs.  A.  W.  Moody;  Pres.,  Miss  I. 
.McDiannid;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  C.  Lethbridge; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  T.  Wiggins;  Third  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  E.  Wilson;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  J.  Smith;  Corr. 
Sec,  Miss  T.  Fredrickson.  630  Maryland  St.; 
Treas..  Miss  F.  Stratton ;  Committee  Conveners : 
Program,  Mrs.  W.  H.  Anderson ;  Membership, 
Miss  B.  V.  Seenian;  Visiting.  Mrs.  J.  F.  Page; 
Journal,  Mrs.  W.  G.  Beaton ;  School  of  Nursing, 
Miss  G.  Hall;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  H. 
Smith;  Central  Directory,  Miss  A.  Howard; 
Archivist,  Miss  M.  Stewart;  Jubilee.  Miss  P. 
Bonner;  Council  of  Women,  Miss  M.  McGilvray: 
Council  of  Social  Agencies,  Miss  B.   ^^cClung. 


NEW   BRUNSWICK 


A.A.,    Halifax    Infirmary,    Halifax 

Pres..  Miss  Dorothy  Turner;  Vice-Pres..  Miss 
Rita  Maclnnes:  Rec.  Sec.  Miss  Elisabeth  Mac- 
Dougall:  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  Loretta  Pertus.  111% 
-Morris  St.;  Treas..  Miss  Gertrude  Shortall; 
Committee  Conveners:  Visiting,  Miss  Eisen- 
hauer:  Entertainment,  Miss  Mary  Ready;  Pres.t, 
Miss  Marg^aret  Grant:  Librarian,  Miss  Shafer; 
\otninati7ig,  Mrs.   Power. 


A. A.,     Victoria     General     Hospital,     Halifax 

Pres..  Miss  Agnes  Cox.  Tuberculosis  Hospi- 
tal; Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  E.  MacQuade;  Sec,  Miss 
Grace  Porter.  267  South  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  Helen 
Joncas,  Victoria  General  Hospital;  Committee 
Conveners:  Entertainment,  Misses  M.  Ripley,  A. 
Power;  Refreshments,  Mrs.  Cullen.  Miss  Ger- 
raise;  Viaitin^,  Misses  G.  Byers,  H.  Watson; 
Private    Duty,    Miss    Isobel    Macintosh. 


ONTARIO 


A. A..     Belleville     General     Hospital,     Belleville 

Pres.,  Miss  D.  Williams;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss 
X.  DiCola;  Sec  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Peacock; 
Sec.  Miss  Edna  Sullivan.  General  Hospital; 
Treas..  Miss  M.  Leury;  Registrar.  Miss  M.  Dun- 
can: Committee  Conveners:  Flowers,  Miss  D. 
Hogle:  Social.  Miss  D.  Warren;  Program,  Mi.ss 
.M.  Fitzgerald :  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse  tt 
Press.    Miss    M.    Plumton. 


A. A.,      Brantford      General      Hospital,      Branlford 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  E.  McKee;  Pres.,  Mrs.  S 
Barber;  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  A.  Grierson;  Sec,  Miss 
I.  Feely,  General  Hospital;  Treas..  Miss  J.  Rou 
sell;  Committee  Conveners:  Social,  Mrs.  G 
Thompson.  Miss  M.  Robertson;  Flower,  Misses  Nf 
Vardley,  R  Moffat;  Gift,  Misses  K.  Charnley.  H 
Muir;  Reps,  to:  The  Canadian  Nurse  &  Press 
Miss  M.  Copeland;  Private  Duty  Section,  Miss  E 
Scott;  Local  Council  of  Women.  Mmes  W.  Rid 
dolli.  A.  Mlzon.  R.  Smith;  Red  Cross,  Miss  E 
Lewis. 


A. A.,  Saint  John  General   Hospital,   Saint  John 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  J.  Mitchell;  Pres.,  Miss 
G.  Brown:  First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  H.  L.  Ellis; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  S.  Hartley;  Sec.  Miss  F. 
Congdon.  S.J.G.H.;  Treas.,  Miss  H.  Tracy, 
S.J.G.H. :  Assist.  Treas.,  Miss  R.  Wilson;  Exe- 
cutive: Mi.sses  M.  Murdoch,  P.  White,  B.  Bain, 
Mrs.  J.  Wilson. 

A. A.,    L.    P.   Fisher   Memorial    Hospital,    Woodstock 

President.  Mrs.  Hebec  Inghram;  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Mrs.  Wendall  Slipp,  Chapel  Street;  Se- 
cretao'.  Mrs.  .\rthur  Peabody;  Treasurer,  Miss 
N'ellie  Wallace:  Executive  Committee:  Miss  Mar- 
garet Parker.  Miss  Evelyn  Briggs.  Miss  Mabel 
Howe. 


NOVA    SCOTIA 

A. A.,    Glace    Bay    General     Hospital,    Glace    Bay 

Pres.,  Mrs.  F.  MacKinnion;  First  Vlce-Pre«„ 
Mrs.  W.  MacPherson:  Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Mrs. 
H.  Spencer;  Rec  Sec.  Miss  B.  MacKenzie;  Corr. 
Sec.  Miss  F.  Anderson,  General  Hospital; 
Treas..  Miss  W.  MacLeod;  Committee  Convener*: 
Executive,  ^riss  C.  Roney;  Visiting,  Mrs.  O. 
Turner:    Finance,    Miss    A.    Beaton. 


A. A.,    Brockville    General    Hospital,    Brockville 

Hon.  Presidents,  Misses  A.  Shannette.  K. 
.Moffatt;  Pres..  Mrs.  M.  White;  First  Vice-Pres., 
.Mrs.  W.  Cooke;  Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  L.  Merklev: 
Sec,  Miss  H.  Corbett.  127  Pearl  St.  E.:  Asa. 
Sec,  Mrs.  F.  Finlay;  Treas.,  Mrs.  H.  Van  Dusen; 
Committee  Conveners:  Sorial,  Mrs.  H.  Green: 
Flower,  Miss  Kendrick;  Program,  Mrs.  Derry: 
Rep.   to  The  Canadian  Nurse,   Miss  Cori)ett. 

A. A.,  Public  General  Hospital,  Chatham 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  P.  Campl>ell:  Pres..  Miss  L. 
Hastings;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  F.  Armstrong; 
Rec.  Sec.  Miss  V.  Carnes:  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  M. 
Gilbert.  104  Harvey  St.:  Treas..  Miss  J.  Rickard; 
Committees:  Floxcers:  Miss  Malott:  Social:  Miss 
Purcell.  Mrs.  Goldrick;  Refreshments:  Mrs. 
Bourne,  Miss  Houston:  Councillors:  Misses  Head. 
Dyer,  Baird.  McNaughton :  Reps,  to  Press:  Miss 
Patterson:   The  Canadian  Nurse:  Miss  L.  Smyth. 


A.A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    Chatham 

Hon.  Pres.,  Mother  M.  Pascal;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Sister  M.  St.  Anthony:  President,  Miss 
Hazel  Gray:  First  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  A.  E.  Ro- 
l)erts:  Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  May  Boyle;  Secre- 
tary-Treasurer. Miss  Mary-Clare  Zink,  4  Robert- 
son Ave.;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  Anne  Kenny;  Repre- 
sentative to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Ursula 
O'Neill. 


212 


'1^  H  E   C  A  N  A  D  IAN    NURSE 


A.A.,     Caanwall      General      Hoipital,     Cornwall 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  H.  C.  Wilson;  Pres.,  Miss  E. 
Allen;  First  Vice-Pies..  Mrs.  M.  Quail;  Sec- 
Treas.,  Miss  G.  Meyer,  General  Hospital;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  Program,  Miss  M.  Summers; 
Social  Finance,  Miss  M.  Franklin;  Flower:  Mis.i 
B.  Rustin.  Miss  G.  Meyer;  Visiting:  Mrs.  Wa- 
goner. Mrs.  Frayne;  Membership,  Miss  G.  Rowe; 
Itep.  to  The  Canadian  Nvrse,  Miss  B.  Kinkaid. 


A. A..     Kingston    General     Hospital,     Kingston 

Hon.  President.  Miss  L.  D.  Acton;  President. 
Mrs.  F.  W.  Atack,  Centre  St.;  First  Vice-Pre.si- 
dent,  Mrs.  Graham  Campbell;  Sec.  Vice-President. 
Miss  E.  Freeman :  Secretary,  Mrs.  Chas.  Ryder, 
811  Johnson  St.;  Treasurer,  Mrs.  C.  W.  MallorT. 
176  Alfred  St.;  Assist.  Treas..  Miss  P.  Timmer 
man;    Press   Representative,   Miss   Mae   Porter. 


A. A.,     Gait      Hospital,      Gait 


I'lesideiit.  .Mrs.  E.  D.  Scott:  Vice-President, 
Miss  Hazel  Blagilen;  Secretary.  Mrs.  A.  Bon:l. 
General  Hospital;  Treasurer.  Mrs.  W.  Bell;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  Social,  Miss  Claire  Murphy; 
Flower.  Miss  I,.  MacNair;  Press,  Mrs.  .1.  M. 
I>5'rne. 

A. A.,    Guelph    General    Hospital.    Guelph 


A. A..     Kitchener     and     Waterloo     General     Hospital, 
Kitchener 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  K.  \V.  .Scott;  Pres.,  Mrs.  H. 
Christner:  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  G.  Cornwall; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  E.  Carey;  Sec.  Miss  O. 
Daitz,  K.  &  W.  Hospital;  Treas.,  Miss  E.  Janf 
zen ;  Committee  Conveners:  Program,  Miss  L. 
Daniel;  Lunch,  Mrs.  R.  Hodd;  Flowers:  Misses 
M.  McManus.  M.  McLean ;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian- 
.Vwnse,  Miss  A.  Leslie. 


Honourary  President.  Miss  S.  A.  Campbell; 
President,  Miss  L.  Ferguson;  First  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Mrs.  F.  C.  McLeod;  Secretary,  Miss  Mary 
R.  Upward,  General  Hospital;  Treasurer,  Miss 
A.    Armstrong. 


A. A.,     St.     Joseph's     Hospital,     Guelph 


A.A.,    St.     Mary's    Hospital,    Kitchener 

Hon.  Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Gerard;  Hon.  \'ice 
Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Geraldine;  Pres..  Miss  Millie 
A.  O.  Brand;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Jean  Pickard; 
Rec.  Sec,  Miss  Melva  Lapsley;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss 
Marie  A.  Lorentz,  92  Victoria  St.  S..  Waterloo; 
Treas.,   Miss   Beatrice   Hertel. 


Hon.  Pres.,  Sr.  M.  Augustine;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Sr.  M.  Dominica;  Pres.,  Miss  Doris  Mil- 
Ion;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Eva  Murphy;  Rec.  Sec. 
Miss  B.  Kadweil;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  Anna  M. 
Herringer,  St.  Joseph's  Hospital;  Treas.,  Miss 
H.  Harding;  Convener  of  Social  Committee, 
Mrs.  T.  McCorkindale;  Representative  to  The 
Canadian   Nurse,    Miss    A.    Herringer. 


A. A.,   Hamilton  General   Hospital,   Hamilton 


Hon.  President,  Miss  C.  E.  Brewster;  Presi- 
dent, Miss  M.  O.  Watson ;  First  Vice-President, 
Miss  M.  Watt;  Second  Vice-President,  Miss  N. 
Coles;  Recording  Secretary,  Mrs.  H.  Roy;  Cor- 
responding Secretary,  Miss  E.  Ferguson,  Ha- 
milton General  Hospital;  Treasurer,  Mrs.  W. 
.V.  Paterson.  114  Traymore  St.;  Secretary-Treas- 
urer, Mutual  Benefit  Association,  Miss  H.  Sa- 
bine, 132  Ontario  Ave.;  Committee  Conveners: 
Executive.  Miss  E.  Bingeman ;  Social,  Miss  H.  G. 
McCulloch;  Flowers,  Miss  G.  Servos;  Budget, 
Mrs.   H.   Roy. 


A. A.,     Ross    \ieniortal     Hoipital,    Lindsay 

Hon.  Pre.s..  Miss  E.  S.  Reid;  Pres.,  Mrs.  M 
Thurston;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  G.  Lehigh;  Sec. 
Miss  Doris  Currins,  Lindsay.  R.R.  6;  Trer.i..  Mr«. 
U.  Cresswell;  Committee  Conveners:  Prngnim: 
Misses  Harding,  Wilson;  Refreshments:  Missel- 
Stewart.  Kirlev;  Flowers.  Miss  M.  Br.ukenriilsp- 
Press.  Miss  B.  Owen;  Red  Cross  Siipph/.  Mi<-'  X 
Flett. 

A.A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    London 

Hon.  Pres.,  Mother  M.  Theodore;  Hon.  Vice 
Pres..  Sister  M.  Ruth;  Pres..  Miss  I.  Griffin; 
First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Russell;  Sec.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Miss  A.  Kelly;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  M.  Best. 
.579  Waterloo  St.;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  B.  Crawford; 
Treas..  Miss  A.  Schweitzer;  Committee  Con- 
veners: Social:  Misses  M.  Ings,  M.  Kelly;  Fi- 
nance: Misses  M.  Etue,  O.  O'Neil;  Reps,  to  Re- 
gistnj:  Misses  M.  Baker,  E.  Beger;  Pre-fs,  Mi.ss 
M.   Regan. 


A. A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    Hamiltoa 


Hon.  Pres.,  Sr.  M.  Alplionsa;  Pres.,  Mrs.  B. 
Markle;  Fir.st  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  B.  Cocker;  Treas., 
Miss  L.  Curry;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  F.  Nicholson; 
Corr.  Sec,  Miss  E.  Moran.  95  Victoria  Ave.  S. ; 
Executive:  Misses  Crane.  Dynes,  Miller,  McMa- 
namy,  Hayes,  Quinn.  Markle,  Xeal;  Entertain- 
ment, Miss  A.  Williams;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian 
Nurse,   Miss   J.   Stevenson. 


A. A.,    Hotel-Dieu,    Kingston 


Hon.  Presidents.  Rev.  Sr.  Rouble.  Mrs.  W 
Elder;  Pres..  Mrs.  W.  H.  Lawler;  First  Vice 
Pres..  Mrs.  V.  Fallon:  Sec  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  C 
Keller;  Sec.  Miss  M.  Flood,  380  Brock  St.:  Sec. 
Treas.,  Miss  D.  McGuire;  Committees:  Execu 
tive:  Mmes  Elder.  Ahern,  Hickey,  Miss  K.  Mc 
Garry;  Visiting:  Miss  A.  O'Connell.  Mrs.  A 
Thomp.son;  Social:  Misses  J.  Carty,  M.   Hinch. 


A. A.,   Victoria  Hospital,  London 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  H.  M.  Stuart;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Mrs.  A.  E.  Silverwood;  Pres.,  Mi.ss  G. 
I^rskine ;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Stevenson ; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  A.  Mallock;  Rec.  Sec. 
Miss  A.  Versteeg;  Corr.  Sec,  Mrs.  M.  Ripley. 
422  Central  Ave.;  Treas..  Miss  E.  O'Rourke.  188 
Colbourne  St.;  Publications:  Misses  L.  MacGu- 
gan.   E.   Stephens. 


A.A.,  Niagara   Falls  General   Hospital,   Niagara   Falls. 


Hon.  Pres..  Miss  M.  Parks;  Pres..  Nfrs.  D. 
Mylchreest;  Hon.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Buchanan; 
First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  R.  Livingstone;  Sec  Vice 
Pres..  .Vfiss  D.  Scott;  Sec,  Mrs.  E.  Robins,  2132 
Ker  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  M.  Cooley.  730-4th  Ave.; 
Committees:  Visiting,  Miss  R.  Wilkinson;  Edu- 
cational, Miss  J.  McN'ally;  Membership,  Miss  V- 
Wigley:  Reps,  to:  The  Canadian  Nurse  & 
R.N.A.O..  Miss  I.  Hammond;  Press.  Mrs.  Ef- 
ferick. 


O  F  I^  I  C  I  A  L    D  I  R  E  C  T  ()  R  ^' 


213 


A. A..    Orillia    Selcii«r«'    Memorial    Hospital,    Orilli' 

Honourary  Presidents,  Miss  E.  Jolinston.  Misa 
0.  Waterman;  President.  Mrs.  H.  Hamnaford; 
Vice-Presidents.  Miss  C.  Buie.  Miss  M.  MacLet- 
tand;  Treasurer.  Miss  L.  V.  MacKenzie,  21  Wll- 
Itam  St.;  Secretary,  Miss  Muriel  Givens,  23  Albert 
St.;  Directors:  Misses  S.  Dudenhoffer,  B.  McFad- 
den.  G.  Adams;  Auditort:  Miss  F.  Robertson. 
Urt.    H.    Burnet. 


A. A.,  Oshawa  General  Hospital,  Oshawa 


Hon.  Presi  'ents,  Misses  E.  MacWilliams.  B. 
Bell.  E.  Stuart;  Pres.,  Miss  M.  Green;  First 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  P.  Ricliardson ;  Sec.  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  M.  Gibson ;  Sec,  Miss  M.  Anderson ;  Corr. 
Sec..  Miss  L.  McKnight.  39  Elgin  St.  E.;  Treas., 
Miss  A.  Knott;  Committee  Conveners:  Program. 
Miss  H.  Trew,  Social,  Miss  D.  Brown;  Rep.  to 
The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  W.  Werry. 


A. A.,    Lady    Stanley    Institute     (Incorporated    1918) 
Ottawa 


urer,  Mrs.  Kalph  Snelgrove, 
West ;      Representative     to 
Ellis. 


750  Second  Avemie, 
R.N.A.O.,     Miss     P. 


A. A.,    Nicholls    Hospital,    Peterborough 

Hon.  Pres.,  Mrs.  E.  M.  Leeson,  Miss  E.  G. 
Voung;  Pres..  Miss  Lottie  Ball;  First  Vice-Pres.. 
Miss  D.  E.  MacBuen;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  J. 
Preston;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss  Florence  Scott;  Corr. 
Sec,  Miss  A.  MacKenzie,  758  George  St.;  Treas.. 
Miss  Isobel  King.  210  Antrim  St.;  Social  Con- 
veners: Mrs.  V.  Janeway.  Miss  S.  Trotted 
Flou-er   Convener.   Miss   Mae   Stone. 


A. A.,     St.     Joseph's     Hospital,     Port     Arthur 

Honourary  Piesident.  Uev.  Mother  Camillus; 
Honourary  Vice-President,  Rev.  Sister  Slieila . 
President,  Mrs.  Jack  Tiskey;  Vice-President 
Miss  Cecila  Kelly;  Secretary.  Mis.  Jack  Weir. 
419  Ambrose  St.;  Treasurer,  Miss  Millie  Reid; 
Executive:  Misses  AiU  Johnson,  Lucy  Miocich. 
Olive  Thompson.  Isabel   Hamer,   Mrs.  W.  Gedde* 


Hon.  Pres.,  Mrs.  W.  S.  Lyman ;  Pres.,  Mrs. 
\V.  E.  Caven ;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  G.  Halpenny; 
Sec,  Mrs.  P.  R.  Grant,  74  Byron  Ave.;  Treas., 
Mrs.  G.  C.  Bennett;  Board  of  Directors:  Mrs. 
Waddell,  Misses  McNiece,  McGibbon,  Flack; 
Flower  Convener,  Miss  E.  Booth ;  Representatives 
to:  Press,  Miss  G.  Halpenny;  Registry:  Misses 
M.  Slinn,  E.  Curry;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Mrs. 
V.   Boles. 


A.A..    Sarnia    General    Hospital,    Sarnia 

Hon.  Pres.,  Mi.ss  Shaw;  Pres.,  Miss  M.  Thomp- 
son: Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  V.  Galloway;  Sec,  Mis» 
F.  Morrison,  138%  N.  Front  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  I. 
Dunford;  Committee  Conveners:  Social,  Miss 
Revington ;  Program,  Mi.ss  Bloomfield ;  Flower 
&  Visiting,  Miss  Cairns;  Alum.nae  Room,  Miss 
Shaw;  Nominating,  Miss  Siegrist;  Rep.  to:  The 
Canadian   Nurse   &  Press,  Mrs.   M.   Elrick. 


A.A..    Ottawa    Civic    Hospital,    Ottawa 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  G.  M.  Bennett;  Pres..  Miss 
D,  Ogilvie;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Courlay;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  G.  Ferguson;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss 
L.  Touzel;  Corr.  Sec.  &  Press  Rep.,  Miss  Tullis. 
O.C.H.;  Treas..  Miss  D.  M.  Johnston,  98  Hol- 
land .^ve. ;  Floicer  &  Visiting;  Misses  King. 
Joyce. 


A. A.,     Stratford     General     Hospital,     Stratford 

Honourary  President,  Miss  A.  M.  Munn; 
President,  Miss  Annie  Ballantyne,  Genera) 
Hospital;  Secretary,  Mrs.  Viola  Byrick,  308 
Huron  Street;  Treasurer,  Miss  Jean  Watson, 
General  Hospital;  Committee  Conveners  :  Social, 
Miss  Bernice  Moore;  Assists:  Miss  L.  Attwood. 
Miss  M.  Mackenzie;  Flower  and  Gifts,  Miss 
M.    Murr. 


A.A.,  Ottawa  General   Hospital,  Ottawa 

Hon.  President.  Rev.  Sr.  Flavie  Domitille;  Hon. 
Vice.-Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  Helen  of  Rome;  Pres..  Miss 
Viola  Foran;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Alice  Proulx; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Rose  Therien;  Secretary- 
Treasurer.  Miss  Lucille  Brule,  95  Glen  Are.; 
Membership  Secretary,  Miss  Florence  Lepine; 
Covncillors:  Mmes  E.  Viau,  L.  Dunn,  Misses  E. 
Byrne,   M.   Prindeville.  J.   Larochelle. 


A. A.,   Mack   Training   School,    St.   Catharines 

President,  Miss  Evelyn  Buchanan;  First  Vice- 
President,  Miss  Kiomer;  Second  Vice-President. 
Miss  Ulpt;  Secretary,  Miss  Sayus,  General  Hos- 
pital; Treasurer,  Miss  McMahon;  Committee 
Conveners:  Program,  Miss  J.  Turner;  Social. 
Miss  Hastie;  Visiting,  Miss  Kirkpatrlck;  Re- 
presentatives to :  Press,  Miss  H.  Brown ;  The 
Canadian    Nurse.    Miss    A.    Brubaker. 


A.A.,    St.    Luke's    Hospital,    Ottawa 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  Maxwell,  O.B.E. ;  Pres. 
Mrs.  W.  H.  Johnston;  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  J.  Prit- 
chard;  Sec,  Mrs.  J.  Hall,  17  Openago  Rd.; 
Treas.,  Mrs.  J.  W.  Shore;  Committees:  Flowers: 
Misses  Lewis,  Craig:  Refreshments:  Misses  Nel- 
son, Allen;  Reps,  to:  Central  Registry:  Mrs. 
Brown.  Miss  Heron;  Local  Council  of  Women. 
Mrs.  Mothersill;   Pre.<)S,  Miss  Johnston. 


A. A.,    St.    Thomas    Memorial    Hospital,   St.   Thomas 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  J.  M.  Wilson;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres..  Miss  F.  Kudoha;  Pres..  Miss  E.  Stoddem: 
First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  E.  Ray;  Sec.  Mrs.  B. 
Davidson ;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  E.  Dodds.  33  Welling- 
ton St.;  Treas.  Miss  P.  Howell;  Committee 
Conveners:  Social,  Mi.ss  A.  Claypole;  Flower, 
Miss  M.  Broadlev:  Ways  &  Means.  Miss  A. 
Frver:  Reps,  to  R.N.A.O.,  Miss  B.  McGee:  Preae. 
Miss  E.  Jewell. 


A. A.,    Owen    Sound    General    and    Marine    Hospital. 
Owen    Sound 

Honourary-  Presidents.  Miss  E.  Webster,  Miss 
R.  Brown ;  President,  Miss  C,  MacKeen ;  First 
Vice-Presi'rlent,    Miss    V.    Reid ;    Secretarv-Treas- 


A.A.,    The 


Grant    Macdonald    Training    School 
for    Nurses,    Toroato 


Honorary      President.     Miss     Pearl     Morrison; 
President,  Mrs.  E.  Jacques:  Vice-President,  Misi 


214 


r  H  t:   C  .\  N  A  D  I  A  N    NURSE 


A.  Lendrum;  Recordin?  Secretary,  Mrs.  M. 
Smith,  130  Dunn  Avenue;  Corresponding  Secre- 
tary, Miss  Ivy  Ostic,  130  Dunn  Avenue;  Treas., 
Miss  Maud  Zufelt ;  Social  Convener,  Miss  B. 
Langdon. 

A. A..    Hospital    for    Sick    Children.    Toronto 

Fies..  Mrs.  D.  E.  MacKenzie;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Mrs.  W.  S.  Keith;  Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  M. 
Mclnnis;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  H.  Booth;  Corr.  Sec, 
Mrs.  W.  Ritchie.  55  Colin  Ave.;  Treas.,  Miss 
F.    Watson,    H.S.C. 


A. A.,    Riverdale    Hospital,    Toronto 

Pres..  Mrs.  S.  J.  Hubbert:  First  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  A.  Armstrong;  Sec  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M. 
Thompson ;  Sec.  Mrs.  H.  E.  Radford.  6  Neville 
Pic.  Blvd.;  Treas.,  Mrs.  T.  Fairbaim;  Conveners: 
Program,  Miss  Mathieson;  Visiting:  Mrs.  Spree- 
man.  Miss  M.  Thompson;  Reps,  to:  Press  &  Pub- 
lication. Miss  J.  Forbes;  R.N.A.O..  Miss  O. 
Gerber;    The    Canadian    Nurse,    Miss    Armstrong. 


Conncillors:  Misses  Mabel  Cunningham.  Mary 
Meikle,  Christine  Wallace,  Mrs.  J.  B.  Wadland; 
Committee  Conveners:  Flovoer,  Miss  E.  Forgie; 
Sfteial,  Miss  Dorothea  Lake:  Program.  Miss 
Maud  Fry;  Archives,  Miss  J.  M.  Kniseley:  "Tke 
Quarterly" ,    Mrs.    H.    E.    Wallace. 


A. A.,    Training    School    for    Nurses    of    the    Toronto 

East    General    Hospital    with    which    is    incorporated 

the    Toronto    Orthopedic    Hospital,    Toronto 

Honourary  President,  Miss  Ella  MacLean; 
President,  Miss  Margaret  Purvis;  Secretary, 
Miss  D.  Jean  Smith,  64  Hewitt  Avenue,  Toron- 
to; Treasurer,  Miss  Dorothy  Golden. 

A. A.,    Toronto    Western    Hospital,    Toronto 

Hon.  Presidents,  Miss  B.  Ellis,  Mrs.  C.  J. 
Currie;  President,  Mrs.  Douglas  Chant;  Vice- 
President,  Miss  Mae  Palk;  Corresponding  Secret- 
ary, Miss  Isabel  Kee.  Nurses  Residence,  T.W.H.; 
Recording  Secretary,  Mrs.  Fooks;  Treasurer,  Miaa 
Benita  Post,  Western  Hospital;  Representative 
to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Elizabeth  Westren, 


A.A.,    St.    John's    Hospital,    Toronto 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sr.  Beatrice;  Pres.,  Miss  M.  Mar- 
tin; First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  D.  Whiting;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres..  Miss  M.  Creighton ;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss 
M.  Anderson ;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  M.  Riches,  St. 
John's  Convalescent  Hospital;  Treas.,  Miss  A. 
Greenwood;  Entertainment  Convener,  Miss  R. 
Ramsden ;  Visiting  Convener,  Miss  L.  Richard- 
son ;   Rep.  to  Press,  Miss  E.  Price. 


A. A.,   Wellcsley   Hospital,   Toronto 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  K.  Jones;  Pres.,  Miss  J. 
Harris;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Stanton;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Johnston;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss 
G.  Schwindt;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  M.  Russell,  4 
Thurloe  Ave.;  Treas.,  Miss  J.  Brown;  Treas. 
Sick  Fund,  Miss  D.  Good;  General  Committee: 
Misses  E.  Cowan,  J.  Hayden,  B.  Calvert,  J. 
Laird.   H.   Wark,   G.   Bolton,   Mrs.  Reeve. 


A. A.,   St.   Joseph's   Hospital,   Toronto 

I'les.,  Miss  T.  Hushiii ;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss 
M.  Goodfriend;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  V.  Smith; 
Rec.  Sec.  Miss  M.  Donovan ;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss 
M.  T.  Caden,  474  Vaughan  Rd.;  Treas.,  Miss  L. 
Hill;  Entertainment  Convener,  Mrs.  J.  Shapley; 
Program  Convener.  Miss  M.  Kelly;  Representa- 
tive  to  R.N.A.O.,   Miss   C.    Knaggs. 


A. A.,    Women's    College    Hospital,    Toronto 

Honourary  President,  Mrs.  Bowman;  Honourar; 
Vice-President.  Miss  H.  T.  Melklejohn;  PresI 
dent,  Mrs.  S.  Hall,  860  Manning  Ave.  ; 
Recording  Secretary,  Miss  Isabel  Hall,  Women** 
College  Hospital;  Treasurer,  Miss  W.  Worth. 
93  Searbora  Beach  Blvd.;  Representative  lo 
The   Canadian   Nurse,   Miss   Mary   Clialk. 


A. A.,    St.     Michael's     Hospital,     Toronto 

Hon.  Pres..  Sister  Mary  of  the  Nativity;  Hon. 
Vice-Pres.,  Sr.  Mary  Kathleen;  Pres..  Miss  Do- 
reen  Murphy;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  R.  Moore; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  M.  Stone ;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss 
M.  McRae;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  M.  Hughes.  32  Glen- 
holme  Ave.;  Treas..  Miss  C.  Cronin;  Councillors: 
Misses  L.  Regan,  E.  Crocker,  C.  Hammill ;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  Pi-ess,  Miss  P.  Harding;  Mag. 
Editor.  Miss  M.Crowley;  Assoc.  .Membership,  yirs. 
R.  Slingerland;  Reps,  to:  Hospital  &  School  of 
Nursing  Section,  Miss  G.  Murphy;  Public  Health 
Section,  Miss  L.  Larsen ;  Local  Council  of  Wo- 
men. Mrs.  T.  Scully. 


A. A.,    School    of    Nursing,    University    of    Toronto, 
Toronto 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  K.  Russell;  Hon.  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  F.  H.  Emory;  Pres.,  Mrs.  M.  McCutcheon; 
First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  M.  Macfarlanrl;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres..  Miss  E.  Crvderman :  Sec,  Miss  M. 
Nicol.  226  St.  George  St.;  Treas..  Miss  D. 
McPherson ;  Committee  Conveners:  Membership. 
Mrs.  C.  Smith;  Endowment  Fund.  Miss  E. 
Fraser;  Program,  Miss  J.  Wilson;  Social,  Miss 
B.  Ross. 


A. A..    Toronto   General    Hospital,    Toronto 

President.  Mrs.  E.  S.  Jeffrey;  First  Vice- 
President,  Miss  Ethel  Crvderman :  Second  Vice- 
President,  Mrs.  R.  F.  Chisholm;  Secretary-Trea- 
surer, Mrs.   F.  B.  G.  Coombs,   1585  Bloor  St,  W.; 


A. A.,    Ontario    Hospital,    New    Toronto 

Hon.  Presidents,  Miss  E.  Rothery,  Miss  C 
Brock;  Pres.,  Miss  E.  Moriarty;  First  Vice-Pres.. 
Miss  R.  Osborne;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss  E.  McCalpin: 
Corr.  Sec,  Miss  L.  Chartrand.  Ontario  Hospital; 
Treas..  Mrs.  E.  Claxton;  Committee  Conveners: 
Program.  Miss  O.  Strand;  Social,  Miss  L.  Ulalr; 
Visiting  &  Florcer,  Miss  E.  Alderton ;  Rep.  to  Tht 
Canadian  Nttrse,  Miss  M.  Garrett. 


A.A.,  Grace   Hospital,   Windsor 

President,  Adjutant  Gladys  Barker;  Vice 
President,  Miss  Phyllis  Hardcastle;  Secretary, 
Miss  Jeanette  Ferguson,  Grace  Hospital;  Trea.*- 
urer.  Miss  Jean  Galloway;  Echoes'  Editor,  Ad- 
jutant Gladys  Barker. 


A. A..     Hotel-Dieu,     Windsor 

Hon.  Pres.,  Rev.  Mother  Marie;  Hon.  Vice 
Pres..  Sr.  C.  Maitre:  Pres..  Miss  J.  Thomas; 
First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  E.  Cox;  Sec.  Vice  Pres., 
Miss  J.  Curry;  Sec.  Miss  .\.  McNulty;  Corr. 
Sec,  Sr.  Marie  Roy.  Hotel-Dieu:  Treas..  Mi.sg 
L.  Arisenault;  Visiting  Committee:  Misses  M. 
May.   B.    Beuglet. 

A. A.,  General  Hospital,   Woodstock 

Pres..  Miss  Mary  Matheson;  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs. 
Jack  Town;  Sec.  Miss  A.  Aitcheson;  Ass.  Sec, 
Miss    M.    I.    Matheson:    Treas.,    Miss    A.    Amott; 


OFFICIAL    DIRECTORY 


215 


Ass.  Treas.,  Miss  K.  Mahon ;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  E. 
Rickai^d,  211  Wellington  St.;  Committee  Conve- 
ners: Flowers  &  Gifts:  Misses  M.  Hodgins.  N. 
Smith;  Program,  Miss  M.  Gillespie;  Social,  Mrs. 
King;  Eep.  to  Press,  Miss  B.  Calvert. 


QUEBEC 


A. A..  Childrcn'i  Memorial  Hoipital,  Mentraal 

Hon.  President!!.  Misses  A.  S.  Kinder,  E.  Alex 
ander;  Pres..  Miss  J.  E.  Cochrane;  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  E.  Fraser;  Sec,  Miss  M.  MacNaught. 
Children's  Memorial  Hospital;  Treas..  Miss  E. 
Richardson;  Committee  Conveners:  Social,  Ml«s 
.M.  Robinson;  Visiting,  Miss  E.  Wilsey;  Repre 
lentatives  to:  Private  Duty  Section,  Miss  A.  J. 
O'Dell:    The   Canadian    Nurse,   Miss    H.    Nuttall. 


A. A.,  Homoeopathic  Hospital,  Montreal 

Hon.  Pres.  Miss  V.  Graham;  Pres.,  Miss  N. 
Gage;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  J.  Morris;  Sec,  Miss 
M.  Stewart,  865  Richmond  Sq.;  Treas..  Mrs.  E. 
Warren :  Conveners :  Sick  Benefit,  Mrs.  War- 
ren;  Visiting:  Misses  Campbell,  Currie;  Pro- 
gram, Miss  Macdonald;  Refreshment,  Miss  Per- 
ron :  General  Nursing  Section :  Misses  Allnutt, 
Snas;;en-Taylor. 

A. A,     Lachine     General     Hospital,     Lachinc 


llonoiirani'  President,  Miss  L.  M.  Brown; 
I'lesident,  Miss  Ruby  Goodfellow:  Vice-Presi- 
lent.  Miss  Myrtle  Gleason ;  Secretary-Treasurer, 
Mrs.  Byrtha  Jobber,  60-.5ist  Ave..  Dixie — La- 
•liiiie;  General  Nursing  Representative,  Miss 
Unity  Goodfellow;  Executive  Committee:  Mrs. 
Unrlnw.   Mrs.   Gaw,   Miss  Dewar. 


Miss  F.  Munroe;  Second  Vice-President  .Miss  H. 
Sharpe;  Recording  Secretary,  Miss  K.  Stanton: 
Secretary-Treasurer,  Miss  G.  A.  K.  Moffat,  Royal 
Victoria  Hospital ;  Board  of  Directors  (without 
office;:  Miss  E.  C.  Flanagan,  Mrs.  E.  O'Brien: 
Conveners  of  Standing  Committees:  Finance, 
Mr.N.  11.  Fetherstonhaugh ;  Program,  Miss  G. 
Veat.«.;  Scholarship,  Miss  H.  Sharpe;  General 
Siirsing,  Mrs.  A.  F.  Robertson ;  Conveners  of 
Other  Committees:  Canteen,  Miss  B.  Campbell; 
Red  Cross,  Mrs.  F.  E.  McKenty;  Visiting,  Miss  E. 
Reid;  Representatives  to:  The  Canadian  Nurse 
Miss  G.  Martin ;  Local  Council  of  Women.  Mrs 
Vance  Ward.  Miss  K.  Dickson. 


A.A.,    St.    Mary's    Hospital,     Montreal 


Hon.  Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  Rozon;  Pres.,  Miss  1. 
Goring;  Vice-Pres..  Miss  T.  deWitt;  Sec,  Mis.* 
P.  Owens;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  P.  McKenna,  432S 
Girouard  Ave.;  Treas.,  Miss  E.  Quinn;  Committees: 
Entertainment:  Misses  E.  O'Hare,  M.  Smith,  M. 
Morris,  Mrs.  Latremoille;  Visiting:  Misses  R 
Bradley,  N.  Callahan,  M.  Collins;  Press:  M{sse!> 
R.  Prendergast,  I.  OIney. 


A.A.,    School    for    Graduate    Nurses. 
McGill    University,    Montreal 

Pres.,  Miss  Margaret  Brady;  Vice-Pres.,  Mis* 
Winnifred  McCunn ;  Sec. -Treas.,  Miss  Elsie  All- 
der,  Royal  Victoria  Hospital;  Conveners:  Flora 
M.  Shaw  Memorial  Fund,  Mrs.  L.  H.  Fisher; 
Program,  Miss  R.  Lamb,  Representatives  to: 
Local  Council  of  Women,  Mrs.  J.  T.  Allan. 
Mrs.  J.  R.  Taylor,  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  F. 
Lamont. 


A. A..     Woman's     General     Hospital,     Westmount 


(.'Association    des    Gardes-Malades    Diplomees. 
Hopital     Notre-Dame,     Montreal 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sr.  Papineau ;  Hon.  Vice-Pres.. 
•»r.  Dreary;  Pres.,  Miss  E  Merizzi;  First  Vice- 
Pre.s..  Miss  M.  Gagnon :  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss 
C.  Fr^geau;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss  G.  Roy;  Corr.  Sec, 
Miss  I,.  Deguire;  Assoc.  Sec,  Miss  M.  Leroux: 
Councitfors:  Misses  G.  Latour.  B.  Magnan,  M. 
I.ussier. 


Hon.  Presidents.  Misses  Trench.  Pearson;  Pres.. 
Miss  C.  Martin;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  Tellier: 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  Crewe;  Corr.  Sec,  Mrs. 
Davis.  5946  Waverley  St.;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  Van 
Buskirk;  Treas..  Miss  Francis;  Committees: 
Visiting:  Mrs.  Chisholm,  Miss  G.  Wilson;  Social: 
Misses  Linton,  Yellin,  Chananie;  Rep.  to  The 
Canadian   Nurse.  Mi.ss   Francis. 


A. A..    Jcffery    Hale's    Hospital,    Quebec 


A. A.,    Montreal    General    Hospital,    Montreal 

Hon.  Presidents,  Miss  Webster,  Miss  Tedford; 
Hon.  Treasurer.  Miss  Dunlop;  President,  Mi.ss 
Catherine  Anderson;  First  Vice-President  Miss 
Bertha  Birch:  Secon.i  Vice-President.  Miss  Mary 
Long;  Recording  Secretary,  Mi.ss  Jean  McNair; 
Corresponding  Secretary.  Miss  Mabel  Shannon. 
Nurses  Home.  Montreal  General  Hospital;  Trea- 
surer. Miss  Lsabel  Davies;  Committees:  Execu- 
tive: Misses  M.  K.  Holt.  A.  Whitney.  H.  Bartsch. 
E.  Robertson,  Mrs.  F.  Johnston;  Program:  Misses 
M.  Batson  E.  Denman.  K.  Anneslev;  Refresh- 
ment: Mis.ses  Clifford  rconvener).  Michie.  A. 
Scott.  B.  Broadhurst.  M.  McQuarrie:  Visiting: 
Misses  M.  Ro.ss.  B.  Miller.  H.  Christian:  Repi-e- 
sentatives  to:  General  Nursling  Section:  Misse.s 
A.  Whitney.  M.  McLeod.  C.  Pope.  J.  Ross:  Local 
Council  of  Women:  Misses  A.  Costigan.  M.  Ste- 
vens;  The   Canadian   Nurse:   Miss  C.  Watling. 


A. A.,     Royal     Victoria     Hospiul,     Montreal 

Hon.   President,   Miss   Mabel    F.    Hersev:    Presi- 
dent.   Mrs     R.    A.    Taylor;    Finst    Vice-President. 


Pres..  Mrs.  A.  W.  G.  Macalister;  First  Vice- 
Pres.,  Mre.  L.  Teakle;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  G. 
Weary;  Sec.  Miss  M.  G.  Fischer.  .305  Grande 
Allee;  Treas..  Mrs.  W.  D.  Fleming:  Councillors: 
Misses  Wolfe,  Kennedy,  Fitzpatrick,  Ross,  Mrs. 
Pfeiffer:  Committees:  Refreshment:  Misses  Kirt- 
sen,  Jones,  Warren,  Dawson;  Visiti7ig:  Misses 
Douglas  (convener),  Martin,  Mmes.  Raphael. 
Gray;  Program:  Mmes.  Young,  Teakle,  Misses 
Lunam.  Douglas;  Reps,  to:  Private  Duty  Sec 
fion:  Misses  Walsh.  Perry:  The  Canadian  Nurse, 
Miss  N,   Humphries. 


A. A..    Sherbrooke    Hospital.    Sherbrooke 


Hon.  Pres..  Miss  V.  Beane;  Pres.,  Mrs.  }t. 
Skinner;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  F.  Steigmeir; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  G.  Sangster:  Rec.  Sec. 
Miss  X.  Arguin:  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  R.  Forward. 
51  Melbourne  St.;  Treas.,  Mrs.  H.  Grundy: 
Convener,  Entertainment  Committee,  Mrs.  H 
MacCallum :  Reps,  to:  Private  Duty  Section. 
Miss  P.  Gough;  The  Canadian  Nurse.  Mrs.  G 
Burt. 


216 


T  H  t:    C  A  N  A  D  I  A  N   NURSE 


SASKATCHEWAN 

A. A.,    Regina   General   Hospital,    Rcgina 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  D.  Wilson:  Pres.,  Miss  M. 
Brown;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  A.  Palmquist; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  N.  Edwards;  Sec.  Miss  E. 
Meyer.  General  Hospital;  Treas..  Miss  J.  Hamp- 
ton; Committees:  Refreshment:  Miss  H.  Lusted, 
B.  Walton:  Flower:  Misses  B.  Langstaff.  E. 
Frostad;  Reps,  to-  Local  Paper.  Miss  L.  Dahl ; 
The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  J.  Allison. 

A.A..    Saskatoon    City    Hospital,    Saskatoon 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  Howard;  Pres.,  Miss  M. 
Chisholm:    Vice-Pres.,   Miss   Collins,   Miss   Grant: 


Kec.  Sec.  Miss  D.  Bjarnason ;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss 
D.  Duff.  S.C.H.;  Treas.,  Miss  E.  Graham;  Con- 
veners: Ways  &  Means,  Mrs.  C.  Fletcher;  Social. 
Mrs.  J.  Gibson;  Program.,  Mrs.  H.  Atwell;  Red 
Cross,  Mrs.  T.  Binnie;  Visiting  &  Flower,  Miss 
V.  Bergren;   Press,  Miss  M.  Fofonoff. 


A. A.,    Yorkton    Queen    Victoria    Hospital,    Yorkton 


Honourary  President.  Mrs.  L.  V.  Barnes; 
President.  Mrs.  W.  Sharpe;  Vice-President, 
Miss  V.  Wilkinson;  Secretary.  Mrs.  T.  E.  Dar- 
roch.  39  Haultain  Avenue;  Treasurer,  Miss  G. 
Zimmer;  Social  Convener.  Mrs.  J.  Parker;  Coun- 
cillors: Mrs.  H.  Ellis.  Mrs.  Sam  Dodds,  Miss 
L.    Wilson. 


Associations  of  Graduate  Nurses 


Uveroaras      Nursing     Ststcri      A»«oci«iioti 
of    Canada 

Pres.,  Miss  F.  Munroe,  Royal  Victoria  Hos 
pital,  Montreal;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  C.  M 
Watling.  Montreal ;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  H.  Paice 
Montreal;  Third  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  B.  Anderson 
Ottawa;  Sec-Treas.,  Miss  E.  Frances  Upton 
Ste  1019.  Medical  Arts  BIdg..  Montreal;  Re 
present»tives  from  Local  Unit:  Mrs.  C.  E.  Bi 
saillon.  7.53  Bienville  St..  Apt.  5,  Montreal 
Miss  M.  Moag.  V.  O.  K.,  Montreal. 


BRITISH   COLUMBIA 

Kamloops  Graduate  Nurses  Association 
Pres.,  Mrs.  Markley;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  O.  Gar- 
rood;  Sec,  Miss  E.  Davis,  Royal  Inland  Hos- 
pital; Trea-s.  Miss  F.  Aberdeen;  Covxmittee  Con- 
veners: Program,  Mrs.  R.  Howard;  Social,  Mrs. 
S.  Da'gleish;  Ways  &  Means,  Miss  M.  Williams; 
Meml>er.>ihip,  Miss  Naylor;  Representatives  to 
The   Canadian   Nurse,  Misses  J.   Norquay,   Turn- 

iHlll. 

Nelson    Registered  Nurses   Association 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  V.  B.  Eidt;  Pres.,  Miss  Turn 
bull;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  B.  Laing;  Sec.  Vice 
Pres.,  Miss  B.  Hayden ;  Sec,  Miss  H,  Tompkins 
Kootenay  Lake  Gen.  Hospital;  Treas.,  Miss  G 
Carr;  Committees:  General  Nursing,  Miss  K 
Scott;  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  V 
Eidt;  Public  Health.  Miss  N.  Dunn;  Ways  & 
Means.  Miss  E.  Sutherland:  Social  &  Program 
Miss  .M.  Bower:  Visiting,  Miss  N.  Murphy;  Mem 
bership.  Miss  J.  Boutwell;  Library,  Mrs.  A 
O'Connor:  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  M 
Ross. 

New    Wcslnunsicr   Graduate   Nurses    Association 

Honourary  President,  Miss  C.  E.  Clark:  Presi- 
dent, Miss  E.  Wrightman:  First  Vice-President. 
Miss  E.  Beatt:  Second  Vice-President.  Miss  E. 
Scott  Gray:  Secretary.  Miss  B.  Donaldson.  243 
Keary  Street:  Treasurer.  Miss  T.  Eyton ;  Re- 
presentatives to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Mrs.  J 
L.    Wright.    Miss    B.    Catherall. 

Trail    Registered    Nurses    Association 
President,    Miss   Marjory    Fletcher;    Vice-Presi- 
dent.    Miss     Edythe    Crosson ;     Secretary,    MIn 


Phyllis  Slader.  Nurses  Residence,  Trail-Tadanac 
Hospital,  Trail;  Treasurer,  Miss  Eileen  Somer- 
ville;  Representative  to  The  Canadian  Nurse, 
Miss   Joyce   Greenwood. 

Vancouver    Graduate    Nurses     Association 

President.  Miss  J.  E.  Jamieson;  First  Vice 
President.  Miss  F.  McQuarrie;  Second  Vice-Pre* 
ident.  Miss  F.  Kirkpatrick;  Secretary,  Miss  M 
Buchanan.  Vancouver  General  Hospital;  Trea 
•jurer.  Miss  M.  Mirfield;  Councillors:  Misses  M 
Motherwell.  M.  Henderson.  L.  Dodds.  K.  Lee,  Mrs. 
B.  >felvi!le:  Committee  Conveners:  Ways  & 
Means.  .Miss  E.  Paulson;  Program,  Miss  A.  Reid; 
Directory.  NJiss  M.  Gray;  Visiting,  Miss  L.  Drys- 
dale;  Local  Council  of  Women:  Miss  M.  Camp- 
bell. Mrs.  DeSatge;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Mis» 
G.  Conquest;  Press,  Mrs.  F.  Engley. 

Victoria   Graduate   Nurses    Association 

Honourarj'  Presidents,  Sister  Mary  Giegory. 
Miss  Lena  Mitchell ;  President,  Miss  Ethel  Gray : 
First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Z.  Harmon ;  Sec.  Vice 
Pres..  Miss  M.  Plunkett;  Rec  Sec.  Miss  K 
Gann;  Corr.  Secretary,  Miss  J.  Engelhardt.  St 
Joseph's   Hospital;   Treas.,   Miss   E.   Sniallwood. 


MANITOBA 


Brandon  Graduate  Nurses  Association 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  E.  Birtles,  O.B.E.;  Pres.,  Mrs. 
S.  Purdue;  Vice-Pres..  Miss  M.  Morton,  Sec, 
Miss  A.  Crighton.  Brandon  General  Hospital; 
Treas.,  Mrs.  J.  Selbie;  Registrar,  Miss  C.  Mac- 
leod;  Conveners:  Red  Cross,  Mrs.  H.  McKenzie; 
Social,  Miss  M.  Trotter;  Press.  Miss  W.  Mitchell: 
General  Nursing,  Miss  G.  Lamont;  Rep.  to  The 
Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  G.   Kennettle. 


QUEBEC 


Montreal    Graduate    Nurses    Association 

President,  Miss  Effie  Killins;  First  Vice-Pres.. 
Miss  Clarice  Smith;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Lil- 
lian MacKinnon ;  Hon.  Sec-Treas.,  Miss  Doro- 
thy Shoemaker,  1230  Bishop  St.;  Director  of 
Nur.ting  Registry,  Miss  E.  B.  Ross,  1234  Bishop 
St.  Regular  meetings  second  Tuesday  January, 
first    Tuesday    April,    October,    and    December. 


I  VOLUME  SjS 
NUMBER     4 

APRIL 

19     4      2 


int 


%  Canadian 

Nurses 

Association 

General 

Meeting 

June  22-26,  1942 

Montreal,  Que. 


^  Lenten  Roses 


Photograph    made    by : 
Kathleen  I.  Sanderson,  Keg.  N. 
See  Page   224 


CANADIAN 
NURSE 


WN  ED       AND       PUBLISHED       BY« 
THE    CANADIAN     NURSES     ASSOCIATION 


U.  I've  heard  that  canners  just  use  the  surplus  crops. 
Is  that  true? 

A.  No.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  many  of  the  varieties  used  for 
canning  can  not  be  obtained  in  any  other  form.  Most 
canners  contract  for  their  crops  for  canning,  months  in 
advance.  They  usually  specify  the  variety  of  fruit  or 
vegetables  wanted.  And  in  many  cases  this  means 
furnishing  seeds  or  plants  especially  developed  for  their 
purposes,  (i) 

American  Can  Company,  Hamilton,  Ontario; 
American  Can  Company  Ltd.,  Vancouver,  B.C. 


(i)  1939.  Agr.  Expt.  Sta.  Univ.  Wisconsin,  Bui.  444. 
1939.  Univ.  Maryland  Agr.  Expt.  Sta.  Bui.  425. 
1937.  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.  Farmers  Bui.  1253. 
1937.  Univ.  Illinois  Agr.  Expt.  Sta.  and  Extension 
Service  in  Agr.  and  Home  Econ.  Circular  472. 
1929.  Univ.  Maryland  Agr.  Expt.  Sta.  Bui.  318. 


Now   Babies  Need  Suffer  Fewer  Digestive   Upsets 


Thanks  to 


^0^ 


OMOCENIZED 

(EXTRACE  LLULAR) 


BABY  FOODS 


Photomicrograph        of 
vegetables  after 

careful      straining. 
Note    coarse     texture. 


Danger  of  severe  digestive  upsets  caused  by  fermentation  of  undigested 
food  in  the  intestinal  tract  has  prevented  most  doctors  from  adding  nutritious 
solid  foods  to  the  diet  of  the  very  young   infant. 

Even  when  carefully  strained,  vegetables  and  fruits  contain  too  many 
coarse  fibres  and  indigestible  particles  for  the  digestive  juices  of  the  young 
baby  to  break  up  and  assimilate.  Yet  vegetables  and  fruits  contain  nutri- 
tious  elements   and   minerals    necessary   to   a   well-balanced   diet. 

A  process  far  superior  to  straining,  called  Homogenization,  has  been 
perfected  by  Libby's.  This  process  breaks  up  all  coai-se  fibres  and  food  cell 
walls,  makes  the  food  so  fine  and  smooth  that  it  is  easily  and  quickly  digested, 
placing  little  or  no  strain  on  the  infant  digestive  system.  In-vitro  digestion 
tests  showed  that  Libby's  Homogenized  Vegetables  digested  more  completely 
in  30  minutes  than  strained  vegetables  in  two  hours.  Bulk  necessai-y  for 
normal  elimination  is  retained,  but  refined  so  that  it  should  not  irritate  the 
delicate  intestinal  tract  of  the  infant. 

Also  Homogenization  breaks  up  the  food  cell  walls,  releasing  the  nutrient 
enclosed  inside  for  easier  assimilation  —  so  Libby's  Homogenized  Baby  Foods 
yield  more  nutrient  than  an  equal  amount  of  food  strained  commercially  or 
at  home. 

Babies  as  young  as  six  weeks  have  been  fed  Libby's  Homogenized  Baby 
Foods  with  no  digestive  upsets  and  doctors  will  immediately  recognize  the 
value  of  these  foods   in  early  solid  food   feeding. 


FREE  SAMPLES  and  descriptive  literature  will  be 
mailed  on  request  to  physicians  and  pediatricians. 
Please  address  your  requests  to  Libby,  McNeill  & 
Libby  Laboratories,  Chatham,  Ontario. 


Photomicrograph  of 
vegetables  after  Ho- 
mogenization by  Lib- 
by'a  exclusive  pro- 
cess. Note  how  food 
cells  are  broken  up, 
texture  refined. 


10     BALANCED     ^fK^Y     FOOD      COMBINATIONS: 

Tli*t*  combination*  of  Homogenized  Vagatabief,  ceraol,  foup,  and  fruits  moko  it  oasy  for  tho 
Doctor  to  prascribo  a  variety  of  solid  foods  for  infants 


Peas, 
beets, 
asparagus. 

Pumpkin, 
tomatoes, 
green  beans. 


Whole  milk, 
whole  wheat, 
soya  bean  flour. 

Prunes, 

pineapple  juice 
lemon  juice. 


3 


Peas, 

carrots, 

spinach. 


6 


Soup — carrots,  celery, 
tomatoes,  chicken  liv- 
ers,    barley,     onions. 


A  meatless  soup  — 
consisting  of  celery, 
potatoes,  peas,  car- 
rots, tomcitoes,  soya 
flour,  and  barley.  Can 
be  fed  to  very  young 
babies. 


An  improved  fruit  com- 
bination —  Bananas, 
apples,  apricots  are 
combined  to  give  a 
nutritious  fruit  com- 
bination that  is  very 
tasty. 


10 


An  "all  Green" 
vegetable  combina- 
tion— Many  doctors 
have  asked  for  this. 
Peas,  spinach  and 
green  beans  are 
blended  to  give  a 
very  desirable  vege- 
table product. 

Tomatoes,  carrots 
and  peas — These 
give  a  nev/  vege- 
table combination  of 
exceptionally  good 
dietetic  properties 
and  flavour. 


And  In  Addition^  Three  Single  Vegetable  Products  Specially  Homogenized 

CARROTS  — PEAS  — SPINACH    and 

LIBBY'S    HOMOGENIZED    EVAPORATED   MILK 

Made  in  Canada  By 

LIBBY,    McNeill  &  LIBBY    OF  CANADA  LIMITED.  Chatham,  Onf. 


217 


Head  Colds  Checked 

with  3  drops  in  each  nostril 


PRIVINE   "Ciba 


tt 


(1:1000   solution    of   2-(naphthyl-l-ntethyl) -imidazoline   hydrochloride) 

NASAL  DROPS 

Clinical  investigations  on  Privine  Nasal  Drops  have  proved  that 
they  are  excellently  suited  for  the  treatment  of  all  forms  of  naso- 
pharyngeal affections. 

In  head  colds,  a  few  moments  after  the  instillation  of  3  drops  of 
Privine  in  each  nostril,  the  headache  and  sensation  of  heaviness  in 
the  head  disappear,  while  the  nasal  respiration  becomes  easier,  the 
watering  of  the  eyes  stops,  the  voice  regains  its  normal  tone  and 
the  sense  of  smell  is  restored. 

Privine  is  also  of  exceptional  prophylactic  value;  two  or  three 
drops  of  this  medicament  in  each  nostril  as  soon  as  the  first  signs  of 
a  cold  appear,  will  prevent  further  spread. 

ISSUED: 

In  bottles  of  I/2  ounce  with  dropper 

A  professional  sample  for  personal  use  will  gladly  be  furnished  upon  request. 

CIBA  COMPANY  LIMITED  -  MONTREAL 


218 


MUM  REFRESHING 

'ftp'  Ma^  u^a^^ 


FOR 

SANITARY  NAPKIN  USE 


MUM  is  such  an  efficient  deodorizer  for  use  on 
the  sanitary  napkin.  A  small  quantity  is  eflfective 
against  tell-tale  odors  for  many  hours.  Soothing, 
freshening,  non-irritant. 

You  know,  of  course,  how  thoroughly  MUM  combats 
stale  perspiration  odors  under  arms  and  in  other 
sweat  gland  areas.  It's  grand  for  use  on  patients,  to 
make  the  sickroom  more  pleasant.  And  you'll  love 
the  luxury  of  MUM  for  hot,  tired  feet. 

MUM  is   a  snow^y-white  vanishing   cream. 
Does  not  stain  clothing.  Does  not  interfere  with 
normal  sweat  gland  activity. 

BRISTOL-MYERS  COMPANY  •  1241-00  Rue  Benoit,  Montreal,  Canada. 


MUM    1^K^%    THE    ODOR    OUT    OF    STALE    PERSPIRATION 


219 


DEODORANT 


Safely 

stops  perspiration 

1  to  3  days 

Non-Greasy  .  .  .  Stainless  .  .  .  Takes  odor 

from   perspiration 
Use   before   or  after  shaving 
Non-irritating  .   .  .   won't  harm   dresses 
No   waiting  to  dry  .   .   .  vanishes  quickly 
GUARANTEE — Money  refunded  if  you 
don't  agree  that  this  new  cream  is  the 
best  deodorant  you've  ever  tried!  The 
Odorono  Co.,  Ltd.,  980  St.  Antoine 
Street,  Montreal,  P.Q. 


Good  Housekeeping^ 


1  Full  Oz.39  f*— Not  Just  A  HalfOz. 


^OFALL  in  ^^mrwi 
uiT/MATE^mNen 

{OF  ANY  /^mON 
IMUST  DEPEND"! 


%« NATIONS  FOOD  DRINK 


"The    Ideal    Aperient 
for  Babies  and  Children 

%ei^t7j7ens  POWDERS 

Experienced  Nurses  know  that  these  fam- 
ous English  powders  are  ideal  for  fret- 
ful babies — during  teething — to  relieve 
feverishness  and  constipation — whenever  a 
safe  and  gentle  laxative  is  needed.  Fre« 
samples  gladly  supplied,  also  copies  of 
concise  practical  booklet,  "Hints  to 
Mothers". 

Address  JOHN  STEEDMAN  &  CO.. 
Dept.   10,  442   St.   Gabriel  Street,  Montreal. 


Maple  Leaf  Alcohols 

Medicinal  Spirits,  Iodine  Solution,  Ab- 
solute Ethyl  B.P.,  Rubbing  Alcohol, 
Denatured     Alcohol,     Absolute     Methyl. 

Adapted  to  hospital  service.  Tested  pre- 
cisely from  raw  materials  to  finished 
product.  All  foi-mulae  according  to  Do- 
minion Department  of  Excise  Specifica- 
tions   and    the    British    Pharmacopoeia. 


CANADIAN 
INDUSTRIAL   ALCOHOL 
COMPANY.    LIMITED         ,^_^-, 
Montreal    Corbyville    Toronto  ?: 

Winnipeg  Vancouver 


ah^! 


s^f*^^ 


Menthola  turn 
checks  gathering 
of  mucus  .  .  .  re- 
lieves   stuffed. 

I  choked  nostrils . . . 

I  helps  clear  your 
nose  and  keep  it 
clear.  Jeurs  and 
tubes,  30c.  I1M 


MENTHDLATUM 

Gives  COMFORT  Daily 


^^'^^ 


270 


inL 


aiyiiaivi 


V loryvial  ^J^emoqiobin    cJ^eueld 


^ 


HEMATINIC  PLASTULES 


PJeMATINIC  Plastules  provide  ferrous  iron  in  small  soluble  elastic  capsules  —  a  modern, 
convenient  dosage  form.  Where  iron  therapy  is  indicated,  Hematinic  Plastules  can  usually  be 
relied  upon  to  bring  about  steady,  rapid  rise  in  hemoglobin.  Their  administration  is  seldom 
complicated  by  gastric  disturbance. 

Hematinic  Plastules  are  an  economical  iron  preparation  especially  effective  for  the  treatment 
of  the  iron  deficiency  anemia  of  pregnancy,  for  chronic  blood  loss,  or  post-infection  anemia. 

Hematinic  Plastules  Plain  are  available  in  bottles  of  75  and  Hematinic  Plastules  with  Liver 
Concentrate  in  bottles  of  50. 

JOHN  WYETH  &  BROTHER  (Canada)   Limited,  Walkerville 


221 


The    Canadian   Nur 

Registered  at  Ottawa,   Canada,   as  second  class  matter. 

Editor   and  Business   Manager: 

BTHBL  JOHNS,  Reg.  N.,   1411   Crescent  Street,  Montreal,  P.Q. 


se 


CONTENTS  FOR  APRIL,  1942 

Sharing  the  Task      --____         _         ---227 

The  Red  Cross  Chcoses  a  Consultant  -------  228 

Psychiatric  Principles  in  Nursing  Practice   -        -        -        -R.    0.   Jones  229 

Nursing  Care  of  Fractures         -        -        -         -    M.  Ward  and  E.  Robson  233 

Overseas  Mail-        ----______  238 

The  Provinces  Go  into  Action     -         -        -         -        -        -  K.  W.  Ellis  239 

Notes  from  the  National  Cffice          -------  243 

Our  Unique  Resources       -------    M.    Myers  247 

Planning  a  Refresher  Course     --__-_    M.Botsford  249 

Obituaries        -----______  250 

Health— an  Experience  for  All  -         -         -         -         -    E.  M.  McDowell  251 

A  Difficult  Case       -         -         -         ~         -          -    K.  Magee  and  M.  Seacock  253 

Letters  from  Sweden          _-_____£',  Lyster  254 

In  Honour  of  Miss  Samuel          -         -         -         -         -         -    E.    Archer  257 

Nursing  Care  in  Colostomy         -         -         -        -         -         -    S.    Mingle  259 

Book  Reviews  -----------261 

News  Notes     --__----__-  268 

Off  Duty         _---_______  278 


Subscription  Price t   ^2.00  per  year;   foreign  and  United  States  of  America,  ^2.90;  20  eeat*  a  copy. 

Cheques   and    money   orders   should   be  made   payable   to   The   Canadian    Nurse.   When   remittiag   by 
cheque    15    cent*    should   be   added    to    coyer   exchange. 

Pleaae    address    all    correspondence    to: 
Editor,    The    Canadian    Nurse,    1411    Crescent    Street,    Montreal,    P.Q. 


222 


COMFORT 


If  your  prescription  for  a  vaginal  douche  reads— 
"Lorate— use  as  directed,"  you  have  the  assurance 
that  your  patient  obtains  these  benefits: 

A  pleasant  scented  powder  that  is  suitable  for  the 
preparation  of  a  hot,  tepid,  or  cold  irrigation,  its  deter- 
gent action  always  equally  effective  .  . . 

A  douche  that  is  well  adapted  for  routine  cleansing 
after  menstruation;  douching  after  childbirth  and  after 
gynecological  operations;  as  a  detergent  in  leukorrhea. 
Trichomonas  vaginalis  and  other  forms  of  vaginitis;  in 
cervicitis;  for  pessary  wearers,  and  as  a  deodorant  in 
conditions  attended  by  fetid  discharge. 

Lor  ate  is  a  skillful  blend  of  sodium  perborate,  sodium 
bicarbonate,  and  sodium  chloride,  with  menthol  and 
aromatics. 

If  you  desire  a  trial  supply  of  Lorate,  please  write  a  request 
on  your  letterhead.  Lorate  is  supplied  in  8-ounce  containers. 

WATER6URY  CHEMICAL  CO.  OF  CANADA,  LTD. 
727  King  Street,  West  •  Toionto,  Ont. 


223 


Reader's  Guide 


In  this  issue,  considerable  space  is  de- 
voted to  the  General  Meeting  of  the  Cana- 
dian Nurses  Association.  The  official  pro- 
gramme appears  under  the  caption  of  Notes 
from  the  National  Office  and  is,  in  itself, 
convincing  evidence  that  you  ought  to  come 
to  Montreal  in  June.  If,  however,  you  stand 
in  need  of  further  persuasion  you  will  find 
it  in  the  leading  article  which  suggests  that 
there  is  a  job  to  be  done  and  that  we  all 
ought   to  lend  a  hand. 


Military  censorship  being  what  it  is,  news 
from  abroad  is  hard  to  come  by.  Never- 
theless, thanks  to  several  of  our  kind  cor- 
respondents, Overseas  Mail  does  give  some 
inkling  of  how  things  are  going.  If  you 
have  any  private  letters  which  might  be 
shared  with  our  readers  we  should  be  very 
grateful  if  you  would  send  them  on  to  us. 


Nothing  could  be  more  practical  than  the 
suggestions  given  us  by  Dr.  Robert  Jones 
concerning  the  application  of  psychiatric 
principles  in  nursing  practice.  The  vivid 
case  histories  serve  to  illustrate  a  most  en- 
lightening and  stimulating  discussion.  Dr. 
Jones  is  the  head  of  the  psychiatric  depart- 
ment of  Dalhousie  University,  Halifax,  N.S. 


Once  more  we  acknowledge  our  debt  to 
the  staff  nurses  group  at  the  Toronto  Gen- 
eral Hospital.  Through  the  good  offices 
of  the  indefatigable  convener,  Miss  Mary 
Macfarland,  we  obtained  the  excellent  ar- 
ticle on  fractures  written  by  Marion  Ward 
and  Evelyn  Robson.  Mrs.  Ward  is  head 
nurse  in  the  ward  for  workmen's  compen- 
sation patients  and  Miss  Robson  is  a  sur- 
gical supervisor.  The  illustrations  were  made 
from  photographs  furnished  through  the 
courtesy  of  the  official  hospital  photo- 
grapher. 


the  fight  for  a  patient's  life.  Yet  it  is 
worthwhile  to  carry  on  until  the  very  end 
for  one  can  never  be  sure  that  the  battle 
is  lost.  In  this  issue,  two  private  nurses  give 
a  vivid  picture  of  an  effort  doomed  to  fail- 
ure but  nevertheless  worthwhile.  They  are 
K.  Magee  and  M.  Beacock  and  they  prac- 
tise their  profession  in  Regina,  Saskatche- 
wan. 


A  strong  plea  for  a  better  understanding 
on  the  part  of  teachers  and  nurses,  of  the 
functions  that  each  group  is  trying  to  ful- 
fil, is  made  by  Edith  M.  McDowell  who  is 
a  health  teacher  in  the  Provincial  Normal 
Schools  in  Winnipeg.  Miss  McDowell  has 
previously  established  an  enviable  reputa- 
tion in  the  field  of  nursing  education  and 
is  keenly  aware  of  the  importance  of  co- 
ordinated effort. 


In  recent  years  there  has  been  a  tendency, 
in  educational  circles,  to  decry  the  appren- 
ticeship system  and  other  forms  of  learning 
by  doing.  Fortunately,  the  tide  seems  to  be 
turning  and  the  value  of  vital  experience  as 
a  factor  in  learning  is  once  more  receiving 
the  attention  it  deserves.  Marion  Myers 
writes  of  the  unique  resources  which  are 
at  our  disposal  if  only  we  are  alert  enough 
to  recognize  them  and  to  turn  them  to  prac- 
tical use  in  the  teaching  of  nurses.  Miss 
Myers  is  instructor  of  nurses  in  the  School 
of  Nursing  of  the  Saint  John  General  Hos- 
pital. 


A   private   nurse   knows  better   than  any- 
one   else    how    heart-breaking   it   is    to   lose 


Two  years  ago,  at  Easter,  the  cover  of 
the  Journal  carried  a  picture  of  wild  cherry 
blossom.  Our  readers  were  so  delighted  with 
it  that  we  decided  to  follow  the  precedent 
thus  established,  so  last  Easter  we  offered 
a  spray  of  Annunciation  lilies.  These  ex- 
quisite photographic  studies  were  both  made 
by  Lillian  Wooding,  a  Victorian  Order 
Nurse.  This  Easter,  the  artist  is  Kathleen 
I.  Sanderson,  honorary  secretary  of  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association,  Already  we 
have  a  beautiful  flower  picture  in  reserve 
for  ne.xt  Easter. 


224 


Main  Dishes,  Vegetables  And  Desserts 
For  Toddlers! 


13  Highly  Nutritive  Heinz  Junior 

Foods,    Prepared     With    Scientific 

Skill  and  Care! 


/^AREFULLY  prepared  according  to 
^^  special    recipes    de' 


Nutritious   Vegetable 
Beef  Dinner 

A  hearty,  nourishing  main  dish, 
consisting  of  finest  grade  vege- 
tables and  chopped,  prime  lean 
beef  with  broth  and  barley  .  .  . 
high  in  nutritive  value. 


eveloped  after 
years  of  research  by  Heinz  experts 
working  in  co-operation  with  the  Mel- 
lon Institute,  Heinz  Junior  Foods  are 
as  nutritious  as  they  are  tasty!  The  same 
vitamin-retaining  steam  process  used 
in  the  preparation  of  Heinz  Strained 
Foods  is  employed  in  preparing  many 
Junior  jFoods.  And  all  of  them  are 
packed  in  protenive  enamel-lined  tins! 

For  extra  nutritive  value,  ingredients 
such  as  brewers  yeast,  soybean  flour, 
wheat  germ  and  whey  powder  have 
been  added  to  several  of  these  mildly 
seasoned  dishes.  And  of  course  all  1  3 
kinds  are  backed  by  the  same  73-year 
tradition  of  quality  that  supports  all 
of  Heinz  57  Varieties!  You'll  find  that 
the  toddlers  in  your  care  will  enjoy 
the  flavours  of  these  delicious  main 
courses,  vegetables  and  desserts! 

H.  J.  Heinz  Company  of  Canada,  Ltd, 

For  Tiny    Tots    Heinz    Strained 

Floods    Are  Appetizing 

And    Nutritious 


HEINZ 


JUNIOR    FOODS 


225 


Lj  ecause  it  has  a  pleasant  taste!  That's 
one  reason  why  patients  appreciate  your  consider- 
ation in  recommending  Para-Syllia,  Abbott,  when  a 
laxative  is  indicated.  It  does  not  have  that  oily  taste 
BO  disagreeable  to  many  individuals,  but  on  the  con- 
trary has  a  delicate  flavor  of  which  one  does  not  tire. 
Likewise,  its  oil  base  is  so  finely  divided  that  embarras- 
sing oil  "leakage"  seldom  occurs.  Other  important 
advantages  are  that  it  is  an  emidsion  containing 
80%  heavy  mineral  oil  against  35  to  65%  for  similar, 
widely  advertised  products;  it  pours  readily  and  if 
desired  can  be  mixed  with  hquid  or  solid  food; 
its  action  is  purely  mechanical;  and  it  con- 
tains no  sugar  or  digestible  carbohydrates, 
hence  may  be  ignored  in  caloric  calcula- 
tions. Para-Syllia  is  supplied  in  16-fluid 
ounce  bottles  either  plain,  for  ordinary 
cases  of  constipation,  or  with  0.32% 
phenol  phthalein    for    obstinate    cases. 
Literature  will  be  sent  on  request.  Abbott 
Laboratories  Limited,  20  Bates  Road, 
Montreal. 


Para-Syllia 


226 


CANADIAN   NURSE 

A  MONTHLY  JOURNAL  FOR  THE  NURSES  OP   CANADA 
PUBLISHED  BY  THE  CANADIAN  NURSES  ASSOCIATION 


VOLUME  THIRTY-BIGHT 


NUMBER  FOUR 


APRIL,    1942 


Sharing  the  Task 


The  programme  for  the  forthcoming 
General  Meeting  of  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association  appears  in  this  issue 
of  the  Journal  under  the  caption  of 
Notes  from  the  National  Office.  Read 
it  over  carefully  and  see  what  you  think 
of  it.  Our  prediction  is  that  you  will 
forthwith  decide  to  come  to  Montreal 
in  June  and  to  take  an  active  part  in 
what  promises  to  be  one  of  the  must 
important  meetings  the  Association  has 
ever  held. 

The  success  of  a  meeting  of  this  kind 
depends  upon  several  factors.  First  of 
all,  there  must  be  a  definite  conviction 
of  the  need  of  our  coming  together  and 
a  clear  understanding  of  what  we  hope 
to  accomplish  by  doing  so.  Then  there 
must  be  a  selective  process  which  places 
emphasis  where  it  belongs  and  makes 
sure  that  the  content  of  the  programme 
is  balanced  accordingly.  Last  but  not 
least,  there  must  be  inspired  and  dyna- 
mic leadership. 

With  these  criteria  in   mind  look  at 


the  programme  again.  There  can  cer- 
tainly be  no  doubt  that  our  need  for 
taking  counsel  with  one  another  has 
been  kept  in  mind.  For  the  past  two 
years  it  has  been  necessary  to  hold 
emergency  executive  meetings  in  widely 
separated  parts  of  the  country  because 
events  moved  so  swiftly  that  action 
could  not  be  postponed.  The  issues  at 
stake  were  so  important  that  key  nurses, 
other  than  those  who  are  members  of 
the  executive  committee,  were  called 
upon  to  help  in  dealing  with  them  wise- 
ly. Now  the  time  has  come  when  every 
nurse  in  Canada  must  take  her  full 
share  of  responsibility  for  these  and 
other  decisions  which  may  have  a  far- 
reaching  effect  upon  the  future  of  the 
nursing  profession  in   Canada. 

This  statement  particularly  applies  to 
the  younger  nurses  who  are  now  com- 
ing into  prominence  in  the  nine  provin- 
cial associations.  Promotion  is  rapid 
these  days  and  it  will  not  be  long  before 
they    are    in    the    front    ranks.    There 


APRIL,  1942 


227 


228 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


could  be  no  better  introduction  to  the 
national  and  international  aspects  of 
nursing  than  will  be  afforded  by  the 
meeting  in  Montreal.  Look  at  the 
names  of  those  who  are  to  speak  to  us. 
The  High  Commissioner  for  the  United 
Kingdom,  the  Right  Honourable  Mal- 
colm MacDonald,  will  have  much  to 
say  that  will  broaden  our  conception 
of  the  Commonwealth  of  Nations.  The 
indomitable  president  of  the  Interna- 
tional Council  of  Nurses,  Miss  Effie 
Taylor,  will  tell  us  of  the  gallant  strug- 
gle which  is  being  made  to  keep  the 
nurses  of  the  world  in  touch  with  one 
another  in  spite  of  war.  Those  who 
have  not  heard  Julia  Stimson,  president 
of  the  American  Nurses  Association, 
give  one  of  her  straight  from  the  shoul- 
der talks  have  something  to  look  for- 
ward to.  Now  let  us  look  nearer  home. 
A  whole  session  will  be  devoted  to  a 
discussion  of  how  we  may  safeguard 
nursing   and,    under   the    dynamic   lea- 


dership of  Miss  Marion  Lindeburgh, 
this  will  surely  be  a  most  inspiring  oc- 
casion. Miss  Kathleen  Ellis  is  to  give 
a  progress  report  of  her  activities  as 
emergency  nursing  adviser;  and  Miss 
Kathleen  Russell  will  interpret  the  sig- 
nificance of  the  joint  conference  which 
took  place,  during  the  winter,  between 
representatives  of  departments  of  nurs- 
ing in  universities  and  the  members  of 
the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Cana- 
dian  Nurses   Association. 

Other  important  questions  will  come 
up  for  discussion  which,  while  national 
in  scope,  are  also  directly  related  to  the 
affairs  of  the  provincial  Associations  of 
Registered  Nurses.  Unity  of  purpose  can 
best  be  achieved  by  a  free  and  friendly 
debate  in  which  the  voice  of  every  Pro- 
vince makes  itself  heard.  This  is  no  time 
to  count  pennies.  Every  Association 
should  send  good  representatives,  and 
plenty  of  them. 

-E.J. 


The  Red  Cross  Chooses  a  Consultant 


The  vast  enterprises  carried  on  by 
the  Canadian  Red  Cross  Society  touch 
nursing  at  so  many  points  that  even  to 
name  them  is  to  demonstrate  how  close 
the  relationship  is  between  the  Society 
and  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association. 
The  principal  link  is  the  joint  enrolment 
plan  whereby  nurses  are  enlisted  for 
emergency  and  war  service.  Then  there 
are  the  outpost  hospitals  and  other  nurs- 
ing services  maintained  and  directed  by 
the  Society  ajid,  in  the  public  health 
field,  the  preventive  and  educational 
work  of  the  Junior  Red  Cross. 

In  view  of  these  complex  inter-rela- 
tionships, it  has  been  the  policy  of  the 
Society  to  appoint  an  outstanding  nurse 


to  serve  as  a  consultant.  Until  her  un- 
timely death,  Jean  Isabel  Gunn  ren- 
dered magnificent  service  in  this  capa- 
city and  it  is  a  profound  satisfaction  to 
learn  that  the  Society  has  now  invited 
Miss  Kathleen  Russell,  director  of  the 
School  of  Nursing,  University  of  To- 
ronto, to  assume  this  heavy  responsi- 
bihty.  A  better  choice  could  not  have 
been  made.  Miss  Russell  possesses  all 
the  qualifications  which  are  required 
in  an  interpreter  of  the  aims  and  ideals 
of  both  groups  and  that  she  will  re- 
ceive their  loyal  support  goes  without 
saying.  She  carries  with  her  to  her  new 
task  the  admiration,  respect  and  con- 
fidence of  the  nurses  of  Canada. 


Vol.  38  No.  4 


Psychiatric  Principles  in  Nursing  Practice 


Robert  O.  Jones,  M.D. 


The  intelligent  nurse  is  now  an  ab- 
solute necessity  to  the  practice  of  medi- 
cine in  any  of  its  branches.  In  other 
words,  nursing  has  developed  to  the  sta- 
tus of  a  profession,  and  as  such,  its  needs 
must  be  considered  as  part  of  the  great 
problem  of  health  education.  With  the 
attainment  of  this  position,  it  behooves 
the  nursing  profession  to  prepare  them- 
selves for  rendering  complete  health 
care  to  the  patient  and  this  can  only 
be  done  by  following  the  other  bran- 
ches of  medicine  in  the  recognition  of 
the  fact  that  our  function  is  treating 
people  and  not  isolated  disease  entities. 
It  is  necessary  for  the  nurse  to  become 
"behaviour  conscious"  and  to  have  an 
awareness  of  the  fact  that  the  patient 
cannot  be  separated  from  his  disease  or 
his  situational  setting. 

The  word  health  must  take  on  a  lar- 
ger meaning,  including  not  only  phy- 
siologic functioning,  but  intelligence 
capacities,  emotional  attitudes,  family 
relationships,  habit  training,  and  social 
organization.  The  nurse  must  learn  to 
regard  the  activities  of  human  beings  as 
behaviour,  to  be  interpreted,  planned 
for  and  treated,  instead  of  conduct  to  be 
judged  according  to  tradition  and  pre- 
cedent and  other  criteria  based  on  ar- 
bitrary standards.  Some  people  are  in- 
stinctively endowed  with  ability  to  see 
that  which  is  not  obvious  in  the  life  of 
patients;  some  can  acquire  this  ability 
with  training  in  the  behavioristic  scien- 
ces of  psychiatry,  psychology  and  socio- 
logy; and  some  can  never  become  con- 
scious of  these  facts  whatever  training 
they  may  receive. 

What  are  the  facts  that  these  sciences 
offer  as  aid  in  nurses  work?  It  is  essen- 
tial to  insist  that  the  things  which  we 


are  to  talk  about  apply  just  as  much  to 
each  of  us  as  they  do  to  patients.  The 
reactions  which  go  to  abnormal  lengths 
in  patients  are  present  to  a  lesser  degree 
in  us  all.  They  may  go  to  abnormal 
lengths  in  any  of  us  and,  unless  they  are 
recognized  and  dealt  with,  can  hinder 
effectual  work  with  patients.  With  in- 
creasingly rigid  restrictions  of  entrance 
to  nursing  schools,  and  probation  periods, 
much  poor  material  is  weeded  out.  But, 
unfortunately,  attention  is  focused  on 
school  marks  or  a  clergyman's  recom- 
mendation of  moral  character,  with  little 
attention  being  paid  to  the  candidate's 
habitual  emotional  reactions  to  the  dis- 
couragements and  fatigues  of  daily  life 
or  whether  she  is  the  sort  of  personality 
that  dissolves  like  a  pricked  balloon  un- 
der pressure.  Psychiatry  would  urge  the 
study  of  personal  prejudices,  attitudes, 
and  values,  so  that  these  will  not  inter- 
fere with  productive  aid  to  patients. 
Emphasis  should  be  placed  on  the  most 
recent  advance  of  worker-patient  rela- 
tionship :  that  the  patient  is  a  collaborator 
in  treatment  and  not  a  passive  agent. 
The  first  thing  that  we  should  be 
aware  of  is  that  each  individual  is  a  law 
unto  himself.  Men  are  not  created  equal 
but  differ  in  three  essential  aspects  of 
personality  make-up  —  the  intellectual, 
the  biological  and  the  temperamental. 
To  estimate  these  capacities,  we  have 
tests  of  science  and  tests  of  life,  and  the 
latter  are  amazingly  informative  if  we 
do  but  heed  them.  Psychology  has  given 
us  the  intelligence  test  which  has  shown 
us  that  25  percent  of  school  children  are 
mentally  retarded  and  will  never  be  able 
to  get  beyond  the  fourth,  fifth,  or  sixth 
grade,  no  matter  how  well  they  are 
taught;   that  ten  percent  more  are  dull 


APRIL,  1942 


229 


230 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


normals  with  mentalities  ranging  from 
12,  13,  14  years.  They  also  are  not  high 
school  material.  If  these  children  are 
followed  out  into  life,  they  are  usually 
found  to  be  just  below  the  poverty  line, 
even  in  times  of  prosperity.  They  can- 
not be  skilled  laborers.  If  forced  into 
any  line  of  work,  or  subjected  to  the 
s'"rain  of  family  responsibilities,  they  sink 
deeper  into  the  rut  of  poverty,  poor 
health,  delinquency,  nerves. 

Our  biological  endowments  are  also 
unlike.  Some  of  us  are  built  more  stur- 
dily than  others,  the  so-called  pyknic 
habitus.  Others  are  of  frail  slender  as- 
thenic build.  Some  seem  to  be  put  to- 
gether the  wrong  way  from  the  stand- 
point of  sensitivity  and  hyper-irritability. 
This  group  are  apt  to  show  the  so-called 
neurotic  trait  —  prolonged  enuresis, 
stuttering,  easy  vomiting,  asthma,  spas- 
tic colon.  They  are  reacting  with  a  va- 
riety of  symptoms  to  stresses  and  strains. 
Temperament  is  perhaps  the  phase  of 
personality  make-up  that  shows  the 
greatest  variation.  In  general,  the  psy- 
chologist divides  people  into  introverts 
or  the  ingrowing,  and  extroverts  or  the 
outgoing.  It  is  in  the  estimation  of  tem- 
peramental stamina  that  the  test  of  life 
is  of  the  most  importance.  We  find  that 
the  ingrowing  persons  —  the  shy,  sensi- 
tive, reticent,  stand-offish  —  are  more 
apt  to  react  to  life's  difficulties  with 
bends  or  breaks. 

Science  can  do  nothing  to  change  in- 
tellectual endowment,  little  to  aid  phy- 
sical and  temperamental  endowment, 
but  one  can  at  least  teach  the  victim 
and  his  environment  to  understand  his 
limitations.  He  can  be  taught  how  to 
live  with  these  limitations  without  shame 
and  energy-exhausting  strivings,  and 
the  educational  and  vocational  processes 
may  be  directed  in  keeping  with  what 
he  is  capable  of  doing.  A  great  deal  of 
misery  and  poor  mental  health  could  be 


averted  if  we  could  teach  human  beings 
to  be  content  to  live  within  their  capa- 
cities. It  is  good  psychology  to  teach  peo- 
ple to  take  responsibility,  but  it  is  asking 
for  trouble  to  load  responsibilities  on 
them  without  first  making  sure  that  they 
have  the  endowments  to  carry  them. 

Another  extremely  important  contri- 
bution of  the  behavioristic  sciences  to 
our  understanding  of  human  beings  and 
human  nature  is  the  development  of  a 
working  concept  of  body  and  mind  rela- 
tionships. A  human  being  functions  as 
a  whole,  and  not  in  segments  of  mind 
and  body.  Every  state  of  mind  affects 
every  cell  of  the  body.  If  one  is  discon- 
tented, unhappy,  fed  up,  depressed,  one's 
physiology  registers  these  emotional 
s'^ates.  Nutrition  declines,  metabolism 
slows  up,  gastric  secretion  diminishes, 
gastrointestinal  motility  is  slowed,  men- 
ses become  irregular  or  may  cease.  With 
opposite  states  of  mind,  such  as  elation 
and  excitement,  the  opposite  changes  oc- 
cur. It  is  conservatively  estimated  that 
40  percent  of  the  men  and  women  who 
complain  of  poor  health  have  no  abnor- 
mal physical  findings  associated  with 
their  complaints.  We  call  them  psycho- 
neurotics. To  tell  these  patients  there  is 
nothing  wrong  with  them  is  false.  Their 
complaints  are  just  as  real  as  if  there 
were  actual  lesional  pathology.  Progres- 
sive medicine  recognizes  that  these  na- 
tients  are  unconsciously  making  their 
bodies  the  scapegoats  of  all  sorts  of  wor- 
ries and  strains  —  economic,  domestic 
and  marital  conflicts.  Consequently,  we 
spend  a  great  deal  of  time  trying  to 
understand  and  help  them. 

If  we  are  to  interpret  health  as  a  mat- 
ter of  happiness  and  success,  we  must 
achieve  an  understanding  of  our  own 
personal  problems  so  that  they  may  not 
block  the  path  to  insight  into  the  pa- 
tient's difficulties.  It  is  necessary  frankly 
to  recognize  that  emotions  are  the  dy- 


Vol.  38  No.  4 


PSYCHIATRIC    PRINCIPLES 


231 


namos  of  human  behaviour,  not  intellect 
and  so-called  brains.  Emotions,  impul- 
ses, instincts  hold  the  deciding  vote  in 
most  situations.  It  is  difficult  to  be  hon- 
est and  to  admit  that  most  of  the  things 
we  do  are  what  we  want  to  do,  and  not 
because  there  are  good  rational  reasons 
for  doing  them.  It  is  conservatively  esti- 
mated that  70  percent  of  so-called 
■"nerves",  ranging  from  general  ner- 
vousness to  full-fledged  insanities,  repre- 
sent the  accumulation  of  poor  methods 
•of  meeting  strains  throughout  individual 
life. 

The  position  of  the  nurse  in  dealing 
Avith  this  sort  of  illness  is  of  particular 
importance.  She  is  with  the  patient  day 
:after  day  and  upon  her  tact,  judgment, 
and  patience  the  patient's  response  to 
treatment  may  well  depend.  To  you  he 
looks  for  encouragement  and  confidence. 
Through  your  eyes,  he  views  the  hospi- 
tal and  treatment  situation,  and  discus- 
•ses  many  intimate  matters  that  he  can- 
jiot  get  his  own  consent  to  bring  to  the 
attention  of  his  physician.  Upon  your 
attitude  and  outlook  on  life  he  patterns 
his  point  of  view.  These  problems  are 
not  part  of  psychiatry  fer  se,  but  enter 
into  the  relationship  with  every  patient 
treated,  be  it  only  a  simple  fracture.  Too 
•often  such  an  injury  brings  serious  per- 
sonal problems  to  the  patient,  who  does 
not  receive  adequate  treatment  unless 
these  are  recognized  and  dealt  with. 

In  what  ways  are  people  apt  to 
meet  the  difficulties  that  are  en- 
countered throughout  life?  The  com- 
monest reaction  is  that  of  down-hearted- 
ness  and  discontent  with  the  job  and 
living  situation,  and  the  desire  to  pitch 
"both  and  do  something  else.  This  re- 
action varies  all  the  way  from  doldrums 
of  fatigue,  headache,  and  irritability  to 
varying  degrees  of  frank  depression  to 
the  point  of  actual  psychosis  with  in- 
.ability  to  sleep,  loss  of  weight  and  appe- 


tite, and  suicidal  pre-occupations.  Ano- 
ther common  reaction  to  strain  is  the 
development  of  worry  over  bodily  sen- 
sations of  discomfort  which  in  reality 
represent  physiological  protests  of  emo- 
tional states,  but  are  associated  with  fears 
of  disease  in  the  patient's  mind.  Medical 
assurance  that  we  are  physically  alright 
does  not  help  much  —  the  indigestion, 
heartburn,  spastic  colon,  and  palpitations 
continue.  Often,  there  are  attacks  of 
smothering  with  fears  of  impending 
death,  the  common  anxiety  attacks  are 
added,  and  then  fears  of  cancer,  tuber- 
culosis, syphilis,  and  what  not.  The  in- 
dividual drifts  into  a  ritual  of  diets  and 
rest  periods,  and  heroic  self-medication. 

Another  common  reaction  is  the  ac- 
centuation of  sensitiveness  to  the  point 
of  feeling  that  all  criticism  and  advice 
and  counsel  represent  deliberate  nagging 
and  perhaps  plotting  to  be  rid  of  the  per- 
son or  have  him  off  the  job.  He  retires 
more  and  more  into  himself,  stays  away 
from  friends,  and  does  not  go  out  to 
social  and  recreational  functions.  Soon 
every  remark  and  action  is  misinterpre- 
ted as  a  part  of  a  concerted  attempt  to 
follow  or  spy.  This  type  of  reaction  is 
the  most  dangerous  of  all  because  the 
victim  never  gets  on  a  talking  basis  about 
his  difficulties.  The  first  suspicion  of  the 
onlookers  that  all  is  not  well  is  when  he 
does  some  utterly  bizarre  act,  says  that 
the  food  is  poisoned,  or  hears  imaginary 
voices.  Then  we  diagnose  insanity  and 
are  tempted  to  believe  that  that  is  the 
practice  of  psychiatry. 

A  fourth  type  of  reaction  to  the 
strains  of  life  is  taking  refuge  in  drugs 
of  which  alcohol  is  the  commonest.  For- 
merly one  believed  that  the  alcoholic 
was  a  person  whose  tissues  had  a  phy- 
siological craving  for  alcohol.  At  Belle- 
vue  Hospital,  which  I  should  think  is 
the  greatest  testing  ground  in  the  world 
for  alcoholics,  it  has  been  shown  that  in 


APRIL,  1942 


232 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


the  5000  drug  and  alcoholic  addicts 
studied,  except  for  10  percent  whose 
addiction  was  induced  by  unwise  medi- 
cal therapy,  the  remaining  90  percent 
used  drugs  and  alcohol  as  a  poor  refuge 
from   meeting   their   own   difficulties. 

I  should  like  to  briefly  illustrate  some 
of  these  situations  by  cases  which  have 
been  seen  in  the  Psychiatric  Department 
of  Dalhousie  University.  A  woman  aged 
36  years  complained  of  indigestion,  nau- 
sea, and  vomiting.  Previous  attacks  have 
been  thoroughly  investigated  by  all  pos- 
sible methods  and  no  lesion  has  ever 
been  found.  On  closer  attention  to  the 
history,  it  is  found  that  this  attack,  as 
well  as  all  previous  ones,  came  directly 
after  the  birth  of  her  child  —  this  one 
is  her  eighth.  The  first  three  pregnancies 
caused  no  difficulty.  As  well  as  the  com- 
plaints mentioned,  she  was  sad  all  the 
time,  cried  a  good  deal,  felt  slowed  up 
in  all  her  work,  did  not  dare  look  at  the 
future  she  felt  so  hopeless  and  found 
nothing  that  she  could  enjoy.  In  her  own 
words  she  said  —  "Doctor,  I  don't 
know  what  is  the  matter  but  I'm  sick 
all  over".  This  is  an  excellent  descrip- 
tion of  a  depressive  state,  the  original 
complaints  being  merely  the  most  trou- 
blesome features  in  the  sweeping  disorder 
or  perhaps  the  only  ones  which  would 
receive  attention  by  the  medical  pro- 
fession. The  reason  for  her  depressive 
reaction  became  apparent  when  one 
knew  what  personal  meaning  pregnancy 
had  for  her.  She  had  married  because 
she  was  illegitimately  pregnant  and, 
since  then,  had  one  baby  after  the  other. 
^Vith  each  there  was  mounting  resent- 
ment against  her  husband,  who  she 
vaguely  felt  responsible  for  the  whole 
situation  and  coals  were  heaped  on  the 
fire  when  he  refused  to  give  his  consent 
to  any  contraceptive  measures.  Trapped 
with  nothing  to  do  but  go  on  having 
children  as  long  as   fertility  lasted,  the 


depressive  reactions  following  pregnancy 
represent  the  only  way  of  expressing  her 
disgust  and  resentment.  Treatment  con- 
sists in  ventilating  these  ideas  through 
discussion,  giving  reassurance  and  en- 
couragement and  attempting  to  make  a 
better  life  adjustment  when  the  illness 
has  passed. 

Another  woman,  aged  thirty-eight, 
had  vague  pelvic  complaints  for  which 
one  physician  advises  an  operation  while 
a  second  refuses  such  treatment.  She  is 
mildly  depressed,  sleeping  poorly,  has  no 
pep  and  terribly  irritable  and  jumpy. 
After  a  short  talk  it  became  apparent 
that  there  is  sufficient  economic  stress 
and  marital  disharmony  to  cause  symp- 
toms, but  the  urgent  problem  is  not  un- 
earthed until  she  is  given  an  opportunity 
to  express  frankly  what  she  thinks  is 
causing  her  illness.  She  immediately  re- 
plies "Of  course  I  know  I  have  can- 
cer" —  and  goes  on  to  say  that  when 
physicians  disagree,  and  will  tell  you 
nothing  about  the  sickness,  everyone 
knows  that  this  means  the  patient  has 
cancer  and  she  is  quite  certain  she  will 
die  in  the  immediate  future.  Relief  is 
obtained  by  explaining  the  true  dilemma 
in  which  medicine  finds  itself  when 
physical  findings  are  not  clear  and  gain- 
ing her  co-operation  to  work  along 
more  constructive  lines. 

A  man,  aged  forty-two,  has  outbursts 
of  temper  in  which  he  throws  things. 
He  complains  that  he  cannot  work  be- 
cause as  soon  as  he  goes  into  a  public 
place  he  feels  that  his  bowels  will  move 
and  he  does  not  dare  to  stay.  It  develops 
that  he  has  had  a  frank  syphilitic  psy- 
chosis of  the  G.P.I,  variety  that  has 
been  adequately  treated  with  malaria 
and  that,  while  he  still  has  intellectual 
defects  left,  there  is  nothing  to  explain 
the  present  behaviour.  However,  he  soon 
pours  forth  his  remorse  and  shame  at  his 
illness    and    liis    feelings    that    everyone 


Vol.  38  No.  4 


NURSING    CARE    OF    FRACTURES 


233 


knows  of  it  and  talks  of  it.  This  is  what 
gives  him  anxiety  in  public  places  and 
leads  to  the  feeling  of  diarrhoea.  The 
situation  is  intensified  by  his  wife's  severe 
attitude  concerning  the  illness  and  her 
misconceptions  concerning  infectious- 
ness and  consequent  danger  to  the  chil- 
dren. By  interviewing  her,  many  of  her 
fears  were  set  at  rest,  the  man  was  able 
to  see  the  way  in  which  his  own  fears 
had  affected  him  and  is  now  able  to  at- 
tend shows,  go  to  church,  and  above  all, 
has  obtained  part-time  work. 

Now  here  is  the  material  that  modern 
psychiatry  feels  it  should  treat.  These 
are  emphatically  not  crazy  people,  and 
none  of  them  would  ever  be  candidates 
for  asylums  but  present  everyday  medi- 
cal complaints.  This  is  material  that  con- 
cerns human  health  and  human  wel- 
fare and  constitutes  this  chaotic  world 
in  which  we  are  struggling  to  hve.  Can 
we  say  that  wrestling  with  it  is  the  job 
of  the  ministry,  the  teacher,  the  social 


worker,  the  parents,  and  not  the  busi- 
ness of  nurse  and  doctor? 

The  psychiatric  implications  of  gene- 
ral nursing  practice  are  not  the  nursing 
care  of  psychiatric  illnesses,  such  as 
delirium  or  depressions,  for  this  consti- 
tutes specialized  psychiatric  nursing.  The 
nurse  doing  general  duty  should  realize 
that  patients  are  human  beings  with 
complaints,  feelings,  fears,  happiness, 
success,  and  failures,  hopes  and  dreads 
for  the  future,  and  not  merely  collec- 
tions of  hearts,  lungs,  and  kidneys, 
where  a  few  bugs  are  temporarily  lod- 
ged. Psychiatry  recognizes  the  impor- 
tance of  physical  disease  and  urges  the 
best  treatment,  but  in  such  treatment  the 
patient  who  has  the  disease  must  not  be 
excluded.  With  the  recognition  of  this 
fact,  the  function  of  the  psychiatrist 
changes  from  a  person  interested  only 
in  crazy  people  to  one  who  is  equipped 
to  help  those  who  are  having  difficulties 
in  adjusting  to  life  situations. 


Nursing  Care  of  Fractures 

Marion  Ward  and  Evelyn  Robson 


In  any  hospital,  be  it  large  or  small, 
there  are  always  a  number  of  fracture 
cases.  Our  anatomy  is  made  up  of 
200  bones  of  various  shapes  and  sizes, 
any  of  which  may  be  fractured  at  any 
time  should  injury  occur.  Motor  ac- 
cidents, industrial  accidents,  sports  (es- 
pecially winter  ones)  contribute  largely 
towards  the  increasing  number  of  frac- 
tures sustained  in  our  present-day,  fast- 
moving  world.  On  page  49  of  the 
Red  Cross  Manual,  "Emergencies  in 
War",  the  transportation  of  fractures  is 
dealt  with  very  helpfully,  so  attention 
will  be  confined  to  treatment  following 
admission  to  hospital. 


When  the  injury  occurs  to  some 
extremity,  whereby  reduction  of  the 
fracture,  followed  simply  by  application 
of  a  plaster  cast,  allows  the  patient  to 
be  up  and  about,  the  nursing  problem 
is  an  easy  one.  Even  in  cases  in  which 
open  reduction  has  to  be  performed  and 
the  patient  is  still  free  to  move  about 
in  bed,  the  nursing  care  can  be  confined 
to  following  conscientiously  these  basic 
rules.  First,  be  sure  that  the  circula- 
tion of  fingers  and  toes  is  satisfactory 
at  all  times.  Excess  plaster  should  be 
washed  off  the  skin  on  return  from  the 
operating  theatre.  Blueness,  swelling, 
pallor  and  coldness  are   definite   symp- 


APRIL,  1942 


234 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


toms  that  something  is  wrong.  An  easy 
test  is  that  of  pressure  on  toe  or  finger 
and  if,  when  that  pressure  is  released, 
the  colour  is  slow  to  return,  we  may  be 
sure  of  interference  in  circulation.  There 
should  be  no  time  lost  in  reporting  this 
condition.  If  not,  there  is  danger  of 
paralysis  which  may  even  prove  per- 
manent. Secondly,  a  nurse  must  be 
constantly  alert  for  signs  of  pressure 
under  casts  or  at  the  edges  where  a 
rough  surface  may  soon  cause  trouble 
to  a  tender  skin.  Realizing  the  value 
of  prevention,  a  wise  nurse  at  once 
protects  the  part  by  binding  the  rough 
edges  with  oil  silk  or  adhesive.  Thirdly, 
it  is  essential  that  the  nurse  do  her 
utmost  to  keep  casts  clean,  dry  and 
efficient.  Lastly,  the  danger  of  foot- 
drop  must  be  recognized  and  guarded 
against  in  all  fractures  of  the  lower 
extremities.  Support  may  easily  be 
provided    by    simple    means:    a    box,    a 


Fracture  of  cervical  spine  with  calipers 
and  extension. 

Courtesy  of  Dr.  R.  I.  Harris 


board,  a  bolster,  or  even  a  hard  pillow 
against  the  foot  of  the  bed. 

Special  nursing  care  is  necessary  with 
fractured  femora  and  fractured  spines 
although,  in  the  former,  present-day 
surgery  has  advanced  so  far  that  the 
nurses'  task  is  lighter  than  it  was  some 
years  ago.  One  great  advance  in  treat- 
ing this  type  of  fracture  is  the  Smith- 
Petersen  pin.  When  this  method  is 
used,  the  patient  does  not  require  a 
plaster  cast,  and  in  a  short  time,  is 
allowed  to  move  freely  in  bed.  Conse- 
quently, there  is  little  danger  of  pressure 
sores  and  not  much  discomfort.  The 
period  of  confinement  to  bed  is  not  long, 
a  matter  of  relief  to  all  concerned  es- 
pecially if  the  patient  be   elderly. 

In  a  case  of  fractured  femur  where 
dislocation  has  occurred  and  extension 
is  required  to  bring  about  the  desired 
position  of  the  parts,  the  use  of  the 
Kirschner  wire  and  caliper  splint  in 
conjunction  with  weights  and  the  Bal- 
kan Frame  overhead,  provides  a  fairly 
comfortable  position  for  the  patient  and 
still  affords  the  nurse  opportunity  to 
keep  the  patient's  skin  in  good  condition 
without  any  great  anxiety.  Later,  when 
by  use  of  x-rays  (and  here  the  portable 
x-ray  machine  is  indispensable)  the  doc- 
tor decides  the  position  is  a  satisfactory 
one,  the  patient  may  be  put  in  plaster 
to  maintain  that  position.  Once  more 
we  can  still  avoid  pressure  sores  by 
turning  the  patient  on  his  or  her  face  for 
an  hour  or  so  at  least  twice  daily.  Here 
two  things  must  be  kept  in  mind.  When 
turning  the  patient,  first  move  him  over 
to  the  edge  of  the  bed  on  the  affected 
side,  and  then  gently  roll  him  over 
with  the  injured  leg  in  cast  uppermost, 
thus  making  sure  no  pressure  is  made 
on  the  site  of  fracture.  Two  attendants 
are  necessary  to  do  this  properly.  A 
pillow  may  be  placed  under  the  chest, 
or  otherwise  adjusted,  to  make  his  posi- 
tion fairly  comfortable.     In  time,  most 


Vol.  38  No.  4 


NURSING    CARE    OF    FRACTURES 


patients  come  to  look  for  this  change 
and  find  it  restful.  Always  make  sure 
that  the  foot  and  toes  are  not  over- 
looked. Either  the  foot  may  project 
over  the  edge  of  the  bed,  or  be  supported 
and  kept  from  pressure  by  placing  a 
small  pillow  or  a  pad  under  the  dor- 
sum of  the  foot. 

One  problem  presents  itself  with  this 
type  of  cast,  especially  when  the  patient 
is  an  elderly  female.  When  bed-pans 
are  used  at  time  of  urination,  there  is 
danger  of  the  casts  becoming  wet.  In 
our  hospital  we  are  experimenting  with 
female  urinals.  They  are  similar  to 
male  urinals  but  the  opening  differs  in 
shape.  They  seem  to  serve  their  pur- 
pose well  and,  since  their  introduction, 
the  number  of  wet  casts  is  appreciably 
less. 

With   fractured   spines,   we   find   the 
need  of  most  careful  nursing,  especially 
in  cases  where  cord  lesion  has  occurred, 
and   paralysis   is   present,    either   partial 
or  complete.     Let  us  take,  for  instance, 
fractures    of    the    cervical    spine    with 
paralysis  of  the   upper   extremities.      If 
dislocation  has  occurred,  we  resort  again 
to    the    use    of    cahpers    and    weights 
to      give      the       pull       necessary      to 
correct  the  position  of  the  injured  ver- 
tebrae.    That  pull  must  be  maintained 
until  change  in   neurological  signs,   and 
x-rays  confirm  the  fact  that  the  correct 
position  has  been  obtained.  During  this 
period,  the  patient  must  lie  comparative- 
ly still  with  calipers  grasping  the  outer 
table  of  the  skull,   with   no  pillow,  or 
at  best  a  very  small  one,  and  care  must 
be   taken   that   the   pull   be    kept   equal 
and  steady.     If  the  pull  is  adequate  and 
the    dislocation    satisfactorily    reduced, 
the  patient  may  be  nursed  on  back,  face 
or  either  side. 

There  is  much  for  the  nurse  to  con- 
sider in  order  to  help  the  patient  during 
the  inevitable  long  period  of  waiting. 
As  well  as  ministering  to  the  physical 
well-being,  which  includes  feeding,  bath- 

APRIL,  1942 


Shaving    h'miselj    with    aid    oj    b-edside 
mirror. 


ing,  special  care  at  time  of  bed-pans, 
there  is  the  necessity  of  relieving  muscle 
strain  and  avoiding  pressure  sores.  More- 
over, the  nurse  must  watch  over  the 
mental  discomfort  of  a  patient  who  is 
necessarily  cut  off  from  many  privileges. 
Our  occupational  therapy  department 
has  provided  two  gadgets  of  great  help 
in  these  cases:  a  reading  frame  and 
a  bedside  mirror  that  can  be  easily  at- 
tached to  the  bed  and  allows  the  patient 
to  follow  in  the  glass  the  activities  of 
the  room  and  those  about  her. 

Later,  when  the  doctor  decides  the 
time  has  come  for  removal  of  the  ex- 
tension and  weights,  and  for  the  appli- 
cation of  plaster,  a  Minerva  splint  is 
put  on.  Once  again,  the  period  of  ad- 
justment is  a  difficult  one  but  patience 
and  good  humour  on  the  part  of  the 
nurse  will  invariably  turn  even  a  trying 
patient  into  a  more  or  less  contented 
one  when  the  fact  is  realized  that  re- 
covery is  in  sight.  Such  results  were 
almost  a  dream,  not  so  many  years  ago, 

235 


236 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


Tyfe  of  tidal  irrigator  which  is  now 
in  use  in  the  Toronto  General  Hosfital 
and  is  described  in  the  accompanying 
text. 


before  the  introduction  of  Kirschner 
wire  and  caliper  splints. 

One  step  further  brings  us  to  the 
hardest  cases  our  nurses  are  asked  to  care 
for — fractured  spines  in  which  the  cord 
injury  is  so  complete  that  recovery  is 
very  remote,  and  in  most  cases  impos- 
sible. True,  in  some  cases  laminectomy 
has  been  performed,  pressure  relieved, 
and  partial  recovery  has  taken  place. 
But  those  cases  are  rare,  and  generally 
the  nurse's  chief  duty  is  to  make  the 
patient  as  comfortable  as  possible,  both 
physically  and  mentally,  knowing  at  the 
same  time  that  nothing  more  can  be 
hoped  for. 

In  such  cases,  where  control  both  of 
bladder  and  bowels  is  absent,  the  dis- 
comfort and  helplessness  of  the  patient 
call  for  exceptional  nursing  care.  Keep- 
ing the  patient  clean  and  dry  is  the 
chief  consideration.  An  enema  every 
second  day  helps  to  control  one  problem, 
but  the  bladder  condition  is  harder  to 
deal  with.  The  old  treatment  was  to 
install  a  permanent  catheter  and  irrigate 
daily.  The  new  treatment  calls  for 
the  installation  of  a  catheter  and  the 
use  of  a  tidal  irrigator. 

The  illustration  shows  a  drawing 
of  the  latest  model  of  tidal  irrigator  in 
use  in  this  hospital.  Dr.  McKenzie,  of 
our  Neurological  Department,  has  kind- 
ly allowed  us  to  use  this  photograph 
for  which  the  drawing  was  done  by 
Dr.  McCormick,  who  with  Dr.  Scott, 
contributed  the  description  of  the  tidal 
irrigator  that  follows:  The  tidal  irrigator 
is  a  device  used  to  reduce  infection  in 
a  paralyzed  bladder  and  assist  it  to  regain 
its  normal  tone  if  this  is  possible.  It 
consists  essentially  of  a  board  on  which 
the  irrigating  apparatus  is  mounted  and 
four  tubes,  (1)  a  catheter;  (2)  an 
input  tube  from  the  reservoir;  (3)  a 
siphon  tube;  (4)  an  air  vent.  In  addi- 
tion there  is  required  a  high  stand  on 
which  to  hang  the  board.     There  are 


Vol.  38  No.  4 


NURSING    CARE    OF    FRACTURES 


many  forms  of  the  device,  but  a  very 
simple  and  satisfactory  type  is  shov^^n 
in  the  accompanying  illustration.  The 
various  parts  may  be  identified  as  fol- 
lows: (A)  container  of  irrigating  fluid; 
(B)  board  on  which  irrigator  is 
mounted;  (C)  hypodermic  needle ;  (D) 
dripper;  (E)  metal  stop-cock;  (F) 
scale  marked  on  board;  (G)  hook  for 
adjusting  level  of  siphon  pressure;  (H) 
rubber  drainage  siphon  tube;  (I)  drain- 
age bottle;  (J)  representing  urinary 
bladder  with  indwelling  catheter;  (K 
&  L)  glass  T-tubes. 

In  actual  practice,  the  lower  margin 
of  the  board  is  set  three  to  four  inches 
above  the  level  of  the  symphysis  pubis 
and,  by  means  of  a  cystometrogram,  the 
level  of  G  is  established.  The  irrigating 
fluid  from  A  is  allowed  to  flow  and 
regulated  at  40  to  60  drops  a  minute 
by  the  stop-cock  E.  It  then  passes 
through  the  T-tube  K  to  the  bladder  / 
by  the  catheter.  The  pressure  in  the 
bladder  gradually  increases  until  it 
causes  a  back  flow  of  the  fluid  which 
eventually  reaches  the  level  of  G, 
through  the  T-tube  L.  When  this  level 
is  reached,  a  siphon  is  established  through 
the  drainage  tube  H  to  the  bottle  /. 
Because  the  opening  at  C  is  so  small,  as 
compared  with  the  large  bore  system 
to  the  bladder,  the  bladder  is  com- 
pletely drained  before  the  siphon  is 
broken  by  the  column  of  air  sucked 
in  from  C  through  L  to  G  and  the 
drainage  system.  When  the  siphon  is 
broken,   the   cycle  is  repeated. 

With  the  rate  of  flow  regulated  at 
40  to  60  drops  per  minute,  the  bladder 
should  be  emptied  automatically  at  least 
every  three  hours.  The  apparatus  should, 
if  possible,  be  kept  running  continuous- 
ly day  and  night.  When  it  is  necessary 
to  turn  a  patient,  it  is  best  to  disconnect 
the  catheter  from  the  irrigator,  having 
first  put  clamps  on  the  catheter  and  on 
the  tube  leading  to  the  irrigator.  This 


Back  view  of  Minerva  sflint. 

Courtesy  of  Dr.  R.  I.  Harris 

prevents  air  entering  the  irrigator,  and 
also  from  spilling  solution  on  the  bed. 
After  the  patient  has  been  turned,  the 
irrigator  should  be  connected  to  the 
catheter  immediately  and  both  clamps 
removed.  The  commonest  source  of 
trouble  is  a  blocking  of  the  catheter. 
When  this  occurs  the  siphon  overflows 
every  two  or  three  minutes,  but  only 
flows  for  a  few  seconds.  Another  com- 
mon source  of  trouble  is  a  blocking  of 
the  air  vent.  If  this  happens,  the  siphon 
continues  to  drip  at  the  same  rate  as  the 
input  and  the  irrigator  loses  its  effec- 
tiveness. 

Although  this  article  may  not  include 
every  type  of  fracture,  it  has  been  my 
endeavour  to  deal  chiefly  with  those 
most  commonly  treated  in  general  hos- 
pitals, and  to  present  the  nursing  care 
which,  above  all,  from  the  patient's 
point  of  view  is  so  important  in  secur- 
ing good  results.  We  have  also  had  in 
mind  the  feeling  of  work  well  done 
which  is  such  a  profound  satisfaction 
to  the  nurse  herself. 


APRIL,  1942 


237 


Overseas  Mail 


Thanks  to  the  kindness  of  some  of 
our  correspondents  the  Journal  has  the 
privilege  of  pubhshing  interesting  ex- 
cerpts from  "overseas  mail".  The  first 
comes  from  the  Matron  of  a  large  hos- 
pital in  a  British  seaport: 

Canada  is  marvellous  in  the  way  she  is 
helping  us  in  Britain  in  numberless  ways 
and  it  is  done  so  quietly,  but  oh !  it  means 
sp  much.  This  hospital  has  had  its  share 
of  damage  during  air  raids,  but  we  are 
carrying  on  to  the  utmost  in  spite  of  many 
scars.  Our  beautiful  hospital  has  been 
badly  damaged  but  although  we  were  direct- 
ly hit  on  three  occasions,  we  sustained  no 
casualties  amongst  the  patients  or  staff. 
The  building  is  very  strongly  built  and 
during  a  raid,  the  patients  are  always  taken 
into  the  corridors.  Had  they  been  in  the 
wards,  they  must  surely  all  have  been 
killed.  We  must  always  be  ready  to  face 
whatever  comes  and  do  our  best  for  those 
who  are  sent  to  us  to  care  for. 

This  letter  comes  from  the  director 
of  a  famous  British  visiting  nursing  as- 
sociation : 

I  would  like  to  assure  you  that  we  are 
by  no  means  hungry.  The  rations  we  have 
are  probably  very  good  discipline  as  we 
were  too  luxurious  and  well  fed  before.  I 
think  we  miss  eggs  as  much  as  anything; 
the  allowance  of  one  each  per  month  is 
not  much  and  they  cannot  be  divided !  We 
have  plenty  of  bread,  vegetables,  tea  and 
many  other  things  and  the  health  of  the 
nation  is  wonderful.  The  doctors  complain 
of  lack  of  work.  This  winter  is  a  testing 
time  but  there  has  been  no  epidemic  and 
we  hope  there  will  not  be. 

The  effect  of  industrial  work  on  our 
women  may  mean  too  much  strain,  but 
everything  possible  is  to  be  done  for  their 
welfare.  I  think  that  one  of  the  greatest 
problems  is  the  care  of  the  "under  fives" 
for    whom    fruit    and    vitamins    are    so    es- 


sential. There  are  suggestions  for  a  na- 
tional health  service,  so  you  will  see  there 
is  much  to  think  of.  Our  nurses  have  done 
splendidly  and  I  am  proud  of  them. 

Here  are  two  interesting  sidelights 
on  the  adventures  of  the  Canadian 
nurses  who  are  serving  in  South  Africa. 
The  first  reads  as  follows: 

On  board  ship  we  were  well  taken  care 
of  and  conveniently  located,  and  found  it 
highly  desirable  to  change  into  slacks  the 
day  following  embarkation.  We  have  re- 
mained in  them  since,  changing  for  dinner 
each  night.  The  weather  is  that  of  a  June 
day,  and  we  are  stretched  out  in  deck  chairs 
recuperating  after  a  heavy  sea.  We  have 
organized  a  committee,  representative  of 
each  province,  and  are  planning  an  hour 
of  study  daily  at  which  four  topics  will  be 
discussed  —  military  law,  English  currency, 
first   aid,   cities   in    South   Africa. 

Here  is  the  second: 

Cape  Town  is  a  most  beautiful  city  and 
even  beyond  our  expectations,  which  were 
high  after  Dr.  Peters  had  told  us  so  much 
about  it.  We  could  hardly  walk  three  steps 
without  someone  inviting  us  into  their  car 
for  a  drive  and  home  to  a  meal.  All  of  us 
were  invited  to  the  Groote  Schuur  Hospital 
and  had  a  very  good  time.  There  we  met 
Miss  Hiscock  (an  M.G.H.  nurse)  who  was 
leaving  the  next  day  to  join  the  Army. 
Miss  Hiscock  has  been  out  here  for  six 
years.  I  am  afraid  our  chances  of  getting 
North  are  slim  as  the  South  African  nurses 
have  first  choice.  From  Cape  Town  we 
were  sent  to  Durban  where  the  Matron-in- 
Chief  interviewed  us  in  quick  order  and 
within  twenty  minutes  had  us  distributed 
to  various  centres.  Four  went  to  Johannes- 
burg, ten  here  (Pretoria),  twenty  to  Pieter- 
maritzbourg,  and  forty  remained  in  Durban. 
Pretoria  is  the  largest  military  base  in 
South  Africa,  but  we  are  in  an  isolated 
spot  five  miles  from  the  city  and  live  in 
huts  called  after  various  ships.  I  am  in 
"Valiant"  and  ethers  are  in  "Ajax". 


Vol.  38  No.  4 


THE    PROVINCES    GO    INTO    ACTION 


239 


Now  a  word  from  a  nurse  serving 
with    the    Canadian    Orthopaedic    Unit 

in  Scotland: 

We  certainly  have  been  very  fortunate 
in  having  an  opportunity  to  serve  with  this 
unit.  There  are  twenty-two  nurses  and 
nine  doctors  for  one  wing,  and  we  have 
four  wards,  with  forty-two  patients  in  each. 
About  seventy  percent  of  the  patients  are 
in  the  forces.  They  have  been  waiting  for 
us  for  some  time  and  there  is  quite  a  long 
waiting  list  for  the  surgeons.  The  hospital 
is  very  well  equipped.  It  is  wonderful  that 
so  many  places  have  been  converted  into 
emergency  hospitals.  We  are  housed  in  huts 
which  are  quite  comfortable  and  cozy.  The 
College  of  Nursing  in  Edinburgh  entertained 
us  at  a  luncheon  and  were  extremely  kind 
to  us.  We  were  taken  on  a  tour  of  Edin- 
burgh Castle,  the  War  Memorial,  and 
John  Knox's  house.  There  are  frequent  con- 
certs and  shows  for  the  patients  which  we 
attend.    Sir    Harry    Lauder    entertained    us 


not  long  ago ;  he  certainly  is  wonderful 
at  his  age.  We  are  getting  plenty  of  out- 
door exercise  and  are  all  gaining  weight. 
Finally,  here  is  a  message  from  that 
indomitable  spirit,  Rebecca  Strong,  now 
in  her  hundredth  year: 

We  are  much  restricted,  but  not  really 
in  want  —  the  organization  is  most  credit- 
able —  the  health  of  the  nation  has  not 
suffered.  What  happy  memories  your  name 
recalls,  age  prevents  any  repetition,  but 
happy  memory  will  remain.  I  fell  in  April 
breaking  my  right  thigh  bone  and,  though 
still  convalescing,  cannot  expect  full  re- 
covery, being  in  my  ninety-ninth  year.  But 
I  hope  for  sufficient  strength  to  prevent  me 
from  being  a  burden  to  my  relations  who 
have  kindly  allowed  me  to  make  my  home 
with  them.  They  have  done  and  are  doing 
everything  possible  for  me  —  electric  light 
at  head  of  bed,  anthracite  stove,  wash  basin, 
hot  and  cold  water  —  very,  very  much  to 
be  thankful  for. 


The  Provinces  Co  Info  Action 


With  a  realizaHon  of  the  need  for 
preparatory  and  follow-up  work,  each 
province  has  either  already  appointed 
a  special  representative  to  work  with 
the  C.N.A.  Emergency  Nursing  Advi- 
ser, or  else  has  given  consideration  to 
such  an  appointment.  In  some  instances 
the  represen'"atives  have  been  released 
from  their  more  permanent  duties  for 
a  period  of  time;  in  others  they  have 
accepted  the  added  responsibility  and 
are  carrying  on,  at  least  through  the 
initial  s*^ages  of  the  development. 

Significant  appreciation  of  the  im- 
portance of  the  work  is  evidenced  in 
the  following  appointments:  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  Anna  Bennett,  instructor 


at  the  Prince  Edward  Island  Hospital, 
Charlottetown ;  Nova  Scorn,  Marjorie 
Jenkins,  president  of  the  Nova  Scotia 
Registered  Nurses  Association,  and  di- 
rector of  nursing  at  the  Children's  Hos- 
pital, Halifax;  New  Brunstuick,  Mar- 
garet Pringle,  acting  instructor.  Gen- 
eral Hospital,  Saint  John;  Quebec,  E. 
Frances  Upton,  executive  secretary, 
registrar  and  official  school  visitor.  As- 
sociation of  Registered  Nurses  of  the 
Province  of  Q.nthtc\  Ontario,  Marjorie 
Buck,  superintendent,  Norfolk  General 
Hospital,  Simcoe;  Manitoba,  Gertrude 
Hall,  secretary-treasurer,  Manitoba  As- 
sociation of  Registered  Nurses;  Alberta, 
Margaret   Eraser,   director   of   nursing. 


APRIL,  1942 


240 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


Royal  Alexandra  Hospital,  Edmonton; 
British  Columbia,  Evelyn  Mallory,  re- 
gistrar, Registered  Nurses  Association 
of  British  Columbia.  The  naming  of 
a  representative  in  Saskatchewan  has 
been  deferred  until  the  Emergency 
Nursing  Adviser  visits  that  province. 

In  order  that  our  objectives  may  be 
attained,  nurses  themselves  must  be 
fully  informed  regarding  "new  ways 
in  wartime".  They  must  have  know- 
ledge of  the  results  that  are  looked  for 
from  the  appointment  of  a  "contact 
man"  to  bridge  the  miles  that  lie  be- 
tween professional  ways  and  interests 
— miles  that  all  too  often  spell  lack  of 
knowledge  and  consequent  misunder- 
standing and  indifference.  They  must 
realize  the  benefits  that  may  be  expect- 
ed from  the  appointment  of  represen- 
tatives who  will  bring  into  closer  re- 
lationship the  factors  in  our  problem 
that  are  both  diverse  and  common  and, 
by  mutual  study,  try  to  find  some  satis- 
factor)'  solution  of  them.  To  ensure 
success,  the  individual  nurse  must  be 
able  to  interpret  nursing  needs  to  the 
general  public  and  also  to  indicate  the 
steps  that  are  now  being  taken  to  meet 
the  demands  being  made  upon  the  pro- 
fession. This  is  what  every  nurse  can 
do  for  her  profession  today  and  for  its 
progress  tomorrow — she  can  be  an  in- 
formed and  interested  member  of  it. 

An  important  part  of  the  necessary 
propaganda  which  is  to  be  carried  on 
in  the  provinces  naturally  includes  close 
contact  with  authorities  in  schools  of 
nursing  and  hospitals,  and  with  other 
groups  representing  all  fields  of  nur- 
sing. Contacts  should  also  be  maintained 
with  the  members  of  the  medical 
profession,  and  with  the  Departments 
of  Health  and  Education,  university 
authorities,  women's  organizations,  the 
press,  the  Boards  of  Trade,  and  other 
public  bodies  including  industrial  organ- 
izations.      An    explanation    of    profes- 


sional nursing  to  all  these  groups  is 
long  overdue.  Such  an  explanation 
should  deal  with  our  desire  to  meet  de- 
mands during  the  present  crisis  and  to 
build  towards  reconstruction,  and  is 
immediately  concerned  with  the  stef)S 
that  are  being  taken  to  do  so.  These 
steps  include  the  support  and  extension 
of  post-graduate  courses,  so  that  a  suf- 
ficient number  of  specially  qualified 
nurses  may  be  available  to  carry  on 
work  on  the  home  front  if  new  and 
more  nurses  are  to  be  prepared  to  meet 
the  demands  here  and  elsewhere.  Other 
measures  are  the  recruitment  of  an  ade- 
quate number  of  desirable  students  for 
schools  of  nursing;  the  improvement  of 
the  status  of  the  general  duty  nurse, 
in  order  that  nursing  services  may  be 
stabilized;  the  renewal  of  contacts  with 
married  and  inactive  nurses  to  ensure 
that  the  most  practical  help  is  available 
from  this  mature  group  should  a  real 
emergency  arise;  and  the  study  and 
development  of  plans  whereby  respon- 
sibih'f^y  for  the  preparation  of  nurses, 
students  and  graduates,  may  be  borne 
more  directly  by  the  Universities  and 
guided  through  more  centralized  con- 
trol. 

Last,  but  not  least,  careful  consi- 
deration is  urged  on  the  part  of  the 
qualified  nurse  before  she  relinquishes 
duties  for  which  she  is  specially  pre- 
pared. Such  consideration  would  bring 
about  a  better  distribution  of  nurses  to 
serve  in  centres  where  they  are  needed 
in  these  trying  times,  rather  than  in 
centres  where  they  would  like  to  be. 
Nurses  have  never  been  slow  to  ac- 
cept their  special  responsibilities  and, 
in  wartime,  this  is  surely  one.  When 
the  war  is  over,  honours  will  truly 
be  shared  by  those  who  steadfastly 
serve  in  less  conspicuous  places  on  the 
home  front.  The  profession  must  see 
to  this. 

These  thoughts  are  not  new  but  are 


Vol.  38  No.  4 


THE    PROVINCES    GO    INTO    ACTION 


241 


built  around  the  recommendations 
that  resulted  from  the  Joint  Confer- 
ence, recommendations  with  which  most 
nurses  are  now  familiar.  Before  the 
work  of  the  Adviser  is  completed,  it  is 
hoped  that  each  approved  school  of 
nursing  in  the  Dominion  will  have  been 
reached  through  personal  contacts,  made 
by  the  Adviser  or  by  a  representative, 
and  that  a  sympathetic  hearing  will 
have  been  obtained  from  the  directors 
of  the  schools,  the  superintendents  of 
the  hospitals,  and  the  mdembers  of 
boards  of  directors.  Approaches  will 
also  have  been  made  to  the  other  groups 
already  mentioned.  Opportunities  are 
now  being  sought  to  offer  suitable  ex- 
planations of  professional  aims  and  the 
suggested  paths  by  which  these  are  to 
be  reached.  If  such  opportunities  are  to 
be  capitalized,  we  say  again  that  the 
rank  and  file  of  nurses  must  be  prepared 
to  act  as  ready  and  informed  inter- 
preters. As  familiar  and  trusted  mem- 
bers of  the  profession,  their  opinions 
will  have  much  weight.  It  is  earnestly 
hoped  that  readers  of  the  Journal  and 
others  to  whom  this  message  may  come 
will  be  among  the  voluntary  recruits  to 
carry   the    word   into   new    fields. 

Already,  initial  visits  have  been  paid 
by  the  Emergency  Nursing  Adviser  to 
a  number  of  provinces  including  Que- 
bec, Ontario,  Nova  Scotia  and  New 
Brunswick.  Through  a  very  generous 
gesture  on  the  part  of  the  nurses  of 
Prince  Edward  Island,  Miss  K.  Mac- 
Lennan,  president  of  the  Prince  Edward 
Island  Registered  Nurses  Association, 
and  Miss  Anna  Bennett,  special  repre- 
sentative, attended  the  meeting  held  in 
Saint  John.  This  meeting  was  an 
historic  one.  As  a  responsibility  of  the 
provincial  association,  nurses  came  by 
train,  plane,  and  motor.  With  one  ex- 
ception, every  school  in  New  Brunswick 
was  represented  and  the  cordial  wel- 
come extended  to  the  Adviser  was  one 


of  inspiration.  Time  did  not  allow  for 
as  full  a  representation  in  other  centres, 
but  the  interest  evidenced  was  just  as 
keen.  In  Nova  Scotia,  arrangements 
were  made  for  the  Adviser  to  meet 
quite  a  unique  group  representing  higher 
education,  the  medical  profession,  the 
department  of  health,  boards  of  direc- 
tors, and  the  nursing  profession.  In 
Ontario,  a  very  energetic  committee, 
under  the  chairmanship  of  Miss  Beatrice 
Ellis,  has  already  outlined  a  comprehen- 
sive programme  of  activities  so  carefully 
prepared  that  the  Emergency  Nursing 
Adviser  and  the  provincial  adviser  have 
every  assurance  that  they  have  the  sup- 
port and  interest  of  nurses  throughout 
Ontario.  By  the  time  this  article  appears 
in  print,  it  is  hoped  that  contacts  will 
have  been  made  in  every  province. 

The  experiment  began  in  the  Prov- 
ince of  Quebec,  and  the  assistance  and 
impetus  given  will  no  doubt  be  reflected 
throughout  the  whole  development.  In 
this  province,  the  work  of  the  Emer- 
gency Nursing  Adviser  involves  a  dual 
responsibility  and  the  Canadian  Nurses 
Association  has  been  fortunate  enough 
to  secure  Miss  Suzanne  Giroux  to  repre- 
sent the  French-speaking  nurses.  The 
appointment  of  Miss  Giroux  bespeaks 
success.  She  has  entered  upon  the  work 
with  ready  enthusiasm  and  her  know- 
ledge of  nursing  affairs,  her  keen  mind, 
and  very  definite  interest  cannot  fail 
to  inspire  others.  At  very  short  notice, 
Quebec  was  ready.  Doors  of  institu- 
tions were  opened,  information  was 
made  available  and  even  Boards  of  Di- 
rectors almost  met  to  order.  It  was 
readily  made  possible  for  the  Adviser 
to  confer  with  professional  groups  and 
in  a  way  that  permitted  of  discussion 
which  was  most  helpful.  Yes,  we  shall 
always  be  intensely  grateful  to  the 
nurses  of  Quebec  for  the  early  days  of 
initiation.  The  Adviser  also  attended 
a    meeting   of   the    Association    of    Re- 


APRIL,  1942 


242 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


gistered  Nurses  of  Quebec  which  was 
held  in  Quebec  City.  All  English-speak- 
ing schools  in  Quebec  were  visited,  and, 
in  every  instance,  sympathetic  considera- 
tion was  given  to  the  efforts  that  are 
being  made  to  assist  in  maintaining  an 
efficient  nursing  service. 

It  is  to  be  regretted  that  certain  limi- 
tations do  not  permit  of  more  detailed 
recognition  of  the  plans  that  were  so 
quickly  and  efficiently  laid  in  Quebec 
and  the  other  provinces  by  the  presi- 
dents and  the  most  energetic  represen- 
tatives. These  plans  centre  round  the 
recommendations  and,  translated  into 
action,  take  such  forms  as  continuous 
propaganda  including  press,  radio  and 
other  publicity,  carried  on  nationally  and 
provincially.  In  connection  with  the  re- 
cruitment of  desirable  students,  this  pro- 
paganda must  be  taken  into  private  and 
high  schools,  and  other  educational 
institutions.  It  must  reach  the  poten- 
tial nurse  in  time  for  her  to  plan  wisely 
the  foundation  upon  which  her  future 
will  be  built.  Talks  to  high  school  stu- 
dents present  opportunities  for  explain- 
ing nursing  as  a  national  service  with 
almost  unlimited  scope  that  will  not  be 
confined  to  the  war  period.  It  also 
makes  possible  the  interpretation  of  a 
good  school  of  nursing.  A  personal  ap- 
proach is  of  great  value,  and  here  again 
the  individual  nurse  can  help.  In  one 
province,  through  the  co-operation  of 
the  Director  of  Public  Health  Nursing 
Services,  public  health  nurses  are  car- 
rying this  message  into  the  schools  that 
come  within  the  districts  in  which  they 
are  working.  Photographic  leaflets  are 
being  prepared  by  the  Canadian  Nurses 
Association  to  be  used  in  connection 
with  the  information  that  is  already 
available. 

An  approach  is  being  made  to  the 
authorities  in  each  approved  school  of 
nursing  regarding  the  selection  of  nurses 
who    are    quahfied    to    undertake    post- 


graduate study.  In  connection  with  post- 
graduate courses,  it  is  also  suggested 
that  consideration  be  given  to  the  estab- 
lishment of  closer  relationships  between 
the  universities  and  hospitals  in  order 
that  nurses  preparing  themselves  for 
supervisory  positions  may  obtain  courses 
that  not  only  afford  additional  experi- 
ence in  some  specialty,  but  which  qua- 
lify them  to  teach,  and  to  approach 
their  responsibilities  with  some  know- 
ledge of  the  principles  of  administration. 
It  is  reassuring  to  know  that  a  commit- 
tee of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association 
is  setting  up  criteria  and  other  informa- 
tion that  will  aid  in  planning  post- 
graduate courses  on  a  graduate  nurse 
level. 

Refresher  courses  for  married  and 
inactive  nurses  are  already  underway  in 
several  provinces  with  most  encourap^'ng 
response.  Considerable  thought  is  being 
given  to  the  study  of  in-service  educa- 
tion and  the  visiting  instructor  has  be- 
come a  live  person  in  more  than  one 
situation.  Studies  are  also  being  made 
of  the  preliminary  school  and  of  other 
developments  such  as  the  Vassar  plan. 
While  these  have  not  taken  definite 
form  at  the  time  that  this  article  goes 
to  press,  they  indicate  that  a  lively 
interest  in  the  solution  of  present  day 
problems  in  nursing  is  being  shown  in 
more  than  one  province. 

The  happenings  of  the  past  few  weeks 
are  recorded  with  enduring  apprecia- 
tion of  the  interest  so  generally  displayed 
by  the  nurses  of  Canada.  On  every 
hand,  this  interest  constitutes  encoura- 
gement for,  as  one  reporter  suggested, 
"I  know  that  important  things  are  hap- 
pening because  so  many  important 
people  are  interested  in  them." 

Kathleen   W.    Ellis, 

Eytiergency  Nursing  Advisery 
Canadian  Nurses  Association. 


Vol.  38  No.  4 


Notes  From  the  National  Office 

Contributed  by  JEAN  S.  WILSON, 
Executive  Secretary,  The  Canadian  Nurses  Association 


Twenty-first  General  Meeting 

An  outline  of  the  programme  for 
the  twenty-first  General  Meeting  of 
the  Canadian  Nurses  Association  is 
published  on  the  following  pages.  It 
will  be  noted  that  the  first  general  ses- 
sion opens  on  Monday  morning,  June 
22nd,  and  that  the  Programme  Com- 
mittee has  arranged  the  proceedings 
for  the  week  in  keeping  with  the  res- 
ponsibilities of  Canada's  nurses  during 
war-time  as  well  as  in  preparation  for 
the  future.  The  guest  speaker  on  Mon- 
day evening  will  be  Miss  Julia  Stimson, 
President  of  the  American  Nurses'  As- 
sociation. The  Right  Honourable  Mal- 
colm MacDonald,  High  Commissioner 
for  the  United  Kingdom,  has  accepted 
an  invitation  to  speak  at  the  dinner 
meeting  on  Tuesday  evening.  Then  on 
Frida)',  Miss  Effie  J.  Taylor  will  ad- 
dress the  evening  session.  Miss  Taylor 
is  Dean  of  Nursing,  Yale  University, 
ind  President  of  the  International  Coun- 
cil of  Nurses. 

In  a  previous  issue  of  these  Notes, 
it  was  announced  that  plans  in  con- 
nection with  celebrating  the  Tercente- 
nary of  the  founding  of  the  City  of 
Mont^real  had  been  cancelled  or  greatly 
modified.  The  Sisters  of  the  Community 
of  Hotel-Dieu  of  St.  Joseph  at  Mont- 
real, originally  had  under  consideration 
extensive  plans  for  commemorating  the 
arrival  of  Mile  Jeanne  Mance  in  1642. 
While  these  earlier  arrangements  must 
of  necessity  be  curtailed,  a  very  interest- 


ing programme  is  being  planned  for 
Thursday  afternoon  and  early  evening, 
under  the  direction  of  the  Mother  Su- 
perior,   Reverend   Mother   Allard. 

The  immediate  concern  of  everyone 
is  toward  total  war  effort,  but  at  the 
same  time,  it  is  the  responsibility  of  the 
national  nursing  organization  to  guard 
professional  advances  already  made. 
Consequently  it  is  not  advisable  to  aban- 
don all  interest  in  those  projects  which 
may  seem  unrelated  to  the  present 
grave  crisis.  The  Association  has  con- 
tinued to  develop  activities  through 
committees,  each  of  which  will  submit 
a  progress  report  to  the  General  Meet- 
ing. Plans  for  the  programme  of  one 
session,  which  were  assigned  to  the 
Committee  on  Nursing  Education, 
have  resulted  in  that  committee  select- 
ing "Safe-guards  to  Nursing — Present 
and  Future"  as  the  topic  under  which 
the  biennial  report  and  relevant  acti- 
vities of  the  Committee  will  be  presented 
and  discussed.  A  progress  report  by 
Miss  Kathleen  W.  Ellis,  as  Emergency 
Nursing  Adviser  to  the  C.N. A.,  will 
prove  a  splendid  guide  toward  for- 
mulating plans,  when  the  immediate 
and  post-war  responsibilities  of  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association  are  under 
direct  discussion. 

The  Windsor  Hotel,  Montreal,  will 
become  convention  headquarters  to  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association  for  the 
week  of  June  22nd  to  26th,  1942,  with 
meetings  of  the  Executive  Committee 
held  on  June   19th,  20th  and  27th.  In 


APRIL,  1942 


243 


244 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


order  to  be  assured  of  satisfactory  hotel 
accommodation,  early  reservation  is 
urged.  Application  should  be  made  di- 
rect to  the  manager,  Windsor  Hotel, 
Montreal.  Rates  quoted  to  members 
of  the  C.N.A.  by  the  Windsor  Hotel 
are:  single  room,  $4.00  and  $4.50; 
double  room,  $3.00  per  person;  three 
in  a  room,  $2.50  per  person;  four  in 
a  room,  $2.25  per  person.  Each  room 
has  a  connecting  bath.  A  specially  pre- 
pared card  for  room  reservation  can 
be  secured  from  the  secretaries  of  the* 
Provincial  Associations  of  Registered 
Nurses. 


South  African  Gratitude 

Shortly  after  the  arrival  in  South 
Africa  of  the  first  contingent  of  Cana- 
dian nurses,  Mrs.  H.  C.  Horwood, 
Organizing  Secretary  of  the  South  Afri- 
can Trained  Nurses  Association,  wrote 
as  follows  to  the  Executive  Secretary 
of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association: 

They  are  a  fine  body  of  women ;  I  per- " 
sonally  felt  them  to  be  almost  "hand 
picked".  They  made  a  very  definite  im- 
pression on  everyone  they  met  of  being 
thoroughly  competent,  well-bred  gentlewo- 
men. As  emissaries  from  one  Dominion  to 
another,  they  are  excellent.  As  nurses  one 
felt  convinced  of  their  efficiency,  kindness 
and  poise.  As  an  older  woman  it  gave  me 
real  joy  to  welcome,  under  the  British 
Flag,  younger  nurses  come  to  share  our  dif- 
ficulties and  vicissitudes. 

As  the  first  arrivals,  they  received  a  more 
or  less  formal  and  official  welcome  from 
the  Mayor  (Cape  Town),  from  our  A.D.- 
M.S.,  from  the  Matron-in-Chief,  and  from 
the  South  African  Trained  Nurses  Asso- 
ciation. A  courtesy  which  they  greatly  ap- 
preciated was  a  personal  letter  of  welcome 
to  each  from  the  Prime  Minister,  Field- 
Marshall,   the   Hon.   J.    C.   Smuts. 

My  thanks  to  Canada  for  sending  her 
daughters  to  our  assistance. 


British  Nurses  Relief  Fund 

Contributions   to    the    British   Nurses 
Relief  Fund  have  been  received  from: 
Ontario: 
District  1 : 

.\.A.,    Sarnia   General   Hospital  $  60.50 

A. A.,  Public  General  Hospital, 

Chatham     50.00 

Districts  2  and  3 : 

Graduate    Nurses    Simcoe    Registry        20.00 

District  5: 

A.A.,  Hospital  for  Sick  Children, 

Toronto     62.24 

A. A.,  Riverdale  Isolation  Hospital, 

Toronto     25.00 

A.A.,  Soldiers'  Memorial  Hosital, 

Orillia    12.00 

Graduate  nurse  staff,  Toronto 

Hospital,     Weston     23.50 

Inter-school  Student  Nurses 

Association  of  Toronto    628.41 

Jr.  Division,  Class  of  1944,  Toronto 

Western    Hospital    10.00 

Nursing   Sisters,  Toronto   Military 

Hospital 20.00 

Nursing   Sisters,   Chorley    Park 

Military   Hospital,   Toronto    8.00 

Individual    contribution    5.00 

District  6 : 

Staff  —  Port  Hope  General 

Hospital 17.14 

Chapter   C,   Registered  Nurses 

Association  of   Ontario    12.40 

Registered  nurses  of  Cobourg   ....       192.88 
District  7: 

Perth  nurses    4.24 

District  8: 

A.A.,    Ottawa   Civic   Hospital    655.15 

Nurses   of   District    344.85 

District  9: 

Individual  contributions    ,. . . .  8.00 

Kirkland    Lake    nurses 14.75 

District   10: 

Graduate  staff,  General  Hospital, 

Port    Arthur    13.00 

A  contribution  to  the  Florence 
Nightingale  Memorial  Fund  has  been 
received  from: 

Ontario : 

A. A.,   Mack  Training  School,  St. 
Catharines     10.00 


Vol.  38  No.  4 


TENTATIVE   PROGRAMME   OF  THE   GENERAL   MEETING 


Monday— June  22,  1942 

General  Session 

8.00   a.m.,    Registration. 
9.30  —  10.30  a.m. 

Invocation. 

Reading  of  Minutes  of  the  General  Meet- 
ing, 1940. 

Report  —  Honorary   Secretary. 

Report  —   Honorary    Treasurer. 

Report   —   Executive    Secretary. 

Correspondence. 
10.30  —  12.00  noon. 

Presidential  Address. 

Reports   of   Standing    Committees:    Publi- 
cations ;    Arrangements ; 

Programme ;    Nursing    Education. 

Appointment  of    Press   representatives. 

Appointment    of    Resolutions    Committee. 

Appointment  of  scrutineers,  with  instruc- 
tions   regarding    voting. 

Roll   Call   of   Federated   Associations. 

International  Council  of  Nurses  —  report 

by  the  President  of  the  Canadian  Nurses 

Association,   Miss   Grace   M.    Fairley. 

Report  of  the   National  Joint   Committee 

on  Enrolment. 

Formal    presentation    of    resolutions    from 

the  Executive  Committee  and  the  Provin- 
cial  Associations. 

General  Session,   2.00   p.m. 

2.00  —  4.00  p.m. 
Reports  of  Special  Committees:  Exchange 
of  Nurses ;  Mary  Agnes  Snively  Me- 
morial;  Legislation;  History  of  Nursing; 
Eight-hour  Duty  for  Nurses;  Syllabus; 
National  Voluntary  War  Services  Ad- 
visory. 

Report  of  the  representative  of  the  Cana- 
dian Nurses  Association  on  the  Nursing 
Council  of  National  Defence  (U.S.A.) 
Budget   Report. 

General  Session,  8.00  p.m. 

Chairman:    The    President    of    the    Asso- 


ciation of  Registered  Nurses  of  the  Pro- 
vince of  Quebec. 

Addresses  of  Welcome,  and  a  response 
to  them  by  the  President  of  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association,  Miss  Grace  M.  Fairley. 

Ceremony :  The  Mary  Agnes  Snively 
Memorial  Address  and  Presentation  of 
Medals. 

Address:  Miss  Julia  Stimson,  President, 
the    American    Nurses    Association. 

Tuesday — June  23,  1942 

General  Session,  9.30  a.m. 

9.30  —  11.00  a.m. 

Special     Committee     Reports     continued: 
Health    Insurance   and    Nursing    Service. 

11.00  a.m.  —  12.00  noon. 
Report     of     the     Publications     Committee 
and  the  report  of  the  editor  and  business 
manager  of  The  Canadian  Nurse. 

General  Session,  2.00  p.m. 

2.00  —  4.00  p.m. 
Safeguards    to    Nursing    —    Present    and 
Future :     report     of     the     Committee    on 
Nursing  Education,  by  the  convener.  Miss 
M.  Lindeburgh.  The  Proposed  Curriculum 
and  its  Supplement:    (a)   the  essentials  in 
the  administration  of  a  School  of  Nurs- 
ing Curriculum  will  be  discussed  by  Miss 
Norena   Mackenzie ;    (b)    the  Supplement, 
as  a  guide  in  clinical  teaching,  will  be  dis- 
cussed by  Miss  Jean  M.  Wilson. 
Schools  of  Nursing  Records  —  a  progress 
report  by   Miss   Ruth   Thompson. 
A  report  of  the  Committee  to  study  Re- 
gistration Examinations,  by  Miss  Miriam 
Gibson,  convener  of  the  Instructors  Com- 
mittee,   Hospital   and    School   of   Nursing 
Section. 
Discussion    of     Recommendations. 

General  Session,  7.15  p.m. 

7.15   p.m..   Dinner  Meeting. 
Address:   The   Right   Honorable   Malcolm 
MacDonald,   High    Commissioner   for   the 
United   Kingdom. 


APRIL,  1942 


245 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


Wednesday — June  24,  1942 

Concurrent  Meetings  of  Sections 
9.30  a.m. 

9.30  a.m.  —  3.00  p.m. 
Hospital   piid   School  of   Nursing   Section. 
General    Nursing   Section. 
Public    Health    Section. 

General  Session,  3.00  p.m. 

3.00  p.m.  —  4.30  p.m. 

Discussion  of  reports  presented  by  the 
Sections. 

Discussion    of    reports    presented    by    the 
Provincial   Associations. 
Evening    free    for   special   social   functions. 

Thursday — June   25,    1942 

General  Session,  9.00  a.m. 

9.00  —  12.30  noon 

Responsibilities  of  the  Canadian  Nurses 
Association,  Itntnediate  and  Post-War: 
The  significance  and  importance  of  the 
Joint  Conference,  held  by  representatives 
of  the  University  Schools  of  Nursing 
and  the  Executive  Committee  of  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association,  will  be 
discussed  by  Miss  Kathleen  Russell,  Di- 
rector, School  of  Nursing,  University  of 
Toronto. 

Report  of  the  Committee  on  the  Approach 
to  the  Federal  Government. 


Report  of  the  Committee  on  the  Appoint- 
ment of  an  Emergency  Nursing  Adviser, 
presented  by  the  convener,  Miss  Grace 
M.   Fairley. 

A   progress  report  by  Miss   Kathleen  W. 
Ellis,    Emergency    Nursing    Adviser. 
General   discussion. 

Summary    of    discussion,    by    Miss    Mary 
Mathewson,  Assistant  Director,  School  for 
Graduate    Nurses,    McGill    University. 
1)1  the  afternodn  and  evening  a  programme 

zvill     be     given     at     Hotel-Dieu     Hospital, 

Montreal. 

Friday — June  26,  1942 

General  Session,  9.00  a.m. 

9.00  —  11.00  a.m..  National  Nursing  Prob- 
lems. 

11.00  —  12  noon,  Unfinished  Business  and 
New    Business. 

General  Session,  2.00  p.m. 

2.00  —  4.30  p.m. 
Report  of  the   Resolutions   Committee. 
Unfinished    Business. 

Report  of  Scrutineers  with  reception  of 
new  officers. 

General  Session,  8.00  p.m. 


.00  p.m.,  Address: 
President  of  the 
of  Nurses. 


Miss    Effie    Taylor, 
International     Council 


A. A. R.N.  Annual  Meeting 


The  annual  meeting  of  the  Alberta  Asso-  attendance   is    confidently   expected.    An   in- 

ciation  of  Registered  Nurses  has  been  plan-  teresting     programme    has    been    arranged, 

ned  for  the  Easter  week-end,  April  6  and  7  Further  information  may  be  obtained  from 

inclusive.    The   sessions   will   be  held  at  "the  the  secretary,    Mrs.  A.   E.  Vango,   St.   Ste- 

Macdovald  Hotel  in  Edmonton  and  a  large  phen's    College,    Edmonton. 


246 


Vol.  38  No.  4 


HOSPITALS   d    SCHOOLS    of  NURSING 


Contributed  by  the   Hospital  and   School  of  Nursing   Section   of  the   C.   N.   A. 

Our  Unique  Resources 

Marion  Myers 


Those  of  us  who  work  in  schools  of 
nursing  frequently  have  reason  to  ana- 
lyze and  study  this  institution  from  the 
point  of  view  of  resources,  liabilities,  ob- 
jectives and  possibilities.  In  this  article 
I  shall  try  to  recall  a  few  of  our  valuable 
assets,  so  important  in  producing  the  high 
quality  expected  in  our  finished  product. 

Every  institution  is  engaged  in  the 
work  of  production,  whether  it  be  that 
of  the  home,  the  school,  or  one  of  purely 
commercial  aspirations.  Our  institution 
is  a  special  school  with  its  own  particular 
ambitions  and  resources.  We  aim  high 
for,  whether  we  realize  it  or  not,  our 
objective  is  first  to  produce  a  skilled  ar- 
tisan whose  deft  fingers  and  trained 
movements  radiate  efficiency,  stimulate 
confidence  and  save  energy  and  supph'es 
without  becoming  mechanical.  Into  this 
skilled  technician  must  be  woven  profes- 
sional characteristics,  especially  such 
qualities  as  the  sense  of  responsibihty, 
with  mental  reserves  always  available 
to  take  control  of  unexpected  situations. 
There  must  be  ability  to  formulate  plans 
and  to  exercise  judgment  through  quick 
association,  and  to  recall  an  experience 
the  outcome  of  which  not  only  affects 
material  things  but  Hfe  itself.  Our  prod- 
uct must  be  socially  minded  with  an 
ever  growing  concern  for  the  improve- 
ment of  society  as  a  whole.  These  are 


but  a  few  of  the  professional  threads 
that  blend  into  and  balance  our  nursing 
tapestry.  Nor  are  these  technical  and 
professional  qualities  enough.  Still  more 
meticulously  must  be  woven  the  finest 
threads  of  all:  the  aesthetic  qualities  or 
an  artist,  whose  aim  and  delight  is  per- 
fection, whose  sense  of  proportion  and 
rhythm  together  with  beauty  of  purpose 
(which  is  spiritual)  elevates  nursing  to  its 
original  yet  greatest  possibility  —  that 
of  a  fine  art.  In  a  literal  sense,  all  this 
perhaps  seems  a  bit  idealistic,  almost  as 
if  we  had  failed  to  consider  human  weak- 
nesses and  imperfections,  but  on  closer 
analysis,  let  us  be  encouraged,  for  we 
have  much  on  the  credit  side.  The 
qualities  outlined  are  really  pursued  by 
all  professions,  but  with  our  own  (due 
to  its  constant  human  relationships)  the 
public  as  a  whole  sets  our  standards  and 
evaluates  our  results  as  truly  as  do  our 
schools   and   nursing   organizations. 

First  of  all,  on  our  credit  side,  we  have 
youth,  always  a  source  of  hope  and 
promise.  Our  students  enter  with  en- 
thusiasm, they  think  of  nursing  in  terms 
of  its  benefits  to  society  and  are  eager  for 
this  contact.  Their  minds  are  set  in  the 
right  direction  —  can  we  keep  them 
this  way?  This  is  our  first  challenge. 
Valuable  potentialities  so  often  lost  here 
are    not    easily    regained.    No    force    is 


APRIL,  1942 


247 


248 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


stronger  at  this  stage  than  the  carefully 
selected  staff,  sufficiently  balanced,  pro- 
fessionally, technically,  and  emotionally, 
to  give  the  proper  guidance  and  ex- 
perience that  will  prevent  disillusion- 
ment and  retain  enthusiasm.  Variety,  or 
the  need  for  change,  is  regarded  as  one 
of  the  vital  requirements  of  life.  Does 
any  school  possess  this  in  greater  abund- 
ance than  ours?  That  ever  varied  stream 
of  life  to  which  our  students  are  exposed 
is  persistent  and  demanding  and  sets  our 
schools  apart.  No  humdrum  monotony 
here,  but  constant  association  with 
reality.  Our  schools  are  never  dull. 

Much  may  De  said  for  learning  while 
on  the  job.  It  is  the  old  apprenticeship 
system,  modernized  by  better  methods 
of  supervision  and  guidance.  But  the 
apprentice  who  look*?  up  to  hi.^  master 
workman  renders  no  mean  service  to  our 
schools,  providing  the  master  workman 
is  worthy  of  his  apprentice.  So  many  in- 
spiring and  satisfying  situations  occur 
in  nursing  that  other  schools  would 
find  it  difficult  or  impossible  to  exper- 
ience. For  instance,  our  students  work 
shoulder  to  shoulder  with  their  teachers 
and  professors  outside  the  classroom 
and  this  very  fact  should  prevent 
cleavage  of  theory  and  practice.  How 
often,  more  especially  at  night,  do 
our  students  share  with  the  physi- 
cian a  great  responsibility  to  life. 
Their  contribution  to  the  successful  out- 
come is  so  often  a  vital  factor.  At  such 
times  the  students  are  entitled  to  receive 
acknowledgement  of  the  part  they  have 
played,  it  is  but  common  courtesy,  teem- 
ing with  educational  and  satisfying  va- 
lues. Only  a  little  self-analysis  is  neces- 


sary to  illustrate  how  far-reaching  is  the 
effect  on  the  moulding  process  we  aim 
to  achieve. 

I  have  found  the  student's  judgment 
and  observation  most  refreshing  and 
helpful  in  studying  effects  of  the  newer 
drug  therapy.  Pharmaceutical  houses  are 
releasing  new  chemical  combinations  so 
rapidly  that  even  their  list  of  effects 
can  stand  some  revising.  These  observa- 
tions influence  medical  thought,  rein- 
force science,  and  safeguard  life.  It  is 
always  encouraging  to  feel  one  has  a 
place  in  the  mosaic  of  human  affairs  so 
let  us  be  generous  in  our  recognition  of 
the  contributions  made  by  the  student. 

Life  cannot  reach  its  fullest  propor- 
tions without  satisfaction.  I  have  listed 
a  few  means  to  this  end,  not  the  least  of 
which  is  creation.  The  child  who  builds 
his  block  castle  experiences  a  happiness 
without  which  life  is  drab.  The  person 
who  can  tactfully  guide  the  creative 
instinct,  so  definitely  a  human  quality, 
through  useful  channels  to  the  stage  of 
satisfaction  has  accomplished  much.  We 
have  many  opportunities  for  this  in  nurs- 
ing. None  better  perhaps  than  the  pa- 
tient assignment  system,  where  each 
nurse  must  think  in  terms  of  her  patient 
as  a  whole,  whose  varied  physical,  men- 
tal and  emotional  states  present  a  cons- 
tant challenge  to  the  creative  spirit. 
Many  other  qualities  might  be  listed  on 
our  credit  side.  We  take  them  for  grant- 
ed because  their  roots  are  deeply  en- 
twined with  the  past  and  they  are  part 
of  us.  But,  to  this  day,  they  give  our 
School  something  vital  that  we  shall 
do  well  to  cherish. 


Vol.  38  No.  4 


Planning  a  Refresher  Course 


Marion  Boisford 


When  a  call  went  out  during  tiie 
j>ast  year  for  the  enrolment  of  married 
and  inactive  nurses  for  service  in  the 
community  in  the  event  of  an  epidemic 
or  emergency,  the  response  in  Manitoba 
was  immediate  and  enthusiastic.  By  De- 
cember, in  the  city  of  Winnipeg,  one 
hundred  and  one  graduates  from  hospi- 
tals in  England,  the  United  States,  and 
all  parts  of  Canada  had  enrolled  for  full- 
or  part-time  service.  It  was  pointed  out, 
however,  that  man}'  of  these  volunteers, 
although  willing  to  serve,  had  been  out 
of  touch  with  nursing  for  many  years. 
A  refresher  course  was,  therefore,  sug- 
gested and  seventy  nurses  expressed  their 
desire  to  be  brought  up  to  date  on  the 
latest  developments  in  scientific  medi- 
cine with  its  corresponding  influence  on 
nursing  methods  and  procedures.  The 
Manitoba  Association  of  Registered  Nur- 
ses felt  that  this  response  was  a  challenge 
to  the  active  members  of  the  nursing 
profession,  and  that  it  must  be  answered 
by  the  best  that  could  be  offered  in  up- 
to-the-minute  data  on  modern  methods, 
to  meet  the  needs  of  the  nurses  offering 
their  services  and  the  hospitals  and  com- 
munities where  their  services  might  be 
required. 

The  preparation  of  a  program  was 
soon  undertaken  to  include  lectures  and 
demonstrations  on  the  newer  drugs,  ab- 
dominal surgery,  medical  diseases,  ob- 
stetrics, pediatrics,  communicable  dis- 
ease and  community  resources.  In  addi- 
tion, it  was  necessary  to  include  a  com- 
prehensive series  of  classes  in  emergency 
nursing  to  prepare  graduate  nurses  to 
supervise  some  forty  first  aid  stations, 
for  which  plans  were  being  made  by  a 
Central  Committee  on  Civilian  Defense. 
It  was  realized  that  the  educational  pro- 


gram must  be  based  on  sound  education- 
al principles  and  the  symposium  plan 
was  chosen  as  the  most  effective  method 
of  presentation.  All  aspects  of  each  dis- 
cussion could  thus  be  correlated  to  show 
the  complete  picture  of  the  patient,  with 
the  factors  influencing  his  condition  and 
environment. 

The  f>oints  of  view  to  be  considered 
were:  the  medical,  pharmaceutical,  nurs- 
ing, dietary  and  preventive  aspects  which 
would  include  the  modern  scientific  dis- 
coveries which  have  affected  diagnosis 
and  treatment;  recent  outstanding  ad- 
vances in  chemotherapy  and  the  newer 
drugs;  changes  in  nursing  theory  and 
practice  which  necessarily  followed  the 
advance  in  scientific  medicine;  diet 
therapy  which  had  been  affected  in  a 
like  manner;  and  the  advance  in  pre- 
ventive medicine  which  is  now  recog- 
nized to  be  of  major  concern  to  doctors 
and  nurses  alike. 

This  ambitious  program  must  neces- 
sarily be  covered  in  a  limited  number  of 
lectures  because  of  the  home  responsi- 
bilities of  most  of  the  members  of  the 
class  as  well  as  the  additional  Red  Cross 
and  war  work  almost  everyone  is  under- 
taking at  the  present  time.  A  schedule 
of  fifteen  two-hour  periods  was  there- 
fore arranged,  classes  to  be  held  in  the 
evening  from  7.30  to  9.30  p.m.,  on  two 
evenings  each  week,  at  the  Medical  Col- 
lege where  a  theatre  was  reserved  for 
this  purpose.  A  fee  of  $2  was  charged  to 
defray  expenses  of  the  course. 

The  next  problem  to  be  considered 
was  that  of  the  teaching  personnel,  which 
again  must  be  the  best  available  —  not 
only  from  the  point  of  view  of  knowl- 
edge of  each  specialty,  but  from  that  of 
ability  to  present  the  material  effectively. 


APRIL,  1942 


249 


250 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


Doctors,  pharmacists,  nurses  and  dieti- 
tians were  then  approached  and  the  res- 
ponse of  everj'^  gi'oup  was  most  gratify- 
ing. 

Encouraged  by  this  wilh'ng  co-opera- 
tion, programs  were  then  printed  and 
distributed,  notices  appeared  in  the  local 
newspapers  and  mimeographed  material 
on  the  first  lecture  was  prepared.  Faci- 
lities for  showing  lantern  slides  and  x-ray 
plates  were  obtained  and  -a  unit  which 
included  a  bed,  chair  and  bedside  table 
with  a  Chase  doll  was  borrowed  from 
the  class  room  of  a  nearby  hospital. 

The  stage  was  finally  set  for  the 
opening  lecture  which  was  to  commence 
at  7.30  p.m.  However,  by  7.15,  the 
theatre,  with  a  seating  capacity  of  100, 
was  obviously  inadequate  to  accommo- 
date the  eager  audience  which  continued 
to  assemble.  Fortunately  another  room 
was  available  in  the  same  building  where 
almost  200  nurses  have  faithfully  at- 
tended each  class  with  ever-increasing 
interest  and  enthusiasm. 

In  addition  to  the  lectures  and  demon- 
strations, a  period  of  observation  was 
arranged    in    the    hospitals   through    the 


co-operation  of  the  superintendents  t»f 
nurses.  Sixty  members  of  the  class,  who 
had  been  out  of  touch  with  actual  bed- 
side nursing  for  many  years,  welcomed 
this  opportunity  to  regain  confidence  in 
their  ability  to  give  efficient  and  intelli- 
gent nursing  care.  The  attitude  of  these 
mature  women  towards  the  patients  in 
the  wards  of  our  hospitals  may  reason- 
ably serve  as  an  example  to  the  young 
nurses  who,  although  they  are  skilful 
and  adept  in  the  practice  of  scientific 
procedures,  may  lack  those  attributes  of 
kindliness  and  understanding  which  are 
only  developed  through  varied  personal 
experience  and  which  contribute  so  much 
to  the  physical  and  mental  welfare  of 
the  patient.  There  is  little  doubt  that 
the  understanding  and  appreciation  of 
basic  human  needs  which  these  women 
have  learned  to  value  during  the  course 
of  their  everyday  lives  was,  to  a  great 
extent,  the  impetus  which  caused  them 
to  leave  their  cozy  firesides  to  attend  a 
refresher  course  which  would  give  them 
a  knowledge  of  scientific  methods  which 
will  enable  them  to  give  the  best  in  ex- 
pert nursing  care  when  the  need  arises. 


Obit 


uaries 


Henrietta  Dunlop  died  recently 
in  Montreal.  Miss  Dunlop  was  a  grad- 
uate of  the  School  of  Nursing  of  the 
Montreal  General  Hospital  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Class  of  1893.  Throughout 
a  long  and  useful  professional  career 
she  rendered  outstanding  service  as  a 
private  duty  nurse  and  was  greatly  be- 
loved by  her  patients.  Miss  Dunlop  was 
a  char'^er  member  of  the  Alumnae  As- 
sociation of  her  School  and  served  as  the 
first  secretary-treasurer  of  the  mutual 
benefit  association,  a  position  which  she 
filled    for    many   years.    At   the    annual 


dinner  of  the  Alumnae  Association,  held 
in  June  1941,  Miss  Dunlop  was  made 
a  life  member  as  a  token  of  I'he  appre- 
ciation and  the  affection  of  her  fellow 
members. 


Josephine  Londeau  died  on  Feb- 
ruary 13,  1942.  For  twenty-eight  years 
Miss  Londeau  had  rendered  devoted 
and  faithful  service  as  night  supervisor 
in  the  Ho"el-Dieu  de  St.  Joseph,  Wind- 
sor, Ontario.  She  was  a  graduate  of  the 
School  of  Nursing  of  this  Hospital,  and 
a  member  of  the  Class  of  1914. 


Vol.  38  No.  4 


PUBLIC    HEALTH   NURSING 


Contributed  by  the  Public  Health  Section  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association. 


Health  —  an  Experience  for  All 


Edith  M.  McDowell 


"The  sum  total  of  man's  environ- 
ment is  the  instrument  of  his  education." 
This  is  the  challenge  flung  by  an  emi- 
nent educationalist  to  a  modern  world. 
Those  who  take  refuge  behind  the 
school,  hoping  to  escape  responsibility, 
must  now  come  out  into  the  open  and 
acknowledge  that  in  so  far  as  they  con- 
tribute in  any  way  to  the  experience  of 
the  child,  they  are  responsible  for  his 
education.  It  is  vain  to  attempt  within  the 
school  the  development  of  an  apprecia- 
tion of  the  good  life  unless  the  environ- 
ment beyond  the  school  is  a  daily  ex- 
perience of  that  way  of  life.  But  the 
school,  too,  must  accept  the  challenge.  It 
is  vain  to  implement  within  the  school 
a  program  which  is  merely  an  echo  of 
something  that  belongs  to  the  past  and 
does  not  provide  the  experiences  which 
develop  the  child  for  the  reality  of  liv- 
ing in  a  changing  world.  Misplaced  em- 
phasis with  regard  to  the  relative  im- 
portance of  subject  matter,  and  tena- 
cious clinging  to  traditional  methods, 
have  given  the  school-experience  a  re- 
moteness that  has  led  to  much  confu- 
sion in  the  minds  of  our  people. 

In  the  curriculum  of  the  Los  Angeles 
city  schools  there  appears  this  terse  in- 
terrogation: "What  shall  it  profit  the 
child  if  he  gain  the  whole  curriculum  and 
lose    his   own    health?"    Read    it   asfain. 


Does  it  not  imply  that  the  curriculum 
is  valueless  unless  it  takes  care  of  the 
health  of  the  child?  I  would  be  greatly 
concerned  for  the  success  of  teaching 
square  root  to  a  child  who  had  not  had 
a  square  deal  in  the  matter  of  food, 
clothing,  shelter  and  emotional  security. 
Many  years  ago  there  appeared  on  the 
English  market  a  book  entitled  "Day 
Dreams  of  a  Schoolmaster."  The  day 
dreams  centered  around  a  classroom 
filled  with  sturdy,  spirited  boys  who,  in 
those  days  of  the  cane,  were  repressed 
with  difficulty.  Among  them  sat  a  little 
lad  whose  wan  pallor  and  lack  of  vitality 
so  touched  the  schoolmaster's  heart  that 
difficulties  with  Latin  were  glossed  over 
with  unexpected  tenderness.  One  morn- 
ing his  place  was  vacant.  Tuberculosis 
had  claimed  him.  For  many  years  after 
the  schoolmaster's  memory  stirred  wist- 
fully for  the  little  lad  "who  was  back- 
ward in  his  Latin."  Of  course,  we  do 
not  err  so  grossly  and  yet,  before  us  lie 
the  facts  and  figures  concerning  rejec- 
tions on  medical  grounds  of  both  men 
and  women  who  have  volunteered  for 
war  service,  and  we  realize  grimly  that 
health  practice  through  health  knowl- 
edge has  in  some  way  eluded  our  grasp. 
We  are  feverishly  active  with  programs 
for  the  home  front.  What  about  the  boys 
and  girls  in  our  schools  today?  Are  they 


APRIL,  1942 


251 


252 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


to  be  another  forgotten  generation? 
When  we  call  them  to  build  the  better 
world  of  the  future  will  forty-six  per 
cent  of  them  fail  to  make  the  Grade  A 
class  of  young  men  and  women  whose 
courage  and  vitality  will  be  needed  for 
this  task?  Will  many  of  them  be  dis- 
covered with  defective  hearts  that  might 
have  beeji  normal  had  our  present  pro- 
gram included  that  protection  which 
modern  science  affords?  Or  will  their 
capacities  and  talents  for  creative  living 
be  develoj>ed  through  health  practice  and 
health  knowledge  which  is  their  birth- 
right? 

The  teacher  and  the  public  health 
nurse  hold  in  their  hands  to  an  incal- 
culable extent  the  guarantee  of  a  s'^rong 
vigorous  youth  who  shall  be  our  citizens 
of  tomorrow.  Education  for  health  be- 
haviour as  a  way  of  personal  and  social 
living  cannot  be  achieved  except  as  it 
grows  out  of  all  child  experiences  in  tiie 
home,  school  and  community.  This  calls 
for  the  preparation  of  teachers  who  shall 
be  keenly  aware  of  the  social  significance 
of  their  work,  so  that  the  school  environ- 
ment shall  make  health  a  daily,  hourly, 
minute-by-minute  experience  within  the 
school  program.  This  relieves  the  public 
health  nurse  entirely  of  the  task  of  going 
into  the  classroom  to  deliver  weekly  or 
bi-weekly  health  talks  which  do  not  be- 
gin to  take  care  of  health  in  and  through 
educanon.  She  has  no  more  justification 
for  doing  this  than  she  would  have  for 
deliverijig  spasmodic  talks  on  mathema- 
tics or  French.  The  public  health  nurse 
is  a  s[>ecialist  in  the  field  of  disease  pre- 
vention and  health  construction.  She 
functions  in  a  liaison  capacity  between 
home    and    school.    The    teacher    needs 


her  help  as  a  health  consultant,  not  only 
for  advice  as  to  school  health  problems, 
but  also  to  point  out  the  opportunities 
for  co-ordinating  health  through  every 
subject  in  the  curriculum.  The  teacher 
needs  her  help  in  building  up  a  safe  and 
healthful  home  environment.  Together, 
they  should  throw  their  weight  into 
many  community  projects  which  would 
form  a  bulwark  around  the  efforts  of 
the  school. 

Perhaps  the  departments  of  health 
and  education  should  always  have  been 
one  and  the  same  department.  Certain- 
ly our  functions  should  never  have  be- 
come so  widely  separated  as  they  are  at 
present.  This  brings  a  challenge  to 
every  public  health  nurse.  How  much 
do  you  know  of  the  school  curriculum? 
Are  your  ideas  of  the  school  too  tradi- 
tional? Do  you  know  that  the  tradi- 
tional foundations  of  teaching  method 
are  being  shaken  profoundly  today? 
Are  you  prepared  to  give  advice  with  re- 
gard to  integrating  and  correlating 
health  in  the  school  program?  Can  you 
swing  your  own  thinking  free  of  our 
many  outmoded  traditions,  so  that  your 
functions  as  a  health  advisor  may  become 
cr)'Stallized  toward  courageous,  "all 
out"  endeavour? 

Health  is  not  only  a  social  necessity. 
Health  for  all,  in  its  broadest  sense  be- 
comes an  imperative  in  the  democratic 
way  of  life.  That  is  our  signal  to  close 
our  ranks  so  that  health  education  shall 
not  consist  of  pretty  posters,  nursery 
rhymes  and  desultory  talks  that  have 
obviously  accomplished  but  little,  but 
rather  that  health  in  education  shall  be 
evidenced  by  better  citizens  in  a  better 
world. 


Vol.   38  No.   4 


GENERAL    NURSING 


Contributed  by  the  General  Nursing  Section  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association. 


A  Difficult  Case 


K.   Magee  and  M.  Beacock 


One  wintci-  evening  I  was  called  to 
n  house  on  "Influential  Heights",  where 
I  found  Mr.  A.  suffering  from  a  heavi- 
ness in  the  chest,  slight  air-hunger,  se- 
vere diaphoresis,  temperature  of  103  de- 
grees, and  sleeplessness.  The  doctor  had 
warned  me  previously  of  a  bronchial 
pneumonia.  It  seemed  my  patient  had 
been  ailing  for  some  five  weeks,  begin- 
ning with  the  "flu",  and  developing  in*o 
bronchitis.  He  had  no  apf>etite  during 
that  time  and  lost  weight  quite  rapidly. 

Unfortunately,  Mr.  A.,  a  highly 
strung  gentleman  of  early  middle  age, 
did  not  strictly  obey  his  doctor's  orders, 
refusing  to  remain  in  bed  and  question- 
ing his  treatment.  This  resulted  in  a 
condition  rapidly  growing  worse,  and 
one  desperately  in  need  of  hospital  care. 
The  day  after  I  arrived,  he  was  admitted 
to  hospital  with  a  history  of  several  chest 
illnesses.  Examinations  and  clinical  tests 
iov  tuberculosis  had  proved  fruitless.  His 
occupation  kept  him  closed  in,  involving 
a  certain  amount  of  mental  strain  be- 
cause of  his  influential  position. 

The  first  x-ray  after  admission  con- 
firmed a  broncho-pneumonic  condition 
of  the  left  lung.  Soludagenan,  to  coun- 
teract the  infection,  was  administered  at 
once  and  at  regular  intervals  for  three 
days.  Severe  nausea  indicated  a  change 
in    treatment;    Edvinal    was    tried    with 


the  same  result,  so  prontylin  was  given 
per  ora  but  gradually  brought  about  the 
same  effect  and  it  too  was  discontinued. 
Sinapisms  and  oxygen  to  relieve  con- 
ges''ion  and  air-hunger  were  applied.  In- 
travenous of  glucose  to  nourish,  and  se- 
datives to  induce  sleep  were  given,  and 
heart  and  respiratory  stimulants  were 
administered.  A  blood  transfusion  was 
given,  and  repeated  at  regular  intervals. 

On  the  third  day  in  hospital,  the  pa- 
tient's abdomen  became  distended  and 
hard.  Linseed  poultices  were  applied 
and  enemas  given,  with  pituitrin  in  small 
doses.  Considerable  relief  was  obtained 
and,  after  prolonged  treatment,  this 
condition  subsided.  Severe  constipation 
persisted  throughout  the  case  and  ene- 
mas were  regular  treatments,  cathartics 
proving  to  be  ineffectual  and  nauseating. 
Retention  of  urine  was  evident  after  the 
sixth  day  and  the  insertion  of  a  retention 
catheter   became   necessary. 

The  prognosis  was  considered  poor 
almost  from  the  first,  owing  to  the  pa- 
tient's very  weak  condition,  caused  by 
his  prolonged  illness  at  home.  During 
the  first  week  he  had  chills  almost  every 
day.  His  temperature  ranged  from  97 
degrees  to  104  degrees;  the  pulse  was 
140  but  strong  and  steady.  At  the  end 
of  the  second  week  the  chills  ceased,  the 
temperature  aba'^ed  to  some  extent,  but 


APRIL,  1942 


253 


254 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


the  pulse  became  weaker  and  the  pa- 
tient's condition  was  considered  poor.  A 
chest  aspiration,  and  culture  of  the  fluid 
obtained,  revealed  a  streptoccic  infection. 
No  relief  of  air-hunger  was  apparent  af- 
ter several  aspirations.  An  x-ray  at  this 
point  showed  an  increase  in  the  invol- 
vement of  the  left  chest  with  the  heart 
becoming  more  and  more  displaced  to- 
ward the  right  by  a  collection  of  fluid 
in  the  left  base. 

During  this  time  the  patient  was 
forced  to  remain  in  Fowler's  position, 
being  unable  to  turn  on  either  side  owing 
to  severe  dyspnoea.  A  constant  breeze, 
in  below-zero  weather,  with  the  added 
help  of  an  electric  fan  and  an  oxygen 
tank,  did  not  always  ease  his  intense  air- 
hunger.  The  ward  was,  of  necessity,  un- 
comfortably cold  when  carrying  out 
nursing  procedures  throughout  the  en- 
tire case. 

Nearing  the  end  of  the  third  week, 
the  patient  began  to  expectorate  huge 
quantities  of  offensive,  purulent  sputum. 
This  lasted  two  days  and  gave  him  great 
relief  from  air-hunger.  The  tempera- 
ture subsided  but  the  pulse  remained 
*veak  and  thready  most  of  the  next  week. 


A  rib  resection  was  performed  anterioral- 
ly,  and  in  a  few  days  another  posterioral- 
ly.  Very  large  amounts  of  offensive  pu- 
rulent drainage  were  obtained.  An  x-ray 
following  the  resections  showed  the  em- 
pyema pockets  well  drained  and  the 
heart  almost  returned  to  its  normal  posi- 
tion. Though  great  relief  was  felt  for 
two  or  three  days,  and  the  patient's  con- 
dition appeared  to  be  generally  improv- 
ing, this  result  was  not  permanent.  His 
discomfort  increased  and  his  condition 
became  steadily  worse  until  he  lapsed  into 
a  state  of  unconciousness  during  his  sixth 
week  of  illness.  The  temperature  rose, 
the  pulse  became  rapid  and  weak,  the 
respirations  variable  and  shallow.  Eleven 
hours  later  the  patient  expired. 

Besides  the  attending  physician,  a 
prominent  urologist  and  a  surgeon  were 
taken  into  consultation,  and  lent  their 
skill.  Death,  according  to  these  physi- 
cians, was  due  to  general  septicaemia. 
The  W.B.C.  was  almost  normal 
throughout.  From  the  standpoint  of  the 
nurse  this  case  was  difficult,  in  that  the 
patient  was  very  intriactable,  and  inter- 
esting because  of  the  great  possibilities 
to  employ  her  nursing  skill. 


Letters  from  Sweden 


Elizabeth  Lyster 


Author's  Note:  While  on  a  holiday 
in  New  York  City,  in  March  1940,  I 
learned  of  a  Field  Hospital  Unit  which 
was  being  formed  to  give  medical  and 
nursing  aid  to  Finland  in  the  war  which 
they  were  fighting  against  Russia  at 
that  time.  I  was  lucky  enough  to  be 
accepted  as  a  member  of  this  Unit  and, 
although  the  war  had  come  to  an  end 
before  we  sailed,  it  was  thought  that 
we  could  give  valuable  help  in  recons- 


truction. However,  as  shown  in  the 
following  letters,  the  German  invasion 
of  Norway  brought  about  changes  in 
the  original  plans  of  the  Unit. 


Kohlby  Ga^rd 
September  2nd,   1940. 
Dear  M: 

Here  I  am  living  in  the  middle  of  a 
book — it  is  rather  unbelievable.   Kohlby 


Vol.  38  No.  4 


LETTERS   FROM    SWEDEN 


255 


Gaard  is  a  large  farm,  a  very  large  farm 
indeed  ,1500  acres,  in  fact!  Only  500 
acres  are  under  cultivation,  the  rest  is 
forest.  At  the  moment,  I  am  living  in  a 
house  by  myself  which  is  only  about  50 
years  old.  The  "stor  bus",  or  large 
house,  is  a  mere  250  years  or  at  least 
the  oldest  room  is,  the  rest  has  been  built 
on  at  different  times.  There  are  four 
immense  linden  trees  which  are  older 
thaji  the  house.  The  farm  itself  goes 
back  to  the  eleventh  or  twelfth  century. 
The  family  who  live  here  now  and  own 
the  farm,  have  only  been  here  a  couple 
of  generations.  There  are  four  children, 
two  boys  and  two  girls,  Cajar,  Gunner, 
Bertil  and  Bittan,  the  first  and  last  are 
girls.  Herr  E.  is  on  military  du*^y  but  is 
home  now  on  leave  to  see  to  matters 
around  the  farm.  Then  there  is  his  mo- 
ther who  is  83  years  old,  rather  shaky 
but  still  bright.  I  was  surprised  to  find 
her  doing  a  piece  of  needlepoint  twice 
as  big  and  twice  as  fine  as  my  famous 
piece. 

F'ru  E.  is  a  very  patient  soul.  Besides 
looking  after  all  the  household  affairs 
and  her  children  she  now  has  me  on 
her  hands — ♦^o  teach  Swedish.  Cajar 
and  Gunner  are  learning  English  and 
German  in  school  so  you  can  imagine 
what  the  conversation  at  the  dinner 
table  sounds  like.  In  one  week,  I  have 
done  many  things — de-waxed  and  de- 
honeyed  honey  combs,  strained  and 
bottled  the  honey  and  stuck  labels  on 
the  jars,  raked  the  driveway,  cleaned 
house  which  has  included  getting  down 
on  my  hands  and  knees  and  scrubbing 
floors,  picked  and  cleaned  dozens  of 
mushrooms,  and  now  the  housemaid  has 
gone  away  on  her  two  weeks  holiday 
and  I  am  taking  her  place  waiting  on 
'"able,  drying  dishes  and  doing  her  clean- 
ing in  the  mornings.  I  still  have  my 
meals  with  the  family.  If  I  were  not 
here,  Cajar  would  do  this  work. 


Everything  is  on  such  a  profuse  scale 
— so  many  trees,  flowers,  apple  trees, 
fields  full  of  drying  grain  and  load  after 
load  being  hauled  in  each  day,  hour  after 
hour,  to  the  elevator  in  the  barn.  Of 
course,  there  are  cows  and  horses  and 
chickens  but  nobody  around  the  house 
seems  to  have  to  do  anything  about 
them.  There  are  houses  scattered  around 
the  place  where  the  men  and  their  fa- 
milies live  who  do  the  work  on  the  farm 
under  the  supervision  of  a  foreman  and 
Herr  E. 

We  are  both  a  bit  discouraged  about 
the  speed  at  which  we  are  not  learning 
Swedish,  but  that  is  foolish  as  no  one 
could  possibly  learn  very  much  in  one 
week  and,  under  fhese  conditions,  it  is 
a  bit  confusing.  It  is  too  bad  we  wasted 
so  much  time  this  summer,  but  then  we 
didn't  know.  In  my  spare  moments, 
which  do  not  seem  to  be  many  I  am 
kn.'tt  ne  a  pair  of  socks  for  Fru  E,  yes, 
for  soldiers! 

This  morning,  while  we  were  peace- 
fully pasting  labels  on  honey  jars,  the 
foreman  rushed  in  with  a  very  worried 
face  and  I  gathered  that  there  had  been 
an  accident  and  while  Fru  E.  ran  to 
telephone  for  an  ambulance,  I  was  told 
to  follow  the  foreman  which  I  did  as 
fast  as  I  could,  on  a  bicycle,  for  half  a 
mile  or  so,  to  find  an  oldish  man  lying 
in  a  pool  of  blood.  No  one  seemed  to 
know  for  certain  what  had  happened, 
but  I  gathered  that  he  had  fallen  on  a 
cement  floor.  I  felt  that  possibly  he  had 
fractured  his  skull  and,  as  it  turned  out, 
he  had.  There  was  really  little  to  do  till 
the  ambulance  turned  up,  which  it  did 
fairly  soon,  thank  goodness. 

Fru  E.  is  making  me  read  aloud  from 
one  of  the  children's  books  which  is  a 
good  idea  but  must  drive  her  nearly 
frantic.  She  "hears  me  lessons" — words 
and  sentences  which  I  learn — and  her 
patience    really   seems   to    be    unlimited. 


APRIL,  1942 


256 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


My  only  English  book  is  "The  Im- 
portance of  Living"  which  is  very  sa- 
tisfactory. There  is  one  by  Dorothy 
Sayers,  in  Swedish,  and  some  fine  day  I 
am  going  to  read  it.  At  the  moment,  it 
is  too  slow  going  for  a  Dorothy  Sayers. 
It  was  amusing  to  see  the  books  trans- 
lated into  Swedish  in  the  book  s'^ores  in 
Stockholm ;  there  are  many  of  Eleanor 
Glynn  and  Ethel  M.  Dell  is  also  well 
represented.  However,  that  is  not  quite 
a  fair  picture,  as  apparently  many  of  the 
new  and  old  good  books  are  known  and 
read.  I  was  in  a  home  the  other  evening 
where  there  were  many  fine  books  trans- 
lated from  English  and  French  and  Rus- 
sian authors,  in  fact,  real  classics.  I  only 
wished  that  I  had  been  able  to  borrow 
and  read  them. 


Kohlby  Ganrd 
November  24th,  1940 
Dear  M: 

As  you  see  I  am  still  at  Kohlby,  and 
expect  to  be  till  the  new  year.  It  will 
be  rather  fun  seeing  how  Christmas  is 
celebrated  in  a  Swedish  home.  My  Swe- 
dish is  growing  slowly.  I  have  read  one 
book  and  half  of  the  one  by  Dorothy 
Sayers  and  now  am  struggling  along 
in  the  first  of  Gulbranson's  three  which 
I  have  already  read  in  English.  I  am 
getting  to  the  point  where  I  can  make 
myself  understood  most  of  the  time  and 
can  follow  casual  conversations  pretty 
well.  Cajar  said  the  other  day  that  I 
spoke  well  and  pronounced  my  words 
"pa  svenska",  which  was  quite  a  com- 
pliment! She  is  at  the  very  intolerant 
stage  of  development,  so  I  was  properly 
thrilled. 

I  have  been  to  the  Island  of  Oland. 
It  is  a  two-hour  boat  trip  from  Kalmar 
to  Borgholm.  There  are  the  remains  of 
an  old  castle  and,  a  mile  or  two  from 
the  town,  the  modern   and   very   "Ita- 


lianiska"  castle  where  the  Royal  family 
spends  part  of  each  summer.  We  brought 
a  picnic  lunch  and  laid  the  things  out  on 
a  bench  by  the  side  of  the  road  and  stood 
round  munching  happily,  in  a  nice 
drenching  shower,  clutching  an  umbrel- 
la in  one  hand  and  food  in  the  other. 

On  Monday,  we  were  invited  to  V — 
to  see  the  horses  which  they  breed  there. 
This  is  another  large  Gaard  which  has 
been  in  the  family  for  hundreds  of  years 
and  there  is  a  title  and  crest  floating 
around  somewhere.  Some  of  the  build- 
ings are  300  years  old,  huge  and  in  good 
repair  and  used  till  this  day.  We  saw 
the  horses  and,  as  it  was  meal  time, 
down  the  narrow  raised  walk  between 
the  large  box-like  stalls  the  necks  and 
heads  moved  and  curved  amid  the 
sound  of  munching  and  crunching  which 
filled  the  air.  After  this  we  visited  the 
pigs  and  again  it  was  meal  time,  only 
here  the  food  was  later  arriving  and 
about  150  pigs,  big  pigs,  medium  pigs 
and  little  pigs  were  breaking  the  air  into 
incredible  tatters  and  volumes  of  sound. 
One  vicious  animal  stood  on  her  hind 
legs  and  grunted  and  snarled  at  us, 
if  a  pig  can  snarl.  She  had  recently 
eaten  her  whole  litter  of  nine.  She  looked 
that  sort. 

There  is  a  second  house  on  Kalmar 
Sound  where  the  mother  of  the  family 
lives.  It  is  the  oldest  timber  house  in 
Sweden  and  has  never  burned  down. 
It  has  been  renovated  inside  and  has  the 
most  beautiful  lines.  The  windows  along 
one  side  look  over  the  water  of  the  sound 
and,  in  the  distance,  the  long  low  line 
of  Oland  stretches  like  a  smudge  of 
smoke  alone:  the  horizon. 


News  flash!  I  have  just  heard  I  have 
a  job  and  leave  here  in  a  day  or  so  for 
Falun.  I  shall  be  at  the  Hogbo  Sana- 
torium.   I   get    106    kronor   per   month 


Vol.  38  No.  4 


IN    HONOUR    OF    MISS   SAMUEL 


257 


(about  $26),  with   free  board,  lodging  and    traditions  of   Sweden   still   live   on 

and  laundry,  which  is  good  pay  in  this  there,  I  shan't  see  Christmas  in  a  Swe- 

part  of  the  world.  Falun  is  the  big  town  dish  home  after  all,  but  they  celebrate 

of  the  Dalarna  district  and  is  north  and  in  the  hospitals  too  and  perhaps  it  will 

a  little  west  of  Stockholm.  They  say  the  be  just  as  well  to  be  working, 
country   is   beautiful   and   the   old   ways  {To  be  continued^ 


In  Honour  of  Miss  Samuel 


The  members  of  the  School  for  Grad- 
uate Nurses,  McGill  University,  were 
recently  privileged  to  meet  Miss  Mary 
Samuel  and  to  ask  her  to  be  the  first 
to  sign  the  School  Guest  Book,  which 
was  a  gift  from  this  year's  students.  A 
feature  of  this  visit  was  the  placing  of 
her  pho'^ograph  in  the  library  to  take 
its  place  among  those  of  other  nursing 
leaders,  who  have  been  friends  and 
benefactors  of  the  School.  This  pleasant 
duty  was  performed  by  Miss  Palliser, 
who  was  enrolled  in  the  teaching  and 
supervision  course  when  Miss  Samuel 
was  on  the  staff  of  the  School  and  who 
is  at  present  undertaking  a  course  in 
hospit^al  and  school  of  nursing  adminis- 
tration. 

Miss  Samuel  has  a  capacity  for 
strengthening  one's  philosophy,  and 
undoubtedl}-  influenced  all  her  listeners 
as  she  wove  the  threads  of  her  per- 
sonality into  our  life  patterns.  She  has 
left  with  us  hope  for  the  future,  and  a 
plea  for  calmness  of  outlook.  The  long 
perspective  of  which  Miss  Samuel  spoke, 
reminds  us  of  a  statement,  made  by 
A.  G.  Keller,  and  quoted  by  Dr.  Bagley 
in  his  book.  Education  and  the  Emer- 
gent Man:  "Providence  is  so  slow  and 
our  desire  so  impatient;  the  work  of 
progress  is  so  immense,  and  our  means 
of  aiding  it  so  feeble;  the  life  of  huma- 
nity is  so  long  and  that  of  the  indi- 
vidual so  brief,  that  we  often  see  only 


the  ebb  of  the  advancing  wave,  and  are 
thus  discouraged.  It  is  history  that 
teaches  us  to  hope." 

Such  faith  has  been  characteristic  of 
all  leaders,  and  we  are  proud  to  know 
Miss  Samuel  as  a  foremost  leader  in 
nursing.  She  was  born  in  Hamilton, 
Ontario,  and  received  her  formal  edu- 
cation in  Montreal,  in  Nimes  in  France, 
and  in  Edinburgh.  She  graduated  from 
the  New  York  Hospital  School  of  Nurs- 
ing in   1893,  and  subsequently  rendered 


Mary  A.  Samuel 


APRIL,  1942 


258 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


outstanding  service  as  assistant  superin- 
tendent and  matron  in  the  Post-Grad- 
uate  Hospital  in  New  York.  She  then 
became  superintendent  of  nurses  and 
principal  of  the  School  of  Nursing  of 
the  Roosevelt  Hospital,  New  York,  and 
later  was  appointed  superintendent  of 
nurses  and  principal  of  the  School  of 
Nursing  at  Lakeside  Hospital  in  Cleve- 
land. Upon  her  return  to  Canada  she 
served  as  a  social  service  worker  with 
the  Canadian  Patriotic  Fund  in  Mont- 
real and  during  1918  was  invited  to 
become  a  member,  for  a  period  of  four 
months,  of  the  staff  of  the  Army  School 
of  Nursing  in  Washington,  D.  C.  From 
1920  to  1927,  Miss  Samuel  assisted 
Miss  Madeline  Shaw  to  organize  the 
School  for  Graduate  Nurses  in  McGill 
University;  she  served  as  instructor  in 
administration  and  made  a  most  valuable 
contribution  to  the  development  of  the 
school. 

With  a  twinkle  in  her  eye  and  a  note 
of  satisfaction  in  her  voice.  Miss  Sa- 
muel told  of  how  the  old  order 
changeth,  yielding  place  to  new;  of  how 
democracy  was  replacing  traditional 
military  trends  in  nursing  and  lending 
itself  to  a  firm  foundation  for  develof>- 
ment  and  continuous  growth.  We  par- 
ticularly enjoyed  hearing  her  personal 
experiences  and  her  introduction  to 
night  duty  was  perhaps  the  most  strik- 
ing. It  was  then  customary  to  keep 
secret  proposed  changes  of  duty  and 
there  had  to  be  an  element  of  surprise, 
as  though  a  shock  were  good  for  the 
soul  of  a  nurse  and  within  the  short 
period  of  twenty-four  hours,  a  nurse 
sometimes  found  herself  as  head  of  a 
new  and  strange  ward  for  a  term  of 
eight  months  night  duty. 

The  question  of  textbooks  was  no 
problem  when  Miss  Samuel  was  a  stu- 
dent. Every  conscientious  nurse  carried 
with  her  a  copy  of  Clara  Weeks  "Text- 


book of  Nursing"  and,  as  medicine  be- 
came more  complex,  it  was  necessary 
to  add  a  second  book,  "Materia  Med- 
ica",  by  Lavinia  Dock.  Nursing  service, 
and  not  nursing  education,  was  stres- 
sed during  Miss  Samuel's  training  pe- 
riod and,  although  a  certain  amount  of 
book  knowledge  was  gleaned,  she  re- 
alized that  her  growth  was  greater  fol- 
lowing her  student  days  than  during 
them.  It  was  interesting  to  hear  Miss 
Samuel  compare  her  training  days  with 
our  present  approved  hospital  and  uni- 
versity schools  and  with  the  depart- 
ments of  nursing  in  Canadian  univer- 
sities which  offer  such  excellent  faci- 
lities for  post-graduate  study. 

Miss  Samuel  is  proud  of  her  associa- 
tion with  the  McGill  School  for  Grad- 
uate Nurses  and  welcomes  every  op- 
portunity to  revive  memories  and  re- 
new acquaintances.  In  her  own  words, 
her  latest  visit  made  her  feel  years 
younger  and  took  her  back  to  days 
when  she  was  helping  to  put  the  school 
on  its  feet.  The  students  of  the  School 
were  able  to  become  acquainted  with 
her  in  the  library,  where  we  all  enjoyed 
tea  and  a  sing-song  before  an  open  fire 
and  we  gratefully  thank  our  instruc- 
tresses. Miss  Lindeburgh  and  Miss  Ma- 
thewson,  for  arranging  such  a  happy 
occasion. 

Miss  Samuel  has  a  personality  which 
is  attractive  and  inspiring,  and  in  her  one 
is  able  to  detect  a  sense  of  inward  peace 
and  a  faith  in  mankind.  She  is  so  charm- 
ing and  unassuming  in  her  relationships 
with  people,  that  to  speak  with  her  makes 
one  recall  the  poem,  "The  House  by 
the  Side  of  the  Road",  wherein  the 
plea  is  made  to  be  a  friend  to  man, 
and  it  is  readily  seen  that  this  has  been 
her  way  of  life. 

Evelyn  Archer, 

President,  Class  of  1942, 

McGill  School  for  Graduate  Nurses 


Vol.  38  No.  4 


STUDENT   NURSES   PAGE 


Nursing  Care  in  Colostomy 

Sheila  Mingie 
Student  Nurse 
School  of  Nursingf  Royal   Victoria   Hospital^  Mo7itreol 


Mrs.  S.  was  recently  admitted  to  one 
of  the  surgical  wards  in  the  Royal  Vic- 
toria Hospital.  She  is  53  years  of  age 
and  has  lived  the  greater  part  of  her  life 
in  Canada.  She  has  no  recollection  of 
childhood  diseases  and  has  never  had  a 
serious  illness  or  accident. 

The  patient's  present  condition  no- 
ticeably dates  back  four  or  five  months 
when  she  first  noticed  blood  in  her 
bowel  movements.  The  doctor  who  was 
then  looking  after  her  gave  her  oil  and 
said  it  was  probably  due  to  haemorrhoids. 
Bleeding  was  not  continuous  and  several 
days  sometimes  elapsed  without  flow 
but  Mrs.  S.  began  to  be  very  worried 
about  her  condition  and  was  re-exam- 
ined by  her  doctor  who  performed  a 
proctoscopic  examination  and  advised 
the  patient  to  enter  hospital.  On  admis- 
sion, the  stools  were  still  streaked  with 
blood. 

Mrs.  S.  is  an  intelligent  and  co-oper- 
ative patient  who  has  managed  to  build 
up  a  remarkable  composure.  She  was  in 
no  pain  or  distress.  A  physical  examina- 
tion was  performed  and  a  diagnosis  made 
of  carcinoma  of  the  rectum,  rectal  poly- 
pus, and  mild  essential  hypertension.  A 
medical  consultation  was  requested  but 
this  disclosed  no  contra-indication  to  the 
operation    which   took   the    form    of   an 


abdomino-perineal  resection.  On  the 
table,  the  patient  received  a  transfusion 
of  600  c.c.  of  whole  blood  and  800  c.c. 
of  glucose  sahne.  Her  post-operative 
condition  was  good  and  she  was  given 
morphine  and  codeine  every  four  hours 
in  appropriate  doses.  Soludagenan  was 
also  administered  twice  daily,  and  she 
received  an  intravenous  of  1500  c.c. 

Nasal  suction  drainage  was  started 
the  following  day  and  the  stomach  was 
washed  out  with  normal  saline.  Then 
the  colostomy  was  opened  and  a  vase- 
line dressing  applied.  The  patient  was 
unable  to  void  and  was  catheterized 
every  ten  hours.  Standard  blood  pres- 
sure readings  were  recorded.  Spinal  pre- 
cautions were  carried  out  and  routine 
carbon  dioxide  bag  was  given.  The  na 
sal  suction  was  removed  the  next  day 
and  the  colostomy  began  to  function. 
A  day  later  the  posterior  incision  was  ir- 
rigated and  re-packed.  The  second  time 
this  was  changed  it  was  irrigated  with 
hydrogen  peroxide  and  liquid  paraffin 
packing  was  inserted.  Later,  the  colos- 
tomy began  to  give  some  trouble  due 
to  frequent  liquid  movements.  This  res- 
ponded to   Bismal   in  appropriate   doses. 

Mrs.  S.  progressed  satisfactorily  and 
was  soon  well  enough  to  be  transferred 
to   the   Convalescent   Home.    In    carins: 


APRIL,  1942 


260 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


for  her,  we  nurses  found  good  oppor-  would  be  no  fear  of  embarrassment.  She 
tunities  for  health  teaching.  We  were  was  a  very  willing  and  co-operative  pa- 
able  to  show  her  how  to  regulate  the  tient  who  benefited  from  observation 
colostomy    and    dress    it    so    that    there  and  took  pride  in  helping  herself. 


Refresher  Course  in  Child  Hygiene 


A  refresher  course  in  child  hygiene  will 
take  place  at  the  School  of  Nursing  of  the 
University  of  Toronto,  from  May  18  to  23, 
inclusive.  The  topics  dealt  with  are  both 
pertinent  and  useful,  especially  to  public 
health  nurses.  The  general  content  will  in- 
clude lectures  on  the  clinical  and  preven- 
tive aspects  of  the  following  selected  fields : 
the  eye,  Dr.  J.  F.  A.  Johnston,  senior  de- 
monstrator in  ophthalmology  (consultant  to 
C.N.I.B.)  ;  the  ear.  Dr.  Geo.  A.  Fee,  de- 
monstrator in  otolaryngology  (consultant  to 
National  Society  of  the  Deaf  and  the  Hard 
of  Hearing)  ;  the  skin.  Dr.  H.  A.  Dixon,  se- 
nior demonstrator  in  medicine ;  orthopaedic 
conditions.  Dr.  John  L.  McDonald  (consul- 
tant to  Ontario  Society  for  Crippled  Child- 
ren) ;  heart  disease,  Dr.  John  Keith,  junior 
demonstrator  in  paediatrics.  Dr.  J.  T.  Phair, 
chief  medical  officer.  Department  of  Health, 
Ontario,  will  speak  on  the  administrative 
problems  associated  with  these  fields.  Lec- 
tures  on   the   newer   developments   in   nutri- 


tion will  be  given  by  Dr.  E.  W.  McHenry, 
associate  professor  of  physiological  hygiene. 
The  mental  hygiene  of  the  preschool  child 
will  be  dealt  with  by  Mrs.  G.  C.  V.  Hewson, 
and  that  of  the  adolescent  by  Prof.  J.  D. 
Ketchum,  assistant  professor  of  psychology. 
Dr.  C.  M.  Hincks,  director  of  the  National 
Committee  for  Mental  Hygiene,  will  speak 
on  child  conservation  in  a  war  situation. 
Round  tables  will  afford  an  opportunity  for 
the  discussion  of  the  contribution  of  public 
health  nursing  to  the  following  fields :  the 
child  of  preschool  age;  the  child  in  the 
elementary  school ;  the  child  in  the  secon- 
dary school.  Observation  visits  to  certain 
activities  will  be  arranged  as  desired.  This 
refresher  course  is  open  to  all  registered 
nurses  who  are  interested  in  child  hygiene. 
No  credits  will  be  given  for  this  work  nor 
will  any  certificate  be  awarded.  Application 
should  be  made  to  the  secretary.  School  of 
Nursing,  University  of  Toronto.  The  fee 
will   be  $7.00. 


Postgraduate  Courses  Offered  by  the  R.V.H. 


The  School  of  Nursing  of  the  Royal  Vic- 
toria Hospital,  Montreal,  is  now  planning  to 
offer  four  additional  postgraduate  courses  in 
nursing.  These  will  be  arranged  in  general 
surgery,  general  medicine,  urology,  and  in 
ophthalmology   and   oto-laryngology. 

The  courses  will  be  four  months  in  length 
and  will  include  lectures  and  classes  in  ana- 
tom\^  and  physiology,  bacteriology,  materia 
medica  and  nutrition  as  related  to  the  course. 
Clinical  teaching  will  include  general  nurs- 
ing care  in  the  wards,  special  therapies,  medi- 
cal clinics  and  medical  rounds  utilizing  the 
wards,  the  out-patient  and  social  service  de- 
partments.   It    is    also    intended    to    include 


some  practice  teaching  on  the  wards. 

An  additional  instructor  will  be  added  to 
the  teaching  staff  to  direct  these  courses, 
which  will  be  open  to  only  a  limited  number 
of  well  qualified  registered  nurses.  A  regis- 
tration fee  will  be  charged.  The  letters  of 
inquiry  which  come  regarding  opportunities 
indicate  clearly  the  need  for  the  development 
of  more  postgraduate  courses  in  Canada. 
Postgraduate  courses  are  already  being  given 
in  operating  room  technique  and  management, 
in  obstetrics  and  gynaecology  (at  the  Royal 
Victoria  Montreal  Maternity)  and  in  neu- 
rology and  neuro-surgery  at  the  Montreal 
Neurological     Institute,     McGill     University. 


Vol.  38  No.  4 


Book  Reviews 


Ward  Teaching,  by  Anna  M.  Taylor, 
M.A.,  R.N.,  Supervisor  of  clinical  in- 
struction and  staff  nurse  instruction, 
Massachusetts  General  Hospital.  Illus- 
trated. 304  pages,  including  index.  Pub- 
lished by  J.  B.  Lippincott  Company; 
Canadian  Office:  Medical  Arts  Bldg., 
Montreal.  Price,  $4.25. 
In  the  preface  to  her  book,  the  author 
states :  "this  book  is  written  as  a  source  of 
reference  for  the  head  nurse,  supervisor, 
and  ward  instructor,  who  spend  many  hours 
daily  in  improving  the  nursing  care  of  the 
individual  patient  through  individual  and 
group  ward  teaching.  This  is  a  tool  book 
which  the  head  nurse  should  find  useful  in 
planning  and  conducting  her  ward-teaching 
program,  in  planning  ward-teaching  records, 
and  in  instructing  students  in  the  care  of 
patients."  The  contents  have  been  care- 
fully organized  into  three  parts.  In  the 
first,  called  ''Fundamentals  of  the  Ward- 
teaching  Program."  the  essential  require- 
ments of  this  work  are  discussed  fully  in- 
cluding the  absolute  necessity  for  planning; 
this  would  include  the  total  program  and 
that  of  the  head  nurses  of  individual  clinical 
services.  A  detailed  teaching  outline  for 
medical  wards  is  given  on  pages  56-64;  and 
a  brief  teaching  outline  for  an  orthopedic 
ward  on  pages  54-56.  The  second  part  is 
headed  "Methods  and  Practices  of  Ward 
Teaching."  Here  valuable  suggestions  may 
be  gleaned  for  the  carrying  out  of  group 
and  individual  conferences,  nursing  clinics 
and  demonstrations.  Considerable  thought 
has  been  given  to  the  educational  value  to 
the  nurse  of  nursing-care  plans,  nursing- 
care  studies  and  patient  assignment  and  to 
the  resulting  improvement  in  the  nursing 
care  which  the  individual  patient  receives. 
The  third  part  presents  supplementary  ma- 
terials in  which  records  are  considered  brief- 
ly and  examples  are  given. 

Young  clinical  instructors  will  find  much 
to  help  them  in  this  admirable  book.  As 
against  its  merits  one  might  draw  attention 
to  one  disappointment,  namely  the  narrow 
treatment  of  the  difficult  subject  of  ques- 
tioning.   }^Iiss    Taylor   has   given    a    detailed 


record  of  a  ward  teaching  program  which 
has  been  carried  out  for  several  years.  There 
is  evidence  of  marked  co-operation  between 
the  many  members  of  staff,  of  adequate  time 
provision  for  teaching,  and  of  thought  in 
securing  a  teaching  room  within  the  ward 
and  for  obtaining  teaching  materials.  Truly 
she  has  created  a  tool  book  and  as  such  it 
will  be  much  appreciated  by  those  many 
nurses  responsible  for  the  instruction  of 
student  nurses. 

M.  Jeax  Wilson, 

Clinical  Instructor, 
School  of  Nursing, 

University  of  Toronto. 


Report   of   the    Committee   on    Nursing    and 
Nurse   Education   in  Canadian   Hospitals, 

by  Kathleen  W.  Ellis,  B.Sc.  Reg.  N. 
(Chairman).  Bulletin  No.  Z6.  Published 
by  the  Canadian  Hospital  Council,  184 
College  St.,  Toronto.  Price,  25  cents. 

This  bulletin  is  a  veritable  mine  of  infor- 
mation concerning  nursing  service  and  edu- 
cation in  Canada  and  appears  at  a  most  op- 
portune moment.  The  subject  matter  is  ar- 
ranged under  the  captions  of  nursing  service; 
university  affiliations  and  relationships ;  the 
school  of  nursing ;  the  stabilization  of  nurs- 
ing service;  enrolment  of  nurses  for  war 
and  emergency  service ;  special  problems.  In 
the  foreword,  Miss  Ellis  defines  the  aim  of 
the  Teport  as  follows:  "This  committee 
wishes  to  reaffirm  the  statement,  made  on 
so  many  occasions,  that  most  of  the  problems 
facing  the  profession  of  nursing  cannot  be 
solved  by  nurses  alone.  It  is  true  also  that 
many  hospital  problems  call  for  collaboration 
and  co-action."  Superintendents  of  hospitals 
and  directors  of  nursing  services  will  study 
this  report  most  carefully  and  will  surely 
bring  it  to  the  attention  of  the  members  of 
boards  of  directors  and  medical  staffs. 

The  members  of  the  committee  who  co- 
operated with  Miss  Ellis  in  preparing  this 
report  are :  Miss  Margaret  Eraser,  super- 
intendent of  nurses.  Royal  Alexandra  Hos- 
pital, Edmonton ;  Miss  Lena  Mitchell,  direc- 


APRIL,  1942 


261 


262 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


REGISTRATION   OF  NURSES 
Province   of   Ontario 


EXAMINATION 
ANNOUNCEMENT 


An  examination  for  the  Registra- 
tion of  Nurses  in  the  Province  of 
Ontario  will  be  held  on  Alav  27th, 
38th,  and  29th. 

Application  forms,  information  re- 
garding subjects  of  examination  and 
general  information  relating  thereto, 
may  be  had  upon  written  application 
to: 

ALEXANDRA    M.    MUNN,    Reg.    N., 
Parliament    Buildings,  Toronto 


WANTED 


A  modern  220-bed  Hospital 

employing  an  all  -  graduate 
staff  invites  applications  for 
the  following  positions: 

(a)  A  qualified  Operating  Room  Nurse 

(b)  General  Duty  Nurses 

Apply  to: 

Superintendent  of   Nurses 

Jewish  General   Hospital 

MONTREAL,   P.  Q. 


tor  of  nursing,  Royal  Jubilee  Hospital,  Vic- 
toria; Dr.  H.  Coppinger,  superintendent, 
Winnipeg  General  Hospital ;  Miss  Gertrude 
Hall,  executive  secretary,  Manitoba  Asso- 
ciation of  Registered  Nurses ;  Rev.  Sister 
M.  St.  Elizabeth,  St.  Joseph's  Hospital,  Lon- 
don, Ont. ;  Miss  Frances  Upton,  executive 
secretary  and  registrar,  Association  of  Regis- 
tered Nurses  of  the  Province  of  Quebec ; 
Rev.  Sister  Mary  Peter,  St.  Joseph's  Hos- 
pital, Glace  Bay.  N.S. ;  Miss  Marion  Boa, 
Reg.  N. 


Teamwork  in  the  A.R.N.P.Q. 

It  is  always  gratifying  to  be  able  to  satis- 
fy an  expressed  need  so,  when  the  English- 
speaking  hospital  and  school  of  nursing  sec- 
tion of  the  A.R.N.P.Q.  were  invited  by  the 
English-speaking  public  health  section  to 
demonstrate  some  new  nursing  procedures,  a 
cordial  assent  was  given.  Under  the  joint 
auspices  of  the  two  groups  an  excellent  pro- 
gram was  recently  presented  on  two  succes- 
sive evenings.  A  general  invitation  was  issued 
to  all  nurses  and  the  attendance  was  very 
large.  At  the  first  session,  held  at  the  Mon- 
treal Neurological  Institute,  Dr.  W.  H. 
Bridgers,  assisted  by  Miss  B.  Cameron,  clini- 
cally demonstrated  tidal  or  bladder  drainage. 
Dr.  Bridgers  and  Aliss  Cameron  also  demon- 
strated the  local  use  of  sulpha  drugs,  and 
Dr.  Bridgers  presented  the  case  of  a  little 
patient,  fourteen  months  of  age,  with  a  diag- 
nosis of  cerebro-spinal  meningitis ;  thanks 
to  the  alertness  of  Miss  Mary  Jowsey,  the 
Victorian  Order  nurse  who  had  visited  the 
child  in  his  home,  the  early  symptoms  were 
promptly  recognized  and  after  treatment  with 
the  sulpha  drug,  the  patient  showed  imme- 
diate and  marked  improvement. 

At  the  second  session,  held  at  the  Royal 
Victoria  Hospital,  Dr.  D.  Boyd  first  spoke 
on  the  history  of  blood  transfusion  and  then 
demonstrated  the  newer  methods,  assisted  by 
Miss  Barbara  Broadhurst,  head  nurse  in  the 
women's  surgical  ward  of  the  Montreal  Gen- 
eral Hospital.  The  functions  and  mechanics 
of  the  Heidbrink  oxygen  tent  were  presented 
by  Miss  Elsie  Allder,  and  Miss  Winnifred 


Vol.  38  No.  4 


M.  L.I.  C.    NURSING    SERVICE 


263 


MacLean  demonstrated  the  use  of  the  car- 
bon dioxide  bag  and  of  nasal  suction  drain- 
age. All  these  demonstrations  were  given 
with  marked  efficiency  and  great  skill.  It 
is  hoped  that  the  full  text  of  some  of  the 
lectures  will  appear  in  subsequent  issues  of 
the  Journal.  The  enthusiastic  response  of  the 
audience  gave  convincing  proof  that  it  had 
been  well  worth  the  effort  put  forth  by  the 
hospital  group  to  meet  the  needs  of  those 
engaged  in  other  fields  of  nursing. 

Martha  Batson, 

Convener:  Hospital  and  School  of 
Nursing   Section,   A. R.N. P. Q. 


M.LI.C.  Nursing  Service 


The  M.L.I.C.  staff  of  the  McGill  Nursing 
Office  in  Montreal  recently  gave  a  delight- 
ful dinner  in  honour  of  Miss  Emma  Rocque 
who  has  just  completed  twenty  years  of 
faithful  service  with  the  Company  in  the 
capacity  of  local  supervisor.  For  the  past 
five  years  Miss  Rocque  has  also  served  as 
local  field  supervisor  in  the  Province  of 
Quebec.  Miss  Alice  Ahern,  M.L.I.C.  assist- 
ant superintendent  of  nursing,  was  present, 
and  read  a  congratulatory  telegram  from 
Dr.     Burnette,     expressing     the     Company's 

hearty  appreciation  of  Miss  Rocque's  fine 
record.  Miss  Rocque  has  taken  postgradu- 
ate courses  at  I'Ecole  d'Hygiene  Sociale  Ap- 
pliquee,  Universite  de  Montreal  and,  prior 
to  organizing  the  M.L.I.C.  service  in  the  city 
of  Quebec,  was  a  member  of  the  nursing 
staff  of  the  Victorian  Order  of  Nurses 
and  later  did  social  service  work  at  the 
Royal  Edward  Institute.  This  well  deserved 
tribute  has  given  great  pleasure  to  her  many 
friends. 

Miss  JVilla  Ahem  (Ottawa  General  Hos- 
pital, 1935,  and  public  health  nursing  course, 
McGill  School  for  Graduate  Nurses,  1936) 
recently  resigned  from  the  Montreal  staff 
to  join  the  R.C.A.M.C.  as  nursing  sister. 
Miss  Ahern  is  at  present  on  duty  in  Mili- 
tary District  No.  3,  Kingston. 

Miss  Hclene   Bernard    (Hotel-Dieu   Hos- 

APRIL,  1942 


UNIVERSITY  OF 
WESTERN  ONTARIO 

Division     of    Study     for 
GRADUATE        NURSES 

COURSES  OFFERED 

A    five-year    course    leading    to    the 

degree     of     Bachelor    of     Science     in 

Nursing. 

Courses,  covering  one  academic  year, 
and    leading   to   Certificates   in    Public 
Health   Nursing,   Hospital  Administra- 
tion, Instructor  in  Schools  of 
Nursing. 

For  information  apply  to: 

CHIEF: 

Division  of  Study  for  Graduate 

Nurses 

FACULTY  AND   INSTITUTE   OF 

PUBLIC    HEALTH 

London,  Canada. 


AN  INSTITUTE  FOR 
SUPERVISORS,   HEAD   NURSES, 
AND    GENERAL    DUTY    NURSES 

Under  the  auspices  of  the  Manitoba 
Association  of  Registered  Nurses, 
Miss  Ida  MacDonald,  B.A.,  R.N..  of 
the  University  of  Minnesota,  will  con- 
duct an  Institute  for  supervisors,  head 
nurses,  and  general  duty  nurses,  from 
Monday,  April  27  to  Thursday,  .\pril 
30.  at  the  University  of  Manitoba, 
Broadvva}'  Avenue,  Winnipeg. 

The  teaching  schedule  covers  a 
period  of  two  days  and  will  be  given 
twice.  Two  groups  of  nurses,  from 
each  hospital,  could,  therefore,  be  re- 
leased successively  in  order  that  all 
might  attend. 

All  nurses  interested  in  taking  ad- 
vantage of  this  opportunity  are  re- 
quested to  write  or  telephone  to  the 
Executive  Secretary,  Manitoba  Asso- 
ciation of  Registered  Nurses,  212 
Balmoral  Street,  Winnipeg. 


264 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


WANTED 

Applications  are  invited  for  the  position  of  Assistant  Superintendent  in  a 
125-bed  hospital  in  interior  British  Columbia,  maintaining  an  all-graduate  nurs- 
ing staff.  A  Registered  Nurse,  having  X-ray  or  operating  room   experience, 
is  preferred.  The  salary  is  $90  a  month,  with  full  maintenance.  Apply  in  care  of: 
Box  14,  The  Canadian  Nurse,  1411  Crescent  St.,  Montreal,  P.Q. 


WANTED 

A  Superintendent  of  Nurses  is  wanted  for  a  228-bed,  fully  standardized 
general  hospital,  with  training  school.  The  salary  commences  at  $175  per  month, 
with  maintenance.  Apply  to: 

H.  H.  Browne,  Superintendent,  McKellar  General  Hospital,  Fort  William,  Ont. 


WANTED 

A  Registered  Record  Librarian  is  wanted  for  a  150-bed  hospital;  a  grad- 
uate nurse  is  preferred.  Apply,  stating  qualifications,  age,  experience,  and 
salary  expected,  to: 

Miss  Edna   G.  McKinnon,  Superintendent,  Port  Arthur  General  Hospital 

Port  Arthur,  Ont. 


pital,  Montreal,  1929,  and  public  health  nurs- 
ing course,  University  of  Alontreal)  has 
resigned  from  the  Quebec  staff  to  be  mar- 
ried. 


Miss  Louise  Simonean  (Notre  Dame  Hos- 
pital, Montreal,  1927)  has  been  transferred 
from  the  Montreal  staff  to  the  Quebec  City 
staff. 


Ontario  Public  Health  Nursing  Service 


Mis?,  Jean  O.  Allison  (Regina  General 
Hospital  and  University  of  Toronto  public 
health  nursing  course)  has  been  appointed 
to  the  staff  of  the  Oshawa  Department  of 
Health  from  which  Miss  Isahelle  Tyndatl 
has  resigned. 

Mrs.  D.  Shapter,  nee  Armstrong  (Vic- 
toria Hospital,  London,  and  University  of 
Western  Ontario  public  health  nursing 
course)  has  resigned  as  school  nurse  with 
the   Board  of   Education  at  Guelph. 

Miss  Vera  R.  Kennedy,  B.  Sc.    (Victoria 


Hospital,  London.  University  of  Western 
Ontario  public  health  nursing  course,  and 
B.Sc.  New  York  University)  has  been  ap- 
pointed to  the  school  nursing  staf;  in  Ox- 
ford  County. 

Miss  Mary  E.  Scott  (Hospital  for  Sick 
Children.  Toronto,  and  University  of  Wes- 
tern Ontario  public  health  nursing  course) 
has  resigned  from  the  Hespeler  Visiting 
Nurse  Association  to  accept  the  position  of 
public   health   nurse   at   Simcoe. 

Miss      Elizabeth      Earshvmn      (Belleville 


Vol.  7.8  No.  4 


VICTORIAN   ORDER   OF   NURSLS 


265 


General  Hospital  and  public  health  nursing 
course,  McGill  School  for  Graduate  Xurses) 
formerly  public  health  nurse,  Board  of 
Education,  Belleville,  has  been  called  for 
military  service. 

Miss  Clara  S.  Kittmer  (Woodstock  Gen- 
eral Hospital  and  University  of  Western 
Ontario  public  health  nursing  course)  has 
resigned  from  the  Board  of  Health  Service 
at  Owen  Sound,  and  has  accepted  a  posi- 
tion in  industry  at  Pickering. 

Miss  Ruby  Cronk  (Toronto  General  Hos- 
pital and  University  of  Toronto  public 
health  nursing  course,  combined)  has  been 
appointed  public  health   nurse  at   Renfrew. 

Miss  Jessie  F.  Smith  (Toronto  General 
Hospital  and  University  of  British  Columbia 
public  health  nursing  course)  who  has  been 
public  health  nurse  at  Cochrane  for  two 
years,  has  resigned. 

Miss  Margrethe  J.  Crowe  (Toronto  Gen- 
eral Hospital  and  University  of  Toronto 
public  health  nursing  course)  has  resigned 
from  the  Department  of  Health  staff  at 
Woodstock. 


Victorian  Order  of  Nurses 

The  following  are  the  staff  appointments 
to,  transfers,  and  resignations  from  the 
Victorian  Order  of  Nurses  for  Canada: 

Mrs.  Robert  Thorpe  (Anne  McKen^ieV 
a  graduate  of  the  Victoria  General  Hospital, 
Halifax,  and  of  the  course  in  public  health 
nursing,  McGill  School  for  Graduate 
Nurses,  who  resigned  from  the  Order  in 
1940  to  be  married,  has  been  reappointed  to 
the  Halifax   Branch. 

Mrs.  W.  H.  H.  Moffat  (Nan  McMann) 
has  been  appointed  to  the  Montreal  Branch 
as  an  assistant  supervisor.  A  graduate  of 
the  Springfield  Hospital,  Springfield,  Mass., 
and  of  the  course  in  public  health  nursing, 
Dalhousie  University,  Mrs.  Moffat  was  at 
one  time  a  National  Office  Supervisor  in 
Western  Canada. 

Miss  Jean  Shirley,  a  graduate  of  the 
Victoria  Hospital,  London,  and  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Western  Ontario  with  the  degree 


McCILL 
UNIVERSITY 

School  for  Graduate  Nurses 

The     following     one-year     certificate 

courses     are     offered     to     graduate 

nurses : 

TEACHING  AND 

SUPERVISION    IN    SCHOOLS 

OF   NURSING 

PUBLIC    HEALTH    NURSING 

ADMINISTRATION  IN 

HOSPITALS    AND    SCHOOLS 

OF   NURSING 

ADMINISTRATION  AND 

SUPERVISION 

IN  PUBLIC  HEALTH 

NURSING 

For  information  apply  to: 

School    for    Graduate    Nurses 
McGill   University,  Montreal. 


ROYAL  VICTORIA  HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL  OF  NURSING 

MONTREAL 

Courses  for  Graduote  Nurses 

(DA  three-months  course  is  offered 
in  Obstetrical  Nursing.  (2)  A  two- 
months  course  is  offered  in  Gyne- 
cological Nursing.  For  further 
information  apply  to  Miss  Caroline 
Barrett,  R.N.,  Supervisor,  Women's 
Pavilion,  Royal  Victoria  Hospital. 


(3)  A  course  in  operating  room 
technique  and  management  is  of- 
fered to  nurses  with  graduate  ex- 
perience  in   operating  room   work. 

(4)  Courses  are  also  offered  in 
medical  nursing;  surgical  nursing; 
nursing  in  diseases  of  the  eye,  ear, 
nose  and  throat;  nursing  in  uro- 
logy. For  further  information  apply 
to  Miss  F.  Munroe,  R.N..  Superin- 
tendent of  Nurses,  Royal  Victoria 
Hospital. 


APRIL,  1942 


266 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


of  Bachelor  of  Science,  has  been  appointed 
to  the  London  Branch. 

Miss  Elizabeth  J.  MacDoiiald,  a  graduate 
of  the  General  Hospital,  Saint  John,  N.  B., 
and  of  the  course  in  public  health  nursing, 
McGill  School  for  Graduate  Nurses,  has 
been  appointed  to  the  Newcastle  Branch. 
Miss  MacDonald  was  formerly  in  charge 
of  the  International  Grenfell  Hospital  at 
Cartwright,    Labrador. 

Miss  Martha  Earlc  has  been  transferred 
from  the  Newcastle  Branch  to  be  nurse-in- 
charge  of  the  newly  organized  branch  in 
Gananoque. 

Miss  Grace  Vcrsey,  formerly  nurse-in- 
charge  of  the  Oshawa  Branch,  has  been 
transferred  to  be  nurse-in-charge  of  the 
East   York   Branch. 


Miss  Edith  G.  Hill,  formerly  nurse-in- 
charge  of  the  Gait  Branch,  has  been  trans- 
ferred to  be  nurse-in-charge  of  the  Oshawa 
Branch. 

Miss  Ruth  Taylor  has  been  transferred 
from  the  Hamilton  Branch  to  the  Calgary 
Branch. 

Miss  Vivian  Smith  has  resigned  from  the 
Toronto  Branch  and  Miss  Nettie  Garfield 
has  resigned  from  the  Calgary  Branch  to 
join    the    R.C.A.M.C.    Nursing    Service. 

Miss  L.  McAllister  has  resigned  from  the 
Westbank  Branch,  British  Columbia,  and 
Miss  Margaret  Carrothers  has  resigned  from 
the  London  Branch  to  be  married. 

Miss  Doris  Jackson,  from  the  East  York 
Branch,  is  on  leave  of  absence  from  the 
Victorian  Order  of   Nurses. 


The  A.R.N.P.Q.  Meets  in  the  City  of  Quebec 


One  could  not  imagine  a  more  beautiful 
setting  for  a  happy  gathering  of  busy  and 
anxious  nurses  in  these  troublesome  times, 
than  the  lovely  old  City  of  Quebec,  and 
the  members  of  the  A.R.N.P.Q.  were  re- 
cently afforded  such  an  opportunity  be- 
cause of  the  friendly  request  received  from 
a  group  of  our  French-speaking  members  in 
that  city. 

In  the  afternoon,  an  open  meeting  of  the 
Board  was  called  to  order  by  the  president. 
Miss  Eileen  C.  Flanagan,  to  which  were 
welcomed  the  directors  of  nursing  in  hos- 
pitals and  public  health  services,  instruc- 
ors  and  supervisors  in  both  groups,  presi- 
dents of  alumnae  associations  and  others 
whose  interest  in  the  welfare  of  nursing 
and  nurses  is  always  assured.  Greetings 
were  extended  in  both  languages  by  Mile 
Maria  Beaumier,  a  member  of  the  Ad- 
visory Board  of  our  Association.  The  of- 
ficers were  introduced  to  the  audience  by 
the  president  and  by  the  French  vice-presi- 
dent, the  Reverende  Soeur  Valerie  de  la 
Sagesse. 

The  meeting  was  informal  and  friendly. 
Discussion  was  encouraging  and  proved  that 
our  nurses  are   eager  to  know   more  about 


the  value  and  accomplishments  of  organized 
effort  to  which  greater  personal  contribu- 
tion could  and  would  be  made  if  and  when 
the  individual  nurse  is  accorded  sufficient 
opportunity.  The  members  learned  that  re- 
ciprocity has  been  established  between  our 
organization  and  the  General  Nursing  Coun- 
cil for  England  and  Wales,  a  fact  we  have 
hoped  for  many  a  long  day.  We  also  heard 
a  good  deal  about  the  plans  for  the  General 
Meeting  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Associa- 
tion to  be  held  in  Montreal  in  June,  and 
that  the  date  for  our  own  twenty-second 
annual  meeting  has  been  set  for  May  15th, 
one  day  only,  in  order  to  conserve  time  and 
energy  for  our  preparations  as  hostesses 
to  the  C.N.A. 

After  the  meeting  adjourned,  we  were 
delightfully  entertained  at  high  tea  at  the 
Jeffery  Hale's  Hospital,  as  guests  of  the 
J.H.H.  Alumnae  Association.  The  presi- 
dent, Mrs.  A.  W.  G.  Alacalister,  received, 
assisted  by  Miss  Mae  Lunam,  acting  di- 
rector of  nursing.  We  were  escorted  to  the 
evening  session  at  Hopital  de  I'Enfant- 
Jesus   in  buses   provided  by  our  hostesses. 

The  evening  session  was  called  to  order 
bv    the    French    vice-president.    Rev.    Soeur 


Vol.  38  No.  4 


Please  Nurse . . . 

Z.B.T.with  Olive  Oil. 

It  resists  moisture  better! 


Z.B.T 


BABY  POWDER 


urazn! 


TAIC  •  OlIVE  Olt 


OUST  ON    FREELY 


"ET  WEIGHT   11  OZS. 


"'CtNTAUB  COMPA" 


Here  is  quick,  convincing  proof  of 
tliis  unusual  Z.B.T.  advantage 

IT  makes  a  big  difference  to  baby  when  his  pow- 
der is  moisture-resistant.  Then  sensitive  skin 
gets  far  better  protection  against  perspiration  and 
wet  diapers.  And  Z.B.T.  with  Olive  Oil  is  mois- 
ture-resistant. Here's  how  you  can  prove  it. 

Sprinkle  a  generous  layer  of  Z.B.T.  on  water. 
See  how  it  floats  there,  staying  dry  and  impervious 
to  moisture  indefinitely.  Try  plunging  your  hand 
through  the  Z.B.T.  layer.  Even  that  will  not  dis- 
turb its  resistance  to  moisture— and  your  hand  will 
be  dry  when  removed. 

Z.B.T.  Baby  Powder  with  Olive  Oil  is  long- 
clinging— superior  in  "slip."  Try  it  at  our  expense. 
You'll  like  k,  too.  Just  send  in  the  coupon  below 
for  your  free  professional  package  of  Z.B.T. 


FU  p  ■■  I     The  Centaur  Company,  Dept.  D-42, 
K  C  C  •     1019  Elliott  St.  W.,  Windsor,  Ont. 

Please  send  free  professional  package  of  Z.B.T.  to: 
Name 


Address^ 
City 


-Prov.. 


APRIL,  1942 


267 


268 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


Valerie  de  la  Sagesse.  Among  those  seated 
on  the  platform  were  Msgr.  Gagnon,  Vice- 
Rector  of  Laval  University,  Miss  Flanagan, 
president  of  our  Association,  and  Rev. 
Soeur  Gerard  Majella,  Superior,  Hopital 
de  I'Enfant-Jesus.  Miss  Marion  Nash  in- 
troduced Miss  Johns,  who  spoke  in  French, 
and  dealt  with  the  national  and  the  inter- 
national relationships  of  our  Association. 
Mile  Alice  Albert  presented  a  colourful  pic- 
ture of  the  purpose  of  our  bi-lingual  or- 
ganization, indicating  in  no  uncertain  terms 
lliat  only  in  the  spirit  of  real  unity  of  pur- 
pose can  we  overcome  obstacles  and  achieve 
our  aims.  Mile  Suzanne  Giroux  followed 
by  giving,  in  her  own  inimitable  way,  a  re- 
view of  our  problems  and  plans  to  over- 
come them.  Miss  Kathleen  Ellis,  the  Emer- 
gency Nursing  Adviser  recently  appointed 
by  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association,  briefly 
described  her  mission  and  expressed  ap- 
preciation of  her  reception  throughout  our 
province  which  she  has  been  visiting  for 
some  time.  Discussion  was  led  by  Miss 
Fanny  Munroe,  director  of  nursing.  Royal 
Victoria  Hospital,  and  Honourary  Treasurer 
of  our  Board;  and  by  Mile  Maria  Roy,  di- 
rector of  nursing  of  the  Montreal  Depart- 
ment of  Health  and  a  member  of  our 
Board.  Contributing  to  the  lively  discussion 
were  Miss  Vera  Graham,  director  of  nurs- 


ing. Homoeopathic  Hospital,  Montreal ;  Aliss 
.Marion  Xash,  educational  director,  Greater 
Montreal  District,  Victorian  Order  of 
Nurses ;  the  Misses  Grace  McMaster  and 
Flora  Morony  of  the  Jeffery  Hale's  Hos- 
pital staff  and  Mile  Julianne  Labelle.  Mile 
Maria  Beaumier  and  Mile  Marguerite  Tas- 
chereau  graciously  expressed  appreciation 
to  the  si)eakers.  The  Rev.  Soeur  Valerie 
offered  our  thanks  to  our  hostess,  the  Rev. 
Sister  Superior  of  Hopital  de  I'Enfant-Je- 
sus. Msgr.  Gagnon  closed  our  meeting  with 
a  few  well  chosen  words,  expressing  in  both 
languages  belief  in  the  value  of  our  con- 
tribution  to   society. 

On  1:he  fallowing  day  we  were  guests  at 
a  delightful  reception,  given  at  Spencer- 
wood,  in  our  honour  by  Lady  Fiset,  wife 
of  the  Lieutenant  Governor  of  the  Pro- 
vince of  Quebec.  And  so  another  happy  ex- 
l)erience  ended,  and  we  came  away  re- 
freshed in  body  and  spirit.  It  was  with 
great  reluctance  that  we  bade  an  rcvoir 
to  old  Quebec,  where  dazzling  white  snow 
was  piled  high  above  the  fences  and  bril- 
liant sunshine  lighted  up  the  ancient  ci- 
tadel and  cast  a  warm  glow  throughout  the 
lengthening  days. 

E.  Frances  Upton,  R.  N., 
Executive, Seer etar\  and  Registrar y 
A.RS.P.Q. 


NEWS    NOTE  S 


ALBERTA 

Calgary: 

Calgary   General  Hospital: 

At  a  recent  meeting  members  of  the 
Calgary  General  Hospital  Alumnae  Asso- 
ciation heard  an  interesting  address  on  air 
raid  precaution  measures  by  Mrs.  D.  E. 
Corkill.  During  the  first  week  of  February 
the  Alumnae  Association  provided  enter- 
tainment for  men  of  the  forces  at  the  Red 
Triangle  Hostess  Club  of  the  Y.M.C.A.  A 
Sunday  afternoon  tea,  an  informal  tea 
dance,  and  a  Saturday  night  dance  com- 
prised  a    satisfactory    program. 


BRITISH    COLUMBIA 

Vancouver: 

A  meeting  of  the  Registered  Nurses  As- 
sociation of  British  Columbia  was  held  re- 
cently at  St.  Paul's  Hospital  to  consider  the 
revision  of  the  Registered  Nurses  Act.  The 
nropnsed  revision  was  approved  by  the  meet- 
ing for  presentation  to  the  Legislature.  Dr. 
George  Davidson,  Provincial  Department 
of  Welfare,  who  gave  valuable  assistance 
in  the  preparation  of  the  final  revision,  was 
present  and  was  able  to  clarify  many  points 
that  were  discussed. 


Vol.  38  No.  4 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


269 


MANITOBA 


Winnipeg; 


Winnipeg  General  Hosfitat: 

Miss  Elizabeth  Crichton  (1937),  Miss  Eva 
Toews  (1940),  and  Miss  Elizabeth  Hodge 
( 1941  )  are  serving  as  nursing  sisters  with 
Xo.  3  Casualty  Clearing  Station,  R.C.A.M.C. 
Miss  Bonnie  Dundee  (1940)  has  enlisted 
Avith  the  Royal  Canadian  Xaval  Nursing 
Service.  Mrs.  Edith  Maloney  (Edith  Cooke, 
1925)  has  left  Winnipeg  to  accept  a  hospital 
position  in  Hollywood.  California.  Miss  Alli- 
son Roberts  (1941)  has  left  for  San  An- 
tonio Mines  to  take  charge  of  the  hospital 
there.  Miss  Eileen  Robinson  (1938)  has  ac- 
cepted a  position  in  the  office  of  Dr.  Elinore 
Black. 

Married :  Recently.  Miss  Agnes  Felske 
(1941)   to  Dr.  J.  Isaac. 


NOVA  SCOTIA 

Kentville: 

A  recent  meeting  of  the  Valley  Branch, 
R.N.A.X.S.,  was  recently  held,  and  took 
the  form  of  a  business  session.  A  delicious 
lunch  was  served  later  by  the  nursing  staff 
of    the    Blanchard-Fraser    Hospital. 

Miss  Cynthia  Horsnell  and  Miss  Jessie 
Smith,  formerly  on  the  staff  of  the  Blan- 
chard-Fraser Hospital,  are  taking  post- 
graduate courses  at  the  Ladies  College, 
Toronto. 


ONTARIO 

District  1 


Windsor  : 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  Alumnae  As- 
sociation of  the  School  of  Nursing  of  the 
Hotel-Dieu  de  St.  Joseph  took  place  recent- 
ly with  a  large  attendance.  The  guest  speak- 
er was  the  Honorable  Dr.  Raymond  Mo- 
rand  who  strongly  impressed  upon  those 
present  the  necessity  of  personal  sacrifice, 
the  value  of  preparedness  in  a  state  of  emer- 
gency, and  the  extra  calls  upon  nurses  both 
now,  while  the  country  is  at  war,  and  after 
the  war  is  over.  The  president.  Miss  Ellen 
Cox,  appealed  to  the  nurses  who  had  not 
already  joined  the  Registered  Nurses  Asso- 
ciation of  Ontario  to  do  so  before  the  an- 
nual convention  which  will  be  held  in  Wind- 
sor this  spring.  Miss  Margaret  Lawson, 
secretary-treasurer,  read  the  annual  report, 
showing  a  balance  of  $211.13,  after  a  very 

APRIL,  1942 


"SAY!    THIS    IS    SERVICE — EVEN 
TO  MY  FAVOURITE  SOAP  — 

PALMOLIVE!" 


^ 


Nurses  and  Patients  Agree: 

PALMOLIVE 

makes  bathing  more  pleasant 

•  In  nursing  and  hospital  care. 
Nature's  soothing  oils  of  Olive  and 
Palm  have  long  been  recognised 
for  their  beneficial  effect  on  sensi- 
tive skin.  Their  inclusion  in  the 
making  of  Palmolive  makes  Palm- 
olive  the  gentlest,  kindest  toilet  soap 
known  —  the  one  soap  not  only 
safe,  but  actually  good  for  even 
the  most  sensitive  skin.  Make  your 
duties  more  pleasant,  and  please 
your  patients  by  bathing  them  with 
mild,  soothing  Palmolive. 


PALMOLIVE 
is  one 
of  the 
"little 
things" 
patients 
call 
important! 


More  patients  use  Palmolive  at  home 
than  any   other  leading   beauty  soap! 


270 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


THREE  FAMOUS 
PRODUCTS 

FOR  BABY  CARE 


To  nurses  and  mothers  alike,  one  of 
the  most  important  factors  in  baUy 
care  is  the  choice  of  reliable  toilet  pre- 
parations. 

•  Baby's  Own  SOAP  has  been  the 
choice  of  generations  of  nurses  and 
mothers  because  it  is  made  especially 
for  babies  from  the  finest,  purest  ma- 
terials obtainable.  Baby's  Own  Soap 
contains  lanoline,  soothing  to  baby's 
delicate  skin. 

•  Baby's  Own  POWDER  is  a  scien- 
tifically manufactured  borated  talc 
prepared  especially  for  babies  to  pre- 
vent skin  irritation,   chafing  or   rash. 

•  Baby's  Own  OIL  is  a  pure,  bland 
oil  containing  no  antiseptic  and  espe- 
cially blended  for  the  delicate  tissues 
of  baby's  skin.  Non-sticky,  it  forms  a 
protective  film  against  moisture  and 
irritation. 

All  three  of  these  products  are  pre- 
pared particularly  for  use  in  the  Nur- 
sery and  are  hygienically  manufactured 
to  measure  up  to  clinical  standards. 

You   may    recommend    Baby's    Own 
Products  with  confidence. 


busy  and  successful  year.  Special  guests  at 
the  dinner  were  Miss  Marjorie  McCut- 
cheon,  representing  the  Victorian  Order  of 
Nurses,  and  Miss  Mabel  Hoy,  the  public 
health  nurses. 

The  executive  for  the  coming  year  are  as 
follows :  Honourary  past  president.  Sister 
Marie  de  la  Ferre ;  honourary  president, 
Rev.  Mother  Claire  Maitre ;  president,  Miss 
Ellen  Cox ;  first  vice-president,  Miss  Julia 
Byrne;  second  vice-president.  Miss  Joan 
Duck ;  secretary.  Miss  Meta  Beaton ;  treas- 
urer, Miss  Margaret  Lawson ;  correspond- 
ing secretary,  Sister  Marie  Roy;  committee 
for  visiting  sick  members :  Misses  Mary 
May  and  Blanche  Beuglet.  Meetings  are 
held  every  second   Monday  of  the  month. 

Chatham: 

St.  Joseph's  Hospital: 

The  beautiful  new  four-storey  red  brick 
nurses  residence,  built  adjacent  to  the  ori- 
ginal residence,  has  been  completed  and  is 
much  appreciated  by  the  student  nurses.  It 
affords  accommodation  for  70  students,  with 
spacious  reception,  library,  and  recreation 
rooms.  Every  nurse  has  her  individual  ward- 
robe, chest  of  drawers,  and  desk,  and  the 
furnishing  of  each  floor  is  carried  out  in  a 
particular  colour  scheme.  The  residence  is 
the  fulfilment  of  a  long  felt  need  and  the 
Sisters  are  to  be  complimented  on  their 
achievement. 

Sister  Valeria,  assistant  instructress  of 
nurses,  attended  the  refresher  course  re- 
cently held  at  the  University  of  Western 
Ontario.  The  annual  "Snow^  Ball",  spon- 
sored by  the  Alumnae  Association,  realized  a 
worthwhile  sum,  and  a  substantial  cheque 
was  sent  to  the  R.N.A.O  for  the  British 
Nurses  Relief  Fund.  At  the  weekly  meet- 
ings of  the  Alumnae  Association  consider- 
able work  has  been  accomplished  in  aid  of 
the  Chatham   Branch  of  the  Red  Cross. 

The  following  marriages  have  recently 
taken  place:  Ida  Poissant  (1931)  to  Wilfred 
Mulhern;  Margaret  Miller  (1939)  to  James 
Fox;  Doris  Stacey  (1941)  to  Truman 
Hunter;  Donna  MacDonald  (1941)  to  Pvt. 
William   Davis. 


Districts  2  and  3 

Guelph: 

The  regular  mid-winter  meeting  of  Dis- 
tricts 2  and  3.  R.N.A.O.,  was  held  recently 
in  Guelph,  with  80  members  present.  The 
program  consisted  of  a  business  meeting,  a 
talk  by  Miss  Fidler  on  staff  education,  vocal 
solos  by  Miss  Baillie,  student  nurse  of 
Guelph  General  Hospital,  and  a  very  inter- 
esting talk  from  Dr.  Little  on  medical  and 
nursing   service   in  Japan.   A   quiz   program 

Vol.  38  No.  4 


NEWS   NOTES 


271 


proved  amusing,  informative,  and  relaxmg. 
At  the  close  of  the  meeting  the  members 
were  guests  of  the  Alumnae  Association  of 
Guelph   General   Hospital   at   supper. 

Miss  Sylvia  Hallman  is  at  present  on  the 
staff  at  Freeport  Sanatorium,  and  her  many 
friends  are  glad  to  see  her  back  in  Dis- 
tricts 2  and  3.  She  made  a  definite  educa- 
tional contribution  when  she  organized  the 
circulating  library  which  gives  service  to 
many  nurses  who  desire  wider  knowledge  of 
professional  and  non-professional  subjects. 
Nurses  are  requested  to  collect  books,  either 
as  a  loan  or  donated,  for  the  library.  At 
present,  Miss  Watson,  of  Guelph  General 
Hospital,  is  in  charge. 

The  following  nurses,  included  in  the 
second  group  of  Canadian  nurses  chosen 
for  military  nursing  service  in  South  Africa, 
have  arrived  safely  at  their  disembarking 
station : 

Miss  Evelyn  Hopkinson  (Gait  General 
Hospital),  formerly  supervisor  of  obstetrics. 
Gait  General  Hospital ;  Miss  Hazel  Blagden 
(Gait  General  Hospital),  formerly  engaged 
in  private  duty,  and  for  the  last  two  years 
in  industrial  nursing;  Miss  Hilda  Teather 
(Gait  General  Hospital),  who  was  night 
supervisor  of  Gait  General  Hospital  for 
four  years,  and  formerly  a  member  of  the 
staff  of  Freeport  Sanatorium. 


Brantford: 

Brant  ford  General  Hospital: 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Alumnae  Asso- 
ciation of  the  Brantford  General  Hospital, 
the  members  voted  for  the  purchase  of  a 
$100  Victory  Bond.  The  Alumnae  Associa- 
tion sponsored  a  Rex  Battle  concert  during 
the  month  of  March.  The  free  hospitaliza- 
tion scheme  has  been  under  discussion  in 
Brantford. 

The  following  marriages  have  recently 
taken  place:  Miss  M.  Robertson  (1932)  to 
Mr.  Lome  Sturgeon;  Miss  M.  Eddv  (1940) 
to  A/C  Arthur  Axford;  Miss  f.  Heard 
(1938)  to  Mr.  Richard  Lazorka;  Miss  D. 
Montgomery  (1939)  to  Flight-Officer 
Robert  King. 


Stratford: 

A  regular  meeting  of  the  Alumnae  Asso- 
ciation of  Stratford  General  Hospital  was 
held  recently,  with  the  president,  Miss  A. 
Ballantyne,  in  the  chair.  Mr.  E.  H.  Moy- 
Tiard,  of  Acton,  consultant  for  the  Baxter 
Laboratories,  gave  an  interesting  address  on 
intravenous  fluids  with  blood  and  plasma. 
He  showed  slides  of  equipment  and  "set  up" 
for  an  intravenous. 

APRIL,  1942 


NBW  under-arm 

Cream  Deodorant 

safely 

Stops  Perspiration 


1.  Does  not  harm  dresses  —  does  not 
irritate  skin. 

2.  No  waiting  to  dry.  Can  be  used 
right  after  shaving. 

3.  Instantly  checks  perspiration  for  1 
to  3  days.  Removes  odor  from 
perspiration. 

4.  A  pure  white,  greaseless,  stainless 
vanishing  cream. 

5.  Arrid  has  been  awarded  the 
Approval  Seal  of  the  American 
Institute  of  Laundering,  for  being 
harmless  to  fabrics. 


Arrid  is  the  LARGEST 
SELLING  DEODOR- 
ANT. .  .Try  a  jar  today 
...  at  any  store  which 
sells  toilet  goods. 


ARRID 


39^ 


a  |ar 

AT  ALL  STORES  WHICH  SELL  TOILET  GOODS 
(Also  in  15  cent  and  59  cent  jars) 


The  Ideal  Dietary  Sweet 


"CROWN  BRAND"  and  "LILY 
WHITE"  furnish  maximum 
energy  with  a  minimum  diges- 
tive effort — and  contain  a 
large  percentage  of  Dextrose 
and  Maltose.  That  is  why  they 
are  used  so  successfully  for 
infant  feeding. 

These  famous  Syrups  are  scien- 
tifically manufactured  under  the 
most  hygienic  conditions  .  .  . 
they  are  the  purest  corn  syrups 
obtainable  and  can  be  prescribed 
with   assured   good   results. 


*CROWN  BRAND^'CORN  SYRUP 

andiivf  white'corn  syrup 

ManufacturmJ  f>y  THE  CANADA  STARCH  COMPANY  Limited 


District  4 
Hamilton: 
Hamilton   General  Hospital : 

Miss  Muriel  Grapes  is  nursing  at  the 
Presbyterian  Medical  Centre,  Xew  York 
City.  Misses  Elsie  Lemp,  Stella  Cos  ford, 
Evelyn  Atkin,  and  Audrey  Challon  are  on 
duty  at  Ann  Arbour.  Misses  Eleanor  Philip. 
Beatrice  Culbert,  Fern  Maltby,  Madeline 
Jeffrey,  and  Jessie  Milton  have  been  ap- 
pointed to  the  staff  of  the  H.G.H.  Miss 
Margaret  Gartrell  has  been  appointed  to  the 
staff  of  the   Alount   Hamilton   Hospital. 

Married :  Recently,  Miss  Margaret  Has- 
1am   to    Mr.    Douglas   Gates. 


District  5 
Toronto  Department  of  Health, 
Division  of  Public  Health  Nursing: 

The  Public  Health  Nurses  Association  re- 
cently held  a  banquet  at  which  His  Wor- 
ship the  Mayor,  member  of  the  Board  of 
Health  and  the  Board  of  Control  were 
guests  of  honour.  The  president.  Miss  Clara 
Vale,   introduced   Miss   Elsie   Hickey,   Direc- 


tor of  Public  Health  Xurses,  who  traced 
the  history  of  the  nursing  department  from 
the  engagement  of  the  first  public  health 
nurse  in  1907.  Lantern  slides  depicting  the 
work  of  the  public  health  nurses  in  schools, 
infant  and  pre-natal  clinics,  mental  hygiene 
clinics,  tuberculosis  and  dental  clinics  were 
shown.  Mayor  Conboy  told  the  nurses  that 
"lack  of  knowledge,  carelessness,  and  lack 
of  opportunity  are  the  three  big  enemies  of 
public  health". 

In  addition  to  the  activities  within  the 
Association,  many  of  the  nurses  are  en- 
gaged in  extensive  A.R.P.  work.  Miss  Elsie 
Hickey  has  been  appointed  Chief  Nurse 
Warden  with  Miss  Zada  Keefer.  Deputy 
Nurse  Warden.  Assisting  these  two  exe- 
cutives are  eight  public  health  supervisors. 
Miss  Louise  Tucker,  former  president  of 
the  Public  Health  Nurses  Association,  now 
represents  the  Association  at  the  Women's 
Wartime    Civic    Association. 

Hospital  ior  Sick  Children'. 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  Hospital  for 
.Sick  Children  Alumnae  Association  was 
held  recently,  when  the  minutes  of  the  last 
meeting  were   read  and  approved.   .\  tribute 


Vol.  38  No.  4 


was  paid  to  the  late  Mrs.  Goodson,  our  se- 
cond past  superintendent  to  have  passed 
awa}'  in  recent  months.  A  minute  of  silence 
was  observed.  \'ery  gratifying  reports  were 
presented  by  conveners  of  committees.  A 
vote  of  thanks  was  tendered  to  the  retiring 
president  who  replied  in  a  few  well  chosen 
words.  The  following  officers  were  elected 
for  the  ensuing  year :  president,  Mrs.  Mc- 
Kenzie;  first  vice-president,  Mrs.  Wm. 
Keith ;  second  vice-president.  Miss  M.  Mc- 
Innis ;  recording  secretary,  Miss  Helen 
Booth ;  corresponding  secretary,  Mrs.  Rit- 
chie;  treasurer,  Miss  F.  Watson.  The  new 
president  then  took  the  chair,  and  the 
members  of  the  new  executive  were  in- 
troduced. 


DiSIRICT  6 


CoBouRc;: 

The  regular  meeting  of  Chapter  B,  Dis- 
trict 6,  R.X..\.0..  was  held  recently  at  the 
Cobourg  General  Hospital  with  a  good 
attendance.  Dr.  F.  N.  Blackwell,  the  guest 
speaker,  gave  an  interesting  talk  on  anaes- 
thesia, and  was  thanked  by  Miss  M.  Poison. 
Miss  J.  Graham  and  the  staff  entertained 
at  a  social  hour  which  followed.  At  a  re- 
cent meeting,  held  at  the  Ontario  Hospital, 
Dr.  A.  R.  Richards  was  the  guest  speaker. 
He  spoke  on  blood  plasma  which  was  most 
instructive,  followed  by  a  demonstration. 
Mrs.  H.  Beatty  thanked  the  speaker.  A 
social    hour    followed. 

The  registered  nurses  of  Cobourg  re- 
cently held  a  dance  and  bridge  and  donated 
the  proceeds  to  the  British  Xurses  Relief 
Fund. 

Miss  Gertrude  Wishart.  of  the  staff  of 
the  Cobourg  General  Hospital,  and  Miss 
Hilda  Toner,  of  the  Ontario  Hospital  staff, 
have  reported  for  dutv  at  Kingston  with 
the    R.C.A.M.C. 


Lindsay: 

Ross  Memorial  Hospital: 

The  annual  dance  of  the  .\himnae  .Asso- 
ciation of  Ross  Memorial  Hospital  was  held 
recently  and  was  well  attended.  The  pro- 
ceeds will  be  used  for  war  work,  ^^rs.  Grant 
Terill  was  hostess  at  a  bridge  and  the  pro- 
ceeds, which  amounted  to  $10,  were  given 
to  the  Red   Cross. 

Miss  Gladys  Lehigh  (1937")  has  accepted 
a  position  as  assistant  superintendent  at 
Ross  Memorial  Hospital.  Miss  Effie  Mc- 
Intyre    (1934)    is   on   the    staff   of   the   Red 


&ffn  ^ou  Hosiers  laie  it  //appil^ 


•  For  the  prevention  of  dental  caries 

•  To    maintain    calcium    balance 

Many  adults,  and  mo.>t  children,  find  cod  liver  oil 
unpalatable  —  even  causing  gastric  disturbance 
and  unpleasant  regurgitation.  For  these  reasons 
they  are  hard  to  persuade  to  take  needed  doses 
to  prevent  dental  caries  and  maintain  calcium 
balance. 

Ostogen-A  gives  the  full  therapeutic  value  of 
cod  liver  oil  without  any  unpleasant  taste,  odour, 
or  after  effects. 

Each  drop  supplies  500  Vitamin  D  Units  and  1000 
Vitamin  A  Units.  The  dose  is  two  drops  daily, 
from  precision  dropper.  If  prescribed  in  the  lar- 
ger size,   the  cost   is   but   one  cent   per  day. 

Modes    of  Issue: 

6    c.c.    bottles    SI. 00  15    c.c.    bottles    S2.00 

(78   days   supply  I  (195    days   supply) 

Where   Vitamin   A    is   not   essential: 

OSTOGEN 

may  be  prescribed  in  doses  of  from  one  to  six 
drops  daily  from  precision  dropper.  Each  drop  con- 
tains   1000   Vitamin   D   Units. 

Modes   of  Issue:    6   c.c.   and    15    c.c.    bottles 


StO^dt 


The    Canadian    Mark   of   Quality 
Pharmaceuticals  Since   1899 


&uid^&.&hoi>iit6c6o. 


MONTREAL 


CANADA 


Where    Quality    and    Price    are    Equal    or    Better 
Prescribe    Canadian    Products 


APRIL,   1942 


.274 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


PEDICULOSIS'^ 

Yields  to 

CUPREX 

Cuprex  is  the  answer  to  the  problem 
of  head,  body  or  crab  lice.  A  single 
application  will  usually  destroy  eggs 
and  nits.  Cuprex  is  non-sticky  and  has 
no  unpleasant  odour.  At  drugstores 
everywhere. 

*That     condition     caused     by     head, 
body  or  crab  lice. 


CUPREX 

A     MERCK     PRODUCT 


MERCK  &  CO. 
LIMITED 

Manufacturing    Chemists 
Montreal. 


•Cross  Hospital,  Kirkland  Lake.  Miss  Pau- 
line Kirley  (1932)  is  now  doing  private  duty 
in  Toronto.  Miss  Dorcas  Herron  (1938)  is 
at  the  Metropolitan,  Windsor.  Miss  Nellie 
Highdon  (1939)  is  on  the  industrial  nurs- 
ing staff  at  John  Inglis  Ltd.,  Toronto. 
Miss  Charlotte  Penman  (1938),  who  at- 
tended the  school  of  nursing  last  year,  is 
now  instructress  at  Yorkton,  Sask.  Miss 
Mildred  Wilson  (1930)  is  with  the  R.C.- 
A.M.C.  and  is  stationed  at  Camp  Borden. 

The  following  marriages  have  recently 
^ken  place:  Mary  Brackenridge  (1937) 
to  Russel  Duae;  Marion  Handley  (1936)  to 
Jerry  Austin;  Evelyn  Barry  (1933)  to 
George  Edwards;  Alma  Irvine  (1933)  to 
Horace   McDowell. 


in  the  nursing  profession,  attended  the 
meetings  at  which  she  explained  the  bene- 
fits of  a  registry.  Along  with  a  registry 
it  is  also  hoped  that  an  eight-hour  day  may 
be  established. 

Nursing  Sister  Evelyn  McTavish  has 
left  tlie  Port  Arthur  Military  Hospital  to 
take  charge  of  the  nurses  of  Casualty 
Clearing  Station  No.  3,  Winnipeg.  Nurs- 
ing Sister  Ally  Malmborg,  formerly  on 
the  staff  of  McKellar  General  Hospital, 
has  joined  the  staff  of  the  Port  Arthur 
Military  Hospital. 

The  following  marriages  have  recently 
taken  place :  Constance  Waywhite  ( Mc- 
Kellar General  Hospital)  to  Arvo  Oja; 
Eleanor  McGregor  (Port  Arthur  General 
Hospital)    to   A.    Moulson. 


District  10 
Fort  William: 

Plans  for  forming  a  Central  Registry 
for  nurses  in  Fort  William  and  Port  Ar- 
thur are  underway.  Miss  ^ladalene  Baker, 
of  London,  chairman  of  the  general  nurs- 
ing section  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Asso- 
ciation, spent  several  days  in  the  two  cities, 
and   many   interested   citizens,   besides   those 


QUEBEC 


Montre-al: 

Montreal  Gefieral  Hospital: 

Miss  Dorothy  Ascah  (1939)  is  doing  in- 
dustrial nursing  in  a  large  manufacturing 
plant  in  St.  Paul  I'Hermite.  Miss  Elizabeth 
Robertson  (1923)  has  accepted  a  position  as 

Vol.  38  No.  4 


NEWS   NOTES 


275 


industrial  nurse  with  the  Canadian  National 
Railways.  Misses  Xora  Stanton,  Jean  Par- 
sons. Bernice  Legere.  Elsie  Schroeder.  and 
Shirley  Laughlin  (all  of  the  Class  of  1942) 
are  doing  general  duty  at  the  Western  Di- 
vision. Miss  K.  Miller  (1942)  has  been  ap- 
pointed to  the  staff  of  the  Central  Division. 

Here  is  a  brief  account  of  the  activities  of 
the  various  groups  among  the  graduates : 
The  'wool  group',  headed  by  Miss  D.  Ha- 
drill.  has  raised  $389  in  the  past  year  for  the 
purchase  of  wool  which  has  been  knitted 
into  garments  by  the  group,  and  presented 
to  the  Overseas  Parcels  League  for  the 
minesweepers  auxiliary.  Through  the  per- 
sonal efforts  of  Miss  Edith  Conrad  (1918) 
who  is  doing  private  duty  in  New  York,  a 
mobile  canteen  was  purchased  and  presented 
to  the  Mayor  of  the  Borough  of  Chelsea, 
England.  The  canteen  was  dedicated  to 
Princess  Elizabeth  and  Princess  Margaret 
Rose,  and  Miss  Conrad  expects  to  raise 
$1000  yearly  for  maintaining  it. 

The  following  marriages  have  recently 
taken  place:  Victoria  Mayville  (1941)  to 
Lieut.  J.  E.  Murphy,  R.C.A.,  A.F. ;  Irene 
McDonald  (1940)  to  L/A  Harold  A.  Mac- 
Donald.   R.C.A.F. 


A  group  of  Montreal  General  Hospital 
graduate  nurses,  under  the  convene  rship 
of  Mrs.  F.  W.  Lamb,  recently  held  a  very 
successful  "bread  and  butter"  tea.  Miss 
B.  A.  Burch,  acting-superintendent  of  the 
Western  Division  of  the  Montreal  General 
Hospital,  kindly  offered  the  use  of  the 
Xurses  Home  for  the  occasion.  Valentine 
decorations  were  used  in  the  different 
rooms,  and  the  tea-cup  readers  and  fortune- 
tellers were  very  popular  with  the  guests. 
There  was,  also,  a  sale  of  home-made  ar- 
ticles and  the  sum  of  $236  was  realized. 
This  will  be  added  to  the  amount  already  on 
hand,  and  will  be  sent  to  England  to  help 
buy  aircraft. 

The  "Spitfire  Committee"  was  formed  in 
October  1940,  and  since  that  time  has  raised 
$5448.  Four  thousand  dollars  has  been 
forwarded  to  England.  This  amount  was 
raised  in  various  ways — from  rummage  sales 
a  series  of  home-bridges,  drawings,  teas. 
A  drawing  for  a  $50  bond  and  an  electric 
Mix  Master,  promoted  under  the  con- 
venership  of  Mrs.  L.  S.  Burton,  netted  the 
amount  of  $1,177.  The  "V"  Coin  bag  cam- 
paign brought  in  $236.  These  were  made 
of  red  material  mounted  with  a  white  "V". 
dots  and  dashes,  and  were  sent  to  the  grad- 
uates of  the  Hospital  with  the  accompany- 
ing slogan :  "Save  and  give  your  dimes. 
dimes  make  dollars,  dollars  will  buy  a 
'Spitfire'   for  Victory." 

The    personnel    of    the    committee    is    as 


A  standard  form  of  medication  is 
the  reliable  antacid-laxative  — 

PHILLIPS'  MILK  OF  MAG^ESIA 

In  contrast  to  the  action  of  the 
soluble  alkalies,  such  as  bicarbon- 
ate of  soda,  the  antacid  action  of 
Phillips'  Milk  of  Magnesia  is  pro- 
longed —  due  to  the  insoluble  na- 
ture of  magnesium  hydroxide. 

No  irritation  or  griping.  The 
laxative  effect  of  larger  doses  is 
gentle  and  thorough. 

Dosage: 

As  an  antacid  —  2  to  4  tcaspoonfuls 
As  a  gentle  laxative— 4  to  8  tcaspoon- 
fuls 


IV e  zvill   send  you 

a   professional 

package   upon 

request. 


Phillips 

Milk  of  Aiadnesia 

Prepared  only  by 


THE  CHAS.  H.  PHILLIPS  CHEMICAL  CO. 

Windsor,  Ontario 


APRIL,  1942 


276 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


COMMUNICABLE  DISEASE 
NURSING 

By  Theresa  I.  Lynch,  R.N.,  Ed.D.  In- 
structor in  Education,  New  XorK  Univer- 
sity. 678  pages  with  156  text  illustrations 
and  5  color  plates.  Published  February, 
1942.   $4.50. 

This  new  book  covers  one  of  the  most 
important  phases  of  nursing — the  care  and 
control  of  communicable  diseases.  The  sub- 
ject is  divided  into  five  sections,  as  follows  : 
1.  Orientation  to  Communicable  Disease 
Nursing.  2.  Medical  Aspects  and  Nursing 
Care  of  Communicable  Diseases.  3.  Tuber 
culosis.  4.  Venereal  Diseases.  5.  Communi- 
cable Diseases  and  the  Community. 


McAinsh  &  Co.  Limited 


388   Yonge  Street 


Toronto 


DOCTORS'  and  NURSES' 
DIRECTORY 

212   Balmoral   St.,  Winnipeg 

A  Directory  for: 

Doctors,  and  Registered  Nurses 

Victorian  Order  of  Nurses 

(night  calls,  Sundays,  and  holidays 

ONLY) 

Practical  Nurses 

Twenty-four  hour  service. 

P.  Bkownell,    Reg.    N.,     Registrar 


THE  CENTRAL 

REGISTRY    OF    GRADUATE 

NURSES,   TORONTO 

Furnish  Nurses 
at  any  hour 
DAY  or  NIGHT 

TELEPHONE    Klngsdale  2136 

Physicians'      and      Surgeons'      Bldg., 

86    Bloor   Street,   West,    TORONTO 

HELEN  CARRUTHERS,   Rer.   N. 


The  American  Hospital  Bureau 

1825  Empire  State  Building 
New  York  City 

Offers  to  Hospitals  in  Canada  and  the 
United  State*  a  professional  placement 
serrlce  for  Hospital  and  Nnrsinr  School 
Administrators,  Instrnctors,  Sapsrrisors, 
Anaesthetists,  Dietitians.  Techniciana,  and 
General  Dotr  'Nnrses.  All  credentials  per- 
sonally    verified. 

C.  M.  Powell,  R.  N.,  Director 


follows:  Miss  Dorothy  Hadrill,  honourary 
convener;  Mrs.  F.  W.  Lamb,  Miss  Adele 
Whitney,  joint  conveners;  Mrs.  H.  T.  Mit- 
chell, treasurer ;  Mrs.  M.  M.  Ross ;  Mrs. 
C.  A.  Marlott;  Mrs.  Donald  Stewart;  Miss 
Freda  Whitney;  Mrs.  J.  Redmond;  Mrs. 
R.  MacLean. 

It  is  the  earnest  hope  of  the  Committee 
that  this  endeavour  may  be  extended  to 
Alumnae  of  every  nursing  school  from 
coast  to  coast.  If  each  of  the  alumnae  as- 
sociations would  form  a  committee  to  work 
in  its  individual  town  or  city,  under  a  cen- 
tral executive  council,  more  than  one  'Spit- 
fire' could  lie  donated  to  the  war  effort  by 
the  Graduate  Nurses  of  Canada. 


Royal  Victoria  Hospital: 

Miss  Wilhelmina  Brugman  (1938)  is 
now-  on  the  staff  of  the  Winnipeg  General 
Hospital.  Miss  Mary  Younge  (1938)  is 
public  health  nurse  in  St.  Mary's,  Ontario. 
Miss  Rae  Fellowes  (1928)  has  resigned 
from  the  staff  of  the  R.V.H.  and  has  been 
appointed  Nursing  Sister  at  the  Naval  Hos- 
pital, Halifax.  Miss  Dorothea  Cross  has 
resigned  from  the  staff  of  the  R.V.H.  and 
has  been  succeeded  by  Miss  Hope  Ross 
(1941).  Miss  Gladys  Cowie  and  Miss  Ruth 
Pyper  have  resigned  from  the  staff  of  the 
Women's    Pavilion. 

Recent  visitors  at  the  School  of  Nursing 
included  Matron  N.  Enright,  of  the  R.C.- 
A.F.  Nursing  Service,  and  Nursing  Sisters 
Margaret  Smith,  Jean  Rayworth,  Billie 
Bell,  and  Jean  Blenkhorn. 

The  following  marriages  have  recently 
taken  place:  Nursing  Sister  Etta  Jones,  of 
No.  1  Neurological  Hospital.  R.C.A.M.C. 
to  Lieut.  Col.  C.  A.  Macintosh,  of  No.  14 
Canadian  General  Hospital,  R.C.A.M.C; 
Pauline  Mitchell  (1942)  to  George  Hugh 
Miller;  Katherine  Eraser  (1942)  to  Dr.  Lea 
Steeves. 


McGill  School  for  Graduate  Nurses: 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Alumnae  As- 
sociation of  the  McGill  School  for  Graduate 
Nurses,  Professor  C.  S.  Le  Mesurier,  Dean 
of  the  Faculty  of  Law,  McGill  University, 
gave  an  interesting  and  enlightening  address 
on  some  aspects  of  the  psychiatric  treatment 
of  criminals.  The  facts,  revealed  by  Dean 
Le  Mesurier.  impressed  us  with  the  great 
need  for  reform  in  the  present  system  of 
criminal  care.  We  were  honoured  by  the 
presence    of    Mrs.    Reford,    an    honourary 

Vol.  38  No.  4 


NEWS    NOTES 


277 


member  of  the  Alumnae  Association.  The 
Class  of  1941-42  were  hostesses  at  a  social 
hour  which  followed. 


Quebec  City: 
Jcjfery  Hale's  Hospital: 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Alumnae  As- 
sociation of  Jeffery  Hale's  Hospital,  the 
members  were  addressed  by  Airs.  Vanier, 
recently  returned  from  England,  on  present 
conditions  in  England.  The  Alumnae  Asso- 
ciation, the  staff,  and  student  nurses  were 
shown  recently  an  interesting  series  of 
motion  pictures  on  obstetrics,  tuberculosis 
surgery,  and  anemia,  by  a  representative 
of  the  Lilli  Co.  A  tea  was  given  recently 
for  the  visiting  nurses,  who  attended  the 
A.  R.N. P. Q.  meeting,  to  enable  them  to  meet 
local  nurses  and  many  graduates  of  the 
schools  who  are  residing  in  Quebec. 

Four  of  our  nurses  have  arrived  in  South 
Africa  —  one  in  Pretoria,  and  three  in  Dur- 
ban. Miss  Pat  Rand  (1936),  formerly  of  the 
Trans-Canada  Air  Lines,  has  joined  the 
Royal  Canadian  Xaval  Nursing  Service, 
and  is  stationed  at  Halifax.  Aliss  Agnes 
MacDonald  (1942),  who  has  completed  a 
postgraduate  course  in  the  operating  room 
of  the  Western  Division.  Montreal  General 
Hospital,  has  taken  charge  of  the  operat- 
ing room  in  J.H.H. 

To  date,  we  have  forwarded  $275  to  the 
British  Nurses  Relief  Fund. 


NEWFOUNDLAND 

St.  John^s: 

At  a  recent  regular  meeting  of  the  New- 
foundland Graduate  Nurses  Association  an 
interesting  and  informative  address  was 
given  by  Dr.  Cluny  Macpherson,  C.M.G., 
on  the  work  of  the  Red  Cross  and  Order 
of  St.  John  in  Newfoundland. 

Adjutant  Clara  Vey,  of  Saint  John,  N.B., 
has  been  appointed  instructress  of  nurses 
at  Grace  Hospital,  St.  John's.  Adjutant 
Vey  is  a  graduate  of  the  School  of  Nursing, 
Grace  Hospital,  Windsor,  Ontario,  and  has 
taken  a  postgraduate  course  in  teaching  and 
supervision  at  the  School  of  Nursing,  Uni- 
versity of  Toronto.  Miss  Gwen  Abbott,  of 
Grace  Hospital,  St.  John's,  has  accepted 
the  position  as  matron  of  the  new  military 
hospital  at  Argentia. 

APRIL,  1942 


WHEN 
FIRST 

REAL 
MEALS 
UPSET 

BABY 


About  75  per  cent  of  babies  are  allergic  to 
one  food  or  another  say  authorities.  Which 
agrees  and  which  does  not  can  only  be  de- 
termined by  method  of  trial.  In  case  such 
allergic  symptoms  as  skin  rash,  colic,  gas, 
diarrhea,  etc.  develop.  Baby's  Own  Tablets 
will  be  found  most  effective  in  quickly  free- 
ing baby's  delicate  digestive  tract  of  irrita- 
ting accumulations  and  wastes.  These  time- 
proven  tablet  triturates  are  gentle  —  war- 
ranted free  from  narcotics  —  and  over  40 
years  of  use  have  established  their  depend- 
ability for  minor  upsets  of  babyhood. 


BABY'S  OWN  Tablets 


WHITC 


TUBE   CREME 

Preferred  by  Nurses 
for  continued  use  as 
if  cleans  better,  works 
faster,  and  contains 
ingredients  to  pre- 
serve fine  footwear. 
Made  in  Canada  by 
Canadians  specialiting 
in  the  manufacture 
of  fine  shoe  dressings. 
Sample  tube  mailed 
to  any  nurse  on  re- 
quest  to: 

EVERETT  &   BARRON 

OF  CANADA,  LTD., 

914    Dufferin    St. 

Toronto. 


WllNOTRWBOff 


OFF  .    .    .   DUTY 


Everybody  told  us  ive  ought  to  go  and  see  it  .  .  .  so  ive  felt  an 
a7iticipatory  thrill  as  ive  bought  our  ticket  fo^-  "How  Green  Was  My 
Valley"  .  .  .  It  icas  in  that  valley  that  we  greio  up  and  went  to  school 
.  .  .  and  we  remember  every  bend  of  the  river  .  .  .  and  every  ivinding 
path  in  the  ivet  ivoods  ivhere  we  used  to  look  for  celandines  and  daffodils 
in  the  spring  .  .  .  Having  neatly  dodged  the  hateful  comic  strip  .  .  » 
we  took  our  seat  just  as  a  glorious  Welsh  choir  broke  into  the  opening 
chorus  .  .  .  But  in  a  little  while  we  began  to  feel  uneasy  .  .  .  the 
valley  on  the  screen  was  beautiful  enough  .  .  .  but  it  was  not  our 
valley  .  .  .  High  hills  stood  round  about  it  .  .  .    but  they  were  not  the 
hills  of  Wales  .  .  .  and  the  people  ivere  no  more  Welsh  thayi  the  hills 
.  .  .  We  don't  believe  the  producer  had  ever  been  inside  a  Welsh  Chapel 
.  .  .  or  talked  with  a  Welsh  Nonconformist  .  .  .  or  he  ivould  7iot  have 
forgotten  the  bleak  Calvinistic  predestination  .  .  .  that  chills  the  soul 
like  the  touch  of  an  icy  hand  .  .  .The  actor  icho  played  the  part  of  the 
preacher    had    certainly    never    heard    the    "hivll"  .  .  .  that    strange 
chanting   cadence   peculiar   to    Welsh   oratory  .  .  .  and   though   Sara 
Allgood  is  a  joy  when  she  is  with  her  oivn  Abbey  Players  .  .  .  her  Irish 
brogue  could  never  pass  for  the  soft  Welsh  accent  .  .  .  As  for  the  blond 
girls  .  .  .  with  their  empty  pretty  faces  and    shaved  eyebrows  .  .  . 
what  were  they  doing  in  a  valley  where  even  today  you  may  find  traces 
of  the  dark  Phoenician  strain  that  persists  through  the  centuries  .  .  . 
Yet  in  spite  of  all,  it  ivas  a  good  picture  .  .  .  tragic  and  passionate 
.  .  .  a  hundred  times  better  than  the  usuxd  run  of  the  Hollywood  mill 
.  .  .  The  anger  and  despair  of  the  striking  miners  rang  true  .  .  .  and 
the  agony  of  the  ivomen,  waiting  at  the  pit-head  for  the  cage  to  come 
up  from  the  flooded  mine,  caught  at  the  heart  .  .  .  The  music,  at  leasts 
was  authentic  and  if  ive  shut  our  eyes  and  did  not  look  at  the  screen 
.  .  .  we  could  see  the  men  coming  home  from  the  mine  .  .  .  in  the  cool 
evening  .  .  .  after  the  day's  work  was  done  .  .  .  What  2vas  it  that 
we  missed?  .  .  .  It  must  have  been  the  sunlight  and  shadoiv  of  our 
Welsh  valley  .  .  .  the  misty  purple  heather  on  the  hills  .  .  .  the  clear 
swift  water  in  the  streams  .  .  .  In  spite  of  the  expert  lighting  .  .  .  the 
harsh  California  sunshine  seemed  to  luither  everything  it  touched  .  .  . 
Perhaps  Mr.  Darryl  Zanuck  has  tried  to  do  the  impossible  .  .  .  it  may 
be  that  the  charm  of  a  countryside  is  like  a  wild  floiver  that  dies  if  on^ 
tries  to  trarisplant  it  .  .  .  One  thing  is  certain  .  .  .  the  soid  of  any 
people  is  a  subtle  and  elusive  essence  .  .  .  Only  those  ivho  once  lived 
there  can  ever  kyiow  how  green  tvas  my  valley  .  .  . 

—E.  J. 

278  Vol.  38  No.  4 


Official  Directory 

International    Council    of   Nurset 
Acting    ExecntiTe   Secretair,    Misa   Caliata    F.    Banwarth,    310    Cedar   Street,    New    Haven. 

Connecticut.  U.  S.   A. 

THE  CANADIAN  NURSES  ASSOCIATION 

PfMtdent Miss  Grace  M.   Fairley,   Vancouver  General   Hospital,   Vancouver,   B.C. 

'P«»t  President  Miss   Ruby   M.   Simpson.   Department   of   Health.    Parliament    Buildings.    Regina.   Sask. 

First   Vice-President Miss    Elizabeth    L.    Smellie.    Department   of    National    Defence.    Ottawa,    Ont. 

Second    Vice-President    Miss    Marion    Lindeburgh.    School    for    Graduate    Nurses.    McGill    University. 

Montreal.    P.    Q. 
•Honourary  Secretary   Miss   Kathleen   I.   Sanderson,    1105    Park   Drive,    Vancouver,    B.C. 

Honourary   Treasurer   Miss    A.   J.    MacMaster.    Nfoncton    Hospital.    Moncton,    N.B. 

COUNCILLORS  AND  OTHER  MEMBERS  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 

NumeraU   indicate    office   held:    (1)    President,    Provincial    Surses    Association; 

(t)Chairw%an,  Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing  Section;   (S)   Chairman,  Public 

Health    Section;     (4)     Chairman,    General    Nursing    Section. 

•Alberta:  (1)  Miss  Rae  Chittick, 815-18th  Ave.  W..  Ontario:  (1)  Miss  Jean  L.  Church,  120  Strath- 
Calgary;  (2)  Miss  Helen  S.  Peters.  University  cona  Ave.,  Ottawa;  (2)  Miss  L.  D.  Acton, 
of  Alberta  Hospital.  Edmonton;  (3)  Miss  Au-  General  Hospital.  Kingston;  (3)  Miss  G.  Ross, 
drey  Dick,  York  Hotel,  Calgary;  (l)  Miss  15  Queen's  Park  Crescent,  Toronto;  (I)  Miss 
Leona    Hennig,    305    Bank    of    Toronto    Bldg.,  D.  Ogilvie.  34  Gilchrist  Ave.,  Ottawa. 

Edmonton.  ^  .         ^,        ,    ,  ,      ,      ,  >    ...       ^     ,,     , 

Prince    Edward    Island:    (1)    Miss    K.    MacLennan, 

(British  Columbia:  (1)  Miss  M.  Duffield,  1675  West  Provincial  Sanatorium.  Charlottetown ;  (2)  Miss 
lOth  Ave.,  Vancouver;  '2)  Miss  F.  McQuarrie.  Georgie  Brown.  Prince  County  Hospital,  Sum- 
Vancouver  General  Hospital;  (3)  Miss  F.  merside;  (3)  Miss  M.  Darling,  Alberton ;  (4) 
Innes.    1922    Adanac   St.,    Vancouver;    (4)    Mrs.  Miss     D.     Hennessey,     Charlottetown     Hospital. 

E.  B.  Thomson,  1095  West  14th  St.,  Vancouver.  Charlottetown. 

Quebec:    '1)   Miss  E.  Flanagan,     3801     University 
'Manitoba:    (1)    MiM   A.  llcKee,    V.O.N.,    Medical  Street,  Montreal;  (2)  Miss  M.  Batson.  Montreal 

Arts  Bldg.,   Winnipeg;    (2)    Miss  D.  Ditchfield.  General     Hospital;     (3)     Miss     A.     Martineau, 

Children's    Hospital.    Winnipeg;     '3)     Miss    F.  Dept.    of    Health.    City   of   Montreal;    (4)    Miss 

King.    Ste.    1.    Greysolon    Apts..    Winnipeg;    (4)  a.  M.  Robert.  5484-A  St.  Denis  St..  Montreal. 

Miss  C.   Bourgeault.   St.   Boniface    Hospital,   St. 

Boniface.  Saskatchewan:    (1)    Miss  Matilda  Diederichs,  Regi- 

na  Grey  Nuns  Hospital;   (2)  Miss  A.  F.  Lawrie. 
-New    Brunswick:     (1)     Sister    Kerr.     Hotel     Dleu  Regina  General  Hospital;  ^3)   Miss  Gladys  Mc- 

Hospital.  Campbellton:   (f)  Miss  Marian  Myers,  Donald,   6   Ma yf air  .Apts     Reg.na;    U)   Miss  R. 

Saint  John   General   Hospital;    (3)    Miss   A.   A.  ^\ozny,  2216  Smith  St..  Regina. 

Burns.    Health    Centre,    Saint    John;     (4)    Miss        Chairmen,   National   Sections:   Hospital  and  School 
Myrtle    E.    Kay,    21    Austin   St.,   Moncton.  of    Nursing:    Miss    B.    Anderson,   Ottawa   Civic 

Hospital.  Public  Health:  Miss  M.  Kerr,  Eburne, 
"Nova  Scotia:     (1)    Miss    M.    Jenkins,    The    Child-  B.C.    General    Nursing:    Miss    M.    Baker,    249 

ren's  Hospital.  Halifax;  (2)  Sister  Mary  Peter,  Victoria  St..   London.  Convener.  Committee  on 

St.    Martha's    Hospital,    Antigonish;     (3)    Miss  Nursing     Education:      Miss      M.      Lindeburgh, 

Jean    Forbes,    314   Roy   Building,    Halifax;    (4)  School    for    Graduate    Nurses,    McGlll    Univer- 

Miss  G.   Porter,   115   South  Park  St.,   Halifax.  sity.    Montreal. 

Executive  Secretary:   Misi  Jean  S.  Wilton,   National   Office,    1411    Crescent   St.,   Montreal,   P.Q. 
OFFICERS   OF   SECTIONS   OF    CANADIAN    NURSES    ASSOCIATION 

Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing  Section  Councillors:  Alberta:  Miss  L.   Hennig,   305  Bank 

of   Toronto   Bldg.,    Eidmonton.   British  Columbia: 

-Chairman:  Miss  Blanche  Anderson,  Ottawa  Civic  vn!.V...^;».^-     "^'^9^?'''     \"?5     West     14th     St, 

Hospital.      First     Vice-Chairman :     Miss     E.     G.  c,^"'^S"!^tf '   .  ^h  "°^^ 'i    ^cf    S'    .Bourgeault, 

McNally,    General    Hospital.    Brandon.    Second  St.     Boniface     Hospital.     St.     Boniface       New 

Vice-chairman:     Miss     M.     Batson,     Montreal  tS'"  I^^     m        '^^  ^-  ^-  ^^V^    n"'*ii"  ?*•' 

General     Hospital.     Secretary-Treasurer:     Miss  ?i°."ci?,H,  P.^t^'sf     uTvf'  .      r.     ^*-   ^^  vr'^'^n' 

W.   Cooke.    Ottawa   Civic    Hospital.  }^^^^'V'^!iI^s^t^i^oS^T'pr^'^ 

„                           .,             ...       X,     -,,..,   .  '            slandMiss     Dorothy     Hennessey,     Char- 

<:ouNciLLORs :  Alberta:   .Miss  H.  b.   Peters.   Univer-  lottetown     Hospital,     Charlottetown.        Quebec: 

city  Hospital,  Edmonton.  BntUh  Columbia:  Miss  Miss  A.  M.  Robert,  5484-A  St.  Denis  St..  Mont- 

F.  McQuarrie.     Vancouver    General     Hospital.  real.    Saskatchewan:  Miss  R.  Wozny,  2216  Smith 
Manitoba:    Miss    D.    Ditchfield,    Children's    Hos-  St.,    Regina. 

pital,   Winnipeg.     New   Brimswick:   Miss   Marion  '        "     n    i^i-      ww     1  t     c 

Myers.     Saint    John     General     Hospital.     Nova  Fublic   Health    Section 

Scotia:  Sister  Mary  Peter.  St  Joseph's  Hospital.  Chairman:  Miss  .M.  Kerr.  Eburne.  B.C.  Vice- 
Glace  Bay.  Ontario:  Miss  L.  D.  Acton.  King-  Chairman:  Miss  W.  Dawson.  Health  Centre, 
ston  General  Hospital.  Prince  Edward  Island :  ggint  John.  N.B.  Secretary-Treasurer:  Miss  L. 
Miss  Georgie  Brown.  Prince  County  Hospital.  Creelman.  2570  Spruce  St.,  Vancouver,  B.C. 
Summerside.  Quebec:  Miss  M.  Batson.  Montreal  „  .„  ...  .  ,  ,^.  ,  „  . 
General  Hospital.  Saskatchewan:  Miss  A.  F.  Councillors:  Alberta:  Miss  Audrey  Dick,  York 
Lawrie.    Regina    General    Hospital.                                    Hotel.  Calgary.  British  Columbia:  Miss  F.  Innes. 

1922  Adanac  St.,  Vancouver.  Manitoba:  Miss  F. 

King,   Ste.    1.   Greysolon    Apts..    Winnipeg.    New 
General  Nursing  Section  Brunswick:  Miss  A.  Burns,  Health  Centre.  Saint 

John.    Nova  Scotia:  Miss  Jean   Forbes,    314   Roj 
'Chairman:  Miss  M.  Baker.  249  Victoria  St..  Lon-  Bldg..     Halifax.      Ontario:     Miss     G.     Ross.     It 

don.  Ont.    First  Vice-Chairman:  Miss  F.  M.  H.  Queen's    Park    Cres..    Toronto.     Prince    Edward 

Brown.  Wolfville.  N.S.    Second  Vice-Chairman:  Island:      Miss      Margaret      Darling,      Alberton. 

Miss  P.  Brownell.   212  Balmoral  St.,  Winnipeg,  Quebec:    Mile    A.    Martineau.    Dept.   of    Health. 

Man.     Secretary-Treasurer:     Miss     A.     Conroy,  City    of    Montreal.    Saskatchewan:    Miss    Gladys 

-404  Regent  St..  London,  Ont.  McDonald,  6  Mayfair  Apts..  Regina. 

279 


Provincial  Associations  of  Registered  Nurses 


ALBERTA 

Alberta    Association    of    Registered    NurM* 

President.  Miss  Rae  Chitticlt.  815-18th  Ave.  W.. 
Calgary;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Catherine  M. 
Clibborn.  University  of  Alberta  Hospital,  Ed- 
monton; Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Sister  M.  Beatrice,  St. 
Michael's  Hospital,  Lethbridge;  Secretary-Treas- 
urer &  Registrar,  Mrs.  A.  E.  Vango,  St.  Ste- 
phen's College.  Edmonton ;  Councillors :  Miss 
Margaret  D.  McLean,  Hiss  Helen  S.  Peters,  Miss 
Audrey  Dick,  Miss  Leona  Hennig;  Chairmen  of 
Sections:  General  Nursing,  .Miss  Leona  Hennig. 
305  Bank  of  Toronto  Bldg.,  Edmonton;  Hospital 
&  School  of  Nursing.  Miss  Helen  S.  Peters,  Uni- 
versity of  Alberta  Hospital.  Edmonton ;  Public 
Health,  Miss  Audrey  Dick,  York  Hotel,  Calgary; 
Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Violet  Chap- 
man,   Royal    Alexandra    Hospital,    Edmonton. 

Ponoka     District,     No.     2,     Alberta     Association     of 
Registered   Nurses 

Chairman.  Miss  Margaret  McLean;  Vice-Chair- 
man.  Miss  Karen  Westerlund;  Secretary-Treas- 
urer, Miss  Margaret  Tamblyn,  ProvincHal  Mental 
Hospital,  Ponoka;  Representative  to  The  Cana- 
dian Nurse,   Miss  Nessa  Leckie. 

Calgary    District,    No.    3,    Alberta    Association    of 
Registered    Nurses 

Chairman,  Miss  Kathleen  Connor,  Central 
Alberta  Sanatorium;  Vice-Chairman,  Miss  M. 
Deane-Kreeman ;  Secretary,  Miss  M.  Richards, 
Holy  Cross  Hospital.  Calgary;  Treasurer.  Miss 
M.  Watt;  Conveners  of  Sections:  Hospital  & 
School  of  Nursing,  Miss  J.  Connal;  Public 
Health.  Miss  A.  Dick;  General  Nursing,  Miss 
G.    Thome. 

Medicine    Hat    District,    No.    4,    Alberta    Association 
of    Registered    Nurses 

Chairman,  Miss  C.  E.  Mary  Rowles.  Medicine 
Hat  General  Hospital;  Vice-Chairman,  Miss  M. 
Hagerman,  Y.W.C.A.,  Medicine  Hat;  Secretary- 
Treasurer.  Miss  M.  M.  Webster.  .558  Fourth 
Street.  Medicine  Hat;  Entertainment  Com- 
mittee: Miss  Green,  Miss  Weeks,  Mrs.  D. 
F'awcett. 

Edmonton    District,    No.    7,    Alberta    Association    of 
Registered  Nurse* 

Chairman,  Miss  L  Johnson ;  First  Vice-Chair- 
man, Mrs.  O.  Porrltt;  Sec.  Vice-Chairman.  Rev. 
Sr.  Clotilda;  Sec.  Miss  G.  Bamforth,  Royal 
Alexandra  Hospital,  Edmonton;  Treas.,  Miss  V 
Leadlay;  Committee  Conveners:  Program,  Miss 
H.  McArthur;  Membership,  Miss  Lindsay;  Reps. 
to:  Local  Council  of  Women,  Miss  V.  Chap- 
man ;   The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  G.   Vicars. 

Lethbridge    District,    No.    8,    Alberta    Association    of 
Registered    Nurses 

Cliaimian,  Miss  Jean  MacKenzie,  1120  Sixth 
Avenue,  South.  Lethbridge;  Vice-Chairman.  Miss 
Ann  Kostuik;  Secretary,  Miss  Marjorie  Bair, 
Gait  Hospital,  Lethbridfe;  Treasurer.  Miss  Ruth 
Hooper. 

BRITISH   COLUMBIA 

Registered    Nurses    Association    of    British    Columbia 

President.  Miss  M.  Dnffield.  1C75  10th  Ave. 
W..  Vancouver :  First  Vice-President,  Miss  M. 
E.    Kerr;    Sec.    Vice-President.   Miss   G.    M.    Fair- 


ley;  Secretary,  .Miss  P.  Capelle,  Rm.  715.  Van- 
couver Block,  Vancouver;  Registrar,  Miss  Evelyn 
Mallory,  Rm.  715,  Vancouver  Block,  Vancouver; 
Councillors:  Miss  E.  Clark.  Miss  L.  Creelman, 
Sr.  Columkille,  Sr.  M.  Gregory.  Miss  F.  H. 
Walker;  Conveners  of  Sections:  Hospital  k 
School  of  Nursing.  Miss  F.  McQuarrie,  Vancou- 
ver General  Hospital;  Public  Health,  Miss  F. 
Innes.  1922  Adai;ac  St..  Vancouver:  General 
Nursing,  Mrs.  J.  F.  Hansom,  1178  Esquimau 
Ave.,  West  Vancouver;  Press,  Miss  L.  M.  Drjr*- 
dale,    5851    West   Boulevard,    Vancouver. 

MANITOBA 

Manitoba  Aisociation  of  Registered  Nurses 
President,  .Miss  A.  McKee.  V.O.N.,  Medical 
Arts  Bldg.,  Winnipeg;  First  Vice-Pres..  MissR. 
McNally.  General  Hospital,  Brandon;  Sec.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Miss  I.  McDiannid,  303  Langside  St..  Win- 
nipeg;  Hon.  Sec,  Mrs.  H.  Copeland,  Misericordia 
Hospital.  Winnipeg;  Members  of  Board:  Major 
P.  Payton.  Grace  Hospital,  Winnipeg;  Mi.ss  W. 
Grice,  St.  Boniface  Out-Patient  Dept. ;  Rev.  Sister 
Breux,  St.  Boniface  Ho.spital;  Miss  L.  Stewart, 
168  Chestnut  St.,  Winnipeg;  Miss  H.  Coram,  171 
Chestnut  St..  Winnipeg;  Miss  P.  Hart.  Mellta; 
Miss  C.  Lynch,  Winnipeg  General  Hospital;  Miss 
L.  Nordquist.  Carman  General  Hospital;  Conr 
veners  of  Sections:  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing, 
Miss  D.  Ditchfield,  Children's  Hospital.  Winni- 
peg; General  Niirsing,  Miss  C.  Bourgeault,  St. 
Boniface  Hospital;  Public  Health,  Miss  F.  King, 
Ste.  1.  Greysolon  Apts..  Winnipeg;  Committee 
Conveners:  Instrvciors  Group,  Mrs.  Copeland, 
.Misericordia  Ho.spital,  Winnipeg;  Social,  Miss  L. 
Kelly,  753  Wolseley  Ave..  Winnipeg;  Visitinif. 
Miss  J.  Stothart.  320  Sherbrooke  St.,  Winnipeg; 
Membership,  Nfiss  A.  Danilevitch,  St.  Boniface 
Out-Patient  Dept.;  Nightingale  Memorial  Fund, 
Miss  Z.  Beattie.  St.  Boniface  Hospital;  Repre- 
sentatives to:  Council  of  Social  Agencies,  MIm 
F.  Robertson.  753  Wolseley  Ave..  Winnipeg;  Red 
Cross,  Miss  C.  Maddin,  Bureau  of  Child  Hygiene, 
.Aberdeen  Ave.,  Winnipeg;  The  Canadian  Nurse, 
To  be  appointed;  Local  Council  of  Women,  Mrs. 
A.  L.  Wheeler.  Ste.  1,  221  Wellington  Cres.;  Red 
Cross  War  Council,  Miss  L  Broadfoot,  2n  .Anvers 
Apts.,  Winnipeg;  Secretary-Treasurer.  Miss  Ger- 
trude Hall.  212  Balmoral  St.,  Winnipeg. 

NEW   BRUNSWICK 

New  Brunswick  Association  of  Registered  Nurse* 
Pres..  Sister  Kerr,  Hotel  Dieu  Hospital, 
Campbellton;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  A.  J.  Mac- 
Master;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  L.  Smith;  Hon. 
Sec,  Miss  L.  Bartsch;  Counrillors:  Mrs.  G.  E. 
van  Dorsser,  Saint  John ;  Miss  D.  Parsons, 
Fredericton;  Sister  Anne  de  Parede,  Moncton; 
Miss  B.  M.  Hadrill.  Newcastle;  Miss  L.  Bartsch, 
Saint  John;  Misses  R.  Follis.  M.  McMullen,  St. 
Stephen;  Miss  E.  M.  Tulloch.  Woodstock;  Sec- 
Treas. -Registrar,  Miss  Alma  Law.  Health  Cen- 
tre, Saint  John;  Conveners  of  Sections:  Hospital 
&  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  M.  Myers;  General 
Nursing.  Miss  M.  Kay;  Public  Health,  Miss  A. 
A.  Burns;  Conveners  of  Committees:  Legislation, 
Miss  B.  L.  Gregory;  Instruction,  Miss  Boyd,  St. 
Stephen;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  H.  Cahill. 

NOVA   SCOTIA 

Registered  Nurses  Association  of  Nova  Srolia 
Pres.,  Miss  Marjorie  Jenkins,  Children's  Hos- 
pital. Halifax;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  D.  J.  Glllls. 
Windsor  Jet.;  Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  J.  Watklns, 
63  Henry  St.,  Halifax:  Third  Vice-Pres..  Miss  A. 
E.  Fenton,  Dalhousle  P.  H.  Clinic.  Halifax;  Rec. 
.Sec,  Mrs.  C.  W.  Bennett.  98  Edward  St.,  Ha- 
lifax;  Registrar-Treasurer-Corresponding  Secreta- 


OFFICIAL    DIRECTORY 


281 


ry,  Miss  Jean  C.  Dunning.  413  Dennis  Bldg.,  Hali- 
fax; Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Flora 
Anderson,   General    Hospital.   Glace   Bay. 

ONTARIO 

Registered       Nurses       Association       of       Ontario 

President.  Miss  Jean  L.  Church;  First  Viee- 
President.  Miss  M.  I.  Walker;  Second  Vice- 
President.  Miss  J.  Masten;  Secretary-Treasurer, 
Miss  Matilda  E.  Fitzgerald.  Room  630.  Physi- 
cians &  Surgeons  Bldg..  86  Bloor  St.  W..  To- 
ronto: Chairvien  of  Sections:  Hospital  &  School 
of  Nursing,  Miss  L.  D.  Acton.  General  Hospital, 
Kingston ;  General  Nursing.  Miss  D.  Ogilvie,  3+ 
Gilciirist  Ave.,  Ottawa:  Public  Health,  Miss  G. 
Ross,  l.i  Queen's  Park  Crescent.  Toronto:  Chair- 
men of  Districts:  Miss  J.  M.  Wilson,  Miss  W. 
Ashplant.  Miss  A.  Boyd.  Miss  A.  Bell,  Miss 
I,  Shaw.  Miss  A.  Baillie,  Miss  M.  Stewart,  Miai 
J.  Sinitli.  .Miss  M.  Buss. 

District    1 

Chairman.  Mrs.  C.  I.  Salmon;  First  Vice- 
Chairnian.  Major  D.  Barr;  Sec. — Treas.,  Miss 
A.  Kenny.  Aberdeen  Hotel,  Chatham;  Coun- 
cillors: Misses  Stewart.  Wightman,  Rathwell, 
Shaw,  Perrin,  Gray,  Mrs.  Wilson;  Conveners: 
Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  P.  Camp- 
bell: Oeneral  Nursing,  Miss  H.  O'Mahoney; 
Public  Health.  Miss  M.  Armstrong;  Enrolment, 
Miss  D.  Birrell. 

Districts   2   and    3 

Cliairnian.  Miss  Mary  F.  Bliss;  First  Vice- 
Chairnmn,  Mrs.  K.  Cowie;  Second  Vice-Chair- 
nian,  Miss  Olive  Waterman;  Secretary-Treasu- 
rer, Miss  Hilda  D.  Muir,  Brantford  General 
Hospital:  Councillors:  Misses  E.  Eby,  F.  Mc- 
Kenzie.  G.  Westbrook,  M.  Grieve,  C.  Atwood, 
L.    Trusdale. 

District   4 

Chairman.  Miss  M.  Buchanan;  First  Vice- 
Chairmaii.  Miss  E.  Bwart;  Sec.  Vice-Chairman, 
Miss  A.  Scheifele;  Sec.-Treas.,  Miss  G.  Coul- 
thart,  102  Wellington  St.  N.,  Hamilton;  Coun- 
cillors: Sr.  Grace.  Misses  Brewster.  Cameron, 
Wriglit.  Mrs.  Day,  N/S  Boyd;  Conveners:  Hos- 
pital &  School  ef  Nursing,  St.  Eileen;  Public 
Health.  Miss  H.  Snedden;  General  Nursing, 
Miss  S.  Murray;  Emergency  Nursing,  Mrs.  A. 
Haygarth. 

District  5 

Chairman.  Miss  A.  Bell;  First  Vice-Chair- 
man. Miss  K.  McNamara;  Sec,  Mrs.  E.  Major. 
10  Bonnyview  Dr..  Humber  Bay;  Treas..  Sfrs. 
R.  Cliallener:  Councillors:  Misses  G.  Jones,  R. 
Scott.  J.  Wallace.  J.  Mitchell,  G.  Versey,  I. 
Lawson :  Committee  Conveners:  Public  Health. 
Miss  L.  Pettigrew;  General  Nursing,  Miss  I. 
Lindsay:  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss 
8.    Giles. 

District   6 

Chairman.  Miss  I.  Shaw;  First  Vice-Chair- 
man, Miss  M.  McKenzie;  Sec.  Vice-Chairman, 
Miss  Covert  ;  Sec.-Treas..  Miss  V.  Taylor. 
General  Hospital,  Cobourg;  Committee  Con- 
veners: Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Misa  E. 
Young:  General  Nursing,  Miss  N.  DiCola; 
Public  Health,  Miss  Stewart;  Membership,  Miss 
N.  Brown:  Enrolment,  Miss  H.  Fitzgerald; 
Finance,    Miss    F.    Fitzgerald. 

District   7 

Chairman.  Miss  A.  Baillie:  Vice-Chairman, 
Miss  E.  Ardill:  Sec.-Treas..  Miss  E.  Sharp. 
Kingston  General  Hospital:  Councillors:  Misses 
tt.  Freeman.  V.  Manders,  E.  Moffatt.  P.  Gaven. 
*PT      Sr.     Donovan :      Conveners:      EosvHal     k 


School  of  Nursing.  Miss  L.  Acton;  Gemral 
Nursinc.  Miss  A.  Davis;  Public  Health,  MIsa 
D.  Storms;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Mi.ss  O.  Wilaon. 

District  S 

Chairman.  Miss  M.  Stewart;  First  Vice-Chair- 
man. Rev.  Sr.  M.  Evangeline;  Sec.  Vice-Chair- 
man. Miss  P.  Walker;  Sec.-Treas..  Mrs.  E.  M. 
Smith,  149  Laurier  Ave.  W..  Ottawa;  Councillors: 
Misses  V.  Belier.  W.  Cooke.  M.  Lowry,  K.  Mcll- 
raith.  Mrs.  G.  Eraser;  Conveners:  Hospital  & 
School  of  Nursing,  Rev.  Sr.  St.  Godfrey;  General 
Nursing,  Mrs.  G.  Fraser;  Public  Health.  Miss  F. 
Moroni:  Cornwall  Chapter,  Miss  M.  McWhinnie; 
Pembroke  Chapter.  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Evangeline;  The 
Canadian  Nurse.  Miss  H,  Tanner. 

District   9 

Chairman.  Miss  J.  Smith.  Gravenhurst;  First 
Vice-Chainnan.  Miss  K.  MacKenzie.  North  Bay: 
Sec.  Vice-Chairman,  Miss  A.  McGregor.  Sault 
Ste.  Marie;  Sec,  Miss  F,  Geddis.  Plummer 
Memorial  Hospital.  Sault  Ste.  Marie;  Treas., 
Miss  R.  Buchanan,  Sanitarium  P,  0.;  Conveners: 
Public  Health.  Miss  H.  E.  Smith.  New  Liskeard; 
Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  A.  Riordan, 
Sudbury;  General  Nursing,  Mrs.  E.  Sheridan. 
Sudijurv;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Sr.  Teresa  of 
the   Sacred    Heart,   Sault   Ste.   Marie. 

District  10 

Chairman.  Miss  M.  Buss.  The  Sanatoiium,  Fort 
William:  Vice-Chairman,  Miss  Alice  Hunter: 
Sec.-Treas.,  Miss  Dorothy  Chedister.  General 
Hospital.  Port  Arthur:  Councillors:  Miss  J.  Ho- 
garth. Miss  V.  Lovelace.  Miss  J.  Berry;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing. 
Miss  L.  Horwood;  General  Nursing,  Miss  L  Mor- 
rison:   Public   Health,  Miss   Q.   Donaldson. 

PRINCE    EDWARD    ISLAND 

Prince  Edward  Island  Registered  Nurses 
Association 
Pres.,  Miss  Katharine  MacLennan.  Provincial 
Sanatorium.  Charlottetown ;  Vice-Pres..  Miss  Ma- 
ry Devereaux.  New  Haven ;  Sec.  Miss  Anna 
Mair.  P.E.L  Hospital.  Charlottetown;  Treas.  ft 
Registrar.  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Magdalen,  Charlottetown 
Hospital;  Chairmen  of  Sections:  Hospital  h 
School  of  Nursing,  Miss  Georgie  Brown,  Prince 
Co.  Hospital.  Summerside:  General  Nursing,  Miss 
Dorothy  Hennessey.  Charlottetown  Hospital, 
Charlottetown ;  Public  Health,  Miss  Margaret 
Darling,    Alberton. 

QUEBEC 

Association  of  Registered  Nurses  of  the  Province 
of  Quebec  (Incorporated,  1920) 
President.  MLss  Eileen  C.  Flanagan;  Vice- 
President  (^English).  Miss  Maliel  K.  Holt;  Vice- 
President  ^French).  Rev.  Soeur  Valerie  de  la 
Sagesse:  Honourary  Secretary,  Mile  Alice  Al- 
bert; Honourary  Treasurer,  Miss  Fanny  Mun- 
roe:  Af  embers  vithout  Office:  Misses  Marion 
Nash.  Mary  Ritchie.  Miles  Roy,  Trudel.  Giroux: 
.Advisory  Board:  Misses  Jean  S.  Wilson. 
Margaret  L.  Moag.  Catherine  M.  Ferguson, 
Marion  Lindeburgh,  Miles  Anysie  Deland, 
Maria  Beaumier.  Edna  Lynch:  Conveners  of 
Sections:  General  Nursing  (English),  To  be 
appointed:  General  Nursing  (French),  Mile 
Anne-Marie  Roljert,  5484-A  rue  St.  Denis. 
Montreal:  Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing  (Eng- 
lish). Miss  Martha  Batson.  Montreal  General 
Hospital:  Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing 
(French).  Rev.  Soeur  Mance  Decarj-,  Hopital  No- 
tre-Dame.  Montreal:  Public  Health  (English), 
Miss  Kathleen  Dickson.  Royal  Edward  Institute, 
Montreal:  Public  Health  (French).  Mile  Annon- 
ciade  Martineau.  1034  rue  St.  Denis.  Apt.  6. 
Montreal:  Board  of  Examiners:  Miss  Mary 
Mathewson  (convener),  Misses  Norena  S.  Mac- 
kenzie. Madeleine  Flander,  Miles  Alexina  Mar- 
cfaesaault,   Anvsie  Deland.  Suzanne   Giroux:    Exe- 


IH2 


T  H  f:    CANADIAN    NURSE 


cutive  Secretary,  Registrar,  and  Official  School 
Visitor,  Miss  E.  Frances  Upton.  Room  1019.  Me- 
dical Arts  Bldg.,  1538  Sherbrooke  St.  West, 
Montreal. 

SASKATCHEWAN 

Saskatchewan    Registered    Nurse*    Associadoa 
(Incorponitod    1917) 

President.  Miss  M.  Diederichs,  Regina  Grey 
Nuns  Hospital;  First  Vice-President.  Miss  M. 
Ingham,  Moose  Jaw  General  Hospital;  Second 
Vice-President.  Miss  E.  Pearston,  Melfort;  Coun- 
cillors :  Miss  M.  E.  Grant,  922-9th  Ave.  N., 
Saskatoon;  Miss  M.  Pierce.  Wolseley;  Chairmen 
of  Sections:  General  Nursing,  Miss  R.  Woany, 
2216    Smith    St..    Regina;    Hospital   &    School    of 


Nursing,  Miss  A.  F.  Lawrie,  Regina  General' 
Hospital;  Public  Health,  Miss  Gladys  McDonald, 
6  Mayfair  Apts.,  Regina;  Secretary-Treasurer, 
Registrar  and  Advisor,  Schools  for  Nurses,  Min- 
K.  W.  Ellis,  University  of  Saskatchewan,  Sa» 
katoon. 

Regina   Registered  Nurses  Association 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  A.  Lawrie;  Pres.,  Miss  K 
Morton ;  Vice-Pres..  Miss  R.  Simpson ;  Sec.,  MIs*- 
E.  Howard.  General  Hospital;  Treas.  &  Re- 
gistrar, Miss  L.  Dahl;  Conveners:  Registry,  Miss- 
L.  Lynch ;  Membership,  Miss  K.  McLachlan ;  En- 
tertainment, Miss  Spelliscy;  General  Nursing, 
Miss  R.  Wozny ;  Public  Health,  Miss  F.  Dean : 
Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  M.  Zens. 


Alumnae  Associations 


ALBERTA 

A.A.,    Calgary    General    Hospital,    Calgary 

Hon.  Pres..  Misses  S.  Mac^.lonald.  A.  Hebert; 
Hon.  Members:  Misses  M.  Moodie,  J.  Murphy,  A. 
Casey ;  Pres.  Mrs.  A.  Warrington ;  First  Vice- 
Pres..  Mrs.  G.  McPherson ;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs. 
T.  Ellis;  Rec.  Sec.  Mrs.  J.  Mclntyre;  Corr. 
Sec,  Miss  J.  Gumming.  238  Crescent  Rd.;  Treas.. 
Mrs.  B.  Charles;  Membership,  Mrs.  A.  Wilson; 
Press,  Miss  C.  Rose. 

A.A.,    Holy    Cross    Hospiul,    Calgary 

President,  Miss  Ruth  Turnbull;  First  Vice- 
President,  Miss  Gertrude  Thome;  Second  Vice- 
President.  Miss  Margaret  Bella;  Recording  Se- 
cretary. Mrs.  A.  Kloepfer;  Corresponding  Secre- 
tary, Mrs.  C.  Harrison,  412-2lst  Avenue,  N.W., 
Treasurer.   Mrs.  Elaine  S.  Clarke. 

A. A.,  Edmonton  General  Hospital,  Edmonton 

Hon.  Pres..  Sr.  M.  O'Grady,  Sr.  F.  Neuhausel; 
Pres.,  Miss  E.  Bietsch;  First  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  R. 
Price;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  J.  Slavik.  E.G.H.;  Rec. 
Sec,  Miss  A.  Strochinski ;  Treas.,  Miss  E. 
Wallsmith;  Private  Duty,  Miss  M.  Hozak;  Visit- 
ing Committee:  Misses  Nelson,  Deschatelets ; 
Standing  Committee:  Misses  Kuntz,  Beaton, 
Barden,  Ryan,  Mrs.  Lowing. 

A. A.,    Royal   Alexandra   Hospital,    Edmonton 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  M.  Eraser;  Pres.,  Miss 
Einarson;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  L  Johnson; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  R.  Boyd;  Rec.  Sec,  Mrs. 
M.  Hall;  Corr.  Sec,  Mrs.  W.  White,  R.A.H.; 
Treas.,  Miss  F.  Toby;  Committee  Conveners: 
Program,  Mrs.  J.  White;  Visiting,  Miss  T. 
Holm;  Social,  Miss  K.  Dunlop;  News  Letter, 
Miss  A.  Piercy;  Benefit,  Miss  L  Johnson; 
Scholarship,  Miss  G.  Allyn;  Executive:  Miss  A. 
Anderson,   Mmes  J.   F.  Thompson,  P.  Baker. 

A.A.,    Uaiversity    of    Alberta    Hospital,    Bdmontoa 

Honourary  President,  Miss  Helen  S.  Peters 
President,  Mrs.  D.  Payment;  Vice-President, 
Miss  S.  Greene;  Recording  Secretary.  Mrs.  A 
Ward;  Corresponding  Secretary'.  Mrs.  S.  Gra 
ham.  10448-126th  Street;  Treasurer.  Miss  D 
Wright;  Executive  Committee:  Mrs.  W.  Slean 
Miss  K.  Chapman,  Miss  B.  Fane.  Miss  D.  Hay 
cock. 

A. A.,   Lamont   Public   Hospital,   Lamont 

Honourary  President,  Miss  F.  E.  Welsh, 
Ooderich.  Ont. :  President,  Mrs.  R.  H.  Shears; 
First  Vice-President,  Mrs.  G.  Archer;  Second 
Vice-President  Mrs.  G.  Harrolld:  Secretary- 
Treasurer,  Mrs.  B.  L  Love.  Elk  Island  National 


Park.  Lamont;  News  Editor,  Mrs.  Peterson.. 
Hardisty;  Convener,  Social  Committee,  Miss  C 
Stewart. 

A.A.,     Vegreville     General     Hospital,     Vegreville 

Hon.  President.  Sister  Anna  Keohane;  Hon. 
Vice-President.  Sister  J.  Boisseau ;  President,. 
Mrs.  Stanley  Walker,  Vegreville;  Vice-President, 
Mrs.  Rennie  Landry.  Vegreville;  Secretary- 
Treasurer.  Miss  Annie  Askin,  Box  213,  Vegre- 
ville;   Visiting  Committee    (chosen   monthly). 


BRITISH  COLUMBIA 

A. A.,    St.    Paul's    Hospital,    Vancouver 

Hon.  Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Phillipe;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Columbkille;  Pres.,  Miss  J. 
Mitchell;  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  F.  Engby;  Sec,  Miss^ 
B.  Falk,  3776-33  Ave.  W;  Treas.,  Miss  E.  Atter- 
bine;  Registrar,  Miss  Stewart;  Committee  Con- 
veners: Social,  Miss  W^alters;  Program,  Miss  M. 
Bell;  Visiting,  Miss  McCauley;  Mutual  Benefit, 
Miss  McGee ;  Press,  Miss  N.  Johnson ;  Rep.  ta 
The   Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  C.   Bryant. 

A. A..   Vancouver  General    Hospital,   Vancouver 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  G.  Fairley;  Pres.,  Miss  F. 
Innes;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  L.  Creelman;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  A.  Grundy;  Rec  Sec,  Miss  N. 
Cunningham;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  L.  Lore,  1589  E. 
Broadway;  Treas.,  Mrs.  F.  L.  Faulkner;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  Mutual  Benefit,  Miss  M.  Ed- 
wards; Visiting,  Mrs.  M.  Appleby;  Social,  Mrs. 
G.  E.  Gillies;  Membership,  Miss  W.  Neen;  Re- 
freshment, Miss  S.  McDiarmid;  Program,  Mrs. 
R.   Stevens;   Rep.  to  Press,  Miss  M.  Mcdonnell. 

A. A.,    Royal    Jubilee    Hospital.    Victoria 

President,  Mrs.  D.  J.  Hunter:  Fir.-;t  Vice-Pres., 
Mrs.  D.  MacLoud:  Sec  Vice-Pres..  Miss  R. 
Kirkendale;  Sec,  Mrs.  J.  A.  McCague,  1046 
View  St.  W..  No.  6;  Assist.  Sec,  Miss  M. 
Bawden;  Treas.,  Miss  Mary  Alexander;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  Visiting,  Mrs.  F.  Hall;  Mem- 
bership, Miss  M.  Alexander:  Rep.  to  Press, 
Miss    D.    Van. 

A. A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    Victoria 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sr.  M.  Kathleen;  Hon.  Vice-Pres.. 
Sr.  M.  Gregory;  Pres.,  Mrs.  G.  Rose;  Vice- 
Pres..  Mrs.  J.  Grant;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  J. 
Welch;  Rec.  Sec.  Mrs.  J.  Stokes;  Corr.  Sec, 
Miss  G.  Wahl,  St.  Joseph's  Hospital;  Treas., 
Miss  M.  Murphy;  Press,  Miss  J.  Cooney;  Coun- 
cillors: Mmes  Ridewood,  Bn'ant.  Sinclair,  Lewis; 
Vital   Statistics,   Miss   Cruickshank. 


OFFICIAL    DIRECTORY 


283 


MANITOBA 

A.A.,   St.   Boniface   Hospital,   St.   Boniface 

Hon.  Pres..  Rev.  Sr.  Superior;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres..  Mrs.  W.  Crosby;  Pres.,  Mrs.  W.  McEl- 
heran:  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  S.  Wright:  Sec. 
Vice-Pres..  >nss  W.  Grice;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  H. 
Fairbairn;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  D.  Webster,  18 1 
River  Ave..  Winnipeg;  Treas..  Miss  H.  Oliver; 
Archivist.  Miss  Margason ;  Advisory  Committee: 
Miss  MacCalluni,  Mmes  McElheran.  Greville, 
Groelle.  L'Eucyer.  Rev.  Sr.  Superior;  Conveners: 
Visiting,  Miss  Johnson ;  Social  &  Program,  Miss 
Rungay;  Membership,  Miss  Vandecar;  Reps,  to 
The  Canadia)i  yurse,  Miss  Watson;  M. A.R.N. , 
Miss  Troendle;  Man.  Directory,  Mrs.  Shinmow- 
ski ;    Local  Council  of  Women,   Mrs.   Shankman. 


A.A.,    Children'!    Hospiul,    Winnipeg 

Pres.,  Mrs.  W.  Stewrart;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss 
M.  Perley;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  E.  Hyndman;  Corr. 
Sec,  Miss  E.  Young,  91  Home  St.;  Treas.,  Miss 
B.  Thain,  21  Stratford  Hall;  Conveners:  Program, 
Miss  M.  Smith;  Ways  &  Means,  Mrs.  H.  Moore; 
Visiting  &  Red  Cross,  Mrs.  Campbell;  Member- 
ship, Miss  R.  Hutton;  News  Editor,  Mrs.  G.  Jack. 


A. A.,    Winnipeg    General    Hospital,    Winnipeg 

Hon.  Pres..  Mrs.  A.  W.  Moody;  Pres.,  Miss  I. 
McDiarmid;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  C.  Lethbridge; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  T.  Wiggins;  Third  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  E.  Wilson;  Rec  Sec,  Miss  J.  Smith;  Corr. 
Sec,  Miss  T.  Fredrickson.  630  Maryland  St.; 
Treas.,  Miss  F.  Stratton;  Committee  Conveners: 
Program,  Mrs.  W.  H.  Anderson;  Membership, 
Miss  B.  V.  Seeman;  Visiting,  Mrs.  J.  F.  Page; 
Journal,  Mrs.  W.  G.  Beaton ;  School  of  Nursing, 
Miss  G.  Hall;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  H. 
Smith;  Central  Directory,  Miss  A.  Howard; 
Archivist,  Miss  M.  Stewart;  Jubilee,  Miss  P. 
Bonner;  Council  of  Women,  Miss  M.  McGilvray: 
Council  of  Social  Agencies,  Miss  B.  McClung. 


NEW  BRUNSWICK 


A.A.,    Halifax    Infirmary,    Halifax 

Pres..  Miss  Dorothy  Turner;  Vice-Pres..  Miss 
Rita  Maclnnes;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  Elisabeth  Mac- 
Dougall;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  Loretta  Pertus,  111% 
.Morris  St.;  Treas..  Miss  Gertrude  Shortall; 
Committee  Conveners:  Visiting,  Miss  Eisen- 
hauer:  Entertainment,  Miss  Mary  Ready;  Press, 
Miss  Margaret  Grant;  Librarian,  Miss  Shafer; 
Nominating,  Mrs.   Power. 


A. A.,     Victoria     General     Hospital,     Halifax 

Pres..  Miss  Agnes  Cox.  Tuberculosis  Hospi- 
tal; Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  E.  MacQuade;  Sec.  Miss 
Grace  Porter.  267  South  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  Helen 
Joncas,  Victoria  General  Hospital;  Committee 
Conveners:  Entertainment,  Misses  M.  Ripley,  A. 
Power;  Refreshments,  Mrs.  Cullen,  Miss  Ger- 
raise;  Visiting,  Misses  G.  Byers,  H.  Watson; 
Private   Duty,   Miss    Isobel   Macintosh. 


ONTARIO 


A.A.,     Belleville    General     Hospital,    Belleville 

Pres.,  Miss  D.  Williams;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss 
\.  DiCola;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Peacock; 
Sec.  Miss  Edna  Sullivan,  General  Hospital; 
Treas..  Miss  M.  Leurj':  Registrar,  Miss  M.  Dun- 
can; Committee  Conveners:  Flowers,  Miss  D. 
Hogle;  Social.  Miss  D.  Warren;  Program,  MLss 
.M.  Fitzgerald:  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse  & 
Press,   Miss   M.   Plumton. 


A. A.,     Brantford     General      Hospital,     Brentford 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  McKee;  Pres.,  Mrs.  S. 
Barber;  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  A.  Grierson;  Sec,  Miss 
I.  Feely,  General  Hospital ;  Treas.,  Miss  J.  Rou- 
sell;  Committee  Conveners:  Social,  Mrs.  G. 
Thompson,  Miss  M.  Robertson;  Flower,  Misses  N. 
Vardley.  R.  Moffat:  Gift,  Misses  K.  Charnley,  H. 
Muir;  Reps,  to:  The  Canadian  Nurse  &  Press, 
Miss  M.  Copeland;  Private  Duty  Section,  Miss  E. 
Scott;  Local  Council  of  Women,  Mmes  W.  Rid- 
fkdk,  A.  Mizon,  R.  Smith;  Red  Cross,  Miss  B. 
Lewis. 


A. A.,  Saint  John  General  Hospital,  Saint  John 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  E.  J.  Mitchell;  Pres.,  Miss 
G.  Brown:  First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  H.  L.  Ellis; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  S.  Hartley;  Sec.  Miss  F. 
Congdon.  S.J.G.H. :  Treas.,  Miss  H.  Tracy, 
S.J.G.H.:  Assist.  Treas.,  Miss  R.  Wilson;  Exe- 
cutive: Misses  M.  Murdoch,  P.  White,  B.  Bain, 
Mrs.  J.  Wilson. 


A.A.,   L.    P.    Fisher   Memorial    Hospital,    Woodstock 

President,  Mrs.  Hebec  Inghram;  Vice-Presi- 
dent. Mrs.  Wendall  Slipp,  Chapel  Street;  Se- 
cretarj'.  Mrs.  Arthur  Peabody;  Treasurer,  Miss 
Nellie  Wallace:  Executive  Committee:  Miss  Mar- 
garet Parker,  Miss  Evelyn  Briggs,  Miss  Mabel 
Howe. 


NOVA    SCOTIA 

A. A.,    Glace    Bay    General     Hospital,    Glace    Bay 

Pres.,   Mrs.    F.   MacKlnnlon;    First   Vlce-Pre«., 
Mrs.     W.     MacPherson;     Sec.     Vice-Pres.,     Mrs. 

H.  Spencer;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss  B.  MacKenzie;  Corr. 
Sec,  Miss  F.  Anderson,  General  Hospital; 
Treas.,  Miss  W.  MacLeod;  Committee  Contwnert: 
Executive,  Miss  C.  Roney;  Visiting,  Mrs.  G. 
Turner;    Finance.    Miss    A.    Beaton. 


A.A.,    Brockville    General    Hospital,    Brockville 

Hon.  Presidents,  Misses  A.  Shannette,  E. 
.Moffatt:  Pres.,  Mrs.  M.  White;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Mrs.  W.  Cooke;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  L.  Merkley; 
Sec,  Miss  H.  Corbett.  127  Pearl  St.  E. :  Ass. 
Sec,  Mrs.  E.  Finlay;  Treas.,  Mrs.  H.  Van  Dusen; 
Committee  Conveners:  Social,  Mrs.  H.  Green; 
Flower,  Miss  Kendrick;  Program,  Mrs.  Derry; 
Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,   Miss  Corbett. 

A.A.,  Public  General  Hospital,  Chatham 

Hon.  Pres.,  .Miss  P.  Campbell:  Pres.,  Miss  L. 
Hastings;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  F.  Armstrong; 
Rec.  Sec.  Miss  V.  Cames;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  M. 
Gilbert.  104  Harvey  St.:  Treas.,  Miss  J.  Rickard; 
Committees:  Flowers:  Miss  Malott;  Social:  Miss 
Purcell.  Mrs.  Goldrick;  Refreshments:  Mrs. 
Bourne,  Miss  Houston:  Councillors:  Misses  Head, 
Dyer.  Baird.  McNaughton :  Reps,  to  Press:  Miss 
Patterson;   The  Canadian  Nurse:  Miss  L.  Smyth. 


A.A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    Chatham 

Hon.  Pres.,  Mother  M.  Pascal :  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Sister  M.  St.  Anthony;  President,  Miss 
Hazel  Gray:  First  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  A.  E.  Ro- 
berts: Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  May  Boyle;  Secre- 
tary-Treasurer. Miss  Mary-Clare  Zink,  4  Robert- 
son Ave.;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  Anne  Kenny;  Repre- 
sentative to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Ursula 
O'Neill. 


284 


THE   CANADIAN    NURSE 


A.A..     CmtawM     General     Hoipital,     Cornwall 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  H.  C.  Wilson:  Pres.,  Miss  E. 
Allen;  First  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  M.  Quail;  Sec- 
Treas.,  Miss  G.  Meyer.  General  Hospital;  Com- 
wtittee  Conveners:  Program,  Miss  M.  Summers; 
Social  Finance,  Miss  M.  Franklin;  Flower:  Miss 
E.  Rustin.  Miss  G.  Meyer;  Visiting:  Mrs.  Wa- 
goner. Mrs.  FrayMe;  Membership,  Miss  G.  Rowe; 
Ittp.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  B.  Kinkaid. 


A. A.,   Kingston    General    Hospiul,    Kingston 

Hon.  President.  Miss  L.  D.  Acton;  President. 
Mrs.  F.  W.  Atack,  Centre  St.;  First  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Mrs.  Graham  Campbell;  Sec.  Vice-President. 
Miss  E.  Freeman:  Secretary,  Mrs.  Chas.  Ryder, 
sU  Johnson  St.;  Treasurer.  Mrs.  C.  W.  Mallory, 
176  Alfred  St.;  Assist.  Treas..  Miss  P.  Timmer- 
man;    Press   Representative,   Miss   Mae   Porter. 


A.A.,    Gait    Hospiul,    Gait 

President.  Mrs.  E.  D.  Scott;  Vice-President, 
Miss  Hazel  Blagden;  Secretary,  Mrs.  A.  Bond. 
General  Hospital;  Treasurer.  Mrs.  W.  Bell;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  Social,  Miss  Claire  Murphy; 
Flower,  Miss  L.  MacNair;  Press,  Mrs.  J.  M. 
D>'rne. 

A.A.,   Guelph   General   Hospital,   Guelph 

Honourarv  President.  Miss  S.  A.  Campbell; 
Presider.t,  Miss  L.  Ferguson;  First  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Mrs.  F.  C.  McLeod;  Secretary.  Miss  Marj' 
R.  Upward,  General  Hospital;  Treasurer,  Miss 
A.    Armstrong. 

A. A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    Guelph 


A.A.,     Kitchener    and     Waterloo     General     Hospital, 
Kitchener 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  K.  W.  Scott;  Pres.,  Mrs.  H. 
Christner;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  G.  Cornwall; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  E.  Carey;  Sec.  Miss  O. 
Daitz,  K.  &  W.  Hospital;  Treas.,  Miss  E.  Jant- 
zen:  Committee  Conveners:  Program,  Miss  M. 
McManus;  Lunch,  Mrs.  R.  Hodd;  Flowers:  Misses 
M.  McManus.  M.  McLean;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian 
Xurse,  Miss  A.  Leslie. 


A. A.,    St.    Mary's    Hospital,    Kitchener 

Hon.  Pres..  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Gerard;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres..  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Geraldine;  Pres.,  Miss  Millie 
\.  G.  Brand;  Vice-Pres..  Miss  Jean  Pickard; 
Rec.  Sec,  Miss  Melva  Lapsley;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss 
Marie  A.  Lorentz,  92  Victoria  St.  S.,  Waterloo; 
Treas..  Miss  Beatrice   Hertel. 


Hon.  Pres..  Sr.  M.  Augustine;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres..  Sr.  M.  Dominica;  Pres.,  Miss  Doris  Mil- 
ton; Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Eva  Murphy;  Rec.  Sec. 
Miss  B.  Kadwell;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  Anna  M. 
Herringer,  St.  Joseph's  Hospital;  Treas.,  Miss 
H.  Harding:  Convener  of  Social  Committee, 
Mrs.  T.  McCorkindale;  Representative  to  The 
Canadian    Nurse,    Miss    A.    Herringer. 

A. A.,   Hamilton  General   Hospital,   Hamilton 


Hon.  President,  Miss  C.  E.  Brewster:  Presi- 
dent. Miss  M.  O.  Watson:  First  Vice-President. 
Miss  M.  Watt:  Second  Vice-President.  Miss  N. 
Coles;  Recording  Secretary.  Mrs.  H.  Roy:  Cor- 
responding Secretary.  Miss  E.  Ferguson.  Ha- 
milton General  Hospital;  Treasurer.  Mrs.  W. 
N.  Paterson.  114  Traymore  St.;  Secretary-Treas- 
urer. Mutual  Benefit  Association.  Miss  H.  Sa- 
bine. 132  Ontario  Ave.:  Committee  Conveners: 
Executive.  Miss  E.  Bingeman :  Social,  Miss  H.  G. 
McCulloch:  Flowers,  Miss  G.  Servos;  Budget, 
Mrs.   H.   Roy. 

A. A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hoipital,    Hamilton 

Hon.  Pres..  Sr.  M.  Alphonsa;  Pres..  Mrs.  B. 
Markle;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  B.  Cocker:  Treas.. 
Miss  L.  Currv;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  F.  Nicholson: 
Corr.  Sec,  Miss  E.  Moran.  95  Victoria  Ave.  S. ; 
Executive:  Misses  Crane.  Dynes,  Miller,  McMa- 
namy.  Hayes.  Quinn.  Markle.  Neal;  Entertain- 
ment, Miss  A.  Williams;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian 
ifurse.   Miss  J.   Stevenson. 


A. A.,    Hotel-Dieu     Kingston 


Hon.  Presidents.  Rev.  Sr.  Rouble.  Mrs.  \\ . 
Elder;  Pres..  Mrs.  W.  H.  Lawler:  First  Vice- 
Pres..  Mrs.  V.  Fallon:  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  C. 
Keller;  Sec.  Miss  M.  Flood,  380  Brock  St.:  Sec- 
Treas..  Miss  D.  McGuire;  Committees:  Execu- 
tive: Mmes  Elder.  Ahern.  Hickey.  Miss  K.  Mc- 
Garry;  Visiting:  Miss  A.  O'Connell.  Mrs.  A. 
Thompson;  Social:  Misses  J.  Carty.  M.  Hiuch. 


A. A..    Roii    Memorial     Hospital,    Lindsay 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  E.  S.  Reid;  Pres.,  Mrs.  M. 
Thurston;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  G.  Lehigh;  Sec. 
Miss  Doris  Currins.  Lindsay.  R.R.  6;  Trea^i..  Mrs. 
U.  Cres«well;  Committee  Conveners:  Program: 
Misses  Harding.  Wilson;  Refreshments:  Misses 
Stewart.  Kirley;  Flowers,  Miss  M.  Bracken  ridge: 
Press.  Miss  B.  Owen;  Red  Cross  Supply,  Miss  A. 
Flett. 


A.A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    London 


Hon 
Pres.. 
First 
Pres.. 
579   W 
Treas.. 
veners 
nance : 
gistrv: 
.M.   Re; 


Pres.,    Mother   M.    Theodore;    Hon.    Vice- 
Sister    M.    Ruth:    Pres..    Miss    L    Griffin; 
Vice-Pres..    Miss    M.    Russell:    Sec.    Vice- 
Miss   A.    Kelly;    Corr.    Sec.   Miss   M.   Best, 
aterloo  St.;    Rec   Sec.   Miss  B.  Crawford; 
Miss     A.     Schweitzer;     Committee     Con- 
Social:   Misses    M.    Ings.    M.    Kelly;    Fi- 
Misses  M.   Etue.   0.   O'Neil;   Reps,  to  Re- 
Misses   M.   Baker,   E.   Beger;    Press,    Miss 
an. 


A. A.,  Victoria   Hospital,  London 


Hon.  Pres..  Miss  H.  M.  Stuart;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres..  Mrs.  A.  E.  Silverwood;  Pres..  Miss  G. 
Erskine:  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  M.  Stevenson; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  A.  Mallock;  Rec.  Sec. 
Miss  A.  Versteeg:  Corr.  Sec.  Mrs.  M.  Ripley. 
422  Central  Ave.;  Treas..  Miss  E.  ORourke.  188 
Coibourne  St.;  Publications:  Misses  L.  MacGu- 
gan.   E.   Stephens. 


A.A.,  Niagara   Falls   General   Hospital,   Niagara   Falls 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  M.  Parks:  Pres..  Mrs.  D. 
Mylchreest:  Hon.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  M.  Buchanan; 
First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  R.  Livingstone:  Sec.  Vice- 
Pres.  Miss  D.  Scott:  Sec.  Mrs.  E.  Robins.  2432 
Ker  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  M.  Cooley.  730-4th  Ave.; 
Committees:  Visiting.  Miss  R.  Wilkinson;  Edit- 
rational.  Miss  J.  McNally;  Membership.  Miss  V. 
Wigley:  Reps,  to:  The  Canadian  Nurse  & 
R.y.A.O.,  Miss  L  Hammond;  Press,  Mrs.  Ef- 
ferick. 


OFFICIAL    DIRECTORY 


285 


/CA..    Orillia    SeldUn'    Memorial    Hospital,    Orillia 

Honourary  Presidents,  Miss  E.  Johnston,  Miaa 
O.  Waterman;  President.  Mrs.  H.  Hainaford; 
Vice-Presidents.  Miss  C.  Buie.  Miss  M.  MacLel- 
kind;  Treasurer.  Miss  L.  V.  MacKenzie,  SI  Wil- 
liam St.;  Secretary,  Miss  Muriel  Givens,  23  Albert 
St.;  Directors:  Misses  S.  Dudenhoffer.  B.  McFad- 
den.  G.  Adams;  Aiuiitors:  Miss  F.  Robertson. 
tin.  H.   Burnet. 


A. A.,  Osliawa  General  Hospital,  Oshawa 

Hon.  Presidents,  Misses  E.  MacWilliams.  B. 
Bell,  E.  Stuart;  Pres.,  Miss  M.  Green;  First 
Vice-Pres..  Miss  P.  Riciiardson ;  Sec.  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  M.  Gibson ;  Sec,  Miss  M.  Anderson ;  Corr. 
Sec,  Miss  L.  McKnight.  39  Elgin  St.  E. :  Treas.. 
Miss  A.  Knott;  Covimittee  Conveners:  Program, 
Mfss  H.  Trew,  Social,  Miss  D.  Brown ;  Fep.  to 
The  Canadian  yurse,  Miss  W.  Werry. 


A. A.,    Lady    Stanley    Institute     (Incorporated    1918) 
Ottawa 


urer,  Mrs.  Ralph  Snelgrove,  750  Second  Avenue, 
West;  Representative  to  R.N.A.O.,  Miss  P. 
Ellis. 


A.A.,   Nicholls   Hospital,  Peterborough 

Hon.  Pres.,  Mrs.  E.  M.  Leeson,  Miss  E.  G. 
Young;  Pres..  Miss  Lottie  Ball;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  D.  E.  MacBuen:  Sec  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  J. 
Preston ;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  Florence  Scott ;  Corr. 
Sec,  Miss  A.  MacKenzie,  758  George  St.;  Treas., 
Miss  Isobel  King,  210  Antrim  St.;  Social  Con- 
veners: Mrs.  V.  Janeway,  Miss  S.  Trottei^ 
Flouer  Convener,  Miss  Mae  Stone. 


A. A.,     St.     Joseph's     Hospital,     Port     Arthur 

Honourary  President.  Rev.  Mother  Cainillus; 
Honourarj'  Vice-President.  Rev.  Sister  Sheila; 
President,  Mrs.  Jack  Tiskey;  Vice-President. 
Miss  Cecila  Kelly;  Secretary.  Mrs.  Jack  Weir. 
419  Ambrose  St.;  Treasurer,  Miss  Millie  Reid ; 
Executive:  Misses  Aili  Johnson,  Lucy  Miocich. 
Olive  Thompson,  Isabel  Hamer,  Mrs.  W.  Geddes 


Hon.  Pres.,  Mrs.  W.  S.  Lyman ;  Pres.,  Mrs. 
W.  E.  Caven;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  G.  Halpenny; 
Sec,  Mrs.  P.  R.  Grant.  74  Byron  Ave.;  Treas., 
Mrs.  G.  C.  Bennett;  Board  of  Directors:  Mrs. 
Waddell,  Misses  McNiece,  McGibbon.  Flack; 
Flower  Convener,  Miss  E.  Booth;  Representatives 
to:  Press,  Miss  G.  Halpenny;  Registry:  Misses 
M.  Slinn.  E.  Curry;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Mrs. 
V.   Boles. 


.\.A.,    Ottawa    Civic    Hospital,    Ottawa 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  G.  M.  Bennett;  Pres.,  Miss  D. 
Ogilvie;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  L.  Gourlay;  Sec 
Vice-Pres..  Miss  G.  Ferguson ;  Rec  Sec.  Miss 
G.  Wilson;  Corr.  Sec  &  Press.  Miss  M.  Tullis 
O.C.H.:  Treas.,  Miss  D.  Johnston.  98  Holland 
Ave.;  Councillors:  Mmes  M.  Johnston,  H.  Kidd, 
G.  Dunning,  E.  Haines.  Misses  Fleiger,  H.  Wil- 
son; Committee  Conveners:  Flower,  Miss  H. 
King;  Visiting,  Miss  Joyce:  Reps,  to:  Central 
Registry,  Misses  R.  Alexander,  O.  Bradley,  E. 
Graydon,   C.    McLeod. 


A. A.,   Sarnia   General    Hospital,    Samia 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  Shaw;  Pres.,  Miss  M.  Thomp- 
son: Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  V.  Galloway;  Sec,  Misi 
F.  Morrison.  I38i4  N.  Front  St.;  Treas..  Miss  I. 
Dunford;  Committee  Conveners:  Social,  Miss 
Revington;  Program,  Miss  Bloomfield;  Flower 
&  Visiting,  Miss  Cairns;  Alumnae  Room,  Miaa 
Shaw;  Nominating,  Miss  Siegrist;  Rep.  to:  The 
Canadian  Nurse  &  Press,  Mrs.  M.  Elrick. 


A. A.,     Stratford     General     Hospital,     Stratford 

Honourary  President,  Miss  A.  M.  Munn; 
President,  Miss  Annie  Ballantyne.  General 
Hospital:  Secretary,  Mrs.  Viola  Byrick,  308 
Huron  Street:  Treasurer.  Miss  Jean  Watson. 
General  Hospital;  Committee  Conveners  :  Social, 
Miss  Bernice  Moore;  Assists:  Miss  L.  Attwood, 
Miss  M.  Mackenzie;  Flower  and  Gifts,  Miss 
M.    Murr. 


A. A.,   Ottawa  General   Hospital,  Ottawa 

Hon.  President,  Rev.  Sr.  Flavie  Domitille;  Hon. 
Vice.-Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  Helen  of  Rome;  Pres.,  Miss 
Viola  Foran;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  Alice  Proulx; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Rose  Therien ;  Secretary- 
Treasurer.  Miss  Lucille  Brule.  95  Glen  Ave.; 
Membership  Secretary.  Miss  Florence  Lepine; 
Councillors:  Mmes  E.  Viau.  L.  Dunn,  Misses  E. 
Byrne,  M.  Prindeville.  J.  Larochelle. 


A. A.,   Mack   Training   School,   St.   Catharines 

President.  Miss  Evelyn  Buchanan;  First  Vice- 
President,  Miss  Kiomer:  Second  Vice-President. 
Miss  Ulpt;  Secretary',  Miss  Sayus.  General  Hos- 
pital: Treasurer,  Miss  McMahon;  Committee 
Conveners:  Program,  Miss  J.  Turner;  SocicU, 
Miss  Hastie;  Visiting,  Miss  Kirkpatrick;  Re- 
presentatives to :  Press,  Miss  H.  Brown ;  The 
Canadian   Nurse,   Miss    A.    Brubaker. 


A. A.,    St.    Luke's    Hospital,    Ottawa 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  E.  Maxwell.  O.B.E.:  Pres. 
Mrs.  W.  H.  Johnston:  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  J.  Prit- 
chard;  Sec,  Mrs.  J.  Hall,  17  Openago  Rd.; 
Treas.,  Mrs.  J.  W.  Shore:  Committees:  Flowers: 
Misses  1-ewis,  Craig;  Refreshments:  Misses  Nel- 
son, Allen;  Reps,  to:  Central  Registry:  Mrs. 
Brown.  Miss  Heron;  Loral  CoJincil  of  Women, 
Mrs.  Mothersill;   Press,  Miss  Johnston. 


A. A.,    St.   Thomas   Memorial    Hospital,   St.   Thomflt 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  J.  M.  Wilson;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Miss  F.  Kudoha;  Pres..  Miss  E.  Stoddern; 
First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  E.  Ray;  Sec,  Mrs.  B. 
Davidson ;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  E.  Dodds.  33  Welling- 
ton St.;  Treas.  Miss  P.  Howell;  Committee 
Conveners:  Social,  Miss  A.  Claypole;  Flower, 
Miss  M.  Broadlev:  Ways  &  Means.  Miss  A. 
Fryer;  Reps,  to  R.N.A.O.,  Miss  B.  McGee;  Preae, 
Miss  E.  Jewell. 


A. A.,    Owen    Sound    General    and    Marine    Hospital, 
Owen    Sound 

Honourary  Presidents,  Miss  E.  Webster,  Miss 
R.  Brown;  President.  Miss  C.  MacKeen;  First 
Vice-President.    Miss    V.    Reid;    Secretary-Treas- 


A.A.,    The    Grant    Macdonald    Training    School 
for   Nursca,    Toroaio 

Honorarj"      President.     Miss     Pearl     Morrison; 
President,  Mrs.  E.  Jacques;   Vice-President.   Misi 


286 


THE   CANADIAN    NURSE 


A.  Lendrum;  Recording:  Secretary,  Mrs.  M. 
Smith,  130  Dunn  Avenue;  Corresponding  Secre- 
tary, Miss  Ivy  Ostic,  130  Dunn  Avenue;  Treas., 
Miss  Maud  Zufelt;  Social  Convener,  Miss  B. 
Langdon. 

A. A.,   Hospiui   for  Sick   Children,   Toronto 

Pres..  Mrs.  D.  E.  MacKenzie;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Mrs.  W.  S.  Keith;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M. 
Mclnnis;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  H.  Booth;  Corr.  Sec, 
.Mrs.  W.  Ritchie.  55  Colin  Ave.;  Treas.,  Miss 
F.    Watson,    H.S.C. 


A. A.,    Riverdale    Hospital,    Toronto 

Pres..  Mrs.  S.  J.  Hubbert;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  A.  Armstrong;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M. 
Thompson;  Sec,  Mrs.  H.  E.  Radford,  6  Neville 
Pk.  Blvd.;  Treas.,  Mrs.  T.  Fairbaira;  Conveners: 
Program,  Miss  Mathieson ;  Visiting :  Mrs.  Spree- 
man.  Miss  M.  Thompson;  Reps,  to:  Press  &  Pub- 
lication, Miss  J.  Forbes;  R.N.A.O.,  Miss  O. 
Gerber;    The    Canadian    Nurse,   Miss    Armstrong. 


E.  Graham,  E.  Clancey,  Mrs.  J.  B.  Wadland; 
Committee  Conveners:  Archii^es,  Miss  J.  M. 
Kniseley;  Flower,  Mrs.  J.  B.  Wadland;  Social, 
Miss  F.  Chantler;  Program,,  Miss  S.  Sewell; 
Gift,  Miss  M.  Frj';  Scholarship,  Miss  G.  Lovell; 
"The  Quarterly",  Mrs.   H.   E.  Wallace. 


A.A.,    Training    School    for    Nurses    of    the    Toronto 

East    General    Hospital    with    which    is    incorporated 

the    Toronto    Orthopedic    Hospital,    Toronto 

Honourary  President,  Miss  Ella  MacLean; 
President,  Miss  Margaret  Purvis;  Secretary, 
Miss  D.  Jean  Smith,  64  Hewitt  Avenue,  Toron- 
to; Treasurer,  Miss  Dorothy  Golden. 

A. A.,    Toronto    Western    Hospital,    Toronto 

Hon.  Presidents,  Miss  B.  Ellis.  Mrs.  C.  J. 
Currie;  President,  Mrs.  Douglas  Chant;  Vice- 
President,  Miss  Mae  Palk;  Corresponding  Secret- 
ary, Miss  Isabel  Kee.  Nurses  Residence,  T.W.H.; 
Recording  Secretary,  Mrs.  Fooks;  Treasurer,  Miss 
Benita  Post.  Western  Hospital;  Representative 
to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Elizabeth  Westren. 


A. A.,    St.   John's    Hospital,   Toronto 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sr.  Beatrice;  Pres.,  Miss  M.  Mar- 
tin; First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  D.  Whiting;  Sec 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Creighton ;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss 
M.  Anderson;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  M.  Riches,  St. 
John's  Convalescent  Hospital;  Treas.,  Miss  A, 
Greenwood;  Entertainment  Convener,  Miss  R. 
Ramsden;  Visiting  Convener,  Miss  L.  Richard- 
son ;   Rep.  to  Press,  Miss  E.  Price. 


A. A.,   Wellesley   Hospital,   Toronto 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  K.  Jones;  Pres.,  Miss  J. 
Harris;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Stanton;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Johnston;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss 
G.  Schwindt;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  M.  Russell,  4 
Thurloe  Ave.;  Treas.,  Miss  J.  Brown;  Treas. 
Sirk  Fvnd,  Miss  D.  Good;  General  Committee: 
Misses  E.  Cowan,  J.  Hayden,  B.  Calvert,  J. 
Laird,   H.   Wark,   G.   Bolton,   Mrs.   Reeve. 


A. A.,   St.   Joseph's   Hospital,   Toronto 

Pres.,  Miss  T.  Hushin;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss 
M.  Goodfriend;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  V.  Smith; 
Rec  Sec.  Miss  M.  Donovan ;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss 
M.  T.  Caden,  474  Vaughan  Rd.;  Treas.,  Miss  L. 
Hill;  Entertainment  Convener,  Mrs.  J.  Shapley; 
Program  Convener,  Miss  M.  Kelly;  Representa- 
tive  to  R.N.A.O.,  Miss   C.   Knaggs. 


A. A.,    Women's    College    Hospital,    Toronto 

Honourary  President,  Mrs.  Bowman;  Honourary 
Vice-President,  Miss  H.  T.  Meiklejohn;  Pretl 
dent.  Mrs.  S.  Hall,  866  Manning  Ave.  ; 
Recording  Secretary,  Miss  Isabel  Hall.  Women'* 
College  Hospital;  Treasurer,  Miss  W.  Worth, 
93  Scarbora  Beach  Blvd.;  Representative  to 
The  Canadian   Nurse,  Miss   Mary   Chalk. 


A.A.,    St.    Michael's    Hoipiul,    Toronto 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sister  Mary  of  the  Nativity;  Hon. 
Vice-Pres..  Sr.  Mary  Kathleen ;  Pres.,  Miss  Do- 
reen  Murphy;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  R.  Moore; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Stone;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss 
M.  McRae;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  M.  Hughes.  32  Glen- 
holme  Ave.;  Treas..  Miss  C.  Cronin;  Councillors: 
Misses  L.  Regan,  E.  Crocker,  C.  Hammill ;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  Press,  Miss  P.  Harding;  Mag. 
Editor,  Miss  M.  Crowley ;  Assoc.  Membership,  Mrs. 
R.  Slingerland;  Reps,  to:  Hospital  &  School  of 
Nursing  Section,  Miss  G.  Murphy;  Public  Health 
Section,  Miss  L.  Larsen ;  Local  Council  of  Wo- 
men, Mrs.  T.  Scully. 


A. A.,    School    of    Nursing,    University    of    Toronto, 
Toronto 


A.A.,    Ontario    Hospital,    New    Toronto 

Hon.  Presidents,  Miss  E.  Rothery.  Mi.ss  C. 
Brock;  Pres.,  Miss  E.  Moriarty;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  R.  Osborne;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss  E.  McCalpin: 
Corr.  Sec,  Miss  L.  Chartrand.  Ontario  Hospital; 
Treas..  Mrs.  E.  Claxton;  Committee  Conveners- 
Program.  Miss  O.  Strand;  Social,  Miss  L.  Blair; 
Visiting  &  Flower,  Miss  E.  Alderton ;  Rep.  to  The 
Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  M.  Garrett. 


A^.,  Grace   Hospiui,   Windsor 

President,  Adjutant  Gladys  Barker;  Vice 
President,  Miss  Phyllis  Hardcastle;  Secretary. 
Miss  Jeanette  Ferguson.  Grace  Hospital;  Treas- 
urer, Miss  Jean  Galloway;  Echoes'  Editor,  Ad- 
jutant Gladys  Barker. 


Hon.  Pres..  Miss  E.  K.  Russell;  Hon.  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  F.  H.  Emory;  Pres..  Miss  M.  Macfarland; 
First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  J.  Leask;  Sec.  Vice-Pres. 
Miss  E.  Cnderman ;  Sec,  Miss  M.  Nicol,  226  St. 
George  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  E.  J.  Davidson:  Co-n- 
veners:  Membership,  Mrs.  M.  McCutcheon;  En- 
dotrment  Futid,  Miss  E.  Eraser;  Program,  Miss 
J.   Wilson ;    Social,   Miss   B.   Ross. 

A. A.,   Toronto   General    Hospital,   Toronto 

Pres..  Miss  Ethel  Cryderman;  First  Vice-Pres. 
Miss  Marion  Stewart;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  R.  F. 
Chisholm :  Sec-Treas..  Miss  Leslie  Shearer,  .5 
High  Park  Ave.;  Councillors:  Misses  C.  Wallace, 


A. A.,   Hotel-Dicu,   Windsor 

Hon.  Past  Pres.,  Sr.  Marie  de  la  Ferre:  Hon. 
Pres..  Rev.  M.  Claire  Maitre;  Pres.,  Miss  Ellen 
Cox:  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  J.  Byrne:  Sec 
Vice-Pres..  Miss  J.  Duck;  Sec,  Miss  M.  Beaton. 
1542  Goyeau  St.:  Con.  Sec.  Sr.  M.  Roy,  Hotel- 
Dieu  Hospital ;  Treas.,  Miss  M.  Lawson :  Visit- 
ing Committee:  Misses   M.  May,   B.   Beuglet. 

A.A.,  General  Hospital,   Woodstock 

Pres..  Miss  Mary  Matheson;  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs. 
Jack  Town;  Sec,  Miss  A.  Aitcheson;  Ass.  Sec 
Miss   M.    I.    Matheson;    Treas.,   Miss    A.    Amott; 


OFFICIAL    DIRECTORY 


287 


Ass.  Treas..  Miss  K.  Mahon;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  E. 
Rickafd,  211  Wellingrton  St.;  Committee  Conve- 
ners: Flowers  &  Gifts:  Misses  M.  Hodgins.  N. 
Smith;  Program,  Miss  M.  Gillespie;  Social,  Mrs. 
King;  Rep.  to  Press,  Miss  B.  Calvert. 


QUEBEC 


A.A.,   Children's   Memorial    Hospital,   Montreal 

Hon.  Presidents,  Misses  A.  S.  Kinder,  E. 
Alexander;  Pres..  Miss  H.  Nuttall;  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  M.  Robinson ;  Sec,  Miss  Rose  Wilkinson, 
Children's  Memorial  Hospital;  Treas.,  Miss  R. 
Allison:  Social  Convener,  Miss  A.  Cameron; 
Representatives  to:  Private  Duty  Section,  Miss 
V.   Ford;    The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  M.  Collins. 


A. A.,  Homoeopathic  Hospital,  Montreal 


Hon.  Pres.  Miss  V.  Graham;  Pres.,  Miss  N. 
Gage;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  J.  Morris;  Sec,  Miss 
M.  Stewart.  865  Richmond  Sq.;  Treas..  Mrs.  E. 
Warren;  Conve7iers:  Sick  Benefit,  Mrs.  War- 
ren; Visiting:  Misses  Campbell,  Currie;  Pro- 
gram, Miss  Macdonald;  Refreshment,  Miss  Per- 
ron ;  General  Nursing  Section :  Misses  Allnutt, 
Snasdell-Taylor. 


A. A,     Lachine     General     Hospital,     Lachine 


lloiiouran'  President.  Miss  L.  M.  Brown; 
•'resident.  Miss  Ruby  Goodfellow;  Vice-Presi- 
ilcnt.  Miss  Myrtle  Gleason;  Secretary-Treasurer. 
Mrs.  Byrtha  Jobber,  60-51st  Ave..  Dixie — La- 
I'liine;  General  Nursing  Representative,  Miss 
Ruby  Goodfellow;  Executive  Committee:  Mrs. 
Barlow,  Mrs.  Gaw.   Miss  Dewar. 


L'Assoctation    des    Gardes-Malades     Diplomees, 
Hopital     Notrc-Damc,    Montreal 

Hon.  Pres..  Rev.  Sr.  Papineau :  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  Decary;  Pres.  Mile  Eva  Merizzi; 
First  Vice-Pres.,  Mile  Germaine  Latour;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres..  Mile  Laurence  Deguire;  Rec  Sec, 
Mile  Ola  Sarrazin:  Corr.-Sec,  Mile  Bernadette 
Magnan,  220.5  rue  Maisonneuve;  Assoc.  Sec, 
Mile  S.  Belaire;  Councillors:  Miles  M.  Lussier, 
C.    Lazure.    J.    Vanier. 


A.A.,   Montreal   General   Hospital,   Montreal 

Hon.  Presidents,  Miss  Webster.  Miss  Tedford; 
Hon.  Treasurer.  Miss  Dunlop;  President,  Miss 
Catherine  Anderson;  First  Vice-President  Miss 
Bertha  Birch:  Second  Vice-President.  Miss  Mary 
Long;  Recording  Secretary.  Miss  Jean  McNair; 
Corresponding  Secretary.  Miss  Mabel  Shannon. 
Nurses  Home.  Montreal  General  Hospital;  Trea- 
surer. Miss  Isabel  Da  vies;  Committees:  Execu- 
tive: Misses  M.  K.  Holt.  A.  Whitney,  H.  Bartsch. 
E.  Robertson,  Mrs.  F.  Johnston;  Program:  Misses 
M.  Batson  E.  Denman,  K.  Anneslev:  Refresh- 
ment: Misses  Clifford  rconvener),  Michie.  A. 
Scott,  B.  Broadhurst.  M.  McQuarrie:  Visiting: 
Misses  M.  Ross.  B.  Miller.  H.  Christian;  Repre- 
sentatives to:  General  Nursing  Section:  Misses 
A.  Whitney.  M.  McLeod.  C.  Pope.  J.  Ross;  Local 
Council  of  Women:  Misses  A.  Costigan,  M.  Ste- 
vens;  The  Canadian  Nurse:  Miss  C.  Watling. 


A.A.,     Royal    Victoria    Hoapital,    Montreal 

Hon.  President.   Miss   Mabel   F.   Hersey:   Presi- 
dent.   Mrs     R.    A.    Taylor:    First    Vice-President. 


Miss  F.  Munroe;  Second  Vice-President  .Miss  H. 
Sharpe;  Recording  Secretarj-,  Miss  K.  Stanton: 
Secretary-Treasurer,  Miss  G.  A.  K.  Moffat,  Royal 
Victoria  Hospital ;  Board  of  Directors  (without 
office) :  Miss  E.  C.  Flanagan,  Mrs.  E.  O'Brien ; 
Conveners  of  Standing  Committees:  Finance, 
Mrs.  R.  Fetherstonhaugh ;  Program,  Miss  G. 
Yeats;  Scholarship,  Miss  H.  Sharpe;  General 
Nursing,  Mrs.  A.  F.  Robertson ;  Conveners  of 
Other  Committees:  Canteen,  Miss  B.  Campbell; 
Red  Cross,  Mrs.  F.  E.  McKenty;  Visiting,  Miss  E. 
Reid;  Representatives  to:  The  Canadian  Nurse, 
Miss  G.  Martin;  Local  Council  of  Women,  Mr». 
Vance  Ward,  Miss  K.  Dickson. 


A. A.,    St.    Mary's    Hospital,    Montreal 


Pres.,  Miss  E.  O'Hare;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M^ 
Smith:  Rec.  Sec.  Mrs.  L.  O'Connell :  Corr.  Sec, 
Miss  E.  O'Connell;  Treas.,  Miss  E.  Quinn ;  Com- 
mittees: Entertainment :  Misses  Marvvan,  D.  Mc- 
Carthy, McDerby,  Ryan;  Visiting:  Misses  BrowDr 
Coleman.  Mullins;  Special  Nurses:  Misses 
Goodman.  P.  McCarthy;  Reps,  to:  Press:  Misses 
Zurick.  Culligan;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss- 
E.   Toner. 


A.A.,    School    for    Graduate    Nurses, 
McGill    University,    Montreal 

Pres.,  Miss  Margaret  Brady;  Vice-Pres..  Miss 
Winnifred  McCunn ;  Sec-Treas.,  Miss  Elsie  AH- 
der.  Royal  V^ictoria  Hospital;  Conveners:  Flora 
M.  Sfiaw  Memorial  Fund,  Mrs.  L.  H.  Fisher; 
Program,  Miss  R.  Lamb.  Representatives  to: 
Local  Council  of  Women,  Mrs.  J.  T.  Allan,- 
Mrs.  J.  R.  Taylor,  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  F. 
Lamont. 


A. A.,     Woman's     General     Hospital,     Westmount- 


Hon.  Presidents.  Misses  Trench,  Pearson;  Prea..- 
Miss  C.  Martin;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  Tellier; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  Crewe;  Corr.  Sec,  Mrs. 
Davis,  5946  Waverley  St.;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  Van- 
Buskirk;  Treas..  Miss  Francis:  Committees: 
Visiting:  Mrs.  Chisholm.  ^fiss  G.  Wilson;  Social: 
Misses  Linton,  Yellin,  Chananie;  Rep.  to  The 
Canadian  Nurse,  Miss   Francis. 


A. A..    Jeffcry    Hale's    Hospital,    Quebec 


Pres..  Mrs.  A.  W.  G.  Macalister;  First  Vice- 
Pres.,  Mrs.  L.  Teakle;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  G. 
Weary;  Sec,  Miss  M.  G.  Fischer,  305  Grande 
All^e;  Treas..  Mrs.  W.  D.  Fleming;  Councillors: 
Misses  Wolfe.  Kennedy,  Fitzpatrick,  Ross,  Mrs. 
Pfeiffer;  Committees:  Refreshment:  Misses  Kirt- 
sen,  Jones,  Warren,  Dawson;  Visiting:  Misses 
Douglas  (convener),  Martin.  Mmes.  Raphael. 
Gray:  Program:  Mmes.  Young,  Teakle,  Misses 
Lunam.  Douglas:  Reps,  to:  Private  Duty  Sec- 
tion: Misses  Walsh,  Perry;  The  Canadian  Nurse, 
Miss  \.  Humphries. 


A.A..   Sherbrooke   Hospital,   Sherbrooke 


Hon.  Pres..  Miss  V.  Beane;  Pres..  Mrs.  N. 
Skinner:  First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  F.  Stei^meir; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  G.  Sangster;  Rec.  Sec. 
Miss  N.  Arguin:  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  R.  Forward. 
51  Melbourne  St.;  Treas..  Mrs.  H.  Grundy: 
Convener,  Entertainment  Committee,  Mrs.  H. 
MacCallum;  Reps,  to:  Private  Duty  Section, 
Miss  P.  Gougb;  The  Canttdian  Nurse.  Mrs.  O. 
Burt. 


288 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


SASKATCHEWAN 

A. A.,    Regina   General   Hospiul.    Rasiaa 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  D.  Wilson;  Pres..  Miss  M. 
Brown;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  A.  Palmquist; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  N.  Edwards;  Sec.  Miss  E. 
Meyer.  General  Hospital;  Treas..  Miss  J.  Hamp- 
ton; Committees:  Refreshment:  Miss  H.  Lusted. 
B.  Walton;  Flower:  Misses  B.  Langstaff,  E. 
Frostad;  Reps,  tor  Local  Paper,  Miss  L.  Dahl ; 
The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  J.  Allison. 

A.A.,    Saskatoon    City    Hospiul,    Saskatoon 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  Howard;  Pres.,  Miss  M. 
Chisliolm;    Vice-Pres.,   Miss  Collins,   Miss  Grant; 


Kec.  Sec.  Miss  D.  Bjarnason;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss 
D.  Duff.  S.C.H.;  Treas.,  Miss  E.  Graham;  Con- 
veners: Ways  &  Means,  Mrs.  C.  Fletcher;  Social. 
Mrs.  J.  Gibson;  Program,  Mrs.  H.  Atwell;  Red 
Cross,  Mrs.  T.  Binnie;  Visiting  &  Flower,  Miss 
V.  Bergren;   Press,  Miss  M.  Fofonoff. 


A. A.,    Yorkton    Queen    Victoria    Hospital,    Yorktoo 


Honourary  President.  Mrs.  L.  V.  Barnea; 
President.  Mrs.  W.  Sharpe;  Vice-President. 
Miss  V.  Wilkinson;  Secretarj-.  Mrs.  T.  E.  Dar- 
roch.  59  Haultain  Avenue;  Treasurer.  Miss  G. 
Zimmer;  Social  Convener.  Mrs.  J.  Parker;  Coun^ 
cillors:  Mrs.  H.  Ellis.  Mrs.  Sam  Dodds,  Miss 
L.    Wilson. 


Associations  of  Graduate  Nurses 


Overseas     Nursing    Sistars     Associatiea 
of    Canada 

Pres.,  Miss  F.  Munroe,  Royal  Victoria  Hos- 
pital. Montreal;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  C.  M. 
Watling.  Montreal ;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  H.  Paice, 
Montreal;  Third  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  B.  Anderson, 
Ottawa;  Sec-Treas.,  Miss  E.  Frances  Upton, 
Ste.  1019.  Medical  Arts  Bldsr..  Montreal;  Re- 
presenteitives  from  Local  Unit:  Mrs.  C.  E.  Bi- 
saillon.  753  Bienville  St..  Apt.  3.  Montreal; 
Miss  M.  Moag.  V.  O.  N.,  Montreal. 


BRITISH  COLUMBIA 

Kamloops  Graduate  Nurses  Association 
Pres..  Mrs.  Markley;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  O.  Gar- 
rood;  Sec.  Miss  E.  Davis,  Royal  Inland  Hos- 
pital; Treas.  Miss  F.  Aberdeen;  Committee  Con- 
veners: Program,  Mrs.  R.  Howard;  Social,  Mrs. 
S.  Dalgleish;  Ways  &  Means,  Miss  M.  Williams; 
Membership.  Miss  Naylor;  Representatives  to 
The  Canadian  Nurse,  Misses  J.  Norquay,  Turn- 
bull. 


Nelson   Registered  Nurses  Association 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  V.  B.  Eidt;  Pres..  Miss  Turn 
bull;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  B.  Laing;  Sec.  Vice 
Pres.,  Miss  B.  Hayden :  Sec.  Miss  H.  Tompkins 
Kootenay  Lake  Gen.  Hospital;  Treas.,  Miss  G 
Carr;  Committees:  General  Nursing,  Miss  K 
Scott;  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  V 
Eidt;  Public  Health,  Miss  N.  Dunn;  Ways  & 
Means.  Miss  E.  Sutherland;  Social  &  Program 
Miss  M.  Bower;  Visiting,  Miss  N.  Murphy;  Mem 
bership.  Miss  J.  Boutwell:  Library,  Mrs.  A 
O'Connor:  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  M 
Ross. 


Trail  Chapter,  Registered  Nurses  Association  of 
British  Columbia 
President,  Miss  Marjorv  Fletcher;  Vice-Presi- 
dent. Miss  Edythe  Crosson;  Secretary,  Mtsa 
Phyllis  Slader.  Nurses  Residence.  Trail-Tadanac 
Hospital.  Trail;  Treasurer.  Miss  Eileen  Somer- 
ville;  Representative  to  The  Canadian  Nuise, 
Miss   Joyce    Greenwood. 


Victoria   Graduate    Nurses    Association 

Honourars-  Presidents.  Sister  Mary  Gregory. 
.Miss  Lena  Mitchell:  President.  Miss  Ethel  Gray; 
First  Vice-Pras..  Miss  Z.  Harmon;  Sec.  VMce- 
Pres..  Miss  M.  Plunkett:  Rec  Sec.  Miss  K. 
Gann;  Corr.  Secretary.  Miss  J.  Engelhardt.  St. 
Joseph's   Hospital;   Treas..   Miss   E.  Smallwood. 


MANITOBA 

Brandon  Graduate  Nurses  Association 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  E.  Birtles.  O.B.E.:  Pres.,  Mrs. 
S.  Purdue;  Vice-Pres..  Miss  M.  Morton,  Sec. 
Miss  A.  Crighton.  Brandon  General  Hospital; 
Treas..  Mrs.  J.  Selbie:  Registrar,  Miss  C.  Mao- 
leod;  Conveners:  Red  Cross,  Mrs.  H.  McKenzic; 
Social.  Miss  M.  Trotter:  Press.  Miss  W.  Mitchell: 
General  Nursing,  Miss  G.  Lamont;  Rep.  to  The 
Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  G.   Kennettle. 


QUEBEC 


New   Westminster  Graduate  Nurses   Association 

Honourar^-  President,  Miss  C.  E.  Clark;  Presi- 
dent, Miss  E.  Wrightman:  First  Vice-President. 
Miss  E.  Beatt;  Second  Vice-President.  Miss  E. 
Scott  Gray;  Secretary.  Miss  B.  Donaldson.  243 
Keary  Street:  Treasurer.  Miss  T.  Eyton;  Re- 
presentatives to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Mr«.  J 
L.    Wright.    Miss   B.    Catherall. 


Montreal    Graduate    Nurses    Association 

President.  Miss  Effie  Killins:  First  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  Clarice  Smith;  Sec  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Lil- 
lian MacKinnon;  Hon.  Sec-Treas.,  Miss  Doro- 
thy Shoemaker.  1230  Bishop  St.;  Director  of 
Nursing  Registry,  Miss  E.  B.  Ross,  1234  Bishop 
St  Regular  meetings  second  Tuesday  January, 
first    Tuesday    April.    October,   and   December. 


^VOLUME  38 
NUMBER     5 

MAY 

19     4     2 


0   Canadian 

Nurses 

Association 

General 

Meeting 

June  22-26,  1942 

Montreal,  Que. 


The  Cross  on 
Mount  Royal 


ui-tesv  of 

mreal  Tourist  and  Convention 

reau 

5  Page  298 


IHt 


CANADIAN 
NURSE 


W  N  EU       A  ND       PUBLISHED 
THE     HANAPIAN     NURSFq      ASQnniATinN 


Q.  We're  fond  of  canned  fish  at  our  house.  But  will  it 
give  us  good  proteins? 

A.  Yes.  Canned  fish  products  may  well  be  included 
regularly  in  your  menus,  not  only  because  they 
supply  good  protein,  but  also  because  they  supply 
valuable  minerals  and  vitamins  as  well,  (i) 

American  Can  Company,  Hamilton,  Ontario; 
American  Can  Company  Ltd.,  Vancouver,  B.C. 


(i)    1926.  U.  S.  Dept.  of  Commerce,  Bureau  of  Fisheries, 
Document  No.  1000. 
1934.  U.  S.  Pub.  Heahh  Reports  49,  754. 

1937.  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.  Misc.  Publ.  No.  275. 

1938.  Food  Research  3,  549. 

1939.  U.  S.  Dept.  of  Commerce,  Bureau  of  Fisheries 
Investigational  Report  No.  41. 


NEW  PREVENTATIVE  FOR  FIRST-YEAR 
NUTRITIONAL  ANEMIA  SEEN  IN 


^ 


■r"bF='--|-- 


Percentage   increase   in   hemogrlobin   of   rats  above 

anemia    level   after   addition    of   vegetables   to   milk 

diet. 

Most  doctors  recognize  the  fact  that  the  all- 
milk  diet  of  the  tiny  infant  is  deficient  in  cer- 
tain anti-anemic  factors  such  as  iron  and  cop- 
per. Tests  have  shown,  too,  that  the  hemoglobin 
content  of  the  blood  of  infants  although  high 
at  birth,  falls  rapidly  until  it  reaches  a  low  point 
at  an  early  age.  The  importance  of  the  addition 
of  mineral-bearing  vegetables  and  fruits  to  the 
infant  diet  as  a  corrective  of  nutritional  anemia 
has  been  recognized,  but  pediatricians  have  hesi- 
tated to  add  them  to  the  infant's  diet  for  fear 
of   digestive   disorders. 


\     noMOCENIZEP 

(E  XTPACE  LtULAR) 

BABY  FOODS 

U — ..         ^ 


An  exclusive  new  process  of  Libby's  called 
Homogenization,  makes  it  possible  to  give  vege- 
tables and  fi-uits  to  infants,  sometimes  as  young 
as  six  weeks,  with  little  fear  of  intestinal  dis- 
orders. The  Homogenization  process  breaks  up 
coarse  fibres  and  the  tough  cellulose  wall  that 
surrounds  food  cells — exposes  the  nutrient  inside 
for  quick  easy  digestion.  Results  of  in-vitro 
digestion  experiments  showed  that  Libby's  Homo- 
genized Vegetables  digested  far  more  completely  in 
30  minutes  than  strained  vegetables  in   two  hours. 

The  greater  "iron  values"  of  Libby's  Homo- 
genized Vegetables  were  demonstrated  in  a  series 
of  experiments  on  rats  rendered  anemic  by  a  milk 
diet.  The  increase  of  hemoglobin  shown  by  the 
rats  when  fed  Homogenized  vegetables,  was  sig- 
nificantly greater  than  the  hemoglobin  increase 
shown  in  similar  experiments  using  strained  vege- 
tables. 

As  a  result,  Libby's  Homogenized  Baby  Foods 
have  been  fed  to  infants  as  young  as  six  weeks 
with  favourable  results  and  are  regularly  re- 
commended by  many  pediatricians  for  infants 
of   three  months  or  younger. 


FREE  SAMPLES  and  descriptive  literature  will  be 
mailed  on  request  to  physicians  and  pediatricians. 
Please  address  your  requests  to  Libby,  McNeill  & 
Llbby  Laboratories,  Chatham,  Ontario. 


10     BALANCED     %f^bX     FOOD      COMBINATIONS: 

Tkote  combination*  of  Homogonizad  Vogotoblot,  corool,  soup,  and  fruits  maico  it  oasy  for  tho 
Doctor  to  protcribo  a  variety  of  (olid  foods  for  infants 


Peas, 
beets, 
asDorogus. 

Pumpkin, 
tomatoes, 
green  beans. 

Peas, 

carrots, 

spinoch. 


Whole  milk, 
whole  v/heat, 
soya  bean  flour. 


Prunes, 

pineapple  juice, 
lemon  juice. 


6 


Soup — carrots,  celery, 
tomatoes,  chicken  liv- 
ers,    barley,     onions. 


A  meatless  soup  — 
consisting  of  celery, 
potatoes,  peas,  car- 
rots, tomatoes,  soya 
flour,  and  barley.  Can 
be  fed  to  very  young 
babies. 


An  improved  fruit  com- 
bination —  Bananas, 
apples,  apricots  ore 
combined  to  give  a 
nutritious  fruit  com- 
bination that  is  very 
tasty. 


10 


An  "all  Green" 
vegetable  combina- 
tion— Many  doctors 
have  asked  for  this. 
Peas,  spinach  and 
green  beans  are 
blended  to  give  a 
very  desirable  vege- 
table product. 

Tomatoes,  carrots 
and  peas — These 
give  a  new  vege- 
table combination  of 
exceptionally  good 
dietetic  properties 
and  flavour. 


And  in  Addition,  Three  Single  Vegetable  Products  Specially  Homogenized 

CARROTS  — PEAS  — SPINACH    and 
LIBBY'S    HOMOGENIZED    EVAPORATED    MILK 

Mod*  in  Canada  By 

LIBBY,    McNeill  &  LIBBY    OF  CANADA  LIMITED,  Chatham,  Ont. 


Liook  here — you  dream-angel!"  Baby  said. 
"You  know  I  ought  to  be  home  in  bed. 
Why,  what  if  my  parents  could  see  me  now! 
Say — ^where  are  you  taking  me  anyhow?" 


Oh  dear,  what's  wrong  with  him?  Can't  we  help? 

It's  awful  to  see  an  angel  yelp! 

By  Jove!  I  see!  It's  a  clear-cut  case 

Of  wing-chafe.  Look  at  this  tender  place!" 

(jrood  thing  my  Johnson's  was  here  at  hand. 
For  chafes  and  prickles  that  powder's  grand! 
It's  soft  and  silky,  and  what  it's  got 
Makes  angels  of  babies  who  are  not!" 

w  \P^\ '     Johnson's'  3Bhy  ?owki 


290 


1  lehiiie  that  Stimulates  Appetite 


DiiCCM  iilw^  lU^ctH!6  (b.A. 


WYETH'S  BEWON  ELIXIR  serves  as 
an  excellent  solvent  and  vehicle  lor 
many  medicaments.  Compatible  with 
most  drugs.  BEWON  ELIXIR  contains 
18%  alcohol  and  is  slightly  acid  in 
reaction. 

Standardized  to  contain  500  Interna- 
tional Units  of  Vitamin  B^  (thiamin 
chloride)  per  fluid  ounce,  BEWON 
ELIXIR  stimulates  the  appetite  and  is 
indicated  in  Vitamin  B^  deficiencies. 


Supplied  in  16  tl.  oz.  and  160  II.  oz.  bottles. 


John  Wyeth  &  Brother  (Canada)  Ltd. 

WALKERVILLE,  ONT. 


291 


THE  MACMILLAN  COMPANY  OF  CANADA 

LIMITED 

70  Bond  Street  Toronto 

A  CENTURY  OF  PUBLISHING, 

MACMILLAN  dC  COMPANY  LIMITED,  LONDON,  ENGLAND 

Established   1842 
The  Macmiilans  in  Canada  incorporated  in  Canada  1905 

New  Books  for  Nurses 

Kimber,  Gray  8C  Stackpole  — Anatomy  dC  Physiology  for  Nur- 
ses (11th  Ed.)  Publication  date,  May  12  probably  ^3.00 

Proudfit  —   Nutrition   and   Diet   Therapy    (8th   Ed.)    Publication 

date.  May  12  probably  S3.25 

Sherman  8C  Pearson  —    Modern  Bread  from  the  Viewpoint  of 

Nutrition,  1942   ^1.75 

Wales  —   The  Public  Health  Nurse  in  Action   (with  a  foreword 

by  Miss  Lillian  Wald)  ^2.75 

Aids  to  Nursing,  Each  $1.10  to  $1.20 

Hygiene  Gynaecological  Nursing 

Practical  Nursing  Fever  Nursing 

Surgical  Nursing  Anatomy  8C  Physiology 

Tray  8C  Trolley  Setting  Materia  Medica 


The  Ideal  Dietary  Sweet 


"CROWN  B-RAND"  and  "LILY 
WHITE"  furnish  maximum 
energy  with  a  minimum  diges- 
tive effort — and  contain  o 
large  percentage  of  Dextrose 
and  Maltose.  That  is  why  they 
are  used  so  successfully  for 
infant  feeding. 

These  famous  Syrups  ore  scien- 
tifically manufactured  under  the 
most  hygienic  conditions  .  .  . 
they  are  the  purest  corn  syrups 
obtainable  and  can  be  prescribed 
with   ossured   good   results. 


"CROWN  BRAND'^CORN  SYRUP 

anduvf  white\:orn  syrup 

ManufarturtMi  hr  THE  CANADA  STARCH  COMPANY  Limited 


when  you  examine 

TA/V\PAX. 

please  note . . . 


HOW   DAINTY   IT   IS    FOR    YOUR    PATIENTS    TO    REMOVE 

OT  only  may  Tompax  be  readily  inserted  without  orificial  stress  or 
irksome    efFort    (by   virtue    of    its    compression,    and    its    individual 
one-time   applicator)     .  .  but  removal   may   be   effected  daintily,  with 
complete  assurance  of  freedom  from  any  necessity  for  "probing." 

Only  Tampax  (of  all  menstrual  tampons)  gives  your  patient  the 
confidence  engendered  by  the  knowledge  that  "cross-fibre"  stitching 
completely  precludes  any  possibility  of  disintegration  in  situ.  Moreover, 
the  moisture-proof  cord  (by  which  the  tampon  may  be  so  gently  withdrawn) 
is  actually  an  inseparable  extension  of  that  stitching. 

To  the  patient,  these  features  (incorporated  in  Tampax  in  its  original 
design  by  a  physician)  are  as  important  as  is  the  superior  absorbency 
of  its  surgical  cotton  ...  its  positive  "wick  action"  that  prevents  any 
blocking  of  the  flow  .  .  .  and  its  comfort  and  convenience  in  use. 

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The    Canadian   Nur 

Registered  at  Ottawa,   Canada,   as   lecond  clais  matter. 

Editor   and    Business    Manager: 

BTHBL  JOHNS.   Reg.   N.,   1411    Crescent  Street.   Montreal,  P.Q. 


se 


CONTENTS  FOR  MAY,  1942 

Dedication        -----------301 

Care  of  the  Skin  of  the  Neweckn  Infant     -         -         -         -     H.  Kelley  302 

Welcome  to  Montreal        -------     .1/.  Batson  304 

Westward  Bound       -         -         -         -         -         -         -         -  K.  W.  Ellis  307 

Notes  from  the  National  Office           _______  309 

S.R.N.  A.  Silver  Anniversary         -         -         -         -         -         -         -         -312 

The  A.A.R.N.  Annual  Meeting     -         -         -         -         -          -  A.  E.  Vango  313 

The  Lamp  of  Learning         -         -         -         -          -         -          -  J.  E.  Martin  315 

Motion  and  Time  Study       _____--     /^.    Waugh  321 

Obituaries        -         --         -         -         -         -         -         -         -         -  322 

A  Nursing  Study  of  Acoustic  Neuroma           -         -         -         -A.   Keddy  323 

A  Tribute  to  Ann  Baillie            ____            ____  327 

Canadian  Nurses  for  South  Africa       _______  328 

Overseas  Mail           __________  329 

Travaillons  Ensemble         _________  330 

News  Notes     __-____----  340 

Off  Duty          _____--___-  350 


SubtcTtplimn  Pricti   92.00  per  rear;   foreign  and  Uotted  Slates  of  America,   $2.30;  20  ceau  a  eo^. 

Cheques   and    money   orders   should    be  made   payable   to    The   Canadian    Surst.   When   remittiBg   by 
cheque    IS    cents    should   be   added    to    cover    exchange. 

Please    address    all    correspondence    to: 
Editor,    The    Canadian    Nurse,    1411    Crescent    Street,    Montreal,    P.Q. 


KOLYNOS  because  it  cleans  and  polishes 
the  teeth  safely  and  efficiently. 

KOLYNOS  because  it  is  a  pleasant  and 
refreshing  dentifrice  acceptable  to  the  most 
discriminating  type  of  patient. 

KOLYNOS  because  it  is  a  concentrated 
dental  cream,  economical  to  use  (J/2  inch  on 
a  dry  brush  is  sufficient).  By  proper  use 
it  lasts  twice    as  long. 

Recommend  Kolynos  when  your  patients  ask 
you  to  help  them  select  a  good  dentifrice. 


THE    KOLYNOS    COMPANY 


WALKERVILLE,     ONTARIO 


297 


Reader's  Guide 


One  familiar  landmark  in  Montreal  is 
situated  so  that  it  commands  the  attention 
■of  every  visitor.  It  is  the  Cross  on  Mount 
Itoyal  which,  when  brilliantly  illuminated  at 
night,  may  be  seen  for  many  miles.  The 
striking  photograph  shown  on  the  cover 
seems  particularly  appropriate  at  a  time 
when  we  are  called  upon  to  dedicate  our- 
selves anew  to  the  high  ideals  of  our  profes- 
sion. 


In  any  hospital  nursery,  the  prevention 
of  skin  infection  is  of  the  greatest  impor- 
tance. Helen  Kelley  gives  a  comprehensive 
outline  of  the  preventive  measures  which 
must  be  taken  if  this  aim  is  to  be  achieved. 
Miss  Kelley  is  supervisor  of  nurses  in  the 
obstetrical  department  of  the  Toronto  Gen- 
eral Hospital  and  speaks  with  the  authority 
that  comes  from  long  and  successful  ex- 
perience in  this  difficult  and  challenging 
field.  We  are  indebted  to  the  staff  nurses 
committee  of  the  Toronto  General  Hospital 
for  obtaining  this  excellent  article  and  once 
more  we  should  like  to  express  our  thanks 
to  Miss  Mary  Macfarland,  its  indefatigable 
convener. 


One  of  the  primary  duties  of  the  public 
health  nurse  is  to  do  all  she  can  to  conserve 
the  precious  gift  of  sight.  Jean  Elizabeth 
Martin  offers  some  excellent  suggestions  as 
to  how  we  may  keep  the  lamp  of  learning 
burning  brightly.  Miss  Martin  is  a  member 
of  the  Vancouver  Metropolitan  Health  Serv- 
ice and  was  previously  associated  with  an 
eye  specialist  for  six  years.  During  that  time 
she  had  the  privilege  of  visiting  the  eye 
department  of  the  Royal  Infirmary,  Edin- 
burgh, and  the  Westminster  Ophthalmic 
Hospital  in  London. 


On  her  western  trip,  our  Emergency  Nurs- 
ing Advisor  had  the  exciting  adventure  of 
being  snowbound  on  the  prairie.    Far   from 


being  discouraged  by  this  delay.  Miss  Ellis 
took  the  opportunity  of  writing  about  the 
progress  which  has  been  made  in  the  prov- 
inces she  has  already  visited. 


When  there  is  more  than  enough  work  for 
every  pair  of  hands,  motion  and  time  stu- 
dies are  especially  valuable.  Frances  Waugh 
tells  of  an  interesting  course  which  she  took 
recently  and  which  sheds  considerable  light 
on  one  basic  procedure.  Mrs.  Waugh  is  in- 
structor in  the  School  of  Nursing  of  the 
Portage  la  Prairie  General  Hospital. 


The  city  of  Montreal  possesses  magnificent 
hospitals  which  offer  clinical  facilities  for 
the  treatment  of  every  type  of  illness.  At 
McGill  University  may  be  found  one  of  the 
greatest  schools  of  medicine  in  the  world  and 
also,  to  our  great  pride  and  satisfaction,  the 
McGill  School  for  Graduate  Nurses.  Martha 
Batson  in  her  capacity  as  convener  of  pub- 
licity for  the  committee  on  arrangements  of 
the  Canadian  Nurses  Association,  extends  a 
hearty  welcome  to  Montreal  and  mentions 
some  of  the  many  institutions  which  are  well 
worth  a  visit.  !Miss  Batson  wishes  to  express 
her  gratitude  to  the  directors  of  nursing 
services  who  so  kindly  supplied  the  infor- 
mation upon  which  her  article  is  based. 


At  the  request  of  the  Association  of 
Registered  Nurses  of  the  Province  of  Que- 
bec, three  addresses,  given  in  the  French 
language  at  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Asso- 
ciation, appear  in  this  issue.  They  deal  with 
the  functions  and  relationships  of  the  Asso- 
ciation and  were  delivered  by  Alice  Albert, 
Suzanne  Giroux,  and  by  the  editor  of  this 
Journal.  This  proof  of  understanding  and 
unity  as  between  the  French-  and  English- 
speaking  members  of  the  Association  is  de- 
cidedly encouraging  and  promises  well  for 
the  future. 


298 


Vol.  38  No.  5 


^€yi  l/ia/^  "i/icmu^  ^t^c/e  . 


When  it  comes  to  worrying,  smoking,  or  eating,  some 
of  your  patients  indulge  themselves  to  a  point  where 
an  effective  antacid  alkalizer  may  be  indicated.  Why 
not  suggest  BiSoDoL  as  an  adjuvant  in  such  cases? 
The  initial  dose  of  one  teaspoonful  of  BiSoDoL,  or 
three  BiSoDoL  tablets,  helps  bring  prompt  relief  in 
most  cases  of  digestive  upset  resultant  from  excess 
stomach  acid. 


Professional  Samples  on  Request 
THE   BiSoDoL   COMPANY 


BiSoDoL 

POWDER      .     MINTS 


WALKERVILLE,    ONTARIO 


299 


LJ  ECAUSE  IT  HAS  A  PLEASANT  TASTE !  That's 

one  reason  why  patients  appreciate  your  consider- 
ation in  recommending  Para-Sylha,  Abbott,  when  a 
laxative  is  indicated.  It  does  not  have  that  oily  taste 
80  disagreeable  to  many  individuals,  but  on  the  con- 
trary has  a  delicate  flavor  of  which  one  does  not  tire. 
Likewise,  its  oil  base  is  so  finely  divided  that  embarras- 
sing oil  ''leakage"  seldom  occurs.  Other  important 
advantages  are  that  it  is  an  emulsion  containing 
80%  heavy  mineral  oil  against  35  to  65%  for  similar, 
widely  advertised  products;  it  pours  readily  and  if 
desired  can  be  mixed  with  liquid  or  solid  food; 
its  action  is  purely  mechanical;  and  it  con- 
tains no  sugar  or  digestible  carbohydrates, 
hence  may  be  ignored  in  caloric  calcula- 
tions. Para-Syllia  is  supplied  in  16-fluid 
ounce  bottles  either  plain,  for  ordinary 
cases  of  constipation,   or  with  0.32% 
phenolphthalein    for    obstinate    cases. 
Literature  will  be  sent  on  request.  Abbott 
Laboratories  Limited,  20  Bates  Road, 
Montreal. 


Para-Syllia 


300 


CANADIAN   NURSE 


A      MONTHLY     JOURNAL     FOR     THE      NURSBS      OP       CANADA 
P^UBLISHBD     BY      THE      CANADIAN    NURSBS     ASSOCIATION 

NUMBBR  FIVE 


VOLUME  THIRTY-EIOHT 


MAY,    1942 


Dedication 


Manv  Canadian  schools  of  nursing: 
choose  the  pleasant  month  of  May  for 
the  celebration  of  graduation  exercises, 
and  it  has  been  customary  either  to  open 
or  to  close  graduation  week  with  a 
rehgious  service,  usually  held  in  the 
evening.  Sometimes  the  graduating  class 
appears  in  uniform  —  a  moving  and 
beautiful  pageant  of  youth  not  easily 
forgotten  by  those  who  witness  or  par- 
ticipate in  it. 

This  year,  the  Canadian  Nurses  As- 
sociation has  suggested  that  these  Ves- 
per Services  be  held  on  the  second  Sun- 
day in  May  and  that  the  graduate 
nurses  of  each  community  shall  also 
take  part  in  them.  Canada  is  so  vast 
that  not  all  can  be  held  simultaneously, 
even  though  they  may  take  place  at  the 
same  hour.  In  Halifax  and  Saint  John 
they  will  be  over  before  they  have  be- 
gun on  the  prairies,  and  when  the 
church  bells  ring  in  Victoria,  it  will  be 
drawing  toward  midnight  in  Charlotte- 
town.  It  is  as  though  our  hands  swept 


over  a  harp  of  many  strings,  some 
trembling  into  silence  as  others  begin 
to  vibrate.  In  the  peace  and  quiet  of  the 
evening,  our  thoughts  will  be  with  our 
Nursing  Sisters  who  are  serving  at 
home  and  abroad  with  the  fighting 
forces  of  the  British  Commonwealth  of 
Nations,  We  shall  remember  before 
God  the  civilian  nurses  of  Britain  who 
have  already  paid  the  last  full  measure 
of  devotion.  We  shall  make  intercession 
for  Canadian,  English  and  Australian 
Nursing  Sisters  who,  steadfastly  refus- 
ing to  desert  their  patients,  are  now  in 
the  hands  of  the  enemy  in  Hong  Kong, 
Singapore,  Malaya,  Greece  and  Crete. 
Nor  shall  we  forget  our  nurses  who,  on 
the  home  front,  bear  the  heat  and  bur- 
den of  the  day  with  courage  and  good 
will.  The  hour  is  coming,  and  may  be 
nearer  than  we  think,  when  Canada 
must  face  her  ordeal  by  fire.  When  it 
strikes,  we  have  faith  to  believe  that 
it  will  find  us  ready  in  body,  mind  and 
spirit.  Although  they  seldom  talk  about 


MAY.   1942 


301 


302 


THE    CANADIAN   NURSE 


it,  nurses  still  cling  to  the  belief  that  the  cious  or  more  sacred  than  that  which 
practice  of  nursing  is  the  dedication  of  we  might  lay  upon  the  altar  if  we 
the  self  to  a  high  purpose.  The  word  de-  could  find  it  in  our  hearts  to  dedicate 
dication  implies  that  by  means  of  solemn  ourselves  anew  to  uphold  and  to  main- 
rites  something  precious  is  offered  for  tain  the  honour  and  dignity  of  nursing? 
sacred  use.  Could  any  gift  be  more  pre-  —  E.  J. 


Care  of  the  Skin  of  the  Newborn  Infant 


Helen  Kelley 


The  problem  of  preventing  skin  in- 
fection in  newborn  infants  is  of  major 
importance.  The  average  mother  is 
more  apprehensive  about  a  rash  or  ble- 
mish on  her  baby's  skin  than  she  is 
about  its  failure  to  gain  in  weight  or 
o^'herwise  to  do  well.  In  approaching 
this  subject  the  keynote  must  therefore 
be  prevention.  Every  obstetrical  hos- 
pital should  maintain  separate  nurseries 
/  for  the  normal  baby  and  the  premature 
'  baby.  Separate  quarters  should  be  avail- 
able for  isolating  the  ill  or  infected  baby. 
Walls,  ceilings  and  floors  must  be  so 
constructed  as  to  be  easily  cleaned.  The 
nursery  floors  must  be  washed  daily 
and  sweeping  prohibited.  Nurseries  and 
isolation  quarters  should  be  provided 
with  running  hot  and  cold  water.  Fur- 
niture should  be  simple  and  each  nursery 
must  have  separate  equipment. 

A  separate  nursing  staff,  under  the 
supervision  of  a  graduate  nurse,  should 
be  maintained  both  day  and  night. 
Nurses  should  wear  a  mask  covering 
both  nose  and  mouth  when  in  the 
nursery  and  when  carrying  the  babies 
to  and  from  their  mothers.  Nurses 
should  wash  their  hands  thoroughly  with 
soap  and  hot  water  and  then  apply  an- 
tiseptic cream  to  the  hands  immediately 


after  changing  or  diapering  each  baby. 
Nurses  assigned  to  the  isolation  quarters 
should  not  enter  the  regular  or  pre- 
mature nurseries.  Visitors  should  be 
excluded  from  the  nurseries.  All  per- 
sonnel must  have  throat  cultures  free 
from  infection.  Student  nurses  should 
have  cultures  taken  before  coming  to 
the  department. 

Every  nursery  should  be  provided 
with  open  wire  baskets  for  the  tem-» 
porary  disposal  of  soiled  linen.  Large 
enamel  covered  cans  should  be  placed 
in  a  special  room  for  the  disposition  of 
soiled  diapers.  In  the  laundry  all  nursery 
linen  must  be  washed  entirely  by  itself 
and  should  first  be  placed  in  a  soap 
solution  at  140  degrees  Fahrenheit  and 
kept  there  for  30  minutes;  it  can  then 
be  removed  and  rinsed  in  six  separate 
rinsing  waters.  Only  the  best  laundry 
soap  should  be  used  and  all  clean  linen 
should  be  returned  at  once  to  the  ob- 
stetrical department.  Ample  linen  is  an 
essential  in  the  care  of  infants. 

The  newborn  baby  should  be  exam- 
ined for  haemorrhage,  injury,  defects, 
or  signs  of  infection  immediately  after 
birth  and  should  be  further  observed 
daily.  A  complete  physical  examination 
should   be   made   during  the    first   week 

Vol.  38  No.  5 


THE    CARE    Of^   THE    SKIN 


303 


and  a  record  kept  in  a  book  provided 
for  this  purpose.  If  any  infection  is 
found  the  baby  must  be  isolated  imme- 
diately. Each  baby  should  have  a  single 
crib  with  washable  crib  lining.  The 
mattress  must  be  kept  in  perfect  condi- 
tion bv  means  of  a  rubber  sheet  which 
completely  covers  it.  When  the  baby  is 
discharged  all  crib  linen,  including  the 
blanket,  is  sent  to  the  laundry.  The 
mattress  and  rubber  sheet  are  cleansed 
with  antiseptic  solution.  The  crib  with 
its  mattress  and  rubber  is  left  on  the 
balcony  to  air  for  24  hours.  The  crib 
frame  is  then  scrubbed  and  made  up 
with  fresh  linen.  It  is  essential  that  ex- 
tra cribs  be  available  so  that  thorough 
cleansing  and  airing  may  be  carried  out. 

These  measures  will  go  far  to  pre- 
vent the  outbreak  of  the  infection 
known  as  impetigo.  This  infection  is 
due  to  a  bacteriological  agent  which 
enters  the  nursery  in  various  ways.  Im- 
proper care  of  the  skin  and  careless 
technique  are  two  of  the  main  avenues. 
If  prevention  is  to  be  ensured,  a  clear 
understanding  of  the  physiology  of  the 
skin  and  the  heat  regulating  mechanism 
of  the  newborn  infant  is  essential.  Short- 
ly after  birth  the  newborn  baby  is  able 
f~Xo  perspire,  and  to  give  an  oil  bath 
I  daily  therefore  tends  to  prevent  eva- 
\ poration  of  the  perspiration.  Body  tem- 
perature is  thus  increased  causing  a 
heat  rash  or  skin  irritation  and,  if  the 
nursery  technique  is  poor,  impetigo. 

Another  common  practice  is  to  oil 
the  inguinal  and  axillary  regions.  These 
areas  are  just  those  places  on  the  skin 
which  have  an  undue  amount  of  moist- 
ure; the  oil  only  prevents  evaporation 
and  thus  enhances  the  possibility  of 
impetigo.  In  the  care  of  premature 
babies,  where  body  temperature  is  sub- 
normal and  the  heat  regulating  me- 
chanism is  not  that  of  a  full  term  baby, 
oiling  is  indicated  to  preserve  body  heat 


and,  because  these  infants  do  not  pers- 
pire, skin  irritation  is  at  a  minimum. 

A  discussion  of  the  care  of  the  skin 
of  the  newborn  baby  would  not  be  com- 
plete without  some  reference  to  a  pre- 
ventative, advocated  by  some,  of  not 
removing  the  vernix_caseosa  from  the_^  i 
skin  shortly  after  birth.  It  is  felt  that 
those  institutions  which  have  followed 
this  practice  with  success  have  achieved 
It  by  discontinuing  a  faulty  technique, 
so  that  when  no  technique  at  all  was 
used  no  impetigo  appeared.  One  can- 
not recommend  that  no  technique  is 
better  than  a  poor  technique,  and  the 
crux  of  the  whole  problem  is  not  in 
failing  to  clean  the  baby  at  all  but 
rather  in  using  a  technique  that  does 
not  lend  itself  to  infection. 

If  impetigo  is  to  be  prevented  in  our 
nurseries  the  following  rigid  technique 
in  the  daily  bathing  and  care  of  the  baby 
is  essential:  a  sterile  bath  basin  for  each 
baby;  a  sterile  wash  cloth  for  each 
baby;  a  clean  bath  towel  for  each  baby; 
a  clean  paper  towel  in  the  scales  for 
each  baby;  a  clean  paper  towel  on 
bath  table  for  each  baby.  Sterile  liquid 
castile  soap  only  should  be  used  and, 
before  beginning  the  bath,  have  every- 
thing ready  and  the  room  at  a  .tem- 
perature of  75  degrees  Fahrenheit. 
The  nurse  should  scrub  her  arms  and 
hands  with  soap  and  hot  water  and 
apply  antiseptic  cream  to  her  hands. 
A  clean  paper  towel  should  be  placed 
on  the  bath  table  and  a  clean  paper 
towel  in  the  scales.  A  sterile  bath  basin 
should  contain  water  at  100  degrees 
Fahrenheit,  tested  by  bath  thermometer 
in  the  basin.  After  the  bath  is  completed 
and  the  baby  is  back  in  its  crib,  discard 
the  paper  towel  from  the  bath  table 
and  from  the  scales  and  also  discard  the 
bath  towel.  Remove  the  bath  basin  and 
scrub  the  hands  again  with  soap  and 
hot  water  and  apply  the  antiseptic  cream 


MAY,  1942 


304 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


before  beginning  the  next  bath.  The 
bab}'  should  be  dressed  in  clean  cloth- 
ing daily.  Safety  pins  should  be  boiled 
after  the  discharge  of  the  baby  before 
being  used  again.  The  sterilizing  of  the 
bath  basins  should  include  scrubbing 
with  sapolio  and  then  rinsing.  Finally 
the  basins  should  be  autoclaved  or  boiled 
for  fifteen  minutes  in  a  sterilizer  which 
is  kept  exclusively   for  the   purpose. 

If  impet^igo  develops  in  the  newborn, 
the  baby  should  be  isolated  at  once  and 
full  isolation  precautions  taken.  The 
nurse    detailed    to   look    after    the    baby 


must  have  contact  wit^h  no  other  infant. 
The  treatment  considered  to  be  the 
best  is  to  keep  the  skin  exposed  and  dry 
and  the  application  of  one  per  cent 
solution  of  gentian  violet  twice  in  twen- 
ty-four hours.  Pustules  should  first  be 
wiped  with  alcohol,  then  opened  with 
a  sterile  needle,  wiped  again  with  al- 
cohol and  painted  with  a  one  per  cent 
solution  of  gentian  violet.  In  conclusion, 
although  the  treatment  for  impetigo 
has  been  stated,  again  I  repeat  that 
prevention  is  of  far  greater  importance 
than  cure. 


Welcome  to  Montreal 


Martha  Baison 


Three  huiidred  years  ago,  Jeanne 
Mance  arrived  in  the  colony  which  is 
now  the  historic  city  of  Montreal  and 
plans  are   being  made  to  celebrate   the 


6r.lra.nce  O'h.e  ^n.ontrral  general   JiCipdal 


coming  of  this  woman  who  did  so  much 
for  nursing  in  French  Canada.  In  addi- 
tion to  these  celebrations,  we  are  able  to 
offer  much  that  is  of  professional  in- 
terest to  all  nursing  groups  and  we  hope 
that  you  will  find  time  to  visit  our  great 
teaching  hospitals  and  schools  of  nurs- 
ing, our  public  health  organizations,  and 
the  School  for  Graduate  Nurses  at  Mc- 
Gill  University. 

The  Montreal  General  Hospital 
(Central  Division)  is  the  oldest  English 
hospif^al  in  Montreal  and  o\\es  its  ori- 
gin to  the  little  four-roomed  House  of 
Recovery  opened  in  1818  b\  the  Fe- 
male Benevolent  Society  for  the  relief  of 
poverty  and  distress.  The  first  medical 
school  m  Canada  was  conducted  by  its 
attending  physicians  and  the  students 
were  taught  in  the  wards  after  the 
Edinburgh  plan.  The  out-patients  and 
social  service  departments  as  well  as  all 
other  units  are  now  used  as  a  field  of 
study  for  medical  students  and  nurses. 
The    private    patients'    pavilion    is   situa- 


Vol.  38  No.  5 


\\^  E  L  C  O  M  E  T  O   M  O  N  T  R  E  A  L 


ted  in  the  Western  Division  and  has  an 
all-graduate  nursing  staff,  working  on 
the  eight-hour  system.  The  total  capa- 
city for  both  Divisions  is  600  beds.  The 
School  of  Nursing  was  founded  in  1890 
and  the  teaching  unit  occupies  a  whole 
floor  in  the  spacious  residence  for  nur- 
ses. It  comprises  classrooms,  a  demon- 
stration room,  a  library,  and  science  and 
dietetic  laboratories. 

The  Royal  Victoria  Hospital  is  situ- 
ated on  the  southern  slope  of  Mount 
Royal,  close  to  McGill  University.  Built, 
equipped  and  endowed  by  Lord  Strath- 
cona  and  Lord  Mount  Stephen,  it  was 
opened  in  1894  for  care  of  both  rich 
and  poor.  Since  that  time,  the  Ross  Pa- 
vilion for  private  patients,  the  Women's 
Pavilion  have  been  added  and,  in  1934, 
the  Montreal  Neurological  Institute  was 
opened  by  McGill  University  for  the 
care  of  neurological  and  neuro-surgica] 
patients.  The  total  bed  capacity  is  850 
with  a  nursing  staff  of  425.  The  Hospi- 
tal serves  as  a  teaching  centre  for  doc- 
tors, medical  students,  nurses,  dietitians 
and  technicians.  The  School  of  Nursing 
was  founded  in  1894  and  the  teaching 
unit  is  housed  in  the  residence.  The 
school  has  access  to  laboratories  of  Mc- 
Gill University  and  to  the  library  of  the 
medical  school.  The  buildings  are  of 
grey  stone  and  blend  harmoniously  with 
the  beautiful  wooded  grounds. 

St.  Mary's  Hospital  was  founded  in 
1920  and  is  owned  and  operated  by  the 
English-speaking  Catholics  of  Montreal. 
It  is  ideally  situated  on  the  northern 
slope  of  Mount  Royal  overlooking  a 
lovely  countryside.  The  bed  capacity  is 
230  and  the  hospital  is  modern  in  all 
resp)ects.  The  School  of  Nursing  has  an 
enrolment  of  83  students  and  is  con- 
ducted by  the  Sisters  of  Charity.  Both 
the  Hospital  and  the  School  are  fully 
accredited  by  the  American  College  of 
Surgeons.  The  Homoeopathic  Hospital 
of  Montreal  was  founded  in   1894  and 


Roadway   in  the  grounds   of  the  Royal 
Victoria  Hospital. 

is  a  general  hospital  with  a  daily  average 
of  approximately  120  patients.  The  Phil- 
lips Training  School  for  Nurses  was 
opened  in  1894  and  now  has  an  enrol- 
ment of  61  students.  A  fine  nurses'  resi- 
dence was  erected  in  1939  and  contains 
a  well  equipped  teaching  unit. 

The  Children's  Memorial  Hospital  is 
situated  on  Mount  Royal  and  has  a  ca- 
pacity of  330  beds.  Sixty  student  nurses 
from  1 7  schools  of  nursing  in  eastern 
Canada  and  the  United  States  affiliate 
for  a  three  months  course.  Postgraduate 
students  are  also  admitted  twice  yearly 
for  a  six  months  course  which  includes 
the  study  of  the  development,  training 
and  play  activities  of  the  normal  child. 
The  Hospital  offers  special  facilities  in 
the  observation  and  care  of  rheumatic, 
cardiac  and  orthopaedic  cases  and  in  the 
teaching  of  medical  aseptic  technique. 
Work  in  the  wards  is  under  the  guid- 
ance of  teaching  supervisors. 

The  Alexandra  Hospital  for  com- 
mimicable  diseases  has  a  bed  capacity  of 


MAY.   1942 


305 


THE    CANADIAN   NURSE 


Entrance     to     Arts     Building^     McG'ill 
University. 

170  and  affords  an  excellent  field  for 
the  education  of  medical  students  and 
nurses.  The  building  is  so  constructed 
that  the  modern  conception  of  medical 
aseptic  technique  can  be  thoroughly  car- 
ried out.  Affiliating  student  nurses  come 
from  the  English-speaking  schools  in  the 
Province  of  Quebec  as  well  as  from  On- 
tario, New  Brunswick  and  Bermuda. 
During  the  past  year,  227  students  bene- 
fited from  a  two  months  course  in  the 
theory  and  practice  of  nursing  patients 
suffering  from  communicable  diseases. 
Postgraduate  courses  are  also  available. 
The  Woman's  Hospital  was  founded 
in  1871  and  is  now  located  in  a  modern 
well  equipped  building.  All  services  are 
extremely  active  especially  surgery  and 
obstetrics.  The  school  of  nursing  was 
established  in  1927.  The  Shriners'  Hos- 
pital for  Crippled  Children,  "Montreal 
Unit",  is  one  of  the  group  of  specialized 
hospitals  operated  under  the  auspices  of 
the  Order  of  the  Nobles  of  the  Mystic 


Shrine,  The  Unit  has  a  bed  capacity  of 
60  and  gives  service  to  crippled  children 
only.  Its  special  departments  include 
physiotherapy,  occupational  therapy, 
dental  and  social  services.  The  hospital 
is  beautifully  situated  on  Mount  Royal. 

Two  outstanding  organizations  which 
are  well  worthy  of  a  visit,  especially  from 
those  who  are  doing  a  similar  type  of 
work,  are  the  Montreal  Branch  of  the 
Victorian  Order  of  Nurses  and  the  Child 
Welfare  Association  of  Montreal.  The 
Montreal  Branch  of  the  Victorian  Order 
was  organized  in  1897.  Skilled  nursing 
care  on  a  visit  basis  is  provided  for  the 
acutely  ill,  the  chronic  and  the  conval- 
escent in  their  homes.  Maternal  care  in- 
cludes ante-natal  instruction  and  super- 
vision as  well  as  attendance  during  de- 
livery and  post-partum  care.  The  nurse 
finds  an  opportunity  on  every  visit  to 
demonstrate  good  nursing  methods  and 
to  teach  the  family  the  prevention  of 
disease  and  the  maintenance  of  health. 
The  teaching  of  nutrition  is  under  the 
supervision  of  a  nutritionist.  The  Vic- 
torian Order  of  Nurses  provides  a  prac- 
tice field  for  the  students  of  the  McGill 
School  for  Graduate  Nurses,  and  this 
work  is  under  the  supervision  of  an  edu- 
cational director.  The  service  covers 
Greater  Montreal  and  five  branch  offi- 
ces. 

The  Child  Welfare  Association  is  a 
voluntary  health  organisation  carrying 
on  child  health  demonstration  work  in 
Montreal  and  it  operates  from  four  main 
centres  and  five  sub-stations.  Its  service 
is  co-ordinated  closely  with  that  of  the 
Health  Department,  and  is  directed  to- 
wards the  English-speaking  families  in 
the  districts  in  which  it  operates.  The 
primary  object  of  the  Association  is  to 
promote  health,  happiness  and  efficien- 
cy throughout  life  for  its  clients  and  to 
transmit  such  knowledge  of  the  methods 
of  preventing  disease  and  promoting 
health  as  they  can  apply  and  use  in  their 


306 


Vol.  38  No.  5 


\V  E  S  T  W  A  R  D   BOUND 


307 


own  homes.  The  Health  Service  Divi- 
sion of  the  Association  co-ordinates  the 
health  work  of  twenty-four  of  the  so- 
cial agencies  within  the  Federated  Cha- 
rities organization,  and  operates  such 
auxiliary  services  as  the  Montreal  volun- 
tary blood  transfusion  service  as  well  as 
conducting  health  tests  for  household 
workers  under  the  direction  of  the 
paediatric  section  of  the  Medical  Chirur- 
gical  Society. 

At  McGill  University  will  be  found 
the  School  for  Graduate  Nurses,  esta- 
blished as  a  professional  school  in  1920. 
It  was  organized  by  the  late  Miss  Flora 
Madeline  Shaw,  and  it  is  significant  at 
this  time  to  recall  that  Miss  Grace  Fair- 
ley  (now  president  of  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association)  with  Miss  Mabel 
Hersey  initiated  the  discussion  as  to  the 


possibilities  of  establishing  the  School  in 
the  spring  of  1918.  The  plan  took  con- 
crete form  in  the  summer  of  1920  and 
since  that  time,  over  600  nurses  have 
graduated  from  the  School.  The  pro- 
gram is  devoted  to  the  preparation  of 
carefully  selected  graduate  nurses  for 
positions  of  administration,  teaching  and 
supervision  in  hospitals  and  public  health 
fields.  The  School  serves  as  an  educa- 
tional centre  where  nurses  in  service  in 
Montreal  also  enroll  each  year  as  par- 
tial students  in  various  courses.  The 
University  is  readily  accessible  and  its 
delightful  group  of  buildings  and 
grounds  are  well  worth  a  visit. 

These  are  only  a  few  of  the  profes- 
sional and  educational  reasons  why  you 
should  come  to  Montreal.  We  are  wait- 
ing to  welcome  you. 


Westward  Bound 


Quebec  yesterday,  Ontario  today, 
Manitoba  tomorrow  and  British  Col- 
umbia on  Friday  —  this  is  truly  a  let- 
ter in  transit.  In  British  Columbia,  the 
Emergency  Nursing  Adviser  expects 
to  carry  on  intensive  work  before  first 
returning  to  Alberta,  and  then  to  "home 
base"  for  awhile.  With  the  visit  to  Al- 
berta, initial  contacts  will  have  been 
made  in  all  provinces  and  the  ques- 
tion is:  "Now  what?"  One  answers 
promptly:  the  pooling  ajid  consolida- 
tion of  ideas  and  follow-up  work  on  a 
national  and  also  on  a  provincial  basis. 

"Great  Expectations",  one  of  our 
foremost  leaders  aptly  labelled  the  plans 
outlined  in  one  province  and  it  was 
heartening  to  note  the  enthusiasm  and 
sincerity  with  which  this  pronounce- 
ment was  made.  Under  present  condi- 
tions, progress  cannot  be  made  too  ra- 
pidly, but  "great  ex[)ectations"  will  have 


t^o  be  cherished  and  translated  into  ac- 
tion if  professional  standards  are  suc- 
cessfully to  survive  the  present  crisis. 
Many  nurses  are  alive  to  the  peculiar 
problems  that  the  profession  is  facing. 
Isn't  it  very  necessary  that  this  should 
be  so  and  that  we  should  understand 
our  own  problems  if  we  are  to  interpret 
them  to  others? 

Without  exception,  officers  in  hos- 
pitals and  members  of  boards  of  direc- 
tors have  given  thoughtful  considera- 
tion to  the  recommendations  presented 
to  them  and  university  authorities  are 
also  concerned.  In  view  of  all  of  this, 
we  venture  to  be  encouraged  and  hope- 
ful. We  have  begun  to  ask  what  the 
enrolment  of  post-graduate  students  will 
be  in  1942  and  already  we  have  evi- 
dence of  results  from  the  recruitment 
campaigns.  Contacts  have  not  been  lim- 
ited to  professional  groups  and,  in  one 


MAY,  194Z 


308 


THE    CAN  A  D IAN    NURSE 


centre,  the  chairman  of  the  local  branch 
of  the  Hospital  Council  arranged  for 
the  Adviser  to  speak  at  a  meeting.  One 
day,  a  goodly  number  of  male  students 
in  a  university  attended  a  meeting  to 
hear  nursing  discussed  as  a  national 
service  and  as  an  excellent  preparation 
for  the  "business  of  living",  not  exclud- 
ing matrimony;  they  proved  to  be  an 
interested  and  intelligent  audience.  To 
make  up  for  lost  time  and  professional 
reticence,  very  definite  attempts  are 
being  made  in  all  provinces  to  bring 
nursijig  to  the  public  in  acceptable  forms 
and  appropriate  doses. 

A  bird's-eye  view  of  nursing  in  Can- 
ada is  a  revealing  experience.  Actual 
problems  do  not  differ  materially,  but 
the  situations  do,  and  sometimes  how 
little  we  understand  the  differences  in 
this  great  Dominion  even  within  our 
own  ranks.  The  right  sort  of  contacts 
make  for  better  understanding  and  we 
could  wish  that  more  personal  ones  were 
possible.  In  the  present  great  national 
crisis,  the  individual  is  overshadowed, 
but  we  have  an  idea  that  individual  ef- 
fort still  counts. 

Everyone  is  carrying  a  wartime  load, 
but  it  seems  as  if  nurses  are  always 
ready  to  take  on  just  a  little  more.  How 
true  this  is  and  how  much  we  owe  to 
those  in  key  positions;  they  are  such 
busy  people  these  days  and  yet  have 
time  for  extras.  So  many  of  our  nurs- 
ing leaders  have  given  much  time  and 
attention  to  the  study  and  support  of 
developments  that  have  taken  place  in 
connection  with  the  work  of  the  Emer- 
gency Nursing  Adviser  and  how  grate- 
ful we  are  to  all  of  them;  those  on  the 
Advisory  Committee  are  among  the 
busiest. 

After  spending  four  hours  in  a  de- 
layed train,  stalled  in  a  snowdrift  on 
the  prairie,  one  is  apt  to  seek  refuge  in 
the  memory  of  happier  adventures  and 
it  is  pleasant  to  recall  the  arrangement 


whereby  Miss  Munn,  Director  of  the 
Nurse  Registration  Branch  of  the  De- 
partment of  Health,  released  her  as- 
sociate, Miss  Hilda  Bennett,  who  so 
willingly  conducted  the  Adviser  on 
many  visits  throughout  Ontario.  Miss 
Bennett  drove  her  own  car  in  all  sorts 
of  weather  on  a  perfect  time  schedule 
and  not  a  minute  was  wasted.  Her 
support  was  of  real  value  and  her  com- 
panionship enjoyed.  We  are  also  very 
grateful  to  Miss  Madalene  Baker,  who 
during  her  recent  trip  to  northern  On- 
tario in  connection  with  the  reorganiza- 
tion of  registries,  also  carried  on  an  able 
educational  campaign  in  relation  to  the 
developments  arising  out  of  the  recom- 
mendations which  affect  all  fields  of 
nursing.  In  spite  of  the  fact  that  these 
are  very  active  months  for  provincial 
registrars  and  advisers  they,  too,  have 
found  time  to  lend  their  support  and 
assistance. 

Under  the  chairmanship  of  Miss 
Maisie  Miller,  committees  are  working 
on  outlines  and  other  material  that  is 
being  prepared  to  meet  a  number  of  re- 
quests. That  such  material  should  be 
made  available  through  the  National 
Office  is  an  instance  of  pooled  effort, 
because  provincial  representatives  and 
associations  have  readily  given  assistance 
in  the  preparation  of  material  for  im- 
mediate use. 

In  the  next  issue  of  the  Journaly  we 
look  forward  to  giving  a  more  intimate 
story  of  accomplishments  in  each  pro- 
vince. It  will  be  a  story  of  developments 
that,  in  many  cases,  reflect  action  taken 
by  provincial  associations  ovtr  many 
months.  Moving  westward  out  of  snow- 
drifts we  look  back  on  visits  that  were 
of  necessity  all  too  brief,  and  forward 
to  contacts  that  we  hope  to  renew. 

Kathleen  W.  Ellis, 
Emergency   Nurs't7i.g  Adviser ^ 
Canadian  Nurses  Association. 

Vol.  38  No.  5 


Notes  From  the  National  Office 

Contributed  by  JEAN  S.  WILSON, 
Executive  Secretary,  The  Canadian  Nurses  Association 


A  Short  Course  for  the  V.A.D. 

Representatives  of  the  St.  John  Am- 
bulance Association,  the  Canadian  Red 
Cross  Society,  the  Canadian  Hospital 
Council,  and  the  Canadian  Nurses  As- 
sociation met  in  Montreal  on  March 
23,  1942,  for  consideration  of  measures 
whereby  there  will  be  uniformity  in  ex- 
perience offered  by  civilian  hospitals  to 
voluntary  nursing  aides  and  in  classifi- 
cation of  those  aides  according  to  the 
type  of  preparation  they  receive.  It  was 
recognized  that,  due  to  many  young 
women  entering  other  types  of  war  serv- 
ice, there  is  now  a  limited  number  of 
eligible  volunteers  for  the  course  in  hos- 
pital experience,  about  250  hours, 
which  was  developed  during  the  year 
1941,  It  was  realized  that  while  a  shor- 
ter period,  80  hours  suggested,  will  not 
allow  volunteers  to  become  so  well  skil- 
led as  nursing  aides,  it  was  thought  that 
the  shorter  course  would  appeal  to  a 
larger  number  of  young  women  and 
might  help  provide  more  auxiliary  nurs- 
ing service  to  the  community  in  times 
of  emergency. 

It  was  unanimously  agreed  that  the 
Syllabus  Committee  of  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association  be  asked  to  draft  an 
OutHne  for  an  80  hour  course  by  re- 
vising the  Syllabus  for  the  longer  course 
as  was  prepared  by  the  same  Committee, 
and  that  the  Outline  for  an  80  hour 
course  be  accepted  by  all  four  organiza- 
tions represented  at  the  meeting. 

It  was  recommended  that  instruction 


in  the  shorter  course  be  given  during  the 
daytime  rather  than  in  the  evenings  and 
at  week-ends,  with  arrangements  for 
hours  of  practice  left  to  the  hospital  offer- 
ing the  experience;  also  that  whenever 
possible,  after  completing  the  shorter 
term  course,  the  V.A.D.  return  to  the 
hospital  for  further  practice.  The  ques- 
tion of  mobility  of  the  V.A.D.  is  left  to 
the  decision  of  the  national  organizations 
which  sponsor  these  volunteers. 

In  an  effort  to  clarify  the  existing 
confusion  in  terms  applied  to  nursing 
auxiliaries,  it  was  agreed  that  the  term 
"V.A.D."  be  used  according  to  the  fol- 
lowing classifications:  V.A.D.,  Class  A — 
those  who  have  certificates  in  First  Aid 
and  Home  Nursing  and  240  hours  of 
hospital  experience;  V.A.D.,  Class  B — 
those  who  have  the  same  basic  training; 
but  less  than  240  hours  of  hospital  ex- 
perience; V.A.D.,  Class  C — those  who 
have  the  same  basic  training  but  no  hos- 
pital experience.  Those  present  at  the 
meeting  were:  representing  the  Cana- 
dian Red  Cross  Society — Mrs.  Plump- 
tre.  Dr.  F.  W.  Routley,  Miss  Hutchison, 
Miss  E.  K.  Russell;  representing  St. 
John  Ambulance  Association — Lt.  Col. 
G.  Allison,  Miss  M.  Grier;  representing 
the  Canadian  Hospital  Council — Dr.  G. 
F.  Stephens,  Misses  Ellis,  Holt,  Giroux, 
Dr.  Harvey  Agnew;  representing  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association — Misses  F. 
Munroe,  C.  Ferguson,  B.  Anderson, 
E.  Flanagan,  J.  S.  Wilson.  Dr.  G.  F. 
Stephens  acted  as  chairman  and  Miss  F. 
Munroe  as  secretary. 


MAY,  194Z 


309 


310 


THE    CANADIAN   NURSE 


General  Meeting 

The  twenty-first  general  meetins;  of 
the  Canadian  Nurses  Association  will  be 
held  in  the  Windsor  Hotel,  Montreal, 
from  Monday,  June  22nd  to  Friday, 
June  26th  inclusive.  The  Executive 
Committee  will  meet  on  Friday  and  Sa- 
turday, June  19th  and  20th,  and  Satur- 
day, June  27th,  1942.  Due  to  the  pre- 
sent strain  on  hotel  accommodation,  nur- 
ses planning  to  attend  the  General  Meet- 
ing are  urged  to  make  their  reservations 
as  soon  as  possible.  Rates  at  the  Windsor 
Hotel  are:  single  rooms,  $4.00-$4.50; 
double  rooms,  $3.00  each;  three  per- 
sons in  a  room,  $2.50  each;  four  per- 
sons in  a  room,  $2.25  each. 

The  convenor  of  the  Arrangements 
Committee  wishes  to  announce  that  Miss 
F.  Munroe,  superintendent  of  nurses. 
Royal  Victoria  Hospital,  Montreal,  is  in 
charge  of  all  plans  in  respect  to  the 
Overseas  Nursing  Sisters  Association  of 
Canada.  The  late  afternoon  and  even- 
ing of  Wednesday,  June  24th,  have 
been  left  free  for  Alumnae  functions; 
those  wishing  to  make  arrangements  in 
advance  should  write  to  Miss  Vera  L. 
Graham,  Homoeopathic  Hospital,  Mon- 
treal. Miss  Eva  Merizzi,  451  Blvd.  St. 
Joseph  E.,  Montreal,  is  French  Associate 
to  Miss  Graham. 


A  Few  Facts 


Early  this  year  the  Canadian  Nurses 
Association  made  a  survey  on  the  distri- 
bution of  registered  nurses  in  Canada. 
The  survey  which  was  made  for  a  spe- 
cific purpose  had  to  be  done  quickly,  and 
in  some  instances  approximate  estimates 
only  could  be  secured.  As  the  results 
obtained  should  be  of  interest  to  readers 
of  the  Journaly  a  summary  of  the  in- 
formation collected  has  been  prepared. 

The  total  number  of  registered  nur- 
ses affiliated  with  the  Canadian  Nurses 


Association  is  18,266;  the  estimated 
number  of  registered  nurses  in  Canada 
is  placed  at  23,000.  Reports  in  respect 
to  regional  distribution  varied;  the  aver- 
age mean  showed  that  75%  of  the  total 
number  of  nurses  are  in  urban  centres 
except  in  the  Province  of  Quebec  where 
94%  are  in  cities  and  towns  and  6%  in 
rural  areas.  With  regard  to  public  health 
nurses — during  the  year  1941,  56% 
were  in  urban,  25%  in  semi-urban,  and 
19%  in  rural  areas.  In  February  1942 
nurses  inducted  into  the  armed  forces 
were:  in  England  and  other  theatres  of 
war,  360;  in  Canada,  473;  taken  on 
the  strength  of  the  South  African  Medi- 
cal Nursing  Service,  300.  There  are 
22  nurses  with  the  Orthopaedic  Hospi- 
tal Unit  for  Scotland. 

The  survey  did  not  show  a  shortage 
in  the  private  duty  field  but  it  revealed 
a  greater  need  for  general  duty  nurses, 
especially  in  smaller  hospitals.  With  the 
rapid  expansion  of  industrial  war  plants, 
there  is  an  increasing  demand  for  nur- 
j  ses  with  special  preparation  in  pub- 
lic health  and,  as  many  nurses 
who  were  filling  positions  of  respon- 
sibility have  joined  the  forces,  there  is 
an  increasing  demand  for  specially  qua- 
lified nurses  in  both  schools  of  nursing 
and  the  public  health  field.  As  a  result, 
during  the  year  1941,  approximately 
46%  of  vacancies  in  the  public  health 
field  could  not  be  filled  satisfactorily 
while  less  than  20%  of  vacancies  for  in- 
structors and  supervisors  in  schools  of 
nursing  were  filled  by  well  prepared 
nurses. 


From  South  Africa 

Mrs.  H.  C.  Horwood,  Organizing 
Secretary  of  the  South  African  Trained 
Nurses  Association,  met  the  second  con- 
tingent of  nurses  from  Canada  on  arri- 
val to  Cape  Town.  Mrs.  Horwood 
writes  that  the  nurses  were  all  well  and 


Vol.  38  No.  5 


NATIONAL    OFFICE 


311 


happv.  Thirty-three  were  sent  to  their 
destination  direct  from  the  boat  and  the 
remainder  were  entertained  during  the 
day  until  time  for  their  departure  at 
9.00  p.m.  for  the  north.  Mrs.  Hor- 
wood's  concluding  paragraph  is: 

I  hear  good  reports  on  all  sides  of  your 
nurses,  who  have  "settled  in"  most  accept- 
ably. I  feel  they  are  strengthening  the  bonds 
of  international  friendship  and  mutual  un- 
derstanding. 

Miss  Gladys  Sharpe,  who  travelled  to 
South  Africa  with  the  second  contingent 
of  Canadian  nurses,  carried  with  her  a 
letter  of  introduction  from  the  Execu- 
tive Secretary  to  Mrs.  Horwood.  The 
latter  kindly  forwarded  the  letter  to  the 
Matron-in-Chief  of  the  South  African 
Medical  Nursing  Service,  who  has  writ- 
ten the  Executive  Secretary  in  part  as 
follows : 

I  can  assure  you  that  we  are  grateful  to 
Canada  for  sparing  Miss  Sharpe  to  us.  I 
know  you  will  be  pleased  to  learn  that  I 
made  her  a  Senior  Matron  from  the  date  of 
entrainment  in  Canada.  I  sincerely  hope 
that  all  your  nurses  will  be  happy  in  this 
country,  and  feel  that  contact  in  daily  work 
with  our  South  African  nurses  will  have  a 
far-reaching  effect  in  furthering  interna- 
tional unity  in  the  nursing  profession.  With 
ray  best  wishes  and  the  hope  that  World 
Peace  will  be  achieved  before  many  more 
months  have  passed. 


British   Nurses   Relief   Fund 

The  Canadian  Nurses  Association 
wishes  to  announce  that  with  the  appro- 
val of  the  Department  of  National  War 
Services,  in  future  the  proceeds  of  the 
British  Nurses  Relief  Fund  can  be  dis- 
tributed within  the  British  Common- 
wealth, wherever  the  need  is  felt  to  be 
greatest.  At  present  (April  4th)  a  reply 
is  awaited  as  to  the  possibility  of  relief 


being  sent  through  the  International  Red 
Cross  to  British  nurses  in  Hong  Kong 
and  Singapore. 

We  should  like  to  publish  in  full  the 
letters  of  appreciation  received  from  nur- 
ses in  Britain  who  have  been  helped  by 
the  Canadian  Nurses  Association  Fund. 
These  are  excerpts  from  two  letters  that 
arrived  late  in  the  month  of  March: 
"I  was  working  as  Night  Sister  at  the 
time  when  the  whole  of  the  Nurses' 
Home  was  struck.  My  room  just  col- 
lapsed, nothing  left,  but  luckily  I  was 
on  duty  so  came  to  no  harm.  This  extra 
money  will  help  toward  replacing  some 
of  my  things."  The  second  excerpt  reads 
as  follows:  "When  the  call  came  for 
nurses  I  volunteered  and  stored  my 
trunks,  containing  all  my  clothing  and 
bedding,  at  the  Nurses'  Club.  I  little 
thought  I  should  never  see  any  of  my 
treasures  again.  I  had  worked  in  my 
spare  time  getting  ready  for  my  little 
home  in  England  when  I  retired,  then 
war  came  and  everything  was  burned  up, 
yet  I  am  thankful  to  say  all  the  nurses 
escaped  safely.  A  nearby  church  gave 
them  shelter  until  homes  could  be  found 
for  them." 


Contributions   to    the    British   Nurses 
Relief  Fund  have  been  received  from: 
Nova  Scotia'. 

Halifax  Branch.  R.N.A.X.S $14.75 

Col.  Co.  Branch,  R.N.A.N.S 16.00 

Pictou  Co.  Branch,  R.N.A.N.S 22.50 

Valley  Branch,  R.N.A.N.S 33.75 

Antigonish-Guysboro-Inverness- 

Richmond    Branch,    R.N.A.N.S 400 

Cumberland  Co.  Branch,  R.N.A.N.S.  9.00 

Lunenburg  Co.  Branch.  R.N.A.N.S.  5.00 
A. A.,  Royal  Victoria  Hospital, 

Halifax    Group    7.50 

Ontario : 

District  1 : 

A. A.,  St.  Joseph's  Hospital,  Chatham  50.00 

A. A.,  Memorial  Hospital,  St.  Thomas  51.25 

Windsor  nurses   21.00 

Nurse  in  Petrolia  2.00 


MAY,  194Z 


312 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


District  4 : 

Welland   Nurses   Alumnae   60.00 

District  5 : 

A. A.,   Toronto   General   Hospital   ....     175.00 

A.A.,  Toronto  Western  Hospital  ....     325.00 

A. A.  Hospital  for  Sick  Children. 
Toronto  6.00 

Nursing  Sisters,  Military  Hospital, 
Camp  Borden  40.82 

Graduate  Student  Association, 
School  of  Nursing,  University 
of   Toronto   10.00 

Students  and  Graduate  nurses,  On- 
tario Hospital,  New  Toronto  100.00 


Graduate  staff.  Hospital  for  Sick 

Children,  City  and  Country  Branch       23.00 

Graduate  nurse  staff,  Toronto 
Hospital,  Weston  8.75 

District  6 : 

Peterborough  nurses  6.25 

Lindsay    nurses    11.00 

District  8: 

Nurses  of  District  8  175.00 

District  9 : 

A.A.  St.  Joseph's  Hospital,  Sudbury         25.00 

Nurses  of  Muskoka  Hospital. 
Gravenhurst  23.00 

Kirkland  Lake  nurses   4.00 

New   Liskeard   nurses    9.00 


S.R.N.A.  Silver  Anniversary 


In  1917,  one  more  provijice  of  Can- 
ada had  been  granted  registration  for 
nurses.  This  j'ear,  on  May  28  and  29, 
1942,  in  Moose  Jaw,  the  Saskatche- 
wan Registered  Nurses  Association  will 
celebrate  its  twenty-fifth  anniversary. 
The  emergencies  of  war  forbid  ceremo- 
nies that  might  otherwise  have  marked 
this  significant  event,  not  only  in  the 
history  of  the  Association,  but  in  the 
progress  of  nursing.  However,  it  is 
hoped  that  a  few  of  the  charter  mem- 
bers will  be  present;  their  interest  in 
nursing  affairs  is  still  so  evident  and 
their  efforts  in  the  interest  of  nurses 
are  not  forgotten ;  the  names  of  dis- 
tinguished women  are  included  in  this 
list.  The  program  for  this  meeting  is 
to  centre  around  the  study  of  recom- 
menda*"ions  that  deal  with  the  present 
crisis.  Many  of  them  arose  out  of  the 
Joint  Conference  held  in  Montreal  in 
September,  1941,  and  involve  studies 
that  are  of  vital  concern  to  every  nurse. 
They  will  be  discussed  under  the  gen- 
eral heading  of  Filling  the  Gafs:  the 
graduate  nurse  with  special  qualifica- 
tions;   the    student    nurse;    the    general 


duty  nurse.  The  place  of  refresher 
courses  in  the  present  day  program  will 
also  be  considered.  Among  the  guest 
speakers  will  be  Mr.  M.  R.  Ballard, 
B.A.,  B.  Paed,,  Principal  of  the  Moose 
Jaw  Central  Collegiate  Institute,  who 
will  speak  on  "The  Business  of  Living", 
and  Squadron  Leader  Foster,  Chap- 
lain, S.F.T.S.,  R.A.F.  By  special  re- 
quest, the  excellent  history  of  nursing 
exhibit  displayed  at  the  annual  meeting 
last  year  is  to  be  repeated  with  important 
additions.  Considerable  time  is  to  be 
given  to  the  round  table  discussion. 
Come  and  bring  your  problems  with 
you  —  but  come! 

In  recognition  of  their  outstanding 
contributions  to  nursing  we  publish  the 
names  of  the  nurses  who  sponsored  the 
birth  and  rechristening  of  the  Saskat- 
chewan Registered  Nurses  Association, 
and  ask  for  a  message  from  them.  They 
are :  Jean  Browne,  Jean  Wilson,  Effie 
Feeny,  Ruth  Hicks,  Helen  Walker, 
Elizabeth  Van  Valkenburg,  Norah 
Armstrong,  and  Granger  Campbell. 
R.  C.  Christilaw, 
Actifig  Registrar^  S.R.N.A. 


Vol.   38  No.  5 


The  A.A.R.N.  Annual  Meeting 


After  the  morning  news  broadcast  on 
Monday,  April  6,  nurses  listening  in  to 
Edmonton  stations  were  reminded  that 
this  was  the  commencement  of  the  two- 
day  annual  meeting  of  the  Alberta  As- 
sociation of  Registered  Nurses  being 
held  at  the  Macdonald  Hotel.  Although 
many  were  unable  to  leave  their  hos- 
pital duties  due  to  lack  of  sufficient 
staff,  over  two  hundred  members  at- 
tended the  sessions,  and  all  districts  of 
the  Association  were  represented.  The 
opening  prayer  was  given  by  the  Rev. 
Daniel  Young,  and  Mayor  Jokn  Fry 
welcomed  out-of-town  delegates  on  be- 
half of  the  city  of  Edmonton.  Miss  Rae 
Chittick  presided,  and  a  letter  of  greet- 
ing was  read  from  the  national  presi- 
dent. Miss  Grace  Fairley. 

In  the  secretary's  report  it  was  re- 
vealed that  $2,020  had  been  collected 
for  the  British  Nurses  Rehef  Fund  for 
the  past  year,  and  a  considerable  amount 
already  has  been  collected  for  1942. 
The  attention  of  district  delegates  was 
drawn  to  the  proposed  nation-wide  ves- 
per service  for  nurses  to  be  held  through- 
out the  Dominion  on  May  10.  A  pro- 
vision has  been  made  whereby  a  tem- 
porary licence  may  be  obtained  without 
charge  by  nurses  whose  husbands  are 
in  the  active  forces,  and  who  wish  to 
practise  while  stationed  in  the  province, 
providing  that  the  nurse  is  a  member 
in  good  standing  in  her  own  province 
and  can  produce  a  current  renewal 
membership  card  to  that  effect. 

District  reports  were  coloured  by  war 
activity  on  behalf  of  the  Red  Cross  So- 
ciety and  the  Navy  League  of  Canada. 
Calgary  District,  No.  3,  announced  the 
opening  of  a  central  registry  in  that 
city  for  private  duty  nurses,  at  1724-14 
Ave.  West,  to  be  known  as  "The  Com- 
munity   Nursing    Bureau",    with    Miss 


Eleanor  Wainwright  as  registrar.  Miss 
B.  Beattie  reported  on  the  eight-hour 
day  committee  and  Miss  Helen  McAr- 
thur  on  health  insurance. 

Although  previous  subscriptions  to  the 
Journal  had  been  maintained,  The 
Catiad'mn  Nurse  representative,  Miss 
Violet  Chapman,  urged  that  a  higher 
percentage  of  nurses  subscribe  and  that 
more  material  be  furnished  for  publica- 
tion . 

The  presence  of  Miss  K.  W.  Ellis  was 
of  inestimable  value.  She  answered  in- 
numerable questions  and,  in  her  capa- 
city as  Emergency  Nursing  Adviser  to 
the  Canadian  Nurses  Association,  out- 
lined the  recommendations  approved  by 
the  joint  conference  of  University  re- 
presentatives ajid  by  the  C.N. A.  last 
September.  Miss  Ellis  gave  a  short  ad- 
dress at  the  banquet  on  Monday  even- 
ing, and  at  the  annual  meeting  of  pro- 
vincial chapters  of  the  I.O.D.E.  held  on 
Tuesday. 

Miss  M.  S.  Eraser  outlined  the  pro- 
gress made  for  a  central  school  in  Al- 
berta. A  brief  was  submitted  to  the  Al- 
berta Government,  through  the  Special 
Survey  Committee  appointed  to  report 
on  the  orgajiization  and  administration 
of  the  University,  and  later  an  interview 
with  the  acting  president  of  the  Uni- 
versity was  secured.  The  Special  Com- 
mittee, however,  although  regarding  the 
scheme  most  favourably,  pointed  out 
that  since  large  classrooms  and  labora- 
tories would  require  a  new  building  de- 
velopment, it  seemed  impracticable  to 
launch  such  a  scheme  at  the  present 
time.  It  is  the  intention  of  the  central 
school  committee  to  keep  the  idea  alive 
in  the  event  of  further  developments  be- 
coming possible. 

The  pressing  question  of  the  shortage 
of    nurses    was    discussed,    and    how    to 


MAY,  1942 


313 


314 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


meet  this  shortage  to  the  best  advantage 
seemed  to  be  the  core  of  the  entire 
meeting.  Here,  again,  Miss  Elhs  was 
of  invaluable  help.  A  resolution  was 
adopted  that  a  committee  composed  of 
administrators  from  schools  of  nursing 
and  municipal  hospitals  be  formed  (a) 
i  A'a£^  to  study  the  duties  of  subsidiary  workers 
with  reference  to  the  hospital  training 
course  as  outlined  by  the  Red  Cross 
and  approved  by  the  C.N. A.;  (b)  to 
draw  up  a  sliding  scale  of  salaries  for 
general  duty  nurses.  Six  members  were 
elected  to  study  the  training  of  subsidiary 
helpers  in  groups,  with  a  view  to  their 
"  employment  in  hospitals  requiring  their 

services.  The  committee  consists  of: 
Miss  Catherine  M.  Clibborn  (chair- 
man); Miss  Martha  Smith,  of  Red 
Deer;  Sister  Beatrice,  of  Lethbridge; 
Miss  Viola  Leadlay;  Miss  H.  Herman- 
son,  of  Rocky  Mountain  House;  and 
Miss  M.  S.  Eraser,  of  Edmonton. 

In  his  address  on  standards  in  schools 
of  nursing  and  organization  of  nursing 
service  for  national  emergency.  Dr.  A. 
C.  McGugan,  medical  inspector  of  hos- 
pitals, urged  that  every  effort  be  made 
to  employ  ex-graduates  who  have  left 
the  profession  but  who  may  be  available 
for  employment  in  a  war  emergency. 

Business  meetings  of  the  three  sec- 
tions were  held  concurrently  at  which 
new  chairmen  were  elected:  hospital 
■  and  school  of  nursing,  Miss  Gena  Bam- 
forth,  Edmonton;  public  health.  Miss 
Helen  Garfield,  Calgary;  general  nurs- 
ing. Miss  Annie  Carlson,  Calgary.  At 
the  luncheon  meeting  of  the  public  health 
section.  Miss  Hildur  Hermanson  spoke 
of  her  work  in  Formosa  while  attached 
to  a  Presbyterian  mission  hospital  pre- 
vious to  the  outbreak  of  war  in  the  Pa- 
cific. 

Arising  out  of  an  anticipated  shortage 
of  students  for  schools  of  nursing.  Miss 


Helen  S.  Peters  reported  on  a  campaign 
of  publicity.  Equipped  with  comprehen- 
sive material,  Miss  Jean  M.  Davidson, 
a  graduate  of  the  Royal  Alexandra  Hos- 
pital, will  embark  on  a  tour  of  high 
schools  to  interest  and  recruit  suitable 
young  women  for  the  nursing  profes- 
sion, and  mimeographed  copies  of  her 
talks  will  be  sent  to  those  schools  not 
visited.  The  co-operation  of  organiza- 
tions and  the  opportunity  to  address  them 
is  being  obtained  and  newspaper  and  ra- 
dio publicity  are  being  arranged.  Miss 
Peters  had  requested  that  present  stu- 
dents in  schools  of  nursing  prepare  pos- 
ters suitable  for  use  in  high  schools  and 
the  results  were  on  view  during  the 
sessions. 

Interesting  addresses  were  given  by: 
Dr.  Heber  C.  Jamieson,  on  diabetes  and 
other  metabolic  diseases;  Dr.  D.  B. 
Leitch,  professor  of  pediatrics.  Univer- 
sity of  Alberta,  "Why  do  children  'act 
their  age'?";  Miss  Kathleen  Jackson, 
director,  Family  Welfare  Bureau,  on 
the  wartime  family.  Professor  F.  M. 
Salter,  assistant  professor  of  English; 
was  the  guest  speaker  at  the  banquet.  He 
spoke  on  "Impersonal  Responsibility", 
and  said  :"Impersonal  responsibility  and 
impersonal  honour  is  thought  to  be  be- 
yond the  capacity  of  women;  but  when 
bombs  fell  on  Coventry  and  Plymouth 
and  London,  it  was  the  nurses  who 
dragged  their  patients  to  safety,  for  they 
accepted  and  lived  up  to  their  impersonal 
responsibility.  They  proved  themselves 
fit  to  live  in  a  man's  world." 

At  the  close  of  the  afternoon  sessions 
on  Tuesday,  tea  was  served  at  the  Royal 
Alexandra  Hospital,  by  Edmonton  Dis- 
trict, No.  7,  at  the  kind  invitation  of  the 
superintendent  of  nurses,  Miss  M.  S. 
Eraser. 

A.  E.  Vango, 
Registrar. 


Vol.   38  No.  5 


PUBLIC   HEALTH    NURSING 


Contributed  by  the  Public  Health  Section  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association. 


The  Lamp  of  Learning 

Jean  Elizabeth  Martin 


There  is  a  common  agreement  among 
psychologists  that  sight  is  the  real  lamp 
of  learning,  since  it  is  through  the  vi- 
sual sense  that  the  brain  receives  the 
great  majority  of  its  impressions.  "Al- 
though learning  is  a  mental  process, 
the  brain  can  interpret  the  messages 
only  in  so  far  as  the  senses  are  capable 
of  transmitting  them."  It  is  quite  ob- 
vious any  abnormal  eye  condition  may 
be  a  serious  physical  handicap,  but  the 
equalh'  serious  mental  retardation  is 
sometimes  less  considered.  In  addition, 
such  conditions  often  result  in  grave 
maladjustments,  both  psychological  and 
social.  Abnormal  eye  conditions  may 
hinder  a  child  from  developing  his  full- 
est potentialities. 

Among  the  many  services  confront- 
ing the  public  health  nurse,  could  any 
be  more  important  than  that  of  keeping 
bright  this  lamp  of  learning:  To  pre- 
vent abnormal  eye  conditions  arising 
should  be  foremost  in  the  mind  of  the 
public  health  nurse,  but  she  should  also 
be  equipped  to  assist,  to  the  fullest  ex- 
tent, those  she  encounters  with  exist- 
ing ocular  disturbances.  To  fulfill  this 
responsibility  the  nurse  must  acquaint 
herself  with  some  of  the  most  common 
eye  abnormalities.  Her  instruments  of 
service  are  education  and  prevention. 
She  works  in  a  fourfold   field,  namely, 


antepartum,  infant,  pre-school,  and 
school.  Education  of  the  parents  is  the 
nurse's  outstanding  opportunity  in  the 
antepartum  field.  The  value  of  blood 
tests  should  be  common  knowledge. 
The  fact  that  antepartum  syphilis,  with 
its  many  abnormal  effects,  in  which 
the  eye  sometimes  shares,  may  be  pre- 
vented, should  be  a  key  point  in  the 
nurse's   teaching   programme. 

Neonatal  eye  infection,  ophthalmia 
neonatorum,  used  to  rate  as  one  of  the 
chief  causes  of  blindness  in  children  en- 
tering the  schools  for  the  blind.  This 
infection  is  prevented  by  instilling  pro- 
phylactic silver  nitrate  drops  into  the 
eyes  of  the  new-born.  Most  provinces 
in  Canada  have  a  law  to  this  effect, 
and  where  it  is  in  force,  infant  blind- 
ness is  practically  wiped  out.  Many 
babies  appear  "cross-eyed"  during  the 
first  few  months.  By  the  time  the  baby 
is  nine  to  twelve  months  of  age  this 
usually  disappears.  When  a  squint  does 
not  disappear  in  a  baby  over  one  year 
it  is  probable  that  the  baby  has  poor 
sight,  and  an  oculist  should  be  consulted. 
In  untreated  or  improperly  treated  cases 
of  a  squint  or  strabismus,  the  weak  eye 
may  have  suppressed  vision  which  will 
eventually  lead  to  amblyopia  exanopsia. 
The  public  health  nurse  should  do  all 
in  her  power  to  educate  the  parents  of 


MAY,   1942- 


316 


THE    CANADIAN   NURSE 


a  child  with  a  squint  ?.?.  to  the  importance 
of  early  treatment.  An  opaqueness  of 
the  lens  in  the  eye  of  a  baby  only  a 
few  months  old  may  be  noticed  even 
by  a  lay  person.  Such  a  condition  is  usu- 
ally congenital  cataract,  which  is  due 
to  faulty  development  in  the  lens.  Here 
again  the  nurse  should  advise  parents 
to  consult  an  oculist.  Words  of  en- 
couragement of  present-day  treatment 
should  be  given,  but  the  word  "ca- 
taract" should  be  avoided  by  the  nurse. 

The  National  Society  for  the  Pre- 
vention of  Blindness  feels  that  if  more 
time  were  spent  in  detecting  eye  defects 
in  the  pre-school  children,  alleviating 
and  correcting  such,  eye  troubles  at 
school  would  be  decreased.  Special  charts 
for  testing  children,  from  two  to  six 
years,  have  been  made  to  detect  faulty 
vision.  In  order  to  do  a  proper  refrac- 
tion on  children  who  have  defective 
vision,  the  services  of  an  oculist  are  re- 
quired. 

The  public  health  nurse  comes  in 
contact  with  many  of  the  pre-school 
children  in  her  home  visiting.  During 
these  visits  she  will  note  outstanding  eye 
defects  and  will  be  able  to  emphasize 
to  the  mother  the  importance  of  the 
child's  general  health,  which  has  a  direct 
bearing  on  the  child's  future  eye  con- 
dition. The  significance  of  general 
cleanliness,  fresh  air,  sunshine,  and  nu- 
trition should  be  stressed.  Nutrition  and 
its  relationship  to  ocular  diseases  is  one 
of  the  present-day  studies.  Dr.  Arthur 
M.  Yudkin,  in  an  article  "Vitamins 
and  Ocular  Diseases",  writes,  "At  the 
University  Clinic  (Yale)  many  patients 
with  types  of  ocular  disturbances  have 
been  treated  with  vitamins.  .  .  Frequent- 
ly there  was  encountered  in  children 
and  infants  a  dryness  of  the  cornea, 
with  similar  changes  in  epithelium  of 
the  conjunctiva,  which  improved  when 
a  diet  high  in  Vitamin  A  was  given.  .  . 
At  the  present  time   I  find  no  definite 


use  in  ophthalmology  for  Vitamins  D 
and  E."  Dr.  H.  M.  Traquair,  of  the 
Royal  Infirmary  at  Edinburgh,  feels 
that  proper  nutrition  is  so  vital  in  treat- 
ing eye  conditions  that  he  has  a  printed 
diet  list  to  be  given  to  eye  clinic  cases. 
A  high  vitamin  diet  is  listed  chiefly  con- 
taining Vitamin  A,  with  some  Vitamin 
B  and  C.  Starches  and  sugars  are  listed 
as  foods  unsuitable.  Cod-liver  oil  is  ad- 
vised, also  general  cleanliness  and  fresh 
air.  Dr.  P.  C.  Jeans  reported  that  25% 
of  rural  children  and  53%  of  ciry 
children  showed  poor  visual  adaptation; 
later,  in  a  smaller  series,  about  the  same 
incidence  was  found.  The  administra- 
tion of  cod-liver  oil  or  of  carotene 
equivalent  to  from  5,000  to  6,000  In- 
ternational units  of  Vitamin  A  brought 
about  recovery,  in  from  four  to  six 
weeks.  Hence  if  nutrition  plays  such 
an  important  part  in  treating  eye  con- 
ditions, might  it  not  prevent  such  con- 
ditions arising?  Therefore  the  public 
health  nurse  must  keep  alert  to  present- 
day  findings,  and  be  able  informatively 
to  advise  proper  diet  for  pre-school 
children. 

Scarlet  fever  and  measles  frequently 
develop  in  the  pre-school,  as  well  as 
the  school,  child.  It  should  be  remem- 
bered that  during  acute  disease,  and  for 
some  time  following  recoverv  from 
acute  disease,  eye  muscles  suffer  from 
the  same  exhaustive  processes  as  other 
muscles  of  the  body.  Eye  complications, 
which  sometimes  follow  such  diseases, 
may  be  avoided  by  providing  eve  com- 
fort, giving  adequate  light  and  fresh 
air.  Dark  glasses  may  be  worn  rather 
than  have  the  patient's  room  darkened. 
Place  the  head  of  the  bed  towards  the 
window,  and  arrange  artificial  light 
so  that  no  glare  may  annoy  the  patient. 
While  a  child  is  bedridden  or  conva- 
lescing, he  should  not  use  his  eves  to  any 
extent,  at  close  range. 

When  preventive  measures  have  not 


Vol.   38  No.  5 


THE   LAMP   OF  LEARNING 


317 


been  observed,  muscle  weakness  or  im- 
balance sometimes  follows  communic- 
able diseases.  Thus  by  a  few  simple  in- 
structions the  nurse  may  be  able  to  pre- 
vent a  child  beins^  handicapped  with  a 
squint.  If  a  squint  does  occur,  early 
recognition  of  the  same  is  very  impor- 
tant. North  believes  that  much  may 
be  done  by  education  and  training  to 
improve  the  vision  of  the  eye  at  fault. 
To  avert  a  squint,  or  to  cure  it  by  edu- 
cational measures,  when  the  tendency 
to  a  fixed  squint  is  recognized,  requires 
tremendous  patience  on  the  part  of  the 
physician  directing  the  child's  treat- 
ment, and  on  the  part  of  the  mother 
and  child.  An  oculist  should  always  be 
consulted  for  such  conditions.  OrthofK 
tics,  which  really  means  "seeing 
straight",  is  one  of  the  methods  of 
treating  squints.  Orthoptic  treatments 
are  given  to  children  pre-  and  post- 
operatively, in  order  to  get  children  to 
use  both  eyes  together,  and  build  up 
co-ordination  which  is  mental  and  psy- 
chological. England  has  made  consider- 
able advances  in  the  field  of  orthoptics. 
Many  parents  who  fear  surgery,  or 
who  may  be  Christian  Scientists,  will 
respond  to  such  suggestions  as  diet  and 
exercises,  hence  the  public  health  nurse 
should  have  a  knowledge  of  orthoptics. 
When  visiting  the  homes,  the  public 
health  nurse  has  an  opportunity  of 
warning  of  the  dangers  of  certain  ar- 
ticles in  causing  common  eye  accidents 
among  children..  Such  articles  as  scissors, 
knives,  sharp-pointed  instruments,  bro- 
ken to)s,  and  hairpins,  should  be  kept 
out  of  reach  of  the  pre-school  child. 
When  the  child  enters  school,  not  only 
does  the  nurse  supervise  him,  but  also 
a  school  doctor  and  teacher.  During  his 
school  life  the  child  should  be  led  to 
take  an  interest  in  his  own  eyes,  and 
should  be  instructed  in  the  care  and 
protection  of  them.  The  school  aids 
in   this  development   by   providing  good 

MAY,  1942' 


lighting,  and  cultivating  the  desire  for 
such  in  the  pupil,  thus  lessening  the 
chances  of  eye  strain.  The  nurse  aids 
in  such  a  development  by  establishing 
a  good  rapport  with  pupils,  as  well  as  a 
good  knowledge  of  their  eye  conditions. 
Along  with  the  added  supervision  of  the 
school,  the  child  also  encounters  infec- 
tions and  hazards,  and  some  congenital 
conditions  are  first  noted  during  the 
school  age. 

Nature  occasionally  makes  misfits, 
and  the  eye,  and  individual  parts  of 
the  eye,  are  not  exceptions  in  failing  to 
develop  properly.  Some  congenital  con- 
ditions may  not  be  detected  until  the 
child  attends  school.  Some  of  these 
conditions  the  nurse  will  detect  in 
checking  the  pupils'  vision,  but  there  are 
also  behaviours  which  the  teacher  may 
note.  The  National  Society  for  the 
Prevention  of  Blindness  has  printed  a 
leaflet,  "Observable  behaviours  which 
may  help  teachers  and  mothers  to  dis- 
cover visual  difficulties".  Twenty-six 
behaviours  are  listed,  some  of  which 
are  "cries  frequently",  "irritable  over 
work",  "tilts  his  head  to  one  side  when 
reading",  "screws  up  face  when  read- 
ing", "holds  his  face  close  to  the  page 
when  reading".  Such  behaviours  may 
be  caused  by  astigmatism,  hyperopia, 
or  myopia.  Astigmatism  is  found  in  the 
eye  which  is  irregular  either  on  the  sur- 
face of  the  cornea,  or  on  the  lens  cap- 
sule. Such  irregularities  cause  the  ray  of 
light  to  be  so  twisted,  that  they  approach 
a  focus  along  a  considerable  line  instead 
of  at  a  point.  The  projection  of  imper- 
fect images  on  the  retina  causes  mis- 
calling of  letters,  and  is  often  a  source 
of  profound  nervous  disturbance.  Hy- 
peropia and  m)'opia  are  conditions  relat- 
ing to  the  shape  of  the  eye-ball.  Hy- 
peropia is  when  the  eye-ball  is  flattened 
from  back  to  front,  consequently  the 
lens  at  rest  has  not  sufficient  curvature 
to  focus  parallel  rays  on  the  retina.  In 


318 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


myopia  the  eye-ball  is  longer  than  nor- 
mal, so  that  the  curve  of  the  lens  is  too 
great  to  focus  parallel  rays  on  the  retina. 
There  are  two  types  of  myopia,  simple 
and  progressive.  For  this  reason  the 
nurse  should  take  frequent  checks  on 
myopic  conditions.  On  discovering  any 
of  these  conditions  in  a  school  child, 
the  nurse  refers  them  to  the  school  doc- 
tor, and  then  the  parents  are  notified. 
The  nurse  should  do  all  in  her  power 
to  have  the  parents  attend  to  proper 
correction  of  such  conditions.  If  pos- 
sible, direct  the  paren'^s  to  an  oculist 
rather  than  to  an  optometrist. 

The  accompanying  table,  which  has 
been  prepared  by  the  Section  on  Oph- 
thalmology of  the  American  Medical 
Associa^'ion  and  is  therefore  authentic, 
represents  a  true  picture  of  the  percen- 
tage of  visual  efficiency  for  each  line 
of  the  Snellen  Chart: 

Percentage    of    visual    efficiency    retained, 

based  on  Snellen's  Notation,  and  the 

percentage  of  loss  of  vision,  judged 

from  the  same  notation. 

Snellen  Percentage        Percentage 

Notation  of  Visual  of  Loss 

for  Distance      Efficiency  of  Vision 


20/20 

100  0 

0  0 

20/30 

91  5 

8.5 

20/40 

83.6 

16.4 

20/50 

76  5 

23.5 

20/70 

64  0 

36.0 

20/100 

48.9 

51.1 

20/200 

20.0 

80.0 

You  will  note  from  the  tables  that 
these  figures  apply  only  in  cases  of 
m)'opia,  and  do  not  indicate  any  per- 
centage for  either  hyperopia  or  astig- 
matism. There  are  several  agencies 
which  assist  in  supplying  glasses  for 
school  children.  The  Prevention  De- 
partment of  the  National  Institute  for 
the  Blind  will  always  provide  progres- 
sive types  of  eye  conditions  with  glasses. 

Mental  hygiene  plays  an  important 
part    in     the    eye    conditions    of    school 


children.  The  children  with  squints,  in 
addition  to  being  handicapped  physically, 
are  frequently  subjected  to  the  merciless 
remarks  of  their  fellow  playmates,  be- 
sides being  aware  themselves  that  they 
appear  different  from  other  children. 
Some  parents  are  neglectful  or  indif- 
ferent to  correcting  squint  conditions 
by  surgical  methods.  The  public  health 
nurse  must  seek  opportunity  to  explain 
to  the  parents  the  benefit  to  the  child 
in  personality  development,  and  in  pos- 
sibility of  future  employment.  Many 
children  appear  to  be  different  indi- 
viduals once  their  eyes  are  straight.  As 
mentioned  before,  the  field  of  orthop- 
tics should  also  be  introduced  to  the 
parents,  if  not  previously  done.  The 
prevention  of  eye  accidents  among 
school  children  is  an  important  func- 
tion of  the  school  nurse.  She  may  do 
this  when  developing  the  children's  ap- 
preciation of  their  sight.  Relating  one 
of  many  fireworks  accidents  may  have 
a  beneficial  influence.  Any  blow  to  the 
eye,  or  foreign  body  embedded  in  the 
eye,  should  be  promptly  referred  to  an 
oculist. 

The  most  evident  advance  in  the 
educational  field  for  children  with  eye 
defects  is  the  sight  saving  class,  with  its 
special  equipment  and  specially  trained 
teachers.  On  visiting  one  of  these  classes 
it  is  found  there  is  a  limited  number  of 
pupils  in  the  classroom,  never  more  than 
fifteen.  The  pupils'  desks,  which  vary 
in  size  and  are  adjustable  with  tilted 
tops,  are  placed  at  an  angle  to  the  black- 
board so  that  the  light  falls  over  the 
left  shoulder.  To  avoid  any  glare  of 
light  the  windows  are  equipped  with 
double  adjustable  shades,  and  the  desks, 
woodwork  and  black-boards  are  all  in 
a  dull  finish.  Paper  on  which  the  child- 
ren wrif^e  is  also  of  a  dull  finish,  buff  in 
colour  with  green  lines.  Carloader's 
chalk  is  used.  Pencils  which  the  pupils 
use  are  large  soft  lead  pencils,  and  for 


Vol.   38  No.   5 


THE   LAMP   OF   LEARNING 


319 


pen  and  ink  work  these  children  have 
ball  point  pens  and  black  India  ink. 
For  their  short  reading  periods  they 
have  books  with  special  24-point  type. 
To  save  their  eyes  for  wrif'en  work, 
the  children  learn  to  type  on  a  type- 
writer with  enlarged  type  and  heavily 
inked  ribbon.  As  much  as  possible  of 
the  classroom  work  is  done  orally. 
There  is  a  variety  of  grades  in  the 
class,    hence    the    pupils    receive    almost 


individual  attention.  In  order  to  keep 
the  children  with  the  other  school  child- 
ren of  their  own  age  and  grade,  they 
leave  the  sight  saving  class  and  attend 
the  regular  class  of  the  school  for  such 
subjects  as  singing,  social  studies,  etc. 

The  advances  in  psychology  and 
mental  hygiene  also  play  an  important 
part  in  assisting  both  nurse  and  teacher 
to  help  the  handicapped  child  readjust 
psychologically,    socially,    and    mentally. 


A  Correction 


nurses    in    the    employ   of    the    ^^etropolitan   J  /j^ 


In  an  article  entitled  "Public  Health  Nurses 

in   Canada"  which  appeared  in  the  January  Life  Insurance  Company  in  1940.  Of  the  76 

1942  issue  of  The  Canadian  Nurse  an  error  nurses  so  engaged,  66  were  French,  and  of  / 

was  made  in  the  figures  indicating  the  num-  these  53.  or  80.3  per  cent,  were  fully  qualified/ 

hers  of  French-speaking  and  English-speaking  holders  of  public  health  certificates.  ' 


At  the  General  Meeting 


The  report  on  the  study  of  the  minimum 
qualifications  for  employment  of  public 
health  nurses,  which  has  been  carried  on 
throughout  this  winter  by  all  the  Provincial 
Sections,  will  occupy  a  considerable  part  of 
the  program  for  the  session  of  the  national 
Public  Health  Section  which  is  to  be  held 
during  the  General  Meeting  of  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association.  It  is  too  early  yet  to 
make  any  prophecy  as  to  the  outcome  of  the 
studies  that  have  been  made,  but  all  public 
health  nurses  who  are  able  to  attend  the 
General  Meeting  are  urged  to  discuss  the 
various    problems    with    their    associates    so 


that  there  may  be  representative  discussion 
of  the  numerous  details.  This  spring  the  na- 
tional executive  of  the  Public  Health  Section, 
at  the  request  of  the  Executive  Committee 
of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association,  under- 
took to_jtudy  and  formulate  standards  for 
the  training  of  public  health  nurses.  This 
is  a  very  logical  progression  from  the  es- 
tablishment of  minimum  qualifications,  and 
should  prove  a  very  valuable  guide  to  the 
Universities  of  Canada  which  offer  courses 
in  public  health  nursing.  Come  and  discuss 
the  findings  with  us. 

— M.  E.  K. 


O.N.S.A.  News  Letter 


The  seventeenth  annual  meeting  of  the 
Toronto  Unit  was  held  recently  with  seventy 
members  present.  The  comprehensive  reports 
received  indicate  that  a  large  amount  of  work 
is  being  carried  on  by  the  members  of  the 
largest  unit  in  Canada.  Five  members  of  the 
unit  are  now  in  charge  of  first  aid  posts  in 
Toronto    in    connection    with    A.R.P.    plans. 


The  war  work  convener,  Mrs.  R.  Jamieson, 
gave  an  excellent  report  on  the  work  of  the 
club  in  its  varied  branches :  knitting,  packing 
of  parcels  for  prisoners  of  war,  blood  donors 
group,  the  I.O.D.E.,  every  department  of  the 
Red  Cross,  civilian  defense,  and  home  and 
school  groups.  The  club  also  gave  a  library 
cart    to    Camp    Borden    Military    Hospital. 


MAY,  1942' 


320 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


Mrs.  Shields,  who  had  undertaken  respon- 
sibility for  the  knitting  and  distribution  of 
wool,  gave  a  separate  report.  She  said  that, 
in  answer  to  requests,  the  club  had  promptly 
sent  garments  to  the  coast-guards  at  Bowen- 
chalke.  England,  the  mine  laying  patrol  at 
Saint  John,  N.B.,  the  naval  base  at  Grimsby, 
England,  and  the  royal  mission  for  deep 
sea  fishermen.  Sweaters  were  sent  at  the 
request  of  the  Red  Cross  for  the  tank  divi- 
sions. A  total  of  1466  garments  have  been 
knitted.  The  report  of  the  war  work  fund 
reveals  that  the  collections  are  $1932.76,  and 
the  expenditures,  $1840.79. 

A  minute's  silence  was  observed  in  me- 
mory of  the  five  members  who  have  died 
during  the  year. 

The  following  officers  were  elected  for 
1942 :  president.  Miss  P.  Alorrison ;  vice- 
president.  Mrs.  N.  Sharp;  treasurer,  Mrs. 
K.  C.  Bricker ;  recording  secretary,  Mrs. 
L.  Cunningham ;  corresponding  secretary. 
Mrs.  T.  A.  James ;  convener  for  packing 
parcels  for  prisoners  of  war,  Mrs.  R.  Jamie- 
son  ;  convener  of  war  work,  Mrs.  G.  Storey ; 
councillors  and  chairmen  of  committees : 
Mrs.  G.  Bevan,  Misses  C.  Ross,  J.  McDon- 
ald, M.  Hodge.  A.  Grindley,  A.  Copeland, 
Mrs.  L.  Cody,  Mrs.  H.  Shields,  Mrs.  W.  G. 
Hanna,  Mrs.  G.  Royce. 

The  IV  ill  III  peg  Unit  recently  held  its  an- 
nual meeting.  The  Red  Cross  convener  re- 
ported that  2032  surgical  dressings  had  been 
made  and  149  articles  had  been  knitted.  A 
donation  of  $25  was  voted  to  the  British 
Nurses  Relief  Fund.  We  are  indebted  to 
Mrs.  F.  A.  Macneil,  unit  secretary,  for  an 
interesting  contribution  covering  nursing  his- 
tory in  the  province  of  Manitoba. 


The  following  officers  were  elected  for 
1942:  president,  Miss  N.  Shaughnessy;  vice- 
president,  Mrs.  W.  A.  Shearer ;  secretary- 
treasurer.  Mrs.  F.  A.  Macneil ;  secretary- 
treasurer  for  war  charities,  Mrs.  J.  D.  Moul- 
den :  chairmen  of  committees :  Mrs.  T. 
Hulme,  Mrs.  L.  D.  Collins,  Mrs.  N.  Smith, 
Misses  A.  Mitchell,  I.  Barton,  E.  Hudson; 
advisory  committee :  Mrs.  Hamblin,  Mrs.  C. 
\  .  Coombe,  Afiss  M.  Simpsoii. 

To  our  members  of  the  Calgary  Unit  we 
send  a  vote  of  thanks  for  their  additional 
contribution  of  $125  to  the  British  Nurses 
Relief  Fund.  During  a  regular  general  meet- 
ing held  recently  there  was  a  discussion  con- 
cerning the  appeals  from  the  Wartime  Prices 
and  Trade  Board,  and  pamphlets  were  dis- 
tributed. The  press  reporter  for  the  unit, 
Mrs.  W.  Paterson,  revealed  that  Miss  A.  M. 
Gee  was  hostess  to  the  unit  in  March.  The 
president.  Miss  Lavell,  announced  that  the 
funds  had  been  increased  by  an  evening  en- 
tertainment at  which  Mr.  S.  R.  Vallance 
showed  pictures  in  technicolour  of  unfre- 
quented by-ways  in  the  Rockies.  The  constitu- 
tion and  by-laws  of  our  association  were 
given  deliberation  and  discussion.  A  rum- 
mage sale  is  being  planned  as  part  of  the  ef- 
fort to  raise  funds  for  the  British  Nurses 
ReJief  Fund. 

Miss  Charlotte  Nixon,  R.  R.  C,  member 
of  the  Montreal  Unit,  is  once  again  on  active 
service,  having  recently  been  appointed  to  the 
R.C.A.M.C.  Miss  Edith  Rayside  was  lunch- 
eon guest  in  Montreal  following  a  meeting 
of  the  History  of  Nursing  Committee. 

E.  Fr.\xces  Upton, 
Secretary-treasurer. 


Give  to  the  Canadian  Red  Cross! 


From  May  11  to  27  the  Canadian  Red 
Cross  Society  will  conduct  a  campaign  for 
funds.  Every  nurse  knows  how  essential  it 
is  that  the  Society  shall  continue  to  serve 
the  wounded  men  of  our  fighting  forces 
and  our  gallant  merchant  navy.  Prisoners 
of  war,  refugees,  internees  in  Nazi  concen- 
tration camps,  must  not  look  in  vain  for  aid 


and  comfort.  Nor  must  the  needs  of  the 
home  front  be  overlooked.  Outpost  hospitals, 
travelling  dental  clinics,  and  other  health 
services  must  be  kept  going.  Blood  banks 
must  be  maintained  to  meet  emergency  de- 
mands. Home  nursing  classes  must  be  con- 
tinued. Help  the  Red  Cross  to  carry  on, 
no  matter  what  happens ! 


Vol.   38   No.   5 


HOSPITALS   &    SCHOOLS    of  NURSING 


Contributed  by   the   Hospital   and   School  of   Nursing   Section   of  the   C.   N.   A. 


Motion  and  Time  Study 

Frances  Waugh,  B.  A. 


In  recent  years  the  combined  use  of 
motion  study  and  time  study  has  be- 
come widespread  and  we  have  now 
found  use  for  it  in  our  nursing  proce- 
dures. In  the  following  paragraphs,  I 
would  like  to  give  a  brief  description  of 
the  course  in  "Motion  and  Time  Stu- 
dy" as  taken  by  the  writer  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Minnesota  in  June  1941. 

Taking  cognizance  of  present  trends 
and  recognizing  the  fact  that  motion 
study  always  precedes  the  setting  of  a 
time  standard,  we  shall  use  the  term 
motion  and  time  study  as  referring  to 
this  broad  field  and  having  the  follow- 
ing purposes:  (1)  to  find  the  most  eco- 
nomical way  of  doing  a  piece  of  work; 
(2)  standardizing  the  methods,  mate- 
rials, tools  and  equipment  used;  (3) 
accurately  determining  the  time  required 
by  an  average  worker  to  do  the  task; 
(4)  training  the  worker  in  the  new 
method.  While  our  purpose  was  pri- 
marily designed  for  method  study,  and 
to  eliminate  rather  than  speed  up  ac- 
tions, it  would  be  desirable  to  keep  in 
mind  that  any  recommendation  made 
for  improvement  of  an  operation  must 
pay  for  itself  in  some  definite  period  of 
time;  that  is  we  must  present  our  find- 
ings in  dollars  and  cents. 

The  entire  process  of  a  procedure 
should    be    studied    before    undertaking 


a  thorough  investigation  of  a  specific 
operation;  therefore,  our  first  step  was 
to  develop  an  attitude  toward  our  prob- 
lem —  for  example,  reasons  why  pre- 
sent procedure  was  not  satisfactory,  the 
human  element,  what  others  think,  ex- 
tensiveness  of  the  job,  anticipated  life 
of  the  job,  wage  rate,  qualifications  of 
employee  required,  equipment  required, 
etc. 

In  every  hospital,  students  and  me- 
thods differ.  We  chose  "taking  patients' 
temperatures"  as  our  procedure,  an  aver- 
age student  and  an  average  method.  In 
the  University  Hospital,  each  nurse  took 
her  own  patients'  temperatures  twice 
a  day  and  one  nurse  took  all  the  elevated 
temperatures  four  times  a  day.  We 
observed  a  student  nurse  on  station 
30  taking  elevated  temperatures  on 
what  is  called  a  process  chart.  We 
recorded  in  order,  each  step  she  took 
from  the  time  she  checked  the  thermo- 
meters out  at  the  desk  until  she  brought 
them  back.  Then  on  a  layout  plan 
drawn  to  scale,  we  traced  the  path  of 
the  nurse  and  the  actual  distance  cov- 
ered. We  then  examined  the  process 
chart  and  revised  it  according  to  our 
suggested  improvements.  On  a  second 
layout  plan,  we  traced  the  path  of  the 
nurse  taking  temf>eratures  according  to 
our  improved  process  chart.  In  compar- 


MAY,  1942 


321 


322 


THE    CANADIAN   NURSE 


ing  the  distances  covered  and  the  time 
saved  we  came  to  our  conclusions: 

Of  the  two  utih'ty  rooms  available, 
the  most  centrally  located  should  be 
used. 

A  more  convenient  tray  was  made 
which  carried  both  rectal  and  mouth 
thermometers  and  also  supported  a  small 
book  and  pencil  to  take  the  place  of  the 
very  large  book  being  used.  This  also 
meant  that  the  tray  did  not  have  to  be 
set  down  while  each  temperature  was 
recorded. 

Four  thermometers  could  be  given 
out  at  a  time  instead  of  two,  eliminating 
the  wait  for  thermometer  to  register. 

Making  two  trips  instead  of  three 
into  each  ward. 

Use  of  sodium  oleate  .2  per  cent  in 
the  bichloride  solutions  thus  speeding 
up  sterilization  from  five  minutes  to 
one  minute. 

The  study  showed  that  it  was  pos- 
sible to  reduce  by  938  feet  the  distance 
covered  while  carrying  on  a  single  pro- 


cedure. Since  it  was  necessary  to  repeat 
this  procedure  four  times  daily,  this 
meant  a  reduction  of  3752  feet  per 
day,  or  258  miles  a  year.  Other  sur- 
prising results  were  obtained  from  an 
analysis  of  procedures  such  as  passing 
ice  water,  and  assembling  instruments 
for  operative  sets. 

This  concluded  the  actual  procedure 
investigation.  Before  we  finished  our 
course,  however,  we  were  introduced 
to  a  further  method  of  investigation 
called  "micromation",  which  is  defined 
as  the  study  of  the  fundamental  ele- 
ments or  subdivisions  of  a  cycle  of  mo- 
tions by  means  of  a  motion  picture 
camera  and  a  timing  device  which  ac- 
curately indicates  the  time  intervals  on 
the  film.  The  purpose  of  micromation 
is  to  train  one  in  efficiency,  thorough- 
ness and  proficiency  in  applying  motion 
economy  principles.  Perhaps  this  further 
study  will  prove  to  be  even  more  bene- 
ficial to  our  profession  than  the  motion 
and  time  study. 


Obituaries 


Mrs.  O.  E.  Ellis  (Annie  G.  Ket- 
chen)  died  recently  at  Hazelet,  Saskat- 
chewan. Mrs.  Ellis  was  a  graduate  of 
the  School  of  Nursing  of  the  Montreal 
General  Hospital,  and  a  member  of  the 
Class  of  1919. 


Louisa  Eastwood  Bruce  died  on 
March  3,  1942.  Mrs.  Bruce  was  a  grad- 
uate of  the  School  of  Nursing  of  the 
Toronto  General  Hospital,  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Class  of  1888.  After  serving 
as  assistant  superintendent  of  nurses  in 
the  Toronto  General  Hospital,  she  was 
appointed    superintendent    of    nurses    at 


the  Guelph  General  Hospital,  and  later 
became  superintendent  of  nurses  at  the 
Nicholls  Memorial  Hospital,  Peterbo- 
rough. Mrs.  Bruce  had  a  fine  mind  and 
took  a  keen  interest  in  world  events. 
Throughout  her  long  and  active  career, 
Mrs.  Bruce  rendered  loyal  and  devoted 
service  for  which  she  will  be  long  re- 
membered. 


Audrey  Taylor  died  on  March  7, 
1942,  after  a  short  illness.  She  was  a 
graduate  of  the  School  of  Nursing  of 
the  Winnipeg  General  Hospital,  and  a 
member  of  the  Class  of  1928. 


VoL  38  No.  5 


STUDENT   NURSES   PAGE 


A  Nursing  Study  of  Acoustic  Neuroma 

Almena  Keddy 

Student  Nurse 

School  of  Nursing,  Toronto  General   Hosfital 


Mrs.  B.,  a  farmer's  wife,  was  forty- 
one  years  of  age.  Seven  years  previous 
to  her  admission  to  the  hospital  she  had 
an  operation  for  cholecystectomy,  appen- 
dectomy and  exploration  of  the  pelvis. 
She  enjoyed  working  hard  in  her  home 
and  outside  in  her  garden.  Mrs.  B.  was 
natural,  sincere  and  intelligent.  She  pos- 
sessed a  pleasing  personality  and  a  great 
deal  of  courage.  In  December,  1940, 
she  developed  a  persistent  headache  for 
which  there  seemed  no  apparent  cause. 
Thinking  it  would  soon  disappear,  she 
went  to  bed  each  night  hoping  it  would 
be  gone  when  she  awoke  the  next  morn- 
ing. Being  an  unselfish  woman,  and  not 
realizing  the  warning  the  headache  was 
trying  to  give  her,  she  went  about  her 
daily  work  without  complaining.  This 
headache  persisted  for  about  six  months. 
All  this  time  Mrs.  B.  tried  to  carry  on 
in  her  usual  cheerful,  helpful  way.  One 
morning  early  in  July  1941  she  noticed, 
while  dressing,  that  the  room  seemed  to 
swim  around  her.  She  ate  her  breakfast 
as  usual,  but  as  soon  as  she  was  finished 
she  became  nauseated  and  vomited. 
After  vomiting  she  felt  a  little  better 
but  as  soon  as  she  ate  something  the 
nausea  returned.  As  the  nausea  and 
dizziness  continued  for  several  days 
the  family  doctor  was  called.  He  noted 


that  the  vision  in  her  right  eye  was  di- 
minished, also  that  the  hearing  in  her 
right  ear  was  impaired.  After  a  careful 
examination,  the  doctor  suspected  a 
tumour  of  the  brain.  Realizing  that 
prompt  attention  was  necessary,  he 
brought  Mrs.  B.  to  the  Toronto  Gen- 
eral Hospital. 

A  persistent  headache  for  which  no 
apparent  cause  can  be  found  is  often 
the  first  warning  of  the  possible  presence 
of  a  tumour  of  the  brain.  This  may  or 
may  not  be  supplemented  by  mild,  puz- 
zling, neurological  signs  such  as  loss  of 
the  sense  of  smell,  decreased  hearing 
or  buzzing  in  the  ears.  As  soon  as  any 
of  these  signs  or  symptoms  are  noted  a 
doctor  should  be  consulted.  It  is  impor- 
tant for  the  nurse  in  the  home,  hospital 
or  community  to  realize  the  importance 
of  early  attention.  An  early  diagnosis 
means  a  better  prognosis.  Later  symp- 
toms which  may  occur  are  dizziness, 
blurring  of  vision,  nausea,  (which  even- 
tually causes  loss  of  weight),  deafness, 
ataxia  and  paralysis.  Sometimes  there 
is  restlessness,  then  drowsiness,  succeeded 
by  stupor  and  finally  deep  unconscious- 
ness with  a  change  in  the  respirations, 
heart  rate,  temperature  and  blood  pres- 
sure, termina*"ing  in  death.  At  the  pres- 
ent time  the  treatment  for  a  brain  tu- 


MAY,  1942 


323 


326 


THE    CANADIAN   NURSE 


that  her  eye  which  was  usually  protected 
from  the  dust  and  air  was  unprotected. 
Conjunctivitis  developed  but  was  soon 
healed.  The  eye  was  irrigated  with  a 
1 :20  solution  of  boracic  three  times  a 
day  and  covered  with  a  watchglass  for 
a  few  days.  The  watchglass  was  kept 
in  place  by  a  border  of  adhesive.  The 
sixth  day  after  her  operation,  the  stitches 
were  removed  by  a  doctor.  The  wound 
had  healed  beautifully.  There  was  no 
sign  of  infection.  A  dry  dressing  was 
apphed  but  was  removed  several  days 
later. 

During  her  post-operative  illness,  she 
voided  regularly  and  without  difficulty. 
These  patients  should  be  watched  care- 
fully. If  they  are  unable  to  void  they 
must  be  catheterized  every  eight  hours. 
Her  bowels  were  regulated  by  oil  and 
enemas.  The  enemas  were  always  or- 
dered by  the  head  nurse  because  it  is 
dangerous  to  give  enemas  to  people  with 
increased  intra-cranial  pressure  or  in 
post-operative  cases.  There  is  always  in- 
creased pressure  and  danger  of  hemor- 
rhage following  an  operation  on  the 
brain.  Mrs.  B.  needed  no  sedative;  if  she 
had  been  restless  she  might  have  been 
given  aspirin,  phenacetin  and  caffeine 
tablets  or  phenobarbital  in  some  form 
either  by  mouth  or  hypodermic.  She 
would  not  have  been  given  morphia 
for,  as  already  stated,  it  masks  the  state 
of  consciousness  and  one  cannot  get  a 
true  picture   of  the   patient's  condition. 

Mrs.  B.  progressed  very  well.  A  little 


improvement  was  noticeable  each  day. 
Soon  she  began  to  take  an  interest  in  her 
surroundings.  Later,  she  sat  on  the  edge 
of  the  bed  for  a  few  minutes  and  the 
next  day  she  was  allowed  to  be  up  in 
a  chair.  This  was  a  very  happy  moment 
for  her.  She  still  had  no  control  over 
the  muscles  on  the  right  side  of  her  face 
and  the  hearing  was  destroyed  perma- 
nently in  her  right  ear.  As  soon  as  she 
was  strong  enough,  the  glossopharyngeal 
nerve  was  anastomosed  to  the  peripheral 
portion  of  the  seventh  nerve.  By  re-edu- 
cation, the  motor  impulses  to  the  peri- 
pheral end  of  the  seventh  nerve  would 
be  supplied  by  the  glossopharyngeal 
nerve;  that  is,  the  paralysis  would  grad- 
ually disappear.  But  when  she  went 
home  a  few  weeks  later  there  was  no 
sign  of  recovery.  The  hearing  in  her 
right  ear  was  gone  forever  but  she  was 
happy.  The  doctor  had  saved  her  life. 
She  said  good-bye,  bubbling  over  with 
gratitude  for  everything  that  had  been 
done  for  her. 

This  benign  tumour  just  grew.  There 
is  no  known  cause  for  a  brain  tumour. 
Therefore  nothing  could  have  been  done 
to  prevent  it.  Mrs.  B.  is  very  lucky  that 
it  was  discovered  when  it  was.  Delay 
would,  no  doubt,  have  meant  loss  of 
function  of  many  parts  of  her  body,  if 
not  ultimate  death  within  a  few  months. 
The  important  thing  is  to  be  able  to 
recognize  the  symptoms  and  act  at  once. 
The  public  should  be  taught  this,  and 
many  lives  could  thus  be  saved. 


A  Deeper  Insighf 


Under  the  auspices  of  McGill  University, 
and  with  the  co-operation  of  the  McGill 
School  for  Graduate  Nurses  and  the  Verdun 
Protestant  Hospital,  between  60  and  70 
graduate  nurses,  public  health,  private 
duty  and  hospital  head  nurses  were  given  a 
better    idea    of    the    application    of    certain 


special  techniques  and  an  additional  inter- 
esting point  of  view  in  nursing.  On  ten 
successive  Thursday  nights  we  were  lost 
in  the  background  of  psychiatry,  the  fun- 
damentals of  mental  health  and  the  recogni- 
tion of  essential  variations  from  the  normal. 
From  the  purely  technical  at  first,  we  next 


Vol.  38  No.  5 


ACOUSTIC  NEUROMA 


325 


crease  secretions  of  the  lungs. 

An  anaesthetic  bed  was  made  and 
taken  to  the  door  of  the  operating  room. 
This  bed  differed  from  an  ordinary  ana- 
esthetic bed  as  the  position  of  the  head 
and  feet  are  reversed  to  facilitate  dres- 
ing  the  wounds. 

At  8  a.m.,  Mrs.  B.  was  taken  to  the 
operating  room.  After  her  head  was 
shaved  by  a  skilled  person,  the  skin  was 
prepared  with  bichloride  solution  and 
alcohol.  She  was  placed  in  the  sitting 
position,  with  her  legs  and  abdomen 
bound  to  help  maintain  her  blood  pres- 
sure. By  means  of  an  incision  in  the 
right  occipital  region,  which  looks  like 
a  question  mark  backwards,  bone  was 
chipped  out  revealing  the  right  cere- 
bellum. Part  of  the  cerebellar  lobe  was 
cut  away  in  order  to  remove  the  tumour 
which  was  adherent  to  the  eighth  cranial 
nerve.  Both  the  seventh  and  eighth  cra- 
nial nerves  were  cut.  All  the  other 
nerves  were  saved.  The  wound  was 
closed  and  she  was  placed  in  her  warmed 
bed  in  Fowler's  position.  Unconscious 
and  breathing  with  the  aid  of  an  airway, 
she  was  taken  directly  to  the  ward. 

The  nurse,  who  stayed  with  her  con- 
tinually until  she  became  fully  conscious, 
had  collected  everything  necessary  for 
her  care  on  the  bedside  table.  There 
were  the  usual  instruments  for  post- 
operative care,  clinical  record  forms,  a 
crajiio-cerebral  injury  chart,  a  pen  and 
ink.  A  clinical  record  was  kept.  Every- 
thing the  nurse  did  for  Mrs.  B.  and 
everything  she  observed  about  her  were 
recorded.  Her  temperature,  which  was 
taken  by  rectum,  was  normal.  Her  pulse 
and  respirations  were  also  satisfactory. 
They  were  counted  every  five  minutes 
till  she  regained  consciousness.  The  dres- 
sing on  her  wound  was  free  from  blood. 
A  blood  transfusion  which  was  started 
in  the  operating  room  was  still  flowing. 
When  only  fifty  cubic  centimetres  re- 
mained it  was  discontinued  by  an  interne. 

MAY,  194Z 


The  remaining  blood  was  sent  to  the 
laboratory  where  it  was  examined.  Often 
normal  saline  is  given  intravenously  to 
help  compensate  for  the  blood  which 
has  been  lost  during  the  operation. 

The  cranio-cerebral  injury  chart  was 
in  the  form  of  a  graph.  On  it  her  rectal 
temperature  was  recorded  every  hour 
and  her  pulse  and  respirations  every  half 
hour.  They  did  not  vary  during  the 
twenty-four  hours  following  her  opera- 
tion and  the  chart  was  discontinued  by 
the  head  nurse.  Any  brain  operation  is 
really  a  head  injury  performed  under 
aseptic  conditions.  It  is  easier  to  discover 
signs  of  post-operative  shock  and  hemor- 
rhage early  by  careful  conscientious  re- 
cording on  this  chart. 

After  Mrs.  B.  regained  consciousness, 
she  was  allowed  to  rinse  her  mouth  with 
water  but  not  to  swallow.  Her  swallow- 
ing reflex  was  weak  from  the  disturbance 
of  the  brain  tissue  during  the  operation. 
For  this  reason  a  duodenal  tube  was  in- 
serted and  she  was  given  twenty-four 
hundred  cubic  centimetres  of  nourishing 
fluids  in  twenty-four  hours.  She  received 
two  hundred  cubic  centimetres  every 
two  hours.  A  few  days  later  the  tube 
was  removed  and  she  was  given  foods 
that  could  be  swallowed  easily  such  as 
creamed  and  pureed  foods.  Gradually 
she  learned  to  swallow  any  food  and 
soon  gained  strength. 

For  the  first  few  days  Mrs.  B.  slept 
most  of  the  time.  She  was  often  aroused 
to  assure  the  nurse  she  was  sleeping  and 
not  unconscious.  She  enjoyed  her  daily 
baths  and  frequent  alcohol  back-rubs. 
The  greatest  care  was  taken,  while  she 
was  turned,  to  protect  the  sutured  mus- 
cles in  the  back  of  her  neck.  Everything 
possible  was  done  to  make  her  more  com- 
fortable. She  expressed  great  apprecia- 
tion for  everything  that  was  done  for 
her. 

Mrs.  B.  had  no  control  of  the  muscles 
in  the  lid  of  her  right  eye.  This  meant 


326 


THE    CANADIAN   NURSE 


that  her  eye  which  was  usually  protected 
from  the  dust  and  air  was  unprotected. 
Conjunctivitis  developed  but  was  soon 
healed.  The  eye  was  irrigated  with  a 
1 :20  solution  of  boracic  three  times  a 
day  and  covered  with  a  watchglass  for 
a  few  days.  The  watchglass  was  kept 
in  place  by  a  border  of  adhesive.  The 
sixth  day  after  her  operation,  the  stitches 
were  removed  by  a  doctor.  The  wound 
had  healed  beautifully.  There  was  no 
sign  of  infection.  A  dry  dressing  was 
applied  but  was  removed  several  days 
later. 

During  her  post-operative  illness,  she 
voided  regularly  and  without  difficulty. 
These  patients  should  be  watched  care- 
fully. If  they  are  unable  to  void  they 
must  be  catheterized  every  eight  hours. 
Her  bowels  were  regulated  by  oil  and 
enemas.  The  enemas  were  always  or- 
dered by  the  head  nurse  because  it  is 
dangerous  to  give  enemas  to  people  with 
increased  intra-cranial  pressure  or  in 
post-operative  cases.  There  is  always  in- 
creased pressure  and  danger  of  hemor- 
rhage following  an  operation  on  the 
brain.  Mrs.  B.  needed  no  sedative;  if  she 
had  been  restless  she  might  have  been 
given  aspirin,  phenacetin  and  caffeine 
tablets  or  phenobarbital  in  some  form 
either  by  mouth  or  hypodermic.  She 
would  not  have  been  given  morphia 
for,  as  already  stated,  it  masks  the  state 
of  consciousness  and  one  cannot  get  a 
true   picture   of  the   patient's  condition. 

Mrs.  B.  progressed  very  well.  A  httle 


improvement  was  noticeable  each  day. 
Soon  she  began  to  take  an  interest  in  her 
surroundings.  Later,  she  sat  on  the  edge 
of  the  bed  for  a  few  minutes  and  the 
next  day  she  was  allowed  to  be  up  in 
a  chair.  This  was  a  very  happy  moment 
for  her.  She  still  had  no  control  over 
the  muscles  on  the  right  side  of  her  face 
and  the  hearing  was  destroyed  perma- 
nently in  her  right  ear.  As  soon  as  she 
was  strong  enough,  the  glossopharyngeal 
nerve  was  anastomosed  to  the  peripheral 
portion  of  the  seventh  nerve.  By  re-edu- 
cation, the  motor  impulses  to  the  peri- 
pheral end  of  the  seventh  nerve  would 
be  supplied  by  the  glossopharyngeal 
nerve;  that  is,  the  paralysis  would  grad- 
ually disappear.  But  when  she  went 
home  a  few  weeks  later  there  was  no 
sign  of  recovery.  The  hearing  in  her 
right  ear  was  gone  forever  but  she  was 
happy.  The  doctor  had  saved  her  life. 
She  said  good-bye,  bubbling  over  with 
gratitude  for  everything  that  had  been 
done  for  her. 

This  benign  tumour  just  grew.  There 
is  no  known  cause  for  a  brain  tumour. 
Therefore  nothing  could  have  been  done 
to  prevent  it.  Mrs.  B.  is  very  lucky  that 
it  was  discovered  when  it  was.  Delay 
would,  no  doubt,  have  meant  loss  of 
function  of  many  parts  of  her  body,  if 
not  ultimate  death  within  a  few  months. 
The  important  thing  is  to  be  able  to 
recognize  the  symptoms  and  act  at  once. 
The  public  should  be  taught  this,  and 
many  lives  could  thus  be  saved. 


A  Deeper  Insight 


Under  the  auspices  of  McGill  University, 
and  with  the  co-operation  of  the  McGill 
School  for  Graduate  Nurses  and  the  Verdun 
Protestant  Hospital,  between  60  and  70 
graduate  nurses,  public  health,  private 
duty  and  hospital  head  nurses  were  given  a 
better    idea    of    the    application    of    certain 


special  techniques  and  an  additional  inter- 
esting point  of  view  in  nursing.  On  ten 
successive  Thursday  nights  we  were  lost 
in  the  background  of  psychiatry,  the  fun- 
damentals of  mental  health  and  the  recogni- 
tion of  essential  variations  from  the  normal. 
From  the  purely  technical  at  first,  we  next 


Vol.  38  No.  5 


A   TRIBUTE    TO    ANN    BAILLIE 


327 


listened  to  case  histories,  which  illustrated 
the  points  so  well  made.  We  saw  the  diffi- 
culties that  wartime  stress  and  strain  could 
cause  and  were  causing,  and  realized  the 
problems  that  must  necessarily  be  associated 
with  any  reconstruction  period.  Then,  in  the 
last  four  lectures,  we  saw  with  our  own 
eyes  demonstrations  of  the  different  types 
of  cases  and  the  newer  treatments  with  elec- 
tricity and  insulin,  which  are  proving  their 
power  to  make  life  new  once  again  for  so 
many.  As  we  listened  and  pondered,  we  felt 
that  we  had  gained  in  these  ten  weeks  a 
deeper  insight  into  the  mental  side  of  life, 
a  keener  understanding  of  and  sympathy  for 


our  own  patients,  many  of  whom  we  now 
realize  are  just  starting  on  a  journey  away 
from  reality.  Best  of  all,  there  was  a  feeling 
of  hopefulness  and  deep  relief  that  it  can 
no  longer  be  said :  "Who  can  minister  to  a 
mind  diseased?" 

We  wish  to  thank  McGill  University  for 
sponsoring  this  course  and  also,  and  very 
particularly,  the  McGill  School  for  Graduate 
Nurses,  and  the  medical  and  nursing  staff 
of  the  Verdun  Protestant  Hospital,  who 
spared  no  time  or  trouble  to  help  us  on  the 
road  of  knowledge. 

— Rose  Mary  Tansey. 


A  Tribute  to  Ann  Baillie 


In  the  March  issue  of  the  Journal,  re- 
ference has  already  been  made  to  the  loss 
that  the  nursing  profession  has  sustained  in 
the  death  of  Ann  Baillie.  The  following 
excerpts  are  taken  from  a  sincere  and  moving 
tribute  paid  to  her  by  a  member  of  the  medical 
profession  in  Kingston : 

Of  Miss  Baillie  it  may  be  said  that  she 
belonged  to  the  fortunate  class  of  people  who 
find  in  their  work  a  true  expression  of 
their  gifts.  Here,  in  the  calling  which  was 
to  absorb  the  effort  of  a  lifetime,  she  found 
the  means  by  which  she  could  lay  on  the  altar 
of   service,   the   best   that   was   in   her. 

Whatever  plans  the  young  graduate  nurse 
may  have  had  for  the  future  were  given  a 
new  turn  by  the  outbreak  of  war  in  1914. 
As  might  have  been  expected  of  her,  Miss 
Baillie  lost  no  time  in  placing  her  services 
at  the  disposal  of  the  mihtary  authorities. 
From  the  moment  her  Unit  began  to  discharge 
the  functions  for  which  it  was  organized. 
Miss  Baillie  was  assigned  to  duty  in  the 
operating  rooms.  Through  the  Egyptian 
autumn  and  winter,  the  Unit  remained  in 
Cairo  but  the  need  for  hospital  facilities 
disappeared  and  brought  about  a  transfer 
to  a  point  behind  the  battle  lines  in  France. 
In  the  new  scene,  Miss  Baillie  continued  in 
charge  of  the  operating  rooms.  Day  after  day 


for  many  months  she  discharged  her  duties, 
with  an  untiring  buoyancy  of  spirits  which 
was  a  peculiar  boon  in  the  stress  and  tenseness 
of  the  time.  There  were  no  complaints ;  and 
never  a  difficulty  which  was  not  smilingly 
surmounted.  Those  who  saw  her  at  this 
time,  and  knew  later  of  her  work  in  Kingston, 


Ann  Baillie 


MAY,  1942 


328 


THE    CANADIAN   NURSE 


realize  that  here  in  Etaples  were  developed 
and  matured  those  qualities  which  enabled 
her  to  carry  successfully  the  burdens  of  the 
important  position  in  civil  life  to  which  she 
gave  her  best  years.  For  meritorious  service 
and  a  high  standard  of  conduct,  Miss  Baillie 
was  awarded  the  R.R.C.  and  mentioned  in 
Despatches,  recognitions  never  more  fit- 
tingly  bestowed. 

At  the  close  of  the  war  and  during  a  period 
of  advanced  training,  the  door  of  opportunity 
was  opened  to  Miss  Baillie  by  an  invitation 
from  the  Kingston  General  Hospital  to  take 
the ,  position  of  superintendent  of  nurses  in 
the  School  from  which  she  had  graduated 
fourteen  years  previously.  In  accepting  this 
offer  she  finally  made  choice  of  the  field  in 
which  her  qualities  were  to  find  full  ex- 
pression. Within  its  boundaries,  she  was 
destined  for  eighteen  years  to  expend  her 
fine  abilities  and  play  an  important  part  in 
reorganizing  and  reshaping  one  of  Canada's 


foremost  Nursing  Schools.  From  this  mo- 
ment her  life  merges  with  the  history  of 
Kingston  General  Hospital. 

As  the  end  of  life  came  in  sight  it  was 
evident  to  those  who  worked  with  her  that 
it  would  be  faced  with  no  slackening  of 
courage.  Ann  Baillie  accepted  the  verdict  of 
fate,  undaunted.  She  expressed  the  hope 
that  the  days  of  her  inactivity  might  be 
few;  that  she  might  continue  with  her  work 
as  long  as  possible.  There  was  no  fear;  only 
regret  that  her  work  would  no  longer  con- 
tinue in  the  scenes  she  loved.  Subsequent 
action  by  the  Hospital  Governors  has  given 
to  the  residence  the  official  designation  of  the 
Ann  Baillie  Home  for  Nurses.  Her  portrait, 
in  this  memorial  building,  will  call  the  atten- 
tion of  those  who  enjoy  its  comforts  to  the 
fact  that  they  are  indebted  in  no  small  meas- 
ure to  the  superintendent  whose  likeness  is 
set  before  them  in  token  of  the  great  respect 
due  her  memory. 


Canadian  Nurses  for  South  Africa 


The  following  military  nursing  sisters 
have  been  named  by  the  Department  of 
National  Defence  to  reinforce  those  already 
serving  in  South  African  military  hospitals: 

Alberta:  R.  C.  Cameron,  J.  M.  Clack, 
W.  C.  Hague,  S.  M.  T.  Hall,  D.  B.  Kreut- 
zer,  I.  Lamont,  F.  E.  Lee,  L.  E.  McComb, 
F.  E.  Mitchell,  C.  H.  Schnell,  E.  M.  Sak- 
lofsky,  R.  A.  Stead,  E.  F.  Sutherland,  R. 
I.  Turnbull,  M.  Wainwright,  A.  M.  Orr, 
S.  McDonald,  P.  M.  Opie. 

British  Columbia:  T.  L.  Baker,  D.  G. 
Bischlager,  E.  L.  Clement,  E.  Coles,  M.  P. 
Dobbie,  M.  L.  Dobbin,  A.  A.  Hopkins,  B. 
S.  Krag,  L.  MacMillan,  E.  G.  Putnam,  H. 
M.  Smith,  G.  Stevenson,  H.  M.  Williams, 
K.  I.  Krag,  N.  V.  Lee. 

Manitoba:  B.  L  Solmindson,  C.  M.  Mc- 
Kinnon. 

New  Brunswick:  R.  M.  Atkinson,  H.  A. 
Brown,   M.  M.  Henderson. 

Nova  Scotia :  J.  J.  McKinlay,  M.  J.  Hing- 
ley. 

Ontario:  W.  M.  Barker,  M.  V.  Betts, 
M.  E.  Booth,  R.  V.  Breakey,  D.  Bushell, 
M.  E.  Colledge,  R.  G.  Dalton,  J.  H.  Dame, 


A.  L  Davis,  D.  E.  Doan,  M.  C.  Dolan, 
C.  M.  Downs,  E.  E.  Edey,  A.  L.  Effinger, 
H.  J.  Elliott,  K.  E.  L.  Garrett,  B.  A.  Gi- 
rard,  H,  C.  C.  Holland,  A.  M.  Kavahagh, 
A.  M.  King,  M.  V.  MacLean,  J.  G.  Mc- 
Adoo,  A.  M.  McElheran,  H.  P.  Mclnnerny, 
A.  M.  McNillan,  L.  W.  Mitchell,  M.  Riel- 
ly,  A.  G.  Robertson,  E.  Rothwell,  M.  V. 
Singer,  M.  J.  Snelgrove,  J.  E.  Smart,  J.  M. 
Spettigue,  H.  A.  Stearns,  M.  E.  de  St.  Re- 
my,  M.  E.  Thompson,  D.  G.  Westhaver, 
L.  F.  Jamieson,  H.  M.  Frost,  A.  B.  West, 
J.  Black. 

Prince  Edward  Island :  C.  A.  Clohossey, 
L.  L.  Dockendorff,  C.  S.  MacLean,  J.  C. 
MacPhee,  H.  P.  Wood. 

Quebec :  H.  Bonneau,  E.  Bushell,  B.  M. 
Dionne,  K.  S.  McKim,  E.  M.  H.  McLi- 
mont,  O.  Morgan,  M.  A.  Parent,  M.  S. 
Burnfield,   M.  E.  Lindsay,  E.  E.   Grimmer. 

Saskatchewan :  E.  E.  Barton,  G.  L.  Berndt, 
M.  L  Greenfield,  J.  E.  MacKay,  M.  E.  Ni- 
blett,  K.  F.  Olshewski,  T.  J.  Scott,  M.  G. 
Simpson. 

U.S.A.:  M.  D.  C.  Stevenson,  Detroit,  for- 
merly of  Regina,  Sask. 


Vol.  38  No.  5 


Overseas  Mail 


The  following  letter  was  written  to 
a  Montreal  nurse  who,  besides  writing 
delicate  and  imaginative  verse,  is  also 
very  clever  with  her  hands.  Having 
made  a  beautiful  afghan,  she  gave  it  to 
Miss  E.  Frances  Upton  in  the  hope 
that  it  could  be  sent  to  some  British 
civilian  nurse  who  had  suffered  from 
the  effects  of  air  raids.  Thanks  to  the 
courtesy  of  the  Overseas  Parcels  Lea- 
gue, Miss  Upton  was  able  to  send  the 
afghan  to  the  secretary  of  the  Royal 
College  of  Nursing  with  the  request 
that  it  be  given  to  this  young  student 
nurse  who  was  known  to  have  sustained 
severe   injuries. 

The  lovely  afghan  you  were  kind  enough 
to  send  me  keeps  me  beautifully  warm  and 
I  do  not  know  what  I  should  do  without  it. 
Perhaps  you  would  like  to  hear  about  the 
raid  in  which  I  was  injured.  The  sirens 
went  before  I  had  got  undressed  and  no 
sooner  had  they  started  than  a  "basket"  of 
incendiaries  dropped  round  the  hospital  and 
the  nurses  had  to  return  to  the  wards.  Most 
of  the  night  was  spent  in  the  side  ward  until 
the  glass  was  shattered  in  the  windows  and 
the  patients  were  moved  into  the  main 
ward.  Later,  the  ward  above  had  a  direct 
hit  and  part  fell  onto  our  ward.  The  pa- 
tients were  wonderful  and  those  that  could 
walked  to  the  basement  and  the  hospital 
staff  carried  the  rest  and  rescued  those  who 
were  partly  buried.  At  about  6.30  it  was 
getting  light  so  we  thought  we  would  go 
outside  and  see  what  the  hospital  looked 
like.  To  get  outside,  we  had  to  walk  over 
a  bomb-hole  and  inside  the  hole  was  a  mat- 
tress which  had  caught  fire  and  been 
thrown  out  of  the  window  and  fallen  into 
the  hole.  After  awhile  we  were  sent  down 
to  the  basement  to  wait  until  we  could  start 
moving  the  patients  and  I  had  just  got 
downstairs  when  there  was  an  explosion 
and  I  remember  nothing  more  until  some 
days  later.  The  explosion  was  caused  by  a 
delayed  action  bomb  which  had  fallen  into 
the  hole  which  we  had  seen  and,  being  cov- 


ered by  the  mattress,  had  not  been  noticed. 
I  had  my  back  to  it  and  so  got  the  full 
benefit  of  it,  which  I  shared  with  another 
nurse.  We  both  had  head  wounds,  fractured 
skulls  and  vertebrae.  My  bones  seemed  to 
take  a  great  deal  longer  to  mend  as  my  last 
plaster  jacket  (I  had  four  altogether)  was 
not  removed  until  a  month  ago.  Since  then 
I  have  had  to  go  to  the  hospital  daily  for 
exercises. 

I  had  another  exciting  experience  at  home 
when  one  night  the  sirens  went  and  imme- 
diately something  came  whizzing  through 
the  air  and  landed  with  a  thud.  Before 
we  had  decided  whether  we  should  go  up- 
stairs and  see  if  anything  had  happened, 
there  was  a  terrible  clattering  on  the  roof 
and  we  decided  to  stay  in  the  hall.  We  had 
not  been  there  many  seconds  before  we 
saw  white  flames  from  every  door  crack 
and  window.  We  thought  the  house  was  on 
fire  and  went  outside  to  see  nothing  but 
flames  and  smoke  all  round  and  five  in- 
cendiaries in  the  garden.  The  rattling  we 
had  heard  was  at  least  two  incendiaries  roll- 
ing down  the  roof.  Fortunately  the  long 
shovel  was  within  reach  and  Mother  grabbed 
it  and  began  putting  out  a  bomb  which  was 
shooting  sparks  at  the  garage,  while  I 
found  a  shovel  and  went  for  two  close 
together  in  the  cabbage  patch.  I  had  just 
buried  my  two  when  the  F.A.P.  superin- 
tendent sent  us  over  to  the  shelter  while  he 
and  the  other  men  put  out  the  bombs  on 
the  lawn  and  in  the  back  yard.  It  was  a 
marvellous  sight  to  see  all  those  incendiaries. 
We  were  surrounded  by  fields  which  were 
full  of  them.  They  looked  like  shocks  of 
corn  burning. 

I  saw  my  doctor  a  few  days  ago  and  he 
told  me  that  I  should  be  able  to  start  work 
in  a  month  or  two.  I  shall  not  be  able  to  do 
nursing  straight  away  and,  as  I  have  never 
wanted  to  be  anything  but  a  nurse,!  hardlj' 
know  what  else  to  do.  There  are  plenty  of 
jobs  to  be  had  but  I  don't  fancy  any  of 
them  at  the  moment.  I  expect  I  shall  have 
to  register  in  March  so,  if  I  have  not  got 
a  job  by  then,  I  shall  probably  have  one 
given  me. 


MAY.  1942 


329 


Travaillons  ensemble 


In  the  April  issue  of  the  Journal^  re- 
ference was  made  to  a  meeting  of  the 
Association  of  Registered  Nurses  of  the 
Province  of  Quebec  which  took  place 
recently  in  the  city  of  Quebec.  At  one  of 
the  sessions,  three  addresses  were  made, 
in  the  French  language,  dealing  with  the 
international,  national,  and  provincial 
relationships  of  the  A.R.N.P.Q.  At  the 
request  of  the  Association  the  text  of 
these  addresses  is  presented  herewith. 
By  way  of  introduction,  Ethel  Johns 
spoke  of  the  significance  and  value  of  a 
provincial  association  which  makes  it 
possible  for  its  members  to  enjoy  the 
privilege  of  belonging  to  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association  and  the  International 
Council  of  Nurses.  Mile  Alice  Albert 
then  gave  a  vivid  picture  of  the  actual 
accomplishments  of  the  A.  R.  N.  P.  Q. 
especially  in  relation  to  the  organization 
of  emergency  nursing  service  and  made 
an  eloquent  plea  for  unders'"anding  and 
co-operation  between  the  English  and 
French-speaking  members.  Mile  Suzanne 
Giroux  then  outlined  some  eminently 
practical  suggestions  for  recruiting  stu- 
dents for  schools  of  nursing  and  also  gave 
an  excellent  summary  of  the  recom- 
menda'^ions  now  being  carried  out  under 
the  direction  of  Miss  Kathleen  Ellis,  re- 
cently appointed  National  Adviser  by 
the  Canadian  Nurses  Association.  We 
very  much  regret  that  space  limitations 
make  it  impossible  to  give  a  full  trans- 
lation of  the  truly  inspiring  addresses 
made  by  Mile  Albert  and  Mile  Giroux. 
The  manner  in  which  they  were  received 
by  the  large  audience  gave  proof  that  the 
entire  membership  of  the  A.R.N.P.Q., 
French  and  English  alike,,  can  and  does 
work  together. 

The    text    of    the    address    given    by 
Ethel  Johns  is  as  follows: 


L'on  m'a  demande  de  vous  entretenir  pen- 
dant quelques  minutes  sur  les  aspects  na- 
tionaux  et  internationaux  de  notre  profes- 
sion. Dans  les  temps  difficiles  que  nous  tra- 
versons,  nous  devons  etre  fieres  de  voir  les 
infirmieres  du  monde  entier  unies  par  des 
aspirations  et  un  ideal  qui  nous  sent  com- 
muns  a  toutes.  J'ai  eu  roccasion,  il  y  a 
quelque  temps,  a  New  York,  de  causer  avec 
Miss  Effie  Taylor,  la  presidente  du  Conseil 
International  des  Infirmieres.  Depuis  le  de- 
but de  la  guerre,  elle  a  fait  tout  son  possi- 
ble pour  se  tenir  en  communication  avec  les 
trente-deux  associations  nationales  d'infir- 
mieres  qui  constituent  le  Conseil  Interna- 
tional. Elle  m'a  avoue  que  lentement  mais 
surement  le  contact  officiel  est  interrom- 
rompu  a  mesure  que  les  nations  sont  jetees 
dans  le  conflit  mais  que  malgre  tout  elle 
vient  a  bout  d'avoir  des  nouvelles. 

II  n'y  a  pas  longtemps,  j'ai  moi-meme 
regu  indirectement  un  message  de  I'Ecole 
universitaire  de  Nursing  de  Varsovie  avec 
laquelle  j'avais  ete  en  relation  lors  de  mon 
sejour  en  Europe.  "Ne  vous  decouragez  pas, 
a-t-on  dit,  malgre  que  I'edifice  de  I'ecole 
ait  ete  detruit  par  les  bombardements,  nous 
avons  admis  il  y  a  quelques  jours  une  tren- 
taine  d'eleves.  Nous  continuons  notre  oeuvre. 
Eux  aussi  (les  Allemands)  ont  besoin  de 
nous".  Voila  pourquoi  le  nursing  est  et  doit 
etre  international.  L'humanite  tout  entiere 
a  besoin  de  nous,  amis  ou  ennemis. 

Nous  devons  esperer  et  croire  que  le  Con- 
seil International  des  Infirmieres  survivra 
au  conflit  tout  comme  cela  est  arrive  lors 
de  la  derniere  guerre  et  que  lorsque  la  paix 
sera  retablie.  les  infirmieres  du  monde  en- 
tier  se  reuniront  une  fois  de  plus  comme 
elles  I'ont  fait  a  Londres  il  y  a  cinq  ans. 
Elles  sont  venues  de  tons  les  continents  et 
presque  de  tous  les  pays,  sans  distinction  de 
religion,  de  race  ou  de  couleur.  Ces  infir- 
mieres n'etaicnt  entravees  par  aucune  theorie 
politique  ni  aucune  frontiere  nationale,  le 
monde  entier  etait  leur  province.  Ne  doit-il 
pas  en  etre  ainsi  aujourd'hui  plus  que  ja- 
mais? Nous  voulons  construire  et  non  de- 
molir,  guerir  et  non  blesser,  aider  a  vivre  et 
non  tuer. 


330 


Vol.  38  No.  5 


T  R  A  V  A  I  L  L  O  N  S  E  N  S  E  M  B  L  E 


331 


Le  fait  que  les  infirmieres  du  monde  en- 
tier  se  comprennent  et  s'entr'aident  n'est  pas 
purement  accidentel ;  cela  est  du  a  la  pre- 
voyance  et  au  courage  de  femmes  eclairees 
qui  ont  su  organiser  en  groupes  les  infir- 
mieres de  leur  propre  pays,  telle  notre  As- 
sociation des  Gardes-Malades  du  Canada, 
ces  groupes  venant  ensuite  a  former  le  Con- 
seil  International  des  Infirmieres.  La  carte 
de  membre  de  votre  Association  provinciale 
n'est  qu'un  bout  de  papier  mais  elle  vous  fait 
membre  de  la  societe  honorable  des  Gardes 
Malades  du  Canada ;  ce  n'est  pas  tout,  elle 
vous  donne  acces  dans  le  monde  du  nursing 
qui  reside  au-dela  de  nos  frontieres  na- 
tionals. 

Les  progres  accomplis  dans  la  pratique  de 
notre  profession  sont  dus  pour  une  large 
part  aux  efforts  incessants  de  nos  organisa- 
tions de  nursing,  soit  Internationale,  na- 
tionales  ou  provinciales.  Ce  sont  elles  qui 
ont  combattu  pour  obtenir  un  meilleur  en- 
seignement.  un  logement  plus  confortable  et 
des  conditions  de  travail  plus  favorables. 
L'opposition  a  ete  formidable  mais  pas  par 
pas  nous  avons  avance.  Nous  avons  notre 
place  dans  I'armee,  dans  la  marine  et  dans 
I'aviation.  Xos  services  sont  reclames  dans 
chaque  hopital  du  Dominion,  a  partir  du  pos- 
te  de  secours  le  plus  eloigne  de  la  Croix-Rou- 
ge, jusqu'au  plus  grand  hopital  de  nos  cites 
les  plus  importantes.  Nous  avons  notre  place 
dans  la  vie  nationale,  nous  en  somme  fieres 
et  nous  voulons  la  maintenir. 

Certaines  personnes  peuvent  dire  d'un  ton 
un  peu  railleur :  "Tout  cela  va  tres  bien  — 
mais  qu'est-ce  que  I'Association  provinciale 
a  fait  pour  moi?"  Nul  mieux  que  moi  ne  sait 
combien  il  est  difficile  de  convaincre  les 
infirmieres  de  I'importance  qu'il  pent  y  avoir 
d'appuyer  et  de  defendre  les  organisations 
qui  protegent  leurs  interets  professionnels. 
J'entendais  I'autre  jour  quelqu'un  definissant 
comme  suit  les  qualites  essentielles  de  la 
religion :  premierement,  elle  doit  etre  spiri- 
tuelle,  deuxiemement,  etre  mystique  et  troi- 
siemement.  elle  doit  etre  erigee  en  une  so- 
ciete. II  me  semble  qu'il  doit  en  etre  ainsi 
de  notre  profession ;  mais  nous  sommes  trop 
portees  a  oublier  et  a  negliger  le  troisieme 
point  et  a  laisser  porter  le  fardeau  par  quel- 
ques  personnes  seulement. 


Notre  Association  des  Gardes-Malades  du 
Canada  tiendra  en  juin  cette  annee  une  con- 
vention a  Montreal.  Nous  nous  unirons  tou- 
tes.  infirmieres  de  langue  frangaise,  de  lan- 
gue  anglaise,  catholiques  et  protestantes  pour 
celebrer  le  troisieme  centenaire  de  I'arrivee. 
dans  cette  colonic,  de  Jeanne  Mance.  cette 
femme  de  merite,  cette  infirmiere  devouee. 
Elle  ne  fut  pas  la  premiere  a  soigner  les 
malades  en  ce  pays ;  cet  honneur  et  ce  privi- 
lege reviennent  aux  Ordres  religieux  qui 
I'ont  precedee  mais  elle  fut  la  premiere  in- 
firmiere laique  a  fonder  un  hopital  et  a  orga- 
niser un  service  de  nursing  au  pays.  Qu'on 
me  pardonne  d'insister  sur  le  mot  laique,  c'est 
.jue  nous,  infirmieres  laiques,  reclamons  Jean- 
ne Mance  comme  notre  pionniere  et  notre 
modele ;  elle  a  subi  les  epreuves  et  les  tribu- 
lations qui  nous  sont  particulieres  et  contre 
lesquelles  I'ordre  religieux  off  re  une  pro- 
tection. 

Je  dois  avouer  que  nous,  canadiennes  an- 
glaises,  sommes  un  peu  jalouses  de  ce  que 
Jeanne  Mance  fut  une  f rangaise ;  il  est  vrai 
que  nous  avons  Florence  Nightingale  mais 
nous  voudrions  aussi  reclamer  Jeanne  Mance 
comme  notre.  Nous  admettons  bien  qu'elle 
vous  appartient  de  droit  car  vous  etes  les 
premieres  arrivees.  Jeanne  Mance  est  une 
figure  universelle  en  nursing  et  notre  ins- 
piratrice  a  toutes ;  son  etoile  devient  de  plus 
en  plus  brillante  a  mesure  que  les  annees 
passent. 

Que  penserait  Jeanne  Mance  si  elle  pou- 
vait  assister  a  notre  Congres  national  de 
juin  prochain  ou  Ton  verra  des  infirmieres 
des  neuf  provinces,  d'un  ocean  a  I'autre. 
La  presidente  du  Conseil  International  des 
infirmieres  ainsi  que  la  Presidente  de  I'A- 
merican  Nurses  Association  seront  au  nom- 
bre  des  conferencieres.  Celle  dont  nous  ce- 
lebrerons  bientot  le  troisieme  centenaire 
pourrait  voir  autour  d'elle  des  directrices 
d'ecoles  de  langue  frangaise  et  de  langue 
anglaise  de  tout  le  Canada,  prenant  conseil 
les  unes  des  autres,  dans  I'ecole  meme  qui 
porte  son  nom.  Ne  redirait-elle  pas  les  pa- 
roles prononcees  par  le  reverend  pere  Vi- 
mont  alors  qu'il  s'adressait  a  un  petit  nombre 
de  pionniers  reunis  au  pied  de  I'autel,  sur 
les  bords  du  Saint-Laurent :  "Vous  n'etes 
qu'un  grain  de  seneve  mais  ce  grain  levera. 
croitra  et  deviendra  un  arbre  dont  les  bran- 


MAY,  1942 


332 


THE    CANADIAN   NURSE 


ches  couvriront  la  terre.  Vous  etes  peu 
nombreux  mais  votre  oeuvre  est  I'oeuvre  de 
Dieu."  Si  les  infirmieres  du  Canada  dcvaient 
demander  a  Jeanne  Mance  de  leur  suggerer 
une  devise,  ne  leur  redirait-elle  pas  ces  pa- 
roles dites  pour  la  premiere  fois  un  matin  de 
mai,  il  y  a  trois  cents  ans?  "Votre  oeuvre 
est  roeuvre  de  Dieu". 

Mile  Alice  Albert  then  spoke  as  fol- 
lows: 

Quel  plaisir  que  de  revoir  Quebec  et  sur- 
tout  le  toujours  si  interessant  groupe  des 
Infirmieres  religieuses  et  laiques!  Je  remer- 
cie  de  tout  coeur  le  Comite  Executif  de  no- 
tre  Association  me  procurant,  encore  une 
fois,  la  si  belle  opportunite  de  saluer  les 
gardes-malades  de  cette  ville  et  je  suis  ten- 
tee,  on  ne  peut  plus,  plus  que  jamais,  je  de- 
vrais  dire,  de. demander  :  "et  le  Ncciid?"  tou- 
tes  se  rappellent?  .  .  .  "gauche  sur  droite.  .  , 
droite  sur  gauche"  .  .  .  s'il  est  facile  a  de- 
faire  —  au  besoin  —  par  contre,  il  est  des 
plus  solides  —  et  pour  cause.  Mais,  comme 
a  peu  pres  toujours,  dans  la  vie.  le  sentimen- 
tal doit  faire  place  au  devoir  —  et  que  la 
raison  doit  raisonner  le  coeur,  en  le  faisant 
resonner  par  fois,  je  reponds  done,  sans  plus 
tarder  a  la  demande  de  Mme  la  Presidente. 
Puisque  Boileau  la  deja  si  bien  dit  :  "sur 
le  metier,  20  fois  remettez  votre  ouvrage"  et 
qu'un  des  principes  de  I'education,  c'est  la 
repetition,  nous  venons  d'entendre,  une  fois 
de  plus  ce  que  c'est  qu'une  Association  Pro- 
vinciale  de  gardes-malades  —  et,  en  quel- 
ques  mots,  voyons  maintenant  ce  que  fait 
notre  Association  pendant  les  temps,  les 
jours  que  nous  traversons ;  ceci  ne  sera  en- 
core qu'une  repetition  puisque  toute  infirmi- 
ere,  se  tenant  "a  la  page",  sait  bien  ce  qui  se 
fait  pour  elle,  par  elle  et  autour  d'elle. 

L' Association,  toujours  aux  aguets,  non 
pas  pour  surprendre  nos  secrets,  comme  di- 
rait  la  chanson,  mais  pour  aider  les  gardes- 
malades  et  proteger  le  public,  voit  a  ce  que 
son  organisme  fonctionne  bien  —  que  son 
etat  de  sante  reste  au  bon. 

Pour  ce  faire,  I'Association  offre  chaque 
annee  2  et  meme  4  bourses  d'etude  a  des 
infirmieres,  en  faisant  la  demande.  De  plus, 
nous  avons  les  Registres,  repondant  aux  ap- 
pels  24  heures  par  jour,  fournissant  ainsi  au 
public    tout    ce    dont    il    a    besoin    et    pour- 


voyant  en  meme  temps  au  besoin  de  travail 
des  gardes-malades.  Le  Comite  Executif  a, 
de  plus,  un  sous-comite  appele  comite  d'edu- 
cation  s'occupant  activement  des  besoins  des 
ecoles  de  gardes-malades,  travaillant  en  co- 
operation avec  les  directrices  de  ces  ecoles. 
Un  autre  comite,  non  moins  actif,  est  celui  de 
I'hygiene  publique,  s'assurant  ainsi  que  les 
membres  de  ces  groupes  soient  qualifies  pour 
faire  ce  genre  de  travail. 

II  y  a  pres  de  deux  ans  maintenant, 
voyant  la  situation  mondiale  s'aggraver,  et 
voyant  le  grand  besoin  de  plus  en  plus  ur- 
gent d'infirmieres  pretes  a  repondre  a  Tap- 
pel  du  pays,  I'Association  Provinciale.  par 
la  voie  de  son  Comite,  decida  de  faire  les 
depenses  necessaires  afin  de  permettre  a  ses 
membres  de  se  refaire  la  memoire  ou  de  se 
mettre  a  la  page  et  de  faire  donner.  par 
toute  la  province,  les  cours  :  "Premiers  se- 
cours  aux  blesses",  ceci  sous  les  auspices 
et  en  cooperation  avec  la  Societe  Ambulan- 
ciere  St-Jean.  Quelques  membres  de  I'As- 
sociation se  mirent  done  au  travail  et  a 
I'etude,  se  qualifierent  et  regurent  leur  cer- 
tificat  d'instructeur.,  Apres  avoir  eu  le  plai- 
sir et  I'honneur  de  faire  decerner  114  certi- 
ficats,  dans  4  hopitaux  de  cette  ville.  j'avais 
la  chance  de  visiter  Chicoutimi,  Trois-Rivie- 
res,  Shawinigan,  Sherbrooke,  St-Hyacinthe, 
Hull,  Valleyfield,  Gamelin,  ainsi  qu'un  petit 
groupe  a  Montreal,  faisant  decrocher  ainsi 
693  certificats  —  dont  384  a  des  infirmieres 
religieuses  —  et  309  a  des  infirmieres  laiques. 
Nous  nous  mettions  ainsi  au  rang  de  nos 
soeurs,  gardes-malades  des  pays  envahis,  fai- 
sant un  si  grandiose  travail  parce  qu'elles  se 
sentaient  et  se  savaient  pretes  a  faire  face 
au  danger. 

En  mai  1941,  la  situation  mondiale  deve- 
nant  de  plus  en  plus  compliquee  et  le  danger 
se  rapprochant  de  plus  en  plus,  les  differen- 
tes  Associations,  telles  la  Croix-Rouge,  la 
Societe  Ambulanciere  St-Jean  parlerent  de 
resserrer  les  liens  en  se  groupant  davantage 
afin  de  pouvoir  repondre  aux  besoins  de 
"Chez-nous".  Encore  une  fois,  I'Association 
Provinciale  prit  I'initiative  et  forma  un  co- 
mite devant  s'occuper  de  I'enrolement  vo- 
lontaire  des  gardes-malades,  etablissant  une 
difference  bien  definie  entre  gardes-malades 
graduees  et  aides-gardes-malades,  ces  der- 
nieres  ne  possedant  qu'un  certificat  en  pre- 


Vol.  38  No.  5 


TRA\^AILLONS  ENSEMBLE 


333 


miers  soins  ou  en  nursing,  mais  pouvant  tout 
de  meme  aider  ef ficacement ;  ceci  fait.  I'or- 
ganisation  a  vu  a  I'agencement  de  zones  de 
secours  —  afin  qu'il  ne  soit  pas  necessaire 
que  des  infirmieres  d'un  bout  de  la  province 
aient  a  se  deranger  pour  aller  aider  a  I'au- 
tre  extremite  —  a  moins  d'un  besoin  de  plus 
en  plus  grandissant.  A  ce  propos,  quelques- 
unes  d'entre  nous  avons  souvenance  de  la 
terrible  catastrophe  d'Halifax   en    1917. 

Aujourd'hui  nous  pouvons  dire  que  nous 
sommes  pretes.  que  nous  sommes  organisees 
pour  faire  face  au  danger,  et  que  toutes,  tant 
que  nous  sommes,  sommes  a  la  hauteur  de 
notre  tache  —  a  la  hauteur  de  notre  profes- 
sion de  laquelle  nous  avons  tant  de  droits 
d'etre  fieres.  M'adressant  specialement  a 
mes  compagnes,  les  infirmieres  la'iques,  je 
me  demande  ce  que  penserait  —  ce  que  di- 
rait  de  nous  I'immortelle  Jeanne  Mance  ■ — 
la  premiere  infirmiere  laique  de  notre  conti- 
nent? X'est-ce  pas,  que  nous  sommes  certai- 
nes  qu'elle  serait  fiere  de  nous? 

Et  voici  un  bref  expose  de  ce  que  fait 
I'Association  pour  nous,  gardes-malades  du 
Quebec  —  et  puisque  nous  avons  des  droits 
sur  cette  Association  —  n'avons-nous  pas 
aussi  des  devoirs  —  I'un  pourrait-il  aller 
sans  I'autre?  —  et,  pendant  que  par  le  monde 
entier  il  n'est  question  que  d'union  —  de 
fronts  unis  pour  combattre  pour  la  bonne 
cause  et  rapporter  une  victoire  reelle  et  sta- 
ble —  pourquoi  ne  pas  parler  de  cooperation 
parmi  les  gardes-malades  canadiennes-fran- 
Qaises?  Union  plus  etroite  veut  dire  :  force 
plus  grande,  marche  vers  le  progres  mieux 
assuree,  et  ideal  a  atteindre  toujours  plus 
haut  —  toujours  plus  beau.  Semons  aujour- 
d'hui ce  que  nos  cadettes  recolteront  demain, 
et  que  nous  nous  sentirions  fieres  et  hautes 
si  dans  15.  20  ou  25  ans  on  disait  de  nous  : 
"Comme  elles  s'aimaient,  les  gardes-malades 
de  1942!" 

Et  je  termine  par  ces  quelques  lignes, 
puisees  dans  une  plaquette  que  vient  de  pu- 
blier  I'Alliance  Frangaise  de  Montreal,  sous 
le  nom  de  "Quarante  annees  au  service  de 
la  Pensee  Frangaise",  par  Paul  Villard  :  "Le 
dimanche  11  decembre  1921,  I'Alliance  Fran- 
gaise de  Montreal  avait  I'honneur  ainsi  de  re- 
cevoir  I'illustre  Marechal  Foch  dans  la  gran- 
de salle  de  I'hotel  Windsor.  La  salle  etait 
bondee  et  il  fallut  refuser  I'entree  a  un  tres 


grand    nombre    de    personnes    bien    que    I'ad- 
mission  fut  par  carte  personnelle.    Le  Mare- 
chal   fit   son   entree   aux   acclamations   d'une 
foule     enthousiaste     alors     que     I'orchestre 
jouait    la    Marseillaise    et    I'hymne    national 
canadien.    La  salle  avait  ete  decoree  a  pro- 
fusion aux  couleurs    franqaises.  canadiennes 
et  anglaises.    Le  president  du  groupe,  I'hon. 
juge  Gonzalve  Desaulniers.  souhaita  la  bien- 
venue  au  Marechal,  lui  disant  en  terminant  : 
"Recevez,  Monsieur  le  Marechal,  I'hommage 
de  I'Alliance  Frangaise;  c'est  dans  ce  grou- 
pe que  la  France  a  trouve  au  Canada  depuis 
vingt  ans  ses  meilleurs  serviteurs.    C'est  d'ici 
que  son  genie  a  rayonne  par  la  voix  de  ses 
penseurs.   de    ses   ecrivains,   de   ses   artistes ; 
c'est  dans  cette  tribune  que  d'humbles  heros, 
sans  epees,  sont  venus  de  France  pour  chan- 
ger le  cours  de  certains  evenements  par  la 
seule    puissance    de    leur   parole."    Se    levant 
alors.  le  grand  soldat   fut  de  nouveau  salue 
par  des  acclamations  frenetiques  :  "II  m'est 
facile",  dit-il.  "d'exprimer  ce  que  je  ressens 
actuellement ;  I'hote  du  Canada,  dans  un  coin 
de  terre  frangaise,  je  me  sens  parfaitement 
chez  moi.    L' Alliance  Frangaise  a  contribue 
a  la  victoire  morale  de  la  France.    C'est  par 
I'alliance   des   peuples   amis   que   nous   avons 
obtenu  la  victoire  sur  le  champ  de  bataille. 
Jc  salue  cette  union,  dans  ce  pays,  on  flot- 
tcut  des  drapcaux  anglais  et  frangais." 

Mile   Suzanne   Giroux  then    brought 
the  series  to  a  conclusion: 

Vous  venez  d'entendre  Mademoiselle  Al- 
bert dire  ce  que  nous  avons  fait.  Reculons 
maintenant  plus  en  arriere  au  berceau  meme 
de  la  colonic,  nous  voyons  s'elever  a  Port- 
Royal,  a  Quebec,  a  Trois-Rivieres  et  a 
Montreal  d'abord  un  fort,  une  chapelle,  une 
ecole  et  quelque  fois  meme  avant  I'ecole  un 
hopital.  Les  colons  comptent  pour  leur  se- 
curite  sur  le  fort,  le  clocher,  I'ecole  et  I'ho- 
pital;  de  nos  jours  les  choses  ont-elles  bien 
changees?  II  est  vrai,  que  les  forts  ont  ete 
abattus  mais  il  serait  peut-etre  sage  de  se 
hater  de  les  reconstruire.  Xos  clochers  nous 
guident  toujours  et  attendent  nos  supplica- 
tions et  meme  si  I'ecole  disparaissait  puis 
a  son  tour  le  clocher,  le  fort,  I'hopital  de- 
meurerait.  Ici  comme  actuellement  en  Po- 
logne,    en    Allemagne,    I'hopital    demeurerait 


MAY,  1942' 


334 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


le  temoin  d'une  vie  spirituelle  que  ni  la 
guerre  ni  les  persecutions  ne  peuvent  abolir 
parce  qu'elle  vient  de  Dieu  meme. 

Le  role  de  I'hopital  et  des  infirmieres  est 
grand,  en  effet,  ne  representons-nous  pas  la 
misericorde  de  Dieu,  sa  bonte  envers  toute 
une  population  souffrante.  Le  but  primordial 
de  notre  profession  de  toutes  nos  associa- 
tions a  ete  de  tout  temps  de  servir  le  pu- 
blic, de  repondre  a  ses  besoins.  L'avons-nous 
fait  dans  le  passe?  Le  passe  est  magnifique; 
c'est  une  epopee  dont  quelques  unes  des  plus 
belles  pages  ont  ete  ecrites  ici  meme  dans  ces 
murs  de  Quebec.  Le  present  est  excelleiii 
et  le  futur  demandra  a  toutes  les  infirmie- 
res, particulierement  aux  infirmieres  laiques 
d'ecrire  une  autre  epopee ;  les  temps  heroi- 
ques  sont  revenus. 

Nous  n'etudirons  pas  ce  soir  les  problemes 
que  I'apres  guerre  pent  nous  amener ;  I'apres 
guerre  avec  toutes  ses  victimes,  blesses,  or- 
phelins,  bouleversements  sociaux  et  econo- 
miques  etc.  Contentons-nous  d'etudier  quel- 
ques problemes  amenes  par  la  guerre,  les 
remedes  qu'y  apporteront  une  solution.  De 
tout  cote  Ton  se  plaignait  deja  avant  la  guer- 
re qu'il  n'y  avait  pas  suffisamment  de  lits 
pour  nos  malades,  nos  tuberculeux,  nos  alie- 
nes;  a  ce  probleme  deja  ancien,  d'autres 
viennent  s'y  aj  outer,  reveles  par  la  guerre, 
par  exemple,  la  mauvaise  nutrition  etc. 
Lorsque  nous  entendons  le  doyen  d'une  Uni- 
versite  dire  "ce  mauvais  etat  de  sante  me- 
nace la  survivance  de  notre  peuple",  il  faut 
s'arreter  —  regarder  combien  de  bras  se 
tendent  vers  nous  et  demandent  notre  se- 
cours.  Mesdemoiselles,  c'est  tout  un  peuple, 
une  race  fiere  qui  demande  notre  aide. 

La  guerre  a  enleve  de  nos  cadres  une 
grande  quantite  d'infirmieres  soit  pour  le 
service  outre-mer,  les  industries  de  la  de- 
fense nationale  etc.,  pour  la  plupart  des  in- 
firmieres ayant  de  I'experience,  tres  souvent 
des  qualifications  speciales  et  de  grandes 
qualites.  Ces  infirmieres  venaient  des  ho- 
pitaux  aussi  bien  que  du  domaine  de  I'hygie- 
ne  publique. 

Premier  probleme.  Un  certain  nombre  de 
garde-malades  bien  preparees  qui  pourraient 
servir  a  former,  a  guider  des  infirmieres 
plus  jeunes,  moins  experimentees  ne  sont 
plus  a  notre  disposition.  Ces  memes  indus- 
tries de  guerre  avec  leurs  salaires  allechants 


sont  un  attrait  pour  les  jeunes  filles  et  leurs 
])arents.  Ces  derniers  permettent  que  leurs 
jeunes  filles  abandonnent  leurs  etudes  et  les 
empechent  ainsi  de  repondre  a  I'appel  de  nos 
ecoles  de  gardes-malades.  Voila  le  deuxieme 
probleme. 

Si  d'une  part  la  guerre  nous  cause  bien 
des  ennuis,  d'autre  part,  elle  nous  donne  des 
consolations ;  comme  le  faisait  remarquer 
Mademoiselle  Ellis,  que  Ton  ait  fait  appel 
a  un  si  grand  nombre  de  gardes-malades 
pour  leur  confier  des  postes  de  grande  res- 
ponsabilite,  c'est  reconnaitre  publiquement 
notre  competence.  Que  tant  d'infirmieres 
specialisees  comme  hygienistes,  surveillantes 
institutrices  aient  ete  choisies  prouve  que 
des  etudes  supplementaires  ajoutant  a  la 
valeur  de  la  garde-malade  et  lui  donne  du 
credit.  Voila  a  mon  avis  deux  constatations 
des  plus  encourageantes. 

Dans  le  second  probleme  pose,  je  disais : 
qu'un  grand  nombre  de  jeunes  filles  ou 
plutot  de  parents  attires  par  le  gain  que 
procure  les  industries  de  guerre  negligent  I'e- 
ducation  de  leurs  enfants  et  qu'ainsi  les  jeu- 
nes filles  ne  pourraient  repondre  a  I'appel  de 
nos  ecoles  d'infirmieres.  ,Je  crois,  Mesdemoi- 
selles, que  je  n'ai  pas  besoin  d'insister  apres 
ce  que  je  viens  de  dire  sur  la  necessite  de 
I'instruction  pour  une  infirmiere.  Si  a  I'ho- 
pital lorsque  I'eleve  est  entouree  d'hospitalie- 
res,  de  surveillantes,  de  directrices  cette  ne- 
cessite se  fait  moins  sentir,  lorsque  I'eleve 
devenue  graduee  est  seule  aux  prises  avec 
la  vie,  c'est  la  qu'elle  verra  qu'en  voulant 
I'aider  trop  souvent  on  lui  a  rendu  un  mau- 
vais service  en  n'exigeant  pas  qu'elle  ait 
acheve  ses  etudes  avant  son  admission  a  I'e- 
cole. 

Je  resume  done  les  deux  problemes  deja 
exposes.  Serons-nous  en  nombre  suffisant 
pour  repondre  au  besoin  du  public?  Serons- 
nous  preparees  de  fagon  a  repondre  aux 
demandes  du  public?  Pour  reprendre  une 
phrase  chere  a  Monsieur  Churchill,  "Au- 
rons-nous  les  outils?"  Je  reponds  dans  les 
deux  cas,  oui.  II  nous  faut  des  garde-mala- 
des. Oil  aller  les  chercher?  Ouvrez  les 
journaux  avec  moi.  Lisez.  Voyez  toutes  les 
bonnes  volontes  qu'y  s'y  off  rent.  Toutes 
les   femmes  veulent  se  devouer. 

Permettez-moi  une  petite  comparaison,  la 
riviere    debordant    au    printemps    arrose    le 


Vol.  38  No.  5 


BABY  POWDER 


In  many  hospitals  today,  Z.B.T. 
helps  protect  sensitive  baby  skin 

Z.B.T.'s  unusual  advantages  have  made  it  the  baby 
powder  choice  in  many  leading  hospitals.  Thousands 
of  doctors  and  nurses  recommend  it.  And  every  day 
this  Baby  Powder  with  Olive  Oil  wins  new  friends. 

For  Z.B.T.  is  downy-soft  and  soothing.  Z.B.T.  is 
more  effective  against  chafing— as  you  can  readily  tell 
by  its  superior  "slip,"  its  silky  smoothness.  And  Z.B.T. 
is  moisture-resistant,  long-clinging— important  advan- 
tages in  protecting  baby's  skin  against  the  irritations 
caused  by  wet  diapers  and  perspiration. 

But  test  Z.B.T.'s  effectiveness  yourself.  We  invite 
you  to  try  it  at  our  expense.  Send  in  the  coupon  below 
for  your  free  professional  package  of  Z .  B  .T. 


FREE!       The  Centaur  Company,  Dept.  D-52,  1019  Elliott  St.  W.,  Windsor,  Ont. 
Please  send  free  professional  packa.ee  of  Z.B.T.  to: 

Same ^___ . 


Address- 
City 


-Proi. 


MAY.  1942- 


336 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


champs  de  mon  voisin  au  point  de  lui  nuire 
dans  sa  culture  et  passe  a  cote  du  mien  sans 
s'y  arreter  et  nuit  egalement  a  la  mienne. 
Alors  quoi  faire?  Nos  deux  recoltes  sent  in- 
dispensables,  unissons-nous,  canalisons  la  ri- 
viere et  la  moisson  sera  grande.  II  en  est  de 
meme  de  cette  grande  riviere  de  devouement 
qui  veut  se  repandre  de  tout  cote,  canalisons, 
dirigeons  vers  notre  profession  les  ames 
fortes  avides  non  de  gloire  mais  de  de- 
vouement, faisons  un  appel  aux  grands 
coeurs.  II  n'y  a  pas  de  plus  beau  champ  d'ac- 
tion  pour  une  femme  que  la  profession  d'in- 
firmiere. 

C'est  une  phrase  qu'il  faut  redire  dans 
tous  nos  pensionnats,  dans  chacune  de  nos 
ecoles,  chez  nos  amies,  dans  les  families  et 
partout.  Devant  vous,  infirmieres  religieuses 
et  laiquies  je  n'ai  pas  a  faire  la  preuve  de 
cette  verite. 

Aurons-nous  des  infirmieres  preparees  a 
repondre  aux  besoins  du  public?  Les  gou- 
vernements  ont  ete  justement  alarmes  du 
mauvais  etat  de  sante  de  notre  peuple ;  il  ne 
s'agit  plus  que  de  donner  des  lits  aux  mala- 
des.  Comme  le  disaient  les  Drs  Sylvestre  et 
Nadeau,  lors  de  I'enquete  faite  sur  I'alimenta- 
tion  dans  nos  families.  "La  sante  c'est  un 
terrne  positif  et  non  pas  une  simple  nega- 
tion, excluant  les  maladies  qui  vous  clouent 
au  lit,  ou  les  troubles  qui  diminuent  de  moi- 
tie  les  capacites  individuelles."  Un  des  grands 
devoirs  de  I'infirmiere  de  demain  sera  de 
maintenir  notre  peuple  en  sante. 

A  qui  ce  devoir  sera-t-il  confie?  Tous 
les  journaux  parlent  d'un  des  projets  du 
gouvernement  federal,  celui  d'instituer  des 
assurances  sociales.  Je  ne  crois  pas  faire 
d'indiscretion  en  disant  que  le  gouvernement 
d'Ottawa  a  consulte  des  garde-maiades  de 
notre  association  nationale  a  ce  sujet.  A  qui 
ce  devoir  de  maintenir  notre  peuple  en  san- 
te sera-t-il  confie.  Des  medecins  en  auront 
la  direction,  mais  qui  aura  la  patience  dex- 
pliquer  a  chaque  mere,  la  gravite  d'une  ma- 
ladie  contagieuse  meme  benigne,  I'impor- 
tance  d'une  diete,  etc.  Je  ne  vois  que  les  in- 
firmieres. Elles  auront  ce  grand  role  a 
jouer  d'un  ocean  a  I'autre,  des  missions  du 
nord  aux  frontieres  americaines.  Serons-nous 
preparees  a  le  jouer  ce  role  qui  prend  une 


telle  ampleur?  Oui,  si  des  maintenant  nous 
nous  mettons  a  I'oeuvre. 

Quelques-unes  me  diront  ces  problemes  ne 
se  font  pas  sentir  chez  nous.  Peut-etre,  mais 
de  nos  jours  il  n'y  a  plus  de  distance  et  du 
fait  il  n'y  a  plus  de  temps.  Et  ce  qui  n'exis- 
tait  pas  hier  chez  vous,  peut  y  exister  au- 
jourd'hui  et  avez-vous  bien  regarde?  D'au- 
tres  me  diront,  je  n'ai  pas  suivi  de  cours ;  a 
peine  ai-je  ouvert  un  livre  depuis  ma  gradua- 
tion, je  suis  une  aussi  bonne  infirmiere 
qu'une  autre.  Je  n'en  doute  pas,  mais  permet- 
tez-moi  de  poser  une  question  a  cette  garde- 
malade.  Avez-vous  fait  tout  le  bien  que  vous 
auriez  pu  faire  en  continuant  a  developper 
votre  belle  intelligence  en  augmentant  vos 
connaissances ?  De  nos  jours  la  lutte  pour 
la  sante  se  fait  un  peu  comme  la  guerre  ac- 
tuelle.  Le  devouement  et  le  courage  sont 
indispensables  mais  ne  suffisent  plus.  II  faut 
etre  plus  armees  que  jamais,  il  faut  suivre 
le  progres  et  par-dessus  tout  il  faut  des 
chefs. 

Toute  une  serie  de  problemes,  analogues 
aux  deux  que  nous  avons  etudies  ce  soir, 
ont  ete  presente  tant  par  notre  association 
provinciale  que  les  associations  des  autres 
provinces  a  notre  association  nationale : 

1.  Devant  I'urgence  de  certains  proble- 
mes, I'association  des  garde-malades  du  Ca- 
nada a  cru  bon  de  convoquer  une  assemblee 
speciale  de  son  conseil  et  d'y  inviter  des  re- 
presentantes  de  toutes  les  Universites  du 
Canada. 

2.  La,  des  recommandations  ont  ete  faites 
dans  le  but  d'aider  a  apporter  une  solution 
a  ces  problemes. 

3.  Un  comite  d'urgence  d'aviseurs  en 
Nursing  a  ete  nomme,  comprenant  une  re- 
presentante  pour  chaque  province ;  pour  la 
province  de  Quebec,  notre  devoue  registrai- 
re.   Mademoiselle  Upton,  a  ete  nommee. 

4.  Une  infirmiere  a  ete  choisie  comme  avi- 
seur  et  chargee  d'aider  a  mettre  en  pratique 
les  recommandations  faites  par  I'assemblee 
conjointe,  c'est  Mademoiselle  K.  Ellis  que 
nous  avons  I'honneur  d'avoir  parmi  nous. 
Mademoiselle  Ellis  a  une  grande  experience, 
comme  directrice  d'un  hopital,  puis  regis- 
traire  provinciale,  et  actuellement  profes- 
seur  de  Nursing  a  I'Universite  de  Saskat- 
chewan. 


Vol.  38  No.  5 


>#^v. 


What  can  a  man  believe  in? 


Is  Nothing  in  this  changing  world  unalterable?  Are 
there  no  values  to  which  we  can  cling?  What  can  a 
man  believe  in? 

Well,  for  one  thing,  there's  the  confidence  a  baby 
has  in  its  mother;  the  yearning  with  which  her  arms 
reach  out  for  her  little  one. 

Look  around  and  you'll  find  many  other  examples 
close  at  hand.  Ideals  that  we  defend  with  fierce  con- 
viction. Simple  everyday  truths  that  are  rooted  in  the 
language  —  "women  and  children  first";  "honour  thy 
father  and  mother";  "give  me  liberty  or  give  me 
death";  "a  man's  home  is  his  castle." 

To  these  should  be  added  one  more.  Pride  in  work 
well  done.  The  satisfaction  that  goes  with  believing 
that  the  priceless  ingredient  of  every  product  is  the 
honour  and  integrity  of  its  maker. 


lOOK   fOk    ini   CUiMfSOl   NUMBE8? 
...  ON  EVERY  SQUIBB  PRODUCT 


Every  Squibb  product  —  whether 
made  especially  for  prescription 
by  the  medical  profession  or  for 
proper  everyday  use  in  the  home 
—  bears  an  individual  control 
number.  It  means  that  each  de- 
tail in  the  product's  making  has 
been  checked  against  rigid  Squibb 
standards  and  recorded  under  that 
number  at  the  Squibb  Labora- 
tories. Look  for  the  name  and 
control  number  when  you  buy. 
You    can^  believe    in    Squibb. 


E- R: Squibb  &  Sons  of  Canada,  Ltd. 

MANUFACTURING     CHEMISTS    TO    THE     MEDICAL     PROFESSION     SINCE     1850 
THE     PRICELESS     INGREDIENT     OF     EVERY     PRODUCT    IS     THE     HONOUR       AND       INTEGRITY       OF       ITS       MAKER 


338 


THE    CANADIAN   NURSE 


5.  Des  demandes  ont  ete  faites  aupres  du 
gouvernement  federal  pour  qu'une  aide  fi- 
nanciere  soit  accordee  a  rAssociation  des 
infirmieres  du   Canada. 

Notre  Association  provinciale,  ce  sont  nos 
problemes  qu'elle  a  presente  a  I'Association 
des  Garde- Malades  du  Canada  et  cette  der- 
niere  en  nous  demandant  d'appliquer  les 
remedes  ou  recommandations  ne  nous  con- 
seille-t-elle  pas  de  voir  a  nos  propres  affai- 
res, de  s'occuper  de  notre  sante  profession- 
nelle?  Je  demande  a  chacune  de  ne  pas  res- 
ter  indifferente  meme  si  elle  est  satisfaite 
de  son  sort,  mais  si  elle  a  fait  sa  part,  qu'el- 
le ne  soit  pas  indifferente  qu'elle  prepare 
I'avenir. 

Devant  le  travail   qui   nous   reste  a   faire, 


une  fable  me  vient  a  I'esprit  c'est  celle  du 
vieillard  qui  sentant  sa  fin  prochaine  dit  a 
ses  fils :  "Un  tresor  est  enfoui  dans  mon 
champ."  Un  peu  comme  le  fils  de  ce  vieil- 
lard nous  n'avons  exploite  qu'une  partie  de 
nos  richesses,  sans  faire  rendre  a  nos  talents 
tout  ce  qu'ils  pouvaient  rapporter,  sans  trop 
achalander  nos  ecoles  pour  plus  de  savoir, 
sans  retourner  vers  nos  hopitaux  pour  plus 
d'experience. 

Mais  pour  avoir  notre  grande  place  au  so- 
leil  de  I'avenir  et  cela  en  ayant  des  chefs,  des 
infirmieres  parfaitement  preparees,  des  in- 
firmieres specialisees,  faisons  comme  le 
fils  du  vieillard  de  la  fable.  Travaillons  en- 
semble notre  terre,  notre  profession,  pour 
que  chaque  grain  rapporte  cent  pour  un, 
pour  qu'elle  demeure  notre  patrimoine. 


Victorian  Order  of  Nurses  for  Canada 


The  following  are  the  staff  appointments 
to,  transfers,  and  resignations  from  the  Vic- 
torian Order  of  Nurses  for  Canada : 

Miss  Jean  Leask  has  been  appointed  to 
the  supervisory  staff  of  the  Toronto  Branch. 
Miss  Leask  is  a  graduate  of  the  School  of 
Nursing,  University  of  Toronto,  and  has 
recently  completed  one  year  of  study  and 
observation  of  public  health  nursing  in  the 
United  States  and  Canada  under  a  Rocke- 
feller Foundation  scholarship.  Previously, 
Miss  Leask  was  nurse-in-charge  of  the  Re- 
gina  Branch. 

Miss  Phyllis  Dawson,  a  graduate  of  the 
School  of  Nursing,  University  of  Toronto, 
has  been  appointed  to  the  Toronto  Branch. 

Miss  _Olive  Bell,  Miss  Kathlyn  McDon- 
nell, graduates  of  the  Ottawa  General  Hos- 
pital, and  Miss  Marie  Kaufman  and  Miss 
Ruth  Coldham,  graduates  of  St.  Mary's  Hos- 
pital, Kitchener,  having  completed  two 
months'  supervised  experience  on  the  Mont- 
real staff  introductory  to  Victorian  Order 
work,  have  been  posted  respectively  to 
Chatham,  Woodstock  (Ontario),  Montreal, 
and  Gait. 

Miss  Dorothy  Paulin  has  been  transferred 
temporarily  from  the  Vancouver  Branch  to 


the  Westbank   Branch  as  nurse-in-charge. 

Miss  Dorothy  Fowler  has  been  trans- 
ferred from  the  Sydney  Branch  to  the 
Sackville    Branch   as   nurse-in-charge. 

Miss  Ellen  Linton  has  been  transferred 
from  the  Sackville  Branch  to  relieve  tem- 
porarily as  nurse-in-charge  of  the  Amherst 
Branch. 

Miss  Margaret  Baker  has  been  transferred 
from  the  Montreal  Branch  to  the  Sackville 
Branch. 

Miss  Helen  Rush  has  been  promoted  from 
staff  nurse  to  nurse-in-charge  of  the  Gait 
Branch. 

Miss  Flora  Breese  has  resigned  from  the 
Border  Cities  Branch  to  accept  a  position 
as  school  nurse  in  Windsor. 

Miss  Anne  McNichol  has  resigned  from 
the  Amherst  Branch. 

Miss  Jessie  Addison  has  resigned  from 
the  Winnipeg  Branch  to  accept  a  position 
as  school  nurse  in  Calgary. 

Miss  Phyllis  Kitchen  has  resigned  from 
the  Toronto   Branch  to  be  married. 

Miss  Margaret  Brisbin  has  resigned  from 
the  Chatham  Branch. 

Miss  Martina  McDonald  has  resigned 
from  the  Dartmouth  Branch. 


Vol.  38  No.  5 


Jaw  Bones  from  Ribs 

Xew  noses,  new  cheek  bones,  new  jaws, 
built  up  for  the  most  part  from  the  owner's 
ribs  are  among  the  achievements  of  plastic 
surgeons  in  Britain's  hospitals  today.  Al- 
though the  heaviest  air  "blitz"  kills  or  maims 
only  a  fraction,  of  the  total  estimated  before 
the  Luftwaffe  came,  the  proportion  receiving 
facial  injuries  is  high.  Thirty  years  ago  many 
of  these  mutilations  would  have  been  beyond 
remedy.  Today  the  plastic  surgeon  can  vir- 
tually restore  most  of  the  features  to  nor- 
mality. He  will  graft  as  much  as  a  hundred 
square  inches  of  skin  from  one  part  of  the 
patient's  body  to  another.  A  section  of  rib, 
six  inches  long,  becomes  a  jaw  bone.  A  wo- 
man smiling  to  greet  a  friend  does  so  thanks 
to  the  section  of  sciatic  nerve  that  keeps 
normal  a  face  which  would  have  been  per- 
manently twisted  by  deep  glass  wounds. 
Every  week  the  surgeons  of  Britain  are  slow- 
ly and  successfully  rebuilding  these  features 
damaged  by  splinters  and  fragments  of  fly- 
ing glass,  wood  and  steel. 


Reductio  ad  Absurdum 

If  gorged  with   food  and  drink. 

We  cannot  use  our  intellects  — 

(Latin  Grammar  —  top  of  page). 

"You  are  too  fat"  —  the  doctor  said, 

.\nd  nodded  his  sagacious  head  — 

"If  I  get  thin,"  the  nurse  replied, 

■'My  spirit  will  be  sorely  tried  I 

For  I  like  pastry,  candy,  cake, 

Of  salads  drenched  in  oil  partake!" 

"And  3-0U  stay  fat",  he  calmly  stated, 

"Your  years  of  life  will  soon  be  dated." 

And  so  she  lost  by  night,  by  day, 

In  every  kind  and  sort  of  way. 

Since  then  four  months  have  passed  in  line 

The  scale  now  reads  —  one  thirty-nine 

We  cannot  see  where  she  is  brighter 

But  must  admit  she  is  much  lighter. 

Rose  Mary  Tanscy 


"OH,  PALMOLIVE  — 

MY  FAVOURITE  SOAP!  I'M  SO 

GLAD  YOU  USE  IT  HERE  TOO!" 


^ 


Nurses  and  Patients  Agree: 

PALMOLIVE 

makes  bathing  more  pleasant 

Nurses  know  how  beneficial  Olive  and 
Palm  Oils  are  to  sensitive  skin.  That's 
why,  when  it  comes  to  soaps,  they 
choose  Palmolive,  the  only  leading 
toilet  soap  made  with  the  costliest 
blend  of  soothing  Olive  and  Palm  Oils 
—  Nature's  finest  skin  conditioners. 
Palnaolive  is  a  purely  vegetable  soap 
...  no  animal  fats  ...  no  artificial 
colouring  ...  no  bleaches  that  some- 
times irritate  sensitive  skin.  Palmolive 
is  as  pure  as  a  soap  can  be! 


PALMOLIVE 

is  one 

of  the 

"little 

things" 

patients 

call 

important! 


^1   '^^ 


More  patients  use  Palmolive  at  home 
than   any   other  leading  beauty  soap! 


J 


MAY,  1942 


339 


340 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


McCILL 
UNIVERSITY 

School  for  Graduate  Nurses 

The     following     one-year     certificate 

courses     are     offered     to     graduate 

nurses : 

TEACHING  AND 

SUPERVISION    IN    SCHOOLS 

OF   NURSING 

PUBLIC    HEALTH    NURSING 

ADMINISTRATION  IN 

HOSPITALS    AND    SCHOOLS 

OF   NURSING 

ADMINISTRATION  AND 

SUPERVISION 

IN  PUBLIC  HEALTH 

NURSING 

For  information  apply  to: 

School    for    Graduate    Nurses 
McGill   University,   Montreal. 


ROYAL  VICTORIA  HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL  OF  NURSING 

MONTREAL 

Courses  for  Graduate  Nurses 

(1)  A  three-months  course  is  offered 
in  Obstetrical  Nursing.  (2)  A  two- 
months  course  is  offered  in  Gyne- 
cological Nursing.  For  further 
information  apply  to  Miss  Caroline 
Barrett,  R.N.,  Supervisor,  Women's 
Pavilion,  Royal  Victoria  Hospital. 


(3)  A  course  in  operating  room 
technique  and  management  is  of- 
fered to  nurses  with  graduate  ex- 
perience  in  operating  room  work. 

(4)  Courses  are  also  offered  in 
medical  nursing;  surgical  nursing; 
nursing  in  diseases  of  the  eye,  ear, 
nose  and  throat;  nursing  in  uro- 
logy. For  further  information  apply 
to  Miss  F.  Munroe,  R.N.,  Superin- 
tendent of  Nurses,  Royal  Victoria 
Hospital. 


NEWS    NOTE  S 

ALBERTA 

Ponoka: 

Mrs.  R.  Headly,  of  Ponoka.  made  a  recent 
meeting  of  Ponoka  District,  No.  2,  A. A.R.N, 
very  interesting  by  giving  an  informative 
lecture  on  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States. 

Miss  Clara  Schnell  has  joined  the  Military 
Nursing  Sisters  who  are  to  be  assigned  to 
duty  in  South  Africa.  Aliss  Frances  Langley 
is  doing  private  duty  nursing  in  Calgary. 
Miss  Mildred  Nelson  has  returned  from 
duty  at  the  Regina  General  Hospital  Psy- 
chiatric Unit.  Miss  Margaret  Tamblyn  has 
been  transferred  to  duty  at  the  Provincial 
Mental  Hospital,  Oliver.  She  will  be  super- 
visor of  a  new  wing  recently  opened  there. 

Lethbridge: 

Miss  Frances  Harvey,  superintendent  of 
Gait  Hospital,  attended  the  annual  meeting 
of  the  A.A.R.N.  which  was  held  in  Edmon- 
ton. Miss  Ruth  Hooper  and  Miss  Deborah 
Bond  represented  the  private  duty  nurses 
of  Lethbridge  District,  No.  8,  A.A.R.N. 

Miss  Phyllis  Clarke  has  accepted  a  posi- 
tion at  the  Vancouver  General  Hospital. 
Miss  Irene  Kennedy  (Gait  Hospital)  has 
accepted  a  position  at  the  Kelowna  Hospital. 
B.C.  Miss  E.  Elsgard  (Gait  Hospital)  has 
accepted  a  position  at  Vernon,  B.  C.  Miss  D. 
Shaw  (Gait  Hospital)  has  accepted  a  posi- 
tion at  the  Claresholm  Hospital,  Alta.  Miss 
Agnes  Orr  (Yorkton  Queen  Victoria  Hos- 
pital, 1939),  who  has  been  on  the  staff  of 
the  St.  Michael's  Hospital  for  the  past  year, 
has  been  accepted  by  the  R.C.A.M.C. 

Married :  Recently.  Miss  Olive  Cardwell 
(Gah  Hospital)  to  Mr.  Robert  Faulds. 

Edmonton: 

Royal  Alexandra  Hospital: 

The  Royal  Alexandra  Hospital  Alumnae 
Association  entertained  recently  at  a  ban- 
quet in  honour  of  the  1942  graduating  class. 
About  200  guests  were  present.  The  speaker 
was  the  Rev.  Canon  A.  M.  Trendell  who 
gave  a  most  inspiring  address.  We  were 
delightfully  entertained  in  music  by  the  Royal 
Alexandra  Nurses  Choral  Club.  A  highlight 
of  the  evening  was  a  presentation  of  a  scho- 
larship of  $250  from  the  Alumnae  Associa- 
tion to  Miss  Annie  Swift,  of  the  class  of 
1940,  who  plans  to  take  a  postgraduate  course 
in  ward  teaching  and  supervision  at  the 
School  of   Nursing,  University  of  Toronto. 

The  staff  of  the  Royal  Alexandra  Hos- 
pital entertained  recently  for  the  following 
nurses  who  are  leaving  for  duty  in  South 
Africa — Miss    Rita    Cameron,    Aliss    Evelyn 


Vol.  38  No.  5 


NEWS  NOTES 


341 


Sutherland,  Miss  Sadie  MacDonald,  and  also 
for  Mrs.  Dorothy  Halpenny  who  has  re- 
ceived an  appointment  in  the  Naval  Service, 
and  Miss  Evelyn  Gault  who  is  to  be  married 
shortlv. 


BRITISH  COLUMBIA 

Trail: 

On  March  13  the  Nelson,  Trail,  Rossland 
and  Nakusp-New  Denver  chapters  met  in 
Trail,  for  their  second  annual  meeting  which 
was  attended  by  95  members.  The  meeting 
was  preceded  by  a  banquet  at  which  Miss 
Vera  Eidt,  superintendent  of  Kootenay  Lake 
Hospital,  presided  and  Miss  E.  Mallory, 
provincial  registrar,  was  the  guest  speaker. 
Miss  Eidt  gave  a  brief  outline  of  the  acti- 
vities of  the  District,  the  highlight  being  the 
formation  of  the  fourth  chapter,  namely  the 
"Silver  Arrow  Chapter",  which  was  formed 
on  March  23,  consisting  of  nurses  from 
Nakusp  and  New  Denver.  Reports  given  by 
each  of  the  chapters  covered  the  work  done 
and  emphasized  their  success  in  fulfilling 
a  need  of  contact  with  one  another.  Sister 
Annunciata.  of  the  Rossland  Chapter,  in  hor 
report  of  the  hospital  and  school  of  nursing 
section,  stressed  three  facts  which  are  of 
vital  importance  to  the  nursing  profession  as 
a  whole :  the  need  of  stimulating  student  en- 
rolments ;  the  training  of  nurses'  aides  in 
connection  with  the  Red  Cross  for  war  emer- 
gencies ;  better  training  methods  for  stu- 
dents and  more  post-graduate  work  for  grad- 
uates. In  her  address  Miss  Mallory  empha- 
sized the  shortage  of  nurses  during  the  pre- 
sent conditions  and  ways  in  which  the  prob- 
lem might  be  overcome  without  endangering 
nursing  standards. 

Vancouver: 

The  University  Nurses  Club,  which  in- 
cludes all  graduates  of  the  public  health  nurs- 
ing course  and  the  teaching  and  supervision 
course  at  the  University  of  British  Colum- 
bia, recently  held  a  delightful  tea.  Although 
the  club  is  centred  in  Vancouver,  many 
members  from  Eraser  Valley  points  and 
Vancouver  Island  were  present.  Miss  Alena 
Croll   was   in   charge   of   arrangements. 

A  short  business  meeting  was  held,  when 
the  executive  for  the  coming  year  w-as  elec- 
ted and  presented  to  the  group.  They  in- 
clude Miss  Margaret  Kerr  as  honourary 
president ;  Miss  Florence  Barbaree,  presi- 
dent :  Miss  Marion  Wismer,  vice-president ; 
Miss  Alma  Buckley,  corresponding  secre- 
tary :  !Miss  Dorothy  Tate,  secretary-treasu- 
rer :  social  convener.  Miss  Jean  Dods.  The 
club  has  forwarded  a  resolution  to  the  Re- 
gistered Nurses  Association  of  British  Col- 
umbia offering  their  assistance  for  any  spe- 
cial duties  in  relation  to  war  emergencies 
which  the  Association  might  assign  to  them. 

MAY,  1942 


THREE  FAMOUS 
PRODUCTS 

FOR  BABY  CARE 


To  nurses  and  motlaers  alike,  one  of 
the  most  important  factors  in  baby 
care  is  the  choice  of  reliable  toilet  pre- 
parations. 

•  Baby's  Own  SOAP  has  been  the 
choice  of  generations  of  nurses  and 
mothers  because  it  is  made  especially 
for  babies  from  the  finest,  purest  ma- 
terials obtainable.  Baby's  Own  Soap 
contains  lanoline,  soothing  to  baby's 
delicate  skin. 

•  Baby's  Own  POWDER  is  a  scien- 
tifically manufactured  borated  talc 
prepared  especially  for  babies  to  pre- 
vent skin  irritation,   chafing   or   rash. 

•  Baby's  Own  OIL  is  a  pure,  bland 
oil  containing  no  antiseptic  and  espe- 
cially blended  for  the  delicate  tissues 
uf  baby's  skin.  Non-sticky,  it  forms  a 
protective  film  against  moisture  and 
irritation. 

All  three  of  these  products  are  pre- 
pared particularly  for  use  in  the  Nur- 
sery and  are  hygienically  manufactured 
to  measure  up  to  clinical  standards. 

You  may   recommend   Baby's   Own 
Products  with  confidence. 


DcSn\s\Jwn 

PRODUCTS 


342 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


Junket 


HEN  your  patients 
gag  at  plain  milk,  mix 
"JUNKET"  RENNET 
POWDER  in  lukewarm 
milk  and  let  it  set  for  ten 
minutes.  You  will  then  have 
a  light  delicious  rennet- 
custard  such  as  the  most 
delicate  patient  can  take 
without  difficulty. 
The  nourishment  of  the 
milk  is  enhanced  by  the 
rennet  enzyme,  which  helps 
digestion. 

Six   flavours,  vanilla,  cho- 
colate, lemon,  orange,  rasp- 
berry     and      maple,      give 
piquant  variety. 
"Junket"     Rennet     Powder 
"Junket"     Rennet    Tablets 
(Note:     the     Tablets     are     not 
flavoured.    Add    sugar   or    fla- 
vouring      to       suit      patient's 
taste. ) 

Order  from 

"THE  'JUNKEr  FOLKS" 

Chr.   Hansen's  Laboratory 
833   King  St.  West     -     Toronto,  Ont. 


"'nnet-Custarii' 

''*NIH.A    FLAVO" 


Experienced  Nurses  Know 

SI@l)MA]NlS 

%4ft^'!^ioy^erts  POWDERS 

They  know  this  safe  and  gentle  aperient  is 
ideal  for  infants  and  children,  to  relieve 
constipation,  colic  and  feverishness  and 
keep  the  little  system  regular.  Steedman's 
Powders  can  be  used  with  perfect  con- 
fidence. Our  "Hints  to  Mothers"  booklet 
deals  sensibly  with  baby's  little  ailments — 
for  copies  and  samples  of  Steedman's 
Powders  write:  JOHN  STEEDMAN  &  CO., 
Dept.    10,   442   St.    Gabriel   St.,   MONTREAL. 


Be  identified  by  Cash's  special  style  D-54 
woven  name  on  wider  tape,  on  your  sleeve 
or  pocket.  Special  price  to  hospitals  —  $1 
for  minimum  order  of  1  doz.  Reduction 
for  quantities   of  three   dozen   and   over. 

CASH'S.    232    Grier    St..    BelleTtlle,    Ont. 


V ancouver  General  Hosfital: 

The  Vancouver  General  Hospital  Alum- 
nae Association  sponsored  two  most  oppor- 
tune and  stimulating  series  of  lectures  for 
graduate  nurses,  entitled  "War  Emergencies", 
and  dealing  with  such  vital  subjects  as  first 
aid,  wounds,  burns  and  shock,  control  of  in- 
cendiary bombs,  and  psychological  reactions 
in  emergencies.  The  need  of  such  refresher 
courses  was  shown  by  the  capacity  attend- 
ance at  both  series.  The  net  proceeds  of 
$320  were  donated  to  the  British  Xurses 
Relief  Fund. 


MANITOBA 

Winnipeg: 

Winnipeg  General  Hospital: 

The  Alumnae  Association  of  the  Winni- 
peg General  Hospital  recently  held  a  very 
successful  silver  tea.  The  president.  Miss 
Isabel  McDiarmid  (1921)  was  assisted  by 
the  honourary  president,  Mrs.  W.  A.  Moody 
(nee  Holland,  1892),  and  Miss  Catherine 
Lynch  (1924)  in  receiving  the  guests.  The 
proceeds  of  $187  were  donated  to  the  Bri- 
tish  Nurses   Relief  Fund. 

A'liss  Eva  Brown  (1940)  has  joined  the 
staff  of  the  Trans-Canada  Air  Lines.  Miss 
Isabel  McDiarmid  has  recently  been  ap- 
pointed director  of  the  social  service  de- 
partment in  the  W.  G.  H.  Miss  Mary  Weeks 
(  1941 )  has  accepted  a  staff  position  at  the 
W.  G.  H.  We  were  very  glad  to  hear  from 
Miss  O.  Wicks  (1928),  Miss  M.  Waugh 
(1931),  Miss  K.  King  (1937),  and  Miss  F. 
Olafson  (1937)  who  are  serving  in  South 
Africa. 


NOVA  SCOTIA 

Halifax: 

A  successful  conference  of  hospital  nurse 
administrators,  directors  of  nursing,  and  re- 
presentatives of  the  provincial  association 
was  held  recently  in  Halifax  to  discuss 
problems  of  hospital  nursing  services  in 
relation  to  the  recommendations  drawn  up 
by  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association.  Greet- 
ings to  the  conference  were  received  from 
Miss  Kathleen  Ellis  who  expressed  her  re- 
gret at  not  being  able  to  be  present.  Forty- 
one  representatives  of  hospitals  and  of  the 
nursing  association  branches  from  all  parts 
of  the  province  attended  the  meeting,  and 
the  discussions  were  freely  participated  in 
by  those  present.  Tea  was  served  at  the 
Children's  Hospital,  when  Mr.  Wright,  presi- 
dent of  the  Hospital  Association  of  Nova 
Scotia  and  Prince  Edward  Island,  spoke  on 
the  relationship  of  boards  of  directors  to 
the  nursing  service  of  their  hospitals. 

It  is  hoped  that  the  resolutions  adopted 
at  a  recent  meeting  by  the  executive  commit- 
tee of  the  Registered  Nurses  Association  of 

Vol.  38  No.  5 


NEWS  NOTES 

Nova  Scotia  will  result  in  relief  of  situa- 
tions that  are  becoming  acute. 

Miss  Kathleen  Ellis,  B.Sc,  Reg.  N., 
Emergency  Nursing  Advisor,  Canadian 
Nurses  Association,  recently  visited  Hali- 
fax. This  initial  visit  was  necessarily  a  brief 
one,  but  she  intends  to  visit  the  province 
at  a  later  date.  During  her  two  days  stay 
in  Halifax,  Miss  Ellis  made  contacts  with 
superintendents  of  hospitals,  superintendents 
of  nursing  schools  and  their  graduate  and 
student  staff,  leaders  in  public  health,  and 
representatives  of  the  University  and  of  the 
educational  department. 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Halifax 
Branch,  R.N. A.N. S.,  Major  Ernest  Janes, 
surgeon-in-chief  of  the  Cogswell  St.  Military 
Hospital,  gave  a  most  interesting  address  on 
recent  advances  in  war  surgery.  A  large 
number  of  military  nurses  were  present  as 
well  as  senior  and  affiliated  students  from 
the  various  schools  of  nursing.  The  attendance 
of  120  constituted  a  record. 


343 


ONTARIO 

District  1 


Chatham  : 

The  annual  meeting  of  District  1,  R.N. 
A.O.,  was  held  recently  in  Chatham.  Miss 
Jessie  Wilson,  of  St.  Thomas,  presided  at 
the  meeting  of  the  executive,  followed  by 
a  delightful  luncheon.  The  general  meeting 
opened  with  prayer  and  the  singing  of  "O 
Canada".  The  reports  of  the  sections  were 
gratifying  and  showed  keen  interest.  Major 
Doris  Barr  outlined  the  plans  for  the  R.N. 
A.O.  meeting  to  be  held  in  Windsor.  Dr. 
J.  L.  MacArthur,  in  an  address  on  obstetrics, 
stressed  the  importance  of  pre-natal  care, 
and  the  part  played  by  the  thyroid  gland 
in  relation  to  abortions.  Miss  Edith  Patter- 
son, dietitian,  of  the  Public  General  Hospital, 
Chatham,  spoke  on  the  importance  of  proper 
nutrition,  particularly  in  wartime.  She 
pointed  out  that  proper  nutrition  is  maintained 
not  only  by  eating  enough  food,  but  also  a 
sufficient  amount  of  the  right  kind. 

The  following  officers  were  elected  to  serve 
during  the  coming  year :  Chairman,  Mrs. 
C.  I.  Salmon,  Chatham ;  past  chairman.  Miss 
Jessie  Wilson,  St.  Thomas ;  first  vice-chair- 
man , Major  Doris  Barr.  Windsor:  second 
vice-chairman.  Miss  Madalene  Baker,  Lon- 
don ;  secretary-treasurer,  Miss  Anne  Kenny. 
Chatham ;  councillors :  London,  Miss  Isobel 
Stewart ;  St.  Thomas,  Miss  Edna  Wightman ; 
Strathroy,  Mrs.  Jean  Wilson ;  Petrolia,  Miss 
Ida  Rathwell ;  Sarnia,  Miss  Doris  Shaw ; 
Windsor,  Miss  Mary  Perrin ;  Chatham,  Miss 
Hazel  Gray ;  conveners  of  sections :  hospital 
and  school  of  nursing.  Miss  Priscilla  Camp- 
bell, Chatham:  general  nursing.  Miss  Helen 
O'Mahoney,  London;  public  health,  Miss 
Margaret  Armstrong,  London;  conveners  of 
committees :  membership.  Rev.  Sister  Roy, 
Windsor;    enrolment.    Miss    Delia    Birrell, 

MAY,  1942 


NBW  tmder-arm 

Cream  Deodorant  I 

safely  I 

Stops  Perspiration  I 


1.  Does  not  harm  dresses  —  does  not 
irritate  skin. 

2.  No  waiting  to  dry.  Can  be  used 
right  after  shaving. 

3.  Instantly  checks  perspiration  for  1 
to  3  days.  Removes  odor  from 
perspiration. 

4.  A  pure  white,  greaseless,  stainless 
vanishing  cream. 

5.  Arrid  has  been  awarded  the 
Approval  Seal  of  the  American 
Institute  of  Laundering,  for  being 
harmless  to  fabrics. 


Arrid  is  the  LARGEST 
SELLING  DEODOR- 
ANT. .  .Try  a  jar  today 
...  at  any  store  which 
sells  toilet  goods. 


ARRID 


39P 


a  jar 

AT  ALL  STORES  WHICH  SELL  TOILET  GOODS 
(Also  in  15  cent  and  59  cent  jars) 


344 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


UNIVERSITY  OF 
WESTERN  ONTARIO 

Division    of    Study     for 
GRADUATE        NURSES 

COURSES  OFFERED 

A    five-year    course     leading     to    the 

degree     of     Bachelor     of     Science     in 

Nursing. 


Courses,  covering  one  academic  year, 
ond   leading   to   Certificates   in    Public 
Health   Nursing,   Hospital  Administra- 
tion, Instructor  in  Schools  of 
Nursing. 


For  information   apply  to: 

CHIEF: 

Division  of  Study  for  Graduate 

Nurses 

FACULTY  AND   INSTITUTE   OF 

PUBLIC    HEALTH 

London,  Canada. 


REGISTRATION  OF  NURSES 
Province   of    Ontario 


EXAMINATION 
ANNOUNCEMENT 


An  examination  for  the  Registra- 
tion of  Nurses  in  the  Province  of 
Ontario  will  be  held  on  Mav  27th. 
28th,  and  29th. 

Application  forms,  information  re- 
garding subjects  of  examination  and 
general  information  relating  thereto, 
may  be  had  upon  written  application 
to: 

ALEXANDRA    M.    MUNN,    Reg.    N., 
Parliament    Buildings,  Toronto 


London;  publications,  Miss  Nellie  M.  Wil- 
liams, London;  circulation  of  The  Canadian 
Nurse,   Miss   Beryl   Crawford,   London. 

The  nurses  were  guests  of  the  Public 
General  riospitai  and  St.  Joseph  Alumnae 
Associations  at  a  delightful  tea.  The  spring 
meeting  will  be  held  in  St.  Thomas  on  Tune 
6,  1942. 


Districts  2  and  3 

GUELPH   : 

Gnelfh  General  Hosfttal  : 

Miss  Ida  Malloy  and  Miss  Lois  Black  are 
doing  industrial  nursing  in  St.  Catharines 
and  Peterborough  respectively.  Mrs.  J.  M. 
Black  and  Miss  Marguerite  Singer  are 
leaving  shortly  for  military  service  in 
South  Africa — Mrs.  Black  has  been  night 
supervisor  of  the  Guelph  General  Hospital 
for  the  past  five  years.  Word  has  been  re- 
ceived that  Miss  Helen  Hall  arrived  in 
South  Africa  in  the  early  part  of  the 
year. 

Miss  Marguerite  He\\itt  left  Canada  re- 
cently   for    military    service    overseas. 

Kitchener  : 

The  regular  monthly  meeting  of  the  Alum- 
nae Association  of  Kitchener  and  \\'aterloo 
Hospital  was  held  recently.  The  guests 
were  the  members  of  St.  Mary's  Hospital 
Alumnae  Association,  and  the  local  chapter 
members.  A  musical  program  and  a  social 
hour  were  enjoyed  by  all. 

Stratford : 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Alumnae 
Association  of  the  Stratford  General  Hos- 
pital Mrs.  H.  M.  Aitken,  of  Toronto,  spoke 
on    "To-morrow    Will    Come". 

Miss  C.  Attwood  and  Miss  A.  C.  Ballan- 
tyne  attended  the  R.N.A.O.  annual  meet- 
ing in  Windsor  as  representatives  from  the 
S.G.H.  staff.  Miss  O.  Bell  represented  the 
student   body. 


District  4 


Hamilton: 

Hamilton  G-eneral  Hospital: 

Miss  Ada  Squires,  of  the  staff  of  the 
H.G.H.,  is  now  on  active  service  with  the 
R.C.A.M.C. 

The  following  marriages  have  recently 
taken  place :  \'erna  Nicholson  to  L.  Purnell ; 
Gertrude  Switzer  to  William  Beaver ;  Edna 
Scott  to  Stanley   Broughton. 


VoL   38  No.  5 


NEWS  NOTES 


345 


District  5 

Toronto: 

St.  Michaers  Hospital  : 

The  spring  meeting  of  St.  Michael's  Hos- 
pital Alumnae  Association  was  held  recently 
when  the  election  of  new  officers  took  place. 
Principal  discussion  centred  around  a  motion 
offering  two  scholarships  each  year — one  to 
a  graduating  student  nurse,  as  usual,  and 
the  other  to  a  graduate  w-ho  has  been 
practising  two  years  or  more.  The  majority 
of  the  members  took  an  active  part  which 
we  felt  was  an  encouraging  indication  of  the 
growing  interest  in  postgraduate  study.  The 
final  motion  passed  offered  a  scholarship 
of  $300  to  each  nurse  with  the  option  of 
borrowing  another  hundred  dollars,  if  de- 
sired, from  the  Alumnae  Association.  Miss 
MacKay,  of  the  H\dro  Electric  Co.  of  On- 
tario, gave  an  interesting  talk  on  industrial 
nursing. 

Hosfital  for  Sick  Children  : 

A  meeting  of  the  Alumnae  Association  of 
the  Hospital  for  Sick  Children  was  held  re- 
cently when  Dr.  T.  A.  Robinson,  of  St. 
Michael's  Hospital,  gave  an  interesting  and 
instructive  talk  on  recent  advances  in  modern 
surgery.  This  address  dealt  particularly  with 
the  sulphonamides  and  pentothal  as  a  boon 
to    surgeons.    A    social    hour    followed. 


District 


Ottawa  : 

Ottmva  General  Hosfital: 

The  following  nurses  from  the  Ottawa 
General  Hospital  have  enlisted  for  war 
services  :  In  the  R.C.A.M.C. :  Nursing  Sisters 
K.  Bailey  (1922).  Gladys  Clarke  (1922), 
Anita  Mercier  (1933),  R.  Desrochers  (1935). 
These  have  arrived  overseas.  At  present 
stationed  at  Rideau  Military  Hospital,  Otta- 
wa, are:  D.  Brennan  (1929),  Anita  Bergeron 
(1932),  Willa  Ahern  (1935).  At  Kingston 
are:  Roberta  MacDonald  (1938),  Gladys  Ar- 
caud  (1932).  Enlisted  in  the  nursing  service 
of  the  R.C.A.F.  are:  Muriel  Kavanagh 
(1936),  Laurence  Larocque  (1933).  Kathleen 
Costello  (1934),  Jeanine  Coupal  (1937). 
In  the  R.C.X.V.R.  at  St.  Hvacinthe  are: 
Sausta  McCullough  (1930),  Margaret  Do- 
lan   (1930). 

Cornwall  : 

Cornwall  General  Hosfital  : 

The  following  marriages  of  graduates  of 
the  School  of  Nursing  of  Cornwall  General 
Hospital  have  recently  taken  place:  Miss 
Eleanor  Ruston  to  Mr.  Delorma  S.  Fenton ; 
Miss  Beulah  Vivian  Kincaid  to  Mr.  Herbert 
Allister  Quart. 


HEADQUARTERS 

FOR  THE  GENERAL  MEETING 

OF  THE 

CANADIAN  NURSES 

ASSOCIATION 

June  22nd-27th,  1942. 
ON     DOMINION      SQUARE 


WH1T€ 


TUBE   CREME 


Preferred  by  Nurses 
for  continued  use  as 
if  cleans  beffer,  works 
faster,  and  contains 
ingredients  to  pre- 
serve fine  footwear. 
Made  in  Canada  by 
Canadians  specializing 
in  the  manufacture 
of  fine  shoe  dressings. 
Sample  tube  mailed 
to  any  nurse  on  re- 
quest to: 

EVERETT  &   BARRON 

OF  CANADA,  LTD., 

914    Dufferin    St. 

Toronto. 


WIL  NOT  RUB  Off 


MAY,  1942 


346 


THE    CANADIAN   NURSE 


NURSING  IN  PREVENTION 

AND  CONTROL  OF 

TUBERCULOSIS 

By  H.  W.  Hetherington.  M.D.,  M.R.C.P. 
(London)      and     Fannie     Eshleman,     R.N., 

B.S.  316  pages.  Illustrated  with  photographs 
and  charts.  $3.50. 

This  is  a  textbook  for  the  instruction  of 
under-graduate  nurses  and  a  guide  for  the 
public  health  nurse  which,  because  of  the 
material  on  prevention  and  general  care  in 
the  home,  will  also  have  considerable  inter- 
est and  value  for  both  laymen  and  phy- 
sicians. All  aspects  ot  the  disease,  its 
manifestations,  diagnosis,  and  complica- 
tions are  clearly  and  carefully  discussed. 

McAinsh  &  Co.  Limited 

Dealers   in    Good    Books    Since    1885 
388   Yonge   St.  Toronto 


DOCTORS'  and   NURSES' 
DIRECTORY 

212  Balmoral   St.,  Winnipeg 

A  Directory  for: 

Doctors,  and  Registered  Nurses 

Victorian  Order  of  Nurses 

(night  calls,  Sundays,  and  holidays 

ONLY) 

Practical  Nurses 

Twenty-four  hour  service. 

p.  Bkownell,    Reg.    N.,     Registrar 


THE  CENTRAL 

REGISTRY    OF    GRADUATE 

NURSES,   TORONTO 

Furniah  Nurses 
at  any  hour 
DAY  or  NIGHT 

TELEPHONE     Klngsdale  2136 

Physicians'      and      Surgeons'      Bldg., 

86    Bloor   Street,    West,    TORONTO 

HELEN   CARRUTHERS.   Rejr.   N. 


The  American  Hospital  Bureau 

1825  Empire  State  Building 
New  York  City 

Offers  to  Hospitals  in  Canada  and  the 
United  State*  a  professional  placement 
scrrlce  for  Hospital  and  Narsins  School 
Administrators,  Instmctorm,  Saperrisors, 
Anaesthetists,  Dietitians,  Technicians,  and 
General  Dntj  Norses.  All  credentials  per- 
sonally   rerlfled. 

C.  M.  Powell,  R.  N.,  Director 


District  9 

North  Bay  : 

At  a  recent  Chapter  meeting  motion  pic- 
tures were  shown  of  Hawaii.  It  has  been 
decided  to  hold  a  bake  sale  to  raise  funds 
for  the  British  Nurses  Relief  Fund. 

Sault  Ste.  Marie  : 

Dr.  C.  H.  Greig  recently  addressed  the 
Chapter  on  the  various  treatments  now  in 
use  for  war  wounds  as  compared  with 
treatments  used  in  the  Great  War  and  Spanish 
War. 

Miss  Madalene  Baker,  of  London,  Ontario, 
presented  the  growing  need  for  organizing 
a  central  registry,  emphasizing  that  registries 
strengthen  the  relationship  between  physi- 
cians, nurses  and  laymen,  and  between  hos- 
pitals and  nurses.  An  investigating  com- 
mittee was  appointed  to  study  this  subject. 

KiRKLAND  Lake  : 

Miss  Vera  Hall,  convener  of  the  aid  to 
the  British  Nurses  Relief  Fund,  reported 
that  an  average  of  $10  a  month  had  been 
collected.  The  holding  of  a  class  on  air  raid 
precautions  is  under  consideration. 

Sudbury  : 

A  meeting  was  held  recently  when  Miss 
Madalene  Baker  addressed  the  nurses  re- 
garding the  establishing  of  a  central 
registry.  Miss  Baker  was  guest  of  honour 
at  a  tea  held  at  the  Copper  Cliff  Club. 
Practice  of  first  aid  procedures  follows  the 
regular   chapter   meetings. 

Ways  and  means  of  raising  money  for 
the  British  Nurses  Relief  Fund  was  con- 
sidered at  a  recent  Chapter  meeting.  The 
students  of  St.  Joseph's  Hospital  have  con- 
tributed to  this   fund. 


Muskoka  : 

At  a  Chapter  meeting  held  recently  Dr. 
M.  M.  Fisher,  of  Gravenhurst,  addressed  the 
meeting  on  the  advancement  made  in  medical 
research  in  the  past  twenty  years.  Inter- 
esting motion  pictures  were  shown  by  Mr. 
Norman  Wright.  Miss  Adelaide  McKnight 
read  a  paper  on  Japan  giving  facts  regard- 
ing its  particular  and  peculiar  attitude  and 
belief  in  its  divine  right  and  fatalistic  view- 
point. 

Closer  co-operation  is  to  be  maintained 
with  the  local  Red  Cross  in  connection  with 
the  collection  of  salvage. 


Vol.  38  No.  5 


NEWS  NOTES 


QUEBEC 


Montreal: 

Montreal  Gcjieral  Hospital: 

Miss  Catherine  McKim  (.1933),  Miss 
Margaret  Lindsay  (1939),  and  Miss  Olga 
Morgan  (1938)  have  been  appointed  as 
nursmg  sisters  to  serve  in  the  military  hos- 
pitals m  South  Africa.  Miss  Anne  Cromwrell 
(1925)  and  Miss  E.  C.  Schroeder  (1939) 
have  been  appointed  nursing  sisters  to  serve 
with  the  R.C.A.M.C.  and  are  on  the  staff 
of  a  western  hospital  overseas.  Miss  Isabel 
Murphy  (1926),  who  has  been  on  the  staff 
of  Dr!  Kelley's  Hospital  at  Hawkesbury, 
Ontario,  has  been  appointed  to  the  R.C.A.- 
M.C. as  nursing  sister. 

The  following  marriages  have  recently 
taken  place:  J.  Alarion  Lawton  (1941)  to 
Harold  D.  Parsons;  Florence  Miller  (1940) 
to  William  R.  Mason. 

Royal   Victoria  Hospital: 

Madame  Pozmanzka,  who  was  the  guest 
speaker  at  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Alum- 
nae Association  of  the  Royal  Victoria  Hos- 
pital, gave  an  interesting  talk  on  "Poland  — 
Past  and  Present".  A  recent  visitor  to  the 
School  of  Nursing  was  Mrs.  A.  C.  Farlinger 
(Sara  McCorquodale,  1919).  Miss  Jean 
MacKenzie.  head  nurse  on  Ward  G,  Men's 
Surgical  Ward,  has  resigned. 

The  following  marriages  of  Royal  Vic- 
toria Hospital  graduates  have  recently  taken 
place:  Esther  Hood  (1939)  to  Dr.  T.  H. 
West;  E.  Jean  Blenkhorn  (1940)  to  Sgt.  E. 
Frank  Carey,  R.C..\.M.C. ;  Ellen  Smith 
(1939)    to  Clinton   McCutcheon. 

Jewish  General  Hospital  : 

The  nursing  staff  of  the  Jewish  General 
Hospital  have  donated  $36.75  to  the  Cana- 
dian Red  Cross  Russian  .Appeal  as  the  re- 
sult of  a  recent  entertainment,  and  $27.50  to 
the  Canadian  Red  Cross  as  the  result  of  a 
similar  party  held  at  a  later  date. 


SASKATCHEWAN 
Regina: 

Regina  General  Hospital: 

Very  successful  refresher  courses  for  inac- 
tive nurses  have  been  held  during  the  winter 
months  under  the  auspices  of  the  Hospital 
and  School  of  Nursing  Section  of  the  Sas- 
katchewan Registered  Nurses  Association  at 
Humboldt,  Moose  Jaw.  Prince  .\lbert.  Sas- 
katoon, and  Regina.  Publicity  was  given  to 
the  venture  through  the  press  and  radio. 
Among  the  subjects  was  included  a  course 
in  first  aid  by  an  instructor  of  the  St.  John 
Ambulance    Association.    A    short    intensive 

MAY.  1942 


Hope 
of  the 


Future 

Keep  them  healtliy — let  Baby's  Own  Tablets 
help  you.  Pleasant,  simple  tablet  triturates,  they 
can  be  safely  depended  upon  for  relief  of  consti- 
pation, upset  stomach,  teething  fevers  and  other 
minor  ailments  of  babyhood.  Warranted  free  of 
narcotics  and  opiates.  A  standby  of  nurses  and 
mothers  for  over  40  years. 


BABY'S  OWN  Tablets 


Tested  Textbooks 
for  yiirsing  Courses 

SURGICAL  NURSING 
By  Robert  K.  Felter  and  Fran- 
ces West.  Third  and  greatly  im- 
proved edition.  This  textbook  is 
widely  used  in  nursing  schools. 
242  illustrations.  $4.40. 

MICROPJOLOGY.  PATHO- 
LOGY AND  NURSING 
By  Eugene  C.  Piette  and  Jean 
Martin  White.  Contains  invalu- 
able information  on  micro-or- 
ganisms; the  sulfanilamide  de- 
rivatives; the  vitamin  B  com- 
plex, and  other  topics.  113  illus- 
trations. $3.75. 

A  DICTIONARY  OF  FOOD 
AND  NUTRITION 
By  Lulu  G.  Graves  and  Clarence 
Wilbur  Taber,  Authoritative  in- 
formation on  nutrition  and  die- 
tetics, in  readily  available  form. 
$4.40. 


THE  RYERSON 

TORONTO 


PRESS 


348 


']'  H  K   CANADIAN   NURSE 


CHILDREN'S 
MEMORIAL  HOSPITAL 

Montraol,    Canado 

POST-GRADUATE    COURSE 
IN    PAEDIATRIC  NURSING 

A  Blx-monthn  cournii  l»  offered  to  Gradu- 
ttla  NurHef»  which  Include*  theoretical  In- 
•triicllon,  orKani'/ed  rlliilcal  toanhlntf  and 
experlenco    In    th«    followlnif    •ervlr«»; 

MFiDICAF,, 

SliKGICAI,, 

OK  IHOPAEDIC, 

INFANT. 

OUT-PATIENT. 

A    •prciiil    itiKly    of    the    Normal 
and  Conval<*i<'fnt  Child. 

A      cerllfli'iilt;      will      l<e     i;riiiilt<d      ii(ion     th« 
Biirc-Mnfiil     coiriiilctliin     of    the    courBe. 
ClaHHcn  Hdnri!ll<i<l   In   the  Hprlntf   and   Pall. 
Kiill     mnlnlennnre     will     l>«     jirovldsd.     No 
extra    riTniinerallon. 

For    furtlii'r    imrllciilarii    miply    to: 

Director  of  Nursing 
Children's   Memorial    Hospital 
MontrcaL 


Montreal  General  Hospital 
Scholarship 

The  Aluniiiac  Asvjciatiou  of  the 
MfJiitreal  Oiieral  Ilospital  Sduxil  ftir 
Nurses  offers  a  siliolarship  of 
$3(K).()()  to  a  rncmher  of  the  Assfxna- 
tioii  to  assist  Ikt  in  iiiuU-rlaUiiif?,  dur- 
ing tlir  Session  l'M2-4.?,  one  of  tlie 
regular  cdurses  Kiven  in  the  S<hof)l 
for  (iradnate  Nurses,  Mcfiill  Univer- 
sity, Montreal.  The  courses  offered 
are:  TcachiiiK  :iii<l  SuiKTvision  in 
.Schools  of  NursinR;  Puhlic  Health 
Nursing;  Administration  and  Super- 
vision in  f'uhlic  Ifealth  Nursing;  and 
Administration  in  Hospitals  and 
Schools  of  Nursing, 

For  further  information,  and  the 
necessary  forms,  please  ai)ply  to  Miw 
Catherine  I-  Anderson,  Montreal  Gen- 
eral Honpital.  ('i)Hii)lele(!  ;ii)i)li(atiitns 
should   Ik-   |.  i'nn,-,l   iM,l    111.  r   lliaii  June 

1,  1942. 


periorl  was  the  method  used  by  most  of  the 
Huhseetions,  In  Retina  the  cour»c  started 
ou  Nf)vemher  4,  aiul  a  two-hour  meeting  each 
week  was  carried  on  until  March  24.  A  sur- 
prisingly large  number  of  inactive  nurses 
registered,  and  were  most  enthusiastic.  Se- 
veral of  the  centres  have  either  given  or  are 
planning  to  offer  a  short  refresher  iH:ri(xl 
on  the  wards  of  the  local  hospitals. 

Miss  Georgiiia  tilasgow  (1941)  has  re- 
cently been  appointed  charge  nurse  of  Sur- 
gical Ward  J. 

.Married:  Recently,  Miss  Krna  Meyer  to 
Dr.  J.  j.   (iiiiningham. 


NEWFOUNDLAND 

St.  John's  : 

'I'he  .Newfotni'llaiid  firaduate  Nurses  As- 
sociation recently  held  a  me«-ting  with  Miss 
Rose  Berrigan  presiding.  The  speaker  of 
the  evening,  who  was  introduced  by  Miss 
Annie  Hishop,  was  Surgeon  Lieutenant  W.  C. 
MacKenzie,  R.C.N.V.R.,  who  siK)ke  on  the 
mrxlcrn  treatment  <)(  fresh  traumatic  wounds. 
The  tise  of  suli)hanilimide  powder,  after 
the  thorough  cleansing  of  wounrls,  was 
strongly  emphasized.  The  lecture  was  thor- 
oughly iMijoyed  and  closely  followed.  A  lively 
discussion  U»i\<  i)lace,  classic  cases  were 
presented,  leaving  no  doubt  as  to  the  effi- 
cacy of  the  treatment.  A  vote  of  thanks 
was  extended  to  the  speaker  by  Miss  Syretha 
S<|uires,  wlio  took  the  ojiportunity  to  give,  on 
behalf  of  the  Association,  a  hearty  welcome 
to  the  American  and  Canadian  nurses  who 
were  the  special  guests.  Miss  Squires  said, 
in  part,  "We  welcome  you  as  a  brave  band 
of  women  willing  to  undertake  the  vicissi- 
tudes of  army  nursing  in  any  part  of  the 
world,  and  thereby  emblazoning  the  Red 
Cross  on  the  banners  of  human  suffering". 
The  Atncrican  nurses  arc  under  the  super- 
vision of  Lieut.  Kurtz,  R.N.,  who  is  a  grad- 
uate of  the  well-known  Walter  Reed  Mili- 
tary Hospital.  Mrs.  Moshcr,  R.N,,  repre- 
sented the  U.S.  I'.ngineer's  Hospital,  and 
the  newly  a|)pointed  Matron  of  the  Naval 
Hospital,  Miss  Tibbard,  R.N,,  was  the  Cana- 
dian representative. 


USE 

TILLEY'S 

SURE  WHITE 

Liquid  and  Tubes 
For    White    Shoes 


Vol.  38  No.  5 


349 


HOLIDAY  AT  THE    PAULINE  LEMOINE  MEMORIAL" 


ENJOY  the  beauties  of  the  Laurentitni  Mountains 
in  the  celebrated  Gatineau  District. 


D 


HOT     AND 

(OLD 

Hl'NNIN<; 

WATKR. 

HOAXING. 

HATHING. 


D 


n 


(;ooD 

MKAI,S. 


COIlKTKOrS 
SKItVK  K. 


( ONGKNIAI, 
COMPANY. 


D 


The  Victorian  Order  of  Nurses'  beautiful  summer 
home  on  Blue  Sea  Lake,  Quebec. 


FOR     FIIRTIIKR     INFORMATION     WRITK 

MRS.  G.  B.  GREENE,  460  Wilbrod  St.,  Ottawa,  Ont. 


WANTED 

A  I'll 

beRin  is 

ience  to: 

H 

$ir 
I). 

■  II 

<-allh   Niirwc     is 

annually.  Send 

)ode.  Secretary, 

wanted  by  North  York  Township.  The  salary  to 
full  particulars  concerninjf  training  and  expcr- 

Local  Hoard  of  Health.  Willowdale.  Ont. 

WANTED 

Applications  arc  invited  from  registered  nurses  for  (ieneral  Duty  in  a 
Tuberculosis  Sanatorium  of  'M')()  beds.  Wii<'n  writinj^  please  state  previous  ex- 
perience, au'e.  etc.  The  salary  offered  is  $00  a  month,  with  full  maintenance. 
Address  api)lications  to: 

Miss  M.  L.  lUichanan,  Superintendent  of  Nurses,  The  Laurenlian  Sanatorium, 
Ste.  A^athe  des  IVlonls,  V.q. 


WANTED 

Api)lications  are  invited  from  Kn^lish-speakinK  Kejjistered  Nurses  for 
General  Floor  Duty  at  the  Homoeopathic  Hospital,  Montreal.  Salary  $70  to 
$75  per  month.  Meals  and  laundry  are  also  provided,  but  not  rooms.  A  full  day 
off  duty  each  week  is  granted.  Apply  to: 

Superintendent  of  Nurses,  Homoeopathic  Hospital,  Montreal,  P.Q. 


MAY.  1942 


OFF   .    .    .    DUTY 


Not  long  ago  .  .  .  a  group  of  editors  held  a  meeting  .  .  ,  to  discuss 
ivays  and  means  of  preventing  icaste  .  .  ,  We  Canadians  have  been  an 
extravagant  and  careless  lot  .  .  .  and  notv  toe  must  learn  to  accept  short 
rations  .  .  .  We  were  the  only  woman  present  .  .  .  and  we  darkly  suspect 
we  should  not  have  been  there  at  all  if  our  sex  had  been  known  before- 
hand .  .  .  Under  these  distressing  circumstances  .  .  .  all  ive  coidd  do  ivas  to 
take  an  inconspicuous  seat  behind  a  convenient  pillar  .  .  .  and  try  to  get 
the  benefit  of  hearing  some  uninhibited  masculine  comment  .  .  .  Conser- 
vation was  admitted  to  be  both  desirable  and  necessary  .  .  .  but  one  of 
our  felloic -craftsmen  deplored  the  unseemly  rush  of  selfish  persons  to 
purchase  rationed  articles  .  .  .  He  said  that  as  soon  as  he  heard  that  the 
government  might  coTnmandeer  rubber  he  sent  his  secretary  rushing 
round  the  five-and-ten  but  they  hadn't  a  rubber  band  left  in  the  place. 
We  coivered  behind  our  pillar  hiding  our  guilty  knowledge  that  we 
had  selfishly  beaten  the  gentleman  to  it  .  .  .  and  that  if  only  they  don't 
perish,  we  have  a  nice  little  hoard  and  even  a  few  erasers  .  .  .  Then  they 
began  to  talk  about  men's  clothing  .  .  .  07ie  rugged  individualist  .  .  .  clad 
in  baggy  tiveeds  and  smoking  a-  bulldog  pipe  .  .  .  said  that  this  business 
of  regulating  hoiv  suits  are  to  be  cut  is  all  poppycock  .  .  .  "What  right 
has  the  government  to  say  I  can't  have  cuffs  071  my  trousers?  Just  let 
them  tell  me  hoiv  much  I  can  spend  for  cloth  and.  let  me  do  the  worrying 
about  the  pocket  flaps.  They've  got  a  war  on  their  hands  haven't  they?"  .  .  . 
Then  a  7neek  little  man,  ivho  looked  as  though  he  might  be  hen-pecked 
at  hame  .  .  .  sudde7ily  'became  quite  eloquent  .  .  .  "We've  got  to  be  firm 
with  the  ivomen",  he  said,  "ive  must  lay  dow7i  specifications  and  stick 
to  them  .  .  .  they  should  all  be  put  in  uniform  .  .  .  it's  the  only  way  you 
can  keep  them  in  line"  .  .  .  There  seemed  to  be  a  general  impression  that 
these  stern  disciplinary  measures,  while  quite  justifiable,  might  be  dif- 
ficidt  to  enforce  .  .  .  The  rugged  iiidividiialist  blew  a  smoke-ring  aTid 
looked  meditatively  at  the  ceiling  .  .  .  "No  use  t7'ying  to  boss  them", 
said  he  .  .  .  "it  only  makes  them  stubborn  .  .  .  some  of  them  don't  look  so 
good  in  unifo7'm  .  .  .  better  let  them  make  dresses  out  of  curtains  if  they 
7vant  to  .  .  .  anything  to  keep  peace  in  the  house"  .  .  .  The  hen-pecked 
little  man  subsided  .  .  ,  and.  the  talk  drifted  to  tires  and  oil  .  .  .  We  found 
our  thoughts  wande7'ing  back  to  womeyi  .  .  .  and  their  unwillirigness  to 
accept  regi^nentation  .  .  .  After  all,  me7i  are  slaves  to  convention  .  .  . 
in  dress  as  m  all  else  .  .  .  and  cling  to  meaningless  appendages  such  as 
trouser  cuffs  and  pocket  flaps  even  in  ivartime  .  .  .  But  women  are  bom 
rebels  and  resist  coercion  .  .  .  Uniforms,  yes,  under  certain  circumstances 
.  .  .  provided  it  is  understood  thai  the  living  room  curtains  may  suffer 
a  sea-change  if  7iecessary  .  .  .  Our  curtains  are  past  praying  for  .  .  .  but 
we  have  get  a  couple  of  chintz  dress  bags  .  .  .  with  a  cheerfid  pattern  of 
pai'rots  against  a  tropical  background  .  .  .  Carefully  unpicked  and  seivn 
together,  they  ivould  make  one  more  evening  gown  .  .  .  before  the  hen- 
pecked little  man  puts  us  all  into  uniform  .  .  . 

—  E.J. 

350  Vol.  38  No.  5 


Official  Directory 

International    Council    of   Nursci 
Aetlng    KxecutlTe   Secretary,    Misa   Calista    F.    Banwarth,    310    Cedar    Street,    New    Haven. 

Connecticut   U,  S.   A. 

THE  CANADIAN  NURSES  ASSOCIATION 

^rMident Miss  Grace   M.   Fairley,   Vancouver  General   Hospital.   Vancouver.   B.C. 

P«ft  President  Miss   Ruby   M.   Simpson,    Department   of   Health.    Parliament    Buildingrs,    Regina.    Sask. 

Rr»t   Vice-President Miss    Elizabeth    L.    Smellie.    Department    of    National    Defence.    Ottawa,    Ont. 

Second    Vice-President    Miss    Marion    Lindeburgrh,    School    for    Graduate    Nurses.    McGiU    University. 

Montreal.    P.    Q. 

Honourary  Secretary   Miss   Kathleen   I.   Sanderson.    1105    Park   Drive.    Vancouver,    B.C. 

Hooourat-y   Treasurer   Miss    A.    J.    MacMaster,    Moncton    Hospital,    Moncton,    N.B. 

COUNCILLORS  AND   OTHER   MEMBERS  OF   EXECUTIVE   COMMITTEE 

Nutneralt   indicate    office    held:    (1)    President,    Provincial    Nttrses    Association; 

{t)Ckairman,  Hotpital  and  School  of  Jiursing  Section;    (8)   Chairman,  Public 

Health    Section;     (4)     Chairman,    General    Nursing    Section. 

Alberta:  (1)  Miss  Rae  Chittick.8l5-18th  Ave.  W.,  Ontario:  (1)  Miss  Jean  L.  Church,  120  Strath- 
Calgary;  (2)  Miss  Helen  S.  Peters.  University  cona  Ave..  Ottawa;  (2)  Miss  L.  D.  Acton, 
of  Alljerta  Hospital.  Edmonton;  (3)  Miss  Au-  General  Hospital.  Kingston;  (3)  Miss  G.  Ross, 
drey  Dick.  York  Hotel.  Calgan':  H)  Miss  15  Queen's  Park  Crescent.  Toronto;  (4)  Miss 
Leona  Hennig,  305  Bank  of  Toronto  Bldg..  D.  Ogilvie.  34  Gilchrist  Ave..  Ottawa. 
Eidmonton. 

Prince   Edward    Island:    (1)    Miss    K.    MacLennan, 

British  Columbia:  (1)  Miss  M.  Duffield.  1675  West  Provincial  Sanatorium.  Charlottetown ;  (2)  Miss 
10th  Ave.,  Vancouver;  '2)  Miss  F.  McQuarrie.  Georgie  Brown,  Prince  County  Hospital,  Sum- 
Vancouver  General  Hospital;  (3)  Miss  F.  nierside;  (3)  Miss  M.  Darling.  Alberton;  (4) 
Innes.    1922   Adanac  St.,   Vancouver;    (4)    Mrs.  Miss    D.     Hennessey,    Charlottetown     Hospital. 

E.  B.  Thomson,  1095  West  14th  St.,  Vancouver.  Charlottetown. 

Quebec:    '1)   Miss  E.  Flanagan,     3801     University 
Manitoba:    (1)    Miaa    A-  McKee.    V.O.N. .    Medical  street.  Montreal;   (2)  Miss  M.  Batson,  Montreal 

Arts   Bldg.,   Winnipeg;    (2)    Miss  D.   Ditchfield.  General     Hospital;     (3)     Miss     A.     Martineau. 

Children's    Hospital.    Winnipeg;     '3)     Miss     F.  Dept.    of    Health.    City    of    Montreal;    (4)    Miss 

King,   Ste.    1.   Greysolon    Apts..    Winnipeg;    (4)  a.  M.  Robert,  5484-A  St.  Denis  St.,  Montreal. 

Miss  C.   Bourgeault,   St.   Boniface    Hospital.   St. 

Boniface.  Saskatchewan:    (1)    Miss   Matilda   Diedericlis,   Regi 

na  Grey  Nuns  Hospital;   (2)  Miss  A.  F.  Lawrie. 

New    Brunswick:     (1)     Sister    Kerr.     Hotel     Dleu  S^"'",^  ^„^'11''H  "^'T*?' =  n^^  •^''^^9I''»J'-^  ^o" 

Hospital.  Campbellton;   (2)  Miss  Marian  Myers,  Donald.   6  .Mayfair  .Apts..   Regina;    d)   Miss  R. 

Saint   John    General    Hospital;    (3)    Miss   A.   A.  ^^  ozny.  2216  Smith  St.,  Regina. 

Burns.    Health    Centre.    Saint    John;     (4)    Miss  chairmen,   National   Sections:    Hospital  and   School 

Myrtle    E.    Kay.    21    Austin    St..   Moncton.  of    Cursing:    Miss    B.    Anderson.    Ottawa    Civic 

Hospital.  Public  Health:  Miss  M.  Kerr,  Eburne. 

Nova  Scotia:     (1)    Miss    M.    Jenkins,    The    Child-  B.C.    General    Nursing:    Miss    M.    Baker,    249 

ren's  Hospital,  Halifax;  (2)  Sister  Mary  Peter,  Victoria  St.,  London.  Convener.  Committee  on 

St.    Martha's    Hospital,    Antigonish;     (3)    Miss  Nursing     Education:      Miss      M.      Lindeburgh. 

Jean    Forljes,    314   Roy   Building,    Halifax;    (4)  School    for    Graduate    Nurses,    McGiil    Univer 

Miss  G.   Porter,   115  South  Park  St..   Halifax.  sity.    Montreal. 

Executive  Secreury:    Miss  Jean   S.   Wilson,   National   Office,    1411    Crescent   St.,   Montreal,   P.Q. 
OFFICERS   OF    SECTIONS   OF    CANADIAN    NURSES    ASSOCIATION 

Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing  Section  Councillors:  Alberta:  Miss   L.   Hennig,    305   Bank 

of   Toronto    Bldg.,    Eidmonton.   British   Columbia: 

Chairman:  Miss  Blanche  Anderson.  Ottawa  Civic  ^fj!.-     !^-     ^-    X^^^'T'     vr'     West     14th     St 

Hospital.      First     Vice-Chairman :     Miss     E.     G.  cf^"''^"^?/':.^ '^ff^^J,    ^Sf    S'    .bourgeault, 

McXallv.    General    Hospital,    Brandon.    Second  St.     Boniface     Hospital.     St      Boniface       New 

Vice-chairman:     Miss     M.      Batson.      Montreal  wT.fnn  rT  ^q    f-         ^Vci    r"^P^.^^i^^ 

General     Hospital.     Secretary-Treasurer:     Miss  ?!ni?,'^h  P^^lf^^t     H«i'ffU      o  ,    •   ?"  M,°«  n 

■nr     /-^^i—      r>vi._._„     /-■.•—•^    tj~„„:v-i  115  South  rark  St.,   Halifax.     Ontario:      Miss  D. 

W.   Cooke.    Ottawa   Civic    Hospital.  0^,^ig    g^   Gilchrist   Ave..   Ottawa.    Prince   Ed- 

_  Miss     Dorothy     Hennessey,     Char- 

CouNciLLORs:  Alberta:   Miss  H.  S.   Peters.   Univer-  lottetown    Hospital,    Charlottetown.        Quebec: 

city  Hospital,  Edmonton.  Bridah  Columbia:  Miss  Miss  A.  M.  Robert,  5484-A  St.  Denis  St..  Mont- 

F.  McQuarrie.     Vancouver     General     Hospital.  real.    Saskatchewan:  Miss  R.  Wozny,  2216  Smith 
Manitoba:    Miss    D.    Ditchfield.    Children's    Hos-  St.,   Regina. 

pital,   Winnipeg.     New   Brunswick:   Miss   Marion  n    li-      zj     1  t.    c 

Myers,     Saint     John     General     Hospital.     Nova  Public   Health    Section 

Scotia:  Sister  Mary  Peter,  St.  Joseph's  Hospital.  Chairman:  Miss  M.  Kerr.  Eburne.  B.C.  Vice- 
Glace  Bay.  Ontario:  Miss  L.  D.  Acton.  King-  Chairman:  Miss  W.  Dawson.  Health  Centre, 
ston  General  Hospital.  Prince  Edward  Island:  Saint  John.  N.B.  Secretary-Treasurer:  Miss  L. 
Miss  Georgie  Brown.  Prince  County  Hospital,  Creelman.  2570  Spruce  St.,  Vancouver,  B.C. 
Summerside.  Quebec:  Miss  M.  Batson.  Montreal  „  ...  »••  »  j  m  ■  v  1. 
General  Hospital.  Saskatchewan:  Miss  A.  F.  Councillors:  Alberta:  Miss  Audrey  Dick,  York 
Lawrie,    Regina    General    HospitaL                                    Hotel    Calgary    British  Columbia:  Miss  F.  Innes. 

1922  Adanac  St.,  Vancouver.   Manitoba:  Miss  F. 

King.   Ste.    1.    Greysolon    Apts.,   Winnipeg.   New 
General  Nursing  Section  Brunswick:  Miss  A.  Burns,  Health  Centre.  Saint 

John.    Nova  Scotia:  Miss  Jean  Forbes.   314  Roj 
Chairman:  Miss  M.  Baker.  249  Victoria  St..  Lon-  Bldg..     Halifax.      Ontario:     Miss     G.     Ross,     U 

don.  Ont.    First  Vice-Chairman:  Miss  F.  M.  H.  Queen's    Park    Cres..    Toronto.     Prince    Edward 

Brown.  Wolfville.  N.S.    Second  Vice-Chairman:  Island:      Miss      Margaret      Darling,      Alberton. 

Miss  P.  Brownell.  212  Balmoral  St.,   Winnipeg,  Quebec:   Mile    A.    Martineau,   Dept.   of    Health. 

Man.     Secretary-Treasurer:     Miss     A.     Conroy.  City    of    Montreal.    Saskatchewan:    Miss    Gladys 

404  Regent  St.,  London,  Ont.  McDonald.  6  Mayfair  Apts..  Regina. 

351 


Provincial  Associations  of  Registered  Nurses 


ALBERTA 

Alberta    Association    of    Registered    NurtM 

President,  Miss  Rae  Chittick.  815-18th  Ave.  W., 
Calgary ;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Catherine  M. 
Clibborn,  University  of  Alberta  Hospital,  Ed- 
monton ;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Sister  M.  Beatrice,  St. 
Micliael's  Hospital,  Lethbridge;  Secretary-Treas- 
urer &  Registrar,  Mrs.  A.  E.  Vango,  St.  Ste- 
phen's College,  Edmonton;  Councillors:  Miss 
Margaret  D.  McLean,  Hiss  Helen  S.  Peters,  Miss 
Audrey  Dick,  Miss  Leona  Hennig;  Chairmen  of 
Sections:  General  Nursing,  Miss  Leona  Hennig, 
305  Bank  of  Toronto  Bldg.,  Edmonton;  Hospital 
&  Scliool  of  Nursing,  Miss  Helen  S.  Peters,  Uni- 
versity of  Alberta  Hospital,  Edmonton ;  Public 
Health,  Miss  Audrey  Dick,  York  Hotel,  Calgary; 
Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Violet  Chap- 
man,   Royal    Alexandra    Hospital,    Edmonton. 

Ponoka     District,     No.     2,     Alberta     Association     of 
Registered   Nurses 

Chairman,  Miss  Margaret  McLean;  Vice-Chair- 
man, Miss  Karen  Westerlund;  Secretary-Treas- 
urer, Miss  Margaret  Tamblyn,  Provincial  Mental 
Hospital,  Ponoka;  Representative  to  The  Cana- 
dian Nurse,   Miss  Nessa  Leckie. 

Calgary    District,    No.    3,    Alberta    Association    of 
Registered    Nurses 

Chairman,  Miss  Kathleen  Connor,  Central 
Alberta  Sanatorium ;  Vice-Chainnan,  Miss  M. 
Deane-Freeman ;  Secretary,  Miss  M.  Richards, 
Holy  Cross  Hospital,  Calgary;  Treasurer,  Miss 
M.  Watt;  Conveners  of  Sections:  Hospital  & 
School  of  Nursing,  Miss  J.  Connal;  Public 
Health.  Miss  A.  Dick;  General  Nursing,  Miss 
G.    Thome. 

Medicine    Hat    District,    No.    4,    Alberta    Association 
of    Registered    Nurses 

Chairman,  Miss  C.  E.  Mary  Rowles,  Medicine 
Hat  General  Hospital;  Vice-Chairman,  Miss  M. 
Hagerman,  Y.W.C.A.,  Medicine  Hat;  Secretary- 
Treasurer,  Miss  M.  M.  Webster,  558  Fourth 
Street,  Medicine  Hat;  Entertainment  Com- 
mittee: Miss  Green,  Miss  Weeks,  Mrs.  D. 
Fawcett. 

Edmonton    District,    No.    7,    Alberta    Association    of 
Registered  Nursea 

Chairman.  Miss  I.  Johnson;  First  Vice-Chair- 
man, Mrs.  O.  Porritt;  Sec.  Vice-Chairman,  Rev. 
Sr.  Clotilda;  Sec,  Miss  G.  Bamforth,  Royal 
Alexandra  Hospital,  Edmonton;  Treas.,  Miss  V 
Leadlay;  Committee  Conveners:  Program,  Miss 
H.  McArthur;  Membership,  Miss  Lindsay;  Reps. 
to:  Local  Council  of  Women,  Miss  V.  Chap- 
man ;   The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  G.   Vicars. 

Lethbridge    District,    No.    8,    Alberta    Association    of 
Registered    Nurses 

Chairman.  Miss  Jean  MacKenzie.  1120  Sixth 
Avenue.  South.  Lethbridge;  Vice-Chairman,  Miss 
Ann  Kostuik;  Secretary,  Miss  Marjorie  Bair. 
Gait  Hospital,  Lethbridge;  Treasurer,  Miss  Ruth 
Hooper. 

BRITISH   COLUMBIA 

Registered    Nurses    Association    of    British    Columbia 

President.  Miss  M.  Duffielrl,  ifirs  lOth  Ave. 
W..  Vancouver;  First  Vice-President,  Miss  M. 
E.    Kerr;    Sec.    Vice-President,   Miss   G.   M.    Fair- 


ley;  Secretary,  Miss  P.  Capelle,  Rm.  715.  Van- 
couver Block,  Vancouver;  Registrar,  Miss  Evelyn 
Mallory,  Rm.  715,  Vancouver  Block,  V^ancouver; 
Councillors:  Miss  E.  Clark.  Miss  L.  Creelman. 
Sr.  Columkille,  Sr.  M.  Gregory,  Miss  F.  H. 
Walker;  Conveners  of  Sections:  Hospital  k 
School  of  Nursing,  Miss  F.  McQuarrie,  Vancou- 
ver General  Hospital;  Public  Health,  Miss  F. 
Innes.  1922  Adai.ac  St..  Vancouver;  General 
Nursing.  Mrs.  J.  F.  Hansom.  1178  Esquimau 
Ave.  West  Vancouver;  Press,  Miss  M.  MacDon- 
ell,  Ste.   10  —  2570  Spruce  St.,  Vancouver. 

MANITOBA 

Manitoba  Association  of  Registered  Nursei 
President,  Miss  A.  McKee,  V.O.N.,  Medical 
Arts  Bldg.,  MMnnipeg;  First  Vice-Pres.,  MissE. 
McNally,  General  Hospital,  Brandon;  Sec.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Miss  I.  McDiarmid,  303  Langside  St.,  Win- 
nipeg; Hon.  Sec,  Mrs.  H.  Copeland.  Misericordia 
Hospital,  Winnipeg;  Members  of  Board:  Major 
P.  Payton.  Grace  Hospital,  Winnipeg;  Mi.ss  W. 
Grice,  St.  Boniface  Out-Patient  Dept.;  Rev.  Sister 
Breux,  St.  Boniface  Hospital;  Miss  L.  Stewart. 
168  Chestnut  St.,  Winnipeg;  Miss  H.  Coram,  17> 
Chestnut  St.,  Winnipeg;  Miss  P.  Hart.  Melita; 
Miss  C.  Lynch,  Winnipeg  General  Hospital;  Miss 
L.  Nordquist,  Carman  General  Hospital;  Con- 
veners of  Sections:  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing, 
Miss  D.  Ditchfield,  Children's  Hospital,  Winn! 
peg;  General  Nursing,  Miss  C.  Bourgeault,  St. 
Boniface  Hospital;  Public  Health,  Miss  F.  King. 
Ste.  1.  Greysolon  Apts.,  Winnipeg;  Committee 
Conveners:  Instructors  Group,  Mrs.  Copeland. 
Misericordia  Hospital,  Winnipeg;  Social,  Miss  L. 
Kelly,  753  Wolseley  Ave..  Winnipeg;  Visiting. 
Miss  J.  Stothart.  320  Sherbrooke  St.,  Winnipeg; 
Membership,  Miss  A.  Danilevitch,  St.  Boniface 
Out-Patient  Dept.;  Nightingale  Memorial  Fund, 
Miss  Z.  Beattie,  St.  Boniface  Hospital;  Repre- 
sentatives to:  Council  of  Social  Agencies,  Miss 
F.  Robertson,  753  Wolseley  Ave.,  Winnipeg;  Red 
Cross,  Miss  C.  Maddin,  Bureau  of  Child  Hygiene, 
Aberdeen  Ave.,  Winnipeg;  The  Canadian  Nurse, 
To  be  appointed;  Local  Council  of  Wome^i,  Mrs. 
A.  L.  Wheeler.  Ste.  1,  221  Wellington  Cres.;  Red 
Cross  War  Council,  Miss  I.  Broadfoot,  2n  Anvers 
Apts.,  Winnipeg;  Secretary-Treasurer,  Miss  Ger- 
trude Hall,  212  Balmoral  St.,  Winnipeg. 

NEW   BRUNSWICK 

New  Brunswick  Association  of  Registered  Nursa* 
Pres..  Sister  Kerr,  Hotel  Dieu  Hospital, 
Campbellton ;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  A.  J.  Mac- 
Master;  Sec  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  L.  Smith;  Hon. 
Sec,  Miss  L.  Bartsch;  Councillors:  Mrs.  G.  E. 
van  Dorsser,  Saint  John;  Miss  D.  Parsons. 
Fredericton;  Sister  Anne  de  Parede,  Moncton; 
Miss  B.  M.  Hadrill,  Newcastle;  Miss  L.  Bartsch. 
Saint  John:  Misses  R.  Follis,  M.  McMuIIen,  Sf. 
Stephen;  Miss  E.  M.  Tulloch.  Woodstock;  Sec- 
Treas.-Registrar,  Miss  Alma  Law,  Health  Cen- 
tre, Saint  John;  Conveners  of  Sections:  Hospital 
&  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  M.  Myers;  General 
Nursing,  Miss  M.  Kay;  Public  Health,  Miss  A. 
A.  Burns;  Conveners  of  Committees:  Legislation, 
Miss  B.  L.  Gregory;  Instruction,  Miss  Boyd,  St. 
Stephen ;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  H.  Cahill. 

NOVA   SCOTIA 

Registered  Nurses  Association  of  Nova  Siotia 
Pres.,  Miss  Marjorie  Jenkins,  Children's  Hos- 
pital. Halifax;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  D.  J.  Gillls. 
Windsor  Jet.;  Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  J.  Watkins, 
63  Henrv-  St.,  Halifax:  Third  Vice-Pres..  Miss  A. 
E.  Fenton,  Dalhousie  P.  H.  Clinic.  Halifax;  Rec. 
Sec.  Mrs.  C.  W.  Bennett.  98  Edward  St..  Ha- 
lifax;  Registrar-Treasurer-Corresponding  Secreta- 


OFFICIAL    DIRECTORY 


353 


ry,  Mis«  Jean  C.  Dunning.  413  Dennis  Bldg..  Hall- 
fax;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Flora 
Anderson,   General   Hospital,   Glace   Bay. 

ONTARIO 

Registered    Nurses    Association    of   Ontario 

Pres..  Miss  Mildred  I.  Walker;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  J.  Masten;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  B. 
Anderson;  Sec.-Treas..  Miss  Matilda  E.  Fitz- 
gerald, Rm.  630,  86  Bloor  St.  W.,  Toronto;  Chair- 
men of  Sections:  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing, 
Miss  L.  D.  Acton,  Kingston  General  Hospital; 
General  Nursing,  Miss  D.  Ogilvie.  34  Gilchrist 
Ave..  Ottawa;  Public  Health,  Miss  W.  Ashplant, 
807  Waterloo  St.,  London;  Chairmen  of  Districts: 
Mrs.  C.  Salmon.  Miss  M.  Bliss  Miss  M.  Buchan- 
an, Miss  K.  McNamara,  Miss  I.  Shaw,  Miss  M. 
Crawford,  Miss  M.  Stewart,  Miss  J.  Smith,  Miss 
M.  Buss. 

District    1 

Chairman,  Mrs.  C.  I.  Salmon;  First  Vice- 
Chairman,  Major  D.  Barr;  Sec. — Treas.,  Miss 
A.  Kenny.  Aberdeen  Hotel.  Chatham;  Coun- 
cillors: Misses  Stewart,  Wightman,  Rathwell, 
Shaw,  Perrin,  Gray,  Mrs.  Wilson;  Conveners: 
Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  P.  Camp- 
bell; General  Nursing,  Miss  H.  O'Mahoney; 
Public  Health,  Miss  M.  Armstrong;  Enrolment, 
Miss  D.  Birrell. 

Districts   2   and   3 

Chairman.  Miss  Mary  F.  Bliss;  First  Vice- 
Chairman,  Mrs.  K.  Cowie;  Second  Vice-Chair- 
man.  Miss  Olive  Waterman;  Secretary-Treasu- 
rer, Miss  Hilda  D.  Muir,  Brantford  General 
Hospital ;  Councillors :  Misses  E.  Eby,  F.  Mc- 
Kenzie.  G.  Westbrook.  M.  Grieve,  C.  Atwood, 
L.    Trusdale. 


Chairman,  Miss 
Chairman,  Miss  E. 
Miss  A.  Scheifele 
thart,  192  Welling 
cillors :  Sr.  Grace, 
Wright,  Mrs.  Day, 
pital  &  School  »f 
Health,  Miss  H. 
Miss  S.  Murray; 
Haygarth. 


District    4 

M.     Buchanan ;     First    Vice- 

Bwart;    Sec.   Vice-Chairman, 

;    Sec.-Treas.,    Miss    G.    Coul- 

ton    St.    N..    Hamilton;    Coun- 

,    Misses    Brewster,    Cameron, 

N/S   Boyd;    Conveners:  Has- 

Nursing,    Sr.    Eileen;    Public 

Snedden ;     General    Nursing, 

Emergency   Nursing,    Mrs.    A. 

District   5 


Chairman,  Miss  K.  McNamara;  First  Vice- 
Chairman,  Miss  P.  Morrison;  Sec.-Treas.,  Mrs.  G. 
L.  MMlliamson  24  Drake  Cres.,  Scarboro  Bluffs; 
Councillors:  Misses  I.  Weirs,  G.  Jones,  J.  Mit- 
chell. E.  Grant,  R.  Russell,  A.  Reddon:  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  General  Nursing,  Miss  M. 
Hughes;  Public  Health,  Miss  L.  Pettigrew;  Hos- 
pital &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  B.  MacPhedran. 

District   6 

Chairman,  Miss  I.  Shaw:  First  Vice-Chairman, 
Miss  M.  McKenzie;  Sec.  Vice-Chairman,  Miss  E. 
Covert:  Third  Vice-Chairman.  Miss  E.  Wright; 
Sec.-Treas..  Miss  V.  Taylor,  General  Hospital,  Co- 
bourg:  Conveners:  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing, 
Miss  E.  Young;  General  Nursing,  Mrs.  E.  Brack- 
enrirlge:  Public  Health,  Miss  H.  McGeary:  A/e»n- 
bership.  Miss  N.  Brown;  Enrolment,  Miss  E. 
Meeks;    Finance,  Miss   F.    Fitzgerald. 

District    7 

Chairman.  To  be  appointed;  Vice-Chairman, 
Miss  E.  Ardill;  Sec.-Treas..  Miss  E.  Sharp,  King- 
ston General  Hospital;  Councillors:  Misses  E. 
Freeman,  V.  Manders.  E.  Moffatt,  P.  Gaven 
Rev.  Sr.  Donovan;  Conveners:  Hospital  &  School 


of  Nursing,  Miss  L.  Acton ;  General  Nursing,  Miss 
A.  Davis;  Public  Health,  Miss  D.  Storms;  The 
Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  O.  Wilson. 

District   8 

Chairman,  Miss  M.  Stewart;  First  Vice-Chair- 
man, Rev.  Sr.  M.  Evangeline;  Sec.  Vice-Chair- 
man, Miss  P.  Walker;  Sec.-Treas.,  Miss  J.  Stock, 
390  Chapel  St.,  Ottawa;  Councillors:  Misses  I. 
Allen,  L.  Brule.  W.  Cooke,  V.  Foran,  M.  Lowry, 
H.  QlMgara;  Conveners:  Hospital  &  School  of 
Nufsmgr^Kev.  Sr.  St.  Godfrey;  Public  Health, 
Miss  C.  Livingston;  General  Nursing,  Miss  F. 
Nevins;  Pembroke  Chapter,  Mrs.  B.  Kipke;  Corn- 
wall Chapter,  Miss  M.  McWhinnie;  Rep.  to  The 
Canadian  Nurse.  Miss  H.  Tanner. 

District    9 

Chairman.  Miss  J.  Smith,  Gravenhurst;  First 
Vice-Chairman.  Miss  K.  MacKenzie,  North  Bay; 
Sec.  Vice-Chairman,  Miss  A.  McGregor.  Sault 
Ste.  Marie;  Sec,  Miss  F.  Geddis,  Plummer 
Memorial  Hospital,  Sault  Ste.  Marie;  Treas., 
Miss  R.  Buchanan,  Sanitarium  P.  0.;  Conveners: 
Public  Health,  Miss  H.  E.  Smith,  New  Liskeard; 
Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  A.  Riordan, 
Sudbury;  General  Nursing,  Mrs.  E.  Sheridan. 
Sudbury;  The  Canadian  Nurse.  Sr.  Teresa  of 
the   Sacred    Heart,   Sault  Ste.   Marie.- 

District  10 

Chairman,  Miss.  M.  Buss,  The  Sanatorium,  Fort 
William;  Vice-Chairman,  Miss  Alice  Hunter; 
Sec.-Treas.,  Miss  Dorothy  Chedister,  General 
Hospital.  Port  Arthur;  Councillors:  Miss  J.  Ho- 
garth, Miss  V.  Lovelace,  Miss  J.  Berry;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursiiig, 
Miss  L.  Horwood ;  General  Nursing,  Miss  I.  Mor- 
rison;   Public   Health,   Miss   Q.    Donaldson. 

PRINCE    EDWARD    ISLAND 

Prince  Edward  Island  Registered  Nurses 
Association 
Pres.,  Miss  Katharine  MacLennan,  Provincial 
Sanatorium,  Charlottetown ;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Ma- 
ry Devereaux,  New  Haven ;  Sec.  Miss  Anna 
Mair,  P.E.L  Hospital,  Charlottetown ;  Treas.  & 
Registrar,  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Magdalen,  Charlottetown 
Hospital;  Chairmen  of  Sections:  Hospital  tt 
School  of  Nursing,  Miss  Georgie  Brown,  Prince 
Co.  Hospital,  Summerside;  General  Nttrsing,  Miss 
Dorothy  Hennessey,  Charlottetown  Hospital, 
Charlottetown ;  Public  Health,  Miss  Margaret 
Darling,    Alberton. 

QUEBEC 

Association  of  Registered  Nurses  of  the  Province 
of  Quebec  (Incorporated,  1920) 
President.  Miss  Eileen  C.  Flanagan;  Vice- 
President  (English),  Miss  Mabel  K.  Holt;  Vice- 
President  (French),  Rev.  Soeur  Valerie  de  la 
Sagesse ;  Honourary  Secretary,  Mile  Alice  Al- 
bert; Honourary  Treasurer,  Miss  Fanny  Mun- 
roe:  Members  without  Office:  Misses  Marion 
Nash.  Mary  Ritchie.  Miles  Roy,  Trudel,  Giroux; 
Advisory  Board:  Misses  Jean  S.  Wilson. 
Margaret  L.  Moag.  Catherine  M.  Ferguson, 
Marion  Lindeburgh.  Miles  Anysie  Deland, 
Maria  Beaumier.  Edna  Lynch ;  Conveners  of 
Sections:  General  Nursing  (English),  To  be 
appointed;  General  Nursing  (French),  Mile 
Anne-Marie  Robert,  3484-A  rue  St.  Denis, 
Montreal:  Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing  (Eng- 
lish), Miss  Martha  Batson.  Montreal  General 
Hospital ;  Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing 
(French),  Rev.  Soeur  Mance  Decary.  Hopital  No- 
tre-Dame.  Montreal;  Public  Health  (English), 
Miss  Kathleen  Dickson.  Royal  Edward  Institute, 
Montreal:  Public  Health  (French).  Mile  Annon- 
ciade  Martineau.  1034  rue  St.  Denis.  Apt.  8. 
Montreal:  Board  of  Eraminers:  Miss  Mary 
Mathewson  (convener).  Misses  Norena  S.  Mac- 
kenzie. Madeleine  Flander,  Miles  Alexina  Mar- 
cfaesaeult.   Anysie   Deland.  Suzanne   Girnux:    Exe- 


354 


THE    CANADIAN   NURSE 


cutive  Secretary.  Registrar,  and  Official  School 
Visitor,  Miss  E.  Frances  Upton,  Room  1019,  Me- 
dical Arts  Bldg.,  1588  Sherbrooke  St.  West, 
Montreal. 

SASKATCHEWAN 

Saskatchewan    Registered   Nurse*   AsaociMioa 
( Incorpocatad    1917) 

President.  Miss  M.  Diederichs,  Regina  Grey 
Nuns  Hospital;  First  Vice-President,  Miss  M. 
Ingham,  Moose  Jaw  General  Hospital:  Second 
Vice-President,  Miss  E.  Pearston.  Melfort;  Coun- 
cillors :  Miss  M.  E.  Grant,  922-Pth  Ave.  N., 
Saskatoon;  Miss  M.  Pierce,  Wolseley;  Chairmen 
of  Sections:  General  Nursing,  Miss  R.  Woiny, 
2216    Smith    St.,    Regina;    Hospital   &    School    of 


Nursing,  Miss  A.  F.  Lawrie,  Regina  General 
Hospital;  Public  Health,  Miss  Gladys  .McDonald. 
6  Mayfair  Apts.,  Regina;  Secretary-Treasurer, 
Registrar  and  Advisor,  Schools  for  Nurses.  MIm 
K.  W.  Ellis.  University  of  Saskatchewan,  Sas- 
katoon. 

Regina   Registered   Nurses   Association 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  A.  Lawrie;  Pres..  Miss  K 
Morton;  Vice-Pres..  Miss  R.  Simpson;  Sec,  Mist 
E.  Howard.  General  Hospital;  Treas.  &  Re- 
gistrar, Miss  L.  Dahl;  Conveners:  Registry,  Misa 
L.  Lynch;  Membership,  Miss  K.  McLachlan;  En- 
tertainment, Miss  Spelliscy;  General  Niirting, 
Miss  R.  Wozny;  Public  Health,  Miss  F.  Dean: 
Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  M.  Zens. 


Alumnae  Associations 


ALBERTA 

A. A.,    Calgary    General    Hospital,    Calgary 

Hon.  Pres.,  Misses  S.  Mad.ionald.  A.  Hebert; 
Hon.  Members:  Misses  M.  Moodie,  J.  Murphy,  A. 
Casey;  Pres.  Mrs.  A.  Warrington;  First  Vice- 
Pres..  Mrs.  G.  McPherson ;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs. 
T.  Ellis;  Rec.  Sec,  Mrs.  J.  Mclntyre;  Corr. 
Sec,  Miss  J.  Gumming,  238  Crescent  Rd.;  Treas., 
Mrs.  B.  Charles:  Membership,  Mrs.  A.  Wilson; 
Press,  Miss  C.  Rose. 

A. A.,    Holy    Cross    Hospital,    Calgary 

President,  Miss  Ruth  Turnbull;  First  Vice- 
President,  Miss  Gertrude  Thorne;  Second  Vice- 
President.  Miss  Marg:aret  Bella:  Recording  Se- 
cretary. Mrs.  A.  Kloepfer:  Corresponding  Secre- 
tary, Mrs.  C.  Harrison,  4l2-2lst  Avenue,  N.W., 
Treasurer,   Mrs.   Elaine  S.  Clarke. 

A.A.,  Edmonton  General  Hospital,  Edmonton 

Hon.  Pres..  Sr.  M.  O'Grady,  Sr.  F.  Neuhausel; 
Pres.,  Miss  E.  Bietsch;  First  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  R. 
Price;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  J.  Slavik.  E.G.H.;  Rec. 
Sec,  Miss  A.  Strochinski ;  Treas.,  Miss  E. 
Wallsmith;  Private  Duty,  Miss  M.  Hozak;  Visit- 
ing Committee:  Misses  Nelson,  Deschatelets ; 
Standing  Committee:  Misses  Kuntz,  Beaton, 
Barden,   Ryan,   Mrs.   Lowing. 

A. A.,    Royal    Alexandra   Hospital,    Edmonton 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  M.  Eraser;  Pres.,  Miss 
Einarson;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  L  Johnson; 
Sec  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  R.  Boyd;  Rec.  Sec,  Mrs. 
M.  Hall;  Corr.  Sec,  Mrs.  W.  White.  R.A.H.; 
Treas.,  Miss  F.  Toby:  Committee  Conveners: 
Program,  Mrs.  J.  White;  Visiting,  Miss  T. 
Holm;  Social,  Miss  K.  Dunlop;  News  Letter, 
Miss  A.  Piercy;  Benefit,  Miss  L  Johnson: 
Scholarship,  Miss  G.  Allyn ;  Executive:  Miss  A. 
Anderson,   Mmes  J.   F.  Thompson,  P.  Baker. 

A. A.,     University    of     Alberta    Hospital,    Edmonton 

Honourary  President,  Miss  Helen  S.  Peters 
President,  Mrs.  D.  Payment;  Vice-President 
Miss  S.  Greene;  Recording  Secretary,  Mrs.  A 
Ward;  Corresponding  Secretary.  Mrs.  S.  Gra 
ham,  10448-126th  Street:  Treasurer,  Miss  D 
Wright:  Executive  Committee:  Mrs.  W.  Slean 
Miss  K.  Chapman,  Miss  B.  Fane,  Miss  D.  Hay 
cock. 

A. A.,   Lamont   Public   Hospital,   Lamont 

Honourary  President,  Miss  F.  E.  Welsh. 
Godeiich.  6nt. :  President,  Mrs.  R.  H.  Shears; 
First  Vice-President.  Mrs.  G.  Archer:  Second 
Vice-President.  Mrs.  G.  HarroUd;  Secretary- 
Treasurer,  Mrs.   B.  I.   Love.   Elk  Island   National 


Park,  Lamont;  News  Editor,  Mrs.  Peterson. 
Hardisty;  Convener,  Social  Committee,  Miss  C. 
Stewart.  ' 

A.A.,    Vegrevtlle    General    Hospital,    VegrevUU 

Hon.  President,  Sister  Anna  Keohane;  Hon. 
Vice-President.  Sister  J.  Boisseau ;  President, 
Mrs.  Stanley  Walker,  Vegreville:  Vice-President, 
Mrs.  Rennie  Landrj',  Vegreville;  Secretary- 
Treasurer.  Miss  Annie  Askin,  Box  21.3.  Vegre- 
ville;   Visiting   Committee    (chosen    monthly). 


BRITISH  COLUMBIA 

A. A.,    St.    PauPs    Hospital,    Vancouver 

Hon.  Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Phillipe ;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Columbkille;  Pres.,  Miss  J. 
Mitchell;  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  F.  Engby;  Sec,  Miss 
B.  Falk,  3776-33  Ave.  W;  Treas.,  Miss  E.  Atter- 
bine;  Registrar,  Miss  Stewart;  Committee  Con- 
veners: Social,  Miss  Walters;  Program,  Miss  M. 
Bell;  Visiting,  Miss  McCauley;  Mutual  Benefit, 
Miss  McGee ;  Press,  Miss  N.  Johnson ;  Rep.  to 
The   Canadian  Nurse,   Miss  C.   Bryant. 

A. A..    Vancouver   General    Hospital,    Vancouver 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  G.  Fairley;  Pres.,  Miss  F. 
Innes:  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  L.  Creelman;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  A.  Grundy;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  N. 
Cunningham:  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  L.  Lore,  1589  E. 
Broadway:  Treas.,  Mrs.  F.  L.  Faulkner;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  Mutual  Benefit.  Miss  M.  Ed- 
wards; Visiting,  Mrs.  M.  Appleby;  Social,  Mrs. 
G.  E.  Gillies:  Membership.  Miss  W.  Xeen;  Re- 
freshment, Miss  S.  McDiarmid;  Program,  Mrs. 
R.  Stevens;   Rep.  to  Press,  Miss  M.  Mcdonnell. 

A. A.,    Royal    Jubilee    Hospital,    Victoria 

President,  Mrs.  D.  J.  Hunter;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Mrs.  D.  MacLoud;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  R.  Kirk- 
endale;  Sec.  Mrs.  J.  A.  McCague.  lOtti  View  St. 
W.,  No.  6;  Assist.  Sec.  Miss  M.  Bawden  :  Treas., 
Mrs.  Jack  Boorman.  2957  Foul  Bay  Rd.:  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  Visiting.  Mrs.  F.  Hall;  Mem- 
bership, Mrs.  J.  Boorman ;  Rep.  \o  Pres.s,  Miss 
D.  Van. 

A. A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    Victoria 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sr.  M.  Kathleen;  Hon.  Vice-Pres.. 
Sr.  M.  Gregory:  Pres.,  Mrs.  G.  Rose:  Vice- 
Pres..  Mrs.  J.  Grant:  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  J. 
Welch;  Rec.  Sec.  Mrs.  J.  Stokes:  Corr.  Sec, 
Miss  G.  Wahl.  St.  Joseph's  Hospital;  Treas., 
Miss  M.  Murphy:  Press,  Miss  J.  Cooney:  Coun- 
cillors: Mmes  Ridewood,  Bryant,  Sinclair,  Lewis; 
Vital   Statistics.   Miss   Cruickshank. 


OFFICIAL    DIRECTORY 


3-55 


MANITOBA 

A. A.,   St.   Boniface   Hospital,   St.  Boniface 

Hon.  Pres..  Rev.  Sr.  Superior;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres..  Mrs.  W.  Crosby;  Pres.,  Mrs.  W.  McEl- 
heran;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  S.  Wright;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  W.  Grice;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  H. 
Fairbairn;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  D.  Webster,  18  V 
River  Ave..  Winnipeg;  Treas..  Miss  H.  Oliver; 
Arcliivist,  Miss  Margason ;  Advisory  Committee: 
Miss  MacCallum,  Mmes  McElheran.  Greville, 
Groelle.  L'Eucyer.  Rev.  Sr.  Superior;  Conveners: 
Visiting,  Miss  Johnson;  Social  &  Program,  Miss 
Rungav;  Membership,  Miss  Vandecar;  Reps,  to 
The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Watson;  M.A.R.N., 
Miss  Troendle;  Man.  Directory,  Mrs.  Shinmow- 
ski;   Local  Council  of  Women,  Mrs.   Shankman. 


A. A.,    Children't    Hospital,    Winnipeg 

Pres.,  Mrs.  W.  Stewart;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss 
M.  Perley;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  E.  Hyndman;  Corr. 
Sec,  Miss  E.  Young.  91  Home  St.;  Treas.,  Miss 
B.  Thain.  21  Stratford  Hall;  Conveners:  Program, 
Miss  M.  Smith;  Ways  &  Means,  Mrs.  H.  Moore; 
Visiting  &  Red  Cross,  Mrs.  Campbell;  Member- 
ship, Miss  R.  Hutton;  News  Editor,  Mrs.  G.  Jack. 


A. A.,    Winnipeg    General    Hospital,    Winnipeg 

Hon.  Pres..  Mrs.  A.  W.  Moody;  Pres.,  Miss  I. 
McDiarmid;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  C.  Lethbridge; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  T.  Wiggins;  Third  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  E.  Wilson;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  J.  Smith;  Corr. 
Sec,  Miss  T.  Fredrickson.  630  Maryland  St.; 
Treas..  Miss  F.  Stratton;  Committee  Conveners: 
Program,  Mrs.  W.  H.  Anderson;  Membership, 
Miss  B.  V.  Seeman;  Visiting,  Mrs.  J.  F.  Page; 
Journal,  Mrs.  W.  G.  Beaton;  School  of  Nursing, 
Miss  G.  Hall;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  H. 
Smith;  Central  Directory,  Miss  A.  Howard; 
Archivist,  Miss  M.  Stewart;  Jubilee,  Miss  P. 
Bonner;  Council  of  Women,  Miss  M.  McGilvray: 
Council  of  Social  Agencies,  Miss  B.   McClung. 


NEW  BRUNSWICK 


A. A.,  Saint  John  General   Hospital,  Saint  John 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  J.  Mitchell;  Pres.,  Miss 
G.  Brown:  First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  H.  L.  Ellis; 
Sec  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  S.  Hartley;  Sec,  Miss  F. 
CongdMi,  S.J.G.H.;  Treas..  Miss  H.  Tracy, 
S.J.G.H.;  Assist.  Treas.,  Miss  R.  Wilson;  Exe- 
cutive: Misses  M.  Murdoch,  P.  White,  B.  Bain, 
Mrs.  J.  Wilson. 

A.A.,   L.    P.    Fisher   Memorial    Hospital,    Woodstock 

President.  Mrs.  Hebec  Inghram ;  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Mrs.  Wendall  Sllpp,  Chapel  Street;  Se- 
cretary. Mrs.  Arthur  Peabody;  Treasurer,  Miss 
Nellie  Wallace;  Executive  Committee:  Miss  Mar- 
garet Parker,  Miss  Evelyn  Briggs,  Miss  Mabel 
Howe. 


NOVA    SCOTIA 

A. A.,    Glace    Bay    General     Hospital,    Glace    Bay 

Pres..  Mrs.  F.  MacKinnion;  First  Vice-Pre«., 
Mrs.  W.  MacPherson:  Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Mrs. 
H.  Spencer;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  B.  MacKenzie;  Corr. 
Sec.  Miss  F.  Anderson,  General  Hospital; 
Treas..  Miss  W.  MacLeod;  Committee  Convenert: 
Executive,  Miss  C.  Roney;  Visiting,  Mrs.  G. 
Turner;    Finance,    Miss    A.    Beaton. 


A.A.,    Halifax    Infirmary,    Halifax 

Pres..  Miss  Dorothy  Turner;  Vice-Pres..  Miss 
Rita  Maclnnes;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  Elisabeth  Mac- 
Dougall;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  Loretta  Pertus,  111% 
Morris  St.;  Treas..  Miss  Gertrude  Shortall; 
Committee  Conveners:  Visiting,  Miss  Eisen- 
hauer:  Entertainment,  Miss  Mary  Ready;  Press, 
Miss  Margaret  Grant;  Librarian,  Miss  Shafer; 
Nominating,  Mrs.  Power. 


A. A.,     Victoria     General     Hospital,     Halifax 

Pres..  Miss  Agnes  Cox.  Tuberculosis  Hospi- 
tal; Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  E.  MacQuade;  Sec,  Miss 
Grace  Porter,  267  South  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  Helen 
Joncas,  Victoria  General  Hospital;  Committee 
Conveners:  Entertainment,  Misses  M.  Ripley,  A. 
Power;  Refreshments,  Mrs.  Cullen.  Miss  Ger- 
raise;  Visiting,  Misses  G.  Byers,  H.  Watson; 
Private   Duty,   Miss    Isobel   Macintosh. 


ONTARIO 


A. A.,     Belleville     General     Hospital,     Belleville 

Pres.,  Miss  D.  Williams;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss 
N.  DiCola;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Peacock; 
Sec.  Miss  Edna  Sullivan.  General  Hospital; 
Treas..  Miss  M.  Leun,';  Registrar.  Miss  M.  Dun- 
can; Committee  Conveners:  Flowers,  Miss  D. 
Hogle;  Social,  Miss  D.  Warren;  Program,  Miss 
M.  Fitzgerald;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse  k 
Press,   Miss   M.   Plumton. 

A. A.,      Brantford      General      Hospital,      Brantford 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  E.  McKee;  Pres.,  Mrs.  S. 
Barber;  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  A.  Grlerson;  Sec,  Miss 
I.  Feely,  General  Hospital;  Treas.,  Miss  J.  Rou- 
sell;  Committee  Conveners:  Social,  Mrs.  G. 
Thompson,  Miss  M.  Robertson;  Flower,  Misses  N. 
Yardley,  R.  Moffat;  Gift,  Misses  K.  Charnley,  H. 
Muir;  Reps,  to:  The  Canadian  Nurse  &  Press, 
Miss  M.  Copeland;  Private  Duty  Section,  Miss  E. 
Scott;  Local  Council  of  Women,  Mmes  W.  Rid- 
doUa,  A.  MIzon,  R.  Smith;  Red  Cross,  Miss  E. 
Lewis. 

A. A.,    Brockville    General    Hospital,    Brockville 

Hon.  Presidents,  Misses  A.  Shannette.  E. 
Moffatt;  Pres.,  Mrs.  M.  White;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Mrs.  W.  Cooke;  Sec  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  L.  Merkley; 
Sec,  Miss  H.  Corbett.  127  Pearl  St.  E. :  Asa. 
Sec,  Mrs.  E.  Flnlay;  Treas.,  Mrs.  H.  Van  Dusen; 
Committee  Conveners:  Social,  Mrs.  H.  Green; 
Flower,  Miss  Kendrick;  Program,  Mrs.  Derry; 
Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse.   Miss  Corbett. 

A. A.,  Public  General  Hospital,  Chatham 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  P.  Campbell;  Pres..  Miss  L. 
Hastings;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  F.  Armstrong; 
Rec.  Sec.  Miss  V.  Carnes;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  M. 
Gilbert.  104  Harvey  St.;  Treas..  Miss  J.  Rickard: 
Committees:  Flowers:  Miss  Malott;  Social:  Miss 
Purcell.  Mrs.  Goldrick;  Refreshments:  Mrs. 
Bourne.  Miss  Houston:  Councillors:  Misses  Head. 
Dyer.  Baird.  McNaughton ;  Reps,  to  Press:  Miss 
Patterson ;  The  Canadian  Nurse :  Miss  L.  Smyth. 


A.A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    Chatham 

Hon.  Pres.,  Mother  M.  Pascal:  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres..  Sister  M.  St.  Anthony;  President.  Miss 
Hazel  Gray:  First  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  A.  E.  Ro- 
berts: Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  May  Boyle;  Secre- 
tary-Treasurer. Miss  Mary-Clare  Zink.  4  Robert- 
son Ave.;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  Anne  Kenny;  Repre- 
sentative to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Ursula 
O'Neill. 


356 


THE    CANADIAN   NURSE 


A. A.,     Cstnwall     General     Hospital,     Cornwall 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  H.  C.  Wilson;  Pres..  Miss  E. 
Allen;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  M.  Quail;  Sec- 
Treas.,  Miss  G.  Meyer,  General  Hospital;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  Program,  Miss  M.  Summers; 
Social  Finance,  Miss  M.  Franklin;  Flower:  Miss 
E.  Rustin,  Miss  G.  Meyer;  Visiting:  Mrs.  Wa- 
Ifoner.  Mrs.  Fraj-ne;  Membership.  Miss  G.  Rowe; 
Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  B.  Kinlcaid. 

A.A.,    Gait    Hotpiul,    Gait 

President,  Mrs.  E.  D.  Scott;  Vice-President, 
Miss  Hazel  Blagden;  Secretary,  Mrs.  A.  Bond, 
General  Hospital;  Treasurer,  Mrs.  W.  Bell;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  Social,  Miss  Claire  Murphy; 
Flower,  Miss  L.  MacNair;  Pi-ess,  Mrs.  J.  M. 
Byrne. 


A. A.,   Guelph   General    Hospital,   Guelph 

Honourary  President,  Miss  S.  A.  Campbell; 
President.  Miss  L.  Ferguson;  First  Vice-Presi- 
dent. Mrs.  F.  C.  McLeod;  Secretary-.  Miss  Mary 
R.  Upward,  General  Hospital;  Treasurer,  Miss 
A.    Armstrong. 

A.A.,   St.   Joseph's    Hospital,   Guelph 

Hon.  Pres..  Sr.  M.  Augustine;  Hon.  Vice-Pres., 
Sr.  M.  Dominica;  Pres..  Miss  Doris  Milton;  Vice- 
Pres..  Miss  Eva  Murphy;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss  Hen- 
rietta McGillivary;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  Marv  Heffer- 
nan.  121  Duflin  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  Hazel  Harding; 
Social  Convener,  Miss  ^farian  Meagher;  Rep. 
to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  M.  Heffernan. 

A. A.,  Hamilton  General  Hospital,  Hamilton 

Hon.  President,  Miss  C.  E.  Brewster;  Presi- 
dent. Miss  M.  0.  Watson;  First  Vice-President, 
Miss  M.  Watt;  Second  Vice-President.  Miss  X. 
Coles;  Recording  Secretary,  Mrs.  H.  Roy;  Cor- 
responding Secretary,  Miss  E.  Ferguson,  Ha- 
milton General  Hospital;  Treasurer,  Mrs.  W. 
\.  Paterson.  114  Traymore  St.;  Secretary-Treas- 
urer, Mutual  Benefit  Association.  Miss  H.  Sa- 
bine, 132  Ontario  Ave.;  Committee  Conveners: 
Executive,  Miss  E.  Bingeman ;  Social,  Miss  H.  G. 
McCulloch;  Flowers,  Miss  G.  Servos;  Budget, 
Mrs.   H.   Roy. 

A. A.,   St.   Joseph's   Hospital,   Hamilton 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sr.  M.  Alphonsa;  Pres..  Mrs.  B. 
Markle;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  B.  Cocker;  Treas., 
Miss  L.  Curry;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  F.  Nicholson; 
Corr.  Sec,  Miss  E.  Moran,  95  Victoria  Ave.  S. ; 
Executive:  Misses  Crane.  Dynes.  Miller,  McMa- 
namy,  Hayes,  Quinn,  Markle,  Neal;  Entertain- 
ment, Miss  A.  Williams;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian 
Nuise,   Miss   J.   Stevenson. 

A. A.,  Hotel-Dieu,  Kingston 

Hon.  Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  Rouble;  Hon.  Vice-Pres., 
.Mrs.  Elder;  Pres..  Mrs.  J.  Hickey:  First  Vice- 
Pres..  Mrs.  I.  Fallon;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.  Mrs.  C. 
Keller;  Sec,  Miss  M.  Flood  380  Brock  St.;  Treas., 
Mrs.  M.  Heagle;  Committees:  Executive:  Mnies 
Lawler,  Ahem,  Carey,  Miss  McGarry;  Visiting: 
Misses  Murray,  Oswald;  Social:  Misses  Cotty, 
Collins;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse  Miss  M. 
Catlin. 

A. A.,    Kingston     General     Hospital,    Kingston 

Hon.  President.  Miss  L.  D.  Acton ;  President, 
Mrs.  F.  W.  Atack,  Centre  St.;  First  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Mrs.  Graham  Campbell;  Sec.  Vice-President, 
Miss  E.  Freeman ;  Secretary,  Mrs.  Chas.  Ryder, 
Sll  Johnson  St.;  Treasurer.  Mrs.  C.  W.  Mallory, 
176  Alfred  St.;  Assist.  Treas.,  Miss  P.  Timmer- 
man ;    Press   Representative,   Miss   Mae   Porter. 


A. A.,     Kitchener    and     Waterloo     General     Hospital, 
Kitchener 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  K.  W.  Scott;  Pres.,  Mrs.  H. 
Christner;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  G.  Cornwall; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  E.  Carev;  Sec.  Miss  0. 
Daitz,  K.  &  W.  Hospital;  Treas.,  Miss  E.  Jant- 
zen :  Committee  Conveners:  Program,  Miss  M. 
McManus;  Lunch,  Mrs.  R.  Hodd:  Flowers:  Misses 
M.  McManus.  M.  McLean;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian 
Nurse,  Miss  A.  Leslie. 


A. A.,    St.    Mary's    Hospital,    Kitchener 

Hon.  Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Gerard;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Geraldine;  Pres..  Miss  Millie 
A.  G.  Brand;  Vice-Pres..  Miss  Jean  Pickard; 
Rec.  Sec,  Miss  Melva  Lapsley;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss 
Marie  A.  Lorentz,  92  Victoria  St.  S.,  Waterloo; 
Treas.,   Miss   Beatrice   Hertel. 

A. A.,    Ross    friemorial    Hospital,    Lindsay 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  S.  Reid;  Pres.,  Mrs.  M. 
Thurston;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  G.  Lehigh;  Sec. 
Miss  Doris  Currins.  Lindsay,  R.R.  6;  Treas..  Mrs. 
U.  Cresswell;  Committee  Conveners:  Program: 
Mis.ses  Harding,  Wilson;  Refreshments:  Misses 
Stewart,  Kirley;  Flowers.  Miss  M.  Brackeiuidge; 
Press,  Miss  B.  Owen;  Red  Cross  Supply,  Miss  A. 
Flett. 


A.A.,  Ontario  Hospital,  London 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  F.  M.  Thomas;  Pres.,  Mrs.  F. 
Cline;  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  K.  Schlimme.  Miss  N. 
Stewart;  Sec,  Mrs.  M.  Millen,  398  Spruce  St.; 
Ass.  Sec,  Mrs.  E.  Stutt;  Treas..  Miss  N.  Wil- 
liams; Committee  Conveners:  Flower,  Mrs.  E. 
Grosvener;  Social,  Misses  L.  Steele,  V.  Johnson; 
Social  Service.  Miss  F.  Stevenson ;  Parcels  for 
Aryned  Forces,  Miss  N'.  Williams;  Publications, 
Mrs.  P.  Robb. 


A.A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    London 

Hon.  Pres.,  Mother  M.  Theodore;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Sister  M.  Ruth;  Pres..  Miss  I.  Griffin; 
First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  M.  Russell:  Sec.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Miss  A.  Kelly;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  M.  Best, 
."579  Waterloo  St.;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  B.  Crawford; 
Treas.,  Miss  A.  Schweitzer;  Committee  Con- 
veiiers:  Social:  Misses  M.  Ings.  M.  Kelly;  Fi- 
nance: Misses  M.  Etue,  O.  O'N'eil;  Reps,  to  Re- 
gist7-y:  Misses  M.  Baker,  E.  Beger;  Press,  Miss 
M.  Regan. 


A. A.,   Victoria  Hospital,  London 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  H.  M.  Stuart;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Mrs.  A.  E.  Silverwood;  Pres..  Miss  G. 
Erskine;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Stevenson; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  A.  Mallock;  Rec.  Sec, 
Miss  A.  Versteeg;  Corr.  Sec.  Mrs.  M.  Ripley. 
422  Central  Ave.;  Treas..  Miss  E.  O'Rourke,  188 
Colbourne  St.;  Publications:  Misses  L.  MacGu- 
gan,   E.   Stephens. 


A. A.,  Niagara   Falls   General   Hospital,   Niagara   Falls 


Hon.  Pres..  Miss  M.  Parks;  Pres..  Mrs.  D. 
Mylchreest:  Hon.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  M.  Buchanan; 
First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  R.  Livingstone:  Sec.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Miss  D.  Scott:  Sec,  Mrs.  E.  Robins.  2432 
Ker  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  M.  Cooley,  730-4th  Ave.; 
Committees:  Visiting.  Miss  R.  Wilkinson:  Edu- 
cational, Miss  J.  McNally;  Membership,  Miss  V. 
Wigley:  Reps,  to:  The  Canadian  Nurse  & 
R.N.A.O.,  Miss  L  Hammond;  Press,  Mrs.  Ef- 
ferick. 


OFFICIAL    DIRECTORY 


357 


K.A.,    Orillia    Soldiers'    Memorial    Hospital,    Orillia 

Honourary'  Presidents.  Miss  E.  Johnston.  Miss 
O.  Waterman;  President.  Mrs.  H.  Hannaford; 
Vice-Presidents,  Miss  C.  Buie.  Miss  M.  MacLel- 
land;  Treasurer,  Miss  L.  V.  MacKenzie,  21  Wil- 
liam St.;  Secretary,  Miss  Muriel  Givens.  23  Albert 
St.:  Directors:  Misses  S.  Dudenhoffer.  B.  McFad- 
den.  G.  Adams;  Auditors:  Miss  F.  Robertson, 
Mrs.    H.    Burnet. 


A. A.,  Oshawa  General  Hospital,  Oshawa 


Hon.  Presidents,  Misses  E.  MacWilliams.  B. 
Bell.  E.  Stuart;  Pres..  Miss  M.  Green;  First 
Vice-Pres..  Miss  P.  Richardson ;  Sec.  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  M.  Gibson;  Sec.  Miss  M.  Anderson:  Corr. 
Sec,  Miss  L.  McKnight.  39  Elgrin  St.  E. :  Treas., 
Miss  A.  Knott:  Committee  Conveners:  Program, 
Miss  H.  Trew,  Social,  Miss  D.  Brown ;  Rep.  to 
The  Canadian  Xurse,  Miss  W.  Werry. 


A. A.,    Lady    Stanley    Institute     (Incorporated    1918) 
Ottawa 

Hon.  Pres..  Mrs.  W.  S.  Lyman ;  Pres.,  Mrs. 
W.  E.  Caven :  Vice-Pres..  Miss  G.  Halpenny; 
Sec,  Mrs.  P.  R.  Grant.  74  Byron  Ave.;  Treas., 
Mrs.  G.  C.  Bennett:  Board  of  Directors:  Mrs. 
Waddell,  Misses  McN'iece.  McGibbon.  Flack; 
Flower  Convener,  Miss  E.  Booth;  Representatives 
to:  Press,  Miss  G.  Halpenny;  Registry:  Misses 
M.  Slinn.  E.  Curry;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Mrs. 
V.   Boles. 

A.A.,    Ottawa    Civic    Hospital,    Ottawa 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  G.  M.  Bennett;  Pres..  Miss  D. 
Ogilvie;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  L.  Gourlay;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres..  Miss  G.  Ferguson;  Rec  Sec,  Miss 
G.  Wilson;  Corr.  Sec  &  Press,  Miss  M.  Tullis 
O.C.H.:  Treas..  Miss  D.  Johnston.  98  Holland 
Ave.:  Councillors:  Mmes  ^L  Johnston.  H.  Kidd, 
G.  Dunning.  E.  Haines.  Misses  Fleiger,  H.  Wil- 
son: Committee  Conveners:  Flower.  Miss  H. 
King;  Visiting,  Miss  Joyce:  Reps,  to:  Central 
Registry,  Misses  R.  Alexander,  O.  Bradley,  E. 
Graydon,    C.    McLeod. 


urer,  Mrs.  Ralph  Snelgrove,  750  Second  Avenue, 
West;     Representative     to     R.N.A.O.,     Miss     P. 

Ellis. 


A.A.,   Nicholls   Hospital,   Peterborough 

Hon.  Pres.,  Mrs.  E.  M.  Leeson,  Miss  E.  G. 
Young:  Pres..  Miss  Lottie  Ball;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  D.  E.  MacBuen :  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  J. 
Preston:  Rec.  Sec.  Miss  Florence  Scott;  Corr. 
Sec.  Miss  A.  MacKenzie.  758  George  St.;  Treas., 
Miss  Isoi)el  King.  210  Antrim  St.;  Social  Con- 
veners: Mrs.  V.  Janeway.  Miss  S.  Trottei^ 
Flower   Convener,   Miss    Mae   Stone. 


A.A.,    St.    Joeeph's    Hospital,    Port    Arthur 

Honourary  President.  Rev.  Mother  Camillus; 
Honourary  Vice-President,  Rev.  Sister  Sheila: 
President.  Mrs.  Jack  Tiskey;  Vice-President. 
Miss  Cecila  Kelly;  Secretary,  Mrs.  Jack  Weir. 
■H9  Ambrose  St.;  Treasurer,  Miss  Millie  Reid; 
Executive:  Misses  Aili  Johnson,  Lucy  Miocich, 
Olive  Thompson,  Isabel   Hanier,   Mrs.  W.   Geddes 


A. A.,   Sarnia    General    Hospital,    Sarnia 


Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  Shaw;  Pres.,  Miss  M.  Thomp- 
son: Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  V.  Galloway;  Sec,  Miss 
Front  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  I. 
Conveners:  Social,  Miss 
Miss  Bloomfield;  Flower 
&  Visiting,  Miss  Cairns;  Alumnae  Room,  Misa 
Shaw:  Nominating,  Miss  Siegrist;  Rep.  to:  The 
Canadian  Nurse   &  Press,  Mrs.   M.   Elrick. 


F.  Morrison.  138>^  N. 
Dunford;  Committee 
Revington ;    Program, 


A. A.,     Stratford     General     Hospital,     Stratford 

Honourary  President,  Miss  A.  M.  Munn; 
President,  Miss  Annie  Ballantyne.  General 
Hospital:  Secretarj',  Mrs.  Viola  Byrick,  308 
Huron  Street:  Treasurer.  Miss  Jean  Watson, 
General  Hospital;  Committee  Conveners  :  Social, 
Miss  Bernice  Moore;  Assists:  Miss  L.  Attwood. 
Miss  M.  Mackenzie;  Flower  and  Gifts,  Misa 
M.   Mnrr. 


A. A.,   Ottawa  General   Hospital,  Ottawa 

Hon.  President.  Rev.  Sr.  Flavie  Doniitille;  Hon. 
Vice.-Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  Helen  of  Rome:  Pres..  Miss 
Viola  Foran;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  Alice  Proulx; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Rose  Therien ;  Secretary- 
Treasurer.  Miss  Lucille  Brule.  95  Glen  Ave.; 
Meinbership  Secretary.  Miss  Florence  Lepine; 
Councillors:  Mmes  E.  Viau.  L.  Dunn,  Misses  E. 
Byrne,   .M.   Prindeville.   J.   Larochelle. 


A. A.,   Mack   Training    School,    St.   Catharines 

Presirlent.  Miss  Evelyn' Buchanan ;  First  Vice- 
President,  Miss  Kionier:  Second  Vice-President. 
Miss  Ulpt;  Secretary.  Miss  Sayus,  General  Hos- 
pital :  Treasurer.  Miss  McMahon ;  Committee 
Conveners:  Program,  Miss  J.  Turner;  Social, 
Miss  Hastie;  Visiting,  Miss  Kirkpatrick;  Re- 
presentatives to:  Press,  Miss  H.  Brown;  The 
Canadian    Nurse,    Miss    A.    Brubaker.  • 


A. A.,    St.    Luke's    Hospital,    Ottawa 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  E.  Maxwell.  O.B.E.:  Pres. 
Mrs.  W.  H.  Johnston:  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  J.  Prit- 
chard:  Sec.  Mrs.  J.  Hall,  17  Openago  Rd.: 
Treas.,  Mrs.  J.  W.  Shore:  Committees:  Flowers: 
Misses  Lewis,  Craig:  Refreshments:  Misses  Nel- 
son, Allen;  Reps,  to:  Central  Registry:  Mrs. 
Brown.  Miss  Heron:  Loral  Council  of  TTonien, 
Mrs.  Mothersill;   Press,  Miss  Johnston.- 


A. A.,    St.    Thomas   Memorial    Hospital,   St.   Thomas 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  J.  M.  Wilson:  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Miss  F.  Kudoha;  Pres..  Miss  E.  Stoddem; 
First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  E.  Ray;  Sec,  Mrs.  B. 
Davidson ;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  E.  Dorlds.  33  Welling- 
ton St.;  Treas.  Miss  P.  Howell:  Committee 
Conveners:  Social,  Miss  A.  Claypole;  Flower, 
Miss  M.  Broadlev:  Ways  &  Means.  Miss  A. 
Fryer;  Reps,  to  R.N.A.O.,  Miss  B.  McGee;  Pre»$, 
Miss  E.  Jewell. 


A. A.,    Owen    Sound    General    and    Marine    Hospital, 
Owen    Sound 

Honourary  Presidents.  Miss  E.  Webster.  Miss 
R.  Brown :  President.  Miss  C.  MacKeen :  First 
V'ice-President,    Miss    V.    Reid;    Secretary-Treas- 


A.A.,    The    Grant    Macdonald    Training    School 
for   Nurses,   Toronto 

Honourary    President,    Miss     Pearl    MorrLson; 
President.  Mrs.- E.  Jacques;   Vice-President,   Miss 


358 


THE    CANADIAN   NURSE 


A.  Lenclruin ;  Recording  Secretary.  Mrs.  M. 
Smith.  130  Dunn  Avenue;  Corresponding  Secre- 
tarj-.  Miss  I.  Lucas,  l.SO  Dunn  Avenue:  Treas- 
urer,   Miss    Maud    Zufelt;    Social   Convener,   Miss 

B.  Langdon. 

A. A.,    Hospital    for   Sick   Children,   Toronto 

Pres,.  Mrs.  D.  E.  MacKenzie;  First  Vice-Pres,, 
Mrs.  W.  S.  Keith;  Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  M. 
Mclnnis;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  H.  Booth;  Corr.  Sec, 
Mrs.  \V.  Ritchie.  55  Colin  Ave.;  Treas.,  Miss 
F.    Watson.    H.S.C. 


A. A.,    Riverdale    Hospital,    Toronto 

Pres..  Mrs.  S.  J.  Hubbert;  First  Vice-Pres.. 
Miss  A.  Armstrong;  Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  M. 
Thompson;  Sec.  Mrs.  H.  E.  Radford.  6  Neville 
Pk.  Blvd.;  Treas.,  Mrs.  T.  Fairbaim;  Conveners: 
Program,  Miss  Mathieson ;  Visiting:  Mrs.  Spree- 
man.  Miss  M.  Thompson;  Reps,  to:  Press  &  Pub- 
lication, Miss  J.  Forbes;  R.N.A.O.,  Miss  O. 
Gerber;    The   Canadian   Nurse,   Miss    Armstrong. 


E.  Graham,  E.  Clancey,  Mrs.  J.  B.  Wadland; 
Committee  Conveners:  Archives,  Miss  J.  M. 
Kniseiey;  Flower,  Mrs.  J.  B.  Wadland;  Social, 
Miss  F.  Chantler;  Program,  Miss  S.  Sewell; 
Gift,  Miss  M.  Fry;  Scholarship,  Miss  G.  Lovell; 
"The  Quarterly".  Mrs.   H.  E.  Wallace. 


A.A.,    Training    School    for    Nurses    of    the    Toronto 

East    General    Hospital    with    which    is    incorporated 

the    Toronto    Orthopedic    Hospital,    Toronto 

Honourary  President,  Miss  Ella  MacLean ; 
President,  Miss  Margaret  Purvis;  Secretary, 
Miss  D.  Jean  Smith.  64  Hewitt  Avenue,  Toron- 
to; Treasurer,  Miss  Dorothy  Golden. 

A. A.,    Toronto    Western    Hospital,    Toronto 

Hon.  Presidents,  Miss  B.  Ellis,  Mrs.  C.  J. 
Currie;  President,  Mrs.  Douglas  Chant;  Vice- 
President,  Miss  Mae  Palk ;  Corresponding  Secret- 
ary, Miss  Isabel  Kee.  Nurses  Residence,  T.W.H.; 
Recording  Secretary,  Mrs.  Fooks;  Treasurer,  Miss 
Benita  Post.  Western  Hospital;  Representative 
to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Elizabeth  Westren. 


A. A.,    St.   John's    Hospital,   Toronto 

Hon.  Pres..  Sr.  Beatrice;  Pres.,  Miss  M.  Mar- 
tin; First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  D.  Whiting;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Creighton;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss 
M.  Anderson ;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  M.  Riches,  St. 
John's  Convalescent  Hospital;  Treas.,  Miss  A. 
Greenwood ;  Entertainment  Convener,  Miss  R. 
Ramsden ;  Visiting  Convener,  Miss  L.  Richard- 
son ;  Rep.  to  Press,  Miss  E.  Price. 


A.A.,   Wellesley   Hospital,   Toronto 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  E.  K.  Jones;  Pres.,  Miss  J. 
Harris;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Stanton;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Johnston;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss 
G.  Schwindt;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  M.  Russell,  4 
Thurloe  Ave.;  Treas..  Miss  J.  Brown;  Treas. 
Sick  Fund,  Miss  D.  Good;  General  Committee: 
Misses  E.  Cowan,  J.  Hayden,  B.  Calvert,  J. 
Laird,   H.  Wark,   G.   Bolton,   Mrs.   Reeve. 


A. A.,   St.   Joseph's   Hospital,   Toront* 

Pres..  Miss  T.  Hushin;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss 
M.  Goodfriend ;  Sec  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  V.  Smith ; 
Rec.  Sec.  Miss  M.  Donovan ;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss 
M.  T.  Caden,  474  Vaughan  Rd.;  Treas.,  Miss  L. 
Hill;  Entertainment  Convener,  Mrs.  J.  Shapley; 
Program  Convener,  Miss  M.  Kelly;  Representa- 
tive  to  R.N,A,0.,  Miss   C.   Knaggs. 


A. A.,    Women's    College    Hospital,    Toronto 

Honourary  President,  Mrs.  Bowman;  Honourary 
Vice-President,  Miss  H.  T.  Melklejohn;  Pre»l 
dent.  Mrs.  S.  Hall.  86B  Manning  A»e.  ; 
Recording  Secretary,  Miss  Isabel  Hall.  Womeii'» 
College  Hospital;  Treasurer,  Miss  W.  Worth. 
93  Scarbora  Beach  Blvd.;  Representative  to 
The   Canadian   Nurse,   Miss   Mary   Gialk. 


A. A.,    St.    Michael's    Hospital,    Toronto 

Hon.  Pres..  Sr.  Mary  of  the  Nativity:  Hon. 
Vice-Pres..  Sr.  M.  Kathleen ;  Pres..  Miss  D. 
Murphy;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Stone;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres..  Miss  K.  Boyle;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss  M. 
McRae;  Corr.  Sec,  Mrs.  M.  Benny,  2510  Bloor 
St.  W.,  Apt.  1:  Treas..  Miss  K.  Meagher;  Coun- 
cillors: Misses  M.  Hughes.  E.  Crocker.  K.  Ham- 
mil;  Committee  Conveners:  Press,  Miss  H.  Ca- 
vanagh :  Mag.  Editor,  Miss  M.  Crowley;  Assoc. 
Membership.  Mrs.  R.  Slingerland;  Reps,  to:  Hos- 
pital &  School  of  Nursi7ig  Section,  Miss  G.  Mur- 
phy: Public  Health  Sectioti,  Miss  M.  Tisdale: 
Local  Council  of  Women,  Mrs.  T.  Scully. 


A. A.,    School    of    Nursing,    University    of    Toronto, 
Toronto 


A. A.,    Ontario    Hospital,    New    Toronto 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  Rothery,  Mrs.  C.  Brock; 
Pres..  Miss  L.  Sinclair:  First  Vice-Pres.  Miss 
M.  Wright;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss  E.  McCalpin :  Corr. 
Sec.  Miss  E.  Greenslade.  Ontario  Hospital; 
Treas.,  Miss  V.  Dodcl;  Committee  Conveners: 
Program,  Miss  B.  Thompson;  Social,  Miss  A. 
McArthur:  Visit:ng  &  Flower,  Miss  G.  Reid; 
Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  D.  Wylie. 


A.A.,   Grace   Hospital,   Windsor 

President,  Adjutant  Gladys  Barker;  Vic« 
President.  Miss  Phyllis  Hardcastle;  Secretary, 
Miss  Jeanette  Ferguson.  Grace  Hospital;  Treas- 
urer. Miss  Jean  Galloway;  Echoes'  Editor,  Ad- 
jutant Gladys  Barker. 


Hon.  Pres..  Miss  E.  K.  Russell;  Hon.  Vice-Pres.. 
Miss  F.  H.  Emory;  Pres..  Miss  M.  Macfarland; 
First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  J.  Leask;  Sec.  Vice-Pres. 
Miss  E.  Crjderman ;  Sec.  Miss  M.  Nicol.  226  St. 
George  St. ;  Treas..  Miss  E.  J.  Davidson ;  Con- 
veners :  Membership,  Mrs.  M.  McCutcheon ;  En- 
doirment  Fund,  Miss  E.  Eraser;  Program,  Miss 
J.   Wilson ;    Social,   Miss   B.   Ross. 

A. A.,   Toronto   General    Hospital,   Toronto 

Pres..  Miss  Ethel  Cryderman ;  First  Vice-Pres. 
Miss  Marion  Stewart;  Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  R.  F. 
Chisholm :  Sec -Treas..  Miss  Leslie  Shearer,  5 
High  Park  Ave.;  Councillors:  Misses  C.  Wallace. 


A. A.,   Hotel-Dieu,   Windsor 

Hon.  Past  Pres..  Sr.  Marie  de  la  Ferre:  Hon. 
Pres..  Rev.  M.  Claire  Maitre;  Pres..  Miss  Ellen 
Cox;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  J.  Byrne:  Sec. 
Vice-Pres..  Miss  J.  Duck;  Sec.  Miss  M.  Beaton. 
1542  Goyeau  St.;  Con.  Sec,  Sr.  M.  Roy,  Hotel- 
Dieu  Hospital ;  Treas..  Miss  M.  Lawson ;  Visit- 
ing Committee:  Misses   M.   May.   B.   Beuglet. 

A.A.,  General  Hospiul,   Woodstock 

Pres..  Miss  Mary  Matheson;  Vice-Pres..  Mrs. 
Jack  Town;  Sec,  Miss  A.  Aitcheson;  Ass.  Sec, 
Miss    M.    I.    Matheson;    Treas.,    Miss    .\.    Amott; 


OFFICIAL    DIRECTORY 


359 


Ass.  Treas..  Miss  K.  Mahon ;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  E. 
Rickar'd.  211  Wellington  St.;  Committee  Conve- 
ners: Flowers  &  Gifts:  Misses  M.  Hodgins.  N. 
Smith;  Program,  Miss  M.  Gillespie;  Social,  Mrs. 
King;  Rep.  to  Press,  Miss  B.  Calvert. 


QUEBEC 


A. A.,    Children's    Memorial    Hospital,   Montreal 

Hon.  Presidents,  Misses  A.  S.  Kinder,  E. 
Alexander:  Pres..  Miss  H.  Nuttall;  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  M.  Robinson ;  Sec,  Miss  Rose  Wilkinson, 
Children's  Memorial  Hospital;  Treas.,  Miss  R. 
Allison ;  Social  Convener,  Miss  A.  Cameron ; 
Representatives  to:  Private  Duty  Section,  Miss 
V.  Ford;   The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  M.  Collins. 


A.A.,  Homoeopathic  Hospital,  Montreal 


Hon.  Pres.  Miss  V.  Graham;  Pres.,  Miss  N. 
Gage:  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  J.  Morris;  Sec.  Miss 
M.  Stewart.  865  Richmond  Sq. ;  Treas..  Mrs.  E. 
Warren ;  Conveners :  Sick  Benefit,  Mrs.  War- 
ren; Visiting:  Misses  Campbell,  Currie;  Pro- 
gram, Miss  Macdonald;  Refreshment,  Miss  Per- 
ron: General  Nursing  Section:  Misses  Allnutt, 
Snas.lell-Taylor. 


Miss  F.  Munroe :  Second  Vice-President  .Miss  H. 
Sharpe:  Recording  Secretary,  Miss  K.  Stanton; 
Secretary-Treasurer,  Miss  G.  A.  K.  Moffat,  Royal 
Victoria  Hospital:  Board  of  Directors  (without 
office) :  Miss  E.  C.  Flanagan.  Mrs.  E.  O'Brien ; 
Conveners  of  Standing  Committees:  Finance, 
Mrs.  R.  Fetherstonhaugh ;  Program,  Miss  0. 
Yeats;  Scholarship,  Miss  H.  Sharpe;  General 
Nursing.  Mrs.  A.  F.  Robertson:  Conveners  of 
Other  Committees:  Canteen,  Miss  B.  Campbell; 
Red  Cross,  Mrs.  F.  E.  McKenty;  Visiting,  Miss  R. 
Reid:  Representatives  to:  The  Canadian  Nurse. 
Miss  G.  Martin :  Local  Council  of  Women.  Mrs. 
Vance  Ward.  Miss  K.  Dickson. 


A. A.,   St.    Mary's   Hospital,    Montreal 


Pres.,  Miss  E.  O'Hare;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M. 
Smith:  Rec  Sec.  Mrs.  L.  O'Connell :  Corr.  Sec, 
Miss  E.  O'Connell;  Treas.,  Miss  E.  Quinn;  Com- 
ynittees:  Entertainment:  Misses  Marwan,  D.  Mc- 
Carthy, McDerby.  Ryan;  Visiting:  Misses  Brown, 
Coleman,  .Mullins;  Special  Nurses:  Misses 
Goodman.  P.  McCarthy;  Reps,  to:  Press:  Misses 
Zurick.  Culligan ;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss 
E.   Toner. 


A.A.,    School    for   -Graduate    Nurses, 
McGill    University,    Montreal 


A. A,     Lachine     General     Hospital,     Lachine 


Uoiiouran'  President.  Miss  L.  M.  Brown: 
I'lesident,  Miss  Ruby  Goodfellow:  Vice-Presi- 
ilent.  Miss  Myrtle  Gleason:  Secretarj'-Treasurer. 
Mrs.  Byrtha  Jobber,  60-.')lst  Ave..  Dixie — La- 
I'liiiie;  General  Nursing  Representative,  Miss 
Ruby  Goodfellow:  Executive  Committee:  Mrs. 
Barlow,   Mrs.   Gaw.    Miss   Dewar. 


Pres..  Miss  Margaret  Brady;  Vice-Pres..  Miss 
Winnifred  McCunn;  Sec-Treas.,  Miss  Elsie  All- 
der.  Royal  Victoria  Hospital:  Conveners:  Flora 
M.  Shaw  Memorial  Fund,  Mrs.  L.  H.  Fisher; 
Program.  Miss  R.  Lamb,  Representatives  to: 
Local  Council  of  Women,  Mrs.  J.  T.  Allan, 
Mrs.  J.  R.  Taylor,  The  Canadian  Nurse.  Miss  F. 
Lamont. 


A.A.,  Woman's  General  Hospital,  Westmount 


L'Association    des    Gardes-Malades     Diplomees, 
Hopital     Notre-Dame.    Montreal 

Hon.  Pres..  Rev.  Sr.  Papineau ;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  Decary;  Pres.  Mile  Eva  Merizzi; 
First  Vice-Pres..  Mile  Germaine  Latour;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres..  Mile  Laurence  Deguire;  Rec.  Sec, 
Mile  Ola  Sarrazin;  Corr.-Sec,  Mile  Bernadette 
Magnan.  2205  rue  Maisonneuve:  Assoc  Sec, 
-MUe  S.  Belaire:  Councillors:  Miles  M.  Lussier, 
C.    Lazure.   J.    Vanier. 


Hon.  Presidents,  Misses  Trench.  Pearson:  Pres., 
Miss  C.  Martin;  First  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  Crewe; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Rosen :  Rec.  Sec.  Miss 
Van-Buskirk;  Corr.  Sec,  Mrs.  G.  Bentley.  3582 
University  St.:  Treas..  Miss  Francis;  Committees: 
Visiting:  Misses  T.  Wood,  G.  Wilson:  SocinJ: 
Mrs.  Saginur.  Miss  Yellin :  Rep.  to  The  Canadian 
Nurse,  Miss  Francis. 


A. A.,    Jeffery    Hale's    Hospital.    Quebec 


A.A.,    Montreal    General    Hospital,    Montreal 

Hon.  Presidents.  Miss  Webster.  Miss  Tedford; 
Hon.  Treasurer.  Miss  Dunlop:  President.  Miss 
Catherine  .Anderson :  First  Vice-President  Miss 
Bertha  Birch:  Second  Vice-President.  Miss  Mar>' 
Long;  Recording  Secretary-.  Miss  Jean  McNair; 
Corresponding  Secretary-.  Miss  Mabel  Shannon. 
Nurses  Home.  Montreal  General  Hospital;  Trea- 
surer. Miss  Isabel  Davies:  Committees:  Execu- 
tive: Misses  M.  K.  Holt.  A.  Whitney.  H.  Bartsch. 
E.  Robertson.  Mrs.  F.  Johnston;  Program:  Misses 
M.  Batson  E.  Denman.  K.  Annesley:  Refresh- 
ment: Misses  Clifford  (convener).  Michie.  A. 
Scott.  B.  Broadhurst.  M.  McQuarrie:  Visiting: 
Misses  M.  Ross.  B.  Miller.  H.  Christian;  Repre- 
sentatives to:  General  Nursing  Section:  Misses 
A.  Whitney.  M.  McLeod.  C.  Pope.  J.  Ross:  Local 
Council  of  Women:  Misses  A.  Costigan.  M.  Ste- 
vens; The  Canadian  Nurse:  Miss  C.  W^atling. 


A. A.,     Royal     Victoria     Hospital,     Montreal 

Hon.   President.   Miss   Mabel   F.    Hersev;   Presi- 
dent.   Mrs     R.    A.    Taylor:    First    Vice-President. 


Pres..  Mrs.  A.  W.  G.  Macalister:  First  Vice- 
Pres.,  Mrs.  L.  Teakle;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  G. 
Weary:  Sec.  Miss  M.  G.  Fischer,  305  Grande 
Allee:  Treas..  Mrs.  W.  D.  Fleming;  Councillors: 
Misses  Wolfe.  Kennedy,  Fitzpatrick,  Ross,  Mrs. 
Pfeiffer;  Committees:  Refreshment:  Misses  Kirt- 
sen,  Jones,  Warren,  Dawson;  Visiting:  Misses 
Douglas  (convener),  Martin.  Mmes.  Raphael. 
Gray:  Program:  Mmes.  Young.  Teakle,  Misses 
Lunam.-  Douglas:  Reps,  to:  Private  Duty  Sec- 
tion: Misses  Walsh,  Perry;  The  Canadian  Nurse, 
Miss  N.  Humphries. 


A. A..    Sherbrooke    Hospital.    Sherbrooke 


Hon.  Pres..  Miss  V.  Beane:  Pres..  Mrs.  I*. 
Skinner;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  F.  Steigmeir; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  G.  Sangster:  Rec.  Sec, 
Miss  X.  Arguin :  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  R.  Forward, 
51  Melbourne  St.;  Treas..  Mrs.  H.  Grundy; 
Convener,  Entertainment  Committee.  Mrs.  H. 
MacCallum :  Reps,  to:  Private  Duty  Section, 
Miss  P.  Gough;  The  Canadian  Nurse.  Mrs.  G. 
Burt. 


360 


THE    CANADIAN   NURSE 


SASKATCHEWAN 


A.A.,    Regina   General   Hospiul,    Regtna 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  D.  Wilson;  Pres.,  Miss  M. 
Brown;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  A.  Palmquist; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  N.  Edwards;  Sec,  Miss  E. 
Meyer,  General  Hospital;  Treas.,  Miss  J.  Hamp- 
ton;'CommiUeea:  Refreshment:  Miss  H.  Lusted. 
B.  Walton;  Flower:  Misses  B.  Langstaff,  E. 
Frostad;  Reps,  tor  Local  Paper,  Miss  L.  Dahl; 
The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  J.  Allison. 


Ways    &    Means   Committee:    Mrs.    C.    Darbellay, 
Mrs.  B.  Hayes,  Mrs.  A.  Barker. 

A. A.,    Saskatoon    City    Hospital,    Saskatoon 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  Howard;  Pres.,  Miss  M. 
Chisholm;  Vice-Pres..  Miss  Collins,  Miss  Grant; 
Rec.  Sec.  Miss  D.  Bjarnason ;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss 
D.  Duff.  S.C.H.;  Treas.,  Miss  E.  Graham;  Con- 
veners: Ways  &  Means,  Mrs.  C.  Fletcher;  Social, 
Mrs.  J.  Gibson;  Program,  Mrs.  H.  Atwell;  Red 
Cross,  Mrs.  T.  Binnie;  Visiting  &  Flower,  Miss 
V.  Bergren;  Press,  Miss  M.  Fofonoff. 


A.A.,    St.    Paul's    Hospital,    Saskatoon 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sister  La  Pierre;  Pres..  Miss  F. 
Bateman;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Bohl :  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  E.  Turner;  Sec,  Miss  C. 
Castagnier,  St.  Paul's  Hospital;  Treas.,  Miss  L. 
Strate;  Councillors:  Mrs.  A.  Hyde.  Mrs.  A. 
Thompson,  Miss  A.  Templeman,  Mrs.  H.  Mackay; 


A.A.,    Yorkton    Queen    Victoria    Hospital,    Yorkton 

Honourary  President,  Mrs.  L.  V.  Bamea; 
President,  Mrs.  W.  Sharpe;  Vice-President. 
Miss  V.  Wilkinson;  Secretary.  Mrs.  T.  E.  Dar- 
roch.  39  Haultain  Avenue;  Treasurer,  Miss  G. 
Zimmer;  Social  Convener.  Mrs.  J.  Parker;  Coun- 
cillors: Mrs.  H.  Ellis,  Mrs.  Sam  Dodds,  Miss 
L.   Wilson. 


Associations  of  Graduate  Nurses 


Overseas     Nursing    Sisters     Assoctatioe 
of    Canada 

Pres.,  Miss  F.  Munroe,  Royal  Victoria  Hos 
pital,  Montreal;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  C.  M 
Watling,  Montreal;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  H.  Paice 
Montreal;  Third  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  B.  Anderson 
Ottawa;  Sec-Treas.,  Miss  E.  Frances  Upton 
Ste.  1019,  Medical  Arts  Bldg..  Montreal;  Re 
presentatives  from  Local  Unit:  Mrs.  C.  E.  Bi 
saillon,  753  Bienville  St..  Apt.  5.  Montreal 
Miss  M.  Moag,  V.  O.  N.,  Montreal. 


BRITISH  COLUMBIA 

Kamloops  Graduate  Nurses  Association 
Pres.,  Mrs.  Markley;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  O.  Gar- 
rood;  Sec,  Miss  E.  Davis.  Royal  Inland  Hos- 
pital ;  Treas.  Miss  F.  Aberdeen ;  Committee  Con- 
veners: Program,  Mrs.  R.  Howard;  Social,  Mrs. 
S.  Dalglelsh;  Ways  &  Means,  Miss  M.  Williams; 
Membership,  Miss  Naylor;  Representatives  to 
The  Canadian  Nurse,  Misses  J.  Norquay,  Turn- 
bull. 

Nelson  Registered  Nurses  Association 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  V.  B.  Eidt;  Pres..  Miss  Turn 
bull;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  B.  Laing;  Sec.  Vice 
Pres.,  Miss  B.  Hayden :  Sec.  Miss  H.  Tompkins 
Kootenay  Lake  Gen.  Hospital :  Treas.,  Miss  G 
Carr;  Committees:  General  Ninsing,  Miss  K 
Scott;  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  V 
Eidt;  Public  Health.  Miss  N.  Dunn;  Ways  & 
Means.  Miss  E.  Sutherland;  Social  &  Program 
Miss  M.  Bower;  Visiting,  Miss  N.  Murphy;  Mem 
bership.  Miss  J.  Boutwell;  Library,  Mrs.  A 
O'Connor:  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  M 
Ross. 


Trail  Chapter,  Registered  Nurses  Association  of 
British  Columbia 
President,  Miss  Marjory  Fletcher;  Vice-Presi- 
dent. Miss  Edythe  Crosson ;  Secretary,  Mls« 
Phyllis  Slader.  Nurses  Residence,  Trail-Tadanac 
Hospital,  Trail;  Treasurer,  Miss  Eileen  Somer- 
ville;  Representative  to  The  Canadian  Nuise, 
Miss   Joyce    Greenwood. 


Victoria   Graduate   Nurses   Association 

Honourarj'  Presidents,  Sister  Mary  Gregory, 
•Miss  Lena  Mitchell;  President,  Miss  Ethel  Gray; 
First  Vice-Pr«e.,  Miss  Z.  Harmon;  Sec.  Vice- 
Pres..  Miss  M.  Plunkett;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss  K. 
Gann;  Corr.  Secretary.  Miss  J.  Engelhardt,  St. 
Joseph's   Hospital;   Treas.,   Miss   E.   Smallwood. 


MANITOBA 

Brandon  Graduate  Nurses  Association 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  E.  Blrtles,  O.B.E.;  Pres.,  Mrs. 
S.  Purdue;  Vice-Pres..  Miss  M.  Morton,  Sec. 
Miss  A.  Crighton.  Brandon  General  Hospital: 
Treas..  Mrs.  J.  Selbie;  Registrar,  Miss  C.  Mac- 
leod:  Conveners:  Red  Cross,  Mrs.  H.  McKenzie; 
Social.  Miss  M.  Trotter;  Press.  Miss  W.  Mitchell; 
General  Nttrsing,  Miss  G.  Lamont;  Rep.  to  The 
Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  G.   Kennettle. 


QUEBEC 


New   Westminster  Graduate   Nurses   Association 

Honouran'  President,  Miss  C.  E.  Clark:  Presi- 
dent, Miss  E.  Wrightman:  First  Vice-President. 
Miss  E.  Beatt;  Second  Vice-President.  Miss  E. 
Scott  Gray:  Secretary,  Miss  B.  Donaldson.  243 
Keary  Street:  Treasurer.  Miss  T.  Eyton;  Re- 
presentatives to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Mrs.  J 
L.    Wright,    Miss    B.    Catherall. 


Montreal    Graduate    Nurses    Association 

President.  Miss  Effie  Killins;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  Clarice  Smith:  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Lil- 
lian MacKinnon;  Hon.  Sec-Treas.,  Miss  Doro- 
thy Shoemaker.  1230  Bishop  St.;  Director  of 
Nin-sing  Registry,  Miss  E.  B.  Ross,  1234  Bishop 
St.  Regular  meetings  second  Tuesday  January, 
first    Tuesday    April.    October,    and    December. 


I   VOLUME  38 
NUMBER     6 

JUNE 
19     4     2 


IHt 


#   Canadian 

Nurses 
Association 

General 

Meeting 

June  22-26,  1942 

Montreal,  Que. 


i    Montreal,  as  seen 
from  Mount  Royal 


lourtesy  of 

Canadian  Pactftc  Railway 


CANADIAN 
NURSE 


OWNED       AND       PUBLISHED       BY 
THE     naManiaiv     miircec     accnnisTiniM 


U.  Now,  Doctor,  from  your  point  of  view,  just  what  is 


carmine:: 


A.  Well,  to  me  canning  is  something  more  than  just 
another  method  of  food  preservation;  it  is  one  of  the 
important  means  whereby  many  foods  essential  for 
proper  nutrition  are  made  readily  available  to 
Canadians  in  all  localities  during  all  seasons  of  the 
year,  (i) 

American  Can  Company,  Hamilton,  Ontario; 
American  Can  Company  Ltd.,  Vancouver,  B.C. 


(l)  1939.  Canned  Food  Reference  Handbook,  American 

Can  Company,  Hamilton,  Ont. 
1938,  Commercial  Fruit    and  Vegetable    Products, 

Second  Edition,  W.  V.  Cruess,  McGraw-Hill, 

New  York. 
1937.  Appertizing     or     the     Art    of   Canning;    Its 

History    and    Development,   A.   W.    Bitting, 

Trade  Pressroom,  San  Francisco. 
1936.  A  Complete  Course  in  Canning,  Sixth  Edition, 

Press  of  "The  Canning  Trade,"  Baltimore. 


DANGER  OF  DIGESTIVE  UPSETS  IN  EARLY 
SOLID  FOOD  FEEDING  REDUCED  WITH— 


These  three  photographs  show 
stools  of  normal  infants  (diluted  7 
times  with  water  and  stained  with 
Lugol's  solution)   100  times  magnified. 


Stool  of  normal  in- 
fant fed  home-strained 
vegetables.  Some  of 
the  food  is  undigested. 
Many  coarse  fibres 
are  also   seen. 


(EXTRACELLULAR) 

BABY  FOODS 


fi^.,-:m^mm'ii^i'ii>*'^'  ^«s>iSie.< 


Stool  of  noitnal  in- 
fant fed  commercially- 
strained  vegetables. 
Here,  also,  some  food 
has  not  been  com- 
pletely digested.  Note 
coarse  fibres  that  may 
cause  intestinal  irri- 
tation. 


Stool  of  normal  in- 
fant fed  Libby's  ho- 
mogenized vegetables. 
Better  digestion  of  all 
nutriment  is  apparent. 
No  coarse  fibres  re- 
main to  cause  irrita- 
tion. Needed  bulk  is 
present  in  fine,  smooth 
particles. 


Recognized  by  many  pediatricians  is  the 
desirability  of  a  more  balanced  diet  for  the 
very  young  infant.  Yet  the  ever  present 
danger  of  diarrhea  and  enteritis  arising  from 
putrefaction  of  undigested  solid  foods  in  the 
intestinal  tract  has  kept  many  doctors  from 
prescribing  nutritious  solid  foods  as  a  sup- 
plement  to   the   milk   diet. 

Now,  early  solid  food  feeding  is  possible — 
for  Libby,  McNeill  &  Libby  have  developed 
a  special  process  of  Homogenization  which 
breaks  up  indigestible  portions  of  the  solid 
food  into  a  fine,  smooth  form  that  is  easily 
and  promptly  digested  by  the  baby's  digestive 
system.  Laboratorj*  experiments  show  that 
the  starch  contained  in  Libby's  Homogenized 
Vegetables  and  Fruits  is  digested  far  more 
completely  in  30  minutes  than  commercially- 
strained  or  home-strained  vegetables  in  two 
hours. 

Libby's  Homogenization  process  breaks  up 
all  coai-se  fibres — thus,  bulk  necessai-y  for 
normal  elimination  is  retained  —  but  turned 
into  a  smooth,  non-irritating  form.  Infants 
PS  young  as  six  weeks  have  been  fed  Libby's 
Homogenized  Baby  Foods  with  no  ill  effects. 
And  because  Homoerenization  releases  nutrient 
inside  the  food  cells  for  contact  with  the  baby's 
digestive  enzymes.  Libby's  Homogenized  Baby 
Foods  yield  more  nutriment  than  an  equal 
"mount  of  food  strained  commerciallv  or  at 
home. 


FREE  SAMPLES  and  descriptive  literature  will  be 
mailed  on  request  to  physicians  and  pediatricians. 
Please  address  your  requests  to  Libby,  McNeill  & 
Libby  Laboratories,  Chatham,  Ontario. 


10     BALANCED     BABY     FOOD      COMBINATIONS: 


Th*fe  combination*  of  Homogenized  Vegetables,  cereal,  loup,  and  fruits  make  it  easy  for  the 
Doctor  to  prescribe  a  variety  of  solid  foods  for  infants 


Peas, 
beets, 
asparagus. 

Pumpkin, 
tomatoes, 
green  beans. 

Peas, 

carrots, 

SDinach. 


4 


Whole  milk, 
whole  wheat, 
soya  bean  flour. 


7 


Prunes, 

pineapple  juice, 
lemon  juice. 


Soup — carrots,  celery, 
tomatoes,  chicken  liv- 
ers,    barley,     onions. 


A  meatless  soup  — 
consisting  of  celery, 
potatoes,  peas,  car- 
rots, tomatoes,  soya 
flour,  and  borley.  Can 
be  fed  to  very  young 
babies. 


An  improved  fruit  com- 
bination —  Bananas, 
apples,  apricots  are 
combined  to  give  a 
nutritious  fruit  com- 
bination that  is  very 
tasty. 


9 


10 


An  "all  Green" 
vegetable  combina- 
tion— Many  doctors 
have  asked  for  this. 
Peas,  spinach  and 
green  beans  are 
blended  to  give  a 
very  desirable  vege- 
table product. 

Tomatoes,  carrots 
and  peas — These 
give  a  nev/  vege- 
table combination  of 
exceptionally  good 
dietetic  properties 
and  flavour. 

And  In  Addition,  Three  Single  Vegetable  Products  Specially  Homogenized 

CARROTS  — PEAS  — SPINACH    and 

LIBBY'S    HOMOGENIZED    EVAPORATED   MILK 

^     Mode  in  Canada  By 

LIBBY,    MCNEILL  &  LIBBY    OF   CANADA  LIMITED,  Chatham,  Onf. 


Head  Colds  Checked 

with  3  drops  in  each  nostril  .... 

PRIVINE   "Ciba" 

(1:1000   solution    of   2-(naphthyl-l-methyl) -imidazoline   hydrochloride) 

NASAL  DROPS 

Clinical  investigations  on  Privine  Nasal  Drops  have  proved  that 
they  are  excellently  suited  for  the  treatment  of  all  forms  of  naso- 
pharyngeal affections. 

In  head  colds,  a  few  moments  after  the  instillation  of  3  drops  of 
Privine  in  each  nostril,  the  headache  and  sensation  of  heaviness  in 
the  head  disappear,  v/hile  the  nasal  respiration  becomes  easier,  the 
watering  of  the  eyes  stops,  the  voice  regains  its  normal  tone  and 
the  sense  of  smell  is  restored. 

Privine  is  also  of  exceptional  prophylactic  and  curative  value 
in  hay  fever.  Two  or  three  drops  of  the  medicament  in  each  nostril 
two  or  three  times  a  day,  as  soon  as  the  first  signs  of  the  condition 
appear,  will  be  fovmd  most  satisfactory. 

ISSUED: 

In  bottles  of  Vi  ounce  with  dropper 

A  professional  sample  for  personal  use  will  gladly  be  furnished  upon  request. 

CIBA  COMPANY  LIMITED  -  MONTREAL 


362 


MUM  REFRESHING 


Versatile— that's  MUM  all  over.  Well,  practically  all  over.  This 

smooth,  snowy-white  cream  deodorant  is  useful  under  arms  and 

at  other  perspiration  points  for  quick  neutralization  of  annoying 
sweat  odor.  MUM  is  effeaively  deodorant  on  the  sanitary 

napkin.  And  mum  is  the  word  for  soothing  and  freshening  hot, 
tired  feet.  Keep  non-irritant,  stainless  mum  handy  as  an  all-round 
grooming  aid.  And  patients  also  will  appreciate 
MUM-conditioning.  Remember,  please,  mum  does 
not  interfere  with  normal  sweat  gland  activity. 

BRISTOL-MYERS  COMPANY 

1241-00  Rue  Benoit,  Montreal,  Canada 


i    XAViV^ 


MUM    TAKES    THE     ODOR    OUT    OF    STALE    PERSPIRATION 


Morgan's  Welcomes  You! 


We  invite  you  to  make  full  use  of  all 
the  store's  facilities  for  shopping, 
dining,  resting  or  writing. 

See  our  dresses  for  off  duty  hours;  lock 
at  our  celebrated  Munro  Scottish  tweeds; 
our  very  fine  Sports  Shop  casuals;  our 
Nurses'  Uniform  department;  and  most 
particularly  investigate  the  comfort  of 
Morgan's  WHITE  SISTER  shoes  for 
nurses. 


White  Sister  Shoes  made 
of  genuine  Rankin  and 
Hunt  bucko  —  $10. 


Henry  Morgan   &   Co.,  Limited 

Montreal,  P.Q. 


HOLIDAY  AT  THE  "PAULINE  LEMOINE  MEMORIAL 

ENJOY  the  beauties  of  the  Laurentian  Mountains 
in  the  celebrated  Gatineau  District. 


D 


HOT     AND 

COLD 

RUNNING 

WATER. 

BOATING. 

BATHING. 


D 


GOOD 
MEALS. 


COURTEOUS 
SERVICE. 


CONGENIAL 
COMPANY. 


D      ■!  IWWiiiiii    ^  iiillW      □ 

The  Victorian  Order  of  Nurses'  beautiful  summer 
home  on  Blue  Sea  Lake,  Quebec. 

FOR     FURTHER     INFORMATION     WRITE 

MRS.  G.  B.  GREENE,  460  Wilbrod  St.,  Ottawa,  Ont. 


364 


ORODONO  SAFELY  STOPS  PERSPIRATION 

ONE  TO  THREE  DAYS 


Compare  ODORONO 
Cream  v/ith  any  other 
deodorant  you've  ever  tried! 

Compare,  first,  the  size  of  the  jar 
.  .  .  you  get  1  FULL  OUNCE  — 
not  just  a  half  ounce  — ■  of 
ODORONO  Cream  for  39c  ! 
Now,  compare  the  quality  —  if 
you  don't  agree  that  ODORONO 
Cream  is  the  best  deodorant 
you've  ever  tried,  we'll  give  you 

YOUR 
MONEY 

BACK! 


rvEEP  the  sick  room  a  pleasanter 
place  for  you  and  for  your  patient 
by  stopping  perspiration  with 
ODORONO  Cream.  Apply  ODORONO 
Cream  as  a  regular  part  of  your 
cleanliness  routine — for  yourself  and 
for  your  patient.  ODORONO  Cream 
takes  the  odour  from  perspiration — 
is  safe  and  pleasant  to  use. 

•  Non-irritating  —  use  before  or  after 
shaving. 

•  Quick-vanishing  —  dries  in  a  jiffy, 
takes  but  a  few  seconds  out  of  your 
busy  day. 

•  Non-greasy  — doesn't  stain  bed  linen 
or  clothing. 

YOUR  DRUG  OR  DEPARTMENTAL  STORE 


365 


,-/jV.f.^^: 


IF  YOU'RE 
COMING 
TO 
MOI^REAL 


VISIT  EATON'S,  Montreal's  most  interesting  depart- 
ment store!  We'll  be  all  set  to  welcome  you,  while 
you're  in  town  for  the  Biennial  Convention  .  .  .  with 
attractive  summer  fashions  as  well  as  the  newest 
available  in  nurses'  uniforms,  shoes,  stockings,  et  al 
.  .  .  and  be  sure  to  lunch  and  tea  in  our  9th  Floor 
Restaurant  .  .  .  it's  one  of  the  showplaces  of  the  city! 

.-^T.  EATON  C9,..eo 

OF       MONTREAU 


PEDICULOSIS* 

Yields  to 

CUPREX 

Cuprex  is  the  answer  to  the  problem 
of  head,  body  or  crab  lice.  A  single 
application  will  usually  destroy  eggs 
and  nits.  Cuprex  is  non-sticky  and  has 
no  unpleasant  odour.  At  drugstores 
everywhere. 

head. 


*That     condition     caused 
body  or  crab  lice. 


by 


CUPREX 

A     MERCK     PRODUCT 


MERCK  &  CO. 
LIMITED 

Manufacturing    Chemists 
Montreal, 


366 


^ilcQ pQa.±  in  a.  poo.! 


CORRELATION  OF  MEDICAL  NURSING.  SURGICAL  NURSING,  NUTRITION  AND  PHARMACOLOGY 


Introduc- 
tion 

Respiratory 
System 

Circulatory 
.System 

Alimentary 
System 

Urinary 
Tract 

Integumen- 
tary 
System 

Essentials  of  Medicine 
Emerson  and  Taylor  — 
14th  Edition 

Unit  1 

Unit  2 

Unit  3 

Unit  4 

Unit  5 

Unit  6 

Surgical  Nursing 
EHason.  Ferguson  and 
Farrand — 6th  Edition 

Unit  1 

Unit  2 

Unit  3 

Unit  4 

Unit  5 

Unit  6 

Pharmacology  for  Ni-rses 
Faddis  and  Hayman  — 
First  Edition 

Unit  1 

Unit  4 

Unit  5 

Unit  6 

Unit  7 

Unit  2 

Nutrition    in  Health  and 
Disease.  Cooper,  Barber. 
Mitchell— 8th  Edition 

Part  n 
Unit  1 

Part  II 

Unit  2 

Part  II 

Unit  6 

Part  II    ■ 
Unit  3 

Part  II 

Unit  7 

Part  II 
Unit  4 

Special 
Condi- 
tions 

Endo- 
crine 
Glands 

Nervous 
System 

Muscu- 
loskel- 
etal Sys- 
tem 

Repro- 
ductive 
System 

Commu- 
nicable 
Diseases 

Special 
Condi- 
tions 

Essentials  of  Medicine 
Emerson  and  Taylor  — 
14th  Edition 

Allergic 
Unit  7 

Unit  8 

Unit  9 

Unit  10 

Unit  11 

Unit  12 

Psycho- 
neurotic 
Reactions 
Unit    13 

Surgical  Nursing 
Eliason,  Ferguson  and 
Farrand — 6th  Edition 

Eye  and 
Ear 

Unit  7 

Unit  8 

Unit  0 

Unit  10 

Unit  11 

Unit   12 

Operative 

Aseptic 
Technic 
Unit    13 

Pharmacology  for  Nurses 
Faddis  and  Hayman     — 
First  Edition 

Unit  2 

Unit  8 

Unit  3 

Unit  3 

Unit  7 

Unit  8 

NuTRiTio.N  IN  Health  and 
Disease.  Cooper,  Barber, 
Mitchell — 8th  Edition 

Part  II 
Unit  4 

Part    II 
Unit  5 

Part    II 

Unit  8 

Part    II 
Unit    10 

Part  III 

Unit   1 

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368 


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369 


The   Canadian   N 

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urse 


CONTENTS  FOR  JUNE,  1942 

The  Fundamentals  of  Professional  Leadership 

The  Snively  Medal  Awards  _         _         _         _         _ 

Blood  Transfusion  ______ 

The  Canadian  Dietetic  Association      _         _         -         _ 
The  Provinces  Set  the  Pace       _____ 

Notes  from  the  National  Office  _         _         _         _ 

Maternal  Welfare  and  the  Maternity  Grant 
Wanted — Leaders  in  the  General  Nursing  Section 
Training  Practical  Nurses         _____ 

An  Important  Appointment  _____ 

A  Plea  for  the  General  Duty  Nurse  _         _         _ 

In  Memory  of  Jean  Mackenzie  _____ 

Provincial  Annual  Meetings      _         _         _         _         _ 

Overseas    Mail        _______ 

Case  Study  of  Treatment  of  Haemolitic  Jaundice 
Exhibitors  at  the  General  Meeting    _         _         -         - 
News  Notes  -  _______ 


M.  Lindeburgh  375 

-  382 
-   D.  P.  Boyd  388 

J.  M.  Holder  392 

K.    W.    Ellis  393 

-  397 
R.  M.  Simpson  400 

-  M.M.Baker  405 

-  M.  M.  Baker  407 

-  408 

-  A.  F.Lawrie  409 

-  411 

-  412 

-  418 

-  B.    Convery  421 

-  -  -  424 

-  428 


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370 


All  too  frequently,  the  man  with  a  tendency  to  gastric  upsets  is 
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371 


Reader's  Guide 


The  general  theme  of  this  issue  of  the 
Journal  is  leadership  and  the  fundamentals 
of  that  difficult  art  are  ably  presented  by 
Marion  Lindeburgh  who  is  herself  an  au- 
thority on  the  subject.  Miss  Lindeburgh  is 
well  known  to  Canadian  nurses  in  the  ca- 
pacity of  director  of  the  McGill  University 
School  for  Graduate  Nurses  and  as  the 
author  of  "A  Proposed  Curriculum  for 
Schools  of  Nursing  in  Canada."  The  text  of 
her  article  formed  the  substance  of  an  ad- 
dress delivered  at  the  annual  meeting  of 
the  Registered  Nurses  Association  of  Onta- 
rio. 


The  need  for  leadership  in  the  private 
duty  field  was  presented  at  the  same  meet- 
ing by  Madalene  Baker  and  it  was  evident 
to  all  who  had  the  privilege  of  hearing  her 
that  she  knew  whereof  she  spoke.  Miss  Ba- 
ker has  herself  experienced  the  trials  and 
tribulations  as  well  as  the  rewards  of  pri- 
vate duty.  On  behalf  of  her  group,  she  has 
striven  for  better  hours  and  working  con- 
ditions and  has  already  achieved  a  large 
measure  of  success.  Miss  Baker  not  only 
has  the  courage  of  her  convictions  but  is 
also  willing  to  put  them  to  the  test  in  terms 
of  action. 


Blood  transfusion  has  taken  on  added  irn- 
portance  since  the  outbreak  of  war  and  it 
is  necessary  that  nurses  should  be  thoroughly 
conversant  not  only  with  the  techniques  but 
with  the  scientific  principles  on  which  they 
are  based.  Under  the  joint  auspices  of  the 
hospital  and  school  of  nursing  section  and 
the  public  health  nursing  section  of  the 
A. R.N. P. Q.,  a  well  attended  demonstration 
was  gdven  at  the  Royal  Victoria  Hospital  by 
Dr.  David  P.  Boyd,  Assistant  Resident  in 
Surgery,  Montreal  General  Hospital.  We  are 
grateful  to  Dr.  Boyd  for  allowing  the  Jour- 
nal to  publish  the  excellent  address  which 
he  delivered  on  that  occasion. 


In  her  capacity  as  Emergency  Nursing 
Adviser  to  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association, 
Kathleen  W.  Ellis  tells  us  more  about  her 
fact-finding  tour  of  the  Dominion  and,  in 
"The  Provinces  Set  the  Pace",  gives  a  vi- 
vid and  heartening  picture  of  the  new  and 
courageous  projects  which  are  being  de- 
veloped the   country  over. 


The  Government  of  the  Province  of  Sas- 
katchewan has  acquired  an  excellent  repu- 
tation for  progressive  policies  and  methods 
in  the  field  of  public  health.  Ruby  M.  Simp- 
son describes  the  nature  and  scope  of  the 
Maternity  Grant  which  has  done  so  much 
to  promote  maternal  welfare  in  Saskatche- 
wan. The  grant  is  administered  by  the  Di- 
vision of  Public  Health  Nursing  of  which 
Miss  Simpson  is  herself  the  director.  In 
recognition  of  her  services  in  the  health 
field.  Miss  Simpson  was  appointed  to  be  an 
Officer  of  the  Order  of  the  British  Empire 
and,  for  four  years,  served  with  conspicuous 
success  as  the  President  of  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association. 


A  plea  for  a  square  deal  for  the  general 
duty  nurse  is  made  by  Annie  F.  Lawrie  and 
is  all  the  more  convincing  because  Miss 
Lawrie  has  studied  the  situation  from  the 
angle  of  the  director  of  nursing.  Miss  Law- 
rie is  superintendent  of  nurses  in  the  Re- 
gina  General  Hospital.  Her  article  is  the 
substance  of  an  address  delivered  at  a  meet- 
ing of  the  Saskatchewan  Hospital  Asso- 
ciation where,  it  is  to  be  hoped,  it  did  not 
fall  on  deaf  ears. 


An  article  of  unusual  merit,  written  by 
Barbara  Convery,  appears  on  the  Student 
Nurses  Page.  In  a  footnote  her  instructor 
raises  an  issue  which  deserves  more  atten- 
tion than  it  usually  receives.  Comment  is 
invited. 


372 


•  COATS    AND    PROTECTS     THE     IRRITATED     MUCOSA.     ACTING    AS     A 
MILD       ASTRINGENT  •PRECIPITATES      AND     COAGULATES 

BACTERIAL   SUSPENSIONS       •  ADSORBS    AND    RENDERS     INNOCUOUS 
TOXIC     AND      IRRITANT     SUBSTANCES      IN      THE      INTESTINES. 


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374 


CANADIAN  NURSE 

A  MONTHLY  JOURNAL  FOR  THB   NURSBS   OF   CANADA 
P^U  B  LI8HBD  BY  THB  CANADIAN  NURSBS  ASSOCIATION 


YOLUMB  THIRTr-BIGHT 


NUtiBBR  SIX 


JUNE,    1942 


The  Fundamentals  of  Professional  Leadership 

Marion  Lindeburgh,  M.A. 


The  sociologist  tells  us  that  no  group 
of  jjeople  has  ever  existed  which  has 
not  been  vitally  influenced  by  leader- 
ship. If  this  be  true,  the  conception  of 
leadership  is  as  old  as  the  story  of  man- 
kind. History  seems  to  support  this 
statement.  Records  reveal  that  in  primi- 
tive community  life  the  chief  of  the 
tribe  filled  a  significant  role,  as  leader. 
As  we  trace  the  development  of  na- 
tional groups,  it  becomes  evident  that 
great-  movements  and  reforms  of  a  re- 
ligious, social,  pohtical  and  educational 
nature  received  their  impetus  through 
the  convictions,  initiative,  foresight  and 
creative  effort  of  great  leaders. 

With  this  thought  in  mind,  a  host  of 
personalities  pass  before  us:  we  could 
not  fail  to  recognize  a  Napoleon  or  a 
Wellington,  a  Pasteur  or  a  Lister;  a 
Luther  or  a  Knox;  a  Shakespeare  or  a 
Milton;  a  Gladstone  or  a  Disraeli;  a 
Rousseau  or  a  Dewey;  a  Newton  or  an 


Einstein;  a  Churchill  or  a  Roosevelt. 
There  seems  to  be  no  question  about 
the  universality  of  leadership.  When 
we  consider  the  increasing  complexity 
of  modern  society,  and  the  present  gen- 
eral disruption  of  the  world  in  which 
ways  of  thinking  and  behaving  are  in 
a  constant  state  of  conflict  and  change, 
it  is  apparent  that  its  function  is  be- 
coming evermore  important  and  neces- 
sary. 

We  are  assuming,  of  course,  that  the 
type  of  leadership  of  which  we  stand 
in  great  need  at  the  moment,  is  not 
of  the  kind  which  is  exercised  by  the 
autocrat  or  dictator.  We  do  not  need 
to  be  reminded  of  the  existence  of  such 
leadership;  we  cannot  deny  the  power 
of  Adolph  Hitler,  but  we  denounce  both 
his  purpose  and  his  methods.  Such  lea- 
dership as  his  has  no  place  in  the  demo- 
cratic way  of  life  which  regards  the  se- 
curity,   freedom    and    happiness    of    the 


JUNE,  1942 


375 


376 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


individual   as   fundamental   principles. 

The  democratic  countries  entertain 
no  doubts  regarding  the  cause  for  which 
they  are  fighting,  for  their  concept  of 
democracy  and  democratic  leadership 
is  based  upon  our  Christian  ideals  as 
these  were  revealed  to  the  world  twen- 
ty centuries  ago.  This  character  of  lea- 
dership and  its  effect  upon  the  people  is 
described  by  the  Psalmist  in  words  which 
are  familiar  to  us  all:  "The  Lord  is  my 
light  and  my  salvation;  whom  shall  I 
fear?  The  Lord  is  the  strength  of  my 
life ;  of  whom  shall  I  be  afraid  ?  Though 
a  host  encamp  against  me,  my  heart 
shall  not  fear;  though  war  shall  rise 
against  me,  in  this  will  I  be  confident." 
The  lines  cont'ained  in  the  King's 
Christmas  broadcast,  which  sank  so 
deeply  into  our  hearts,  had  their  appeal 
because  they  also  typified  that  kind  or 
leadership,  rooted  firmly  in  our  Chris- 
tian  faith : 


I  said  to  a  man  who  stood  at  the  gate  of  the 
year,  'Give  me  a  light  that  I  may  tread  safe- 
ly into  the  unknown'  and  he  replied,  'Go 
out  into  the  darkness  and  put  your  hand 
into  the  hand  of  God.  That  shall  be  to  you 
better  than  light  and  safer  than  the  known 
way,  'so  I  went  forth  and  finding  the  hand 
of  God,  trod  gladly  into  the  night,  and  He 
led  me  towards  the  hills  and  the  breaking 
of  the  day. 


So,  our  ideas  of  leadership  to-day 
and  the  characteristics  of  the  desirable 
leader  have  envolved  from  Christian 
principles  and  practices.  The  leader  of 
to-day  in  many  fields  of  service  has  a 
much  more  difficult  role  to  fill  than  in 
previous  times,  but  the  principles,  es- 
sential qualifications  and  characteristics 
of  leadership  have  not  changed.  It  is 
based  upon  love  for  one's  fellow-man. 
One  who  does  not  sympathize  with 
people,  who  cannot  put  himself  in  ima- 


gination into  their  place,  who  cannot 
share  the  life  they  live,  or  den\  him- 
self as  they  are  forced  to  do  or  suffer 
with  them  if  they  must,  is  not  capable 
of  leading.  A  leader  must  be  unselfish, 
thinking  not  only  of  the  good  of  the 
cause  but  of  the  welfare  of  the  group. 
It  demands  a  resolute  will,  imagination, 
vision,  enthusiasm,  determination  and 
courage  to  go  forward.  The  leader 
must  have  faith  in  the  cause  as  well  as 
confidence  in  those  who  follow.  The 
leader  in  his  turn  must  be  a  follower  of 
someone  else,  and  by  no  means  the 
least  of  his  qualities  must  be  a  willing- 
ness to  realize  that  he  cannot  be  right 
all  the  time.  "Only  the  person  who  ne- 
ver does  anything,  never  makes  a  mis- 
take." 

The  task  of  a  leader  is  not  an  easy 
one;  it  represents  hard  work  and  many 
who  aspire  fail  to  achieve  their  goal 
because  of  circumstances  which  have 
proved  too  difficult  for  them,  or  be- 
cause of  weaknesses  within  themselves. 
Possibly  the  commonest  reasons  for  such 
failure  are  unfavourable  personality 
traits,  an  inabili^^y  to  inspire  and  main- 
tain the  confidence  of  people,  and  an  un- 
fortunate adherence  to  an  autocratic 
instead  of  a  democratic  method  of  ap- 
proach. Leading  is  not  dictating.  We 
all  remember  the  old  adage:  "A  man 
convinced  against  his  will,  is  of  the  same 
opinion  still."  The  job  of  the  leader 
is  not  to  tell  while  others  listen ;  the 
leader  who  fails  to  listen  to  those  whom 
he  leads  misses  the  essential  things  he 
needs  to  know.  How  can  the  leader 
make  decisions  for  the  welfare  of  the 
group,  unless  he  listens  to  their  difficul- 
ties. 

In  discussing  this  question  of  leader- 
ship, it  is  important  that  we  should 
realize  that  it  could  not  exist  without 
followers.  It  is  their  accomplishment 
which  is  the  justification  and  test  of 
the    leadership    they    have    been    given. 

Vol.  38  No.  6 


PROFESSIONAL    LEADERSHIP 


377 


The  leader  inspires,  stimulates  and 
guides  but  he  in  turn  is  always  inspired, 
stimulated  and  guided  by  the  feeling 
and  action  of  the  group,  and  while  he 
is  the  leader,  at  the  same  time  he  is 
seeking  to  recognize  in  the  group,  signs 
and  qualities  of  potenHal  leadership. 
Leadership  has  always  been  a  motivat- 
ing force  in  the  development  of  all  pro- 
fessional groups.  We  in  the  nursing  field 
are  mindful  of  the  women  who  have 
gone  before  us,  who  have  guided  our 
thinking  and  strengthened  our  prac- 
tice, who  have  helped  us  to  retain  the 
spiritual  and  human  aspects  of  nursing 
which  should  distinguish  at  all  times 
our  professional  service. 

In  our  effort  to  meet  the  challenge 
of  our  time,  we  become  more  deeply 
aware  of  the  figure  of  Miss  Nightingale. 
Her  conception  of  nursing  as  an  art 
requiring  not  only  skilled  hands,  but 
high  ideals  and  a  broad  understanding 
of  social  conditions  and  human  needs, 
her  insistance  upon  culture  and  educa- 
tion as  essential  prerequisites,  havf  served 
as  the  rock  bottom  for  the  building  up 
of  modern  standards  of  nursing  educa- 
tion and  service.  So  often  it  is  stated 
that  Florence  Night^ingale  marched 
ahead  of  her  time,  and  this  statement 
is  a  tribute  to  her  imagination  and  in- 
sight into  nursing  as  a  profession  which 
should  deal  with  conditions  of  health 
as  well  as  illness. 

We  are  grateful  too  to  Miss  Nutting 
and  Miss  Goodrich  for  their  philosophy 
and  education  outlook.  They  are 
staunch  champions  in  the  cause  of  nurs- 
ing education.  They  have  inspired 
nurses  to  make  the  most  of  themselves 
because  of  their  firm  conviction  that 
the  status  of  a  profession  is  dependent 
upon  the  quality  of  its  constituent  mem- 
bers and  the  service  which  they  render 
cannot  be  better  than  that  which  they 
are  qualified  to  render.  It  is  not  my  in- 
tention to  eulogize  the  women  who  have 

JUNE,   1942 


done  most  for  the  cause  of  nursing  edu- 
cation in  Canada.  Like  good  captains, 
they  took  command  of  the  wheel  and 
steered  us  away  from  the  rocks  and  our 
into  the  open  sea.  They  have  gone  from 
the  ship,  but  they  have  left  the  compass 
and  the  sextant  in  our  hands.  We  shall 
not  forget  their  determination  to  hold 
the  course. 

We  who  are  nurses,  and  no  doubt  it 
is  the  same  in  other  professions,  possess 
a  faith  that  at  times  of  crisis  and  stress 
someone  will  arise  in  our  midst  to  show 
us  the  way.  Professional  leadership 
should  not  be  left  to  chance.  The  nurs- 
ing profession  has  taken  the  initiative 
and  assumed  responsibility  in  many  mat- 
ters connected  with  nurses  and  nursing 
but  have  we  given  the  necessary  at- 
tention to  the  development  of  potential 
leaders.  Our  future  as  a  profession  can 
be  great,  but  it  is  uncertain,  and  our  sta- 
bility and  expansion  of  service  will  be 
determined  in  large  measure  by  the  lea- 
dership which  we  develop.  Miss  Doro- 
thy Rogers,  director  of  the  School  of 
Nursing,  Presbyterian  Hospital,  Chica- 
go, has  recently  said  in  an  excellent  ar- 
ticle entitled  "Vocational  Guidance  in 
Schools  t)f  Nursing  and  Nursing  Serv- 
ice    : 


Every  potentiality  of  individual  ability, 
every  unused  quality  of  leadership,  every 
element  of  strength  that  our  profession  pos- 
sesses, both  individually  and  collectively, 
must  be  ferreted  out  and  put  to  use.  Al- 
though the  task  of  grooming  others  for  first 
line  duty  be  lacking  in  dramatic  thrills,  it 
is  as  essential  as  bales  of  bandages  and  tons 
of   carefully   knitted   socks. 

While  every  nurse  should  feel  res- 
ponsible for  her  own  growth,  there  are 
many  in  our  ranks  who,  perhaps  be- 
cause of  lack  of  encouragement  or  op- 
portunity, have  failed  to  achieve  the 
level  of  which  they  are  capable.  There 


378 


THE   CANADIAN    NURSE 


has  been  a  great  waste  of  human  re- 
sources in  all  the  professions  and  nurs- 
ing has  been  no  exception  owing  to 
failure  to  recognize  and  develop  exist- 
ing potentialities  within  our  professional 
body. 

What  are  the  sources  then,  from 
which,  our  professional  leadership  may 
be  derived?  We  might  discuss  for  a 
moment  the  responsibility  of  our  Na- 
tional Association  in  this  regard.  It  is 
obvious  that  no  Association  can  exist 
apart  from  the  members  of  which  it  is 
composed.  Its  activities  reflect  the  ef- 
forts of  individuals  and  groups  who  par- 
ticipate. Policies  adopted  and  action  ta- 
ken by  the  Nursing  Council  of  England 
and  Wales,  by  the  American  Nurses 
Association  and  the  Canadian  Nurses 
Association,  since  the  outbreak  of  war, 
represent  a  necessary  process  of  plan- 
ning by  members  of  the  profession  to 
whose  leadership  we  trust.  The  stimula- 
tion and  guidance  which  are  being  given 
at  this  time  by  the  Canadian  Nurses 
Association  through  the  appointment  of 
an  Emergency  Nursing  Adviser  will 
have  inevitably  far  reaching  results.  The 
report  which  appears  in  the  March  is- 
sue of  The  Canadian  Nurse,  entitled 
"New  Ways  in  Wartime,"  sets  forth 
important  recommendations  which 
should  be  considered  seriously  by  all 
the  provincial  associations.  We  do  not 
look  for  immediate  results;  some  of  the 
objectives  can  only  be  achieved  after  a 
process  of  careful  study  and  a  period  of 
trial. 

The  Survey  of  Nursing  Education  in 
Canada,  published  in  1932,  served  as 
a  powerful  impetus  to  progress  and 
much  has  been  achieved  during  the 
last  ten  years.  We  are  much  more  able 
now  to  diagnose  our  own  weaknesses, 
and  we  have  high  hopes  that  the  re- 
commendations made  last  September 
at  the  Joint  Meeting  of  the  Executive 
Committee  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  As- 


sociation and  representatives  of  univer- 
sity schools  of  nursing,  will  serve  during 
this  time  of  war  as  a  great  challenge 
for  the  maintenance  of  standards  of 
education  and  service. 

If  strong  leadership  is  to  come 
through  our  National  Association,  and 
our  Provincial  Associations  too,  a  heavy 
responsibility  lies  upon  nominating  com- 
mittees and  voting  bodies  to  propose  and 
choose  people  who  are  best  qualified  to 
fill  the  various  offices.  In  speaking  of 
leadership  through  our  Canadian  Nurses 
Association,  we  must  not  overlook  the 
significance  of  our  national  magazine. 
The  Canadian  Nurse.  It  serves  as  a 
source  of  stimulation  and  as  a  means  of 
interpreting  our  nursing  affairs.  No  one 
should  fail  to  subscribe  for  one  would 
miss  a  vital  source  for  professional 
growth.  The  page  entitled  Notes  from 
the  National  Office  should  be  reviewed 
carefully.  They  are  planned  to  keep 
nurses  informed  of  the  activities, of  the 
National  and  of  Provincial  Associations. 

Let  us  now  consider  some  funda- 
mentals of  leadership  in  their  relation  to 
schools  of  nursing  and  the  service  field. 
It  is  important  in  our  modern  system  of 
nursing  that  we  should  regard  posts  in 
administration,  teaching  and  supervision 
as  positions  of  leadership,  and  nurses 
filling  them  should  be  carefully  chosen 
and  prepared.  The  duties  of  the  admin- 
istrator, the  teacher,  the  supervisor,  are 
differently  defined  but  in  each  case  they 
are  responsible  for  the  development  and 
guidance  of  students  and  graduates  who 
have  less  experience  than  themselves. 
In  other  words  all  executive  posts  should 
be  considered  as  opportunities  for  lea- 
dership. 

Let  us  begin  with  the  administrator; 
what  are  the  opportunities  and  respon- 
sibilities for  leadership  of  the  chief  ad- 
ministrator? We  have  in  mind  par- 
ticularly superintendents  of  nurses  and 
heads  of  pubhc   health   nursing  organi- 

Vol.  38  No.  6 


PROFESSIONAL    LEADERSHIP 


379 


zations.  Emerson  said,  "Every  great 
institution  is  the  lengthened  shadow  of 
one  man".  While  this  statement  would 
be  challenged  to-day,  it  does  focus  the 
flood-light  upon  the  head  of  an  organi- 
zation as  the  source  of  inspiration  and 
stimulation  for  the  staff.  Doctor  Weir 
in  the  Survey  Report  describes  the 
evolving  role  of  the  administrator  in  the 
following  words: 

Early  administrative  leadership  in  the 
nursing  profession  in  Canada  was  largely  of 
an  inspirational  and  religious  type.  These 
early  leaders  resembled  reservoirs  of  emo- 
tional and  moral  energy  so  fruitful  in  the 
overcoming  of  obstacles  that  beset  the  infant 
profession  in  the  pioneering  stage  of  its  de- 
velopment. This  stage  is  not  yet  past,  and 
while  the  above  type  of  leadership  is  still 
beneficial,  if  kept  within  due  bounds,  there 
is  a  paramount  need  to-day  for  leadership 
that  possesses  not  only  inspirational  qualities, 
but  also  educational  foresight,  sound  judg- 
ment, and  competent  administrative  and  or- 
ganizing capacity. 

This  statement  was  made  ten  years 
ago,  and  if  Doctor  Weir  were  writing 
it  to-day  he  could  not  express  in  better 
terms  the  kind  of  administrative  leader- 
ship which  we  need  at  the  present  time. 
This  statement  still  holds  as  a  challenge 
to  our  Canadian  Nurses  Association,  to 
Provincial  Associations,  as  well  as  to 
all  administrators  of  schools  of  nursing 
and  nursing  organizations. 

The  traditional  administrative  prac- 
tice, whereby  the  head  assumed  the  su- 
preme prerogative,  has  been  definitely 
modified  by  modern  educational  theory 
and  practice.  The  successful  adminis- 
trator of  to-day  is  democratic  in  outlook. 
She  is  aware  that  every  member  of  her 
staff  should  and  must  accept  certain  ad- 
ministrative responsibilities,  and  it  is  her 
duty  to  help  them  to  become  increasing- 
ly efficient.  She  knows  too  that  the  ad- 
ministration of  the  institution  as  a  whole 
can  be  effective  only  in  so  far  as  she 
is  willing  to  relinquish  authority  and  de- 

JUNB,  1942 


legate  responsibility  to  each  member  of 
her  staff.  She  adopts  this  policy  because 
she  realizes  that  those  members  of  the 
staff  who  are  specialists  in  their  respec- 
tive fields  are  better  qualified  than  she 
is  to  undertake  certain  administrative 
tasks.  The  democratic  administrator  has 
her  reward  in  a  sense  of  real  satisfaction 
when  she  selects  someone  and  trains 
her  to  do  something  better  than  she 
could  do  it  herself. 

It  is  significant  and  somewhat  para- 
doxical to  note  that  under  the  demo- 
cratic system  of  administration  more 
rather  than  less  is  required  of  the  ad- 
ministrator. In  one  of  her  characteristic 
articles,  Miss  Lillian  Clayton  states  that 
the  successful  administrator  is  a  person 
with  an  understanding  of  the  principles 
of  education,  and  she  has  the  conviction 
to  hold  fast  to  principles  and  the  pluck 
to  press  on  against  existing  difficulties. 
She  has  an  outlook,  with  ability  to  share 
her  experience  with  her  staff;  the  pa- 
tience to  deal  with  imperfections  and 
mistakes,  the  spirit  to  be  cheerful  and 
hopeful  in  the  face  of  disappointments, 
the  alertness  to  recognize  progress  when 
it  occurs,  and  the  good  will  to  commend 
when  it  is  merited.  She  is  sincerely  in- 
terested in  the  welfare  of  her  staff,  and 
knows  them  well  enough  to  give  them 
good  advice.  The  administrator  should 
be  mindful  that  the  kind  of  person  the 
nurse  is  becoming  is  the  important  thing 
in  her  development.  In  other  words,  it 
is  the  person  within  the  nurse  that  marks 
her  as  a  potential  leader. 

It  is,  therefore,  a  fundamental  prin- 
ciple of  educational  administration  that 
each  member  of  the  staff  should  have 
some  share  in  setting  up  objectives, 
forming  policies  and  establishing  prac- 
tices with  the  institution,  and  all  should 
be  afforded  an  opportunity  of  discussing 
and  contribution  to  the  solution  of  ad- 
ministrative problems.  In  this  way  the 
head  secures  the  interest,  understanding 


380 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


and  support  of  the  staff  and  provides 
for  them  the  greatest  incentive  for  in- 
dependent co-operative  and  creative  ef- 
fort. This  process  results  in  the  growth 
and  development  of  all  members  of  the 
staff,  and  it  should  predispose  to  de- 
velopment  of  nursing  leaders. 

That  there  is  a  great  lack  in  the  pro- 
fessional development  of  many  nurses 
is  shown  by  their  reluctance  to  take  pari 
in  nursing  affairs,  to  stand  upon  their 
feet  and  express  an  opinion,  or  to  offer 
a  voluntary  service.  Self  assurance  and 
spontaneity  can  only  be  developed  in  a 
staff  as  a  whole  by  affording  each  of 
its  members  an  opportunity  to  use  her 
initiative,  think  critically,  express  her 
opinions,  and  to  participate  in  the  various 
activities  of  the  group.  The  only  pos- 
sible way  of  teaching  people  how  to 
lead  is  to  give  them  practice  in  leading. 
We  learn  best  through  the  process  of 
doing. 

It  might  be  asked  how  best  can  the 
administrator  make  contacts  with  mem- 
bers of  her  staff  to  assist  them  to  fur- 
ther their  own  interests  and  their 
growth.  Perhaps  the  most  generally  ac- 
cepted method  is  that  of  the  staff  con- 
ference, which  serves  naturally  as  an  oc- 
casion for  guidance  and  the  exchange 
of  ideas.  It  also  affords  the  head  an  op- 
portunity to  recognize  the  potential 
qualities  of  staff  members. 

Increasing  emphasis  is  being  laid  upon 
the  need  of  a  systematic  staff  education 
programme  in  all  nursing  organizations. 
Quite  apart  from  the  educational  value 
to  the  staff,  there  can  be  no  question  but 
that  the  improvement  of  nursing  serv- 
ice results  from  development  of  the 
efficiency  of  the  staff.  This  applies 
equally  to  hospitals  and  public  health 
nursing  organizations.  There  are  dif- 
ficulties which  interfere  with  the  intro- 
duction of  a  systematic  staff  programme. 
The  pressure  of  service  appears  to  be 
the  chief  problem  in  bringing  the  staff 


together  for  instruction  or  conference. 
Public  health  organizations  have  per- 
haps gone  farther  in  organization  for 
staff  education  than  schools  of  nurs- 
ing, judging  from  observation  and  ar- 
ticles appearing  on  the  subject  from 
time  to  time  in  the  professional  journals. 
Because  continuous  education  and  de- 
velopment of  the  personnel  is  basic  to 
effective  service,  it  is  now  generally  re- 
cognized that  a  staff  education  pro- 
gramme is  an  essential  feature  in  any 
nursing  organization. 

There  is  a  nursing  group,  other  than 
the  staffs  of  hospitals  and  public  health 
nursing  organizations,  which  stands  in 
need  of  leadership  namely,  private  duty 
nurses  and  general  staff  nurses.  We 
have  not  thought  of  this  group  parti- 
cularly in  terms  of  potential  leaders. 
Possibly  because  of  the  lack  of  organized 
educational  supervision  their  potential 
resources  have  not  been  adequately  tapy- 
ped.  We  must  remember  that  the  priv- 
ate duty  nurse  goes  into  the  homes  of 
people  whose  attitudes  towards  nurses 
and  nursing  can  mean  much  to  our  pro- 
fessional status.  The  good  nurse  in  the 
home  sells  nursing  to  the  public  in  a 
way  no  other  nurse  can  do.  It  is,  there- 
fore, vitally  important  that  she  should 
keep  up-to-date  in  general  information, 
professional  knowledge,  and  nursing 
techniques.  She  should  be  encouraged 
to  continue  her  studies  and  to  under- 
take refresher  courses.  The  same  applies 
to  the  general  staff  nurse.  Just  how  best 
this  may  be  accomplished  is  a  problem 
in  the  process  of  solution.  It  is  rea- 
sonable to  hope  that  organized  lea- 
dership of  this  group  will  evolve  out  of 
themselves. 

We  have  so  far  been  dealing  with 
the  matter  of  continuous  growth  of 
graduate  nurses  and  the  importance  of 
utilizing  the  best  of  our  professional 
material  for  the  services  that  nurses  are 
called  upon  to  render;   what  about  stu- 

Vol.  38  No.  6 


PROFESSIONAL    LEADERSHIP 


381 


dent  nurses?  Amongst  the  students 
who  enter  our  schools  of  nursing  are 
the  leaders  of  the  future.  It  is  surely 
short-sighted  to  wait  until  she  graduates 
to  evaluate  a  student's  ability  as  a  po- 
tential leader.  This  process  should  be 
commenced  when  she  enters  the  school, 
and  should  be  continued  throughout  the 
basic  course.  Teachers,  supervisors  and 
head  nurses  are  responsible  for  the  edu- 
cation of  students  and  their  leadership 
is  an  essential  education  function.  More 
depends  upon  the  selection,  qualifications 
and  personalities  of  the  teaching  and 
supervisory  personnel  than  upon  any 
other  factor  affecting  the  development 
of  s'^udent  nurses.  The  influence  of  an 
inspired,  well  informed  and  skillful  tea- 
cher is  the  soul  and  substance  of  the 
curriculum.  The  classroom  teacher  has 
an  opportunity  for  testing  and  evaluat- 
ing the  mental  responses  of  students, 
and  their  capacity  to  do  independent  and 
creative  work.  Teaching  is  no  longer 
regarded  as  a  telling  process,  which  is 
likely  to  paralyze  learning;  it  is  in  con- 
trast a  means  of  stimulating  the  student 
to  self-activitv  in  developing  new  un- 
derstandings, solving  problems,  and 
reaching  decisions  based  upon  reflec- 
tive thinking  and  sound  judgment. 

Experience  in  the  classroom  is  not 
sufficient  for  nursing  education.  It  is 
on  the  wards,  in  contact  with  patients, 
that  students  develop  the  qualities  that 
characterize  the  good  nurse.  It  is  by 
means  of  profitable  clinical  experience 
that  students  learn  to  become  self-di- 
rected, self-controlled,  kindly,  co-opera- 
tive and  skillful  nurses.  Such  qualities 
make  for  good  nursing  and  they  are 
also  characteristic  of  potential  leaders. 
The  head  nurse  is  in  the  most  favourable 
position  to  recognize  the  abilities  of 
students.  She  can  evaluate  them  in 
many  different  ways:  by  their  willing- 
ness and  desire  to  give  of  their  best 
to    patients;    by    their    reaction    to    con- 

JUNE,  1942 


structive  criticism;  their  alertness,  ability 
to  make  patients  comfortable;  their  en- 
thusiasm and  foresight;  their  ability  to 
carry  out  nursing  duties  systematically, 
and  so  forth.  It  is  necessary  that  the 
head  nurse  should  have  maturity,  special 
preparation  and  experience  that  she  may 
teach  effectively,  confer  with  students 
and  evaluate  them  objectively.  The  im- 
portance of  the  clinical  supervisor  as  a 
leader  and  counsellor  of  students  has 
not  yet  been  fully  appreciated.  Miss  K. 
Tucker  has  said  that  a  supervisor  is  a 
teacher,  first  last  and  all  the  time.  As 
student  nurses  advance  in  their  course, 
the  supervisor,  more  than  any  other 
member  of  the  staff,  should  be  capable 
of  offering  vocational  guidance  to  aid 
students  in  choosing  the  field  of  service 
for  which  they  are  best  fitted,  and  in 
which,  therefore,  they  will  probably  be 
most  successful. 

I  meet  head  nurses  and  supervisors 
who  have  the  right  educational  outlook 
and  are  doing  their  best  to  meet  the 
needs  of  students;  but  until  their  admin- 
istrative load  is  adjusted  in  such  a  way 
as  to  give  them  the  requisite  time  to  de- 
velop a  clinical  programme,  and  for 
their  own  preparation,  this  goal  cannot 
be  reached.  As  increasing  emphasis  is 
placed  upon  the  careful  selection  of 
students  (and  we  must  not  lower  the 
standards  even  in  wartime)  and  when 
the  education  programme  conforms 
more  closely  to  standards  as  outlined 
in  the  proposed  curriculum,  a  much 
firmer  basis  will  be  laid  for  the  building 
of  professional  leadership  in  nursing. 

In  the  last  analysis,  the  status  of  nurs- 
ing, the  achievements  of  nurses,  their 
professional  conduct  and  their  influence 
upon  the  public  will  be  determined  lar- 
gely by  the  quantity  and  quality  of  the 
leadership  which  is  provided.  A  crisis 
such  as  we  are  now  facing  is  a  real 
test  of  the  stuff  of  which  nurses  are 
made.  For  those  in  military  service  par- 


382 


THE   CANADIAN    NURSE 


ticularly,  who  will  have  to  make  many 
difficult  adjustments,  it  will  be  a  test 
of  their  emotional  stability,  their  ability 
to  maintain  professional  dignity  and  poise, 
to  adhere  to  ethical  principles  of  pro- 
fessional conduct,  to  maintain  the  con- 
fidence and  respect,  not  only  of  those 
whom  they  nurse  but  also  of  those  with 
whom  they  work.  However  every  per- 
son cannot  be  equally  strong,  and  in  ful- 
filling the  functions  of  leadership,  let  us 
remind  ourselves  that  a  chain  is  only  as 
strong  as  its  weakest  link  and  that  it  is 
our  moral  duty  to  retain  a  sympathetic 
attitude  and  to  offer  a  helping  hand. 


Miss  Nutting,  in  addressing  a  group 
of  nurses  graduating  from  the  Vassar 
School  during  the  last  war,  concluded 
her  address  in  words  which  I  should 
like  to  quote  in  closing  my  own  remarks: 

"The  steadfastness  with  which  we 
hold  to  a  high  purpose  through  trying 
times,  in  the  fortitude  and  faith  with 
which  that  purpose  is  pursued  in  the  face 
of  discouragement  and  sometimes  defeat, 
in  the  sense  of  responsibility  to  stand  by 
our  work  as  a  captain  stands  by  his 
ship  —  in  these  things  is  the  test  of 
the  character  and  worth  of  the  nursing 
profession." 


The  Snively  Medal  Awards 


The  Mary  Agnes  Snively  Award 
Committee  is  fully  appreciative  of  the 
extraordinary  honour  and  privilege  con- 
ferred upon  it  in  this  opportunity  to  for- 
mally announce  the  medal  awards  for 
1942.  The  reason  for  this  unusual  pro- 
cedure in  announcement  will  be  readily 
understood. 

The  Mary  Agnes  Snively  medals  con- 
stitute a  memorial  to  the  Founder  of  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association  and  bear 
her  name.  They  are  awarded  at  each 
Biennial  Meeting  to  nurses  who,  in  the 
considered  opinion  of  the  provincial  asso- 
ciations, exemplify  in  their  professional 
work  the  lofty  ideals  and  standards  of 
service  which  characterized  the  life  of 
Miss  Snively.  That  she  may  continue  to 
live  in  the  hearts  and  minds  of  those  who 
carry  on  the  work  she  loved  and  served 
so  ably,  is  the  cherished  hope  expressed 
in  the  ceremony  of  the  presentation  of 
the  medals. 

The  awards  for  1942  will  bring  to 
twelve  the  number  of  Canadian  nurses 
who  are  privileged  in  the  possession  of 
the  honour  of  the  Mary  Agnes  Snively 


medal.  All  are  women  of  distinction  who 
have  been  unfailing  in  their  loyalties 
and  unstinting  in  their  efforts  toward 
the  advancement  of  nursing  education 
and  nursing  service.  To  the  list  of  pre- 
vious years  we  now  add  the  names  of 
Grace  M.  Fairley,  Director,  School  of 
Nursing,  Vancouver  General  Hospital, 
and  President  of  the  Canadian  Nurses 
Association,  E.  Frances  Upton,  Exe- 
cutive Secretary,  Association  of  Regis- 
tered Nurses  of  the  Province  of  Que- 
bec, and  Eleanor  McPhedran,  Victorian 
Order  of  Nurses,  Calgary.  Announce- 
ment of  the  selecion  of  these  well  known 
women  will  be  received  with  pleasure 
and  pride  by  their  associates  every- 
where. The  highest  possible  tribute  is 
richly   merited   by  them. 

Very  special  felicitations  will  go  to 
the  President,  Miss  Fairley,  as  this 
honour  is  bestowed  upon  her  at  the 
conclusion  of  four  years  of  service  as 
chief  officer.  The  unwavering  deter- 
mination, keen  foresight,  and  abound- 
ing courage  displayed  in  her  leadership 
during  a  period  of  unprecedented  world 


Vol.  38  No.  6 


THE    SNIVELY    MEDAL    AWARDS 


383 


stress,  has  won  for  her  the  admiration 
of  all. 

Presentation  of  the  awards  will  take 
place  on  the  evening  of  Monday,  June 
22,  in  Montreal,  Quebec,  on  the  occa- 
sion of  the  General  Meeting  of  the  As- 
sociation. The  presence  of  all  three  re- 
cipients at  the  ceremony  is  anticipated, 
a  fact  which  will  add  immeasurably  to 
its  interest. 

Ruby  M.  Simpson 

Convener,  Mary  Agnes  Snively 
Memorial  Award  Committee. 


Grace  M.  Fairley 

"We  must  not  think  in  terms  of  eas^ 
or  west  but  rather  of  what  will  help  to 
develop  nursing  thoughout  Canada". 
This  was  the  message  sent  to  the  mem- 
bers of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Associa- 
tion by  their  National  President  in  1938, 
Nurses  in  Canada  are  now  privileged 
to  honour  Miss  Fairley  with  the  Agnes 
Snively  Medal  Award.  It  is  a  most 
fitting  tribute  to  the  sentiments  ex- 
pressed in  this  message  and  the  many 
professional  contributions  made  by  Miss 
Fairley,  in  which  this  spirit  is  reflected. 

Born  in  Edinburgh,  Scotland,  Grace 
Mitchell  Fairley  was  educated  in  that 
famous  centre  and  truly  represents  the 
sterling  qualities  of  the  Scot.  After  grad- 
uating from  the  Swansea  General  Hos- 
pital, Miss  Fairley  held  a  number  of 
responsible  positions  in  the  Old  Country 
before  the  spirit  of  adventure  brought 
her  to  Canada.  In  this  country,  her  gifts 
to  nursing  and  nursing  progress  have 
been  most  signal  ones.  As  an  adminis- 
trator. Miss  Fairley's  record  is  an  un- 
usual one.  She  had  held  positions  of  out- 
standing importance  in  three  different 
provinces,  reaching  from  Quebec  to  Bri- 
tish Columbia.  From  1912  to  1929, 
she  served  successively  as  superintendent 

JUNE,  1942 


of  nurses  at  the  Alexandra  Hospital  in 
Montreal,  the  Hamilton  General  Hos- 
pital, and  the  Victoria  Hospital  in  Lon- 
don, Ontario.  In  1929  she  accepted 
an  urgent  invitation  to  become  director 
of  nursing  and  principal  of  the  school 
of  nursing  at  the  Vancouver  General 
Hospital  and  still  holds  this  position, 
with  the  honour  of  having  recorded  the 
longest  tenure  of  that  office  in  the  his- 
tory of  the  hospital.  In  her  thirteen  years 
of  office  Miss  Fairley  has  sponsored 
many  progressive  changes  at  the  Van- 
couver General  Hospital;  she  has  re- 
organized services  and  departments  with 
true  astuteness;  she  has  retained  the 
best  of  the  traditions  but  infused  them 
with  changes  conceived  out  of  the 
wealth  of  her  professional  experience. 

Miss  Fairley  is  among  the  limited 
number  of  brave  women  who  have  faced 
the  problems  of  administering  a  nurs- 
ing service  during  the  two  great  wars. 
She  has  done  so  with  courage  and  the 
conviction  that  it  is  essential  to  victory 
that  some  should  "carry  on".  She  has 
accepted  the  responsibility  with  a  deli- 
berate appreciation  of  what  service  on 
the  "home  front"  means  at  such  times, 
and  the  cost  of  giving:  it. 

Miss  Fairley's  contributions  to  pro- 
fessional organizations  have  been  unique 
and  varied.  She  was  the  first  president 
of  the  Association  of  Registered  Nurses 
of  the  Province  of  Quebec,  and  has 
held  a  similar  office  in  the  Registered 
Nurses  Association  of  British  Columbia. 
She  has  filled  other  executive  offices  in 
both  Associations,  and  has  been  untiring 
in  her  support  of  professional  activities. 
In  such  developments,  Miss  Fairley's 
interest  has  not  been  limited  to  provin- 
cial associations;  she  served  as  councillor 
and  later  as  president  of  the  Cana- 
dian Association  of  Nursing  Education 
before  this  organization  fused  into  the 
national  association;  at  various  times 
she  has  held  the  office  of  vice-president 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


Grace  M.  Fairley 

Photo   by   Artona,   Vancouver 

and  councillor  of  the  Canadian  Nurses 
Association.  From  1930  to  1934,  as 
chairman  of  the  Nursing  Education 
Section,  Miss  Fairley  laid  the  founda- 
tion for  many  progressive  educational 
developments  that  have  taken  form  of 
recent  years  in  Canada.  In  all  her  pro- 
fessional relationships,  Miss  Fairley  has 
shown  a  breadth  of  vision,  tempered  by 
caution,  and  an  intuition  which  is  the 
proverbial  heritage  from  her  native  land. 
The  professional  offices  held  by  her 
have  extended  outside  Canada;  from 
1916  to  1917  she  was  vice-president  of 
the  American  Hospital  Association  and, 
at  the  present  time,  holds  a  similar  of- 
fice in  the  International  Council  of 
Nurses.  With  a  true  responsibility  of 
citizenship.  Miss  Fairley  has  identified 
herself  with  many  interests  outside  the 
profession.  She  is  an  active  Soroptimist 
and  a  past-president  of  a  Soroptomist 
club.  She  is  also  a  member  of  the  Wo- 
men's   Canadian    Club   and    other    wo- 


men's organizations  in  which  she  re- 
presents the  high  ideals  and  profes- 
sional aspirations  that  she  consistently 
supports. 

It  is  as  president  of  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association  and  vice-president  of 
the  International  Council  of  Nurses  that 
nurses  in  Canada  honour  Miss  Fairley 
today.  With  a  fine  spirit  of  leadership, 
untiring  devotion  and  human  under- 
standing, she  has  guided  the  activities 
and  destinies  of  the  Canadian  Nurses 
Association  through  very  unusual  and 
most  difficult  times.  Those  who  have 
worked  with  her  during  the  present 
crisis,  realize  the  demands  that  have 
been  made  upon  her  since  the  outbreak 
of  the  war.  She  has  become  a  seasoned 
flyer  in  the  cause  of  nursing  and,  in 
good  weather  and  bad,  has  crossed  the 
continent  to  preside  at  important  meet- 
ings. She  has  done  so  with  graciousness 
and  enthusiasm  that  have  readily  in- 
fected and  inspired  others. 

It  is  not  necessary  to  know  Miss 
Fairley  very  intimately  to  appreciate 
her  many  and  rare  qualities,  including  a 
charm  of  personality  and  generosity  of 
outlook  that  are  sustained  under  the 
most  exacting  conditions.  Her  keen  mind 
travels  quickly  from  one  important  topic 
to  another  with  precision  and  a  crisp- 
ness  of  thought  that  challenges  most 
conversationalists.  She  has  a  ready  wit, 
ajid  rare  sense  of  humour  that  has  saved 
many  situations.  Somewhere  in  Van- 
couver there  is  a  delightful  retreat  to 
which,  at  intervals,  Miss  Fairley  threat- 
ens to  retire.  If,  and  when,  she  does  so, 
it  must  be  with  memories  of  abundant 
accomplishment  and  a  trail  of  honour- 
able tradition,  built  by  a  spirit  of  de- 
votion and  courage  and  faith  in  the 
future  of  nursing,  which  she  offers  as 
her  contribution  and  which  present  a 
challenge  and  inspiration  to  nurses  in 
Canada  and  other  lands. 

—  Kathleen  W.  Ellis 


I 


384 


Vol.  38  No.  6 


THE    SNIVELS'    M  E  D  A  L    A  W^  A  R  D  S 


385 


Eleanor  McPhedran 

Miss  Eleanor  McPhedran  was  born 
in  Lambton  County,  Ontario,  and  edu- 
cated in  the  schools  of  Strathroy  and 
the  Normal  School,  Toronto.  Her  pro- 
fessional training  was  received  at  the 
School  of  Nursing  of  the  New  York 
Hospital,  New  York,  under  Dr.  Annie 
W.  Goodrich  whom  she  considers  the 
outstanding  influence  in  her  nursing 
career.  Following  graduation,  Miss 
McPhedran  did  bo'^h  hospital  and  priv- 
ate duty  in  New  York,  going  to  Alberta 
in  1910  as  assistant  to  the  superintendent 
of  nurses  at  the  Calgary  General  Hos- 
pital, which  position  she  held  for  three 
3'ears.  Then  followed  a  year  of  school 
nursing,  and  a  year  as  Matron  of  the 
Ogden  Mili«^ary  Hospital.  Joining  the 
Canadian  Army  Medical  Corps,  she 
then  served  overseas  at  Shorncliffe  in 
England,  at  Le  Treport  in  France,  and 
at  Rhvl  in  Wales.  She  returned  to 
Canada  in  June  1919,  and  was  ap- 
pointed Matron  of  the  Belcher  Mili- 
tary Hospital.  On  the  opening  of  the 
Central  Alberta  Sanatorium  for  Tuber- 
culosis in  1920,  Miss  McPhedran  was 
appoin'^ed  Matron  which  position  she 
held  until  1935  when  she  retired.  Much 
too  active  to  stay  in  retirement  she  re- 
turned to  Calgary  after  a  rest  at  the 
coast  and  is  now  the  secretary  of  the 
Victorian   Order  of  Nurses  there. 

Ever  generous  of  her  time  and  ef- 
fort, far-seeing  and  with  a  faith  in 
nurses  and  in  the  wisdom  of  di- 
recting their  own  affairs,  Miss  McPhe- 
dran was  one  of  a  very  small  group  to 
overcome  the  difficulty  of  organization 
in  the  sparsely  settled  province  of  Al- 
berta. Through  the  efforts  of  this  small 
group,  nurses  were  eventually  organized 
and  placed  with  other  professions  under 
the  aegis  of  the  University  of  Alberta. 
She  was  one  of  the  charter  members  of 
the  Registered  Nurses  .Association,  with 


the  registration  number  of  one.  Miss 
McPhedran  has  been  at  various  times 
president  and  secretary-treasurer  of  the 
Alberta  Association  of  Registered 
Nurses  and  represented  the  nurses  on 
the  Senate  of  the  University  for  ten 
years.  She  served  for  four  years  as  the 
nurses'  represen'^ative  on  the  School  of 
Nursing  Inspection  Committee  set  up 
by  the  Senate  of  the  University,  and 
also  made  the  first  individual  survey  of 
the  schools  of  nursing  in  the  province 
for  the  Registered  Nurses  Association. 
Her  experience  in  private  duty,  hos- 
pital and  school  work,  and  her  expe- 
rience overseas  gave  her  a  wide  under- 
standing of  what  nurses  should  know 
and  do.  She  used  the  past  not  as  some- 
thing to  hold  up  as  a  model  but  as  a 
guide  to  better  things. 

In  addition  to  her  nursing  interests 
and  activities  Miss  McPhedran  read  ex- 
tensively,   played    golf,    climbed    moun- 


Eleanor  McPhedran 


JUNE,   1942 


386 


THE   CANADIAN    NURSE 


tains  with  the  Alpine  Club  of  Canada 
and  is  still  interested  in  the  Alpine  Club 
from  a  club-house  point  of  view.  She 
is  also  an  active  member  of  the  Over- 
seas Nursing  Sisters  Association.  Miss 
McPhedran  has  done  nothing  specta- 
cular. She  has,  however,  contributed 
largely  towards  making  nursing  in  the 
West  the  progressive  thing  it  is  today. 
The  Canadian  Nurses  Association,  in 
conferring  on  her  the  Mary  Agnes 
Snively  Medal,  recognizes  the  enduring 
value  of  her  work. 

— F.   MUNROE 


E.  Frances  Upton 

In  selecting  Miss  E.  Frances  Upton 
as  a  recipient  of  the  Mary  Agnes  Sni- 
vely Medal,  the  Canadian  Nurses  As- 
sociation officially  recognizes  her  as 
one  who  exemplifies  the  ideals  of  Miss 
Snively.  Miss  Upton  was  born  in  Mont- 
real, and  her  Irish  ancestry  endowed 
her  with  a  sense  of  humour  and  a  fight- 
ing spirit  which  have  helped  her  through 
many  a  difficult  situation.  She  received 
her  early  education  in  Montreal  and 
then  entered  the  School  of  Nursing  of 
the  Montreal  General  Hospital  where 
she  came  under  the  influence  of  Miss 
Livingston,  who  shared  with  Miss  Sni- 
vely in  building  the  "Snively-Livingston 
Tradition"  in   Canadian  nursing. 

Following  her  graduation,  Miss  Up- 
ton served  successively  as  superintend- 
ent of  a  private  hospital  and  as  acting 
superintendent  of  the  Montreal  Ma- 
ternity Hospital  until,  at  the  outbreak 
of  war,  she  volunteered  for  military 
service  and  spent  four  and  a  half  years 
in  England,  France  and  the  Middle 
East.  In  1915,  she  was  sent  to  France 
on  loan  to  a  British  hospital  and  as  soon 


as  No.  1  Canadian  Stationary  Hospital 
was  completed  at  Wimereux,  was  trans- 
ferred there  and  helped  to  care  for  the 
first  gas  casualties  of  the  war.  Shortly 
afterwards  Miss  Upton  was  sent  to  the 
Island  of  Lemnos,  where  the  sick  and 
wounded  were  cared  for  during  the 
ill-fated  Gallipoli  campaign,  and  was 
mentioned  in  despatches  for  her  work 
there.  After  unbelievable  hardships,  the 
forces  were  evacuated  to  Egypt  and  a 
brief  respite  in  Cairo  preceded  the  next 
move  which  took  her  to  Salonika  for 
a  year  and  a  half  before  recall  to  Eng- 
land. From  there  a  six  weeks  leave  in 
Canada  was  arranged  "without  expense 
to  the  public",  as  the  order  read.  While 
in  Canada,  Miss  Upton  was  gazetted 
for  the  Royal  Red  Cross,  and  the  day 
after  her  return  to  England  she  was 
summoned  to  the  investiture  at  Buck- 
ingham  Palace. 

Her  next  move  was  to  Hastings,  and, 
when  the  Armistice  was  signed,  she 
was  serving  at  Bramshott  Camp  where 
the  influenza  epidemic  was  raging.  She 
returned  to  Canada  in  1919  but  a  re- 
currence of  malaria,  contracted  in  the 
Near  East,  sent  her  to  hospital,  and  it 
was  not  until  early  in  1921  that  she  was 
again  fit  and  ready  for  duty.  At  that 
time  she  became  superintendent  of 
nurses  at  the  Sherbrooke  Hospital  where 
she  reorganized  the  nursing  service, 
and  initiated  a  sound  educational  pro- 
gram. 

In  search  of  new  worlds  to  conquer, 
Miss  Upton  entered  the  School  for 
Graduate  Nurses  at  McGill  University 
and  received  the  certificate  in  adminis- 
tration in  schools  of  nursing  and  then 
returned  to  the  Montreal  General  Hos- 
pital where  she  became  assistant  in  the 
training  school  office.  Then  came  an- 
other major  undertaking  in  which  she 
created  a  tuberculosis  sanatorium  out 
of  the  temporary  soldiers'  hospital  at 
Ste.    Agathe,    gathered    a   nursing   staff 


Vol.  38  No.  6 


THE    SNIVELY    MEDAL    AWARDS 


and,  in  six  weeks,  was  ready  to  admit 
patients.  Three  weeks  later  she  estab- 
lished the  first  tuberculosis  course  in 
Canada   for   graduate   nurses. 

In  1929,  Miss  Upton  was  persuaded 
to  leave  her  beloved  Sanatorium  to  un- 
dertake the  task  of  organization  for 
the  International  Congress  of  Nurses 
held  in  Montreal  in  July  of  that  year. 
Her  work  for  the  Congress  Commit- 
tee led  to  the  discovery  of  her  organiz- 
ing ability,  and  in  September  she  as- 
sumed the  office  of  executive  secretary 
and  official  school  visitor  for  the  As- 
sociation of  Registered  Nurses  of  the 
Province  of  Quebec.  After  demonstrat- 
ing the  need  for  adequate  office  accom- 
modation and  up-to-date  methods  of 
keeping  records  and  files,  she  then 
turned  her  attention  to  the  all  impor- 
tant work  of  raising  standards  of  nurs- 
ing through  better  administration  of 
nursing  schools,  and  more  effective 
educational  programs.  The  situation 
was  made  more  difficult  by  the  fact 
that  the  nurses  of  two  language  groups 
had  had  little  encouragement  to  work 
out  their  problems  by  joint  action.  The 
fact  that  she  was  able  to  speak  both  lan- 
guages, and  her  willingness  to  see  the 
point  of  view  of  both  groups,  made  it 
possible  for  her  to  make  an  outstanding 
contribution.  In  her  visits  to  the  schools, 
she  strengthened  the  hands  of  many  a 
superintendent  and  instructor,  giving 
them  the  courage  to  go  forward. 
Not  long  ago,  one  of  her  French-speak- 
ing colleagues  remarked,  "No  other 
person  could  have  done  for  us  what 
Miss  Upton  has  accomplished  in  ten 
years." 

In  addition  to  provincial  and  national 
responsibilities.  Miss  Upton  has  also 
been  a  loyal  member  of  the  Alumnae 
Association  of  her  own  School,  but  per- 
haps one  of  her  greatest  achievements 
has  been  her  service  to  the  School  for 
Graduate  Nurses  of  McGill  University. 


E.  Frances  Upton 

When  the  depression  threatened  to 
close  the  School  in  1933,  Miss  Upton 
kept  the  door  open  by  sheer  determina- 
tion and  hard  work  when  faint  hearts 
were  ready  to  acknowledge  defeat.  For 
five  years  she  rallied  the  graduates  of 
the  School  to  its  support,  and  for  a  fur- 
ther five-year  period,  spurred  them  on 
to  secure  the  necessary  funds  from  pu- 
blic-spirited  citizens. 

British  to  the  core  and  ready  to 
fight,  and  fight  hard,  for  a  just  cause, 
passionately  devoted  to  nursing  and  the 
highest  ideals  of  the  profession.  Miss 
Upton  has  earned  for  herself  a  very  spe- 
cial place  in  the  affections  and  esteem 
of  her  fellow  nurses.  The  nurses  of 
Quebec  are  proud  of  this  well  deserved 
honour  to  be  bestowed  upon  Frances 
Upton,  and  it  is  fitting  that  the  award 
should  be  made  in  Montreal,  the  city 
of  her  birth. 

—  Mary  S.  Mathewson 


JUNE,  1942 


387 


Blood  Transfusion 

David  P.  Boyd,  M.  D. 


Through  the  ages  biologically  minded 
alchemists  have  dreamed  of  infusing 
youth  into  the  aged  and  health  into  the 
ailing  by  the  transfer  of  blood.  How- 
ever, no  record  is  found  until  1492  when 
large  amounts  of  blood  were  removed 
from  three  youths  and  administered 
to  Pope  Innocent  VIII.  The  three  don- 
ors and  the  Pope  all  died,  the  Pontiff 
outliving  the  unhappy  youths  by  se- 
veral days.  It  should  be  added  that  there 
is  considerable  doubt  in  the  minds  of 
medical  historians  as  to  the  actual  oc- 
currence of  this  incident. 

In  1628  William  Harvey  gave  to  the 
world  his  immortal  work  "De  Motu 
Cordis"  in  which  he  described  the  cir- 
culation of  the  blood.  The  enunciation 
of  this  supremely  important  discovery 
made  blood  transfusion  for  the  first 
time  feasible  and  it  was  not  long  before 
experiments  were  being  recounted.  Thus 
we  learn  from  Mrs.  Samuel  Pepys  (who, 
like  her  famous  husband,  kept  a  diary 
and  who  had  been  to  the  country  to 
escape  the  plague  raging  in  London), 
that  some  friends  had  successfully  trans- 
fused the  blood  of  one  dog  into  another. 
The  man  whose  name  is  associated  with 
this  first  authentic  blood  transfusion  is 
Richard  Lower  and  it  took  place  out- 
side London  in  1665.  A  few  years  later 
a  Frenchman  (Jean  Denys)  repeated 
this  experiment  and  subsequently  trans- 
fused a  man  with  the  blood  of  a  sheep. 
However,  as  was  inevitable  when  the 
operation  began  to  be  practised  more 
widely,  numerous  deaths  occurred  so 
that  finally  the  government  of  France 
was  compelled  to  entirely  prohibit  trans- 
fusion. Thus  transfusion  slumbered  for 
over  a  hundred  years. 

During  the  first  half  of  the  nineteenth 


century  we  read  of  occasional  attempts 
in  England  and  by  1850  a  modest  se- 
ries had  accrued.  However  the  intro- 
duction of  intravenous  saline  in  1875 
with  its  ease  of  administration  and  ready 
availability  and  safety  placed  transfusion 
again  in  the  background,  this  time  for 
a  quarter  of  a  century.  Three  factors 
handicapped  these  pioneers:  the  tendency 
of  the  blood  to  clot  as  soon  as  drawn; 
the  incidence  of  infections  in  donor  and 
recipient,  because  transfusion  in  those 
days  was  a  surgical  operation ;  and  fi- 
nally, a  post-transfusion  syndrome  end- 
ing in  death  which  we  now  know  to  be 
caused  by  incompatible  blood. 

Toward  the  end  of  the  last  century, 
the  science  of  bacteriology,  long  in  its 
infancy,  began  to  mature  and  with  the 
new  knowledge  came  the  means  of  pre- 
venting and  treating  infections.  More- 
over, in  1901  Landsteiner  showed  that 
the  bloods  of  different  persons  were 
biologically  different,  and  warned  that 
fatalities  might  occur  from  unmatched 
blood.  Jansky  in  1907  and  Moss  in 
1910  described  the  four  groups  of  hu- 
man blood.  Thus  two  of  the  obstacles 
were  overcome  but  the  problem  of  ra- 
pid coagulation  of  drawn  blood  remain- 
ed. In  1916,  when  the  first  transfusion 
was  done  at  the  Montreal  General  Hos- 
pital by  Dr.  C.  K.  P.  Henry,  coagula- 
tion was  prevented  by  receiving  the 
blood  into  paraffined  flasks.  Two  years 
later  sodium  citrate  was  first  used  in 
that  institution  and  the  problem  of  clot- 
ting was  largely  solved.  The  most  im- 
portant recent  contributions  to  trans- 
fusion therapy  have  been  the  develop- 
ment of  the  blood  bank  and  blood  sub- 
stitutes, and  the  introduction  of  closed 
svs^^ems  for  taking  and  giving  blood. 


Vol.  38  No.  6 


BLOOD    TRANSFUSION 


389 


The  composition  and  functions  of 
blood  must  ever  be  borne  in  mind  if 
therapy  is  to  be  most  effective.  Blood 
is  a  living  tissue  consisting  of  45%  cells 
and  55%  fluid  or  plasma.  The  red  blood 
cells  are  concerned  chiefly  with  the 
carriage  of  oxygen,  the  white  cells  with 
defence,  and  the  platelets  with  coagula- 
tion. The  plasma  contains  proteins 
which  are  concerned  with  maintenance 
of  the  blood  volume  and  pressure  with 
nutrition. 

The  indications  for  blood  therapy 
have  been  greatly  expanded  in  recent 
years  but  haemorrhage  and  shock  re- 
main the  most  important.  The  hae- 
morrhage may  be  acute,  as  in  massive 
haematemesis  or  ruptured  ectopic  pre- 
gnancy, or  it  may  be  chronic  as  in 
malignant  disease  of  the  bowel  or  geni- 
tal tract.  Shock  may  be  simply-  if  ina- 
dequately defined  as  a  tissue  lack  of 
oxygen  due  to  reduced  blood  volume 
and  pressure.  In  severe  trauma  or  burns 
large  amounts  of  plasma  are  poured  out 
of  the  blood  stream  at  the  site  of  the 
injury.  Thus  there  is  not  enough  fluid 
left  in  the  blood  vessels  to  maintain 
blood  pressure  so  the  tissues  are  starved 
of  oxygen.  This  starvation  aggravates 
the  disturbance  by  paralysing  the  small 
blood  channels  thereby  causing  further 
loss  of  plasma.  Thus  a  vicious  circle  is 
set  in  motion.  Blood  is  freely  used  in 
jaundice  to  prolong  the  coagulation  time, 
although  other  means  of  achieving  this 
have  lately  been  discovered.  Severe  and 
chronic  infections  and  blood  dyscrasias 
are   also   indications. 

Of  great  interest  today  are  the  sub- 
stitutes for  blood.  However,  it  may  be 
safely  said  that  there  is  probably  no 
entirely  adequate  substitute  for  freshly 
drawn  human  blood.  A  few  of  the  sub- 
stances used  will  be  mentioned  with 
comments. 

Saline  and  Glucose  Solutions :  These  agents 
are  of  next  to  no  avail  in  severe  shock  and 


haemorrhage  because  they  are  poured  directly 
out  of  the  circulation  and  thus  have  only 
the  most  transient  effect  on  the  blood  volume 
and  pressure.  In  fact  it  has  recently  been 
emphasized  that  saline  and  glucose  may 
even  wash  out  good  protein  and  thus  ag- 
gravate the  condition. 

Gum  Acacia :  This  material,  because  of  its 
specific  gravity,  was  thought  to  be  a  logical 
substitute  for  the  proteins  of  blood.  The 
high  incidence  of  reactions,  its  persistence 
in  the  body  and  other  deleterious  effects 
have  well-nigh  placed  acacia  on  the  shelf 
of  disuse. 

Ascitic  Fluid :  Concentrated  fluid  tapped 
from  the  peritoneal  cavities  of  patients  with 
hepatic  cirrhosis  and  heart  disease  has  been 
tried  with  favourable  results  but  the  sup- 
ply is  limited. 

Protein  Derivatives :  These  have  been  sug- 
gested with  the  idea  of  stimulating  the  body 
to  manufacture  its  own  protein  in  an  emer- 
gency fashion.  Conclusive  reports  are  not 
yet  available. 

Blood  Plasma:  If  the  cells  of  blood  are 
allowed  to  settle  the  remaining  fluid  is  known 
as  plasma.  This  fluid  maintains  the  blood 
'volume  and  pressure  by  virtue  of  its  pro- 
teins. If  properly  prepared  and  diluted,  plas- 
ma can  be  stored  for  months  as  a  liquid 
and  if  frozen  or  dried  to  powder  can  be 
kept  for  years,  always  readily  available. 
Reactions  are  unusual  and  sirice  it  contains 
no  cells  it  does  not  have  to  be  grouped.  Thus 
plasma  is  an  ideal  emergency  substitute  for 
whole  blood. 

iBlood  Serum:  If  blood  is  allowed  to  clot, 
the  clear  yellow  fluid  remaining  after  re- 
traction of  the  clot  is  called  serum.  Serum 
has  all  the  advantages  already  mentioned  for 
plasma,  indeed  it  is  even  more  durable  in 
storage,  but  reactions  are  more  frequent 
than  with  plasma. 

Animal  Plasmu  {fractionated)  :  Recently 
a  new  and  exciting  chapter  was  opened  in 
this  work  when  it  was  found  that  if  a  par- 
ticular part  of  the  plasma  protein  (globulin 
fraction)  was  removed,  the  remainder  (al- 
bumin fraction)  was  entirely  free  of  toxi- 
city. Furthermore,  this  was  also  found  to 
hold  true  to  a  great  extent  when  animal 
(bovine)    plasma   was   transfused   into   man. 


JUNE.   1942 


390 


THE   CANADIAN    NURSE 


This  is  surely  the  most  promising  advance 
of  all  since,  unlike  human  plasma,  bovine 
plasma   would   be   limitless. 

Citrated  Bank  Blood:  This  is  widely  used 
as  a  substitute  for  fresh  blood.  Opinions  vary 
as  to  how  long  blood  should  be  stored  and 
what  it  loses  thereby.  At  the  Montreal  Gen- 
eral Hospital,  blood  which  is  not  used  after 
one  week  is  converted  into  plasma.  Other 
institutions  vary  from  forty-eight  hours 
to  three  weeks.  The  white  cells,  platelets  and 
prothrombin  of  blood  are  probably  all  lost 
after  a  few  days.  Thus  in  the  treatment 
of  jaundice  and  severe  infections  fresh  blood 
is  desirable  if  not  essential.  However,  the 
red  blood  cells  retain  their  oxygen  carrying 
power  for  over  a  week  in  the  refrigerator, 
and  it  is  said  that  70%  of  the  red  cells  are 
alive  in  the  recipient's  blood  two  weeks  after 
a  transfusion. 

Placental  Blood  and  Cadaver  Blood :  Prac- 
tical considerations,  such  as  high  incidence 
of  contamination  and  limited  supply,  prohibit 
widespread  use  of  these  potentially  useful 
sources  of  blood   for  banks. 

It  is  a  sound  clinical  principle  to  pre- 
scribe all  therapeutic  agents  with  the 
greatest  care  and  never  haphazardly. 
The  dangers  associated  with  blood  trans- 
fusion are  few  but  very  real,  and  per- 
haps the  first  to  consider  is  the  trans- 
mission of  disease.  In  actual  practice 
syphilis  has  been  the  worst  offender, 
but  it  has  been  almost  entirely  eliminated 
by  routine  flocculation  tests  of  all  donors 
at  the  time  of  the  grouping  and  cross- 


Equtfment   for   transfusion 


matching.  It  is  true  that  there  is  a  pe- 
riod in  luetic  infection  when  the  Was- 
sermann  reaction  is  negative  but  this  is 
short  and  there  are  less  than  two  dozen 
reported  cases  of  transmission  with  a 
negative  serology. 

A  second  danger  in  transfusion  ther- 
apy is  that  of  "reaction",  a  designation 
covering  a  variety  of  phenomena  usu- 
ally classified  as  febrile,  allergic  and  hae- 
molytic.  The  commonest  are  the  febrile 
reactions  which  are  due  to  the  presence 
of  foreign  proteins  in  the  apparatus.  Su- 
premely important  as  are  the  body's  own 
proteins,  yet  the  organism  does  not  take 
kindly  to  proteins  from  other  sources. 
These  contaminants  (which  are  called 
pyrogens)  are  most  frequently  from 
new  or  inadequately  cleansed  rubber 
tubing  or  other  apparatus.  The  body's 
response  consists  of  fever  and  perhaps 
a  chill.  These  reactions  subside  spon- 
taneously in  a  few  hours,  being  aided 
by  internal  and  external  heat.  The 
allergic  reactions,  which  take  the  form 
of  an  urticaria,  are  responses  to  anti- 
gens in  the  donor's  blood  and  are  best 
avoided  by  using  fasting  donors  who 
have  no  history  of  allergy.  The  urtica- 
ria responds  well  to  epinephrine. 

The  reactions  due  to  mismatched 
blood  are  the  most  serious,  although 
rare.  Transfusion  of  incompatible  blood 
results  in  a  widespread  clumping  of  the 
red  cells.  These  masses  plug  the  small 
vessels  of  the  kidneys,  distend  the  cap- 
sule of  these  organs  and  so  cause  back- 
ache. Backache  in  the  course  of  a  trans- 
fusion then,  is  an  ominous  symptom. 
Other  early  signs  and  symptoms  are 
chills,  dyspnoea  and  collapse  as  shown 
by  a  rising  pulse  and  a  falling  blood 
pressure.  If  the  kidney  is  able  to  excrete 
the  broken-down  haemoglobin  the  pa- 
tient recovers;  if  not,  a  uraemic  state 
supervenes.  The  clumps  of  red  cells 
undergo  haemolysis  in  the  blood  stream 
and   jaundice   appears.    While   the    fault 


Vol.  38  No.  6 


BLOOD    TRANSFUSION 


in  this  case  is  with  the  laboratory,  yet 
careful  supervision  by  the  attending 
nurse  may  save  a  life  by  stopping  such 
a  transfusion  at  the  first  sign  of  trouble. 
The  conscientious  and  efficient  nurse 
will  watch  the  recipient  especially  care- 
fully during  the  early  part  of  the  opera- 
tion, keeping  her  finger  on  the  pulse 
and  enquiring  of  the  patient  as  to  back- 
ache or  oppression  in  the  chest.  Such  a 
reaction  is  treated  by  immediate  cessa- 
tion of  the  transfusion,  diuresis  by  glu- 
cose-saline, heat  to  the  kidney  region, 
alkalinization  of  the  urine  and  sedation. 

Before  proceeding  to  our  final  topic 
which  is  the  technique  of  transfusion, 
mention  might  be  made  of  the  blood 
bank.  The  first  bank  on  this  continent 
was  opened  at  the  Cook  County  Hos- 
pital in  Chicago  in  March  1937  under 
the  direction  of  Dr.  Bernard  Fantus. 
The  idea,  however,  is  not  new  having 
been  considered  during  the  first  World 
War  and  long  planned  by  Dr.  Fantus 
and  others.  The  numerous  problems  of 
a  blood  bank  are  greatly  simplified  by 
centralization  of  responsibility.  The  lat- 
ter includes  the  keeping  of  donor  re- 
cords; checking  of  the  serology,  bac- 
teriology, grouping  and  cross-matching 
of  stored  blood;  and  conversion  into 
serum  or  plasma  after  the  whole  blood 
is  too  old  to  use. 

As  indicated  above,  a  recent  advance 
of  great  importance  in  haematotherapy 
is  the  development  of  closed  systems  for 
transfusion  work.  Generally  speaking, 
500  cubic  centimetres  of  blood  are 
drawn  from  the  arm  vein  of  healthy, 
)'Oung,  adult,  Wassermann-negative 
males  into  a  closed  flask  which 
contains  sodium  citrate.  In  the  past 
few  years  females  have  been  used 
more  and  more  without  undesirable 
effects.  Frequently  the  flask  which  is 
used  is  a  partial  vacuunl  and  the  blood 
is  drawn  from  the  donor  by  the  nega- 
tive   pressure.    The    attending    nurse    is 


Transfusion  in  progress 

responsible  for  securing  the  donor's  writ- 
ten consent,  for  gently  swirling  the 
flask  as  the  blood  is  being  drawn,  and 
for  making  out  the  payment  slip  for 
professional  donors.  She  will  insist  that 
the  donor  lie  still  for  a  time  after  the 
phlebotomy  and  be  prepared  for  the  oc- 
casional instance  when  the  hospital  at- 
mosphere and  the  operation  prove  too 
much  for  a  sensitive  person.  Studies  of 
haemoglobin  levels  have  shown  that  it 
takes  over  six  weeks  to  completely  make 
up  500  c.c.  of  blood  so  donors  should 
probably  not  be  used  more  often  than 
four  times  a  year. 

The  technique  of  administration  of 
the  blood  is  very  simple  and  is  illustrat- 
ed by  the  photograph.  The  small  dark 
flask  is  the  one  mentioned  above  which 
has  now  been  inverted  and  the  blood 
is  being  given  to  the  patient.  Attention 
is  called  to  the  "drip"  mechanism  just 
below  the  blood  flask.  This  is  a  device 
for  regulating  the  speed  of  the  trans- 
fusion. It  also  contains  a  filter  so  that 
small  particles  of  clot  do  not  enter  the 
blood  stream.  It  will  be  noted  too  that 


JUNE,   1942 


391 


392' 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


the  tubing  of  the  recipient  set  takes  the 
form  of  a  Y  and  that,  attached  to  one 
arm  of  the  Y,  is  a  flask  of  glucose-sah'ne. 
What  is  the  function  of  the  attend- 
ing nurse  during  this  stage  of  a  blood 
transfusion?  Emphasis  has  been  placed 
on  the  observation  of  the  patient.  This 
is  of  first  importance.  The  nurse  will 
also  observe  the  site  of  the  venipuncture 
from  time  to  time  as  a  large  haematoma 
ma}^  be  troublesome  and  unsightly,  es- 
pecially in  the  arm.  When  the  proce- 
dure is  over  the  nurse  will  frequently 
have  to  remove  the  needle.  If  veins  are 
few  and  precious,  proper  technique  in 
this  matter  will  allow  many  punctures 
to  be  done,  A  swab  is  taken  in  the  left 
hand  and  pressed  over  the  needle  point 
and  the  needle  smartly  withdrawn.  On 
no  account  must  the  pressure  on  the 
swab  be  relaxed  for  one  or  two  minutes. 
This  simple  but  invariably  neglected 
step  prevents  leakage  of  blood  from  the 
puncture  into  the  perivenous  area  with 
subsequent  scarring  and  loss  of  the  vein. 
In  a  jaundiced  patient  the  pressure  may 
have  to  be  kept  much  longer.  Finally, 
the   nurse   will   herself  attend   to   or   be 


responsible  for  the  cleansing  of  the  ap- 
paratus. Reference  has  been  made  to 
the  importance  of  this  in  the  prevention 
of  pyrogen  reactions.  The  tubing  and 
other  parts  must  be  taken  apart  and 
thoroughly  flushed  with  running  cold 
water.  This  must  be  done  immediately 
the  transfusion  is  completed.  It  is  use- 
less to  spend  large  sums  on  elaborate 
pyrogen-free  flasks  if  this  elementary 
step  is  not  attended  to.  Thorough 
cleansing  of  the  tubing  in  combination 
with  the  use  of  a  closed  system  for  in- 
travenous therapy  as  illustrated  has  re- 
duced the  incidence  of  reactions  at  the 
Montreal  General  Hospital. 

Before  closing  this  resume  of  trans- 
fusion therapy  one  should  pause  to  reflect 
on  the  courageous  pioneering  which  has 
brought  our  knowledge  to  its  present 
state,  imperfect  as  it  may  some  day  ap- 
pear. Years  and  even  lifetimes  have 
been  dedicated  to  the  elucidation  of  the 
facts  which  we  have  passed  over  so 
briefly.  The  future  will  doubtless  wit- 
ness an  increasing  degree  of  safety,  use- 
fulness and  convenience  in  the  transfu- 
sion of  blood  and  its  substitutes. 


The  Canadian  Dietetic  Association 


Jean  M.  Holder 


Today  marks  an  epoch  in  the  history 
of  the  Canadian  Dietetic  Association 
for  you  have  given  us,  your  professional 
sisters,  the  privilege  of  making  ourselves 
known  to  you.  As  an  organization  we 
are  so  young  and  have  so  many  bene- 
fits to  reap  from  your  experience.  It 
was  through  your  splendid  lead  that  the 
Canadian  dietitians  decided  to  form  a 
national  organization  the  aim  of  which 
is  to  promote,  encourage  and  improve 
the  status  of  dietitians  in  Canada.  We 
define    dietitian   as   an    executive   officer 


directly  responsible  to  the  superintendent, 
with  sufficient  authority  for  the  proper 
administration  and  control  of  the  en- 
tire general  and  scientific  food  services 
as  well  as  the  nutritional  education  of 
patients,  nurses,  students  and  personnel. 
The  qualifications  for  membership  in  the 
Canadian  Dietetic  Association  are  a 
bachelor's  degree  with  a  major  in  foods 
and  nutrition  from  a  university  or  col- 
lege of  recognized  standing,  approved 
by  the  Canadian  Dietetic  Association; 
a   post-graduate    course   in   hospital   die- 


Vol.   38  No.  6 


THE  PROVINCES   SET  THE    PACE 


393 


tetic  administration  from  a  hospital  ap- 
proved by  the  Association  for  that  pur- 
pose; at  least  three,  preferably  five, 
years  successful  experience  in  a  position 
of  responsibility. 

Never  before  has  public  health  been 
of  such  importance  to  the  nation.  We 
consider  that  our  two  professions,  so 
closely  bound  in  this  field,  can  do  much 
to  help  our  own  people,  remembering 
that   diet    cannot    always    cure    what    it 


most  certainly  could  have  prevented. 
Our  need  for  nutritional  research  is 
great  but  not  half  as  great  as  the  need 
for  making  the  principles  of  nutrition 
function  in  the  lives  of  the  people  to  ena- 
ble them  to  fight  the  added  strain  on 
the  nerves  that  wartime  always  brings. 
Today  every  British  housewife  is  forced, 
through  rationing,  to  plan  well-balanced 
nutritionally-sound  meals  —  and  never 
before  have  Britons  been  healthier. 


The  Provinces  Set  the  Pace 


Recent  experiences  of  the  Adviser 
have  included  a  welcome  back  to  West- 
ern Canada.  Visits  in  the  western  pro- 
vinces have  indeed  been  encouraging, 
and  contacts  with  our  National  Presi- 
dent, and  many  others,  have  been  a 
source  of  real  inspiration.  The  last  pro- 
gress report  of  the  Emergency  Nursing 
Adviser  ended  in  a  snow  drift,  but  since 
then  winter  has  departed,  somewhat  re- 
luctantly on  the  prairies  it  is  true.  The 
crocus  and  the  meadow  lark  are  out 
again — spring  has  come — a  spring  that 
with  its  peculiar  responsibilities  and  tre- 
mendous problems  in  the  offing,  would 
be  overwhelming  if  nurses  were  not 
somewhat  prepared  to  meet  them. 
There  is  no  doubt  that  nurses  through- 
out Canada  have  become  very  conscious 
of  their  special  professional  obligations 
at  this  time.  They  are  not  only  anxious 
to  take  a  hand  in  the  present  conflict 
but  are  most  ready  to  accept  responsi- 
bihty  for  the  future  of  their  profession 
and  to  look  ahead  so  far  as  it  is  possible 
to  do  so.  Is  it  not  true  that  the  Joint 
Meeting,  held  in  Montreal  in  Septem- 
ber 1941,  did  much  to  foster  this  feel- 
ing? 


If  it  were  possible  to  touch  each  pro- 
vince today  long  enough  to  see  what  is 
going  on  among  professional  groups, 
some  of  them  quite  small,  one  would  be 
impressed  by  the  fact  that  the  profession 
as  a  whole  is  very  conscious  of  its  obli- 
gations. At  the  time  of  the  C.N. A. 
biennial  meeting  in  Montreal,  the  pro- 
vinces will  tell  their  own  story  either 
through  their  individual  reports,  or  by 
their  contribution  to  the  report  of  the 
Adviser,  or  both.  It  is,  therefore,  the  in- 
tention now  to  cover  developments  with 
more  general  statements  of  what  is 
happening  and  to  leave  further  identi- 
fication to  the  provinces  themselves. 
Many  developments  are  still  in  the  for- 
mative stage  and,  in  some  instances, 
cannot  be  wisely  reported  upon.  With 
the  swiftly  changing  scenes  of  today 
it  is  difficult  to  be  the  mouthpiece  for 
nine  provinces,  not  all  very  communi- 
catives  ones,  so  the  writer  asks  indul- 
gence if  some  omissions  occur.  The 
highlights  at  least  will  be  included,  and 
they  are  encouraging.  They  fall  into 
two  classifications,  as  do  the  recom- 
mendations that  resulted  from  the  Joint 
Conference;    (1)    the   graduate    nurse; 


JUNE,  1942 


394 


THE   CANADIAN    NURSE 


(2)  the  student  nurse.  Emphasis  is 
placed  on  their  preparation  for  living 
and  for  service,  now  and  in  the  future, 
and  it  is  in  this  light  that  we  propose 
to  review  developments. 

With  respect  to  the  graduate  nurse, 
there  is  a  variation  of  opinion  in  the 
provinces  regarding  most  facts;  but  the 
need  for  nurses  with  spvecial  prepara- 
tion is  not  one  of  them.  From  the  inte- 
rim reports  that  have  been  received, 
there  is  no  doubt  that  interest  in  post- 
graduate work  has  been  stimulated; 
there  is  every  evidence  that  in  most  pro- 
vinces the  enrolment  for  September  will 
be  increased.  Several  universities  have 
declared  their  willingness  to  extend  fa- 
cilities to  take  care  of  any  increases,  if 
this  is  necessary,  and  the  reorganization 
of  courses  to  meet  present  conditions  is 
being  thoughtfully  considered.  Special 
studies  are  being  made  of  postgraduate 
courses  in  nursing  specialties,  as  for 
example  the  postgraduate  courses  of- 
fered by  the  School  of  Nursing  of  the 
Royal  Victoria  Hospital,  which  are  des- 
cribed in  the  April  issue  of  The  Cana- 
dian Nurse. 

The  present  picture  very  definitely 
suggests  that  increased  financial  aid  will 
be  available  for  those  who  wish  to  make 
use  of  it.  In  addition  to  the  loan  fund 
of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association, 
most  of  the  provinces  are  offering  si- 
milar help  in  a  more  limited  form.  With 
this  encouragement  it  is  impossible  to 
think  that  nurses  will  not  accept  their 
share  of  the  responsibility  in  preparing 
themselves  for  special  work.  Therefore, 
their  attention  should  be  continually 
drawn  to  the  fact  that  there  is  a  greaj 
need  for  nurses  with  special  preparation 
both  in  the  hospital  and  in  the  public 
health  field.  These  opportunities  are 
calling  nurses  to  them. 

Circumstances  themselves  have  im- 
oroved  the  status  of  the  general  duty 
nurse  and  reports  from  many  provinces 


indicate  an  improvement  in  working 
and  living  conditions  and  salaries.  But 
there  must  be  further  improvement  be- 
fore a  just  appeal  can  be  made  to  nurses 
to  "stay  put"  in  order  that  nursing 
service  may  be  stabilized,  and  the  ever- 
increasing  problems  of  the  hospital  ad- 
ministrators somewhat  relieved.  In  most 
instances,  hours  of  duty,  salaries,  vaca- 
tions and  assignment  of  duties  on  an 
impersonal  basis  seem  to  be  irritating 
factors  for  the  general  duty  nurse.  It 
is  suggested  that  the  time  has  arrived 
when  a  basic  salary  schedule  and  mini- 
mum standards  for  all  institutional 
nurses  might  well  be  set  up.  In  some 
provinces  the  suggestion  has  already 
been  accepted  that  this  important  mem- 
ber of  the  nursing  profession  be  known 
as  the  general  staff  nurse  —  "stabiHza- 
tion"  and  "staff"  at  least  begin  with 
the  same  letter! 

A  program  for  in-service  education 
for  all  s^'aff  members  is  being  widely 
studied.  The  institute,  with  the  instruc- 
tor shared  between  two  provinces,  was 
referred  to  in  a  previous  report.  To 
Miss  Ida  MacDonald,  assistant  profes- 
sor of  nursing  education  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  Minnesota  (and  to  that  gene- 
rous institution)  two  provinces  are  al- 
ready indebted  for  a  splendid  contribu- 
tion. It  was  an  inspiring  experience. 
Other  provinces  will  no  doubt  follow 
suit. 

So  much  for  the  rights  of  the  general 
duty  nurse.  Let  us  turn  the  page  and 
look  at  the  other  side  of  the  picture  — 
the  side  that  includes  the  special  service 
that  the  private  and  general  staff  nurses 
are  going  to  give  as  their  contribution 
in  the  present  crisis.  One  would  merely 
draw  attention  to  what  is  being  done  by 
the  private  duty  nurses  in  California  by 
way  of  staff  replacement,  as  described 
in  the  March  issue  of  The  American 
Journal  of  Nursing.  Its  significance  will 
not  be  missed.  It  offers  a  challenge,  or 


Vol.  38  No.  6 


THE  PROVINCES  SET  THE   PACE 


395 


shall  we  say  a  suggestion,  to  nurses  in 
Canada.  In  the  stabilization  of  nursing 
service  the  nurse  must  take  her  part. 
Very  certain  it  is  that  only  by  united 
effort  and  co-operative  action  —  cohe- 
sion and  co-action  not  coercion  —  on 
the  part  of  all  those  v^^ho  are  contribut- 
inp-  to  the  care  of  the  sick  and  commu- 
nity  welfare,  can  we  hope  to  meet  the 
needs  of  the  people  in  these  momentous 
days.  They  present  opportunities  that, 
if  neglected  now,  may  not  come  again. 
The  necessary  unity  can  only  come 
with  a  just  division  of  responsibility. 
Nurses  cannot  bear  it  all  alone,  nor  can 
administrators    accept    the    full    burden. 

A  fleeting  contact  in  the  nine  pro- 
vinces does  suggest  that  there  is  need 
for  a  joint  study  by  all  groups,  includ- 
ing boards  of  directors,  doctors,  welfare 
workers  and  nurses.  An  interesting  sug- 
gestion is  contained  in  a  recommenda- 
tion formulated  in  one  province,  that 
each  branch  association  of  nurses  should 
form  a  committee  in  its  locality  having 
medical,  nursing,  hospital  and  civic  re- 
presentation to  study  present  problems 
of  nursing  service.  Refresher  courses 
have  been  carried  out  in  a  number  of 
centres.  On  the  whole,  they  are  re- 
ported upon  very  favourably.  Again  it 
is  suggested  that  these  must  not  be  an 
added  responsibility  for  the  hospitals 
alone;  they  should  be  a  co-operative  ef- 
fort shared  by  nursing  associations.  It 
is  reported  that  in  several  instances 
young  married  nurses  have  been  used 
very  successfully   as  willing   instructors. 

Present  conditions,  lamentable  as 
they  are,  have  brought  some  favourable 
changes  into  the  life  of  the  student 
nurse.  These  are  reflected  in  the  reports 
received  from  some  provinces,  although 
as  yet  an  eight-hour  day  in  the  true 
sense  of  the  word  has  been  accomplished 
in  very  few  schools.  In  most  provinces, 
a  publicity  campaign  in  some  form  is 
under  way  and   through   personal   con- 


tacts with  high  and  private  schools  and 
universities,  it  is  hoped  to  sustain  inte- 
rest in  nursing  as  a  national  service 
—  a  thought  that  we  cannot  repeat  too 
often.  One  resourceful  representative 
has  seized  Hospital  Day  as  the  occa- 
sion for  special  publicity  on  schools  of 
nursing.  What  more  fitting  way  could 
be  found  to  celebrate  the  birthday  of 
the  founder  of  modern  nursing?  This 
publicity  is  being  carried  on  consistently 
in  the  hope  that  it  will  reach,  not  only 
students,  but  women's  organizations 
and  others  who  may  be  interested.  Nor 
does  this  seem  a  forlorn  hope  when  we 
read  of  a  donation  of  $600  recently 
announced  by  a  leading  organization 
to  be  expended  on  six  scholarships  for 
students  in  the  first  year  of  the  nursing 
course. 

In  this  campaign  to  bring  nursing  to 
the  fore,  surely  every  nurse  has  a  part. 
In  the  light  of  her  own  experience,  she 
can  interpret  nursing  to  others  and  can 
share  the  glowing  experiences  and  pe- 
culiar satisfactions  that  are  the  heritage 
of  every  true  nurse.  It  can  be  truly 
stated  that  the  hours  of  duty  and  liv- 
ing conditions  have  been  improved  in 
most  schools,  and  that  the  somewhat 
rigid  discipline  of  some  years  ago 
has  been  replaced  by  one  more  in  keep- 
ing with  modern  practice.  In  some 
schools  each  student  is  being  asked: 
"What  can  you  do  to  interest  at  least 
one  desirable  recruit?"  In  one  province, 
prizes  are  being  offered  to  high  school 
students  for  the  two  best  essays  por- 
traying nursing,^^  or  an  outstanding  per- 
sonahty  in  it. 

Apparently,  up  to  the  present,  the 
shortage  of  applicants  to  schools  of  nurs- 
ing is  marked  only  in  certain  centres. 
However,  all  schools  are  meeting  stiff 
competition.  Looking  ahead,  it  seems 
inevitable  that  in  time  they  will  all  be 
embarrassed  unless  a  successful  cam- 
paign   can    be    organized,    and    unless 


JUNE.  1942 


396 


THE   CANADIAN    NURSE 


standards  can  ba  mainiained  at  a  level 
that  will  attract  desirable  candidates. 
This  important  fact  should  be  kept  in 
mind. 

The  study  of  central  preliminary 
schools  in  various  forms  is  still  being 
carried  on  with  interest  and  signs  of 
progress  in  some  provinces.  Some  very 
fine  co-operative  action  was  evidenced 
at  more  than  one  of  the  annual  meet- 
ings attended  by  the  Emergency  Nurs- 
ing Adviser,   when   very  comprehensive 


plans    were    outlined    for    the    develop- 
ment of  community  nursing  service  bu- 
reaux.   Think    of    the    day    when    the 
problem  of  the  private  duty  nurse  will 
be  shared  by  all  nurses  throughout  Can- 
ada —  this  day  has  dawned  in  legisla- 
tion recently  enacted  in  one  province  at 
least.  But  let  these  nurses  tell  their  own 
story.  It  is  an  interesting  one! 
Kathleen  W.  Ellis, 
Emergency  Nursing  Adviser 
Canadian  Nurses  Associatio7i. 


History  of  the  First  Hospital  in  Montreal 


A  remarkable  contribution  has  recently 
been  made  to  the  history  of  nursing  in  Can- 
ada. To  mark  the  tercentenary  of  the  found- 
ing of  their  Community,  les  Religieuses 
Hospitalieres  de  Saint-Joseph  have  spon- 
sored a  comprehensive  history  of  the  earlier 
years  of  I'Hotel-Dieu,  the  first  hospital  in 
Montreal.  This  has  been  written  by  Rev. 
Soeur  Mondoux  (herself  a  member  of  the 
Community)  and  covers  a  period  extending 
from  1642  to  1763,  that  is  to  say  from  the 
arrival  of  Maisonneuve  and  Jeanne  Mance 
until  the  establishment  of  the  British  re- 
gime. The  book  contains  417  pages  and  is 
richly  illustrated.  The  opening  chapters  are 
devoted  to  the  activities  of  the  Founder, 
Jerome  Le  Royer  de  la  Dauversiere,  and  his 
a.*;sociation  with  Madame  de  Bullion  and 
Jeanne  Mance  which  was  to  exercise  so 
beneficent  an  influence  on  the  development 
of  the  new  colony  on  the  banks  of  the  St. 
Lawrence.  These  chapters  serve  as  a  back- 
ground for  a  masterly  analysis  of  the  life 
and  work  of  Jeanne  Mance  herself  which 
in  turn  leads  to  a  vivid  description  of  the 
heroic   labours   of   the   pioneer    Sisters   who 


left  the  peaceful  shelter  of  their  convent 
at  La  Fleche,  in  the  pleasant  province  of 
Anjou,  to  face  the  bitter  hardships  of  the 
Canadian  wilderness.  The  annals  of  nurs- 
ing contain  nothing  more  heroic  than  the 
achievements  of  these  devoted  women  and 
their  successors  and  we  owe  a  debt  of  gra- 
titude to  Soeur  Mondoux  for  making  them 
known  to  us. 

The  book  is  based  on  a  first-hand  examina- 
tion of  historical  sources  in  France  and  in 
Canada  and  comprises  an  imposing  number 
of  original  documents.  Only  those  who  have 
themselves  undertaken  similar  research  can 
appreciate  its  cost  in  terms  of  scholarship, 
time  and  effort.  While  it  is  right  and  proper 
that  this  book  should  be  written  in  the 
French  language  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  an 
authoritative  summary  in  English  may  soon 
be  available  so  that  it  may  serve  as  an 
inspiration  to  successive  generations  of 
Canadian  nurses. 

L'Hotel-Dku,  premier  hopital  de  Mont- 
real, par  Soeur  Mondoux,  religieuse  hospi- 
talicre  de  Saint-Joseph. 


The  R.N.A.N.S.  Annual  Meeting 


The  thirty-third  annual  meeting  of  the 
Registered  Nurses  Association  of  Nova  Sco- 
tia will  be  held  on  June  5  and  6,  1942,  at 
the  Cornwallis  Inn,  Kentville.  The  president. 
Miss    Marjorie    Jenkins,    will    preside.    Dr. 


Patterson,  president  of  Acadia  University, 
Wolfville,  will  be  the  guest  speaker  at  a 
luncheon  on  Saturday.  The  subject  of  his  ad- 
dress will  be  "Youth  and  the  Changing 
Times". 


Vol.  38  No.  6 


Notes  From  the  National  Office 

Contributed  by  JEAN  S.  WILSON, 
Executive  Secretary,  The  Canadian  Nurses  Association 


The  General  Meeting 

The  .twenty-first  General  Meeting  of 
the  Canadian  Nurses  Association  will 
commence  on  Sunday,  June  21,  1942, 
when  church  services  will  be  held  with 
the  celebration  of  High  Mass  at  Notre 
Dame  Cathedral  at  1 1 :00  o'clock,  and 
with  Evensong  at  Christ  Church  Cathe- 
dral at  7:00  o'clock. 

By  special  request  the  hostess  organi- 
zation, the  Association  of  Registered 
Nurses  of  the  Province  of  Quebec,  has 
refrained  from  making  arrangements  for 
the  entertainment  of  the  visiting  nurses, 
except  for  a  reception  at  the  close  of  the 
final  session  on  Friday  evening  when 
the  Alumnae  Associations  of  the  English 
and  French  Schools  of  Nursing  in  Mont- 
real will  be  hostesses.  The  customary 
dinner  meeting  is  scheduled  for  Tues- 
day evening  when  the  Right  Honour- 
able Malcolm  MacDonald  will  be  the 
speaker. 

There  will  be  no  session  on  Wednes- 
day evening.  Those  wishing  to  arrange 
in  advance  for  any  social  function  for 
that  evening  should  write  to  Miss  Vera 
L.  Graham,  Homoeopathic  Hospital, 
Montreal.  Miss  Eva  Merizzi,  451 
Blvd.  St.  Joseph  E.,  Montreal,  is 
French  Associate  to  Miss  Graham. 

The  Windsor  Hotel  will  be  conven- 
tion headquarters  for  the  general  meet- 
ing; nurses  who  have  not  yet  made 
their  reservation  for  accommodation 
are  urged  to  do  so  without  further  de- 
lay. Application  for  reservation  should 
be  made  direct  to  The  Windsor  Hotel. 
Rates  at  the  Windsor  Hotel  are:  single 


rooms  $4.00  —  $4.50;  double  rooms 
$3.00  each;  three  persons  in  a  room 
$2.50  each;  four  persons  in  a  room 
$2.25  each. 

An  outline  of  the  programme  for 
the  General  Meeting  was  published  in 
the  April  issue  of  the  Journal. 


A  Welcome  to  the  Hotel-Dieu 

The  following  invitation  to  visit  the 
Hotel-Dieu  Hospital  in  Montreal  has 
been  graciously  offered  by  the  Sisters 
of  I'Hotel-Dieu  de  Saint- Joseph : 

On  the  afternoon  and  evening  of  June  25, 
1942,  the  Sisters  and  Nurses  of  the  Hotel- 
Dieu  will  be  honoured  in  being  hosts  to  you, 
our  fellow  Canadian  nurses.  We  are  indeed 
very  happy  and  proud  of  this,  your  historic 
visit,  and  hope  that  good  weather  will  favour 
our  plans,  which  include  a  lawn  party  and 
a  tea  on  our  new  terraces.  You  will  be  en- 
tering our  hospital  with  one  great  and  un- 
forgettable name  in  your  mind :  Jeanne 
Mance!  Our  Sisters  and  nurses  will  tell 
you  many  interesting  details  about  the  his- 
tory and  life  of  our  Foundress  and  also  of 
those  who  have  continued  her  charitable 
task.  We  therefore  do  not  need  to  go  into 
history  at  this  time.  Jeanne  Mance  and,  we 
trust,  the  Sisters  of  Hotel-Dieu  de  Saint- 
Joseph,  are  not  strangers  to  any  Canadian 
nurse. 

Our  new  hospital  wing,  which  will  be 
nearly  completed  when  you  visit  us,  and 
a  special  exposition  of  great  historical  value 
to  admirers  of  Jeanne  Mance  and  students 
of  early  Canadian  hospital  history,  together 
with  an  inspection  of  our  present  hospital, 
will  give  you  an  idea  of  the  great  heritage 
which  has  been  entrusted  to  us  by  our  found- 


JUNE,  1942 


397 


398 


THE   CANADIAN    NURSE 


ers.  During  three  hundred  years,  our  Sisters 
have  been  privileged  to  wrork  charitably  for 
a  cause  which  to  so  many  of  you  has  also 
become  a  sacred  duty.  You,  and  we,  follow 
this  call  because  we  feel  that  we  owe  this 
sacrifice  to  the  suffering  and  the  sick.  It 
is  this  common  ideal,  cultivated  by  our  pro- 
fessional sisterhood  in  the  Canadian  Nurses 
Association,  which  leads  us  into  a  greater 
spiritual  sphere  where  we  all  meet — regard- 
less of  race  or  creed — as  missionaries  of 
the  same  God  and  also  of  the  same  order, 
called  Nursing. 

As  nurses,  and  on  behalf  of  the  Sisters  of 
the  Hotel-Dieu,  we  are  taking  this  oppor- 
tunity to  extend  to  you  our  most  cordial  wel- 
come. Our  doors  will  be  wide  open  for  you 
and  we  do  hope  that  a  great  number  will 
be  able  to  attend  the  Convention  which  is 
so  important  to  our  war  effort.  Au  revoir! 


Pre-Registration 


For  the  special  attention  of  mem- 
bers of  the  Association  of  Reeistered 
Nurses  of  the  Province  of  Quebec:  The 
Arrangements  Committee  for  the  Gen- 
eral Meeting  wishes  to  announce  that 
members  of  the  A.R.N.P.Q.  will  be 
able  to  register  for  the  General  Meet- 
ing on  Friday  and  Saturday,  June  19 
and  20.  The  Sub-Committee  for  Re- 
gistration will  be  at  The  Windsor  Hotel 
on  each  of  those  two  days  between  the 
hours  of  2  p.m.  and  9  p.m.  Local  nurses 
are  urged  to  take  advantage  of  this  pre- 
registration  arrangement  in  order  to 
prevent  an  over-crowding  on  Monday 
morning,  June  22. 


Nurses  planning  to  attend  the  Gen- 
eral Meeting  will  be  pleased  to  learn 
that  the  Lippincott  Lounge  will  again 
be  available  for  their  convenience;  also 
that  the  J.  B.  Lippincott  Company  will 
have  their  exhibit  of  nurses'  caps  on 
view   during  the   General   Meeting. 


National  Joint  Enrolment 

A  meeting  of  the  National  Joint  En- 
rolment Committee  was  held  in  Toron- 
to on  April  1 1 .  The  Committee  ap- 
proved certain  changes  in  the  regula- 
tions for  the  Voluntary  Enrolment  of 
Registered  Nurses  for  war  and  emer- 
gency service.  The  revised  pamphlet  is 
now  available  in  the  provincial  offices. 
The  Committee  draws  attention  to  the 
fact  that  in  some  provinces  there  is  a 
marked  improvement  in  the  use  of  the 
Joint  Enrolment  lists.  The  Committee 
recommends  that  the  military  author- 
ities be  kept  informed  as  to  the  purpose 
of  the  lists,  with  the  hope  that  even  bet- 
ter co-operation  may  be  secured. 


For   Nurses   in   Hong   Kong 

In  reply  to  an  inquiry  to  the  Cana- 
dian Red  Cross  Society  as  to  whether  or 
not  help  might  be  sent  to  British  civi- 
lian nurses  in  Hong  Kong  and  Singa- 
pore, the  Canadian  Nurses  Association 
received  a  reply  to  the  effect  that  per- 
mission had  been  granted  to  send  a 
small  number  of  parcels  of  toilet  acces- 
sories. Twenty  boxes  have  been  made 
up,  and  forwarded  with  the  hope  that 
they  might  arrive  safely  and  bring  some 
comfort  to  those  nurses  who  were  taken 
prisoners  in  Hong  Kong. 


British  Nurses  Relief  Fund 

Contributions  to  the  British  Nurses 
Relief  Fund  have  been  received  from: 
Miss    Elizabeth    L.    Smellie    $50.00 


Alb 


en  a: 


A.    A.,    Calgary    General    Hospital  150.00 

Calgary  General  Hospital   staff    . .  40.00 

Calgary  District  No.  3  16.50 

A.  A.,  Edmonton  General  Hospital  13.00 


Vol.  38  No.  6 


NATIONAL   OFFICE 


399 


A.  A.,  Vegreville  General  Hospital  4.15 

Ponoka   District   No.   2    15.50 

Medicine   Hat   District   No.  4    41.00 

Lethbridge    District    No.    8    12.50 

Staff    nurses,    St.    Michael's 

General    Hospital,    Lethbridge    . .  75.00 

Graduate  Nurses  Group,  Stettler  30.00 
Graduate   Nurses   Group, 

Grande     Prairie     21.00 

Staff,    Misericordia    Hospital, 

Edmonton     13.00 

Staff,  Royal  Alexandra  Hospital, 

Edmonton      41.25 

Staff,    University  of   Alberta 

Hospital,     Edmonton     46.00 

Country    hospitals     22.00 

Married    nurses     42.00 

Individual     nurses      17.10 

Nova  Scotm: 
Cumberland  Co.  Branch, 

R.N.A.N.S 9.00 

Halifax    Branch,    R.N.A.N.S 72.50 

Valley    Branch,    R.N.A.N.S 20.25 

Lunenburg  Co.   Branch 

R.N.A.N.S 5.00 

A.  A..  Royal  Victoria  Hospital, 

Hali  fax     group     7.50 

Colchester    Co.    Branch, 

R.N.A.N.S 26.00 

A.  A.,  Aberdeen  Hospital    31.00 

Pictou  Co.  Branch, 

R.N.A.N.S 4.00 

Ontario : 
Districts  2  and  3 : 

Nurses  of  Districts  2  and  3   19.00 

Graduate  nurse  staff, 

General    Hospital,    Stratford    . . .         33.75 
Kitchener    and    Waterloo    Chapter        85.50 


Outside   Graduate   Nurses, 

Kitchener     71.75 

A.  A.,  Kitchener  &  Waterloo 

Hospital     52.00 

A.  A.,  St.  Mary's  Hospital, 

Kitchener      65.75 

A.   A.,  General   Hospital, 

Woodstock       63.00 

District   5 : 

A.    A.,    Toronto    General    Hospital       150.00 

Graduating  class,  St.  Michael's 

Hospital,    Toronto     34.00 

Matron  and  Nursing  Sisters, 

Toronto    Military    Hospital    43.00 

Matron  and  Nursing  Sisters, 

Toronto     Convalescent     Hospital         10.00 
Matron   and   Nursing    Sisters, 

Military   Hospital,   Camp  Borden        20.00 
District  6 : 
Nurses  of  Ontario  Hospital, 

Cobourg      11.12 

District  8: 

A.    A.,    General    Hospital,    Ottawa  8.00 

Florence    Nightingale    Club, 

Renfrew     10.00 

Patients    Perley   Building,   Royal 

Ottawa     Sanatorium     193.00 

District  9: 

Graduates,    Civic    Hospital, 

North    Bay    40.00 

Nurses    of    District    9,    North    Bay         40.00 

Kirkland    Lake    nurses     8.00 

New  Liskeard  nurse  1.00 

Saskatchewan : 

Regina    Registered    Nurses 

Association     800.00 

A.  A.,  Regina  Grey  Nuns  Hospital         25.00 
Individual    donations     3.00 


Obituaries 


Annie  Aitken  died  recently  in 
Newcastle,  New  Brunswick.  Miss  Ait- 
ken, a  sister  of  Lord  Beaverbrook, 
graduated  from  the  School  of  Nursing 
of  the  Western  Hospital,  Montreal, 
and    was    a    member    of    the    Class    of 


1906.  For  many  years  she  was  superin- 
tendent of  nurses  in  the  Rutland  Hos- 
pital, Rutland,  Vermont,  and,  after 
her  retirement,  lived  in  England  until 
she  returned  to  Canada  about  a  year 
before  her  death. 


JUNE,  1942 


PUBLIC   HEALTH   NURSING 


Contributed  by  the  Public  Health  Section  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association. 

Maternal  Welfare  and  the  Maternity  Grant 


Ruby  M.  Simpson 


Municipal  Doctor  and  Maternity 
Grant  services  are  specialties  which  are 
intimately  connected  with  the  story  of 
public  health  in  the  preponderantly  ru- 
ral prairie  province  of  Saskatchewan. 
The  first  has  been  duplicated  in  other 
sections  of  Canada  and  so  is  well  known. 
The  same  cannot  be  said  of  the  second 
but  its  development  through  the  years 
makes  it  of  interest  in  relation  to  studies 
of  maternal  and  infant  morbidity  and 
mortality. 

The  early  history  of  the  Maternity 
Grant  is  the  history  of  the  settlement  of 
a  young  country.  When  Saskatchewan 
became  a  province  in  1905,  settlers  were 
literally  pouring  in,  taking  up  home- 
steads and  filing  on  pre-emptions  of 
such  size  that  they  found  themselves,  in 
their  prairie  shacks,  practically  isolated 
from  neighbors.  Railroads  were  built 
and  towns  and  villages  sprang  up  almost 
overnight,  but  only  a  small  number  of 
farmers  were  closely  served  by  them. 
There  were  doctors,  a  few  nurses  and 
even  some  provision  for  hospital  care, 
but  not  sufficient  to  keep  pace  with  the 
rapidly  growing  population.  The  major- 
ity of  the  settlers  were  young.  Families 
were  coming.  Distances  were  great  and 
money  was  scarce  —  two  serious  men- 
aces to  adequate  care.  Many  young 
expectant    mothers    and    others    not    so 


young,  found  themselves  facing  con- 
finement with  the  doctor  miles  away 
and  funds  insufficient  to  allow  them  to 
go  to  him  or  to  have  him  come  to  them. 
It  was  in  such  circumstances  and  at 
such  times  that  they  were  obliged  to 
depend  upon  the  "handy  woman"  or 
the  neighbor  and,  as  has  often  been 
told,  in  many  cases  they  had  no  attend- 
ant whatever. 

It  was  to  meet  the  increasingly  in- 
sistent need  that  the  Commissioner  of 
the  Bureau  of  Public  Health  of  that 
day.  Dr.  M.  M.  Seymour,  originated 
the  idea  of  a  grant  of  money  to  assist  in 
the  preparation  for  confinement,  a  por- 
tion to  go  direct  to  the  mother  and  a 
larger  portion  to  the  doctor  who  might 
attend  her.  The  basic  purpose  of  the 
Grant  was  to  make  it  possible  for  the 
mother  to  secure  medical  attention.  The 
part  allotted  to  her  might  buy  the  lay- 
ette, clothing  or  necessities  for  herself, 
or  it  might  quite  legitimately  help  to 
pay  the  cost  of  travel  to  the  doctor.  The 
portion  allowed  for  the  doctor  was  not 
intended  as  his  full  fee  but  rather  as 
his  out-of-pocket  expenditure  if  he  made 
a  long  trip  or  if  he  provided  necessities 
for  the  case.  The  Grant  was,  in  effect, 
quite  definitely  medical  relief  for  ma- 
ternity cases,  although  the  word  relief 
was  not  used  at  that  time  so  glibly  as 


400 


Vol.  38  No.  6 


THE    MATERNITY'   GRANT 


401 


it  is  today  nor  did  it  have  the  same  public 
reaction.  That  the  Grant  was  a  boon 
to  new-settler  mothers  is  obvious.  The 
Order-in-Council  which  provided  for 
it  was  signed  in  1921  but  reports  indi- 
cate that  its  provisions  were  in  effect 
very  many  years  earlier.  They  were, 
in  fact,  a  part  of  the  health  administra- 
tion from  the  very  first  days  of  the 
organization  of  the  Bureau  in  1909. 
The  qualifica:tions  were  simple  —  the 
mother  must  be  remote  from  a  doctor 
and  lacking  in  money.  There  were  then 
no  organized  municipal  councils  so  the 
written  statement  was  certified  by  the 
registrar  of  births,  marriages  and  deaths. 

The  face  of  Saskatchewan  altered  in 
the  years  that  followed  but  the  Grant 
remained  unchanged  until  1931.  In  the 
first  official  annual  record  only  18 
grants  were  reported.  During  the  years 
following,  the  number  varied  with  the 
prosperity  of  the  province,  sometimes  up, 
sometimes  down.  Until  1929  it  did  not 
exceed  500  in  any  year.  Then  with  the 
serious  financial  depression  it  suddenly 
soared  until  in  1931  the  Grant  was 
given  to  over  3000  mothers  and  was  a 
recognized  and  important  phase  of  re- 
lief. In  that  year  it  was  discontinued, 
a  layette  substituted  and  the  medical 
service  feature  taken  care  of  in  other 
ways.  In  1934  it  was  restored  by  the 
Honorable  J.  M.  Uhrich,  M.  D.,  Min- 
ister of  Public  Health,  not  as  relief,  al- 
though certain  assistance  features  re- 
mained but  entirely  as  a  public  health 
measure,  an  effort  on  the  part-  of  the 
Department  to  protect  motherhood  and 
infancy.  As  such  it  has  been  continued 
and  as  such  it  may  be  of  interest  to 
those  who  are  concerned  with  health 
safeguards. 

At  the  time  of  the  Grant's  reinstate- 
ment in  1934  a  new  situation  had  de- 
veloped in  the  province.  At  the  most 
acute  period  of  the  drouth  years  there 
was    a    considerable    exodus    of    families 

TUNE,  1942 


from  the  southern  areas,  which  had 
been  most  seriously  affected,  to  the  re- 
mote, northern,  heavily  wooded  region. 
Again  they  were  the  young  people. 
Homestead  conditions  of  the  early  years 
were  to  some  extent  repeated  although 
the  burden  was  eased  in  a  measure  by 
modern  travel  facilities,  greater  num- 
bers of  and  more  accessible  doctors, 
nurses  and  hospitals.  Still,  the  need  ex- 
isted and  the  full  benefit  of  the  revised 
Grant  was  extended  to  these  northern 
settlers. 

The  mechanics  of  the  administration 
of  the  Grant  have  to  date  remained  un- 
changed. Indigent,  expectant  mothers 
remote  from  medical  care,  are  the  only 
eligible  recipients.  Regardless  of  financial 
need  the  Grant  is  not  available  for  town 
or  city  residents.  Certification  as  to  need 
must  be  made  by  municipal  officials. 
There,  the  resemblance  to  the  original 
Grant,  ends. 

Actual  authorization  depends  now 
upon  the  report  of  pre-natal  medical 
examination.  Application  forms  are  stu- 
died first  from  the  point  of  view  of 
financial  need.  If  the  application  is  in 
order,  the  mother  is  advised  that  medical 
examination  is  required  and  the  form 
for  the  use  of  the  doctor  in  reporting  the 
examination  is  sent  to  her.  The  Grant  is 
not  authorized  until  the  completed  form 
has  been  returned  and  has  been  studied. 
It  is  the  proof  that  the  mother  has  had 
at  least  one  medical  examination.  The 
visit  is  repeated  in  the  majority  of  cases. 
The  report  form  is  quite  complete,  in- 
cluding information  on  pelvic  measure- 
ments, urinalysis,  blood  pressure  and 
other  salient  features  of  such  cases.  At 
the  least,  it  is  evidence  that  the  doctor 
will  not  find  himself  confronting  a  pa- 
tient whom  he  has  not  seen  prior  to  the 
onset  of  labor,  a  situation  all  too  common 
in  the  past.  It  takes  some  time  for  the 
mother  to  complete  the  forms  and  to 
arrange  for  the  visit  to  the  doctor.  For 


402  T  H  E    C  A  N  A  D  I A  N    N  U  R  S  E 

this  reason  the  report  is  usually  of  the  the  part  of  mothers   (and   fathers,   too, 

condition  in  the  last  two  to  three  months  no  doubt)    toward  maternal  welfare, 

of    pregnancy.    Many    are    earlier    and  The  mother  is  not  finished  with  the 

some  are  later.  Grant  when  it  has  finally  been  author- 

An  occasional  case  arises  where  med-  ized.  A  post-natal  examination  is  urged, 
ical  examination  is  not  possible.  Severe  to  be  made  six  weeks  after  the  confine- 
winter  weather,  spring  breakup  or  some  ment  and  its  importance  is  strongly 
acute  personal  situation  may  constitute  stressed.  The  figures  for  this  item  are 
insurmountable  obstacles.  Such  cases  are  less  than  for  the  pre-natal  examination 
considered  and  in  certain  instances  the  as  might  be  expected  since  the  mother 
Grant  is  given,  but  only  with  the  un-  actually  has  the  Grant  before  the  post- 
derstanding    that    every    effort    will    be  natal  is  required. 

made  to  see  the  doctor  by  the  end  of  the  Hospitalization  is  not  provided  in 
eighth  month.  In  very  remote  districts  routine  cases.  If  the  medical  report  in- 
the  statement  of  a  reputable  nurse  has  dicates  a  special  need  and  if  the  doc- 
been  accepted  in  lieu  of  the  medical  tor  recommends  it,  a  part  of  the  cost 
report.  This  has  occurred  in  districts  is  allowed.  The  recommendation  is  not 
served  by  Red  Cross  Outpost  Hospitals,  often  volunteered  by  the  doctor  but  is 
Such  a  statement  is  not  considered  as  solicited  from  him  following  a  study  of 
a  medical  report  and  is  not  so  counted,  the  report.  Older  women  who  have 
Every  pre-natal  report  listed  as  such  had  a  large  number  of  pregnancies, 
is  that  of  a  medical  doctor.  others  with  a  history  of  dystocia  or  hae- 

In   each  of  the  past  three  years,  the  morrhage,    very    young    primparas    and 

number    of   cases   which    have    had    the  any   others  showing  toxic  symptoms  or 

examination   has  been   between    96   and  possible  hazards  are  urged  to  go  to  hos- 

97    percent    of    the    total    number    of  pital  and  are  financially  assisted. 

Grants      authorized.      This      constitutes  When   the   first  letter  of  request   for 

something  of  an  achievement  and  it  has  the  Grant  is  received  from  the  mother, 

not    been    attained    without    effort.    In  the  pamphlet  of  pre-natal  letters  is  sent 

the    first   years  of  the   medical   require-  with    the    application    form.    When    the 

ment  it  was  quite  resented  by  applicants.  Grant  is   finally  authorized  the   booklet 

An  unbelievable  number  of  women  ob-  on    infant    care    accompanies    the    letter 

jected  to  it,  particularly  multiparas  who  of  notification.  Where  the  services  of  a 

had     been     so     fortunate     as    to     come  public    health    nurse    are    available    the 

through     several     pregnancies     without  names  are  sent  to  her  for  pre-natal  vi- 

medical  aid  and  without  mishap.  A  good  sits  and  for  supervision  of  the  health  of 

deal  of  educational  work  was  done  and  the    infant    through    the    health    centre, 

much   persistence   was   necessary   in    re-  By  such  means  continued  contact  with 

fusing    the    authorization     without    the  the  mother  is  maintained.  Public  health 

medical   report.   Now   it  is  a  very  rare  nurses  refer  many  women  to  the  Grant 

applicant  who  does  not  apply  early,  ex-  service  and  investigate  numbers  of  cases 

pect  and  wish  to  have  the  examination  of  unusual  nature. 

and  also  to  secure  medical  care  at  con-  The  Grant  provides  the  mother  with 
finement.  Nor  are  applicants  loath  to  a  small  money  allowance  to  be  used  for 
name  the  doctor  of  their  choice  and  he  the  layette  or  for  the  necessities  for  con- 
is  not  by  any  means  always  the  one  of  finement.  The  amount  is  the  same  in  all 
closest  proximity.  This  is  as  it  should  be  cases  and  the  cheque  goes  direct  to  her 
and   indicates  a   thoughtful   attitude   on  as  soon  as  the  requirements  have   been 

Vol.  38  No.  6 


THE   MATERNITY  GRANT 


403 


met.  A  routine  amount  is  allowed  the 
doctor  for  the  completion  of  all  pre- 
natal and  post-natal  report  forms.  If 
the  doctor  is  not  on  contract  with  the 
municipality  or  in  receipt  of  special  re- 
lief area  grants  or  subsidies,  a  payment 
is  made  through  the  Grant  toward  his 
account.  In  many  cases  he  receives  no- 
thing further  from  the  patient.  The 
routine  amount  is  about  one-third  of 
the  regular  charge.  Special  cases  receive 
special  consideration.  Payment  is  made 
direct  to  the  doctor  and  not  through  the 
mother. 

During  the  past  five  years,  the  Grant 
has  been  administered  by  the  Division 
of  Public  Health  Nursing  in  an  effort 
to  minimize  the  relief  feature  and  to 
emphasize  maternal  welfare.  Careful 
records  have  been  kept  to  determine  the' 
health  value  of  a  service  which  during 
the  years  has  been  fairly  costly.  The 
peak  year,  1937,  provided  for  5,410 
mothers  with  an  expenditure  of  over 
$65,000.  With  improved  financial  con- 
ditions the  figure  has  dropped  within 
the  past  two  years  but  it  is  still  in  the 
neighborhood  of  $30,000.  Monthly  lists 
of  maternal  deaths  as  recorded  by  the 
office  of  the  Registrar  General  are 
checked  with  Maternity  Grant  files. 
This  procedure  has  been  followed  for 
the  past  three  years  and  will  be  con- 
tinued. Figures  as  shown  in  the  follow- 
ing summary  are  convincing  and  in  this 
connection   encouraging. 

In  1939,  the  number  of  Maternity 
Grants  authorized  was  4,665 ;  the  num- 
ber reported  as  having  had  pre-natal 
examination  was  4,494  (96.33  per- 
cent) ;  the  number  of  maternal  deaths  in 
Saskatchewan  was  43;  the  maternal 
deaths  in  Maternity  Grant  cases  was  5; 
the  maternal  death  rate  for  Canada  was 
4.2;  the  maternal  death  rate  for  Sas- 
katchewan was  3.3;  the  maternal  death 
rate  for  Maternity  Grant  cases  was 
1.07.  In  1940,  the  number  of  Maternity 

JUNE,  1942 


Grants  authorized  was  3,254;  the  num- 
ber reported  as  having  had  pre-natal 
examination  was  3,164  (97.24  per- 
cent); the  number  of  maternal  deaths 
in  Saskatchewan  was  62;  the  maternal 
deaths  in  Maternity  Grant  cases  was  3; 
the  maternal  death  rate  for  Canada  was 
4.0;  the  maternal  death  rate  for  Sas- 
katchewan was  3.2;  the  maternal  death 
rate  for  Maternity  Grant  cases  was  .921. 

In  the  year  1941  a  total  of  2,374 
Grants  were  authorized,  in  2,301  (96.3 
percent)  of  which  the  mother  had  some 
pre-natal  care.  Maternal  death  figures 
to  date  are  preliminary  only  but  indi- 
cations suggest  three  deaths  which  would 
mean  a  rate  similar  to  that  of  the  year 
1939.  The  number  of  cases  in  each 
year  is,  of  course,  relatively  small  but 
the  fact  remains  that  the  particular 
group  had  medical  attention  which  with- 
out the  assistance  of  the  Grant  would 
have  been  impossible  and  the  death  rate 
for  the  group  was  approximately  one- 
third  of  that  for  similar  cases  in  the 
remainder  of  the  province. 

A  plan  is  now  under  way  to  study 
post-natal  reports  more  closely  with  par- 
ticular reference  to  the  condition  of  the 
mother  and  infant  approximately  six 
weeks  after  the  birth.  In  1940  post- 
natal reports  were  submitted  by  doc- 
tors in  1,821  of  the  3,254  Maternity 
Grant  cases  (55.96  percent).  Eighty- 
four  infant  deaths  were  listed  of  which 
35  were  still-births.  The  files  for  1941 
are  still  open  and  reports  will  continue 
to  come  in  for  some  time.  To  date  49 
infant  deaths  have  been  listed  in  1,528 
reports.  Again  the  groups  are  small 
making  the  figures  of  uncertain  value 
but  they  suggest  rates  lower  than  those 
of  the  province  in  general.  Added  to 
the  evidence  of  the  figures  we  have  the 
enlightened  attitude  of  the  majority  of 
the  parents  toward  pre-natal  care  and 
medical  attention  which  soon  spreads 
through    a    community.    Without   doubt 


404 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


there  are  still  many  "handy  women"  at- 
tending maternity  cases  in  rural  dis- 
tricts but  the  number  has  been  vastly 
decreased  in  the  past  ten  years.  During 
the  year  1940  the  figures  of  the  Regis- 
trar General  show  83.6  percent  of 
births  attended  by  physicians.  The  pre- 
sent fear  is  that,  with  such  large  numbers 
of  medical  men  entering  military  service, 
the  mothers  may  be  deprived  of  the 
care  they  need  and  have  grown  to  de- 
mand and  the  "handy  women"  may 
again  be  pressed  into  service.  However, 
Maternity'  Grant  requirements  will  not 
be  reduced  and  the  hope  is  cherished 
that  mothers,  so  educated,  will  be  will- 
ing to  travel  even  very  great  distances 
to  reach  a  doctor.  War  restrictions  on 
travel  facilities  may  be  a  deterrent  but 
the  communit}^  spirit  is  high  in  the  out- 
jX)St  areas  from  which  the  cases  are 
now    drawn    and    no    doubt    ways    and 


means   will   be   effected   for   the   benefit 
of  all. 

It  should  be  mentioned  that  the  re- 
lief assistance  feature  of  the  Grant  has 
not  been  entirely  overlooked.  In  the 
past  five  years  more  than  3,500  layettes 
have  been  sent  out  in  cases  of  need  in 
which  the  mothers  were  not  eligible 
for  the  Maternity  Grant.  These  were 
sent  on  the  recommendation  of  the 
Department  of  Public  Health  by  a  volun- 
tary relief  organization  supported  fi-  - 
nancially  by  the  Government  and  more 
recently  by  an  official  government  re- 
lief department. 

The  plan  as  outlined  is  only  one  of 
many  methods  employed  to  protect  mo- 
thers and  enhance  maternal  welfare.  It 
is  of  interest  chiefly  because  of  its  par- 
ticular effectiveness  in  a  province  of  ex- 
tensive dimensions  and  rural  settlement 
such  as  Saskatchewan. 


Victorian  Order  of  Nurses  for  Canada 


The  following  are  the  staff  appointments 
to,  transfers,  and  resignations  from  the 
Victorian  Order  of  Xurses  for  Canada : 

Miss  Eileen  Willis,  B.A.,  a  graduate  of 
the  Winnipeg  General  Hospital,  has  been 
appointed  temporarily  to  the  Winnipeg  staff. 

Miss  Helen  Kay.  who  was  temporarily  em- 
ployed on  the  Hamilton  staff,  has  been 
transferred  to  the  Ottawa  staff. 

Miss  Marion  Knit  and  Miss  Ivy  German 
have  resigned  from  the  Hamilton  staff  to 
be  married. 

Miss  M.  Mullen  has  resigned  from  the 
Montreal   staff   to  be   married. 

Miss  Dorothy  Graham  has  resigned  from 
the  Saskatoon  staff  to  be  married. 


Miss  Margaret  Knapp  has  resigned  from 
the   Winnipeg  staff   to  be   married. 

Miss  Catliaritu;  MacDougall  has  resigned 
from  the  Bumaby  staff  to  be  married. 

Miss  Ruth  Henderson  has  resigned  from 
the  York  Township  staff  to  be  married. 

Miss  Bessie  Skinner,  of  the  York  Town- 
ship staff,  and  Miss  Alberta  Upshall.  of  the 
Hamilton  staff,  have  resigned  to  take  posi- 
tions with  the  Department  of  Public  Health 
in    Guelph. 

Miss  Julia  Moody  has  resigned  as  nurse- 
in-charge  of  the  Lachine  Branch  to  accept 
a  position  with  the  Department  of  Public 
Health  in  Winnipeg. 

Miss  Evelyn  Bowman  has  resigned  from 
the    Hamilton    staff. 


M.L.I.C.  Nursing  Service 


Miss     Eglantine     D' A  oust     (St.     Joseph 
Hospital,    Lachine,    1926)    recently   resigned 


from   the    Montreal    staff   of   the   M.L.I.C 
to  be  married. 


Vol.  38  No.  6 


GENERAL   NURSING 


Contributed  by  the  General  Nursing  Section  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association. 

Wanted  —  Leaders  in  the  General  Nursing  Section 

Madalene  M.  Baker 


There  are  206  bones  in  our  body, 
but  we  need  only  three  of  them  (and 
one  process)  to  give  leadership.  There 
is  the  sternum  or  wish-bone,  the  jaw- 
bone, the  elbow  —  and  the  backbone. 
First  —  the  wish-bone.  We  have  the 
desire  to  give  leadership.  Surely  the  e\n- 
dence  of  the  last  few  years  has  removed 
from  us  the  last  vestige  of  the  mistaken 
idea  that  isolation  can  shelter  us  from 
eventualities.  The  years  have  clearlv 
shown  us  that  we  cannot  afford  me- 
diocritv.  If  we  visualize  ourselves  as 
a  'channel  through  which  leadership  is 
handed  on  to  others,  then  we  will  cul- 
tivate leadership  with  a  sufficiently 
strong  will  to  achieve  a  total  purpose. 

Those  of  us  in  the  General  Nursing 
Section  are  prone  to  think  that  we  fol- 
low, not  lead.  And  yet,  in  the  daily  rou- 
tine of  our  chosen  work  we  stand  out 
as  examples,  not  only  to  the  younger 
nurses  in  our  section,  but  to  the  public 
as  well.  To  a  great  extent,  the  nursing 
profession  is  judged  by  the  efficiency 
of  the  bedside  nurse;  this  is  because  of 
the  close  and  prolonged  contact  with 
those  doing  bedside  nursing.  Efficiency 
and  example  are  the  most  effective  me- 
thods of  maintaining  professional  stand- 
ards. The  onus  of  responsibility  of  nurse 
education     and     health    education     does 


not  entirely  rest  with  the  school  of  nurs- 
ing and  organized  public  health.  Indi- 
vidually, we  must  do  our  part  in  main- 
taining standards  and  health  education 
is  a  part  of  our  duty  to  our  patients  and 
their  families.  Constant  study  is  neces- 
sary if  we  hope  to  do  this  and  to  keep 
abreast  of  the  times.  The  example  we 
give  today  is  something  that  will  be 
handed  down  through  the  years,  there- 
fore, the  private  duty  and  general  dut)' 
nurse  is  an  educator  and  a  leader. 

We  have  accepted  great  responsibilit)'. 
Let  us  not  leave  it  to  others  but  firmly 
grasp  the  torch  and  carr}^  on.  Let  us 
take  advantage  of  university  postgrad- 
uate courses  or,  if  this  is  not  possible,  then 
take  postgraduate  work  in  special  serv- 
ices. If  we  remain  in  the  General 
Nursing  Section,  let  us  be  leaders  and 
teachers  in  that  Section  and  assume  our 
share  of  the  work  of  our  professional 
organizations.  It  is  here  that  we  need 
that  second  bone  —  the  jaw-bone  — 
for  without  it  we  cannot  be  vocal,  and 
without  being  vocal  we  can  never  hope 
to  acquaint  our  indifferent  colleagues 
with  the  value  of  our  professional  or- 
ganizations and  I  know  of  no  better 
panacea  for  their  indifference  than  to 
familiarize  them  with  the  work  of  the 
provincial    Registered    Nurses    Associa- 


JUNE,  1942 


405 


406 


THE   CANADIAN    NURSE 


tions  and  the  Canadian  Nurses  Asso- 
ciation. We  know  that  organized  nurs- 
ing has  given  us  educational  standards, 
status  and  better  working  conditions. 
Organized  nursing  is  eyes  and  ears  for 
thousands  of  nurses  throughout  the 
Dominion. 

There  are  several  things  which  we 
need  to  keep  constantly  before  us.  First, 
stimulation  toward  achievement  must 
be  looked  upon  as  one  of  the  most  im- 
portant consequences  of  the  activity  of 
our  associations.  We  who  are  present 
because  we  are  interested  need  to  carry 
our  zeal  with  us,  as  we  do  our  regis- 
tration cards,  and  lose  no  opportunity 
to  acquaint  those  who  could  not  be 
present  with  the  need  for  specially  pre- 
pared persons  in  the  nursing  field.  The 
work  of  our  nursing  associations  should 
not  be  left  to  a  few  willing  souls;  it  is 
the  responsibility  of  every  registered 
nurse  in  the  country.  We  need  action. 
We  need  expression  of  opinion.  The 
worst  kind  of  an  audience  is  one  that 
has  no  difficulties,  no  comments,  but 
sits  like  a  sponge  and  soaks  things  in. 
There  is  no  reaction  from  them ;  no 
one  gets  enthusiastic;  no  one  has  any- 
thing to  say.  Let  it  be  our  individual 
responsibility  to  start  discussion;  no  one 
expects  the  contribution  to  be  perfect. 
Who  can  doubt  but  that  an  impetus  to 
go  forward  will  follow  the  interchange 
of  ideas  and  the  presentation  of  com- 
mon problems?  Of  course  we  cannot 
stop  at  talking  about  progress  —  we 
must  use  that  process  which  goes  to 
make  the  elbow  and  go  to  work.  There 
is  no  denying  that  there  are  certain 
people  who  can  do  one  thing  rather 
than  another  and  there  are  certain  tech- 
nical areas  in  which  nurses  from  one 
group  should  have,  if  not  the  controlling, 
at  least  the  moulding  voice.  Neverthe- 
less, any  project  in  nursing,  whether 
it  be  specific  to  a  section  or  not,  is  the 
responsibility   of   each   one    of   us   in   so 


far  as  we  can  be  helpful.  We  have  a 
common  general  objective  —  that  of 
giving  service.  Working  together  is  not 
only  natural  —  it  is  imperative. 

Existing  in  our  midst  is  potential  lead- 
ership, but  sometimes  it  is  hard  to  lo- 
cate because  of  that  habit  of  hiding  one's 
light  under  a  bushel.  I  encourage  you 
to  bring  that  light  out  and  let  it  shine. 
Of  the  General  Nursing  Section  I  would 
say  that  we  not  only  need  leaders  with- 
in the  section,  but  are  hanging  out  the 
sign  —  "Leaders  from  the  General 
Nursing  Section  are  wanted  to  provide 
continuity  of  leadership  for  the  other 
two  sections".  We  need  only  to  use  our 
natural  capacity  in  order  to  achieve; 
our  individual  ingenuity  and  sincerity 
will  discover  countless  opportunities. 
Remarks  such  as  "I  could  never  do 
that",  and  "Why  should  I  bother,  it 
will  never  happen  in  my  time"  are  neith- 
er constructive  nor  logical. 

To  carry  the  job  through  we  need 
that  other  part  of  our  anatomy  —  the 
backbone.  The  backbone  is  power  and 
purpose,  stabilit)',  steadfastness  and 
strength.  Without  it  all  our  wishing  and 
talking  and  expenditures  of  elbow- 
grease  can  come  to  naught.  When  you 
speak  of  the  "backbone"  of  an  associa- 
tion, a  city,  a  nation,  who  comes  to 
your  mindr  Is  it  not  the  man  who  has 
dedicated  himself  to  a  cause,  and  then 
bent  every  effort,  in  spite  of  obstacles, 
toward  his  chosen  goal?  Who  can  es- 
timate the  value  of  our  united  powers? 
The  controlling  thought  in  the  entire 
leadership  program  must  be  that  every 
detail  of  nursing  activity  should  serve 
the  purpose  of  professional  education. 

This  is  a  time  of  national  crisis.  A 
healthy  nation  is  a  sound  nation,  and 
a  winning  nation.  What  better  contri- 
bution can  we  offer,  as  nurses,  in  these 
trying  times,  than  to  make  our  profes- 
sional excellence,  at  home  as  well  as 
abroad,    an    integral    part    of    National 

Vol.  38  No.  6 


TRAINING       PRACTICAL      NURSES 


407 


Defence:  I  have  every  confidence  that 
the  members  of  the  General  Nursing 
Section  will  carry  their  share,  and  more 
than  their  share,  and  make  the  events 
of  today  stepping  stones  for  the  future. 
For  we  need  to  face  the  facts  squarely 
—  that  is  half  the  battle.  We  need  to 


be  resolute  in  our  task;  we  need  tena- 
city of  purpose,  for  there  will  always  be 
obstacles  in  our  path.  Above  all,  we  need 
faith  to  carry  on  in  face  of  discourage- 
ment, criticism  and  indifference  —  in 
short  we  need  to  put  our  backbone  into 
it. 


Training  Practical  Nurses 


In  the  December  1941  issue  of  The  Cana- 
dian Xurse  it  was  announced  that  a  de- 
monstration in  the  training  of  practical 
nurses  was  being  conducted  by  the  Board 
of  the  London  Central  Registry  for  Grad- 
uate Nurses.  This  demonstration  was  ap- 
proved and  financially  assisted  by  the  Re- 
gistered Nurses  Association  of  Ontario. 
The  course  got  under  way  on  September  29, 
1941,  with  thirteen  students  enrolled.  Ap- 
plicants for  the  course  were  obtained 
through  advertisements  in  the  local  press ; 
the  academic  requirement  was  at  least  en- 
trance to  high  school  and  the  age  limit  was 
20  to  40  years.  The  students  were  given 
a  complete  physical  examination,  and  x-ray 
chest  examinations  were  also  made  as  re- 
quired by  the  Ontario  Department  of 
Health. 

The  length  of  the  course  was  six  months. 
The  first  three  months  included  classes  in 
simple  nursing  under  the  direction  of  a  re- 
gistered nurse  who  is  also  a  qualified  in- 
structor. Lessons  in  practical  cookery,  home 
economics  and  housekeeping  (organized  to 
meet  the  special  needs  of  the  class)  were 
given  by  a  graduate  in  home  economics. 
Ten  of  the  thirteen  students  completed  the 
first  three  months  and  then  followed  the 
three  months  of  practical  experience.  This 
included  two  months  in  institutions  caring 
for  the  aged  and  chronically  ill ;  two  weeks 
in  a  day  nursery ;  two  weeks  in  homes  under 
supervision  —  one  week  with  a  chronic 
case  and  one  week  with  a  mother  and  a 
young  baby. 


Commencement  exercises  were  held  on 
April  4  at  which  time  certificates  were 
given  to  ten  students  for  having  successfully 
completed  the  six-months  course.  They 
were  required  to  sign  an  agreement  to 
identify  themselves  with  the  London  Cen- 
tral Registry  for  a  further  two  years  during 
which  time  they  will  be  under  supervision 
and  opportunity  will  be  afforded  to  eva- 
luate their  work.  They  will  wear  a  plain 
blue  uniform  with  short  sleeves,  white 
bibbed  apron,  brown  shoes  and  hose,  and 
will  be  identified  by  wearing  an  insignia 
on  their  sleeve  with  the  letters  "P.N., 
L.C.R."  (practical  nurse,  London  Central 
Registry). 

The  completion  of  this  demonstration  was 
reported    to    the    recent    annual    meeting    of 


JUNE,   1942 


408 


THE   CANADIAN    NURSE 


the  Registered  Nurses  Association  of  On- 
tario, and  a  recommendation  was  made  that 
three  of  these  courses,  under  the  same  de- 
monstration plan,  could  be  undertaken 
yearly  in  centres  where  organized  registries 
are  in  operation  and,  in  particular,  the 
course   as   planned   by  the   Central    Registry 


of  Graduate  Nurses,  Toronto.  It  was  fur- 
ther recommended  that  the  Registered 
Nurses  Association  of  Ontario  be  requested 
to  grant  financial  assistance  where  it  could 
not  be  supplied  in  full  either  by  the  exist- 
ing registry  or  by  one  of  the  districts. 
—  Madalene  Baker 


An  Important  Appointment 


Announcement  has  been  made  of  the 
appointment  of  Mary  EHzabeth  Mac- 
farland  as  superintendent  of  nurses  in 
the  Toronto  General  Hospital.  Ever 
since  her  graduation  in  1926  from  the 
School  of  Nursing  of  the  Toronto  Gen- 
eral Hospital,  Miss  Macfarland  has  dis- 
played a  capacity  for  leadership  which 
gave  proof  of  her  ability  as  an  organizer 
and  administrator.  She  has  served  in  in- 


Mary  E.  Macfarland 

Photo    by    Randolph    Macdonald,    Toronto 


creasingly  responsible  positions  on  the 
staff  of  the  Toronto  General  Hospital 
and,  at  the  time  of  her  new  appointment, 
was  supervisor  and  instructor  in  the 
medical  department.  In  1937  she  was 
awarded  the  Jean  I.  Gunn  Scholarship 
and  took  a  postgraduate  course  in  teach- 
ing and  supervision  in  the  Toronto  Uni- 
versity School  of  Nursing. 

Miss  Macfarland  was  born  in  South 
Mountain,  Ontario,  and  educated  at  the 
Lisgar  Collegiate  Institute  in  Ottawa. 
She  is  regarded  by  her  many  friends  as 
a  woman  of  strong  character,  broad 
minded  and  well  balanced,  and  with  a 
keen  sense  of  humour.  She  is  a  clear 
thinker  and  is  both  understanding  and 
sympathetic.  She  has  travelled  widely, 
is  an  excellent  musician  and  enjoys  a 
game  of  golf.  She  has  always  been  keenly 
interested  in  nursing  organizations  and 
is  now  the  president  of  the  Alumnae  As- 
socia'^ion  of  the  Toronto  University 
School  of  Nursing. 

The  position  which  Miss  Macfarland 
is  to  occupy  is  one  of  the  most  distin- 
guished in  Canada  and  has  been  held  by 
such  outstanding  nurses  as  Mary  Agnes 
Snively  and  ]enn  Isabel  Gunn.  Through- 
out her  professional  career,  Mary  Mac- 
farland has  been  profoundly  influenced 
by  their  noble  example,  and  it  seems 
fitting  that  she  should  now  be  chosen 
to  carry  forward  into  the  future  the 
noble  tradition  of  the  past. 

Vol.  38  No.  6 


HOSPITALS   d    SCHOOLS    of  NURSING 


Contributed   by  the   Hospital  and   School   of   Nursing   Section   of  the   C.    N.   A. 

A  Plea  for  the  General  Duty  Nurse 

Annie  F.  Lawrie 


General  duty  nursing  had  its  begin- 
nings during  the  years  of  the  great 
depression.  Well  do  we  remember  that 
period  in  this  Province  of  Saskatchewan 
when  drought  added  to  the  sufferings 
of  the  rural  communities.  The  small 
hospital  found  it  very  difficult  to  carry 
on  and,  in  the  larger  hospitals,  seriously 
ill  patients  could  not  afford  the  benefit 
of  special  duty  nursing.  This  not  only 
threw  an  extra  burden  on  the  hospital 
nursing  service  but  grealy  reduced  the 
number  of  special  duty  nurses  required 
on  cases.  Unemployment  amongst 
nurses  became  as  serious  as  m  other 
professions.  Many  nurses,  however, 
were  willing  to  work  at  any  price.  They 
went  on  cases  even  when  they  knew 
there  would  be  no  remuneration;  it 
was  sufficient  to  know  that  the  patients 
needed  their  services.  They  went  out 
to  small  country  hospitals  for  very  little 
more  than  their  board.  They  worked 
long  hours  and  lived  under  far  from 
ideal  conditions. 

The  concern  of  the  hospital  for  the 
welfare  of  its  own  graduates  was  in- 
strumental in  placing  the  general  duty 
nurse  on  the  wards  and  the  first  ob- 
jective was  to  reduce  unemployment. 
Later  it  was  realized  that,  by  the  em- 
ployment of  these  nurses,  the  nursing 
service    was    greatly    stabilized    and    a 


better  balance  in  the  student  program 
could  be  maintained.  Experience  has 
taught  us  that  it  is  not  possible  to  ful- 
fil the  highest  standard  of  the  Curricu- 
lum and  at  the  same  time  give  the 
best  care  to  the  sick  if  the  hospital  is 
obliged  to  depend  entirely  on  the  student 
body  for  its  nursing  service.  The  con- 
cept of  nursing  today  is  not  what  it  was 
yesterday.  Nurses  are  being  called  up- 
on more  and  more  to  perform  highly 
specialized  services  and  for  this  they 
must  be  well  prepared.  This  places  a 
heavy  responsibility  on  the  school  of 
nursing.  The  old  apprenticeship  sys- 
tem is  being  gradually  discarded  and  a 
School  in  the  truest  sense  of  the  word 
is   being   built  in  its  place. 

One  of  the  chief  aims  of  every  right- 
thinking  member  of  a  hospital  board 
and  a  superintendent  of  a  hospital  is  to 
have  satisfied  patients.  This  means 
favourable  advertising  for  the  hospital. 
But  some  of  them  do  not  realize  that  the 
calibre  of  the  nursing  service  determines 
more  than  anything  else,  whether  the 
patient  is  satisfied  or  not.  It  is  hardly 
to  be  expected  that  any  individual  can 
give  her  best  service  when  the  conditions 
under  which  she  works  and  lives  are 
unfavourable.  It  must  also  be  remem- 
bered that  the  initial  preparation  for  a 
registered  nurse  involves  three  years  of 


JUNE,   1942 


410 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


intensive  study  and  concentrated  ward 
experience  during  which  she  is  not  a 
salary  earner.  In  spite  of  this,  there 
are  hospitals  in  which  some  of  the  mem- 
bers of  the  lay  staff,  who  have  not 
expended  a  day  in  preparation  for  the 
job,  receive  higher  salaries  than  the  gen- 
eral duty  nurse.  Her  needs  do  not 
differ  from  those  in  other  fields:  name- 
ly, shorter  hours,  larger  monetary  re- 
turn, better  living  conditions  and  greater 
security  for  the  future. 

The  increase  of  salary  for  the  gen- 
eral duty  nurse  from  the  low  level  of  the 
depression  days  has  been  a  very  slow 
process.  In  recent  months,  however, 
the  improvement  has  been  quite  marked 
in  some  hospitals.  If  the  quantity  and 
quality  of  service  rendered  to  the  insti- 
tution is  worth  something  to  the  insti- 
tution, that  worth  should  receive  due 
recognition.  Some  nurses  are  equipped 
to  take  on  heavier  responsibilities;  this 
should  also  be  rewarded  accordingly. 
Some  thought  should  be  given  by  every 
hospital  to  the  establishment  of  a  definite 
salary  scale  with  a  minimum  and  max- 
imum rate  of  increase.  Such  a  plan 
is  very  satisfying  to  the  worker. 

It  is  true  that  nursing  requires  more 
physical  and  mental  energy  than  many 
types  of  work.  Nurses  must  always  be 
alert,  solving  problems,  making  deci- 
sions, all  of  which  demands  energy  to 
be  balanced  only  by  shorter  hours.  Of 
necessity  in  many  cases,  the  hours  are 
irregular;  emergencies  demand  over- 
times; wards  must  be  covered  even  on 
Sundays  and  holidays.  There  is  also 
the  demand  on  off-duty  time — the  nurse 
may  be  "off  duty"  but  still  "on  call". 
There  are  obligations  to  be  fulfilled 
in  attending  professional  meetings  and 
other  duties  all  of  which  come  during 
the  off-duty  hours.  Shorter  hours  of 
duty  will  make  for  a  happier  and  more 
efficient  staff.  In  working  towards  the 
forty-eight  hour  week,  it  must  not  be 


forgotten  that  the  nursing  load  is  equal- 
ly important.  The  ratio  of  nurses  to 
patients  should  be  such  that  opportunity 
for    good    nursing    is   assured. 

There  is  still  a  great  need  for  better 
living  conditions  for  the  nursing  staff 
in  many  hospitals  today.  Over-crowding 
has  long  been  a  grave  evil.  The  question 
of  "living  out"  or  "living  in"  should 
be  given  some  consideration.  When  the 
nurse  lives  "out"  she  should  be  ade- 
quately compensated  on  a  scale  compar- 
able to  the  nurse  who  lives  "in".  If  the 
nurse  is  to  be  expected  to  develop  and  to 
improve  and  to  acquire  interest  in 
the  hospital  and  ward  situation,  she 
must  feel  that  she  is  a  part  of  the 
institution.  Adequate  salary,  shorter 
working  hours,  good  living  conditions, 
the  recognition  of  good  work,  and  per- 
manent employment  with  security  will 
make  the  field  of  the  general  duty  nurse 
a  satisfactory  one.  The  supply  of  nurses 
should  then  be  adequate,  the  turnover 
at  a  minimum  and  services  rendered  of 
very  high  quality. 

I  should  hke  to  quote  a  letter  which 
has  probably  been  the  stimulus  for  this 
appeal  for  the  general  duty  nurse: 

Xurses  grumble  and  deplore  their  hours 
of  work.  Often  they  have  too  much  work 
because  of  a  small  staff  which  is  quite  inade- 
quate for  the  number  of  patients.  There 
are  many  small  hospitals  with  only  a  day 
and  a  night  nurse,  the  night  nurse  having 
to  stay  up  for  operations.  She  is  called 
for  maternity  cases,  day  in  and  day  out, 
always  working  fourteen  or  fifteen  hours 
a  day— and  these  hospitals  sometimes  pay 
only  $30.  and  $35.  per  month.  If  one  of 
the  nurses  is  off  with  a  minor  illness,  it 
means  we  run  all  day  from  8  a.m.  to  8  or 
10  p.m.  We  are  supposed  to  have  a  half- 
day  from  1.30  p.m.  but,  if  we  are  busy, 
that  is  impossible,  as  well  as  the  three 
hours  off  a  day  being  necessarily  curtailed. 
Couldn't  the  Registered  Nurses  Association 
do  anything  to  secure  a   full  day  per  week 


Vol.  38  No.  6 


A    PLEA    FOR    THE    GENERAL    DUTY    NURSE  411 


off  duty  for  each  nurse?  A  hospital  with 
a  staff  of  five  or  six  nurses  should  be 
compelled  to  employ  an  extra  nurse  so  that 
the  nurses  could  have  their  day  off,  and 
also  that  she  would  be  there  to  call  upon  in 
case  of  illness.  Couldn't  a  minimum  salary 
be  set?  Many  hospitals  get  by  with  very 
poor  quarters  for  their  nurses.  Could  some- 
thing be  done  to  remedy  this  situation,  too? 


It  isn't  just  for  myself  that  I  speak,  but 
for  all  general  duty  nurses.  Eight-hour  duty 
would  help  to  dispense  with  the  too  long 
hours  of  work  and  would  be  fine,  provided 
enough  nurses  were  employed.  I  really 
believe  this  would  make  for  better,  brighter 
and  kinder  nurses  and  give  us  a  chance 
really  to  live  instead  of  just  to  work  and 
sleep. 


In  Memory  of  Jean  MacKenzie 


After  a  long  and  painful  iP.ness,  Miss 
Jean  MacKenzie,  Provincial  Director  of 
Junior  Red  Cross  for  Saskatchewan,  was 
gently  released  from  her  suffering  by  the 
kind  hand  of  death  on  Monday,  April  13th. 
Miss  MacKenzie  was  born  in  Braemar, 
Scotland,  and  came  to  Canada  in  1912.  She 
received  her  general  education  in  Scotland 
and  her  nursing  education  in  the  Royal 
Victoria  Hospital  Training  School  for 
Nurses.  Montreal,  from  which  she  graduated. 
Soon  afterwards,  she  enlisted  for  overseas 
service  in  the  first  Great  War.  For  some 
months  after  the  close  of  the  Great  War, 
she  was  Sister  in  charge  of  troop  trains  go- 
ing from  one  end  of  Canada  to  the  other 
during   the   demobilization    period. 

In  1918  she  was  appointed  to  the  School 
Hygiene  staff  of  the  Saskatchewan  Depart- 
ment of  Education,  and  so  had  the  privilege 
of  making  a  very  valuable  contribution  to 
what  was  then  a  comparatively  new  field  ni 
public  health.  In  1923,  when  the  Canadian 
Red  Cross  undertook  to  promote  its  course 
of  Home  Nursing  in  Canada,  Miss  Mac- 
Kenzie was  one  of  the  three  Canadian  nurses 
to  be  selected  for  that  purpose.  Later,  she 
was  appointed  Provincial  Director  of  Junior 
Red  Cross  for  the  Saskatchewan  Division 
of  the  Canadian  Red  Cross  Society.  At 
that  time  there  were  only  a  few  hundred 
Branches.  In  June  1941  there  were  over 
5,000  Branches  of  the  Junior  Red  Cross  in 


that  province,  with  a  membership  of  close 
to  150,000,  the  second  highest  in  Canada. 
Miss  MacKenzie's  special  pride  and  pleas- 
ure was  the  Junior  Red  Cross  Hospital  in 
Regina,  and  all  the  little  patients  will  carry 
with  them  through  life  the  memory  of  her 
smiling    face    set    in    its    halo    of    beautiful 


Jean  MacKenzie 


JUNE,  1942 


412 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


Titian  hair,  and  a  remembrance  of  the  kind- 
ness and  solicitude  shown  by  her  tor  their 
care. 

Those  who  were  close  to  Jean  MacKenzie 
in  her  long  last  illness  tell  of  her  unflinching 
fortitude.  In  a  long  letter  written  to  an  as- 
sociate one  week  before  her  death,  after 
recounting  some  of  the  details  of  her  illness, 
she  speaks  with  characteristic  Scottish  calm- 
ness, of  the  struggle  which  she  had  put  up 
for  the  best  part  of  a  year, — "I  have  striven 


to    meet    it    in    a    manner    becoming    to    my 
name  and  race." 

The  nursing  profession  is  indebted  to  the 
contribution  made  by  this  Scottish  Cana- 
dian member.  She  has  left  her  mark  on 
hundreds  of  thousands  of  young  people  in 
Saskatchewan,  and  because  of  this  she  has 
enriched  and  blessed  the  country  of  her 
adoption. 

—  J.  E.  B. 


Annual  Meeting  in  British  Columbia 


The  Registered  Xurses  Association  of 
British  Columbia  held  its  annual  meeting  in 
Victoria  on  April  10  and  11  with  every 
branch  of  the  profession  well  represented. 
Members  showed  a  keener  interest  in  the 
reports  of  past  activities  and  a  new  enthu- 
siasm for  the  proposed  work  of  the  future 
and  the  meeting  brought  forth  many  new  and 
vital  needs  precipitated  by  this  time  of 
national  crisis.  The  convention  opened  with 
a  business  meeting  of  the  three  sections. 
Miss  Florence  Innes,  as  chairman  of  the 
public  health  nursing  section,  reported  on 
the  need  of  keeping  the  standards  of  public 
health  nursing  on  a  high  level ;  this  was 
followed  by  a  discussion  of  the  minimal 
qualifications  of  the  public  health  nurse  and 
it  was  resolved  that  the  Section  recommend 
that  in  teaching  the  student,  greater  em- 
phasis be  placed  upon  the  various  aspects 
of  community  health.  This  might  be  accom- 
plished by  the  employment  of  a  public  health 
nurse  on  the  staff  of  the  schools  of  nursing 
and  also  by  further  utilization  of  the  public 
health  services  in  the  community.  The  hos- 
pital and  school  of  nursing  section,  under  the 
chairmanship  of  Miss  F.  McQuarrie,  stressed 
the  need  of  refresher  courses  in  both  hospital 
administration  and  teaching  and  supervision. 
Such  courses  are  needed  not  only  for  those 
now  active  in  nursing  but  also  for  those 
who  may  be  called  upon  to  return  to  the 
nursing  field  after  some  years  away  from 
it.  . 


The  invocation  at  the  general  meeting  was 
given  by  Rev.  G.  A.  Reynolds  and  the  meet- 
ing was  opened  by  Miss  Margaret  Duffield, 
president  of  the  Association.  Miss  Duffield 
pointed  out  the  necessity  for  persistence  and 
courage  if  standards  are  to  be  maintained 
in  the  face  of  wartime  crises  when  the  nurs- 
ing profession  is  increasingly  being  called 
upon  to  meet  military  and  civilian  duties. 
The  president  pointed  out  that  the  revision 
of  the  Registered  Xurses  Act,  which  is  to 
come  before  the  provincial  legislature  at  its 
next  session,  was  one  of  the  greatest  contri- 
butions of  the  past  year.  The  Provincial  Re- 
gistrar, Miss  Evelyn  Mallory,  paid  tribute 
to  the  long  hours  given  by  the  members  of 
the  Council,  and  urged  that  more  members 
attend  Association  meetings.  The  Registrar 
also  reported  that  there  had  been  a  total 
of  409  new  registrants  during  the  past  year. 
The  report  of  the  British  Xurses  Relief 
Fund,  prepared  by  Mrs.  H.  J.  C.  Walker, 
recorded  that  the  receipts  for  the  year  had 
amounted  to  $2,770  of  which  $2,652  had 
been  forwarded  to  the  Canadian  Xurses  As- 
sociation to  help  the  British  nurses  serving 
in  any  part  of  the  world.  As  there  are  now 
many  nurses  in  active  service,  the  need  for 
increasing    the    fund    was    apparent. 

Miss  Margaret  Kerr,  as  convener  of  the 
Placement  Bureau  Committee,  gave  a  report 
that  aroused  great  interest,  and  stimulated 
much  discussion  from  which  the  following 
recommendations   arose:    (1)    The  establish- 


Vol.  38  No.  6 


P  R  ()  \'  I  N  C  I  A  L    A  N  i\  U  A  L    MEETINGS 


413 


ment  of  an  adequate  placement  service  which 
would  adjust  the  needs  of  the  hospitals  for 
additional  staff  to  the  supply  of  nurses 
in  need  of  employment.  The  responsibility 
of  directing  the  Registry  shall  belong  to 
the  District  in  collaboration  with  a  provin- 
cial committee;  (2)  the  organization  of  a 
sound  type  of  placement  service  to  be  inau- 
gurated through  a  combination  of  the  faci- 
lities and  records  of  the  district  registries 
and  the  provincial  office  of  the  Registered 
Nurses    Association    of    British    Columbia. 

Miss  Kathleen  Sanderson,  organizer  of 
Districts  and  Chapters,  showed  how  the  ori- 
ginal objective  of  this  work,  which  is  to 
bring  nurses  throughout  the  Province  into 
more  active  participation  in  the  affairs  of 
the  Provincial  Association,  is  being  success- 
fully accomplished.  Two  districts  and  29 
chapters  have  been  formed  to  date.  The  re- 
ports of  two  districts  —  Vancouver  Island 
and  ^^'est  Kootenay  —  were  presented,  each 
giving  an  appreciation  of  the  work  of  Miss 
Sanderson. 

The  convention  was  verj'  fortunate  in 
having  as  guest  speaker,  Miss  K.  W.  Ellis, 


Emergency  Nursing  Adviser  to  the  Cana- 
dian Nurses  Association.  Miss  Ellis  em- 
phasized the  important  role  occupied  by  the 
nurse  on  the  home  front.  Increased  facilities 
for  postgraduate  studies  must  be  made  avail- 
able to  equip  nurses  for  their  new  responsi- 
bilities. There  were  a  number  of  new  ap- 
pointments to  standing  committees :  Mrs. 
Elliot,  as  convener  of  nominations  com- 
mittee; and  Miss  Marion  Macdonell,  as 
convener  of  press  and  publications  com- 
mittee. All  the  members  who  were  able 
to  attend  this  year's  annual  meeting  felt 
themselves  foitunate  to  have  had  the  oppor- 
tunity of  hearing  the  reports  and  listening 
to  the  leaders  of  the  various  nursing  fields. 
W'e  felt  that  even  more  than  this  had  been 
gained — we  left  Victoria  wth  new  vigour 
and  enthusiasm,  refrshed  by  contact  with  our 
fellow-members  in  different  branches  of 
nursing  and  encouraged  by  the  strength 
which  comes   from  unity. 

M.  Macdoxell 

Couvcncr,    Press    and   Publications 
Committee. 


The  M.A.R.N.  Annual  Meeting 


As  the  policies  of  all  nursing  organiza- 
tions at  the  present  time  are  immediately 
affected  by  wartime  conditions,  it  seemed 
fitting  that  the  theme  of  our  twenty-eighth 
annual  meeting  should  be  "Nursing  and  De- 
fence". Since  so  many  of  our  problems  are 
acute  and  affect  all  branches  of  the  pro- 
fession, nurses  from  all  parts  of  the  pro- 
vince were  ready  and  eager  to  participate 
in  the  valuable  discussions  which  took  place. 
W'e  were  gratified  to  find  that  many  of  the 
married  nurses  who  had  attended  the  re- 
fresher course  turned  out  to  a  number  of 
the  meetings  and  several  of  this  group  un- 
dertook full  responsibility  for  registration 
at  each  session. 

The  Rev.  Canon  Calvert  gave  the  Invo- 
cation and  the  Hon.  Ivan  Shultz  gave  the 
address     of     welcome.     Mrs.     C.     Jones     of 


Dauphin  ably  responded.  Reports  from  the 
following  graduate  nurses  associations  were 
heard  with  interest :  Brandon,  Dauphin, 
The  Pas,  Flin  Flon,  Portage  la  Prairie,  and 
Selkirk.  These  were  followed  by  reports  of 
the  activities  of  the  various  sections,  com- 
mittees, and  representatives  to  the  affiliated 
organizations.  These  reports  showed  evi- 
dence of  the  great  number  of  activities  and 
projects  which  have  been  given  serious 
consideration  during  the  past  year.  The 
executive  secretary,  treasurer  and  registrar 
and  her  assistant  reported  on  the  many  ac- 
tivities of  the  association.  Of  special  inte- 
rest was  an  analysis  made  of  the  needs  of 
the  province  for  the  education,  procurement 
and  assignment  of  professional  nursing  and 
auxiliary  nursing  service  in  relation  to  both 
military  and  civilian  hospitals  and  organiza- 


JUNE,  1942 


414 


THE   CANADIAN    NURSE 


tions.  In  order  to  provide  adequate  nursing 
personnel  to  meet  these  needs,  refresher 
courses  for  married  and  inactive  nurses 
were  held  and  home  nursing  classes  were 
organized    for    volunteer    aides. 

We  were  most  fortunate  in  obtaining  Miss 
Eula  A.  Butzerin  from  the  Department  of 
Nursing,  Chicago  University,  as  our  guest 
speaker.  Miss  Butzerin  gave  an  inspiring 
talk  at  a  well  attended  luncheon  meeting 
which  was  sponsored  by  the  public  health 
section,  as  well  as  an  address  entitled  "De- 
fence —  Today's  Challenge  in  Nursing"  at 
the  afternoon  session.  That  nurses  should 
be  prepared  to  serve  on  all  fronts,  was 
pointed  out.  They  should  be  well  informed 
regarding  diseases  prevalent  in  wartime, 
modern  first  aid  measures,  and  problems  of 
nutrition  and  emotional  hygiene.  They 
should  be  ready  to  co-operate  at  all  times, 
to  institute  a  public  information  program, 
to  seek  financial  aid  and  to  utilize  and  pool 
all  their  resources. 

Miss  Adella  McKee  in  her  presidential 
address,  reviewed  recent  developments  in  the 
field  of  public  health.  A  study  of  public 
health  activities  in  the  province  was  made 
recently  by  Dr.  Carl  E.  Buck,  Field  Di- 
rector of  the  American  Public  Health  As- 
sociation. Two  recommendations  resulting 
from  this  study  have  been  implemented  in 
the  city  of  Winnipeg:  (1)  the  amalgama- 
tion of  the  public  health  nursing  services ; 
(2)  the  undertaking  of  all  visiting  bedside 
nursing  service  by  the  Victorian  Order  of 
Nurses.  Consideration  is  being  given  to  the 
establishment  of  one  well  planned,  well 
staffed  health  and  welfare  unit  to  demon- 
strate what  can  be  done  to  provide  ade- 
quate local  health  and  welfare  services  and 
to  be  used  as  a  training  centre  for  public 
health  and  welfare  personnel.  Consideration 
was  also  given  to  the  importance  of  nutri- 
tion in  wartime  as  well  as  the  growth  of  in- 
dustrial nursing. 

In  reviewing  the  progress  and  develop- 
ments of  the  past  year.  Miss  G.  M.  Hall, 
school  of  nursing  advisor,  admitted  great 
difficulty  in  suggesting  plans  for  the  com- 
mg  year  because  of  constantly  changing 
needs.  Statistics  gathered  from  directors 
of  schools  of  nursing  were  quoted  regarding 


the  turnover  in  staff  since  September  1939. 
Five  hundred  and  thirty-five  nurses  in 
Manitoba  left  hospital  positions  during  this 
time  in  order  to  enlist  for  military  service, 
to  be  married,  or  to  take  other  positions  for 
reasons  such  as  increase  in  salary  or  better 
working  and  living  conditions.  The  rapid 
growth  of  graduate  staff  nursing,  along 
with  inadequate  salaries,  long  hours  of 
duty,  insufficient  help  and  poor  living  con- 
ditions create  a  serious  problem  for  the 
hospital  administrator.  The  education  of 
boards  of  directors,  conferences  with  med- 
ical men  regarding  the  demands  made  on 
nursing  service,  and  an  attempt  to  simplify 
nursing  procedures  were  suggested  as  a 
means  of  correcting  existing  conditions.  Ij 
was  shown  that  the  mobilization  of  wo- 
men for  war  services  is  having  an  effect 
upon  the  number  of  applicants  to  schools 
of  nursing. 

The  group  of  instructors  and  public 
health  nurses  who  are  giving  talks  on  nurs- 
ing as  a  profession  in  the  high  schools  are 
endeavoring  to  point  out  to  the  students  the 
advantages  of  preparing  themselves  for  an 
occupation  which  is  essentially  for  women. 
Consideration  is  being  given  the  possibility 
of  a  centralized  teaching  program  for  pre- 
liminary students  as  a  means  by  which 
standards  may  be  unified  and  maintained, 
adequately  prepared  instructors  obtained, 
and  students  may  advance  more  rapidly 
in  nursing  practice  having  received  a  proper 
foundation  in  the  basic  sciences.  It  was  sug- 
gested that  the  public  which  demands  so 
much  from  the  present  day  nurse  should  ac- 
cept some  responsibility  in  providing  the 
means  by  which  the  nurse  may  be  adequately 
prepared  to  render  the  variety  of  service 
required. 

During  the  afternoon  session  brief  ad- 
dresses were  given  by  Commander  E.  Orde, 
R.C.N.V.R.,  Colonel  P.  G.  Bell,  D.M.O., 
MD.,  Wing  Commander  A.  Si f ton,  R.C.- 
A.F.,  as  well  as  by  Dr.  D.  S.  MacKay  who 
spoke  of  "Plans  for  Civilian  Defence".  A 
most  interesting  symposium  on  the  medical 
and  nursing  care  of  poliomyelitis,  using 
the  Sister  Kenny  method,  was  presented  by 
Dr.  A.  E.  Deacon,  Mrs.  H.  Ross,  and  Miss 
A.    Carpenter    of    the    Children's    Hospital, 


Vol.  38  No.  6 


PROVINCIAL   ANNUAL    MEETINGS 


415 


on  Friday  evening.  The  Saturday  morning 
session  opened  with  a  lively  discussion  re- 
garding the  distribution  of  nurses  in  order 
to  meet  the  needs  of  the  community  from 
the  point  of  view  of  the  hospital,  the  pri- 
vate duty  nurse,  the  public  health  nurse,  and 
the  registrar.  Rev.  Sister  Clermont  outlined 
the  duties  in  hospitals  which  could  be  de- 
legated to  ward  helpers.  Mrs.  Vera  Harri- 
son presented  the  California  scheme  for 
the  utilization  of  private  duty  nurses  for 
emergency  needs.  Miss  P.  Hart  suggested 
measures  which  could  be  carried  out  by  the 
public  health  nurse  and  Miss  P.  Brownell 
pointed  out  some  of  the  problems  encoun- 
tered by  the  registrar.  An  address  entitled 
"Industrial  Health  —  The  Modern  Chal- 
lenge to  Nursing"  by  Miss  Butzerin  was 
particularly  interesting  to  the  public  health 
section  which  sponsored  this  session  with 
Miss  F.  King  in  the  chair.  The  strain  of 
industrial  life,  provisions  for  nursing  and 
medical  care,  loss  of  time  through  illness 
and  other  phases  of  health  in  industry  were 
considered.  First  aid  treatments  as  used  in 
industry  were  then  demonstrated  by  Miss 
Setka,  an  industrial  nurse. 

On  Saturday  afternoon  there  was  an 
exceptionally  large  attendance  to  hear  Dr. 
A.  T.  Mathers  discuss  war  neuroses,  and 
Dr.  D.  Nicholson  who  spoke  of  blood  banks 
and  their  operation,  followed  by  a  discus- 
sion of  the  nursing  care  following  blood 
transfusion,  by  Miss  Beryl  Seeman,  head 
nurse  at  the  Winnipeg  General  Hospital. 

Speaking  on  "Milestones  we  have  passed," 
Miss  Elsie  J.  Wilson,  convener  of  the  legis- 
lative committee  of  the  Manitoba  Associa- 
tion of  Registered  Nurses,  said  that  the 
registration  act  for  nurses,  passed  in  Mani- 
toba in  1913,  was  the  first  legislation  of  its 
kind  in  Canada.  With  this  and  subsequent 
amendments  to  the  Act  in  1920,  1923,  and 
1929,  it  was  hoped  that  the  needs  of  the 
nursing  profession  would  be  realized  by 
educational  authorities  of  the  province  and 
that  new  kinds  of  professional  training 
would  be  organized  by  the  province  as  the 
needs  became  manifest.  "Nurses  by  them- 
selves can  no  longer  cope  with  the  problem 
of  staffing  hospitals  and  providing  adequate 


nursing  service  for  the  people  of  Manitoba", 
said   Miss   Wilson. 

Following  the  installation  of  the  new 
officers,  the  president,  Mrs.  A.  C.  McFe- 
tridge,  presented  Miss  Eula  Butzerin  with 
a  "Bundles  for  Britain  V  for  Victory"  pin. 

A  very  successful  convention  was  cli- 
maxed by  the  annual  banquet  at  which  150 
nurses  gathered  to  enjoy  a  most  pleasant 
evening.  Captain  A.  M.  Pratt,  guest  speak- 
er, was  both  inspiring  and  assuring  as  he 
told  of  his  experiences  "over  there"  where 
pathos  and  humour  are  so  often  encountered 
side  by  side.  He  urged  that  we  keep  faith 
with  ourselves  and  our  ideals  of  freedom 
and  the  need  for  a  spiritual  force  to  defeat 
the  evil  threatening  civilization.  Miss  Lois 
Kelly,  social  convener,  and  her  committee 
were  again  to  be  congratulated  upon  the 
artistic  arrangements  of  the  banquet  and 
place  cards.  "The  Album  of  Nursing"  — 
a  tableau  in  twelve  scenes  depicting  the 
outstanding  personalities  in  the  history  of 
nursing  from  390  A.  D.  to  the  present  day 
nurses,  directed  by  Mrs.  W.  H.  Anderson 
with  Miss  K.  Parker  as  narrator,  was  a 
delightful  epilogue  to  an  exceptionally  en- 
joyable  program. 

It  was  most  encouraging  to  see  the  in- 
terest displayed  by  student  nurses  from 
schools  of  nursing  who  attended  many  of 
the  sessions  as  well  as  the  banquet.  The  fu- 
ture seems  much  brighter  when  their  enthu- 
siasm and  vitality  is  encountered  and  we 
feel  that  the  nursing  profession  will  go  on 
achieving  its  objectives  in  spite  of  the  grave 
problems  which  now  beset  us.  Exhibits  of 
ward  libraries,  classroom  projects  and  valu- 
able illustrative  material  were  on  display 
and  attracted  many  interested  spectators. 
The  students  of  one  hospital  contributed 
freshly  dissected  specimens  of  the  heart, 
kidney,  eye  and  lungs  which  demonstrated 
unerringly  the  value  of  such  classes  in  the 
teaching  of  anatomy  and  physiology.  In  ad- 
dition to  the  commercial  displays,  outstand- 
ing exhibits  were  sponsored  by  the  Depart- 
ment of  Health  and  Public  Welfare  and  the 
nutrition  department  of  the  Cancer  Institute. 

MARIO>r    BOTSFORD 

Assistant  Secretary,  M.A.R.N. 


JUNE,  1942 


The  R.N.A.O.  Annual  Meeting 


On  April  8,  9,  and  10,  1942,  the  Regis- 
tered Nurses  Association  of  Ontario  held 
their  seventeenth  annual  meeting  in  Wind- 
sor. Windsor  is  situated  at  the  south-west- 
ern end  of  the  province  and  regardless  of 
the  high  railway  fare  from  many  points, 
as  well  as  the  restriction  of  gas.  there  was 
a  good  representative  attendance  from  all 
parts  of  Ontario.  The  actual  registration  was 
327  including  47  student  nurses  as  repre- 
sentatives from  training  schools  throughout 
the  Province.  The  general  meeting  was 
opened  on  \Vednesday  afternoon  by  the 
president,  Miss  Jean  L.  Church.  The  dele- 
gates were  welcomed  by  a  representative 
from  the  City  Council  and  by  the  Chairman 
of  the  Distri-t.  The  president  read  greet- 
ings from  Miss  Grace  Fairley,  President, 
C.N. A.,  and  also  a  message  from  Miss  Jean 
S.  Wilson,  Executive  Secretary,  who  re- 
gretted that  it  was  impossible  for  her  to 
attend.  At  the  annual  banquet,  the  speaker 
was  Dr.  Douglas  Wilson,  associate  pro- 
fessor of  psychology.  University  of  Western 
Ontario,  and  his  address,  entitled  "Love, 
Laughter  and  Salad"  based  on  a  book  of  the 
same  name,  was  very  entertaining. 

The  open  meeting  on  Thursday  evening 
was  well  attended  and  took  the  form  of  a 
symposium  on  "Leadership"  including :  "The 
Fundamentals  of  Professional  Leadership" 
by  Miss  Marion  Lindeburgh,  M.A.,  Direc- 
tor, School  for  Graduate  Nurses,  McGill 
University ;  "Leadership  in  Public  Health 
Nursing"  by  Miss  Maude  Hall,  acting  chief 
superintendent,  Victorian  Order  of  Nurses 
for  Canada;  "Wanted  —  Leaders  in  the 
General  Nursing  Section"  by  Miss  Mada- 
lene  Baker,  chairman.  General  Nursing  Sec- 
tion, C.N. A.  These  addresses  were  very 
inspiring  both  to  the  nurses  and  to  the  pub- 
lic. Following  this  meeting,  the  nurses  of 
Windsor  entertained  the  delegates  at  an 
informal  reception.  We  appreciated  this 
opportunity  to  meet  fellow-members  and 
discuss  problems  which  it  was  impossible 
to  do  during  the  busy  days  of  meeting. 

On  Thursday  morning,  through  the  sym- 
pathetic co-operation  of  Dr.  R.  B.  Robson 
and    Mrs.    W.    H.    Cantelon,    arrangements 


were  made  for  conducted  tours  of  industrial 
plants.  The  nurses  were  divided  into  two 
groups,  one  going  to  the  Ford  Motor  Com- 
pany of  Canada  and  the  other  to  the  Chrys- 
ler Corporation.  The  student  nurses  were 
taken  through  the  Essex  Wire  Corporation. 
Transportation  to  and  from  the  plants  was 
provided  by  the  firms.  The  R.N.A.O.  ap- 
preciates the  courtesy  and  privilege  granted 
to  the  delegates.  The  opportunity  to  view 
the  activities  of  these  three  firms  engaged 
in  wartime  production  was  an  outstanding 
feature  and  will  be  long  remembered.  Fol- 
lowing the  tour  the  delegates  were  guests 
of  the  industrialists  of  Windsor  at  a  lunch- 
eon, when  the  speaker  was  Miss  Iva  Wait, 
R.X.,  Girls'  Counsellor  AC  Spark  Plug 
Division,  General  Motors  Corporation. 
Flint,  Michigan.  We  greatly  appreciated 
having  Miss  Wait  attend  our  meeting  to 
give  us  a  brief  history  of  industrial  nursing 
in  the  United  States  and  to  tell  of  the  de- 
velopment of  her  work  with  the  General 
Motors  Corporation.  In  the  afternoon  the 
Section  business  meetings  were  held  con- 
currently. 

The.  reports  of  the  standing  and  special 
committees  were  presented  on  Wednesday 
afternoon  and  at  the  sessions  on  Friday. 
The  membership  committee  reported  that  on 
December  31,  1941,  the  membership  was 
5,171  and  to  date  the  membership  for  1942 
was  4,226.  The  reports  of  the  administra- 
ti\e  and  trust  fund  committees  of  the  Per- 
manent Education  Fund  showed  that  in 
1941  loans  to  the  amount  of  $1,625  were 
granted,  and  since  1937  that  there  had  been 
32  loans,  mounting  to  $6,725,  granted.  It  is 
encouraging  to  note  that  ten  of  these  loans 
have  been  repaid  in  full  and  that  on  others 
regular  re-payments  are  being  made.  The 
suggested  revision  of  the  policy,  which  is 
considered  at  least  every  three  years,  was 
presented  and  discussed  and,  with  certain 
changes,  adopted.  As  $1,100  had  already 
been  granted  for  loans  in  1942  and  as  re- 
quests are  increasing,  the  general  meeting 
passed  a  recommendation  that  the  total 
amount  available  for  loans  in  1942  be  $2,000. 
The    nurses    are    requested   to   contribute   25 


416 


Vol.  38  No.  6 


PROVINCIAL    ANNUAL    MEETINGS 


417 


cents  towards  this  fund  when  renewing 
their  membership  or  when  making  applica- 
tion for  membership ;  this  request  will  be 
continued  and  the  committee  has  been  asked 
to  consider  ways  and  means  whereby  the 
fund  may  be  built  up  in  order  to  meet  the 
ever-increasing  demands.  The  convener  of 
the  aid  to  the  British  Nurses  Relief  Fund 
Committee  reported  that  since  February 
1941  the  total  contributions  received  and 
forwarded  to  National  Office  amounted  to 
$19,072.56. 

The  report  of  the  Committee  for  the 
Emergency  Nursing  Adviser  stated  briefly 
the  activities  of  this  committee  in  relation 
to  furthering  in  Ontario  the  recommenda- 
tions of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association. 
Miss  Kathleen  Ellis  was  in  Ontario  from 
March  6  to  19,  inclusive,  and  visited  seven 
centres.  Miss  Marjorie  Buck,  superintendent 
of  the  Norfolk  General  Hospital,  was  ap- 
pointed as  Emergency  Nursing  Adviser  in 
Ontario  to  act  in  conjunction  with  Miss 
Ellis.  Miss  Buck  presented  a  comprehensive 
report  on  her  work.  Following  discussion, 
a  recommendation  from  the  Committeee  on 
Nursing  Education  was  presented  and 
passed :  "That  this  committee  recommends 
strongly  to  the  Board  of  Directors,  Re- 
gistered Nurses  Association  of  Ontario,  that 
the  period  of  service  of  the  Ontario  Emer- 
gency Adviser  should  be  extended  for  as 
long  as  is  financially  possible,  since  in  two 
months  one  can  but  prepare  the  way  for 
effective   effort". 

The  Registry  Committee,  in  connection 
with  the  re-organization  and  the  organiza- 
tion of  registries,  has  been  very  active.  The 
report  presented  by  the  convener  recalled 
the  fact  that  at  the  annual  meeting  in  1941 
the  appointment  of  a  registry  organizer  was 
considered.  The  committee  recommended  that 
Miss  Madalene  Baker  be  the  appointee  and 
were  delighted  when  her  services  were  se- 
cured for  this  important  task.  Miss  Baker 
stated  that  ten  places  had  been  visited  on  a 
trip  through  Northern  Ontario  and  to  Fort 
William  and  Port  Arthur.  As  a  result,  a 
registry  was  organized  which  will  serve 
Fort  William  and  Port  Arthur,  and  another 
registry  was  organized  in  Sudbury.  Plans 
are  now  completed  in  Sault  Ste.  Marie  and 


are  under  consideration  in  North  Bay.  In 
several  centres,  they  are  foUow-ing  the  sug- 
gested set-up  as  far  as  possible.  Each  of 
these  registries  are  using  the  uniform  stand- 
ard record  cards,  the  constitution  and  the 
rules  and  regulations  as  suggested  bv  the 
Registry  Committee  and  approved  by  the 
Registered  Nurses  Association  of  Ontario. 
(We  would  like  to  add  that  since  this  meet- 
ing in  Windsor  the  Central  Registry  for 
Graduate  Nurses  in  Toronto  has  re-or- 
ganized and  that  Miss  Baker  is  now  on  a 
trip  through  Eastern  Ontario). 

The  Registry  Committee  also  reported 
the  demonstration  for  the  training  of  prac- 
tical nurses  conducted  by  the  London  Cen- 
tral Registry.  The  committee  recommended 
"That  the  Registry  Organizer  be  asked  to 
continue  with  the  work" ;  this  was  adopted 
by  the  general  meeting  and  the  Board  of 
Directors  report  that  Miss  Baker  is  willing 
to  carry  on  this  work. 

Among  the  other  reports  presented  was 
one  from  the  Council  of  Nurse  Education 
and  another  from  the  Canadian  Nurse  Cir- 
culation Committee  following  which  the 
delegates  were  pleased  to  hear  from  Miss 
Ethel  Johns,  editor  and  business  manager. 
Reports  were  also  received  from  the  com- 
mittees on  eight-hour  duty  for  nurses, 
health  insurance,  national  enrolment  of 
nurses,  and  history  of  nursing,  as  well  as 
from  our  representatives  to  the  Board  of 
Governors  of  the  Victorian  Order  of  Nurses 
for  Canada,  the  Canadian  Women's  Volun- 
tary Service,  the  Ontario  Civilian  Defence 
Committee,  and  the  Wartime  Prices  and 
Trade  Board.  The  Committee  on  Profes- 
sional and  Educational  Exhibits  were  ac- 
tive and  obtained  a  splendid  display  not  only 
of  interest  but  of  educational  value.  The 
exhibits  from  the  commercial  firms  were 
of  interest  to  all  and  the  Association  ap- 
preciate the  continued  co-operation  and  sup- 
port of  these  firms.  On  Thursday  the  dele- 
gates were  guests  of  the  Ladies'  Aids  of 
the  three  Windsor  hospitals  at  a  tea  and 
the  visiting  student  nurses  were  guests  of 
the  student  nurses  of  Hotel-Dieu  and  Grace 
Hospitals.  A  luncheon  was  also  arranged 
for  the  Canadian  Nurse  Circulation  Com- 
mittee. 


JUNE,   1942 


418 


THE   CANADIAN    NURSE 


The  officers  for  1942-43  are  president, 
Miss  Mildred  Walker,  London ;  first  vice- 
president,  Miss  Jean  Masten,  Toronto;  se- 
cond vice-president,  Miss  M.  Blanche  An- 
derson,    Ottawa ;     secretary-treasurer.    Miss 


Matilda  E.   Fitzgerald,   Toronto.   The  meet- 
ing in  1943  will  be  in  Toronto. 

Matilda  E.  Fitzgerald 

Secretary-Treasurer ,  R.N.A.O. 


Overseas  Mail 


Miss  Lorraine  Miller  has  kindly  sent 
us  some  interesting  excerpts  from  a 
letter  written  by  her  sister,  from  Sierra 
Leone,  West  Africa,  where  she  is  now 
stationed  with  her  husband,  who  is  a 
member  of  the  Royal  Navy.  She  is  a 
graduate  of  the  School  of  Nursing  of 
the  Winnipeg  General  Hospital. 

I  am  not  working  this  morning  so  here 
goes  for  the  weekly  letter,  everything  being 
under  control  and  the  "boys"  all  busy.  (I 
should  explain  that  the  "boys"  are  black 
native  servants).  Suri,  my  "small  boy", 
has  had  a  huge  swelling  on  his  neck  which 
the  Clinic  has  diagnosed  as  septic  lymphan- 
gitis. I  have  been  given  him  light  work 
and  keeping  him  here,  for  the  poor  fellow 
has  no  real  home  or  bed  to  go  to.  The  hot 
water  bag  came  in  handy  even  if  it  had 
perished  at  the  top.  I  mended  it  with  elas- 
toplast  and,  by  putting  just  a  little  water 
in  it,  we  managed  to  keep  up  continuous 
heat  and  to  bring  the  infection  to  a  head. 
It  was  quite  a  ceremony  this  putting  on  of 
fomentations.  I  had  an  audience  of  seven 
"boys",  with  eyes  wide  and  mouths  gaping, 
and  every  time  I  put  the  steaming  gauze  on 
Suri's  neck  everybody  squealed  except  Suri. 
The  heat  evidently  felt  really  good  to  him. 
I  feel  that  I  have  done  a  little  public  health 
work,  for  now  eight  "boys"  know  how  to 
prepare  and  apply  fomentations. 

Yesterday  I  had  a  very  interesting  and 
enlightening  time  when  I  was  taken  all 
over  the  local  hospital  for  natives.  It  is  a 
huge  place  consisting  of  a  number  of  se- 
parate buildings  of  two  floors  each,  con- 
nected  by   a   wide   and   airy   passage.    They 


have  a  resuscitation  ward  for  emergencies, 
male  and  female  medical  and  surgical  wards, 
a  children's  department,  two  operating  thea- 
tres, and  a  maternity  department  in  a  se- 
parate building.  The  wards  are  presided 
over  by  one  nurse,  male  or  female  as  the 
case  may  be,  Africans  of  course,  with  white 
Sisters  acting  as   supervisors. 

They  call  the  babies  "piccin"  and  they 
are  sweet  little  things,  so  quiet  and  good. 
One  "piccin"  of  eighteen  months  had  pneu- 
monia and  could  hardly  breathe.  The  super- 
visor told  the  nurse  to  sit  the  baby  up  but 
she  retorted  that  the  child  did  not  stay  in 
a  sitting  position.  I  could  not  help  taking 
a  couple  of  pillows  and  improvising  a  sort 
of  Fowler's  position  and  I  am  glad  to  say 
it  helped  the  baby  a  lot.  Another  "piccin", 
nine  months  old  and  well  developed,  had 
had  a  spina  bifida  removed  and  was  doing 
well.  The  most  interesting  case  was  a  "bush 
baby"  who  had  just  been  admitted  with 
some  unknown  eye  condition.  Her  eye  was 
so  swollen  it  looked  just  like  a  tennis  ball. 

The  maternity  was  my  chief  interest.  The 
bassinets  are  completely  draped  in  mosquito 
netting  and  are  supported  on  an  iron  frame 
over  the  foot  of  the  mother's  bed.  The 
"piccins"  have  no  identification  w^hatsoever 
but  the  nurses  assured  me  that  they  knew 
each  one  and  never  mixed  them.  The  na- 
tive mothers  are  gradually  coming  to  the 
hospital  to  have  their  babies  but  usually 
discharge  themselves  on  the  third  or  fourth 
daj.  The  "piccins"  are  washed  every  day 
and  the  mothers  are  shown  how  to  do  it. 
Although  they  wear  nothing  and  play  around 
in  dirt  as  soon  as  they  can  walk,  the  child- 
ren do  keep  fairly  clean.  They  are  bathed 
in   cold   water   twice   a   day   and   oiled,   and 


VoL  38  No.  6 


OVERSEAS   MAIL 


419 


their  little  brown  bodies  gleam  in  the  sun- 
shine. The  mothers  are  given  extra  milk 
but  like  their  rice  best  of  all.  One  "piccin" 
had  a  beautifully  shaped  head  and  curly 
brown  hair  —  his  mother  was  only  fifteen 
but  looked  twenty-five  and  said  this  was 
"the  first  piccin  she  done  born". 

A  little  girl  had  been  brought  in  from 
up-country  with  a  compound  fracture  of 
the  leg,  five  inches  of  femur  sticking  out 
of  the  flesh  just  above  the  knee.  The  in- 
jury was  a  week  old,  the  bone  dead  and 
sloughing  away  and  they  did  not  expect 
her  to  live.  However  she  did.  The  dead 
bone  cleaned  itself  up,  and  there  was  no 
further  gangrene,  so  they  did  a  reduction 
and  applied  traction,  and  the  child  is  recov- 
ering, though  one  leg  is  shorter  than  the 
other  and   drawn  inwards   like  a  club   foot. 


I  also  saw  a  man  who  had  had  a  ruptured 
bladder  for  three  days  before  it  was  dia- 
gnosed, but  did  he  get  peritonitis?  No,  they 
just  stitched  up  the  bladder,  inserted  a  ca- 
theter drain,  and  he  is  doing  well.  There 
was  also  a  splenectomy,  a  youngster  about 
eleven  who  did  not  know  a  word  of  Eng- 
lish, but  had  heard  the  word  "spleen"  so 
often  that  when  the  Sister  asked  him  how 
he  was  he  replied,  "Spleen  palaver".  The 
anaesthetist  is  African,  trained  in  the  United 
States,  and  is  very  good.  Incidentally,  the 
obstetrical  Sister  delivers  all  cases  unless 
they  are  complicated. 

The  newspapers  and  magazines  are  simply 
grand,  and  we  pass  them  all  on  to  our 
friends  here.  The  Canadian  Nurse  usually 
goes  to  the  nurses  at  the  Connaught  Hos- 
pital. 


S.  R.  N.  A.  Head  Nurse  Institute 


sponsored  by  the  Saskatchewan  Regis- 
tered Nurses  Association,  Miss  Ida  Mac- 
Donald,  assistant  professor  of  Nursing  Edu- 
cation in  the  University  of  Minnesota,  re- 
cently conducted  a  highly  successful  "Head 
Nurse  Institute",  first  in  Regina,  and  later 
in  Saska:toon.  Her  stimulating  message,  pre- 
sented in  four  formal  sessions  plus  many 
incidental  contacts,  was  thought-provoking 
and  practical.  It  was  a  challenge  that  we 
analyse  our  methods  and  attitudes  and  bore 
a  wide  application  to  general  and  specific 
nursing  problems  in  the  field  of  clinical 
teaching  and  ward  administration.  A  totdl 
registration  of  160  nurses  was  an  index  of 
the  enthusiastic  response  of  institutional, 
public  health  and  private  duty  nurses  of  the 
two  centres  and  surrounding  towns.  In  Re- 
gina, the  sessions  were  supported  by  nurses 
from  the  Regina  General  Hospital,  Grey 
Nuns  Hospital  and  the  surrounding  towns 
of  Indian  Head,  Maple  Creek,  Swift  Current 
and  Moose  Jaw.  In  Saskatoon,  nurses  from 
Mel  fort,  Humboldt,  North  Battle  ford,  York- 
ton,  Prince  Albert,  Eatonia,  St.  Paul's  Hos- 
pital, Saskatoon,  and  Saskatoon  City  Hos- 
pital were  present. 


In  Saskatoon,  the  chairman  of  the  Insti- 
tute, Miss  D.  Bjarnason,  supervisor.  Saska- 
toon City  Hospital,  opened  the  first  session 
at  St.  Paul's  Hospital  by  welcoming  home 
Miss  Ellis,  who  has  lately  returned  from 
her  duties  as  Emergency  Adviser  to  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association.  The  program 
followed  this  broad  outline :  the  place  of  the 
head  nurse  in  the  organization ;  personnel 
policies ;  analysis  of  nursing  needs  and  dis- 
tribution of  nursing  hours;  methods  of  as- 
signments ;  problems  related  to  the  adminis- 
tration of  medications ;  supervision  of  stu- 
dents' first  performance  of  a  procedure  on 
the  ward.  At  luncheon.  Miss  MacDonald 
spoke  of  the  adjustments  being  made  in  the 
United  States  to  meet  the  present  war  emer- 
gency. The  afternoon  session  closed  with 
two  splendid  demonstrations.  Miss  Ronan, 
B.Sc,  of  the  teaching  department  at  St. 
Paul's  Hospital,  presented  a  lesson  to  a 
class  of  preliminary  students  in  microbiology, 
showing  its  relation  to  the  clinical  field. 
Sister  Mandin,  also  of  the  teaching  depart- 
ment, St.  Paul's  Hospital,  then  illustrated 
the  teaching  opportunities  in  a  student's  first 
demonstration  of  a  procedure  on  the  wards. 


JUNE,  1942 


420 


THE   CANADIAN    NURSE 


choosing  the  administration  of  a  hypodermic 
as  an  example.  She  demonstrated  most  clear- 
ly the  importance  of  an  understanding  at- 
titude to  create  a  pleasant  and  helpful  stu- 
dent-supervisor   relationship. 

The  program  of  the  second  day  was  con- 
ducted at  Saskatoon  City  Hospital  and  dealt 
with  the  planning  of  the  student's  clinical 
experience.  A  demonstration  was  given  by 
Miss  MacDonald  of  an  initial  conference 
with  a  student  when  coming  to  a  new  serv- 
ice. Miss  Tedford,  supervisor,  obstetrical 
department,  Saskatoon  City  Hospital,  with 
students  from  her  department,  outlined  the 
morning  circle  using  as  an  example  the 
clinical  study  of  an  eclamptic  toxemic  pa- 
tient.  A   bedside   clinic,   conducted   by   Miss 


James,  supervisor,  Saskatoon  City  Hospital, 
illustrated  excellent  student  participation  ir» 
the    study    of    a    diabetic    patient,    t 

Miss  E.  Pearston,  superintendent,  Melfort 
Hospital,  expressed  the  appreciation  of  Sas- 
katchewan nurses  to  Miss  MacDonald  and 
Miss  Diederichs,  instructor,  Gray  Nuns 
Hospital,  Regina,  president  of  the  Saskat- 
chewan Registered  Nurses  Association,  pre- 
sented a  small  token  of  esteem  to  Miss  Mac- 
Donald on  behalf  of  the  S.R.N. A.  Miss 
MacDonald's  enthusiastic  attitude,  helpful 
instruction  and  effective  demonstration,  will 
do  much  to  stimulate  a  program  of  clinical 
ward  teaching  in  the  schools  of  nursing  in 
this   Province. 

—  Dorothy  Duff 


Student  Nurses  at  the  R.N.A.O. 


Under  cover  of  darkness  by  night,  or  rain 
and  snow  by  day,  we  student  nurses  invaded 
Windsor  in  order  to  attend  the  annual  meet- 
ing of  the  R.N.A.O.  Privileged  to  penetrate 
into  all  but  private  rooms,  we  spent  the 
better  part  of  three  days,  attending  business 
sessions,  viewing,  exhibits,  visiting,  eating, 
and  enjoying  each  other's  company  with  the 
friendly  inquisitiveness  of  people  belonging 
to  the  same  profession.  All  three  days  were 
as  lively  as  any  spent  on  a  hospital  floor. 
Never  before  have  we  realized  quite  so 
fully  what  a  great  deal  of  steady  and  some- 
times unappreciated  work  goes  on  within 
a  nurses'  organization.  Nor  do  we  know 
many  of  the  women  who  carry  on  such  ac- 
tivities but  it  is  due  to  their  efforts  that  we 
benefit  from  new  and  progressive  ideas,  and 
support  and  due  credit  should  be  given  them. 
We  applauded  silently  these  women  who 
could  with  perseverance  and  deep  interest 
carry  on  through  three  days  of  heavy  busi- 
ness, and  remain  apparently  fresh  and  un- 
fatigued. 

These  sessions  concerned  the  students 
quite  intimately,  especially  as  means  for 
improving  our  education  and  welfare  were 
discussed    at    some    length.    It    is    becoming 


evident  that  nurses  will  be  increasingly  ne- 
cessary in  hospital,  home  and  industry,  and 
for  this  education  in  many  forms  is  ne- 
cessary. The  means  of  providing  this  edu- 
cation received  much  thought,  and  it  was 
suggested  that,  if  nursing  is  to  be  made  a 
definitely  educational  and  cultural  profes- 
sion serving  the  public,  the  best  class 
of  candidates  should  be  attracted  to  it. 

The  professional  exhibits  attracted  many 
of  us.  There  were  several  on  the  history  of 
nursing,  others  on  nursing  in  the  army, 
an  isolation  unit  and  posters  on  every  con- 
ceivable subject  connected  with  nursing. 
Much  care  and  labour  must  have  been 
needed  to  complete  any  one  of  them.  The 
tour  to  the  Essex  Wire  Plant  was  an  ad- 
venture for  us  all  and  there  we  were  shown 
the  office  and  duties  of  an  industrial  nurse. 
And  lastly,  none  of  us  will  forget  the  plea- 
sant tea  at  Hotel-Dieu  and  the  good  time 
we  had  seeing  through  the  hospital  after- 
wards. It  was  with  regret  that  we  took 
leave  of  our  hospitable  hosts  and  newly-made 
friends. 

Ruth  Lawford 

Brockville  General  Hospital 


Vol.  38  No.  6 


STUDENT   NURSES   PAGE 


Case  Study  of  Treatment  of  Haemolitic  Jaundice 

Barbara  Convery 

Student  Nurse 

Mack    Training   School^  St.   Catharines  General  Hosfital. 


In  introducing  this  case  study,  it  is 
necessary  to  explain  that  it  has  been 
written  purely  as  such.  It  is  designed 
to  stress  the  fact  that  nursing  can  be  so 
much  more  interesting,  so  much  more 
inspiring,  and  can  call  forth  the  best  in 
one,  if  the  nurse  sees  the  reasoning  be- 
hind her  nursing  procedures.  It  is  often 
said  nurses  are  too  mechanical,  too  uni- 
maginative in  their  work.  This  indeed 
is  true  in  many  instances  but  it  is  a 
fault  that  we  can  correct  by  having  in- 
quiring minds.  Whether  or  not  we  know 
why  we  are  doing  what  we  are  doing 
makes  the  difference  between  good 
nursing  and  indifferent  nursing. 

The  patient,  a  boy  of  twenty,  was 
admitted  to  hospital  for  splenectomy 
with  the  typical  symptoms  of  haemolytic 
jaundice.  He  had  the  greenish  jaundice 
and  icteric  apf>earance  of  the  eyeballs 
due  to  the  amount  of  bilirubin  in  the 
blood,  and  the  easy  haemolysis  of  red 
cells.  He  appeared  under-developed  and 
undernourished.  The  spleen  was  pal- 
pable from  under  the  rib  margin  to 
below  the  umbilicus.  Laboratory  tests 
revealed  his  haemoglobin  to  be  38%, 
and  red  cell  count^  3,000,000.  There 
was  increased  fragility  of  red  cells,  a 
finding  constant  in  all  cases  of  familial 
haemolytic    jaundice    before    and    after 


splenectomy — that  is,  red  cells  are  more 
readily  haemolized  in  a  hypotonic  solu- 
tion  of  sodium   chloride. 

Because  patients  with  haemoglobin 
of  less  than  60%  and  a  low  red  cell 
count  are  not  considered  good  operative 
risks,  the  boy  was  typed  for  transfusion. 
In  typing  the  donors,  it  was  found  that 
his  brother  had  the  same  type  of  blood 
— that  is,  small  cell  volume  and  similar 
gold-coloured  serum  (a  finding  in  anae- 
mia). He  also  had  a  low  haemoglobin, 
exactly  the  same  cell  volume  as  his 
brother.  This  fact  further  proved  the 
diagnosis  of  familial  rather  than  ac- 
quired haemolytic  jaundice.  Apparently, 
from  personal  history,  the  patient  had 
experienced  none  of  the  crises  of  vo- 
miting and  pain  usually  attendant  upon 
the  disease.  As  a  preparation  for  opera- 
tion, a  transfusion  of  400  c.c.  of  citrated 
blood  was  given  pre-operatively,  and  a 
transfusion  was  also  given  during  the 
operation.  As  a  result,  the  patient's  hae- 
moglobin was  raised  to  58%  and  his 
red  cell  count  to  5,480,000.  Pre-opera- 
tively his  clotting  time  stood  at  2^ 
minutes. 

The  spleen  was  removed  through  a 
left  rectus  incision.  The  connecting 
vessels,  which  appeared  to  be  normal, 
except  that  some  were  longer  than  usual. 


JUNE,  1942 


421 


422 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


were  tied  off.  They  showed  no  evi- 
dence of  calcified  areas,  and  the  h'ver 
also  appeared  normal.  The  spleen  itself 
was  four  times  the  normal  size,  weigh- 
ing 1100  gms.  and  was  quite  adherent 
to  the  diaphragm.  The  patient's  imme- 
diate post-operative  condition  was  fairly 
good.  An  intravenous  of  1000  c.c.  of 
5%  glucose  in  normal  saline  had  been 
started  in  the  operating  room.  How- 
ever, on  the  first  day  post-operative, 
he  developed  an  acute  dilatation  of  the 
stomach  and  the  temperature  rose  to 
103  degrees  and  his  pulse  to  120.  The 
pulse  and  heart  action  were  of  poor 
quality  because  the  heart  muscle  had 
been  poorly  nourished  for  years  due  to 
the  anaemia,  and  was  not  prepared  to 
bear  the  extra  strain.  At  intervals  the 
pulse  was  racing,  130-180,  and  the 
heart  action  was  of  a  "rolling"  type. 
A  50-50  mixture  of  oxygen  and  air  was 
administered  along  with  digitalin  gr. 
1/100  at  these  periods.  In  this  parti- 
cular case,  digitalin  proved  a  very  sa- 
tisfactory heart  tonic;  each  time  it  was 
given,  the  pulse  became  steadier  and 
the  beat  more  distinct.  The  oxygen 
was  of  definite  value  as  a  stimulant  and 
stabilizer.  Naturally  nursing  care  was 
of  major  importance  here.  The  patient 
might  easily  have  died  during  any  one 
of  these  periods,  if  they  had  been  missed 
and  prompt  action  on  the  part  of  the 
nurses  had  not  been  taken.  For  this 
reason  it  is  important  for  nurses  to  have 
a  good  knowledge  of  the  physiology  of 
a  case.  Perfunctory  nursing  is  not 
enough. 

As  treatment  of  the  dilatation,  a  Le- 
vine  tube  was  passed,  and  left  in  posi- 
tion for  three  days.  There  was  profuse 
drainage  of  dark,  reddish  brown  fluid, 
and  later  of  green  fluid.  Pitressin  0.5 
was  given  every  four  hours  for  seven 
doses.  The  patient  was  allowed  nothing 
by  mouth  for  three  days,  but  an  intra- 
venous of  5%  glucose  in  normal  saline 


was  administered  continuously,  and  ice 
chips  to  suck  ad  lib.  On  the  second  day 
a  small  enema  was  given  with  satis- 
factory results,  and  the  abdomen  grad- 
ually became  softer.  However  the  tem- 
perature continued  to  rise  to  104  de- 
grees— 105  degrees,  and  periods  of 
weakened  heart  action  recurred.  Exam- 
ination of  the  chest  revealed  only  slight 
crepitant  rales  in  the  left  base,  indi- 
cating moisture  in  alveoli,  but  no  im- 
paired resonance.  This  condition  prob- 
ably was  caused  by  the  freeing  of  the 
spleen  from  the  diaphragm,  but  in  any 
case  not  sufficient  to  warrant  such  a 
high  temperature.  Soludagenan  was' 
given  more  as  a  prophylactic  than  as  a 
therapeutic   measure. 

From  these  facts,  it  was  concluded 
that  the  patient  was  developing  a  portal 
thrombosis,  one  of  the  commonest  com- 
plications of  splenectomy.  It  was  at  this 
point  that  heparin,  among  the  newest 
of  medical  wonders,  made  its  entrance. 
At  3.30  on  the  morning  of  the  second 
day  post-operative,  the  first  dose  of 
1000  units  was  given  in  the  solution  of 
5%  glucose  in  normal  saline.  The 
course  of  treatment  in  this  case  was  not 
typical,  nor  were  the  results.  The  dose 
varied  from  800  units  per  hour  to  4000 
units  per  hour,  given  in  5%  glucose  in 
normal  saline  running  at  the  rate  of  35- 
50  drops  a  minute,  until  120,000  units 
had  been  given.  The  clotting  time  which 
was  checked  every  three  hours,  using 
capillary  tube  method,  started  at  six 
minutes  after  7000  units  of  heparin  had 
been  given  and  fell  to  one  minute  after 
16,000  units.  At  this  point  the  T.P.R. 
was  105  degrees,  160,  36,  and  the  pa- 
tient appeared  to  be  dying.  This  crisis, 
in  which  clotting  time  drops  to  almost 
nothing,  is  apparently  typical  of  the  ac- 
tion of  heparin.  Twenty  thousand  units 
were  given  within  the  next  five  hours, 
and  the  clotting  time  began  to  rise,  not 
steadily,    but    varying    back    and    forth 

Vol.  38  No.  6 


HAEMOLITIC    JAUNDICE 


423 


from  nine  to  three  minutes.  The  dose 
was  reduced  to  2000  units  and  then 
to  1500  units  per  hour,  until  suddenly 
on  the  third  morning  the  clotting  time 
rose  to  twenty  minutes,  and  the  heparin 
was  stopped.  Three  hours  later  the 
clotting  time  went  down  to  three  min- 
utes, and  heparin  was  administered 
again,  until  120,000  units  in  all  had 
been  given.  This  is  a  short  course  of 
heparin  treatment.  It  was  interesting 
to  no^'e  that  after  the  crisis  the  tempera- 
ture began  to  drop  to  103  degrees  — 
101  degrees  and  did  not  rise  again. 
The  pulse-rate  also  went  down  and  the 
digitalin  was  stopped  because  of  its 
toxicity.  The  clotting  time  finally  settled 
at  a  constant  of  four  minutes. 

Here  again,  in  the  administration  of 
the  heparin  and  during  this  period  of 
high  temp>erature,  nursing  care 
played  an  important  part.  It  was  neces- 
sary to  see  that  the  intravenous  was  runr 
ning  at  the  proper  rate,  and  it  was  es- 
sential that  the  clotting  time  be  checked 
frequently  and  accurately.  Cold  sponges 
were  given  every  three  to  four  hours, 
and  although  they  proved  of  little  value 
in  reducing  temperature,  they  helped 
keep  the  patient  comfortable  and  re- 
freshed, and  the  temperature  from  go- 
ing higher.  This  was  a  factor  in  this 
case  because  this  patient  put  up  a  really 
amazing  fight  for  life. 


Subsequently  his  temperature  went 
down  to  normal,  his  pulse  levelled  off 
at  80,  and  the  pre-operative  jaundice 
disappeared.  After  one  day  of  exhausted 
sleep,  during  which  he  was  very  pale, 
the  change  was  dramatic:  his  cheeks 
became  a  normal,  healthy  pink,  his  ap- 
petite was  excellent,  his  sense  of  well- 
being  and  disregard  for  his  illness  were 
astounding.  He  was  discharged  on  the 
fourteenth  day  post-operative  with  a 
prognosis  of  from  ten  to  twentv  years 
of  fairly  normal  life. 

Instructor's  Note :  This  case  study  was 
written  by  a  third-year  student  nurse  and 
makes  no  pretence  at  being  a  nursing  study. 
The  work  was  done  primarily  for  the  stu- 
dent's own  satisfaction  and  on  her  own  ini- 
tiative, and  she  has  explained  the  reasons  for 
her  effort.  The  study  was  submitted  to  the 
surgeon  in  charge  of  the  patient,  and  to  the 
hospital  pathologist.  The  reference  books 
from  which  she  received  most  help  were 
Boyd's  "Surgical  Pathology",  and  "Pathol- 
ogy in  Internal  Diseases".  The  question  is 
often  raised  as  to  the  advisability  of  a  stu- 
dent's attempting  to  go  beyond  the  recog- 
nized limits  of  the  nursing  aspects  of  a 
case  study.  In  this  instance,  the  fact  that  the 
student  did  an  excellent  piece  of  work  in 
her  care  of  the  patient,  would  seem  to 
show  that  her  interest  in  the  theoretical  as- 
pects of  the  case  had  proved  an  incentive 
of  great  value  in  her  effort  to  do  nursing 
worthy  of  the  name. 


Ontario  Public  Health  Nursing  Service 


Miss  Bessie  Skimver  (Toronto  General 
Hospital  and  University  of  Toronto  public 
health  nursing  course)  and  Miss  Alberta 
Upshall  (Toronto  General  Hospital  and 
University  of  Toronto  public  health  nurs- 
ing course)  have  been  appointed  to  the  staff 
of  the  Guelph  Board  of  Health.  The  nurs- 
ing service  of  this  Board  is  being  extended 
and  Miss  Ethel  Eby  has  been  appointed  su- 
pervising nurse. 


Miss  Lorraine  Larsen  (St.  Michael's 
Hospital  and  University  of  Toronto  public 
health  nursing  course)  is  now  with  the 
Board  of  Health  at  Owen  Sound. 

Miss  Gladys  Jackson  (Toronto  General 
Hospital  and  University  of  Toronto  public 
health  nursing  course)  has  been  appointed 
senior  nurse  on  the  Woodstock  Board  of 
Health. 

Miss  Helen  Gardner  (St.  Luke's  Hospital, 


JUNE.   1942 


424 


THE   CANADIAN    NURSE 


New  York  City,  and  University  of  Toronto 
public  health  nursing  course)  is  assisting 
Miss  Jackson  at  present. 

Miss   Jessie   F.    Smith    (Toronto    General 
Hospital  and  University  of  British  Columbia 


public  health  nursing  course)  has  accepted 
the  post  of  public  health  nurse  at  Parry 
Sound.  This  is  a  new  service  and  the  program 
will  include  communicable  disease,  tuber- 
culosis  and  school  nursing. 


EXHIBITORS  AT  THE  GENERAL  MEETING 


Nurses  once  more  will  have  the  pleas- 
ure of  visiting  the  exhibits  of  several 
business  firms  whose  representatives  will 
be  with  us  again  this  year  at  the  General 
Meeting.  The  booths  will  be  in  the 
Rose  Room  of  the  Windsor  Hotel. 
Nurses  will  be  welcomed  and  informa- 
tion given  on  the  products  displayed. 
The  following  list  includes  only  those 
firms  who  had  made  reservarions  be- 
fore May   1. 

Bristol-Myers   Company   of   Canada 
Limited 

Montreal,  Que.  Booth  No.  2 

Bristol-Myers  Company  of  Canada  Limited 
will  have  an  exhibit  in  which  three  of  their 
well-known  products  will  be  featured :  Sal 
Hepatica,  Ipana  Tooth  Paste,  and  Mum 
Deodorant. 

A  recent  survey  of  a  representative 
group  of  Canadian  homes  shows  Sal  Hepa- 
tica to  be  the  most  versatile  of  a  whole 
list  of  products  used  to  treat  conditions  of 
the  digestive  and  eliminative  tracts.  Not  only 
does  it  show  up  as  a  popular  laxative,  but 
also  as  being  widely  used  in  treatment  of 
upset  stomach,  headaches,  colds,  rheumatic 
pains,  kidney  and  liver  disorders,  and  as 
a  general  "tone-up"  of  the  system.  Ipana 
Tooth  Paste  is  one  of  the  most  widely  used 
dentifrices,  especially  designed  to  aid  gums 
to  health  firmness,  as  well  as  to  keep  teeth 
bright  and  sparkling.  It  is  used  personally 
by  more  dentists  than  any  other  dentifrice. 

Mum,  of  course,  is  the  popular  cream  deo- 
dorant that  completely  stops  objectionable 
perspiration  odor  without  hindering  health- 
ful perspiration.  It  is  the  most  popular  un- 
derarm deodorant  for  daily  use,  and  is  also 
widely  used  on  sanitary  napkins  and  pers- 
piring feet. 


The   Macmillan   Company   of   Canada 
Limited 

Toronto,  Ontario.  Booth  No.  7 
The  Macmillan  Company  of  Canada  Lim- 
ited extends  to  Macmillan  and  Company 
Limited  of  London  every  good  wish  in  its 
Centenary  year.  A  hundred  years  of  book 
publishing  is  a  long  record  and  The  Mac- 
millans'  list  of  authors  is  an  honourable 
record  of  great  names. 

Past  achievement,  however,  is  only  of 
value  as  an  incentive  to  present  effort  and 
it  is  our  sincere  hope  that  we  are  building 
a  reputation  that  will  carry  on  the  tradition 
of  service  set  by  our  founders.  With  pride 
in  our  parentage  we  remember  that  today 
we  stand  on  our  own  feet  — •  a  Canadian 
Company  in  name  and  in  fact.  At  the  Mac- 
millan Exhibit  you  will  find  a  display  of 
new  and  standard  nursing  texts  and  nurs- 
ing literature  of  especial  interest  in  every 
field. 

J.  B.   Lippincott  Company 

Philadelphia  Montreal  London,  Booth  No.  8 
J.  B.  Lippincott  Company  offers  an  in- 
teresting display  of  Nursing  Text  and  Re- 
ference Books.  Particularly  emphasized  is 
the  demonstration  of  basic  text  books  now 
co-ordinated  for  easier  and  better  teaching. 
The  correlation  of  texts  in  Medical  Nurs- 
ing, Surgical  Nursing,  Nutrition  and  Phar- 
macology has  proved  itself  to  be  an  ini-' 
portant  step  in  the  progress  of  Nursing 
Education. 

Be  sure  to  see  the  display  of  clinical  books 
for  the  graduate  nurse. 

J.  B.  Lippincott  Company  celebrates 
150    years    of    publishing    in    1942. 

A.  Wander  Limited 

Peterborough.  Canada.  Bc^oth  No.  9 
New   Improved  Ovaltine  will  be   featured 
at  an  exhibit  of  A.  Wander  Limited.   New 


Vol.  38  No.  6 


EXHIBITORS 


425 


Improved  Ovaltine  has  been  available  now 
for  almost  a  year.  This  product  contains 
much  more  than  ever  before  vitamins  A,  Bi, 
and  D  and  the  minerals  calcium,  phosphorus, 
and  iron.  The  appearance  and  flavour  of 
this  delicious  beverage  has  not  been  altered, 
but  its  nutritional  value  has  been  greatly 
enhanced.  All  those  attending  the  convention 
will  be  welcome  at  the  Wander  booth,  where 
Ovaltine  will  be  served,  and  Mr.  C.  W. 
Stew-art,  who  will  be  in  charge  of  the  ex- 
hibit, will  be  pleased  to  give  full  information 
regarding  all  Wander  products. 

Gibbons   Quickset   Jelly   Powder    8C 
Desserts 

Toronto,    Ontario.    Booth    No.    10 
Greetings  from  Gibbons!  At  Shirriffs  ex- 
hibit a  cold  glass  of  Lime  Rickey  is  waiting 
for  you  —  With  our  Compliments. 

Ayerst,  McKenna  8C  Harrison,  Ltd. 

Montreal,   Que.   Booth   No.    11 

Ayerst,  McKenna  &  Harrison  Limited 
will  feature  their  group  of  Vitamin  B  com- 
plex preparations  which  are  known  by  the 
name  "Beminal".  This  group,  comprising 
six  distinct  products,  offers  a  variety  of 
forms  and  potencies  of  vitamin  B  complex 
to  facilitate  the  selection  of  treatment  to 
suit  individual  requirements.  In  the  high 
potency  field,  "Beminal"  Tablets  and  "Be- 
minal" Concentrate  provide  convenient 
forms  for  oral  administration  and  "Beminal" 
Injectable  is  designed  to  meet  the  need  for 
potent  B  Complex  when  parenteral  therapy 
is  desirable.  "Beminal"  Liquid,"  "Bemi- 
nal" Compound,  and  "Beminal"  Granules 
are  effective  in  cases  of  the  less  severe  de- 
ficiencies. 

Among  the  other  Ayerst  products  to  be 
shown  is  included  "Alphamin",  a  biological- 
ly standardized  preparation,  which  fur- 
nishes a  convenient  means  of  supplementing 
the  diet  with  essential  vitamins  and  minerals 
during  pregnancy  and  lactation,  adolescence 
and   convalescence. 

The  Denver  Chemical  Company 

New  York  &  Montreal.  Booth  No.  12 

In  booth  No.  12  Antiphlogistine  will  be 
exhibited.  This,  the  original  kaolin  cata- 
plasm,  a    favorite    product   with   nurses    for 


a  half -century,  is  used  by  physicians  every- 
where in  the  treatment  of  inflammatory  and 
congestive  conditions.  Antiphlogistine,  in  a 
class  by  itself,  now  as  always,  has  never 
been   successfully   imitated. 

Galatest,  the  dry  reagent  for  the  instan- 
taneous detection  of  urine  sugar,  will  also 
be  exhibited.  This  product,  now  used  rou- 
tinely by  many  leading  hospitals  and  by 
more  and  more  private  practitioners  every 
day,  is  accurate,  speedy,  economical  and 
labor-saving.  Be  sure  to  see  Galatest  de- 
monstrated. "- 

Lehn  &  Fink  (Canada)  Ltd. 

Toronto,  Ontario.  Booth  No.  14 
Nurses  will  be  particularly  interested  in 
this  attractive  display  of  Hinds  Honey  & 
Almond  Cream,  Hinds  Hand  Cream,  Hinds 
Deodorant  Cream,  Pebeco  Tooth  Paste  and 
Powder — and  the  lovely  Dorothy  Gray  line 
of  cosmetics.  These  products  have  leaped 
to  a  new  high  in  Canadian  popularity.  A 
complete  variety  of  colours,  shades  and  sizes 
of  Dorothy  Gray  face  creams,  powders,  lip- 
sticks, etc.  will  bring  you  right  up-to-date 
on  the  latest  available  creations. 

Lysol,  by  far  the  most  popular  and  wide- 
ly used  antiseptic  and  disinfectant  in  Can- 
ada for  over  50  years,  will  also  be  on  dis- 
play. Lysol  is  available  in  three  sizes  to 
consumers  in  all  drug  stores  from  coast 
to  coast.  Lysol  is  also  available  to  hos- 
pitals in  large  quantity  containers  at  a  re- 
duced price.  Lysol  is  a  proven  product  — 
extremely  popular  for  feminine  hygiene  and 
as  a  household  disinfectant.  Lysol  has  a 
phenol  co-efficient  of  5.  Lysol  is  economical, 
because  it  is  concentrated  and  requires  dilu- 
tion with  water ;  it  is  dependable,  effective, 
has  a  cleanly  odour,  retains  its  powerful 
germ-killing  strength  indefinitely.  Complete 
instructions  are  included  with  every  bottle. 
Right  now  Lysol  is  featuring  a  special 
booklet,  "Wartime  Manual  for  Housewives", 
which  will  be  given  away  free  by  the  dealer 
with  each  Lysol  purchase.  This  well-written 
booklet  is  packed  with  helpful  information 
and  is  arousing  much  interest. 

;G.  H.  Wood  &  Company  Limited 

Toronto,  Ontario.  Booths  15  &  16 
G.   H.   Wood  &   Coftipany,   Limited,   have 


JUNE,  1942 


426 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


planned  a  very  large  interesting  display  foi 
the  forthcoming  annual  Convention  at 
Montreal.  We  would  especially  draw  yuur 
attention  to  their  presentation  of  "Embossed 
Linenized  Paper  Tray  Covers".  It  is  quite 
apparent  that  these  Tray  Covers  are  prov- 
ing very  popular  as  a  substitute  for  linen. 
Many  hundreds  of  hospitals  have  adopted 
this  service  with  complete  satisfaction  to 
all  concerned.  Their  famous  "Green  Surgi- 
cal Soaps"  can  still  be  supplied  promptly 
from   stocks. 

Wood's  "Floor  Scrubbing  and  Polishing 
Machines",  together  with  their  "Cromax 
Liquid  Floor  Finish",  provides  an  excellent 
team  for  effective  and  economical  floor 
maintenance. 

In  addition  to  fhe  ihove  items,  the  com- 
plete Wood's  line  ill  be  on  display  at  their 
large  exhibit.  If  for  any  reason  you  cannot 
attend  the  Convention,  we  would  suggest 
that  you  write  to  G.  H.  Wood  &  Company, 
Limited,  at  Montreal  or  Toronto,  or  their 
nearest  branch,  and  they  will  answer  your 
enquiry   without  obligation. 

Bland  8C  Company,  Limited 

Montreal,  Que.  Booth  No.  19 
Twenty-five  years  ago  when  Bland  and 
Company  pioneered  in  Canada  the  first 
Nurses'  Tailored  Uniforms,  there  was  no 
shortage  of  cotton,  nor  any  limit  on  the 
width  of  hems,  and  the  cottons  in  vogue  were 
Gabardenes  and  heavy  British  drill  cloths. 
Prices  began  at  $6.50  each,  the  popular  line 
being  at  $8.50  each.  The  hems  were  eight 
inches  wide  and  belts  four  and  a  half  to 
five  inches  in  width.  In  many  cases  sleeves 
were  closed  with  a  dozen  pearl  buttons.  In 
addition  everyone  bought  an  underskirt  ta 
wear  also.  Compare  such  styles  with  today's 
requirements !  In  place  of  Gabardenes,  the 
call  is  for  fine  Count  cottons,  in  such  weaves 
as  Aeroplane  or  Poplin  or  Broadcloth;  as  a 
matter  of  fact,  many  nurses  are  wearing 
Sharkskin.  Today  we  have  an  inch  and  a 
half  hem,  and  a  button  or  two  on  the  sleeves. 
What  a  vast  difference  in  the  tastes  of 
today  and  a  quarter  of  a  century  ago! 

Yet  Bland  still  leads  the  way,  for  his 
products  are  worn  by  the  very  elite  in  the 
Profession,  and  enquiries  reach  this  factory 


from  purchasers  extending  from  England 
to  Australia,  showing  their  confidence,  with 
that  of  the  vast  majority  of  Canadian 
Nurses,  in  a  good  article,  well  made  and 
cut  with  a  dash  of  style. 

McAinsh  8C  Company  Ltd. 

Toronto,  Ontario.  Booth  No.  22 
McAinsh  &  Company  Ltd.,  388  Yonge 
Street,  Toronto,  booksellers  specializing  in 
books  for  the  Nursing,  Medical  and  Dental 
professions;  agents  for  General  Reference 
Works  and  a  depot  for  all  books  of  current 
literature;  representatives  in  Canada  of  The 
Literary  Guild,  a  popular  club  through  which 
members  have  the  privilege  of  purchasing 
monthly  selections  at  definite  savings.  Mc- 
Ainsh &  Co.  Limited  was  founded  in  1885 
and  through  fifty-seven  years  of  continuous 
service  has  merited  the  confidence  of  book 
buyers  throughout  Canada.  The  past  year 
has  been  one  of  the  best  in  the  company's 
history  and  the  program  is  one  of  expansion 
—  orders  of  any  size  are  handled  expediti- 
ously. Catalogues,  circulars  and  quotations 
are  sent  on  request.  You  are  invited  to  coii- 
sult  McAinsh  &  Co.  Limited  regarding  your 
needs.  See  Mr.  B.  T.  Ripley  at  the  Conven- 
tion Exhibit.  He  will  be  glad  to  discuss  the 
question  of  text-books,  or  give  information 
on    recommended    lists. 

Charles  Gurd  8C  Co.  Limited 

Montreal,  Que.  Booth  No.  23 

Charles  Gurd  &  Co.  Limited,  Canada's 
72)  year  old  manufacturer  of  carbonated 
beverages,  will  again  exhibit  at  the  General 
Meeting  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Associa- 
tion. 

Besides  being  famous  as  the  makers  of 
Gurd's  Belfast  Ginger  Ale  and  Dry  Ginger 
Ale,  so  often  recommended  by  the  Medical 
Fraternity  for  postoperative  cases,  as  well 
as  for  general  hospital  use,  Gurd's  now  also 
manufacture  a  high  quality,  easily  prepared 
"Hot   Chocolate". 

Gurd's  "Hot  Chocolate"  is  a  mixture  oi 
fine  cocoa,  powdered  whole  milk  and  pure 
cane  sugar  especially  prepared  so  that  boil- 
ing water  only  need  be  added  to  make  a 
hot  nourishing  beverage. 

Nurses  will  find  that  this  product  is  ex- 
ceptionally useful  not  only  for  patients  but 


Vol.  38  No.  S 


"Nurse,  no  girl 

should  be  without 

Z.B.T.  with 

Olive  Oil!" 


-,  * 


Z.B.T.  protects  better  against  chafing, 
helps  keep  baby  more  comfortable 

NURSE,  just  feel  that  extra-smooth,  silky  "slip" 
when  you  rub  Z.B.T.  between  your  fingers. 
That  is  how  Z.B.T.  Powder  with  Olive  Oil  acts 
in  tender  skin  folds.  That  is  the  reason  for  its  better 
protection  against  chafing. 

Z.B.T.  promotes  the  healing  of  prickly  heat, 
diaper  rash  and  similar  minor  skin  irritations.  And 
this  moisture -resistant,  long- clinging  powder  with 
olive  oil  guards  baby  more  effectively  against  wet 
diapers  and  perspiration. 

It  will  cost  you  nothing  to  try  Z .  B  .T.  Powder  — 
to  prove  to  yourself  its  many  advantages  in  infant 
and  adult  skin  care.  Clip  the  coupon  below  for  your 
free  professional  package. 


FREE!       The  Centaur  Company,  Dept.  D-62,  1019  Elliott  St.  W.,  Windsor,  Ont. 
Please  send  free  professional  package  of  Z.B.T.  to: 


Name. 


Address- 
City 


.Prov.. 


JUNE,   1942 


427 


428 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


for  themselves  as  a  healthy  "pick-up"  when 
tired. 

Many  thousands  of  one  ounce  envelopes 
have  been  shipped  overseas  to  the  Canadian 
forces  and  it  is  also  being  used  constantly 
in  one  of  the  convalescent  hospitals  in  Eng- 
land. 

Charles  Gurd  &  Co.  Limited  wish  to  ex- 
tend best  wishes  to  all  nurses  attending  their 
Biennial  General  Meeting. 

The  J.  F.  Hartz  Company  Limited 

Montreal,  Que.  Booth  No.  24 
The  J.  F.  Hartz  Company  of  Montreal 
Limited  welcomes  the  Canadian  Nurses  to 
their  Convention  being  held  this  year  in 
Montreal.  Although  we  are  at  war  and 
medical  and  surgical  supplies  are  becoming 
increasingly  difficult  to  obtain,  we  believe 
that  you  will  find  the  display  in  our  booth, 
number  24,  both  interesting  and  informative ! 
We  also  hope  that  you  will  find  time  to 
visit  our  Headquarters,  located  at  1434 
McGill  College  Avenue,  where  our  staff 
will  be  pleased  to  serve  you  in  every  way 
possible. 

Reckitt  8C  Colman  (Canada)  Ltd. 

Montreal,  Que.  Booth  No.  25 
The   following  is  quoted  as  some  indica- 
tion of  the  value  of  "Dettol"  Antiseptic  and 
"Dettol"    Obstetric    Cream    in    the    field    of 
obstetrics :    "Dettol",    in   the    form   of   a   30 


percent  cream,  has  been  employed  as  a  rou- 
tine for  the  hands  and  vulva  in  hospital 
cases  for  the  past  two  and  a  half  years. 
During  this  period  the  incidence  of  infec- 
tions due  to  all  grades  of  haemolytic  strep- 
tococci has  undergone  a  reduction  of  more 
than  50  percent  when  compared  with  a 
similar  period  immediately  prior  to  the  Use 
of  "Dettol"  and,  since  there  has  not  been 
any  other  change  in  antiseptic  procedure, 
I  think  the  improvement  may  fairly  be 
ascribed  to  this  factor.  —  L.  Colebrook. 
"The  Prevention  of  Puerperal  Sepsis", 
Journal  of  Obstetrics  &  Gynaecology  of 
the  British  Empire,  Vol.  XLHL  Xo.  4.  1936. 

Vi-Tone  Sales  Limited 

Hamilton,  Ontario.  Booth  No.  30 
Mr.  Gordon  Anderson,  Advertising  Man- 
ager of  Vi-Tone  Sales  Limited,  extends  a 
cordial  invitation  to  all  Convention  dele- 
gates to  the  Vi-Tone  Booth  to  be  opened 
right  in  the  Windsor  Hotel.  It  is  being 
planned  as  an  attractive  oasis  to  which  you 
may  turn  aside  to  refresh  yourself  with 
ice-cold  Vi-Tone  whenever  the  impulse 
strikes  you.  New  sample  tins  of  Vi-Tone 
will  also  be  distributed.  Mr.  Anderson  will 
be  personally  present  to  welcome  all  visitors, 
and  trained  attendants  will  be  on  hand  at 
all  times  to  answer  any  questions  regarding 
the    dietary    qualities    of    Vi-Tone. 


NEWS    NOTE  S 


ALBERTA 

Ponoka: 

The  annual  meeting  of  Ponoka  District 
No.  2,  A.A.R.N.,  was  held  recently  at  the 
Provincial  Mental  Hospital.  The  following 
officers  were  elected  to  serve  during  the 
coming  year :  Chairman,  Miss  M.  Foster ; 
vice-chairman.  Miss  Harle ;  secretary-  treas- 
urer, Miss  N.  Leckie ;  representative  to  The 
Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  O.  W  ebsdale ;  rep- 
resentative to  collect  monthly  donations  for 
the  British  Nurses  Relief  Fund,  Miss  K. 
Westerlund.  Miss  R.  Scott,  a  delegate  to  the 
recent  convention,  then  gave  an  enjoyable 
and  corriprehensive  report.  Following  the 
meeting  lunch  was  served. 


Miss  M.  McLean,  instructor  of  nursing. 
Provincial  Mental  Hospital,  left  recently 
for  active  naval  service. 

Lethbridge: 

On  Sunday,  May  3,  nurses  of  Lethbridge 
and  district  gathered  at  St.  Augustine's 
Church  for  the  Nurses  National  Day  of 
Prayer.  The  Rev.  Paul  C.  Wade  gave  a 
stirring   address,   with    many    in   attendance. 

Edmonton: 

Royal  Alexandra  Hospital: 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Royal  Alex- 
andra Alumnae  Association  Miss  M.  S. 
Eraser    gave    a    most    interesting    report    on 


Vol.  38  No,  6 


NEWS   NOTES 


429 


the  annual  meeting  of  the  A.A.R.X.  Mrs. 
F.  Ferrier  reported  on  the  refresher  course 
which  the  Alumnae  Association  is  sponsor- 
ing. Over  40  nurses  who  have  retired  from 
active  nursing  are  taking  the  course  so  as 
to  be  prepared  for  any  emergency  which 
might  arise  on  the  home  front.  The  course 
will  consist  of  lectures  and  demonstrations 
on  the  newer  methods  of  treatment,  drugs, 
etc.  The  Alumnae  Association  donated  $40 
lo  the  Kinsmen  Milk  for  Britain  Fund;  this 
was  half  the  proceeds  from  a  dance  held  in 
February.  :Mr.  W.  H.  Phillips  gave  a  most 
interesting  talk  at  the  close  of  the  business 
session  on  "Thrift". 

The  Student  Nurses  Choral  Club  and  the 
Dramatic  Club  were  recently  entertained  by 
the  Alumnae  Association  following  a 
concert,  part  of  the  proceeds  of  which  were 
donated  to  the  Red  Cross. 

The  regular  monthly  meeting  of  the 
Royal  Alexandra  Hospital  Alumnae  Asso- 
ciation was  held  recently.  Mr.  T.  B.  Skid- 
more  gave  us  a  most  interesting  talk  il- 
lustrated by  technicolour  pictures  of  Utah 
which  was  much  enjoyed.  The  Student 
Nurses  Choral  Club  sang  a  "school  song" 
for  the  approval  of  the  Alumnae  Associa- 
tion. 

Miss  Evelyn  Sutherland,  Miss  Sadie  Mac- 
•donald,  Miss  Rita  Cameron  and  Miss  Selma 
Hall  left  recently  for  military  duty  in 
South  Africa.  Mrs.  Dorothy  Halpenny  has 
resigned  from  the  operating  room  staff  for 
duty  at  a  Naval  Hospital  in  Newfoundland. 
Miss  Phylis  Hall  leaves  shortly  for  mili- 
tary duty. 


BRITISH  COLUMBIA 

V^ancouver: 

The  Science  Girls  Club,  whose  members 
have  university  degrees  in  nursing,  was  or- 
ganized in  1933.  Over  60  members  are  now 
•enrolled.  Last  February,  we  put  on  a  Penny 
Carnival  at  the  V.G.H.  auditorium  as  our 
first  effort  to  raise  funds  for  the  British 
Nurses  Relief  Fund.  The  entertainment  in- 
cluded roulette,  bingo,  horse-racing,  miniature 
•golf,  fortune-telling,  and  music.  There  were 
gay  booths  of  home  cooking,  plants,  trinkets, 
and  candy.  Coffee  and  doughnuts  were  also 
served,  and  there  were  door  prizes  and  raffles. 
One  hundred  and  sixty-seven  dollars  was 
raised  towards  the  fund. 


MANITOBA 


Brandon : 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  Brandon 
'Graduate  Nurses  Association  was  held  re- 
cently with  a  good  attendance.  The  activities 


Why  do  the  majority 
of  leading  Canadian 
hospitals    now    use 

DETTOL'  the 

British  Antiseptic? 


•1  'DETTOL'  Antiseptic  can  be 
used  at  really  effective  strengths 
without  danger  or  discomfort. 

'DETTOL'  is  stable  in  the  pres- 
ence of  blood,  faeces  and  other 
organic  matter.  A  2'  c  solution 
rapidly  kills  haemolytic  strep- 
tococci and  B.  Coli  even  in  the 
presence  of  pus. 

When  a  thin  film  of  307o 
'DETTOL'  dries  on  the  skin,  it 
renders  it  insusceptible  to  in- 
fection by  haemolytic  strepto- 
cocci for  at  least  two  hours  un- 
less  grossly   contaminated. 


4    'DETTOL'     is     readily 
with  water. 


miscible 


c  'DETTOL'  has  an  agreeable 
odour  and  is  an  effective  deo- 
dorant. 

5  'DETTOL'  does  not  stain  either 
the  skin  or  fabrics. 


'DETTOL'    Antiseptic    Offers    ALL    These 
Qualities: — 


•  A     powerful     anti- 
septic 

•  Non-poisonous 

•  Non-staining 

•  Agreeable  odour 

•  Concentrated         — 
economical    in    use 


•   Gentle 

tissue 


Available  through  your  regular 
druggist  or  surgical  supply 
house  in  convenient  prescrip- 
tion size  bottles  or  larger  con- 
tainers for  medical  and  hospi- 
tal use.  Write  for  literature 
and  samples  —  Reckitt  & 
Colman  (Canada)  Limited, 
Pharmaceutical  Dept.,  1000 
Amherst   Street,   Montreal. 


.JUNE,   1942 


430 


THE   CANADIAN    NURSE 


WANTED 

Applications  are  invited  for  the  position  of  Night  Supervisor  in  an  active 
five  hundred  bed  general  hospital  in  Ontario  which  conducts  a  School  for 
Nurses.  Send  applications  in  care  of: 

Box  15,  The  Canadian  Nurse,  1411  Crescent  St.,  Montreal,  P.Q. 


WANTED 

Applications  are  invited  from  registered  nurses  for  General  Duty  in  a 
Tuberculosis  Sanatorium  of  360  beds.  When  writing  please  state  previous  ex- 
perience, age,  etc.  The  salary  offered  is  $60  a  month,  with  full  maintenance. 
Address  applications  to: 

Miss  M.  L.  Buchanan,  Superintendent  of  Nurses,  The  Laurentian  Sanatorium, 
Ste.  Agathe  des  Monts,  P.Q. 


WANTED 

Applications  are  invited  for  the  position  of  Instructor  for  a  School  of 
Nursing  in  a  fifty-bed  General  Hospital  in  South  Western  Ontario.  This  hos- 
pital is  a  V  progressive  institution  in  an  attractive  location.  Address  applica- 
tions in  care  of: 

Box  16,  The  Canadian  Nurse,  1411  Crescent  St.,  Montreal,  P.  Q, 


WANTED 

Applications  are  invited  for  the  position  of  Operating  Room  Nurse  in  a 
fifty-bed  Hospital,  for  June  15.  Applicants  are  preferred  with  some  knowledge 
of  X-ray  and  laboratory  work.  Apply,  stating  qualifications,  to: 

The  Superintendent,  Great  War  Memorial  Hospital,  Perth,  Ont. 


of  the  past  year  included  refresher  courses 
under  the  convenership  of  Miss  E.  G.  Mc- 
Nally,  and  practical  procedures  have  been 
demonstrated  at  each  meeting  of  the  Asso- 
ciation. Alany  members  have  given  invalu- 
able help  in  the  wards  of  the  hospital  when 
during  the  winter  months  it  was  filled  to 
capacity.  Financial  and  material  aid  has  been 
given  to  the  Brandon  Welfare  League,  and 
donations  amounting  to  $200  to  the  British 
Nurses  Relief  Fund.  The  Married  Women's 
Section  has  been  very  active,  their  receipts 
totalling  over  $300.  Assistance  has  been  given 
by  the  section  to  the  Red  Cross.  The  Private 
Duty  Section  has  also  been  busy  with  war 
work,  as  has  the  Downtown  Group  and  the 
General  Hospital  Group. 


Extremely  interesting  lectures  have  been 
given  throughout  the  year  by  various  out- 
standing speakers. 

The  Registry  reports  that  all  calls  from 
the  hospital  and  from  the  country  have  been 
filled.  Eight-hour  duty  has  been  instituted 
for  the  private  duty  nurses. 

The  annual  banquet  of  the  B.G.N. A.  was 
a  great  success.  Nineteen  members  of  the 
1942  graduating  class  were  the  guests  of 
honour. 

All  members  of  the  executive  were  re- 
elected to  serve  during  the  coming  year. 

Winnipeg: 

Winnipeg  General  Hospital: 

Approximately   20  head  nurses    from   our 


Vol.  38  No.  6 


NEWS   NOTES 


431 


school  attended  the  meetings  of  the  Institute 
recentlv  held  in  Winnipeg,  under  the  leader- 
ship of  Miss  Ida  :^IacDonald  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Minnesota.  All  sessions  were  interest- 
ing and  profitable. 

A  number  of  W.G.H.  graduates  have 
joined  the  staff  of  the  V.O.N,  in  Winnipeg, 
including  Miss  E.  Willis  (1941),  Miss  Mar- 
garet Burgess  (1941),  Miss  M.  MacLean 
(1942),  and  Miss  G.  Garnett   (1942). 

Mrs.  A.  C.  McFetridge  (Mildred  Reid, 
1924)  was  elected  president  of  the  M.A.R.N. 
at  the  annual  meeting  recently  held  in  Win- 
nipeg. Aliss  Edith  Hunter  (1941)  has  re- 
cently accepted  a  position  \yith  the  social 
service  department  of   the  W  .G^H. 

The  following  marriages  of  W.G.H.  grad- 
uates have  recentlv  taken  place:  Mary  Wil- 
son (1940)  to  Lieut.  S.  East;  Alice  Tretiak 
(.1941)    to   Flight-Lieut.   E.    Daniel. 


— EVEN        ) 


NEW  BRUNSWICK 

Saint  John: 

At  a  recent  regular  meeting  of  the  Saint 
John  Chapter,  X.B.A.R.N.,  an  interesting 
lecture  on  new  drugs  and  their  uses  was  given 
by  Dr.  Xorman  Skinner.  A  refresher  course 
was  recently  conducted  by  the  local  chapter 
at  the  General  Hospital,  under  the  supervi- 
sion of  Miss  Pringle,  with  93  nurses  in  at- 
tendance. 

The  following  graduates  of  the  Saint  John 
'General  Hospital,  included  in  the  second 
^roup  of  Canadian  nurses  chosen  for  military 
service  in  South  Africa,  have  arrived  safely: 
Nursing  Sisters  Alice  V.  Carney  and  Marion 
McGowan.  The  first  group  included  Nursing 
Sisters  Alarion  McAfee,  Dorothy  Brown, 
Ina  Wetmore,  Fern  Townshend,  Helen  Ste- 
phenson, Cavell  Lewis,  and  Margaret  Gold- 
smith. A  farewell  party  was  given  recently 
for  Nursing  Sister  Mabel  McKenzie,  who 
"has  enlisted  for  military  service  in  South 
Africa.  A  party  was  also  given  at  the  Saint 
John  Tuberculosis  Hospital  in  honour  of 
Miss  Mary  Busby,  who  is  leaving  shortly 
for  Montreal. 

The  following  marriages  have  recently 
taken  place :  Josephine  Cox  to  A.  Biringham  ; 
Alberta  Poore  to  George  Skeldon ;  Arthenia 
Hickey  to  Frank  Murray ;  Virginia  Webber 
to  George  McDougall. 

MONCTON : 

The  graduation  exercises  of  the  School 
of  Nursing  of  the  City  Hospital  were  held 
recently,  when  19  students  received  their 
-diplomas  and  pins.  The  guest  speaker  was 
Dr.  Collins  of  Saint  John.  A  private  re- 
ception was  given  to  the  graduating  class 
and  the  guests  following  the  exercises,  and 
a  dance,  sponsored  by  the  Nurses  Hospital 
Aid,  was  also  given  in  honour  of  the  grad- 
uates. 


i       "SAY!    THIS    IS    SERVICE — EVEN 
TO  MY  FAVOURITE  SOAP  — 

PALMOLIVE! 


Nurses  and  Patients  Agree: 

PALMOLIVE 

makes  bathing  more  pleasant 

•  In  nursing  and  hospital  care. 
Nature's  soothing  oils  of  Olive  and 
Palm  have  long  been  recognised 
for  their  beneficial  effect  on  sensi- 
tive skin.  Their  inclusion  in  the 
making  of  Palmolive  makes  Palm- 
olive  the  gentlest,  kindest  toilet  soap 
known  —  the  one  soap  not  only 
safe,  but  actually  good  for  even 
the  most  sensitive  skin.  Make  j'our 
duties  more  pleasant,  and  please 
your  patients  by  bathing  them  with 
mild,  soothing  Palmolive. 


PALMOLIVE 

is   one 

of  the 

"little 

things" 

patients 

coll 

important! 


More  patients  use  Palmolive  at  home 
than  any  other  leading  beauty  soap! 


.J 


JUNE,  1942 


432 


THE   CANADIAN    NURSE 


THREE  FAMOUS 

PRODUCTS 
FOR  BABY  CARE 


To  nurses  and  mothers  alike,  one  of 
the  most  important  factors  in  baby 
care  is  the  choice  of  reliable  toilet  pre- 
parations. 

•  Baby's  Own  SOAP  has  been  the 
choice  of  generations  of  nurses  and 
mothers  because  it  is  made  especially 
for  babies  from  the  finest,  purest  ma- 
terials obtainable.  Baby's  Own  Soap 
contains  lanoline,  soothing  to  baby's 
delicate  skin. 

•  Baby's  Own  POWDER  is  a  scien- 
tifically manufactured  borated  talc 
prepared  especially  for  babies  to  pre- 
vent skin  irritation,  chafing  or  rash. 

•  Baby's  Own  OIL  is  a  pure,  bland 
oil  containing  no  antiseptic  and  espe- 
cially blended  for  the  delicate  tissues 
of  baby's  skin.  Non-sticky,  it  forms  a 
protective  film  against  moisture  and 
irritation. 

All  three  of  these  products  are  pre- 
pared particularly  for  use  in  the  Nur- 
sery and  are  hygienically  manufactured 
to  measure  up  to  clinical  standards. 

You  may  recommend   Baby's   Own 
Products  with  confidence. 


The  National  Day  of  Prayer  for  Nurses 
was  commemorated  on  May  10  by  the  stu- 
dents and  graduates  of  the  City  Hospital 
and  Hotel-Dieu,  and  special  services  were 
held  at  Central  United  Church  and  St.  Ber- 
nard's Church. 

Miss  Jane  Hunt  is  stationed  in  Moncton 
as  air  stewardess  on  the  new  flight  of  the 
Trans-Canada  Air  Lines  to  Newfoundland. 
Miss  Alice  Newcomb  and  Miss  Gladys  Wil- 
son have  joined  the  R.C.A.F.  as  nursing 
sisters,  and  are  stationed  at  Dartmouth, 
N.  S. 

Married:  Recently,  Aliss  Elizabeth  Camp- 
bell to  Mr.  Gerald  Trites. 

Chatham: 

On  National  Hospital  Day  many  visitors 
from  all  the  surrounding  district  made  their 
way  to  the  Hotel  Dieu  Hospital  to  visit  its 
departments  and  to  meet  old  friends.  Over 
a  hundred  little  tots,  familiarly  known  as 
"Hotel  Dieu  Babies",  came  trooping  through 
the  halls,  or  crowing  with  delight  on  the 
arms  of  their  smiling  mothers.  It  was  a 
pleasure  to  note  that  more  that  90  percent 
of  these  citizens  were  either  normal  or 
overweight. 

Reverend  Mother  Superior,  and  the  Sis- 
ters, accompanied  by  the  Ladies  Aid,  wel- 
comed the  visitors  most  cordially  and  lunch 
was  served  by  members  of  our  Hospital  Aid. 
Open  house  was  maintained  and  the  visitors 
were  invited  to  St.  Michaels  Auditoriuir 
where  pictures,  showing  first  aid  workers 
in  action,  were  disnlayed. 


NOVA  SCOTIA 


Halifax: 


A  well  attended  meeting  of  the  Halifax 
Branch,  R.N. A.N. S.,  was  held  recently  at 
the  Nova  Scotia  Hospital,  Dartmouth.  Dr. 
Murray  MacKay,  superintendent  of  the 
Hospital,  gave  a  most  interesting  and  help- 
ful address  on  modern  problems  in  psy- 
chiatry. The  Nova  Scotia  Hospital  Social 
Club  entertained  the  members  and  served 
refreshments. 

The  following  nurses  have  enlisted  with 
the  Navy,  and  are  stationed  at  the  Naval 
Hospital,  Halifax:  Matron  Marjorie  Rus- 
sell (Hospital  for  Sick  Children,  Toronto), 
Nursing  Sisters  Shirley  Beck  (Victoria  Gen- 
eral Hospital,  Halifax),  Vera  Burton  (Vic- 
toria General  Hospital,  Halifa.x),  Eileen 
Davidson  (Toronto  General  Hospital), 
Bonnie  Dundee  (Winnipeg  General  Hospi- 
tal), Rae  Fellowes  (Royal  Victoria  Hos- 
pital,   Montreal),    Mary    Irving     (Montreal 


Vol.  38  No.  6 


NEWS    NOTES 


433 


General  Hospital),  Isabel  Kee  (Toronto 
Western  Hospital),  Beth  Preston  (Victoria 
Hospital,  London),  Patricia  Rand  (Jef- 
fery  Hale's  Hospital,  Quebec),  Beryl  Ru- 
therford (Homoeopathic  Hospital,  Mont- 
real), Janet  Story  (Halifax  Infirmary), 
Hazel  Tilling  (Hamilton  General  Hospital), 
Jane  White   (Wellesley  Hospital,  Toronto). 

New  Glasgow: 
Aberdeen  Hosfital: 

Miss  Marjorie  MacLellan  and  Miss  Mil- 
dred MacDonald  (1942)  have  accepted  posi- 
tions on  the  staff  of  the  Colchester  County 
Hospital,  T^uro.  Miss  Elizabeth  Reed,  who 
has  been  with  the  Victorian  Order  of 
Nurses  in  New  Glasgow  for  the  past  three 
years,  is  now  serving  with  the  R.C.A.M.C. 
and  is  stationed  at  the  military  hospital  in 
Sussex,  N.  B. 

Married :  Recently,  Miss  Elizabeth  Ken- 
nedy (1934)  to  Gunner  Reid  Holland, 
R.C.A. 


ONTARIO 

District  1 
Chatham: 
Public  General  Hospital: 

Under  the  direction  of  the  superintendent 
of  the  Public  General  Hospital,  Miss  Pris- 
cilla  Campbell,  a  refresher  course  for  married 
and  inactive  nurses  of  District  1,  R.N. A. (3., 
was  held  recently  at  the  Public  General 
Hospital  in  Chatham.  This  course  was  ex- 
ceptionally well  attended,  having  a  registra- 
tion of  55,  and  a  daily  average  of  53.  These 
nurses  were  extremely  keen  and  interested. 
The  program  was  as  follows :  Anaesthetics, 
by  Dr.  Allen  Stewart  and  Miss  D.  Hooper; 
eye,  ear,  nose  and  throat,  by  Dr.  S.  M. 
Holmes  and  Miss  W.  Fair ;  x-ray.  by  Dr. 
F.  I.  Reid  and  Miss  H.  Stobbs ;  fractures, 
by  Dr.  W.  Hardman  and  Miss  V.  Carnes ; 
obstetrics,  maternity  ward  and  nursery,  by 
Dr.  J.  L.  MacArthur  and  Miss  B.  Lewis : 
surgical  emergencies,  by  Dr.  G.  H.  R.  Hamil- 
ton and  Miss  D.  Thomas ;  oxygen  therapy 
and  blood  transfusion,  by  Dr.  J.  Moriarty 
and  Miss  L.  Hastings ;  feeding  the  family  in 
vv-artime,  including  feeding  of  hospital  pa- 
tients, by  Miss  Edythe  Patterson,  dietitian ; 
nursing  procedures  connected  with  morning 
lectures,  by  Miss  L.  Hastings  and  Aliss  W. 
Fair ;  new  drugs,  by  Dr.  C.  C.  White  and 
Miss  F.  Field ;  burns  and  wartime  gases,  by 
Dr.  W.  F.  Charteris  and  Miss  W.  Fair.  Op- 


There  are  reasons  why 

PHILLIPS'  MILK  OF 
MAGNESIA 

has  been  one  of  the  most  widely 
used  of  standard  medications  — 

£^  It  is  a  reliable  antacid  medi- 
cation —  three  times   as  ef- 
fective as  a  saturated  solution  of 
sodium  bicarbonate. 

^  It     has     a    gentle,     thorough 
laxative  effect. 

^gy  There   are   no   carbonates   li- 
berated; hence  no  CO2  bloat- 
ing; minimal  acid  rebound. 

^J  No  harsh  cathartics ;  no  dan- 
ger  of  bowel  irritation. 


DOSAGE : 

As  an  antacid:  2 
to  4  teaspoon- 
fuls 

As  a  gentle  laxa- 
tive :  4  to  8  tea- 
spoonfuls 


PHILLIPS' 

Aiilk  of  Magnesia 

We  will  send  you  a  professional  package  upon 
request. 

Prepared  only   by 


THE  CHAS.  H.  PHILLIPS  CHEMICAL  CO. 

Windsor,  Ontario 


JUNE,   1942 


434 


THE   CANADIAN    NURSE 


f 

I' 

I" 


TESTED  TEXTBOOKS 

FOR  SCHOOLS  OF 

NURSING 

xMEDICAL  NURSING 

By  Edgar  Hull,  Christine  Wright  and  Ann 
B.  Eyl.  The  principles  of  general  medicine 
are  here  presented  for  nursing  courses  by 
experienced  instructors.  Second  edition. 
169  illustrations.  §4.40. 

TUBERCULOSIS  NURSING 

By  Grace  M.  Longhurst.  Covers  modern 
diagnostic  and  therapeutic  measures  re- 
quired in  the  treatment  of  tuberculosis.  In- 
valuable for  both  public  health  and  hospital 
nurses.  67  illustrations.  $3.75. 

CHEMISTRY    FOR    NURSES 

By  Harry  C.  Biddle.  The  essentials  of  in- 
organic, organic  and  physiological  chemis- 
try for  nurses.  Newf  second  edition.  201 
illustrations.  $3.75.  Without  laboratory 
manual,  $3.45. 

THE   RYERSON   PRESS 

TORONTO 


ROYAL  VICTORIA  HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL  OF  NURSING 

MONTREAL 

Courses  for  Graduate  Nurses 

(1)  A  three-months  course  is  offered 
in  Obstetrical  Nursing.  (2)  A  two- 
months  course  is  offered  in  Gyne- 
cological Nursing.  For  further 
information  apply  to  Miss  Caroline 
Barrett,  R.N.,  Supervisor,  Women's 
Pavilion,  Royal  Victoria  Hospital. 


(3)  A  course  in  operating  room 
technique  and  management  is  of- 
fered to  nurses  with  graduate  ex- 
perience  in  operating  room  work. 

(4)  Courses  are  also  offered  in 
medical  nursing;  surgical  nursing; 
nursing  in  diseases  of  the  eye,  ear, 
nose  and  throat;  nursing  in  uro- 
logy. For  further  information  apply 
to  Miss  F.  Munroe,  R.N.,  Superin- 
tendent of  Nurses,  Royal  Victoria 
Hospital. 


portunities  for  observation  were  arranged 
on  the  medical,  surgical,  obstetrical  and  chil- 
dren's wards.  Miss  Campbell  was  assisted  in 
planning  and  managing  the  course  by  Miss 
Lila  Baird. 


London: 

Victorui  Hosfttal: 

A  successful  bridge  and  dance  was  held 
recently  by  the  Alumnae  Association  of 
Victoria  Hospital  in  aid  of  the  British 
Nurses  Relief  Fund,  and  a  substantial 
amount  was  raised.  Our  Alumnae  Associa- 
tion extends  congratulations  to  Miss  Mil- 
dred Walker  who  has  been  appointed  presi- 
dent of   the   R.N.A.O. 

Mss  Juanita  Spettigue  expects  to  leave 
shortly  for  military  nursing  service  in  South 
Africa.  Interesting  letters  have  been  re- 
ceived from  Miss  Joe  Monteith,  Miss 
Christina  Aiken,  and  Miss  Irene  Sadleir, 
who  are  on  duty  there.  Miss  Dorotliy  Price 
Wiggins  has  been  called  for  duty  with  the 
naval  service  in  British  Columbia.  Miss 
Kay  Black,  a  member  of  the  supervising 
staff  of  V.H.,  has  joined  the  nursing  service 
of  the  R.C.A.M.C,  and  is  on  duty  at  the 
London  Military  Hospital.  Her  position  as 
supervisor  of  the  communicable  disease  di- 
vision of  V.  H.  has  been  filled  by  Miss 
Grace  Morris.  Nursing  Sister  Edna  Waugh, 
who  was  recently  invalided  home  from  ac- 
tive service  in  England,  has  returned  to 
duty  at  the  London  Military  Hospital. 


District  4 
Hamilton: 
Hamilton  General  Hosfttal: 

The  following  marriages  have  recently 
taken  place :  Marian  Swent  to  Surgeon- 
Lieutenant  A.  K.  Mighton ;  Elizabeth  Simons 
to  Jeffrey  Robert  Stutley. 


District  5 
Toronto: 
Toronto  Western  Hosfttal: 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Toronto  West- 
ern Hospital  Alumnae  Association  the  presi- 
dent, Mrs.  Douglas  Chant,  was  in  the  chair. 
Prof.  R.  O.  Hurst,  Dean  of  the  College  of 
Pharmacy,  University  of  Toronto,  gave  a 
most  instructive  talk  on  the  restrictions  in- 
volved in  the  handling  of  drugs.  He  stressed 
the  help  which  a  graduate  nurse  can  give  in 
this  work.  Miss  Jean  Alitchell  explained  the 
need  for  the  recent  registration  of  all 
graduate  nurses  in  the  province.  Miss  Bertha 
Miles  gave  an  interesting  report  of  the  R.N. 


Vol.  38  No.  6 


N  E  ^V  S    NOTES 


435 


A.O.  convention  held  in  Windsor.  It  was 
decided  that  a  second  scholarship  be  awarded 
by  the  Alumnae  Association,  considering  the 
great  need  for  nurses  with  postgraduate 
study. 

A  very  successful  dance  was  held  recently 
at  which  the  graduating  class  were  guests 
of  honour. 


PRINCE  EDWARD  ISLAND 

Charlottetown  : 

The  following  graduates  of  the  City  Hos- 
pital have  recently  joined  the  nursing  service 
of  the  R.C.A.M.C. :  Margaret  MacEwen. 
Joanne  MacDonald,  Marcella  MacDonald, 
Mary  MacDonald,  Catherine  Collins.  Helen 
Solomon,  Margaret  Campbell,  Mary  Croken. 
Miss  Isabella  Nicholson,  surgical  nurse  at 
P.E.I.  Hospital,  has  also  joined  the  nursing 
service  of  the  R.C.A.M.C. 

Th  following  nurses  have  recently  left  for 
South  Africa :  Jean  MacPhee,  Leone  Docken- 
dorff,  Claire  Clohossey,  and  Eileen  Howard, 
of  the  staff  of  the  Provincial  Sanatorium; 
Hazel  Wood  and  Stella  MacLean,  graduates 
of  P.E.I.  Hospital. 

Married :  Recently,  Miss  Marcella  Bell 
( P.E.I. H.,  1941)  to  Mr.  Wm.  MacRae. 


QUEBEC 


Montreal: 

Montreal  General  Hosfital: 

Miss  A.  B.  McLauchlan  has  resigned  her 
position  as  first  assistant  in  the  operating 
room  in  the  Central  Division.  Prior  to  her 
departure.  Miss  McLauchlan  was  guest 
of  honour  at  a  tea  when  she  was  presented 
with  gifts  from  Miss  Holt  and  her  staff. 
and  the  operating  room  staff.  Miss  McLauch- 
lan leaves  to  take  charge  of  the  operating 
room  in  the  Cornwall  General  Hospital. 

Miss  Lolita  Best  (1927)  has  been  appointed 
Nursing  Sister  with  the  South  African 
Military  Nursing  Service.  Miss  C.  Lefebvre, 
Miss  F.  Buffett,  Miss  K.  Havward,  and 
Miss  E.  Hillman.  of  the  1942  'class,  have 
accepted  positions  on  the  staff  of  the  Cen- 
tral Division.  Miss  June  Hawke  (1941)  is 
doing  floor  duty  at  the  Vancouver  General 
Hospital. 

Married :  Recentlv,  Miss  Alison  S.  Weldon 
(1934)  to  Mr.  Frederick  H.  Goggin. 

Royal  Victoria  Hosfiial: 

The  members  of  the  Class  of  1942  were 
recently  the  guests  of  the  Alumnae  Associa- 
tion of  the  Royal  Victoria  Hospital  at  a 
special  meeting  and  reception  held  in  the 
nurses  home.  In  the  recreation  rooms,  which 
were  gay  with  spring  flowers.  Mrs.  R.  A. 
, Taylor   presided    and    welcomed    the    guests. 


PRESCRIBED     FOR     THE 

RELIEF    OF    PAIN     FOR 

OVER    20    YEARS 

Not  only  hold  the  confidence  of  dentists 
and  doctors  but  of  their  patients  as  well. 

Each  tablet  contains  ZVi  gr.  Acetophen 
(Acetylsalicylic  Acid  "Frosst"),  2Vi  gr. 
Phenacetin,  Vi  gr.  Caffeine  citrate.  The  tab- 
lets dissolve  quickly,  promoting  rapid  ab- 
sorbtion  and  prompt  relief. 

DOSAGE: 

One  tablet  with  water,  two  or  three  times 
daily  as  required. 

MODES  OF  ISSUE: 

Tubes  of   12  Bottles  of  40  and  100. 


9^to^ 


The  Canadian  Mark   of   Quality 
Pharmaceuticals  since  1899. 


Montreal 


Canada 


WHERE  QUALITY  AND  PRICE  ARE  EQUAL 

OR  BETTER  PRESCRIBE  CANADIAN 

PRODUCTS 


JUNE,  1942 


436 


THE   CANADIAN    NURSE 


UNIVERSITY  OF 
WESTERN  ONTARIO 

Division    of    Study    for 
GRADUATE        NURSES 


COURSES  OFFERED 

A    five-year    course    leading    to    the 

degree     of     Bachelor     of     Science     in 

Nursing. 


Courses,  covering  one  academic  year, 
and   leading   to   Certificates   in    Public 
Health   Nursing,   Hospital  Administra- 
tion, Instructor  in  Schools  of 
Nursing. 


For  information   apply  to: 

CHIEF: 

Division  of  Study  for  Graduate 

Nurses 

FACULTY  AND   INSTITUTE   OF 

PUBLIC    HEALTH 

London,  Canada. 


McCILL 
UNIVERSITY 

School  for  Graduate  Nurses 

The     following     one-year     certificate 

courses     are     offered     to     graduate 

nurses : 

TEACHING  AND 

SUPERVISION    IN    SCHOOLS 

OF   NURSING 

PUBLIC    HEALTH    NURSING 

ADMINISTRATION  IN 

HOSPITALS    AND    SCHOOLS 

OF   NURSING 

ADMINISTRATION  AND 

SUPERVISION 

IN  PUBLIC  HEALTH 

NURSING 

For  information  apply  to: 

School    for    Graduate    Nurses 
McGill   University,  Montreal. 


ihe  address  to  the  class  was  given  by  Mrs. 
M.  A.  Stanley,  and  Miss  F.  Munroe  an- 
nounced the  prize  winners.  The  prizes  given 
by  the  Alumnae  Association  for  the  highest 
aggregate  marks  in  examinations  for  the 
three  years  went  to  Miss  Beryl  McRae  in 
the  first  division,  and  Miss  Margaret  Wool- 
ner  in  the  second  division ;  prizes  for  general 
proficiency  to  Miss  Eleanor  Illsey  m  the 
first  division,  and  Miss  Elizabeth  McRae 
in  the  second  division.  Dr.  Tremble's  prize 
for  general  proficiency  went  to  Miss  Kath- 
leen Gallagher.  Miss  Barbara  Whitley  then 
entertained  the  audience  with  her  clever 
sketches,  and  a  buffet  supper  was  served. 

Nursing  Sisters  Helen  Kendall  and  Janet 
MacKay  have  returned  to  Canada  from 
England. 

Miss  Eileen  Ferguson  is  now  in  charge  of 
Ward  G  (men's  surgical),  and  Miss  Hope 
Ross  and  Miss  Marguerite  Webb  are  as- 
sistant staff  nurses  on  Ward  J  (semi- 
private). 

Married :  Recently,  Miss  Marguerite  Mc- 
Elroy  (1937)  to  Mr.  Harry  Zelmer. 

McGill  School  for  Graduate  Nurses: 

A  most  enjoyable  tea  was  given  recently 
by  the  Class  of  1941-1942  in  honour  of  one 
of  their  members,  Mrs.  Richard  Mungen, 
whose  marriage  took  place  recently.  An 
honoured  guest  at  this  tea  was  Miss  Julita 
Sotejo,  superintendent  of  nurses  in  the 
Philippine  General  Hospital,  Manila.  Miss 
Sotejo  is  a  Rockefeller  student  at  the  School 
of  Nursing.  University  of  Toronto,  and 
paid  a  visit  to  the  McGill  School  for  Grad- 
uate Nurses.  Miss  Sojeto  addressed  the  stu- 
dents, giving  them  an  insight  into  nursing 
in  the   Philippines. 

At  the  annual  spring  tea  held  recently  at 
the  School  for  Graduate  Nurses,  the  Class 
of  1941-1942  were  hostesses  to  their  many 
friends.  Spring  flowers  and  the  spacious 
rooms  made  a  very  attractive  setting  for 
this  delightful  event.  Miss  Lindeburgh,  Miss 
Mathewson.  Miss  Archer,  and  Miss  True- 
man  received  the  guests. 

Married:  Recently.  Miss  Elizabeth 
Thompson   to    Dr.    Richard   Mungen. 

St.  Mary's  Hospital: 

The  following  nurses  are  now  holding  in- 
dustrial positions  at  the  Canada  Car  & 
Foundry  Co.  at  St.  Paul  I'Ermite :  Kath- 
leen Bradv,  Esmarelda  Quinn.  Lorraine  Du- 
be,  Florence  DeCourville,  Patricia  Kenne- 
dy, Doris  McCarthy.  Miss  Elsie  Rail  is  now 
industrial  nurse  at  the  personnel  department 
of  the  D.I.L.  in  Verdun.  Miss  Louise  Shea 
is  now  industrial  nurse  at  the  Dominion  In- 
dustries Limited,   Ste.  Therese. 

Th=  following  marriages  have  recently 
taken  place:  Elizabeth  Marjorie  Tees  to 
W.  P.  Shea;  Rita  O'Donnell   (1941)  to  W. 


Vol.  38  No.  6 


NEWS    NOTES 


437 


Smith:  Vera  Bedford  (1940)  to  Dr.  Mclner- 
ney;  Catherine  St.  Onge  to  Lieut.  W.  King. 

Quebec: 


/.//. 


fer\   H(de\<  Hosfital: 

The  last  monthly  meeting  of  the  Alum- 
nae Association  of  Jeffery  Hale's  Hospital 
for  the  season  was  held  recently,  when  Dr. 
Donald  MacMillan  gave  an  interesting  ad- 
dress on  anaesthesia. 

In  April,  a  refresher  course  for  graduate 
nurses  was  started,  consisting  of  12  lec- 
tures, each  followed  by  a  demonstration  class. 
The  lectures  include  subjects  of  importance 
at  the  present  time,  and  show  the  progress 
which  has  taken  place  in  medicine  and  sur- 
gery in  the  last  few  years.  The  lectures 
are  being  given  by  doctors  and  instructresses 
of  the  hospital  staff.  They  are  well  at- 
tended by  graduates  of  the  hospitals  in  Que- 
bec City,  and  we  hope  that  all  will  benefit 
greatly  by  them. 

The  \'.  A.  D's,  under  the  instruction 
of  Mrs.  Wilfred  Rourke  (1941).  have  suc- 
cessfully finished  their  six  weeks  of  class- 
room work,  and  are  now  helping  the  nurses 
to  care  for  the  patients  at  the  J.H.H.  The 
V.A.D.'s  were  recently  entertained  at  tea 
by  the  graduate  staff.  This  gave  them  an 
opportunity  to  meet  the  ward  supervisors 
under   whom  they  are  working. 

Miss  M.  Jones  (1942)  is  taking  a  post- 
graduate course  in  obstetrics  at  the  mater- 
nity division  of  the  Royal  \'ictoria  Hospi- 
tal, Montreal.  She  is  returning  in  June  to 
be  supervisor  of  the  maternity  floor  at 
J.H.H.  Mrs.  J.  Bowker  (1942)  is  acting 
supervisor  at  present. 

Married :  Recently.  Miss  Norah  Caroline 
Martin  ( 1929 )  to  ilr.  Alexander  M.  Mac- 
Donald. 


SASKATCHEWAN 

Saskatoon: 

Four  hundred  tea  guests  recently  thronged 
the  home  of  Mrs.  G.  R.  Peterson  in  support 
of  the  British  Nurses  Relief  Fund.  A  spe- 
cial guest  was  Miss  Ida  MacDonald,  as- 
sistant professor  of  nursing  education  of 
the  University  of  Minnesota  School  of" 
Nursing. 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  Peterson  graciously  set  out 
for  display  their  valuable  collection  of  an- 
tiques, carefully  labelled  for  the  visitors' 
information.  A  huge  oil  painting  done  in 
1802,  a  fine  collection  of  Baxter  prints,  Ve- 
netian glass,  an  old  Dutch  cupboard  filled 
with  pewter  ware,  and  a  set  of  beautifully 
carved  Chippendale  chairs  were  part  of  this 
interesting  collection.  Miss  E.  Howard  and 
Miss  Bateman  assisted  in  receiving  the  guests. 
This  delightful  function  was  arranged  under 


A  time-  pro- 
ven reliable 
relieving  aid 
for  infant's  simple  constipation,  teething  fe- 
vers, stomach  upsets.  A  boon  to  mothers  and 
nurses  as  an  evacuant  in  the  digestive  dis- 
turbances which  often  accompany  teething 
or  which  sometimes  follow  a  change  of  food, 
where  prompt  yet  gentle  elimination  is  de- 
sirable. Sympathetic  to  baby's  delicate  sys- 
tem. No  opiates  of  any  kind.  Over  40  years 
of  ever-increasing  use  speak  highly  for  their 
effectiveness. 


7VUGGET 

WHITE  DRESSING 


(the  cake  in  the  non-rust  tin) 

A  grand  White 
for  White  Shoes 

It  takes  Nugget  White  Dress- 
ing to  keep  your  White  shoes 
looking   their    best. 


Nugget     is     also     available     in 
Black,   Blue    and   all   shades   of 


JUNE.  1942 


438 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


fOFALL  17$  ^0mn 

UlTtMATE^^NOn 
{OF  ANY  J^mON^ 
^USr  DEPEND"! 


USE 

TILLEY'S 

SURE  WHITE 

Liquid  and  Tubes 
For    White    Shoes 


Identification 

is  easy  with  CASH'S 
WOVEN  NAMES. 
Sewn  on  or  attached 
with  Cash's  No-So  Ce- 
ment. Most  Hospitals, 
Institutions,  and  Nurses  use  them  in 
preference  to  all  other  methods.  They 
are  the  sanitary,  permanent,  econo- 
mical method  of  marking. 

iP%  A  dVf  Ch     232  Grier  St. 
W^m9«a    9  Belleville,  Ont. 


CASH'S  1  3  doz-$  150    6doz-$200   NO-SO  Cement 
NAMES  I  9  doz -$250   12  dor -$30525«£tube 


S*^^ 


Mentholatum 
quickly  soothes  in- 
jury and  promotes 
healing.  Also  for 
headcolds, chafing, 
burns,  chapping, 
cuts  and  brxiises. 
Tubes  £ind  jars,  30c. 


the  direction  of  Miss  M.  Chisholm.  chairman 
of  the  provincial  committee  for  the  British 
Nurses  Relief  Fund.  Miss  H.  G.  McConnell,. 
Mrs.  M.  Rogers,  Miss  Beth  Waddington, 
Mrs.  J.  Gibson,  Miss  M.  Bohl,  and  Miss  Jean 
Whiteford  helped  with  the  arrangements. 
The  committee  is  pleased  to  forward  to  the 
British  Nurses  Relief  Fund  a  sum  of  over 
three   hundred   dollars. 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  Saskatoon 
Registered  Nurses  Association  was  held  re- 
cently, with  the  vice-president.  Miss  Dorothy 
Lemery,  in  the  chair.  Plans  were  made  for  a 
service  to  be  held  in  St.  John's  Cathedral, 
following  a  request  from  ^liss  J.  S.  Wilson, 
executive  secretary  of  the  C.N. A.,  for  par- 
ticipation in  the  nationwide  Vesper  Service. 

The  officers  for  the  coming  year  are : 
President,  Miss  E.  Fendley ;  first  vice- 
president.  Miss  Bohl ;  second  vice-president, 
Miss  Tedford;  secretary.  Miss  E.  Hanna; 
treasurer,  Miss  M.  Urton;  honourary  treas- 
urer. Miss  D.  Duff ;  councillors :  Miss  K.  W. 
Ellis,  Miss  L.  J.  Whiteford,  Miss  R.  L. 
Smith,  Miss  M.  Chisholm,  Miss  M.  Finlay- 
son,  Miss  E.  Grant. 


MENTHOLATUM 


COMFORT    Da 


NEWFOUNDLAND 

St.  John^s: 

Coffee  cans  collected  from  pantry  shelves, 
are  being  pressed  into  service  as  containers 
for  first  aid  materials — and  schoolgirls  are 
finding  another  way  to  help  in  their  spare 
time.  A  workroom  for  the  Volunteer  Corps 
was  provided  at  Government  House.  Miss 
Syretha  Squires,  Director  of  Nursing 
Services,  came  in  to  supervise  the  work.  The 
W.P.A.  did  its  bit  by  voting  a  fund  for  nec- 
essary purchases.  Intended  only  as  miniature 
first  "aid  kits  for  emergency  use  in  the  home,, 
the  coffee  cans  in  their  new  dress  contain 
a  little  bit  of  everything  that  may  be  needed 
for  minor  injuries  or  burns,  and  a  book  of 
first  aid  instructions,  all  neatly  wrapped  and 
packed  in  the  tin.  The  kits  have  been  made 
up  with  very  little  expense.  Linen,  cleaned 
and  sterilized  by  ironing,  was  used  for 
bandages  and  dressings.  The  cups  were  made 
from  paper,  and  the  applications  are  merely 
toothpicks  fitted  with  wadding-tips.  Total 
cost  per  kit  works  out  at  approximately 
fifty  cents. 

At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Newfound- 
land Graduate  Nurses  Association  the  work 
of  the  year  was  reviewed  and  the  reports 
showed  the  Association  to  be  in  good  stand- 
ing. The  election  of  officers  for  the  ensu- 
ing year  took  place  and  the  following  were 
elected:  President,  Miss  S.  Squires;  vice- 
president.  Miss  A.  Bishop;  secretary.  Miss 
M.  Lorenzen;  assistant  secretary.  Miss  D. 
Shea;  treasurer.  Miss  S.  Bartlett;  assistant 
treasurer.  Miss  M.  Holden;  convener  of 
entertainment   committee.    Miss   E.    Thomas. 


Vol.  38  No.  6 


Official  Directory 

International    Council   of   Nur«e* 
AetlBg   ExecvtlTe   Secretary.   Misa   Calista    F.   Banwarth,    310   Cedar   Street,    New    HaTen, 

Connecticut.   U.  a.   A. 

THE  CANADIAN  NURSES  ASSOCIATION 

fcMident Miss  Grace   M.   Fairley,   Vancouver  General   Hospital,   VancouTer.    B.C. 

Pa»t  President  Miss   Ruby   M.    Simpson.    Department   of   Health.    Parliament    Buildings,    Regina.    Sask. 

Firtt   Vice-President. Miss    Elizabeth    L.    Smellie.    Department    of    National    Defence.    Ottawa,    Ont. 

SMond    Vice-President    Miss    Marion    Lindeburgh.    School    for    Graduate    Nurses.     McGUl    University. 

Montreal.    P.    Q. 

Honourary  Secretary   Miss    Kathleen    I.   Sanderson,    1105   Park   Drive.    Vancouver.    B.C. 

Honourary   Treasurer   .Miss    A.    J.    MacMaster.    Moncton    Hospital,    Moncton,    N.B. 

COUNCILLORS  AND  OTHER  MEMBERS  OF   EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 

NumeraU   indicate    office   held:    (1)    Pretident,    Provincial    Nurses    Association; 

(t)Ckain>ian,  Hotpital  and  School  of  yurting  Section;   (8)    Chairman,  Public 

Health    Section:     (4)     Chairman,    General    Nursinff    Section. 

Alberta:    (1)   Miss  Rae  Chittick.  815-18th  Ave.  AV.,  Ontario:     '1)    Miss    Mildred    I.  Walker,     Institute 

Calgary;    (2)   Miss  Gena  Bamforth,  Royal  Alex-  of    Public    Health.    London;     '2)     Miss    Louise 

andra    Hospital,    Edmonton;     (3)     Miss    Helen  d.  Acton,  Kingston  General  Hospital;    (3)   Miss 

Garfield.  7l3-3rd  St.  E..  Calgary;    (4)  Miss  An-  Winnifred    Ashplant,    807    Waterloo    St.,    Lon- 

nie  Carlson,    112-lOth   Ave.  N.  W.,  Calgary.  don;     (4)    Miss    Dorothy    Ogilvie,    34    Gilchrist 

St.,  Ottawa. 

^T^lh  ^A°Jr  V-';niA,lv^r'%^;   m'JL   F    McO^^  P'i"«    Edward    Island:    (1)    Mlss    K.    MacLennan, 

V  ™v«;     rrn°"T'Hn«niti  '     T^^     Mi^f  #'  Provincial  Sanatorium    Charlottetown ;  (2)  Miss 

n^n"^     2^2  Srnfc   S?"^fncouS;    S" mS".  2^^.^]^\,^^^^  SK  "A^e'^f 'n '"rT; 

E.  B.  Thomson.  1095  West  Uth  St..  Vancouver,  -rs.de,    i|)nn'^'s?ey''-cL%t"?t'etot'n''^&pitffi 

Charlottetown. 

Manitoba:    (1)    MiM    A.  McKee,    V,O.N.,    Medical  Quebec:    '!)  Miss  E.  Flanagan,     3801     University 

Arts  Bldg.,   Winnipeg;    (2)    Miss  D.   Ditehfleld,  Street,  Montreal;   (2)  Miss  M,  Batson,  Montreal 

Children's    Hospital,    Winnipeg;     '3)     Miss    F.  General     Hospital;     (3)     Miss     A.     Martineau, 

King,   Ste.    1,   Greysolon    Apts..    Winnipeg;    (4)  Dept.   of    Health,    City   of   Montreal;    (4)    Miss 

Miss  C.   Bourgeault,   St.   Boniface   Hospital,   St.  a.  M.  Robert.  5484-A  St.  Denis  St..  Montreal. 

Boniface.  Saskatchewan:    (1)    Miss  Matilda  Diedericlis.  Regi- 

na  Grey  Nuns  Hospital;   (2)  Miss  A.  F.  Lawrie. 

New    Brunswick:     (1)    Sister    Kerr.    Hotel    Dleu  Regina  General  Hospital;    ''3)   Miss  Gladys  Mc- 

Hospital.  Campbellton:   (2)  Miss  Marlon  Myers.  Donald,   6  Mayfair  Apts.,   Regina;    U)   Miss  R. 

Saint  John   General  Hospital;    (8)    Miss  A.   A.  Wozny.  2216  Smith  St.,  Regina. 

Burns.    Health    Centre,    Saint    John;    (4)    Miss  chairmen.  National  Sections:   Hospital  and  School 

Myrtle   E.    Kay,    21    Austin   St..   Moncton.  of    Nursing:    Miss    B.    Anderson,    Ottawa    Civic 

Hospital.  Public  Health:  Miss  M.  Kerr.  Eburne. 

Nova  Scotia:     (1)    Miss    M.    Jenkins,    The    Child-  B.C.    General    Nursing:    Miss    M.    Baker,     249 

ren's  Hospital,  Halifax;   (2)  Sister  Mary  Peter,  Victoria  St.,  London.  Convener,  Committee  on 

St.    Martha's    Hospital,    Antlgonish;     (3)    Miss  Nursing     Education:      Miss      M.      Lindeburgh. 

Jean    Forbes,    314   Roy   Building,    Halifax;    (4)  School    for    Graduate    Nurses,    McGill    Univer 

Miss  G.   Porter,   115  South  Park  St.,   Halifax.  sity.    Montreal. 

Executive  Secretary:   Mts»  Jean  S.  Wilton.   National   Office,    1411    Crescent   St..   Montreal,    P.Q. 
OFFICERS   OF   SECTIONS   OF    CANADIAN    NURSES    ASSOCIATION 

Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing  Section  Councillors:    Alberta:    Miss    A.    Carlson.    112-10 

Ave.    N.    W.,    Calgary.    British    Columbia:    Mrs. 

■Chairman:  Miss  Blanche   Anderson.  Ottawa  Civic  E.    B     Thomson     1095    West    14th    St      Vancou- 

Hospital.      First     Vice-Chairman :     Miss     E.     G.  ^^r.  Manitoba:  Miss  C.  Bourgeault,  St.  Boniface 

McNally.    General    Hospital,    Brandon.    Second  ^°^?}*^'a   ^t-    Bomfax:e.    New    Brunswick:    Miss 

Vice-chairman:      Miss     M.      Batson,     Montreal  ^'^.^'^   E. Kay,   21    Austin   St.     Moncton.   Nova 

General     Hospital.     Secretary-Treasurer:     Miss  f5°V?=     ^li^'    9-    ^."irter.    115    South    Park    St. 

W.   Cooke.    Ottawa    Civic    Hospital,  ^^i'^'*;^V,°"""S=- '^*'%?-  SF'i'l^' i*  x9''''^I^* 

Ave.,    Ottawa.    Prmce    Edward    Island:    Miss    Do- 

_,                        ...            ^..       ^     T,      r    1,      T,        ,  rothy      Hennessey,      Charlottetown       Hospital, 
CocNciLLORs:    Alberta:    Miss    G.    Bamforth,    Royal  Charlottetown.     Quebec:     Miss     A.     M.    Robert, 
Alexandra   Hospital.    Edmonton.   British   Colum-  54^4^    St.    Denis    St.,    Montreal.    Saskatchewan: 
bta:    Miss    F.  McQuarrie.    Vancouver    General  Miss  R.  Wozny.  2216  Smith  St..  Regina. 
Hospital.   Manitoba:    Miss   D.    Ditchfield,   Child- 
ren's      Hospital.       Winnipeg.      New       Brunswick:  P„A/.V    JJ^^UU     C^^#;„„ 
Miss  Marion    Myers.   Saint  John    General   Hos-  fuoitc  neaitn    section 
pital     Nova   Scotia:    Sister  Man-   Peter.    St.    Jo-  Chairman:    Miss    M.    Kerr.    Eburne.    B.C.     Vice- 
sephs    Hospital.    Glace    Bay.    Ontario:    Miss    L.  chairman:    Miss    W.    Dawson.    Health    Centre, 
2j     .S°"t-,     !i"^*>?"    ^^"^'■^1    Hospital.    Prmce  g^jnt   jQ^n,   N.B.   Secretary-Treasurer:   Miss   L. 
Ltn^-    'H'oTp1;al,''fumS/s!!fe.^S'u:bec:'^''S  C-^'---    ="»    Spruce    St..    Vancouver,    B.C. 
M.    Batson.    Montreal    General    Hospital.    Sas-  Councillors:   Alberta:    Miss   Helen   Garfield.    713- 
katehewan:      Miss  A.  F.  Lawrie,  Regina  General  3rd   St.    E.,    Calgarj-.    British   Columbia:    Miss    F. 
Hospital.  Innes,   1922   Adanac  St.     Vancouver,   Manitoba: 

Miss    F.    King,    46    Balmoral    Place.    Winnipeg. 

General   Nursing  Section  N**^    Brunswick:    Miss    A     Burns     Health    Cen- 

•  tre.    Saint    John.    Nova    Scotia:    Miss    Jean    For- 

Chairman:  Miss  M.  Baker,  249  Victoria  St.,  Lon-  bes,     314    Roy    Bldg.,     Halifax.    Ontario:    Miss 

don.    Ont.    First    Vice-Chairman:    Miss    F.    M.  W.      Ashplant,      807     Waterloo     St.,      London. 

H.  Brown.  WolfviUe.  N.  S.  Second  Vice-Chair-  Prince   Edward    Island:    Miss   Margaret   Darling. 

man;     Miss     P.     Brownell,     212     Balmoral     St.,  Alberton.  Quebec:    Mile  A.  Martineau,  Dept.  of 

Winnipeg.    Man.    Secretar>'-Treasurer:    Miss    A.  Health.    City    of    Montreal.    Saskatchewan:    Miss 

Conroy,    404   Regent   St.,    London,    Ont.  Gladys    McDonald,    6    Maj-fair    Apts..    Regina. 

4S9 


Provincial  Associations  of  Registered  Nurses 


ALBERTA 

Alberta    Association    of    Registered    Nur*«t 

Pres.,  Miss  Rae  Chittick,  815-l8th  Ave.  W., 
Calgary;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Catherine  M. 
Clibborn,  University  of  Alberta  Hospital.  Ed- 
monton ;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Sister  M.  Beatrice,  St. 
Michael's  Hospital,  Lethbridge ;  Sec-  Treas.  & 
Registrar,  Mrs.  A.  E.  Vango,  St.  Stephen's  Col- 
lege. Edmonton ;  Councillors :  Miss  B.  A.  Beattie, 
Provincial  Mental  Hospital,  Ponoka,  Miss  G. 
Bamforth,  Miss  H.  M.  Garfield,  Miss  A.  J.  Carl- 
son ;  Chairmen  of  Sections :  Hospital  &  School 
of  Nursing  Miss  Gena  Bamforth,  Royal  Alex- 
andra Hospital,  Edmonton ;  Public  Health,  Miss 
Helen  M.  Garfield.  713-3rd  St.  E.,  Calgary; 
General  Nurs'iig,  Miss  Annie  J.  Carlson,  112- 
10th  Ave.  N.  W.,  Calgary;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian 
yurse.  Miss  Violet  Chapman,  Royal  Alexandra 
Hospital,   Edmonton. 

Ponoka    District,    No.    2,    Alberta    Association    of 
Registered   Nurses 

Chairman.  Miss  Margaret  McLean;  Vice-Chair- 
man,  Miss  Karen  Westerlund;  Secretary-Treas- 
urer, Miss  Margaret  Tamblyn,  Provincial  Mental 
Hospital,  Ponoka;  Representative  to  The  Cana- 
dian Nurse,   Miss  Nessa   Leckie. 

Calgary    District,    No.    3,    Alberta    Association    of 
Registered    Nurses 

Chairman,  Miss  Kathleen  Connor,  Central 
Alberta  Sanatorium;  Vice-Chairman,  Miss  M. 
Deane-Freeman ;  Secretary,  Miss  M.  Richards, 
Holy  Cross  Hospital,  Calgary;  Treasurer,  Miss 
M.  Watt;  Conveners  of  Sections:  Hospital  & 
School  of  Nursing,  Miss  J.  Connal;  Public 
Health,  Miss  A.  Dick;  General  Nursing,  Miss 
G.   Thome. 

Medicine   Hat   District,   No.   4,   Alberta   Association 
of    Registered    Nurses 

Chairman,  Miss  C.  E.  Mary  Rowles.  Medicine 
Hat  General  Hospital;  Vice-Chairman,  Miss  M. 
Hagerman,  Y.W.C.A..  Medicine  Hat;  Secretary- 
Treasurer.  Miss  M.  M.  Webster,  558  Fourth 
Street.  Medicine  Hat;  Entertainment  Com- 
mittee: Miss  Green,  Miss  Weeks,  Mrs.  D. 
Fawcett. 

Edmonton   District,   No.    7,    Alberu    Association   of 
Registered  Nurses 

Chairman,  Miss  L  Johnson;  First  Vice-Chair- 
man, Mrs.  O.  Porritt;  Sec.  Vice-Chairman,  Rev. 
Sr.  Clotilda;  Sec.  Miss  G.  Bamforth,  Royal 
Alexandra  Hospital,  Edmonton;  Treas.,  Miss  V 
Leadlay;  Committee  Conveners:  Program,  Miss 
H.  Mc Arthur;  Membership,  Miss  Lindsay;  Reps. 
to:  Local  Council  of  Women,  Miss  V.  Chap- 
man; The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  G.  Vicars. 

Lethbridge    District,    No.    8,    Alberta    Association    of 
Registered    Nurses 

Chairman,  Miss  Jean  MacKenzie,  1120  Sixth 
Avenue.  South.  Lethbridge;  Vice-Chairman.  Miss 
Ann  Kostuik;  Secretary,  Miss  Marjorie  Bair, 
Gait  Hospital.  Lethbridje;  Treasurer,  Miss  Ruth 
Hooper. 

BRITISH   COLUMBIA 

Registered    Nurses    Association    of    British    Columbia 

Pres.,  Miss  M.  Duffield.  1675-lOth  Ave.  W., 
Vancouver;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  M.  E.  Kerr; 
Sec.    Vice-Pres.,    Miss   G.    M.    Fairley;    Sec,    Miss 


P.  Capelle,  Rm.  715,  Vancouver  Block,  Van- 
couver; Registrar,  Miss  Evelyn  Mallory,  Rm. 
715,  Vancouver  Block,  Vancouver;  Councillors'. 
Miss  E.  Clark,  Miss  L.  Creelman,  Sr.  Colum- 
kille,  Sr.  M.  Gregory,  Miss  F.  H.  Walker;  Con- 
veners of  Sections:  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing, 
Miss  F.  McQuarrie.  Vancouver  General  Hospital; 
Public  Health,  Miss  F.  Innes,  1922  Adanac  St. 
Vancouver;  General  Nursing,  Mrs.  E.  B.  Thom- 
son, 1095  W.  14th  Ave.,  Vancouver;  Press,  Miss 
M.   E.   Macdonell,   2570   Spruce   St.,    Vancouver. 

MANITOBA 

Manitoba     Association     of     Registered     NursM 

President,  Miss  A.  McKee,  V.O.N.,  Medical 
Arts  Bldg.,  Winnipeg;  First  Vice-Pres.,  MissK. 
McNally,  General  Hospital,  Brandon;  Sec.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Miss  I.  McDiarmid,  363  Langside  St.,  Win- 
nipeg; Hon.  Sec,  Mrs.  H.  Copeland.  Misericordi* 
Hospital.  Winnipeg;  Members  of  Board:  Major 
P.  Payton,  Grace  Hospital,  Winnipeg;  Miss  W. 
Grice,  St.  Boniface  Out-Patient  Dept. ;  Rev.  Sister 
Breux,  St.  Boniface  Hospital;  Miss  L.  Stewart, 
168  Chestnut  St.,  Winnipeg;  Miss  H.  Coram,  17» 
Chestnut  St.,  Winnipeg;  Miss  P.  Hart,  Melita; 
Miss  C.  Lynch,  Winnipeg  General  Hospital;  Miss 
L.  Nordquist,  Carman  General  Hospital;  Coi^ 
veners  of  Sections:  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing, 
Miss  D.  Ditchfield.  Children's  Hospital,  Winni- 
peg; General  Nursing,  Miss  C.  Bourgeault,  St. 
Boniface  Hospital;  Public  Health,  Miss  F.  King, 
Ste.  1.  Greysolon  Apts.,  Winnipeg;  Committee 
Conveners:  Instructors  Group,  Mrs.  Copeland, 
Misericordia  Hospital,  Winnipeg;  Social,  Miss  L. 
Kelly,  753  Wolseley  Ave.,  Winnipeg;  Visiting. 
Miss  J.  Stothart.  320  Sherbrooke  St.,  Winnipeg; 
Membership,  Miss  A.  Danilevitch,  St.  Boniface 
Out-Patient  Dept.;  Nightingale  Memorial  Fund, 
Miss  Z.  Beattie.  St.  Boniface  Hospital;  Repre- 
sentatives to:  Council  of  Social  Agencies,  MIm 
F.  Robertson.  753  Wolseley  Ave.,  Winnipeg;  Red 
Cross,  Miss  C.  Maddin.  Bureau  of  Child  Hygiene, 
Aberdeen  Ave.,  Winnipeg;  The  Canadian  Nurse, 
To  be  appointed;  Local  Council  of  Women,  Mrs. 
A.  L.  Wheeler,  Ste.  1,  221  Wellington  Cres.;  Red 
Cross  War  Council,  Miss  I.  Broadfoot,  2b  Anvers 
Apts.,  Winnipeg;  Secretary-Treasurer,  Miss  Ger- 
trude Hall,  212  Balmoral  St.,  Winnipeg. 


NEW  BRUNSWICK 

New  Brunswick  Association  of  Registered  Nurse* 
Pres..  Sister  Kerr,  Hotel  Dieu  Hospital, 
Campbellton;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  A.  J.  Mac- 
Master;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  L.  Smith;  Hon. 
Sec,  Miss  L.  Bartsch ;  Councillors:  Mrs.  G.  E. 
van  Dorsser,  Saint  John;  Miss  D.  Parsona. 
Fredericton;  Sister  Anne  de  Parede,  Moncton; 
Miss  B.  M.  Hadrill.  Newcastle;  Miss  L.  Bartsch. 
Saint  John;  Misses  R.  Follis.  M.  McMullen.  St. 
Stephen;  Miss  E.  M.  Tulloch,  Woodstock;  Sec- 
Treas.-Registrar,  Miss  Alma  Law,  Health  Cen- 
tre, Saint  John;  Conveners  of  Sections:  Hospital 
&  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  M.  Myers;  General 
Nursing,  Miss  M.  Kay;  Public  Health,  Miss  A. 
A.  Burns;  Conveners  of  Committees:  Legislation. 
Miss  B.  L.  Gregory;  Instruction,  Miss  Boyd,  St. 
Stephen;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  H.  Cahill. 

NOVA  SCOTIA 

Registered   Nurses    Association    of   Nova   Sroi'a 

Pres.,  Miss  Marjorie  Jenkins,  Children's  Ho§ 
pital,  Halifax;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  D.  J.  Gillls, 
Windsor  Jet.;  Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  J.  Watkins, 
63  Henry  St.,  Halifax:  Third  Vice-Pres..  Misi  A. 
E.  Fenton,  Dalhousie  P.  H.  Clinic.  Halifax;  Rec. 
Sec.  Mrs.  C.  W.  Bennett.  98  Erlward  St..  H» 
lifax;  Registrar-Treasurer-Corresponding  Secrete- 


OFFICIAL    DIRECTORY 


441 


ry.  Miss  Jean  C.  Dunning,  41S  Dennis  Bldg.,  Hali- 
fax; Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Flora 
Anderson,    General   Hospital,   Glace   Bay. 


ONTARIO 

Registered    Nurses    Association    of    Ontario 

Pres.,  Miss  Mildred  I.  Walker:  First  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  J.  Masten:  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  B. 
Anderson;  Sec.-Treas.,  Miss  Matilda  E.  Fitz- 
gerald, Rm.  630.  86  Bloor  St.  \V..  Toronto;  C/iair- 
men  of  Sections:  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing, 
Miss  L.  D.  Acton,  Kingston  General  Hospital; 
General  Nursing,  Miss  D.  Ogilvie.  .34  Gilchrist 
Ave..  Ottawa;  Public  Health,  Miss  W.  Ashplant, 
807  Waterloo  St.,  London;  Chairmen  of  Districts: 
Mrs.  C.  Salmon.  Miss  M.  Bliss  Miss  M.  Buchan- 
an, Miss  K.  McNamara,  Miss  I.  Shaw,  Miss  M. 
Crawford,  Miss  M.  Stewart,  Miss  J.  Smith,  Miss 
M.  Buss. 

District    1 

Chairman.  Mrs.  C.  I.  Salmon;  First  Vice- 
Chairman,  Major  D.  Barr;  Sec. — Treas.,  Miss 
A.  Kennv.  Aberdeen  Hotel.  Chatham;  Co^in- 
cillors:  Misses  Stewart,  Wightman,  Rathwell, 
Shaw,  Perrin,  Gray,  Mrs.  Wilson;  Conveners: 
Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  P.  Camp- 
bell; General  Nursing,  Miss  H.  O'Mahoney; 
Ptiblic  Health.  Miss  M.  Armstrong;  Enrolment, 
Miss  D.  Birrell. 

Districts   2   and    3 

Chairman.  Miss  Mary  F.  Bliss;  First  Vice- 
Chairman,  Mrs.  K.  Cowie;  Second  Vice-Chair- 
man.  Miss  Olive  Waterman;  Secretary-Treasu- 
rer. Miss  Hilda  D.  Muir,  Brantford  General 
Hospital;  Councillors:  Misses  E.  Eby,  F.  Mc- 
Kenzie,  G.  Westbrook,  M.  Grieve,  C.  Atwood, 
L.   Trusdale. 

District   4 

Chairman.  Miss  M.  Buchanan;  First  Vice- 
Chairman.  Miss  E.  Ewart;  Sec.  Vice-Chairman. 
Miss  A.  Scheifele:  Sec.-Treas.,  Miss  G.  Coul- 
thart,  192  Wellington  St.  N.,  Hamilton;  Coun- 
cillors: Sister  Mar>-  Grace,  Misses  Brewster, 
Cameron.  Wright.  Mrs.  Day,  N/S  Boyd;  Con- 
veners :  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Sr.  Eileen ; 
Public  Health.  Miss  H.  Snedden;  General  Nurs- 
ing Miss  S.  Murray;  Emergency  Nursing,  Mrs. 
A.  Haygarth. 

District   S 

Chairman.  Miss  K.  McNamara;  First  Vice- 
Chairman,  Miss  P.  Morrison ;  Sec.-Treas.,  Mrs.  G. 
L.  Williamson  24  Drake  Cres.,  Scarboro  Bluffs; 
Councillors:  Misses  I.  Weirs,  G.  Jones,  J.  Mit- 
chell, E.  Grant,  R.  Russell,  A.  Reddon ;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  General  Nursing,  Miss  M. 
Hughes;  Public  Health,  Miss  L.  Pettigrew;  Hos- 
pital &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  B.  MacPhedran. 

District   6 

Chairman,  Miss  I.  Shaw;  First  Vice-Chairman. 
Miss  M.  McKenzie;  Sec.  Vice-Chairman.  Miss  E. 
Covert;  Third  Vice-Chairman.  Miss  E.  W^ right; 
Sec.-Treas..  Miss  V.  Taylor,  General  Hospital,  Co- 
bourg:  Conveners:  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing, 
Miss  E.  Young;  General  Nursing,  Mrs.  E.  Brack- 
enrir'ge;  Public  Health,  Miss  H.  McGear>':  Mem- 
bership, Miss  N.  Brown;  Enrolment,  Miss  E. 
Meeks;   Finance,  Miss  F.  Fitzgerald. 

District   7 

Chairman,  Miss  M.  Crawford;  Vice-Chairman. 
Miss  E.  Ardill;  Sec.-Treas.,  Miss  E.  Sharp,  King- 
ston General  Hospital ;  Councillors :  Misses  E. 
Freeman.  V.  Manders,  Hanna,  E.  Moffatt,  Ga- 
van.   Rev.    Sr.    Donovan;    Conveners:   Hospital   & 


School  of  Nursing,  Miss  L.  Acton;  General 
Nursing,  Miss  E.  MacLean;  Public  Health.  Miss 
D.  Storms;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss 
B.    Coulter. 

District   8 

Chairman,  Miss  M.  Stewart;  First  Vice-Chair- 
man, Rev.  Sr.  M.  Evangeline;  Sec.  Vice-Chair- 
man, Miss  P.  Walker;  Sec.-Treas..  Miss  J.  Stock, 
390  Chapel  St.,  Ottawa;  Councillors:  Misses  I. 
Allen.  L.  Brule.  W.  Cooke.  V.  Foran,  M.  Lowry, 
H.  O'Meara;  ConvcTiers:  Hospital  &  School  of 
Nursing,  Rev.  Sr.  St.  Godfrey;  Public  Health, 
Miss  C.  Livingston;  General  Nursing,  Miss  F. 
Nevins;  Pembroke  Chapter,  Mrs.  B.  Kipke;  Corn- 
wall Chapter,  Miss  M.  McWhinnie;  Rep.  to  The 
Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  H.  Tanner. 

District   9 

Chairman.  Miss  J.  Smith,  Gravenhurst;  First 
Vice-Chairman.  Miss  K.  MacKenzie,  North  Bay; 
Sec.  Vice-Chairman,  Miss  A.  McGregor,  Sault 
Ste.  Marie;  Sec,  Miss  F.  Geddis.  Plummer 
Memorial  Hospital,  Sault  Ste.  Marie;  Treas.. 
Miss  R.  Buchanan,  Sanitarium  P.  O. ;  Conveners: 
Public  Health,  Miss  H.  E.  Smith,  New  Liskeard; 
Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  A.  Riordan. 
Sudbury;  General  Nursing,  Mrs.  E.  Sheridan. 
Sudbury;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Sr.  Teresa  of 
the   Sacred    Heart,   Sault   Ste.   Marie. 

District  10 

Chairman,  Miss  M.  Buss,  The  Sanatorium,  Fort 
William;  Vice-Chairman,  Miss  Alice  Hunter: 
Sec.-Treas.,  Miss  Dorothy  Chedister,  General 
Hospital.  Port  Arthur;  Councillors:  Miss  J.  Ho- 
garth, Miss  V.  Lovelace,  Miss  J.  Berry;  Ccnn- 
mittee  Conveners:  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing, 
Miss  L.  Horwood:  General  Nursing,  Miss  I.  Mor- 
rison:  Public  Health,  Miss  Q.   Donaldson. 

PRINCE    EDWARD    ISLAND 

Prince  Edward  Island  Registered  Nurses 
Association 
Pres..  Miss  Katharine  MacLennan,  Provincial 
Sanatorium,  Charlottetown ;  Vice-Pres..  Miss  Ma- 
ry Devereaux,  New  Haven:  Sec.  Miss  Anna 
Mair,  P.E.I.  Hospital,  Charlottetown:  Treas.  & 
Registrar,  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Magdalen,  Charlottetown 
Hospital:  Chairmen  of  Sections:  Hospital  & 
School  of  Nursing,  Miss  Georgie  Brown,  Prince 
Co.  Hospital,  Summerside:  General  Nursing,  Miss 
Dorothy  Hennessey,  Charlottetown  Hospital, 
Charlottetown:  Public  Health,  Miss  Margaret 
Darling,    Alberton. 

QUEBEC 

Association  of  Registered  Nurses  of  the  Province 
of  Quebec  (Incorporated,  1920) 
President.  Miss  Eileen  C.  Flanagan;  Vice- 
President  (English),  Miss  Mabel  K.  Holt;  Vice- 
President  (French),  Rev.  Soeur  Valerie  de  la 
Sagesse;  Honourary  Secretary,  Mile  Alice  Al- 
bert; Honourary  Treasurer.  Miss  Fanny  Mun- 
roe:  Members  u-ithout  Office:  Misses  Marion 
Nash.  Mary  Ritchie.  Miles  Roy,  Trudel,  Giroux; 
Advisory  Board:  Miasea  Jean  S.  Wilson. 
Margaret  L.  Moag.  Catherine  M.  Ferguson. 
Marion  Lindeburgh.  Miles  Anysie  Deland, 
.Maria  Beaumier.  Edna  Lvnch;  Conveners  of 
Sections:  General  Nursing  (English),  To  be 
appointed:  General  Nursing  (French),  Mile 
Anne-Marie  Robert,  5484-A  rue  St.  Denis. 
Montreal;  Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing  (Eng- 
lish), Miss  Martha  Batson.  Montreal  General 
Hospital;  Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing 
(French),  Rev.  Soeur  Mance  Decarj'.  Hopital  No- 
tre-Dame.  Montreal;  Public  Health  (English), 
Miss  Kathleen  Dickson,  Royal  Edward  Institute, 
Montreal:  Public  Health  (French).  Mile  Annon- 
ciade  Martineau.  1034  rue  St.  Denis,  Apt.  6. 
Montreal:  Board  ot  Frnminers:  Mis«  .Mary 
Mathewson  (convener).  Misses  Norena  S.  Mac- 
kenzie. Madeleine  Flander,  Miles  Alexina  Mar- 
onesaiiult.    Anvsie    Deland.   Snianne   Girnux:    Ex«»- 


442 


THE   CANADIAN    NURSE 


cutive  Secretary,  Registrar,  and  Official  School 
Visitor,  Miss  E.  Frances  Upton.  Room  1019,  Me- 
dical Arts  Bldg.,  1538  Sherbrooke  St.  West, 
Montreal. 

SASKATCHEWAN 

Saskatchewan    Registered    Nunc*    Asa«ctMio« 
(IncorpantMl    1917) 

President.  Miss  M.  Diederlchs,  Regina  Grey 
Nuns  Hospital;  First  Vice-President,  Miss  M. 
Ingham,  Moose  Jaw  General  Hospital;  Second 
Vice-President,  Miss  E.  Pearston,  Melfort;  Coun- 
cillors :  Miss  M.  E.  Grant,  922-9th  Ave.  N., 
Saslcatoon:  Miss  M.  Pierce,  Wolseley;  Chairmen 
of  Sections:  General  Nursing,  Miss  R.  Woany, 
1216    Smith    St.,    Regina;    Hospital   &    School   of 


Nursing,  Miss  A.  F.  Lawrie,  Regina  General' 
Hospital;  Public  Health,  Miss  Gladys  McDonald. 
6  Mayfair  Apts.,  Regina;  Secretary-Treasurer. 
Registrar  and  Advisor,  Schools  for  Nurses,  MIm 
K.  W.  Ellis,  University  of  Saskatchewan.  Sa« 
katoon. 

Regina    Registered    Nurses    Association 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  A.  Lawrie;  Pres.,  Miss  K 
Morton;  Vlce-Pres..  Miss  R.  Simpson;  Sec,  Mis* 
E.  Howard,  General  Hospital;  Treas.  &  Re- 
gistrar, Miss  L.  Dahl ;  Conveners :  Registry,  Mis^ 
L.  Lynch;  Membership,  Miss  K.  McLachlan;  En 
tertainment.  Miss  Spelliscy;  General  Nursing, 
Miss  R.  Wozny;  Public  Health,  Miss  F.  Dean  r 
HospitaJ  &  School  of  Nursing.  Miss  M.   Zens. 


Alumnae  Associations 


ALBERTA 

A.A.,    Calgary    General  -Hospital,    Calgary 

Hon.  Pres.,  Misses  S.  Maddonald.  A.  Hebert; 
Hon.  Members:  Misses  M.  Moodie,  J.  Murphy,  A. 
Casey;  Pres.  Mrs.  A.  Warrington;  First  Vice- 
Pres.,  Mrs.  G.  McPherson;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs. 
T.  Ellis;  Rec.  Sec,  Mrs.  J.  Mclntyre;  Corr. 
Sec,  Miss  J.  Gumming,  238  Crescent  Rd.;  Treas., 
Mrs.  B.  Charles;  Membership,  Mrs.  A.  Wilson; 
Press,  Miss  C.  Rose. 

A.A.,    Holy    Crosf    Hospital,    Calgary 

President,  Mrs.  Cyril  Holloway;  First  Vice- 
President,  Mrs.  D.  Overand;  Second  Vice-Presi- 
dent. Miss  L.  Aiken ;  Recording  Secretary,  Mrs. 
B.  McAdam;  Corresponding  Secretary,  Mrs.  J. 
E.  Hood,  211  Anderson  Apts.;  Treasurer,  Mrs. 
E.   Bragg. 

A. A.,  Edmonton  General  Hospital,  Edmonton 

Hon.  Pres..  Sr.  M.  O'Grady,  Sr.  F.  Neuhausel; 
Pres.,  Miss  E.  Bietsch;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  R. 
Price;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  J.  Slavik,  E.G.H.;  Rec. 
Sec,  Miss  A.  Strochinski ;  Treas.,  Miss  E. 
Wallsmith;  Private  Duty,  Miss  M.  Hozak;  Visit- 
ing Committee:  Misses  Nelson,  Deschatelets ; 
Standing  Committee:  Misses  Kuntz,  Beaton, 
Barden,   Ryan,   Mrs.   Lowing. 

A.A.,    Royal   Alexandra   Hospital,   Edmonton 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  M.  Eraser;  Pres.,  Miss 
Einarson ;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  I.  Johnson ; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  R.  Boyd;  Rec.  Sec,  Mrs. 
M.  Hall;  Corr.  Sec.  Mrs.  W.  White,  R.A.H.; 
Treas.,  Miss  F.  Toby;  Committee  Conveners: 
Program,  Mrs.  J.  White;  Visiting,  Miss  T. 
Holm;  Social,  Miss  K.  Dunlop;  News  Letter, 
Miss  A.  Piercy;  Benefit,  Miss  L  Johnson; 
Scholarship,  Miss  G.  Allyn;  Executive:  Miss  A. 
Anderson,   Mmes  J.   F.   Thompson,   P.  Baker. 

A.A.,     University    of     Alberta    Hospital,    Edmonton 

Honourary  President.  Miss  Helen  S.  Peters 
President,  Mrs.  D.  Payment;  Vice-President, 
Miss  S.  Greene;  Recording  Secretary.  Mrs.  A 
Ward;  Corresponding  Secretary.  Mrs.  S.  Gra 
ham,  10448-126th  Street;  Treasurer,  Miss  D 
Wright;  Executive  Committee:  Mrs.  W.  Slean 
Miss  K.  Chapman,  Miss  B.  Fane.  Miss  D.  Hay 
cock. 

A. A.,   Lamont   Public   Hospital,   Lament 

Honourary  President,  Miss  F.  E.  Welsh, 
Goderich.  Ont. :  President.  Mrs.  R.  H.  Shears; 
First  Vice-President,  Mrs.  G.  Archer;  Second 
Vice-President.  Mrs.  G.  Harrolld;  Secretary- 
Treasurer.   Mrs.   B.   L   Love.   Elk   Island   National 


Park.  Lamont;  News  Editor,  Mrs.  Peterson,. 
Hardisty;  Convener,  Social  Committee,  Miss  C. 
Stewart. 

A.A.,     Vegreville     General     Hospital,     Vegreville 

Hon.  President,  Sister  Anna  Keohane;  Hon. 
Vice-President.  Sister  J.  Boisseau ;  President,. 
Mrs.  Stanley  Walker,  Vegreville;  Vice-President,. 
Mrs.  Rennie  Landry,  Vegreville;  Secretary- 
Treasurer,  Miss  Annie  Askin,  Box  213,  Vegre 
vilJe;    Visiting   Committee    (chosen    monthly). 


BRITISH  COLUMBIA 

A. A.,    St.    Paul's    Hospital,    Vancouver 

Hon.  Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Phillipe;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Columbkille;  Pres.,  Miss  J. 
Mitchell;  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  F.  Engby;  Sec,  Miss 
B.  Falk,  8776-33  Ave.  W;  Treas.,  Miss  E.  Atter- 
bine;  Registrar,  Miss  Stewart;  Committee  Con- 
veners: Social,  Miss  Walters;  Program,  Miss  M» 
Bell;  Visiting,  Miss  McCauley;  Mutual  Benefit, 
Miss  McGee;  Press,  Miss  N.  Johnson;  Rep.  ta 
The   Canadian  Nurse,   Miss  C.   Bryant. 

A. A..    Vancouver  General    Hospital,   Vancouver 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  G.  Fairley;  Pres.,  Miss  F. 
Innes:  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  L.  Creelman;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  A.  Grundy;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  N. 
Cunningham;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  L.  Lore,  1589  E. 
Broadway;  Treas.,  Mrs.  F.  L.  Faulkner;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  Mutual  Benefit,  Miss  M.  Ed- 
wards; Visiting,  Mrs.  M.  Appleby;  Social,  Mrs. 
G.  E.  Gillies;  Membership,  Miss  W.  Neen;  Re- 
freshment, Miss  S.  McDiarmid;  Program,  Mrs. 
R.  Stevens;   Rep.  to  Press,  Miss  M.  Mcdonnell. 

A. A.,    Royal    Jubilee    Hospital,    Victoria 

President,  Mrs.  D.  J.  Hunter;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Mrs.  D.  MacLoud;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  R.  Klrk- 
endale;  Sec.  Mrs.  J.  A.  McCague,  1046  View  St. 
W.,  No.  6;  Assist.  Sec.  Miss  M.  Bawden ;  Treas., 
Mrs.  Jack  Boorman,  2957  Foul  Bay  Rd.;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  Visiting,  Mrs.  F.  Hall;  Mem- 
bership, Mrs.  J.  Boorman;  Rep.  to  Press,  Miss 
D.  Van. 

A. A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    Victoria 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sr.  M.  Kathleen;  Hon.  Vice-Pres.. 
Sr.  M.  Gregory;  Pres.,  Mrs.  G.  Rose;  Vice- 
Pres..  Mrs.  J.  Grant;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  J. 
Welch;'  Rec.  Sec.  Mrs.  J.  Stokes;  Corr.  Sec, 
Miss  G.  Wahl.  St.  Joseph's  Hospital;  Treas., 
Miss  M.  Murphy;  Press,  Miss  J.  Cooney;  Coun- 
cillors: Mmes  Ridewood,  Bryant,  Sinclair,  Lewis; 
Vital   Statistics,   Miss   Cruickshank, 


OFFICIAL    DIRECTORY 


443 


MANITOBA 

A.A.,  St.   Boniface  Hospital,  St.   Boniface 

Hon.  Pres..  Rev.  Sr.  Superior;  Hon,  Vlce- 
Pres.,  Mrs.  W.  Crosby;  Pres.,  Mrs.  W.  McEl- 
heran;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  S.  Wright;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  W.  Grice;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  H. 
Fairbaim;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  D.  Webster,  181 
River  Ave..  Winnipeg;  Treas..  Miss  H.  Oliver; 
Archivist,  Miss  Margason;  Advisory  Committee: 
Miss  MacCallum,  Mmes  McEIheran,  Greville. 
Groelle.  L'Eucyer.  Rev.  Sr.  Superior;  Conveners: 
Visiting,  Miss  Johnson;  Social  &  Program,  Miss 
Rungay;  Membership,  Miss  Vandecar;  Reps,  to 
The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Watson;  M.A.R.N., 
Miss  Troendle;  Man.  Directory,  Mrs.  Shinmow- 
ski;   Local  Council  of  Women,  Mrs.   Shankman. 


A. A.,    Children's    Hospital,    Winnipeg 

Pres..  Mrs.  W.  Stewart;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss 
M.  Perley;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  E.  Hyndman;  Corr. 
Sec,  Miss  E.  Young,  91  Home  St.;  Treas.,  Miss 
B.  Thain,  21  Stratford  Hall;  Conveners:  Program, 
Miss  M.  Smith;  Ways  &  Means,  Mrs.  H.  Moore; 
Visiting  &  Red  Cross,  Mrs.  Campbell;  Member- 
ship, Miss  R.  Hutton ;  News  Editor,  Mrs.  G.  Jack. 


A. A.,    Winnipeg    General    Hospital,    Winnipeg 

Hon.  Pres..  Mrs.  A.  W.  Moody;  Pres.,  Miss  I. 
McDiarmid;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  C.  Lethbridge; 
Sec  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  T.  Wiggins;  Third  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  E.  Wilson;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  J.  Smith;  Corr. 
Sec,  Miss  T.  Fredrickson.  630  Maryland  St.; 
Treas.,  Miss  F.  Stratton ;  Committee  Conveners : 
Program,  Mrs.  W.  H.  Anderson ;  Membership, 
Miss  B.  V.  Seeman;  Visiting,  Mrs.  J.  F.  Page; 
Journal,  Mrs.  W.  G.  Beaton ;  School  of  Nursing, 
Miss  G.  Hall;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  H. 
Smith;  Central  Directory,  Miss  A.  Howard; 
Archixfist,  Miss  M.  Stewart;  Jubilee.  Miss  P. 
Bonner;  Council  of  Women,  Miss  M.  McGilvray: 
Council  of  Social  Agencies,  Miss   B.   McClung. 


A. A.,    Halifax    Infirmary,    Halifax 

Pres.,  Miss  Dorothy  Turner;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss 
Rita  Maclnnes;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  Elisabeth  Mac- 
Dougall;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  Loretta  Pertus,  lllVi 
Morris  St.;  Treas..  Miss  Gertrude  Shortall; 
Committee  Conveners:  Visiting,  Miss  Eisen- 
hauer;  Entertainment,  Miss  Mary  Ready;  Press, 
Miss  Margaret  Grant;  Librarian,  Miss  Shafer; 
Nominating,  Mrs.  Power. 


A. A.,     Victoria     General     Hospital,     Halifax 

Pres..  Miss  Agnes  Cox.  Tuberculosis  Hospi- 
tal; Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  E.  MacQuade;  Sec.  Miss 
Grace  Porter,  267  South  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  Helen 
Joncas,  Victoria  General  Hospital:  Committee 
Conveners:  Entertainment,  Misses  M.  Ripley,  A. 
Power;  Refreshments,  Mrs.  Cullen.  Miss  Ger- 
ralse;  Visiting,  Misses  G.  Byers.  H.  Watson; 
Private    Duty,    Miss    Isobel    Macintosh. 


NEW   BRUNSWICK 


ONTARIO 


A. A..     Belleville     General     Hospital,     Belleville 

Pres.,  Miss  D.  Williams;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss 
X.  DiCola;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Peacock; 
Sec.  Miss  Edna  Sullivan.  General  Hospital; 
Treas..  Miss  M.  Leurj';  Registrar.  Miss  M.  Dun- 
can; Committee  Conveners:  Flowers,  Miss  D. 
Hogle:  Social,  Miss  D.  Warren;  Program.  Miss 
.M.  Fitzgerald:  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse  & 
Press,   Miss   M.   Plumton. 


A. A.,     Brantford     General      Hospital,     Brancford 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  McKee;  Pres.,  Mrs.  S. 
Barber:  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  A.  Grierson;  Sec,  Miss 
I.  Fe«ly,  General  Hospital ;  Treas.,  Miss  J.  Rou- 
sell;  Committee  Conveners:  Social,  Mrs.  G. 
Thompson,  Miss  M.  Robertson ;  Flower,  Misses  N. 
Vardley,  R.  Moffat:  Gift,  Misses  K.  Charnley,  H. 
Muir;  Reps,  to:  The  Canadian  Nurse  &  Press, 
Miss  M.  Copeland;  Private  Duty  Section,  Miss  E. 
Scott ;  Local  Council  of  Women,  Mmes  W.  Rid- 
dolls.  A.  MIzon,  R.  Smith;  Red  Cross,  Miss  E. 
Lewis. 


A. A.,  Saint  John  General  Hospital,  Saint  John 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  E.  J.  Mitchell;  Pres.,  Miss 
G.  Brown:  First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  H.  L.  Ellis; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  S.  Hartley;  Sec.  Miss  F. 
Congdon.  S.J.G.H.;  Treas..  Miss  H.  Tracy, 
S.J.G.H. :  Assist.  Treas..  Miss  R.  Wilson;  Exe- 
cutive :  Misses  M.  Murdoch.  P.  White,  B.  Bain, 
Mrs.  J.  Wilson. 


A. A.,    Brockville    General    Hospital,    Brockville 

Hon.  Presidents.  Misses  A.  Shannette.  E. 
.Moffatt:  Pres..  Mrs.  M.  White;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Mrs.  W.  Cooke;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  L.  Merkley; 
.«;ec,  Miss  H.  Corbett.  127  Pearl  St.  E. :  Ass. 
Sec,  Mrs.  E.  Finlay;  Treas..  Mrs.  H.  Van  Dusen; 
Committee  Conveners:  Social,  Mrs.  H.  Green; 
Flower.  Miss  Kendrick;  Program,  Mrs.  Derry: 
Rep.   to   The  Canadian  Nurse,   Miss  Corbett. 


A. A.,    L.    P.    Fisher    Memorial    Hospital,    Woodstock 

President,  Mrs.  Hebec  Inghram;  Vice-Presi- 
dent. Mrs.  Wendall  Slipp.  Chapel  Street;  Se- 
cretary. Mrs.  Arthur  Peabody;  Treasurer,  Miss 
Nellie  Wallace:  Executive  Committee:  Miss  Mar- 
garet Parker,  Miss  Evelyn  Briggs.  Miss  Mabel 
Howe. 


NOVA    SCOTIA 


A. A.,  Public  General  Hospital,  Chatham 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  P.  Campbell:  Pres..  Miss  L. 
Hastings;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  F.  Armstrong; 
Rec  Sec.  Miss  V.  Carnes;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  M. 
Gilbert.  \0i  Harvey  St.;  Treas..  Miss  J.  Rickard; 
Committees:  Flowers:  Miss  Malott:  Social:  Miss 
Purcell.  Mrs.  Goldrick:  Refreshments:  Mrs. 
Bourne,  Miss  Houston:  Councillors:  Misses  Head, 
Dyer,  Baird.  McNaughton :  Reps,  to  Press:  Miss 
Patterson:  The  Canadian  Nurse:  Miss  L.  Smyth. 


A. A.,     Glace     Bay    General     Hospital,     Glace     Bay 

Pres..  Mrs.  F.  MacKinnion;  First  Vlce-Pre«.. 
Mrs.  W.  MacPherson:  Sec  Vice-Pres..  Mrs. 
H.  Spencer;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  B.  MacKenzie;  Corr. 
Sec.  Miss  F.  Anderson,  General  Hospital; 
Treas..  Miss  W.  MacLeod;  Committee  Convenera: 
Executive,  Miss  C.  Roney;  Visiting,  Mrs.  O. 
Turner;    Finance,    Miss    A.    Beaton. 


A. A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    Chatham 

Hon.  Pres..  Mother  M.  Pascal:  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres..  Sister  M.  St.  Anthony:  President,  Miss 
Hazel  Gray:  First  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  A.  E.  Ro- 
berts: Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  May  Boyle;  Secre- 
tary-Treasurer. Miss  Mary-Clare  Zink.  4  Robert- 
son Ave.;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  Anne  Kenny;  Repre- 
sentative to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Ursula 
O'Neill. 


444 


THE   CANADIAN    NURSE 


A. A.,     Carnwall     General     Hospital,     Cornwall 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  H.  C.  Wilson;  Pres.,  Miss  E. 
Allen;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  M.  Quail;  Sec- 
Treas.,  Miss  G.  Meyer,  General  Hospital;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  Program,  Miss  M.  Summers; 
Social  Finance,  Miss  M.  Franklin;  Flower:  Miss 
E.  Rustin,  Miss  G.  Meyer;  Visiting:  Mrs.  Wa- 
goner, Mrs.  Frayne;  Membership,  Miss  G.  Rowe; 
Kep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  B.  Kinkaid. 

A.A.,    Gait    Hoipiul,    Gait 

President.  Mrs.  E.  D.  Scott;  Vice-President, 
Miss  Hazel  Blagden;  Secretary,  Mrs.  A.  Bond, 
General  Hospital;  Treasurer,  Mrs.  W.  Bell;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  Social,  Miss  Claire  Murphy; 
Flower,  Miss  L.  MacNair;  Press,  Mrs.  J.  M. 
Byrne. 


A. A.,   Guelph   General   Hospital,   Guelph 

Honourary  President,  Miss  S.  A.  Campbell; 
PresiderJ:,  Miss  L.  Ferguson;  First  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Mrs.  F.  C.  McLeod;  Secretary,  Miss  Mary 
R.  Upward,  General  Hospital;  Treasurer,  Miss 
A.   Armstrong. 

A.A.,   St.   Joseph's    Hospital,   Guelph 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sr.  M.  Augustine;  Hon.  Vice-Pres., 
Sr.  M.  Dominica;  Pres..  Miss  Doris  Milton;  Vice- 
Pres.,  Miss  Eva  Murphy;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss  Hen- 
rietta McGillivary;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  Mary  Heffer- 
nan.  121  Duflin  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  Hazel  Harding; 
Social  Convener,  Miss  Marian  Meagher;  Rep. 
to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  M.  Heffeman. 

A.A.,  Hamilton  General  Hospital,  Hamiltoa 

Hon.  President,  Miss  C.  E.  Brewster;  Presi- 
dent, Miss  M.  O.  Watson;  First  Vice-President, 
Miss  M.  Watt;  Second  Vice-President,  Miss  N. 
Coles;  Recording  Secretary,  Mrs.  H.  Roy;  Cor- 
responding Secretary,  Miss  E.  Ferguson,  Ha- 
milton General  Hospital;  Treasurer,  Mrs.  W. 
N.  Paterson,  114  Traymore  St.;  Secretary-Treas- 
ursr,  Mutual  Benefit  Association,  Miss  H.  Sa- 
bine, 132  Ontario  Ave.;  Committee  Conveners: 
Executive,  Miss  E.  Bingeman;  Social,  Miss  H.  G. 
McCulloch;  Flowers,  Miss  G.  Servos;  Budget, 
Mrs.  H.  Roy. 

A.A.,   St.   Joseph's   Hospital,   HamiltMi 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sr.  M.  Alphonsa;  Hon.  Vice-Pres. 
Sr.  M.  Grace;  Pres.,  Miss  Iva  Loyst;  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  G.  Neal;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  F.  Nicholson; 
Corr.  Sec,  Miss  E.  Moran,  95  Victoria  Ave.  S.; 
Treas..  Miss  L.  Curry:  Representatives  to:  R.N.- 
A.O.,  Miss  A.  Williams,  515  Dundurn  St.  S.; 
The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Leona  Johnson, 
S.J.H. 

A.A.,  Hotel-Dieu,  Kingston 

Hon.  Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  Rouble;  Hon.  Vice-Pres., 
Mrs.  Elder;  Pres.,  Mrs.  J.  Hickey;  First  Vice- 
Pres..  Mrs.  I.  Fallon;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.  Mrs.  C. 
Keller;  Sec,  Miss  M.  Flood  380  Brock  St.;  Treas., 
Mrs.  M.  Heagle;  Committees:  Executive:  Mmes 
Lawler,  Ahem,  Carey,  Miss  McGarry;  Visiting: 
Misses  Murray,  Oswald;  Social:  Misses  Cotty, 
Collins;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse  Miss  M. 
Catlin. 

A.A.,   Kingston    General    Hospital,    Kingston 

Hon.  President.  Miss  L.  D.  Acton;  President, 
Mrs.  F.  W.  Atack,  Centre  St.;  First  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Mrs.  Graham  Campbell;  Sec.  Vice-President, 
Miss  E.  Freeman ;  Secretary,  Mrs.  Chas.  Ryder, 
811  Johnson  St.;  Treasurer.  Mrs.  C.  W.  Mallory, 
176  Alfred  St.;  Assist.  Treas..  Miss  P.  Timmer- 
man :    Press   Representative,   Miss   Mae   Porter. 


A. A.,    Kitchener    and    Waterloo    General     Hospital, 
Kitchener 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  K.  W.  Scott;  Pres.,  Mrs.  H. 
Christner;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  G.  Cornwall; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  E.  Carey;  Sec.  Miss  O. 
Daitz,  K.  &  W.  Hospital;  Treas..  Miss  E.  Jant- 
zen ;  Committee  Conveners:  Program,  Miss  M. 
McManus;  Lunch,  Mrs.  R.  Hodd;  Flowers:  Misses 
M.  McManus,  M.  McLean;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian 
Nurse,  Miss  A.  Leslie. 


A.A.,    St.    Mary's    Hospital,    Kitchener 

Hon.  Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Gerard;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Geraldine;  Pres..  Miss  Millie 
A.  G.  Brand ;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Jean  Pickard ; 
Rec.  Sec,  Miss  Melva  Lapsley;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss 
Marie  A.  Lorentz,  92  Victoria  St.  S.,  Waterloo; 
Treas.,   Miss   Beatrice   Hertel. 

A. A.,    Ross    Memorial    Hospital,    Lindsay 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  S.  Reid;  Pres..  Miss  C. 
Fallis;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  G.  Lehigh;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres..  Miss  D.  Wilson;  Sec,  Miss  H.  Hop- 
kins R.M.H. ;  Treas.,  Miss  A.  Hebber;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  Program,  Miss  V.  Pickins; 
Refreshments,  Miss  D.  Currins;  Flower,  Mrs, 
M.  I.  Thurston;  Red  Cross  Supply,  Miss  A. 
Flett;  Rep.  to  Press,  Miss  G.  McMillan. 

A.A.,  Ontario  Hospital,  London 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  F.  M.  Thomas;  Pres.,  Mrs.  F. 
Cline;  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  K.  Schlimme.  Miss  N. 
Stewart;  Sec,  Mrs.  M.  Millen,  398  Spruce  St.; 
Ass.  Sec,  Mrs.  E.  Stutt;  Treas.,  Miss  N.  Wil- 
liams; Committee  Conveners:  Flower,  Mrs.  E. 
Grosvener;  Social,  Misses  L.  Steele,  V.  Johnson; 
Social  Service,  Miss  F.  Stevenson ;  Parcels  for 
Armed  Forces,  Miss  N.  Williams;  PublicationSr 
Mrs.  P.  Robb. 


A.A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    London 

Hon.  Pres.,  Mother  M.  Theodore;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Sister  M.  Ruth;  Pres.,  Miss  L  Griffin; 
First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Russell;  Sec.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Miss  A.  Kelly;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  M.  Best, 
579  Waterloo  St.;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  B.  Crawford; 
Treas.,  Miss  A.  Schweitzer;  Committee  Con- 
veners: Social:  Misses  M.  Ings,  M.  Kelly;  Fi- 
nance: Misses  M.  Etue,  O.  O'Neil;  Reps,  to  Re- 
gistry: Misses  M.  Baker,  E.  Beger;  Press,  Miss 
M.  Regan. 


A. A.,  Victoria  Hospital,  London 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  H.  M.  Stuart;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Mrs.  A.  E.  Silverwood;  Pres.,  Miss  G. 
Erskine;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Stevenson; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  A.  Mallock;  Rec  Sec, 
Miss  A.  Versteeg;  Corr.  Sec,  Mrs.  M.  Ripley, 
422  Central  Ave.;  Treas.,  Miss  E.  O'Rourke,  188 
Colbourne  St.;  Publications:  Misses  L.  MacGu- 
gan,   E.  Stephens. 


A.A.,  Niagara  Falls  General  Hospital,  Niagara  Falls 


Hon.  Pres..  Miss  M.  Parks;  Pres.,  Mrs.  D. 
Mylchreest;  Hon.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Buchanan; 
First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  R.  Livingstone;  Sec.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Miss  D.  Scott;  Sec,  Mrs.  E.  Robins,  2432 
Ker  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  M.  Cooley,  730-4th  Ave.; 
Committees:  Visiting,  Miss  R.  Wilkinson:  Edu- 
cational, Miss  J.  McNally;  Membership,  Miss  V. 
Wigley;  Reps,  to:  The  Canadian  Nurse  & 
R.N.A.O.,  Miss  L  Hammond;  Press,  Mrs.  Ef- 
ferick. 


OFFICIAL    DIRECTORY 


445 


K.A.,    OrillU    Soldicri'    McmorUI    Hospiul,    Orillia 

Honourar>'  Presidents,  Miss  E.  Johnston,  Miss 
O.  Waterman;  President,  Mrs.  H.  Haonaford; 
Vice-Presidents,  Miss  C.  Buie.  Miss  M.  MacLel- 
land;  Treasurer,  Miss  L.  V.  MacKenzie,  21  WiJ- 
Uam  St.;  Secretary,  Miss  Muriel  Givens,  23  Albert 
St.;  Directors:  Misses  S.  Dudenhoffer,  B.  McFad- 
den.  G.  Adams;  Auditors:  Miss  F.  Robertson, 
Mrs.   H.   Burnet. 


A.A.,  Oshawa  General  Hospiul,  Oshawa 

Hon.  Presidents,  Misses  E.  MacWilliams,  B. 
Bell.  E.  Stuart;  Pres.,  Miss  M.  Green;  First 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  P.  Richardson ;  Sec.  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  M.  Gibson;  Sec,  Miss  M.  Anderson;  Corr. 
Sec.  Miss  L.  McKnight.  39  Elgin  St.  E.;  Treas., 
Miss  A.  Knott;  Committee  Conveners:  Program, 
Miss  H.  Trew,  Social,  Miss  D.  Brown;  Rep.  to 
The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  W.  Werry. 


A. A.,    Lady    Stanley    Inititute    (Incorporated    1918) 
Ottawa 

Hon.  Pres..  Mrs.  W.  S.  Lyman;  Pres.,  Mrs. 
W.  E.  Caven;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  G.  Halpenny; 
Sec,  Mrs.  P.  R.  Grant,  74  Byron  Ave.;  Treaa., 
Mrs.  G.  C.  Bennett;  Board  of  Directors:  Mrs. 
Waddell,  Misses  McNiece,  McGibbon,  Flack; 
Flower  Convener,  Miss  E.  Booth;  Representatives 
to:  Press,  Miss  G.  Halpenny;  Registry:  Misses 
M.  Slinn,  E.  Curry;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Mrs. 
V.  Boles. 

A.A.,    Ottawa    Civic    Hoapiul,    Otuwa 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  G.  M.  Bennett;  Pres.,  Miss  D. 
Ogilvie;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  L.  Gourlay;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  G.  Ferguson ;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss 
G.  Wilson;  Corr.  Sec  &  Press,  Miss  M.  Tullis 
O.C.H.;  Treas.,  Miss  D.  Johnston,  98  Holland 
Ave.;  Councillors:  Mmes  M.  Johnston,  H.  Kidd, 
G.  Dunning,  E.  Haines.  Misses  Fleiger,  H.  Wil- 
son; Committee  Conveners:  Flower,  Miss  H. 
King;  Visiting,  Miss  Joyce;  Reps,  to:  Central 
Registry,  Misses  R.  Alexander,  O.  Bradley,  E. 
Graydon,   C.   McLeod. 


urer,  Mrs.  Ralph  Snelgrove,  750  Second  Avenue. 
West;  Representative  to  R.N.A.O.,  Miss  P. 
Ellis. 


A.A.,   Nicholls   Hospital,   Peterborough 

Hob.  Pres.,  Mrs.  E.  M.  Leeson,  Miss  E.  G. 
Young;  Pres.,  Miss  Lottie  Ball;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  D.  E.  MacBuen;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  J. 
Preston ;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  Florence  Scott ;  Corr. 
Sec.  Miss  A.  MacKenzie,  758  George  St.;  Treas., 
Miss  Isobel  King,  210  Antrim  St.;  Social  Cofi- 
veners:  Mrs.  V.  Janeway,  Miss  S.  Trottei^ 
Flower  Convener,  Miss   Mae  Stone. 


A.A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    Port    Arthur 

Honourary  President.  Rev.  Mother  Camillun; 
Honourary  Vice-President,  Rev.  Sister  Sheila: 
President.  Mrs.  Jack  Tiskey;  Vice-President. 
Miss  Cecila  Kelly;  Secretary,  Mrs.  Jack  Weir. 
419  Ambrose  St.;  Treasurer,  Miss  Millie  Reid; 
Executive:  Misses  Aili  Johnson,  Lucy  Miocich. 
Olive  Thompson.  Isabel  Hamer,  Mrs.  W.  Gedde<» 


A.A.,   Samia   General   Hospital,   Sarttia 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  Shaw;  Pres.,  Miss  M.  Thomp- 
son; Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  V.  Galloway;  Sec.  Mis* 
F.  Morrison,  138%  N.  Front  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  I. 
Dunford;  Committee  Conveners:  Social,  Miss 
Revington ;  Program,  Miss  Bloomfield ;  Flovxr 
&  Visiting,  Miss  Cairns;  Alumnae  Room,  Miss 
Shaw;  Nominating,  Miss  Siegrist;  Rep.  to:  The 
Canadian  Nurse  &  Press,  Mrs.  M.  Elrick. 


A.A.,     Stratford     General     Hospiul,     Stratford 

Honourary  President,  Miss  A.  M.  Munn; 
President,  Miss  Annie  Ballantyne,  General 
Hospital;  Secretar>',  Mrs.  Viola  Byrick,  SOS 
Huron  Street;  Treasurer,  Miss  Jean  Watson, 
General  Hospital;  Committee  Conveners  :  Social, 
Miss  Bern  ice  Moore;  Assists:  Miss  L.  Attwood, 
Miss  M.  Mackenzie;  Flovyer  and  Gifts,  Miss 
M.   Mnrr. 


A.A.,  Ottawa  General  Hospiul,  Ottawa 

Hon.  President,  Rev.  Sr.  Flavie  Domitille;  Hon. 
Vice.-Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  Helen  of  Rome;  Pres.,  Miss 
Viola  Foran;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  Alice  Proulx; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Rose  Therien;  Secretary. 
Treasurer.  Miss  Lucille  Brule,  95  Glen  Ave.; 
Membership  Secretary,  Miss  Florence  Lepine; 
Councillors:  Mmes  E.  Viau,  L.  Dunn,  Misses  E. 
Byrne,  M.   Prindeville.  J.  Larochelle. 


A.A.,  Mack   Training   School,   St.   Catharines 

President,  Miss  Evelyn  Buchanan;  First  Vice- 
President,  Miss  Kiomer;  Second  Vice-President. 
Miss  Ulpt;  Secretary.  Miss  Sayus,  General  Hos- 
pital ;  Treasurer,  Miss  McMahon ;  Committee 
Conveners:  Program,  Miss  J.  Turner;  Social, 
Miss  Hastie;  Visiting,  Miss  Kirkpatrick;  Re- 
presentatives to:  Press,  Miss  H.  Brown;  The 
Canadian    Nurse,    Miss    A.    Brubaker. 


A.A.,    St.    Luke's    Hospital,    Ottawa 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  E.  Maxwell,  O.B.E. ;  Pres. 
Mrs.  W.  H.  Johnston;  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  J.  Prit- 
chard;  Sec.  Mrs.  J.  Hall,  17  Openago  Rd.; 
Treas.,  Mrs.  J.  W.  Shore;  Committees:  Flowers: 
Misses  Lewis,  Craig:  Refreshments:  Misses  Nel- 
son, Allen;  Reps,  to:  Central  Registry:  Mrs. 
Brown,  Miss  Heron ;  Local  Council  of  Women, 
Mrs.  Mothersill;  Press,  Miss  Johnston. 


A.A.,   St.   Thotnas  Memorial   Hospiul,   St.   Thoma* 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  J.  M.  Wilson;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Miss  F.  Kudoha;  Pres..  Miss  E.  Stoddem; 
First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  E.  Ray;  Sec,  Mrs.  B. 
Davidson;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  E.  Dodds,  33  Welling- 
ton St.;  Treas.  Miss  P.  Howell;  Committee 
Conveners:  Social,  Miss  A.  Claypole;  Flower, 
Miss  M.  Broadley;  Ways  &  Means.  Miss  A. 
Fryer;  Reps,  to  R.N.A.O.,  Miss  B.  McGee;  Press, 
Miss  E.  Jewell. 


A. A.,    Owen    Sound    General    and    Marine    Hospital, 
Owen    Sound 

Honourary  Presidents.  Miss  E.  Webster,  Miss 
R.  Brown ;  President,  Miss  C.  MacKeen ;  First 
Vice-President,    Miss    V.    Reid;    Secretary-Treas- 


A.A.,    The    Grant    Macdonald    Training    School 
for  Nurses,   Toronto 

Honourary    President,    Miss    Pearl    Morrison; 
President.  Mrs.  E.  Jacques;  Vice-President,  Miss 


446 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


A.  Lendrum;  Recording  Secretarj',  Mrs.  M. 
Smith,  130  Dunn  Avenue;  Corresponding  Secre- 
tary, Miss  I.  Lucas,  130  Dunn  Avenue;  Treas- 
urer,   Miss   Maud   Zufelt;   Social  Convener,   Miss 

B.  Langdon. 

A. A.,   Hospital   for  Sick   Children,   Toronto 

Pres..  Mrs.  D.  E.  MacKenzie;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Mrs.  W.  S.  Keith;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M. 
Mclnnis;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  H.  Booth;  Corr.  Sec, 
Mrs.  W.  Ritchie.  55  Colin  Ave.;  Treas.,  Miss 
F.    Watson,    H.S.C. 


A. A.,    Riverdale    Hospital,    Toronto 

Pres..  Mrs.  S.  J.  Hubbert;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  A.  Armstrong;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M. 
Thompson;  Sec,  Mrs.  H.  E.  Radford,  6  Neville 
Pk.  Blvd.;  Treas.,  Mrs.  T.  Fairbaim;  Conveners: 
Program,  Miss  Mathieson ;  Visiting :  Mrs.  Spree- 
man.  Miss  M.  Thompson;  Reps,  to:  Press  &  Pub- 
lication, Miss  J.  Forbes;  R.N.A.O.,  Miss  O. 
Gerber;    The   Canadian   Nurse,   Miss    Armstrong. 


E.  Graham,  E.  Clancey,  Mrs.  J.  B.  Wadland; 
Committee  Conveners:  Archives,  Miss  J.  M. 
Kniseley;  Flower,  Mrs.  J.  B.  Wadland;  Social, 
Miss  F.  Chantler;  Program,  Miss  S.  Sewell; 
Gift,  Miss  M.  Fry;  Scholarship.  Miss  G.  Lovell; 
"The  Quarterly",  Mrs.  H.  E.  Wallace. 


A. A.,    Training   School    for    Nurses    of    the    Toronto 

East    General    Hospital    with    which    is    incorporated 

the    Toronto    Orthopedic    Hospital,    Toronto 

Honourary  President,  Miss  Ella  MacLean; 
President,  Miss  Margaret  Purvis;  Secretary, 
Miss  D.  Jean  Smith,  64  Hewitt  Avenue,  Toron- 
to; Treasurer,  Miss  Dorothy  Golden. 

A. A.,    Toronto    Western    Hospital,    Toronto 

Hon.  Presidents,  Miss  B.  Ellis,  Mrs.  C.  J. 
Currie;  President,  Mrs.  Douglas  Chant;  Vice- 
President,  Miss  Mae  Palk;  Corresponding  Secret- 
ary, Miss  Isabel  Kee,  Nurses  Residence,  T.W.H.; 
Recording  Secretary,  Mrs.  Fooks;  Treasurer,  Mtsa 
Benita  Post,  Western  Hospital;  Representative 
to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Elizabeth  Westren. 


A.A.,    St.   John's   Hospital,   Toronto 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sr.  Beatrice;  Pres.,  Miss  M.  Mar- 
tin; First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  D.  Whiting;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Creighton ;  Rec  Sec,  Miss 
M.  Anderson;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  M.  Riches,  St. 
John's  Convalescent  Hospital;  Treas.,  Miss  A. 
Greenwood;  Entertainment  Convener,  Miss  R. 
Ramsden ;  Visiting  Convener,  Miss  L.  Richard- 
son ;  Rep.  to  Press,  Miss  E.  Price. 


A.A.,   Wellcsley   Hospital,   Toronto 

Hon.,  Pres.,  Miss  E.  K.  Jones;  Pres.,  Miss  J. 
Harris;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Stanton;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Johnston;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss 
G.  Schwindt;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  M.  Russell,  4 
Thurloe  Ave.;  Treas.,  Miss  J.  Brown;  Treas. 
Sick  Fund,  Miss  D.  Good;  General  Committee: 
Misses  E.  Cowan,  J.  Hayden,  B.  Calvert,  J. 
Laird,   H.   Wark,   G.   Bolton,   Mrs.   Reeve. 


A. A.,  St.  Joseph's  Hospiul,   Toronto 

Pres..  Miss  T.  Hushin;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss 
M.  Goodfriend;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  V.  Smith; 
Rec.  Sec,  Miss  M.  Donovan ;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss 
M.  T.  Caden,  474  Vaughan  Rd.;  Treas.,  Miss  L. 
Hill;  Entertainment  Convener,  Mrs.  J.  Shapley; 
Program  Convener,  Miss  M.  Kelly;  Representa- 
tive  to   R.N.A.O.,  Miss   C.   Knaggs. 


A. A.,    Women's    College    Hospital,    Toronto 

Honourary  President,  Mrs.  Bowman;  Honourary 
Vice-President,  Miss  H.  T.  Melklejohn;  I'resl 
dent,  Mrs.  S.  Hall,  866  Manning  Ave.  ; 
Recording  Secretary,  Miss  Isabel  Hall,  Wonieirs 
College  Hospital;  Treasurer,  Miss  W.  Worth. 
93  Scarbora  Beach  Blvd.:  Representativt  to 
The  Canadian  Nurse^  Miss  Mary   Oialk. 


A.A.,    St.    Michael's    Hospital,    Toronto 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sr.  Mary  of  the  Nativity;  Hon. 
Vice-Pres..  Sr.  M.  Kathleen;  Pres.,  Miss  D. 
Murphy;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Stone;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres..  Miss  K.  Boyle;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  M. 
McRae;  Corr.  Sec,  Mrs.  M.  Benny,  2510  Bloor 
St.  W.,  Apt.  1;  Treas.,  Miss  K.  Meagher;  Coun- 
cillors: Misses  M.  Hughes,  E.  Crocker,  K.  Ham- 
mil;  Committee  Conveners:  Press,  Miss  H.  Ca- 
vanagh;  Mag.  Editor,  Miss  M.  Crowley;  Assoc. 
Membership,  Mrs.  R.  Slingerland;  Reps,  to:  Hos- 
pital &  School  of  Nursing  Section,  Miss  G.  Mur- 
phy ;  Public  Health  Section,  Miss  M.  Tisdale ; 
Local  Council  of  Women,  Mrs.  T.  Scully. 


A. A.,    School    of    Nursing,    University    of    Toronto, 
Toronto 


A. A.,    Ontario    Hospital,    New    Toronto 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  Rothery,  Mrs.  C.  Brock; 
Pres..  Miss  L.  Sinclair;'  First  Vice-Pres.  Miss 
M.  Wright;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  E.  McCalpin;  Corr. 
Sec,  Miss  E.  Greenslade,  Ontario  Hospital; 
Treas.,  Miss  V.  Dodd;  Committee  Conveners: 
Program,  Miss  B.  Thompson;  Social,  Miss  A. 
McArthur;  Visiting  &  Flower.  Miss  G.  Reid; 
Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  D.  Wylie. 


A.A.,   Grace   Hospital,    Windsor 

President,  Adjutant  Gladys  Barker;  Vice 
President,  Miss  Phyllis  Hardcastle;  Secretary. 
Miss  Jeanette  Ferguson.  Grace  Hospital;  Treas- 
urer. Miss  Jean  Galloway;  Echoes'  Editor,  Ad- 
jutant Gladys  Barker. 


Hon.  Pres..  Miss  E.  K.  Russell;  Hon.  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  F.  H.  Emory;  Pres.,  Miss  M.  Macfarland; 
First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  J.  Leask;  Sec.  Vice-Pres. 
Miss  E.  Cryderman ;  Sec,  Miss  M.  Nicol,  226  St. 
George  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  E.  J.  Davidson:  Con- 
veners: Membership.  Mrs.  M.  McCutcheon;  En- 
dotrment  Fund,  Miss  E.  Fraser:  Program,  Miss 
J.   Wilson;    Social,   Miss   B.   Ross. 


A.A.,  Toronto   General   Hospital,  Toronto 

Pres.,  Miss  Ethel  Cryderman;  First  Vice-Pres. 
Miss  Marion  Stewart;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  R.  F. 
Chisholm :  Sec-Treas..  Miss  Leslie  Shearer,  5 
High  Park  Ave.;  Councillors:  Misses  C.  Wallace, 


A.A.,   Hotel-Dieu,   Windsor 

Hon.  Past  Pres.,  Sr.  Marie  de  la  Ferre;  Hon. 
Pres.,  Rev.  M.  Claire  Maitre;  Pres.,  Miss  Ellen 
Cox;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  J.  Byrne;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  J.  Duck;  Sec,  Miss  M.  Beaton, 
1542  Goyeau  St.:  Con.  Sec,  Sr.  M.  Roy,  H6tel- 
Dieu  Hospital:  Treas.,  Miss  M.  Lawson :  Visit- 
ing Committee:  Misses  M.  May,  B.  Beuglet. 

A. A.,  General  Hospital,   Woodstock 

Pres..  Miss  Mary  Matheson;  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs. 
Jack  Town;  Sec,  Miss  A.  Aitcheson;  Ass.  Sec, 
Miss    M.    I.    Matheson;    Treas.,    Miss    A.    Amott; 


OFFICIAL    DIRECTORY 


447 


Ass.  Treas.,  Miss  K.  Mahon;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  E. 
Rickaiti,  211  Wellington  St.;  Committee  Conve- 
ners: Flowers  &  Gifts:  Misses  M.  Hodgins.  N. 
Smith;  Program,  Miss  M.  Gillespie;  Social,  Mrs. 
King;  Rep.  to  Press,  Miss  B.  Calvert. 


QUEBEC 


A.A.,   Children's   Memorial   Hospital,   Montreal 

Hon.  Presidents,  Misses  A.  S.  Kinder,  E. 
Alexander;  Pres..  Miss  H.  Nuttall;  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  M.  Robinson;  Sec,  Miss  Rose  Wilkinson, 
Children's  Memorial  Hospital;  Treas.,  Miss  R. 
Allison ;  Social  Convener,  Miss  A.  Cameron ; 
Representatives  to:  Private  Duty  Section,  Miss 
V.  Ford;   The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  M.  Collins. 

A.A.,  Homoeopathic  Hospital,  Montreal 

Hon.  Pres.  Miss  V.  Graham;  Pres.,  Miss  N. 
Gage:  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  J.  Morris;  Sec.  Miss 
M.  Stewart.  865  Richmond  Sq.;  Treas.,  Mrs.  E. 
Warren;  Conveners:  Sick  Benefit,  Mrs.  War- 
ren; Visiting:  Misees  Campbell,  Currie;  Pro- 
gram, Miss  Macdonald;  Refreshment,  Miss  Per- 
ron ;  General  Nursing  Section :  Misses  Allnutt, 
Snasdell-Taylor. 


A. A.     Lachine     General     Hospital,     Lachine 


lIoDoiiran-  President,  Miss  L.  M.  Brown; 
l'resi<lent.  Miss  Ruby  Goodfellow;  Vice-Presi- 
Jent,  Miss  Myrtle  Gleason;  Secretary-Treasurer, 
Mrs.  Byrtha  Jobber,  60-5lst  Ave..  Dixie — La- 
.•hine;  General  Nursing  Representative,  Miss 
Kiihy  Goodfellow;  Executive  Committee:  Mrs. 
rtnrlow,   Mrs.   Gaw.    Miss  Dewar. 


L'Association    des    Gardes-Malades    Diplomees, 
Hopiul     Notre-Dame,   Montreal 

Hon.  Pres.,  K€\.  Sr.  Papineau;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  R^v.  Sr.  Dreary;  Pres.  Mile  Eva  M^rizzi; 
First  Vice-Pres.,  Mile  Germaine  Latour;  Sec 
Vice-Pres.,  Mile  Laurence  Deguire;  Rec  Sec, 
Mile  Ola  Sarrazin;  Corr.-Sec,  Mile  Bemadette 
Magnan,  2205  rue  Maisonneuve;  Assoc.  Sec, 
Mile  S.  B^laire;  Councillors:  Miles  M.  Lussier, 
C.    Lazure,   J.    Vanier. 


A.A.,   Montreal   General    Hospital,    Montreal 

Hon.  Presidents,  Miss  Webster,  Miss  Tedford; 
Hon.  Treasurer.  Miss  Dunlop;  President,  Miss 
Catherine  Anderson;  First  Vice-President  Miss 
Bertha  Birch:  Second  Vice-President.  Miss  Mary 
Long;  Recording  Secretary.  Miss  Jean  McNair; 
Corresponding  Secretary-.  Miss  Mabel  Shannon. 
Nurses  Home.  Montreal  General  Hospital;  Trea- 
surer. Miss  Isabel  Davies;  Committees:  Execu- 
tive: Misses  M.  K.  Holt.  A.  Whitney,  H.  Bartsch. 
E.  Robertson.  Mrs.  F.  Johnston;  Program:  Misses 
M.  Batson  E.  Denman,  K.  Annesley:  Refresh- 
ment: Misses  Clifford  f convener).  Michie.  A. 
Scott.  B.  Broadhurst.  M.  McQuarrie;  Visiting: 
Misses  M.  Ross.  B.  Miller,  H.  Christian;  Repre- 
sentatives to:  General  Nursing  Section:  Misses 
A.  Whitney.  M.  McLeod,  C.  Pope.  J.  Ross;  Local 
Council  of  Women:  Misses  A.  Costigan.  M.  Ste- 
vens;  The  Canadian  Nurse:  Miss  C.  Watling. 

A. A.,     Royal    Victoria    Hospiul,    Montreal 

Hon.  President,  Miss  Mabel  F.  Hersev:  Presi- 
dent.   Mrs     R.    A.    Taylor:    First    Vice-President. 


Miss  F.  Munroe:  Second  Vice-President  .Miss  H. 
Sharpe;  Recording  Secretarj',  Miss  K.  Stanton; 
Secretary-Treasurer,  Miss  G.  A.  K.  Moffat,  Royal 
Victoria  Hospital :  Board  of  Directors  (without 
office):  Miss  E.  C.  Flanagan,  Mrs.  E.  O'Brien; 
Conveners  of  Standing  Committees:  Finance, 
Mrs.  R.  Fetherstonhaugh ;  Program,  Miss  G. 
Yeats;  Scholarship,  Miss  H.  Sharpe;  General 
Nursing,  Mrs.  A.  F.  Robertson ;  Conveners  of 
Other  Committees:  Canteen,  Miss  B.  Campbell: 
Red  Cross,  Mrs.  F.  E.  McKenty;  Visiting,  Miss  E. 
Reid;  Representatives  to:  The  Canadian  Nurse. 
Miss  G.  Martin :  Local  Council  of  Women.  Mrs. 
Vance  AVard.  Miss  K.  Dickson. 


A.A.,    St.    Mary's   Hospital,    Montreal 

Pres.,  Miss  E.  G'Hare;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M. 
Smith;  Rec.  Sec,  Mrs.  L.  O'Connell;  Corr.  Sec, 
Miss  E.  O'Connell;  Treas.,  Miss  E.  Quinn;  Com- 
mittees: Entertainment:  Misses  Marwan,  D.  Mc- 
Carthy, McDerby.  Ryan;  Vi^ting:  Misses  Brown, 
Coleman,  Mullins;  Special  Nurses:  Misses 
Goodman.  P.  McCarthy;  Reps,  to:  Press:  Misses 
Zurick,  Culligan ;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss 
E.  Toner. 


A.A.,    School    for    Graduate    Nurses, 
McGill    University,    Montreal 

Pres..  Miss  Margaret  Brady;  Vice-Pres..  Miss 
Winnifred  McCunn ;  Sec-Treas.,  Miss  Elsie  All- 
der,  Royal  Victoria  Hospital:  Conveners:  Flora 
M.  Shaw  Memorial  Fund,  Mrs.  L.  H.  Fisher; 
Program,  Miss  R.  I^mb,  Representatives  to: 
Local  Council  of  TFomen,  Mrs.  J.  T.  Allan. 
Mrs.  J.  R.  Taylor,  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  F. 
Lament. 


A. A.,  Woman's  General  Hospital,  Westmount 


Hon.  Presidents,  Misses  Trench.  Pearson;  Pres., 
Miss  C.  Martin;  First  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  Crewe; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  Rosen ;  Rec.  Sec-  Miss 
Van-Buskirk;  Corr.  Sec,  Mrs.  G.  Bentley.  3582 
University  St.;  Treas..  Miss  Francis;  Committees: 
Visiting:  Misses  T.  Wood.  G.  Wilson;  Social: 
Mrs.  Saginur,  Miss  Yellin ;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian 
Nurse,  Miss  Francis. 


A. A.,    Jeffery    Hale's    Hospital,    Quebec 


Pres..  Mrs.  A.  W.  G.  Macalister:  First  Vice- 
Pres.,  Mrs.  L.  Teakle;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  G. 
Weary;  Sec.  Miss  M.  G.  Fischer.  305  Grande 
All^e;  Treas..  Mrs.  W.  D.  Fleming:  Councillors: 
Misses  Wolfe,  Kennedy,  Fitzpatrick,  Ross,  Mrs. 
Pfeiffer;  Committees:  Refreshment:  Misses  Klrt- 
sen,  Jones,  Warren,  Dawson;  Visiting:  Misses 
Douglas  (convener),  Martin.  Mmes.  Raphael. 
Gray;  Program:  Mmes.  Young,  Teakle,  Misses 
Lunam.  Douglas;  Reps,  to:  Private  Duty  Sec- 
tion: Misses  Walsh,  Perry;  The  Canadian  Nurse, 
Miss  N.  Humphries. 


A. A..    Sherbrooke    Hospital,    Sherbrooke 


Hon.  Pres..  Miss  V.  K.  Bean:  Pres.,  Mrs.  H. 
Leslie;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  N.  Malone;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  G.  Ransehousen;  Rec.  Sec, 
Mrs.  G.  Sangster;  Corr.  Sec,  Mrs.  R.  Mooney, 
174  Portland  Ave.;  Entertainment  Convener, 
Mrs.  W.  Cohoon;  Representatives  to:  Private 
Duty  Section.  Miss  D.  Ross;  The  Canadian  Nurse, 
Mrs.   G.   MacKav.    33   Bethune   St. 


448 


THE   CANADIAN    NURSE 


SASKATCHEWA^ 

A.A.,  Grey  Nuns'  Hospital,  Regina 
Honourary  President,  Sr.  M.  J.  Tougas;  Presi- 
dent. Mrs.  A.  Counter;  Vice-President.  Mrs. 
F.  Racette;  Secretary-Treasurer,  Mrs.  R.  Mo- 
gridge;  Corresponding  Secretary-,  Miss  Ina  M. 
Montgomerj',  Grey  Nuns'  Hospital. 

A.A.,   Regina  General   Hospital,    Regina 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  D.  Wilson;  Pres.,  Miss  M. 
Brown;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  R.  Ridley;  Sec, 
Miss  V.  Mann,  Regina  General  Hospital;  Treas., 
Miss  E.  Sweitzer,  R.G.H.;  Representatives  to: 
Local  Paper,  Miss  G.  Glasgow;  The  Canadian 
Nurse,  Miss  K.  Sharp. 

A. A.,    St.    Paul's    Hospital,    Saskatoon 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sister  La  Pierre;  Pres.,  Miss  F. 
Bateman ;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Bohl ;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  E.  Turner;  Sec,  Miss  C. 
Castagnier,   St.  Paul's  Hospital;   Treas.,   Miss  L. 


Strate;  Councillors:  Mrs.  A.  Hyde,  Mrs.  A. 
Thompson,  Miss  A.  Templeman,  Mrs.  H.  Mackay; 
Ways  &  Means  Committee:  Mrs.  C.  Darbellay, 
Mrs.  B.  Hayes,  Mrs.  A.  Barker. 

A. A.,    Saskatoon    City    Hospital,    Saskatoon 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  Howard;  Pres.,  Miss  M. 
Chisholm;  Vice-Pres..  Miss  Collins,  Miss  Grant; 
Rec  Sec.  Miss  D.  Bjarnason;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss 
D.  Duff.  S.C.H.;  Treas.,  Miss  E.  Graham;  Con- 
veners: Waps  &  Means,  Mrs.  C.  Fletcher;  Social, 
Mrs.  J.  Gibson;  Program,  Mrs.  H.  Atwell;  Red 
Cross,  Mrs.  T.  Binnie;  Visiting  &  Flovier,  Miss 
V.  Bergren;  Press,  Miss  M.  Fofonoff, 

A. A.,    Yorkton    Queen    Victoria    Hospital,    Yorkton 

Honourary  President,  Mrs.  L.  V.  Barnes; 
President,  Mrs.  W.  Sharpe;  Vice-President, 
Miss  V.  Wilkinson;  Secretary.  Mrs.  T.  E.  Dar- 
roch,  59  Haultain  Avenue;  Treasurer.  Miss  G. 
Zimmer;  Social  Convener,  Mrs.  J.  Parker;  Coun- 
cillors: Mrs.  H.  Ellis,  Mrs.  Sam  Dodds,  Misa 
L.   Wilson. 


Associations  of  Graduate  Nurses 


Overseas     Nursing    Sisters     AssocuttoB 
of    Canada 

Pres.,  Miss  F.  Munroe,  Royal  Victoria  Hos 
pital.  Montreal;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  C.  M 
Watling,  Montreal;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  H.  Paice 
Montreal;  Third  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  B.  Anderson 
Ottawa;  Sec-Treas.,  Miss  E.  Frances  Upton 
Ste.  1019,  Medical  Arts  Bldg..  Montreal;  Re 
presentatives  from  Local  Unit:  Mrs.  C.  E.  Bi 
saillon,  753  Bienville  St..  Apt.  5,  Montreal 
Miss  M.  Moag,  V.  O.  N.,  Montreal. 


BRITISH  COLUMBIA 

Katnloops  Graduate  Nurses  Association 
Pres.,  Mrs.  Markley:  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  O.  Gar- 
rood;  Sec,  Miss  E.  Davis,  Royal  Inland  Hos- 
pital; Treas.  Miss  F.  Aberdeen;  Committee  Con- 
veners: Program,  Mrs.  R.  Howard;  Social,  Mrs. 
S.  Dalgleish;  Ways  &  Means,  Miss  M.  Williams; 
Membership,  Miss  Naylor;  Representatives  to 
The  Canadian  Nurse,  Misses  J.  Norquay,  Turn- 
bull. 

Nelson   Registered  Nurses  Association 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  V.  B.  Eidt;  Pres.,  Miss  Turn 
bull;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  B.  Laing;  Sec.  Vice 
Pres.,  Miss  B.  Hayden ;  Sec.  Miss  H.  Tompkins 
Kootenay  Lake  Gen.  Hospital;  Treas.,  Miss  G 
Carr;  Committees:  General  Nursing,  Miss  K 
Scott;  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  V 
Eidt;  Public  Health.  Miss  N.  Dunn;  Ways  &. 
Means,  Miss  E.  Sutherland;  Social  &  Program 
Miss  M.  Bower;  Visiting,  Miss  N.  Murphy;  Mem 
bership.  Miss  J.  Boutwell;  Library,  Mrs.  A 
O'Connor:  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  M 
Ross. 


Trail  Chapter,  Registered  Nurses  Association  of 
British  Columbia 
President,  Miss  Marjory  Fletcher;  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Miss  Edythe  Crosson;  Secretary,  Misc 
Phyllis  Slader.  Nurses  Residence,  Trall-Tadanac 
Hospital,  Trail;  Treasurer,  Miss  Eileen  Somer- 
ville;  Representative  to  The  Canadian  Nurse, 
Miss   Joyce    Greenwood. 


Victoria   Graduate   Nurses    Association 

Honourary  Presidents.  Sister  Mary  Gregory. 
.Miss  Lena  Mitchell:  President,  Miss  Ethel  Gray: 
First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Z.  Harmon;  Sec.  Vice- 
Pres..  Miss  M.  Plunkett:  Rec  Sec.  Miss  K. 
Gann;  Corr.  Secretary,  Miss  J.  Engelhardt,  St. 
Joseph's  Hospital;   Treas.,  Miss  E.  Smallwood. 


MANITOBA 

Brandon  Graduate  Nurses  Association 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  Birtles,  O.B.E.;  Pres.,  Mrs. 
S.  Purdue;  Vice-Pres..  Miss  M.  Morton.  Sec, 
Miss  A.  Crighton.  Brandon  General  Hospital; 
Treas.,  Mrs.  J.  Selbie;  Registrar.  Miss  C.  Mac- 
leod;  Conveners:  Red  Cross,  Mrs.  H.  McKenzie; 
Social,  Miss  M.  Trotter;  Press,  Miss  W.  Mitchell; 
General  Nursing,  Miss  G.  Lamont;  Rep.  to  The 
Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  G.  Kennettle. 


QUEBEC 


New   Westminster  Graduate  Nurses   Association 

Honourarj'  President,  Miss  C.  E.  Clark;  Presi- 
dent, Miss  E.  Wrightman:  First  Vice-President. 
Miss  E.  Beatt:  Second  Vice-President  Miss  E. 
Scott  Gray:  Secretarj-.  Miss  B.  Donaldson.  243 
Kearj'  Street;  Treasurer.  Miss  T.  Eyton;  Re- 
presentatives to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Mrs.  J 
L.    Wrigrht,    Miss    B.    Catherall. 


Montreal    Graduate    Nurses    Association 

President.  Miss  Effle  Killins;  First  Vice-Pres.. 
Miss  Clarice  Smith;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Lil- 
lian MacKinnon;  Hon.  Sec-Treas.,  Miss  Doro- 
thy Shoemaker,  1230  Bishop  St.;  Director  of 
Nursing  Registry,  Miss  E.  B.  Ross,  1284  Bishop 
St.  Regular  meetings  second  Tuesday  January, 
first    Tuesday    April.    October,    and    December. 


0   VOLUME  38 

r^  U  M  B  E  R     7 

JULY 

19     4     2 


IHt 


i  Canadian    Nursing 
Sisters  in  an  English 
Garden 


CANADIAN 
NURSE 


OWNED       AN  D^^  UBLISHED       BY 
THF     nSNAniAM     IMIIRi^FQ     aQfinniaTifiN 


QLfESTIOX:  Canned  meats  are  certainly  all  right  for  supply- 
ing proteins,  but  how  ahout^  vitamins? 

A\S^^Ett:  Fresh  lean  meats  are  important  sources  of  the 
factors  in  the  "vitamin  B  complex."  With  the  exception  of 
thiamin  (vitamin  Bi)  these  vitamins  are  little  affected  by  heat 
treatments  used  in  cooking  or  canning  meats.  Although  losses 
of  thiamin  occur  during  cooking  or  canning,  certain  meats 
cooked  or  canned  are  important  dietary  sources  of  the  factors 
in  the  'Vitamin  B  complex"  especially  of  riboflavin  and 
niacin,  (l) 

American  Can  Company,  Hamilton,  Ontario; 
American  Can  Company  Ltd.^  Vancouver,  B.C. 

( 1 )  1934,  U.S.  Pub.  Health  Reports  49,  754. 
1939,  J.  Nutrition  17,  269. 
1939,  Ibid  18,  517. 
1942,  J.  Am.  Dietet.  Assn.  18,  145. 


TESTS  PROVE 

SUPERIORITY 

OF 


IgMOCENIZEP 

(EXTRACELLULAR) 

BABY  FOODS 


These    threo    photographs    ,liou    foods    before 
digestion  starts    (100  times  magnified). 


In  comparing  the  digestibility  of  honie- 
and  commercially-strained  vegetables  with 
Libby's  Homogenized  Baby  Foods,  both 
clinical  and  laboratory  tests  show  that 
Homogenization  is  far  superior  to  strain- 
ing in  turning  solid  foods  into  a  fine, 
smooth  form  that  may  be  easily  digested 
by  the  delicate  digestive  system  of  the 
infant.  Results  of  in-vitro  digestion  ex- 
periments showed  that  Homogenized  veg- 
etables digested  far  more  completely  in 
30  minutes  than  did  home-  or  commer- 
cially-strained vegetables   in  two  hours. 

Babies  as  young  as  six  weeks  have  been 
fed  Libby's  Homogenized  Fruits  and  Veg- 
etables without  harmful  effects  —  and  phy- 
sicians will  immediately  recognize  their 
nutritional  value  in  early  solid  feeding. 

Libby's  exclusive  Homogenization  process 
breaks  up  the  cellulose  properties  of  the 
strained  vegetables  into  fine  particles,  re- 
leases ihe  nutrient  contained  in  the  food 
cells,  thus  exposing  the  nutrient  to  the 
digestive  action  of  the  enzymes  and 
making  the  nutritious  elements  of  the  food 
readily  available.  Bulk  needed  for  normal 
elimination  is  retained  but  broken  up  into 
tiny  particles  that  will  not  cause  irrita- 
tion in  the  intestinal  tract. 

Libby's  Homogenized  Baby  Foods  come 
in  ten  balanced  combinations  that  make  it 
easier  for  you  to  prescribe — and  the 
mother  serve — a  varied,  balanced  diet  for 
your  infant  patients. 


:f^^  '■  v-^  Ht'  «•  'ft  "i 


1.  —  Home-strained 
vegetables.  Dark 
areas  are  tougu 
walled  food  ceUs 
nnd  fibres.  ^o 
matter  how  care- 
fully foods  are 
strained,  food  cells 
and  fibres  are  not 
completely  broken 
up.  Often  they 
overtask  an  in- 
fant's delicate  di- 
gestive system. 


2.  —  Pommercially- 
strained  vegetables. 
Coarse  fibres  and 
whole  fo«d  cells 
apiiear  in  the  very 
finest  canned  strain- 
ed foods  obtainable 
liii'p  tMe  iuices 

must  penetrate  food 
fell  walls  before 
their  nutriment  can 
be  digested  and 
assimilated. 


3.  —  Libby's  homo- 
genized vegetables. 
Kotice  how  homo- 
genization refines 
food  cells  and  coarse 
fibres  into  minute, 
smooth  particles. 

The  normal  infant 
can  digest  nutri- 
ment easily,  quick- 
1  ■•  c  o  '11  p  1  e  t  e  1  y. 
Needed  bulk,  which 
!  <  HIS  prevent  con- 
stipation, is  left 
in  form  of  refined 
bulk  (instead  of 
coarse  roughage ) 

that  cannot  irritate 
intestines. 


FREE  SAMPLES  and  descriptive  literature  will  be 
maiied  on  request  to  physicians  and  pediatricians. 
Please  address  your  requests  to  Libby,  McNeill  & 
Libby  Laboratories,  Cliatham,  Ontario. 


10     BALANCED     BABY     FOOD     COMBINATIONS: 


The**  combination*  of  Homogenized  Vegetable*,  cereal,  *oup,  and  fruit*  malce  it  easy  for  the 
Doctor  to  prescribe  a  variety  of  *olid  food*  for  infant* 

7  A  meatless  soup  — 
consisting    of    celery, 

soya  bean  flour. 


Peas, 
beets, 
asparagus, 


♦  Whole  tnilk, 
v/hole  wheat, 


3 


Pumpkin, 
tomatoes, 
green  beans. 

Peas, 

carrots, 

spltKich. 


6 


Prunes, 

pineapple  juice, 
lemon  juice. 

Soup — carrots,  celery, 
tomatoes,  chicken  liv- 
ers,    barley,     onions. 


potatoes,  peas,  car- 
rots, tomatoes,  soya 
flour,  and  barley.  Can 
be  fed  to  very  young 
babies. 


An  improved  fruit  com- 
bination —  Bananas, 
apples,  apricots  are 
combined  to  give  a 
nutritious  fruit  com- 
bination that  is  very 
tasty. 


10 


An  "all  Green" 
vegetable  combina- 
tion— Many  doctors 
have  asked  for  this. 
Peas,  spinach  and 
green  beans  are 
blended  to  give  a 
very  desirable  vege- 
table product. 

Tomatoes,  carrots 
and  peas — These 
give  a  new  vege- 
table combination  of 
exceptionally  good 
dietetic  properties 
and  flavour. 


And  In  Addition,  Three  Single  Vegetable  Products  Specially  Homogenized 

CARROTS  — PEAS  — SPINACH    and 

LIBBY'S   HOMOGENIZED    EVAPORATED   MILK 

Madm  in  Canada  By 

LIBBY,    McNeill  &  LIBBY    OF  CANADA  LIMITED,  Chatham,  Onl. 


Head  Colds  Checked 

with  3  drops  in  each  nostril  .... 

PRIVINE   "Ciba" 

(1:1000   solution    of  2-(naphthyl-l-methyl) -imidazoline   hydrochloride) 


NASAL  DROPS 


Clinical  investigations  on  Privine  Nasal  Drops  have  proved  that 
they  are  excellently  suited  for  the  treatment  of  all  forms  of  naso- 
pharyngeal affections. 

In  head  colds,  a  few  moments  after  the  instillation  of  3  drops  of 
Privine  in  each  nostril,  the  headache  and  sensation  of  heaviness  in 
the  head  disappear,  while  the  nasal  respiration  becomes  easier,  the 
watering  of  the  eyes  stops,  the  voice  regains  its  normal  tone  and 
the  sense  of  smell  is  restored. 

Privine  is  also  of  exceptional  prophylactic  and  curative  value 
in  hay  fever.  Two  or  three  drops  of  the  medicament  in  each  nostril 
two  or  three  times  a  day,  as  soon  as  the  first  signs  of  the  condition 
appear,  will  be  found  most  satisfactory. 

ISSUED: 

In  bottles  of  V2  ounce  with  dropper 

A  professional  sample  for  personal  use  will  gladly  be  furnished  upon  request. 

CIBA  COMPANY  LIMITED  -  MONTREAL 

450  Vol.  38,  No.  7 


I'm  going  to  marry  a 


)) 


illionaire... 


I  decided  this  morning,  when  mother  sprinkled  me  with  my  won- 
derful, delightful  Johnson's  Baby  Powder,  that  when  I  grow  up 
I'll  marry  a  millionaire.  I'll  be  a  philanthropist.  Yes  indeed, 
with  oceans  of  Johnson's  for  every  baby  in  the  land.  I'll  fill 
sandboxes  with  it — and  every  house  will  have  two  showers — one 
for  water — and  one  for  Johnson's.  Then  all  the  babies  every- 
where can  dunk  and  roll  in  delicious  scrumptious  Johnson's  and 
all  be  sweet  and  cool  and  comfy!    Isn't  that  a  good  idea? 


#  Johnson's  Baby  Powder  is  made  of 
the  finest  smoothest  talc  and  it's  borated. 
It  protects  baby  skins  against  diaper  rash 
and  prickly  heat. 


JOHNSON'S  BABY  POWDER 


JULY,  1942 


451 


University    of    Toronto 
School  of  Nursing 

For  the  session   1942-43  the 
following  courses  are  offered: 

A.  A  four-year  Degree  course 
(B.ScN.) 

The  successful  student  will  re- 
ceive the  Degree  and  also:  either 
(a)  a  qualifying  certificate  in  Hos- 
pital Supervision;  or  (b)  a  qual- 
ifying certificate  in  Public  Health 
Nursing, 

B.  A    three-year    Diploma    course. 

This  gives  a  Diploma  in  Hospi- 
tal Nursing  and  also  a  qualifying 
Diploma  in  Public  Health  Nursing. 

Noie :  In  the  above  2  courses  complete 
preparation  is  given  for  the  Nurse 
Registration  examinations. 

C.  One-year  Certificate  courses  for 
graduate  nurses: 

1.  Public   Health   Nursing. 

2.  Clinical   Supervision. 

3.  Teaching  in  Schools  of  Nursing. 

4.  Hospital  Administration. 

5.  Special     Studies    for     advanced 
students. 

D.  As  a  war  emergency  measure  a 
four-months  course  in  Clinical 
Supervision. 

E.  Refresher  Courses.  These  are 
short  courses  for  which  no  certifi- 
cate is  given. 

.''or  further  information  address: 
The  Secretary 

School  of  Nursing 
University  of  Toronto 


McCILL 
UNIVERSITY 

School  for  Graduate  Nurses 

The     following     one-year     certificate 

courses     are     offered     to     graduate 

nurses : 

TEACHING  AND 

SUPERVISION    IN    SCHOOLS 

OF   NURSING 

PUBLIC    HEALTH    NURSING 

ADMINISTRATION  IN 

HOSPITALS    AND    SCHOOLS 

OF   NURSING 

ADMINISTRATION  AND 

SUPERVISION 

IN  PUBLIC  HEALTH 

NURSING 

For  information  apply  to: 

School    for    Graduate    Nurses 
McGill   University,  Montreal. 


ROYAL  VICTORIA  HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL  OF  NURSING 

MONTREAL 

Courses  for  Graduate  Nurses 

(1)  A  three-months  course  is  offered 
in  Obstetrical  Nursing.  (2)  A  two- 
months  course  is  offered  in  Gyne- 
cological Nursing.  For  further 
information  apply  to  Miss  Caroline 
Barrett,  R.N.,  Supervisor,  Women's 
Pavilion,  Royal  Victoria  Hospital. 


(3)  A  course  in  operating  room 
technique  and  management  is  of- 
fered to  nurses  with  graduate  ex- 
perience  in   operating  room  work. 

(4)  Courses  are  also  offered  in 
medical  nursing;  surgical  nursing; 
nursing  in  diseases  of  the  eye,  ear, 
nose  and  throat;  nursing  in  uro- 
logy. For  further  information  apply 
to  Miss  F.  Munroe,  K.N..  Superin- 
tendent of  Nurses,  Royal  Victoria 
Hospital. 


452 


Vol.   38,  No.  7 


Conservation  and  thrill,  so  important  today,  have 
always  been  intrinsic  advantages  of  Kolynos  Dental 
Cream.  Kolynos  is  concentrated.  It  is  best  used  only 
V2'  on  a  dry  brush.  By  proper  use  it  lasts  twice  as  long. 
Kolynos  has  a  dual  cleansing  action: 

1st — The   cleansing,  reh'eshing   foam  helps   remove 
mucous  plaques  and  food  debris; 

2nd — The  action  of  carefully  precipitated  chalk  pol- 
ishes efficiently  without  harmful  abrasion  of  the 
enomeL 

Kolynos  has  a  pleasant  taste  acceptable  to  the  most 
discriminating  type  of  patient 

KOLYNOS 

DENTAL       CREAM 

RECOMMEND  KOLYNOS  WHEN  YOUR  PATIENTS 
ASK  YOU  ABOUT  A  GOOD  DENTIFRICE 

THE  KOLYNOS   COMPANY     -     WALKERVILLE,     ONTARIO 

JULY,  1942  453 


DEODORANT 


Safely 

stops  perspiration 

1  to  3  days 

Non-Greasy  .  .  .  Stainless  .  .  .  Takes  odor 

from   perspiration 
Use   before  or  after  shaving 
Non-irritating   .   .  .   won't   harm   dresses 
No   waiting  to   dry  .   .   .  vanishes  quickly 
GUARANTEE — Money  refunded  if  you 
don't  agree  tiiat  this  new  cream  is  the 
best  deodorant  you've  ever  tried!  The 
Odorono  Co.,  Ltd.,  980  St.  Antoine 
Street,  Montreal,  P.Q. 


1   Full  0^.39  f'— Not  Just  \  Hal'Oz. 


QUALITY 
CARRIES  ON 


USE 

TILLEY'S 

SURE  WHITE 

Liquid  and  Tubes 
For    White    Shoes 


i0!4/nmm,i 


Be  identified  by  Cash's  special  style  D-54 
woven  name  on  wider  tape,  on  your  sleeve 
or  pocket.  Special  price  to  hospitals  —  $1 
for  m'nimum  order  ot  1  doz.  Reduction 
for  quantities  of  three  dozen   and  over. 

CASH'S.    232    Grier    St..    B-Ueville.    Ont. 


W»^. 


Get  quick  relief 
with  soothing, 
cooling  Mentho- 
latum.  Also  for 
chapping,  cuts, 
bruises  and  bums. 
At  all  druggists. 
Jars  and  tubes,  30c. 


MENTHOLATUM 

C/rrt      COMFORT     Daily 


IMUTKiO 


w^ 


Cdulotum 


A  Clean/  Effective  Treatment  for  All  Types  of  Impetijo  Contasiosa 


Wyeth's  ALULOTION  (Ammonioted  Mercury  with  Kaolin) 
which  combines  the.  bactericidal  action  of  ammonicrted  mercury 
with  the  drying  effect  of  aluminum  hydroxide  and  kaolin  is 
effective  in  all  types. 

Clinical  evidence  has  shown  that  ALULOTION  (Ammonioted 
Mercury  with  Kaolin)  clears  up  impetigo  contagiosa  in  less  time 
than  older  methods.' 

1.  "Impetigo    Contagiosa    Treated    with    Ammoniated    Mercury -Colloidal    Kaoliik 
Lotion."  A.  G.  Pratt.  R.  E.  Imholi.  and  H.  B.  Decker.  J.  M.  Soc.New  letsey. 

36:442  (July).   1939. 

Supplied  in  3  tl.  oz.  bottles. 


John  Wyeth  &  Brother  (Canada)  Limited 


WALKERVILLE.   ONTARIO 


JULY,   1942 


455 


N6W  under-arm 

Cream  Deodorant 

safely 

Stops  Perspiration 


.-^ 


1.  Does  not  harm  dresses  —  does  not 
irritate  skin. 

2.  No  waiting  to  dry.  Can  be  used 
right  after  shaving. 

3.  Instantly  checks  perspiration  for  1 
to  3  days.  Removes  odor  from 
perspiration. 

4.  A  pure  white,  greaseless,  stainless 
vanishing  cream. 

5.  Arrid  has  been  awarded  the 
Approval  Seal  of  the  American 
Institute  of  Laundering,  for  being 
harmless  to  fabrics. 


Arrid  is  the  LARGEST 
SELLING  DEODOR- 
ANT. .  .Try  a  jar  today 
...  at  any  store  which 
sells  toilet  goods. 


ARRID 


39^ 


a  |ar 

AT  ALL  STORES  WHICH  SELL  TOILET  GOODS 
(Also  in  15  cent  and  59  cent  jars) 


McAinsh  &  Co.  Limited 

Dealers  in   Good  Books  Since   1885 
388  Yonge  Street  Toronto 


Our  latest  catalogues  of  nursing  books 
will  be  gladly  sent  to  you  on  request. 
We  shall  be  very  pleased  to  look  after 
your  order  for  any  nursing  books  for 
your  classes. 


DOCTORS'  and   NURSES' 
DIRECTORY 

212  Balmoral  St.,  Winnipeg 

A  Directory  for: 

Doctors,  and  Registered  Nurses 

Victorian  Order  of  Nurses 

(night  calls,  Sundays,  and  holidays 

ONLY) 

Practical  Nurses 

Twenty-four  hour  service. 

p.  Brownell,    Reg.    N.,    Registrar 


THE  CENTRAL 

REGISTRY   OF   GRADUATE 

NURSES,  TORONTO 

Furnish  Nurses 
at     any    hour 
DAY  or  NIGHT 

TELEPHONE  Ningsdale  Z\^o 

Physicians'      and      Surgeons'      Bidg., 

86    Bloor    Street,    West,    TORONTO 

HELEN  CARRUTHERS,  Reg.  N. 


The  American  Hospital  Bureau 

1825  Empire  State  Building 
New  York  City 


Offers  to  Hospitals  in  Canada  and  the 
United  States  a  professional  placement 
service  for  Hospital  and  Nursing  School 
Administrators,  Instructors,  Supervisors, 
Anaesthetists,  Dietitians,  Technicians,  and 
General  Duty  Nurses.  All  credentials  per- 
sonally   verified. 


C.  M.  Powell,  R.  N.,  Director 


Vol.   38.  No.   7 


Are  menstrual  tampons  ^^ 

the  most  important  thirty  a  nurse  has  to  think  about? 

OBVIOUSLY  not!  On  the  other  hand — are  they  sufficiently  important  to 
justify  the  review  of  a  few  pertinent  facts?  Decidedly,  yes! 
For  tomorrow,  the  patient  whose  esteem  she  especially  cherishes,  may  par^" 
ticularly  want  to  know  how  to  escape  a  vulvar  irritation  that  periodically 
distresses  her  . . .  how  to  secure  the  advantages  of  internal  absorption  without 
orificial  stress  .  .  .  how  to  obtain  adequate  proteaion  during  days  of  profuse 
discharge  .  .  .  or — any  of  a  dozen  questions  of  equally  real  importance  to  her. 

For  her  benefit,  the  nurse  will  recall — 

.  .  .  that  Tampax's  compression  to  one^sixth  its  normal  size,  in  an  inii^' 

viiual  one-time  applicator,  JaciUtates  high,  easy  insertion; 

.  .  .  that  only  Tampax  (of  all  menstrual  tampons)  expands  "fiat" — con^^ 

forming  with  physiologic  certainty  and  suhjective  comfort  to  the  fiat  cross 
section  of  the  collapsed  vagina; 

.  .  .  that  its  fine  surgical  cotton  maintains  most  gentle  contact  with  the 
vaginal  epithelium,  free  from  internal  or  external  irritation; 
.    .  that  its  superior  absorbency  gives  its  long  fibres  a  wick  action  that  "soaks 
up"  thefiux  with  active  freedom,  preventing  any  blocking  ofthefiow; 
.  .  .  that  only  Tampax  (of  all  menstrual  tampons)  is  "cross^fibre"  stitched 
to  prevent  disintegration  in  situ;  with  its  moisture^resistant  cord  an  insepa^ 
rable  extension  of  that  stitching,  to  permit  gentle,  dainty  removal,  intact; 
.  .  .  that  Tampax  can  be  secured  in  any  of  three  sizes  (Super,  Regular, 

Junior)  to  meet  individual  daily  needs; 

.  .  .  that  hundreds  of  thousands  of  patients  have  found  new  comfort — new 

convenience — and  a  new  sureness  of  poise  by  switching  to  Tampax. 

The  nurse  who  explains  all  these  things  to  her  patient  will  probably 
find  that  (if  she  is  like  most  patients  who  have  been  so  helped),  her  menstrual 
hygiene  will  be  vastly  improved,  and  her  gratitude  will  be  sincere. 

Professional  samples  are  available  upon  return  of  the  coupon. 

CANADIAN  TAMPAX  CORPORATION  LIMITED 

633  COLLEGE  STREET  TORONTO,  ONTARIO 

-FUNCTIONALLY  DESIGNED 
BY  A  PHYSICIAN  TO  MEET 
PHYSIOLOGIC  REQUIREMENTS 


TAMPAX 


Canadian  Tampax  Corp.  Ltd.       hJame                                                                 T42-8 
ACCtFTfo  Foi  Aovi«Ti$iNC  533  coUcgc  Street,  ^ymc _ — 

•  Y  Jou«NAi  OF  THi  AMM-  Toronto,  Ontario  ah 

Address _ 

Please  send  me  a  professional 
supply  of  the  j  sizes  of  Tampax.      City 


ICAN  MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION 


JULY,  1942 


457 


The   Canadian   ri 


urse 


Registered    at    Ottawa,    Canada,    as    second    class    matter. 

Editor  and  Business  Manager: 
ETHEL  JOHNS,  Reg.  N.,  1411   Crescent  Street,  Montreal,  P.Q. 


CONTENTS  FOR  JULY,   1942 


PSYCHONEUROSIS   IN   TiME   OF   WaR 

Defunctioning  Transverse  Colon  Colostomy 

A  Well  Merited  Honour  _         _         _ 

The  New  Matron-in-Chief  Overseas 

News  from  South  Africa  _         _         _ 

Notes  from  the  National  Office 

Post-Operative  Care  of  Cleft  Palate 

Speech  Correction  for  Cleft  Palate  Patients 

Fighting  Tuberculosis      -         -         -  - 

A  Registry  for  Doctors  and  Nurses  - 

The  Practical  Nurse  and  the  Registry 

A  Day's  Work  in  Newfoundland 

Letters  from  Sweden       _         _         -         _ 

A  Story  of  Progress  —  1917-1942 

A  Good  Place  to  Learn  -         -         -         - 

Service  on  the  Home  Front      -         -         _ 

The  McGill  School  for  Graduate  Nurses  - 

The  a.  R.  N.  P.  Q.  Annual  Meeting  - 

Institute  for  Public  Health  Workers 

News  Notes  ------ 


-     H.  Bradley 


-  L.  Destromp 
M.  W.  Huber 

-  D.  R.  Jones 
F.  W.  Rosher,  M.D. 

M.  Emmerion 
C.  A.  S.  Abernethy 

-  E.  Lyster 
R.   S.   Christilaw 

D.  Fowler 


-  E.  F.  Upton 
H.  Kilpatrick 


463 
468 
471 
472 
473 
475 
477 
479 
483 
485 
486 
487 
488 
491 
493 
495 
496 
498 
499 
500 


Subscription   Price:   $2.00   per  year;   foreign  and   United  States  of  America,  $2.50;  20  cents  a  copy. 

Cheques    and    money    orders    should    be   made    payable   to    The    Canadian    Nurse.   When    remitting   by 

cheque    15    cents    should    be    added    to    cover    exchange. 

Please  address   all   correspondence   to: 
Editor,    The   Canadian   Nurse,    1411    Crescent  Street,    Montreal,    P.Q. 


458 


Vol.  38,  No.  7 


•  Anacin  is  also  of  value  in  relieving 
pain  associated  with  normal  menstrua- 
tion. Follow  directions  on  the  package. 


THE  ANACIN   COMPANY      ♦      WALKERVILLE,  ONTARIO 

JULY,  1942  459 


Reader's  Guide 


In  his  capacity  as  psychiatrist  to  the  Royal 
Air  Force,  Dr.  Robert  Dick  Gillespie  re- 
cently delivered  a  remarkable  address  be- 
fore the  New  York  Academy  of  Medicine. 
The  Journal  is  indebted  to  the  Salmon  Com- 
mittee on  Psychiatry  and  Mental  Hygiene 
for  permission  to  reprint  an  abridged  ver- 
sion of  this  masterly  analysis  of  psycho- 
neurosis   in   time   of   war. 


The  care  of  patients  who  have  undergone 
colostomy  constitutes  a  challenge  to  the  in- 
genuity and  skill  of  the  nurse.Hester  Bradley 
presents  a  careful  and  eminently  practical 
study  of  the  principles  and  methods  which 
will  ensure  the  safety  and  comfort  of  the 
patient.  Miss  Bradley  is  a  member  of  the 
Private  Pavilion  operating  room  staff  in 
the  Toronto  General  Hospital.  She  is  also 
a  member  of  the  staff  nurses  committee 
which  in  recent  issues  have  made  such  out- 
standing contributions  to  the  Journal. 


When  the  Hospital  and  School  of  Nurs- 
ing Section  undertook  to  sponsor  a  special 
page  in  the  Journal,  its  members  were  afraid 
that  they  might  not  be  able  to  secure  even 
one  article  for  each  issue.  It  turned  out  that 
their  fears  were  not  justified  and  by  way  of 
proof  the  Section  presents  a  symposium  on 
the  post-operative  care  of  cleft  palate  in 
which  a  nurse,  a  speech  pathologist  and  a 
physiotherapist  are  represented.  The  author 
of  the  article  on  nursing  care  is  Louise 
Destromp,  a  member  of  the  graduate  staff 
of  the  Children's  Memorial  Hospital,  Mon- 
treal, who  has  had  much  experience  with 
these  patients.  Until  recently  Mary  W.  Hubcr 
was  speech  pathologist  to  the  Children's 
Memorial  Hospital  and  to  the  Montreal 
General  Hospital.  Her  excellent  presenta- 
tion of  the  underlying  principles  of  speech 
correction  will  be  most  helpful  to  nurses. 
The  important  part  played  by  the  physio- 
therapist is  outlined  by  Margaret  G.  Finley 
who  is  a  member  of  the  staff  of  the  physio- 
therapy department  at  the  Children's  Mem- 
orial Hospital. 


A  continuing  fight  against  tuberculosis 
must  be  consistently  carried  on  if  this  an- 
cient enemy  of  mankind  is  to  be  overcome. 
Dorothy  Jones  tells  us  many  interesting 
things  about  the  work  of  the  Saint  John 
Tuberculosis  Clinic.  Miss  Jones  is  herself  a 
member  of  the  nursing  staff  of  the  Clinic. 


Owing  to  the  demands  made  upon  our  res- 
tricted space  by  the  Biennial  Meeting  of  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association,  we  were  ob- 
liged to  interrupt  the  interesting  series  of 
letters  from  Sweden  written  by  Elizabeth 
Lyster.  However  here  is  another  and  par- 
ticularly intrigying  instalment. 


The  importance  of  a  well  conducted  cen- 
tral registry  in  the  field  of  private  duty  nurs- 
ing cannot  be  overestimated.  Nor  is  its  use- 
fulness confined  to  nurses.  Dr.  F.  W.  Rosher 
tells  us  how  well  it  serves  the  medical  pro- 
fession of  Saskatoon  and  Mildred  Emmerton 
has  a  word  to  say  from  the  point  of  view 
of  practical  nurse  registrants.  Miss  Emmer- 
ton is  herself  a  practical  nurse  and  registers 
for  duty  with  the  Central  Registry  in  Lon- 
don, Ontario. 


Nursing  in  Newfoundland  may  be  diffi- 
cult but  it  is  never  dull.  Mrs.  C.  A.  S. 
Abernethy  tells  a  vivid  story  of  just  what 
happened  in  the  course  of  the  day's  work. 


Don't  forget  to  glance  over  the  reports 
of  the  annual  meetings  of  the  Provincial 
Registered  Nurses  Associations  in  Saskat- 
chewan and  Quebec.  They  reflect  the  splen- 
did progress  which  is  being  made  in  both 
provinces.  Under  the  caption  of  "Service 
on  the  Home  Front"  you  will  also  find  a 
letter  which  the  Registered  Nurses  Associa- 
tion of  British  Columbia  has  recently  ad- 
dressed to  its  members  and  which  is  well 
worth  reading. 


460 


Vol.  38.  No.  7 


JULY,  1942 


4<1 


^'V  f(l 


It's  fun  to  bathe  in  the  sun  M  (But  painful  if  overdone) 


To  those  who  have  sun-bathed  not  wisely  but  too  well,  quick 
relief  from  pain  is  extremely  important  .  .  .  and  treatment 
with  Butesin  Picrate  Ointment  with  Metaphen  extremely 
welcome.  This  widely  used  preparation  not  only  relieves  the 
intense  pain  of  sunburn— and  all  minor  burns— ^w'cWv,  but 
also  acts  as  a  soothing  dressing,  and  helps  to  protect  blistered 
or  denuded  areas  against  infection.  The  ointment  is  always 
ready  for  instant  use  and  is  applied  directly  to  the  burned 
area.  •  The  analgesic  agent  in  the  ointment  is  Butesin,  a 
powerful  topical  anesthetic.  In  Butesin  Picrate  Ointment, 
Butesin  is  chemically  combined  with  picric  acid.  To  provide 
antiseptic  action,  Metaphen  is  also  present.  This  combination 
of  antiseptic  and  analgesic  agents  makes  the  ointment  an 
excellent  dressing  for  abrasions  and  minor  lacerations.  Butesin 
Picrate  Ointment  with  Metaphen  is  supplied  in  one-ounce 
and  two-ounce  tubes  and  in  one-pound  and  five-pound  jars. 

'Abbott  Laboratories   Limited  •  Montreal 


BUTESIN 
PICRATE 
OINTMENT 

with  Metaphen 

(Contains  Butesin  Piciate  1%  and  Metaphen  1:5000} 


462 


Vol.  38,  No.  7 


CANADIAN   NURSE 

A     MONTHLY     JOURNAL     FOR     THE     NURSES     OF     CANADA 

PUBLISHED     BY     THE     CANADIAN     NURSES     ASSOCIATION 

VOLUME  THIRTY-EIGHT  NUMBER  SEVEN 

JULY,  1942 


Psychoneurosis  in  Time  of  War 


Dr.  Robert  Dick  Gillespie,  psychia- 
trist to  the  Royal  Air  Force,  recently 
made  a  remarkable  address  before  the 
New  York  Academy  of  Medicine  in 
which  he  said  that  there  are  remark- 
ably few  cases  of  psychoneuroses  among 
the  members  of  the  Royal  Air  Force. 
This  is  largely  due  to  the  extreme  care 
which  is  used  in  selecting  them.  Only 
the  mentally  and  emotionally  stable  get 
past  the  weeding-out  process. 

Moreover,  everyone  who  flies  for  the 
R.A.F.  has  the  professional  attitude  to- 
ward his  work,  whether  he  is  a  pilot 
or  an  air  gunner,  a  mechanic  or  a  rig- 
ger. His  patriotic  devotion  is  reinforced 
by  his  pride  in  his  particular  technique 
and  his  devotion  to  his  job.  As  an  illus- 
tration of  the  rarity  of  psychoneuroses 
among  the  R.A.F. ,  Dr.  GiUespie  point- 
ed out  that  a  hospital  specially  built  for 
the  care  of  psychoneurotic  victims  had 
to  be  closed  down  after  a  few  months 
and  directed  to  other  purposes  because 
there  were  not  enough  patients  to  keep 


it  going.  One  reason  why  there  are  few- 
er neurotics  in  this  war  than  in  the  last 
is  the  greater  importance  which  is  at- 
tached to  the  individual.  Even  among  the 
infantry  today,  a  man  tends  to  be  more 
and  more  a  technician  and  less  of  a 
foot  slogger.  Another  class  among  which 
psychoneuroses  are  virtually  unknown 
is  the  medical  profession.  Dr.  Gillespie 
attribu^'ed  this  phenomenon  to  the  fact 
that  doctors  also  have  a  professional  at- 
titude toward  their  work  because  they 
have  a  great  responsibility  to  others  and 
have  had  a  realistic  education. 

Surprisingly  enough  the  war  has 
given  birth  to  two  institutions  which  are 
highly  successful  as  a  preventive  of  psy- 
choneuroses. Shelter  life,  with  its  com- 
mon sharing  of  danger,  has  helped  peo- 
ple to  withstand  peril  better  than  isola- 
tion in  small  groups,  which  often  con- 
tributes to  the  development  of  psycho- 
neuroses. The  feeling  of  being  with 
others  during  an  air  raid,  even  in  an 
insecure  shelter,  brings  courage.  Shelter 


JULY,  1942 


4«3 


464  T  H  E   C  A  N  A  D  I  A  N    N  U  R  S  E 

life  and  community  centers  fill  a  need  their  observations,  they  might  have  been 

for    companionship    and    entertainment  more    useful    in    warning    politicians    of 

which    were    hitherto    unmet.    In   large  the    threat    to    civiliza'^ion    contained    in 

cities,  before  the  war,  there  was  the  pa-  the  thwarting  of  the  activity  instinct  in 

radox  of  want  amid  plenty,  social  want  such  large  sections  of  the  world's  popu- 

in  the  midst  of  social  possibilities.  Now  la'^ion,    leading   in   one    country   and   at 

we    find    persons    returning    from    safe  one  time  to  the  symptoms  of  apathy  and 

areas  to  the  shelters  in  large  ci^'ies  de-  later  to  delinquency  on  an  international 

daring    "I'd    rather    be    bombed    than  scale. 

''°^^"   •  Dr.   Gillespie  considers  the  economic 

One  of  the  most  significant  symp-  background  of  the  individual  to  be  a 
toms  of  psychoneuroses  is  the  apathy  major  influence  in  the  development  of 
noted  in  the  battle-worn  soldier  as  well  psychoneuroses.  In  the  poorest  families 
as  in  those  whose  homes  have  been  des-  there  are  the  smallest  number  of  psy- 
troyed  and  whose  lives  are  completely  choneurotic  cases.  If  the  psychological 
disorganized.  This  apathy  is  a  modern  conditions  in  the  home  are  good,  even 
equivalent  of  the  passive  acceptance  or  extreme  poverty  leaves  children  unaf- 
lethargic  state  known  in  the  Middle  fected.  Much  more  important  than  mo- 
Ages  as  "accidie".  Psychiatry  has  tended  ney  in  preventing  the  development  of 
to  overlook  its  existence  because  the  future  psychoneuroses  in  children  is  the 
symptoms  are  negative  rather  than  posi-  cultural  or  family  background.  Emo- 
tive and  it  is  usually  the  result  of  the  tional  security  is  the  central  need  of 
continual  thwarting  of  simple  desires;  children  in  a  family.  Parental  rejection 
in-  the  case  of  the  soldier,  the  repeated  of  children  is  as  potent  a  cause  of  neu- 
thwarting  of  the  instinct  of  self-pre-  rosis  as  divagations  of  the  libido, 
servation ;  in  the  case  of  the  civilian,  the  Contrary  to  expectations,  it  has  been 
thwarting  of  the  desire  for  activity.  found  in  London  that  several   families, 

Activity  of  some   sort  is  a  necessary  consisting    of    evacuated    mothers    with 

condition    of    happiness    and    for    many  their    children,    can    live    harmoniously 

people    a    necessary    preventive    of    psy-  in    one    house.    The    anticipated    crises 

choneurotic   or  anti-social  behaviour.   It  don't    arise.    This    method    works    out 

is   important   for  psychiatrists  to   recog-  much  better  for  the  children  than  when 

nize    the    apathy    or    restlessness    which  they  are  placed  in  the  care  of  women 

may    precede    psychoneuroses    or    anti-  of  other  than  their  mothers,  no  matter 

social  acts.  In  wartime,  this  apathy  often  how  complete  is  the  care  these  women 

precedes    symptoms    of    psychoneuroses  give  them.  Among  children  delinquency 

among  soldiers  and   fliers.   Or  else   the  is  oft-en  the  opposite  of  psychoneuroses. 

continual    thwarting    of    the    desire    for  In  many  cases,  if  a  child  had  not  been 

activity    produces    restlessness    and    irri-  delinquent,  it  would  have  become  neu- 

tability  followed  by  rebellion.  "The  or-  rotic. 

ganism  that  is  not  active  is  half-way  to  It    is    only    when    psychiatrists    reach 

death".  Dr.  Gillespie  reminded  his  list-  the    middle-class   competitive   society   in 

eners.   "After  the  war  we  may  expect  their   observations,    that   they    find    psy- 

either    a    dangerous    restlessness    or    an  choneuroses   becoming  much   more   nu- 

equally  dangerous  apathy  unless  we  are  merous,  since  competftion  seems  to  breed 

as  energetic  in  organizing  peace  as  we  the    desire    for   power,    and    this   desire 

have  been  in  organizing  war."  It  is  pos-  when   unsatisfied  breeds  the   beginnings 

sible   that   if   psychiatrists   had   extended  of  psychoneuroses.  Dr.  Gillespie  blamed 

Vol.   38,  No.  7 


PSYCH  ONE  URO  SIS     IN     TIME     OF     WAR 


465 


this  destructive  desire  for  power  on  the 
values  inculcated  by  the  more  expensive 
types  of  education,  which  do  not  pro- 
tect students  from  neuroses.  The  values 
from  the  cheapest  forms  of  education 
he  called  inadequate.  The  poorest  peo- 
ple lack  pivotal  or  fundamental  values 
and  have  instead  superficial  interests 
which  are  dictated  largely  by  the  cheap- 
er newspapers. 

Significant  findings  on  the  relation 
of  unemployment  to  psychoneuroses 
have  been  made  and  psychiatrists  have 
concluded  that  unemployment  is  less 
likely  to  produce  psychoneuroses  in 
men  than  in  their  wives,  who  are  more 
inclined  to  develop  anxiety  neurosis 
from  financial  worry  than  men.  Wo- 
men, however,  do  not  seem  to  crave 
employment  for  its  own  sake,  since  stu- 
dies show  that  women  who  are  employed 
outside  the  home  are  less  happy  and 
contented  than  women  who  are  living 
and  working  at  home. 

An  outstanding  phenomenon  has 
been  the  ability  of  the  English  civilian 
population  to  withstand  constant  air 
bombardment,  loss  of  home,  and  dis- 
ruption of  their  daily  routine  without 
suffering  appreciable  psychological  dam- 
age. Not  only  have  the  store-keepers  of 
London  and  elsewhere  done  business  as 
usual,  but  studies  have  indicated  that 
there  were  actually  fewer  days  lost  by 
salespeople  and  other  workers  in  bombed 
areas  during  the  period  of  the  "blitz" 
than  in  normal  times.  He  cited  figures 
showing  that  in  17  stores  in  the  Lon- 
don area  while  there  were  687  days 
lost  by  employees  in  1939  and  during 
a  period  of  heavy  bombardment  in  1940- 
41  for  a  comparable  period  there  were 
only  673  days  lost.  In  the  east  Anglian 
area  a  similar  condition  was  found  with 
absenteeism  being  reduced  from  4.1 
days  per  employee  to  3.1  per  employee 
during  the  period  of  heaviest  attack.  In 
general,  the  decrease  in  absenteeism  in 

JULY,  1942 


the  aggregate  and  per  person  employed 
is  marked.  Over  this  whole  area  it  de- 
creased by  one  day  per  person  taking 
the  area  as  a  whole.  The  only  month 
in  which  there  was  an  absolute  increase 
was  in  July  before  the  bad  air  raids 
started  but  at  a  time  when  there  were 
a  good  many  night  alerts  and  the  girls 
were  tired  by  staying  up  through  the 
whole  period  of  the  alert. 

One  of  the  most  striking  things  about 
the  effects  of  the  war  on  the  civilian 
population  has  been  the  relative  rarity  of 
pathological  mental  disturbances  among 
the  civilians  exposed  to  air  raids.  Guy's 
Hospital  is  situated  in  the  middle  of  one 
of  the  most  frequently  bombed  areas  of 
London;  and  in  the  midst  of  a  large 
population  area  of  the  poorer  classes. 
Yet  the  psychiatric  outpatient  depart- 
ment, which  still  functions  there,  re- 
cords very  few  cases  of  neuroses  at- 
tributable to  war  conditions.  The  par 
tients  who  do  come,  with  few  excep- 
tions, present  mainly  the  same  problems 
as  in  peace  time. 

As  regards  any  significant  sex  dif- 
ference in  the  development  of  psychol- 
ogical reactions  to  bombing  the  dif- 
ference seems  to  be  in  favour  of  wo- 
men rather  than  men  among  the  civi- 
hans.  Children,  generally  speaking,  take 
their  pattern  of  behaviour  from  the 
adults  and,  if  a  brave  demeanour  was 
shown,  children  automatically  followed 
suit.  However,  with  children  as  with 
adults,  more  important  than  fear  of 
death  or  destruction  is  the  importance 
of  satisfying  their  everyday  needs.  It  is 
not  the  physical  danger  or  the  prospect 
of  it  that  matters  most.  The  outstand- 
ing lesson  learned,  not  without  surprise, 
during  recent  experience,  is  that  war 
or  no  war  the  pressing  needs  of  parents 
with  problem  children  cannot  be  ig- 
nored. Increasing  demands  for  help  com- 
ing from  parents  during  recent  weeks 
indicate    that    anxiety    regarding    their 


466 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


children's  day  to  day  difficulties  take 
precedence  even  in  these  times  over  the 
remoter  fear  of  death  and  destruction. 
Behaviour  problems  arising  in  children 
are  usually  caused  by  environmental  or 
domestic  siutations,  as  in  peace  time,  and 
can  rarely  be  traced  directly  to  the  im- 
pact of  the  war  itself,  although  there 
were  several  instances  where  a  beha- 
viour problem  was  aggravated  by  a 
fear  of  air  raids.  In  many  instances  the 
absence  of  one  or  both  parents,  in  the 
service  of  munitions  played  an  impor- 
tant role.  Children  are  remarkably  un- 
affected by  fear  of  air  raids  and  this  is 
undoubtedly  connected  with  behaviour 
of  the  adults  around  them.  It  is  record- 
ed for  example,  that  in  a  children's  ward 
of  a  general  hospital,  nurses  set  an  ex-' 
ample  of  cool  courage  by  carrying  little 
patients  to  shelter,  and  sitting  up  with 
them  all  night.  None  of  the  children 
whimpered  and  some  fell  asleep  in  the 
middle  of  the  bombardment.  Some  of 
them  indulge  in  games  representing  an 
air  raid  and  may  work  off  whatever 
anxiety  they  have  in  this  way.  Several 
children  have  suffered  from  "siren 
fright",  that  is  from  symptoms  associated 
with  the  sound  of  sirens;  but  these  par- 
ticular cases  occurred  in  children  who 
had  not  actually  been  subjected  to 
bombing  itself,  and  who  had  previously  • 
shown  some  evidence  of  psychoneurotic 
tendencies. 

When  psychological  trauma  is  suf- 
fered during  an  air  raid  it  may  assume 
any  one  of  a  variety  of  forms,  the  most 
immediate  being  acute  panic  or  some 
confusion  and  loss  of  memory  for  what 
has  actually  happened,  particularly  if 
the  individual  has  left  his  post  of  dut)'. 
Acute  panic  occurs,  however,  only  in  the 
predisposed,  especially  the  habitually  ti- 
mid and  anxious.  The  second  type  of 
immediate  reaction  to  bombing  is  the 
immobility  or  passive  reaction.  For  ex- 
ample,   a   young   married    woman    who 


had  always  been  timid  and  shy,  and  in- 
clined to  tremble  in  talking  to  strangers, 
heard  the  warning  siren  and  made  for 
a  shelter;  some  bombs  dropped  before 
she  reached  it,  and  she  hesitated  before 
entering,  and  then  apparently  became 
unconscious.  On  recovering  in  the  hos- 
pital, she  said  she  had  lost  the  use  of 
her  legs.  A  third  type  of  immediate  re- 
action consists  in  direct  bodily  mani- 
festations of  fear,  tremor,  dilated  pupils 
and  staring  eyes. 

In  addition  to  the  psychological  re- 
actions observed  at  the  immediate  scene 
of  the  bombing,  there  are  frequently 
remote  reactions  which  develop  after 
a  period  of  time.  Dr.  Gillespie  cited  the 
case  of  a  young  woman  who  had  been 
in  a  building  which  had  been  smashed 
in  a  bomb  raid  and  showed  hysterical 
aphonia  for  a  week  afterward.  The  rea- 
son for  this  reaction  was  because  her 
mouth  became  filled  with  brick  dust 
immediately  after  the  explosion  and  she 
had  found  difficulty  in  speaking.  All 
such  conditions  occur  as  a  rule  only  in 
the  predisposed  but  exceptions  to  this 
rule  are  found  among  those  who  have 
undergone  even  more  than  usually 
terrifying  ordeals. 

More  spectacular  and  unexf>ected 
than  any  of  these  reactions  was  the 
frequency  with  which  individuals  whose 
entire  life  had  previously  been  charac- 
terized by  timidity,  shyness,  or  other 
psychoneurotic  manifestations  were 
transformed  into  outstandingly  coura- 
geous and  self-sacrificing  persons.  Ty- 
pical of  this  group  was  a  24  year  old 
dental  mechanic  who  for  four  years 
had  been  suffering  from  depression  and 
a  timid  personality.  He  dated  his  condi- 
tion of  "nerves"  to  an  air  raid  during 
the  last  war  when  he  was  four  years  old. 
He  was  very  small  in  stature  and  had 
always  been  self-conscious  about  his  size. 
He  had  found  the  greatest  difficulty 
in   making  an   impression   anywhere   on 


Vol.  38,  No.  7 


PSYCHONEUROSIS     IN     TIME     OF     WAR       467 


anvone.  Unsuccessful  attempts  to  learn 
dancing,  and  other  social  failures,  ag- 
gravated his  depression.  He  dreaded  to 
face  work  with  casualties.  He  was  con- 
sidered unfit  for  the  fighting  services 
and  was  finally  assigned  to  A.R.P. 
work.  Anyone  who  saw  him  would  have 
marked  him  as  a  miserable  little  shrimp 
and  no  future  hero  —  but  he  became 
very  successful  as  an  A.R.P.  warden. 
He  had  at  least  three  remarkable  es- 
capes, and  received  a  bomb  splinter  in 
one  hand.  He  remarked  that  in  critical 
moments  "girls  turn  to  me",  and  said 
that  he  liked  to  see  the  planes  coming: 
"It  is  my  quickness",  he  said,  "against 
theirs."  In  1940,  he  was  bombed  out 
of  his  home;  his  mother  and  father 
were  cut  up  and  shocked.  Following 
this  he  was  bombed  again  twice,  and 
found  that  his  new  abode  had  also  been 
destroyed.  After  a  week's  leave  he 
went  back  to  duty  and  when  last  heard 
of  was  in  full  activity,  and  rather  ag- 
gressively critical  about  conditions  in 
shelters.  It  is  clear  that  he  has  found  an 
opportunity  which  completely  relieves 
his  sense  of  failure  and  inferiority.  Some 
of  these  so-called  neurotic  individuals 
show  no  signs  of  neurosis  and  are  effi- 
cient ajid  courageous  during  a  bombing 
but  develop  acute  signs  of  anxiety  only 
when  released  from  duty  and  posted  to 
a  quiet  place. 

Dr.  Gillespie  stressed  the  fact  that 
keeping  people  busy  and  occupied  was 
one  of  the  best  ways  of  preventing  men- 
tal breakdown  after  facing  tragedy  or 
other  terrifying  experiences,  thus  avoid- 
ing a  period  of  rumination  which  may 
precede  a  remote  psychological  reaction. 
In  one  survey  of  119  persons  in  a 
bombed  area,  it  was  not  until  two  or 
three  weeks  after  the  actual  bombing 
that  30  percent  complained  of  symptoms 
of  one  sort  or  another,  usually  of  bodi- 
ly distress  but  without  evidence  of  phy- 
sical   disease.    This   observation    empha- 

JULY,  1942 


sizes  the  importance  of  occupation  in 
the  prevention  of  psychoneurotic  after- 
effects. It  was  only  after  the  individuals 
concerned  had  finished  rearranging 
themselves  and  their  affairs  and  had  time 
to  sit  down  and  consider  the  situation 
that  the  symptoms  appeared.  It  is  dis- 
organization rather  than  fright  that  is 
the  causal  factor  here. 

Although  the  removal  of  many  of 
the  outlets  that  ordinarily  exist  in  a  city 
plays  a  considerable  part  in  sending  up 
the  juvenile  delinquency,  those  who 
moved  to  the  country  find  new  interests 
and  probably  better  ones  than  they  ever 
did  in  town.  One  group  of  boys  eva- 
cuated from  London  to  the  country 
have  actually  lost  their  interest  in  cricket 
to  a  large  extent  and  become  enthusias- 
tic about  hay  making  and  work  on  the 
farm  as  well  as  other  country  pursuits. 
It  is  an  interesting  object  lesson  for  the 
future  use  of  the  energy  of  the  young 
and  also  suggests  possible  lines  of  re- 
orientation of  their  values. 

A  general  survey  of  evacuee  children 
indicated  that  there  had  been  no  great 
increase  in  psychological  disturbances 
and  that  the  majority  of  those  who  ex- 
hibited them  had  presented  problems 
before  the  war.  Analysis  of  a  group  of 
children  who  had  evidenced  behaviour 
problems  after  evacuation  indicated  that 
in  10  percent  of  the  cases  the  new  fos- 
ter home  was  unsuitable,  in  19  percent 
the  parents  of  the  child  either  because  of 
ignorance  or  selfishness  were  the  dis- 
turbing factor  and  in  the  remainder, 
the  difficulty  was  caused  by  some  per- 
sonality or  intellectual  difficulty  such  as 
feeblemindedness,  physical  defect  or  bad 
behaviour  patterns  which  pre-existed. 
Disorganization  of  the  child's  regular 
routine  is  the  most  devastating  factor  of 
all  and  seems  to  have  occurred  as  fre- 
quently in  children  who  had  not  been 
evacuated  but  whose  school  hours  had 
been    curtailed    and    whose    recreational 


468 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


clubs  are  no  longer  open. 

The  most  successful  placements  of 
evacuee  children  are  working  class 
homes  where  the  evacuee  "lumps  in" 
with  the  rest.  These  women  show  a  pa- 
tience with  the  problem  children 
which  is  often  lacking  in  big  houses. 
With  richer  people,  the  only  suc- 
cessful way  is  to  have  a  group  of 
five  or  six  children  with  a  helper. 
Otherwise  the  child  is  apt  to  fall  be- 
tween the  owners  and  the  maids,  none 
of  whom  feel  themselves  fully  respon- 
sible. 

In  conclusion,  Dr.  Gillespie  said  that 
British  authorities  were  readapting 
themselves    to    facts    as    they    became 


known  and  were  aware  that  the  re- 
establishment  of  homes  after  bombings 
was  as  important  as  hospital  treatment. 
Problems  arising  out  of  the  evacuation 
of  children  are  being  studied  and  more 
attention  is  now  being  given  to  the 
need  of  being  certain  that  the  home  and 
the  child  are  mutually  adaptable.  Psy- 
choneurotic reactions  following  expo- 
sure to  danger  are  much  less  frequent 
than  was  to  be  expected  and  apparently 
are  no  greater  hazard  to  the  individual 
than  the  disorganization  of  life  which 
comes  as  a  result  of  physical  conditions 
in  a  bombed  area,  or  of  evacuation  to 
strange  districts,  where  habit  patterns 
are    suddenly    uprooted. 


Defunctioning  Transverse  Colon  Colostomy 

Hester  Bradley 


In  the  past,  the  mortality  from  can- 
cer of  the  colon  has  been  very  high; 
the  factors  responsible  are  the  presence 
of  obstruction,  the  presence  of  feces  in 
the  bowel,  and  inflammatory  reaction 
about  the  lesion  in  the  bowel.  In  order 
to  make  the  operation  safer,  surgeons 
have  for  years  attempted  to  decompress 
the  bowel  and  thus  relieve  the  obstruc- 
tion and,  at  the  same  time,  defunction 
the  bowel  and  so  get  rid  of  the  feces 
it  normally  contains  and  allow  the  in- 
flammatory reaction  to  subside.  Twen- 
ty-five years  ago.  Sir  Harold  Stile  of 
Edinburgh  suggested  doing  a  prelimi- 
nary caecostomy.  In  this  operation  the 
caecum  is  brought  out  through  an  in- 
cision in  the  abdominal  wall  and  an 
opening  is  made  into  the  caecum  to  al- 
low the  bowel  to  empty  itself.  This  very 
often  saves  life  but  only  achieves  partial 
success    as    it    simply    decompresses    the 


bowel  and  does  not  defunction  it.  Twel- 
ve years  ago.  Dr.  David  Cheever  of 
Boston  advocated  doing  a  simple  colos- 
tomy of  the  transverse  colon  called  a 
rod  colostomy.  This  operation  never 
became  very  popular  as  it  failed  to  de- 
function  the  bowel  completely  and  was 
very  hard  to  close. 

In  1937,  Sir  Hugh  Devine,  a  senior 
surgeon  in  Melbourne,  Australia,  sug- 
gested a  special  type  colostomy  of  the 
transverse  colon  which  is  now  called 
after  him.  He  brought  the  ends  of  the 
cut  transverse  colon  out  through  the 
muscle  with  a  bridge  of  skin  between. 
Dr.  Roscoe  Graham,  of  the  Toronto 
General  Hospital,  uses  the  same  method 
without  the  skin  bridge.  Both  these  oper- 
ations are  defunctioning  colostomies  and 
completely  defunction  the  part  of  the 
colon  which  is  going  to  be  operated  upon 
later.  Thus  the  future  field  of  operation 


Vol.  38,  No.  7 


TRANSVERSE  COLON  COLOSTOMY 


469 


may  be  washed  clean  of  all  fecal  content 
and  allowed  to  rest  and  recuperate  to 
some  extent.  When  the  surgeon  finally 
comes  to  operate  upon  the  diseased  part 
he  is  operating  in  a  clean  field,  com- 
paratively free  of  bacteria,  and  in  which 
the  tone  of  the  bowel  wall  is  fairly  good. 
Furthermore,  following  the  operation 
the  anastamosis  in  the  colon  is  allowed 
to  heal  under  these  favourable  conditions. 

In  addition  to  cancer,  there  is  another 
disease  of  the  colon — diverticulitis  and 
its  complications — which  brings  the  pa- 
tient to  operation,  and  here  again  the 
defunctioning  colostomy  is  extremely 
useful.  It  allows  the  inflammatory  reac- 
tion to  subside  and  so  makes  for  safer 
surgery.  So  we  see  that  there  are  two 
diseases  of  the  colon,  cancer  and  diver- 
ticulitis, in  which  the  defunctioning 
colostomy  is  particularly  valuable  as  a 
preliminary  operation. 

After  the  doctor  has  completed  the 
defunctioning  colostomy,  the  nurse  has 
an  important  task  to  perform  before 
the  patient  is  ready  for  the  next  stage  of 
the  operation  which  is  the  resection  of 
the  part  of  the  bowel  containing  the  le- 
sion. In  order  to  fulfill  the  task  proper- 
ly the  nurse  must  be  familiar  with  the 
structure  of  the  colostomy.  The  colos- 
tomy is  situated  high  in  the  abdominal 
wall  to  the  right  of  the  midline;  the 
transverse  colon  is  completely  cut  across 
so  that  the  feces  cannot  possibly  pass 
in'"o  the  distal  loop;  the  adjacent  sur- 
faces of  the  two  loops  are  sewn  together 
for  a  distance  of  three  or  four  inches; 
the  colostomy  is  quite  a  distance  from 
thd  site  of  the  lesion. 

The  patient  is  admitted  to  the  hos- 
pital a  few  days  prior  to  operation  and 
immediately  placed  on  a  low  residue 
diet.  An  attempt  is  made  to  empty  the 
large  bowel  by  saline  catharsis  and  soap- 
suds enema  daily.  The  day  before  the 
operation  the  patient  is  given  clear  fluids 
only  and  no  cathartic;   the  same  after- 

JULY,  1942 


noon,  the  bowel  is  cleansed  with  soap- 
suds enema  until  return  is  clear.  When 
the  patient  returns  from  the  operating 
room,  where  the  defunctioning  colos- 
tomy has  been  established,  the  ends  of 
the  two  loops  of  the  bowel  are  each  closed 
by  a  kocher  forcep.  The  doctor  orders 
a  sedative  to  keep  the  patient  comfortable 
and  probably  an  intravenous  of  normal 
saline.  Clear  fluids  only  (no  fruit  juices) 
are  given  until  the  forcep  is  removed 
from  the  proximal  loop  which  forms 
the  colostomy  or  artificial  anus. 

The  forcep  is  removed  by  the  doctor 
from  the  proximal  loop  24  to  48  hours 
after  operation  according  to  the  degree 
of  the  patient's  discomfort.  In  60  to  70 
hours  after  operation  the  forcep  is  re- 
moved from  the  distal  loop;  this  pro- 
cedure is  usually  left  to  the  nurse  to  do. 
Irrigation  of  the  loops  is  started  after 
the  distal  forcep  has  been  removed.  The 
purpose  of  these  irrigations  is  to  establish 
a  working  colostomy  in  the  proximal 
loop  and  to  empty  and  cleanse  the  distal 
loop  in  which  the  lesion  is  found.  P'or 
the  first  two  or  three  days  both  loops  are 
irrigated  with  normal  saline  in  the 
morning.  A  soft  rectal  tube  is  used  for 
the  proximal  loop,  and  for  the  distal 
loop  a  soft  rubber  catheter  (number  24). 
It  is  important  that  both  these  tubes  be 
soft  lest  the  bowel  be  damaged  or  per- 
forated. After  two  or  three  days  of 
normal  saline  irrigation  of  the  proximal 
loop,  a  switch  is  made  to  soapsuds  enema 
irrigation.  The  amount  of  soapsuds  used 
will,  of  course,  vary  with  each  patient 
but  sufficient  should  be  given  to  cause 
a  definite  feeling  of  discomfort  and  to 
obtain  a  good  bowel  movement.  In  a 
few  days  the  colostomy  is  usually  work- 
ing well  and  a  few  ounces  may  be 
sufficient  to  bring  about  a  satisfactory 
bowel  movement. 

When  irrigating  the  distal  loop,  a 
no.  22  Freyer's  tube  is  first  inserted  into 
the  rectum.  The  patient  is  then  placed 


THE  CANADIAN  NURSE 


Aft  us 


To  J  eTher 


on  a  bed  pan  and  made  as  comfortable  as 
possible.  A  soft  rubber  no.  24  catheter 
is  inserted  into  the  distal  loop  and  irri- 
gation begun  with  normal  saline.  The 
normal  saline  may  not  run  through  into 
the  bed  pan  because  of  the  degree  of 
obstruction  present.  If  this  is  the  case, 
the  patient  is  turned  on  the  left  side 
and  a  normal  saline  enema  given  per 
rectum.  In  other  words,  the  bowel  is  ir- 
rigated above  and  below  the  lesion  and 
obstruction.  If  it  is  necessary  to  give 
normal  saline  irrigation  per  rectum,  it 
is  usually  too  tiring  to  the  patient  to 
give  it  every  day;  every  other  day  has 
been  found  sufficient.  Instillation  of 
hydrogen  peroxide  (strength  of  one  in 
eight)  into  the  distal  loop  helps  to  clean 
the  hard  pieces  of  feces  out  of  the  loop. 
If  this  is  not  effectual,  three  ounces  of 
glycerine  instilled  after  irrigation  is 
very  helpful  to  soften  any  impacted 
feces.  This  routine  is  carried  out  until 
normal  saline  goes  readily  through  the 
distal  loop  into  the  bed  pan.  At  the  end 


of  ten  days  the  patients  are  often  al- 
lowed up,  and  this  avoids  the  weakness 
which  so  often  follows  prolonged  rest 
in  bed.  If  able  to  do  so,  the  patient  can 
sit  on  the  toilet  to  have  the  distal  irriga- 
tion done. 

During  this  period,  patients  are  some- 
times allowed  to  go  home  and  there  car- 
ry out  this  routine  and  re^^urn  in  ten 
days  or  eleven  days  for  the  resection  of 
the  tumour.  The  length  of  preparation 
is  varied  according  to  the  degree  of 
obstruction.  In  the  case  of  carcinoma 
with  moderate  obstruction,  10  to  21 
days  are  usually  required  to  relieve  the 
oedema  about  the  growth.  The  day 
prior  to  the  resection,  the  proximal  loop 
is  irrigated  as  usual  in  the  morning;  the 
distal  loop  is  irrigated  in  the  morning 
and  in  the  afternoon.  Four  ounces  of 
aqueous  acriflavine,  (one  in  a  thousand) 
is  instilled  into  the  distal  loop  after  the 
last  irrigation.  The  patient  is  given  clear 
fluids  only,  and  paregoric  or  tincture 
of  camphor  compound  at  six  p.m.,  eight 
p.m.  and  ten  p.m.  The  morning  of 
operation,  an  intravenous  of  normal 
saline  is  started  preparatory  to  giving  a 
blood  transfusion  during  or  after  oper- 
ation as  required.  A  permanent  catheter 
is  inserted  into  the  bladder  and  a  Freyer's 
tube  (no.  22)  is  inserted  into  the  rec- 
tum under  -aseptic  conditions.  Pre-oper- 
ative  sedative  is  prescribed  by  the  doctor. 

On  the  patient's  return  from  the 
operating  room  the  usual  post-operative 
nursing  care  of  a  major  abdominal  oper- 
ation is  followed.  The  permanent  ca- 
theter is  usually  left  in  for  five  days  and 
the  bladder  is  irrigated  twice  daily  with 
some  mild  antiseptic  solution.  On  the 
fourth  or  fifth  day,  four  ounces  of  oil 
(liquid  paraffin)  is  instilled  into  the 
proximal  loop.  The  next  morning  the 
proximal  loop  is  irrigated  with  normal 
saline,  and  again  each  succeeding  morn- 
ing. On  the  eighth  day,  four  ounces  of 


470 


Vol.   38,  No.  7 


A     \V  E  L  L     MERITED     HONOUR 


471 


a  solution  of  acriflavine  of  appropriate 
strength  is  instilled  into  the  distal  loop. 
Next  morning  the  distal  loop  is  irrigated 
with  normal  saline  and  the  normal 
saline  should  go  through  into  the  bed 
pan  readily.  At  the  end  of  three  weeks 
or  a  month  the  patient  is  sent  to  the 
x-ray  department  for  examination  and 
a  barium  enema  is  given.  If  the  anaes- 
tamosis  is  satisfactory,  the  defunctioning 


colostomy  is"  closed.  The  day  prior  to 
closing,  the  procedure  of  irrigation  and 
paregoric  is  carried  out.  The  patient  then 
goes  home  in  a  few  days. 

I  hope  this  outline  has  shown  to  what 
extent  the  nurse  can  co-operate  with  the 
doctor  in  achieving  a  successful  result 
in  operations  on  the  large  bowel,  particu- 
larly with  reference  to  a  defunctioning 
colostomy. 


A  Weil  Merited  Honour 


The  Nursing  Service  of  the  Royal 
Canadian  Army  Medical  Corps  and  the 
Victorian  Order  of  Nurses  for  Canada 
will  both  rejoice  in  the  honour  which  has 
recently  been  conferred  upon  Major 
Elizabeth  Smellie,  C.B.E.,  by  the  Uni- 
versity of  Western  Ontario.  The  of- 
ficial citation,  read  by  Dr.  A.  J.  Slack, 
Dean  of  the  Faculty  of  Public  Health,  is 
an  eloquent  tribute  which  will  give 
pleasure  to  Major  Smellie's  colleagues 
and  many  friends  in  Canada  and  over- 
seas. 
Mr.  Chancellor : 

I  am  instructed  by  the  Senate  of  the 
University  to  request  you  to  admit  to  the 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws,  honoris  causa, 
Major  Elizabeth  Lawrie  Smellie,  C.B.E., 
Matron-in-Chief  of  the  Nursing  Service  of 
the  Royal  Canadian  Army  Medical  Corps 
and  organizer  of  the  Women's  Auxiliary 
Army  Corps. 

Major  Smellie  is,  we  are  proud  to  say,  a 
daughter  of  Western  Ontario,  being  born 
and  reared  in  Port  Arthur.  Her  basic  educa- 
tion was  obtained  in  her  native  city  and 
in  Toronto.  Upon  this  sound  foundation  she 
built  a  thorough  training  in  her  chosen 
profession  of  nursing,  first  in  the  great 
Johns  Hopkins  School  of  Nursing,  Baltimore, 
and,  subsequently,  in  graduate  courses  in 
Public  Health  Nursing  in  Simmons  College, 
Boston.    These   advanced    studies    served   to 


enhance  exceptional  native  talents  for  nursing 
and  for  the  assumption  of  initiative  and 
leadership.  The  first  World  War  opened 
a  place  for  the  use  of  her  gifts.  Enlisting  as 
Nursing  Sister  for  overseas  service  in  the 
Royal  Canadian  Army  Medical  Corps,  she 
soon  demonstrated  so  convincingly  her  su- 
perior ability  in  organization  and  administra- 
tion in  the  sphere  of  army  nursing  that  she 
was  advanced  rapidly  through  a  series  of  high 
executive  offices.  Her  military  services  were 
outstanding.  She  was  mentioned  in  dispatches 


Elizabeth  L.  Smellie 

Photo   by   Karsh,   Ottawa 


JULY,  1942 


472 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


in  1916,  and  in  1917  was  awarded  the  Royal 
Red  Cross,  First  Class.  In  1934  our  Sover- 
eign, King  George  V,  appointed  her,  in 
recognition  of  faithful  and  brilliant  service 
to  the  Empire,  Companion  of  the  Order  of 
the  British  Empire. 

One  could  recite  many  more  honours  and 
achievements  that  have  adorned  Major 
Smellie's  life,  but  for  fear  of  wounding 
her  modesty  I  refrain.  However,  Mr.  Chan- 
cellor, this  must  be  said.  Through  its  Faculty 
of  Public  Health,  which  is  devoted  to  the 
training  of  graduate  nurses,  our  University 


is  indebted  to  Major  Smellie  to  a  degree 
difficult  to  express  in  words.  The  debt  is 
twofold :  it  is  due,  in  part,  to  direct  counsel 
she  has  afforded  in  the  past  as  to  the  shaping 
of  adequate  graduate  courses  in  nursing; 
it  is  due  in  still  greater  part  to  the  strong, 
clear  guidance  she  has  always  ardently  and 
unselfishly  given  to  all  endeavours  to  raise 
the  standards  of  nursing  education  and 
practice  throughout  Canada.  Major  Smellie 
is  an  ornament  to  her  profession,  a  great 
citizen  of  Canada  and  the  Empire,  and  an 
exalted  pattern  of  womanhood. 


The  New  Matron-in-Chief  Overseas 


Official  announcement  has  been  made 
of  the  appointment  of  Principal  Matron 
Agnes  Neill  to  be  Matron-in-Chief  of 
the  Overseas  Nursing  Service  of  the 
Royal  Canadian  Army  Medical  Corps. 
Miss  Neill  is  a  graduate  of  the  School  of 
nursing  of  the  Toronto  General  Hospi- 


Agnes  Neill 

Photo   by  Ashley  &  Crippen 


Toronto. 


tal  and,  in  1935,  took  the  postgraduate 
course  offered  at  Bedford  College  in 
London.  Upon  her  return  to  Canada, 
she  became  a  member  of  the  training 
school  office  staff  in  the  Toronto  Gen- 
eral Hospital  and,  in  that  capacity,  gave 
excellent  service  as  surgical  supervisor. 
Upon  the  outbreak  of  the  war,  she  im- 
mediately volunteered  for  military  serv- 
ice and  shortly  afterwards  went  over- 
seas as  Matron  of  Number  15  Canadian 
General  Hospital.  The  news  of  her  well 
deserved  promotion  has  been  a  great  joy 
to  her  friends  and  fellow-workers.  Her 
new  task  will  not  only  afford  ample  scope 
for  her  marked  ability  as  an  administrator 
but  also  for  the  displa}-  of  the  sympathy 
and  tact  which  are  so  characteristic  of 
her. 

Miss  Neill  is  a  woman  of  many  in- 
terests. She  was  the  editor  of  "The 
Quarterly",  a  magazine  published  by 
the  Alumnae  Association  of  the  Toron- 
to General  Hospital,  and  is  an  active 
member  of  the  "Old  Internationals". 
She  has  travelled  widely  and  is  fond  of 
reading.  The  nurses  of  Canada  are 
proud  of  their  new  Matron-in-Chief 
Overseas  and  wish  her  all  happiness 
and  success. 


Vol.  38,  No.  7 


News  from  South  Africa 


In  a  letter  recently  received  from 
Miss  Gladys  Sharpe,  senior  matron, 
South  African  Military  Nursing  Service, 
it  is  evident  that  her  duties  have  been 
many  and  varied: 

Conferences  with  the  Canadians  stationed 
at  various  hospitals  have  taken  me  to  Dur- 
ban, Pietermaritzburg,  Ladysmith,  Sonder- 
water  and  Johannesburg.  The  opening  of  a 
very  large  Imperial  Hospital  is  to  be  my 
responsibility  for  an  indefinite  period  and 
I  am  pleased  about  this  as  it  will  keep  my 
hand  in.  The  privilege  of  going  Xorth  as 
Matron  of  a  Hospital  Ship  has  been 
promised  and  is  appreciated. 

Miss  Sharpe  has  kindly  permitted  the 
Journal  to  publish  Nursing  Sister  Groe- 
newald's  interesting  description  of  the 
training  course  for  V.  A.  D.  personnel 
for  military  hospitals  in  South  Africa. 
Miss  Groenewald  is  a  graduate  of  the 
School  of  Nursing  of  the  Women's  Col- 
lege Hospital  in  Toronto,  and  of  the 
McGill  School  for  Graduate  Nurses, 
and  has  had  considerable  experience  in 
teaching  and  supervision  in  various  hos- 
pitals in  Canada.  She  was  one  of  the 
second  group  of  Canadian  nurses  who 
sailed  in  early  January  for  South  Africa. 
En  route,  with  the  assistance  of  two 
other  Nursing  Sisters,  she  gave  a  series 
of  lectures  and  demonstrations  to  the 
men  of  the  American  Field  Service 
Corps.  On  arrival  in  South  Africa,  she 
was  posted  for  duty  at  Voortrekker- 
hoogte  Military  Hospital,  near  Pretoria, 
from  where  she  was  transferred  to  a 
military  camp  with  the  post  office  of 
Cullinan,  a  name  which  recalls  the 
famous  diamond  discovered  there.  Pre- 
vious to  her  appointment  as  Sister  Tutor, 
the  V.  A.  D.'s  were  posted  directly  to 
hospitals.  This  new  venture,  while  still 
in  its  experimental  stage,  is  considered 
-a  progressive  one,  and  Matron  Sharpe  is 

JULY,  1942 


Canadians    on   duty    at    Voortrekker- 
hoogte 

pleased  that  a  Canadian  Nursing  Sister 
has  been  selected  to  initiate  it. 

Time  has  gone  by  quickly  and  I  have 
been  busy.  All  told,  there  are  eighty  V.A.D. 
students.  I  am  quite  attached  to  them 
already  and  feel  that  we  should  accomplish 
something  worthwhile  during  the  course. 
The  majority  have  junior  matriculation — 
several  their  senior  matriculation,  plus  a 
business  or  teacher's  course.  With  a  few 
exceptions,  all  have  the  complete  Red  Cross 
or  St.  John  Ambulance  course  in  first  aid 
and  home  nursing — some  proudly  boasting 
medals  and  honour  standings.  I  have  found 
it  most  interesting  to  learn  how  the  various 
ones  have  spent  their  years  since  leaving 
school  or  college.  Some  are  very  young  and 
immature — others  older  and  sadder  and  wiser 
no  doubt ;  but  they  are  all  keen. 

Several  have  been  doing  shorthand,  typing 
and  book-keeping ;  some  have  been  managing 
their  own  dressmaking  and  millinery  estab- 
lishments or  beauty  and  hairdressing  par- 
lours.    One  girl  owned  a  poultry  farm — but 


474 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


the  chicks  got  ill  I  Maybe  they  sensed  the 
nurse  in  her  and  that  was  their  way  of 
showing  her  the  way  she  should  go !  Two 
have  been  assistant  editors  of  local  papers. 
I  told  them  about  our  "Siren"  and  sug- 
gested that  it  would  be  fun  to  have  a  small 
circular  of  their  own ;  our  shorthand  writers 
could  pick  up  the  random  notes ;  our  typists 
do  the  printing;  our  commercial  artist  (we 
have  one)  the  sketching,  and  our  editors 
write  the   candid   editorials. 

Here  is  a  pattern  of  the  day's  work.  We 
all  have  breakfast  at  6.30  a.m.  and  the 
students,  taking  turns,  are  in  charge  of  their 
own  Mess  and  plan  and  cook  their  meals. 
Four  native  boys  do  the  heavy  work  of 
making  fires  and  preparing  vegetables — 
one  potato  each  for  eighty  people  means  a 
lot  of  peeling.  I  spent  two  days  with  them 
in  the  kitchens,  and  we  scrubbed  shelves, 
washed  windows,  turned  the  Frigidaire  in- 
side out  and  the  vegetable  table  upside  down. 
This  experience  is  proving  extremely  valu- 
able. They  learn  to  cook  and  realise  that 
rationing  is  a  fact  and  no  myth,  and  they 
understand  why  meals  in  an  institution  are 
not   like  what  mother  used  to  make ! 

From  7  to  7.30  a.m.  they  return  to  their 
rooms  to  tidy  them  and  at  the  end  of  the 
period  I  go  on  a  tour  of  inspection.  From 
7.30  to  8.30  we  have  calisthenics ;  fortunately 
there  is  one  girl  in  the  group  who  gave 
gymnastic  classes  in  her  pre-war  life  and 
she  conducts  these  classes  with  my  assistance. 
We  do  them  to  music,  too — there's  a  piano 
in  the  lecture  hall  and  another  one  of  my 
lassies  was  once  a  music  teacher,  so  we 
all  jump  and  stretch  to  the  tune  of  "Sally 
Marais"  with  a  dash  of  Beethoven.  We 
spend  an  hour  at  this  as  we  have  to  divide 
the  students  into  groups  and  to  the  older  ones 
we  give  less  strenuous  exercises.  The  students 
enjoy  this  very  much  and  work  hard  at  it. 
I've  guaranteed  that  they  are  going  to  have 
a  perfect  carriage  and  boyish  silhouettes,  be 


excellent  dancers  and  never  have  to  take 
a  laxative  if  they  put  their  all  in  all  into 
these  exercises.  After  that  I  allow  them 
twenty  minutes  for  a  shower  and  change — 
it  takes  them  quite  ten  minutes  to  get  their 
hair  tucked  under  their  veils. 

The  first  period  I  generally  spend  in 
lecturing  as  they  are  wide-awake  and  ap- 
preciate sitting  down.  At  10  a.m.  comes  the 
inevitable  and  most  enjoyable  break  for  tea. 
After  that  follows  more  lecturing  and  dem- 
onstrations. In  the  afternoon,  as  it  gets 
warmer  and  they  tend  to  get  sleepy,  we 
generally  spend  the  time  in  return  demonstra- 
tions, practice  and  quizzing.  Usually  I  try 
to  leave  the  last  hour  to  them  to  put  any 
questions  to  me  and  I  am  pleased  to  say 
there  is  never  a  lull  in  the  conversation.  We 
generally  finish  at  4  p.m.  and  after  that  it 
is  not  unusual  to  see  a  white  figure  dotted 
here  and  there  on  the  rocks  gazing  intently 
into  the  valley  below  or  towards  the  hills 
beyond  (this  is  a  beautiful  spot)  and  then  I 
feel  a  little  sad  and  a  wee  bit  guilty — eighty 
essays  are  to  be  handed  in.  The  subject 
I  left  to  them  and  the  search  for  an  inspira- 
tion is  very  evident,  or  is  it  perhaps  that  the 
actual  choice  of  one  is  a  problem? 

We  also  have  extra-curricular  activities ! 
We  are  raising  funds  for  gifts  and  com- 
forts for  the  fighting  forces.  Last  night 
we  had  a  social  evening,  played  games  and 
had  various  contests.  My  nose  is  pink  with 
pride  today — it  balanced  a  match  box  every 
bit  as  nicely  as  Table  Mountain  could  do 
it !  We  cleared  the  tidy  sum  of  £2.  10/-. 
We  are  having  a  book  tea  and  a  fancy  dress 
ball — cost  of  costume  not  to  exceed  a  shil- 
ling. Don't  be  alarmed,  Matron,  we  are  just 
MS — the  male  has  as  yet  only  looked  wistfully 
on  in  the  dim  distance.  When  we  have  our 
concert,  however,  we  shall  drop  our  aloof 
attitude  and  invite  them  to  our  hospitable 
hearth — it's  for  King  and  Country  and  the 
Fighting    Forces,   after   all ! 


Vol.  38,  No.  7 


Notes  From  the  National  Office 

Contributed  by  JEAN  S.  WILSON, 
Executive  Secretary,  The  Canadian  Nurses  Association 


British  Nurses  Relief  Fund 

When  it  was  understood  that  British 
nurses  from  Singapore  as  well  as  those  of 
Allied  Nations  in  the  Pacific  area  had 
reached  Australia  in  safety,  the  following 
cablegram  was  sent  by  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association  to  the  Secretary  of 
the  Australasian  Trained  Nurses  As- 
sociation: "Our  thoughts  are  with  you. 
Wish  to  learn  any  British  or  Allied 
nurses  in  Australia  in  need  of  financial 
aid.  Reply  collect."  The  reply  received 
was:  "Deeply  appreciate  generous  offer, 
inquiries  reveal  not  required  at  present. 
Will  advise  if  occasion  arises." 

The  total  contributions  from  each 
Province  since  the  Fund  was  opened  in 
March  1941  to  June  5,  1942,  are  listed 
herewith.  The  membership  of  each 
provincial  association  of  registered  nurses 
is  given  in  brackets: 

Alberta    $3,220.00  (1472) 

British  Columbia 4,770.00  (2840) 

Manitoba  1,436.83  (1539) 

New  Brunswick 1,143.17  (641) 

Nova  Scotia  1,368.25  (1035) 

Ontario  21,687.79  (5171) 

P.  E.  Island  350.00  (  118) 

Quebec  2,000.00  (4232) 

Saskatchewan 3,193.71  (1?18) 

Contributions  to  the  Fund  during  the 
month  of  May  1942  are  as  follows: 

British  Columbia: 

Individual  donations  $  52.00 

Kimberley  Chapter 37.60 

Nurses  of  Oliver,  B.C 7.00 

A.A.,  St.  Paul's  Hospital  25.00 

Chilliwack  Chapter 15.00 


Undergraduate  nurses.  University  of 

British  Columbia 27.80 

Nanaimo  Chapter  10.00 

Powell  River  Graduate  Nurses  Guild  50.00 

Rossland  Registered  Nurses 10.00 

Cowichan  Chapter  30.45 

Vancouver    Local    Committee    (pro- 
ceeds of  refresher  courses)  318.45 

Sisters  &  nursing  staff,  St.  Joseph's 

Hospital,  Comox,  V.I 7.50 

New  Brunswick'. 

A. A.,    Fisher    Memorial    Hospital, 

Woodstock  5.00 

St.  Stephen  Chapter,  N.B.A.R.N 80.10 

Student    nurses    &    staff,    Chipman 

Memorial  Hospital,  St.  Stephen....        3.00 
A.A.,   Hotel   Dieu   Hospital,   Camp- 

bellton  22.00 

Student  Nurses,  Saint  John  General 

Hospital   25.00 

Saint  John  Chapter,  N.B.A.R.N 207.25 

Moncton  nurses   4S.55 

Fredericton  Chapter,  N.B.A.R.N 29.25 

Student  nurses,  Victoria  Public  Hos- 
pital, Fredericton  5.00 

Staff   nurses,   Victoria   Public   Hos- 
pital, Fredericton  11.00 

Nova  Scotia: 

Cumberland  Co.  Branch,  R.N.A.N.S.  5.00 

Pictou  Co.  Branch,  R.N.A.N.S 12.00 

Antigonish-Guysboro-Inverness-Rich- 

mond  Branch,  R.N.A.N.S 17.00 

Valley  Branch,  R.N.A.N.S 12.50 

Colchester  Co.   Branch.   R.N.A.N.S.  17.00 

Halifax  Branch,  R.N.A.N.S 2.00 

Ontario : 

District  1 : 

A.A.,    Sarnia    General    Hospital    62.28 

Student  nurses,  Public  General  Hos- 
pital,  Chatham   25.00 


JULY,  1942 


473 


476  THE  CAN  AD 

Districts  2  and  3: 

Nurses  of  Districts  2  and  3  7.00 

Xurses  of  Simcoe  Registry  20.00 

District  4 : 

Nurses  of  St.  Catharines  69.75 

A.A.,  Hamilton  General  Hospital  ....     100.00 

District  5: 

A.A.,    St.   John's   Hospital,    Toronto        7.00 

A.A.,  Toronto  General  Hospital  100.00 

A.A.,    Hospital    for    Sick    Children, 

Toronto  7.25 

Student  nurses,    St.    Michael's   Hos- 
pital, Toronto  122.00 

Peel    Memorial    Hospital    staff, 

Brampton  17.00 

Staff    nurses,    Toronto    Hospital, 

Weston  7.00 

]\Iatron  &  Nursing  Sisters,  Military 

Hospital,  Camp  Borden  '22.27 

Matron  &  Nursing  Sisters,  Toronto 

^Military    Hospital   22.00 

Toronto    staff,    Victorian    Order   of 

Nurses    27.95    ' 

Nurses  of  Oshawa  6.31 


IAN  NURSE 

Group   of   private  duty  nurses,   To- 
ronto         21.25 

District  6:    • 

Nurses  of  Peterborough  15.40 

District  8: 

Student  nurses,   Ottawa  Civic  Hos- 
pital         50.00 

A.A.,  Lady  Stanley  Institute,  Ottawa     443.00 
District  9: 

Kirkland  Lake  nurses  3.00 

Individual  1.00 

Prince  Edward  Island: 

Prince    Edward    Island   Registered 
Nurses  Association  25.00 

Saskatchewan: 

Areola  nurses  17.00 

Saskatoon  Registered  Nurses  Asso- 
ciation      309.25 

A. A.,  Saskatoon  City  Hospital  25.00 

A.A.,  Regina  General  Hospital  30.00 

A  contribution  to  the  Florence  Nightingale 
Memorial  Fund  has  been  received  from : 
A.A.,  Kingston  General  Hospital  $  5.00 


Matron  MacRae   is  Promoted 


Dorothy  MacRae 

Photo  by  Notman,  Montreal 


The  appointment  of  Nursing  Sister 
Dorothy  MacRae,  R.C.A.M.C.  to  be 
a  Principal  Matron  is  announced  by 
Military  District  Four.  In  this  capacity 
she  will  also  serve  as  Assistant  to  Miss 
Agnes  Neill,  Matron-in-Chief  of  the 
Canadian  Army  Medical  Corps  Over- 
seas, whose  appointment  is  announced 
elsewhere  in  this  issue.  Matron  Mac- 
Rae graduated  from  the  School  of  Nurs- 
ing of  the  Montreal  General  Hospital  in 
1927  and,  after  serving  as  a  member 
of  the  nursing  staff  in  the  Western 
Division  of  the  Montreal  General  Hos- 
pital, became  superintendent  of  nurses 
at  the  Anson  Memorial  Hospital,  Iro- 
quois Falls,  Ontario.  In  December  1940, 
Miss  MacRae  was  appointed  Matron 
of  No.  1  Canadian  General  Hospital. 


Vol.  38,  No.  7 


HOSPITALS   &    SCHOOLS    of  NURSING 


Contributed   by  the   Hospital   and   School   of   Nursing   Section   of  the   C.   N.   A. 

Posf-Operative  Care  of  Cleft  Palate 

Louise  Destromp 


For  our  nursing  clinic  this  morning 
we  have  chosen  Baby  Richard  who  has 
been  admitted  for  repair  of  cleft  palate. 
You  will  note  that  he  also  had  a  cleft 
lip  which  has  already  been  repaired. 
Baby  Richard  is  now  1 8  months  old  but 
the  cleft  lip  was  repaired  when  he  was 
ten  weeks  old.  This  is  the  ideal  age  for 
this  operative  procedure  and  the  second 
year  is  the  time  of  choice  for  palate  re- 
pair. Cleft  lip  and  cleft  palate  usually 
occur  together  but  not  always. 

Why    is   the   repair   of   the   lip   done   so 
early  ? 

To  enable  the  baby  to  suck,  and  also 
to  improve  his  appearance  for  the  bene- 
fit of  the  mother. 

What  is  the  most  important  disability  re- 
sulting from,  cleft  palate? 

The  inability  to  speak  distinctly. 

What  is  the  age  for  learning  to  speak? 
From  one  to  two  years.  The  ultimate 
goal  in  repairing  the  palate  is  that  the 
child  may  learn  to  speak  properly  so 
it  follows  that  this  should  be  done  be- 
fore he  acquires  the  habit  of  speaking 
badly.  Children  are  very  conscious  of 
anything  which  tends  to  make  them  dif- 
ferent from  their  playmates.  By  oper- 
ating at  an  early  age  good  speech  habits 
may  be  developed  and  an  emotional  dis- 
turbance avoided. 


Can     these     children     acquire     perfect 
speech ? 

Yes,  a  great  number  do  when  they 
are  treated  early  and  taught  to  speak 
distinctly.  Some  of  the  older  children 
who  have  already  acquired  bad  pronun- 
ciation have  improved  remarkably  fol- 
lowing speech  training. 
What  pre-operative  care  do  these  child' 
ren  require? 

They  are  particularly  susceptible  to 
respiratory  infections  and  for  that  rea- 
son we  use  protective  technique  imme- 
diately following  admission  and  carry 
this  out  until  the  patient  is  discharged. 
What  is  protective  technique? 

First,  the  child  must  be  segregated 
from  other  patients,  ideally  in  a  cubicle 
with  individual  equipment.  The  nurse 
must  herself  be  free  from  infection  and 
must  carry  out  gown  and  mask  tech- 
nique. Before  touching  the  patient  she 
must  wash  her  hands  and  arms  with 
soap  under  running  water  for  one  min- 
ute. She  then  puts  on  a  gown  and 
washes  her  hands  for  two  more  minutes 
before  approaching  the  patient. 
What  must  he  done  for  these  ch'ddren 
post-operatively  ? 

The  post-operative  care  of  the  cleft 
palate  patient  is  most  important  and  is 
centred  around  two  main  factors.  The 
first  is  the  prevention  of  infection,  the 


JULY,  1942 


477 


478 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


second  is  the  prevention  of  strain  or  in- 
jury to  the  suture  hne.  There  will  pro- 
bably have  been  some  loss  of  blood  dur- 
ing the  operation  and,  in  order  to  pre- 
vent or  combat  shock,  the  foot  of  th^ 
bed  should  be  elevated  from  six  to  eight 
inches.  The  child  should  lie  prone  with 
his  head  turned  to  one  side.  A  sterile 
tray  should  be  in  readiness  on  which 
there  should  be  a  towel  to  be  placed  un- 
der the  child's  face.  On  this  tray  there 
should  also  be  a  kidney  basin  and  mouth 
wipes.  Separately  and  also  sterile,  a  suc- 
tion tip  should  be  available  iii  case  there 
is  oozing  from  the  wound  which  the 
child  ought  not  to  aspirate.  Sterile  ton- 
gue depressors  and  mouth  gags  should 
also  be  at  hand.  To  assure  a  good  air- 
way, the  surgeon  usually  leaves  the 
"tongue  stitch"  in  place  until  the  child 
is  conscious.  This  is  a  piece  of  silk, 
or  other  suture  material,  run  through 
the  tip  of  the  tongue.  It  is  left  about 
six  inches  long  and  the  ends  are  held 
by  a  haemostat;  the  nurse  can  thus 
easily  pull  the  tongue  forward  if  there 
is  any  obstruction  of  breathing.  These 
children  must  be  watched  very  closely 
until  they  are  fully  conscious.  They 
should  then  be  placed  ixi  a  supine  posi- 
tion and  the  head  of  the  bed  should  be 
raised. 

What  nourishment  should  be  given  and 
by  what  methods? 

The  child  should  have  fluids  as  soon 
as  he  can  tolerate  them  and  should  be 
fed  from  a  spoon  or  pipette.  All  equip- 
ment should  be  sterile  and  the  mouth 
should  be  cleansed  after  each  feeding. 
Clear  boiled  fluids  are  given  at  first  but 
milk  must  be  withheld  because  it  is  a 
good  medium  for  bacterial  growth.  In 
about  three  or  four  days,  when  primary 
healing  is  complete,  milk  and  milk  foods 
may  be  allowed  and,  by  the  end  of  the 
week,   a  soft  diet.      All   foods  must  be 


sieved  or  mashed  so  that  there  will  be 
no  hard  pieces  to  cause  injury. 

How  can  the  mouth  be  keft  clean? 

Each  feeding  is  followed  by  sterile 
water  in  sufficient  quantities  to  wash 
away  particles  of  food  which  remain 
along  the  sutures  and  teeth.  Syringing  is 
likely  to  cause  the  child  to  cry  and  strug- 
gle. It  is  preferable  to  cleanse  the  mouth 
by  giving  the  child  a  copious  drink  of 
sterile  water. 

Hoiv  ma\'  the  tearing  out  of  sutures  b-e 
-prevented? 

Any  small  child  puts  his  fingers  in  his 
mouth  particularly  if  something  is  caus- 
ing discomfort  such  as  the  presence  of 
sutures.  Unfortunately  we  must  use 
restraint  and  the  hands  must  be  fasten- 
ed to  the  sides  of  the  cot  by  means  of 
a  flannelette  bandage  tied  in  a  clove- 
hitch  around  the  wrists.  The  child 
should  be  taken  out  of  restraint  as  often 
as  possible.  Every  time  a  child  cries  or 
even  makes  a  sound  he  uses  the  muscles 
of  the  soft  palate  and  these  muscles  must 
be  kept  at  rest  so  that  strain  on  the  su- 
tures will  be  prevented.  He  must  be 
kept  quiet  and,  because  children  cry 
when  they  see  their  parents,  visiting 
must  be  restricted.  The  nurse  must  be 
most  careful  when  feeding  the  patient. 
One  slip  of  the  spoon  or  pipette  and 
the  surgeon's  work  is  ruined,  the  nurse's 
time  is  wasted,  there  is  more  suffering 
for  the  patient  and  added  expense  for 
the  parents.  Never  put  anything  into  the 
child's  mouth  beyond  his  teeth  and  you 
will  never  injure  the  palate. 

When  caring  for  one  of  these  child- 
ren keep  the  ultimate  goal  ever  in 
mind  and  work  to  that  end — a  child 
who  will  speak  properly.  The  surgeon 
may  perform  a  perfect  operation  but  its 
success  depends  entirely  on  the  care 
given  by  the  nurses,  yes,  usually  stu- 
dents like  yourselves. 

Vol.  38,  No.  7 


Speech  Correction  for  Cleft  Palate  Patients 


Mary  Wehe  HubeR,  M.A. 


The  miracles  of  modern  plastic  sur- 
gery are  nowhere  more  highly  vene- 
rated than  within  the  nursing  profes- 
sion which  is  among  the  first  to  view, 
in  its  earliest  and  most  extreme  mani- 
festations, the  stigmata  of  cleft  lip  and 
palate.  Although  there  is  yet  much  to 
be  learned  as  to  the  nature  and  oc- 
currence of  this  unfortunate  pheno- 
menon, the  great  white  searchlight  of 
science  has  dissolved  the  shadow  of  su- 
perstition which  clung  to  it  so  viciously 
until  less  than  half  a  century  ago.  The 
enlightened  cleft  palate  individual  to- 
day is  thankful  that  he  was  not  born  in 
an  earlier  age  when  his  affliction  might 
have  been  regarded  as  a  curse  of  Provi- 
dence visited  upon  his  family  in  punish- 
ment for  some  misdeed,  and  to  be  borne 
by  them  and  him,  meekly,  as  a  symbol 
of  disgrace. 

It  is  now  generally  recognized  that 
the  rehabilitation  of  the  cleft  lip  and 
palate  individual  is  the  responsibility,  in 
one  way  or  another,  of  almost  everyone 
under  whose  supervision  he  appears. 
With  a  sincere  desire  to  fulfil  the  needs 
of  each  individual  patient  comes  the 
realization  that  a  more  complete  under- 
standing of  all  the  problems  involved 
is  essential. 

Not  very  long  ago,  the  cleft  palate 
surgeon,  in  order  to  prove  the  success  of 
his  operation,  was  forced  to  undertake 
also  the  task  of  correcting  the  speech 
habits  of  his  patient.  Today  the  busy 
surgeon  in  a  metropolitan  community 
can  usually  rest  assured  that  the  services 
of  a  scientifically  trained  speech  correc- 
tionist  are  at  his  disposal  should  his  pa- 
tients require  them.  However,  many 
post-operative  cleft  palate  patients,  fol- 
lowing hospitalization,  do  not  remain  in 


an  area  where  their  speech  re-educa*^ion 
can  be  undertaken,  but  are  quickly 
whisked  away  to  their  homes  in  more 
rural  districts  which  cannot  afford  the 
services  of  specialized  workers.  These 
patients  then,  may  never  show  by  their 
manner  of  talking,  that,  for  all  practical 
purposes,  they  have  been  provided  with 
a  normal  speech  mechanism. 

Those  who  are  unacquainted  with  the 
principles  of  speech  development  seldom 
realize  that  correct  articulatory  adjust- 
ments may  be  impossible  when  certain 
parts  of  the  apparatus  are  lacking.  Speech 
habits,  whether  good  or  bad,  once  they 
have  developed,  do  not  disappear  over- 
night simply  because  a  more  adequate 
mechanism  has  been  provided.  In  the 
case  of  the  post-operative  cleft  palate 
patient,  whose,  palatal  reconstruction  took 
place  after  the  period  when  speech  devel- 
opment took  place,  it  is  not  a  matter 
of  training  him  to  talk,  but  of  re-train- 
ing him  to  talk  correctly. 

Why  does  the  cleft  lip  and  cleft  palate 
patient  speak  as  he  does:  What  essential 
parts  of  his  speech  mechanism  were  lack- 
ing and  why  should  this  condition  bring 
about  such  a  characteristic  maldevelop- 
ment  of  speech  habits?  Dr.  Robert  W. 
West,  in  stressing  the  importance  of 
early  operative  repair  of  the  cleft  lip 
explains  that  "the  anterior  cleft  has,  not 
only  the  direct  effect  upon  labial  sounds, 
but  it  has  also  definite  indirect  effects 
upon  the  patient's  speech  in  general,  rob- 
bing it  of  vigour  and  firmness,  by  cen- 
tering the  patient's  attention  upon  labial 
and  nasal  deformities.  The  patient  de- 
velops the  habit  of  speaking  softly  and 
articulating  indistinctly,  as  though  avoid- 
ing attraction  to  the  facial  blemishes. 
Operative  repair  is  therefore  advised  for 


JULY,  1942 


479 


480 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


both  mechanical  and  cosmetico-psychol- 
ogical  effects." 

Dr.  Herbert  Koepp-Baker  emphasizes 
the  fact  that  an  intact  palatal  wall  be- 
tween the  nose  and  mouth  is  an  essen- 
tial in  the  production  of  practically  all 
sounds.  He  states  that  the  proper  condi- 
tions for  the  production  of  those  sounds 
in  which  intra-oral  breath  pressure  must 
be  generated,  as  in  the  case  of  plosives 
(P,  B,  T,  D,  K,  and  G),  and  certain 
fricatives  (F,  V,  S,  Z,  and  Sh),  cannot 
be  obtained  if  the  palate  is  inadequate 
or  perforated;  and  that,  in  all  other 
sounds,  with  the  exception  of  the  nasals 
(M,  N,  NG,  and  NK),  the  balance  of 
resonance  between  the  nose  and  mouth 
is  disturbed  in  a  very  conspicuous  way 
if  the  palatal  walls  between  those  two 
cavities  are  imperfect. 

From  the  speech  standpoint,  surgical 
repair  of  the  soft  palate  is  the  most  ini- 
portant  consideration.  The  hard  palate, 
not  being  a  movable  structure,  can,  if 
necessary,  be  supplied  with  an  artificial 
wall  for  palato-lingual  contacts.  But  for 
adequate  functioning  of  the  soft  palate  in 
speech,  it  is  essential  that  its  muscles 
and  membranes  be  restored  to  their 
normal  positions  as  nearly  as  possible. 
When  the  velum  fails  in  its  function  of 
assisting  in  naso-pharyngeal  closure,  the 
patient  is  unable  to  generate  the  requi- 
site intra-oral  breath  pressure  necessary 
for  the  production  of  good  plosive  sounds. 
Fricatives  are  similarly  affected,  depend- 
ing upon  the  amount  of  oral  breath 
pressure  required  for  their  proper  emis- 
sion. All  voiced  consonants  are  affected 
because  their  characteristic  quality  is 
altered  by  nasal  resonance.  Inadequate 
naso-pharyngeal  closure  further  affects 
vowel  quality  through  excessive  nasal 
resonance. 

The  phenomenon  of  cleft  lip  and  pa- 
late are  frequently  complicated  by  other 
structural  anomalies  that  may,  unless 
properly    treated,    profoundly    influence 


the  problem  of  speech  rehabilitation. 
Thus  we  occasionally  see  deformities  of 
the  nostrils,  malformations  of  the  gum 
ridge  and  dental  arch,  extremely  high, 
narrow  palate,  and  other  more  or  less 
serious  imperfections  of  anatomical  de- 
velopment. These  additional  factors  play 
an  important  role  in  determining  the  ex- 
tent to  which  a  given  individual  is  ca- 
pable of  developing  normal  speech. 

Speech  training  is  not  recommended 
in  cases  of  cleft  lip  until  all  operative 
repairs  have  been  completed.  Then  the 
first  step  is  to  provide  exercises  that  will 
strengthen  the  upper  hp  and  give  it 
functional  integration  with  the  rest  of 
the  face  musculatures.  Children  may  be 
given  whistles  and  horns  to  blow  on, 
and  they  may  be  taught  to  imitate  the 
sound  of  the  wind,  the  mooing  of  cows, 
the  cry  of  the  owl,  the  yawn  of  the  hip-« 
potamus,  and  other  natural  sounds.  Un- 
der the  guidance  of  a  physical  therapist 
a  very  short,  tight  upper  hp  may  be  gent- 
ly massaged  to  stimulate  the  circulation 
in  that  area  and  establish  greater  elas- 
ticity of  the  lip  muscles.  When  the  pa- 
tient has  acquired  voluntary  control  of 
his  lip  movements  he  may  be  shown, 
before  a  mirror,  the  various  mouth  posi- 
tions for  such  sounds  as  p,  b,  m,  ah,  oh, 
oo,  ou,  and  i. 

The  main  problem  of  speech  re-edu- 
cation, after  surgical  repair  of  the  palate 
is  usually  that  of  training  the  patient 
to  close  the  opening  into  the  nose  volun- 
tarily by  drawing  the  velum  upward  and 
backward  and  constricting  the  pharyn- 
geal wall  to  meet  the  velum.  In  order 
to  determine  the  extent  to  which  a  pa- 
tient is  capable  of  this  function  he  may 
be  asked  to  swallow  vigorously  a  large 
mouthful  of  water;  if  he  can  do  so  with- 
out spilling  any  of  it  out  through  his 
nose,  or  if  he  can  blow  a  whistle  without 
having  to  pinch  his  nostrils  closed,  he 
has  already  acquired  some  functional 
control   of   his   velum.    However,   if   he 


Vol.  38,  No.  7 


CLEFT     PALATE     PATIENTS 


48 


fails  in  this  test  certain  clinical  devices 
are  recommended  to  render  the  soft 
palate  pliable  and  movable,  and  to  de- 
velop a  conscious  kinaesthetic  and  cuta- 
neous imagery  of  velar  and  pharyngeal 
movements.  One  method  is  to  have  the 
patient  force  air  out  through  passively 
closed  lips.  With  children,  palatal  con- 
trol is  sometimes  accomplished  by  lead- 
ing two  lines  of  rubber  tubing  from  the 
nostrils  to  an  outlet  so  mounted  on  a 
ring  stand  that  air  from  the  nose  is  di- 
rected against  a  candle  flame.  When  the 
child  blows  through  his  lips,  or  says  plo- 
sive sounds  with  his  velum  closed  the 
flame  is  not  distorted,  but  when  the 
velum  is  open  he  sees  the  flame  waver* 
Another  device  for  checking  the  amount 
of  air  escaping  through  the  nostrils  'i 
to  have  the  child  hold  a  small  pocket 
mirror  under  his  nose  while  he  pro- 
nounces certain  plosive  sounds.  If  the 
mirror  gets  steamed  up  the  velum  is  not 
functioning  properly  to  prevent  the 
breath  pressure  from  escaping  into  the 
nose. 

Incorrect  tongue  and  lip  positions  in 
the  production  of  the  various  consonant 
sounds  are  the  natural  result  of  com- 
pensatory adjus^^ments  of  the  articulatory 
apparatus  before  palatal  reconstruction 
has  been  provided.  The  post-operative 
cleft  palate  patient  must  therefore  be 
guided  into  correct  articulatory  patterns. 
With  the  aid  of  a  mirror  and  a  large 
flashlight  the  patient  can  compare  his 
own  sound  placements  with  the  correct 
ones  of  the  clinician  and  then  make  the 
proper  adjustments. 

In  the  order  of  presentation  explosive 
sounds  (p,  b,  t,  d,  k,  g)  should  come  first 
and  these  are  more  easily  learned  and  the 
experience  gained  from  learning  them 
carries  over  into  the  mastery  of  other 
sounds.  The  sounds  (k)  and  (g)  need 
special  attention  since  many  cleft  palate 
patients  have  been  in  the  habit  of  sub- 
stituting the  so-called  "glottal-catch",  a 

JULY,  1942 


sound  made  by  the  approximation  of  the 
vocal  chords  instead  of  the  upward 
movement  of  the  back  of  the  tongue 
against  the  soft  palate.  Following  the 
plosive  sounds,  the  fricatives  (f,v,s,z,  sh, 
etc.)  may  be  taught,  and  finally  the 
semi-vowels,   (r  and  1). 

One  cannot  over-emphasize  the  im- 
portance of  ear  training  for  the  recog- 
nition of  the  various  sounds.  Once  the 
repaired  cleft  palate  patient  has  learned 
the  correct  motor-kinaesthetic  habits  in 
speech  production  a  properly  trained 
ear  must  eventually  supplement  his  reg- 
ular speech  training.  The  type  of  speech- 
reeducation  which  teaches  the  patient 
to  discriminate  between  his  own  pro- 
perly articulated  or  defective  sounds  is 
the  one  that  will  be  of  the  most  lasting 
value  to  him. 

Post-operative  results  have  shown  that 
in  certain  cases  where  palatal  reconstruc- 
tion was  almost  identical,  individuals 
exhibited  marked  variations  in  their  ca- 
pacity to  profit  by  surgical  repair  and 
speech  training.  As  Dr.  Robert  West 
suggests,  in  considering  the  etiology  of 
any  speech  disorder,  we  must  not  lose 
sight  of  the  uniqueness  and  individuality 
of  each  case;  he  explains  "there  are  so 
many  variables  that  what  may  be  an 
adequate  explanation  of  a  speech  defect 
in  one  child  may  be  wholly  inadequate 
for  a  similar  defect  in  another.  Some  of 
these  variables  are  the  age  of  the  child  at 
the  time  the  supposed  cause  was  first 
operative,  the  sex,  the  health  and  gen- 
eral vitality,  the  speech  models  in  his 
environment,  his  intelligence,  and  the 
acuity  of  his  hearing."  Innate  constitu- 
tional factors  and  environmental  influ- 
ences as  well  may  have  considerable 
diagnostic  significance  in  determining 
how  effectively  an  individual  may  react 
to  post-operative  speech  re-education. 


References 
Koepp-Baker,    Herbert:    A    Handbook    of 


482 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


Clinical  Speech.  Vol.  11,  p.  324.  (Published 
by  Edwards  Brothers,  Inc.,  1930). 
West,  Robert  W. :  Deformities  of  the 
Speech  Organs.  The  Practice  of  Pediatrics, 
Ed.  Jos.  Brenneman.  Chap.  14,  pp.  28-30. 
(Published  by  W.  F.  Prior  Co.,  1936). 
West,  Robert  W.,  Kennedy,  Lou,  and  Carr, 
Anna :  The  Rehabilitation  of  Speech.  Chaps. 
5  and  13.  (Published  by  Harper  and  Bro- 
thers, 1937). 

Miss  Margaret  G.  Finley  has  kindly 
contributed  the  following  note  on  the 
use  of  physiotherapy  in  cleft  palate  cases: 

Dr.  Hamilton  Baxter  recently  referred  a 
patient  to  the  physiotherapy  department  of 
the  Children's  Memorial  Hospital  for  treat- 
ment. This  child  was  born  with  a  cleft 
palate.  A  push  back  operation  was  per- 
formed in  which  a  flap  of  palatal  tissue  was 
freed  and  displaced  backward  to  increase 
the  length  of  the  soft  palate.  Following 
operation,  the  raw  surface  on  the  nasal  side 
of  the  palate  contracted  due  to  scar  forma- 
tion. This  shortened  the  palate  considerably 
so,  to  overcome  this  defect,  regular  massage 


of  the  palate  was  performed  for  short 
periods  five  times  a  week  for  three  months 
with  marked  relaxation  of  the  scar  tissue 
and  increase  in  length  of  the  soft  palate. 

The  massage  is  done  as  follows :  a  sterile 
finger  cot  is  used,  stretching  effleurage  and 
frictions  being  the  chief  movements  em- 
ployed. These  are  gradually  increased  in 
depth,  particularly  the  stretching  movements, 
to  prevent  adhesions.  The  child  is  given  fre- 
quent rests  during  the  treatment.  It  is  most 
interesting  to  note  the  improvement  in  the 
condition  after  even  a  few  weeks.  The  sur7 
geon  considered  it  advisable  to  wait  for 
about  one  month  after  operation  on  the 
palate,  when  firm  healing  had  developed, 
before  commencing  massage.  When  the 
final  operation  is  performed  it  is  anticipated 
that  the  child  will  be  able  to  speak  in  a 
normal  manner  without  evidence  of  her 
former  cleft  palate  type  of  speech.  Co- 
operation following  the  work  of  the  surgeon 
must  be  stressed — first  the  valuable  role  of 
the  trained  surgical  nurse,  then  the  com- 
bined efforts  of  the  physiotherapist  and  the 
speech  therapist  in  obtaining  the  desired 
results. 


Obituaries 


Henrietta  Wilson,  a  graduate  of 
the  School  of  Nursing  of  the  Sarnia 
General  Hospital,  and  a  member  of 
the  Class  of  1908,  is  reported  to 
have  died  recently.  Miss  Wilson  was 
engaged  in  mission  work  in  China  for 
many  years  and,  after  a  furlough  spent 
in  Canada,  returned  to  China  in  1937 
and  became  a  member  of  the  South 
China  Boat  Mission.  Her  headquarters 
were  at  Pinchow  and  it  is  believed  that 
she  was  in  the  war  area  at  the  time  of 
the  fall  of  Hong  Kong. 


Mrs.  S.  Martin  Banfill  (Anna 
Mae  Smith)  died  recently  in  Mont- 
real. Mrs.  Banfill  was  a  graduate 
of  the  School  of  Nursing  of  the  Mon- 
treal General  Hospital,  and  a  member 


of  the  Class  of  1929.  Her  husband, 
Capt.  S.  M.  Banfill,  was  serving  with 
the  Canadian  Forces  in  Hong  Kong  and 
is  now  thought  to  be  a  prisoner  of  war. 


Martha  Colquhoun  died  recently 
in  Montreal.  She  was  a  graduate .  of 
the  School  of  Nursing  of  the  Montreal 
General  Hospital,  and  a  member  of  the 
Claiss  of  1895.  Miss  Colquhoun  gave 
excellent  service  for  many  years  as  a 
private  duty  nurse. 

Edna  Mary  LaTrace  died  on  May 
9,  1942,  at  St.  Joseph's  Villa,  Victoria, 
British  Columbia.  Miss  LaTrace  was 
a  graduate  of  the  School  of  Nursing  of 
St.  Boniface  Hospital,  Manitoba,  and  a 
member  of  the  Class  of  1939. 

Vol.  38,  No.  7 


PUBLIC   HEALTH   NURSING 


Contributed  by  the  Public  Health  Section  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association. 


Fighting  Tuberculosis 

Dorothy  R.  Jones 


The  Saint  John  Tuberculosis  Clinic 
functions  under  the  auspices  of  the 
Saint  John  Tuberculosis  Association  of 
which  Dr.  H.  A.  Farris  is  the  president 
and  founder.  The  Clinic  has  been  in 
operation  since  •1909  and  is  supported 
entirely  by  the  sale  of  Christmas  Seals, 
The  Clinic  is  closely  associated  with 
the  Saint  John  Tuberculosis  Hospital  and 
selves  Saint  John  City  and  County  and 
a  number  of  patients  from  adjacent 
counties.  On  January  1,  1942,  there 
were  904  patients  under  the  supervision 
of  the.  Clinic,  and  we  receive  a  weekly 
report  \  from  the  Tuberculosis  Hospital 
of  admissions  and  discharges  and  perti- 
nent information  regarding  each  patient. 
All  patients  up  to  40  years  of  age,  other 
than  those  diagnosed  as  tuberculous,  are 
given  the  Vollmer  patch  test;  clinic 
patients  are  x-rayed  at  the  Tuberculosis 
Hospital. 

The  nursing  staff  consists  of  two 
members  and  there  is  also  a  paid  worker 
who  assists  the  nurses  at  the  bi-weekly 
clinics  and  renders  clerical  assistance. 
The  nurses  visit  the  patients  in  their 
homes  in  the  city  and  nearby  rural  areas 
and  transportation  is  provided  by  the  As- 
sociation. The  Clinic  gives  milk  and  cod 
liver  oil  to  needy  patients  and  clothing 
is  provided  when  necessary,  through 
the  Red  Cross  and  other  agencies.  The 


Gyro  Fresh  Air  Camp,  for  under-pri- 
vileged children,  provides  a  month's  rest 
and  recreation  each  summer  for  boys 
and  girls,  many  of  whom  are  referred 
by  the  Tuberculosis  Clinic. 

Students  from  the  Tuberculosis  Hos- 
pital and  the  Saint  John  General  Hospi- 
tal are  taken  on  observation  visits  with 
the  clinic  nurses.  A  group  of  student 
nurses  from  the  Tuberculosis  Hospital 
spend  an  afternoon  every  two  months  in 
the  Health  Centre,  where  the  Clinic  is 
located,  learning  of  the  various  activities 
conducted  there.  The  Tuberculosis  Cli- 
nic has  an  excellent  opportunity  to  co- 
operate with  other  nursing  and  social 
agencies  since  many  of  these  are  housed 
under  the  same  roof.  This  is  particularly 
helpful  to  all  concerned  because  the 
child  welfare  nurses  and  school  nurses 
are  carrying  on  a  specialized  service.  All 
cases  under  our  active  supervision  are 
registered  with  the  Social  Service  Ex- 
change. The  Victorian  Order  provides 
nursing  care  when  necessary  to  patients 
awaiting  admission  to  the  Tuberculosis 
Hospit^al  and  gives  us  a  list  of  new  pre- 
natal cases  each  week.  The  Board  of 
Health  supplies  us  with  a  weekly  list 
of  births  and  thus  the  Clinic  frequently 
consults  with  the  child  welfare  nurses 
regarding  common  problems.  The 
school    nurses    are    informed    of    school 


JULY,  1942 


483 


484 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


children  admitted  to  and  discharged 
from  the  Hospital  or  who  are  attending 
the  Clinic.  Information  is  exchanged 
with  the  Social  Hygiene  Clinic  and  the 
Family  Association  and  the  Children's 
Aid   Society   are    frequently   consulted. 

The  tuberculosis  death  rate  has  shown 
a  considerable  decline  over  a  period  of 
years.  In  1912,  the  rate  was  224.6  per 
100,000,  in  1918,  it  had  dropped  to 
123.3,  and  in  1940,  it  had  reached  57.9. 
The  incident  rate  of  positive  tuberculin 


tests  done  on  school  children  has  also 
steadily  decreased.  In  1927,  children  6 
to  16  years  of  age  had  59%  positive  tu- 
berculin reactions;  in  1934,  the  rate  on 
children  17  to  20  years  of  age  was  42% 
positive  and  in  1939,  the  rate  on  child- 
ren 12  to  18  years  of  age  was  20%  posi- 
tive. Thus  it  will  be  seen  that,  although 
considerable  progress  has  been  made,  the 
situation  is  still  far  from  ideal  and  much 
remains  to  be  accomplished  towards  the 
eradication  of  tuberculosis. 


Emma  Roberts,  Master  of  Science 


In  recognition  of  her  unusual  service  to 
humanity  the  University  of  Toledo  recently 
conferred  the  honourary  degree  of  Master 
of  Science  on  Miss  Emma  E.  Roberts, 
Director  of  the  Toledo  District  Nurse  As- 
sociation. Miss  Roberts  was  born  and  edu- 
cated in  Stratford,  Ontario,  and  was  grad- 
uated from  the  School  of  Nursing  of  St. 
Catharines  General  Hospital,  St.  Catharines. 
The  citation  given  by  President  Phillip  C. 
Nash  of  the  University  of  Toledo  reads  as 


follows :  "For  thirty  years  Miss  Roberts 
has  been  a  leader  of  good  works  in  this  city 
contributing  especially  to  the  field  of  public 
health.  Born  in  Canada,  long  a  citizen  of 
this  nation,  trained  in  hospitals  of  both 
countries,  since  1916  the  Director  of  the 
Toledo  District  Nurse  Association,  she  has 
brought  fame  to  her  city  and  to  her  profes- 
sion by  the  diligence  of  her  leadership  and 
she  has  helped  to  give  more  useful  and 
happy  lives  to  thousands  of  our  citizens." 


Victorian  Order  of  Nurses  for  Canada 


The  following  are  the  staff  appointments 
to  and  resignations  from  the  Victorian 
Orders  of  Nurses  for  Canada : 

Miss  Geraldine  Garnett,  Miss  Merle  Grec'n- 
aivay.  Miss  Normina  MacLean,  and  Miss 
Margaret  Burgess,  all  graduates  of  the  Win- 
nipeg General  Hospital,  have  been  appointed 
temporarily  to  the  Winnipeg  staff. 

Miss  Margaret  Mullen  has  resigned  from 
the  Montreal  staff  to  be  married. 

Miss  Elizabeth  Reed  has  resigned  from  the 


New  Glasgow  staff  to  join  the  R.C.A.M.C. 
Nursing  Service. 

Miss  Ella  Mitchell  has  resigned  from  the 
Toronto  staff. 

Miss  Doris  Slackhall  has  resigned  as 
nurse-in-charge  of  the  Leamington   Branch. 

Mrs.  M.  R.  Hill  has  resigned  as  nurse-in- 
charge  of  the   Canso  Branch. 

Miss  Claire  Roches  is  on  leave  of  absence 
from  the  Ste.  Annes  Branch  for  six 
months. 


Vol.  38,  No.  7 


GENERAL   NURSING 


Contributed  by  the  General  Nursing  Section  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association, 


A  Registry  for  Doctors  and  Nurses 

F.  W.  RosHER,  M.D. 


And  so  that  which  we  call  earth, 
spins  on  into  another  year  of  man-meas- 
ured time.  A  year,  perhaps,  that  will 
be  inscribed  upon  the  tablets  of  human 
history  as  one  of  the  most  fateful  the 
world  has  ever  known;  a  year  that  may 
spell  the  end  of  that  civilization  with 
which  we  have  become  so  accustomed 
and  of  which  we  have  been  so  proud. 
As  great  forces  the  world  over  strive 
to  annihilate  each  other  on  widespread 
battlefields,  enormous  quantities  of  this 
planet's  precious  substance  are  squander- 
ed. It  is  during  such  crises,  that  calls  for 
the  most  efficient  method  of  doing 
things,  both  in  war  industry  and  home 
industry,  are  made.  One  thing  we  will 
do  well  to  bear  in  mind  is  that  the  ef- 
ficiency of  the  larger  unit  depends  great- 
ly upon  the  efficiency  of  the  smaller 
unit,  just  as  a  chain  is  no  stronger  than 
its  weakest  link. 

Let  me  first  state  what  I  mean  by  the 
Registry.  About  two  years  ago,  a  com- 
mittee from  the  Saskatoon  Registered 
Nurses  Association  approached  certain 
of  this  city's  doctors,  to  see  if  it  could 
be  mutually  arranged  to  have  a  register 
where  the  doctors  could  be  more  readily 
contacted  and  thus  improve  efficiency. 
The  doctors  agreed,  and  the  register 
formed  is  called  the  medical,  or  doctors', 
registry.  For  a  nominal  fee  to  the  Nur- 


ses' Association  a  doctor  may  join  the 
Registry.  After  doing  so  below  his  office 
number  in  the  telephone  directory  is 
printed,  "If  no  answer,  call  the  Re- 
gistry." Here  his  call  is  taken  care  of 
by  someone  who  is  familiar  with  where 
the  doctor  is  and  how  he  can  be  reached. 
This  is  a  great  help  to  the  patient  who 
is  naturally  anxious  to  get  in  touch  with 
the  doctor  as  soon  as  possible,  but  it  is 
also  of  great  help  to  the  doctor,  for  he 
knows  that  the  nurse  in  charge  of  the 
Registry  will  get  him  promptly  if  ne- 
cessary, and,  on  the  other  hand,  not  dis- 
turb him  with  unnecessary  calls. 

When  the  doctor  leaves  his  house,  he 
leaves  the  number  of  the  Registry  and 
has  all  calls  relayed  there.  He  delights  in 
the  fact  that  his  calls  will'not  be  bungled 
bv  an  inexperienced  person,  but  received 
by  someone  familiar  with  medical  con- 
ditions. As  a  result,  the  doctor  learns 
more  about  his  case  than  if  the  call  were 
received  through  non-medical  contact, 
and  this  often  makes  it  possible  for  him 
to  take  with  him  special  instruments  or 
treatments  he  may  need,  thus  avoiding 
a  second  trip.  Then,  too,  as  the  Medical 
Registry  is  connected  with  the  Nurses' 
Registry,  he  is  able  to  get  a  special  nurse 
sent  on  the  case  at  once,  if  necessary. 

As  yet,  all  our  doctors  do  not  use 
the    Registry,   but   more   are   joining   as 


JULY,  1942 


485 


486 


THE  CANADIAN  NURSE 


they  learn  of  its  benefits,  aild"  see  with 
what  efficiencjTThelr  cases  can  be  hand- 
led. Personally,  I  feel  that  this  is  a- de- 
finite step  in  the  management  and -effi- 
ciency of  a  doctor's  practice,  and  is  as 
important  relatively,  as  the  progress  in 
its  scientific  aspects.  It  seems  to  be  gene- 
rally admitted  that  medical  care  has 
vastly  and  steadily  improved,  but  we 
know  there  are  demands  for  socialized 


medlcint.  We^  the  m_embers_of  the_mei- 
ical  profession,  should  be  the  real  leaders 
in  organizing  it,  and  should  not  forget 
that  the  economic  and  business  end  must 
always  be  contended  with...There_rnusl: 
always  be  a  small  beginning  with  hope 
of  larger  developments  later  on,  and  I 
feel  that  the  Doctors'  and  Nurses*  Re- 
gistry is  a  very  definite  link  in  the  long 
chain  of  progress. 


The  Practical  Nurse  and  the  Registry 


Mildred  Emmerton 


The  service  that  a  professional  Central 
Registry  for  nurses  provides  for  the 
practical  nurse  registrants  and  for  the 
public  is  worthy  of  mention  and,  from 
experience,  I  have  found  that  the  gen- 
eral public  is  very  appreciative  of  the 
fact  that  all  their  nursing  needs  can  be 
supplied  through  one  medium.  There 
are  quite  a  number  of  cases  that  can 
be  adequately  taken  care  of  by  a  prac- 
tical nurse.  These  would  include  a  con- 
valescent patient,  possibly  recovering 
from  an  operation;  a  young  mother, 
home  from  the  hospital,  and  needing  a 
few  weeksr  in  which  to  regain  her 
strength;  or  perhaps  an  aged  person  suf- 
fering from  an  illness  that  requires  a 
stay  in  bed.  In  each"  of  these  instances 
the  skill  of  the  graduate  nur'se  is  not 
always  necessary  and  to  those  of  moder- 
ate means  the  service  that  can  be  given 
by  the  practical  nurse  is  very  helpful. 
At  a  time  when  the  demands  of  the 
various  war  services  absorb  a  great  many 
registered  nurses,'  the  registry  which 
carries  practical  nurses  oh  its  call  board 
finds  them  helpful  in  meeting  the  nurs- 
ing needs  of  the  convalescent  and  chroni- 
cally ill  patient. 

Practical  nurses  appreciate  registering 
with   a  professional  central  registry  be- 


cause it  enables  them  to  wbrk  and  to 
earn  a  livelihood  not  for  themselves 
alone  but  often  for  a  dependent  as  well. 
We  recognize  the  prestige  of  belonging 
to  a  registry  where  records  of  each  prac- 
tical nurse's  work  enables  the  registrar 
to  choose  for  us  cases  which  she  feels 
we  are  capable  of  handling.  As  a  rule, 
our  services  follow  those  of  the  graduate 
nurse,  although  there  are  cases  when 
we  work  together  and  we  are  usually 
requested  to  take  the  night  shift. 

One  of  the  greatest  benefits  that  the 
regis'^ry  affords  to  the  practical  nurse  is 
that  the  registrars  are  always  willing 
to  help  us  with  our  problems  by  giving 
us  advice  and  guidance  that  may  be 
needed  at  any  time.  I  have  used  this 
service  and  I  am  very  grateful  to  be  a 
member  of  an  organized  registry. 

There  is  one  thing  that  I  feel  would 
be  an  advantage  and  that  is  if  some 
instruction  could  be  given  to  qualify  us 
to  care  for  cases  that  may  be  assigned 
to  us  by  the  registry.  Many  practical 
nurses  have  had  no  preparation  and  it 
may  be  that  a  course  should  be  given 
before  we  take  a  case  or  that  instruction 
should  be  provided  from  time ,  to  time. 
It  seems  to  me  that  some  plan  should 
be  worked  out. 


Vol.  38,  No.  7 


A  Day's  Work  in  Newfoundland 


C.  A.  S.  Abernethy 


In  the  course  of  a  week  I  had  at- 
tejided  four  deliveries.  The  first  was  on 
the  mainland,  eight  miles  across  the  bay, 
and  I  had  gone  off  duty  looking  forward 
to  a  quiet  evening.  Then  I  remembered 
I  had  promised  some  orange  juice  to  the 
mother  of  a  premature  four-pound  baby, 
newly  delivered  and  being  looked  after 
by  the  local  handy  vvoman.  So  I  went 
back  to  the  dispensary.  Returning,  a 
glance  at  the  entrance  to  the  harbour 
showed  a  decked  boat  coming  quickly 
in.  I  recognised  it  for  it  came  from  Davis 
Cove  across  the  bay  and  when  the  skip- 
per came  ashore  I  found  it  was  a  call 
to  a  place  three  miles  further  on.  He 
told  me  the  men  from  there  had  come 
to  Davis  Cove  by  dory.  Luckily,  he  had 
just  returned  from  freighting  a  load. 
The  woman  in  labour  had  written  me 
saying  what  her  condition  was,  and  ask- 
ing me  to  hurry  back  with  the  boat. 
When  I  reached  her,  delivery  had  al- 
ready taken  place,  and  the  aged  mid- 
wife had  made  her  comfortable,  though 
in  a  way  not  commendable  to  any  trained 
nurse.  Some  bulky  old  blue  aprons  were 
rammed  in  the  vagina,  there  was  no 
binder  on,  and  the  bed  had  not  been 
cleaned  up.  There  was  no  rubber  sheet, 
and  it  was  a  feather  bed.  We  usually 
find  this  state  of  affairs.  After  being 
cared  for  in  a  competent  manner,  they 
see  the  benefit  of  efficient  and  regular 
attention.  I  gave  one  drachm  of  ergot 
and  proceeded  to  do  routine  changing 
of  bedclothes.  There  were  no  baby 
clothes  ready  but  it  was  a  healthy  baby 
girl  and  was  well  wrapped  up.  Both 
mother  and  baby  could  be  safely  left 
until  the  next  morning. 

The  journey  home  by  boat  was  not 
without   incident.    The    boat    had    been 


freighting  a  load  of  loose  coarse  salt, 
which  is  used  for  curing  the  codfish.  On 
account  of  the  war,  a  scarcity  has  becji 
felt.  But  in  Bill's  boat  it  had  been  poured 
in  the  cabin  and  little  piles  were  still  to 
be  seen  in  the  corners.  Sacks  of  potatoes 
lay  in  a  huddle  on  one  bench,  along  the 
wall.  Remnants  of  a  meal  lay  forward, 
by  the  side  of  a  small  stove,  which  was 
dirty  and  rusty.  Logs  of  wood  and 
"splits",  the  latter  for  kindling  fresh 
fires,  were  strewn  around.  About  half- 
way over,  while  I  hung  in  the  cabin 
doorway,  my  head  out  like  the  horses 
for  the  breeze,  a  great  dark  bulk  loomed 
in  the  water  behind  us.  It  was  a  large 
whale  and  I  waited  to  see  him  spout,  but 
was  disappointed.  He  was  quite  close  to 
the  boat. 

Skipper  Bill  is  a  cross  between  an  Es- 
kimo and  a  French  halfbrecd,  though 
he  would  tell  you  he  is  a  pure  New- 
foundlander. He  brought  up  all  sorts 
of  subjects  in  the  course  of  conversation, 
one  being  that  he  supposed  I  had  some 
money  and  was  tired  of  this  rough  life 
in  the  Bay,  especially  in  winter.  I  could 
still  smell  the  onions  he  had  carried  as 
cargo,  a  whiff  now  and  then  coming  up 
past  me.  Of  course  I  explained  that  I 
liked  the  work  and  it  was  better  to  have 
someone  really  interested  in  the  people 
and  their  health,  rather  than  have  some- 
one who  was  not  adaptable,  nor  pre^ 
pared  to  rough  it  in  order  to  help  them. 
A  twinkle  came  in  his  eyes.  "You  will 
end  up  by  marrying  a  Newfoundlander, 
and  I  can  see  you  settling  down  for 
good  here."  That  night,  we  got  closed 
in  by  fog,  and  I  said  to  the  skipper  that 
I  felt  he  was,  in  my  opinion,  heading: 
straight  for  Burgeo  Island.  But  he 
laughed;   he  had  no  need  of  a  compass 


JULY,  1942 


487 


488 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


and  sure  enough  in  an  hour's  time  we 
made  the  place  he  had  steered  for,  in- 
stead of  veering  to  the  west  as  I  had 
feared.  Everything  was  wet  with  the 
drifting  fog  and  it  was  a  clammy  cold. 
By  the  next  day  a  half-gale  was  blowing 
and  I  couldn't  leave  the  settlement. 
There  is  no  telephone  and  I  was  com- 
pletely cut  off  from  the  other  sixteen 
settlements  I  minister  to.  This  lasted  for 


another  two  days,  the  gale  increasing  to 
three-quarter  force.  The  third  night  I 
left  for  my  headquarters,  and  a  lot  of 
work. 

This  is  one  small  slice  of  the  work  a 
nurse  will  sample  in  a  day  or  two  in 
Newfoundland.  In  every  instance  of 
being  held  up  on  account  of  stormy 
weather,  I  always  devote  one  day  to  the 
school  and  pupils  and  visit  every  home. 


Letters  from  Sweden 


Elizabeth  Lyster 


Author's  Note:  While  on  a  holiday 
in  New  York  City,  in  March  1940,  I 
learned  of  a  Field  Hospital  Unit  which 
was  being  formed  to  give  medical  and 
nursing  aid  to  Finland  in  the  war  which 
they  were  fightins;;  against  Russia  at 
that  time.  I  was  lucky  enough  to  be 
accepted  as  a  member  of  this  Unit  and, 
although  the  war  had  come  to  an  end 
before  we  sailed,  it  was  thought  tliat 
we  could  give  valuable  help  in  recon- 
struction. However,  as  shown  in  the 
following  letters,  the  German  invasion 
of  Norway  brought  about  changes  in 
the  original  plans  of  the  Unit. 


Hogbo  Sanator'tum 
Faluriy  Sweden 
December  30th,  1940 
Dear  M: 

Christmas  has  come  and  gone  and 
what  a  strange  Christmas  it  has  been. 
For  days  before  we  were  busy  decorating 
the  wards  and  rooms.  Each  ward  has  a 
tree  and  each  room  a  smaller  one  alight 
with  many  candles.  I  was  fearful  for  all 
these  buildings  are  of  wood,  but  nothing 
happened.  Apart  from  those  on  the  trees, 
there  are  dozens  all  over  the  place.  It 


seems  like  a  mild  passion  with  them  at 
this  time,  and  it  is  nice.  We  had  our 
Christmas  dinner,  sitting  at  the  head 
table  with  the  "husmor",  Syster  Anna, 
and  one  of  the  doctors  and  his  wife. 
All  the  nurses  have  their  meals  with  the 
patients,  except  supper,  sitting  at  the 
head  of  each  table  and  serving  out  the 
different  courses.  I  can  scarcely  see  over 
the  large  tureen  and,  by  the  time  I  have 
served  twelve  to  fourteen  bowls  of  soup 
or  porridge,  I  feel  I  have  earned  my 
own  meal.  For  Christmas  dinner  we 
started  off  by  eating  fish  with  plenty 
of  white  sauce  and  boiled  potatoes.  The 
fish  is  a  special  dried  kind  which  one  sees 
in  large  piles  in  the  stores  for  weeks  be- 
fore Christmas.  It  reminded  me  of  dried 
cod,  but  not  the  taste,  which  isn't  a  bit 
fishy.  After  this  original  start,  we  had 
pork  and  more  potatoes  and,  for  dessert 
a  kind  of  porridge.  At  the  bottom  of 
each  tureen  there  was  an  almond,  and 
the  lucky  person  who  got  this  was  sup- 
posed to  compose  a  verse  on  the  spur 
of  the  moment.  One  fat  jolly  middle- 
aged  nurse  rose  nobly  to  the  occasion 
but  nobody  else  admitted  that  they  had 
also  found  an  almond  lurking  in  the 
depths  though  it  is  supposed  to   mean 

Vol.  3S,  No.  7 


LETTERS     FROM     S\\'EDEN 


489 


that  you  will  be  married  within  the  year. 
In  the  evening,  we  went  to  Syster  An- 
na's room  to  talk  and  eat  nuts  and  rai- 
sins, the  one  familiar  touch,  until  Syster 
Anna  presented  us  with  grey  silk  stock- 
ings which  had  had  the  feet  cut  off  and 
the  ends  tied  with  red  ribbon.  They 
were  stuffed  with  nuts,  raisins,  apples 
and  oranges,  a  pot-holder  and  a  small 
brass  candle  stick.  She  had  heard  that 
we  had  Christmas  stockings  in  our  part 
of  the  world  and  thought  it  would  make 
it  seem  more  like  home  for  us.  Words 
failed  me  then  and  do  now  when  I  think 
of  it. 

It  is  strange  to  be  able  to  see  both 
sunset  and  sunrise  from  the  same  win- 
dow, which  is  what  I  can  do  from  mine. 
It  is  dark  when  I  get  up  at  seven  and 
the  sky  is  not  really  light  till  nearly  ten 
and  just  after  two  the  sun  is  well  down 
towards  the  horizon  and  it  is  dusk  again 
before  long.  It  is  a  short  and  fleeting 
curve  which  that  sun  makes  and  the 
sky  seems  to  be  coloured  for  many  hours 
with  its  going  and  coming.  We  are  high 
up  here  and  I  look  down  over  the  tops 
of  the  trees  to  Falun  and  the  distant 
mountains  and  lakes.  My  room  is  just 
over  the  front  door  and  the  pavilions 
stretch  out  on  both  sides  of  me.  There 
are  long  covered  balconies  where  the 
patients  spend  many  hours  in  reclining 
chairs  muffled  up  to  the  eyebrows  in 
bags  and  blankets,  their  caps  pulled  low 
over  their  ears.  It  all  reminds  me,  in  a 
rather  strange  unreal  way,  of  the  "Ma- 
gic Mountain".  Is  it  this  that  is  unreal 
or  is  it  Ir  The  world  seems  very  far 
away. 


Hogbo  Sanatorium 
Falun,  Sweden 
January  20th,   1941 
Dear  M: 

The  hours  seem  very  long  here,  most- 
ly because  there  isn't  very  much  to  do. 

JULY,  1942 


I  have  actuallv  given  medicines  (which 
is  progress  if  you  like)  under  supervision 
the  first  two  or  three  times  and  once 
alone.  Some  of  the  names  are  alike 
which  is  a  help.  There  is  a  whistle  that 
goes  off  at  odd  hours  of  the  day.  It  is 
the  patients'  clock  and  tells  them  they 
should  be  getting  up  or  lying  down  or 
drinking  a  glass  of  milk  or  what  you  will. 
It  sounds  rather  like  a  muted  attenuated 
and  mild  fog  horn.  It  is  very  cold,  the 
thermometer  reading  from  9  to  36  be- 
low Centigrade  yesterday — get  B.  to 
work  that  out  into  Fahrenheit.  In  any 
man's  language  it  is  cold  but  so  far  I 
have  not  frozen  any  fingers,  toes,  ears 
or  nose. 

We  were  hav^ing  dinner  in  town  one 
evening  and  a  young  lad  came  over  to 
our  table  and  introduced  himself,  saving 
he  had  heard  we  were  English.  He  is 
interned  here,  waiting  to  be  exchanged 
with  a  German.  These  exchanges  go 
on  all  the  time.  He  is  a  New  Zealander 
from  Auckland,  and  was  in  the  New 
Zealand  navy  but  came  over  to  England 
before  the  war  to  go  into  the  "signals"  in 
the  air  force.  He  was  flying  over  Nor- 
way in  the  war,  near  Trondjheim.  The 
plane  was  forced  down  onto  the  sea  and 
after  swimming  around  for  an  hour, 
the  crew  was  picked  up  by  a  destroyer. 
A  few  days  later,  they  were  flying 
again  and  again  had  to  come  down,  this 
time  in  Sweden,  the  only  choice  being 
a  forest  or  a  lake.  They  chose  the  lake 
and  swam  for  the  shore  where  thev 
were  met  by  about  fifteen  Swedish  farm- 
ers armed  to  the  teeth.  However,  they 
took  them  in  and  dried  them  out  and 
since  then  he  had  been  enjoying  the 
doubtful  pleasures  of  internment.  Six 
of  the  British  flyers  left  last  week  on 
exchange  for  England  via  Russia,  the 
Mediterranean  and  North  Africa,  appa- 
rently a  shining  example  of  the  longest 
way  round  being  the  shortest  way  home. 
In  the  camp  with  him  are  Poles,  Spa- 


490 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


niards,  French  and  Portuguese  "and  one 
British.  There  is  barbed  wire,  flood 
lighting,  sentries  and  all  and  they  just 
walk  in  and  out  as  they  will.  They  are 
supposed  to  report  every  few  hours.  In 
many  respects  it  is  not  so  bad,  but  time 
hangs  heavy  with  nothing  to  do  day  after 
day.  The  British  Legation  in  Stockholm 
sends  him  printed  news  reports  and  he 
has  asked  them  to  send  them  to  me  too. 
They  also  sent  him  a  couple  of  bottles 
for  Christmas  and  the  parcel  was  opened 
by  the  censor  who  wrote  on  the  wrap- 
pings "Skal— the  Censor".  "Skal"  is 
the  Swedish  toast. 

We  are  the  proud  owners  of  real  ski 
slacks — dark  blue  and  warm.  They  were 
sent  to  us  by  a  friend  in  Stockholm. 
Mine  are  very  baggy  and  pout  out  at 
the  back,  but  who  cares.  We  have  joined 
the  town  library  and  my  first  two  En- 
glish books  in  quite  some  time  are  "No 
Pockets  in  a  Shroud",  and  "Eyeless  in 
Gaza".  I'm  wondering  how  long  it  will 
take  me  to  exhaust  their  supply  which 
is  a  mixed  and  motley  collection,  Dickens 
rubbing  shoulders  with  E.  M.  Dell  and 
Galsworthy  with  Zane  Grey.  We  have 
hired  a  radio  by  the  month  and  it  is  so 
good  hearing  music  and  getting  the  odd 
spot  of  English  news.  I  have  been  skiing 
several  times  and  am  improving  a  little. 
It  is  marvellous  country  round  here  for 
it. 

You'll  never  believe  it,  but  five  days 
out  of  seven  we  have  potatoes  three 
times  a  day — yes  for  breakfast,  dinner, 
and  supper  and  it  is  the  usual  thing  to 
take  two  and  often  three  at  a  time.  It 
is  not  good  manners  in  Sweden  to  leave 
anything  on  your  plate.  They  scrape  up 
all  the  gravy  with  the  knife,  run  it 
through  the  prongs  of  the  fork  and  some 
how  manage  to  get  it  to  their  mouths 
before  it  gets  away  from  them.  We 
have  tried,  without  much  success.  You 
can  always  pick  out  our  plates.  It's  a 
technique  which  must  be  acquired  young. 


Hogbo  Sanatorium 

Falun,  StV'eden 

March  2nd,   1941 
Dear  M: 

All  over  Sweden,  a  few  weeks  ago, 
skiing  competitions  were  held.  You  had 
to  go  one  mile  (Swedish)  across  country 
in  one  and  a  half  hours.  All  the  condi- 
tions were  in  my  favour  the  day  I  tried, 
which  was  fortunate,  as  I  did  it  with 
just  four  minutes  to  spare.  One  day 
we  went  out  skiing  in  the  woods  and 
had  a  great  time,  but  I  got  mixed  up  in 
the  turnings  and  we  got  lost  and  came 
out  finally  when  it  was  getting  dark, 
about  ten  kilometers  from  Hogbo.  We 
were  rather  done  in,  so  we  went  into 
a  farm  house,  where  they  called  a  taxi 
for  us  and  treated  us  to  coffee  and  cakes. 
It  has  been  very  mild  in  fact  a  "January 
thaw".  There  are  even  patches  of  ^rass 
showing  which  is  remarkable  consider- 
ing how  much  snow  there  has  been  ly- 
ing around.  It  is  light  now  from  7  a.m. 
till  after  5  p.m.  One  sees  a  change  each 
day. 


Hogbo 

March   16th,   1941 
Dear  M: 

To-day  I  am  looking  after  a  ward 
while  the  Syster  in  charge  is  free  for 
the  day,  and  to-morrow  I  am  to  look 
after  ano'"her  ward  for  an  indefinite 
number  of  days  for  the  Syster  has  in- 
fluenza. Spring  is  really  in  the  air  here 
now,  the  sun  is  very  warm  and  the  snow 
banks  are  shrinking  fast.  Quite  a  stretch 
of  roadway  to  Falun  is  bare  and,  on  a 
patch  of  grass  in  the  grounds  of  the 
hospital,  are  small  clumps  of  yellow 
crocus. 

I  picked  up  a  paper  the  other  evening 
and  read,  with  you  can  imagine  what 
feelings,  that  Kohlby  Gaard  had  burned 
to  the  ground.  The  fire  broke  out  very 
early  one  morning  and  I  suppose  it  was 
miraculous  that  all  of  them  eot  out  alive. 


Vol.  38,  No.  7 


A     STORY     OF     PROGRESS 


491 


But  they  have  lost  everything  apparent-  wooden  house  no  longer  exists  except  in 

ly — all   the   old   oil   paintings^  and   glass  my  mind  and  memory  and  in  those  of 

and  linens — everything.  It  is  impossible  all'  who  have  lived  there  and  known  it. 
for   me   to   realize   that   that   old   white  {To  be  continued) 


A  Story  of  Progress  -  1917-1942 


Its  Silver  Anniversary  was  celebrated  by 
the  Saskatchewan  Registered  Nurses  As- 
sociation in  Moose  Jaw  on  May  28  and  29. 
1942.  Miss  M.  Diederichs  presided  at  all 
sessions  of  the  twenty-fifth  annual  conven- 
tion. While  none  of  the  charter  members 
could  be  present,  greetings  from  them  were 
read  by  Miss  R.  M.  Simpson  in  letters  re- 
ceived from :  Misses  Jean  Browne,  Jean 
Wilson,  Xorah  Armstrong,  and  Mesdaraes 
Effie  Feeny  and  Elizabeth  Van  Valkenburg. 
Although  not  a  charter  member  of  the  As- 
sociation, Miss  Simpson's  contributions  to 
nursing  especially  in  Saskatchewan  are  al- 
ready most  honourable  traditions.  Mem- 
bers of  the  S.  R.  N.  A.  were  also  very  happy 
to  pay  special  tribute  to  the  Reverend  Sister 
Vincent,  Superior  of  St.  Paul's  Hospital, 
Saskatoon,  and  to  Sister  Benignus  of  Pro- 
vidence Hospital,  Moose  Jaw,  as  both  of 
these  Sisters  were  among  the  first  members 
of  the  S.R.N.A.  In  reading  the  letter  re- 
ceived from  Miss  Jean  Browne,  it  was  re- 
called that  she  was  the  first  president  of 
the  S.R.X.A.  and  that  Miss  Jean  Wilson 
was  the  first  honourary  secretary.  Saskat- 
chewan is  proud  to  include  these  and  other 
outstanding  w'omen  in  the  nursing  profession 
among  their  pioneer  leaders. 

Enduring  thanks  to  Dr.  Murray,  Pres- 
ident Emeritus  of  the  University  of  Saskat- 
chewan, for  his  assistance  in  the  passing 
of  the  first  Nurses  Act  for  Saskatchewan 
and  for  his  support  of  all  nursing  progress 
over  a  period  of  years,  was  expressed  to  him 
personally  in  a  resolution  presented  by  Miss 
Simpson.  Happy  circumstances  made  it  pos- 
sible for  Dr.  Murray  to  attend  and  to  ad- 
dress the  meeting.  Great  appreciation  was 
also  expressed  at  the  continued  and  unfailing 


interest  in  nursing  progress  as  reflected  in 
the  support  given  by  the  authorities  in  the 
University  of  Saskatchewan  at  all  times. 
Special  mention  was  made  of  the  University 
School  of   Nursing  established  in  1938. 

In  addition  to  the  routine  reports,  which 
were  full  of  interest,  a  whole  session  was 
devoted  to  the  study  of  the  student  nurse 
and  her  future  as  a  graduate.  Special  em- 
phasis was  placed  on  the  individual  nurse's 
responsibility  at  this  time  for  meeting  the 
demands  placed  upon  the  profession.  The 
report  of  progress  made  in  schools  of 
nursing  throughout  the  province  was  en- 
couraging, although  it  is  apparent  that  much 
should  still  be  done  in  most  of  the  schools 
to  improve  living  conditions  and  hours  of 
duty  and  to  secure  an  increase  in  the  num- 
ber of  qualified  personnel.  The  importance 
of  maintaining  standards  and  requirements 
for  entry  to  approved  schools  at  as  high 
a  level  as  possible  was  discussed,  although 
it  was  agreed  that  for  the  duration  of  the 
war  the  minimum  entrance  age  requirement 
might  be  reduced  to  eighteen  years.  A 
recommendation  to  this  effect  was  unani- 
mously passed  by  the  Hospital  and  School 
of  Nursing  Section.  It  is  felt  that  many 
desirable  students  are  lost  to  the  profession, 
as  the  brighter  ones  graduate  from  high 
schools  at  an  early  age.  It  was  announced 
that  a  loan  fund  to  assist  in  furthering  the 
education  of  the  nurse  would  be  established 
immediately.  The  Association  also  went  on 
record  as  re-endorsing  the  organization  of 
the  Association  into  districts  and  chapters 
and  the  by-laws  were  revised  to  provide  for 
this. 

.\  special  and  very  interesting  session  was 
devoted  to  the  discussion  of  the  recommen- 


JULY,   1942 


492 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


dations  that  resulted  from  the  Joint  Con- 
ference held  in  Montreal  and  developments 
in  connection  with  these.  Topics  were  pre- 
sented by  various  speakers  as  follows :  In- 
troduction, Miss  K.  W.  Ellis,  Emergency 
Nursing  Adviser,  Canadian  Nurses  Associa- 
tion. The  Specially  Qualified  Graduate 
Nurse :  Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing, 
Miss  Peggy  Kahlo,  instructress,  Moose  Jaw 
General  Hospital ;  Public  Health,  Miss 
Gladys  McDonald,  supervisor  of  school 
nurses,  Regina ;  the  Student  Nurse,  Miss 
Christine  Winning,  instructress,  Regina  Gen- 
eral Hospital ;  the  General  Duty  Nurse,  Miss 
Ella  M.  Howard,  director  of  nursing.  Saska- 
toon City  Hospital.  The  place  of  refresher 
courses  in  the  present  day  program  was 
discussed  by  Miss  Lillian  Ganshorn,  instruc- 
tress, Victoria  Hospital,  Prince  Albert.  "The 
Business  of  Living — the  student  of  today  as 
the  graduate  of  tomorrow"  was  the  topic 
chosen  by  Mr.  M.  R.  Ballard,  B.A.,  B. 
Paed.,  principal.  Central  Collegiate  Institute, 
Moose  Jaw.  The  summary  was  ably  con- 
ducted by  Miss  R.  M.  Simpson,  director. 
Public  Health  Nursing  Services,  Saskat- 
chewan. 

The  address  given  by  the  president,  Miss 
M.  Diederichs,  was  an  inspiring  one.  She 
referred  to  the  special  event  which  was  being 
celebrated  and  paid  tribute  to  the  charter 
members  and  also  called  upon  all  nurses  to 
accept  individual  responsibility  in  the  present 
crisis.  Another  stimulating  project  of  the 
convention  was  the  history  of  nursing  ex- 
hibit shown  last  year,  and  again  this  year 
with  interesting  additions.  With  some  ex- 
ceptions, this  exhibit  was  prepared  by  the 
schools  of  nursing  and  professional  organ- 
izations in  the  Province.  An  outstanding 
exception  M-as  that  of  the  two  lovely  dolls 
dressed  and  donated  by  the  Reverend  Sisters 
of  the  Hotel-Dieu,  Montreal,  representing 
Jeanne  Mance  of  1642  and  her  follower  of 
1942.  This  delightful  handiwork  served  as 
a  very  fitting  reminder  of  the  contributions 
made  to  nursing  in  Canada  by  this  great 
leader.  Two  other  new  and  telling  contribu- 
tions to  the  exhibit  were  those  representing 
The  Canadian  Nurse,  by  Miss  Ella  Howard, 
and  a  study  prepared  by  Miss  Jean  White- 


ford,  convener  of  the  committee  on  health 
insurance  and  nursing  service  of  the  S.R. 
N.A.  We  are  sure  the  former  must  have 
stirred  the  many  "Mean  To's"  to  become 
actual  subscribers  and  contributors  to  The 
Canadian  Nurse.  As  a  means  of  interesting 
and  informing  high  school  and  other  students 
in  nursing,  the  exhibit  is  now  being  shown 
in  several  centres  of  Saskatchewan.  A 
number  of  students  in  Moose  Jaw  were  in- 
troduced to  it  and  to  nursing  as  a  profession 
of  wide  opportunities. 

At  a  dinner  held  on  Thursday  evening  the 
entertainment  was  provided  by  the  Royal 
Air  Force.  Squadron  Leader  Foster  gave 
an  inspiring  address  and  other  members  of 
the  Royal  Air  Force  contributed  in  a  lighter 
vein.  At  the  close  of  the  sessions,  a  de- 
lightful tea  was  given  by  the  Moose  Jaw 
Graduate  Nurses  Association.  The  president, 
Miss  Gladys  Selvig,  and  Miss  Patricia  Mac- 
Kenzie,  were  in  charge  of  arrangements. 

Nurses  left  Moose  Jaw  with  a  feeling  that 
Miss  Mary  Ingham,  as  convener  of  arrange- 
ments, and  her  committee  offered  a  challenge 
that  will  not  easily  be  met  in  other  centres — 
a  challenge  accepted  by  Miss  Eleanor  Fend- 
ley,  president  of  the  Saskatoon  Registered 
Nurses  Association,  when  she  extended  an 
invitation  for  the  twenty-sixth  annual  con- 
vention to  be  held  in  Saskatoon. 

The  officers  elected  for  the  coming  year 
were :  president.  Miss  Matilda  R.  Diede- 
richs, Regina ;  first  vice-president.  Miss 
Mary  E.  Ingham,  Moose  Jaw;  second  vice- 
president,  Miss  Elizabeth  A.  Pearston,  Mel- 
fort  ;  councillors :  Miss  M.  Ethel  Grant,  Sas- 
katoon ;  Reverend  Sister  Hildegarde,  Hum- 
boldt ;  chairmen  of  sections :  public  health. 
Miss  Gladys  McDonald,  Regina ;  hospital 
and  school  of  nursing.  Reverend  Sister  Man- 
din,  Saskatoon ;  general  nursing.  Miss  M. 
R.  Chisholm,  Saskatoon. 

It  was  a  grand  convention.  Youth  was 
there  in  full  force  and  interpreted  the 
modern  trends  with  courage  and  conviction, 
while  paying  respect  and  tribute  to  the 
foundation  upon  which  these  are  built,  and 
to  the  builders  of  it. 

R.  S.  Christilaw 
Acting  Registrar,  S.R.N. A. 


Vol.  38,  No.  7 


STUDENT   NURSES   PAGE 


A  Good  Place  to  Learn 

Doris  Fowler 

Student  Nurse 

School    of    \ursingy    Toronto    Western    Hosfttal 


The  out-patient  department  is  one  of 
the  most  interesting  departments  of  any 
hospital.  Here,  patients  who  are  not  ill 
enough  to  be  in  hospital  are  treated  and 
advised.  Those  who  have  been  in  hos- 
pital return  for  observation  and  treat- 
ment and  a  record  is  kept  of  their  pro- 
gress. Some  of  these  people  have  been 
attending  one  or  more  clinics  for  many 
years  and  have  learned  to  confide  in  the 
doctors  and  nurses.  The  department  thus 
provides  a  contact  between  hospital  and 
home  and  we  learn  more  about  the 
personal  side  of  their  lives.  This  is  an 
importajit  factor  in  treating  some  cases; 
patients  may  not  realize  the  seriousness 
of  their  ailment  until  they  come  for 
advice.  Even  patients  who  are  already 
in  the  wards  are  sometimes  referred  to 
various  clinics  for  examination  and  treat- 
ment. 

The  emergency  department  is  open 
to  everyone  at  any  hour  of  the  day  or 
night.  Many  workmen's  compensation 
cases  are  admitted  and  special  infor- 
mation regarding  the  employer  and 
place  of  work  is  obtained.  The  patient 
is  quickly  prepared  for  the  doctor; 
clothing  is  removed;  wounds  are  cleans- 
ed and  the  patient  is  kept  warm  and 
as  comfortable  as  possible.  Sterile  surgical 
trays  are   ready  at  all  times.   Each  pa- 


tient with  an  open  wound  is  given  an 
appropriate  dose  of  anti-tetanus  serum 
after  a  sensitivity  test  has  been  given 
five  minutes  before.  Fracture  cases  are 
taken  immediately  to  the  fracture  room 
for  fluoroscopic  examination.  If  casts 
are  applied  a  general  anaesthetic  may 
be  given.  Sprains  are  treated  with  sup- 
port and  bandages.  Numerous  minor 
operations  are  performed  which  are  not 
real  emergencies.  These  include  incision 
of  infected  fingers,  removal  of  cysts  and 
excision  of  abscesses. 

Pre-natal  clinics  are  held  in  the  ob- 
stetrical division  and  on  their  first  visit 
all  patients  are  given  a  complete  physical 
examination.  On  all  subsequent  visits 
the  foetal  heart  and  peh^ic  measurements 
are  checked;  haemoglobin,  blood  pres- 
sure and  a  urinalysis  are  taken.  A  health 
service  nurse  talks  to  the  mother  and  ad- 
vises her  regarding  her  diet,  clothing  and 
all  preparations  for  the  babv.  At  the 
post-natal  clinic,  the  mothers  are  ex- 
amined to  make  sure  that  all  the  organs 
have  returned  to  their  normal  size  and 
position . 

In  the  anaemia  clinic,  patients  suf- 
fering from  pernicious  anaemia  are  given 
injections  of  liver  extract  intramuscu- 
larly and,  with  weekly  treatments,  these 
people    can    carry   on    their   daily   tasks. 


JULY,  1942 


493 


494 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


At  each  visit  a  white  and  a  red  blood 
count  is  taken.  In  the  eye  clinic,  patients 
to  be  examined  for  the  first  time  have 
homatropine  and  cocaine  drops  instilled 
into  the  eye  to  dilate  the  pupil.  If  glasses 
are  found  necessary  the  patient  is  given 
a  prescription  and  if  he  is  unable  to  pay 
for  them  he  is  referred  to  the  Health 
Service  Department  for  assistance.  A 
recent  addition  to  the  equipment  in 
this  clinic  is  the  large  electric  magnet 
used  for  removing  bits  of  steel  from  the 
eye.  The  arthritic  clinic  is  a  very  large 
one  and  is  held  three  times  weekly.  The 
patients  usually  receive  injections  of  va- 
rious vaccines  and  some  the  new  gold 
treatment,  a  solution  made  from  the  so- 
dium salts  of  gold  which  is  proving  useful 
in  many  cases.  Some  are  referred  to 
the  physiotherapy  department  for  treat- 
ment. 

In  the  heart  clinic  the  blood  pressure 
is  taken  and  the  chest  examined.  An 
electro-cardiagram  is  frequently  made. 
Digitalis  is  the  commonest  medication 
ordered  and  each  patient  is  given  advice 
as  to  diet,  rest  and  exercise.  They  are 
hospitalized  if  they  cannot  carry  out  the 
doctor's  orders  or  afford  the  proper 
food. 

The  chest  clinic  is  one  of  the  largest 
clinics  and  work  is  done  which  is  of 
infinite  value  to  the  community.  Health 
service  representa'"ives  take  an  active 
part  as  it  is  necessary  for  the  public 
health  district  nurse  to  visit  most  of 
the  homes.  An  effort  is  made  to  ascertain 
environment  and  possible  contacts  to 
trace    the    disease.    Serologies   and    chest 


x-rays  are  routine  and  sputum  is  sent 
for  culture  periodically.  A  considerable 
number  of  the  patients  are  given  pneu- 
mothorax treatments.  Some  must  be  re- 
ferred to  sanatoria  and  in  many  instances, 
the  health  service  must  make  reservations 
and  look  after  financial  arrangements 
as  well  as  making  provision  for  the  pa- 
tient's  family. 

A  special  clinic  is  held  for  the  treat- 
ment of  venereal  diseases  and  an  attempt 
is  made  to  find  out  the  historv  and  source 
of  infection.  The  law  requires  that  all 
f>ersons  with  venereal  disease  must  un- 
dergo  treatment  imtil  cured. 

The  following  summary  shows  what 
I  learned  from  my  term  in  the  out-pa- 
tient department: 

The  care  of  instruments  and  equipment 
and  the  practice  of  rigid  economy. 

The  care  of  surgical  wounds  and  the 
necessity  of  strict  asepsis. 

The  removal  and  application  of  casts. 

Treatments   of   the   ear,   nose   and  throat. 

Treatments  used  in  minor  gynaecological 
disorders. 

The  treatment  of  varicose  veins  and  ulcers. 

The  procedure  and  results  of  ligating  the 
saphenous  vein. 

The  use  of  liver  extract  for  pernicious 
anemia. 

The  use  of  various  vaccines  in  the  treat- 
ments of  arthritis  and  the  new  gold  treat- 
ment   for  this  disease. 

The  meaning  and  action  of  pneumothorax. 

The  government  regulations  regarding  the 
control  of  venereal  diseases  and  the  use  of 
the  specific  drugs  in  treating  them. 

The  use  of  anti-tetanus  serum  for  all 
patients   with  open  lacerations. 

The  routine  for  admitting  a  patient. 


M.L.I. C  Nursing  Service 

Miss  Given  Spriggs  (Homoeopathic  Hos- 
pital. Montreal,  1933,  and  public  health 
nursing  course,  McGill  School  for  Graduate 
Nurses,  1937)  recently  resigned  as  Metro- 
politan Xurse  in  Fort  William.  Ontario,  to 
be  married. 


Miss  Clarissa  Chivcrs-U'ilson  (Port  Ar- 
thur General  Hospital,  1920)  has  resigned 
from  the  Company's  service  to  be  married. 
Miss  Chivers- Wilson  has  been  Metropolitan 
Nurse  in  Niagara  Falls  since  the  first  of 
the  year. 

Vol.   38.  No.  7 


Service  on  the  Home  Front 


Editor^ s  Note:  The  Council  of  the 
Registered  Nurses  Association  of  British 
Columbia  has  recently  issued  this 
eloquent  appeal  to  its  members: 

It  is  now  two  years  since  the  members  of 
the  Canadian  Nurses  Association  (which 
means  you  and  I.  or  at  least  persons  rep- 
resenting you  and  I)  sent  a  special  message 
to  the  Prime  Minister  of  Canada,  reaffirm- 
ing our  loyalty  and  offering  our  services 
in  furthering  the  war  effort  of  our  country. 
Those  were  the  days  of  the  capitulation  of 
France  .  .  .  dark  days  for  us  and  for  our 
cause  I  There  have  been  many  such  days 
since,  and  many  more  lie  ahead  of  us  before 
we  shall  achieve  that  ultimate  victory  and 
peace  in  which  we  all  believe. 

Many  have  volunteered  and  are  serving 
with  the  armed  forces  both  at  home  and 
abroad.  Xurses  have  gone  from  Canada 
to  South  Africa  and  to  Scotland.  Some  of 
our  nurses  were  in  Hong  Kong  w^hen  it  fell 
to  the  Japanese.  We  were  most  sincere  in 
that  pledge  of  loyalty  and  service  which  we 
sent  to  the  Dominion  Government  in  the 
summer  of  1940.  We  are  equally  sincere 
and  anxious  to  serve  to-day.  Is  there  not  a 
tendency,  however,  when  expressing  such  a 
desire,  to  hold  in  our  minds  only  the  idea 
of  service  with  the  armed  forces,  forgetting 
that,  though  only  a  comparative  few  may 
have  that  privilege,  there  is  great  need  and 
opportunity  for  service  on  the  home  front? 

In  June  1940,  we  were  scarcely  conscious 
of  a  shortage  of  nurses  in  civilian  life.  Now, 
such  shortage  is  quite  acute  in  certain  parts 
of  the  country  and  is  being  felt  to  a  more 
or  less  degree  all  across  Canada.  Never 
before  were  civilian  health  services  more 
important  than  at  the  present  time  or  more 
closely  related  to  our  war  effort !  Illness 
of  workers  means  loss  of  working  days, 
slows  production,  and  results  in  a  lessening 
of  the  output  of  the  essential  weapons  of 
war.  The  results  of  a  recent  Gallup  poll 
showed  there  had  been  600.000  men  ill.  re- 
sulting in  a  total  loss  of  3,500,000  working 
days !     Translated  into  terms  of  production 


this  meant  the  loss  of  370  bombers  or  70 
corvettes  or  Z77  cruiser  tanks.  All  this  loss 
because  of  personal  illness !  Can  anyone 
feel  that  civilian  nursing  plays  no  part  in 
our  country's  war  effort? 

Times  are  better  for  the  nurse.  Because 
there  is  a  shortage  of  nurses,  she  can  choose 
her  position.  She  can  demand  better  salary 
and  working  conditions.  She  can  change  her 
position  practically  at  will  without  fear  of 
being  unable  to  find  work  again.  The  fact 
that  nurses  are  doing  just  this  is  only  too 
evident  by  the  very  high  turnover  of  staff 
in  most  of  the  hospitals  to-day.  Civilian 
services  must  go  on  and  hospitals  must  face 
their  difficult  problem  of  providing  nursing 
care  for  sick  patients.  Many  of  our  hos- 
pitals are  having  a  difficult  time  and  work- 
ing very  short  of  staff. 

The  Registered  Nurses  Association  of 
British  Columbia  realizes  only  too  well  that 
salaries  and  working  conditions  are  not  al- 
ways what  we  would  like  them  to  be  and 
we  are  working  toward  their  improvement. 
At  present  a  survey  is  being  made  of  salaries 
paid  to  nurses  working  in  hospitals  through- 
out the  province.  From  information  thus 
obtained  it  is  hoped  to  draw  up  a  definite 
salary  schedule  to  recommend  to  all  hos- 
pitals. At  the  same  time,  recommendations 
in  regard  to  other  conditions  will  also  be 
made.  In  the  meantime  (if  you  are  working 
in  hospital)  won't  you  do  your  part  by 
thinking  it  over  very  carefully  before  de- 
ciding to  seek  a  new  position?  Ask  your- 
self if  the  change  which  you  contemplate 
will  mean  that  you  will  be  making  a  greater 
contribution  to  your  country's  service  at  the 
present  time.  Carrying  on  to  the  best  of 
your  ability  the  job  which  you  are  already 
doing  is  often  the  most  helpful,  though  at 
times  a  difficult  thing  to  do. 

As  a  profession,  our  present  task  is  two- 
fold :  to  meet  emergency  needs  and  to  safe- 
guard standards.  What  standards?  The 
standard  of  safe  expert  nursing  service  and 
the  standards  of  nursing  education  which 
include :  standards  of  admission  to  schools 
of    nursing;     standards     of     instruction     in 


JULY,  1942 


495 


496 


•THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


schools  of  nursing ;  registration  standards ; 
standards  of  requirement  for  higher  level 
positions.  Safe  expert  nursing  service  can- 
not be  maintained  if  our  other  standards  are 
allowed  to  suffer.  If  every  nurse  accepts 
her  full  responsibility  we  cannot  fail. 

Those  who  remember  the  depression  may 
also  remember  that  at  that  time  hospitals 
did  a  great  deal  to  help  nurses.  Classes 
were  reduced  in  order  to  provide  work  for 
graduate  nurses.  Work  was  distributed  as 
widely  as  possible  by  changing  certain  of 
the  graduate  staff  frequently,  often  every 
two  or  three  months.  Such  changes  were 
not  conducive  to  a  stable  nursing  service  but 
were  carried  out  as  a  means  of  providing 
at  least  some  work  for  as  many  nurses  as 
possible.  We  remind  you  of  these  things 
because  many  nurses  to-day  are  too  young 
to  remember  or  to  realize  that  such  things 
did  happen.  Thus,  when  times  were  bad 
for  the  nurse,  many  hospitals  did  their  best 
to  help  out.  Now  the  situation  is  reversed 
(partly  because  of  the  reduction  in  the  num- 
ber  of    students)    and   hospitals   are   asking 


the  help  of  nurses  in  their  efforts  to  achieve 
a  stable  and  an  adequate  nursing  service  for 
their  patients.  You  can  help  if  you  will. 
If  you  are  already  employed  on  the  staff 
of  a  hospital,  don't  change  your  position 
unless  by  doing  so  you  will  be  making  a 
better  contribution  to  the  service  of  our 
country  during  this  present  time.  If  in  the 
private  duty  field,  and  able  to  do  so,  you 
can  help  by  offering  to  relieve  on  the  gen- 
eral nursing  staff  of  the  hospital  particularly 
during  the  holiday  season.  Most  hospitals 
are  short  staffed  these  days  and  their 
nurses  are  working  under  terrific  pressure. 
They  must  have  a  vacation  to  enable  them 
to  carry  on.  If  you  are  not  now  in  active 
nursing,  but  are  able  to  do  so,  why  not 
return  for  the  duration  of  the  war?  That 
would  be  making  a  real  contribution,  and 
would  help  to  lessen  the  number  of  'practical 
nurses'  to  be  found  in  the  community  after 
the  war  is  over.  The  sick  in  hospital  must 
be  cared  for  and  if  hospitals  are  not  able 
to  obtain  fully  qualified  nurses  they  will 
surely  turn  elsewhere  for  help. 


The  McCill  School  for  Graduate  Nurses 


Convocation    on    Alay    27,    brought    to    a 
close  a  busy  year  in  the   School   for   Gra- 


duate Nurses.  Of  the  thirty-three  nurses 
graduating,  two  received  certificates  in  ad- 
ministration in  hospitals  and  schools  of  nurs- 
ing ;  nineteen  in  public  health  nursing ;  and 
twelve  in  teaching  and  supervision  in  schools 
of  nursing.  They  had  come  from  various 
parts  of  Canada,  and  most  of  them  returned 
to  their  respective  provinces,  to  fill  posi- 
tions which  were  awaiting  them.  The  staff 
and  students  spent  a  happy  year  in  the  very 
satisfactory  quarters  which  have  been  pro- 
vided at  3466  University  Street,  adjoining 
the  campus.  The  pleasing  interior  offers 
ample  accommodation  for  the  library,  class- 
room,  students'   lounge   and   offices. 

Graduates  of  the  School  are  playing  their 
part  in  Canada's  war  effort,  and  at  least 
thirty-five  alumnae  are  serving  with  the 
armed  forces.  Many  interesting  letters  have 
been    received     from    England    and    South 

Vol.  38,  No.  7 


McGILL     SCHOOL     FOR     GRADUATE     NURSES   497 


Africa.  Because  of  the  need  for  prepared- 
ness, the  School  was  a  centre  for  war 
service  activities  throughout  the  year.  All 
students  of  the  School  obtained  the  first 
aid  certificate  of  St.  John  Ambulance  Asso- 
ciation, and  received  training  in  fire  fighting 
and  gas  drill.  In  addition,  first  aid  classes 
were  conducted  by  the  staff  for  other  groups 
in  the  University.  Extension  courses  were 
offered  to  meet  the  special  needs  of  local 
nurses  serving  in  hospitals  and  the  public 
health  nursing  field. 

In  looking  forward,  it  is  difficult  to  esti- 
mate the  number  of  specially  qualified  nur- 
ses which  may  be  needed,  or  the  new  de- 
mands which  may  be  made  in  the  next  few 
years.  An  alarming  shortage  of  fully  pre- 
pared nurses  is  being  realized,  and  the  situ- 
ation will  become  more  acute  as  the  war 
progresses.  Consequently  this  growing  need 
places  greater  responsibility  upon  our  uni- 
versity schools  for  the  preparation  of  larger 
numbers  of  promising  nurses  as  administra- 
tors, teachers  and  supervisors  in  all  fields 
of  nursing.  Graduate  nurses  should  think 
seriously,  therefore,  of  equipping  themselves 
to  meet  more  adequately  the  challenge  of 
the  times,  and  to  be  ready  to  play  their  full 
part  during  the  period  of  reconstruction. 

Wide  publicity  has  been  given  to  the  loan 
fund  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association, 
which  has  already  enabled  many  nurses  to 
undertake  postgraduate  study.  The  McGill 
School  is  fortunate  in  the  number  of  scholar- 
ships and  bursaries  which  are  available  to 
candidates  for  entrance.  These  scholarships 
are  offered  by  the  Montreal  General  Hospi- 
tal, the  Royal  Victoria  Hospital,  the  Shrin- 
ers'  Hospital,  the  Children's  Memorial  Hos- 


pital and  the  Alexandra  Hospital.  In  addi- 
tion, substantial  assistance  is  given  by  the 
Alumnae  Associations  of  the  Schools  of 
Nursing  of  the  Royal  Victoria,  Montreal 
General,  and  the  Homoeopathic  Hospitals. 
The  Association  of  Registered  Nurses  of  the 
Province  of  Quebec  annually  offers  a 
scholarship,  and  the  Victorian  Order  of 
Nurses  for  Canada  maintains  its  policy  of 
assisting  members  of  its  staff  to  undertake 
further  postgraduate  work.  Graduates  of 
the  School  will  be  glad  to  know  that  Miss 
Frances  Upton  still  gives  leadership  to  the 
finance  committee,  and  that  Mrs.  L.  Fisher 
(Frances  Reed)  has  recently  been  appointed 
chairman  of  the  Flora  Madeline  Shaw  En- 
dowment Fund  Committee.  Mrs.  Fisher  is  a 
past  president  of  the  Alumnae  Association, 
and  she  has  maintained  a  very  deep  interest 
in  the  School. 

Because  of  the  demands  made  upon  mem- 
bers of  the  Alumnae  Association  during  the 
past  ten  years  to  meet  current  expenses  of 
the  School,  the  Endowment  Fund  has  of 
necessity  grown  very  slowly.  The  special 
objective  for  this  year,  it  has  been  decided, 
shall  be  to  add  to  this  Fund.  The  Committee 
has  been  studying  ways  and  means  to 
achieve  this  end,  with  due  regard  to  the  many 
demands  being  made  from  other  quarters 
nowadays.  During  the  summer,  all  graduates 
will  receive  details  of  this  plan,  and  past 
experience  leads  the  Committee  to  feel  con- 
fident that  there  will  be  wholehearted  co- 
operation in  this  endeavour.  Members  of  the 
Alumnae  Association  of  the  School  are  re- 
minded that  the  regular  payment  of  the  mem- 
bership fee  adds  one  dollar  yearly  to  the 
Endowment  Fund. 


O.N.S.A.  News  Letter 


The  members  of  the  Overseas  Nursing 
Sisters  .Association  across  Canada  acknowl- 
edge with  sincere  pride  the  honour  which  has 
been  conferred  upon  a  greatly  beloved  mem- 
ber, Miss  Elizabeth  Smellie.  The  first  wo- 
man to  receive  the  highest  honour  in  the 
University's  gift,  the  honourary  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Laws  was  recently  bestowed  upon 


her  by  the  University  of  Western  Ontario, 
London.  To  mark  this  happy  occasion,  Miss 
Smellie  was  guest  of  honour  at  a  dinner 
given  by  the  London  Unit,  O.N.S.A. 

The  Halifax  Unit  reports  that  many  of 
their  members  are  again  doing  duty  in  the 
new  conflict.  The  Toronto  Unit  reports  a 
most   successful   "Indoor   Street   Fair"   held 


JULY,  1942 


498 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


recently  at  the  Queen  Elizabeth  Hospital  by 
the  kind  permission  of  the  Board  of  Gov- 
ernors and  !Miss  Pearl  ^Morrison,  the  super- 
intendent of  the  hospital  and  president  of 
the  Unit.  Arrangements  were  carried  out 
under  the  convenership  of  Mrs.  Gilbert 
Royce.  The  fair  was  opened  by  Matron 
Emma  Pense  lately  returned  from  overseas 
service  and,  among  other  features,  included 
a  most  successful  raffle  organized  by  Mrs. 
Jack  Bell.  The  event  was  largely  attended 
and  realized  a  profit  for  war  purposes  of 
$1,702.40.  Bravo,  Toronto! 

A  happy  occasion  occurred  recently  in  the 


family  of  Miss  Helen  Lunn,  a  member  of  the 
nursing  staff  of  the  Ontario  Provincial  De- 
partment of  Health.  The  celebration  of  the 
"diamond  wedding"  of  her  parents,  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  William  Andrew  Lunn,  was  marked 
by  a  message  conveying  the  good  wishes  of 
Their  Majesties  King  George  and  Queen 
Elizabeth,  and  congratulations  were  also  re- 
ceived from  the  Prime  Minister,  Mr.  W.  L. 
Mackenzie  King  and  from  the  Premier  of 
Ontario.  Miss  Lunn  served  with  distinction 
as  Sister  during  the  first  Great  War  and  her 
brother  made  the  supreme  sacrifice  at  ^'imy 
Ridge. 


The  A.R.N.P.Q.  Annual  Meeting 


The  twenty-second  annual  meeting  of  the 
Association  of  Registered  Nurses  of  the 
Province  of  Quebec  was  held  on  May  15 
covering  one  day  only,  in  order  that  a  larger 
number  of  our  members  would  be  assured 
attendance  at  the  biennial  meeting  of  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association.  Mental  and 
physical  preparedness  to  meet  the  immediate 
problems  confronting  us  and  to  withstand  the 
trials  which  may  lie  ahead  was  the  keynote 
of  all  addresses  and  reports  given  during 
the  sessions.  The  French  Hospital  and  School 
of  Nursing  Section  held  a  most  successful 
session  under  the  chairmanship  of  Rev. 
Soeur  Mance  Decary.  Miss  Suzanne  Giroux 
presented  some  problems  in  professional 
nursing  and  their  possible  means  of  solu- 
tion while  Rev.  Pere  Emile  Bouvier,  Profes- 
sor, School  of  Social  Service,  University  of 
^lontreal,  gave  an  excellent  and  timely  ad- 
dress on  health  insurance.  A  general  busi- 
ness session  under  the  chairmanship  of  the 
President,  Miss  E.  C.  Flanagan,  occupied 
the  afternoon  and  was  one  of  the  best  at- 
tended and  most  interesting  in  the  history  of 
the  Association.  Greetings  from  Miss  Grace 
M.  Fairley,  President,  Canadian  Nurses  As- 
sociation, particularly  relating  to  the  three- 
hundredth  anniversary  of  the  arrival  of 
Jeanne  Mance  and  the  foundation  of  our 
City,  were  presented  in  both  languages  and 
enthusiastically  received. 
All  reports  were  read  this  year,  the  cus- 


tom established  in  1941  of  mimeographing 
them  for  distribution  being  cancelled  as  a 
measure  of  economy.  From  evidence  pre- 
sented in  the  reports  one  would  gather  that 
we  are  trying  to  understand  each  other,  our 
mutual  problems,  our  particular  and  special 
difficulties,  and  our  full  responsibility  in  re- 
gard to  them.  The  main  difficulty  at  the 
moment  is  that  which  we  have  in  common 
with  other  similar  groups,  namely :  the  pre- 
servation of  a  good  standard  of  nursing  pre- 
paration and  service  in  the  face  of  present 
day  world  conflict  and  upheaval.  The  hon- 
ourary  treasurer,  Miss  F.  Munroe,  reported 
an  income  of  over  $15,000  and  a  substantial 
bank  balance  at  the  close  of  the  year.  Two 
scholarships  of  $350  each  were  awarded 
and  an  additional  $1,000  was  subscribed  to 
Canada's  second  Victory  Loan,  bringing  our 
total  invested  capital  to  $7,500.  All  five  sec- 
tions of  our  Association  recorded  an  active 
year  with  refresher  courses  sponsored  by 
them  being  well  attended.  The  Registrar's 
report  showed  a  membership  in  good  stand- 
ing of  5,442  including  707  on  the  non-active 
list.  Of  our  active  membership  1261  are  en- 
gaged in  private  duty ;  1891  in  institutional 
nursing ;  681  in  public  health ;  236  with  the 
Armed  Forces,  200  of  whom  are  serving 
overseas,  including  25  in  South  Africa ;  the 
remainder  are  employed  in  doctors'  offices, 
Trans-Canada  Air  Lines,  as  laboratory 
technicians,    registrars    and    medical    artists. 


Vol.  38,  No.  7 


PUBLIC     HEALTH     INSTITUTE 


499 


The  number  of  members  in  arrears  is  1045. 
Enrolment  for  National  Emergency  Service 
is  1586.  The  total  enrolment,  including  non- 
registered  nurses,  is  2500. 

In  the  evening,  the  sessions  were  con- 
ducted concurrently  in  both  languages,  the 
speakers  being  Brigadier  G.  P.  Vanier, 
D.S.Q.,  M.C.,  Officer  Commanding  M.D. 
5.  who  addressed  both  groups  most  elo- 
quently on  "The  Times  in  which  we  Live". 
Brigadier  Vanier's  encouraging  message  will 
not  soon  be  forgotten.  Dr.  Baruch  Silver- 
man's address  to  the  English-speaking  group 
on  mental  health  in  wartime  was  most  ap- 
propriate and  helpful  and  was  much  appre- 
ciated, as  was  that  given  to  the  French- 
speaking  group  by  Rev.  Pere  Maillou.x,  Pro- 
fessor of  Psychology,  Ecole  Xormale  Se- 
condaire,  whose  subject  was  "The  Nurse  on 
the  Invisible  Front."  Miss  Flanagan  and 
Mile  Juliette  Trudel  presided  during  these 
sessions.  The  morning  session  was  held  at  the 
School  for  Nurses.  Hopital  Notre  Dame, 
and  the  others  at  the  Windsor  Hotel, 


As  a  result  of  the  elections  three  members 
were  re-elected  to  the  Board  of  Manage- 
ment, while  two  new  members.  Miss  Maria 
Beaumier  of  Quebec  City,  and  Miss  A. 
Martineau,  convener  of  the  public  health 
section,  were  elected  to  office.  Subsequently, 
during  a  meeting  of  the  Board,  all  officers 
were  returned  for  the  coming  year.  And  so 
the  twenty-second  annual  meeting  of  the 
.Association  of  Registered  Nurses  of  the 
Province  of  Quebec  demonstrated  a  unity  of 
purpose  within  our  group  with  a  vote  of 
confidence  in  our  officers  expressed  in  no 
uncertain  terms.  These  officers  are :  presi- 
dent. Miss  Eileen  C.  Flanagan ;  English  vice- 
president.  Miss  Mabel  K.  Holt ;  French  vice- 
president.  Rev.  Soeur  Valerie  de  la  Sagesse ; 
honourary  treasurer,  Miss  Fanny  Munroe ; 
recording  secretary,  Miss  Alice  Albert.  The 
members  without  office  are :  Misses  M.  E. 
Nash,  Maria  Beaumier,  Mary  Ritchie,  An- 
nonciade  Martineau  and  Maria  Roy. 

E.  Frances  Upton 
Executive  Secretary  mid  Registrar 


Institute  for  Public  Health  Workers 


The  annual  Institute  for  Public  Health 
Workers,  sponsored  by  the  Provincial  Board 
of  Health  of  British  Columbia,  was  held 
recently  in  Victoria.  The  purpose  of  this 
gathering  is  to  make  available,  for  those 
public  health  workers  in  areas  outside  of 
large  cities,  information  on  newer  develop- 
ments in  public  health  as  well  as  discussions 
of  existing  problems.  Invitations  were  sent 
to  public  health  nurses  in  other  services  in 
the  province  and  about  eighty  were  in  at- 
tendance for  the  sessions  on  the  three  days. 
The  main  topics  dealt  with  nutrition,  and 
prenatal,  infant  and  preschool  health.  The 
group  was  particularly  fortunate  in  being 
able  to  hear  Dr.  Jennie  I.  Rowntree,  pro- 
fessor in  the  School  of  Home  Economics  of 
the  University  of  Washington,  on  the  subject 
of  nutrition.  Dr.  Rowntree  dealt  with  the 
subject  from  a  very  practical  point  of  view, 
emphasizing  the  need  for  sound  knowledge 
embracing    simple    and    economical    prepara- 


tions of  food  contributing  to  adequate  nutri- 
tion. In  the  last  of  her  three  talks,  Dr. 
Rowntree  discussed  briefly  the  food  essen- 
tials of  the  prenatal  period  and  of  children 
through  infancy  to  school  age,  and  included 
the  question  of  school  lunches.  The  group 
was  cautioned  to  avoid  concentration  on 
dietary  problems  to  the  exclusion  of  "living" 
for,  as  Dr.  Rowntree  said,  "when  you  worry 
about  your  habits  what  good  are  you  to 
humanity?"  Her  advice  was:  "Learn  your 
nutrition,  learn  to  substitute,  then,  knowing 
that   your    food  is  adequate,    forget   it." 

Miss  Grace  M.  Coffman,  supervisor  of 
nurses,  Tacoma  Public  Health  Nursing  As- 
sociation, Tacoma,  Washington,  afforded 
considerable  pertinent  information  in  her  re- 
view of  maternal,  infant  and  preschool 
health.  Miss  Coffman,  who  is  doing  a  very 
interesting  piece  of  work  in  the  co-or- 
dination of  the  public  health  nursing  services 
under   an  organization   of   combined   private 


JULY,  1942 


500 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


and  official  agencies,  discussed  the  various 
phases  in  maternal,  infant  and  preschool 
health  program  in  a  generalized  public  health 
nursing  service.  Dr.  Mary  Luff,  mental 
hygienist,  of  the  Greater  Vancouver  Metro- 
politan Health  Committee,  who  had  con- 
siderable experience  in  England  following 
the  outbreak  of  war,  addressed  the  group 
on  mental  hygiene  in  wartime.  She  presented 
a  great  deal  of  interesting  and  practical  in- 
formation particularly  with  regard  to  the 
care  of  children  as  well  as  of  adults  during 
and  after  air  raids.  Members  of  the  staffs 
of  the  various  Divisions  in  the  Provincial 
Board  of  Health  presented  material  on  tuber- 
culosis and  on  syphilis  in  the  periods  of 
pregnancy,  infancy  and  preschool.  Included 
also  was   information  on   sanitation  and  on 


the  use  of  vital  statistics  in  the  public  health 
program. 

Adequate  time  was  allow«d  for  ques- 
tions and  part  of  one  session  was  de- 
voted to  discussion  by  smaller  groups  of 
public  health  nurses,  of  topics  related  to 
those  on  the  program.  At  a  later  session,  re- 
ports from  these  groups  were  presented  by 
the  discussion  group  leaders.  A  luncheon, 
held  on  the  second  day,  followed  by  a  show- 
ing of  films  was  described  by  one  of  the 
public  health  nurses  as  a  demonstration  of 
practical  nutrition.  All  in  all,  the  Institute 
was  a  great  success  and  the  many  comments 
gave  assurance  of  the  value  of  a  program 
of  this  type. 

— Heather  Kilpatrick 


NEWS    NOTE  S 


ALBERTA 

Edmonton: 

The  annual  banquet  of  the  School  of 
Nursing  of  the  University  of  Alberta  Hos- 
pital Alumnae  Association  was  held  recently 
with  members  of  the  graduating  class  present. 
A  report  was  presented  regarding  the  re- 
fresher course  being  conducted  in  conjunction 
with  the  Royal  Alexandra  Hospital,  with 
practical  experience  available  at  U.A.H. 
Members  of  the  new  executive  were  in- 
troduced. The  following  members  have  been 
elected  to  serve  during  the  coming  year : 
Honourary  president,  Miss  Helen  S.  Peters ; 
president.  Miss  G.  Vickers ;  vice-president. 
Miss  A.  Whybrow ;  recording  secretary, 
Miss  D.  Russell ;  Corresponding  secretary, 
Mrs.  N.  Alexander ;  treasurer,  Miss  M.  Bax- 
ter ;  social  convener,  Mrs.  F.  Beddome ; 
press  representative,  Mrs.  N.  Pound :  execu- 
tive committee :  Miss  M.  Strachan,  Aliss  A. 
Revell,  Miss  B.  Sloane. 

A  worthy  successor  to  the  Florence  Night- 
ingale Memorial  service  held  last  year  in 
Convocation  Hall  at  the  University  of  Al- 
berta was  the  re-dedication  service  held  by 
the  nurses  of  the  district  in  Robertson  United 
Church,  Edmonton,  on  May  10.  The  nurses 
made  an  impressive  picture  as  they  filed 
across  the  churchyard  and  marched  in  to 
occupy  the  body  of  the  church.  The  choir 
loft  was  filled  by  ten  students  from  each  of 
the  four  training  schools  in  the  city.  Rev. 
W.  G.  Wilson,  D.  D.  gave  an  inspiring  ad- 
dress.  All   nurses   are   eagerly  looking    for- 


ward to  a  repetition  of  the  service  next  year. 
The  May  meeting  of  Edmonton  District 
No.  7,  A. A. R.N.  was  under  the  direction  of 
the  public  health  nurses.  Dr.  Little,  medical 
officer  of  health,  conducted  a  practical  and 
instructive  discussion  of  the  city's  prepara- 
tions  for  air  raid  precautions. 

Calgary: 

The  annual  banquet,  given  by  the  Calgary 
General  Hospital  Alumnae  Association  in 
honour  of  the  graduating  class,  took  place 
recently.  More  than  260  guests  were  present 
— several  in  the  uniform  of  the  Services.  The 
"Big  Sister,  Little  Sister  Candle  Lighting 
Ceremony"  which  initiates  new  graduates  in- 
to the  .-Mumnae  Association  was  very  impres- 
sive. Miss  Nora  Baker,  dressed  as  Florence 
Nightingale,  entered  carrying  a  lamp  with 
which  she  lit  the  candles  of  the  older 
graduates  who,  in  turn,  gave  the  light  to  the 
1942  graduates.  In  her  presidential  address, 
Mrs.  A.  E.  S.  Warrington  spoke  of  the 
C.G.H.  graduates  w^ho  are  in  the  services. 
Nine  are  in  the  Army,  two  in  the  R.C.A.F., 
three  in  England,  and  eight  in  South  Africa. 
Miss  Doris  MacLeod,  president  of  the 
graduating  class,  thanked  the  members  of 
the  Alumnae  Association  for  their  assistance 
to  nurses  in  training,  and  Mrs.  J.  N.,  Gunn 
brought  the  best  wishes  of  the  Board  of 
Directors.  Mrs.  Charles  Choate  proposed 
the  toast  to  absent  members  and  Miss  Bar- 
bara Beattie  to  the  out-of-town  members. 
Mrs.  J.  A.  Morrison  proposed  the  toast  to 


Vol.  38,  No.  7 


NEWS   NOTES 


501 


the  training  school  staff  to  which  Miss  Anna 
Hebert,  superintendent,  responded.  A  letter 
from  Miss  Sara  S.  Macdonald,  former  super- 
intendent of  nurses,  now  residing  in  Van- 
couver, was  read.  Mrs.  Richard  Cunniffe 
was  convener  of  the  banquet  committee.  Two 
plays,  under  the  direction  of  Mrs.  Edmund 
Thomas,  brought  a  very  successful  evening  to 
a   close. 

The  following  marriages  of  Calgary  Gen- 
eral Hospital  graduates  have  recently  taken 
place:  Louise  Bucklee  (1940)  to  Joseph 
Turner;  Doreen  Bradlev  (1941)  to  Sub- 
Lieut.  Thomas  Hall;  Vida  Tuff  (1941)  to 
David  MacDonald;  Elspeth  Rae  (1940)  to 
E.  B.  Hall. 


BRITISH  COLUMBIA 

Greater  Vancouver  District, 
R.N.A.B.C: 

The  members  of  the  three  chapters  —  the 
West  Vancouver,  North  Vancouver,  and  the 
Vancouver  Chapter  —  gathered  on  May  7 
in  Vancouver  to-  form  the  Greater  Vancouver 
District.  Miss  K.  I.  Sanderson,  organizer  of 
districts  and  chapters  for  the  R.X.A.B.C, 
was  in  the  chair,  and  Miss  Bastin  of  the 
West  Vancouver  Chapter,  was  acting  secre- 
tary. Miss  Sanderson  gave  a  most  ■  encour- 
aging account  of  the  progress  made  in  the 
formation  of  chapters  and  districts  in  Bri- 
tish Columbia  —  there  being  twenty-nine 
nursing  associations,  as  compared  to  eight, 
three  years  ago. 

Miss  Margaret  Kerr,  convener  of  the 
Placement  Bureau  Committee,  gave  her  re- 
port of  the  formation  of  a  nursing  bureau 
and  placement  service  w^hich  would  adjust 
the  needs  of  the  hospitals  for  additional 
staff  to  the  supply  of  nurses  in  need  of  em- 
ployment. This  subject  stimulated  much  dis- 
cussion as  it  is  a  very  vital  question,  con- 
cerning the  private  duty  nurse  particularly. 
The  nominating  committee,  convened  by 
Miss  Lyle  Creelman,  gave  the  report  of  the 
nominees  for  the  executive  of  the  newly 
formed  district.  The  following  nurses  hold 
these  positions :  president,  Miss  Mary  Hen- 
derson, of  the  Vancouver  Chapter :  vice- 
presidents :  Mrs.  G.  A.  AIcLaughlin.  of 
North  Vancouver,  and  Miss  Ursula  White- 
head, of  West  Vancouver ;  secretary,  Miss 
K.  Heaney.  of  Vancouver ;  treasurer,  Miss 
Louise  E.  Jones,  of  West  Vancouver;  Gen- 
eral Nursing  Section,  Mrs.  B.  Cox,  of  Van- 
couver ;  Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing 
Section.  Miss  M.  Watson,  of  Vancouver ; 
Public  Health  Section,  Miss  P.  McDiarmid. 
of  North  Vancouver.  Miss  M.  Duffield, 
president  of  the  Registered  Nurses  Associa- 
tion of  British  Columbia,  closed  the  meeting 


with    an    appeal    for   better   attendance    and 
greater  participation  in  the  new  Association. 


National  Hospital  Day: 

This  year  in  British  Columbia,  National 
Hospital  Day  took  on  a  two- fold  purpose : 
a  campaign  of  publicity  in  the  newspapers, 
sponsored  by  the  R.N.A.B.C.  in  various  parts 
of  the  Province,  and  a  memorial  rededication 
service  when  all  eyes  were  turned  toward 
the  sacrifices  and  courage  of  nurses  all  over 
the  world  in  fighting  disease  and  preventing 
suffering.  Publicity  in  Victoria  was  ar- 
ranged by  Miss  Dorothy  R.  Colquhoun,  sen- 
ior instructor.  Royal  Jubilee  Hospital,  and 
included  photographs  of  nurses  under  the 
heading  "Canada  Needs  Nurses".  The 
Kootenay  Lake  General  Hospital  at  Nelson 
held  open  house,  and  visitors  were  guided  to 
the  various  departments  by  staf-f  nurses,  and 
were  afterward  entertained  at  tea  by  the 
Women's  Auxiliary.  Nurses  of  the  Nelson 
Chapter  attended  a  rededication  service  held 
in  commemoration  of  the  122nd  anniversary 
of  the  birth  of  Florence  Nightingale.  In 
Vancouver,  a  similar  service  was  held,  at 
which  there  was  a  large  attendance.  Hospi- 
tal Day  was  brought  before  the  public  by 
newspaper  articles  and  photographs  depict- 
ing a  student  nurse's  day,  and  an  interest- 
ing resume  of  the  life  of  Florence  Night- 
ingale. 


Vancouver  General  Hosfttal: 

The  Vancouver  General  Hospital  Alum- 
nae Association,  as  is  their  annual  custom, 
entertained  the  V.G.H.  graduates  of  1942  at 
a  banquet  and  of  the  187  present,  62  were 
members  of  the  graduating  class.  Speakers 
excelled  themselves  in  their  very  gracious 
toasts.  Miss  Maitland  and  Miss  Duffield 
gave  the  toasts  to  the  Hospital  and  the  gra- 
duates, and  received  replies  from  Miss  Fair- 
ley  and  Miss  Rollo  respectively.  Miss  Janet 
Pallister  was  the  lucky  winner  of  the  draw 
for  the  floral  centre  piece.  Miss  Ruby  Peter- 
son gave  piano  selections  and  accompanied 
the  community  singing,  led  by  Miss  Grace 
Noble.  The  drama  of  the  evening.  "The  Hy- 
sterics of  Nursing",  a  true  tale,  designed  for 
the  education  of  the  graduates  of  1942, 
brought  to  light  many  skeletons  long  hidden 
in  cupboards  of  older  graduates.  Members  of 
the  Alumnae  Association  took  part  in  the 
skit  while  Miss  Beth  McCann  gave  the  com- 
mentary. 


Victoria: 

Dr.  p.  M.  Baillie  of  Victoria,  in  an  ad- 
dress given  to  the  members  of  the  Vancou- 


JULY,  1942 


502 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


ver  Island  District  Xo.  1  (Victoria  Chap- 
ter), stressed  the  need  for  closer  co-ordina- 
tion between  physicians,  surgeons,  dentists, 
public  health  officers,  hospitals,  nurses,  phy- 
siotherapists, technicians,  nutritionists,  and 
sanitary  engineers,  pointing  out  that  the 
maintenance  of  community  health  was  de- 
pendent on  the  services  of  all  these  agencies. 
In  acknowledging  the  difficulties  of  a  per- 
fect plan.  Dr.  Baillie  referred  to  the  gap 
between  the  public  health  services  and  the 
private  practitioner.  He  went  on  to  say  that : 
"A  health  insurance  scheme  for  Canada  is 
under  consideration.  This  is  a  step  that 
should  have  been  taken  many  years  ago. 
Canada  has  been  woefully  behind  many  other 
countries  in  legislation  of  this  kind,  such  as 
Denmark,  Sweden,  and  Great  Britain.  In  this 
regard  we  have  much  to  learn  from  Soviet 
Russia,  which  has  the  most  advanced  and 
comprehensive  medical  and  public  health  set 
up  in  the  world  today." 

Dr.  Baillie  closed  his  remarks  by  saying : 
"The  line  of  advance,  then,  in  modern  medi- 
cine is  the  careful  and  co-ordinated  activity 
of  all  the  agencies  I  have  cited.  This  has 
to  be  accomplished  by  a  central  planning 
authority  under  our  constituted  government. 
It  will  not  come  until  the  people  of  Canada 
demand  it." 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  Victoria  Chap- 
ter, R.N. A. B.C.  was  held  recently  when  the 
following  officers  were  elected :  president, 
Mrs.  J.  H.  Russell ;  first  vice-president. 
Sister  Mary  Claire ;  recording  secretary. 
Miss  G.  Wahl ;  treasurer,  Miss  N.  Knipe. 

Rededication  Services  were  held  at  St. 
Andrew's  Cathedral  and  First  United 
Church,  with  325  nurses  participating,  many 
of  whom  were  in  uniform.  Addresses  were 
given  by  Bishop  Cody  and  Mr.  McLeod. 

Thirty-nine  graduates  of  the  School  of 
Nursing  of  St.  Joseph's  Hospital  recently 
received  their  diplomas  from  His  Honour 
the  Lieutenant-Governor  at  an  impressive 
ceremony,  marking  the  41st  annual  com- 
mencement exercises  of  the  Nursing  School. 
Mrs.  Angus  Campbell's  bursary  was  w^on  by 
Miss  Goldie  Hannah.  Forty- four  nurses  re- 
cently received  their  diplomas  and  gold  bad- 
ges at  the  graduation  exercises  of  the  School 
of  Nursing  of  the  Royal  Jubilee  Hospital. 
The  Robert  Sand  Patience  Day  Memorial 
Scholarship  was  won  by  Miss  Florence 
Johnson. 

The  following  marriages  have  recently  ta- 
ken place:  Isobel  Court  Mclntyre  (St.  J. 
H.,  1942)  to  James  Anthonv  Wood;  Iiia 
Purves  (St.  J.  H.,  1938)  to  C.  F.  Mc- 
Naughton;  Vera  Jane  Dillman  (St.  J.H., 
1940)  to  Tames  Richard  Munro,  R.C.N.V.R. ; 
Jeanne  Theodora  Groos  (R.J.H.,  1937)  to 
Dr.  T.  W.  Walker;  Alice  Pidcock  (R.T.H. 
1939)  to  Lieut.  George  Lvle,  R.C.A. ;  Flo- 
rence McKav  (R.J.H.,  1939)  to  Mr.  Hagg- 
strong,  R.C.A. F. 


MANITOBA 


Winnipeg: 


The  annual  meeting  of  the  Winnipeg  Gen- 
eral Hospital  Alumnae  Association  was  held 
recently  when  the  following  officers  were 
elected :  Honourary  president,  Mrs.  A.  W. 
Moody;  president.  Miss  Connie  Lethbridge ; 
first  vice-president,  Miss  Kathryn  McLearn; 
second  vice-president.  Miss  Elsie  Wilson ; 
third  vice-president,  Mrs.  S.  Ward;  record- 
ing secretary.  Miss  June  Smith ;  correspond- 
ing secretary,  Miss  Alice  Robertson ;  treas- 
urer. Miss  Florence  Stratton ;  conveners  for 
standing  committees :  program,  Mrs.  C. 
Kershaw;  membership.  Miss  Audrey  Porter; 
visiting.  Miss  Grace  McKeevor;  journal, 
]Mrs.  S.  G.  Horner;  conveners  for  special 
committees :  representative  to  school  of  nurs- 
ing committee.  Miss  Gertrude  Hall ;  repre- 
sentative to  The  Canadian  Xiirsc,  Miss  Helen 
Smith ;  representative  to  doctors  and  nur- 
ses directory.  Miss  Alda  Howard;  archivist, 
Miss  Mary  Stewart;  jubilee,  Miss  P.  Bon- 
nar ;  representative  to  Local  Council  of  Wo- 
men :  Mrs.  Thomas,  Mrs.  Randall ;  represen- 
tative to  Council  of  Social  Agencies,  Mrs. 
A.  Speirs. 

The  graduation  exercises  of  the  Winnipeg 
General  Hospital  School  of  Nursing  were 
held  recently  when  67  graduates  received 
their  diplomas  and  medals.  A  reception  was 
later  held  for  the  graduates  in  the  nurses 
home. 

The  Alumnae  Association  recently  enter- 
tained the  1942  graduates  at  dinner  when  the 
president,  Miss  Constance  Lethbridge,  was  in 
the  chair,  assisted  bv  the  honourary  presi- 
dent. Mrs.  A.  W.  Moody  (1892). 

Miss  Gertrude  Hall  (1921)  recently  atten- 
ded the  annual  meeting  of  the  American 
Nurses  Association  held  in  Chicago. 

The  following  marriages  have  recently 
taken  place:  Lillian  Thomas  (1941)  to  Dr. 
John  Ridge;  Helen  B.  Creery  (1942)  to 
Lieut.  J.  W.  Battershill. 


NOVA  SCOTIA 


Halifax: 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  Halifax  Branch, 
R.N.A.N.S.,  was  held  recently.  There  was  a 
large  attendance,  with  good  representation 
from  the  Army,  Navy,  and  Air  Force 
Nursing  Services.  The  president,  Miss  Jane 
Hubley,  was  in  the  chair.  Miss  Lenta  Hall, 
convener  of  the  War  Emergency  Committee, 
stated  that  preparations  were  still  continuing 
to  meet  possible  emergencies.  Twenty-twc 
home  nursing  classes  have  been  organized 
since  the  fall.  Three  hundred  and  sixty-ont 
have  received  certificates.  Miss  Marjorie 
Jenkins    reported    that   the    Nurses    Official 


Vol.  38,  No.   7 


Please  Nurse . . . 

Z.B.T.wJth  Olive  Oil. 

It  resists  moisture  better! 


Z.B.T 


BABY  POWDER 


ZQszn 


Here  is  quick,  convincing  proof  of 
this  unusual  Z.B.T.  advantage 

IT  makes  a  big  difference  to  baby  when  his  pow- 
der is  moisture -resistant.  Then  sensitive  skin 
gets  far  better  protection  against  perspiration  and 
wet  diapers.  And  Z.B.T.  with  Olive  Oil  is  mois- 
ture-resistant. Here's  how  you  can  prove  it. 

Sprinkle  a  generous  layer  of  Z.B.T.  on  water. 
See  how  it  floats  there,  staying  dry  and  impervious 
to  moisture  indefinitely.  Try  plunging  your  hand 
through  the  Z.B.T.  layer.  Even  that  will  not  dis- 
turb its  resistance  to  moisture— and  your  hand  will 
be  dry  when  removed. 

Z.B.T.  Baby  Powder  with  Olive  Oil  is  long- 
clinging— superior  in  "slip."  Try  it  at  our  expense. 
You'll  like  it,  too.  Just  send  in  the  coupon  below 
for  your  free  professional  package  of  Z.B.T. 


Fn  E  c  I     The  Centaur  Company,  Dept.  D-72, 
Iv  C  C  •      1019  Elliott  St.  W.,  Windsor,  Ont. 

Please  send  free  professional  package  of  Z.B.T.  to: 


Address 
City 


-Prov.. 


JULY,  1942 


504 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


THREE  FAMOUS 

PRODUCTS 
FOR  BABY  CARE 


To  nurses  and  mothers  alike,  one  of 
the  most  important  factors  in  baby 
care  is  the  choice  of  reliable  toilet  pre- 
parations. 

•  Baby's  Own  SOAP  has  been  the 
choice  of  generations  of  nurses  and 
mothers  because  it  is  made  especially 
for  babies  from  the  finest,  purest  ma- 
terials obtainable.  Baby's  Own  Soap 
contains  lanoline,  soothing  to  baby's 
delicate  skin. 

•  Baby's  Own  POWDER  is  a  scien- 
tifically manufactured  borated  talc 
prepared  especially  for  babies  to  pre- 
vent skin  irritation,   chafing  or  rash. 

•  Baby's  Own  OIL  is  a  pure,  bland 
oil  containing  no  antiseptic  and  espe- 
cially blended  for  the  delicate  tissues 
of  baby's  skin.  Non-sticky,  it  forms  a 
protective  film  against  moisture  and 
irritation. 

All  three  of  these  products  are  pre- 
pared particularly  for  use  in  the  Nur- 
sery and  are  hygienically  manufactured 
to  measure  up  to  clinical  standards. 

You   may   recommend    Baby's   Own 
Products  with  confidence. 


PRODUCTS 


Directory  is  now  well  established.  Plans  are 
being  made  to  expand  the  Directory  to  in- 
clude all  groups  engaged  in  nursing,  such  as 
graduates  of  maternity  hospitals  and  prac- 
tical nurses. 

The  following  officers  were  elected  for 
the  coming  year:  president.  Miss  Lillian 
Grady,  B.Sc. ;  first  vice-president,  Miss  Ruth 
Hart ;  second  vice-president,  :\Iiss  Gertrude 
Crosby;  recording  secretary,  Miss  Joyce 
MacDonald;  conesponding  secretary,  Miss 
M.  Hosterman;  conveners  of  committees: 
publication  and  program,  Miss  D.  Turner; 
general  nursing.  Miss  Claire  Otto;  hospital 
and  school  of  nursing.  Miss  J.  Church; 
visiting,  Mrs.  Myrtle  MacPherson ;  public 
health,  ^Miss  Marion  Shore. 

We  look  forward  to  a  promising  vear 
under  the  capable  direction  of  our  "new 
president.  Miss  Grady  is  a  graduate  of  the 
Halifax  Infirmary,  and  obtained  her  B.Sc. 
in  nursing  in  St.  Louis,  Alissouri.  She  is 
instructress  of  nurses  at  the  Halifax  In- 
firmary. A  most  interesting  add.  ess  was 
given  by  Surgeon  Lieutenant  Commander  J. 
Wendell  MacLeod.  F.R.C.P.  on  the  problem 
of  medical  care  in  Canada. 

New  Glasgow: 

Over  a  hundred  nurses,  ninety  of  whom 
were  in  uniform,  attended  the  Vesper  Service 
held  in  Trinity  United  Church,  New  Glas- 
gow, on  May  10. 

Miss  Hilda  Meikle  and  Miss  Lenora  Mac- 
Millan  were  chosen  to  represent  the  Pictou 
Co.  Branch,  R.N.A.N.S.  at  the  annual  meet- 
ing of  the  Provincial  Association  held  in 
June  in  Kentville. 


ONTARIO 

District  1 


Sarnia: 

A  refresher  course  was  held  recently  in 
Sarnia  for  graduate  nurses.  The  lectures 
were  very  interesting  and  were  well  attended. 
The  lectures  were  given  by  physicians  on  the 
following  topics  :  obstetrics  and  gynecology ; 
burns  and  shock ;  treatment  of  hemorrhage ; 
treatments  in  ear,  eye,  nose  and  throat ;  blood 
bank  and  blood  substitutes ;  pediatrics ;  new 
drugs  ;  wounds  and  fractures.  Demonstrations 
of  the  following  procedures  were  in  charge 
of  Miss  B.  MacFarlane  and  Miss  B.  O'Mal- 
ley:  oxygen  therapy,  Wangensteen,  suction 
drainage,  intravenous  infusion,  blood  transfu- 
sion, and  blood  plasma  for  transfusions.  A 
demonstration  of  first  aid  was  given  by  Dr. 
J.  Mann,  of  the  St.  John  Ambulance  Corps. 

The    graduate   nurses    of    Sarnia    recently 


Vol.   38,  No.  7 


N  E  W  S    NOTES 


505 


held  a  tea  and  bake  sale,  from  which  $350 
was  raised  in  aid  of  the  British  Xurses  Relief 
Fund. 

The  following  marriages  of  Sarnia  General 
Hospital  graduates  have  recently  taken  place  : 
Jean  Revington  (1933)  to  L.  W.  Lobsinger; 
Edith  Hodgins  (1933)  to  A.  Thompson: 
Irene  Hearns  (1941)  to  L.  H.  Riseborough ; 
Irene  Dunford  (1941)  to  S.  Brock;  Minnie 
Robbins  (1941)  to  N.  MacLean ;  Gertrude 
Knight   (1934)   to  Philip  Abel. 


District  4 


Hamilton  : 

St.  Joseph's  Hospital: 

The  following  officers  have  recently  been 
elected  by  the  Alumnae  Association  of  St. 
Joseph's  Hospital  to  serve  during  the  coming 
year:  Honourary  president,  Rev.  Sr.  M. 
Alfonsa;  honourary  vice-president.  Rev.  Sr. 
Mary  Grace ;  president,  Miss  I.  Loyst ;  first 
vice-president.  Miss  G.  Xeal ;  recording 
secretary,  Miss  F.  Nicholson ;  corresponding 
secretary,  Miss  E.  Moran ;  treasurer,  Miss  L. 
Curry  ;  executive  :  Misses  Crane,  Dynes,  Mil- 
ler, McXanamy,  Hays,  Quinn,  Markle,  O'- 
Neal ;  entertamment.  Miss  A.  \\'iHiams ; 
representative  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss 
L.  Johnson. 

The  graduating  exercises  of  the  School  of 
Nursing  of  St.  Joseph's  Hospital  were  held 
recently.  His  Excellency,  Bishop  J.  Ryan, 
presented  27  nurses  with  diplomas  and  pins, 
and  gave  a  very  inspiring  address.  The  Alum- 
nae Association  entertained  the  new  grad- 
uates with  a  delightful  dinner  and  dance. 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Alumnae  As- 
sociation, it  was  reported  that,  to  date.  %77 
had  been  collected  for  the  British  Nurses 
Relief   Fund. 

The  following  marriages  have  recently 
taken  place:  Jeanne  Stevenson  (1939)  lo 
Lieut.  William  Broadfoot,  Medical  Corps ; 
Margaret  Lottridge  (1941)  to  Ralph  Hill; 
Shirley  Beck  (1941)  to  Bill  Mitchell;  Ariel 
Bird  (1941)  to  Ashton  Smith. 


District  5 


Toronto  Department  of  Healthy 
Division  of  Public  Health  Nursing: 

The  Public  Health  Nurses  Association  of 
the  Toronto  Health  Department  held  a  tea 
at  the  Riverdale  Isolation  Hospital  in  honour 
of  130  volunteers  v^-ho  render  such  valuable 
aid  at  the  Health  Centres  and  schools  each 

JULY,  1942 


''Tell  f#fe.  doctor 


Is  there  any  really  effective  antisep- 
tic that  won't  hurt  when  I  put  it  on 
the  children's  cuts  and  scratches?" 

You  can  prescribe  'DETTOL'  Antiseptic 
with  confidence.  You  know  its  efficiency 
in  professional  use,  and  so  will  appre- 
ciate its  eminent  suitability  for  all  anti- 
septic purposes  in  the  home. 

'DETTOL'  has  a  Phenol  Coefficient  of 
3.0,  yet  it  is  so  gentle  that  children  un- 
hesitatingly submit  to  its  application  to 
cuts,  bites  and  abrasions.  Important  in 
maternity  work  'DETTOL'  is  also 
recommended  for  douching  and  gen- 
eral antisepsis. 


•DETTOL'  Offers  You  ALL  These 
Qualities: 

Non-Poisonous 
Non-Staining 

Phenol  Coefficient  3.0   (Hy- 
gienic   Laboratory    Test) 
Does  Not  Hurt 
Pleasant  Odour 
Gentle  to  Human  Tissue 
An    Excellent   Deodorant 


Reckitt    8C    Colman     (Canada) 
Limited 
Pharmaceutical    Dept.,    Montreal 


THE  MODERN  ANTISEPTIC 


506  T  H  E     C  A  N  A  D  I  A  N    N  U  R  S  E 


WANTED 

A  Night  Supervisor  and  an  Obstetrical  Supervisor  are  wanted  for  a  175- 
bed  Hospital,  with  Training  School,  in  Central  Ontario.  Apply,  stating  age, 
religion,  qualifications,  experience,  when  available  for  duty,  and  salary  ex- 
pected. Further  information  regarding  the  Hospital  may  be  obtained  upon 
application.  Address  all  correspondence  in  care  of: 

Box  17,  The  Canadian  Nurse,  1411  Crescent  St.,  Montreal,  P.Q. 


WANTED 

Applications  will  be  received  from  nurses  for  General  Staff  Duty  in  an 
interior  British  Columbia  hospital,  maintaining  an  all  graduate  nursing  staff. 
The  salary  is  $65.00  per  month,  with  maintenance.  Apply  to: 
Kootenay  Lake  General  Hospital,  Nelson,  B.C. 


WANTED 

Applications  are  invited  for  Graduate  Nurses  from  recognized  schools  for 
General  Duty.  Please  enclose  credentials  when  applying  to: 

The   Superintendent,  Gait  Hospital,  Gait,   Ont. 


WANTED 

Applications  are  invited  for  the  position  of  Class  Room  Instructress  for 
a  100-bed  Hospital.  Apply,  giving  qualifications,  experience,  and  salary  ex- 
pected, to: 

The  Superintendent,  General  Hospital,  Dauphin,  Manitoba. 


WANTED 

Positions  as  General  Duty  Nurses 
Hospital  for  the  treatment  of  mental 
Nurses  are  invited.  Maintenance  and  a 
are  offered. 

are  available  in  the  Verdun 

diseases.  Applications  from 

beginning  salary  of  $50.00 

Protestant 
Registered 

per  month 

Apply  to 

:  Director  of  Nursing, 

P.O.  Box  6034,  Montreal,  P.Q. 

year.  Among  those  invited  were  His  Worship  health    nurses,    thanked    the    volunteers    for 
the  Mayor,  Dr.  McCallum,  chairman  of  the  their  services.  Miss  Clara  Vale,  president  of 
Board  of  Health,  all  department  medical  of-  the  Public  Health  Nurses  Association,  pre- 
ficers,  Dr.  Alan  Brown,  Dr.  Beverley  Han-  seated  a  bouquet  of  roses  to  Miss  Matheson, 
nah,   Dr.  E.   P.   Lewis,   Miss  Ethel   Cryder-  superintendent  of  the  Isolation  Hospital,  who 
man,    V.O.N. ,    Miss    Helen    Heffernan,    St.  has  been  the  gracious  hostess  to  the  nurses 
Elizabeth   Visiting   Nurses,   Mr.    Stapleford,  and  volunteers  on  many  such  occasions. 
N.W.A.,  Miss  Touchburne,  N.W.A.,  all  hos- 
pital   superintendents,    Mrs.    D.    B.    Sinclair,  _„              -,       .     , 
Miss  Marian  Emerson,  Mrs.  Kaspar  Eraser,  ioronto  W  estern  HosptaL: 
Miss    Bessie    Touzel,    Mrs.    Robert    Conner, 

C.W.V.S.,   and    Airs.    Graham    Bryce,    C.W.  At   the    regular   monthly   meeting   of    the 

V.S.  His  Worship  the  Mayor  spoke  feelingly  Toronto   Western   Hospital   Alumnae   Asso- 

of  the  work  accomplished  by  the  nurses  and  ciation    held    recently,    the    president,    Mrs. 

volunteers.   Miss  Hickey,  director  of  public  Douglas     Chant,    was     in    the    chair.     The 

Vol.   38,  No.  7 


NEWS   NOTES 


507 


The  Ideal  Dietary  Sweet 


"CROWN  BRAND"  and  "LILY 
WHITE"  furnish  maximum 
energy  with  a  minimum  diges- 
tive effort^— and  contain  a 
large  percentage  of  Dextrose 
and  Maltose.  That  is  why  they 
are  used  so  successfully  for 
infant  feeding. 

These  famous  Syrups  are  scien- 
tifically manufactured  under  the 
most  hygienic  conditions  .  .  . 
they  are  the  purest  corn  syrups 
obtainable  and  can  be  prescribed 
with   assured   good   results. 


'CROWN  BRAI«rcORN  SYRUP 

andiivf  white'(CORn  syrup 

Manufacture^  by  THE  CANADA  STARCH  COMPANY  Umited 


members  of  the  graduating  class  were  in- 
troduced and  welcomed  to  the  Alumnae  Asso- 
ciation. Mrs.  Chant  was  chosen  to  attend  the 
ex. A.  convention  in  Montreal  in  June,  and 
Miss  Verna  Gibson  to  be  the  representative 
to  the  R.X.A.O. 

Commemorating  the  birth  date  of  Florence 
Nightingale.  Miss  F.  H.  M.  Emory,  of  the 
University  of  Toronto  School  of  Nursing, 
outlined  ^liss  Nightingale's  influence  on  the 
nursing  profession  and  added  that  nurses 
might  show  their  gratitude  by  being  worthier 
members  of  a  worthier  profession. 

The  draw  was  made  on  a  Red  Cross  raffle 
for  a  $50  cheque.  War  Savings  Certificate, 
and  other  additional  prizes,  the  members 
being  very  pleased  with  the  proceeds  of  $450. 
A  social  hour  followed. 

The  following  marriages  have  recently 
taken  place:  Frances  Fasken  (1939)  to  W. 
Yonson;  Jean  McDonald  (1937)  to  Dr. 
Fred  Pearson. 


District  6 
Peterborough: 

The  quarterly  meeting  of  District  6,  R.N. 
A.O.,  was  held  recently  in  Peterborough, 
with  the  chairman.  Miss  Irene  Shaw,  of 
Cobourg,  presiding.  The  afternoon  session 
was  held  at  the  Nicholls  Hospital  and  was 

JULY,  1942 


devoted  to  business.  The  Sisters  of  St. 
Joseph's  Hospital  presented  an  exhibit,  made 
by  the  students  of  their  school,  in  the  interest 
of  The  Canadian  Xiirsc.  It  depicts  the  first 
hospital  on  the  Island  of  Montreal,  with  its 
foundress,  Jeanne  Mance.  It  was  the  unani- 
mous wish  of  the  meeting  that  it  be  for- 
warded to  Windsor  for  the  annual  meeting. 
The  members  were  very  fortunate  in  having 
Miss  Edna  Moore,  Chief  Public  Health 
Nurse  of  Ontario,  speak  at  the  dinner  meet- 
ing on  "Nursing  in  Wartime".  She  em- 
phasized the  pressing  need  of  registration  of 
all  married  and  retired  nurses  as  a  source 
of  supply  in  a  national  emergency,  and  urged 
that  all  nurses  maintain  their  standards  both 
during  and  following  the  war,  not  for  them- 
selves alone  but  for  the  nurses  of  other 
countries  more  severely  tried  than  ours. 
The  evening  meeting  was  largely  attended. 
Miss  Claribel  McCorquodale,  Department  of 
Radiology,  Toronto  General  Hospital,  gave 
her  very  interesting  talk  and  film,  "A  Nurse 
Looks  at  Radiology".  Refreshments  were 
served  by  the  members  of   Chapter   C. 

Lindsay: 

Miss  Madalene  Baker  recently  addressed 
a  mixed  gathering  of  nurses,  the  registry 
board,  and  other  persons  interested  in  com- 
munity nursing  service.  Her  address  was  both 


508 


THE  CANADIAN  NURSE 


For  Those 
Who  Prefer  The  Best 


WHITE  TUBE  CREAM 

will 
Make  Your  Shoes  Last  Longer 

Give    A    Whiter    Finish 

Prove  More  Economical  To  Use. 

Made  in  Canada 

For  Sole  At  All  Good  Shoe  Stores 
From    Coast    to    Coast. 


THE    VERDUN    PROTESTANT 
HOSPITAL,  VERDUN,  P.  Q. 

The  Verdun  Protestant  Hospital 
for  the  treatment  of  mental  dis- 
eases offers  a  supplementary  four- 
months  course  in  psychiatry  to  gra- 
duate registered  nurses  who  have 
not  had  the  benefit  of  the  exper- 
ience afforded  during  an  under- 
graduate affiliate  course  in  this 
branch  of  nursing. 

A  regular  course  of  lectures  is 
given  by  the  Medical  Staff  and 
clinical  experience  in  the  wards  af- 
fords an  opportunity  of  observing 
and  taking  part  in  the  modern 
treatment  of  mental  diseases. 

Maintenance  and  an  allowance  of 
$25.00  per  month  are  provided. 
Apply  to: 

Director  of  Nursing 
P.  O.   Box  6034 
Montreal,  P.Q. 


interesting  and  informative.  At  another 
meeting  Dr.  Grierson,  of  Sunderland,  ad- 
dressed the  graduate  nurses  of  the  town 
and  student  body  on  his  experiences  in  Korea 
as  a  medical  missionary.  This  proved  of  great 
educational  value  at  a  time  when  the  Orient 
seems   so  much  closer  to  us. 

Misses  G.  Lehigh,  C.  Fallis,  and  D.  Cur- 
rins  attended  the  R.X.A.O.  convention.  Miss 
Lenore  J.  Harding  has  joined  the  R.C.A.M.C 
and  is  in  Kingston.  Miss  Ethel  M.  Lowe  has 
joined  the  R.C.A.M.C.  and  is  in  Ottawa. 
Miss  Dorcas  Herron  is  doing  industrial 
nursing  in  Windsor. 

In  the  April  Journal  it  was  incorrectly 
stated  that  Miss  Effie  Mclntyre  was  on  the 
staff  of  the  Red  Cross  Hospital,  Kirkland 
Lake.  At  present,  Miss  Mclntyre  is  at  the 
Presbyterian  Hospital,  New  York.  Miss 
Flora  Moffatt  is  on  the  staff  of  the  Red 
Cross  Hospital,  Kirkland  Lake. 

Married :  Recently,  Miss  Jean  Crittenden 
(1941)  to  Pte.  Gordon  Eberts. 


District  8 
Ottawa: 

Ottawa  General  Hospital: 

On  the  occasion  of  Hospital  Day  members 
of  the  Alumnae  Association  of  the  School 
of  Nursing  of  the  Ottawa  General  Hospital 
gathered  for  the  presentation  and  unveiling 
of  the  portrait  of  the  fifth  superintendent 
of  the  School  of  Nursing,  Rev.  Sister  St. 
Flavie  Domitille.  An  active  member  of  the 
hospital  staff  for  over  30  years.  Sister 
Flavie  was  named  superintendent  of  nurses 
in  1922,  a  position  which  she  filled  capably 
until  her  appointment  as  Superior  a  little 
over  a  year  ago.  Under  her  efficient  direc- 
tion, more  than  500  young  women  w-ere 
prepared  to  take  their  place  in  the  nursing 
profession. 

Guests  were  received  by  the  Rev.  Sister 
Superior,  Miss  Viola  Foran,  president  of 
the  Alumnae  Association,  and  Miss  Alice 
Proulx,  vice-president.  Miss  Jeanne  Frappier 
and  Miss  Bernadette  Legris  unveiled  the 
portrait.  Among  the  guests  were  the  Rev. 
Mother  General  and  the  Council  of  the 
Grey  Nuns  of  the  Cross.  Addresses  were 
given  in  both  English  and  French  by  Miss 
Isobel  McElrov  and  Mrs.  Herbert  Plunkett. 


QUEBEC 

Montreal: 

Montreal  General  Hospital: 

Miss  Helen  Hamilton  (1933)  and  Miss 
Dorothy  Barclay  (1940)  have  been  appoin- 
ted  Nursing   Sisters   with  the   Royal   Cana- 


Vol.  38,  No.  7 


NEWS    NOTES 


509 


dian  Navy.  Miss  Lois  Bailey  (1937)  and 
Miss  Phyllis  McElroy  (1939)  have  been  ap- 
pointed Xursing  Sisters  with  the  R.C.A.M.C. 
Miss  Katherine  Hill  (1940)  and  Miss  Rosa- 
mund Wilson  (1942)  have  accepted  positions 
at  the  Arvida  Hospital,  Quebec.  Miss  Grace 
MacMaster  (1929)  is  relieving  in  the  oper- 
ating room  for  the  summer. 

The  following  marriages  have  recently 
taken  place:  Grace  A.  Lindsay  (1940)  to 
Dr.  Charles  F.  Hyndman ;  Xursing  Sister 
Patricia  de  Merrall  (1939)  to  Dr.  W.  H. 
Phillip  Hill,  R.C.A.M.C;  Gwenneth  ^L  Saw- 
ers  (1938)  to  Arthur  S.  Vevsev ;  Margaret 
Vowles  (1937)  to  Eric  ilill'rov ;  Edith 
Little  (1939)  to  AC  John  A.  Tait,  R.C.A.F. ; 
Aline  L.  Fee  (1939)  to  Flving  Instructor 
John  R.  Mills,  R.C.A.F.;  Ruth  Goodwin 
(1942)  to  Flight-Lieut.  Kenneth  Tavlor, 
R.C.A.F.;  Frances  Randall  (1939)  to  E. 
Brophy. 

Royal  Victoria  Hospital: 

The  graduating  exercises  of  the  School  of 
Nursing  of  the  Royal  Victoria  Hospital  were 
held  recently,  when  Miss  F.  Munroe  read  an 
interesting  report  of  the  school,  and  the 
diplomas  were  presented  by  Dr.  G.  F.  Ste- 
phens. The  address  was  given  by  Dr.  Frank 
McKenty,  and  Lady  Meredith  presented  the 
prizes. 

Miss  Margaret  MacLean  (1941)  ,is  on 
duty  at  the  Naval  Base  Hospital  at  St. 
John's,  Newfoundland,  and  Miss  Lilla 
Wright  (1940)  at  Esquimalt,  B.C.  Miss 
Helen  Murphy  (1938)  is  in  charge  of  a  sur- 
gical ward  at  Grace  Hospital,   Detroit. 

The  following  marriages  have  recently 
taken  place:  Ruth  Forsvth  (1941)  to  Dr. 
James  Alan  Scott;  Edith  Connell  (1935) 
to  William  James  MacPherson. 

McGill  School  for  Graduate  Nurses: 

A  well-attended  annual  meeting  of  the 
Alumnae  Association  of  the  McGill  School 
for  Graduate  Nurses  was  held  recently,  when 
reports  from  the  various  committees  were 
read  and  approved.  A  letter  of  greeting  to 
the  Alumnae  Association  and  of  congratula- 
tions to  the  graduating  class  was  read  from 
Miss  G.  M.  Fairley.  A  happy  feature  of  the 
evening  was  the  reception  in  honour  of  the 
members  of  the  graduating  class,  at  which 
tim.e  they  were  welcomed  as  members  of  the 
Alumnae  Association. 

A  message  of  congratulations  and  good 
wishes  was  sent  to  Miss  Elizabeth  Smellie, 
C.B.E.,  R.R.C.,  Matron-in-Chief.  R.C.A.M.C. 
Nursing  Service,  who  has  recently  been 
honoured  by  the  University  of  Western  On- 
tario conferring  upon  her  the  honourary 
degree  of  LL.D.  at  their  recent  convocation. 
By  this  distinction.  Miss  Smellie  has  once 
again  brought  honour  to  the  whole  nursing 
profession. 

The    following    officers    were    elected    to 


When 
First 
Real 
Meals 
Upset 
Baby 


About  75  per  cent  of  babies  are  allergic  to 
one  food  or  another  say  authorities.  Which 
agrees  and  which  does  not  can  only  be  de- 
termined by  method  of  trial.  In  case  such 
allergic  symptoms  as  skin  rash,  colic,  gas, 
diarrhea,  etc.  develop.  Baby's  Own  Tablets 
will  be  found  most  effective  in  quickly  free- 
ing baby's  delicate  digestive  tract  of  irrita- 
ting accumulations  and  wastes.  These  time- 
proven  tablet  triturates  are  gentle  —  war- 
ranted free  from  narcotics  —  and  over  40 
years  of  use  have  established  their  depend- 
ability  for   minor  upsets   of  babyhood. 


BABY'S  OWN  Tablets 


Your  White  Shoes 
Deserve  It 

Nugget  Whjte  Dressing  will 
keep  them  neat  and  trim,  al- 
ways looking  their   best. 

Nugget  is  also  available  in 
Black,  Blue  and  all  shades  of 
Brown. 


NUGGET 

WHITE  DRESSING 


(the   cake   in   the   non-rust   tin) 


JULY,  1942 


510 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


serve  during  the  coming  year :  president, 
Miss  M.  I.  Brady ;  vice-president,  Miss  W. 
McCunn ;  secretary-treasurer,  Miss  Jessie 
C.  Cook ;  committee  conveners :  Flora  Alade- 
line  Shaw  Fund.  Mrs.  L.  H.  Fisher ;  finance. 
Miss  E.  F.  Upton ;  program.  Miss  Rosamond 
Lamb ;  representatives  to :  Local  Council 
of  Women:  Mrs.  J.  R.  Taylor,  Miss  Eleanor 
Martin ;  The  Canadian  Nurse :  Miss  Clara 
Aitkenhead  (convener),  Miss  Myrtle  Gra- 
ham, Miss  Annesley,  Miss  J.  Morris. 

St.  Mary's  Hospital: 

At  a  recent  monthly  meeting  of  the  Alum- 
nae Association  of  St.  ]Mary's  Hospital  the 
guest  speaker  was  the  Rev.  Hector  Daly, 
S.J.,  national  chaplain,   C.C.Y.U. 

Quebec  City: 

Jeffery  Hale's  Hospital: 

The  graduation  exercises  of  the  School  of 
Nursing  of  Jeffery  Hale's  Hospital  were  held 
recently  with  a  large  number  of  friends  and 
relatives  present.  The  opening  prayer  was  led 
by  Rev.  Matheson.  Mr.  J.  T.  Ross,  assisted 
by  Miss  Lunam,  presented  the  graduates  with 
their  pins  and  diplomas.  Dr.  A.R.F.  Hubbard 
gave  an  interesting  address  and,  following 
the  exercises,  a  reception  was  held  for  the 
graduates  in  the  beautifully-decorated 
lounge. 

The  Alumnae  Association  recently  enter- 
tained the  1942  graduates  at  dinner,  with  the 
vice-president,  ^Mrs.  L.  Teakle,  in  the  chair. 
Miss  Mayhew  proposed  the  toast  to  the 
King,  and  Mrs.  Fleming  proposed  a  toast 
to  our  Alma  Mater.  Miss  Lunam  proposed 
an  inspiring  toast  to  the  graduates,  to  which 
Miss  Marsh  replied.  The  class  prophecy  was 
given  by  Miss  B.  O'Xeill.  The  guest  speaker. 
Mrs.  W.  H.  Delaney,  spoke  on  "The  Life  of 
a  V.A.D."  which  was  enjoyed  by  all.  Mrs. 
Pfeiffer  proposed  a  toast  to  absent  friends — 
especially  to  those  on  overseas  service.  A 
dance  was  given  recently  by  the  staff  and 
Board  of  Governors  in  honour  of  the 
graduating  class,  and  an  enjoyable  evening 
was  had  by  all. 

The  members  of  the  Jeffery  Hale's  Hos- 
pital staff  recently  honoured  Miss  M.  E. 
Lunam  on  her  appointment  to  the  position 
of  lady  superintendent  of  the  School  of 
Nursing.  On  behalf  of  the  staff,  Miss  C. 
Kennedy  presented  Aliss  Lunam  with  a  ster- 
ling silver  compact.  Several  members  of  the 
Alumnae  Association  recently  gathered  at  the 
home  of  Mrs.  Fleming  to  extend  to  the  guest 
of  honour.  Miss  Lunam.  their  good  wishes. 
^Irs.  Fleming  presented  her  with  a  beautiful 
china  dinner  set,  on  behalf  of  the  members. 
Refreshments  were  served  by  the  hostess. 

Miss  M.  Wilson  (1941)  has  left  Riverbend 
and  is  working  on  the  staff  of  the  Jewish 
General    Hospital,    Montreal.    Miss   E.   Far- 


quhar  (1941)  has  accepted  a  position  on  the 
staff  of  the  Children's  Memorial  Hospital, 
Montreal. 


SASKATCHEWAN 

Saskatoon  : 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Saskatoon  Reg- 
istered Nurses  Association  held  at  the  Sas- 
katoon City  Hospital,  an  excellent  report 
was  submitted  by  Miss  E.  Fendley,  dele- 
gate to  the  convention  recently  held  in 
Moose  Jaw,  marking  the  Silver  Jubilee  of 
the  S.R.N. A.  She  outlined  the  Convention 
in  detail,  bringing  to  the  nurses  unable  to 
attend  the  sessions  a  very  satisfactory  re- 
port on  nursing  activities  throughout  the 
province  for  the  past  year.  A  donation  was 
made  to  aid  the  Red  Cross  drive.  The  newly- 
elected  officers  for  the  year  1942-43  are  as 
follows :  president.  Miss  E.  Fendley ;  first 
vice-president,  Miss  M.  Bohl ;  second  vice- 
president.  Miss  M.  Tedford ;  secretary,  Miss 
E.  Hanna ;  honourary  treasurer.  Miss  D. 
Duff;  registrar  and  treasurer.  Miss  ^L  Ur- 
ton ;  councillors :  Miss  K.  W.  Ellis.  Miss  R. 
Smith,  Miss  AL  E.  Grant,  Miss  M.  R.  Chis- 
holm,  Miss  J.  Whiteford,  and  Miss  AL  F. 
Finlayson. 

Humboldt: 

A  veritable  "Crusade  for  Health"  was 
sponsored  here  recently  by  the  teaching  staff 
of  St.  Elizabeth's  Hospital  School  of  Nurs- 
ing, who  undertook  the  formation  of  classes 
for  a  home  nursing  course.  So  spontaneous 
and  rapid  was  the  response  that  the  number 
of  entrants  exceeded  the  expectation.  Some 
sixty  members  applied,  necessitating  the  for- 
mation of  two  groups  as  the  regulation  class 
allow^ed  only  20-30  individuals  to  a  group. 
The  classes  and  demonstrations  extended 
over  a  period  of  six  weeks  and  were  given 
weekly  in  the  Hospital  building.  Sr.  M. 
Hildegarde,  superintendent  of  nurses,  acted 
as  chairman  of  the  arrangement  committee. 
The  lecturers  w-ho  gave  their  services  to 
this  worthy  cause  included :  Dr.  B.  W.  Har- 
garten,  who  gave  a  most  instructive  talk 
on  prevention  of  communicable  diseases  and 
the  care  of  communicable  disease  patients  in 
the  home;  Sr.  M.  Annunciata  (T.  &  S.  1940- 
41),  instructor  of  nurses  at  St.  Elizabeth's 
Hospital  School  of  Nursing:  Sr.  M.  Hilde- 
garde ;  Sr.  M.  Floriann ;  Mrs.  P.  Rosen- 
berg. The  lecture  on  the  care  of  the  mouth 
and  teeth,  very  ably  presented  by  Dr.  E. 
Sklar,  concluded  the  course.  The  regular  at- 
tendance, keen  interest  and  enthusiasm  shown 
by  the  participants  was  most  encouraging 
to  the  instructors,  who  extend  to  all  their 
sincerest  hopes  that  the  acquired  knowledge 
will  prove  most  useful  and  inspirational  for 
the  care  of  the  sick  in  their  homes. 


Vol.  38,  No.  7 


Official  Directory 

International    Council    of   Nursei 
Acting    ExecntiTe   Secretary,    Misa    Calista    F.    Banwarth,    310    Cedar    Street,    New    Haven, 

Connecticut.  U.  S.  A. 

THE  CANADIAN  NURSES  ASSOCIATION 

Fmideat Miss  Grace   M.   Fairley,   Vancouver  General   Hospital.   Vancouver,    B.C. 

Pajt  President  Miss   Ruby   M.   Simpson.    Department    of   Healtii.    Parliament    Buildings,    Regina.    Sask. 

Fir»t  Vice-President Miss    Elizabeth    L.    Smellie,    Department    of    National    Defence.    Ottawa,    Ont 

Second    Vice-President    Miss    Marion    Lindeburgii.    School    for    Graduate    Nurses.    McGill    University, 
Montreal.    P.    Q. 

Honourary  Secretary   Miss   Kathleen   I.  Sanderson,    1105    Park   Drive.    Vancouver,    B.C 

Honourat-y   Treasurer   ...Miss    A.   J.    MacMaster,    Moncton    Hospital,    Moncton,    N.B. 

COUNCILLORS  AND  OTHER  MEMBERS  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 

IfumeralM   indicate    office    held:    (1)    President,    Provincial    Nurses    Association; 

(S)Chairman,  Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing  Section;   (8)   Chairman,  Public 

Health    Section;     (t)    Chairman,    GenercU    Nursing    Section. 

Alberta:    (1)   Miss  Rae  Chittick,  »I5-I8th  Ave.  W.,  D.  Acton,  Kingston  General  Hospital;    (3)   Miss 

Calgary;    (2)  Miss  Gena  Bamforth,  Royal  Alex-  Winnifred    Ashplant,    807    Waterloo    St..    Lon- 

andra    Hospital,    Edmonton;     (3)    Miss    Helen  don;     (4)    Miss    Dorothy    Ogilvie,    3i    Gilchrist 

Garfield.  713-3rd  St.  E.,  Calgary;    (l)   Miss  An-  St..   Ottawa. 
r.:e  Carlson,   ll2-10th  Ave.  N.  W.,  Calgary.  .    t.     ..      ,,x    w.       ir     «     t 

Prince    Edward    Island:     (1)    Miss    K.    MacLennan, 

British  Columbia:  (1)  Miss  M.  Duffield,  1675  West  Provincial  Sanatorium,  Charlottetown ;  (2)  Miss 
10th  Ave.,  Vancouver;  '2)  Miss  F.  McQuarrie,  Georgie  Brown,  Prince  County  Hospital,  Sum- 
Vancouver  General  Hospital;  (3)  Miss  F.  merside;  (3)  Miss  M.  Darling,  Alberton ;  (4) 
:.-nes,  1922  Adanac  St..  Vancouver;  (4)  Mrs.  Miss  D.  Hennessey,  Charlottetown  Hospital, 
E.  B.  Thomson,  1095  West  14th  St.,  Vancouver.  Charlottetown. 

Manitoba:    'D    Mrs.  A.  C.  McFetridge.   418  Camp-  ^""^^IVf    KiLSi^vf?  Mf=f  m    n.^'lL^".'?."'*'; 

bell    St.,    Winnipeg;     (2)     Miss    D.    Ditchfield.  rln-^ki     H^ct  fi,     ^^.     xr"  °^       m^'?- *'^^*' 

Children's    Hospital     \Vinnipeg:     (3)     Miss    E.  ^IT  L   H».^  h^  "ri.l^^f   Mlfi^^.i  .^''?I   "v?"' 

Rowlett.    125    Nassau    St.,    Winnipeg;    (4)    Miss  ^^Pj;   ?f„K"^f"'';«Piyc,°^n^nT.  c?  "Mitlr     i" 

E.    Campbell.    778    Ingersoll    St.;    Winnipeg.  ^-  ^^    ^"b^'^t-  ^^^^^  ^t.  Denis  St..  Montreal. 

.,         _           .  ,        /,.     oi  ..        IT           u  *  1    1^1  Saskatchewan:    (1)    Miss    M.  R.    Diederichs,    Grey 
New    Brunswick:     (1)    Sister    Kerr.     Hotel    Dleu  Xuns'   Hospital,   Regina;    (2)    Rev.   Sister  Man- 
Hospital    Campbellton;   (2)  Miss  Marion  Myers,  ,iin,    st.   Paul's   Hospital     Saskatoon;    (3)    Miss 
Saint  John   General   Hospital;    (8)    Miss   A.   A.  (Hadys    McDonald,    a    Mavfair    Apts.,    Regina; 

P,"*:!?,*'    S®'*i***    ^S"*''f'    S*'"c.  •'°w"'J*^    ^'^  <i)     Mi'^s    M.    R.    Chisholm,     805-7th    Ave.    N., 

Myrtle   E.    Kay,    21    Austin    St.,   Moncton.  Saskatoon. 

Nova  Scotia:      (1)     Miss    M.    Jenkins,    The    Child-  Chairmen,   National   Sections:    Hospital   and   School 

ren's  Hospital,  Halifax;  (2)  Sister  Mary  Peter,  of    Nursing:    Miss    B.    Anderson,   Ottawa    Civic 

St.    Martha's    Hospital,    Antigonish;     (8)    Miss  Hospital.  Public  Health:  Miss  M.  Kerr,  Eburne, 

Jean    Forbes,    314   Roy   Building,    Halifax;    (4)  B.C.    General    Nursing:    Miss    M.    Baker,    249 

Miss  G.  Porter,   115  South  Park  St.,   Halifax.  Victoria  St.,  London.  Convener.  Committee  on 

r»  .    •        /IN    Mioo    mi^     J    T    Tir  II          t     ..•»   ^  Suning     Education:      Miss      M.      Lindeburgh. 

Onurio:      1)    Miss   Mildred    I.Walker     Institute  School    for    Graduate    Nurses,    McGlll    Univer- 

of    Public    Health.    London;     '2)    Miss    Louise  sity.    Montreal. 

Executive  Secretary:   Miss  Je«.  S.  WiUon,   Nation.!  Office,   1411    Crescent  St..   Montreal.   P.Q. 
OFFICERS    OF   SECTIONS   OF    CANADIAN    NURSES    ASSOCIATION 

Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing  Section  CotNx  illors  :    Alberta:    Miss    A.    Carlson,    112-10 

Ave.   N.W.,   Calgarj-.     British   Columbia:    Mrs.   E. 
Chairman:  Miss  Blanche  Anderson,  Ottawa  Civic  ^-    Thomson.     1093    M'est    14th   St.,    Vancouver. 

HospitaL      First     Vice-Chairman :     Miss     E.     G.  Manitoba:  Miss    E.    Campbell,    778    Ingersoll   St., 

McNally.    General    Hospital,    Brandon.    Second  \Vinnipeg.    New  Brunswick:  Miss  Myrtle  E.  Kay, 

Vice-chairman:     Miss     M.      Batson,     Montreal  -^    Austin   St.,   Moncton.     Nova  Scotia:   Miss  G. 

General     Hospital.     Secretary-Treasurer:     Miss  Porter.    11,5   South   Park   St.,   Halifax.    Ontario: 

W.    Cooke.    Ottawa   Civic   Hospital.  ^''.^^    ^-    OgiWie,    34    Gilchrist    Ave.,    Ottawa, 

Prince  Edward  Island:   Miss  Dorotliy   Hennessey, 

Cof.vciLLORs:    Alberta:    Miss    G.    Bamforth,    Royal  Sus'"'A"M*''RXrt°'?is4  A  ii'^nl^nif^t'™^ 

Alexaiv.lra    Hospital.    Edmonton.   British   Colum-  SaLk^^cA™?      Mi«i  t^  r      rh  =h^«i'  ^'"fl"^^^^^^^^ 

bia:    Miss    F.    McQuarrie,    Vancouver    General  ?ve    v    ir.Ltoon                      Chisholm,     80o-7th 

Hospital.     Manitoba:    Miss    D.    Ditchfield,    Chil-  '  ^^s^^atoo"- 

dren's     Hospital.     Winnipeg.      New     Brunswick:  n    ui-      u      IaL    c      .■ 

Miss   Marion   Myers,   Saint  John   General   Hos-  fubltc  Health   ^iectton 

pital.       Nova     Scotia:     Sister     Marj-    Peter,     St.  r»i.i»M»xr.     vficc     vt      ir»..-      irK„..„«      u  ^      \ri.^ 

Joseph's    Hospital,    Glace    Bay.      Ontario:    Miss  ^'^h",*"  ,„.    Mic»    w     n  "              « '  iPk^V^  ^i"*" 

L.     D.     Acton       Kingston      General      Hospital.  =!'fnV    T„h=    ^'1     cl'    ?,'''''%"•    "^^"'^  ^?"*''«' 

Prince     Edward     Island:     Miss     Georgie     BrOwn,  rri^Lin^    o,^n    =nr,?nf  ^f^^^vf'"''^''^    ^«^^- 

Prince   County   Hospital,   Summerside.    Quebec:  Creelman.    2570    Spruce    St.,    Vancouver,    B.C. 

Miss    M.    Batson,     Montreal    General    HospitaL  Couxcillors:    Alberta:    Miss    Helen    Garfield,    713- 

Saskatchewan :      Reverend     Sister     Mandin,     St.  3rd   St.    E..   Calgary.  British   Columbia:   Miss   F. 

Paul's    Hospital,    Saskatoon.  Innes,    1922    Adanac   St.    Vancouver.    Manitoba: 

Miss    E.    Rowlett,    125    Nassau    St.,    Winnipeg, 

General  Nursing  Section  New  Brunswick:  Miss  A.  Burns.  Health  Centre 

Saint  John.  Nova  Scotia:   Miss  Jean  Forbes,  314 

Chairman:  Miss  M.  Baker,  249  Victoria  St.,  Lon-  Roy  Bldg.,  Halifax.  Ontario:  Miss  W.  Ash- 
don,  Ont.  First  Vice-Chairman:  Miss  F.  M.  plant.  807  Waterloo  St.,  London.  Prince  Edward 
H.  Brown.  Wolfville.  N.  S.  Second  Vice-Chair-  Island:  Miss  Margaret  Darling,  Alberton. 
man;  Miss  P.  Brownell,  212  Balmoral  St.,  Quebec:  Mile  A.  Martineau,  Dept.  of  Health 
Winnipeg,  Man.  Secretsn-Treasurer:  Miss  A.  Citv  of  Montreal.  Saskatchewan:  Miss  Gladys 
Conroy,    404   Regent   S'...    London,    Ont.  McDonald,   6  Mayfair  Apts.,  Regina. 


511 


Provincial  Associations  of  Registered  Nurses 


ALBERTA 

Alberta    Association    of    Registered    Nur>«« 

Pres.,  Miss  Rae  Chittick,  815-I8th  Ave.  W., 
Calgarj';  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Catherine  M. 
Clibborn,  University  of  Alberta  Hospital,  E<1- 
monton ;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Sister  M.  Beatrice,  St. 
Michael's  Hospital,  Lethbridge;  Sec-  Treas.  & 
Registrar,  Mrs.  A.  E.  Vango,  St.  Stephen's  Col- 
lege, Edmonton ;  Councillors :  Miss  B.  A.  Beattie, 
Provincial  Mental  Hospital,  Ponoka,  Miss  G. 
Bamforth,  Miss  H.  M.  Garfield,  Miss  A.  J.  Carl- 
son; Chairmen  of  Sections:  Hospital  &  School 
of  Nursing  Miss  Gena  Bamforth,  Royal  Alex- 
andra Hospital,  Edmonton ;  Public  Health,  Miss 
Helen  M.  Garfield,  7l3-3rd  St.  E.,  Calgary; 
General  Nursing,  Miss  Annie  J.  Carlson,  112- 
10th  Ave.  N.  W.,  Calgary;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian 
Nurse,  Miss  Violet  Chapman,  Royal  Alexandra 
Hospital,   Edmonton. 

Ponoka     District,     No.     2,     Alberta     Association     of 
Registered   Nurses 

Chairman,  Miss  Margaret  McLean ;  Vice-Chair- 
man,  Miss  Karen  Westerlund;  Secretary-Treas- 
urer, Miss  Margaret  Tamblyn,  Provincial  Mental 
Hospital.  Ponoka;  Representative  to  The  Cana- 
dian Nurse,    Miss   Nessa   Leckie. 

Calgary    District,    No.    3,    Alberta    Association    of 
Registered    Nurses 

Chairman,  Miss  Kathleen  Connor,  Central 
Alberta  Sanatorium;  Vice-Chairman,  Miss  M. 
Deane-Freeman ;  Secretary,  Miss  M.  Richards, 
Holy  Cross  Hospital,  Calgary;  Treasurer,  Miss 
M.  Watt;  Conveners  of  Sections:  Hospital  & 
School  of  Nursing,  Miss  J.  Connal;  Public 
Health,  Miss  A.  Dick;  General  Nursing,  Miss 
G.   Thorne. 

Medicine    Hat   District,   No.    4,    Alberta    Association 
of    Registered    Nurses 

Pres.,  Miss  C.  E.  Mary  Rowles,  M.H.  General 
Hospital;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Hagerman, 
Y.W.C.A.;  Sec.-Treas.  Miss  M.M.  Webster,  558 
Fourth  St.;  Entertainment  Committee:  Miss- 
Green,  Miss  Weeks,  Mrs.  D.  Fawcett;  Convener 
&  Treas.  of  Social  Service  Dept.,  Mrs.  G.  Crock- 
ford;  Representatives  to:  Red  Cross:  Misses  J. 
Lus,  E.  Sengh;  War  Council,  Miss  L.  Green. 

Edmonton    District,    No.    7,    Alberta    Association    of 
Registered   Nurses 

Chairman,  Miss  I.  Johnson;  First  Vice-Chair- 
man, Mrs.  O.  Porritt;  Sec.  Vice-Chairman,  Rev. 
Sr.  Clotilda;  Sec.  Miss  G.  Bamforth.  Royal 
Alexandra  Hospital,  Edmonton;  Treas.,  Miss  V 
Leadlay;  Committee  Conveners:  Program,  Miss 
H.  McArthur;  Membership,  Miss  Lindsay;  Reps. 
to:  Local  Council  of  Women,  Miss  V.  Chap- 
man;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  G.  Vicars. 

Lethbridge    District,    No.    8,    Alberta    Association    of 
Registered    Nurses 

Chairman,  Miss  Jean  MacKenzie,  1120  Sixth 
Avenue,  South,  Lethbridge;  Vice-Chairman.  Miss 
Ann  Kostuik;  Secretary,  Miss  Marjorie  Bair, 
Gait  Hospital.  Lethbridge;  Treasurer,  Miss  Ruth 
Hooper. 

BRITISH   COLUMBIA 

Registered    Nurses    Association    of    British    Columbia 

Pres.,  Miss  M.  Duffield.  1675-lOth  Ave.  W., 
Vancouver;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  E.  Kerr; 
Sec.    Vice-Pres.,    Miss    G.    M.    Fairley;    Sec,    Miss 


P.  Capelle,  Rm.  715.  Vancouver  Block,  Van- 
couver; Registrar,  Miss  Evelyn  Mallory,  Rm. 
715,  Vancouver  Block,  Vancouver;  Ccmncillors: 
•Miss  E.  Clark,  Miss  L.  Creelman,  Sr.  Colum- 
kille,  Sr.  M.  Gregory,  Miss  F.  H.  Walker;  Con- 
veners of  Sections:  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing, 
Miss  F.  McQuarrie.  Vancouver  General  Hospital; 
Public  Health,  Miss  F.  Innes,  1922  Adanac  St. 
Vancouver;  General  Nursing,  Mrs.  E.  B.  Thom- 
son, 1095  W.  14th  Ave.,  Vancouver;  Press,  Miss 
M.    E.    Macdonell,    2570    Spruce    St.,    Vancouver. 

MANITOBA 

Manitoba  Association  of  Registered  Nurses 
Pres.,  Mrs.  A.  C.  McFetridge,  418  Campbell 
St.  Winnipeg;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  E.  McNally, 
Brandon  General  Hospital;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss 
I.  McDiarmid,  363  Langside  St.,  Winnipeg; 
Board  Members:  Miss  L.  Stewart,  168  Chest- 
nut St.  Winnipeg;  Miss  H.  Coram,  172  Chest- 
nut St.  Winnipeg;  Miss  P.  Hart,  320  Sherbrooke 
St.,  Winnipeg;  Miss  C.  Lynch,  Winnipeg  General 
Hospital ;  Miss  L.  Nordquist,  Carman  General 
Haspital ;  Miss  A.  McKee,  604  Medical  Arts 
Bldg.,  Winnipeg;  Mrs.  F.  Wagner,  Grace  Hos- 
pital, Winnipeg;  Miss  A.  O'Brien,  Souris  &  Glen- 
wood  Memorial  Hospital ;  Rev.  Sister  Clermont, 
St.  Boniface  Hospital;  Conveners  of  Sections: 
Hospital  &  School  of  Nursitig,  Miss  D.  Ditchfield, 
Children's  Hospital,  Winnipeg;  Public  Health, 
Miss  E.  Rowlett,  125  Nassau  St.  Winnipeg; 
General  Nursing,  Miss  E.  Campbell,  778  Inger- 
soll  St.,  Winnipeg;  Committee  Conveners:  Instruc- 
tors Group,  Miss  A.  Carpenter,  Children's  Hos- 
pital, Winnipeg;  Social,  Mrs.  W.  S.  McElheran, 
iMi9  Dominion  St.,  Winnipeg;  Legislative,  Miss 
E.  Wilson,  668  Bannatyne  Ave.,  Winnipeg; 
Membership,  Miss  D.  Earle,  Victoria  Hospital 
Winnipeg;  F.N.M.  Loan  Fund,  Miss  Z.  Beattie, 
St.  Boniface  Hospital;  Directory,  Miss  Besant, 
Victoria  Hospital,  Winnipeg;  British  Nurses  Re- 
lief Fund,  Mrs.  T.  Hulme,  20  Waldron  Apts. 
Winnipeg;  Visiting,  Mrs.  W.  Hryhorchuk,  Grace 
Hospital,  Winnipeg;  Representatives  to:  Council 
of  Social  Agencies,  Miss  F.  Robertson,  753  Wolse- 
ley  Ave.,  Winnipeg;  Red  Cross,  Miss  C.  Maddin 
187  Kennedy  St.,  Winnipeg;  The  Canadian  Nurse, 
Miss  L.  Stewart,  168  Chestnut  St.,  Winnipeg; 
Local  Council  of  Women,  Mrs.  B.  Moffatt,  1183 
Dorchester  Ave.,  Winnipeg. 

NEW   BRUNSWICK 

New  Brunswick  Association  of  Registered  Nurse* 
Pres..  Sister  Kerr,  Hotel  Dieu  Hospital, 
Campbellton;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  A.  J.  Mac- 
Master;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  L.  Smith;  Hon. 
Sec,  Miss  L.  Bartscli;  Councillors:  Mrs.  G.  E. 
van  Dorsser,  Saint  John ;  Miss  D.  Parsons, 
Fredericton;  Sister  Anne  de  Parede,  Moncton; 
Miss  B.  M.  Hadrill,  Newcastle;  Miss  L.  Bartsch, 
Saint  John;  Misses  R.  Follis.  M.  McMullen,  St 
Stephen;  Miss  E.  M.  Tulloch.  Woodstock;  Sec- 
Treas.-Registrar,  Miss  Alma  Law.  Health  Cen- 
tre, Saint  John;  Conveners  of  Sections:  Hospital 
&  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  M.  Myers;  General 
Nursing,  Miss  M.  Kay:  Public  Health,  Miss  A. 
A.  Burns;  Conveners  of  Committees:  Legislation, 
Miss  B.  L.  Gregory;  Instruction,  Miss  Boyd,  St. 
Stephen ;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  H.  Cahill. 

NOVA   SCOTIA 

Registered    Nurses    Association    of    Nova    Sroi<« 

Pres..  Miss  Marjorie  Jenkins,  Children's  Hos- 
pital. Halifax;  First  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  D.  J.  Gillls, 
Windsor  Jet.;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  J.  Watklns, 
63  Henn'  St..  Halifax;  Third  Vice-Pres..  Misa  A. 
E.  Fenton,  Dalhousie  P.  H.  Clinic.  Halifax;  Rec, 
Sec.  Mrs.  C.  W.  Bennett,  98  Edward  St..  Ha- 
lifax:  Registrar-Treasurer-Corresponding  Secretm- 


512 


OFFICIAL    DIRECTORY 


513 


ry.  Miss  Jean  C.  Dunning.  413  Dennis  Bldg.,  Hali- 
fax: Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Surse,  Miss  Flora 
Anderson,   General    Hospital,   Glace   Bay. 


ONTARIO 

Registered    Nurses    Association    of    Ontario 

Pres..  Miss  Mildred  I.  Walker;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  J.  Masten ;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  B. 
Anderson ;  Sec.-Treas..  Miss  Matilda  E.  Fitz- 
grerald,  Rm.  630,  86  Bloor  St.  W..  Toronto;  Chair- 
men of  Sections:  Hosp-tal  &  School  of  Nursing, 
Miss  L.  D.  Acton,  Kingston  General  Hospital; 
General  Nursing,  ^^iss  D.  Ogilvie.  34  Gilchrist 
Ave..  Ottawa;  Public  Health,  Miss  W.  Ashplant, 
807  Waterloo  St.,  London;  Chairmen  of  Districts: 
Mrs.  C.  Salmon.  Miss  M.  Bliss  Miss  M.  Buchan- 
an, Miss  K.  McNamara.  Miss  I.  Slrnw,  Miss  M. 
Crawford,  Miss  M.  Stewart,  Miss  J.  Smith,  Miss 
M.  Buss. 

District    1 

Chairman,  Mrs.  C.  I.  Salmon;  First  Vice- 
Chairman,  Major  D.  Barr;  Sec. — Treas.,  Miss 
A.  Kenny.  Aberdeen  Hotel.  Chatham:  Coun- 
cillors: Misses  Stewart,  Wightman,  Rathwell, 
Shaw,  Perrin,  Gray,  Mrs.  Wilson;  Conveners: 
Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  P.  Camp- 
bell: Qpneral  Nursing,  Miss  H.  O'Mahoney; 
Public  Health.  Miss  M.  x\rmstrong;  Enrolment, 
Miss  D.  Birrell. 

Districts   2   and   3 

Chairman.  Miss  M.  F.  Bliss:  First  Vice-Chair- 
man,  Mrs.  K.  Cowie;  Sec.-Treas.,  Miss  H.  D. 
Muir.  Brantford  General  Hospital;  Councillors: 
Misses  E.  Eby,  F.  McKenzie.  C.  Attwood,  M. 
Grieve.  L.  Trusdale,  G.  Westbrook;  Section  Con- 
veners: General  Nursing,  Miss  E.  Clark;  Hos- 
pital &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  J.  Watson; 
Public  Health,  Miss   M.   Hackett. 

District    4 

Chairman,  Miss  M.  Buchanan :  First  Vice- 
Chairman,  Miss  E.  Ewart ;  Sec.  Vice-Chairman, 
Miss  A.  Scheifele;  Sec.-Treas.,  Miss  G.  Coul- 
thart.  192  Wellington  St.  \.,  Hamilton;  Cottn- 
cillws:  Sister  Mary  Grace,  Misses  Brewster, 
Cameron.  Wright.  Mrs.  Day,  N/S  Boyd:  Con- 
veners: Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Sr.  Eileen; 
Public  Health.  Miss  H.  Snedden ;  General  Nurs- 
ing Miss  S.  Murray;  Emergency  Nursing,  Mrs. 
A.  Haygarth. 

District   5 

Chairman,  Miss  K.  McNamara;  First  Vice- 
Chairman,  Miss  P.  Morrison:  Sec.-Treas.,  Mrs.  G. 
L.  Williamson  24  Drake  Cres.,  Scarboro  Bluffs; 
Councillors:  Misses  I.  Weirs,  G.  Jones,  J.  Mit- 
chell, E.  Grant,  R.  Russell,  A.  Reddon :  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  General  Nursing,  Miss  M. 
Hughes;  Public  Health,  Miss  L.  Pettigrew:  Hos- 
pital &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  B.  MacPhedran. 

District    6 

Chairman,  Miss  I.  Shaw:  First  Vice-Chairman, 
Miss  M.  McKenzie:  Sec.  Viee-Chairman,  Miss  E. 
Covert:  Third  Vice-Chairman.  Miss  E.  Wright; 
Sec.-Treas..  Miss  V.  Taylor.  General  Hospital.  Co- 
bourg:  Conveners:  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing, 
Miss  E.  Young;  General  Nursing,  Mrs.  E.  Brack- 
enri.'ge;  Public  Health,  Miss  H.  McGeari-:  Mem- 
bership, Miss  N.  Brown ;  Enrolment,  Miss  E. 
Meeks;   Finance,  Mi.ss  F.   Fitzgerald. 

District   7 

Chairman.  Miss  M.  Crawford;  Vice-Chairman, 
Miss  E.  Ardill;  Sec.-Treas.,  Miss  E.  Sharp,  King- 
ston General  Hospital:  Councillors:  Misses  E. 
Freeman.  V.  Manders.  Hanna.  E.  Moffatt,  Ga- 
van.    Rev.    Sr.    Donovan;    Conveners:    Hospital   & 


School  of  Nursing,  Miss  L.  Acton;  General 
Nursing,  Miss  E.  MacLean ;  Public  Health,  Miss 
D.  Storms;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss 
B.   Coulter. 

District    8 

Chairman,  Miss  M.  Stewart;  First  Vice-Chair- 
man, Rev.  Sr.  M.  Evangeline;  Sec.  Vice-Chair- 
man, Miss  P.  Walker;  Sec.-Treas.,  Miss  J.  Stock, 
390  Chapel  St.,  Ottawa;  Councillors:  Misses  I. 
Allen,  L.  Brule.  W.  Cooke.  V.  Foran,  M.  Lowry, 
H.  O'Meara;  Conveners:  Hospital  &  School  of 
Nursing,  Rev.  Sr.  St.  Godfrey;  Public  Health, 
Miss  C.  Livingston;  General  Nursing,  Miss  F. 
Nevins;  Pembroke  Chapter,  Mrs.  B.  Kipke:  Co7-n- 
wall  Chapter,  Miss  M.  McWhinnie;  Rep.  to  The 
Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  H.  Tanner. 

District    9 

Chairman.  Miss  J.  Smith.  Gravenhurst;  First 
Vice-Chairman.  Miss  K.  MacKenzie,  North  Bay; 
Sec.  Vice-Chairman,  Miss  A.  McGregor.  Sault 
Ste.  Marie;  Sec,  Miss  F.  Geddis.  Plummer 
Memorial  Hospital.  Sault  Ste.  Marie;  Treas., 
Miss  R.  Buchanan,  Sanitarium  P.  0.;  Conveners: 
Public  Health,  Miss  H.  E.  Smith,  New  Liskeard; 
Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  A.  Riordan, 
Sudbury;  General  Nursing,  Mrs.  E.  Sheridan. 
Sudbury;  The  Canadian  Nurse.  Sr.  Teresa  of 
the   Sacred    Heart,   Sault   Ste.   Marie. 

District    10 

Chairman,  Miss  M.  Buss,  The  Sanatorium,  Fort 
William:  V'ice-Chairman,  Miss  B.  Roberts:  Sec.- 
Treas.,  Miss  D.  Chedister,  General  Hospital,  Port 
Arthur;  Councillor,  Miss  A.  Baillie;  Committee 
Conveners:  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss 
M.  Flanagan ;  Public  Health,  Miss  E.  Newson ; 
General  Nursiiig,  Miss  I  Morrison;  Program  Com- 
mittee:   Misses    V.    Lovelace,    H.    MacNaughton. 

PRINCE    EDWARD    ISLAND 

Prince  Edward  Island  Registered  Nurses 
Association 
Pres.,  Miss  Katharine  MacLennan.  Provincial 
Sanatorium,  Charlottetown ;  Vice-Pres..  Miss  Ma- 
ry Devereaux,  New  Haven :  Sec.  Miss  Anna 
Mair.  P.E.I.  Hospital.  Charlottetown;  Treas.  & 
Registrar,  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Slagdalen,  Charlottetown 
Hospital;  Chairmen  of  Sections:  Hospital  6c 
School  of  Nursing,  Miss  Georgie  Brown,  Prince 
Co.  Hospital,  Summerside;  General  Nursing,  Miss 
Dorothy  Hennessey,  Charlottetown  Hospital, 
Charlottetown :  Public  Health,  Miss  Margaret 
Darling,    Alberton. 

QUEBEC 

Association  of  Registered  Nurses  of  the  Province 
of  Quebec  (Incorporated,  1920) 
President.  Miss  Eileen  C.  Flanagan;  Vice- 
President  (English),  Miss  Mabel  K.  Holt;  Vice- 
President  (French),  Rev.  Soeur  Valerie  de  la 
Sagesse:  Honourary  Secretary.  Mile  Alice  Al- 
bert; Honourary  Treasurer.  Miss  Fanny  Mun- 
roe :  Members  u-ithont  Office:  Misses  Marion 
Nash.  Man"  Ritchie,  Miles  Roy.  Martineau,  Beau- 
mier;  Advisory  Board:  Misses  Jean  S.  Wilson, 
.Margaret  L.  Moag.  Catherine  M.  Ferguson, 
Marion  Lindeburgh.  Miles  Anysie  Deland. 
.Maria  Beaumier.  Edna  Lynch:  Coiweners  of 
Sections:  General  Nursing  (English),  To  be 
appointed;  General  Nursing  (French),  Mile 
Anne-Marie  Roliert,  5484-A  rue  St.  Denis, 
Montreal:  Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing  (Eng- 
lish), Miss  Martha  Batson.  Montreal  General 
Hospital ;  Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing 
(French).  Rev.  Soeur  Mance  Decary,  Hopital  No- 
tre-Dame.  Montreal:  Public  Health  (English), 
Miss  Kathleen  Dickson.  Royal  Edward  Institute, 
Montreal:  Public  Health  (French).  Mile  Annon- 
ciade  Martineau.  1031  rue  St.  Denis.  Apt.  6. 
Montrenl:  Board  of  Eniminers:  Miss  Nfary 
Mathewson  (convener).  Misses  Norena  S.  Mac- 
kenzie, Madeleine  Flander,  Miles  Alexina  Mar- 
onessault.    .\nvsie    Deland.   Suzanne   (iironx:    Exc 


514 


THE   CANADIAN    NURSE 


cutive  Secretary,  Registrar,  and  Official  School 
Visitor,  Miss  E.  Frances  Upton,  Room  1019,  Me- 
dical Arts  Bldg..  1588  Sherbrooke  St.  West, 
Montreal. 

SASKATCHEWAN 

Saskatchewan  Registered  Nurses  Association 
(Incorporated  1917) 
Pres.,  Miss  M.  R.  Diederichs,  Regina  Grey  Nuns' 
Hospital;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  M.  E.  Ingham, 
Moose  Jaw  General  Hospital ;  Sec.  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  E.  R.  Pearston,  Melfort;  Councillors: 
Miss  M.  E.  Grant,  922-9th  Ave.  N".,  Saskatoon; 
Rev.  Sister  Hiklegarde,  St.  Elizabeth's  Hospital, 
Humboldt:  Chairmen  of  Sections:  General 
Xursino,  Miss  M.  R.  Chisholm,  805-7th  Ave.  N., 
Saskatoon:  Hospiial  &  School  of  Xursing,  Rev. 
Sister  Mandin,  St.  Paul's  Hospital,  Saskatoon; 
Public  Health,  Miss  Gladys  McDonald.  6  Mayfair 


Apts..  Regina;  Secretary-Treasurer.  Registrar 
and  Advisor,  Schools  for  Nurses,  Miss  K.  W. 
Ellis,    University   of    Saskatchewan,    Saskatoon. 

Regina    Registered    Nurses    Association 

Hon.  Pres.  Sister  Tougas;  Pres.,  Miss  M. 
McRae:  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  D.  Lewis;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.  Mrs.  Storey;  Sec,  Mrs.  M.  Stocker, 
22  Qu'Appelle  Apts.;  Ass. -Sec,  Miss  V.  Kiesel; 
Treas.  &  Registrar.  Mrs.  H.  Regan;  Conveners: 
Registrij,  Miss  Grad;  Program:  Misses  Sharp, 
Blackwood;  Membership:  Miss  McLaughlin,  Mrs. 
Racette;  Social,  Misses  Wilkins.  Brown;  Ceneral 
Nursing,  Miss  Siasons: Hospital  Si  School  of  Nur- 
sing, Miss  Thompson ;  Public  Health  Miss  Riley; 
Finance,  Mrs.  Deverell:  War  Services,  Miss  Spel- 
liscy;  Sick  Nurses,  Misses  Tumbull,  Martin;  The 
Canadian   Nurse,  Miss  Winning. 


Alumnae  Associations 


ALBERTA 

A. A.,    Calgary    General    Hospital,    Calgary 

Hon.  Pres.,  Misses  S.  Maddonald,  A.  Hebert; 
Hon.  Members:  Misses  M.  Moodie,  J.  Murphy,  A. 
Casey ;  Pres.  Mrs.  A.  Warrington ;  First  Vice- 
Pres..  Mrs.  G.  McPherson ;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs. 
T.  Ellis;  Rec  Sec,  Mrs.  J.  Mclntyre;  Corr. 
Sec,  Miss  J.  Gumming,  238  Crescent  Rd.;  Treas., 
Mrs.  B.  Charles;  Membership,  Mrs.  A.  Wilson; 
Press,  Miss  C.  Rose. 

A. A.,    Holy    Cross    Hospital,    Calgary 

President,  Mrs.  Cyril  Holloway;  First  Vice- 
President,  Mrs.  D.  Overand;  Second  Vice-Presi- 
dent. Mi.ss  L.  Aiken;  Recording  Secretarj',  Mrs. 
B.  McAdam;  Corresponding  Secretary,  Mrs.  J. 
E.  Hood,  211  Anderson  Apts.;  Treasurer,  Mrs. 
E.   Bragg. 

A.A.,  Edmonton.  General  Hospital,  Edmonton 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sr.  M.  O'Grady,  Sr.  F.  Neuhausel; 
Pres.,  Miss  E.  Bietsch;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  R. 
Price;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  J.  Slavik,  E.G.H.;  Rec. 
Sec,  Miss  A.  Strochinski;  Treas.,  Miss  E. 
Wallsmith;  Private  Duty,  Miss  M.  Hozak;  Visit- 
ing Committee:  Misses  Nelson,  Deschatelets ; 
Standing  Committee:  Misses  Kuntz,  Beaton, 
Barden,   Ryan,   Mrs.   Lowing. 

A. A.,    Royal   Alexandra   Hospital,   Edmonton 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  M.  Eraser;  Pres.,  Miss 
Einarson;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  I.  Johnson; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  R.  Boyd;  Rec.  Sec,  Mrs. 
M.  Hall;  Corr.  Sec,  Mrs.  W.  White,  R.A.H.; 
Treas.,  Miss  F.  Toby;  Committee  Conveners: 
Program,  Mrs.  J.  White;  Visiting,  Miss  T. 
Holm ;  Social,  Miss  K.  Dunlop ;  News  Letter, 
Miss  A.  Piercy;  Benefit,  Miss  I.  Johnson; 
Scholarship,  Miss  G.  AUyn;  Executive:  Miss  A. 
Anderson,  Mmes  J.   F.  Thompson,  P.  Baker. 

A.A.,    University     of     Alberta     Hospital,     Edmonton 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  Helen  S.  Peters;  Pres.,  Miss 
G.  Vickers;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  A.  Whybrow;  Rec 
Sec.  Miss  D.  Russell;  Corr.  Sec.  Mrs.  N.  Alexan- 
der. Il045-82nd  Ave.:  Treas.  Miss  M.  Baxter; 
Social  Convener.  Mrs.  F.  Beddome;  Rep.  to  Press, 
Mrs.  N.  Pouri.i:  Executive  Committee:  Misses  M. 
Strachan,    A.    Revell,    B.    Sloane. 

A. A.,    Lamont   Public   Hospital,    Lamont 

Honourarv  President,  Miss  F.  E.  Welsh.  Gode- 
rich,  Ont.:  President.  Mrs.  R.  H.  Shears;  First 
Vice-President.  Mrs.  G.  Archer;  Second  Vice- 
President,    Mrs.     G.     Harrolld;     Secretary-Treas- 


urer. Mrs.  B.  I.  Love.  Elk  Island.  National  Park, 
Lamont;  News  Editor,  Mrs.  Peterson.  Hardisty; 
Convener,  Social  Committee,  Miss   Ada  Sandell. 

A.A.,    Vegreville     General     Hospital,     Vegrevilla 

Hon.  President.  Sister  Anna  Keohane;  Hon. 
Vice-President.  Sister  J.  Boisseau;  President, 
Mrs.  Stanley  Walker,  Vegreville;  Vice-President. 
Mrs.  Rennie  Landry,  Vegreville;  Secretary- 
Treasurer,  Miss  Annie  Askin,  Box  213,  Vegre- 
ville;   Visiting   Committee    (chosen    monthly). 


BRITISH  COLUMBIA 

A. A.,    St.    Paul's    Hospital,    Vancouver 

Hon.  Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Phillipe;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Columbkille;  Pres.,  Miss  J. 
Mitchell;  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  F.  Engby;  Sec,  Miss 
B.  Falk,  3776-33  Ave.  W;  Treas.,  Miss  E.  Atter- 
bine ;  Registrar,  Miss  Stewart ;  Committee  Con- 
veners: Social,  Miss  Walters;  Program,  Miss  M. 
Bell;  Visiting,  Miss  McCauley;  Mutual  Benefit, 
Miss  McGee;  Press,  Miss  N.  Johnson;  Rep.  to 
The   Canadian  Nurse,   Miss  C.   Bryant. 

A. A..    Vancouver  General    Hospital,   Vancouver 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  G.  Fairley;  Pres.,  Miss  F. 
Innes;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  L.  Creelman;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  A.  Grundy;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  N. 
Cunningham;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  L.  Lore,  1589  E. 
Broadway;  Treas.,  Mrs.  F.  L.  Faulkner;  Comr 
mittee  Cont^eners:  Mutual  Benefit,  Miss  M.  Ed- 
wards; Visiting,  Mrs.  M.  Appleby;  SocicU,  Mrs. 
G.  E.  Gillies;  Membership.  Miss  W.  Neen;  Re- 
freshment, Miss  S.  McDiarmid;  Program,  Mrs. 
R.  Stevens;  Rep.  to  Press,  Miss  M.  McdonnelL 

A. A.,    Royal    Jubilee    Hospital,    Victoria 

President,  Mrs.  D.  J.  Hunter;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Mrs.  D.  MacLoud;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  R.  Kirk- 
endale;  Sec,  Mrs.  J.  A.  McCague,  1046  View  St. 
W..  No.  6;  Assist.  Sec.  Miss  M.  Bawden ;  Treas., 
Mrs.  Jack  Boorman.  2957  Foul  Bay  Rd. ;  Com^ 
mittee  Conveners:  Visiting.  Mrs.  F.  Hall;  Mem- 
bership, Mrs.  J.  Boorman;  Rep.  to  Press,  Miss 
D.  Van. 

A. A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    Victoria 

Hon.  Pres..  Sr.  M.  Kathleen;  Hon.  Vice-Pres.. 
Sr.  M.  Gregory;  Pres.,  Mrs.  G.  Rose;  Vice- 
Pres..  Mrs.  J.  Grant;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  J. 
Welch;  Rec.  Sec,  Mrs.  J.  Stokes;  Corr.  Sec, 
Miss  G.  Wahl.  St.  Joseph's  Hospital;  Treas., 
Miss  M.  Murphy;  Press,  Miss  J.  Cooney;  Coun^ 
Cillers:  Mmes  RIdewood,  Bryant,  Sinclair,  Lewis; 
Vital   Statistics,    Miss   Cruickshank. 


OFFICIAL    DIRECTORY 


515 


MANITOBA 

A.A.,  St.  Boniface   Hospiul,  St.   Boniface 

Hon.  Pres..  Rev.  Sr.  Superior;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Mrs.  W.  Crosby;  Pres.,  Mrs.  W.  McEl- 
heran;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  S.  Wright;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres..  Miss  W.  Grice:  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  H. 
Fairbaim;  Corr,  Sec.  Miss  D.  Webster,  181 
River  Ave..  Winnipeg;  Treas..  Miss  H.  Oliver; 
Archivist,  Miss  Margason;  Advisory  Committee: 
Miss  MacCallum,  Mmes  McElheran.  Greville. 
Groelle.  L'Eucyer.  Rev.  Sr.  Superior;  Conveners: 
Visiting,  Miss  Johnson;  Social  &  Program,  Miss 
Rungay;  Membership,  Miss  Vandecar;  Reps,  to 
The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Watson;  M.A.R.N., 
Miss  Troendle;  Man.  Directory,  Mrs.  Shinmow- 
slci;   Local  Council  of  Women,   Mrs.   Shankman. 


A. A.,    Children'*    Hospital,    Winnipeg 

Pres.,  Mrs.  W.  Stewart;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss 
M.  Perley;  Rec  Sec,  Miss  E.  Hyndman;  Corr. 
Sec,  Miss  E.  Young,  91  Home  St.;  Treas..  Miss 
B.  Thain,  21  Stratford  Hall;  Conveners:  Program, 
Miss  M.  Smith;  Ways  &  Means.  Mrs.  H.  Moore; 
Visiting  &  Red  Cross,  Mrs.  Campbell;  Member- 
ship, Miss  R.  Hutton;  Sews  Editor,  Mrs.  G.  Jack. 


A. A.,    Winnipeg    General    Hospital,    Winnipeg 

Hon.  Pres.,  Mrs.  A.  W.  Moody:  Pres..  Miss 
C.  Lethbridge;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  K.  Mc- 
Learn ;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.  Miss  E.  Wilson;  Third 
Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  S.  Ward;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  J. 
Smith:  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  A.  Roliertson,  112 
Royal  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  F.  Stratton ;  Committee 
Convene)-s:  Program.  Mrs.  C.  Kershaw;  Member- 
ship, Miss  A.  Porter;  Visiting,  Miss  G.  Mc- 
Keevor;  Journal,  Mrs.  S.  G.  Horner:  Archivist, 
Miss  M.  Stewart;  Jubilee,  Miss  P.  Bonnar;  Rep.<t. 
to:  School  of  Xursing  Committee,  Miss  G.  Hall; 
The  Canfidian  yiirse.  Miss  H.  Smith:  Doctors  & 
Niiraes  Directory,  Miss  A.  Howard:  Local  Council 
of  Women;  Mmes  Thomas.  Randall;  Council  of 
Social  Agencies,  Mrs.    A.    Speirs. 


NEW   BRUNSWICK 


A. A.,    Halifax    Infirmary,    Halifax 

Pres..  Miss  Dorothy  Turner;  Vice-Pres..  Miss 
Rita  Maclnnes;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  Elisabeth  Mac- 
Dougall;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  Loretta  Pertus,  111V4 
.Morris  St.;  Treas..  Miss  Gertrude  Shortall; 
Committee  Conveners:  Visiting,  Miss  Eisen- 
hauer:  Entertainment,  Miss  Mary  Ready;  Press, 
Miss  Margaret  Grant:  Librarian,  Miss  Shofer; 
Nominating,  Mrs.  Power. 


A. A.,     Victoria     General     Hospital,     Halifax 

Pres..  Miss  Agnes  Cox.  Tuberculosis  Hospi- 
tal: Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  E.  MacQuade;  Sec.  Miss 
Grace  Porter,  267  South  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  Helen 
Joncas,  Victoria  General  Hospital;  Committee 
Conveners:  Entertainment,  Misses  M.  Ripley,  A. 
Power;  Refreshments,  Mrs.  Cullen.  Miss  Ger- 
ralse;  Visiting/,  Misses  G.  Byers.  H.  Watson; 
Private    Duty,    Miss    Isobel    Macintosh. 


ONTARIO 


A. A.,     Belleville     General     Hospital,     Belleville 

Pres.,  Miss  D.  Williams;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss 
\.  DiCola;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Peacock; 
Sec.  Miss  Edna  Sullivan.  General  Hospital; 
Treas..  Miss  M.  Leury;  Registrar.  Miss  M.  Dun- 
can; Committee  Conveners:  Flowers,  Miss  D. 
Hogle:  Social.  Miss  D.  Warren;  Program,  Ml.ss 
.M.  Fitzgerald :  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse  tt 
Press.    Miss   M.   Plumton. 


A. A.,      Brantford      General      Hospital,      Brantfotd 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  E.  McKee;  Pres.,  Mrs.  S. 
Barber;  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  A.  Grierson;  Sec,  Miss 
I.  Feely,  General  Hospital ;  Treas.,  Miss  J.  Rou- 
sell;  Committee  Conveners:  Social,  Mrs.  G. 
Thompson,  Miss  M.  Robertson;  Flower,  Misses  N. 
yardley,  R.  Moffat:  Gift,  Misses  K.  Charnley,  H. 
Muir;  Reps,  to:  The  Canadian  Nurse  &  Press, 
Miss  M.  Copeland;  Private  Duty  Section,  Miss  E. 
Scott:  Local  Council  of  Women,  Mmes  W.  Rid- 
dtdls.  A-  Mlzon,  R.  Smith;  Red  Cross,  Miss  E. 
Lewis. 


A.A.,  Saint  John  General   Hospital,  Saint  John 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  J.  Mitchell;  Pres.,  Miss 
G.  Brown:  First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  H.  L.  Ellis; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  S.  Hartley;  Sec.  Miss  F. 
Congdon,  S.J.G.H.;  Treas..  Miss  H.  Tracy, 
S.J.G.H. :  Assist.  Treas..  Miss  R.  Wilson;  Exe- 
cutive :  Misses  M.  Murdoch.  P.  White,  B.  Bain, 
Mrs.  J.  Wilson. 

A.A.,   L.    P.    Fisher   Memorial    Hospital,    Woodstock 

President,  Mrs.  Hebec  Inghram ;  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Mrs.  Wenciall  Slipp,  Chapel  Street;  Se- 
cretarj'.  Mrs.  Arthur  Peabody;  Treasurer,  Miss 
Nellie  Wallace;  Executive  Committee:  Miss  Mar- 
garet Parker,  Miss  Evelyn  Briggs.  Miss  Mabel 
Howe. 


NOVA    SCOTIA 


A. A.,    Brockvtlle    General    Hospital,    Brockville 

Hon.  Presidents,  Misses  A.  Shannette.  E. 
Moffatt;  Pres..  Mrs.  M.  White;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Mrs.  W.  Cooke;  Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  L.  Merkley; 
Sec,  Miss  H.  Corbett.  127  Pearl  St.  E. :  Asa. 
Sec,  Mrs.  E.  Finlay;  Treas.,  Mrs.  H.  Van  Dusen; 
Committee  Conveners:  Social,  Mrs.  H.  Green; 
Flower,  Miss  Kendrick;  Program,  Mrs.  Derry; 
Rep.   to   The  Canadian   N\trse,   Miss   Corbett. 

A. A.,  Public  General  Hospital,  Chatham 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  P.  Campbell:  Pres..  Miss  L. 
Hastings;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  F.  Armstrong: 
Rec.  Sec.  Miss  V.  Carnes:  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  M. 
Gilbert.  104  Harvey  St.:  Treas..  Miss  J.  Rickard; 
Committees:  Flowers:  Miss  Malott:  Social:  Miss 
Purcell.  Mrs.  Goldrick;  Refreshments:  Mrs. 
Bourne,  Miss  Houston;  Councillors:  Misses  Head. 
Dyer.  Baird.  McN'aughton :  Reps,  to  Press:  Miss 
Patterson ;  The  Canadian  Nurse :  Miss  L.  Smyth. 


A. A.,     Glace     Bay    General     Hospital,     Glace     Bay 

Pres.,  Mrs.  F.  MacKinnion;  First  Vice-Pre«„ 
Mrs.  W.  MacPherson:  Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Mrs. 
H.  Spencer;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  B.  MacKenzie:  Corr. 
Sec.  Miss  F.  Anderson,  General  Hospital; 
Treas..  Miss  W.  MacLeod;  Committee  Convenert: 
Executive,  Miss  C.  Roney;  Visiting,  Mrs.  G. 
Turner;    Finance,    Miss    A.    Beaton. 


A. A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    Chatham 

Hon.  Pres..  Mother  M.  Pascal:  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Sister  M.  St.  .\nthony;  President.  Miss 
Hazel  Gray;  First  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  A.  E.  Ro- 
berts: Sec  Vice-Pres..  Miss  May  Boyle;  Secre- 
tarj'-Treasurer.  Miss  Marj'-Clare  Zink,  i  Roljert- 
son  Ave.;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  Anne  Kenny;  Repre- 
sentative to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Ursula 
O'N'eill. 


516 


THE   CANADIAN    NURSE 


A. A.,    Cornwall    General    Hospital,    Cornwall 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  H.  C.  Wilson;  Pres.,  Mrs.  M. 
Quail;  First  Vice  Pres.,  Mrs.  F.  Gunther;  Sec. 
V'ice-Pres.,  Mrs.  E.  Wagoner;  Sec.-Treas.,  Miss 
E.  Allen,  4-3rcl  St.  E. ;  Committee  Conveners: 
Program  &  Social  Finance:  Misses  Summers 
Sharpe;  Flower,  Miss  E.  Mclntyre;  Membership. 
Miss  G.  Rowe;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss 
J.    McBain. 

A. A.,     Gait     Hospital,     Gall 

President.  Mrs.  E.  D.  Scott ;  Vice-President, 
Miss  Hazel  Blagden ;  Secretary.  Mrs.  A.  Bond, 
General  Hospital;  Treasurer,  Mrs.  W.  Bell;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  Social,  Miss  Claire  Murphy; 
Flower,  Miss  L.  MacNair;  Press,  Mrs.  J.  M. 
Byrne. 


A. A.,    Guelph    General    Hospital,    Guelph 

Honourary  President.  Miss  S.  A.  Campbell; 
President.  Miss  L.  Ferguson;  First  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Mrs.  F.  C.  McLeod;  Secretary.  Miss  Mary 
R.  Upward.  General  Hospital;  Treasurer,  Miss 
A.    Armstrong. 

A. A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    Guelph 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sr.  M.  Augustine;  Hon.  Vice-Pres., 
Sr.  M.  Dominica;  Pres.,  Miss  Doris  Milton;  Vice- 
Pres.,  Miss  Eva  Murphy;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss  Hen- 
rietta McGillivary;  Corr.  Sec  Miss  Mary  Heffer- 
nan,  121  Duflin  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  Hazel  Harding; 
Social  Convener,  Miss  Marian  Meagher;  Rep. 
to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  M.  Heffeman. 

A. A.,   Hamilton  General   Hospital,   Hamilton 

Hon.  President,  Miss  C.  E.  Brewster;  Presi 
dent.  Miss  M.  0.  Watson ;  First  Vice-President 
Miss  M.  Watt;  Second  Vice-President,  Miss  N 
Coles;  Recording  Secretary,  Mrs.  H.  Roy;  Cor 
responding  Secretary,  Miss  E.  Ferguson,  Ha 
milton  General  Hospital;  Treasurer,  Mrs.  W 
N.  Paterson.  114  Traymore  St.;  Secretary-Treas 
urpr.  Mutual  Benefit  Association,  Miss  H.  Sa 
bine.  1.32  Ontario  Ave.;  Committee  Conveners 
Executive,  Miss  E.  Bingeman :  Social.  Miss  H.  G 
McCulloch;  Flowers,  Miss  G.  Servos;  Budget 
Mrs.   H.   Roy. 

A. A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospital.    Hamilton 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sr.  M.  Alphonsa;  Hon.  Vice-Pres. 
Sr.  M.  Grace;  Pres.,  Miss  Iva  Loyst;  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  G.  Neal ;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss  F.  Nicholson ; 
Corr.  Sec,  Miss  E.  Moran.  95  Victoria  Ave.  S. ; 
Trejis..  Miss  L.  Curr\-:  Representatives  to:  R.N.- 
A.O.,  Miss  A.  Williams,  515  Dundurn  St.  S.; 
The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Leona  Johnson, 
S.J.H. 

A. A.,  Hotel-Dieu,  Kingston 

Hon.  Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  Rouble;  Hon.  Vice-Pres., 
Mrs.  Elder;  Pres..  Mrs.  J.  Hickey;  First  Vice- 
Pres..  Mrs.  I.  Fallon;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.  Mrs.  C. 
Keller;  Sec,  Miss  M.  Flood  380  Brock  St.;  Treas., 
Mrs.  M.  Heagle;  Committees:  Executive:  Mmes 
Lawler,  Ahern.  Carey,  Mi.ss  McGarry;  Visiting: 
Misses  Murray,  Oswald;  Social:  Misses  Cotty, 
Collins;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse  Miss  M. 
Catlin. 

A. A.,    Kingston    General    Hospital,    Kingston 

Hon.  President.  Miss  L.  D.  Acton;  President, 
Mrs.  F.  W.  Atack.  Centre  St.;  First  Vice-Presi 
dent.  Mrs.  Graham  Campbell;  Sec.  Vice-President, 
Miss  E.  Freeman :  Secretary.  Mrs.  Chas.  Ryder, 
811  Johnson  St.;  Treasurer.  Mrs.  C.  W.  Mallory 
176  Alfred  St.;  Assist.  Treas..  Miss  P.  Timmer 
man :    Press   Representative,   Miss   Mae   Porter. 


A. A.,    Kitchener    and    Waterloo    General     Hospital, 
Kitchener 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  K.  W.  Scott;  Pres.,  Mrs.  H. 
Christner;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  G.  Cornwall; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  E.  Carey;  Sec,  Miss  0. 
Daitz,  K.  &  W.  Hospital;  Treas..  Miss  E.  Jant- 
zen ;  Committee  Conveners:  Program,  Miss  M. 
McManus;  Lunch,  Mrs.  R.  Hodd;  Flowers:  Misses 
M.  McManus,  M.  McLean ;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian 
Nurse,  Miss  A.  Leslie. 


A. A.,    St.    Mary's    Hospital,    Kitchener 

Hon.  Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Gerard;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres..  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Geraldine;  Pres..  Miss  Millie 
.\.  G.  Brand;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Jean  Pickard; 
Rec.  Sec,  Miss  Melva  Lapsley;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss 
Marie  A.  Lorentz,  92  Victoria  St.  S.,  Waterloo; 
Treas.,   Miss   Beatrice   Hertel. 

A. A.,     Rosi    Memorial     Hospital,    Lindsay 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  S.  Reid;  Pres.,  Miss  C. 
Fallis;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  G.  Lehigh;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres..  Miss  D.  Wilson ;  Sec,  Miss  H.  Hop- 
kins R.M.H. ;  Treas..  Miss  A.  Hebber;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  Program,  Miss  V.  Pickins; 
Refreshments,  Miss  D.  Currins;  Flower,  Mrs. 
M.  L  Thurston;  Red  Cross  Supply,  Miss  A. 
Flett;   Rep.  to  Press,  Miss  G.  McMillan. 


A. A.,  Ontario  Hospital,  London 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  F.  M.  Thomas;  Pres.,  Mrs.  F. 
Cline;  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  K.  Schlimme,  Miss  N. 
Stewart;  Sec,  Mrs.  M.  Millen,  398  Spruce  St.; 
Ass.  Sec,  Mrs.  E.  Stutt;  Treas..  Miss  N.  Wil- 
liams; Committee  Conveners:  Flower,  Mrs.  E. 
Grosvener;  Social,  Misses  L.  Steele,  V.  Johnson; 
Social  Service,  Miss  F.  Stevenson ;  Parcels  for 
Armed  Forres,  Miss  N.  Williams;  Publications, 
Mrs.  P.  Robb. 


A.A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    London 

Hon.  Pres.,  Mother  M.  Theodore;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Sister  M.  Ruth;  Pres.,  Miss  I.  Griffin; 
First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Russell;  Sec.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Miss  A.  Kelly;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  M.  Best. 
."iTg  Waterloo  St.;  Rec  Sec,  Miss  B.  Crawford; 
Treas.,  Miss  A.  Schweitzer;  Committee  Con- 
veners: Social:  Misses  M.  Ings.  M.  Kelly;  Fi- 
nance: Misses  M.  Etue,  0.  O'Neil;  Reps,  to  Ke- 
gistry:  Misses  NL  Baker,  E.  Beger;  Press,  Miss 
M.  Regan. 


A. A.,  Victoria  Hospital,  London 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  H.  M.  Stuart;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Mrs.  A.  E.  Silverwood;  Pres.,  Miss  G. 
Erskine;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Stevenson; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  A.  Mallock;  Rec.  Sec, 
Miss  A.  Versteeg;  Corr.  Sec,  Mrs.  M.  Ripley, 
422  Central  Ave.;  Treas.,  Miss  E.  O'Rourke,  188 
Colbourne  St.;  Publications:  Misses  L.  MacGu- 
gan,  E.  Stephens. 


A. A.,  Niagara   Falls   General   Hospital,   Niagara   Falls 


Hon.  Pres..  Miss  M.  Parks;  Pres.,  Mrs.  D. 
Mylchreest:  Hon.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  M.  Buchanan; 
First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  R.  Livingstone;  Sec.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Miss  D.  Scott;  Sec,  Mrs.  E.  Robins,  2432 
Ker  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  M.  Cooley,  730-4th  Ave.; 
Committees:  Visiting.  Miss  R.  Wilkinson;  Edu- 
cational, Miss  J.  McN'ally;  Membership,  Miss  V. 
Wigley;  Reps,  to:  The  Canadian  Nurse  & 
R.N.A.O.,  Miss  I.  Hammond;  Press,  Mrs.  Ef- 
ferick. 


OFFICIAL    DIRECTORY 


517 


K.A.,    Orillia    Soldiers'    Memorial    Hospital,    Orillia 

Honourary  Presidents,  Miss  E.  Johnston,  Miss 
O.  Waterman;  President.  Mrs.  H.  Hannaford: 
Vice-Presidents.  Miss  C.  Buie.  Miss  M.  MacLel- 
kind ;  Treasurer.  Miss  L.  V.  MacKenzie,  21  Wil- 
liam St.;  Secretary,  Miss  Muriel  Givens.  23  Albert 
St.;  Directors:  Misses  S.  Dudenhoffer.  B.  McFad- 
den,  G.  Adams;  Auditors:  Miss  F.  Robertson, 
Mrs.   H.   Burnet. 


A. A.,  Oshawa  General  Hospital,  Oshawa 

Hon.  Presidents,  Misses  E.  MacWilliams,  B. 
Bell.  E.  Stuart;  Pres..  Miss  M.  Green;  First 
Vice-Pres..  Miss  P.  Richardson ;  Sec.  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  M.  Gibson ;  Sec.  Miss  M.  Anderson ;  Corr. 
Sec,  Miss  L.  McKnight.  39  Elgin  St.  E. ;  Treas., 
Miss  A.  Knott:  Covimittee  Conveners:  Program, 
Miss  H.  Trew,  Social,  Miss  D.  Brown ;  Rep.  to 
The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  W.  Werry. 


A. A.,    Lady    Stanley    Institute     (Incorporated    1918) 
Ottawa 


urer,  Mrs.  Ralph  Snelgrove,  750  Second  Avenue, 
West;  Representative  to  R.N.A.O.,  Miss  P. 
Ellis. 


A. A.,   Nicholls   Hospital,   Peterborough 

Hon.  Pres.,  Mrs.  E.  M.  Leeson,  Miss  E.  G, 
Young;  Pres..  Miss  Lottie  Ball;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  D.  E.  MacBuen ;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  J. 
Preston ;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss  Florence  Scott ;  Corr. 
Sec,  Miss  A.  MacKenzie,  758  George  St.;  Treas., 
Miss  Isol)el  King,  210  Antrim  St.;  Social  Con- 
veners: Mrs.  V.  Janeway,  Miss  S.  Trottei^, 
Flower  Convener,  Miss   Mae  Stone. 


A. A.,     St.     Joseph's     Hospital,     Port     Arthur 

Honourary  President.  Rev.  Mother  Camillus; 
Honourary  Vice-President,  Rev.  Sister  Sheila: 
President.  Mrs.  Jack  Tiskey;  Vice-President. 
Miss  Cecila  Kelly;  Secretary,  Mrs.  Jack  Weir. 
419  Ambrose  St.;  Treasurer.  Miss  Millie  Reld ; 
Executive:  Misses  Aili  Jolm.son,  Lucy  Miocich, 
Olive  Thompson,  Isabel  Hanier,  Mrs.  W.  Geddes 


Hon.  Pres.,  Mrs.  W.  S.  Lyman ;  Pres.,  Mrs. 
W.  E.  Caven ;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  G.  Halpenny; 
Sec,  Mrs.  P.  R.  Grant.  74  Byron  Ave.;  Treas., 
Mrs.  G.  C.  Bennett;  Board  of  Directors:  Mrs. 
Waddell.  Misses  McNiece.  McGibbon.  Flack; 
Flower  Convener,  Miss  E.  Booth;  Representatives 
to:  Press,  Miss  G.  Halpenny;  Registry:  Misses 
M.  Slinn.  E.  Curry;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Mrs. 
V.   Boles. 

A.A.,    Ottawa    Civic    Hospital,    Ottawa 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  G.  M.  Bennett;  Pres..  Miss  D. 
Ogilvie;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  L.  Gourlay;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres..  Miss  G.  Ferguson;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss 
G.  Wilson;  Corr.  Sec.  &  Press.  Miss  M.  Tullis 
O.C.H.:  Treas..  Miss  D.  Johnston.  98  Holland 
Ave.;  Councillors:  Mmes  M.  Johnston,  H.  Kidd, 
G.  Dunning,  E.  Haines,  Misses  Fleiger,  H.  Wil- 
son; Committee  Conveners:  Flower,  Miss  H. 
King;  Visiting,  Miss  Joyce;  Reps,  to:  Central 
Registry,  Misses  R.  Alexander,  0.  Bradley,  E. 
Graydon,   C.    McLeod. 


A. A.,    Sarnia    General    Hospital,    Sarnia 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  Shaw;  Pres.,  Miss  M.  Thomp- 
son: Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  V.  Galloway;  Sec.  Miss 
F.  Morrison,  138i^  N.  Front  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  I. 
Dunford;  Committee  Conveners:  Social,  Miss 
Revington;  Program,  Miss  Bloomfield;  Flower 
&  Visiting,  Miss  Cairns;  Alumnae  Room,  Miss 
Shaw;  Nominating,  Miss  Siegrist;  Rep.  to:  The 
Canadian  Nurse  &  Press,  Mrs.  M.  Elrick. 


A. A.,     Stratford     General     Hospital,     Stratford 

Honourary  President.  Miss  A.  M.  Munn: 
President,  Miss  Annie  Ballantyne,  General 
Hospital;  Secretary,  Mrs.  Viola  Byrick,  303 
Huron  Street;  Treasurer.  Miss  Jean  Watson, 
General  Hospital;  Committee  Conveners  :  Social, 
Miss  Bernice  Moore;  Assists:  Miss  L.  Attwood. 
Miss  M.  Mackenzie;  Flower  and  Gifts,  Miss 
M.   Murr. 


A. A.,  Ottawa  General   Hospital,  Ottawa 

Hon.  President.  Rev.  Sr.  Flavie  Domitille;  Hon. 
Vice. -Pres..  Rev.  Sr.  Helen  of  Rome;  Pres..  Miss 
Viola  Foran;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  Alice  Proulx; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Rose  Therien;  Secretary- 
Treasurer.  Miss  Lucille  Brule,  95  Glen  Ave.; 
Membership  Secretary.  Miss  Florence  Lepine; 
Cotincillors:  Mmes  E.  Viau.  L.  Dunn,  Misses  E. 
Byrne.  M.   Prindeville,  J.   Larochelle. 


A. A.,   Mack   Training    School,    St.    Catharines 

Presirlent.  Miss  Evelyn  Buchanan;  First  Vice- 
President,  Miss  Kiomer:  Second  Vice-President, 
Miss  Ulpt;  Secretary.  Miss  Sayus,  General  Hos- 
pital :  Treasurer,  Miss  McMahon ;  Committee 
Conveners:  Program,  Miss  J.  Turner;  Social, 
Miss  Hastie;  Visiting,  Miss  Kirkpatrick;  Re- 
presentatives to:  Press,  Miss  H.  Brown;  The 
Canadian    Nurse,    Miss    A.    Brubaker. 


A. A.,    St.    Luke's    Hospital,    Ottawa 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  E.  Maxwell,  O.B.E.:  Pres. 
Mrs.  W.  H.  Johnston;  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  J.  Prit- 
chard;  Sec.  Mrs.  J.  Hall.  17  Openago  Rd.; 
Treas.,  Mrs.  J.  W.  Shore:  Committees:  Flowers: 
Misses  Lewis.  Craig:  Refreshments:  Misses  Nel- 
son. Allen;  Reps,  to:  Central  Registry:  Mrs. 
Brown.  Miss  Heron:  Local  Council  of  Women, 
Mrs.  Mothersill;  Press,  Miss  Johnston. 


A. A.,    St.   Thomas   Memorial    Hospital,   St.   Thomas 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  J.  M.  Wilson;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres..  Miss  F.  Kudoha;  Pres..  Miss  E.  Stoddern; 
First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  E.  Ray;  Sec.  Mrs.  B. 
Davidson ;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  E.  Dolds.  33  Welling- 
ton St.;  Treas.  Miss  P.  Howell;  Committee 
Conveners:  Soa'al,  Miss  A.  Claypole;  Flower, 
Miss  M.  Broadley:  Ways  &  Means.  Miss  A. 
Fryer:  Reps,  to  R.N.A.O.,  Miss  B.  McGee;  Press, 
Miss  E.  Jewell. 


A. A.,    Owen    Sound    General    and    Marine    Hospital, 
Owen    Sound 

Honourarj'  Presidents.  Miss  E.  Webster.  Miss 
R.  Brown :  President.  Miss  C.  MacKeen ;  First 
Vice-President.    Miss    V.    Reid;    Secretary-Treas- 


A.A.,    The    Grant    Macdonald    Training    School 
for   Nurses,   Toronto 

Honeurary    President.     Miss     Pearl     Morrison ; 
President,  Mrs.  E.  Jacques;   Vice-President.  Miss 


518 


THE   CANADIAN    NURSE 


A.  Lendruin;  Recording  Secretary'.  Mis-  M. 
Smith,  130  Dunn  Avenue;  Corresponding  Secre- 
tary, Miss  I.  Lucas,  130  Dunn  Avenue;  Treas- 
urer,  Miss   Maud   Zufelt;   Social  Convener,   Miss 

B.  Langdon. 

A. A.,    Hospital   for   Sick   Children,   Toronto 

Pres.,  Mrs.  D.  E.  MacKenzie;  First  Vice-Pres.. 
Mrs.  W.  S.  Keith;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M. 
Mclnnls;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  H.  Booth;  Corr.  Sec, 
Mrs.  W.  Ritchie.  55  Colin  Ave.;  Treas.,  Miss 
F.   Watson,    H.S.C. 


A. A.,    Riverdale    Hospital,    Toronto 

Pres..  Mrs.  S.  J.  Hubbert;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  A.  Armstrong;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M. 
Thompson;  Sec,  Mrs.  H.  E.  Radford,  6  Neville 
Pic.  Blvd.;  Treas.,  Mrs.  T.  Fairbaim ;  Conveners: 
Program,  Miss  Mathieson;  Visiting:  Mrs.  Spree- 
man.  Miss  M.  Thompson;  Reps,  to:  Press  &  Pub- 
lication, Miss  J.  Forbes;  R.N.A.O.,  Miss  O. 
Gerber;    The    Canadian   Nurse,   Miss    Armstrong. 


E.  Graham,  E.  Clancey,  Mrs.  J.  B.  Wadland; 
Committee  Conveners:  Archives,  Miss  J.  M. 
Kniseley;  Flower,  Mrs.  J.  B.  Wadland;  Social, 
Miss  F.  Chantler;  Program,  Miss  S.  Sewell; 
Gift,  Miss  M.  Fry;  Scholarship,  Miss  G.  Lovell; 
"The  Quarterly",  Mrs.  H.  E.  Wallace. 


A. A.,    Training   School    for    Nurses    of    the    Toronto 

East    General    Hospital    with    which    is    incorporated 

the    Toronto    Orthopedic    Hospital,    Toronto 

Honourary  President,  Miss  Ella  MacLean; 
President,  Miss  Margaret  Purvis;  Secretary, 
Miss  D.  Jean  Smith,  64  Hewitt  Avenue,  Toron- 
to; Treasurer,  Miss  Dorothy  Golden. 

A. A.,    Toronto    Western    Hospital,    Toronto 

Hon.  Presidents,  Miss  B.  Ellis,  Mrs.  C.  J. 
Currie;  President,  Mrs.  Douglas  Chant;  Vice- 
President,  Miss  Mae  Palk;  Corresponding  Secret- 
ary, Miss  Isabel  Kee.  Nurses  Residence.  T.W.H.; 
Recording  Secretary,  Mrs.  Fooks;  Treasurer.  Misa 
Benita  Post,  Western  Hospital;  Representative 
to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Elizabeth  Westren. 


A. A.,    St.    John's    Hospital,   Toronto 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sr.  Beatrice;  Pres.,  Miss  M.  Mar- 
tin; First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  D.  Whiting;  Sec 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Creighton ;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss 
M.  Anderson ;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  M.  Riches,  St. 
John's  Convalescent  Hospital;  Treas.,  Miss  A. 
Greenwood;  Entertainment  Convener,  Miss  R. 
Ramsden ;  Visiting  Convener,  Miss  L.  Richard- 
son ;   Rep.  to  Press,  Miss  E.  Price. 


A. A.,   Wellesley   Hospital,   Toronto 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  K.  Jones;  Pres.,  Miss  J. 
Harris;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Stanton;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Johnston;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss 
G.  Schwindt;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  M.  Russell,  4 
Thurloe  Ave.;  Treas..  Miss  J.  Brown;  Treas. 
Sirk  Fund,  Miss  D.  Good;  General  Committee: 
Misses  E.  Cowan,  J.  Hayden,  B.  Calvert,  .T. 
Laird,    H.   Wark,    G.   Bolton,   Mrs.   Reeve. 


A. A.,   St.   Joseph's   Hospital,   Toronte 

Pres.,  Miss  T.  Hushin;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss 
M.  Goodfriend;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  V.  Smith; 
Rec.  Sec.  Miss  M.  Donovan ;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss 
M.  T.  Caden,  474  Vaughan  Rd.;  Treas.,  Miss  L. 
Hill;  Entertainment  Convener,  Mrs.  J.  Shapley; 
Program  Convener,  Miss  M.  Kelly;  Representa- 
tive  to   R.N.A.O.,   Miss   C.    Knaggs. 


A. A.,    Women's    College    Hospital,    Toronto 

Honourary  President,  Mrs.  Bowman;  Honourary 
Vice-President,  Miss  H.  T.  Melklejohn;  I'reil- 
dent,  Mrs.  S.  Hall.  86(5  Manning  Ave.  ; 
Recording  Secretary,  Miss  Isabel  Hall.  Wonien'i 
College  Hospital;  Treasurer,  Miss  W.  Worth, 
93  Scarbora  Beach  Blvd.;  Representative  to 
The   Canadian   Nurse,   Miss   Mary   Chalk. 


A.A.,    St.    Michael's    Hospital,    Toronto 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sr.  Mary  of  the  Nativity;  Hon. 
Vice-Pres..  Sr.  M.  Kathleen;  Pres..  Miss  D. 
Murphy;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Stone;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres..  Miss  K.  Boyle;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  M. 
McRae;  Corr.  Sec,  Mrs.  M.  Benny,  2510  Bloor 
St.  W.,  Apt.  1;  Treas.,  Miss  K.  Meagher;  Coun- 
cillors: Misses  M.  Hughes,  E.  Crocker.  K.  Ham- 
mil;  Committee  Conveners:  Press,  Miss  H.  Ca- 
vanagh;  Mag.  Editor,  Miss  M.  Crowley;  Assoc. 
Membership,  Mrs.  R.  Slingerland;  Reps,  to:  Hos- 
pital &  School  of  Nursing  Section,  Miss  G.  Mur- 
phy; Public  Health  Section,  Miss  M.  Tisdale; 
Local  Council  of  Women,  Mrs.  T.  Scully. 


A. A.,    School    of    Nursing,    University    of    Toronto, 
Toronto 


A. A.,    Ontario    Hospital,    New    Toronto 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  Rothery,  Mrs.  C.  Brock; 
Pres..  Miss  L.  Sinclair;  First  Vice-Pres.  Miss 
M.  Wright;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  E.  McCalpin ;  Corr. 
Sec.  Miss  E.  Greenslade,  Ontario  Hospital; 
Treas.,  Miss  V.  Dodd;  Committee  Conveners: 
Program,  Miss  B.  Thompson ;  Social,  Miss  A. 
McArthur:  Visiting  &  Flower.  Miss  G.  Reid; 
Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  D.  Wylie. 


A.A.,   Grace    Hospital,    Windsor 

President,  Adjutant  Gladys  Barker;  Vice- 
President,  Miss  Phyllis  Hardcastle;  Secretary, 
Miss  Jeanette  Ferguson.  Grace  Hospital;  Treas- 
urer. Miss  Jean  Galloway;  Echoes'  Editor,  Ad- 
jutant Gladys  Barker. 


Hon.  Pres..  Miss  E.  K.  Russell;  Hon.  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  F.  H.  Emory;  Pres..  Miss  M.  Macfarland; 
First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  J.  Leask;  Sec.  Vice-Pres. 
Miss  E.  Cryderman;  Sec,  Miss  M.  Nicol,  220  St. 
George  St. ;  Treas..  Miss  E.  J.  Davidson ;  Con- 
veners: Membership,  Mrs.  M.  McCutcheon ;  En- 
dowment  Fund,  Miss  E.  Eraser;  Program,  Miss 
J.   Wilson ;    Social,   Miss   B.   Ross. 


A.A.,   Toronto   General   Hospital,   Toronto 

Pres.,  Miss  Ethel  Cryderman;  First  Vice-Pres. 
Miss  Marion  Stewart;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  R.  F. 
Chisholm;  Sec-Treas..  Miss  Leslie  Shearer,  5 
High  Park  Ave.;  Councillors:  Misses  C.  Wallace, 


A. A.,   Hotel-Dieu,   Windsor 

Hon.  Past  Pres.,  Sr.  Marie  de  la  Ferre;  Hon. 
Pres.,  Rev.  M.  Claire  Maitre;  Pres.,  Miss  Ellen 
Cox:  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  J.  Byrne:  Sec 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  J.  Duck;  Sec,  Miss  M.  Beaton, 
1542  Goyeau  St.;  Con.  Sec.  Sr.  M.  Roy,  Hotel- 
Dieu  Hospital ;  Treas.,  Miss  M.  Lawson :  Visit- 
ing Committee:  Misses  M.  May.  B.  Beuglet. 

'    A. A.,  General   Hospital,   Woodstock 

Pres..  Miss  Mary  Matheson ;  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs. 
Jack  Town ;  Sec,  Miss  A.  Aitcheson ;  Ass.  Sec, 
Miss    M.    I.    Matheson;    Treas.,    Miss    A.    Amott; 


OFFICIAL    DIRECTORY 


519 


Ass.  Treas.,  Miss  K.  Mahon ;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  E. 
Rjckard.  2H  Wellin^on  St.;  Committee  Conve- 
ners: Flowers  &  Gifts:  Misses  M.  Hodgins,  N. 
Smith;  Program,  Miss  M.  Gillespie;  Social,  Mrs. 
King;  Rep.  to  Press,  Miss  B.  Calvert. 


QUEBEC 


A.A.,   Children's   Memorial   Hospital,   Montreal 

Hon.  Presidents,  Misses  A.  S.  Kinder.  E. 
Alexander;  Pres..  Miss  H.  Xuttall;  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  M.  Robinson;  Sec,  Miss  Rose  Wilkinson, 
Children's  Memorial  Hospital:  Treas.,  Miss  R. 
Allison ;  Social  Convener,  Miss  A.  Cameron ; 
Representatives  to:  Private  Duty  Section,  Miss 
V.   Ford;   The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  M.   Collins. 


A. A.,  Homoeopathic  Hospital,  Montreal 


Hon.  Pres.  Miss  V.  Graham;  Pres.,  Miss  N. 
Gage;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  J.  Morris;  Sec,  Miss 
M.  Stewart.  805  Richmond  Sq.:  Treas.  Mrs.  M.  I. 
Warren;  Conveners:  Sick  Benefit,  Mrs.  War- 
ren; Visiting:  Misses  Campbell,  Currie;  Pro- 
gram, Miss  Macdonald;  Refreshment,  Miss  Per- 
ron ;  General  Nursing  Section :  Misses  Allnutt, 
Snasdell-Taylor. 


Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  W.  McLean ;  Rec.  Sec. 
Miss  D.  Goodill;  Sec.-Treas.,  Miss  Grace  Moffat, 
R.V.H.;  Board  of  Directors  'without  office): 
Miss  E.  Flanagan.  Mrs.  E.  O'Brien ;  Conveners 
of  Standing  Committees:  Finance,  Mrs.  R. 
Fetherstonhaugh ;  Program,  Miss  G.  Yeats; 
Scholarship,  Miss  W.  MacLean ;  General  Nursing, 
Miss  E.  Killins;  Conveners  of  Other  Committees: 
Canteen,  Mrs.  W.  A.  G.  Bauld;  Red  Cross,  Mrs. 
F.  E.  McKenty;  Visiting,  Miss  Purcell;  Reps,  to: 
Local  Council  of  Wometi,  Mrs.  V.  Ward,  Miss 
K.  Dickson ;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  G. 
Martin. 


A. A.,  St.    Mary's    Hospital,    Montreal 

Hon.  Pres..  Rev.  Sister  Rozon ;  Pres.,  Miss 
E.  O'Hare:  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Smith;  Rec.  Sec. 
Mrs.  L.  O'Connell:  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  E.  O'Connell; 
Treas.,  Miss  E.  Quinn;  Committees:  Entertain- 
ment:  Misses  Marwan,  D.  McCarthy.  McDerby, 
Ryan;  Visiting:  Misses  Brown.  Coleman  Mullins; 
Special  Nurses:  .Misses  Goodman,  P.  McCarthy; 
Reps,  to:  Press:  Misses  Zurick.  Culligan;  The 
Canadian   Nurse,   Miss   E.   Toner. 


A. A.,     School     for     Graduate     Nurses. 
McGill     University,     Montreal 


A. A,     Lachine     General     Hospital,     Lachine 


Honouran'  President.  Miss  L.  M.  Brown; 
I'tesident,  Miss  Ruby  Goodfellow:  Vice-Presi- 
Jent,  Miss  Myrtle  Gleason :  Secretary-Treasurer, 
Mrs.  Ryrtha  Jobber,  60-5lst  Ave..  Dixie — La- 
chine; General  Nursing  Representative,  Miss 
Rnby  Goodfellow:  Executive  Committee:  Mrs. 
Barlow,   Mrs.   Gaw,    Miss   Dewar. 


L'Association    des    Gardes-Malades     Dtplomees, 
Hopital     Notrc-Dame,    Montreal 

Hon.  Pres.,  R^v.  Sr.  Papineau :  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  R^v.  Sr.  Dreary;  Pres.  Mile  Eva  M^rizzi; 
First  Vice-Pres..  Mile  Germaine  Latour;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Mile  Laurence  Deguire;  Rec.  Sec, 
Mile  Ola  Sarrazin;  Corr. -Sec,  Mile  Bernadette 
Magnan,  2205  rue  Maisonneuve:  Assoc  Sec, 
Mile  S.  Belaire;  Councillors:  Miles  M.  Lussier, 
C.   Lazure,   J.   Vanier. 


A.A.,   Montreal   General    Hospital,    Montreal 

Hon.  Presidents,  Miss  Webster.  Miss  Tedford; 
Hon.  Treasurer.  Miss  Dunlop:  President  Miss 
Catherine  Anderson;  First  V^ice-President  Miss 
Bertha  Birch:  Second  Vice-President.  Miss  Mary 
Long;  Recording  Secretary.  Miss  Jean  McNair; 
Corresponding  Secretary-.  Miss  Mabel  Shannon, 
Nurses  Home,  Montreal  General  Hospital;  Trea- 
surer. Miss  Isabel  Da  vies;  Committees:  Execu- 
tive: Misses  M.  K.  Holt,  A.  Whitney.  H.  Bartsch. 
E.  Robertson.  Mrs.  F.  Johnston;  Program:  Misses 
M.  Batson  E.  Denman.  K.  Annesley:  Refresh- 
ment: Misses  Clifford  (^convener).  Michie.  A. 
Scott.  B.  Broadhurst.  M.  McQuarrie:  Visiting: 
Misses  M.  Ross,  B.  Miller.  H.  Christian;  Repre- 
sentatives to:  General  Nursing  Section:  Misses 
A.  Whitney.  M.  McLeod.  C.  Pope.  J.  Ross;  Local 
Council  of  Women:  Misses  A.  Costigan.  M.  Ste- 
vens:  The  Canadian  Nurse:  Miss  C.  Watling. 


A. A.,    Royal    Victoria    Hospital,    Montreal 

Hon.    Pres..    Miss    Mabel    Hersey;    Pres..    Mrs. 
R.  A.  Taylor;   First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  F.  Munroe; 


Pres.,  Miss  Margaret  Brady;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss 
Winnifred  McCunn:  Sec.-Treas.,  Miss  Jessie 
Cooke,  Woman's  General  Hospital,  Westmount; 
Co)iveners:  Flora  M.  Shaw  Memorial  Fund,  Mrs. 
L.  H.  Fisher:  Program,  Miss  R.  Lamb;  Represen- 
fftfives  to:  Local  Council  of  Women:  Mrs.  J.  R. 
Taylor.  Miss  E.  Martin;  The  Canadian  Nurse, 
Miss  C.   Aitkenhead,   Homoeopathic   Hospital. 


A.A.,  Woman's  General  Hospital,  Westmount 


Hon.  Presidents.  Misses  Trench.  Pearson;  Pres., 
Miss  C.  Martin;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  Crewe; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Rosen;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss 
V'an-Buskirk;  Corr.  Sec,  Mrs.  G.  Bentley.  3582 
University  St.:  Treas.,  Miss  Francis;  Committees: 
Visiting:  Misses  T.  Wood.  G.  Wilson:  Social: 
Mrs.  Saginur.  Miss  Yellin ;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian 
Nurse,  Miss  Francis. 


A. A.,    Jeffery    Hale's    Hospital,    Quebec 

Pres..  Mrs.  A.  W.  G.  Macalister:  First  Vice- 
Pres.,  Mrs.  L.  Teakle;  Sec  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  G. 
Weary;  Sec.  Miss  M.  G.  Fischer.  805  Grande 
AUee;  Treas..  Mrs.  W.  D.  Fleming;  Councillors: 
Misses  Wolfe.  Kennedy,  Fitzpatrick,  Ross,  Mrs. 
Pfeiffer;  Committees:  Refreshment:  Misses  Kirt- 
sen.  Jones,  Warren.  Dawson;  Visiting:  Misses 
Douglas  (convener),  Martin.  Mmes.  Raphael. 
Gray:  Program:  Mmes.  Young.  Teakle,  Misses 
Lunam.  Douglas:  Reps,  to:  Private  Duty  Sec- 
tion: Misses  Walsh,  Perry;  The  Canadian  Nurse, 
Miss  N.  Humphries. 


A. A..    Sherbrooke    Hospital,    Sherbrooke 


Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  V.  K.  Bean;  Pres..  Mrs.  H. 
Leslie:  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  N.  Malone;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  G.  Ransehousen;  Rec.  Sec., 
Mrs.  G.  Sangster;  Corr.  Sec,  Mrs.  R.  Mooney, 
174  Portland  Ave.:  Entertainment  Convener, 
Mrs.  W.  Cohoon ;  Representatives  to:  Private 
Duty  Section.  Miss  D.  Ross:  Tha  Canadian  Nurse, 
Mrs.   G.   MacKav,    35   Bethune   St. 


520 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


SASKATCHEWAN 

A.A.,  Grey  Nuns'  Hospital,  Regina 
Honourary  President.  Sr.  M.  J.  Tougas;  Presi- 
dent. Mrs.  A.  Counter;  Vice-President.  Mrs. 
F.  Racette;  Secretary-Treasurer,  Mrs.  R.  Mo- 
gridge;  Corresponding  Secretary,  Miss  Ina  M. 
Montgomery,  Grey  Nuns'  Hospital. 

A.A.,   Regina   General   Hospital,   Regina 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  D.  Wilson;  Pres.,  Miss  M. 
Brown;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  R.  Ridley;  Sec, 
Miss  V.  Mann,  Regina  General  Hospital;  Treas., 
Miss  E.  Sweitzer,  R.G.H.;  Representatives  to: 
Local  Paper,  Miss  G.  Glasgow;  The  Canadian 
Nurse,  Miss  K.  Sharp. 

A. A.,    St.    Paul's    Hospital,    Saskatoon 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sister  La  Pierre;  Pres..  Miss  F. 
Bateman ;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Bohl ;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  E.  Turner:  Sec,  Miss  C. 
Castagnier,   St.   Paul's   Hospital;    Treas.,   Miss   L. 


Strate;  Councillors:  Mrs.  A.  Hyde,  Mrs.  A. 
Thompson,  Miss  A.  Templeman,  Mrs.  H.  Mackay; 
Ways  &  Means  Committee:  Mrs.  C.  Darbellay, 
Mrs.  B.  Hayes,  Mrs.  A.  Barker. 

A.A.,    Saskatoon    City    Hospital,    Saskatoon 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  Howard;  Pres.,  Miss  M. 
Chisholm;  Vice-Pres..  Miss  Collins,  Miss  Grant; 
Rec  Sec.  Miss  D.  Bjarnason;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss 
D.  Duff.  S.C.H.;  Treas.,  Miss  E.  Graham;  Con- 
veners: Ways  &  Means,  Mrs.  C.  Fletcher;  Social, 
Mrs.  J.  Gibson;  Program,  Mrs.  H.  Atwell;  Red 
Cross,  Mrs.  T.  Binnie;  Visiting  &  Flower,  Miss 
V.  Bergren;  Press,  Miss  M.  Fofonoff. 

A. A.,    Yorkton    Queen    Victoria    Hospital,    Yorkton 

Honourarj'  President,  Mrs.  L.  V.  Bamea; 
President,  Mrs.  W.  Sharpe;  Vice-President, 
Miss  V.  Wilkinson;  Secretary.  Mrs.  T.  E.  Dar- 
roch.  59  Haultain  Avenue;  Treasurer.  Miss  G. 
Zimmer;  Social  Convener,  Mrs.  J.  Parker;  Coun- 
cillors: Mrs.  H.  Ellis,  Mrs.  Sam  Dodds,  MiM 
L.    Wilson. 


Associations  of  Graduate  Nurses 


Overseas     Nursing     Sisters     AssoctatioD 
of    Canada 

Pres.,  Miss  F.  Munroe,  Royal  Victoria  Hos 
pital,  Montreal;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  C.  M 
Watling,  Montreal;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  H.  Paice 
Montreal;  Third  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  B.  Anderson 
Ottawa;  Sec-Treas.,  Miss  E.  Frances  Upton 
Ste.  1019.  Medical  Arts  Bldg..  Montreal;  Re 
presentatives  from  Local  Unit:  Mrs.  C.  E.  Bi 
saillon.  753  Bienville  St..  Apt.  5,  Montreal 
Miss  M.  Moag.  V.  O.  N.,  Montreal. 


imiTISH   COLUMBIA 

Kamloops   Graduate   Nurses   Association 

Pres.,  Mrs.  Markley;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  O.  Gar- 
rood;  Sec,  Miss  E.  Davis.  Royal  Inland  Hos- 
pital; Treas.  Miss  F.  Aberdeen;  Committee  Con- 
veners :  Program,  Mrs.  R.  Howard ;  Social,  Mrs. 
S.  Dalglei.sh;  Ways  &  Means,  Miss  M.  Williams; 
Membership,  Miss  Naylor;  Representatives  to 
The  Canadian  Nurse,  Misses  J.  Norquay,  Turn- 
bull. 

Nelson  Registered  Nurses  Association 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  V.  B.  Eidt;  Pres..  Miss  Turn- 
bull;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  B.  Laing;  Sec.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Miss  B.  Hayden;  Sec.  Miss  H.  Tompkins, 
Kootenay  Lake  Gen.  Hospital :  Treas.,  Miss  G. 
Carr;  Committees:  General  Nursing,  Miss  K. 
Scott;  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  V. 
Eidt:  Public  Health.  Miss  N.  Dunn;  Ways  & 
Means.  Miss  E.  Sutherland:  Social  &  Program, 
Miss  M.  Bower:  Visiting,  Miss  N.  Murphy:  Mem- 
bership, Miss  J.  Boutwell;  Library,  Mrs.  A. 
O'Connor:  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  M. 
Ross. 

New    Westminster    Graduate    Nucses    Association 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  C.  E.  Clark;  Pres.,  Mrs.  A. 
Way:  First  Vice-Pres.  Miss  A.  Macphail;  Second 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  E.  Scott  Gray;  Secretary'.  Miss 
E.  Beatt.  243  Keary  St.;  Treas.  Miss  T.  Eyton ; 
Assistant  Sec-Treas..  Miss  B.  Smith;  Representa- 
tive to:  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  U.  Rutherford. 


Trail  Chapter,  Registered  Nurses  Association  of 
British  Columbia 
President,  Miss  Marjory  Fletcher;  Vice-Presi- 
dent. Miss  Edythe  Crosson ;  Secretary,  MIm 
Phyllis  Slader.  Nurses  Residence,  Trail-Tadanac 
Hospital,  Trail;  Treasurer.  Miss  Eileen  Somer- 
ville;  Representative  to  The  Canadian  Nurse, 
Miss   Joyce    Greenwood. 


Victoria   Graduate    Nurses    Association 

Honourary-  Presidents,  Sister  Mary  Gregory, 
.Miss  Lena  Mitchell:  President,  Miss  Ethel  Gray; 
First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Z.  Harmon ;  Sec  Vice- 
Pres..  Miss  M.  Plunkett:  Rec.  Sec.  Miss  K. 
Gann ;  Corr.  Secretary.  Miss  J.  Engelhardt,  St. 
Joseph's   Hospital;   Treas..   Miss   E.   Smallwood. 


MANITOBA 

Brandon  Graduate  Nurses  Association 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  E.  Birtles.  O.B.E.;  Pres.,  Mrs. 
S.  Purdue;  Vice-Pres..  Miss  M.  Morton,  Sec, 
Miss  A.  Crighton.  Brandon  General  Hospital: 
Treas..  Mrs.  J.  Selbie;  Registrar,  Miss  C.  Mao- 
leod:  Conveners:  Red  Cross.  Mrs.  H.  McKenzic; 
Social.  Miss  M.  Trotter;  Press.  Miss  W.  Mitchell: 
General  Nursing,  Miss  G.  Lament;  Rep.  to  The 
Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  G.  Kennettle. 


QUEBEC 

Montreal    Graduate    Nurses    Association 

President.  Miss  Effie  Killins;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  Clarice  Smith;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Lil- 
lian MacKinnon;  Hon.  Sec-Treas.,  Miss  Doro- 
thy Shoemaker.  1230  Bishop  St.;  Director  of 
Nursing  Registry,  Miss  E.  B.  Ross,  1284  Bishop 
St.  Regular  meetings  second  Tuesday  January, 
first    Tuesday    April.    October,    and    December. 


I  VOLUME  38 
NUMBER      8 

AUGUST 
19     4     2 


IHh 


A  Representative  Group        ^ 
at  the 
Biennial  Meeting  |-t§ 


ANADIAN 
NURSE 


See  Page  530 


VV  N  E 


QfJESTMO^z  How  would  canned  infant  and  junior  foods  be  of  value 
in  the  feeding  program  of  my  baby? 

AJVSWER:  Well.  The  very  wide  variety  of  available  pureed  and 
chopped  foods  serves  as  convenient  means  for  the  development  of 
good  eating  habits.  The  gradual  introduction  in  the  diet  of  the 
infant  of  the  various  "protective  foods"  in  the  strained  form  assists 
in  cultivating  a  taste  for  these  foods.  The  chopped  foods  afford  a 
means  of  smooth  transition  from  the  finely  divided  foods,  Avhich  are 
suitable  for  the  young  infant,  to  the  vegetables,  fruits,  meats,  and 
cereals  in  the  coarse  forms  as  they  appear  in  the  diets  of  the  older 
child  and  adult. 

In  addition,  the  inclusion  of  such  canned  foods  in  the  diet  of  the 
infant  supplements  the  milk  formula  with  respect  to  vitamins, 
minerals,  and  non-digestible  materials  which  increase  the  bulk  of 
the  intestinal  residue  (1). 

American  Can  Company,  Hamilton,  Ontario; 
American  Can  Company  Ltd.,  Vancouver,  B.C. 

(1)  1938,  Am.  J.  Diseases  Children  55,  1158. 

1939,  Hvgeia  17,  171. 

1940,  Calif,  and  Vi  estern  Med.  53,  18. 

1941,  J.  Am.  Dietet.  Assn.  17,  861. 
1941,  Arch.  Pediatrics  58,  40. 


LABORATORY  TESTS  SHOW 


These     three     photographs 

show   foods   during  in-vitro 

digestion.   (100  times 

magnified) 


BABY 


SUPERIOR 
TO    STRAINED    VARIETY 

Results  of  in-vitro  digestion  experiments 
showed  that  Libby's  Homogenized  Vegetables 
digested  far  more  completely  in  30  minutes 
than  did  either  home-  or  commercially 
strained  vegetables  in  two  hours. 

Although  fruits  and  vegetables  contain 
many  nutritive  elements  essential  to  infant 
health  not  found  in  milk  formulas,  doctors 
have  been  loath  to  add  them  to  young  babies' 
diets  because  of  the  very  real  possibility  of 
digestive  upsets. 

Now  many  infants  as  young  as  six  weeks 
have  been  given  Libby's  Homogenized  Baby 
Foods  without  harmful  effects.  Libby's  ex- 
clusive Homogenization  process  breaks  up  the 
coarse  fibres  and  food  cell  walls — turns  them 
into  a  fine,  smooth  form  that  is  speedily  and 
easily  digested.  The  nutrient  inside  the  cell  is 
released.  Thus  Homogenization  makes  the 
necessarv  values  of  the  foods  more  available, 
moi'e  efficiently  protective. 

Thanks  to  Libby's,  Homogenized  Baby 
Foods  are  seen  as  a  valuable  aid  in  helping 
to  increase  the  infant's  resistance  to  disease 
through  the  benefits  of  a  more  nutritious  diet. 


Home-straintd  vejntables  after  2 
hours'  exposure  to  human  duo- 
denal juice.  Dark  areas  show  un- 
digested nutriment  after  2  hours. 
When  these  undigested  food  cells 
pass  into  the  lower  intestine,  there 
is    probability    of    fei-mentation. 


Commercially-strained  vegetables  af- 
ter 2  hours'  in-vitro  digestion.  Here, 
also,  dark  areas  show  undigested 
nutriment.  Needed  nourishment  is 
lost — and  intestinal  xiosets  may  be 
caused  by  half-digested  food  fer- 
menting   in    the    lower    intestine. 


Libby's  homogenized  vegetables  af- 
♦»r  only  30  minutes  of  digestion. 
Notice  absence  of  dark  areas.  Little 
undigested  nutriment.  All  nutri- 
ment has  been  released.  Homogen- 
ized foods  digest  quickly  and  com- 
pletely. No  half-digested  food  pas- 
ses  into   lower   intestine  to  fej-ment. 


FREE  SAMPLES  and  descriptive  literature  will  be 
mailed  on  request  to  physicians  and  pediatricians. 
Please  address  your  requests  to  Libby,  McNeill  & 
Libby  Laboratories,  Chatham,  Ontario. 


10     BALANCED     BABY     FOOD      COMBINATIONS: 

Th**«  combinations  of  Homogenized  Vegetable!,  cereal,  soup,  and  fruits  malce  it  easy  for  the 
Doctor  to  prescribe  a  variety  of  solid  foods  for  infants 


IPeas, 
beets, 
asixirogus. 

fg  Pumpkin, 
^  tomatoes, 
green  beans. 


i   Whole  milk, 


3 


Peas, 

carrots, 

scinach. 


v/hole  wheat, 
soya  bean  flour. 


Prunes, 

pineapple  juice, 
lemon  juice. 


Soup — carrots,  celery, 
tomatoes,  chicken  liv- 
ers,    barley,     onions. 


A  meatless  soup — 
consisting  of  celery, 
potatoes,  peas,  car- 
rots, tomatoes,  soya 
flour,  and  barley.  Can 
be  fed  to  very  young 
babies. 


An  improved  fruit  com- 
bination —  Bananas, 
apples,  apricots  are 
combined  to  give  a 
nutritious  fruit  com- 
bination that  is  very 
tasty. 


10 


An  "all  Green" 
vegetable  combina- 
tion— Many  doctors 
have  asked  for  this. 
Peas,  spinach  and 
green  beans  are 
blended  to  give  a 
very  desirable  vege- 
table product. 

Tomatoes,  carrots 
and  peas — These 
give  a  new  vege- 
table combination  of 
exceptionally  good 
dietetic  properties 
and  flavour. 


And  in  Addition,  Three  Single  Vegetable  Products  Specially  Homogenized 

CARROTS  — PEAS  — SPINACH    and 

LIBBY'S    HOMOGENIZED    EVAPORATED    MILK 

Madu  in  Canada  By 

IIRRY      MpNPIII     £.    IIRRY    RF    HANADA    LI  M  IT  FD    Hhatham.  Onf. 


LIPPINCOTT   is  the   ''buy^word" 

Coordination  is  the  key  to  the 
success    of    these    four    books 


ESSENTIALS  OF  MEDICINE 

By  CHARLES  P.  EMERSON,  Jr.,  M.  D.  and  JANE  E.  TAYLOR,  R.  N., 

B.  S.  Contorms  with  the  current  trend  and  includes  the  new  concepts 
end  modes  of  therapy  in  clinical  and  investigotive  medicine.  May  be 
used  separately  or  with  Surgical  Nursing  for  a  combined  course.  892 
Pages.    195   Illustrations.  $3.25. 


SURGICAL  NURSING 

By  E.  L.  ELIASON,  M.  D.,  L.  KRAEER  FERGUSON,  M.  D.,  and  EVE- 
LYN M.  FARRAND,  R.  N.,  B.S.  Everything  a  textbook  on  this  subject 
should  be.  Clear  and  concise.  Conforms  with  current  trend  in  teach- 
ing and  correlated  with  Essentials  of  Medicine  above.  686  Pages. 
244   Illustrations.  $3.25. 


NUTRITION  in  HEALTH  AND  DISEASE 

by  LENNA  F.  COOPER,  B.S.,  M.A.,  EDITH  M.  BARBER,  B.S.,  M.S., 
and  HELEN  S.  MITCHELL,  B.A.,  Ph.D.  A  thoroughly  revised  text, 
conforming  to  current  recommendations  and  built  on  the  Unit  Plan 
of  organization.  Teaching  of  Diet  Therapy  has  been  correlated  with 
the  three  texts  listed  above  and  below.  709  Pages.  123  Illustrations. 
$3.50. 


PHARMACOLOGY  FOR  NURSES 

by  MARGENE  0.  FADDIS,  R.N.,  M.A.,  assisted  by  JOSEPH  M.  HAY- 
MAN,  Jr.,  M.D.  Written  in  narrative  form  and  arranged  on  the  Unit 
Plan.  Emphasis  is  laid  on  correct  method  of  administration  of  drugs 
and  their  important  actions  and  toxic  effects.  404  Pages.  41  lllus- 
trotions.  $3.25. 


:1792-1942  150  Years  of  Publishing 


Vol.   38,  No.  8 


Be  sure   to   check   these   new   works 


ESSENTIALS  of  SYPHILOLOGY 

by  RUDOLPH  H.  KAMPMEIER,  M.D.  A  complete  but  concise  book 
covering  all  phases  of  syphilis,  including  public  health  aspects.  Treats 
syphilis  as  systemic  disease,  net  from  dermatoiogic  point  of  view. 
Approximately   400    Pages.    85    Illustrations.    Tentative    Price    $6.00. 


ESSENTIALS  of  PSYCHIATRY 

by  EDWARD  A.  STRECKER,  M.D.,  F.A.C.P.  Especially  designed  to  fill 
a  definite  need  for  a  fundamental  book  on  psychiatry.  Concise  and 
brief  —  but  complete.  Approximately  300  pages  with  15  diagrams 
Tentative  Price  $6.00 


ESSENTIALS  OF  INDUSTRIAL  HEALTH 

by  C.  O.  SAPPINGTON,  M.D.  This  small  but  complete  book  covers 
the  whole  field  of  industrial  health  with  emphasis  on  the  preventive 
aspects  and  including  material  on  industrial  nursing.  Approximately 
600  Pages.  75  Illustrations.  Tentative  Price  $6.00. 


)    rSCX^       "    -  .     I   Problem*  „,ns    Dis 

,        c    Manner,  P*»-^--„d   liberality    of    viewv 
toy  Helen  C.!>»»  j^^ity   ^^\/\^    Tentative  Pr.ce 

tinguished    fo.    It.    ^^   ,i^,,,rat,ons.  T 
mately  360  P-^K^ 


ton.    K-^^-;  heautiful    iUu>-ra  

•Numerous    t>ea" . 


J.  B.  LIPPINCOTT  COMPANY: 


Medical  Arts  Building,  Montreal 


AUGUST,   1942 


52f3 


BARBADOS  GENERAL  HOSPITAL 
WANTED  —  AN  ASSISTANT  MATRON 

Salary  £200  (two  hundred  pounds)  with  annual  increments  of  £5  to 
£225  per  annum,  with  furnished  quarters,  free  water,  and  allowances  for  light, 
uniform,  and  a  servant. 

The  appointment  is  for  3  years,  subject  to  3  months'  notice  on  either  side 
to  terminate  the  engagement. 

First-class  passage  direct  to  Barbados  will  be  paid  by  the  Hospital  Board 
for  a  full  term  of  service,  a  proportionate  part  to  be  refunded  in  case  of 
service  for  a  shorter  period.  Return  passage  will  be  paid  on  satisfactory  com- 
pletion of  contract,  or  on  resignation  on  a  medical  certificate  of  ill  health  due 
to  service. 

Applicants  must  be  unmarried  or  widows  without  encumbrances,  general 
trained  State  Registered  Nurses,  and  must  have  held  the  post  of  Sister  in  some 
Hospital  or  Infirmary,  and  have  had  administrative  experience.  Applicants 
must  also  have  had  good  operating  theatre  experience. 

Application  forms  and  further  particulars  may  be  obtained  from  the 
Executive  Secretary  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association,  1411  Crescent 
Street,  Montreal.  Applications  on  the  forms  provided,  accompanied  by  the 
documents  asked  for  therein,  photographs,  and  recent  testimonials,  should  be 
forwarded,  by  air  mail,  to:  ' 

The  Secretary 
General  Hospital 
Barbados,  B.  W.  I. 


CHILDREN'S 
MEMORIAL  HOSPITAL 

Montreal,    Canada 

POST-GRADUATE   COURSE 
IN    PAEDIATRIC  NURSING 

A  six-months  course  is  offered  to  Gradu- 
ate Nurses  -which  includes  theoretical  in- 
struction, organized  clinical  teaching  and 
experience   in    the    following    services : 

MEDICAL, 

SURGICAL, 

ORTHOPAEDIC, 

INFANT, 

OUT-PATIENT. 

A   special    study    of    the    Normal 
and  Convalescent  Child. 

A     certificate     will     be    granted     upon    the 
successful    completion    of    the  course. 
Classes  admitted  in  the  Spring  and  Fall. 
Full     maintenance     will     be     provided.     No 
extra    remuneration. 

For    further    particulars    apply    to: 

Director  of  Nursing 
Children's    Men.orial    Hospital 
MontreaL 


University 
OF  Ottawa 

School  of   Nursing 

COURSES  OFFERED 

A  five-year  course  leading  to 
the  degree  of  Bachelor  of 
Science  in  Nursing. 

A     one-year    certificate    course 
for  qualified  graduate  nurses  in: 
PUBLIC  HEALTH  NURSING 
HOSPITAL   ADMINISTRATION 
NURSING  EDUCATION 

To  young  ladies  holding  a  Jun- 
ior Matriculation  certificate,  a 
regular  three-year  course  lead- 
ing to  a  Diploma  in  Nursing. 

For  information  apply  to: 

University  of  Ottawa  School  of 
Nursing 


30    Stewart  Street 


Ottawa 


524 


Vol.    38     No.   8 


FOR   BETTER   GROOMING 

Put  MUM  on  24-hour  duty  to  keep  you  better  groomed. 
Just  a  dab  under  each  arm  will  banish  the  ugly, 
embarrassing  odor  of  stale  perspiration  for  many 
hours.  Daintily  eiffeaive  for  other  sweat  gland  areas. 

MUM  is  a  snow-white  vanishing  cream  deodorant. 
Non-irritant ;  does  not  interfere  with  normal  sweat 
gland  activity.  Non-staining. 


MUM 


y 


"^mt^*^ 


^^' 


Have  you  discovered  the  effectiveness  of  mum  on 

the  sanitary  napkin?  Or  as  a  kindly  refresher  of  hot, 

tired  feet?  A  trial  is  worthwhile. 

BRISTOL-MYERS  COMPANY 

1241-00  Rue  Benoit,  Montreal,  Canada 


MU;M    TAKES    THE     ODOR    OUT    OF    STALE    PERSPIRATION 


AUGUST,   1942 


DEODORANT 


Safely 

stops  perspiration 

1  to  3  days 

Non-Greasy  .  .  .  Stainless  .  .  .  Takes  odor 

from   perspiration 
Use   before  or  after  shaving 
Non-irritating  .   .  .   won't  harm  dresses 
No   waiting  to  dry  .   .   .  vanishes  quickly 
GUARANTEE — Money  refunded  if  you 
don't  agree  tfcat  this  new  cream  is  the 
best  deodorant  you've  ever  tried!  The 
Odorono  Co.,  Ltd.,  980  St.  Antoine 
Street,  Montreal,  P.Q. 


1  Full  Oj..99  f'— Not  Just  \  Half  Ox. 


EXAMINATIONS  FOR 

REGISTRATION   OF    NURSES   IN 

NOVA  SCOTIA 

To  take  place  on  October  21,  22,  and  23, 
1942,  at  Halifax,  Yarmouth,  Amherst, 
Sydney,  and  New  Glasgow.  Requests  for 
application  forms  should  be  made  at  once 
and  forms  MUST  BE  returned  to  the 
Registrar  by  September  21,  1942,  to- 
gether with:  (1)  Birth  Certificate:  (2) 
Provincial  Grade  XI  Certificate;  (3)  Dip- 
loma of  School  of  Nursing;  (4)  Fee  of 
$10.00. 

No  undergraduate  may  write  unless  he 
or  she  has  passed  successfully  all  final 
School  of  Nursing  examinations  and  is 
within  six  weeks  of  completion  of  the 
course  of  Nursing. 

JEAN   C.   DUNNING,    R.N.,   Registrar 

The    Registered    Nurses    Association    of 

Nova  Scotia 

413    Dennis    Building,    Halifax,    N.S. 


ASSOCIATION    OF    REGISTERED 

NURSES  OF  THE  PROVINCE 

OF  QUEBEC 

The  Fall  examinations  for  qualifica- 
tion as  "Registered  Nurse"  will  be  held  in 
Montreal  and  elsewhere  on  October  26,  27, 
and  28,   1942. 

Application    forms    and    all    infomiation 
n\ay   be   procured   from   the   Registrar.    Ap- 
plications   must    be    in    the    office    of    the 
Association    by    September    30,    1942. 
NO  APPLICATION  WILL  BE 

CONSIDERED    AFTER   THAT    DATE. 
Results   of  examinations   will  be  published 
on  or  about    December  9  ,     1942. 

E.    FRANCES    UPTON,    R.N. 
Executive   Secretary    and    Registrar, 

Suite   1019.   Medical   Arts   BIdg. 
1538   Sherbrooke  St.  West,   Montreal. 


REGISTERED  NURSES' 
ASSOCIATION    OF 
BRITISH  COLUMBIA 

(Incorporated) 

An  examination  for  the  title  and  certi- 
ficate of  Registered  Nurse  of  British 
Columbia  will  be  held  September  15,  16, 
and    17,    1942. 

Names  of  Candidates  for  this  examina- 
tion must  be  in  the  office  of  the  Regis- 
trar  not   later  than   August   15,    1942. 

Full  particulars  may  be  obtained  from  : 
EVELYN  MALLORY,  R.N.,  Registrar 
715    Vancouver    Block,   Vancouver,    B.C. 


DOCTORS'  and   NURSES' 
DIRECTORY 

212  Balmoral  St.,  Winnipeg 

A  Directory  for: 

DOCTORS,  and  Registered  Nurses 

Victorian  Order  of  Nurses 

(night  calls,  Sundays,  and  holidays 

ONLY) 

Practical  Nurses 

Twenty-four  hour  service. 

P.  BROWhJKLL,    Reg.    N.,    Registrar 


526 


Vol.  38,  No.  8 


^Ue  (lUUUf^  "^ide 


Like  the  tide  at  flow,  every  wave  rising  just  a  little  higher  than  the  last,  so  the 
symptoms  of  the  climacteric,  slight  at  first,  gradually  increase  in  severity. 
*'Emmenin"  therapy,  instituted  when  the  menopause  first  manifests  itself,  will 
usually  alleviate  the  symptoms  and  subsequently  keep  them  under  control. 
If  the  syndrome  is  well  established  before  treatment  is  begun,  "Premarin"  is 
recommended  to  bring  the  severe  symptoms  under  control  quickly.  Clinical 
investigation  indicates  that  this  new  product  is  the  most  potent  orally-active 
natural  oestrogen  so  far  discovered. 


conjugated  oestrogens  (equine) 

Supplied  in  bottles  of 

20  and  100  tablets 


^^^k 


conjugated  oestrogens  (human) 
Liquid  -  in  bottles  of  4  ounces 
Tablets  -  in  bottles  of  42 


Descriptive  literature  will  be  furnished  on  request. 

Ml 

AYERST,  McKENNA  &  HARRISON  LIMITED      »      Biological  and  Pharmaceutical  Chemists      •      MONTREAL,  CANADA 


The   Canadian    N 


urse 


Registered   at    Ottawa,    Canada,    as    second    class    matter. 


Editor  and  BuMtiess  Manager: 
ETHEL  JOHNS,  Reg.  N.,  1411   Crescent  Street,  Montreal.  P.Q. 


CONTENTS  FOR  AUGUST,  1942 


Meeting  in  Montreal  _         _         _ 

The  New  President  of  the  C.  N.  A. 
Forty-Eight  Hours  in  Prince  Edward  Island 
Response  from  the  Federal  Government 
A  New  Liaison  Officer  _  _         _ 

Notes  from  the  National  Office     - 
A  Timely  and  Generous  Gift 
A  Central  Dressing  Room   -         -         - 
Public  Health  Nursing  in  Wartime 
A  Case  of  Anthrax  -         -         -         - 
Homeward  Bound        _         _         _         _ 
Une  Visite  CHEZ  Jeanne  Mance  en  1672  - 
The  R.  N.  A.  N.  S.  Annual  Meeting   - 
Pathological  Conditions  of  the  Breast 
In-Service  Education       _         -         _         _ 
News  Notes       _         _         _         _         _ 
Off  Duty       '    - 


M.  S.  Matheivson 
-  K.  W.  Ellis 
M.  Lindeburgh 


Sister  M.  Irenaeiis 
-M.  I.  Walker 

-  C.  Knaggs 

-  E.     Lyster 

-  C.  Godboul 
J.  C.  Dunning 

-      K.  Sleigh 
Sister  D.  Lefebvre 


533 

540 
542 
543 
544 
545 
546 
549 
551 
553 
555 
558 
561 
563 
565 
572 
582 


Subscription  Price:   $2.00  per  year;  foreign  and  United  States  of  America,  $2.50;  20  cents  a  copy. 

Cheques    and    money    orders    should    be    made    payable   to    The    Canadian    Nurse.   When    remitting    by 
cheque    13    cents    should    be    added    to    cover    exchange. 

Please  address  all   correspondence   to: 
Editor,    The   Canadian   Nurse,    1411    Crescent   Street,    Montreal,    P.Q. 


TO  THEM  IT  WAS  A  ''LIMB 


n 


IN  the  plush  and  gilt  homes  of  these  mid -Victorians  a  leg 
was  a  "limb",  and  constipation,  "biliousness",  for  which  the 
proper  cure  was  a  strong  "physic".  That  they  managed  to  sur- 
vive and  reach  ripe  ages  is  a  tribute  to  their  innate  robustness. 

Today  we  have  different  ideas  about  what  constitutes  a  good 
therapeutic  measure  in  the  relief  of  constipation.  Physicians 
the  world  over  have  adopted  Agarol  as  an  evacuant  that 
assures  results  the  easy,  gentle,  yet  dependable  way.  The 
original  mineral  oil-agar-gel  emulsion,  with  phenolphthalein, 
Agarol  acts  by  softening  the  intestinal  contents,  making  their 
propulsion  painless  and  easy,  and  at  the  same  time  supplying 
the  stimulation  needed  for  thorough  evacuation. 

If  you  are  not  yet  acquainted  with  Agarol,  we  suggest  that 
you  send  for  a  free  trial  supply,  which  is  available  to  nurses 
on  request. 


AGAROL 


WILLIAM  R.  WARNER  &  CO.,  LTD. 

727    KING    STREET,    WEST,    TORONTO,    ONT. 


AUGUST,   1942 


529 


Reader's  Guide 


In  the  leading  article  we  have  tried  to 
give  you  some  idea  of  the  eventful  Meeting 
in  Montreal.  If  we  seem  too  lyrical,  please 
remember  that  the  story  was  written  at  top 
speed  and  while  we  were  still  under  the 
spell  of  a  memorable  occasion.  The  Watch- 
word was  Unity.     Let  us  hold   fast  to  it  1 


The  September  issue  of  the  Journal  will 
take  the  form  of  a  Special  Convention 
Number.  Among  the  many  good  things  that 
it  will  contain  are  the  text  of  the  addresses 
given  by  the  guest  speakers;  the  material 
grouped  in  the  official  programme  under 
the  heading  of  "Safeguards  to  Nursing, 
Present  and  Future",  including  the  report  of 
the  Committee  on  Education;  the  important 
reports  which  centered  about  the  general 
topic  of  "Responsibilities  of  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association,  Immediate  and  Post- 
war"; the  report  of  the  Emergency  Nursing 
Adviser;  and  the  papers  presented  at  the 
round  table  on  clinical  teaching.  Space  will 
not  permit  of  listing  other  articles  and  re- 
ports of  equal  value  and  interest.  You  will 
need  this  Journal  for  reference  during  the 
coming  months.  The  supply  is  limited  so  be 
sure  you  are  a  subscriber  in  good  standing. 


The  photograph  which  adorns  the  cover 
certainly  portrays  A  Representative  Group 
assembled  on  a  historic  occasion.  It  in- 
cludes Mile  Marie  Pelletier,  president  of 
the  Jeanne  Mance  Association,  who  is  wear- 
ing the  beautiful  costume  described  on  page 
538.  Then,  from  left  to  right,  come  Miss 
Fairley,  president  of  the  Canadian  Nurses 
Association,  the  Reverend  Mother  AUard, 
and  Miss  Effie  Taylor,  president  of  the 
International  Council  of  Nurses.  The  photo- 
graph was  taken  on  the  roof  of  I'Hotel-Dieu 
during  the  reception  given  by  Les  Hospita- 
lieres  de  St- Joseph  in  honour  of  the  Cana- 
dian Nurses  Association. 


Every  branch  of  nursing  service  is  af- 
fected by  the  war,  especially  public  health 
nursing.  Mildred  Walker  writes  of  the  need 
of  maintaining  morale  on  the  home  front  by 
helping  the  families  of  our  fighting  men  to 
adjust  to  new  and  difficult  conditions.  Miss 
Walker  is  Chief  of  the  Division  of  Study 
for  Graduate  Nurses  at  the  University  of 
Western  Ontario  and  was  recently  elected 
president  of  the  Registered  Nurses  Associa- 
tion of  Ontario. 


In  this  issue,  the  series  of  "Letters  from 
Sweden"  ends  with  the  description  of  an  ad- 
venturous homeward  journey.  The  Journal 
is  indebted  to  Elizabeth  Lyster  for  allowing 
our  readers  to  share  the  experience  she  des- 
cribes with  so  much  charm. 


Anthrax  is  a  relatively  rare  disease  but 
Cecilia  Knaggs  who  is  a  private  duty  nurse 
had  an  opportunity  of  observing  it  at  close 
range  and  shares  this  unusual  experience 
with  our  readers. 


There  was  never  greater  need  for  econ- 
omy than  there  is  now  and  every  hospital 
is  eager  to  save  time,  money  and  supplies.  A 
good  way  of  doing  this  is  to  set  up  a  central 
dressing  room  and  Sister  Marie  Irenaeus 
tells  us  how  well  this  has  been  done  at  St. 
Martha's    Hospital,    Antigonish,   N.    S. 


"Une  visite  chez  Jeanne  Mance  en  1672" 
is  written  with  such  delicacy  and  charm  that 
it  defies  translation.  This  subtle  evocation 
of  Ville-Marie  could  only  have  been  written 
by  one  who  is  an  inheritor  of  the  honour- 
able tradition  of  Jeanne  Mance  and  who  is 
also  thoroughly  versed  in  the  early  history 
of  the  colony.  Because  Mile  Claire  Godbout 
possesses  all  these  qualifications  she  has 
been  able  to  give  us  this  delightful  picture 
of  Jeanne  Mance  in  the  evening  of  her  life. 


^/ke4>e.  oAje.  t/L&  ^^z^isOTiyii^ 


fUu 


tuMi  u/e  /6 


%mi 


♦ 


Physicians  will  find  that  S-M-A*  is 
not  a  "compromise  formula'.'  It  is  a 
complete  milk  formula  for  infants 
deprived  of  human  milk. 

Cows'  milk  fat  is  replaced  with  the 
unique  S-M-A  fat  for  easy  digestion 
and  adequate  nutrition.  It  compares 
physically,  chemically  and  biologi- 
cally with  the  fat  in  human  milk. 

The  carbohydrates  in  S-M-A  and 
human  milk  are  identical. 

With  the  exception  of  vitamin  C, 
the  vitamins  essential  to  normal 
growth  and  development  (Bi.  D, 
and  A)  are  included  in  adequate 
proportion  in  S-M-A  ready  to  feed. 

Furthermore,  iron  (so  difficult  to  pro- 
vide for  the  bottle-fed  infant)  is 
included  in  S-M-A.  When  prepared 
each  quart  provides  10  mg.  iron  and 
ammonium  citr.ite. 


»  »  »  * 


Excellent  results  with  hu.  treds  of 
thousands  of  infants  is  reason  enough 
why  S-M-A  is  the  choice  of  a  steadily 
increasing  number  of  physicians. 

Try  S-M-A.  Results  tell  the  true  story 
more  aptly  than  words  and  pictures. 


m 


f-'i 


•S-M-A,  a  trade  mark  of  S.M.A. — Biochemical 
Division,  John  Wyeth  &  Brother  (Canada) 
Limited,  for  its  brand  of  food  especially  pre- 
pared for  infant  feeding — derived  from  tuber- 
culin tested  cow's  milk,  the  fat  of  which  is  re- 
placed by  animal  and  vegetable   fats,   including 


biologically  tested  cod  liver  oil;  with  the  addi- 
tion of  milk  sugar  and  potassium  chloride; 
altogether  forming  an  antirachitic  food.  When 
diluted  according  to  directions,  it  is  essentially 
similar  to  human  milk  in  percentages  of  protein, 
fat,  carbohydrate  and  ash,  in  chemical  constants 
of  the  fat  and  pliysical   properties. 


S.M.A. — Biochemical   Division    -    John  Wycth  &  Brother  (Canada)  Limited 

WALKERVILLE    -    ONTARIO 


531 


Ifs  fun  to  bathe  in  the  sun  m  (But  painful  if  overdone) 


To  those  who  have  sun-bathed  not  wisely  but  too  well,  quick 
relief  from  pain  is  extremely  important  .  .  .  and  treatment 
with  Butesin  Picrate  Ointment  with  Metaphen  extremely 
welcome.  This  widely  used  preparation  not  only  relieves  the 
intense  pain  of  sunburn— and  all  minor  burns— ^uicWj,  but 
also  acts  as  a  soothing  dressing,  and  helps  to  protect  blistered 
or  denuded  areas  against  infection.  The  ointment  is  always 
ready  for  instant  use  and  is  applied  directly  to  the  burned 
area.  •  The  analgesic  agent  in  the  ointment  is  Butesin,  a 
powerful  topical  anesthetic.  In  Butesin  Picrate  Ointment, 
Butesin  is  chemically  combined  with  picric  acid.  To  provide 
antiseptic  action,  Metaphen  is  also  present.  This  combination 
of  antiseptic  and  analgesic  agents  makes  the  ointment  an 
excellent  dressing  for  abrasions  and  minor  lacerations.  Butesin 
Picrate  Ointment  with  Metaphen  is  supplied  in  one-ounce 
and  two-ounce  tubes  and  in  one-pound  and  five-pound  jars. 

Abbott  Laboratories  Limited  •  Montreal 


BUTESIN 
PICRATE 
OINTMENT 

with  Metaphen 

(Contains  Butesin  Picrate  \%  and  Metaphen  1:5000) 


532 


CANADIAN   NURSE 

A     MONTHLY     JOURNAL     FOR     THE     NURSES     OF     CANADA 

PUBLISHED     BY     THE     CANADIAN     NURSES     ASSOCIATION 

VOLUME  THIRTY-EIGHT  NUMBER  EIGHT 

AUGUST,  1942 


Meeting  in  Montreal 


Montreal  never  looked  more  beautiful 
than  it  did  during  the  last  week  of 
June.  Mount  Royal  was  a  mass  of  liv- 
ing green  and  the  gardens  were  a  riot 
of  colour.  Under  the  stately  elms  of 
McGill  University,  the  sailors  of  the 
Royal  Canadian  Navy  went  through 
their  complicated  drill  and,  against  a 
cloudless  blue  sky,  the  great  bombers 
roared  by  on  their  way  overseas.  The 
streets  were  gay  with  flags  in  honour  of 
Army  Week  and,  to  mark  the  Tercent- 
enary of  this  noble  and  historic  city,  the 
blue  and  white  banner  of  the  Province 
of  Quebec  floated  the  fleur-de-lys  proud- 
ly in  the  summer  air. 

It  was  in  this  glorious  setting  that 
the  Biennial  Meeting  of  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association  took  place  and,  al- 
though the  war  news  was  disquieting, 
the  spirit  of  the  group  was  confident  ajid 
serene.  The  outstanding  feature  of  this 
meeting  was  its  unity  in  both  a  national 
and  an  international  sense.  Never  be- 
fore have  the  French-speaking  members 

AUGUST.  1942  .       ^  'n. 


of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association 
taken  such  an  active  and  thoroughly 
constructive  part  in  its  deliberations. 
Never  before  have  we  had  the  privilege 
of  counting  both  the  President  of  the 
International  Council  of  Nurses  and  the 
President  of  the  American  Nurses  As- 
sociation among  our  speakers.  And  last 
but  not  least,  we  had  the  great  pleasure 
of  welcoming  as  our  special  guest  of 
honour,  the  Right  Honourable  Malcolm 
MacDonald,  High  Commissioner  for 
the  United  Kingdom. 

A  hearty  welcome  to  the  visitors  was 
given  by  His  Worship  the  Mayor,  by 
Dr.  J.  C.  Meakins,  Dean  of  the  Faculty 
of  Medicine  of  McGill  University,  and 
by  Monseigneur  Olivier  Maurault,  Rec- 
tor of  the  University  of  Montreal.  Miss 
Eileen  Flanagan,  president  of  the  Asso- 
ciation of  Registered  Nurses  of  the  Pro- 
vince of  Quebec,  offered  greetings  on 
behalf  of  the  hostess  organization,  and 
at  this  point  it  seems  appropriate  to  say 
a  word  about  the  excellence  of  the  ar- 


533 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


Julia  Stimson 

Photo  by  Blackstone  Studios,  New  York 

rangements  made  by  the  Provincial  As- 
sociatian  for  the  meeting.  These  were 
under  the  general  direction  of  Miss 
Mabel  K.  Holt,  Miss  Catherine  Fergu- 
son and  Miss  Edna  Lynch.  Only  those 
who  have  rendered  a  similar  service 
realize  how  much  thought  and  effort 
is  required  if  things  are  to  run  w'th  the 
deceptive  smoothness  that  characterized 
the  various  events.  A  word  of  appre- 
ciation is  due  to  Miss  E.  Frances  Upton 
who  directed  registration  with  her  cus- 
tomary efficiency  and  despatch.  Much 
credit  must  also  be  given  to  the  many 
nurses  who  gave  assistance  so  unsjrud- 
gingly  as  members  of  numerous  and  in- 
difpensable  committees.  The  Journal  is 
particularly  gra'-eful  to  Madeleine  Flan- 
der  and  the  other  members  of  the  A.R.- 
N.P.Q.  Canadian  Nurse  Committee 
who  were  "on  duty"  at  the  Journal 
desk  throughout  the  entire  week. 

Now  let  us  turn  to  the  mee'"ing  itself. 
The  reg.'stration  was  large  —  nearly  a 
thoi:sand  —  and  every  Province  was 
r34 


represented  by  its  official  delegates.  A 
great  effort  was  made  to  maintain  at 
least  a  measure  of  bi-lingualism.  Many 
of  the  reports  were  available  in  mimeo- 
graphed form  in  English  and  French 
and,  when  concurrent  translation  be- 
came necessary,  some  linguistic  marvels 
were  performed,  especially  by  the 
P'rench-speaking  members.  Mile  Mar- 
tineau.  Mile  Gauvin,  Mile  Albert,  Mile 
Giroux  and  Sister  Valerie  de  la  Sagesse 
rendered  outstanding  service  in  this  con- 
nection. Indeed  they  did  it  so  well  that 
a  member  who  speaks  both  languages 
fluentl}'  was  heard  to  murmur:  "The 
translat.on  was  much  more  lucid  and 
logical  than  the  original  statement". 

A  tribute  is  also  due  to  the  English- 
speaking  nurses  who  courageously 
wrestled  with  the  difficulties  of  the 
French  tongue.  At  the  very  outset, 
Grace  M.  Fairley  set  a  good  example  by 
incorporating  a  message  in  French  in 
her  presidential  address.  The  response 
to  this  friendly  gesture  was  so  sponta- 
neous that  there  could  be  no  doubt  that 
it  was  sincerely  appreciated.  The  fact 
that  the  president  of  the  American 
Nurses  Association,  the  pvesident  of  the 
International  Council  of  Nurses,  and 
the  High  Commissioner  for  Great  Bri- 
tain also  spoke  briefly  in  French  indi- 
cated that  they  were  keenly  aware  of 
the  his'-oric  setting  in  which  the  meeting 
took  place.  The  distinguished  French 
speakers  who  took  part  in  the  pro- 
gramme also  displayed  a  similar  courtesy. 

Having  tried  to  conve)-  something  of 
the  genial  atmosphere  in  which  the  ses- 
sions took  place,  we  now  offer  a  brief 
commentary  on  their  general  content. 
Following  the  precedent  established  in 
former  years,  the  September  issue  of  the 
Journal  will  contain  the  full  text  of  the 
addresses  given  by  the  guest  speakers, 
but  just  a  word  must  be  said  about  them 
here.  Who  can  forget  the  dynamic  pre- 
sence of  Julia  Stimson  as  she  told  us  the 

Vol.  38,  No.  8 


MEETING    IN    MONTREAL 


535 


inspiring  story  of  the  part  that  American 
nurses  are  taking  in  winning  the  war: 
"Swell  to  look  at  and  grand  to  listen 
to"  was  the  ungrammatical  but  sincere 
tribute  paid  her  by  a  young  and  enthu- 
siastic nurse.  No  wonder  the  American 
Nurses  Association  followed  the  Roose- 
veltian  precedent  and  elected  her  as  pre- 
sident for  a  third  term.  Nor  could  there 
be  any  doubt  about  the  affec'^ion  and 
respect  in  which  we  Canadians  hold 
Effie  Taylor,  president  of  the  Interna- 
tional Council  of  Nurses.  We  claim  her 
as  ours  by  right  of  birth  and  we  rejoice 
that  her  noble  and  generous  spirit  guides 
the  I.C.N,  during  this  time  of  storm 
and  stress  for  we  know  that  her  stead- 
fast faith  will  never  fail  or  falter. 


At  one  of  the  evening  sessions,  Dr. 
Albert  LeSage,  Dean  of  the  Faculty 
of  Medicine  of  the  University  of  Mont- 
real, spoke  of  the  close  affiliation  of  the 
artist,  the  sculp'"or,  and  the  biologist  in 
their  interpretation  of  the  deeper  mean- 
ing of  life.  Dr.  LeSage  made  effective 
use  of  slides  showing  outstanding  work 
of  the  modern  French  school  of  painters 
and  sculptors  and  touched  on  the  genius 
behind  the  architecture  of  famous  ca- 
thedrals. This  masterly  address  was  in 
itself  an  expression  of  the  noble  and  cul- 
tivated personality  of  the  speaker. 

There  were  several  delightful  things 
about  the  address  given  by  the  High 
Commissioner  for  the  United  Kingdom. 
To  besrin  with,  it  was  given  at  a  ban- 


Unveiling  of  the  bronze  flaque  erected  in  Notre-Dame  Church,  Montreal,  in 
memory  of  Jeanne  Mance  b\  the  Asso  iation  of  Registered  Nurs-es  of  the  Pro- 
vince  of  Quebec 

AUGUST,   1942 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


Rt.  Hon.  Malcolm  MacDonald 

Photo  by  Karsh,  Ottawa 

quet  which  turned  out  to  be  quite  a 
gay  affair.  Mr.  MacDonald  was  ushered 
in  by  the  skirl  of  the  bagpipes  and  es- 
corted Grace  M.  Fairley,  as  true  a  Scot 
as  himself.  He  has  the  happy  knack  of 
establishing  immediate  contact  with  his 
audience  and,  as  he  told  the  gallant 
story  of  the  heroism  of  Bn't^ish  civilian 
nurses,  it  was  easy  to  understand  why 
he  made  such  an  excellent  Minister  of 
Health.  Mr.  MacDonald  has  a  clear 
conception  of  the  practice  of  nursing 
and  he  likes  and  respects  nurses.  He 
knows  that  nursing  is  not  yet  a  pro- 
fession but  he  is  sure  that  it  will  become 
one  and  he  set  a  high  mark  for  us  to 
aim  at. 

In  September,  the  Journal  will  also 
present  the  comprehensive  reports 
around  which  most  of  the  proceedings 
seemed  to  focus.  First  and  foremost  was 
the  report  prepared  by  the  Emergency 
Nursing  Adviser,  Kathleen  W.  Ellis, 
which    described    her    recent    activities. 


This  was  supplemented  by  the  report 
presented  by  her  French  associate.  Mile 
Suzanne  Giroux,  and  further  amplifica- 
tion was  provided  by  the  various  pro- 
vincial advisers.  Of  equal  value  was  the 
report  of  the  Committee  on  Education, 
presented  at  a  special  session  bv  Marion 
Lindeburgh  and  other  speakers  who  con- 
tributed under  different  headings  to  the 
discussion.  Among  them  were  Ruth 
Thompson,  on  schools  of  nursing  rec- 
ords; Miriam  Gibson,  on  uniformity  in 
examinations  for  registra'^ion  of  nurses; 
M.  Blanche  Anderson,  on  postgraduate 
clinical  experience;  Rae  Chittick,  on 
modernizing  the  Manual  on  Home 
Nursing;  Margaret  Kerr,  on  additional 
teaching  material  for  first-aid  instruc- 
tion; Norena  Mackenzie,  on  the  ad- 
ministrative problem;  M.  Jean  Wilson, 
on  clinical  teaching  and  supervision; 
Madalene  Baker,  on  preparation  for  the 
general  practice  of  nursing.  Almost  aU 
of  the  problems  which  came  up  for  con- 
sideration at  the  general  meetings  seem- 
ed to  be  related  to,  or  to  stem  out  of 
these  reports  and  the  discussion  arising 
out  of  them.  This  integration  was  most 
significant  and  goes  to  prove  that  nurs- 
ing service  and  education  are  one  and 
indivisible. 

Great  interest  was  displa)ed  in  the 
interim  report  of  the  special  committee 
on  health  insurance  and  nursing  service 
presented  by  Alice  Ahern.  The  text  of 
the  authorized  Brief  presented  to  the 
federal  authorities  in  this  connection  will 
be  available  in  the  September  number. 
The  preparation  and  placement  of  aux- 
iliarj'  workers  in  wartime  nursing  serv- 
ice proved  to  be  a  lively  topic.  Those 
participating  in  its  presentation  were 
Fanny  Munroe,  M.  Blanche  Anderson, 
Eileen  Flanagan  and  Evelyn  Mallory. 
The  importance  of  maintaining  close 
co-operation  with  the  Canadian  Red 
Cross  Society  was  stressed  repeatedly 
and    Miss   Norena    Mackenzie,    nursing 


536 


Vol.  38,  No.  & 


MEETING    IN    MONTREAL 


537 


supervisor,  Canadian  Red  Cross  Society, 
made  some  interesting  comments  on  her 
activities  in  the  field.  Miss  A.  Edith  Fen- 
ton,  recently  appointed  as  nursing  ad- 
viser to  the  Ambulance  Committee  of 
the  St.  John  Ambulance  Brigade,  ex- 
pressed the  hope  that  the  excellent  re- 
lationship now  existing  between  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association  and  the 
Order  will  be  maintained  and  strength- 
ened. 

In  order  to  save  time,  it  was  found 
necessary  to  hold  the  meetings  of  the 
'^hree  Sections  concurrently.  It  is  to  be 
hoped  that,  somehow  or  other,  this  un- 
satisfactory compromise  may  be  avoided 
in  future.  The  meetings  of  each  Section 
should  be  so  planned  as  to  make  it  pos- 
sible for  the  members  of  the  other  Sec- 


tions to  af^end.  All  we  managed  to  get 
was  a  tantalizing  glimpse  of  the  three- 
ring  circus,  so  we  shall  have  to  wait 
until  the  manuscripts  come  in  —  and 
even  then  we  shall  not  have  had  the 
benefit  of  the  informal  discussions.  As 
Miss  S'^imson  told  us,  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association  is  extremel)  fortunate 
because  it  embraces  all  branches  of  nurs- 
ing service.  Let  us  make  sure  that  the 
Sections  can  "listen-in"  on  each  other. 
Programme  Committee  for  1944,  please 
note! 

In  a  very  special  sense,  this  Biennial 
Meeting  was  profoundly  significant  to 
those  whom  Mr.  MacDonald  spoke  of 
as  "Jeanne  Mance  and  her  inheritors". 
The  afternoon  spent  at  the  Hotel-Dieu 
as  the  o-uests  of  the   Reverend   Mother 


Receptioti   on  the  roof  at  I'HoteL-Dieu 


AUGUST,  1942 


THE    CANADIAN   NURSE 


^^•i'.    Soeur    Valerie   de   la   Sagesse   and 
Nursing  Sister  S.  Giroux 

Allard  and  les  Hospitalieres  de  Saint- 
Joseph  was  a  living  page  in  the  history 
of  nursing  in  Canada.  As  we  entered 
the  Cloister  gate  and  walked  through 
the  garden  to  the  museum  the  centuries 
faded  away  and  we  found  ourselves  in 
the  colony  of  Ville- Marie.  All  about  us 
were  the  treasures  of  another  world 
than  ours — lovely  pictures,  exquisite  em- 
broidery, delicate  china — lovingly  che- 
rished, beautifully  displayed.  Priceless 
manuscripts  were  there  for  us  to  read, 
among  them  a  letter  from  Jeanne  Man- 
ce  herself,  much  more  precious  to  us  as 
nurses  than  even  the  Charter  of  the 
Hotel-Dieu,  signed  by  Louis  the  Four- 
teenth in  his  own  royal  hand.  The  old 
bell,  once  used  as  an  alarm  when  the 
Iroquois  threatened  the  hospital,  still 
hangs  in  the  cloister  and  the  Reverend 
Mother  set  it  vibrating  gently  as  the 
President  of  the  International  Council 
of  Nurses  and  the  President  of  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association  stood  be- 
neath it.  As  will  be  seen  by  the  accom- 
panying illustration,  tea  was  served  on 
the  roof  of  the  Hospital.  Everywhere 
you  will  note  the  gracious  figures  of  the 
French-speaking  nurses,  wearing  the 
costume  of  Jeanne  Mance,  These  dresses 
were  made  of  soft  grey  silk,  with  very 


full  skirts  and  close  fitting  bodices.  The 
white  capes  were  made  of  the  same  ma- 
terial as  the  cap,  and  were  worn  with 
characteristic  grace  and  distinction. 

As  in  other  years,  the  Sunday  preced- 
ing the  General  Meeting  was  devoted 
to  religious  services.  In  the  evening, 
those  of  us  who  belong  to  the  Protestant 
faith  assembled  at  Christ  Church  Ca- 
thedral for  Evensong  and  heard  a  most 
inspiring  message  from  the  Very  Rev. 
Dean  Dixon.  In  the  morning,  a  Ponti- 
fical Mass  was  celebrated  at  the  Church 
of  Notre-Dame,  one  of  the  oldest  pa- 
rishes in  Montreal,  to  which  Jeanne 
Mance  herself  belonged.  The  many 
stained  glass  windows  portray  the  ex- 
ploits of  the  pioneers  and  one  is  specially 
dedicated  to  her  memory.  At  the  ap- 
pointed hour,  a  glorious  burst  of  music 
came  from  the  organ  and  the  strains 
of  "Land  of  Hope  and  Glory"  rang  out 
in  triumph.  The  procession  of  ecclesias- 
tical dignitaries,  robed  in  rnagnificent 
vestments,  was  most  impressive  and,  as 
the  Mass  reached  its  climax  in  the  Ele- 
vation of  the  Host,  a  solemn  hush  per- 
vaded the  whole  church.  At  the  con- 
clusion of  the  service,  the  procession 
paused  before  the  Jeanne  Mance  win- 
dow and  a  memorial  plaque  immediateh' 
beneath  it  was  consecrated  by  His  Ex- 
cellency, Mgr.  Joseph  Charbonneau, 
Archbishop  of  Montreal.  This  ceremony 
was  witnessed  by  the  Rev.  Mother  Al- 
lard, the  President  of  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association,  the  Matron-in-Chief 
in  Canada  of  the  Nursing  Service  of  the 
R.C.A.M.C,  and  the  president  of  the 
Association  of  Registered  Nurses  of  the 
Province  of  Quebec.  The  plaque  is  both 
beautiful  and  dignified  and  was  sculp- 
tured in  bronze  by  Alice  Nolin.  It  shows 
Jeanne  Mance  in  profile  and  was  the 
gift  of  the  Association  of  Registered 
Nurses  of  the  Province  of  Quebec. 

Elsewhere  in  this  issue  of  the  Journal 
you  will  find  a  delightfully  imaginative 


538 


Vol.  38.  No.  8 


I 


MEETING    IN    MONTREAL 


539 


sketch  written  by  Mile  Claire  Godbout. 
It  tells  of  a  visit  paid  to  Jeanne  Mance 
in  1672  by  Monsieur  Dollier  de  Cas- 
son  and  of  her  emotion  when  she  was 
told  '"hat  one  of  the  five  foundation 
stones  of  the  new  church,  then  under 
construction,  was  to  be  laid  by  her,  in 
the  name  of  the  Gentlemen  and  Ladies 
of  the  Society  of  Notre-Dame  of  Mont- 
real of  which  she  was  the  onl)'  surviving 
representative.  Two  hundred  and  se- 
venty years  later  her  own  name  was  to 
be  honoured  by  thousands  of  Canadian 
nurses  in  the  great  Church  which  re- 
placed that  earlier  structure. 

After  reverently  insp>ecting  the  me- 
morial plaque,  the  vast  congregation 
trooped  out  into  the  sunshine  which 
flooded  the  Place  d'Armes,  and  nurses 
in  their  gay  summer  dresses  went  over 
to  look  at  the  Maisonneuve  statue.  The 
steps  of  the  Church  were  crowded  with 
nuns  wearing  the  distinctive  habit  of 
many  rehgious  orders.  In  the  back- 
ground were  the  ancient  grey  walls  of 
the  monastery  of  the  Gentlemen  of  St. 
Sulpice.  It  was  in  this  Church  that  Jean- 
ne Mance  prayed  that  her  heart  should 
find  eternal  rest.  Where  the  treasure 
is,  there  shall  the  heart  be  also. 

Another  scene  that  will  long  be  re- 
membered, especially  bj'  those  who  took 
an  active  part  in  it,  was  the  conferring 
of  the  Mary  Agnes  Snively  Memorial 
Medals.  These  were  presented  on  be- 
half of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association 
to  Grace  M.  Fairley  and  E.  Frances 
Upton  by  Elizabeth  L.  Smellie,  C.B.E., 
R.R.C.,  LL.D.,  first  vice-president  of 
the  Association.  Miss  Smellie  spoke  with 
deep  feeling  of  the  inspiring  example 
set  by  the  woman  in  memory  of  whom 
the  Medal  has  been  named.  A  storm  of 
applause  greeted  each  recipient  as  she 
stepped  forward  to  receive  the  highest 
honour  which  the  Association  can  con- 
fer upon  its  members.  There  was  much 
regret    that    Eleanor    McPhedran    was 


Eileen  Flanagan 

President^     Assocuition     of     Registered 

Nurses  of  t/.e  Protnnce  of  Quebec 

Photo  by  Rtce,  Montreal 


Alena  J.  MacMaster 

Retiring    Honourar\    Treasurer    of    the 
Canadian   Nurses   Association 


Vol.  38,  No.  8 


540 


THE    CANADIAN   NURSE 


not  able  to  be  present  but  it  was  explain- 
ed that,  on  her  way  to  Montreal,  the 
President  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Asso- 
ciation had  presented  the  medal  to  Miss 
McPhedran  in  Calgary  at  a  delightful 
social  function  arranged  under  the  aus- 
pices of  the  Alberta  Association  of  Re- 
gistered Nurses. 

All  things  must  come  to  an  end  and, 
■  after  a  crowded  and  most  inspiring 
week,  the  meeting  drew  to  its  close. 
Grace  Fairley  clasped  hands  with  Ma- 
rion Lindeburgh  thereby  relinquishing 
the  joys  and  sorrows  of  her  high  office 
to  her  successor.  The  first  official  act 
of  the  new  President  was  to  pay  a  sincere 
and  moving  tribute  to  her  predecessor. 
Miss  Lindeburgh  said  that,  throughout 
her  four  years  of  office,  Grace  M.  Fair- 


ley  had  never  failed  to  give  generously 
of  her  best.  She  richly  deserves  the  Sni- 
vely  Medal  for  she  has  displayed  insight, 
wisdom  and  tolerance.  Her  diplomacy 
and  tact  as  well  as  her  unfailing  opti- 
mism and  humour  were  of  infinite  value 
during  a  trying  and  critical  period.  The 
other  officers  then  took  their  places  on 
the  platform  amid  enthusiastic  applause. 
They  are  Grace  M.  Fairley,  past  presi- 
dent; Marjorie  Buck,  first  vice-presi- 
dent; Fanny  Munroe,  second  vice-presi- 
dent; Rae  Chittick,  honorarj'  secretary; 
Marjorie  Jenkins,  honorary  treasurer. 
Under  their  capable  direction,  the  Cana- 
dian Nurses  Association  will  go  forward 
with  confidence  and  hope  along  the 
steep  upward  path  which  lies  before  us. 

—  E.T. 


The  New  President  of  the  CN.A. 


Marion   Lindeburgh 

Photo  by  Jacoby,  Montreal 


On  June  26th,  1942  at  the  General 
Meeting  in  Montreal,  Marion  Linde- 
burgh was  installed  as  the  new  President 
of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association. 

Miss  Lindeburgh  is  known  in  all  parts 
of  Canada  for  her  work  in  the  field  of 
nursing  education,  but  it  is  above  all  as 
a  person  that  she  makes  a  lasting  im- 
pression upon  all  who  are  fortunate 
enough  to  work  or  play  with  her.  Her 
early  years  were  spent  in  Saskatchewan 
where  she  became  a  successful  teacher 
before  entering  the  School  of  Nursing 
of  St.  Luke's  Hospital  in  New  York 
City  during  the  World  War  in  1916. 
From  the  beginning,  her  enthusiasm, 
her  willingness  to  work  and  her  teach- 
ing experience  marked  her  as  a  potential 
leader.  She  graduated  in  1919  and  ser- 
ved St.  Luke's  successively  as  head  nurse 
on  the  medical  and  surgical  wards  be- 
fore her  appointment  as  night  superin- 

Vol.  38.  No.  8 


THE   NEW   PRESIDENT   OF   THE    C.  N.  A. 


541 


tcndent,   a   position   which  she   held   for 
two  and  a  half  years. 

Miss  Lindeburgh  then  returned  to 
Saskatchewan  to  pioneer  in  the  field  of 
school  health  work,  at  first  in  the  grade 
schools  and  later  in  the  Normal  School 
at  Regina  as  instruc^^or  in  health.  Her 
experience,  her  understanding  of  the 
rural  teacher's  problems  and  her  know- 
ledge of  conditions  in  rural  schools  and 
•  homes,  made  her  work  particularly  ef- 
fective. Not  a  few  nurses  in  Canada  to- 
day trace  their  first  interest  in  nursing 
to  their  contact  with  Miss  Lindeburgh  as 
normal  school  students  or  as  young 
teachers  in  the  field.  For  her,  the  end 
of  term  did  not  mean  freedom  from 
work,  but  rather  an  opportunity  to  get 
into  the  schools  to  help  the  teachers  al- 
ready in  the  field.  One  particularly 
memorable  summer  was  spent  in  making 
a  survey  of  health  conditions  in  the  re- 
mote northern  part  of  Saskatchewan. 
Her  experiences  during  that  time,  when 
she  travelled  for  weeks  by  canoe  with 
an  Indian  guide  as  her  only  companion, 
would  outrival  a  Hollywood  "thriller". 

During  those  busy  years,  an  ability 
to  work  while  she  worked  and  play 
while  she  played,  enabled  her  to  make 
the  best  use  of  any  leisure  time.  In  the 
winter,  badminton  of  tournament  cali- 
bre kept  her  in  form  while  in  summer, 
as  a  member  of  the  Alpine  Club,  she 
rode  the  trails  and  mastered  <^he  stiffest 
climbs  in  the  Rockies.  To  this  day  she 
can  recount  with  all  the  requisite  pan- 
tomime the  effects  of  the  first  few  days 
ou*"!  The  end  of  the  season  found  her 
long  of  wind,  hard  as  nails  and  brown 
as  an  Indian,  ready  for  another  year  of 
strenuous  work.  Those  weeks  on  the 
summits  and  in  the  valleys  may  have 
some  bearing  on  her  ability  to  take  the 
long  view  in  nursing  as  in  other  matters. 

In  September  1929  Miss  Harmer, 
who  had  known  Miss  Lindeburgh  at 
St.  Luke's,  was  able  to  persuade  her  to 

AUGUST,   1942 


leave  the  West  and  to  join  the  staff  of 
the  School  for  Graduate  Nurses  at  Mc- 
Gill  University.  Never  satisfied  with 
half  measures.  Miss  Lindeburgh  set 
about  preparing  herself  for  her  new 
work  and  in  spite  of  her  teaching  sche- 
dule, completed  the  requirements  for 
the  Bachelor  of  Science  Degree  which 
she  received  from  Columbia  University 
in   1932. 

After  the  presentation  of  the  Weir 
report  at  the  St.  John  meeting  in  1932, 
Miss  Lindeburgh  was  named  chairman 
of  the  Curriculum  Committee  of  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association.  A  period 
of  four  years  elapsed  before  the  "Pro- 
posed Curriculum  for  Schools  of  Nurs- 
ing in  Canada"  was  published  as  a  goal 
toward  which  nursing  schools  are  still 
striving. 

The  organization  of  the  Curriculum 
Committee  to  include  representatives  of 
all  provinces  and  of  each  field  of  nurs- 
ing service  marked  a  turning  point  in 
educational  planning  for  out  of  this  ex- 
perience grew  the  framework  for  the 
permanent  Committee  on  Nursing  Edu- 
cation which  replaced  the  original  Cur- 
riculum Committee.  As  the  first  chair- 
man of  the  Committee  on  Nursing  Edu- 
cation, Miss  Lindeburgh  s'^rengthened 
the  earlier  work  on  the  undergraduate 
curriculum  by  the  publication  of  a  sup- 
plement which  emphasized  the  im- 
provement of  teaching  in  the  clinical 
field. 

When  Miss  Harmer  died  in  1934, 
Miss  Lindeburgh  assumed  responsibility 
for  directing  the  McGill  School  for  Gra- 
duate Nurses  during  a  very  difficult 
time  in  its  financial  history.  In  spite  of 
the  tremendous  volume  of  work  invol- 
ved in  this  task,  time  was  found  for 
holding  office  in  the  Canadian  Nurses 
Association,  securing  a  Master  of  Arts 
degree  from  Columbia  University  and 
contributing  to  innumerable  refresher 
courses  from  coast  to  coast.  It  is  diffi- 


542 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


cult  to  decide  whether  her  greatest  in- 
fluence is  as  an  inspiration  to  countless 
students  in  emphasizing  the  need  for 
"quality  nursing"  and  "the  patient 
point  of  view",  or  through  the  commit- 
tee work  which  has  heen  a  very  vital 
force  in  raising  the  standard  of  nursing 
education  and  nursing  service  in  Canada. 
A  brief  sketch  of  this  nature  can  only 
suggest  the  qualities  which  the  new 
President  brings  to  the  task  which  she 
shares  with  the  other  members  of  the 
Executive  Committee,  that  of  directing 
the    course    of    professional    nursing    in 


Canada  during  the  next  two  \ears.  Suf- 
fice it  to  say  that  in  taking  her  place  in 
the  lengthening  line  of  outstanding  wo'- 
men  who  have  shaped  the  policies  of  the 
Association,  Miss  Lindeburgh  brings  not 
only  rich  experience  and  proven  ability 
for  leadership  but  boundless  energy,  a 
fine  fai*'h  and  indomitable  courage  as 
well.  At  a  time  when  hard-won  stand- 
ards must  be  main^'ained  in  addition  to 
building  new  strengths  for  the  future 
these  qualities  take  on  added  significance. 

Mary  S.  Mathewson 


Forty-Eight  Hours  in  Prince  Edward  Island 


Having  been  duly  advised  by  the  rep- 
resentatives from  Prince  Edward  Island 
that  a  visit  to  "the  Island"  might  be 
restful  rather  than  eventful,  the  invita- 
tion to  pay  one  following  the  activities 
of  a  biennial  convention  was  secretly 
welcomed  by  the  Emergency  Nursing 
Adviser  before  taking  up  sterner  duties 
that  stemmed  out  of  the  deliberations 
of  the  week  of  June  21. 

After  two  very  interesting  days  spent 
in  Pictou  at  a  joint  meeting  of  the  Mari- 
time Hospital  Associations,  now  one  or- 
ganization, the  Adviser  drifted  pleasant- 
ly across  the  Northumberland  Straits. 
Plans  made  by  the  energetic  President 
of  the  Prince  Edward  Island  Registered 
Nurses  Association,  Miss  Katharine 
MacLennan,  and  the  Provincial  Ad- 
viser, Miss  Anna  Bennett,  included  a 
visit  to  the  Principal  of  the  Prince  of 
Wales  College  and  a  more  formal  one 
to  the  Premier  of  the  Province  and  h:s 
Executive  Committee.  All  of  these 
dignitaries  listened  graciously  to  the  pre- 
sentation of  conditions  affecting  nursing 
service  in  the  present  crisis.  They  as- 
sured the  delegates  of  their  sympathetic 


support  and  expressed  appreciation  of  the 
replies  given  to  some  of  their  pertinent 
inquiries  regarding  contributions  made 
to  date  by  the  nurses  of  Prince  Edward 
Island.  The  Deputy  Minister  of  Health 
signified  his  interest  by  accompanying 
the  delegation  and  endorsing  the  picture 
which  thty  presented. 

Sandwiched  in  between  these  visits 
was  one  made  to  the  historic  Federation 
Chamber.  Here,  as  a  representative  of 
the  Canadian  Nurses  Association,  the 
Adviser  was  invited  to  sign  in  the  book 
provided  for  the  signatures  of  Their 
Majesties  the  King  and  Queen  when 
they  visited  Canada,  and  with  the  pen 
which  they  used.  Both  book  and  pen 
now  only  appear  by  special  arrange- 
ment. 

In  the  afternoon  a  delightful  visit  to 
Government  House  was  included.  Ad- 
dresses were  given  in  the  afternoons  and 
evenings  of  both  days,  at  Charlottetown 
and  Summerside  respectively.  These 
afforded  opportunities  to  meet  lay 
groups,  representing  leading  organiza- 
tions, and  professional  ones.  The  Ad- 
viser was  privileged  to  speak  at  a  meet- 

Vol.  38,  No.  8 


RESPONSE  FROM  THE  FEDERAL  GOVERNMENT         543 


ino-  of  the  provincial  medical  association 
and  to  suggest  the  importance  of  close 
co-operation  between  doctors  and  nurses 
in  the  present  crisis.  It  was  also  made 
possible  to  give  a  radio  broadcast  on  the 
second  morning  and  courtesy  visits  were 
paid  to  the  three  schools  of  nursing  on 
the  Island,  when  the  Adviser  was  most 
cordiallv  received.  An  air  raid  precau- 
tion practice  at  Summerside  was  an  un- 
expected   but    interesting    experience. 

Luckil}-  for  the  Adviser  this  "un- 
eventful visit"  was  followed  by  two 
days'  rest  so  definitely  invited  by  the 
allurino;    surroundings.       Kind     friends 


made  sure  that  they  shared  with  her 
"sun  and  fun  on  the  sands",  a  visit  to 
a  famous  fox  farm,  the  notorious 
magnetic  hill  and  other  beauties  of  this 
England  of  Canada — the  Cradle  of 
Confederation.  Preparations  for  this 
visit  indicated  true  interest  and  inspiring 
leadership  that  assuredly  nurses  on  the 
Island  appreciate  and  are  prepared  to 
follow,  as  they  readily  supported  a  pro- 
gram that  may  well  serve  as  a  challenge 
for  further  developments. 

Kathleen  W.  Ellis 
Emergency  \  ursing  Adviser 
Canadian  Nurses  Association 


Response  from  the  Federal  Covernment 


The  welcome  news  has  just  been  re- 
ceived that  the  Federal  Government  has 
made  a  grant  of  $1 15,000  to  encourage 
and  aid  efforts  to  meet  urgent  require- 
ments for  providing  adequate;  national 
nursing  service.  This  grant  is  the  respon- 
se to  an  appeal  made  to  the  Govern- 
ment by  the  Canadian  Nurses  Associa- 
tion in  November  of  last  year. 

The  Canadian  Nurses  Association  is 
sincerely  grateful  to  the  Honourable  Ian 
MacKenzie,  Minister  of  Pensions  and 
National  Health,  and  to  the  members 
of  his  Department,  for  a  most  courteous 
hearing  and  for  the  invaluable  advice 
and  assistance  that  has  been  freely  given 
to  the  delegates  of  the  Association  who 
on  several  occasions  have  been  afforded 
the  privilege  of  conferring  with  them. 
The  Minister  has  manifested  a  clear 
comprehension  of  the  existing  national 
nursing  crisis  and  of  its  possible  effect 
upon  the  health  and  welfare  of  the  peo- 
ple of  Canada.  There  can  be  no  doubt 
that  this  sympathetic  and  understanding 
attitude  on  the  part  of  the  Minister  had 


a  great  influence  in  this  grant  being 
made. 

It  will  be  understood-  that,  at  this 
stage  in  the  proceedings,  full  details  of 
the  conditions  under  which  the  money 
will  be  distributed  cannot  yet  be  announ- 
ced. The  fund  will  be  administered,  on 
the  approval  of  the  National  Direc'^or 
of  the  Public  Health  Services  of  the 
Federal  Government,  through  the  Can- 
adian Nurses  Association.  This  trust 
places  a  heavy  responsibility  upon  our 
members  since  no  sum,  however  large, 
could  possibly  meet  every  legitimate 
need.  It  will  be  necessary  that  a  care- 
ful study  be  made  in  order  to  determine 
the  allocation  of  funds  and,  in  this  stu- 
dy, the  Provincial  Associations  of  Re- 
gistered Nurses  will  be  expected  to  par- 
ticipate. 

The  Federal  Government  may  be  as- 
sured that  we,  the  members  of  the  Cana- 
dian Nurses  Association,  are  both  ready 
and  willing  to  do  everything  in  our 
power  to  show  our  appreciation  of  this 
timely   help.    We    accept   with    courage 


AUGUST,   1942 


544 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


and  confidence  our  share  of  the  task 
of  providing  skilled  and  competent  nurs- 
ing care  for  the  people  of  Canada.  Never 
before  have  the  nurses  of  Canada  re- 
ceived such  recognin'on  of  their  contri- 
bution to  national  service.  The  Federal 
Government  has  demonstrated  its  faith 
in  their  competence  and  ability  to  serve. 


Therefore,    in    accepting   this   assistance 
they  do  so  with   the  assurance   that  all 
nursing    organizations    will    realize    the 
responsibility  placed  upon  them  and  the 
definite   challenge   that  it  presents. 
Marion  Lindeburgh 
President 
The  Canadian  Nurses  Association. 


A  New  Liaison  Officer 


Announcement  is  made  of  the  ap- 
pointment of  A.  Edith  Fenton  as  sec- 
retary to  the  Ambulance  Committee  of 
the  Saint  John  Ambulance  Brigrade. 
Miss  Fenton  will  act  as  advisor  to  the 
Ambulance  Committee  on  all  nursing 
problems  and  will  help  to  maintain  con- 
tact with  the  Canadian  Nurses  Associa- 
tion.   She   is   a   graduate   of  the   School 


A.  Edith  Fenton 

Photo  by  Karsh,  Ottawa 


of  Nursing  of  the  Hospital  for  Sick 
Children,  Toronto,  and  subsequently 
took  a  course  in  public  health  nursing  in 
the  Toronto  University  School  of  Nurs- 
ing. After  serving  on  the  staff  of  the 
Public  Health  Department  of  Toronto, 
Miss  Fenton  was  associated  for  two  years 
with  the  work  of  the  Massachusetts- 
Halifax  Health  Demonstration  which 
did  so  much  to  repair  the  ravages  of  the 
disaster  which  wrecked  Halifax  during 
the  first  Great  War.  In  1925  she  was 
appointed  superintendent  of  the  Dal- 
housie  University  Public  Health  Clinic, 
a  position  which  she  held  until  shortly 
before  her  present  appointment  was 
made.  Miss  Fenton  has  taken  an  active 
part  in  nursing  organizations  and  has 
held  office  in  various  capacities  in  the 
Registered  Nurses  Association  of  Nova 
Scotia.  She  is  fond  of  out-door  sports 
and  has  many  interests  outside  the  pro- 
fessional field. 

The  St.  John  Ambulance  Brigade  is 
to  be  congratulated  upon  appointing  a 
well  prepared  nurse  to  act  as  liaison 
officer  between  the  Order  and  the  nurs- 
ing profession.  We  shall  thus  be  able  to 
work  more  effectively  together  for  the 
safety  and  protection  of  the  Canadian 
people. 


Vol.  38,  No.  & 


Notes  From  the  National  Office 

Contributed  by  JEAN  S.  WILSON, 
Executive  Secretary,  The  Canadian  Nurses  Association 


General  Meeting  1942 

The  news  story  of  the  Biennial  Meet- 
ing of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association 
appears  in  this  issue  of  the  Journal  and 
gives  the  highlights  of  this  most  success- 
ful event.  The  September  number  will 
contain  the  full  text  of  the  principal  ad- 
dresses and  reports  as  well  as  a  summary 
of  various  important  recommendations. 

The  officers  elected  for  the  biennium 
1942-1944  are:  President,  Miss  Marion 
Lindeburgh,  Director  of  the  School  for 
Graduate  Nurses,  McGill  University, 
Montreal;  First  Vice-President,  Miss 
Marjorie  Buck",  Superintendent,  Norfolk 
General  Hospital,  Simcoe,  Ontario; 
Second  Vice-President,  Miss  F.  Mun- 
roe.  Superintendent,  School  of  Nursing, 
Royal  Victoria  .  Hospital,  Montreal; 
Honourarv  Secretary,  Miss  Rae  Chit- 
tick,  Instructor  in  HeaUh  Education, 
Provincial  Normal  School,  Calgary, 
Alberta;  Honourary  Treasurer,  Miss 
Marjorie  Jenkins,  Superintendent, 
Children's  Hospital,  Halifax,  Nova 
Scotia. 

The  officers  of  the  three  National 
Sections  are:  Hos-pital  and  School  of 
Nursing  Section:  chairman.  Miss  Miriam 
Gibson,  Instructor,  School  of  Nursing, 
Hospital  for  Sick  Children,  Toronto, 
Ontario;  first  vice-chairman',  Miss  E. 
G.  McNallv,  assistant  superintendent, 
Brandon  General  Hospital,  Brandon, 
Manitoba;  second  vice-chairman,  Miss 
Martha  Batson,  Instructor,  School  for 
Nurses,  Montreal  General  Hospital, 
Montreal,  Quebec;  secretary-treasurer. 
Miss    Flora    MacLellan,    Instructor    of 


Nurses,  Ontario  Hospital,  New  Toron- 
to, Ontario.  General  \ ursifig  Section: 
chairman,  Miss  Madalene  Baker,  Lon- 
don, Ontario;  first  vice-chairman.  Miss 
Pearl  Brownell,  Registrar,  Doctors' 
and  Nurses'  Registry,  Winnipeg,  Mani- 
toba; second  vice-chairman.  Miss  Mabel 
McMullen,  St.  Stephen,  N.B.;  secre- 
tary-treasurer. Miss  Agnes  Conroy,  404 
Regent  St.,  London,  Ontario.  Public 
Health  Section:  chairman.  Miss  Lyle 
Creelman,  Director,  Public  Health 
Nursing,  Vancouver,  British  Columbia; 
vice-chairman.  Miss  A.  Martineau, 
ecole  d'Hygiene  sociale  appliquee,  Uni- 
versite  de  Montreal;  secretarv-treasurer, 
Mrs.  Geraldine  Langton,  Department 
of  Nursing,  University  of  British  Colum- 
bia, Vancouver,  British  Columbia. 


British  Nurses  Relief  Fund 

Contributions   to    the    Bri'^ish    Nurses 
Relief  Fund  have  been  received  from: 

British  Columbia: 

Victorian  Order  of  Nurses,  Oliver      $  7.00 

Manitoba: 

Brandon  Graduate  Nurses 

Association   200.00 

General  Staff  Nurses.  Winnipeg 

General   Hospital    50.00 

Registered  Nurses  of  Souris    86.00 

Nursing  &  Medical   Staff, 

King  George  Hospital    30.10 

The  War  Amputations  of  Canada  . .  15.00 

Sheas  Winnipeg  Brewery  Limited  . .  100.00 

A.    A.,    Winnipeg   General    Hospital  206.55 

Misericordia    Hospital    40.13 

A.  A.,  Victoria  Hospital   8.50 


AUGUST,   1942 


545 


546 


THE    CANADIAN   NURSE 


Flin  Flon  Graduate  Nurses 

Association   25.00 

A.  A..  St.  Boniface  Hospital   29.50 

Individual  donations  from  nurses  of 

the   Province    42.75 

Nova  Scotia'. 

Halifax   Group,   Royal   Victoria 

Alumnae  2.25 

Halifax    Branch,    R.X.A.X.S.  14.75 

Lunenburg  Co.   Branch,   R.X.A.X.S.  10.00 

Ontario: 

District  1 : 

Student  X'urses,  Sarnia  General 

Hospital  10.00 

Districts  2  and  3 : 
X'ursing   Staff,   Stratford  General 

Hospital  34.00 

District  4: 
Student  Xurses,  Xiagara  Falls 

General  Hospital  47.00 

District  5 : 
A. A.,   Toronto   General   Hospital 

(for  May.  July.  August)  525.05 

A. A.,  Toronto  East  General  Hospital  25.00 
A. A.,  Royal  Victoria  Hospital,  Barrie  40.00 
Miss  Beatrice  Longstreet  &  group  of 

nurses  12.00 

Matron  &  Xursing  Sisters,  Military 

Hospital,  Camp  Borden  20.50 

Nursing   Sisters,  Toronto  Convales- 
cent Hospital  10.00 


Xursing  Sisters,  Toronto  Military 

Hospital  23.00 

Staff  Nurses,  Toronto  Hospital, 

Weston  8.50 

Professional  Women's  Association, 
War  Charities  Committee, 
Toronto  Hospital,  Weston  25.00 

Graduate  Staff,  Hospital  for  Sick 
Children,   Toronto    (city  and 
country  branch)  30.00 

Superintendent  of  Nurses  and  Super- 
visors, Toronto  East  General 
Hospital  8.50 

District  6 : 

Peterborough  nurses  15.25 

A. A.,  Ross  Memorial  Hospital, 

Lindsay  7.00 

District  8: 

A.A.,  St.  Luke's  Hospital,  Ottawa       160.00 

District  9 : 

Individual   contributions  2.00 

Xurses  of  District  9,  Xevv  Liskeard      150.00 

District  10: 

Xurses  of  Fort  William  Sanatorium        10.00 

Xursing  Staff,  Little  Long  Lac 

Hospital,  Geraldton  12.00 

Prince   Edward   Island: 

Prince  Edward  Island  Hospital  30.00 

Prince  County  Hospital  30.00 


Quebec: 
A.R.X.P.Q. 


1000.00 


A  Timely  and  Generous  Gift 


Within  the  past  few  weeks  the  di- 
rectors of  several  Departments  and 
Schools  of  Nursing  in  Canadian  Univer- 
sities were  both  surprised  and  delighted 
to  receive  the  following  letter  from 
Mr.  Emory  Morris,  director  of  the  W. 
K.  Kellogg  Foundation,  Battle  Creek, 
Michigan,  U.S.A.: 

The  Foundation  has  been  studying  the 
problems  in  nursing  schools  created  by  the 
war  effort  and  is  desirous  of  assisting 
selected  schools  in  preparing  additional  nur- 
ses whose  services  will  be  available  prin- 
cipally for  the  various  military  services.  We 


are  familiar  with  the  type  of  assistance  that 
has  been  provided  by  the  United  States  Pub- 
lic Health  Service  to  nursing  schools.  We 
are  not  quite  as  well  acquainted  with  the 
problems  and  programs  in  Canada.  Our 
Canadian  friends,  however,  have  advised  us 
that  students  in  the  Canadian  schools  face 
problems  similar  in  every  respect  to  those  on 
this  side  of  the  border.  Our  interest  is  prim- 
arily in  the  student  who  needs  a  loan  or 
scholarship  to  enter  or  maintain  herself  in 
a  school  of  nursing.  We  believe  that  it  is  a 
matter  of  great  importance  to  the  nation 
that  the  present  stream  of  professional  wo- 
men in  nursing  be  maintained  at  a  maximum. 


Vol.  38,  No.  8 


A   TIMELY'    AND    GENEROUS    GIFT 


547 


The  Foundation  is,  therefore,  offering  a 
grant  of  $4,000  to  your  school  of  nursing  to 
be  used  for  loans  or  scholarships  for  nurs- 
ing students.  Conferences  with  the  deans  of 
nursing  schools  reveal  many  differences  in 
the  needs  of  nursing  schools  and  some  dif- 
ferences of  opinion  as  to  the  relative  merit 
of  student  loans  and  scholarships.  We  are 
trying  to  make  these  funds  as  valuable  to 
you  in  your  own  situation  as  we  possibly 
can.  We  feel  that  loan  funds  will  help  the 
greatest  number,  however,  we  would  be 
willing  to  have  you  utilize  not  to  exceed 
$1,000  of  this  amount  for  scholarship  funds 
if  you  care  to  so  specify. 

Funds  granted  by  the  Foundation  under 
this  plan  will  be  in  the  nature  of  a  gift  to 
the  school  and  will  not  be  returned.  Loan 
funds  should  be  set  up  and  payments  on  the 
loans  made  to  the  school,  thus  providing  a 
continuing  or  revolving  fund.  The  Founda- 
tion is  satisfied  to  leave  the  matter  of 
scholarships  entirely  in  the  hands  of  the 
school  to  use  whatever  machinery  is  custom- 
ary and  proper.  We  would  have  nothing  to 
do  with  the  selection  or  approval  of  the 
candidates.  We  would,  however,  ask  that  we 
be  furnished  with  a  brief  summary  of  the 
individual's  qualities  and  circumstances  after 
the  scholarship  has  been  awarded. 

We  would,  of  course,  expect  the  scholar- 
ships to  be  granted  on  the  basis  of  scholas- 
tic ability,  character,  and  need  in  comparison 
with  other  applicants.  It  is  our  hope  that 
money  so  used  will  be  chiefly  for  the  purpose 
of  encouraging  exceptional  students  other- 
wise unable  to  enter  the  field  of  nursing. 
This  would  mean  that  preference  would  be 
given  to  first-year  schola'ships.  Assistance 
might  also  be  given  to  pre-nursing  students 
whose  admission  has  been  approved.  The 
only  restriction  we  would  place  on  the  fund 
would  be  that  scholarships  should  not  amount 
to  more  than  $300  to  any  one  student  in  any 
year. 

Money  set  aside  for  loan  funds  would  be 
governed  by  the  usual  procedure  at  your 
school.  We  would  request,  however,  that 
should  interest  be  charged  for  these  loans 
it  not  e.xceed  2Vi%  per  annum. 

Should  this  offer  prove  to  be  of  value  in 
the  special  circumstances  at  your  school,   a 


formal  apnlication  sho--ld  immediately  be 
made  to  the  Foundation.  This  should  be 
signed  or  endorsed  by  the  president  of  your 
university.  It  should:  (a)  state  the  amount 
of  your  request  up  to  a  total  of  $4,000;  (b) 
state  exactly  how  the  check  should  be  made 
out:  (c)  specify  the  proportion  of  the  total 
you  will  set  aside  for  loan  funds  and  the 
oroTxirtion  for  scholarships  (not  to  exceed 
$1,000)  ;  (d)  contain  a  brief  statement  of 
the  conditions  under  which  loan  and /or 
scholarships  will  be  granted;  (e)  contain  a 
statement  agreeing  to  furnish  the  Foundation 
with  the  name  and  a  brief  case  history  of 
each  individual  receiving  a  scholarship;  (f) 
include  a  statement  of  the  number  of  nurs- 
ing students  now  receiving  aid  from  uni- 
versity loan  or  scholarshio  funds ;  the  maxi- 
rrum,  minimum,  and  ave-age  amounts  of 
these  loans  or  scholarships ;  and  the  total 
amount  now  available  for  these  purposes. 

It  is  recognized  that  a  grant  of  this  size 
is  not  sufficient  to  take  care  of  the  problem 
for  the  duration.  It  is  hoped,  however,  that 
it  will  be  large  enough  to  tide  your  students 
over  the  immediate  period  of  adjustment. 
Perhaps  the  example  of  the  Foundation's 
aid  can  be  used  to  stimulate  other  individuals 
and  organizations  to  help  with  this  serious 
problem  in  this  time  of  great  national  emer- 
gency. 

We  will  ask  you  sometime  after  the  first 
of  September  to  give  us  another  report  on 
your  problems  in  this  connection.  Should 
circumstances  warrant  such  action  at  that 
time,  the  Foundation  may  be  able  to  extend 
further  assistance  along  this  same  line.  The 
Foundation  will  not  be  able  to  assist  in  prob- 
lems of  institutional  financing.  Our  interest 
is  limited  to  the  subject  of  student  aid.  In 
the  meantime,  if  you  have  special  situations 
that  you  would  like  to  call  to  our  attention, 
do  not  hesitate  to  do  so. 

You  may  be  interested  to  know  that  the 
Foundation  has  made  this  or  a  similar  offer 
to  nearly  115  schools  of  medicine,  dentistry, 
and  public  health  in  this  country  and  Canada. 
I  need  not  urge  you  to  reply  promptly  if 
your  school  is  interested. 

We  stand  in  due  need  of  financial 
help  in  preparing  our  young  nurses  for 
leadership  and  the  value  of  this  gener- 


AUGUST.   1942 


548 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


ous  and  timely  gift  is  so  great  that  it 
merits  and  will  receive  the  ardent  appre- 
ciation of  the  nursing  profession.  The 
W.  K.  Kellogg  Foundation  has  followed 
the  noble  example  set  by  similar  insti- 


tutions in  the  United  States  in  extending 
its  benefits  to  Canada.  We  welcome  this 
tangible  proof  of  American  friendship 
and  we  offer  the  Foundation  our  most 
profound  and  sincere  gratitude. 


A  Bright  Idea 


This  is  how  one  group  of  nurses  plans  to 
solve  the  shortage  of  nurses  in  their  local 
hospital.  In  response  to  the  appeal  made  by 
the  Provincial  Association,  a  large  number 
of  inactive  nurses  met  to  discuss  the  problem 
and  consider  how  best  it  could  be  dealt  with 
at  the  Kootenay  Lake  General  Hospital, 
Nelson,  B.  C.  You  will  realize  that  the  dif- 
ficulties of  leaving  a  home  and  small  child- 
ren are  many.  The  present  hospital  schedule 
makes  it  necessary  to  be  absent  from  6.30 
a.m.  until  7.30  p.m.  the  two  hours  leave 
during  the  day  being  of  no  value  to  those 
living  at  a  distance.  Such  a  routine  would 
be  impossible  to  all  of  us  but  many  feel  they 
could  arrange  for  a  daily  period  of  four 
hours  —  perhaps  more  or  less  according  to 
hospital  needs.  A  fee  of  fifty  cents  an  hour 
with  no  maintenance  was  agreed  upon,  and 
any  meals  required  are  to  be  paid  for  at  the 
rate  of  thirty- five  cents  which  is  granted 
to   special   nurses. 

No  sliding  scale  of  wage  was  considered 
as  an  inducement  for  full-time  employment, 
since  that  is  not  our  wish,  and  the  hospital 
already  offers  its  own  monthly  rate  which 
any  nurse  may  accept  if  she  so  desires.  It 
is  requested  that  no  call  be  made  for  less 
than  two  hours  or  more  than  eight  conse- 
cutive hours  in  twenty- four.  In  the  event 
of  emergency,  such  as  air  raid  or  epidemic, 
our  services  would  be  placed  at  the  disposal 
of  the  Red  Cross  and  the  medical  authorities 
but.   in   present   conditions,   which   may   pre- 


vail over  a  long  period,  only  a  portion  of 
time  can  be  spared  from  our  homes  and 
families. 

The  hourly  duty  nurse  will  make  it  pos- 
sible for  the  hospital  to  operate  with  a 
skeleton  permanent  staff,  whose  duties  may 
lighten  from  time  to  time,  and  thus  easily 
and  quickly  adapt  its  services  to  fluctuations 
in  ward  work.  Since  we  require  no  main- 
tenance, holidays,  sick  leave,  or  hospitaliza- 
tion, unless  through  accident  or  illness  di- 
rectly due  to  our  duties,  hourly  duty  nurs- 
ing would  appear  to  be  an  economical  solu- 
tion to  a  difficult  situation. 

We  have  at  present  fourteen  nurses  who 
are  prepared  to  work  under  this  scheme, 
thus  assuring  a  daily  service  of  fifty-six 
hours,  and  we  are  confident  this  can  be 
greatly  increased  from  the  large  pool  of 
nurses  in  this  district.  We  are  all  graduates, 
registered  or  resigned  in  good  standing  who, 
though  inactive  for  various  periods  of  time, 
we  know  will  give  much  better  care  to  the 
sick  than  inexperienced  ward  aides. 

Not  only  as  nurses  do  we  feel  called  upon 
to  answer  this  appeal  for  assistance  but  also 
as   citizens  of   Nelson  we  believe   it  is   im- 
perative  to  .maintain   the   high   standard   of 
this   institution   so   vital   to  our  community. 
Charlotte  Homersham 
(nee,  Charlotte  Collins) 
Graduate  of  the  School  of  Xiirsing 
of  the  Kootenay  Lake  General  Hospital, 

1923. 


A  New  Appointment 


Miss  Olive  Waterman  has  recently  been 
appointed  superintendent  and  director  of 
nursing  education  in  the  McKellar  Gen- 
eral Hospital,  Fort  William,  Ont.  Miss 
Waterman  is  a  graduate  of  the  School  of 
Nursing    of    the    Nicholls    Hospital,    Peter- 


borough, and  has  had  considerable  experience 
in  both  administration  and  teaching.  For 
eight  years  she  rendered  excellent  service  as 
superintendent  of  the  Soldiers  Memorial 
Hospital  at  Orillia.  Her  former  colleagues 
and  her  manv   friends  wish  her  all  success. 


Vol.  38.  No.  8 


HOSPITALS   &    SCHOOLS    cf  NURSING 


Contributed  by  the  Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing  Section   of  the   C.   N.   A. 


A  Central  Dressing  Room 


Sister  Marie  Irenaeus 


At  St.  Martha's  Hospital,  Antigonish, 
plans  have  been  carried  out  to  convert 
the  central  linen  room  into  a  central 
service.  A  spacious  room  29  x  14  x  12 
ft.  is  situated  conveniently  to  the  surgical 
floor  and  is  on  the  second  floor  in  the 
main  building.  As  you  enter,  your 
progress  is  impeded  by  a  counter  which 
is  four  feet  high  and  has  a  ledge  about 
one  foot  wide.  The  main  purpose  of 
this  counter  is  to  serve  students  and 
doctors  with  their  requirements,  and 
to  prevent  over-crowding  of  the  room, 
A  long  window  faces  the  west  and  the 
north  and,  on  your  left,  there  are  two 
divisions  of  open  shelves  with  closed  cup- 
boards above  j  each  division  is  comprised 
of  five  long  shelves,  which  are  sub- 
divided into  sections  according  to  equip- 
ment. On  your  right,  a  portion  of  the 
wall  space  is  utilized  in  a  large  cupboard 
in  which  the  stock  solutions  and  supplies 
are  kept.  The  autoclave  is  in  the  centre 
and,  in  the  northwest  corner,  we  have  a 
large  sink.  A  long  work  table  runs 
the  entire  length  of  the  room  with  just 
enough  available  space  to  pass  at  either 
end;  this  has  cupboards  and  drawers 
which  provide  for  the  storage  of  sterile 
towels,  oil  silk,  syringes,  compress  basins, 
etc.  Near  the  east  wall  we  have  the 
ox}'gen  tank,  Tomac  evacuator,  and  a 
small    instrument   sterilizer.      The    sur- 


gical carriage  i.s  placed  on  the  south  side, 
while  on  the  east  we  have  the  super- 
visor's desk. 

Central  service  is  not  a  new  idea  by 
any  means,  but  for  us  it  was  a  new 
venture,  and  we  had  our  occasional  skep- 
tic and  scoffer  at  the  beginning.  We 
have  had  an  abundance  of  cooperation 
from  the  superintendent,  doctors  and 
nurses,  without  which  no  idea,  however 
sound  or  impregnable,  can  live.  We 
would  like  now  to  give  a  brief  resume 
of  the  equipment  carried  by  this  depart- 
ment: 

Surgical  Section  :  5  surgical  dressing  trays 
(12  packs);  2  suture  trays  (12  packs); 
1  suturing  tray  (1  pack).  Clip  removers  and 
appliers  are  kept  in  a  solution  of  lysol  and 
alcohol  and  when  necessary  placed  in  a 
surgical  or  suturing  pack. 

Vcinccolosis  Section  :  2  intravenous  trays 
(7  packs)  ;  1  blood  transfusion  tray  (1 
pack)  ;   1   Neo-Salvarsan  tray. 

Treatment  Section:  2  catheter  trays  (8 
packs)  ;  2  bladder  irrigation  trays  (2 
packs);  2  stupe  trays;  1  burn-treatment 
tray ;   6  ether  trays ;   6  douche  trays. 

Special  Treatment  Section  :  1  spinal  punc- 
ture tray;  1  aspirating  tray;  2  eye  irriga- 
tion trays ;  2  ear  irrigation  trays :  1  nasal 
packing  tray;  2  nasal  feeding  trays. 

Miscellaneous  Section  :  Steam  inhalators  ; 
hot  packs  (body  or  limb)  ;  rubber  goods  and 
oil  silk ;  hot  water  bags ;  ice  caps ;   ice  col- 


AUGUSr.   1942 


550 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


lars ;   air   rings ;   binders ;   laparotomy   stock- 
ings and  O.  R.  caps. 

We  have  noted  in  our  hospital  that, 
as  most  of  our  extensions  are  apph'ed  in 
the  rooms  or  wards,  it  is  more  con- 
venient to  get  the  Buck's  extension  ap- 
paratus from  this  department.  Plaster 
bandages  and  metal  splints  are  usually 
applied  in  the  operating  room. 

We  supply  all  the  departments  of  the 
hospital  with  the  exception  of  the  oper- 
ating room  and  the  obstetrical  depart- 
ment as  these  are  independent  units. 
We  carry  a  staff  of  supervisor,  three 
senior  nurses  and  a  probationer  when 
possible.  Two  nurses  and  the  proba- 
tioner work  the  7-3  shift  while  the  third 
senior  works  the  3-11  shift  alone.  We 
arrange  that  there  will  be  somebody 
present  at  all  times,  and  we  can  say 
without  boasting  that  we  have  given 
excellent  service  to  doctors,  patients  and 
staff. 

The  supervisor  is  responsible  for  the 
supervision  of  all  work  of  the  staff,  such 
as  dressings,  treatments,  care  of  goods, 
preparation  of  intravenous  solution,  and 
the  initiating  of  new  students  as  they 
come  in.  For  the  first  two  weeks  the 
senior  nurse  who  is  on  duty  from  7  a.m. 
to  3  p.m.  has  charge  of  the  junior  nurse 
in  doing  small  dressings,  irrigations  and 
compresses  that  do  not  require  constant 
supervision.  She  is  also  responsible  for 
doing  dressings  with  doctors.  For  the 
first  two  weeks  of  the  7-3  shift,  the 
junior  nurse  accompanies  the  interne  in 
doing  dressings,  intravenous  or  other 
treatments.     At  the  end  of  the  first  two 


weeks  the  order  is  reversed  and  the 
junior  goes  with  the  doctors  while  the 
senior  assumes  her  responsibility.  The 
probationer  fills  out  floor  supplies,  solu- 
tions, and  helps  with  the  care  of  the 
instruments.  She  is  taught  to  handle 
sterile  supplies  and  becomes  more  cons- 
cious of  her  technique  when  she  is  per- 
mitted to  give  treatments  herself.  The 
3  to  1 1  nurse  has  general  responsibility 
for  everything  after  7  p.m.  The  nurses 
following  this  schedule  look  after  all 
compresses  to  operative  incisions.  It  is 
also  their  responsibility  to  do  all  sterile 
preparations  for  surgery,  but  they  are 
not  responsible  for  the  unsterile  prepara- 
tions. 

We  know  the  word  itself  is  ominous 
but  what  report  would  be  complete 
without  the  statistics:  Now  briefly,  let 
us  compare  the  figures  on  the  decentral- 
ized and  central  systems. 


Decentralized 
System 

1939-40 
86  rolls  adhesive 
100  rolls  cellulose 
90  rolls  gauze 
75  gallons    lysol 
2  gallons  alcohol 


Centralized 
System 

1940-41 
54  rolls   adhesive 
54  rolls  cellulose 
54  rolls  gauze 
26%  gallons  lysol 
1  gallon  alcohol 


Many  more  instances  could  be  cited 
of  the  wonderful  economic  value  of  this 
tried  system,  but  apart  from  this,  it  has 
proved  to  be  of  untold  educational 
worth.  The  students  have  learned 
much  that  will  be  of  considerable  help 
to  them  as  they  move  on  to  take  their 
place  in  the  operating  theatre. 


The  September  issue  of  The  Canadian 
Nurse  will  be  a  Special  Convention  Number, 
twice  the  usual  size,  and  will  contain  the  ad- 
dresses and  reports  given  at  the  Biennial 
Meeting  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association. 


Special  Convention  Number! 

You  just  can't  afford  to  miss  it  —  so  make 
sure  that  you  are  a  subscriber  in  good  stand- 
ing or  else  renew  immediately.  The  supply 
is  limited ! 


Vol.   39.   No.  8 


PUBLIC   HEALTH    NURSING 


Contributed  by  the  Public  Health  Section  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association. 


Public  Health  Nursing  in  Wartime 

Mildred  I.  Walker 


In  war  as  in  peace,  the  aim  of  public 
health  nursing  is  to  assist  the  family  as 
a  unit  to  achieve  maximum  health  and 
to  maintain  self-dependence.  The  me- 
thod of  achieving  this  objective  is 
changed  however  in  a  nation  at  war. 
Therefore  it  is  wise  to  review  our  pro- 
gram frequently  and  carefully  to  meet 
adequately  the  new  needs  of  the  famil) 
and  individuals. 

In  Canada,  in  peacetime,  the  family 
unit,  our  smallest  democracy,  was  fair- 
ly stationary  and  stable  so  that  in  an 
established  health  program  the  nurse 
could  predict  her  services  to  a  rea- 
sonable degree.  But  in  time  of  war,  in 
addition  to  the  percentage  of  the  popula- 
tion who  are  carrying  on  established 
activities,  we  have  in  our  country  today 
many  families  and  individuals  who  are 
constantly  moving  and  are  attempting 
to  find  space  to  live  in  congested  areas 
where  there  are  housing  shortages  and 
inadequate  services  in  other  ways.  These 
are  the  families  who  wish  to  reside  near 
the  father  and  husband  in  the  fighting 
forces  or  in  war  indus'^ries.  Because  of 
the  lack  of  a  fixed  abode,  conflict  and 
insecurity  is  created  in  the  members  of 
the  family.  It  also  causes  school  health 
services  to  be  overtaxed  and  even  dis- 
rupted due  to  the  turnover  in  the  popu- 
lation. The  efficiency  of  a  disease  pre- 


vention program  is  unpredictable  be- 
cause it  is  difficult  to  know  those  who 
are  susceptible  in  these  changing  groups 
and  to  make  plans  for  immunization 
and  health  education.  Due  to  their  short 
stay  in  the  community,  many  of  them 
are  unable  to  benefit  by  services  of- 
fered by  the  municipality  to  permanent 
residents.  Also,  living  near  military 
camp  areas,  are  large  numbers  of  young 
mothers  of  future  Canadian  citizens 
who  require  health  supervision. 

Solidarity  of  the  family  is  essential  to 
the  morale  of  the  father  who  has  en- 
listed in  the  military  service  for  the 
defence  of  his  countr)'  and  his  loved  ones. 
The  valiant  wives  and  mothers  in 
these  homes  are  endeavouring  to  solve 
their  problems  alone  where  formerly 
the  husband  and  wife  solved  them  to- 
gether without  help  from  outside  the 
family  unit.  The  public  health  nurse 
has,  along  with  her  health  teaching,  a 
notable  service  to  offer  in  wise  guidance 
and  counselling  so  that  the  letters  reach- 
ing the  husband,  many  days  and  weeks 
distant,  will  be  full  of  cheer  and  cou- 
rage. These  families  must  be  made 
aware  of  the  facilities  available  and  the 
nurse  in  her  educational  program  must 
create  in  them  a  desire  and  a  felt  need 
for  the  services  she  has  to  offer. 

It   is   essential   to   the   morale   of  the 


AUGUST,   1942 


552 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


fighting  forces  to  be  assured  of  ample 
supplies  and,  therefore,  the  very  highest 
efficiency  is  required  in  our  war  indus- 
tries. The  public  health  nurse,  in  the 
industrial  plant  and  in  the  community, 
must  know  the  twenty-four  hour  sched- 
ule of  the  households  from  which  come 
these  men  and  women  who  must  work 
with  continued  precision  and  endurance 
along  the  assembly  lines.  The  family 
health  program  should  provide  for  am- 
ple rest,  recreation,  good  nu'"rition,  and 
a  minimum  of  conflict  in  the  plant  and 
in  the  home.  It  must  also  include  a  care- 
fully worked  out  plan  of  child  care  for 
which  a  knowledge  of  home  conditions 
learned  through  home  visiting  is  im- 
perative, whether  the  mother  is  in  the 
home  or  in  industry. 

As  health  and  economy  are  two  of 
our  strong  weapons  in  a  successful  war 
effort,  we  must  be  ready  and  willing 
to  realign  community  services  objec- 
tively so  as  to  stretch  them  to  the  fullest 
capacity  to  meet  new  and  changing 
needs.  At  the  same  time,  we  must  safe- 
guard standards,  especially  in  the  qual- 
ity of  the  professional  services  offered 
and  the   nurse   must  have  qualifications 


comparable  to  the  functions  required  of 
her.  It  is  also  economical  to  apply  the 
techniques  of  inter-agency  co-operation 
in  family  service  and  it  has  been  sug- 
gested that  public  health  agencies  should 
amalgamate  to  the  extent  of  having  only 
two  agencies  in  the  community,  one 
private  and  one  public  agency.  If  this 
is  not  feasible,  then  let  us  plan  our 
services  around  the  individual  or  the 
family  as  a  whole,  discontinuing  as  far 
as  possible  the  former  custom  of  divid- 
ing them  up  chronologically,  or  accord- 
ing to  diseases  or  handicap,  which  is  so 
wasteful  of  much  needed  resources  un- 
less the  jig-saw  puzzle  of  agencies  fits 
smoothly.  This  is  more  easily  done  on 
paper  than  in  an  actual  life  situation. 
The  question  to  ask  ourselves  is:  "does 
it  work  to  the  best  advantage  of  all 
concerned?"  The  health  ajid  social  agen- 
cies in  the  community  must  decide  on 
the  most  efficient  way  to  assist  families 
to  self-dependence  and  maximum 
health,  permitting  the  worker  or  agency 
best  fitted  to  serve  in  that  capacity  to 
carry  the  service,  dependent  of  course 
upon  the  nature  of  the  situation.  We  can 
do  wonders  if  we  all  pull  together. 


Victorian  Order  of  Nurses  for  Canada 


The  following  are  the  staff  appointments 
to,  transfers,  and  resignations  from  the  Vic- 
torian Order  of  Nurses  for  Canada : 

Miss  Marjorie  Ashic,  a  graduate  of  the 
Nicholls  Hospital,  Peterborough,  and  of 
the  course  in  public  health  nursing.  Univer- 
sity of  Western  Ontario,  has  been  appointed 
nurse-in-charge    of    the    Burlington    Branch. 

Miss  Agues  Thomson,  a  graduate  of  St. 
Joseph's  Hospital,  London,  and  of  the  course 
in  public  health  nursing.  University  of  West- 
ern Ontario,  has  been  appointed  to  the  Ha- 
inilton  staff. 


Miss  Georgina  Carr  has  been  transferred 
from  the  Peninsula  Branch  as  nurse-in- 
charge  to  take  charge  of  the  branch  in  La- 
chine. 

Miss  Margaret  Mcintosh  has  been  trans- 
ferred from  the  Halifax  staff  to  the  Pictou 
staff. 

Miss  Blanche  Rickard  has  been  transferred 
from  the  Brantford  staff  to  the  Leaming- 
ton  Branch  as  nurse-in-charge. 

Miss  Minnie  Jackson  has  resigned  as 
nurse-in-charge  of  the  Burlington  Branch. 

Mrs.  Julia  C.  Dougall  has  resigned  from 
the  North  York  Branch. 


Vol.  38,  No.  8 


GENERAL   NURSING 


Contributed  by  the  General  Nursing  Section  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association 


A  Case  of  Anthrax 

Cecilia  Knaggs 

During  a  period  of  approximately  and  on  that  date,  he  called  the  physician, 
four  years,  not  a  single  case  of  anthrax  and  was  immediately  admitted  to  hos- 
had  been  reported  in  the  province  of  pital,  as  an  isolated  case.  His  tempera- 
Ontario.  On  January  5,  1942,  a  young  ture  on  admission  was  99.2°,  his  res- 
man  22  years  of  age  and  physically  piration  20,  and  his  pulse  "84.  A  blood 
strong  in  appearance  was  admit^^ed  to  culture  and  a  swab  from  the  affected 
St.  Joseph's  Hospital,  Toronto.  He  was  lesion  both  showed  anthrax  bacilli  to  be 
employed  at  a  suburban  tannery  where  present. 

he  had  occasion  to  handle  unprocessed  For  the  first  24  hours,  anti-anthrax 
hides  imported  from  India;  these  hides  serum  was  administered  intravenously 
are  a  favourable  source  for  anthrax  ba-  every  six  hours.  This  serum  is  obtained 
cillus,  which  may  be  transmitt^ed  to  man  from  the  blood  of  horses  that  have  been 
through  even  a  small  scratch  or  abra-  treated  with  gradually  increasing  doses 
sion.  Previous  to  admission,  an  irritat-  of  virulent  cultures  of  anthrax  bacillus, 
ing  vesicle  had  appeared  on  the  upper  A  dressing  of  arsenicalis  compresses  was 
part  of  the  right  shoulder  and  the  pa-  applied  to  the  lesion  and  kept  constant- 
tient  definitely  remembered  having  rub-  ly  moist.  By  the  second  day  after  ad- 
bed  this  area  to  relieve  a  slight  itching  mission  the  lesion  involved  an  area  of 
sensation.  For  four  days  after  the  irrita-  about  three  and  a  half  square  inches  and, 
tion  was  noticed,  the  condition  was  on  January  8,  the  temperature  reached 
considered  by  the  patient  and  his  em-  its  highest  peak,  registering  104.2°, 
ployer  to  be  of  simple  origin,  and  was  respiration  26  and  pulse  120.  The  se- 
treated  with  home  remedies.  On  Janua-  rum  injection  was  increased  to  100  c.  c. 
ry  5,  the  condition  of  the  local  area  was  every  six  hours  followed  by  an  arsenic 
more  severe,  and  the  general  condition  preparation  (Novarsan)  with  normal 
of  the  patient  became  unfavourable.  A  saline.  The  external  application  was 
large  bleb-like  formation  was  evident  changed  to  a  dressing  of  sulphathiazole 
with  an  encircling  area  of  darkened  powder.  For  four  days  longer  this 
tissue.  The  surrounding  tissues,  as  well  amount  of  serum  was  given,  at  which 
as  those  of  the  upper  arm  and  chest,  time  a  severe  reaction  developed.  Large 
were  markedly  swollen.  The  patient  blotches,  with  a  burning  and  itching 
suffered  from  slight  chills  but  did  not  sensation,  appeared.  These  were  parti- 
complain  of  intense  pain.  At  this  point,  cularly  pronounced  on  the   back,  abdo- 

AUGUST,   1942  553 


554 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


men  and  extremities  and  were  also  pre- 
sent on  the  eyelids.  This  was  treated  by 
an  injection  of  adrenalin  1/1000  given 
in  doses  of  ^  c.  c.  every  half-hour  until 
the  condition  improved.  Calamine  lo- 
tion was  applied  to  the  skin  irritations, 
and  ice  packs  placed  on  the  eyes. 

On  January  11,  the  serum  treatment 
was  reduced  to  100  c.c.  every  12  hours 
for  two  doses  and  the  next  day  the  order 
was  further  changed  to  50  c.  c.  of  serum 
injection  every  12  hours.  During  the 
first  week,  nausea  and  vomiting  oc- 
curred frequently  and  the  patient  suf- 
fered from  abdominal  cramps  with  slight 
dysentery.  When  these  symptoms  be- 
came evident,  the  Novarsan  was  discon- 
tinued. The  following  four  days,  the 
treatment  consisted  only  of  50  c.c.  of  se- 
rum every  twelve  hours.  During  this 
time  the  patient  became  more  comfort- 
able, his  digestion  was  entirely  normal, 
and  he  ate  a  full  diet  heartily.  The  tem- 
perature had  gradually  fallen  to  normal. 
Slight  reactions  occurred  occasionally 
during  the  last  few  days  of  treatment. 
A   daily   blood   culture   had   been   taken 


from  the  time  of  admission.  Each  one, 
with  the  exception  of  the  first,  was  re- 
ported negative.  Serum  extracted  from 
the  lesion  during  the  second  week,  on 
three  different  occasions  also  gave  a  ne- 
gative report. 

On  January  19,  the  physician  pro- 
nounced the  isolation  period  to  be  over. 
Prior  to  this,  strict  isolation  technique 
was  a  most  important  factor  in  the 
nursing  procedures  of  this  case.  All 
dishes,  bed  linen  and  everything  coming 
in  contact  with  the  patient  was  auto- 
claved  and  discarded  dressings  were 
burned.  Gowns  and  gloves  were  worn 
by  physicians  and  nurses  while  in  at- 
tendance. Coming  out  of  isolation,  the 
patient  was  given  a  bichloride'  bath  and 
all  treatments  were  discontinued.  The 
room  he  had  occupied  was  thoroughly 
renovated  and  the  mattress  and  pillows 
autoclaved.  Five  days  later  the  patient 
was  discharged  and  left  the  hospital  feel- 
ing well  and  gaining  s*"rength  rapidly. 
Throughout  his  illness  he  had  displayed 
a  cheerful  and  optimistic  mood  and  was 
entirely   co-operative   in    every    respect. 


Over  a  National  Hook-up 


History  was  made  in  more  ways  than  one 
during  the  C.  N.  A.  meeting  in  Montreal.  In 
recognition  of  the  importance  of  the  occa- 
sion, the  Canadian  Broadcasting  Corpora- 
tion graciously  invited  Grace  M.  Fairley, 
President  of  the  Association,  to  speak  on 
nursing  and  nurses  and,  although  we  have 
often  broadcast  from  local  stations,  this  is 
the  first  time  that  we  have  been  given  the 
special  privilege  of  a  "national  hook-up". 
It  was  not  easy  to  prepare  a  two-thousand 
word  script  and  to  find  time  for  rehearsals 
while  the  sessions  were  in  progress  but,  at 
the  appointed  hour.  Miss  Fairley  was  ushered 
into  the  studio  and  we  rushed  to  the  receiv- 
ing set  just  in  time  to  hear  the  deep  voice 
of  the  announcer  introducing  "the  President 
of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association  who 
will  tell  you  why  Canada  needs  nurses". 


There  is  no  doubt  that  Miss  Fairley  is 
what  radio  experts  call  "a  natural".  She 
has  just  enough  Scottish  accent  to  give 
colour  to  her  clear  and  pleasant  voice  and 
she  makes  you  feel  that  she  is  speaking  to 
you  personally  and  not  "addressing  the  ra- 
dio audience."  We  had  asked  some  of  our 
friends  who  are  not  nurses  to  listen  in  and 
to  our  great  joy  their  reactions  were  very 
good.  Some  of  them  have  daughters  who 
would  make  excellent  nurses  and  they  said 
that  their  girls  were  genuinely  interested  in 
what  Miss  Fairley  told  them.  A  few  min- 
utes after  the  broadcast  ended,  telegrams 
had  already  begun  to  come  in  from  distant 
parts  of  the  country.  Now  that  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association  has  made  such  a  success- 
ful debut,  be  sure  to  keep  tuned  in.  Before 
long  we  hope  to  be  heard   from  again. 


Vol.  38,  No.  8 


Homeward  Bound 


Elizabeth  Lyster 


When  arrangements  were  made  for 
my  journey  home  from  Sweden,  I  left 
Falun  and  came  to  Stockholm.  Only 
one  thing  was  missing  —  my  visa  for 
Russia.  The  days  crawled  by  and  still 
there  was  no  word  from  Moscow.  Fi- 
nally, all  the  bookings  had  to  be  can- 
celled. Then,  by  a  stroke  of  good  luck 
and  with  much  help  I  did  get  my  Rus- 
sian visa,  new  bookings  were  made  and 
I   began    my   homeward   journey. 

From  a  seat  in  an  orange  Douglas 
plane,  I  watched  Stockholm  disappear 
below  and  behind  me.  We  gained  al- 
titude, and  the  blue  of  the  Baltic  studded 
with  green,  changed  pattern  slowly. 
Four  hours  later,  the  sign  flashed  on 
at  the  end  of  the  cabin  "Take  your 
seats  —  coming  down"  and  down  we 
came,  with  my  inside  feeling  none  too 
happy.  My  view  of  Riga  was  of  house- 
tops, the  flying-field,  and  the  Customs 
House,  a  cold  and  comfortless  building 
where  we  spent  an  hour  while  bags  were 
opened  and  papers  examined.  Up  in  the 
air  again,  I  dozed,  to  waken  and  find 
myself  in  a  world  of  mist.  Staring  out 
anxiously,  wondering  how  we  could 
land,  I  felt  a  great  relief  when,  through 
a  break  in  that  enveloping  whiteness,  I 
saw  a  river  winding  its  way  through  the 
land  below.  Suddenly,  we  came  into  a 
world  of  sunshine  again,  and  there  were 
houses  coming  nearer  and  nearer  until 
we  circled  and  came  down  with  a  bump 
on  the  landing  field  of  the  Moscow 
airport.  Whisked  away  in  a  car  with 
the  Union  Jack  fluttering  from  the  ra- 
diator cap,  I  made  some  hasty  adjust- 
ments to  right-handed  driving.  We 
drove  through  the  Red  Square,  much 
smaller  than  my  imagination  had  pic- 
tured it,  with  the  Kremlin  on  our  right, 


so  very  much  bigger  —  its  many  build- 
ings, palaces  and  chapels  in  striking  con- 
trast to  the  rest  of  modern  Moscow. 
The  next  day  I  visited  the  home  of  one 
of  the  nobility  of  old  Russia,  now  used 
as  a  museum.  The  exterior  is  in  poor 
repair  and  the  court-yard,  a  slovenly 
ghost  of  its  former  self,  is  a  bazaar 
where  the  keen-eyed  shopper  can  buy 
jewels  and  china,  silver  and  paintings 
at  a  price  set  by  the  state,  remnants 
from  countless  broken  homes  and  relin- 
quished with  such  sorrow. 

Everywhere  throughout  the  city  were 
the  stations  for  the  "Metro",  some  bi- 
zarre and  others  extremely  good.  There 
was  a  line  of  people  outside  Lenin's 
tomb,  that  large,  dark  red  marble  struc- 
ture, so  strange  against  the  background 
of  the  Kremhn.  That  line  is  one  of  the 
permanent  things  in  Moscow  life  for, 
though  it  rhay  grow  longer  or  shorter 
throughout  the  day,  it  is  always  there. 
Some  streets  were  undergoing  repair, 
and  both  men  and  women  were  steer- 
ing the  ponderous  steam  rollers.  Then, 
after  a  hurried  drive  to  the  railway  sta- 
tion we  moved  off.  Nine  days  later  we 
would  be  walking  the  streets  of  Vladi- 
vostok. 

Nine  days  on  a  train!  No  one  ever 
knew  what  time  it  really  was.  It  didn't 
matter.  Time  was  one  thing  we  had 
plenty  of.  Did  the  train  crew  change 
their  time  as  we  moved  further  East  or 
did  they,  like  the  towns,  keep  to  Mos- 
cow time?  If  we  were  going  by  Green- 
wich mean  time,  where  were  we?  It 
didn't  matter.  We  were  going  steadily 
and  would  at  last  come  to  Vladivostok. 
Next  to  our  compartment,  was  a  Nor- 
wegian woman  and  her  five-year-old 
son,  whose  father  had  never  seem  him. 


AUGUST,  1942 


555 


556 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


A  captain  of  a  Norwegian  freighter, 
he  was  in  the  East  and  they  were  going 
to  join  him  somewhere  in  China.  Next 
to  them,  in  this  moving  cosmop)oh'tan 
hotel,  were  a  Poh'sh  woman  with  a 
beak-hke  and  aristocratic  nose,  and  a 
Czechoslovakian,  who  had  h'ved  for 
some  years  in  Belgium  and  had  married 
a  Belgian  woman.  Further  down  the 
train  was  a  Hollander,  on  his  way  to 
the  Dutch  East  Indies;  a  Swedish  girl, 
on  her  way  back  to  Hollywood  to  con- 
duct a  school  of  gymnastics  and  danc- 
ing; a  Hungarian  archaeologist  on  his 
way  to  China;  a  German  lithographer 
and  book  illus^'rator  on  his  way  to  New 
York.  The  Japanese  Ambassador  and 
his  wife,  their  two  daughters  and  his 
staff,  were  returning  to  Tokyo  from 
Moscow.  There  were  Russian  families, 
complete  with  children;  Red  Army  of- 
ficers; Russian  sailors;  a  Russian  naval 
doctor;  and,  of  course,  an  Intourist 
guide  who,  like  the  poor,  is  always  with 
you  while  you  are  in  Russia.  All  these 
people  ate  and  slept,  played  cards,  cursed 
or  listened  to  the  radio  which  blared 
forth  all  day  and  far  into  the  night. 
They  walked  the  platforms  of  the  sta- 
tions which  provided  us  with  ice,  food 
and  water.  They  talked  and  groused, 
laughed  and  grew  friendly  through 
Russia,  and  Siberia,  from  Moscow  to 
the   Japan   Sea. 

We  passed  through  a  land  of  plains, 
decked  with  evergreens  and  groves  of 
birches,  so  slender  and  pale  in  their 
newly-awakened  loveliness  of  green. 
The  fifth  day,  we  awoke  to  a  new  world 
of  mountains  circling  a  blue  lake,  their 
ruggedness  still  covered  deep  in  snow. 
In  and  out  of  tunnels,  we  skirted  the 
lake,  coming  in  the  afternoon  to  the  foot 
of  hills  running  riot  with  wild  flower- 
ing bushes  painted  in  mauve  and  purple. 
Late  in  the  afternoon  of  the  ninth  day, 
the   train    threaded   its   way   round   the 


hills  surrounding  Vladivostok  and  we 
gazed  at  the  lovely  harbour.  Two  large 
buses  drove  us  to  the  city's  finest  hotel, 
resplendent  in  dark  red  velvet  curtains 
and  alive  with  ghosts  of  former  days. 
There  were  refugees  from  all  parts  of 
Europe.  A  swing  band  played  in  the 
dining  room  and  two  solemn  youths 
came  up  and  asked  me  to  dance.  Round 
and  round  we  went  wordlessly  but  in 
a  spirit  of  mutual  friendHness. 

At  the  last  moment,  Intourist  in- 
formed us  that  the  boat  scheduled  to 
make  the  trip  to  Japan  was  in  dry-dock 
and  we  would  have  to  go  "by  freight- 
er". There  was  nothing  to  be  done 
about  it.  Only  two  boats  sailed  for  Japan 
each  month  and  bookings  were  at  a 
premium.  On  board,  we  were  shown  to 
a  large  room  and,  at  the  doorway,  told 
to  remove  our  shoes.  Already,  the  place 
seemed  full  of  people  but  apart  from 
three  or  four  small  cabins,  this  was  the 
only  accommodation  for  the  forty-odd 
adults,  one  infant  and  three  or  four 
small  children.  Here  we  ate,  slept,  read, 
and  talked  for  four  days.  The  floor  was 
covered  with  bamboo  matting  and  di- 
vided into  three  sections  by  two  wooden 
barricades  about  a  foot  high.  We  staked 
out  claims,  raised  more  barriers  with 
suit-cases,  looked  around  us  and  de- 
cided the  only  thing  to  do  was  to  laugh. 
Never  have  I  seen  people  take  anything 
better.  Fortunately,  the  sea  was  calm. 
We  hired  blankets,  used  the  cork-chip 
bricks  or  a  coat  for  a  pillow,  grew  ra- 
ther skilful  with  chop-sticks  and  passed 
around  private  stores  of  food  to  eke  out 
the  rather  sketchy  meals  served  to  us 
on  trays  by  the  smiling  friendly  Japan- 
ese cook-boys.  Two  long  stops  were 
made  at  Korean  ports  for  cargo  and 
for  hours  I  watched,  fascinated,  the  men 
and  women  carrying  the  large  round 
cakes  of  soy  bean,  the  ox-carts  ambling 
by,  the  unfamiliar  costumes,  the  grace- 
ful easy  carriage  of  the  women. 


Vol.  38.  No.  8 


HOMEWARD   BOUND 


557 


Kobcy  Jafan 

It  was  with  a  feeling  of  unutterable 
relief  that  I  looked  around  the  large 
clean  room  with  its  bed  draped  in  white 
mosquito  netting  in  the  hotel  at  Kobe. 
The  five-hour  train  trip  down  from 
the  port  was  spent  sitting  on  an  up- 
ended suit-case  and  I  was  almost  too 
tired  and  dirty  and  travel-worn  to  see 
the  rice  paddies  slip  by  or  notice  the 
lovely  dresses  of  the  Japanese  women 
who  fhrted  their  fans  in  front  of  their 
inscrutable  faces.  Tsuruga,  the  port  at 
which  we  finally  landed  in  Japan,  will 
remain  in  my  memory  for  several  rea- 
sons. Here  it  was  that  I  saw  two  geisha 
girls  sway  down  the  street,  their  elabor- 
ate coiffures  (so  like  the  pictures  I  had 
seen)  in  their  shining  perfection.  The 
clip-clopping  of  many  little  wooden  san- 
dals filled  the  air  and  there  was  a  bevy 
of  small  slant-eyed,  dutch-bobbed  school 
children  in  their  dark  skirts  and  white 
middy-blouses. 

The  week  was  spent  in  wandering 
round  the  open  bazaars,  watching  the 
people,  signing  papers  and  being  finger- 
printed (for  the  third  time)  for  our 
landing  in  Honolulu.  Kobe  is  western- 
ized, and  only  now  and  then  does  one 
catch  glimpses  of  Japan,  in  the  open 
gutters  which  serve  as  a  drainage  sys- 
tem, the  curved  tiles  of  the  roofs  of 
some  of  the  houses  hidden  behind  their 
double  doors,  the  costumes  of  the  peo- 
ple. The  staff  of  the  Consulate  was 
none  too  happy.  Anti-Brit^ish  and  anti- 
American  feeling  had  been  running  ra- 
ther high  and  most  of  the  wives  and 
children  had  been  sent  off  to  Australia. 


On  Board  Ship 

June  12th,  1941 

Today   saw    us    on    board    the    large 

Japanese  liner  which  was  to  take  us  to 

San   Francisco.    Many   passengers   were 

already   aboard,   having   come    up   with 

AUGUST,  1942 


her  from  Shanghai,  and  many  more 
swarmed  on  at  Yokohama  three  days 
later.  Yokohama  is  a  mixture  of  East 
and  West,  but  my  few  hours  in  Tok}'o 
left  an  impression  of  modern  western 
buildings,  wide  streets  and  young  trees, 
grown  since  the  earthquake  in  1923. 
The  Imperial  Hotel,  a  lovely  rambling 
place  with  small  courtyards  and  gardens 
at  unexpected  turns,  is  one  of  the  few 
buildings  which  withstood  the  shock.  In 
Yokohama,  I  watched  the  slow,  steady 
pacing  of  a  boatman  as  he  poled  his 
heavy  barge  along  the  waterway.  Up 
the  narrow  decking  he  went,  bent  to 
the  line  of  the  heavy  pole,  straightening 
and  lifting  it  clear  as  he  turned  and  came 
slowly  back  again  to  start  once  more  the 
steady,  wearisome  pacing. 

Hundreds  of  young  Japanese  swelled 
the  passenger  list  when  we  finally  sailed 
away  and  thousands  packed  the  docks 
to  bid  them  farewell.  We  heard  later 
that  this  was  the  last  boat  which  they 
could  take  so  that  they  would  be  back 
in  America  in  time  to  claim  their  citi- 
zenship. All  were  in  smart  western  dress 
and  it  seemed  incongruous  to  hear  them 
speak  up-to-the-minute  "Americanese". 
I  looked  searchingly  for  Fuji  but  it  was 
hidden  in  mist  and  so,  according  to  the 
saying,  I  shall  not  return  to  Japan. 

Honolulu  was  full  of  American  sail- 
ors in  their  white  suits  and  people  in 
smart  clothes.  At  Waikiki,  the  water 
changed  its  patterning  of  vivid  colours 
continuously  and  rolled  in  to  the  beach 
in  long  steady  curves  bringing  the  surf- 
boards in  with  a  rush.  The  semi-tropical 
profusion  of  flowers,  flowering  trees 
and  bushes,  the  brilliant  sun  and  the 
fine,  mist-like  rain  which  falls  for  a 
few  moments  without  warning  from 
the  clear  sky,  gave  me  a  feeling  of  un- 
reality. Of  the  real  people  of  the  Island 
and  of  their  life  beyond  the  mountains, 
I   caught   not   a   glimpse. 

Early,  in   the   morning  of  June   30, 


558 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


we  went  on  deck  to  see  if  we  really  had 
arrived  and  there  was  San  Francisco 
and  the  famous  bridge.  Customs  and 
passport  officials  were  all  about  us 
and  there  was  a  bustle  of  good-byes. 
Later,  when  I  wandered  down  the 
street,  I  wondered  why  I  felt  hke  skip- 


ping ajid  jumping,  why  my  feet  felt 
so  light,  and  my  head  and  my  heart! 
Could  it  be  that  it  was  the  famous  Cali- 
fornia sunshine?  Perhaps  it  was  the 
sound  of  everyone  around  talking  Eng- 
lish once  more?  Why  did  I  feel  so  free? 
For  I  did. 


Une  Visite  chez  Jeanne  Mance  en  1672 

Claire   Godbout,   G.M.E. 
Infirmicre    de    I'Hotel-Dicu 


Le  6  juin  cette  annee  la,  les  notables  de 
Ville-Marie  avaient  decide  la  construction 
d'une  eglise  paroissiale  dediee  a  la  Dame 
de  rile  sous  le  vocable  de  Notre-Dame  de  la 
Purification.  Le  lendemain  dans  I'apres-mi- 
di,  la  pupille  de  Jeanne  Mance  qui  brodait 
pres  de  la  fenetre  ouverte,  apergut  M.  le 
Superieur  de  St-Sulpice  qui  sortait  du  Se- 
minaire,  situe  un  peu  en  biais  de  I'autre 
cote  du  chemin  St.  Joseph  (rue  St-Sulpice). 
Avec  la  desinvolture  de  ses  douze  ans,  la 
fillette  observa  rieuse:  "Tenez,  malgre  le 
beau  temps,  voila  M.  Dollier  qui  ne  fait 
aujourd'hui  ni  arpentage,  ni  exploration;  il 
a  mis  sa  soutane  et  ses  souliers  vernis." 
"Mais  c'est  ici  qu'il  vient.  Mile  Mance," 
fait-elle  soudain ! 

En  effet,  apres  avoir  contourne  la  maison 
de  M.  LeMoyne  (coin  St-Sulpice  et  St- 
Paul)  M.  Dollier  de  Casson  s'engageait  a 
sa  gauche  dans  la  derniere  partie  du  court 
sentier  qui  reliait  le  premier  Seminaire  (ce- 
lui  de  1661)  a  I'Hotel-Dieu  dont  la  chapelle 
servait  d'eglise  paroissiale  depuis  1658.  An- 
gelique  de  Sailly  I'introduisit  dans  une  cham- 
bre  ou  Mile  Mance,  assise  devant  une  table 
de  travail,  le  regut  avec  une  joie  non  dissi- 
mulee. 

La  co-fondatrice  de  Montreal,  tres  digne, 
I'air  toujours  grave  et  resolue,  pouvait  en- 
core rappeler  a  son  visiteur  (premier  his- 
torien  du  Montreal)  la  femme  imposante  et 
distinguee  qm  pendant  20  ans,  avait  su,  en 


des  moments  fort  difficiles,  rallier  les  es- 
prits  et  les  coeurs  franqais  a  la  cause  du 
lointain  Ville-Marie  et  prendre  ici,  en  temps 
opportun  des  decisions  heroiques.  Aux  yeux 
de  sa  pupille  anxieuse,  elle  apparaissait  vieil- 
lie,  accablee  par  la  maladie  et  le  chagrin, 
portant    peniblement    ses    soixante-cinq    ans. 

Sur  la  table  de  merisier  aux  pieds  de 
chene,  M.  de  Casson  avait  pose  un  plan, 
simple  graphique  que  Mile  Mance  conside- 
rait  avec  une  apparente  habitude,  repoussant 
instinctivement  les  deux  grands  registres 
ouverts  dont  I'un  portait  une  paire  de  lu- 
nettes et  une  montre  d'argent,  tandis  que 
les  yeux  du  pretre  parcouraient  distraite- 
ment  la  table  et  I'appartement. 

Au-dessus  de  la  table,  pendait  a  la  cloi- 
son,  un  tableau  sur  toile  de  feu  M.  Olier. 
Le  grand  lit  voisin  etait  surmonte  d'un  ciel- 
de-lit  en  toile  ouvree,  un  crucifix  d'i voire 
monte  sur  une  croix  d'ebene  lui  f aisait  face ; 
seul  objet  de  luxe,  quelque  precieux  souve- 
nir sans  doute?  Aux  deux  autres  cloisons 
etaient  accoles  "un  cabinet  fagon  d'ebene 
a  deux  guichets  avec  un  tiroir  au-dessous  et 
un  dessus  .  .  .  une  petite  armoire  de  bois  de 
chene  a  un  battant".  L'unique  fenetre  etait 
habillee  d'un  morceau  de  tapisserie  de  Ber- 
game ;  la  meme  tapisserie  ornait  la  chemi- 
nee,  les  deux  fauteuils  et  les  deux  cha:ses 
qui  faisaient  a  I'ameublement  disparate  un 
certain  aspect  d'ensemble.  Cinq  petits  ta- 
bleaux hordes   de   cuivre   representant    Ste- 


Vol.  38,  No.  8 


UNE    VISITE    CHEZ    JEANNE    MANCE 


559 


Anne,  la  Ste-Vierge,  St-Josenh,  St-Tean- 
Baptiste  et  St-Frangois  de  Sales  pendaient 
aux  cloisons.  Seule  note  feminine  dans  ce 
decor  austere :  un  tout  petit  miroir  suspen- 
du  pres  de  la  fenetre.    (1) 

C'est  dans  ce  decor  de  piete  et  de  travail 
que  vit  I'administratrice  de  I'Hotel-Dieu  et 
qu'inlassablement,  M.  de  Casson  et  Sr  Mo- 
rin,  viennent  I'entendre  raconter  la  fonda- 
tion  et  les  premieres  annees  de  Montreal. 
L'entreprenant  Sulpicien  trouvait  en  elle, 
non  seulement  un  precieux  temoin  du  passe, 
mais  une  judicieuse  et  ardente  alliee  de  ses 
projets,  parce  qu'elle  n'avait  jamais  cesse 
depuis  les  trente  annees  d'existence  de  Mont- 
real, de  croire  a  son  developpement  et  a  sa 
grandeur  future.  X'a-t-elle  pas  devant  elle 
aujourd'hui  meme  une  nouvelle  preuve  de 
progres?  Ce  trace  qu'elle  considere  atten- 
tivement,  c'est  le  plan  des  premieres  rues 
de  Montreal  prepare  par  M.  Dollier  et  M. 
Benigne  Basset.  Son  index  droit  pose  des- 
sus,  elle  suit  ce  grand  chemin  nouveau  au- 
quel  on  donnera  le  nom  de  Notre-Dame,  en 
I'honneur  lui  explique-t-on  de  la  Dame  de 
rile.  Et  cette  Croix  pres  du  puit  Gadois? 
"C'est  la",  dit  M.  Dollier,  "la  nouvelle  d'im- 
portance  que  je  viens  vous  apprendre.  L'e- 
glise  paroissiale  depuis  si  longtemps  revee, 
est  en  fin  decidee;  elle  se  construira  la,  tout 
pres  de  la  maison  de  M.  Basset.  Plus  haut 
encore,  je  trace  une  rue  St- Jacques." 

"II  convenait",  dit  Jeanne  rayonnante,  "de 
rappeler  le  souvenir  et  s'assurer  la  protection 
de  M.  Olier  —  sans  lui,  en  1649,  la  cause  du 
Mont-Real   etait  perdue". 

Vivement  interessee,  le  doigt  rive  au  plan, 
elle  suivait  maintenant  le  projet  d'est  en 
ouest,  nommant  les  rues  transversales  au 
plateau  occupe  par  I'Hotel-Dieu  et  la  ville, 
qui,  devalant  a  leurs  extremites  nord  et 
sud.  se  terminaient  a  la  riviere  St-Martin 
(rue  Craig)  ou  au  fleuve  a  travers  la  com- 
mune (rue  des  Commissaires),  la  f-ue  St- 
Charles,  la  rue  St-Lambert  (actuellemeni  St- 
Laurent),  la  rue  St-Joseph  (St-Sulpice)  et. 
exultante:  la  rue  du  Calvaire!  "Elle  rap- 
pellera  aux  plus  lointains  Montrealais,  le 
geste  de  foi  vaincjueur  de  M.  de  Maison- 
neuve".  —  "Voila  trois  ans",  dit-elle  triste- 
ment,  "que  je  n'ai  pu  aller  en  pelerinage  a 
la  croix  de  la  montagne. ' 


La  rue  Notre-Dame  se  prolongeait  a 
I'ouest  jusqu'a  la  rue  St-Pierre  que  son 
doigt  redescendit  jusqu'a  la  rue  St- Paul.  De 
cet  endroit  la  ville  habitee  se  developpait 
en  un  ruban  jusqu'a  la  rue  Bonsecours  ac- 
tuelle  et  meme  au  peu  au  dela.  La  derniere 
construction  au  nord-est  etait  un  moulin  a 
vent  qui  servait  aussi  de  defense,  il  semblait 
la  sentinelle  avancee,  en  faction  devant  le 
tres  humble  sanctuaire  marial  que  Margue- 
rite Bourgeoys  edifie  piece-a-piece  depuis 
1657.  Le  temps,  allie  fidele  de  ceux  qui  per- 
severent,  se  montrait  ici  tres  exigeant;  le 
modeste  appentis  de  bois  servit  encore  jus- 
qu'en  1675.  La  chapelle  de  Bonsecours  avait 
mis  18  ans  a  se  realiser ;  elle  f ut  cependant 
terminee  huit  ans  avant  I'eglise  Notre-Dame. 

Revenant  de  nouveau  par  etapes  vers 
I'ouest,  elle  nomme  encore  I'une  apres  I'au- 
tre  les  rues  transversales :  St-Charles  en 
I'honneur  de  H.  LeMoyne ;  St-Gabriel,  pa- 
tron de  M.  Souart,  cure  de  Ville-Marie,  I'un 
des  plus  actifs  artisans  de  progres.  Aumonier 
des  Soeurs  de  la  Congregation,  il  organisa 
avec  Marguerite  Bourgeoys  les  ecoles  ele- 
mentaires  de  filles  et  de  gargons  auxquels 
il  fit  lui-meme  la  classe.  Mais  le  doigt  de 
Jeanne  Mance  s'incruste  sur  ce  coin  des 
rues  St-Joseph  (St-Sulpice)  et  St-Paul,  ou 
les  souvenirs  d'un  quart  de  siecle  jaillissent 
vivaces.  Insensiblement,  son  regard  se  porte 
vers  la  fenetre.  Tout  pres,  cote  sud  de  la 
rue  St-Paul,  la  pauvre  ecole  de  Marguerite 
Bourgeoys  est  la  depuis  1648.  Le  chagrin 
de  la  voir  s'eloigner  lui  sera  epargne.  Quit- 
tant  la  porte  d'entree  de  I'hopital,  un  long 
sentier  oblique  vers  I'ouest,  envahi  par  de 
hautes  herbes,  il  descend  vers  la  riviere 
St-Pierre  (canalisee  sous  la  place  Youville) 
qu'il  enjambe  au  moyen  d'un  pauvre  vieux 
pont.  Au  dela  est  une  vaste  clairiere  ou  des 
manoeuvres  s'agitent ;  les  yeux  de  I'Hospita- 
liere  se  brouillent  de  larmes,  sa  voix  trem- 
blante  murmure :  "Le  vieux  fort  en  demo- 
lition !  II  y  a  plus  d'un  demi-siecle,  M.  de 
Champlain  avait  choisi  ce  site.  Trente  ans 
plus  tard  nous  y  trouvions  une  prairie  deja 
faite  et  un  vieux  mur  de  briques  qui  crou- 
lait.  Mieux  qu'ailleurs  a  cause  de  la  clairis'.re 
et  de  la  riviere  qui  la  bordait,  nous  etions 
a  I'abri  des  surprises.  Cependant  la  crue  des 
eaux    faillit   nous   en   chasser    au   bout   d'un 


AUGUST,   1942 


560 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


an  .  .  .  la  foi  violente  de  notre  Gouverneur 
nous  sauva  de  la  ruine  totale  .  .  .  pendant 
les  annees  de  terreur  de  1651  a  1654,  tout 
Montreal  s'y  est  refugie.  Combien  de  fois 
m'arriva-t-il  alors  de  m'arreter  devant  une 
fenetre  ouverte  sur  la  haute-ville,  y  aper- 
cevant  mon  Hotel-Dieu  abandonne,  de  prier 
Dieu  qu'Il  m'y  reconduise  comme  en  1645 
alors  que  tout  conspirait  contre  sa  cons- 
truction. La  Providence  est  plus  prevoyante 
que  nous.  J'aurais  tort  de  me  plaindre  en 
voyant  Montreal  sortie  de  son  dangereux 
berceau." 

Reprenant  I'itineraire  interrompu,  elle  ne 
s'arrete  guere  a  la  Place  publique  cote  sud- 
ouest  de  la  rue  St-Paul  oil  s'intensifie  la  vie 
sociale ;  elle  a  mene,  depuis  trois  ans  une 
vie  monacale  exigee  par  sa  sante  et  imposee 
par  ses  grands  chagrins.  Le  Seminaire  est 
tout  voisin  au  nord-est;  plus  loin  a  I'ouest, 
c'est  la  rue  St-Frangois-d' Assise  (on  en  a 
fait  la  rue  St-Frangois-Xavier)  M.  Dollier 
n'avait  eu  garde  d'oublier  son  saint  patron. 
A  I'extreme  limite,  la  rue  St-Pierre  ou  de- 
meure  Pierre  Gadois.  L'ensemble  formait 
un  quadrilatere  tres  allonge ;  I'Hotel-Dieu, 
dont  la  chapelle  servit  pendant  vingt-cinq 
ans  d'eglise  paroissiale,  en  occupait  le  mi- 
lieu. 

En  1672,  si  Ton  excepte  le  long  chemin 
St-Paul  et  celui  de  St-Joseph  (rue  St-Sul- 
pice)  tous  deux  densement  habites,  contour- 
nant  I'Hotel-Dieu  des  cotes  ouest  et  sud, 
aucune  rue  n'etait  encore  tracee.  De  nom- 
breux  sentiers  rayonnaient  autour  de  I'ho- 
pital  comme  de  leur  centre,  les  uns  bien 
battus,  les  autres  envahis  par  la  vigoureuse 
vegetation  de  juin.  lis  racontaient  a  leur 
maniere  revolution  de  cette  petite  colonic 
enfin  victorieuse  de  tant  de  perils.  Quelques- 
uns,  ceux  que  les  hautes  herbes  envahissent, 
avaient  ete  des  routes  de  salut  au  temps  des 
Iroquois,  presque  disparus  depuis  huit  ans ; 
d'autres  sont  des  routes  de  priere,  le  sol  en 
est  fraichement  remue,  elles  viennent  de 
St-Sulpice  et  de  toutes  les  demeures  vers 
la  Chapelle  et  vont  de  partout  vers  le  mo- 
deste  appentis  de  Notre-Dame  de  Bonse- 
cours.  II  y  a  un  tout  petit  sentier  tres 
etroit  a  travers  le  bois  qui  gravit  la  monta- 
gne ;  d'autres  sont  les  voies  de  I'amitie :  face 
a  I'hopital,  il  en  est  une,  toute  durcie  I'hiver 


comme  I'ete,  sous  les  pas  freqaents  des  ins- 
titutrices  et  des  infirmieres  de  Ville-Marie, 
la  secutite  commune  ne  les  a  pas  eloignees 
les  unes  des  autres,  ni  les  taches  precisees. 
Pour  leur  ville  adolescente  elles  tissent  en- 
semble I'avenir  et  luttent  pour  la  preserver 
des  dangers  nouveaux;  elles  prient  ensem- 
ble pour  son  progres. 

Vers  Test  et  vers  I'ouest,  tout  le  long  de 
la  rue  St-Paul,  les  habitations  a  double-rang, 
tres  rapprochees  les  unes  des  autres,  ra- 
content  une  vie  d'entr'aide  et  de  cordialite. 
Faites  de  bois  ou  de  la  pierre  du  pays,  leur 
aspect  modeste  s'harmonise  bien  au  paysage. 
Chacune  d'elles,  comme  les  chenes,  les  or- 
mes  et  les  erables  qui  les  ombragent  "com- 
me les  fleurettes  de  toutes  couleurs  qui 
emaillent  les  prairies  vertes  et  leur  font  une 
beaute  charmante"  (Jeanne  Mance)  ;  comme 
les  deux  jolies  rivieres  venant  de  I'ouest  et 
de  Test  ainsi  que  leurs  petits  affluents  qui 
descendent  de  la  montagne  se  jeter  avec 
elles  dans  le  grand  f leuve ;  elles  semblent, 
elles  aussi,  des  accidents  naturels  du  pays. 
Leur  presence  ne  profane  rien ;  si  elles  vous 
narrent  une  histoire  humaine,  cette  histoire 
en  est  une  d'adaptation  a  la  "terre  de  pro- 
mission".  Relativement  larges  et  basses,  leurs 
attaches  au  sol  sont  puissantes ;  plusieurs 
d'entre  elles,  encore  trouees  de  meurtrieres 
ou  entourees  d'une  solide  cloture  de  pieux, 
sont  manifestement  tenaces  contre  les  dan- 
gers prevus.  Elles  se  sont  groupees  pour  vi- 
vre  a  I'ombre  du  clocher  de  I'Hotel-Dieu 
qui  les  domine. 

"Ainsi",  dit  Jeanne  Mance,  "voici  venir 
le  jour  ou  I'Hotel-Dieu  cessera  d'etre  le 
coeur  de  cette  ville?  Le  grain  de  seneve  se- 
rait-il  deja  le  grand  arbre  que  nous  pre- 
disait   le    Pere   Vimont?" 

"Le  30  juin,  Mademoiselle,  nous  poserons 
les  premieres  pierres  de  I'eglise  de  Notre- 
Dame.  Le  Gouverneur-General  M.  de  Cour- 
celles  est  invite  a  poser  la  premiere;  M.  I'ln- 
tendant  Talon  et  M.  Perot,  notre  Gouver- 
neur local,  le  suivront;  je  poserai  la  qua- 
trieme  au  nom  de  notre  Superieur-General, 
Seigneur  de  I'lle.  Je  suis  venu  vous  inviter 
a  placer  la  cinquieme.  Je  sais  que  chacun 
dans  cette  colonie,  reclamerait,  comme  moi 
qui  ai  forme  ce  projet,  votre  presence  a  cet- 
te ceremonie.  Vous  la  poserez  au  nom  des 


Vol.  38,  No.  8 


R.  N.A.N.  S.    ANNUAL    MEETING 


561 


fondateurs  et  des  Messieurs  et  Dames  de  la 
Societe  de  Notre-Dame  de  Montreal  dont 
vous   etes   le   dernier   representant". 

"Que  mettrez-vous  sur  ces  pierres?"  s'en- 
quit   simplement  Jeanne   Mance. 

"Des  armoires  qui  les  distingueront  en- 
tre  elles  et  en  suscription  'Au  nom  du  Dieu 
tres  bon  et  tres  grand  et  a  la  Bienheureuse 
Vierge  Marie,  sous  le  titre  de  la  Purifi- 
cation'. Tres  emue,  I'heroine  de  Ville-Ma- 
rie,  dont  se  preparait  ainsi  I'apotheose,  ne 
sut  que  balbutier :  "Je  vous  remercie  de 
m'associer  a  votre  magnifique  projet.  Parti- 
ciper  a  I'edification  de  I'eglise  de  Notre- 
Dame  me  cause  une  des  plus  grandes  joies 
de  mon  existence." 

Le  30  juin  1672,  un  an  avant  sa  mort, 
Jeanne  Mance  se  joignait  aux  personnages 
officiels  de  la  colonie  en  cette  solennelle 
manifestation   de    foi.    Ce    fut   I'un   des   der- 


niers  gestes  dont  I'histoire  devait  nous  con- 
server  le  souvenir.  Mais  ses  oeuvres  sont 
eloquentes,  grace  aux  Filles  de  St-Joseph 
dont  elle  avait  habilement  menage  la  ve- 
nue. Elles  racontent  bien  mieux  que  des 
textes  sa  foi  magnifique  et  son  devouement 
a  toute  epreuve,  .  .  .  sa  vie  qu'elle  avait 
donnee  sans   reserve  a  sa  nouvelle  patrie. 


(1)  Tons  ces  objets  sont  decrits  dans 
I'invcntaire  des  biens  de  Jeanne  Mance,  fait 
apres  sa  mort  par  Benignc  Basset,  et  trans- 
crit  par  M.  E.-Z.  Massicotte. 

Bibliographie  :  M. -Claire  Daveluy,  Jeanne- 
Mane  e  (Montreal,  1934)  ;  Soeur  Mdndoiix, 
I'Hotcl-Dicu,  premier  ho  pit  at  de  Montreal 
(1942)  —  Montreal  aux  premiers  jours. 
(Pages  des  Relations  des  Jesnites.  1637- 
1672). 


The  R.N.A.N.S.  Annual  Meeting 


The  Registered  Nurses  Association  of 
Nova  Scotia  held  their  thirty-third  annual 
meeting  at  the  Cornwallis  Inn,  Kentville, 
N.S.,  on  June  5  and  6,  1942,  and  were  guests 
of  the  Valley  Branch.  The  meeting  was 
fairly  well  attended  and  opened  with  a  most 
inspiring  Invocation  by  the  Reverend  G.  R. 
Thompson  of  the  Kentville  Anglican  Church. 
Col.  B.  W.  Roscoe,  Mayor  of  Kentville, 
welcomed  the  delegates  and  spoke  of  the 
high  calling  of  the  profession  and  also  men- 
tioned his  pleasure  in  hearing  that  the  regis- 
tration fee  for  the  meeting  was  to  be  don- 
ated to  the  British  Nurses  Relief  Fund. 
The  president,  Miss  Jenkins,  thanked  both 
Mr.  Thompson  and  Mayor  Roscoe  and  drew 
our  attention  to  the  fact  that  we  are  facing 
a  crisis  in  nursing  and  asked  for  the  co- 
operation of  all,  that  the  burden  might  not 
be  too  great  and  that,  with  unity,  we  might 
be  able  to  overcome  the  many  problems 
with  which  we  are  confronted.  She  then 
read  a  message  of  greeting  from  the  presi- 
dent of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association. 

The  reports  of  the  registrar-treasurer- 
corresponding  secretary  were  presented.  The 
paid-up  membership  at  the  end  of  the  last 
fiscal  year  was  1036.  184  members  have 
joined   the    Military    Nursing    Services.    197 


members  have  joined  the  Association  by 
examination,  27  by  reciprocity  and  7  by 
waiver.  The  Branches  all  report  a  very  ac- 
tive year.  All  Branches  held  the  Vesper 
Service  on  May  10.  The  majority  report 
contributions  to  the  British  Nurses  Relief 
Fund  and  several  have  also  contributed  to 
the  Queen's  Fund.  All  are  supplying  teach- 
ers for  home  nursing,  and  are  co-operating 
with  A.R.P.  work  of  some  kind. 

Rev.  Sister  Mary  Peter,  convener  of  the 
Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing  Committee, 
gave  a  vivid  account  of  the  meeting  of  the 
C.N. A.  Committee,  of  which  she  was  a  mem- 
ber, with  members  of  the  Government  in 
Ottawa,  when  a  Brief  was  presented  by  the 
C.N. A.  The  highlight  of  the  studies  made  by 
the  Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing  Section 
during  the  past  year,  was  one  on  examina- 
tions for  registration.  Sister  Mary  Peter  also 
urged  the  superintendents  of  nurses  and  in- 
structresses to  encourage  the  student  nur- 
ses to  send  in  articles  to  The  Canadian  Nurse. 
Miss  J.  Forbes,  convener  of  the  Public 
Health  Section,  also  urged  members  of  the 
Group  to  contribute  articles  to  the  Journal 
and  gave  a  splendid  outline  of  the  work  done 
by  the  organizations  in  this  Section,  all  of 
which  have  had  a  very  busy  year. 


AUGUST,  1942 


562 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


The  standing  and  special  committees'  re- 
ports also  showed  much  activity.  Rev.  Sister 
Camillus  of  Lellis  gave  a  splendid  report  of 
the  Nursing  Service  Bureau,  showing  that 
much  time  and  thought  had  been  given  this 
subject.  Sister  Mary  Peter  gave  a  most  in- 
teresting outline  of  the  history  of  nursing  in 
Nova  Scotia,  gathered  from  the  material 
she  had  collected  for  submission  to  the  Cana- 
dian Nurses  Association.  The  legislative  con- 
vener, Miss  Catherine  Graham,  explained 
that  existing  conditions  which  had  changed 
from  the  previous  year,  made  it  seem  inad- 
visable to  proceed  with  amending  the  Act 
and  it  was  decided  that  no  further  action 
would  be  taken  until  a  more  opportune  time. 
Miss  Jenkins,  convener  of  the  Wartime 
Nursing  Problems  Committee,  reported  that 
much  had  been  accomplished  in  the  compara- 
tively short  time  the  committee  has  been  in 
existence.  The  recruiting  sub-committee  is 
concentrating  its  efforts  in  a  drive  for  pub- 
licity and  has  arranged  for  posters  to  be 
printed  and  radio  talks  to  be  given  imme- 
diately. One  hundred  dollars  was  voted  as  a 
donation  to  the  Red  Cross  and  it  was  also 
decided  that  half  the  expenses  of  one  dele- 
gate from  each  Branch  to  the  biennial  meet- 
ing in  Montreal,  be  paid  by  the  Provincial 
Association  and  half  by  the  Branch  wherever 
this  was  possible.  An  invitation  from  the 
Lunenburg  County  Branch  to  hold  the  an- 
nual meeting  at  Bridgewater  next  year  was 
accepted. 

The  following  officers  and  conveners  were 
elected:  President,  Miss  Marjorie  Jenkins 
Halifax;  first  vice-president,  Mrs.  D.  J. 
Gillis,  Sydney  Mines ;  second  vice-president. 
Miss  Jane  Watkins,  Halifax ;  third  vice- 
president,  Miss  A.  E.  Richardson,  Kentville ; 
recording     secretary.     Miss    Lillian     Grady, 


Halifax ;  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing  Sec- 
tion, Sister  Mary  Peter.  Antigonish ;  public 
health.  Miss  Jean  Forbes,  Halifax ;  general 
duty  section.  Miss  Miriam  Ripley,  Halifax ; 
library,  Mrs.  R.  Thorpe,  Halifax ;  legislative 
Sister  Camillus  of  Lellis,  Halifax ;  Red 
Cross  Emergency,  Miss  Joyce  MacDonald, 
Halifax;  advisory  to  registrar.  Miss  Lenta 
Hall,  Halifax ;  nominating,  Mrs.  T.  W.  Mac- 
Lean.  Truro ;  programme  and  publication, 
Miss  E.  DeEll,  Kentville.  The  members  of 
the  Executive  were  entertained  at  luncheon 
by  the  Valley  Branch  and  the  same  after- 
noon, Mrs.  Ward,  of  Ward's  Mansion,  en- 
tertained the  members  at  an  afternoon  tea 
at  her  home  on  a  lovely  hill  overlooking 
Kentville  and  the  surrounding  country. 

A  round  table  conference  was  held  on 
nursing  problems  which  took  the  form  of  a 
questionnaire  which  had  been  drawn  up  in 
the  few  wrecks  previous,  and  was  led  by 
Sister  Camillus  of  Lellis.  Immediately  pre- 
ceding this  conference.  Miss  Jenkins  intro- 
duced Miss  Norena  Mackenzie,  nursing 
supervisor,  Canadian  Red  Cross  Society, 
who  explained  the  work  of  the  Red  Cross 
Corps  and  thanked  the  Association  for  the 
co-operation  given  her  in  her  work. 

Dr.  Patterson,  President  of  Acadia  Univer- 
sity, was  the  guest  speaker  at  a  luncheon 
meeting  and  gave  a  most  enlightening  ad- 
dress on  "Youth  and  the  Changing  Times". 
Miss  Jenkins  then  thanked  Mrs.  Mack  and 
her  committee  for  the  splendid  arrangements 
made  for  this  meeting,  and  the  Valley  Branch 
for  their  kind  hospitality,  which  will  be 
long  remembered  with  pleasure  by  the  visit- 
ing members. 

Jean  C.  Dunning, 

Registrar. 


M.L.I. C  Nursing  Service 


Miss  Simonne  Patry  (Sacred  Heart  Hos- 
pital, Hull,  1921,  and  public  health  nursing 
course,  University  of  Montreal  1928)  recent- 
ly left  the  Mount  Royal  Staff,  Montreal,  to 
join  the  R.C.A.M.C.  as   Nursing   Sister. 

Miss  Gabrielle  Bernier  (Saint  Michel  Ar- 
change  Hospital,  Mastai,  Quebec,  1933) 
recently  resumed  her  duties  on  the  Frontenac 


Nursing  Staff,  Montreal.  Miss  Bernier  has 
just  completed  the  public  health  nursing 
course  at  the  School  of  Nursing,  University 
of   Montreal. 

Miss  Acilda  Brochu  (Notre  Dame  Hos- 
pital,  Montreal,  1913)  recently  retired  from 
the  Company's  service.  Miss  Brochu  has 
been  on  the  Frontenac  Nursing  Staff. 

Vol.  38,  No.  8 


STUDENT   NURSES   PAGE 


Pathological  Conditions  of  the  Breast 

Kathleen  Sleigh 

Student  Nurse 
School  of  Nursing,   Vancouver  GeneralHosfital 


The  female  breasts  are  compound 
exocrine  glands  divided  by  connective 
tissue  into  twenty  or  more  lobes  which 
open  into  the  nipple.  They  contain  much 
fatty  tissue  and  are  liberally  supplied  with 
blood  by  the  thoracic  branches  of  the 
axillary,  internal  mammary  and  inter- 
costal arteries.  The  lymphatic  system  is 
extensive  and  its  branches  drain  into  the 
axillary,  supraclavicular,  and  subclavi- 
cular regions;  this  is  very  important,  as 
cancer  of  the  breast  is  spread  by  these 
routes,  and  the  location  of  the  cancer 
in  the  breast  directs  the  surgeon  in  his 
search  for  involved  lymph  glands.  At 
puberty  the  mammary  glands  enlarge 
due  to  the  increased  development  of  the 
connective  tissue  and  fat.  This  develop- 
ment is  closely  associated  wi'^h  ovarian 
function,  especially  with  the  secretion  of 
oestrin.  Development  of  the  glandular 
tissue  concerned  with  the  secretion  of 
milk  does  not  take  place  until  pregnancy 
occurs. 

The  breast  is  closely  associated  with, 
the  female  reproductive  orgajis,  and  is 
therefore  considered  in  gynaecology.  Its 
function  is  to  secrete  milk  to  nourish  the 
infant  during  the  months  following  birth. 
There  are  numerous  pathological  condi- 
tions of  the  breast:  Acute  mastitis  is  a 
condition  where  all  the  signs  and  symp- 
toms  of  inflammation   are   present,    re- 


sulting either  from  a  cracked  nipple  or 
an  obstruction  to  one  of  the  milk  ducts. 
Chronic  mastitis  occurs  in  young  women, 
often  due  to  trauma.  It  usually  affects 
one  breast,  and  is  painful  at  menstrua- 
tion. Tuberculosis  of  the  breast  may  ap- 
pear as  a  complication  of  tuberculosis  of 
the  chest  wall.  Cysts  of  the  breast  are 
common  and  require  consideration,  be- 
cause any  swelling  of  the  breast  should 
be  treated  with  suspicion.  Benign  tu- 
mours of  the  breast  are  said  to  grow 
from  small  portions  of  connective  tissue 
during  the  development  of  the  organ 
at  puberty.  They  usually  appear  before 
the  age  of  30  as  solid,  oval  or  round 
masses,  slow  growing  with  no  lymphatic 
involvement  and  no  general  constitu- 
tional symptoms.  Cancer  of  the  breast  is 
considered  the  second  most  common 
type  of  cancer  in  women,  the  first  being 
cancer  of  the  cervix. 

The  following  are  three  patients, 
treated  for  tumour  of  the  breast  during 
my  training  in  the  gynaecology  depart- 
ment, who  were  admitted  during  a  pe- 
riod of  ten  days.  The  first  was  a  young 
woman  of  35,  with  a  tumour  of  the 
right  breast.  Seven  years  previously  she 
discovered  a  small  mass  in  her  right 
breast,  which  was  removed  six  years 
later.  The  present  mass  was  discovered 
three  months  ago.  Both  masses  were  dis- 


563 


564 


THE    CANADIAN   NURSE 


covered   while   bathing.   The   symptoms 
in  each  instance  were  a  freely  moving 
swelling  and  absence  of  pain.  The  treat- 
ment was  removal  for  biopsy.  The  fol- 
lowing is  the  pathological  report:   "On 
section  through  the  two  tumour  masses, 
a    typical     fibro-adenomatous    type     of 
structure  of  both  the  intra-and  peri-cana- 
licular  type  was  found.  No  evidence  of 
malignancy   was   present."   The   second 
case  was  a  woman  of  44  with  a  tumour 
of  the  left  breast.  Ten  days  previous  to 
her  admission,  she  discovered  the  swell- 
ing  while   drying   herself   after   a   bath. 
It  was  in  the  lower  portion  of  the  breast, 
so  low  that  the  patient  thought  it  was 
a  tumour  on  the  chest  wall.  The  symp- 
toms were  no  pain  and  a  freely  movable 
mass.  The  treatment  was  radical  breast 
amputation.  The  pathological  report  in- 
dicated   simple    carcinoma    of    the    left 
breast.  In  the  acompanying  axillary  fat, 
three  or  four  very^  slightly  enlarged  but 
not  grossly  involved  lymph  glands  were 
found.  The  third  case  was  a  woman  of 
52   with  a  tumour  of  the  right  breast. 
The    mass    was    discovered    three    days 
previous    to    admission.    After    she    had 
done  some  spring  cleaning  her  right  arm 
and  breast  became  very  tender  and  stiff. 
To    relieve    this    condition,    she    applied 
liniment    and    located    the    mass.    The 
symptoms  were   absence  of  pain   and   a 
tumour  the  size  of  a  silver  dollar,  firmly 
attached    to    surrounding    tissue    in    the 
upper  portion  of  breast.  She  had  a  ra- 
dical amputation  of  the  right  breast.  The 
pathological    report   indicated   a   definite 
carcinoma'"ous  process,  characterized  by 
many  fine  cords  and  nests  of  epithelial 
cells.  There  was  an  abundant  lymphat.'c 
infiltration.    In   the   accompanying   axil- 
lary glands  no  metastasis  was  discovered. 
The  early  signs  and  symptoms  of  can- 
cer  are:   the   onset   insidious;    discovery 
may  be  quite  accidental  and  discovered 
while  bathing;  no  pain  or  discharge  from 
the    nipple;    no    attachment   to    skin    to 


cause  dimpling;  no  change  in  nipple — 
no  inversion;  no  nodes  palpable  in  axil- 
la; appears  similar  to  benign  adenoma. 
The  later  signs  and  symptoms  are: 
characteristic  dimpling  over  tumour;  re- 
traction of  nipple,  with  or  without  blood 
discharge ;  hard  lumps  palpable  in  axil- 
la; orange  peel  tinge  to  skin;  discoloura- 
tion of  skin  and  ulceration;  metastasis 
to  chest,  spine  and  liver. 

The  usual  treatment  for  cancer  of 
the  breast  is  biopsy  for  diagnosis,  then 
surgery.  If  surgery  would  be  to  no 
avail,  x-ray  and  radium  therapy  are  used. 
Surgical  treatment  includes  the  dissection 
and  removal  of  all  lymph  channels  which 
drain  the  area  and,  in  addition  to  the 
breast  itself,  the  muscles  of  the  chest  wall 
are  removed.  A  simple  mastectomy  is 
the  excision  of  the  tumour,  while  a  ra- 
dical mastectomy  entails  the  removal  of 
the  lymphatics  and  muscle.  After  a  sim- 
ple mastectomy,  some  doctors  will  have 
their  patients  undergo  a  course  of  x-ray 
therapy. 

In  the  post-operative  nursing  care  we 
were  alert  to  detect  any  of  the  following 
complications:  lung  complications  such 
as  pneumonia,  due  to  the  limitations  of 
chest  movement;  hemorrhage,  due  to 
strain  on  arteries  after  extensive  surgery ; 
infection  of  the  wound;  edema  of  the 
arm,  due  to  surgical  interference  of  the 
lymph  circulation ;  gangrene  of  the  skin, 
due  to  the  interference  of  the  blood  sup- 
ply, and  the  tension  of  the  skin. 

The  symptoms  of  these  three  patients 
brought  the  following  facts  to  our  atten- 
tion: the  importance  of  biopsy  of  tumour 
for  diagnosis;  the  symp'-oms  of  benign 
and  malignant  growths  are  very  similar; 
the  absence  of  pain  in  carcinoma.  The 
health  teaching  that  should  be  given  to 
all  women  is  that  the  breasts  should  be 
washed  without  a  wash  cloth  so  as  to 
detect  any  swellings.  Any  abnormality 
in  the  breast  should  be  reported  to  the 
doctor  immediately. 

Vol.  38,  No.  8 


In-Service  Education 

Sister   Denise  Lefebvre,  S.G.M. 


Ill  a  war-stricken  world,  at  a  very 
critical  moment,  can  we  speak  of  pro- 
gress? It  seems  a  contradiction  unless 
we  direct  our  interests  towards  improv- 
ing the  present  situation  of  a  humanity 
crushed  under  heavy  trials.  If  it  is  true 
that  all  the  sciences  and  arts  more  or 
less  subserve  the  purpose  of  man,  we 
may  certainly  affirm  that  nursing  does 
so  to  a  greater  degree  because  of  its 
close  association  with  human  suffering. 
Let  us  keep  in  mind,  therefore,  that 
those  who  lavishly  give  their  time  and 
energy  to  such  a  noble  calling  have  a 
great  role  to  play  at  a  time  when  sor- 
row outweighs  joy  in  this  shadowy  vale 
of  tears.  Since  nothing  human  is  foreign 
to  the  interests  of  the  nurse,  it  might  be 
opportune  to  turn  our  attention  to  the 
advancement  and  betterment  of  the 
nursing  profession  in  order  to  live  up  to 
its  highest  requirements. 

Every  nurse-educator  must  have  been 
interested  in  reading  Notes  jrom  the 
National  Office  in  the  November  issue 
of  The  Canadian  Nurse.  The  recom- 
mendations voted  upon  by  the  direc- 
tors of  the  University  Schools  of  Nurs- 
ing and  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association 
Executive  Committee  are  worth  noting. 
After  taking  cognizance  of  each  item, 
a  little  self-examination  must  have  fol- 
lowed. If  some  of  the  recommendations 
have  left  us  somewhat  humbled,  others 
were  a  stimulus  ajid  an  encouragement 
in  the  path  we  had  already  begun  to 
tread.  This  last  statement  gives  the 
reason  for  the  writing  of  this  article 
which  will  be  devoted  to  an  experiment 
actually  carried  on  in  our  Catholic  Hos- 
pitals for  the  improvement  of  in-serv- 
ice education. 

The    fourth   recommendation    states: 


"that  in-service  education  be  extended 
and  enriched.  One  suggestion  is  that 
a  visiting  instructor  be  made  available 
to  improve  clinical  teaching  of  inexpe- 
rienced head  nurses  and  instructors."  At 
first  this  may  appear  difficult  but  it  is 
not  impossible  of  realization.  In  a  reh'- 
gious  community  devoted  to  works  of 
charity,  it  is  easy  to  find  persons  spe- 
cialized in  almost  every  field,  and  ex- 
periments done  in  one  group  oftentimes 
are  a  source  of  suggestions  for  another. 
A  number  of  years  ago  our  teaching  Sis- 
ters, who  are  kept  busy  from  morn  till 
night  every  day  of  the  year,  felt  the  need 
of  special  studies  during  the  summer 
vacation.  This  was  accorded  them  and 
every  year  the  whole  group  of  teachers 
became  students  again,  for  a  few  weeks, 
receiving  courses  and  sharing  their  per- 
sonal experience.  The  experiment  was 
indeed  successful,  and  our  Superiors 
thought  something  similar  could  be  or- 
ganized for  the  hospital  personnel,  either 
during  the  summer  months  or  on  Sa- 
turdays. 

During  the  last  three  years,  courses 
in  ward  administration  and  supervision, 
clinical  teaching,  mental  hygiene,  sociol- 
ogy, and  philosophy  were  offered  by 
the  Institut  Marguerite  d'Youville  to 
our  Sisters  and  to  various  groups  of  re- 
ligious and  lay  nurses  from  the  many 
French  Hospitals  in  Montreal.  Two 
years  ago,  our  nurses  from  the  western 
provinces,  envying  such  an  opportunity^ 
asked  for  it.  That  was  granted  them 
when  for  the  first  time  one  of  the  in- 
structors from  the  same  Institut  went 
to  Saint  Boniface,  Manitoba,  to  offer 
a  six  weeks  course  in  clinical  teaching 
to  thirty  sisters,  some  coming  from  as 
far  as   Saskatoon,   Edmonton  and   Re- 


AUGUST,   1942 


565 


566 


THE    CANADIAN   NURSE 


gina.  The  enthusiastic  group  was  so 
appreciative  of  the  instruction  received 
that  the  following  year  the  authorities 
of  the  Hospital  requested  courses  in  hos- 
pital administration,  ward  supervision 
and  mental  hygiene.  ^ 

The  Sisters  and  nurses  who  took  the 
courses   have   always  shown   themselves 


very  grateful.  This  has  been  an  encou-^ 
ragement  to  greater  effort  in  an  en- 
deavour to  help  head  nurses  and  super- 
visors perform  with  more  satisfaction 
their  numerous  and  exacting  duties.  Let 
us  keep  our  professional  standards  as 
high  as  we  can,  even  if  difficulties  are 
ffreat. 


How  to  Maintain  Standards 


In  the  staffing  of  a  nursing  service  .md 
in  the  maintaining  of  standards  of  nursing 
care  it  is  desired  to  point  out : 

1.  That  more  nursing  time  will  be  needed 
if  emergency  conditions  become  such  that 
hospitals  are  pressed  for  beds,  the  stay  of 
patients  in  hospitals  shortened  and  their  ill- 
ness more  acute. 

2.  That  supervision  should  be  increased 
to  safeguard  the  nursing  care  of  the  patient 
and  the  education  of  the  student  if  the 
graduate  staff  is  reduced  to  meet  military 
needs  and  the  student  nursing  group  in- 
creased. 

3.  That  supervision  of  the  non-professional 
workers  should  be  expanded  whenever  the 
professional  nursing  staff  is  reduced  and  the 
non-professional  group  increased.  This  ap- 
plies to  the  paid  workers  and  also  to  volun- 
teer nurses'  aides. 

4.  That  economy  should  be  practiced  in 
the  use  of  nursing  time  by  simplifying 
nursing  procedures  and  by  allocating  to  non- 
professional  workers  non-nursing  duties. 

5.  That  economy  should  be  practiced  in  the 
use  of  nursing  time  by  reserving  the  services 
of  private  duty  nurses  for  acutely  ill 
patients,  for  those  who  require  special  treat- 
ments, and  for  patients  in  situations  where 
the  limited  amount  of  nursing  service  avail- 
able makes  it  necessary  for  private  duty 
nurses  to  be  employed.  Group  nursing  is  in- 
dicated where  it  would  amply  provide  for 
the  nursing  needs  of  private  patients. 

6.  That   economy    should    be    practiced   in 


the  use  of  nursing  time  by  curtailing,  as 
far  as  is  consistent  with  the  good  care  of 
patients,  the  attendance  of  nurses  at  medical 
rounds  and  their  participation  in  medical 
education  activities ;  by  reducing  medical 
research  that  requires  nursing  time  to  those 
investigations  carried  on  in  the  interest  of 
national  defense ;  by  controlling  lost  nursing 
time  through  careful  scheduling  of  operations 
and  clinics  and  medical  orders. 

7.  That  every  effort  should  be  made  to 
hold  the  essential  administrative  and  teach- 
ing staff  such  as  instructors,  supervisors, 
and  head  nurses;  to  select  well-qualified 
applicants  for  schools  of  nursing;  to  main- 
tain recognized  good  standards  in  schools  of 
nursing. 

8.  That  every  effort  should  be  made  to 
maintain  strong  in-service  education  and 
training  programs  for  both  the  professional 
and  non-professional  groups  and  to  encour- 
age extra-mural  study  for  the  professional 
staff. 

9.  That  every  effort  should  be  made  to 
maintain  good  conditions  of  service  such  as 
reasonable  working  hours,  regular  vacations, 
good  living  conditions,  and  good  food  so 
that  maximum  efficiency  of  service  may  be 
assured.  All  nursing  service  personnel 
should  realize  the  importance  of  assuming, 
as  a  national  defense  measure,  the  respon- 
sibility for  the  maintenance  of  their  own 
individual  health. 

— National  Nursing  Council  for  War 
Service  (U.S.A.) 


Vol.   J8,  No.  8 


y- — " — ^ 


BABY  POWDER 


SBmO! 


«CTlve   INGRCDiENTS 

TAIC  .  OLIVE  Oa 

00t$    NOT   CONTAtW 
«INC    JTE«B«It 


OUST  ON    FREEt-V 


'»ET  WEIGHT    IJ   OZS 


In  many  hospitals  today,  Z.B.T. 
helps  protect  sensitive  baby  skin 

Z.B.T.'s  unusual  advantages  have  made  it  the  baby 
powder  choice  in  many  leading  hospitals.  Thousands 
of  doctors  and  nurses  recommend  it.  And  every  day 
this  Baby  Powder  with  Olive  Oil  wins  new  friends. 

For  Z.B.T.  is  downy-soft  and  soothing.  Z.B.T.  is 
more  efifective  against  chafing— as  you  can  readily  tell 
by  its  superior  "slip,"  its  silky  smoothness.  And  Z.B.T. 
is  moisture-resistant,  long-clinging— important  advan- 
tages in  proteaing  baby's  skin  against  the  irritations 
caused  by  wet  diapers  and  perspiration. 

But  test  Z.B.T.'s  effectiveness  yourself.  We  invite 
you  to  try  it  at  our  expense.  Send  in  the  coupon  below 
ifor  your  free  professional  package  of  Z.B.T. 


r- 

FREE!      The  Centaur  Company,  Dept.  D-82,  1019  Elliott  St.  W.,  Windsor,  Ont. 

Please  send  free  professional  package  of  Z.B.T.  to: 

f^/itne 

City                                                                                                             Prnr 

1 

AUGUST,   1Q42 


567 


Ontario  Public  Health  Nursing  Service 


Miss  M.  E.  Macllveen  (Victoria  Hospital, 
London,  and  University  of  Western  Ontario 
public  health  nursing  course)  has  resigned 
as  public  health  nurse  for  Wallaceburg  to 
accept  the  position  of  supervisor  of  public 
health  nursing  with  the  Board  of  Health, 
Kingston. 

Miss  A.  C.  Alexander  (Toronto  General 
Hospital  and  School  Nursing  course),  who 
for  some  time  has  been  engaged  in  school 
nursing  in  Long  Branch,  has  been  granted  a 
year's  leave  of  absence  to  pursue  her  studies. 
She  will  be  relieved  by  Mrs.  Muriel  L.  Hard- 
ing (Mont'-eal  General  Hospital  and  Univer- 
sity of  Toronto  public  health  nursing 
course). 

The  Board  of  Health  for  North  York 
Township  has  appointed  a  second  public 
health  nurse.  Miss  Marion  Thomhson  (To- 
ronto General  Hospital  and  Liniversity  of 
Toronto  public  health  nursing  course)  has 
resigned  from  the  staff  of  the  United  Coun- 
ties Health  Unit  to  accept  this  position. 

Mrs.  Beverly  Rogers  Hozvard  (Toronto 
General  Hospital  and  University  of  Toronto 
combined  course)  has  joined  the  staff  of 
the  United  Counties  Health  Unit,  and  Miss 
Margaret  MacLachlan  (Toronto  General 
Hospital  and  University  of  Toronto  com- 
bined   course),    a    former    member    of    this 


staff,  is  returning  after  serving  one  year 
with  the  V.O.N,  in  Cornwall. 

Mrs.  H.  Mildred  Ronald  Gehman  (Brant- 
ford  General  Hospital  and  University  of 
Toronto  public  health  nursing  course),  who 
was  engaged  in  public  health  nursing  and 
missionary  work  for  four  years  in  Man- 
chuokuo,  has  accepted  a  position  at  Blue 
Mountain  Camp  at  Collingwood  which  is 
operated  by  the  Ontario  Society  for  Crip- 
pled Children. 

Miss  Lottie  Siegrist  (Sarnia  General  Hos- 
pital and  School  Nursing  course)  has  been 
granted  a  year's  leave  of  absence  by  the 
Board  of  Health,  Sarnia ;  she  will  be  re- 
placed by  Miss  Roxina  Brandon  (Victoria 
Hospital,  London,  and  University  of  Western 
Ontario  public  health  nursing  course). 

Miss  Isabel  F.  Deeth  (Hamilton  General 
Hospital  and  University  of  Toronto  public 
health  nursing  course)  has  resigned  from 
the  Hamilton  Department  of  Health  to  ac- 
cept a  position  with  the  Hespeler  District 
Nursing  Association. 

Mrs.  Pearle  Allison  (Victoria  Hospital, 
London,  and  University  of  Western  Ontario 
public  health  nursing  course)  has  resigned 
from  the  London  Board  of  Health  and  is 
now  on  the  staff  of  the  Toronto  Hospital, 
Weston. 


O.N.SA  News  Letter 


The  eighth  biennial  meeting  of  the  Over- 
seas Nursing  Sisters  Association  of  Canada 
was  held  in  the  Windsor  Hotel,  Montreal, 
on  Wednesday,  June  24,  following  a  luncheon 
arranged  by  the  Montreal  Unit.  This  was  the 
first  meeting  to  be  held  in  Montreal  since 
1929  when  the  Association  was  organized. 
Forty-seven  Montreal  members  and  twenty- 
five  out-of-town  members  attended.  Mrs. 
Stuart  Ramsay,  who  was  the  first  president 
of  "the  All-Canada",  was  again  present. 

Out-of-town   guests   included   Miss   Eliza- 


beth Smellie,  C.B.E.,  R.R.C.,  LL.D..  Matron- 
in-Chief  in  Canada,  R.C.A.M.C. ;  Miss 
Edith  Rayside,  Lancaster,  Ont. ;  Matron  Nell 
Enright.  R.C.A.F.,  Dartmouth,  N.S. :  Mat- 
ron Christine  Crawford,  Rideau  Military 
Hospital,  Ottawa ;  Matron  Sara  Roberts, 
Chorley  Park,  Toronto ;  Miss  E.  Gray,  Vic- 
toria, B.C. ;  Miss  M.  E.  Morrison,  Victoria, 
B.C.;  Miss  Margaret  Duf field.  Vancouver, 
B.C. ;  Mrs.  H.  C.  Ironsides,  Calgary,  Alta. ; 
Miss  Mary  Bliss,  Gait,  Ont. ;  Miss  Delia 
Berrill,  London,  Ont. ;  Miss  Hilda  Stewart, 


S68 


Vol.  38,  No.  8 


Sqjjibb 


INDIVIDUALLY 

THIAMINE 
HYDROCHLORIDE 

1,3,5  and   10  mg.  Microcaps 

RIBOFLAVIN 

1   and  5  mg.  Microcaps 

PYRIDOXINE 
HYDROCHLORIDE 

1   and   10  mg.  Microcaps 

NICOTINAMIDE 

50  mg.  Microcaps 

CALCIUM 
PANTOTHENATE 

10  mg.  Microcaps 


^ 
^ 
0 

^ 


SYNTHEPLEX   B 
MICROCAPS 

The  five  synthetic 
factors  of  the  B- 
Complex  in  thera- 
peutic quantities  in 
easy-to-swallow 
microcaps. 


COMPLEX 
PRODUCTS 


VITAMIN   B 
COMPLEX   SYRUP 

An  extract  of  the  whole 
natural  B-Complex  as 
derived  from  rice  bran, 
enriched  with  thiamine 
hydrochloride  and 
riboflavin. 


VITAMIN   B 
COMPLEX   CAPSULES 

Contains  the  whole 
natural  B- Complex  as 
derived  from  high 
p>otency  brewers'  yeast, 
fortified  with  five  cry- 
stalline vitamins. 


VITAMIN   B 
COMPLEX   TABLETS 

Made  with  a  special  B- 
Complex  extract  of  brew- 
ers' yeast  fortified  with 
five  crystalline  vitamins. 
Potent  and  Economical. 


For  literature  write  36  Caledonia  Road,  Toronto,  Canada. 


ER: Sqjjibb  &.Sons  of  Canada,  Ltd. 

MANUFACTURING     CHEMISTS     TO     THE     MEDICAL     PROFESSION     SINCE    1858 


AUGUST,   1942 


569 


570 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


McCILL 
UNIVERSITY 

School  for  Graduate  Nurses 

The     following     one-year     certificate 

courses     are     offered     to     graduate 

nurses : 

TEACHING  AND 

SUPERVISION    IN    SCHOOLS 

OF   NURSING 

PUBLIC    HEALTH    NURSING 

ADMINISTRATION  IN 

HOSPITALS    AND   SCHOOLS 

OF   NURSING 

ADMINISTRATION  AND 

SUPERVISION 

IN  PUBLIC  HEALTH 

NURSING 

For  information  apply  to: 

School    for    Graduate    Nurses 
McGill   University,  Montreal. 


ROYAL  VICTORIA  HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL  OF  NURSING 

MONTREAL 

Courses  for  Graduate  Nurses 

(1)  A  three-months  course  is  offered 
in  Obstetrical  Nursing.  (2)  A  two- 
months  course  is  offered  in  Gyne- 
cological Nursing.  For  further 
information  apply  to  Miss  Caroline 
Barrett,  R.N.,  Supervisor,  Women's 
Pavilion,  Royal  Victoria  Hospital. 


(3)  A  course  in  operating  room 
technique  and  management  is  of- 
fered to  nurses  with  graduate  ex- 
perience in  operating  room  work. 

(4)  Courses  are  also  offered  in 
medical  nursing;  surgical  nursing; 
nursing  in  diseases  of  the  eye,  ear, 
nose  and  throat;  nursing  in  uro- 
logy. For  further  information  apply 
to  Miss  F.  Munroe,  R.N.,  Superin- 
tendent of  Nurses,  Royal  Victoria 
Hospital. 


London,  Ont. ;  Miss  Buchanan,  Niagara 
Falls,  Ont. ;  Miss  Ethel  Cryderman,  Toronto, 
Ont. ;  Miss  Isobel  McEwan,  Toronto,  Ont. ; 
Aliss  P.  Morrison,  Toronto,  Ont. ;  Miss  G. 
Ross,  Toronto,  Ont. ;  Mrs.  Perry  Evans, 
Prescott.  Ont. ;  Miss  Blanche  Anderson,  Ot- 
tawa ;  Miss  Gertrude  Halpenny,  Ottawa ; 
Miss  Schayer,  Ottawa ;  Miss  G.  A.  Archard, 
Halifax,  N.S. ;  Miss  B.  Gregory,  Saint  John, 
N.B. ;  Miss  M.  Barnhill,  Fairview,  N.B. ; 
Miss  Dobson,  (Imperials).  Telegrams  of 
good  wishes  were  read  from  Miss  Margaret 
Macdonald  and  Miss  Emma  Pense. 

All  present  were  gratified  that  during  the 
last  few  months  three  of  our  members  have 
received  special  recognition.  Miss  Smellie 
was  awarded  an  honorary  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Laws  by  the  University  of  Western  On- 
tario, the  first  woman  to  be  so  recognized 
by  that  University.  Miss  E.  Frances  Upton 
of  Montreal,  and  Aliss  Eleanor  McPhedran 
of  Calgary  were  both  awarded  the  Mary 
Agnes  Snively  medal  by  the  Canadian  Nur- 
ses Association  in  recognition  of  their  serv- 
ices to  the  nursing  profession. 

A  review  of  the  activities  of  the  Units 
for  the  last  two  years  showed  how  much 
the  Sisters  are  contributing  in  time  and 
work.  In  addition,  the  sum  of  £600  sterling 
has  been  sent  to  aid  the  British  Civilian 
Nurses  with  another  £200  to  be  sent  at 
once.  Fifteen  of  our  seventeen  Units  have 
contributed  and  the  presidents  of  the  other 
two  Units  have  sent  in  personal  subscriptions. 
The  affiliation  with  the  Canadian  Legion  of 
the  B.E.S.L.  is  still  to  be  completed.  The 
Constitution  revision  was  accepted  with  one 
or  two  minor  changes.  The  material  for  the 
chapter  on  Military  Nursing  for  the  History 
of   Nursing  in  Canada  is  being  completed. 

The  1944  meeting  will  be  in  Winnipeg 
where  the  new  officers  will  shortly  be  ap- 
pointed. The  outgoing  Executive  extends  to 
the  new  Executive  their  best  wishes  for 
the  next  two  years  and  to  all  Units  congratu- 
lations on  the  work  accomplished.  It  is  hoped 
that  the  spirit  of  co-operation  between  the 
Units  will  grow  as  only  through  united  ef- 
forts can  best  results  be  obtained. 

F.   MuNROE, 

Retiring  President. 

Vol.  38,  No.  8 


WANTED 

General  Duty  Nurses  and  Private  Duty  Nurses  are  wanted  for  duty  at 
the  King  Edward  VII  Memorial  Hospital  in  Bermuda.  All  applicants  must  be 
Registered  Nurses,  and  all  information  may  be  obtained  from: 

The  Matron,  King  Edward  VII  Memorial  Hospital,  Bermuda. 


WANTED 

Applications  are  invited  for  the  position  of  Class  Room  Instructress  for 
a  100-bed  Hospital.  Apply,  giving  qualifications,  experience,  and  salary  ex- 
pected, to: 

The  Superintendent,  General  Hospital,  Dauphin,  Manitoba. 


WANTED 

Applications  are  invited  from  Registered  Nurses  for  General  Duty  in  a 
Tuberculosis  Sanitorium  of  650  beds.  The  salary,  to  start,  is  $65.00  a  month, 
with  full  maintenance.  Address  applications  to: 
Miss  Alberta  Bell,  Superintendent  of  Nurses,  Toronto  Hospital,  Weston,  Ont. 


WANTED 

Applications  are  invited  for  the  position  of  Instructor,  with  experience, 
for  a  School  of  Nursing  in  a  228-bed  General  Hospital  in  North  Western  On- 
tario. Address  applications  to: 

Miss  Olive  Waterman,  Superintendent  of  Nurses,  McKellar  General  Hospital, 
Fort  William,  Ont. 


WANTED 

Applications  are  invited  for  the  position  of  Instructress  of  Nurses  for  the 
Medicine  Hat  General  Hospital  Training  School.  This  hospital  has  a  capacity 
of  140  beds.  Please  apply,  stating  experience,  age,  and  salary  expected,  to: 
Superintendent  of  Nurses,  Medicine  Hat  General  Hospital,  Medicine  Hat,  Alta. 


WANTED 

Experienced  Hospital  Dietitian  for  a  hospital  with  a  bed  capacity  of  125. 
The  salary  is  $90.00  a  month,  with  board,  room,  and  laundry. 

General  Duty  Nurses.  The  salary  to  commence  is  $75.00  a  month,  with 
boara,  room,  and  laundry. 

Nurses  with  postgraduate  experience  in  either  Laboratory  or  Operating 
Room.  The  salary  is  $80.00  a  month. 

For  further  information  apply  to: 

The  Superintendent,  Trail-Tadanac  Hospital,  Trail,  B.C. 


AUGUST,   1942  571 


"GEE,  NURSE!  I'M  GLAD  YOU 
USE   PALMOLIVE   HERE  . 
WE  USE  IT  AT  HOME!" 


^ 


Nurses  and  Patients  Agree: 

PALMOLIVE 

makes  bathing   more   pleasant 

WISE  in  patient  care,  nurses 
know  that,  because  Palm- 
olive  is  made  with  the  costliest 
blend  of  soothing  Olive  and  Palm 
Oils,  it  leaves  patients  cleansed  to 
a  fragrant  daintiness  .  .  .  with  skin 
refreshed  and  soothed.  They  know, 
too,  that  Palmolive  is  a  natural 
soap,  free  of  animal  fats,  artificial 
colourings  and  bleaches.  Exper- 
ience has  proved  to  them  that 
Palmolive's  extra  kind,  extra  gen- 
tle lather  is  agreeable  to  even  the 
most  sensitive  skin. 


PALMOLIVE 

is    one   of    the 

"little  things'' 

patients       call 

important    ! 


More  patients  use  Palmolive  at  home 
g    than  any  other  leading  beauty  soap! 


NEWS    NOTES 

ALBERTA 

Calgary: 

At  a  delightful  social  function  arranged 
under  the  auspices  of  the  Alberta  Associa- 
tion of  Registered  Nurses  the  award  of  the 
Mary  Agnes  Snively  medal  was  made  to 
Miss  Eleanor  McPhedran  by  Miss  Grace 
Fairley,  president  of  the  Canadian  Nurses 
Association.  This  event  took  place  at  the 
home  of  Mrs.  J.  N.  Gunn.  In  presenting 
the  medal  to  Miss  McPhedran  Miss  Fairley 
said :  "This  is  a  happy  occasion  for  it  is 
women  of  your  calibre  w^ho  have  worked 
and  developed  the  profession  as  it  is  today 
and  who  are  recipients  of  the  medals". 

Miss  Rae  Chittick,  president  of  the  Al- 
berta Association  of  Registered  Nurses,  in- 
troduced Miss  Fairley,  who  was  also  a  re- 
cipient of  the  award.  Miss  Chittick  paid  tri- 
bute to  the  spade  work  done  by  Calgary's 
veteran  nurse  in  the  forming  of  the  provin- 
cial organization,  and  said  the  national  body 
had  chosen  wisely  in  conferring  this  honour 
on  Miss  McPhedran.  She  also  read  many 
letters  of  congratulations,  one  of  which  was 
from  the  School  of  Nursing  of  the  New 
York  Hospital  from  which  Miss  McPhedran 
had  graduated. 

Mrs.  W.  A.  Lincoln,  Mrs.  A.  H.  Baker, 
]Miss  Marion  Lavell,  and  Miss  Ann  Heibert 
presided  at  the  tea  tab'.e.  Assisting  in  serv- 
ing the  150  guests  were  Miss  May  Dean- 
Freeman,  Miss  Helen  Garfield,  Nursing  Sis- 
ter Nettie  Garfield,  Miss  Dorothy  Burwash, 
Miss  D.  M.  Gammon,  Mrs.  T.  L.  O'Keefe, 
Miss  H.  Whale,  Miss  Jeannette  Gunne,  Miss 
Ruth  Taylor,  and  Miss  V.  O'Dell.  Mrs.  R.  G. 
Straker  invited  the  guests  into  the  tea  room. 
Miss  Kathleen  Connor  was  the  convenor. 


BRITISH    COLUMBIA 

Prince  Rupert: 

The  monthly  meeting  of  the  Prince  Ru- 
pert Chapter,  R.N. A. B.C.  was  held  recently 
when  the  following  officers  were  elected 
to  replace  the  former  executive,  all  of  whom 
have  left  the  city:  president.  Miss  E.  Gra- 
ham; vice-president,  Mrs.  A.  H.  Brooks; 
secretary,  Mrs.  D.  Bretzen;  treasurer,  Mrs. 
E.  Mackay;  Miss  E.  D.  Priestly,  past  pre- 
sident, who  was  responsible  for  organizing 
our  chapter  last  year,  was  recently  trans- 
ferred to  the  Chilliwack  Public  Health  Serv- 
ice. Miss  Priestly  pioneered  as  public  health 
nurse  in  this  city  and  paved  the  way  for 
the  public  health  unit  which  is  now  estab- 
lished here.  We  feel  that  her  transfer  is  a 
loss  to  the  community  but  w^e  are  pleased  to 
welcome  the  new  health  unit  nurses  —  Miss 
Eleanor  Graham,  from  Duncan  Health  Cen- 


572 


Vol.  38,  No.  8 


NEWS   NOTES 


573 


tre,  and  Miss  Beth  Ochs,   from  the  Abbot- 
sford  Public  Health  Unit. 

Most  of  our  nurses  have  taken  St.  John 
Ambulance  first  aid  courses,  and  frequent 
practices  have  been  held  at  the  various  first 
aid  posts  throughout  the  city.  All  posts  are 
adequately  staffed  by  volunteer  graduate 
nurses.  A  gratifying  number  of  married 
nurses  have  enrolled  for  a  refresher  course 
in  nursing  to  be  given  by  qualified  nursing 
school   instructors. 

Rossland: 

The  Rossland  Nurses  Association  meets 
twice  a  month,  once  for  routine  business  and 
program,  and  once  a  month  to  make  Red 
Cross  surgical  dressings.  The  annual  meet- 
ing was  a  dinner  meeting  with  the  local  doc- 
tors as  guests.  Two  members  attended  the 
Trail  Chapter's  annual  dinner.  The  associa- 
tion has  appointed  representatives  on  the 
executives  of  the  Local  Community  Chest, 
A.R.P.,  and  Red  Cross  Committees.  A.R.P. 
classes  have  been  attended  by  members  in 
groups.  The  St.  John  Ambulance  executive 
were  assisted  in  their  home  nursing  classes, 
while  the  Red  Cross  home  nursing  classes 
have  been  in  charge  of  Mrs.  Mary  Lonsbury, 
assisted  by  other  members  of  the  association. 
Two  members  have  left  for  military  serv- 
ice —  Miss  Jean  Allison  is  now  in  South 
Africa  and  Miss  Babe  McDonald  is  at  the 
Coast. 

Miss  Flora  McLean  represented  the  West 
Kootenay  District  at  the  C.N. A.  general 
meeting  in  Montreal. 

Ocean  Falls: 

A  Graduate  Nurses  Association  has  been 
formed  at  Ocean  Falls,  consisting  of  21 
members  of  which  the  following  are  on  the 
executive :  honourary  president.  Miss'  F. 
Evans ;  president,  Mrs.  Morley  Patterson ; 
vice-president.  Miss  Paula  Gansner ;  secre- 
tary-treasurer, Miss  Hazel  Merritt ;  program 
convener.  Miss  M.  Patterson ;  social  con- 
vener, Mrs.   Petrie. 

Two  meetings  have  been  held  and  the 
programs  were  given  over  to  the  doctors 
who  spoke  on  the  newer  trends  of  medical 
care.  These  talks  were  greatly  enjoyed  as 
some  of  the  members  had  been  away  from 
active  nursing   for  some  years. 

Vancouver: 

Vancouver  General  Hosfital: 

•  The  Vancouver  General  Hospital  Alumnae 
Association  recently  held  a  most  successful 
garden  party  at  the  home  of  Mrs.  B.  W. 
Fleck.  The  weather  man  favoured  us  with 
a  lovely  day  and  the  beautiful  garden  was 
at  its  best.  The  many  nurses  and  their  friends 
showed  a  keen  interest  in  the  various  games 
of  chance,  home-cooking  and  tea.   The   ar- 

AUGUST,  1942 


Over  60  years  ago  Dr.  Phillips  presen- 
ted an  outstanding  medical  discovery — 

PHILLIPS'  MILK  OF  MAGNESIA 

Through  three  generations  it  has  been 
a  standard  form  of  antacid  medication 
—  three  times  as  effective  as  a  satura- 
ted solution  of  sodium  bicarbonate. 

It  is  gentle  and  thorough  as  a  laxative. 

No  carbonates  liberated;  no  CO2  bloat- 
ing. Minimal  acid  rebound. 


DOSAGE: 

As  an  antacid  —  2 
to   4   teaspoonfuls 

As  a  gentle  laxa- 
tive —  4  to  8  tea- 
spoonfuls 


We  will  send  you  a  professional  package  on 
request. 

Phillips' 

Milk  of  Magnesia 


Prepared  only  by 


THE  CHAS.  H.  PHILLIPS  CHEMICAL  CO. 

Windsor,  Ontario 


574 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


MERCK 

ZINC  STEARATE 


the  water-proof 
toilet  powder 

For  Baby  —  it  forms  a  powdery 
film  to  keep  the  delicate  skin 
free  from  dampness  —  pre- 
vents chafing  and  diaper  rash. 

For  Adults  —  prevents  hot 
weather  chafing,  cools  the  irri- 
tated skin  —  relieves  burning 
feet 

Handy  self-closing  tin  that 
baby  cannot  possibly  open  and 
that  mother  cannot  spill  acci- 
dentally. 


rangements  were  under  the  able  convener- 
ship  of  Mrs.  G.  E.  Gillies  and  her  commit- 
tee. The  proceeds  amounted  to  approximately 
$300,  which  was  donated  to  the  British 
Nurses  Relief  Fund. 


MANITOBA 

Winnipeg: 

Winnifeg  General  Hosfital: 

A  dinner  was  held  by  twenty-one  Winni- 
peg General  Hospital  graduates  who  attend- 
ed the  Canadian  Nurses  Association  con- 
vention in  Montreal. 

Miss  Grace  Motta  (1927),  who  has  re- 
cently completed  a  course  in  teaching  and 
supervision  at  the  School  of  Nursing,  Uni- 
versity of  Toronto,  has  accepted  a  staff  po- 
sition at  the  W.G.H.  Miss  K.  Weatherhead 
(1939)  and  Miss  M.  Archer  (1940)  have 
recently  completed  a  postgraduate  course 
in  teaching  and  administration  at  the  McGill 
School  for  Graduate  Nurses.  Miss  Laura 
Johnson  (1925)  is  a  1942  graduate  of  the 
public  health  nursing  course  at  the  School 
of  Nursing,  University  of  Toronto.  Miss 
Tritt  (1940)  is  a  recent  graduate  in  teach- 
ing and  supervision  at  the  School  of  Nurs- 
ing, University  of  Toronto. 

Married :  Recently,  Miss  Marguerite  Bad- 
ger   (1940)    to   Dr.   Duncan   Kippin. 


NOVA  SCOTIA 

New  Glasgow: 
Aberdeen  Hosfital: 

The  Hon.  L.  D.  Currie,  Minister  of  Mines 
for  Nova  Scotia,  was  the  guest  speaker  at 
the  graduation  exercises  of  the  School  of 
Nursing  of  the  Aberdeen  Hospital  which 
w^re  held  recently.  This  class  was  the  larg- 
est in  the  history  of  the  Hospital.  Mayor 
Saunders,  of  Westville,  a  member  of  the 
board  of  trustees,  acted  as  chairman,  and 
D.  C.  Miller,  president  of  the  medical  staff, 
addressed  the  graduates.  A  string  quartette, 
under  the  direction  of  Mrs.  R.  M.  Benvie, 
delighted  the  audience  with  selections,  and 
the  Rev.  M.  A.  MacMillan,  who  gave  the 
invocation,  led  the  nurses  in  repeating  the 
Nightingale  pledge.  A  social  hour  was  later 
held  when  the  graduates  received  their 
friends  and  relatives.  Miss  H.  Wilson,  su- 
perintendent of  nurses,  received  the  guests, 
and  Miss  M.  Grossman,  superintendent  of 
the  Hospital  and  Miss  L.  MacEachern,  in- 
structress of  nurses,  assisted  in  serving. 
Lunch  w-as  served  by  the  graduate  staff. 
The  following  night  the  graduation  dance 
was  held,  when  Miss  H.  Wilson  and  Miss 
M.    Grossman   greeted  the  guests. 

The  following  marriages  have  recently 
taken  place:  Jean  MacDonald  (1941)  to 
J.  W.  H.  Sutherland;  Edith  Sutherland 
(St.  Martha's  Hospital,  Antigonish,  1934) 
to    Ray    Walker. 

Vol.  38,  No.  ft 


NEWS   NOTES 


575 


ONTARIO 

District  1 

St.  Thomas: 

The  Spring  meeting  of  District  1,  R.X.- 
A.O.,  was  held  in  St.  Thomas  on  June  6. 
The  executive  met  at  10  a.m,  with  Mrs. 
C.  I.  Salmon,  chairman,  presiding,  after 
which  a  delightful  luncheon  was  served 
in  the  nurses  residence  of  the  Memorial  Hos- 
pital. The  general  meeting  opened  with  the 
recital  of  the  Lord's  Prayer  in  unison  fol- 
lowed by  the  singing  of  "O  Canada".  The 
report  of  the  secretary-treasurer  showed  a 
bank  balance  of  $247.12,  plus  a  hundred 
dollar  bond.  Reports  of  each  section  were 
very  interesting,  showing  the  keen  interest 
that  is  being  taken  in  the  nursing  problems. 

An  immediate  survey  of  all  active  and 
inactive  nurses  is  being  made  for  the  Civil- 
ian Defence  Committee.  All  nurses  mar- 
ried or  single,  and  regardless  of  whether 
they  are  registered  nurses  or  are  members 
of  an  Alumnae  Association  in  the  District, 
are  being  asked  to  get  in  touch  with  their 
district  councillor.  Dr.  W.  J.  Armstrong  gave 
a  very  interesting  talk  on  the  recent  advan- 
cement in  blood  transfusion.  A  vote  of 
thanks  was  given  to  all  those  taking  part.  In 
the  afternoon  the  nurses  were  guests  of  the 
Memorial  Hospital  Alumnae  Association  at 
a  delightful  tea. 

District  1  is  justly  proud  to  have  Miss 
Mildred  Walker,  Chief  of  the  Department 
of  Public  Health  Nursing  in  the  Unversity 
of  Western  Ontario,  London,  as  president 
of  the  Registered  Nurses  Association  of 
Ontario. 

A  bronze  plaque  bearing  the  names  of 
73  members  of  the  staff  of  the  Ontario 
Hospital,  London,  now  serving  in  the  arm'^d 
forces  of  the  Dominion,  was  unveiled  re- 
cently by  the  Lieutenant-Governor  of  On- 
tario. The  roll  of  honour  contains  names 
of  male  members  of  the  staff  and  a  num- 
ber of  nurses,  many  of  whom  are  now  over- 
seas,  some   in   Africa. 


Districts  2  and  3 

Brantford: 

Brantford   General  Hosfital: 

At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Brantford 
General  Hospital  Alumnae  Association  the 
following  officers  were  elected  to  serve 
during  the  coming  year :  Honourary  presi 
dent,  Miss  E.  M.  McKee;  president,  Mrs. 
G.  A.  Grierson;  vice-president,  Miss  H. 
Cuff ;  secretary,  Miss  I.  Feely ;  treasurer, 
Miss  L.  Burtch ;  committee  conveners :  so- 
cial :  Mrs.  G.  Thompson,  Mrs.  L.  Sturgeon ; 
flower:  Miss  N.  Yardley,  Miss  R.  Moffat; 
gift :  Miss  K.  Charnley,  Miss  V.  Buckwell ; 
representative  to  The  Canadian  Nurse  and 
press.  Miss  ^L  Copeland ;  general  nursing 
section,  Miss  D.  Rashleigh ;  Red  Cross,  Miss 


For  safe,   modern  antisepsis 

C7«e  DETTOL' 


X 


IN   HOSPITAL  WORK 
IN  PRIVATE  PRACTICE 

'DETTOL'  Antiseptic  can  be 
used  at  really  effective 
strengths  without  danger  or 
discomfort.  It  is  stable  in  the 
presence  of  blood,  faeces  and 
other  organic  matter.  A  2% 
solution  rapidly  kills  haemo- 
lytic  streptococci  and  B.  Coli 
even  in  the  presence  of  pus. 

When  a  thin  film  of  30% 
'DETTOL'  dries  on  the  skin, 
it  renders  it  insusceptible  to 
infection  by  haemolytic  strep- 
tococci for  at  least  two  hours, 
unless  grossly  contaminated. 
'DETTOL'  is  readily  miscible 
with  water,  has  an  agreeable 
odour  and  is  an  effective  deo- 
dorant. It  does  not  stain 
either  the  skin  or  fabrics. 


'DETTOL'   Antiseptic   Offers  ALL   These 
Qualities: — 

•  A   powerful    antiseptic 

•  Gentle  to  human  tissue 

•  Non-poisonous 

•  Non-staining 

•  Agreeable    odour 

•  Concentrated   —  economi- 
cal in  use 


Available  through  your  regu- 
lar druggist  or  surgical  sup- 
ply house  in  convenient  pres- 
cription size  bottles  or  larger 
containers  for  medical  and 
hospital  use.  Write  for  liter- 
ature and  samples  —  Reckitt 
&  Colman  (Canada)  Limited, 
Pharmaceutical  Dept.,  1000 
Amherst  Street,  Montreal. 


Vol.  38,  No.  8 


576 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


RENNET-CUSTARDS 


DIABETIC  .t^0^ 


#  The  depressive  monotony  of 
diabetic  diets  can  be  relieved  with  the 
aid  of  tempting  and  delicious  rennet- 
custards  made  with  "JUNKET" 
RENNET  TABLETS  and  saccharin. 
These  Rennet  Tablets  contain  no  sugar 
or  flavoring,  so  they  may  be  computed 
for  the  diets  as  nil.  Send  for  rennet- 
custard  and  rennet-custard  ice  cream 
recipes  prepared  especially  for  diabetics. 

"  ■*  *■  ^  .  •  .  Ask  on  your  letterhead  for 
our  new  book:  "Dietary  Uses  of  Rennet- 
Custards",  and  for  samples  of  "Junket" 
Food  Products. 

"THE  *JUNKET'  FOLKS" 

Chr.  Hansen's  Laboratory,  Toronto,  Ont. 


^^  TRADEMARK 

REHNET  TABLETS 


For  Those 
Who  Prefer  The  Best 


WHITE  TUBE  CREAM 

will 

Make  Your  Shoes  Last  Longer 

Give    A    Whiter    Finish 
Prove  More  Economical  To  Use. 

Made  in  Canada 

For  Sale  At  All  Good  Shoe  Stores 
From    Coast   to    Coast. 


O.  Gowman;  Local  Council  of  Women:  Mrs. 
G.  S.  Barber,  Mrs.  R.  Smith,  Miss  P.  Cole. 

Nineteen  nurses  recently  received  their 
diplomas  at  the  fifty-fifth  annual  gradua- 
tion exercises  of  the  Brantford  General 
Hospital  School  for  Nurses.  Mr.  Graham 
K.  Stratford,  president  of  the  board  of 
governors,  acted  as  chairman,  and  Lieut.- 
Colonel  George  O.  Faliis,  C.B.E.  delivered 
the  address.  Miss  E.  M.  McKee,  adminis- 
trator of  the  B.G.H.,  led  the  graduates  in 
the  Nightingale  pledge.  Mr.  H.  C.  Nixon 
presented  the  diplomas,  and  awards  were 
made  to  the  outstanding  students.  Miss  D. 
H.  Arnold,  director  of  the  School  for 
Nurses,  presented  a  comprehensive  report 
on  the  year's  activities.  A  garden  party  was 
held  on  graduation  day,  and  the  Alumnae 
Association  entertained  the  1942  class  at  a 
dinner   and   dance. 

Miss  D.  Arnold  and  Miss  P.  Cole  recently 
attended  the  biennial  meeting  of  the  C.N. A. 
held  in  Montreal.  Miss  H.  Cuff  graduated 
recently  from  the  School  of  Nursing,  Uni- 
versity of  Toronto  (teaching  and  adminis- 
tration) and  has  joined  the  staff  of  the 
B.G.H.  Miss  G.  Jones  also  graduated  re- 
cently from  the  School  of  Nursing,  Uni- 
versity of  Toronto  (public  health)  and  has 
joined  the  Brantford  Branch  of  the  V.O.N. 
Mrs.  Beth  Claridge  ( B.G.H. ),  who  is  serv- 
ing with  the  R.C.A.M.C,  has  arrived  safe- 
ly in  England. 

The  following  marriages  have  recently 
taken  place:  C.  AlacLean  (1936)  to  Wil- 
liam King;  M.  Duncan  (1933)  to  Lieut. 
John  Howard;  J.  Scott  (1935)  to  Leigh 
Hogarth. 


District  4 


Hamilton  : 

Hamilton    General   Hosfital: 

Miss  Julia  Oltsher  is  at  the  Hamilton 
Military  Hospital.  Miss  Francis  Fish  is  do- 
ing public  health  work  on  Vancouver  Island, 
and  Aliss  Beth  Law  is  doing  public  health 
work  in  Alberta. 

The  following  marriages  have  recently 
taken  place :  Ruth  Luckhardt  to  Harvey 
Berndt ;  Amy  Beeching  to  Lieut.  Nelson 
Nix,  R.C.A.M.C. ;  Margaret  Gartrell  to  Ro- 
bert Burns  Cornell. 


District  8 

School  of  Nursing, 

Universiiy  of  Ottawa: 

About  200  Ottawa  nurses  recently  availed 
themselves  of  opportunities  offered  by  the 
School  of  Nursing,  University  of  Ottawa, 
and  attended  refresher  courses  for  graduate 
nurses    conducted   by   the   school.    The    first 


Vol.  38,  No.  8 


I 


NEWS   NOTES 


577 


course  was  planned  in  response  to  the  re- 
quest of  the  C.N. A.  that  inactive  nurses 
prepare  themselves  to  return  to  active  nurs- 
ing in  the  case  of  an  emergency.  It  took 
the  form  of  a  three-day  period  of  lectures 
and  demonstrations  by  prominent  Ottawa 
physicians  and  was  held  at  the  School  of 
Nursing  and  the  Ottawa  General  Hospital 
with  which  the  school  is  connected.  However, 
the  attendance  at  the  first  course  so  far  ex- 
ceeded expectations,  that  it  was  decided  to 
repeat  the  course  in  the  evenings.  According- 
ly lectures  were  held  three  evenings  a  week 
for  two  weeks ;  a  similar  course  in  French 
was  conducted  simultaneously.  The  subjects 
included  pneumonia,  newer  drugs,  treatment 
of  burns,  anaesthesia  and  analgesia  in  ob- 
stetrics, rheumatic  fever  and  cardiac  com- 
plications, diabetes  and  the  administration 
of  insulin,  neurological  surgery,  thyroid, 
communicable  diseases,  and  heat  therapy  in 
the  treatment  of  venereal  disease,  eye,  ear, 
nose  and  throat,  hormones,  carcinoma,  and 
also  demonstrations  of  newer  treatments  and 
reviews  of  older  techniques. 

The  director  and  staff  of  the  school  are 
greatly  encouraged  by  the  enthusiastic  re- 
sponse on  the  part  of  the  Ottawa  nurses. 


PRINCE  EDWARD  ISLAND 

Charlottetown  : 

Charlottetoivn  Hospital: 

The  student  nurses  of  Charlottetown  Hos- 
pital recently  held  a  farewell  party  in  hon- 
our of  the  1942  graduating  class.  "An  In- 
terview with  Jeanne  Mance"  was  dramatized 
by  the  junior  class.  This  outline  of  Jeanne 
Mance's  life  impressed  both  actors  and  au- 
dience with  the  importance  of  this  heroic 
woman  "whose  part  in  the  drama  of  Can- 
ada's early  history",  as  her  biographer  states, 
"was  more  important  than  our  historians 
have  seemed  to  realize".  An  amusing  read- 
ing, "Rest  Cure",  was  given  by  Miss  Frances 
MacDonald,  and  a  presentation  of  nurses 
manuals  to  the  graduates  concluded  the  pro- 
gram.   A   social   hour   followed. 

Married :  Recently,  Miss  Ruth  Toombs 
(1937)    to  Mr.   Benedict   Callaghan. 

Summerside: 

The  graduation  exercises  of  the  School 
of  Nursing  of  the  Prince  County  Hospital 
were  held  recently  when  five  graduates  re- 
ceived their  diplomas  and  pins.  The  address 
was  given  by  Dr.  Beer,  and  a  reception  and 
dance   followed  the  exercises. 

The  National  Day  of  Prayer  for  Nurses 
was  commemoiated  by  the  students  and 
graduates  when  special  services  were  held 
in  Trinity  United  Church  and  St.  Paul's 
Church.  National  Hospital  Day  was  ob- 
served by  Prince  County  Hospital,  and  many 
visitors  from  the  town  and  surrounding  dis- 
tricts came  to  visit  the  Hospital. 

A  successful  dance  was  sponsored  recently 

AUGUST,  1942 


&e/t  j/oun^sle/v  iaie  il  ffappil^ 


•  For  the  prevention  of  dental  caries 

•  To    maintain    calcium    balance 

Many  adults,  and  most  children,  find  cod  liver  oil 
unpalatable  —  even  causing  gastric  disturbance 
and  unpleasant  regurgitation.  For  these  reasons 
they  are  hard  to  persuade  to  take  needed  doses 
to  prevent  dental  caries  and  maintain  calcium 
balance. 

Ostogen-A  gives  the  full  therapeutic  value  of 
cod  liver  oil  without  any  unpleasant  taste,  odour, 
or  after  effects. 

Each  drop  supplies  600  Vitamin  D  Units  and  1000 
Vitamin  A  Units.  The  dose  is  two  drops  daily, 
from  precision  dropper.  If  prescribed  in  the  lar- 
ger size,   the  cost  is  but  one  cent  per  day. 

Modes   of  Issue: 

6    c.c.    bottles    $1.00  15    c.c.    bottles    S2.00 

(78  days  supply)  (195   days  supply) 

Where  Vitamin  A   is  not  essential: 

OSTOGEN 

may  be  prescribed  in  doses  of  from  one  to  six 
drops  daily  from  precision  dropper.  Each  drop  con- 
tains   1000  Vitamin  D  Units. 

Modes   of  Issue:    6  c.c.   and   15    c.c.   bottle* 


9^o^ 


The   Canadian   Mark   of   Quality 
Pharmaceuticals  Since  1899 


^ftmfedg.^^OiSdt&a). 


MONTREAL 


CANADA 


Where   Quality   and    Price   are    Equal   or   Better 
Prescribe    Canadian    Products 


578 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


THE    VERDUN    PROTESTANT 
HOSPITAL,  VERDUN,  P.  Q. 

The  Verdun  Protestant  Hospital 
for  the  treatment  of  mental  dis- 
eases offers  a  supplementary  four- 
months  course  in  psychiatry  to  gra- 
duate registered  nurses  who  have 
not  had  the  benefit  of  the  exper- 
ience afforded  during  an  under- 
graduate affiliate  course  in  this 
branch  of  nursing. 

A  regular  course  of  lectures  is 
given  by  the  Medical  Staff  and 
clinical  exi)erience  in  the  wards  af- 
fords an  opportunity  of  observing 
and  taking  part  in  the  modern 
treatment  of  mental  diseases. 

Maintenance  and  an  allowance  of 
$25.00  per  month  are  provided. 
Apply  to: 

Director  of  Nursing 
P.  O.  Box  6034 
Montreal,  P.Q. 


The  American  Hospital  Bureau 

1825  Empire  State  Building 
New  York  City 


Offers  to  Hospitals  in  Canada  and  the 
United  States  a  professional  placement 
service  for  Hospital  and  Nursingr  School 
Administrators,  Instructors,  Supervisors, 
Anaesthetists,  Dietitians,  Technicians,  and 
General  Duty  Nurses.  All  credentials  per- 
sonally verified. 


C.  M.  Powell,  R.  N.,  Director 


THE  CENTRAL 

REGISTRY  OF  GRADUATE 

NURSES,  TORONTO 

Furnish  Nurses 
at     any    hour 
DAY  or  NIGHT 

TELEPHONE  Kingsdale  2136 

Physicians'     and     Surgeons'      Bldg., 

86    Bloor    Street,    West,    TORONTO 

HELEN  CARRUTHERS,  Reg.  N. 


by  the  Alumnae  Association,  part  of  the 
proceeds  being  donated  to  the  British  Nurses 
Relief  Fund. 

Miss  Vera  Allen  (1940),  Miss  Marjorie 
Bryenton  (1941),  and  Mrs.  William  Mills 
(1941)  have  been  appointed  to  the  staff 
of  the   Prince   County   Hospital. 

QUEBEC 

Montreal: 

Montreal  General  Hospital: 

At  the  graduation  exercises  of  the  class 
of  1942,  59  nurses  received  their  medals  and 
diplomas.  Dr.  Burgess  gave  the  address  to 
the  graduates  and,  on  behalf  of  the  Alumnae 
Association,  the  president,  Miss  Catherine 
Anderson,  presented  each  member  with  a 
year's  membership  to  the  Association.  The 
winners  of  the  General  Proficiency  Prizes 
were  Miss  E.  Glenrose  Perkins  and  Miss 
Florence  Buffett.  The  Mildred  Hope  Forbes 
prizes  for  the  highest  aggregate  marks 
throughout  the  course  were  awarded  to 
Miss  E.  V.  Dixon  and  Miss  Mary  Clarke. 

Miss  Doris  Michie  (1933)  has  resigned 
from  the  staff  of  the  Central  Division  to 
take  charge  of  the  Anson  Memorial  Hospital 
at  Iroquois  Falls,  Ont.  Previous  to  her  de- 
parture a  joint  tea  was  given  in  her  honour 
and  that  of  Miss  Picken  who  was  to  be  mar- 
ried shortly.  Both  were  the  recipients  of 
gifts  from  Miss  Holt  and  the  nursing  staffs. 
Miss  Anna  Christie  (1941)  has  resigned 
from  the  staff  of  the  Central  Division  and 
plans  to  attend  the  McGill  School  for  Grad- 
uate Nurses  next  session.  Miss  Franckum 
has  severed  her  connection  with  the  Health 
Department  of  the  City  Hall  and  is  now  with 
the  Protestant  School  Board  health  service 
for  teachers.  Miss  Beatrice  Adam  (1941) 
has  accepted  a  position  on  the  staff  of  the 
Central    Division. 

The  members  of  the  Alumnae  Association 
extend  good  wishes  and  congratulations  to 
Miss  E.  Frances  Upton  on  receiving  the 
Mary  Agnes  Snively  Medal  from  the  Cana- 
dian Nurses  Association  at  the  Biennial 
Meeting. 

The  following  marriages  of  M.G.H.  grad- 
uates have  recently  taken  place :  Jean  Picken 
(1941)  to  Dr.  Guy  Danforth;  Jean  V.  Scott 
to  Mr.  Harry  D.  Mount. 


The  news  of  the  untimely  death  of  Mrs. 
O.  E.  Ellis  grieved  the  members  of  the 
Alumnae  Association  of  the  Montreal  Gen- 
eral Hospital.  For  many  years  Mrs.  Ellis 
lived  a  busy  and  useful  life  in  Western 
Canada  nursing  her  neighbours,  some  living 
40  miles  from  the  nearest  doctor.  She  was 
presonl  at  the  birth  of  62  babies,  without 
the  death  of  a  single  mother  and  without 
the  help  of  a  doctor.  She  suffered  many 
hardships,  travelling  on  badly  drifted  roads 

VoL  38,  No.  8 


NEWS    NOTES 


1)79 


in  forty  below  zero  weather  and  on  several 
occasions  had  to  go  on  horseback  to  reach 
a  patient  when  roads  were  impassable.  She 
was  a  member  of  the  Hazlet  Red  Cross 
and  the  ladies'  aid,  and  was  held  in  high 
esieem  by  the  people  of  the  district.  About 
400  of  her  neighbours  and  friends  attended 
the  funeral. 

Royal  Victoria  Hosfital: 

The  Alumnae  Association  of  the  Royal 
Victoria  Hospital  recently  entertained  for 
out-of-town  members  attending  the  Biennial 
Convention.  Those  present  were  Miss  Blan- 
che Anderson,  assistant  superintendent  of 
nurses,  Ottawa  Civic  Hospital ;  Miss  Mary 
Bliss,  superintendent  of  nurses.  Gait  Hos- 
pital ;  Miss  Marguerite  Bellehouse,  King- 
ston ;  Miss  Constance  Brewster,  superintend- 
ent of  nurses,  Hamilton  General  Hospital ; 
Miss  Margaret  Cogswell,  Royal  Alexandra 
Hospital,  Edmonton ;  Miss  Frances  Mac- 
donald,  instructor  of  nurses,  Sydney  Hos- 
pital ;  Miss  Xora  Xagle,  instructor  of  nurses, 
Sherbrooke  Hospital ;  Miss  Lenta  Hall, 
V.O.X.  supervisor,  Halifax;  Miss  Edith 
Moffatt,  superintendent  of  nurses,  Brock- 
ville  Hospital ;  Miss  Kathleen  Sanderson, 
honourary  secretary,  Canadian  Xurses  Asso- 
ciation, Vancouver ;  Miss  Margaret  Pringle, 
Stanley,  X.  B. ;  Matron  E.  J.  Enright,  R.C.- 
A.F. ;  Matron  Christine  Crawford,  R.C.A.- 
M.C. ;  Xursing  Sister  Helen  Kendall,  R.C.- 
A.M.C. ;  Xursing  Sister  Janet  MacKav, 
R.C.A.M.C:  Miss  Kathleen  Hill,  St.  Ste- 
phen, X.B. 

Miss  Audrey  Lamb  (1932),  who  has  been 
in  charge  of  the  Red  Cross  Outpost  at  Port 
Carling,  has  been  transferred  to  Kakabeka 
Falls.  Ont.  Xursing  Sisters  Janet  Mac  Kay 
and  Helen  Shanks  are  stationed  at  Rideau 
Military  Hospital,  Ottawa.  Miss  Mary 
Dampier  (1941)  is  on  the  staff  of  the 
V.O.X.  in  Montreal.  Mrs.  S.  Hardcastle 
(Amy  Stoddard,  1921)  has  been  appointed 
head  of  the  Red  Cross  Xursing  Reserve  at 
Ottawa. 

The  following  marriages  have  recently 
taken  place:  Christine  Rogers  (1941)  to 
Robert  Powrie;  Xursing  Sister  Bessie  Ani- 
ta Depew.  R.C.A.M.C.  (1932)  to  Capt. 
Thomas  Gregor  Fyshe,  R.C.A.M.C. ;  Xurs- 
ing Sister  Marv  Irene  Maguire,  R.C.A.- 
M.C. (1936)  to  Major  Bertram  H.  Cragg. 
R.C.A.M.C. 


McGill  School  for  Graduate  Nurses: 

On  June  25,  the  Alumnae  Association  of 
the  McGill  School  for  Graduate  Xurses  en- 
tertained at  a  reception  for  graduates  of 
the  School  who  were  attending  the  Con- 
vention of  the  Canadian  Xurses  Association. 
A  large  number  attended,  representing  grad- 
uates from  every  Province.  The  guests  w^ere 
received  by  Miss  M.  L  Brady,  president  of 
the  Alumnae  Association,  and  included  Mis. 

AUGUST.  1942 


NBW  under-arm 

Cream  Deodorant 


sa 


tfely 


Stops  Perspiration 


1.  Does  not  harm  dresses  —  does  not 
irritate  skin. 

2.  No  waiting  to  dry.  Can  be  used 
right  after  shaving. 

3.  Instantly  checks  perspiration  for  1 
to  3  days.  Removes  odor  from 
perspiration. 

4.  A  pure  white,  greaseless,  stainless 
vanishing  cream. 

5.  Arrid  has  been  awarded  the 
Approval  Seal  of  the  American 
Institute  of  Laundering,  for  being 
harmless  to  fabrics. 


Arrid  is  the  LARGEST 
SELLING  DEODOR- 
ANT. .  .Try  a  jar  today 
...  at  any  store  which 
sells  toilet  goods. 


ARRID 


oV '^    a  iar 


AT  ALL  STORES  WHICH  SELL  TOILET  GOODS 
(Also  in  15  cent  and  59  cent  jars) 


580 


THE    CANADIAN   NURSE 


McAinsh  &  Co.  Limited 

Dealers  in  Good  Books  Since  1885 
388  Yonge  Street  Toronto 


Our  latest  catalogues  of  nursing  books 
will  be  gladly  sent  to  you  on  request. 
We  shall  be  very  pleased  to  look  after 
your  order  for  any  nursing  books  for 
your  classes. 


USE 

TILLEY'S 

SURE  WHITE 

Liquid  and  Tubes 
For    White    Shoes 


WHERE  IS  THAT  JOURNAL? 

I  can't  find  it  anywhere. 
Did  I  forget  to  renew 

my    subscription? 
Yes,  dear   lady,  you   did. 
Send  two  dollars  at  once  to 

The  Canadian  Nurse 

1411   Crescent  St.,  Montreal. 


#  Apply  Menthols, 
turn.  Cooling, 
Boothing,  it  quickly 
relieves  irritation; 
promotes  hefiling. 
Also  for  Insect 
Bites, Chafing, Cuts 
and  Bruises.  Tubes 
and  Jars,  30c. 


Elizabeth  Smellie,  C.B.E.,  R.R.C,  LL.D., 
Matron-in-Chief,  R.C.A.M.C.,  and  Miss 
Grace  M.  Fairley,  retiring  president  of  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association,  and  Miss  E. 
Frances  Upton  who  were  so  fittingly  hon- 
oured during  the  convention  with  the  Mary 
Agnes  Snively  Medal  Award.  Those  who 
had  not  had  the  opportunity  of  visiting  the 
School  in  its  present  location  were  very 
pleased  with  the  new  residence.  A  most  en- 
joyable evening  was  spent  —  the  happy  at- 
mosphere of  returning  home  seemed  to  pre- 
vail. The  new  Guest  Book  was  signed  by 
a  large  number  of  the  members. 


Quebec  City: 

Jejjery  Hale^s  Hospital: 

The  following  members  of  the  graduate 
staff  of  Jeffery  Hale's  Hospital  recently 
attended  the  biennial  convention  of  the 
C.N. A.  held  in  Montreal :  Miss  M.  E.  Lu- 
nam,  Miss  Weary,  Mrs.  Seale,  Miss  Mo- 
roni, Miss  Archibald,  and  Miss  G.  Martin. 
Miss  AI.  Fischer  represented  the  Alumnae 
Association  at  the  convention. 

Miss  I.  MacDonald  received  the  prize 
given  by  the  board  of  governors  for  general 
proficiency    at   the    recent   graduation    exer- 


SASKATCHEWAN 

YORKTON : 

A  refresher  course,  sponsored  by  the 
Yorkton  Voluntary  Nursing  Service,  was 
held  recently  at  Queen  Victoria  Hospital  for 
the  benefit  of  inactive  nurses  wishing  to 
prepare  for  emergency  service.  The  twelve 
nurses  who  registered  were  greatly  inter- 
ested in  the  lectures  and  demonstra- 
tions, which  included  first  aid;  communi- 
cable diseases  —  encephalitis,  poliomyelitis, 
and  influenza ;  diet  in  diseases ;  drugs  and 
solutions ;  infant  care  and  feeding.  Demons- 
trations were  given  on  practical  procedures, 
Wangensteen  suction,  new  set-up  for  intra- 
venous  infusion,   and  blood   transfusion. 

A  lecture  and  demonstration  on  the  set- 
up for  an  obstetrical  case  in  the  caserootn 
and  in  the  home  was  given  by  Dr.  H.  A.  L. 
Portnuff,  as  well  as  a  lecture  in  chemo- 
therapy on  the  "Sulfa"  drugs.  Dr.  W.  M. 
MoUard  gave  an  informative  lecture  on 
diabetes  mellitus,  and  other  lecturers  in- 
cluded Dr.  S.  C.  Houston,  Dr.  P.  Potoski, 
Dr.  M.  C.  Novak,  Aliss  P.  Brown,  Miss  C. 
Penman,  Miss  M.  Robinson,  Mrs.  L.  Logan, 
and  Mrs.  M.  Wylie. 

Observation  on  the  wards  was  included 
for  two  hours  each  morning  for  three  days, 
a  group  of  four  nurses  attending  at  one 
time.  As  well  as  the  more  recent  practical 
procedures,  several  interesting  cases  _  were 
observed.  The  doctors  obliged  readily  in  re- 


Vol.  38,  No.  8 


NEWS  NOTES 


581 


lating    histories    of    these    cases,    treatment, 
etc.  and  answered  all  questions. 

The  course  lasted  for  one  month,  classes 
being  arranged  for  two  or  three  days  each 
week.  Already  a  few  of  the  class  have  been 
called  upon  to  help  at  the  hospital  during 
a  busy  time,  and  several  others  have  signified 
their  willingness  to  be  called  for  service 
in  case  of  emergency. 
Qu£en  Victoria  Hosfital'. 

At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Alumnae 
Association  of  Queen  Victoria  Hospital  the 
following  officers  were  elected:  Honourary 
president,  Mrs.  L.  V.  Barnes;  president, 
Mrs.  J.  Young;  vice-president.  Miss  E. 
Flanagan;  secretary,  Mrs.  T.  E.  Darroch ; 
treasurer,  Mrs.  G.  Heard;  social  convener, 
Mrs.  G.  Parsons ;  councillors :  Mrs.  W. 
Sharpe,  Mrs.  F.  Kisby,  Mrs.  J.  Parker; 
representative  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Mrs. 
W.  Sharpe. 

Reports  given  by  the  members  of  the 
executive  revealed  a  successful  and  enjoy- 
able year.  Five  dollars  was  donated  to  the 
Red  Cross,  as  well  as  38  knitted  garments 
and  2,435  dressings ;  $30  was  contributed 
to  the  British  Nurses  Relief  Fund;  and  $5 
went  to  the  Empty  Stocking  Fund.  Our  an- 
nual dinner  for  the  1942  graduating  class 
was  held  with  46  nurses  of  the  city  and 
surrounding  districts  attending. 

Miss  Phyllis  Brown,  superintendent  of 
nurses,  gave  an  interesting  report  on  the 
S.R.N.A.  annual  convention  held  at  Moose 
Jaw.  A  social  hour  followed. 

Humboldt: 

The  graduation  exercises  of  the  School  of 
Nursing  of  St.  Elizabeth  Hospital  were 
held  recently  when  nine  students  received 
their  diplomas  and  medals.  The  chairman. 
Dr.  B.  W.  Hargarten.  reviewed  briefly  the 
history  of  the  Humboldt  Hospital  and  also 
the  history  of  the  St.  Elizabethian  Sisters. 
The  guest  speaker  was  the  Rt.  Rev.  Father 
Abbott  Severin  Gertken  of  Muenster.  The 
salutatory  and  the  valedictory  were  given 
by  Miss  Bessie  Burwell  and  Miss  Marjorie 
Lockinger.  Musical  numbers  were  included 
on  the  program,  and  a  dance,  sponsored  by 
the  Hospital  Ladies  Aid,  followed  the  exer- 
cises. 

The  Sisters  of  St.  Elizabeth  Hospital  re- 
cently gave  a  banquet  in  honour  of  the 
1942  graduating  class.  Miss  Elma  Ploog, 
president  of  the  Student  Nurses  Study  Club, 
proposed  toasts  to  the  Rev.  Mother  Su- 
perior, Sister  Hildegarde,  the  superintendent 
of  nurses,  the  graduates,  and  to  the  incom- 
ing seniors,  intermediate  nurses,  juniors,  and 
the  probationers.  The  student  nurses  en- 
tertained the  graduates  with  a  short  pro- 
gram which  took  the  form  of  a  "mock  grad- 
uation". This  was  followed  by  a  wiener  roast. 


Hope 

of  the  Future 

Keep  them  healthy — let  Baby's  Own  Tablets 
help  you.  Pleasant,  simple  tablet  triturates,  they 
can  be  safely  depended  upon  for  relief  of  consti- 
pation, upset  stomach,  teething  fevers  and  other 
minor  ailments  of  babyhood.  Warranted  free  of 
narcotics  and  opiates.  A  standby  of  nurses  and 
mothers  for  over  40  years. 


BABY'S  OWN  Tablets 


NUGGET 

WHITE  DRESSING 


(the   cake   in   the   non-rust  tin) 

A  grand  White 
for  White  Shoes 

It  takes  Nugget  White  Dress- 
ing to  keep  your  White  shoes 
looking   their   best. 


Nugget  is  also  available  in 
Black,  Blue  and  all  shades  of 
Brown. 


AUGUST,  1942 


.    .    .    OFF   .    .    .   DUTY  .    .    . 

After  all,  it  is  pleasant  to  seek  fresh  fields  and  pastures  neiv  . . .  and  if 
you  were  lueky  enough  to  be  at  the  Biennial  Meeting  in  Montreal  we  are 
sure  you  had  a  good  time  . . .  Even  if  you  iveren't  there,  we  hope  you  will 
enjoy  reading  about  all  the  grand  doings  ^. .  National  conventions  are  an 
old  story  to  u^  . . .  but  ive  don't  pretend  that  ive  don't  get  a  kick  out  of 
them  . . .  Since  ice  never  refer  to  professional  problems  on  this  irresponsi- 
ble page  . . .  ive  shall  confine  our  attention  to  extra-curricular  activities  . . . 
We  hope  that  you  didn't  get  so  involved  in  the  amendment  to  the  amend- 
ment to  the  amendment .  .  .  that  you  forgot  to  take  a  look  at  Montreal .  .  .  a 
city  that  has  a  lot  to  offer  to  a  sympathetic  and  discerning  eye  .  .  .  For 
example,  did  you  see  a  pair  of  falcons  soaring  around  the  cliffs  of  the  Sun 
Life  Building?  .  .  .  This  has  been  their  eyrie  fm-  several  years  and  this 
Spring  they  raised  tivo  fine  youngsters  and,  when  the  building  superin- 
tendent invaded  the  privacy  of  their  family  life,  they  started  dive-bombing 
tactics  which  surprised  him  considerably  .  .  .  There  was  a  piece  about  this 
in  the  Montreal  Gazette  .  .  .  and  even  the  Toronto  papers  took  it  up  .  .  . 
The  general  feeling  seemed  to  be  that  something  ought  to  be  done  about 
protecting  building  superintendents  from  predatory  falcons  ...  {or  maybe 
in  Montreal  it  was  the  other  way  round)  .  .  .  Even  if  they  missed  the  fal- 
cmis,  we  do  know  that  some  unregenerate  Westerners  slipped  out  of  the 
heavier  sessions  with  a  guilty  look  in  the  corner  of  their  eye  .  .  .  We  darkly 
suspect  they  were  headed  for  the  Chateau  de  Ramezay  .  .  .  or  were  going 
to  the  Jacques  Cartier  Bridge  to  ivatch  the  St.  Lawrence  swirling  round 
the  great  stone  piers  on  its  ivay  to  the  sea  .  .  .  One  gay  couple  ivaved  their 
hands  to  us  from  a  horse-drawn  caleche  on  its  way  up  Mount  Royal  .  .  . 
and  we  gazed  enviously  at  others  sitting  on  banquettes  in  a  French  res- 
taurant .  .  .  dawdling  over  their  coffee  as  though  they  hadn't  a  care  in  the 
world  .  .  .  All  this  was  decidedly  reprehensible  but  they  can  depend  on  us 
to  mention  no  names  .  .  .  As  a  matter  of  fact  ive  think  they  had  the  right 
idea  .  .  .  If  we  had  our  way,  sessions  ivould  only  be  held  every  other  day 
.  .  .  There  would  be  time  to  greet  old  friends  and  make  new  ones  .  .  .  time 
to  gossip  about  tvho  had  married  whom  .  .  .  and  ivhat  became  of  old  Miss 
So-and-So  ivho  used  to  be  such  a  terror  on  Ward  B  .  .  .  Time  to  look  at 
what  is  happening  in  this  unintelligible  world  .  .  .  and  to  wonder  where  we 
are  all  going  .  .  .  and  why  we  are  in  such  a  hurry  to  get  there  .  .  .  It  was 
probably  quite  irrelevant,  but  we  ivere  reminded  of  a  conversation  between 
Florence  Nightingale  and  a  wise  and  kindly  Indian  Rajah  .  .  .  She  ardently 
advocated  sanitary  reforms  and  the  Rajah  listened  but  made  no  reply  .  .  . 
Suddenly  he  said,  "Miss  Nightingale,  do  you  believe  in  God?"  Her  ansiver 
is  not  recorded  .  .  .  but  ive  think  we  know  why  the  Rajah  put  that  search- 
ing question  .  .  .  and  so  did  Florence  Nightingale.  — E.  J, 

582  Vol.   38,   No.   8 


Official  Directory 

International  Council  of  Nurses 
Acting  Executive  Secretary,  Miss  Calista   F.   Banwarth,   310   Cedar   Street,    New   Haven 

Connecticut,  U.S.A. 

THE  CANADIAN  NURSES  ASSOCIATION 

President    Miss  Marion  Lindeburgh,  3466  University  St.,  Montreal.  P.  Q. 

Past  President     Miss  Grace  M.  Fairley,  Vancouver  General  Hospital,  Vancouver,  B.C. 

First  Vice-President     Miss  Marjorie  Buck.   Norfolk   General    Hospital,   Sinicoe,   Ont. 

Second  Vice-President      Miss  Fanny  Munroe,  Royal  Victoria  Hospital,   Montreal,  P.  Q. 

Honourary  Secretary       Miss  Rae  Chittick.   815 — 18th   Ave.  W.,   Calgary,   Alta. 

Honourary   Treasurer      Miss  Marjorie  Jenkins,  Children's   Hospital,   Halifax,   N.S. 

COUNCILLORS  AND  OTHER  MEMBERS  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 

^^^^••••ralj    indicate   office   held:    (1)    President,    Provincial    Nurses    Association; 

(t)Chairman,  Hotpital  and  School  of  Hurting  Section;   (S)   Chairman,  Public 

Health    Section;     U)    Chairman,    General    Nursing    Section. 

Alberta:   (1)  Miss  Rae  Chittick,  8l5-18th  Ave.  W..  D.  Acton,  Kingston  General  Hospital;   (3)  Miss 

Calgary;   (2)  Miss  Gena  Bamforth,  Royal  Alex-  Winnifred    Ashplant.    807    Waterloo    St.,    Lon- 

andra    Hospital,    Edmonton;     (3)    Miss    Helen  don;    U)    Miss    Dorothy    Ogilvie,    34    Gilchrist 

Garfield,  713-3rd  St.  E.,  Calgary;   (4)  Miss  An-  St.,   Ottawa, 

nie  Carlson.   Il2-10th  Ave.  N.  W..  Calgary.  p^i^^^   Edward    Island:    (1)    Miss    K.    MacLennan, 

_..._,      ,.       ,  .  ,.,      ».    r.  «»•  ij    i.>^<  trr    »  Provincial  Sanatorium,  Charlottetown ;  (2)  Miss 

Bntisfa  Columbia:  (1)  Miss  M.  Duf field,  1675  West  Georgie   Brown,   Prince  County  Hospital,  Sum- 

10th  Ave..  Vancouver:   '2)  Miss  F.McQuarrie.  merside;    (3)    Miss   M.   Darling,    Alberton;    (4) 

yancouver    General     Hospital;     (3)     Miss     F.  ^jj^g    ^     Hennessey,    Charlottetown     Hospital. 

L-nes,   1922   Adanac  St.,   Vancouver;    (4)    Mra.  rharlnHPtnwn 

E.  B.  Thomson.  1095  West  14th  St.,  Vancouver.  L-nanorretown. 

Quebec:     (1)    Miss    Eileen    Flanagan,    3801    Uni- 

Manitoba:  '1)  Mrs.  A.  C.  McFetridge,  418  Camp-  versity  St.,  Montreal;  '2)  Miss  Winnifr«d  Mac- 
bell  St.,  AVinnipeg;  (2)  Miss  D.  Ditchfield.  Lean,  Royal  Victoria  Hospital.  Montreal;  (8) 
Children's  Hospital,  Winnipeg;  (3)  Miss  E.  Miss  Kathleen  Dickson,  Royal  Edward  Insti- 
Rowiett,  125  Nassau  St.,  Winnipeg;  (4)  Miss  tute,  Montreal;  (4)  Miss  Anne-Marie  Robert, 
E.    Campbell,    778    Ingersoll    St.,    Winnipeg.  5484A  St.  Denis  St.,  Montreal. 

•a        n  -u.     /i\     CI-*—-    R-/...,.     Hr,f«i    ni.n       Saskatchewan:    (1)    Miss    M.  R.    Diederichs.    Grey 

N.W    Brunswick:     (1)    Sister    Kerr.    Hotel    Dleu  jj^^g.   Hospital.  Regina;    (2)    Rev.  Sister  Man- 

^f'l'*'}^hn^r?^lif^iol«       r^   Mu,^^   A*  '^iO'  St.  Paul's  Hospital    Saskatoon;    (3)   Miss 

l?,Vn-     H.nil'h    rlntr^    «PJ^  '  Inhn^^?!/Mi«  ^'^^^V^    McDonald.    6    Mayfair    Apts.    Regina; 

Burns,    Health    Centre,    Saint    John;    (4)    Miss  ,.    <..       w     j>     phisholm     8n'5-7th    Avp     n 

Myrtle   E-   Kay,   21    Austin   St„  Moncton.  Saskatwrn.                ^-nis'ioim.    805  7tli    Ave.    N., 

Nova    Scotia:     (1)    Miss    M.    Jenkins,    Children's  Chairmen,  National  Sections:   Hospital  and  School 

Hospital,   Halifax;    (2)    Sister  Mary  Peter,   St.  of   Nursing:   Miss  Miriam   L.   Gibson,   Hospital 

Martha's   Hospital.   Antigonish;    (3)    Miss  Jean  for  Sick  Children,  Toronto,  Ont.  PubUc  Health: 

Forbes,   314  Rov   Bldg.,    Halifax;    (4)    Miss  M.  Miss    Lyle    Creelman,    2570    Spruce    St.,    Van- 

Riplev,  46  Dublin  St..  Halifax.  couver,   B.C.   General  Nursing:  Miss  Madalene 

Baker.    249    Victoria    St..    London.    Ont.    Con- 
Ontario:    '1)    Miss   Mildred    I.  Walker,     Institute  vener.  Committee  on  Nursing  Education:  Miss 
of    Public    Health.    London;     '2)    Miss    Louise  E.  K.  Russell,  7  Queen's  Park.  Toronto,  Ont. 

Executiva  Sacraury:   Mi»»  Jaan  S.  Wilaon,   National   Offica,    1411    Crescent   St.,   Montreal,   P.Q. 
OFFICERS   OF   SECTIONS   OF    CANADIAN    NURSES    ASSOCIATION 

Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing  Section  Councillors:   Alberta:    Miss   A.   Carlson,    112-lOth 

Ave.    N.    W.,    Calgary.    British    Columbia:    Mrs. 

Chairman:   Miss  Miriam   L.   Gibson,   Hospital  for  E.  B.  Thomson,  1095  West  14th  St.,  Vancouver. 

Sick   Children,   Toronto,    Ont.    First   Vice-Chair-  Manitoba:   Miss   E.   Campbell.   778   Ingersoll   St., 

man:    Miss    Eva    McNally,    General    Hospital,  Winnipeg.  New  Brunswick:  Miss  Myrtle  E.  Kay, 

Brandon,  Man.  Second  Vice-Chairman :  Miss  M.  21    Austin   St..   Moncton.     Nova  Scotia:  Miss   M. 

Batson.   Montreal   General  Hospital.   Secretary-  Ripley,    46    Dublin    St.,    Halifax.   Ontario:    Miss 

Treasurer:  Miss  Flora  MacLellan,  Ontario  Hos-  D-  Ogilvie.   34  Gilchrist  Ave.,  Ottawa.       Prince 

pital.   New   Toronto,   Ont.   "  Edward  Island:  Miss  Dorothy  Hennessey,  Char- 
lottetown     Hospital,     Charlottetown.     Quebec: 

Councillors:   Alberta:    Miss   G.   Bamforth,    Royal  Miss  A.  M.  Robert,  5484A  St.  Denis  St.,  Mont- 
Alexandra   Hospital,    Edmonton.   British   Colum-  real.    Saskatchewan:    Miss    M.    R.    Chisholm,    805- 
bia:    Miss  F.    McQuarrle.    Vancouver    General  7th    Ave.    N.,   Saskatoon. 
Hospital.    Manitoba:    Miss   D.    Ditchfield.    Child-  n    li-      tr     f  f.    c 
ren's  Hospital,  Winnipeg.  New  Brunswick:  Miss  tubltc  Health   Section 
Marion    Myers,    Saint   John    General    Hospital.  _,                    »..       t      o      ,            „,,.,    f-             <-.. 
Nova   Scotia:    Sister   Mary   Peter,    St.   Martha's  Chairman:   Miss   L    Creelman,    2570    Spruce    St., 
Hospital,   Antigonish.  Ontario:   Miss   L.   D.   Ac-  X*"P.°"^'®'''  ^-  .  ^-  ,  Xi*^^^<:^^'^*1=     ^"'S    ^• 
ton,  Kingston  General  Hospital.  Prince  Edward  ^*'^'"^a"^  D«P'-   o^    "^^^^^A  Montreal,    P     Q. 
Island:    Miss    Georgie    Brown,    Prince    County  Secretary-Treasurer:    Mre.    G.    Langton,     Uni- 
Hospital.  Summerside.   9uebec:  Miss  Winnifred  versity  of  British  Columbia,  Vancouver,   B.  C. 
MacLean,    Royal    Victoria    Hospital,    Montreal.  Councillors:   Alberta:    Miss   Helen   Garfield.    713- 
Saskatchewan :      Reverend     Sister     Mandin,     St.  3rd  St.  E.,  Calgary.    British   Columbia:    Miss    F. 
Paul's  Hospital,   Saskatoon.  Innes,   1922   Adanac  St.,  Vancouver.  Manitoba: 

Miss    E.    Rowlett.    125    Nassau    St.,    Winnipeg. 

General   Nursing  Section  ^'^  Brunswick:  Miss  A.  Burns,  Health  Centre, 

Saint    John.    Nova    Scotia:    Miss    Jean    Forbes, 

Chairman:  Miss  M.  Baker.  249  Victoria  St.,  Lon-  314  Roy  Bldg.,  Halifax.  Ontario:  Miss  W.  Ash- 
don,  Ont.  First  Vice-Chairman:  Miss  P.  Brown-  plant,  807  Waterloo  St.,  London.  Prince  Ed- 
ell.  212  Balmoral  St.,  Winnipeg,  Man.  Second  ward  Island:  Miss  Margaret  Darling,  Alberton. 
Vice-Chairman:  Miss  M.  McMullen.  St.  Stephen,  Quebec:  Miss  Kathleen  Dickson,  Royal  Edward 
N.B.  Secretary-Treasurer;  Miss  A.  Conroy,  404  Institute,  Montreal.  Saskatchewan:  Miss  Gladys 
Regent  St.,  London,  Ont.  McDonald,   6  Mayfair  Apts.,   Regina. 

f         683 


Provincial  Associations  of  Registered  Nurses 


ALBERTA 

Alberta    Association    of    Registered    NurM* 

Pres.,  Miss  Rae  Chittick,  81 5-1 8th  Ave.  W., 
Calgary;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Catherine  M. 
Clibborn,  University  of  Alberta  Hospital,  Ed- 
monton ;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Sister  M.  Beatrice,  St. 
Michael's  Hospital,  Lethbridge:  Sec-  Treas.  & 
Registrar,  Mrs.  A.  E.  Vango,  St.  Stephen's  Col- 
lege, Edmonton;  Councillors:  Miss  B.  A.  Beattie, 
Provincial  Mental  Hospital,  Ponolca,  Miss  G. 
Bamforth,  Miss  H.  M.  Garfield.  Miss  A.  J.  Carl- 
son ;  Chairmen,  of  Sections :  Hospital  &  School 
of  Nursing  Miss  Gena  Bamforth,  Royal  Alex- 
andra Hospital,  Edmonton ;  Public  Health,  Miss 
Helen  M.  Garfield,  7l3-3rd  St.  E.,  Calgary; 
General  Nursing,  Miss  Annie  J.  Carlson,  112- 
10th  Ave.  N.  W..  Calgary;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian 
Nurse,  Miss  Violet  Chapman,  Royal  Alexandra 
Hospital,   Edmonton. 

Ponoka     District,     No.     2,     Alberta     Association     of 
Registered   Nurses 

Chairman.  Miss  Margaret  McLean;  Vice-Chair- 
man.  Miss  Karen  Westerlund;  Secretary-Treas- 
urer, Miss  Margaret  Tamblyn.  Provincial  Mental 
Hospital,  Ponoka;  Representative  to  The  Cana- 
dian Nurse,   Miss   Nessa    Leckie. 


Calgary    District,    No.    3,    Alberta    Association    of 
Registered    Nurses 

Chairman,  Miss  Kathleen  Connor,  Central 
Alberta  Sanatorium;  Vice-Chairman,  Miss  M. 
Deane-Freeman ;  Secretary,  Miss  M.  Richards, 
Holy  Cross  Hospital,  Calgary;  Treasurer,  Miss 
M.  Watt;  Conveners  of  Sections:  Hospital  & 
School  of  Nursing,  Miss  J.  Connal;  Public 
Health,  Miss  A.  Dick;  General  Nursing,  Miss 
G.    Thorne. 

Medicine    Hat   District,    No.    4,    Alberta    Association 
of    Registered    Nurses 

Pres.,  Miss  C.  E.  Mary  Rowles,  M.H.  General 
Hospital;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Hagerman, 
Y.W.C.A.;  Sec.-Treas.  Miss  M.M.  Webster,  558 
Fourth  St.;  Entertainment  Committee:  Miss 
Green,  Miss  Weeks,  Mrs.  D.  Fawcett ;  Convener 
&  Treas.  of  Social  Service  Dept.,  Mrs.  G.  Crock- 
ford;  Representatives  to:  Red  Cross:  Misses  J. 
Lus,   E.  Sengh;   War  Council,  Miss  L.  Green. 

Edmonton    District,    No.    7,    Alberta    Association    of 
Registered  Nurses 

Chairman,  Miss  I.  Johnson;  First  Vice-Chair- 
man, Mrs.  O.  Porritt;  Sec.  Vice-Chairman,  Rev. 
Sr.  Clotilda;  Sec,  Miss  G.  Bamforth,  Royal 
Alexandra  Hospital.  Edmonton;  Treas.,  Miss  V 
Leadlay;  Committee  Conveners:  Program,  Miss 
H.  McArthur;  Membership,  Miss  Lindsay;  Reps. 
to:  Local  Council  of  Women,  Miss  V.  Chap- 
man ;   The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  G.  Vicars. 

Lethbridge    District,    No.    8,    Alberta    Association    of 
Registered    Nurses 

Chairman,  Miss  Jean  MacKenzle.  1120  Sixth 
Avenue.  South.  Lethbridge;  Vice-Chairman,  Miss 
Ann  Kostuik;  Secretary,  Miss  Marjorie  Bair, 
Gait  Ho.spital.  Lethbrld?e;  Treasurer,  Miss  Ruth 
Hooper. 

BRITISH   COLUMBIA 

Registered    Nurses    Association    of    British    Columbia 

Pres..  Miss  M.  Duffield,  1675-lOth  Ave.  W., 
Vancouver;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  E.  Kerr; 
Sec.    Vice-Pres.,   Miss   G.   M.   Fairley;    Sec,   Miss 


P.  Capelle,  Rm.  715,  Vancouver  Block,  Van- 
couver; Registrar,  Miss  Evelyn  Mallory,  Rm. 
715,  Vancouver  Block,  Vancouver;  Councillors: 
Miss  E.  Clark.  Miss  L.  Creelnian,  Sr.  Colum- 
kille,  Sr.  M.  Gregory,  Miss  F.  H.  Walker;  Con- 
veners of  Sections:  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing, 
Miss  F.  McQuarrie.  Vancouver  General  Hospital; 
Public  Health,  Miss  F.  Innes,  1922  Adanac  St. 
Vancouver;  General  Nursing,  Mrs.  E.  B.  Thom- 
son, 1095  W.  I4.th  Ave.,  Vancouver;  Press,  Mis» 
M.    E.    Macdonell,    257U    Spruce    St.,    Vancouver. 

MANITOBA 

Manitoba  Association  of  Registered  Nurses 
Pres..  Mrs.  A.  C.  McFetridge,  418  Campbell 
St.  Winnipeg;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  E.  McNally, 
Brandon  General  Hospital;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss 
I.  McDiarmid,  363  Langside  St.,  Winnipeg; 
Board  Members:  Miss  L.  Stewart,  168  Chest- 
nut St.  Winnipeg;  Miss  H.  Coram,  172  Chest- 
nut St.  AVinnipeg;  Miss  P.  Hart,  320  Sherbrooke 
St.,  Winnipeg;  Miss  C.  Lynch,  Winnipeg  General 
Hospital;  Miss  L.  Nordquist,  Carman  General 
Hospital;  Miss  A.  McKee,  604  Medical  Arts 
Bldg.,  Winnipeg;  Mrs.  F.  Wagner,  Grace  Hos- 
pital, Winnipeg;  Miss  A.  O'Brien,  Souris  &  Glen- 
wood  Memorial  Hospital;  Rev.  Sister  Clermont, 
St.  Boniface  Hospital;  Conveners  of  Sections: 
Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  D.  Ditchfield, 
Children's  Hospital,  Winnipeg;  Public  Health, 
Miss  E.  Rowlett,  125  Nassau  St.  Winnipeg; 
General  Nursing,  Miss  E.  Cami>bell,  778  Inger- 
soll  St.,  Winnipeg;  Committee  Conveners:  Instruc- 
tors Group,  Miss  A.  Carpenter.  Children's  Hos- 
pital, Winnipeg;  Social,  Mrs.  W.  S.  McElheran, 
969  Dominion  St.,  Winnipeg;  Legislative,  Miss 
E.  Wilson,  608  Bannatyne  Ave.,  Winnipeg; 
Membership,  Miss  D.  Earle,  Victoria  Hospital 
Winnipeg;  F.N.M.  Loan  Fund,  Miss  Z.  Beattie, 
St.  Boniface  Hospital;  Directory,  Miss  Besant, 
Victoria  Hospital,  Winnipeg;  British  Nurses  Re- 
lief Fund,  Mrs.  T.  Hulme,  20  Waldron  Apts. 
Winnipeg;  Visiting,  Mrs.  W.  Hryhorchuk,  Grace 
Hospital,  Winnipeg;  Representatives  to:  Council 
of  Social  Agencies,  Miss  F.  Robertson,  753  Wolse- 
ley  Ave.,  Winnipeg;  Red  Cross,  Miss  C.  Maddin 
187  Kennedy  St.,  Winnipeg;  The  Canadian  Nurse, 
Miss  L.  Stewart,  168  Chestnut  St.,  Winnipeg; 
Local  Council  of  Women,  Mrs.  B.  Moffatt,  1188 
Dorchester  Ave.,  Winnipeg;  Executive  Secretary 
and  School  of  Nursing  Advisor.  Miss  Gertrude 
Hall,    212    Balmoral   St.,    Winnipeg. 

NEW   BRUNSWICK 

New  Brunswick  Association  of  Registered  NurM* 
Pres.,  Sister  Kerr,  Hotel  Dieu  Hospital, 
Campbellton;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  A.  J.  Mae- 
Master;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  L.  Smith;  Hon. 
Sec,  Miss  L.  Bartsch;  Councillors:  Mrs.  G.  E. 
van  Dorsser,  Saint  John:  Miss  D.  Parsons, 
Frederlcton;  Sister  Anne  de  Parede,  Moncton; 
Miss  B.  M.  Hadrill,  Newcastle;  Miss  L.  Bartsch, 
Saint  John ;  Misses  R.  Follis,  M.  McMullen,  St. 
Stephen;  Miss  E.  M.  Tulloch.  Woodstock;  See- 
Treas. -Registrar,  Miss  Alma  Law,  Health  Cen- 
tre, Saint  John;  Conveners  of  Sections:  Hospital 
&  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  M.  Myers;  General 
Nursing,  Miss  M.  Kay;  Public  Health,  Miss  A. 
A.  Burns;  Conveners  of  Committees:  Legislation, 
Miss  B.  L.  Gregory;  Instruction,  Miss  Boyd,  St. 
Stephen;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  H.  Cahlll. 

NOVA   SCOTIA 

Registered  Nurses  Association  of  Nova  Srni'* 
Pres.,  Miss  Marjorie  Jenkins.  Children's  Hos- 
pital, Halifax;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  D.  J.  Gillis, 
Vickers  Lane,  Sydney  Mines;  Sec.  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  Jane  Watkins,  63  Henrj'  St..  Halifax;  Third 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  A.  E.  Richardson,  Blanchard- 
Fraser  Memorial  Hospital,  Kentville;  Rec  Sec, 
Miss  Lillian   Grady,  Halifax  Infirmary,  Halifax; 


1 


684 


OFFICIAL    DIRECTORY 


585 


Registrar  -  Treasurer  -  Corresponding  Secretary, 
Miss  Jean  C.  Dunning.  413  Dennis  Bldg.,  Hali- 
fax; Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Mrs.  Dorothy 
Luscombe,   364  Spring  Garden  Rd.,  Halifax. 

ONTARIO 

Registered    Nurses    Association    of   Ontario 

Pres..  Miss  Mildred  I.  Walker;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  J.  Masten;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  B. 
Anderson;  Sec.-Treas..  Miss  Matilda  E.  Fitz- 
gerald, Rm.  630,  86  Bloor  St.  W.,  Toronto;  Chair- 
men of  Sections:  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing, 
Miss  L.  D.  Acton,  Kingston  General  Hospital; 
General  Nursing,  ^^iss  D.  Ogilvie.  34  Gilchrist 
Ave.,  Ottawa;  Public  Health,  Miss  W.  Ashplant, 
807  Waterloo  St.,  London;  Chairmen  of  Districts: 
Mrs.  C.  Salmon.  Miss  M.  Bliss  Miss  M.  Buchan- 
an, Miss  K.  McNamara,  Miss  I.  Shaw,  Miss  M. 
Crawford,  Miss  M.  Stewart,  Miss  J.  Smith,  Miss 
M.  Buss. 

District    1 

Chairman.  Mrs.  C.  I.  Salmon;  First  Vice- 
Chairman,  Major  D.  Barr;  Sec.-Treas.,  Miss 
A.  Kennv.  Aberdeen  Hotel.  Chatham;  Coun- 
cillors: Misses  Stewart,  Wightman,  Rathwell, 
Shaw,  Perrin,  Gray,  Mrs.  Wilson;  Conveners: 
Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  P.  Camp- 
bell; Gpneral  Nursing,  Miss  H.  O'Mahoney; 
Public  Health,  Miss  M.  Armstrong;  Enrolment, 
Miss  D.  Birrell. 

Districts   2   and   3 

Chairman.  Miss  M.  F.  Bliss:  First  Vice-Chalr- 
man,  Mrs.  K.  Cowie;  Sec.-Treas.,  Miss  H.  D. 
Muir,  Brantford  General  Hospital;  Councillors: 
Misses  E.  Eby,  F.  McKenzie.  C.  Attwood,  M. 
Grieve,  L.  Trusdale,  G.  Westbrook;  Section  Con- 
veners: General  Nursing,  Miss  E.  Clark;  Hos- 
pital &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  J.  Watson; 
Public  Health,  Miss  M.   Hackett. 

District   4 

Chairman,  Miss  M.  Buchanan;  First  Vice- 
Chairman,  Miss  E.  Ewart;  Sec.  Vice-Chairman, 
Miss  A.  Scheifele;  Sec.-Treas.,  Miss  G.  Coul- 
thart.  192  Wellington  St.  N.,  Hamilton;  Coun- 
cillors: Sister  ^farv  Grace,  Misses  Brewster, 
Cameron.  Wright.  Mrs.  Day,  N/S  Boyd;  Con- 
veners: Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Sr.  Eileen; 
Public  Health.  Miss  H.  Snedden ;  General  Nurs- 
ing Miss  S.  Murray;  Emergency  Nursing,  Mrs. 
A.  Haygarth. 

District   5 

Chairman.  Miss  K.  McNamara;  First  Vice- 
Chairman.  Miss  P.  Morrison ;  Sec.-Treas.,  Mrs.  G. 
L.  Williamson  24  Drake  Cres.,  Scarboro  Bluffs; 
Councillors:  Misses  I.  Weirs,  G.  Jones,  J.  Mit- 
chell, E.  Grant,  R.  Russell,  A.  Reddon ;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  General  Nursing,  Miss  M. 
Hughes;  Public  Health,  Miss  L.  Pettigrew;  Hos- 
pital &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  B.  MacPhedran. 

District    6 

Chairman,  Miss  I.  Shaw;  First  Vice-Chairman, 
Miss  M.  McKenzie;  Sec.  Viee-Chairman,  Miss  E. 
Covert:  Third  Vice-Chairman.  Miss  E.  Wright; 
Sec.-Treas..  Miss  V.  Taylor,  General  Hospital.  Co- 
bourg:  Conveners:  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing, 
Miss  E.  Youns;  General  Nursing,  Mrs.  E.  Brack- 
enrir'ge;  Public  Health,  Miss  H.  McGearj':  Mem- 
bership, Miss  N.  Brown ;  Enrolment,  Miss  E. 
Meeks;    Finance,  Mi.ss   F.   Fitzgerald. 

District    7 

Chairman.  Miss  M.  Crawford;  Vice-Chairman, 
Miss  E.  Ardill;  Sec.-Treas.,  Miss  E.  Sharp,  King- 
ston General  Hospital;  Councillors:  Misses  E. 
Freeman,  V.  Manders,  Hanna,  E.  Moffatt,  Ga- 
van.   Rev.    Sr.    Donovan;    Conveners:   Hospital   & 


School  of  Nursing,  Miss  L.  Acton;  General 
Nursing,  Miss  E.  MacLean;  Public  Health,  Miss 
D.  Storms;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss 
B.   Coulter. 

District   8 

Chairman,  Miss  M.  Stewart;  First  Vice-Chair- 
man, Rev.  Sr.  M.  Evangeline;  Sec.  Vice-Chair- 
man, Miss  P.  Walker;  Sec.-Treas..  Miss  J.  Stock, 
390  Chapel  St.,  Ottawa;  Councillors:  Misses  I, 
Allen,  L.  Brule.  W.  Cooke.  V.  Foran,  M.  Lowry, 
H.  O'Meara;  Conveners:  Hospital  &  School  of 
Nursing,  Rev.  Sr.  St.  Godfrey;  Public  Health, 
Miss  C.  Livingston ;  General  Nursing,  Miss  F. 
Nevins;  Pembroke  Chapter,  Mrs.  B.  Kipke;  Corn- 
wall Chapter,  Miss  M.  McWhinnie;  Rep.  to  The 
Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  H.  Tanner. 

District    9 

Chairman.  Miss  J.  Smith.  Gravenhurst;  First 
Vice-Chairman.  Miss  K.  MacKenzie,  North  Bay; 
Sec.  Vice-Chairman,  Miss  A.  McGregor.  Sault 
Ste.  Marie;  Sec,  Miss  F.  Ged  lis.  Plummer 
Memorial  Hospital.  Sault  Ste.  Marie;  Treas., 
Miss  R.  Buchanan,  Sanitarium  P.  0.;  Conveners: 
Public  Health,  Miss  H.  E.  Smith,  New  Liskeard; 
Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  A.  Riordan, 
Sudbury;  General  Nursing,  Mrs.  E.  Sheridan, 
Sudbury;  The  Canadian  Nurse.  Sr.  Teresa  of 
the   Sacred    Heart,   Sault   Ste.   Marie. 

District    1 0 

Chairman,  Miss  M.  Buss,  The  Sanatorium,  Fort 
William:  Vice-Chairman,  Miss  B.  Roberts:  Sec.- 
Treas.,  Miss  D.  Chedister.  General  Hospital,  Port 
Arthur;  Councillor,  Miss  A.  Baillie;  Committee 
Conveners:  Hospital  &  School  of  Nuising.  Miss 
M.  Flanagan :  Public  Health,  Miss  E.  Newson ; 
General  Nursing,  Miss  I  Morrison ;  Program  Com- 
mittee:   Misses    V.    Lovelace,    H.    MacNaughton. 

PRINCE    EDWARD    ISLAND 

Prince  Edward  Island  Registered  Nurses 
Association 
Pres.,  Miss  Katharine  MacLennan,  Provincial 
Sanatorium,  Charlottctown ;  Vice-Pres..  Miss  Ma- 
ry Devereaux.  New  Haven;  Sec  Miss  Anna 
Mair,  P.E.I.  Hospital,  Charlottetown ;  Treas.  & 
Registrar.  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Magdalen,  Charlottetown 
Hospital;  Chairmen  of  Sections:  Hospital  & 
School  of  Nursing,  Miss  Georgie  Brown.  Prince 
Co.  Hospital,  Summerside:  General  Nursing.  Miss 
Dorothy  Hennessey,  Charlottetown  Hospital. 
Charlottetown :  Public  Health,  Miss  Margaret 
Darling,    Alberton. 

QUEBEC 

Association    of    Registered    Nurses    of    the    Province 
of     Quebec     (Incorporated,     1920) 

President.  Miss  Eileen  C.  Flanagan :  Vice- 
President  (English),  Miss  Mabel  K.  Holt;  Vice- 
President  (French).  Rev.  Soeur  Valerie  de  la 
Sagesse;  Honourary  Secretary,  Mile  Alice  Al- 
bert; Honourary  Treasurer,  Miss  Fanny  Munroe; 
Members  without  Office:  Misses  Marion  Nash, 
Mary  Ritchie.  Miles  Maria  Roy,  Maria  Beaumier, 
Annonciade  Martineau:  Advisory  Board:  Misses 
Jean  Wilson.  Marion  Lindeburgh.  Catherine  M. 
Ferguson,  Esther  M.  Beith.  Rev.  Soeur  Marie  de 
I'Eucharistie  (Quebec),  Miles  Edna  Lynch.  Ju- 
liette Trudel;  Conveners  of  Sections:  General 
Nursing  (French),  Mile  Anne-Marie  Robert, 
5484A  St.  Denis  St.,  Montreal;  Hospital  &  School 
of  Nursing  (English).  Miss  Winnifred  MacLean, 
Royal  Victoria  Hospital,  Montreal;  Hospital  & 
School  of  Nursim/  (French),  Rev.  Soeur  Decary, 
Hopital  Notre-Dame.  Montreal;  Public  Health 
(English),  Miss  Kathleen  Dickson,  Royal  Edward 
Institute,  Montreal;  Public  Health  (French), 
Mile  Marie  Euphemie  Cantin,  4642  St.  Denis  St. 
Montreal;  Board  of  Examiners:  Miss  Mary  Ma- 
thewson  (convener),  Misses  Norena  S.  Mackenzie, 
Madeleine  Flander,  Miles  Alexina  Marchessault, 
Anysie  Deland,  Rev.  Soeur  Marie  Claire  Rheault; 


586 


THE   CANADIAN    NURSE 


Executive  Secretary.  Registrar  &  Official  School 
Visitor,  Miss  E.  Frances  Upton,  Ste.  1019,  Med- 
ical Arts  Bldg.,  Montreal. 

SASKATCHEWAN 

Saskatchewan  Registered  Nurses  Association 
(Incorporated  1917) 
Pres.,  Miss  M.  R.  Diedericlis,  Regina  Grey  Nuns' 
Hospital;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  E.  Ingham, 
Moose  Jaw  General  Hospital ;  Sec.  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  E.  R.  Pearston,  Melfort;  Councillors: 
Miss  M.  E.  Grant,  922-9th  Ave.  N.,  Saskatoon; 
Rev.  Sister  Hildegarde,  St.  Elizabeth's  Hospital, 
Humboldt:  Chairmen  of  Sections:  General 
yursing,  Miss  M.  R.  Chisholm,  805-7th  Ave.  N., 
Saskatoon:  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Rev. 
Sister  Mandin.  St.  Paul's  Hospital,  Saskatoon; 
Public  Health,  Miss  Gladys  McDonald,  6  Mayfair 


Apts.,  Regina;  Secretary-Treasurer,  Registrar 
and  Advisor.  Schools  for  Nurses,  Miss  K.  W. 
Ellis,    University   of   Saskatchewan,   Saskatoon. 

Regina    Registered    Nurses    Association 

Hon.  Pres.  Sister  Tougas;  Pres.,  Miss  M. 
McRae;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  D.  Lewis;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.  Mrs.  Storey;  Sec,  Mrs.  M.  Stocker, 
22  Qu'Appelle  Apts.;  Ass. -Sec,  Miss  V.  Kiesel; 
Treas.  &  Registrar.  Mrs.  H.  Regan;  Conveners: 
Registry,  Miss  Grad;  Program:  Misses  Sharp» 
Blackwood ;  Membership :  Miss  McLaughlin,  Mrs. 
Racette;  Social.  Misses  Wilkins,  Brown;  General 
Nursing,  Miss  Sissons ; Hosj;f(a/ &  School  of  Nur- 
sing, Miss  Thompson ;  Public  Health  Miss  Riley; 
Finance,  Mrs.  Deverell;  War  Services,  Miss  Spel- 
liscy;  Sick  Nurses,  Misses  Tumbull,  Martin;  The 
Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Winning. 


Alumnae  Associations 


ALBERTA 

A. A.,    Calgary    General    Hospital,    Calgary 

Hon.  Pres.,  Misses  S.  Maddonald.  A.  Hebert; 
Hon.  Members:  Misses  M.  Moodie,  J.  Murphy,  A. 
Casey;  Pres.  Mrs.  A.  Warrington;  First  Vice- 
Pres..  Mrs.  G.  McPherson;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs. 
T.  Ellis;  Rec  Sec,  Mrs.  J.  Mclntyre;  Corr. 
Sec,  Miss  J.  Gumming,  238  Crescent  Rd.;  Treas., 
Mrs.  B.  Charles;  Membership,  Mrs.  A.  Wilson; 
Press,  Miss  C.   Rose. 

A.A.,    Holy    Cross    Hospital,    Calgary 

President,  Mrs.  Cyril  HoUoway;  First  Vice- 
President,  Mrs.  D.  Overand;  Second  Vice-Presi- 
dent. Miss  L.  Aiken;  Recording  Secretary,  Mrs. 
B.  McAdam;  Corresponding  Secretary.  Mrs.  J. 
E.  Hood,  211  Anderson  Apts.;  Treasurer.  Mrs. 
E.   Bragg. 

A.A.,  Edmonton  General  Hospital,  Edmonton 

Hon.  Pres..  Sr.  M.  O'Grady,  Sr.  F.  Neuhausel; 
Pres.,  Miss  E.  Bietsch;  First  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  R. 
Price;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  J.  Slavik,  E.G.H.;  Rec. 
Sec,  Miss  A.  Strochinski ;  Treas.,  Miss  E. 
Wallsmith;  Private  Duty,  Miss  M.  Hozak;  Visit- 
ing Committee:  Misses  Nelson,  Deschatelets ; 
Standing  Committee:  Misses  Kuntz,  Beaton, 
Barden,   Ryan,   Mrs.   Lowing. 

A. A.,    Royal   Alexandra    Hospital,   Edmonton 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  M.  Fraser;  Pres.,  Miss 
Einarson;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  I.  Johnson; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  R.  Boyd;  Rec.  Sec,  Mrs. 
M.  Hall;  Corr.  Sec,  Mrs.  W.  White,  R.A.H.: 
Treas.,  Miss  F.  Toby;  Committee  Conveners: 
Program,  Mrs.  J.  White;  Visiting,  Miss  T. 
Holm;  Social,  Miss  K.  Dunlop;  News  Letter, 
Miss  A.  Piercy;  Benefit,  Miss  I.  Johnson; 
Scholarship,  Miss  G.  Allyn;  Executive:  Miss  A. 
Anderson,  Mmes  J.   F.  Thompson,  P.  Baker. 

A.A.,    University    of    Alberta    Hospital,     Edmonton 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  Helen  S.  Peters;  Pres.,  Miss 
G.  Vickers:  Vice-Pres..  Miss  A.  Whybrow;  Rec. 
Sec.  Miss  D.  Russell;  Com  Sec.  Mrs.  N.  Alexan- 
der. Il045-82nd  Ave.;  Treas.  Miss  M.  Baxter; 
Social  Convener.  Mrs.  F.  Beddome;  Rep.  to  Press, 
Mrs.  N.  Pouit.i ;  Executive  Committee:  Misses  M. 
Strachan.    A.    Revell.    B.    Sloane. 

A. A.,   Lamont   Public   Hospital,   Lamont 

Honourary  President.  Miss  F.  E.  Welsh.  Gode- 
rich.  Ont. :  President.  Mrs.  R.  H.  Shears;  First 
Vice-President.  Mrs.  G.  Archer;  Second  Vice- 
President,    Mrs.     G.     Harrolld ;     Secretary-Treas- 


urer. Mrs.  B.  I.  Love,  Elk  Island  National  Park, 
Lamont;  Neus  Editor,  Mrs.  Peterson,  Hardisty; 
Convener,  Social  Committee,  Miss   Ada   Sandell. 

A.A.,     Vegreville     General     Hospital,     VegrevilU 

Hon.  President.  Sister  Anna  Keohane;  Hon> 
Vice-President.  Sister  J.  Boisseau;  President, 
Mrs.  Stanley  Walker,  Vegreville;  Vice-President, 
Mrs.  Rennie  Landr>',  Vegreville;  Secretary- 
Treasurer.  Miss  Annie  Askin,  Box  213,  Vegre- 
ville;   Visiting   Committee    (chosen    monthly). 


BRITISH  COLUMBIA 

A. A.,    St.    Paul's    Hospital,    Vancouver 

Hon.  Pres..  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Phillipe;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Columbkille;  Pres.,  Miss  J. 
Mitchell;  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  F.  Engby;  Sec,  Miss 
B.  Falk,  3776-33  Ave.  W;  Treas..  Miss  E.  Atter- 
bine;  Registrar,  Miss  Stewart;  Committee  Con- 
veners:  Social,  Miss  Walters;  Program,  Miss  M. 
Bell:  Visiting,  Miss  McCauley;  Mutual  Benefit, 
Miss  McGee ;  Press,  Miss  N.  Johnson ;  Rep.  to 
The   Canadian   Nurse,  Miss   C.  Bryant. 

A. A..    Vancouver  General    Hospital,   Vancouver 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  G.  Fairley;  Pres.,  Miss  F. 
Innes:  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  L.  Creelman;  Sec 
V^ice-Pres.,  Mrs.  A.  Grundy;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  N. 
Cunningham:  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  L.  Lore,  1589  E. 
Broadway:  Treas.,  Mrs.  F.  L.  Faulkner;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  Mutual  Benefit,  Miss  M.  Ed- 
wards; Visiting,  Mrs.  M.  Appleby;  Social,  Mrs. 
G.  E.  Gillies:  Membership,  Miss  W.  Neen;  Re- 
freshment, Miss  S.  McDiarmid;  Program,  Mrs. 
R.  Stevens;   Rep.  to  Press,  Miss  M.  Mcdonnell. 

A. A.,    Royal    Jubilee    Hospital,    Victoria 

President,  Mrs.  D.  J.  Hunter;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Mrs.  D.  MacLouri;  Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  R.  Kirk- 
endale:  Sec.  Mrs.  J.  -A.  McCague,  3106  Glas- 
gow Ave.,:  Assist.  Sec.  Miss  M.  Bawden;  Treas. 
.Mrs.  Jack  Boorman.  2957  Foul  Bay  Rd. ;  Com' 
mittee  Conveners:  Visiting.  Mrs.  F.  Hall;  Mem- 
bership, Mrs.  J.  Boorman ;  Rep.  to  Pre.^s,  Miss 
D.  Van. 

A. A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    Victoria 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sr.  M.  Kathleen;  Hon.  Vice-Pres.. 
Sr.  M.  Gregory;  Pres.,  Mrs.  G.  Rose;  Vice- 
Pres..  Mrs.  J.  Grant;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  J. 
Welch;  Rec.  Sec.  Mrs.  J.  Stokes;  Corr.  Sec, 
Miss  G.  Wahl.  St.  Joseph's  Hospital;  Treas.. 
Miss  M.  Murphy;  Press,  Miss  J.  Cooney;  Coiwi- 
cillors:  Mmes  Ridewood,  Bryant.  Sinclair,  Lewis; 
Vital   Statistics.    Miss    Cruickshaiik. 


OFFICIAL    DIRECTORY 


587 


MANITOBA 


A.A.,   St.   Boniface   Hospital,   St.    Boniface 

Hon.  Pres..  Rev.  Sr.  Superior;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Mrs.  W.  Crosby;  Pres.,  Mrs.  W.  McEl- 
heran;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  S.  Wright;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Xfiss  W.  Grice;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  H. 
Fairbaim;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  D.  Webster,  18 1 
River  Ave.,  Winnipeg;  Treas..  Miss  H.  Oliver; 
Archivist,  Miss  Margason ;  Advisory  Committee: 
Miss  MacCallum,  Mmes  McElheran.  Greville. 
Groelle,  L'Eucyer.  Rev.  Sr.  Superior;  Conveners: 
Visiting,  Miss  Johnson ;  Social  &  Program,  Miss 
Rungay;  Membership,  Miss  Vandecar;  Reps,  to 
The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Watson;  M.A.R.N., 
Miss  Troendle;  Man.  Directory,  Mrs.  Shinmow- 
ski;    Local  Council  of   Women,   Mrs.   Shankman. 


A. A.,    Children's     Hospital,    Winnipeg 

Pres.,  Mrs.  W.  Stewart;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss 
M.  Perley;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  E.  Hyndman;  Corr. 
Sec.  Miss  E.  Y'oung,  91  Home  St.;  Treas.,  Miss 
B.  Thain,  21  Stratford  Hall;  Conveners:  Program, 
Miss  M.  Smith;  Ways  &  Means.  Mrs.  H.  Moore; 
Visiting  &  Red  Cross,  Mrs.  Campbell;  Member- 
ship, Miss  R.  Hutton;  News  Editor.  Mrs.  G.  Jack. 


A. A.,    Winnipeg    General    Hospital,    Winnipeg 

Hon.  Pres.,  Mrs.  A.  W.  Moody;  Pres.,  Miss 
C.  Lethbridge;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  K.  Mc- 
Learn;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.  Miss  E.  Wilson;  Third 
Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  S.  Ward;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  J. 
Smith;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  A.  Robertson,  112 
Royal  St.;  Treas..  Miss  F.  Stratton ;  Committee 
Conveners:  Program,  Mrs.  C.  Kershaw;  Member- 
ship, Miss  A.  Porter;  Visiting,  Miss  G.  Mc- 
Keevor;  Journal,  Mrs.  S.  G.  Horner;  Archivist, 
Miss  M.  Stewart:  Jubilee,  Miss  P.  Bonnar;  Reps. 
to:  School  of  Nursing  Committee,  Miss  G.  Hall; 
The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  H.  Smith ;  Doctors  & 
Nurses  Directory.  Miss  A.  Howard;  Local  Council 
of  Women;  Mmes  Thomas.  Randall;  Council  of 
Social  Agencies,  Mrs.   A.   Speirs. 


NEW  BRUNSWICK 


A. A.,  Saint  John  General   Hospital,   Saint  John 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  J.  Mitchell;  Pres.,  Miss 
G.  Brown:  First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  H.  L.  Ellis; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  S.  Hartley;  Sec.  Miss  F. 
Congdon.  S.J.G.H. :  Treas..  Miss  H.  Tracy, 
S.J.G.H. :  Assist.  Treas.,  Miss  R.  Wilson;  Ehce- 
cutive :  Misses  M.  Murdoch.  P.  White,  B.  Bain, 
Mrs.  J.  Wilson. 


A. A.,    Halifax    Infirmary,    Halifax 


Pres..  Miss  Dorothy  Turner;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss 
Rita  Maclnnes;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss  Elisabeth  Mac- 
Dougall;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  Loretta  Pertus,  111V4 
-Morris  St.;  Treas..  Miss  Gertrude  Shortall; 
Committee  Conveners:  Visiting,  Miss  Eisen- 
hauer:  Entertainment,  Miss  Mary  Ready;  Press, 
Miss  Margaret  Grant;  Librarian,  Miss  Shofer; 
Nominating,  Mrs.   Power. 


A. A.,     Victoria     General     Hospital,     Halifax 

Pres..  Miss  Agnes  Cox.  Tuberculosis  Hospi- 
Ul;  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  E.  MacQuade;  Sec,  Miss 
Grace  Porter,  267  South  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  Helen 
Joncas,  Victoria  General  Hospital;  Committee 
Conveners:  Entertainment,  Misses  M.  Ripley,  A. 
Power;  Refreshments,  Mrs.  Cullen,  Miss  Ger- 
raise;  Visiting,  Misses  G.  Byers.  H.  Watson; 
Private    Duty,    Miss    Isobel    Macintosh. 


ONTARIO 


A. A..     Belleville     General     Hospital,     BellevilU 

Pres.,  Miss  D.  Williams;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss 
N.  DiCola;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Peacock; 
Sec.  Miss  Edna  Sullivan,  General  Hospital; 
Treas,.  Miss  M.  Leurj";  Registrar.  Miss  M.  Dun- 
can: Committee  Conveners:  Flowers,  Miss  D 
Hogle:  Social,  Miss  D.  Warren:  Program,  Miss 
.\I.  Fitzeerald:  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse  & 
Press.    Miss    M.    Phimton. 


A. A..      Brantford      General      Hospital,      Brancford 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  M.  McKee :  Pres..  Mrs.  G. 
A.  Grienson ;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  H.  Cuff;  Sec. 
Miss  I.  Feely,  B.G.H.;  Treas.,  Miss  L.  Burtch; 
Committee  Conveners:  Social:  Mmes  G.  Thomp- 
son. L.  Sturgeon:  Flower:  Misses  N.  Yardley,  R. 
Moffat;  Gift:  Misses  K.  Charnley.  V.  Buckwell; 
Reps,  to:  General  Nursing  Section,  Miss  D. 
Rashleigh;  Red  Cross.  Miss  O.  Gowman;  Local 
Council  of  Women:  Mmes  G.  Barl)er,  R.  Smith, 
Miss  P.  Cole;  The  Canadian  Nurse  &  Press,  Miss 
M.    Copeland. 

A. A.,    Brockville    General    Hospital,    Brockvillc 

Hon.  Presidents,  Misses  A.  Shannette,  E. 
Moffatt;  Pres..  Mrs.  M.  White;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Mrs.  W.  Cooke;  Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  L.  Merkley; 
Sec,  Miss  H.  Corbett.  127  Pearl  St.  E.:  Asa. 
Sec,  Mrs.  E.  Finlay;  Treas.,  Mrs.  H.  Van  Dusen; 
Committee  Conveners:  Social,  Mrs.  H.  Green: 
Flower,  Miss  Kendrick;  Program,  Mrs.  Derry; 
Rep.   to   The   Canadian   Nurse,   Miss  Corbett. 


A. A.,    L.    P.    Fisher    Memorial    Hospital.    Woodstock 

President.  Mrs.  Hebec  Inghram ;  Vice-Presi- 
dent. Mrs.  Wendall  Slipp,  Chapel  Street;  Se- 
<;retar>'.  Mrs.  Arthur  Peabody;  Treasurer,  Miss 
N'ellie  Wallace:  Executive  Committee:  Miss  Mar- 
garet Parker.  Miss  Evelyn  Briggs.  Miss  Mabel 
Howe. 


NOVA    SCOTIA 


A. A..  Public  General  Hospital,  Chatham 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  P.  Campbell;  Pres..  Miss  L. 
Hastings;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  F.  Armstrong; 
Rec.  Sec.  Miss  V.  Games;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  M. 
Gilbert.  104  Harvey  St.:  Treas..  .Miss  J.  Rickard; 
Committees:  Flowers:  Miss  Malott;  Social:  Miss 
Purcell.  Mrs.  Goldrick:  Refreshments:  Mrs. 
Bourne.  Miss  Houston:  Councillors:  Misses  Head. 
Dyer.  Baird.  McN'aughton :  Reps,  to  Press:  Miss 
Patterson:   The  Canadian  Nurse:  Miss  L.  Smyth. 


A.A.,    Glace     Bay    General     Hospital.    Glace     Bay 

Pres.,  Mrs.  F.  MacKinnion;  First  VIce-Prea.. 
Mrs.  W.  MacPherson :  Sec  Vice-Pres..  Mrs. 
H.  Spencer;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss  B.  MacKenzie:  Corr. 
Sec,  Miss  F.  Anderson,  General  Hospital; 
Treas..  Miss  W.  MacLeod;  Committee  Conveners: 
Executive,  Miss  C.  Roney;  Vi*iting.  Mrs.  G. 
Turner;    Finance.    Misa    A.    Beaton. 


A. A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    Chatham 

Hon.  Pres..  Mother  M.  Pascal:  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Sister  M.  St.  Anthony;  President.  Miss 
Hazel  Gray:  First  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  A.  E.  Ro- 
berts: Sec  Vice-Pres..  Miss  May  Boyle;  Secre- 
tar>'-Treasurer.  Miss  Mary-Clare  Zink,  +  Robert- 
son Ave.:  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  Anne  Kenny;  Repre- 
sentative to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Ursula 
O'Neill. 


588 


THE   CANADIAN    NURSE 


A.A.,    Cornwall    General    Hospital,   Cornwall 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  H.  C.  Wilson;  Pres.,  Mrs.  M. 
Quail;  First  Vice  Pres.,  Mrs.  F.  Gunther;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  E.  Wagoner;  Sec.-Treas.,  Miss 
E.  Allen,  4-3rd  St.  E. ;  Committee  Conveners: 
Program  &  Social  Finance:  Misses  Summers 
Sharpe;  Flower.  Miss  E.  Mclntyre;  Membership, 
Miss  G.  Rowe ;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss 
J.    McBain. 

A.A.,    Gait    Hospiul,    Gait 

President.  Mrs.  E.  D.  Scott;  Vice-President, 
Miss  Hazel  Blagden;  Secretary.  Mrs.  A.  Bond, 
General  Hospital;  Treasurer,  Mrs.  W.  Bell;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  Social,  Miss  Claire  Murphy; 
Flower,  Miss  L.  MacNair;  Press,  Mrs.  J.  M. 
Byrne. 

A.A.,   Guelph   General   Hospital,   Guelph 

Honourary  President,  Miss  S.  A.  Campbell; 
Presiden-t.  Miss  L.  Ferguson;  First  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Mrs.  F.  C.  McLeod;  Secretary,  Miss  Mary 
R.  Upward,  General  Hospital;  Treasurer,  Miss 
A.    Armstrong. 

A. A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    Guelph 

Hon.  Pres..  Sr.  M.  Augustine;  Hon.  Vice-Pres., 
Sr.  M.  Dominica;  Pres.,  Miss  Doris  Milton;  Vice- 
Pres..  Miss  Eva  Murphy;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss  Hen- 
rietta McGillivary;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  Mary  Heffer- 
nan.  121  Duflin  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  Hazel  Harding; 
Social  Convener,  Miss  Marian  Meagher;  Rep. 
to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  M.  Heffernan. 

A. A.,  Hamilton  General  Hospital,  Hamilton 

Hon.  PresitJent,  Miss  C.  E.  Brewster;  Presi- 
dent, Miss  M.  O.  Watson;  First  Vice-President, 
Miss  M.  Watt;  Second  Vice-President,  Miss  N. 
Coles;  Recording  Secretary,  Mrs.  H.  Roy;  Cor- 
responding Secretary,  Miss  E.  Ferguson,  Ha- 
milton General  Hospital;  Treasurer,  Mrs.  W. 
N.  Paterson.  114  Traymore  St.;  Secretary -Treas- 
urer, Mutual  Benefit  Association,  Miss  H.  Sa- 
bine, 132  Ontario  Ave.;  Committee  Conveners: 
Executive,  Miss  E.  Bingeman ;  Social,  Miss  H.  G. 
McCulloch;  Flowers,  Miss  G.  Servos;  Budget, 
Mrs.   H.   Roy. 

A. A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    Hamilton 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sr.  M.  Alphonsa;  Hon.  Vice-Pres. 
Sr.  M.  Grace ;  Pres.,  Miss  Iva  Loyst ;  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  G.  Neal;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  F.  Nicholson; 
Corr.  Sec,  Miss  E.  Moran,  95  Victoria  Ave.  S. ; 
Treas.,  Miss  L.  Curry:  Representatives  to:  R.N.- 
A.O.,  Miss  A.  Williams,  515  Dundurn  St.  S.; 
The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Leona  Johnson, 
S.J.H. 

A. A.,   Hotel-Dieu,   Kingston 

Hon.  Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  Rouble;  Hon.  Vice-Pres., 
Mrs.  Elder;  Pres.,  Mrs.  J.  Hickey;  First  Vice- 
Pres..  Mrs.  I.  Fallon ;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.  Mrs.  C. 
Keller;  Sec,  Miss  M.  Flood  380  Brock  St.;  Treas., 
Mrs.  M.  Heagle ;  Committees:  Executive:  Mmes 
Lawler,  Ahern,  Carey,  Miss  McGarry;  Visiting: 
Misses  Murray,  Oswald;  Social:  Misses  Cotty, 
Collins;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse  Miss  M. 
Catlin. 

A.A.,   Kingston    General     Hospital,    Kingston 

Hon.  President.  Miss  L.  D.  Acton ;  President 
Mrs.  F.  W.  Atack,  Centre  St.;  First  Vice-Presl 
dent,  Mrs.  Graham  Campbell;  Sec.  Vice-President, 
Miss  E.  Freeman ;  Secretary,  Mrs.  Chas.  Ryder 
811  Johnson  St.;  Treasurer,  Mrs.  C.  W.  Mallory 
176  Alfred  St.;  Assist.  Treas..  Miss  P.  Timmer 
man:   Press  Representative,  Miss   Mae   Porter. 


A. A.,    Kitchener    and    Waterloo    General    Hospital, 
Kitchener 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  K.  W.  Scott;  Pres.,  Mrs.  H. 
Christner;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  G.  Cornwall; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  E.  Carey;  Sec.  Miss  0. 
Daitz,  K.  &  W.  Hospital;  Treas.,  Miss  E.  Jant- 
zen ;  Committee  Conveners:  Program,  Miss  M. 
McManus;  Lunch,  Mrs.  R.  Hodd;  Flowers:  Misses 
M.  McManus,  M.  McLean;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian 
Nurse,  Miss  A.  Leslie. 


A. A.,    St.    Mary's    Hospital,    Kitchener 

Hon.  Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Gerard;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Geraldine;  Pres..  Miss  Millie 
A.  G.  Brand;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Jean  Pickard; 
Rec  Sec,  Miss  Melva  Lapsley;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss 
Marie  A.  Lorentz,  92  Victoria  St.  S.,  Waterloo; 
Treas.,   Miss   Beatrice   Hertel. 

A. A.,    Ross    Memorial    Hospital,    Lindsay 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  S.  Reid;  Pres.,  Miss  C. 
Fallls;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  G.  Lehigh;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres..  Miss  D.  Wilson;  Sec,  Miss  H.  Hop- 
kins R.M.H.;  Treas.,  Miss  A.  Hebber;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  Program,  Miss  V.  Pickins; 
Refreshments,  Miss  D.  Currins;  Flower,  Mrs. 
M.  I.  Thurston ;  Red  Cross  Supply,  Miss  A. 
Flett;  Rep.  to  Press,  Miss  G.  McMillan. 


A.A.,  Ontario  Hospital,  London 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  F.  M.  Thomas;  Pres.,  Mrs.  F. 
Cline;  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  K.  Schlimme,  Miss  N. 
Stewart;  Sec,  Mrs.  M.  Millen,  398  Spruce  St.; 
Ass.  Sec,  Mrs.  E.  Stutt;  Treas.,  Miss  N.  Wil- 
liams; Committee  Conveners:  Flower,  Mrs.  E. 
Grosvener;  Social,  Misses  L.  Steele,  V.  Johnson; 
Social  Service,  Miss  F.  Stevenson ;  Parcels  for 
Armed  Forres,  Miss  N.  Williams;  Publications, 
Mrs.  P.  Robb. 


A. A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    London 

Hon.  Pres.,  Mother  M.  Theodore;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Sister  M.  Ruth;  Pres.,  Miss  I.  Griffin; 
First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Russell:  Sec.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Miss  A.  Kelly;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  M.  Best. 
579  Waterloo  St.;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  B.  Crawford; 
Treas.,  Miss  A.  Schweitzer;  Committee  Con- 
veners: Social:  Misses  M.  Ings.  M.  Kelly;  Fi- 
nance: Misses  M.  Etue,  0.  O'Neil;  Reps,  to  Re- 
gistry: Misses  M.  Baker,  E.  Beger;  Press,  Miss 
M.   Regan. 


A. A.,  Victoria  Hospital,  London 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  H.  M.  Stuart;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Mrs.  A.  E.  Silverwood;  Pres..  Miss  G. 
Erskine;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Stevenson; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  A.  Mallock;  Rec.  Sec, 
Miss  A.  Versteeg;  Corr.  Sec,  Mrs.  M.  Ripley, 
422  Central  Ave.;  Treas.,  Miss  E.  O'Rourke,  188 
Colbourne  St.;  Publications:  Misses  L.  MacGu- 
gan,   E.  Stephens. 


A. A.,  Niagara  Falls  General  Hospital,  Niagara  Falls 


Hon.  Pres..  Miss  M.  Parks;  Pres..  Mrs.  D. 
Mylchreest:  Hon.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  M.  Buchanan; 
First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  R.  Livingstone:  Sec.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Miss  D.  Scott;  Sec,  Mrs.  E.,  Robins,  2432 
Ker  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  M.  Cooley,  730-4th  Ave.; 
Committees:  Visiting.  Miss  R.  Wilkinson;  Edu- 
cational, Miss  J.  McNally;  Membership,  Miss  V. 
Wiglev:  Reps,  to:  The  Canadian  Nurse  & 
R.N.A.O.,  Miss  L  Hammond;  Press,  Mrs.  Ef- 
ferick. 


OFFICIAL    DIRECTORY 


589 


K.A.,    Orillia    Soldiers'    Memorial    Hospital,    Orillia 

Honourary  Presidents,  Miss  E.  Johnston,  Miss 
O.  Waterman;  President.  Mrs.  H.  Hannaford: 
Vice-Presidents,  Miss  C.  Buie.  Miss  M.  MacLel- 
tand;  Treasurer.  Miss  L.  V.  MacKenzie,  21  Wil- 
liam St.;  Secretary,  Miss  Muriel  Givens.  23  Albert 
St.;  Directors:  Misses  S.  Dudenhoffer,  B.  McFad- 
den,  G.  Adams;  Auditort:  Miss  F.  Rol)ertson. 
Mrs.   H.  Burnet. 


A. A.,  Oshawa  General  Hospital,  Oshawa 

Hon.  Presidents.  Misses  E.  MacWilliams,  B. 
Bell,  E.  Stuart;  Pres..  Miss  M.  Green;  First 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  P.  Richardson ;  Sec.  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  M.  Gibson;  Sec.  Miss  M.  Anderson;  Corr. 
Sec.,  Miss  L.  McKnight.  39  Elgin  St.  E.:  Treas., 
Miss  A.  Knott;  Committee  Conveners:  Program, 
Miss  H.  Trew,  Social.  Miss  D.  Brown;  Rep.  to 
The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  W.  Werry. 


A. A.,    Lady   Stanley    Institute    (Incorporated    1918) 
Ottawa 

Hon.  Pres.,  Mrs.  W.  S.  Lyman;  Pres.,  Mrs. 
W.  E.  Caven;  Vice-Pres..  Miss  G.  Halpenny; 
Sec.,  Mrs.  P.  R.  Grant.  74  Byron  Ave.;  Treas., 
Mrs.  G.  C.  Bennett;  Board  of  Directors:  Mrs. 
Waddell,  Misses  McNiece,  McGibbon.  Flack; 
Flower  Convener,  Miss  E.  Booth;  Representatives 
to:  Press,  Miss  G.  Halpenny;  Registry:  Misses 
M.  Slinn,  E.  Curry;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Mrs. 
V.  Boles. 

A.A.,    Ottawa    Civic    Hospital,    Otuwa 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  G.  M.  Bennett;  Pres.,  Miss  D. 
Ogilvie;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  L.  Gourlay;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  G.  Ferguson;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss 
G.  Wilson;  Corr.  Sec.  &  Press,  Miss  M.  Tullis 
O.C.H.;  Treas.,  Miss  D.  Johnston,  98  Holland 
Ave. ;  Councillors :  Mnies  M.  Johnston,  H.  Kidd, 
G.  Dunning,  E.  Haines.  Misses  Fleiger,  H.  Wil- 
son; Committee  Conveners:  Flower,  Miss  H. 
King;  Visiting,  Miss  Joyce;  Reps,  to:  Central 
Registry,  Misses  R.  Alexander,  0.  Bradley,  E. 
Graydon,   C.    McLeod. 


urer,  Mrs.  Ralph  Snelgrove, 
West ;     Representative     to 
Ellis. 


750  Second  Avenue, 
RJf.A.O..     Miss     P. 


A.A.,   Nicholls  Hospital,   Peterborough 

Hon.  Pres.,  Mrs.  E.  M.  Leeson,  Miss  E.  G. 
Young;  Pres..  Miss  Lottie  Ball;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  D.  E.  MacBuen;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  J. 
Preston;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  Florence  Scott;  Corr. 
Sec,  Miss  A.  MacKenzie,  758  George  St.;  Treas., 
Miss  Isobel  King,  210  Antrim  St.;  Social  Con- 
veners: Mrs.  V.  Janeway.  Miss  S.  Trottei*; 
Flower  Convener,  Miss   Mae  Stone. 


A.A.,     St.     Joseph's     Hospital,     Port     Arthur 

Honourary  President.  Rev.  Mother  Cainillus; 
Honourary  Vice-President,  Rev.  Sister  Sheila: 
President.  Mrs.  Jack  Tiskey;  Vice-President. 
Miss  Cecila  Kelly;  Secretary,  Mrs.  Jack  Weir. 
419  Ambrose  St.;  Treasurer,  Miss  Millie  Reid ; 
Executive:  Misses  Aili  Johnson,  Lucy  MIocich, 
Olive  Thompson,  Isabel   Hamer,   Mrs.  W.  Geddes 


A. A.,   Sarnia    General    Hospital,    Samia 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  Shaw;  Pres.,  Miss  M.  Thomp- 
son; Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  V^  Galloway;  Sec,  Miss 
F.  Morrison,  138%  N.  Front  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  I. 
Dunford;  Committee  Conveners:  Social,  Miss 
Revington;  Program,  Miss  Bloomfield;  Flower 
&  Visiting,  Miss  Cairns;  Alumnae  Room,  Miss 
Shaw;  Nominating,  Miss  Siegrist;  Rep.  to:  The 
Canadian  Nurse  &  Press,  Mrs.  M.  Elrlck. 


A. A.,     Stratford     General     Hospital,     Stratford 

Honourary  President.  Miss  A.  M.  Munn; 
President,  Miss  Annie  Ballantyne.  General 
Hospital;  Secretary,  Mrs.  Viola  Byrick,  308 
Huron  Street:  Treasurer.  Miss  Jean  Watson, 
General  Hospital ;  Committee  Conveners  :  Social, 
Miss  Bern  ice  Moore;  Assists:  Miss  L.  Attwood, 
Miss  M.  Mackenzie;  Flower  and  Gifts,  Miss 
M.    Murr. 


A. A.,  Ottawa  General  Hospital,  Ottawa 

Hon.  President,  Rev.  Sr.  Flavie  Domitille;  Hon. 
Vice.-Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  Helen  of  Rome;  Pres..  Miss 
Viola  Foran ;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  Alice  Proulx; 
Sec  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Rose  Therien ;  Secretary- 
Treasurer.  Miss  Lucille  Brule.  95  Glen  Ave.; 
Membership  Secretary.  Miss  Florence  Lepine; 
Councillors:  Mmes  E.  Viau.  L.  Dunn,  Misses  E. 
Byrne,  M.  Prindeville.  J.  Larochelle. 


A. A.,   Mack  Training   School,   St.   Catharines 

Presiient,  Miss  Evelyn  Buchanan;  First  Vice- 
President,  Miss  Kiomer:  Second  Vice-President, 
Miss  U!pt;  Secretary.  Miss  Sayus,  General  Hos- 
pital; Treasurer,  Sfiss  McMahon ;  Committee 
Conveners:  Program,  Miss  J.  Turner;  Social, 
Miss  Hastie;  Visiting,  Miss  Kirkpatrick;  Re- 
presentatives to:  Press,  Miss  H.  Brown;  The 
Canadian    Nurse,    Miss    A.    Brubaker. 


A.A.,    St.    Luke's    Hospital,    Ottawa 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  Maxwell.  O.B.E. :  Pres. 
Mrs.  W.  H.  Johnston;  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  J.  Prit- 
chard;  Sec.  Mrs.  J.  Hall,  17  Openago  Rd.; 
Treas.,  Mrs.  J.  AV.  Shore:  Committees:  Flowers: 
Misses  Lewis.  Craig:  Refreshments:  Misses  Nel- 
son, Allen;  Reps,  to:  Central  Registry:  Mrs. 
Brown.  Miss  Heron;  Local  Coimcil  of  Women, 
Mrs.  Mothersill;   Press,  Miss  Johnston. 


A. A.,    St.   Thomas   Memorial    Hospital,   St.   Thonuis 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  J.  M.  Wilson:  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Miss  F.  Kudoha :  Pres..  Miss  E.  Stoddem; 
First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  E.  Ray:  Sec.  Mrs.  B. 
Davidson :  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  E.  Do  Ids.  33  Welling- 
ton St.;  Treas.  Miss  P.  Howell;  Committee 
Conveners:  Social,  Miss  A.  Claypole;  Flower, 
Miss  M.  Broadlev:  Ways  &  Menns.  Miss  A. 
Fryer:  Reps,  to  R.N.A.O.,  Miss  B.  McGee;  Press, 
Miss  E.  Jewell. 


A. A.,    Owen    Sound    General    and    Marine    Hospital, 
Owen    Sound 

Honourary  Presidents.  Miss  E.  Webster,  Miss 
R.  Brown ;  President,  Miss  C.  MacKeen ;  First 
Vice-Presi'dent.    Miss    V.    Reid;    Secretary-Treas- 


A.A.,    The    Grant    Macdonald    Training    School 
for  Nurses,   Toronto 

Honeurary    President,     Miss     Pearl    Morri.son; 
President.  Mrs.   E.  Jacques;   Vice-President.  Miss 


590 


THE   CANADIAN    NURSE 


A.  Lendrum;  Recording  Secretarj'.  Mrs-  M- 
Smith,  130  Dunn  Avenue;  Corresponding  Secre- 
tary, Miss  I.  Lucas,  130  Dunn  Avenue;  Treas- 
urer,   Miss   Maud    Zufelt;    Social   Convener,   Miss 

B.  Langdon. 

A.A.,    Hospital    for   Sick   Children,    Toronto 

Pres..  Mrs.  D.  E.  MacKenzie;  First  Vlce-Pres.. 
Mrs.  W.  S.  Keith;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M. 
Mclnnis;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  H.  Booth;  Corr.  Sec, 
Mrs.  W.  Ritchie,  55  Colin  Ave.;  Treas.,  Miss 
F.   Watson,    H.S.C. 


A.A.,    Riverdaie    Hospital,    Toronto 

Pres.,  Mrs.  S.  J.  Hubbert;  First  Vice-Pres.. 
Miss  A.  Armstrong;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M. 
Thompson;  Sec.  Mrs.  H.  E.  Radford,  6  Neville 
Pk.  Blvd.;  Treas.,  Mrs.  T.  Fairbaim;  Conveners: 
Program,  Miss  Mathieson;  Visiting:  Mrs.  Spree- 
man.  Miss  M.  Thompson;  Reps,  to:  Press  &  Pub- 
lication, Miss  J.  Forbes;  R.N.A.O..  Miss  O. 
Gerber;    The    Canadian   Nurse,    Miss    Armstrong. 


E.  Graham,  E.  Clancey,  Mrs.  J.  B.  Wadland; 
Committee  Conveners:  Archives.  Miss  J.  M. 
Kniseley;  Flower,  Mrs.  J.  B.  Wadland;  Social, 
Miss  F.  Chantler;  Program,,  Miss  S.  Sewell; 
Gift,  Miss  M.  Fry;  Scholarship,  Miss  G.  Lovell; 
"The  Quarterly",  Mrs.   H.  E.  Wallace. 


A. A.,    Training    School    for    Nurses    of   the    Toronto 

East    General    Hospital    with    which    is    incorporated 

the    Toronto    Orthopedic    Hospital,    Toronto 

Honourary  President,  Miss  Ella  MacLean; 
President,  Miss  Margaret  Purvis;  Secretary, 
Miss  D.  Jean  Smith,  64  Hewitt  Avenue,  Toron- 
to; Treasurer,  Miss  Dorothy  Golden. 

A. A.,    Toronto    Western    Hospital,    Toronto 

Hon.  Presidents,  Miss  B.  Ellis,  Mrs.  C.  J. 
Currie;  President,  Mrs.  Douglas  Chant;  Vlc»- 
President,  Miss  Mae  Palk;  Corresponding  Secret- 
ary, Miss  Isabel  Kee.  Nurses  Residence,  T.W.H.; 
Recording  Secretary,  Mrs.  Fooks;  Treasurer,  MiM 
Benita  Post.  Western  Hospital;  Representative 
to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Elizabeth  Westren. 


A. A.,    St.    John's    Hospital,   Toronto 

Hon.  Pres..  Sr.  Beatrice;  Pres.,  Miss  M.  Mar- 
tin; First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  D.  Whiting;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Creighton;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss 
M.  Anderson;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  M.  Riches,  St. 
John's  Convalescent  Hospital;  Treas.,  Miss  A. 
Greenwood;  Entertainment  Convener,  Miss  R. 
Ramsden ;  Visiting  Convener,  Miss  L.  Richard- 
son ;  Rep.  to  Press,  Miss  E.  Price. 


A.A.,    Wellesley    Hospital,    Toronto 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  E.  K.  Jones;  Pres.,  Miss  J. 
Harris;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Stanton;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Johnston;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss 
G.  Schwindt;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  M.  Russell,  4 
Thurloe  Ave. ;  Treas..  Miss  J.  Brown ;  Treas. 
Sirk  Fund,  Miss  D.  Good;  General  Committee: 
Misses  E.  Cowan,  J.  Hayden,  B.  Calvert,  J. 
Laird.    H.   Wark,   G.    Bolton,   Mrs.   Reeve. 


A. A.,   St.   Joseph's   Hospital,   Toronto 

Pres.,  Miss  T.  Hushin;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss 
M.  Goodfriend;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  V.  Smith; 
Rec.  Sec,  Miss  M.  Donovan ;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss 
M.  T.  Caden,  474  Vaughan  Rd.;  Treas.,  Miss  L. 
Hill;  Entertainment  Convener,  Mrs.  J.  Shapley; 
Program  Convener,  Miss  M.  Kelly;  Representa- 
tive  to  R.N.A.O.,  Miss   C.   Knaggs. 


A. A.,     Women's    College     Hospital,    Toronto 

Honourary  President.  Mrs.  Bowman;  Hoiiourarj 
Vice-President,  Miss  H.  T.  Melklejohn ;  rre«l 
dent,  Mrs.  S.  Hall.  860  Manning  A»e.  ; 
Recording  Secretary,  Miss  Isabel  Hall.  Women's 
College  Hospital;  Treasurer,  Miss  W.  Worth. 
93  Scarbora  Beach  Blvd.;  Representative  lo 
The   Canadian   Nurse,   Miss   Mary   Chalk. 


A. A.,    St.    Michael's    Hospital,    Toronto 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sr.  Mary  of  the  Nativity;  Hon. 
Vice-Pres..  Sr.  M.  Kathleen ;  Pres..  Miss  D. 
Murphy;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Stone;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  K.  Boyle;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss  M. 
McRae;  Corr.  Sec,  Mrs.  M.  Benny,  2510  Bloor 
St.  W.,  Apt.  1;  Treas.,  Miss  K.  Meagher;  Coun- 
cillors: Misses  M.  Hughes,  E.  Crocker.  K.  Ham- 
mil;  Committee  Conveners:  Press,  Miss  H.  Ca- 
vanagh;  Mag.  Editor,  Miss  M.  Crowley;  Assoc. 
Membership,  Mrs.  R.  Slingerland;  Reps,  to;  Hos- 
pital &  School  of  Nursing  Section,  Miss  G.  Mur- 
phy; Public  Health  Section,  Miss  M.  Tisdale; 
Local  Council  of  Women,  Mrs.  T.  Scully. 


A. A.,    School    of    Nursing,    University    of    Toronto, 
Toronto 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  K.  Russell;  Hon.  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  F.  H.  Emory;  Pres.,  Miss  M.  Macfarland: 
First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  J.  Leask;  Sec.  Vice-Pres. 
Miss  E.  Crj'derman;  Sec,  Miss  M.  Nicol,  226  St. 
George  St.;  Treas..  Miss  E.  J.  Davidson;  Con- 
veners: Membership,  Mrs.  M.  McCutcheon ;  En- 
doirment  Fund,  Miss  E.  Eraser;  Program,  Miss 
J.   Wilson ;   Social,   Miss   B.   Ross. 


A. A.,   Toronto   General    Hospital,   Toronto 

Pres..  Miss  Ethel  Cryderman ;  First  Vice-Pres. 
Miss  Marion  Stewart ;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  R.  F. 
Chisholm;  Sec-Treas..  Miss  Leslie  Shearer,  5 
High  Park  Ave.;  Councillors:  Misses  C.  Wallace, 


A.A.,    Ontario    Hospital,    New    Toronto 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  Rothery,  Mrs.  C.  Brock; 
Pres..  Miss  L.  Sinclair;  First  Vice-Pres.  Miss 
M.  Wright;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss  E.  McCalpin ;  Corr. 
Sec.  Miss  E.  Greenslade,  Ontario  Hospital; 
Treas.,  Miss  V.  Dod.l;  Committee  Conveners: 
Program,  Miss  B.  Thomp.son ;  Social,  Miss  A. 
McArthur;  Visiting  &  Flower.  Miss  G.  Reid; 
Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  D.  Wylie. 


A. A.,   Grace    Hospital,    Windsor 

President.  Adjutant  Gladys  Barker;  Vic« 
President,  Miss  Phyllis  Hardcastle;  Secretary, 
Miss  Jeanette  Ferguson.  Grace  Hospital;  Treas- 
urer. Miss  Jean  Galloway;  Echoes'  Editor,  Ad- 
jutant Gladys  Barker. 

A. A.,   Hotel-Dieu,   Windsor 

Hon.  Past  Pres.,  Sr.  Marie  de  la  Ferre;  Hon. 
Pres..  Rev.  M.  Claire  Maitre;  Pres..  Miss  Ellen 
Cox;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  J.  Byrne;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres..  Miss  J.  Duck;  Sec,  Miss  M.  Beaton, 
1542  Goyeau  St.;  Con.  Sec.  Sr.  M.  Roy,  Hotel- 
Dieu  Hospital;  Treas..  Miss  M.  Lawson ;  Visit- 
ing Committee:   Misses   M.   May,   B.   Beuglet. 

A. A.,   General   Hospital,   Woodstock 

Pres.,  Miss  Mary  Matheson ;  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs. 
Jack  Town;  Sec,  Miss  A.  Ailcheson ;  Ass.  Sec. 
Miss    M.    I.    Matheson;    Treas.,    Miss    A.    Amott; 


OFFICIAL    DIRECTORY 


591 


Ass.  Treas..  Miss  K.  Mahon;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  E. 
Rickard,  211  Wellington  St.;  Committee  Conve- 
ners: Flowers  &  Gifts:  Misses  M.  Hodgins.  N. 
Smith;  Program,  Miss  M.  Gillespie;  Social,  Mrs. 
King;   Rep.  to  Press,  Miss  B.  Calvert. 


QUEBEC 

A.A.,   Children's   Memorial    Hospiul,   Montreal 

Hon.  Presidents,  Misses  A.  S.  Kinder.  E. 
Alexander;  Pres..  Miss  H.  Nuttall;  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  M.  Robinson;  Sec,  Miss  Rose  Wilkinson, 
Children's  Memorial  Hospital;  Treas.,  Miss  R. 
Allison;  Social  Convener,  Miss  A.  Cameron; 
Representatives  to:  Private  Duty  Section,  Miss 
V.   Ford;   The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  M.  Collins. 

A. A.,  Homoeopathic  Hospital,  Montreal 

Hon.  Pres.  Miss  V.  Graham;  Pres..  Miss  N. 
Gage;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  J.  Morris;  Sec.  Miss 
M.  Stewart.  8G5  Richmond  Sq. :  Treas.  Mrs.  M.  I. 
Warren;  Conveners:  Sick  Benefit,  Mrs.  War- 
ren; Visiting:  Misses  Campbell,  Currie;  Pro- 
gram, Miss  Macdonald ;  Refreshment,  Miss  Per- 
ron ;  General  Nursing  Section :  Misses  Allnutt, 
Snasdell-Taylor. 

A. A.     Lachine     General     Hospital,     Lachtnc 


Honouran'  President.  Miss  L.  M.  Brown; 
President.  Miss  Ruby  Goodfellow;  Vice-Presi- 
dent. Miss  Myrtle  Gleason ;  Secretary-Treasurer, 
Mrs.  Byrtha  Jobber,  60-5lst  Ave..  Dixie — La- 
chine;  General  Nursing  Representative,  Miss 
Ruby  Goodfellow;  Executive  Committee:  Mrs. 
Barlow.   Mrs.   Gaw.    Miss   Dewar. 


Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  W.  McLean;  Rec  Sec 
Miss  D.  Goodill;  Sec-Treas.,  Miss  Grace  Moffat, 
R.V.H.;  Board  of  Directors  'without  office): 
Miss  E.  Flanagan,  Mrs.  E.  O'Brien;  Conveners 
of  Standing  Committees:  Finance,  Mrs.  R. 
Fetherstonhaugh ;  Program,  Miss  G.  Yeats; 
Scholarship,  Miss  W.  MacLean;  General  Nursing, 
Miss  E.  Killins;  Conveners  of  Other  Committees: 
Canteen,  Mrs.  W.  A.  G.  Bauld;  Red  Cross,  Mrs. 
F.  E.  McKenty;  Visiting,  Miss  Purcell;  Reps,  to: 
Local  Council  of  Women,  Mrs.  V.  Ward,  Miss 
K.  Dicitson;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  G. 
Martin. 


A.A.,    St.    Mary's   Hospital,    Montreal 

Hon.  Pres..  Rev.  Sister  Rozon;  Pres.,  Miss 
E.  O'Hare;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Smith;  Rec.  Sec. 
Mrs.  L.  O'Connell;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  E.  O'Connell; 
4625  Earnscliffe  Ave.;  Treas..  Miss  E.  Quinn; 
Committees:  Entertainment:  Misses  Marwan,  D. 
McCarthy,  McDerby,  Ryan;  Visiting:  Misses 
Brown.  Coleman,  Mullins;  Spcial  Nurses:  Misses 
Goorlman.  P.  McCarthy;  Reps,  to:  Press:  Misses 
Zurick,  Culligan;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  E. 
Toner. 


A. A.,     School     for     Graduate     Nurses. 
McGill     University,     Montreal 

Pres.,  Miss  Margaret  Brady;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss 
Winnifred  McCunn ;  Sec-Treas.,  Miss  Jessie 
Cooke.  Woman's  General  Hospital,  Westmount; 
Conveners:  Flora  M.  Shaw  Memorial  Fund,  Mrs. 
L.  H.  Fisher;  Program.  Miss  R.  Lamb;  Represen- 
tatives to:  Local  Council  of  Women:  Mrs.  J.  R. 
Taylor,  Miss  E.  Martin;  The  Canadian  Nurse, 
Miss  C.   Aitkenhead,   Homoeopathic   Hospital. 


L'Association    des    Gardes-Malades     Diplomees, 
Hopital     Notre-Dame,    Montreal 

Hon.  Pres..  R^v.  Sr.  Papineau;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  R^v.  Sr.  Decary;  Pres.  Mile  Eva  M^rizzi ; 
First  Vice-Pres..  Mile  Germaine  Latour;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres..  Mile  Laurence  Deguire;  Rec  Sec, 
Mile  Ola  Sarrazin ;  Corr.-Sec,  Mile  Bernadette 
Magnan.  2205  rue  Maisonneuve;  Assoc.  Sec, 
Mile  S.  Belaire;  Councillors:  Miles  M.  Lussier. 
C.    Lazure.   J.    Vanier. 


A. A.,    Montreal    General    Hospital,    Montreal 

Hon.  Presidents.  Miss  Webster.  Miss  Tedford; 
Hon.  Treasurer.  Miss  Dunlop:  President.  Miss 
Catherine  Anderson ;  First  Vice-President  Miss 
Bertha  Birch :  Second  Vice-President.  Miss  Mary 
Long;  Recording  Secretary.  Miss  Jean  McNair; 
Corresponding  Secretary.  Miss  Mabel  Shannon. 
Nurses  Home.  Montreal  General  Hospital;  Trea- 
surer. Miss  Isabel  Da  vies;  Committees:  Execu- 
tive: Misses  M.  K.  Holt.  A.  Whitney.  H.  Bartsch. 
E.  Robertson.  Mrs.  F.  Johnston;  Program:  Misses 
M.  Batson  E.  Denman.  K.  Annesley:  Refresh- 
ment: Misses  Clifford  'convener).  Michie.  A. 
Scott.  B.  Broadhurst.  M.  McQuarrie:  Visiting: 
Mis.ses  .\I.  Ross.  B.  Miller.  H.  Christian;  Repre- 
sentatives to:  General  Nursing  Section:  Misses 
A.  Whitney.  M.  McLeod.  C.  Pope.  J.  Ross;  Local 
Council  of  Women:  Misses  A.  Costigan.  Si.  Ste- 
vens;  The  Canadian  Nurse:  Miss  C.  Watling. 


A.A.,    Royal    Victoria    Hospital,    Montreal 

Hon.    Pres..    Miss    Mabel    Hersey;    Pres..    Mrs. 
R.  A.  Taylor;   First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  F.  Munroe; 


A. A.,  Woman's  General  Hospital,  Westmount 


Hon.  Presidents.  Misses  Trench.  Pearson;  Pres.» 
Miss  C.  Martin;  First  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  Crewe; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  Rosen ;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss 
Van-Buskirk;  Corr.  Sec.  Mrs.  G.  Bentley,  358? 
University  St.:  Treas..  Miss  Francis;  Committees: 
Visiting:  Misses  T.  Wood,  G.  Wilson;  Social: 
Mrs.  Saginur.  Miss  Yellin ;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian 
Nurse,  Miss   Francis. 


A. A..    Jcffery    Hale's    Hospital,    Quebec 

Pres..  Mrs.  A.  W.  G.  Macalister;  First  Vice- 
Pres..  Mrs.  L.  Teakle;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  G. 
Weary;  Sec.  Miss  M.  G.  Fischer.  305  Grande 
Allee;  Treas..  Mrs.  W.  D.  Fleming;  Councillors: 
Misses  Wolfe.  Kennedy,  Fitzpatrick,  Ross,  Mrs. 
Pfeiffer;  Committees:  Refreshment:  Misses  Kirt- 
sen,  Jones,  Warren.  Dawson;  Visiting:  Misses 
Douglas  (convener),  Martin.  Mmes.  Raphael, 
Gray;  Program:  Mmes.  Young.  Teakle,  Misses 
Lunam.  Douglas;  Reps,  to:  Private  Dutv  Sec- 
tion: Misses  Walsh,  Perry;  The  Canadian  Nurse, 
Miss  N.  Humphries. 


A. A..    Sherbrooke    Hospital.    Sherbrooke 


Hon.  Pres..  Miss  V.  K.  Bean;  Pres..  Mrs.  H. 
Leslie:  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  N.  Malone;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  G.  Ransehousen ;  Rec.  Sec, 
Mrs.  G.  Sangster;  Corr.  Sec.  Mrs.  R.  Mooney, 
174  Portland  Ave.:  Entertainment  Convener, 
Mrs.  W.  Cohoon :  Representatives  to:  Private 
Dutv  Section.  Miss  D.  Ross:  The  Canadian  Nurse, 
Mrs".   G.   MacKay.    35    Bcthune   St. 


592 


THE   CANADIAN    NURSE 


SASKATCHEWAN 

A.A.,  Grey  Nuns'  Hospital,  Regina 
Honourary  President,  Sr.  M.  J.  Tougas;  Presi- 
dent. Mrs.  A.  Counter;  Vice-President,  Mrs. 
F.  Racette;  Secretary-Treasurer,  Mrs.  R.  Mo- 
gridge;  Corresponding  Secretary,  Miss  Ina  M. 
Montgomery,  Grey  Nuns'  Hospital. 

A. A.,   Regina   General   Hospital,   Regina 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  D.  Wilson;  Pres.,  Miss  M. 
Brown;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  R.  Ridley;  Sec, 
Miss  V.  Mann,  Regina  General  Hospital :  Treas., 
Miss  E.  Sweitzer,  R.G.H.;  Representatives  to: 
Local  Paper,  Miss  G.  Glasgow;  The  Canadian 
Nurse,  Miss  K.  Sharp. 

A.A.,    St.    Paul's    Hospital,    Saskatoon 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sister  La  Pierre;  Pres.,  Miss  F. 
Bateman;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Bohl ;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  E.  Turner;  Sec,  Miss  C. 
Castagnier,  St.  Paul's  Hospital;   Treas.,  Miss  L. 


Strate;  Councillors:  Mrs.  A.  Hyde,  Mrs.  A. 
Thompson,  Miss  A.  Templeman,  Mrs.  H.  Mackay; 
Ways  &  Means  Committee :  Mrs.  C.  Darbellay, 
Mrs.  B.  Hayes,  Mrs.  A.  Barker. 

A. A.,  Saskatoon  City  Hospital,  Saskatoon 
Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  Howard;  Pres.,  Miss  M. 
Chisholm;  Vice-Pres..  Miss  Collins,  Miss  Grant; 
Rec.  Sec.  Miss  D.  Bjarnason;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss 
D.  Duff,  S.C.H.;  Treas.,  Miss  E.  Graham;  Conr 
veners:  Ways  &  Means,  Mrs.  C.  Fletcher;  Social, 
Mrs.  J.  Gibson;  Program,  Mrs.  H.  Atwell;  Red 
Cross,  Mrs.  T.  Binnie;  Visiting  &  Flower,  Miss 
V.  Bergren;   Press,  Miss  M.  Fofonoff. 

A.A.,  Yorkton  Queen  Victoria  Hospital,  Yorkton 
Honourary  President,  Mrs.  L.  V.  Barnes;  Pre- 
sident, Mrs.  J.  Young;  Vice-President,  Miss  E. 
Flanagan;  Secretary,  Mrs.  T.  E.  Darroch,  59 
Haultain  Ave.;  Treasurer,  Mrs.  G.  Heard;  Coun- 
cillors:  Mrs.  W.  Sharpe,  Mrs.  F.  Kisby,  Mrs.  J. 
Parker;  Social  Convener,  Mrs.  G.  Parsons;  Re- 
presentative  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Mrs.  W. 
Sharpe. 


Associations  of  Graduate  Nurses 


Overseas     Nursing     Sisters     Asiociation 
of    Canada 

Pres.,  Miss  F.  Munroe,  Royal  Victoria  Hos 
pital.  Montreal;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  C.  M 
Watling.  Montreal ;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  H.  Paice 
Montreal;  Third  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  B.  Anderson 
Ottawa;  Sec.-Treas.,  Miss  E.  Frances  Upton 
Ste  1019,  Medical  Arts  Bldg.,  Montreal;  Re 
preseniatives  from  Local  Unit:  Mrs.  C.  E.  Bi 
saillon,  7.5.3  Bienville  St..  Apt.  5,  Montreal 
Miss  M.  Moag.  V.  O.  N..  Montreal. 


rmiTISH  COLUMBIA 

Kamloops   Graduate   Nurses   Association 

Pres.,  Mrs.  Markley;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  O.  Gar- 
rood;  Sec.  Miss  E.  Davis.  Royal  Inland  Hos- 
pital ;  Treas.  Miss  F.  Aberdeen ;  Committee  Con- 
veners: Program,  Mrs.  R.  Howard;  Social,  Mrs. 
S.  Dalgleish;  Ways  &  Means,  Miss  M.  Williams; 
Membership,  Miss  Naylor;  Representatives  to 
The  Canadian  Nurse,  Misses  J.  Norquay,  Turn- 
bull. 

Nelson   Registered  Nurses  Association 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  V.  B.  Eidt;  Pres.,  Miss  Turn- 
bull;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  B.  Laing;  Sec.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Miss  B.  Hayden ;  Sec.  Miss  H.  Tompkins, 
Kootenay  Lake  Gen.  Hospital :  Treas.,  Miss  G. 
Carr;  Committees:  General  Nursing,  Miss  K. 
Scott;  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  V. 
Eidt;  Public  Health,  Miss  N.  Dunn;  Ways  & 
Means.  Miss  E.  Sutherland;  Social  &  Program, 
Miss  M.  Bower;  Visiting,  Miss  N.  Murphy;  Mem- 
bership, Miss  J.  Boutwell;  Library,  Mrs.  A. 
O'Connor:  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  M. 
Ross. 

New    Westminster    Graduate    Nurses    Association 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  C.  E.  Clark;  Pres..  Mrs.  A. 
Way:  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  E.  Scott  Grey;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  A.  MacPhail;  Sec,  Miss  E. 
Beatt,  243  Keary  St.:  Treas.,  Mrs.  T.  Jones; 
Assist.  Sec.  &  Treas.,  Miss  B.  Smith. 


Trail  Chapter,  Registered  Nurses  Association  of 
British  Columbia 
President,  Miss  Marjory  Fletcher;  Vice-Presi- 
dent. Miss  Edythe  Crosson :  Secretary.  Mias 
Phyllis  Slader.  Nurses  Residence,  Trail-tadanac 
Hospital,  Trail;  Treasurer,  Miss  Eileen  Sonier- 
ville;  Representative  to  The  Canadian  Nurse, 
Miss   Joyce    Greenwood. 

Victoria    Chapter,    Reeistered    Nurses    Association 
of   British   Columbia 

Pres.,  Mrs.  J.  H.  Russell:  First  Vice-Pres., 
Sr.  M.  Claire:  Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  H.  Latornell; 
Rec  Sec,  Miss  G.  Wahl;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  H. 
Unsworth,  Royal  Jubilee  Hospital;  Treas..  Miss 
N.  Knipe ;  Conveners :  General  Nursing,  Miss  K. 
Powell :  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing.  Sr.  M. 
Gregory;  Public  Health,  Miss  H.  Kilpatrick; 
Directory,  Mrs.  G.  Bothwell;  Finance,  Miss  M. 
Dickson;  Membership,  Sr.  M.  Gabrielle;  Program, 
Miss  D.  Calquhoun ;  Publications,  Miss  M.  La- 
turnus;  Nf^minating,  Mi.ss  L.  Eraser;  Corr.  Dele- 
gate of  Placement  Btireau,  Mrs.  Bothwell;  Re- 
gistrar, Miss  E.  Franks. 


MANITOBA 

Brandon  Graduate  Nurses  Association 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  E.  Birtles.  O.B.E.:  Pres.,  Mrs. 
S.  Purdue:  Vice-Pres..  Miss  M.  Morton,  Sec, 
M-iss  A.  Crighton.  Brandon  General  Hospital; 
Treas..  Mrs.  J.  Selbie:  Registrar,  Miss  C.  Mac- 
leod :  Conveners:  Red  Cross,  Mrs.  H.  McKenzie; 
Social.  Miss  M.  Trotter:  Press.  Miss  W.  Mitchell; 
General  Nursing,  Nfiss  G.  Lamont;  Rep.  to  The 
Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  G.  Kennettle. 


QUEBEC 

Montreal    Graduate    Nurses    Association 

President,  Miss  Effie  Killins;  Fii-st  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  Clarice  Smith;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Lil- 
lian MacKinnon;  Hon.  Sec.-Treas.,  Miss  Doro- 
thy Shoemaker,  1230  Bishop  St.;  Director  of 
Nursing  Registry,  Miss  E.  B.  Ross,  1234  Bishop 
St.  Regular  meetings  second  Tuesday  January, 
first    Tuesday    April,    October,    and    December, 


I  VOLUME  3  8 
NUMBER     9 

SEPTEMBER 

19     4     2 


mts 


9    Special 
Convention 
Number 


CANADIAN 
NURSE 


•    Inkwell  Used 
by 
Jeanne  Mance 


Courtesy  of 

Les  Hospiialieres  de 

St.  Joseph 


OWNED       AND       PUBLISHED       BY 
THF    naNaniaiM    mir<jf«     a««nniaTinN 


tgMj  ESmMViV:  Which  of  the  essential  nutrients  is  most  frequently  involved 
in  nutritional  failures? 

J%.^SV^  EMi:  It  is  not  possible  to  incriminate  any  one  of  the  essential 
nutrients  as  being  most  frequently  responsible  for  nutritional  failure  (1).  Some 
ten  or  more  nutrients  have  been  reported  as  being  the  first  limiting  factor  in 
various  dietary  regimes  followed  in  this  country.  However,  the  deficiencv 
considered  to  be  most  serious  varies  from  one  section  to  another,  and  even 
Avith  the  nutrient  receiving  the  most  attention  at  the  moment. 

Although  opinion  regarding  the  specific  nutrient  most  frequently  supplied 
in  inadequate  amounts  varies,  it  is  generally  agreed  that  inclusion  of  liberal 
quantities  of  the  ''protective"  foods  in  the  diet  should  be  the  basis  of  anv 
programme  designed  to  eliminate  malnutrition  (1,  2).  In  diets  designed  to 
supply  liberal  amounts  of  the  essential  nutrients  many  of  the  readilv  available 
economical  canned  foods  mav  well  be  included. 


American  Can  Company,  Hamilton,  Ontario; 
American  Can  Company  Ltd.,  Vancouver,  B.C. 


(I)  1<)39,  F.Kxl  and  Mfe:  Yearbook  of  Agriculture.         (2)  1941.  U.  S.  Public  Health    Reports  56,  1233. 
I!.  S.  Dept.  of  Agriculture.  U.  S.  Gov't  1940,  J.  Am.  Med.  Assn.  114,  548. 

Printing  Office.  Washington.  D.  C.  1938,  Ibid — 111,  1846. 

1939,  V.  S.  Dept.  Agr.  Circular  No.  507.  1938.  J.  Am.  Dietet.  Assn.  14,  1 

1938,  Ibid— 14,  8. 


JOHNSON'S  BABY  POWDER 


•  Made    from    the    finest    talc    and 
borated. 

•  Grand  for  chafes  and  prickly  heat. 

•  Keeps  baby  skin  soft  and  smooth. 

•  Made  by  the  makers  of  Johnson's 
Baby  Powder,  Soap,  and  Cream 


SEPTEMBER,   1942 


393 


NUPERCAINAL  Xiba 


ir 


A    highly   efficient    analgesic    and    anti-pruritic    ointment   with    a 
prolonged  anaesthetic  action 

for  the  relief  from  pain  and  itching  in  affections  of  the  skin  and 
mucous  membranes,  such  as 

SUNBURN  BURNS  HAEMORRHOIDS 

ULCERS  BED-SORES  CRACKED  NIPPLES 

DRY  ECZEMA  PRURITUS  ANI  AND  VULVAE 

Tubes  of  one  ounce  and  jars  of  one  pound 
Professional  samples  on  request. 

Ciba  Company  Ltd.      -      Montreal 


PEDICULOSIS* 

Yields  to 

CUPREX 

Cuprex  is  the  answer  to  the  problem 
of  head,  body  or  crab  lice.  A  single 
application  will  usually  destroy  eggs 
and  nits.  Cuprex  is  non-sticky  and  has 
no  unpleasant  odour.  At  drugstores 
everywhere. 

*Thal      condition     caused     by      head, 
body  or  crab  lice. 


CUPREX 

A     MERCK     PRODUCT 


MERCK  &  CO. 
LIMITED 

Manufacturing    Chemists 
Montreal. 


594 


Vol.  38,  No.  9 


ORODONO  SAFELY  STOPS  PERSPIRATION 

ONE  TO  THREE  DAYS 


Compare  ODORONO 
Cream  with  any  other 
deodorant  you've  ever  tried! 

Compare,  first,  the  size  of  the  jar 
.  .  .  you  get  1  FULL  OUNCE  — 
not  just  a  half  ounce  —  of 
ODORONO  Cream  for  39c  ! 
Now,  compare  the  quaUty  —  if 
you  don't  agree  that  ODORONO 
Cream  is  the  best  deodorant 
you've  ever  tried,  we'll  give  you 

YOUR 
MONEY 

BACK! 


rVEEP  the  sick  room  a  pleasanter 
place  for  you  and  for  your  patient 
by  stopping  perspiration  with 
ODORONO  Cream.  Apply  ODORONO 
Cream  as  a  regular  part  of  your 
cleanliness  routine — for  yourself  and 
for  your  patient.  ODORONO  Cream 
takes  the  odour  from  perspiration — 
is  safe  and  pleasant  to  use. 

•  Non-irritating  —  use  before  or  aft^ 
shaving. 

•  Quick-vanishing  —  dries  in  a  jiffy, 
takes  but  a  few  seconds  out  of  your 
busy  day. 

•  Non-greasy  — doesn't  stain  bed  linen 
or  clothing. 


AT  YOUR  DRUG  OR  DEPARTMENTAL  STORE 


SEPTEMBER.    1942 


595 


NBW  under-arm 

Cream  Deodorant 

safely 

Stops  Perspiration 


1.  Does  not  harm  dresses  —  does  not 
irritate  skin. 

2.  No  waiting  to  dry.  Can  be  used 
right  after  shaving. 

3.  Instantly  checks  perspiration  for  1 
to  3  days.  Removes  odor  from 
perspiration. 

4.  A  pure  white,  greaseless,  stainless 
vanishing  cream. 

5.  Arrid  has  been  awarded  the 
Approval  Seal  of  the  American 
Institute  of  Laundering,  for  being 
harmless  to  fabrics. 


Arrid  is  the  LARGEST 
SELLING  DEODOR- 
ANT. .  .Try  a  jar  today 
...  at  any  store  which 
sells  toilet  goods. 


ARRID 


39^ 


a  jar 


AT  ALL  STORES  WHICH  SELL  TOILET  GOODS 
(Also  in  15  cent  and  59  cent  jars) 


ESSENTIALS  OF   NURSING 

By  Helen  Young,  R.N.,  Director  of  Nurs- 
ing, Columbia-Presbyi.erian  Medical  Cen- 
ter, and  Associates.  Eleanor  Lee,  R.N., 
A.B.,  Editor.  609  Pages,  illustrated.  $3.50. 
This  i-;  a  modern  textbook  designed  for 
use  m  tne  teaching  of  the  Nursing  Arts. 
The  beginner  will  find  the  basic  principles 
o^  nuising  fully  supported  by  scientific 
facts.  She  will  find,  as  she  progresses,  the 
more  specialized  care  needed  by  patients 
wi  h  various  conditions,  together  with  an 
explanation  of  diagnostic  tests.  The  grad- 
u-te  will  find  "Essentials  of  Nursing"  an 
exceedingly   useful   reference   book. 

McAinsh  &  Co.  Limited 

Dealers    in    Good    Books    Since    1885 
388   Yonge   St.  Toronto 


The  American  Hospital  Bureau 

1825  Empire  State  Building 
New  York  City 


Offers  to  Hospitals  in  Canada  and  the 
United  States  a  professional  placement 
service  for  Hospital  and  Nursing  School 
Administrators,  Instructors,  Supervisors. 
Anaesthetists.  Dietitians,  Technicians,  and 
General  Duty  Nurses.  All  credentials  per- 
sonally verified. 


C.  M.  Powell,  R.  N.,  Director 


DOCTORS'  and   NURSES' 
DIRECTORY 

212  Balmoral   St.,  Winnipeg 

A  Directory  for: 

Doctors,  and  Registered  Nurses 

Victorian  Order  of  Nurses 

(night  calls,  Sundays,  and  holidays 

ONLY) 

Practical  Nurses 

Twenty-four  hour  service. 

P.  Brownell,    Reg.    N.,    Registrar 


THE  CENTRAL 

REGISTRY  OF  GRADUATE 

NURSES,  TORONTO 

Furnish  Nurses 
at     any    hour 
DAY  or  NIGHT 

TELEPHONE  Ningsdale  ^IJo 

Physicians'      and      Surgeons'      BIdg., 

86    Bloor    Street,    West,    TORONTO 

HELEN  CARRUTHERS,  Reg.  N. 

Vol.  38,  No.  9 


Exclusively. . . 

TA/V\PAX 


\L 


IN  endorsing  the  choice  of  a  tampon  for  internal  menstrual 
protection,  professional  preference  may  well  be  guided  with 
discretion  by  four  criteria : 

Is  it  adequate?  Tampax  has  an  exceptionally  high  absorp- 


tive capacity  that  "soaks  up"  the  flux  with  active  freedom,  preventing  any 
blocking  of  the  flow.  Three  sizes — Super,  Regular,  and  Junior — adapt  it 
for  individual  daily  requirements. 

Can  it  be  introduced  without  orificial  stress? 

Each  Tampax  is  supplied  in  a  slender  individual  applicator,  in  which  the 
tampon  is  compressed  to  one-sixth  its  normal  size — for  high  insertion  with 
delicacy  and  facility  by  the  most  fastidious. 


'MTll-i'illiilllUm 


Is  it  comfortable  in  situ?  Only  Tampax  (of  all  menstmal 
tampons)  is  designed  to  expand  flat,  conforming  with  physiologic  certainty 
and  subjective  comfort  to  the  flat  cross  section  of  the  collapsed  vagina. 
Most  users  are  practically  unaware  of  its  presence. 


^iJiiiiiriiT'-iiiiiiiriii  "    I) 


Can  it  be  removed — readily?  Only  Tampax  (of  all 

menstrual  tampons)  is  cross-fibre  stitched  to  prevent  disintegration,  with 
its  moisture-resistant  cord  an  inseparable  extension  of  that  stitching  —  so 
that  gentle,  dainty  removal  may  be  effected  without  probing. 

Tampax  was  designed  by  a  physician  with  an  authoritative  apprecia- 
tion of  functional  requirements.  In  Tampax — exclusively — your  patient 
can  secure  all  of  these  features.  Professional  samples  for  demonstration 
are  available  on  request. 

ACCEPTED  FOR  ADVERTISING 

kVh°:;dTca  "/ss'oc.iT"  M  CANADIAN  TAMPAX  CORPORATION  LIM  ITED 

533  College  Street  Toronto,  Ontario 


CANADIAN  TAMPAX  CORP.  LTD.  ^  ^^'^^ 

533  Colleg^e  Street,  Toronto,  Ontario 

Please  send  me  a  professional  supply  of  the  three  sizes  of  1  ampax. 


Name 

Address. 
City 


SEPTEMBER,   1942  597 


THREE  FAMOUS 

PRODUCTS 
FOR  BABY  CARE 


To  nurses  and  mothers  alike,  one  of 
the  most  important  factors  in  baby 
care  is  the  choice  of  reliable  toilet  pre- 
parations. 

•  Baby's  Own  SOAP  has  been  the 
choice  of  generations  of  nurses  and 
mothers  because  it  is  made  especially 
for  babies  from  the  finest,  purest  ma- 
terials obtainable.  Baby's  Own  Soap 
contains  lanoline,  soothing  to  baby's 
delicate  skin. 

•  Baby's  Own  POWDER  is  a  scien- 
tifically manufactured  borated  talc 
prepared  especially  for  babies  to  pre- 
vent skin  irritation,   chafing  or  rash. 

•  Baby's  Own  OIL  is  a  pure,  bland 
oil  containing  no  antiseptic  and  espe- 
cially blended  for  the  delicate  tissues 
of  baby's  skin.  Non-sticky,  it  forms  a 
protective  film  against  moisture  and 
irritation. 

All  three  of  these  products  are  pre- 
pared particularly  for  use  in  the  Nur- 
sery and  are  hygienically  manufactured 
to  measure  up  to  clinical  standards. 

You  may   recommend    Baby's   Own 
Products  with  confidence. 


"Coke" 

the  friendly  abbreviation 
for  this  famous  trade-mark 


Drink 


eca 


Delicious  and      J 
Re  freshing     ^^ 


You  trust  its  quality 


Identification 


is     easy    with    CASH'S 
WOVEN       NAMES. 
Sewn     on     or     attached 
with    Cash's    No-So    Ce- 
ment.    Most     Hospitals, 
Institutions,  and  Nurses  use  them  in 
preference  to  all  other  methods.  They 
are   the    sanitary,    permanent,    econo- 
mical method  of  marking. 

O  A  CIV '6     232  Grier  St. 
^*^^^**    ^  BelleTille,  Ont. 


CASH'513doz-$|50    6doz-$200  NOSO  Cement 
NAMESi  9doz-$25g   12  do2-$3qo      25<atube 


:s5?o 


Mentholatnm 
brings  quick,  sure 
relief  .  .  .  cools, 
soothes,  refreshes. 
Used  by  millionB 
the  world  over. 
Jars    and    Tubes^ 

30c.  M2I 


MENTHOLATUM 

Gives  COMrORT  Dailr 


598 


Vol.  38,  No.  9 


SEPTEMBER,   1942 


599 


McCILL 
UNIVERSITY 

School  for  Graduate  Nurses 

The     following     one-year     certificate 

courses      are     offered     to     graduate 

nurses : 

TEACHING  AND 

SUPERVISION    IN    SCHOOLS 

OF   NURSING 

PUBLIC    HEALTH    NURSING 

ADMINISTRATION   IN 

HOSPITALS    AND    SCHOOLS 

OF   NURSING 

ADMINISTRATION  AND 

SUPERVISION 

IN  PUBLIC  HEALTH 

NURSING 

For  information  apply  to: 

School    for    Graduate    Nurses 
McGill   University,   Montreal. 


ROYAL  VICTORIA  HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL  OF  NURSING 

MONTREAL 

Courses  for  Graduate  Nurses 

(DA  three-months  course  is  offered 
in  Obstetrical  Nursing.  (2)  A  two- 
months  course  is  offered  in  Gyne- 
cological Nursing.  For  further 
information  apply  to  Miss  Caroline 
Barrett,  R.N.,  Supervisor,  Women's 
Pavilion,  Royal  Victoria  Hospital. 


(3)  A  course  in  operating  room 
technique  and  management  is  of- 
fered to  nurses  with  graduate  ex- 
perience in  operating  room   work. 

(4)  Courses  are  also  offered  in 
medical  nursing;  surgical  nursing; 
nursing  in  diseases  of  the  eye,  ear, 
nose  and  throat;  nursing  in  uro- 
logy. For  further  information  apply 
to  Miss  F.  Munroe,  R.N.,  Superin- 
tendent of  Nurses,  Royal  Victoria 
Hospital. 


McCill  School  for  Graduate 
Nurses  offers  Special  Course 

The  war  situation  has  brought  about  an 
urgent  need  for  qualified  supervisors  in  the 
public  health  nursing  field.  In  view  of  this 
emergency,  and  the  fact  that  public  health 
nursing  organizations  cannot  release  a  suf- 
ficient number  of  their  staff  nurses  for  a 
full  year  of  post-graduate  work,  the  McGill 
University  School  for  Graduate  Nurses  is 
offering  a  four-months  course  in  Adminis- 
tration and  Supervision  in  Public  Health 
Xursing. 

Xurses  who  complete  this  course  success- 
fully will  have  the  privilege  of  returning 
to  the  University  within  a  reasonable  time 
for  a  further  four-month  period  to  complete 
the  requirements  for  the  certificate  in  Ad- 
ministration and  Supervision  in  Public 
Health  Nursing.  Those  who.  by  reason  of 
the  positions  which  they  must  fill,  would 
benefit  by  the  course,  are  eligible  for  ad- 
mission to  the  four-months  course  without 
credit,  but  those  who  wish  to  secure  the 
certificate  in  Administration  and  Supervision 
in  Public  Health  Nursing  later  must  hold 
a  certificate  in  Public  Health  Nursing. 

The  course  will  be  given  during  the  first 
term  of  the  Session  1942-43,  and  students 
will  be  required  to  register  by  September 
30th,  1942.  In  view  of  the  short  time  re- 
maining before  that  date,  anyone  interested 
should  secure  the  necessary  application  forms 
at  once  from  the  Secretary,  School  for  Grad- 
uate Nurses,  3466  University  Street,  Mont- 
real. The  cost  of  tuition  and  maintenance 
for  the  four-months  course  will  be  approxi- 
mately $400.  The  attention  of  candidates 
who  require  some  financial  assistance  is  di- 
rected to  the  fact  that  the  W.  K.  Kellogg 
Foundation  has  granted  funds  to  this  School 
for  the  purpose  of  aiding  nurses  to  secure 
post-graduate  preparation.  This  assistance 
amounts  to  a  loan  of  $300,  interest  free  for 
three  years,  in  addition  to  a  grant  of  $100, 
that  is  to  say,  $400  in  all.  Application  should 
be  made  to  the  Secretary,  School  for  Grad- 
uate Nurses,  3466  University  Street,  Mon- 
treal, Quebec. 


Vol.  38,  No.  9 


SEPTEMBER,   1942 


601 


The   Canadian   N 


urse 


Registered   at    Ottawa,    Canada,    as   second    class    matter. 

Editor  and  Butiness  Manager: 
ETHEL  JOHNS,   Reg.  N.,   1411   Crescent  Street,  Montreal,   P.Q. 


CONTENTS  FOR  SEPTEMBER,  1942 


The  Grant  from  the  Federal  Government 

"If  I  HAD  ONLY  KNOWN  _  _  _  -  - 

The  President's  Address      _         -         -         -         - 

Nursing  Today  —  An  Adventure  _         _         _ 

The  Role  of  American  Nurses  in  Winning  the  War  - 
In  Praise  of  Famous  Women         _         _         _         - 
The  Significance  of  the  Joint  Conference     - 
Report  of  the  Emergency  Nursing  Adviser    - 
Safeguards  to  Nursing  —  Present  and  Future 
School  of  Nursing  Records  _         _         _         - 

Uniformity  in  Examination  for  Registration - 
Postgraduate  Clinical  Experience        _         _         _ 
Modernizing  the  Manual  on  Home  Nursing  - 
Teaching  Material  for  First  Aid  Instruction 
The  Administrative  Problem         _         _         _         _ 

Clinical  Teaching  and  Supervision        _         _         _ 
Preparation  for  the  General  Practice  of  Nursing 
Staff  Education         ------ 

The  Head  Nurse  as  Clinical  Teacher  -         -         - 


C. 


M.  Lindeburgh 
E.  Williamson 
G.  M.  Fairley 

-  E.  J.  Taylor 

-  J.  C.  Slimson 
Malcolm  MacDonald 

-  K.  Russell 

-  K.W.  Ehis 
M.  Lindeburgh 

R.  Thompson 

-  -      M.  Gibson 

-  M.     B.  Anderson 

-  R.  Chittick 

-  -         M.  Kerr 

-  N.  Mackenzie 
-M.J.  Wilson 

-  -        M.  Baker 

-  -     M.  Jenkins 

-  M.  J.  Denniston 


Correlation  of  Classroom  Teaching  and  Clinical  Experience    -       E.  Allder 


Report  of  the  Public  Health  Section  -         -         - 
Rapport  de  la  Section  d'Hygiene  Publique,  A.R.N.P.Q. 
Report  of  the  Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing  Section 
General  Nursing  Section   ----- 
The  General  Staff  Nurse  -         _         _         - 

Health  Insurance  and  Nursing  Service 
National  Joint  Committee  on  the  Enrolment  of  Nurses 
National  Voluntary  War  Services  Advisory  Committee 
Syllabus  for  Training  Voluntary  Aid  Detachments 
Ward  Aides  and  Helpers    ----- 
Exchange  of  Nurses  Committee  -         -         -         - 
Committee  on  History  of  Nursing  in  Canada 
Committee  on  Eight-Hour  Duty  -         -         -         - 
Notes  from  the  National  Office  _         _         - 

Report  of  the  Executive  Secretary  of  the  C.N.A. 
Summary  of  Provincial  Reports 


-  M.  E.  Kerr 
A.  Martineau 

M.  B.  Anderson 

M.  Baker 

M.    J.    Lusted 

-  A.  Ahem 

-  J.  E.  Browne 

-  F.  Munroe 
M.  B.  Anderson 

-  E.  Mallory 

-  M.  K.  Holt 
M.  S.  Matheivson 

-  K.  W.  Ellis 


607 

609 

612 

614 

623 

629 

633 

636 

650 

654 

656 

659 

661 

661 

663 

666 

668 

671 

675 

684 

688 

696 

698 

700 

703 

706 

711 

713 

714 

715 

717 

718 

720 

723 

723 

72S 


Subscription  Price:   $2.00  per  year;  foreign  and  United  States  of  America,  $2.50;  20  cents  a  copy. 

Cheques   and   money   orders   should   be   made   payable   to   The    Canadian   Nurse.  When   remitting   by 

cheque    15    cents   should   be   added   to   cover   exchange. 

Please  address  all  correspondence  to: 
Editor,   The  Canadian  Nurse,   1411    Crescent  Street,   Montreal,   P.Q. 


^602 


Vol.  38.  No.  9 


t«^ 


^» 


^6\* 


60t»»' 


SEPTEMBER.   1947 


603 


Reader's  Guide 


Under  this  caption  we  usually  offer 
chatty  little  items  about  the  people  who 
have  written  the  articles  in  the  current 
issue.  But  this  month  you  are  confronted 
with  a  whole  page  of  solid  type  which 
may  seem  a  bit  forbidding.  What  we  are 
trying  to  do  is  to  pull  this  whole  "spe- 
cial convention  number"  together — m 
other  words  to  integrate  it.  We  fear 
that  frivolous  readers  will  leave  us  right 
at  this  point.  But  earnest  souls  who  have 
the  fortitude  to  stay  the  course  may  find 
that  this  particular  Reader's  Guide  serves 
as  a  sort  of  a  road  map  to  show  where  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association  is  going 
and  why. 

If  you  would  like  to  get  a  rough 
idea  of  the  principal  trends  we  suggest 
that  the  report  of  the  Emergency  Nurs- 
ing Adviser,  Kathleen  W.  Ellis,  is  re- 
quired reading  and  should  be  tackled 
first.  It  sets  forth  ten  brief  recommenda- 
tions which,  when  carried  out  in  terms 
of  action,  will  extend  the  scope  and  in- 
crease the  value  of  every  branch  of 
nursing  service.  There  is  nothing  acade- 
mic about  these  recommendations  nor 
are  they  merely  wishful  thinking.  Many 
of  them  are  already  being  put  into  prac- 
tice and  the  principles  upon  which  they 
are  based  are  applicable  in  most  situa- 
tions. 

Now  you  will  be  ready  to  explore 
ways  and  means  whereby  nursing  educa- 
tion may  be  so  directed  that  it  will  pre- 
pare nurses  to  rise  to  the  level  of  their 
present  opportunities.  Read  Marion  Lin- 
deburgh's  address  on  "Safeguards  to 
.  Nursing"  and  then  go  on  with  the  series 
of  addresses  directly  related  to  it.  Ruth 
Thompson  tells  of  the  work  of  the 
committee  which  made  a  study  of  rec- 
ords and  Miriam  Gibson  presents  a 
somewhat  disquieting  picture  of  the 
present  state  of  examinations  for  registra- 
tion. Blanche  Anderson  points  out  the 
need   for  better  standards  in   post-gra- 


£04 


duate  courses.  Rae  Chittick  and  Mar- 
garet Kerr  tell  of  what  has  been  done 
to  improve  the  teaching  of  first  aid.  No- 
rena  Mackenzie  discusses  the  administra- 
tive aspects  of  the  problem,  and  M.  Jean 
Wilson  offers  some  suggestions  about 
clinical  teaching  and  supervision.  Made- 
lene  Baker  rounded  out  this  excellent 
series  with  a  clear-cut  exposition  of  the 
educational  aspects  of  the  general  prac- 
tice of  nursing. 

The  excellent  material  on  clinical 
teaching  presented  by  the  Hospital  and 
School  of  Nursing  Section  is  arranged  in 
sequence.  Marjorie  Jenkins  leads  off 
with  staff  education  and  Elsie  Allder  fol- 
lows with  correlation  of  classroom  teach- 
ing and  clinical  experience.  Margaret 
Denniston  gave  a  vivid  picture  of  the 
head  nurse  as  a  teacher  and  admirable 
contributions  to  the  various  aspects  of  the 
discussion  were  given  by  Marion  Myers, 
Mary  Macfarland,  Sister  St.  Albert  and 
Sister  Denise  Lefebvre.  The  important 
studies  make  by  the  Public  Health  Sec- 
tion should  not  be  overlooked  and  be 
sure  to  read  what  Helen  Lusted  had  to 
say  about  the  general  staff  nurse. 

Here  we  are  almost  at  the  bof^om  of 
the  page  and  not  a  word  about  the  in- 
spiring addresses  given  by  the  Hon,  Mal- 
colm MacDonald,  Miss  Taylor,  and 
Miss  Julia  Stimson.  We  left  them  out 
purposely  because  we  know  that  you  will 
turn  to  them  first  of  all. 

There  are  many  other  good  things 
in  this  issue  that  you  should  not  overlook 
or  neglect,  among  them  the  reports  of  in- 
numerable committees  which  carry  on 
indispensable  routine  work.  Not  long 
ago,  a  harassed  nurse  asked  us  to  tell  her 
"what  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association 
is  all  about".  This  special  convention 
number  of  the  Journal  is  dedicated  to 
her.  We  think  it  answers  her  question. 

-E.J. 

Vol.  ?«,  No.  9 


THE    BiSoDoL    COMPANY 


WALKERVILLE,    ONTARIO 


SEPTEMBER,    1942 


605 


If  patients  in  your  hospital  are  laxative-shy — and  a  good 
many   undoubtedly   are  —  give   them    Para-Syllia.    This 
pleasant-acting  mechanical   laxative  —  although  it   con- 
tains 80  %  heavy  mineral  oil  —  is  entirely  free  from  the 
disagreeable,  oily  taste  so  many  patients  find  objection- 
able.    Instead,    Para-Syllia    has    a    delicate,    appealing      ' 
flavor  that  is  acceptable  to  children  and  adults  alike.  Because 
its   mineral  oil   base  is   finely   emulsified,   Para-Syllia  mixes 
intimately  with  intestinal  contents,  producing  a  soft,  formed 
stool  and  minimizing  embarrassing  leakage.  An  additional  advan- 
tage  of   Para-Syllia  is   that  it   may   be   mixed,   if   desired,   with 
liquids  or  solid  foods.  Since  it  contains  no  sugar,  Para-Syllia  is  a 
desirable  laxative   for   diabetics   suffering   from   chronic   intestinal 
stasis.  For  more  obstinate  cases  of  constipation,   Para-Syllia  with 
Phenolphthalein,  each  tablespoonful  containing  approximately  %  gr.        i 
of  phenolphthalein,  is  recommended.  Both  are  supplied  in  12-ounce  3 

wide-mouth  bottles.  Abbott.  Laboratories,  Ltd.,  Montreal.  ^ 


Para-Syllia 


606 


Vol.  38.  No.  9 


CANADIAN   NURSE 

A     MONTHLY     JOURNAL     FOR     THE     NURSES     OF     CANADA 

PUBLISHED     BY     THE     CANADIAN     NURSES     ASSOCIATION 

VOLUME  THIRTY-EIGHT  NUMBER  NINE 

SEPTEMBER,  1942 


The  Grant  from  the  Federal  Government 


The  last  issue  of  the  Journal  con- 
tained the  heartening  news  that  a  grant 
of  $115,000.  has  been  made  by  the 
Federal  Government  for  the  fiscal  year 
of  1942-43.  It  is  now  possible  to  give 
further  information  regarding  the  grant. 
The  allotment  and  purposes  for  which 
the  grant  is  to  be  used  are  stated  as: 

(a)  An  amount  not  exceeding  fif- 
teen thousand  dollars  to  assist  the  Cana- 
dian Nurses  Association  to  promote  re- 
cruitment of  student  nurses  and  to  par- 
ticipate in  the  carrying  out  of  the  pro- 
gramme set  forth  hereunder  and  other 
ancillary  services; 

(b)  An  amount  not  exceeding  se- 
venty-five thousand  dollars  to  provide 
facilities  for  the  tuition  of  teachers,  su- 
pervisors and  administrators  in  schools 
of  nursing  which  require  assistance  in 
the  education  of  an  increased  registra- 
tion of  student  nurses;  payments  to  be 
made,  on  the  approval  of  the  Director 
of  Public  Health  Services,  to  the  Cana- 
dian   Nurses    Association    for   allocation 

SEPTEMBER.  1942 


to  hospitals  or  other  teaching  institutions; 

(c)  An  amount  not  exceeding  twen- 
ty-five thousand  dollars  to  provide  scho- 
larships for  graduate  nurses  who  are 
deemed  by  the  Canadian  Nurses  Asso- 
ciation to  be  promising  material  for  edu- 
cation as  teachers,  supervisors  and  ad- 
ministrators. 

The  further  interpretation  by  the  Di- 
rector of  Public  Health  Services  states 
that  the  sum  of  fifteen  thousand  dollars 
granted  to  the  Canadian  Nurses  Asso- 
ciation may  be  used  to  support  the  work 
of  the  Emergency  Nursing  Adviser,  in- 
cluding the  cost  of  salary,  travelling  ex- 
penses (from  date  of  appointment)  and 
special  projects  such  as  national  publicity, 
etc. ;  also  to  the  expenses  of  additional 
secretarial  assistance  in  the  National  Of- 
fice, as  necessary  for  the  administration 
of  the  fund  and  for  other  administrative 
purposes. 

The  Director  of  Public  Health  Serv- 
ices indicated  that  the  twenty-five  thou- 
sand dollars  2:rantedJ«4|b4iijrsaries  is  to 


607 


608 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


be  allocated  by  the  Canadian  Nurses 
Association  to  graduate  nurses  for  post- 
graduate work,  and  finally  that  the 
amount  of  seventy-five  thousand  dollars 
is  to  be  allocated  to  the  nine  provinces 
for  the  following  purposes: 

( 1 )  To  assist  a  limited  number  of 
selected  schools  of  nursing  to  improve 
existing  teaching  facilities  and  to  add  to 
teaching  personnel  when  necessary,  in 
order  to  make  a  temforary  increase  in 
student  enrolment. 

(2)  To  assist  public  health  nursing 
organizations  in  providing  additional 
educational  facilities  and  the  necessary 
increased  teaching  personnel  to  give  in- 
struction and  supervision  to  an  increased 
number  of  student  nurses. 

(3)  To  provide  for  a  travelling  in- 
structor in  areas  in  which  this  would 
seem  most  desirable  for  the  purpose  of 
assisting  schools  of  nursing  in  their  edu- 
cational programme  for  students  and 
graduates. 

(4)  To  provide  additional  teaching 
personnel  in  hospitals  offering  post-grad- 
uate experience,  to  prepare  graduate 
nurses  for  teaching,  supervision  and  ad- 
ministration in  special  hospital  depart- 
ments and  the  public  health  field. 

(5)  To  support  schools  of  nursing 
in  Universities,  by  providing  additional 
personnel  to  assist  in  carrying  out  ef- 
fectively their  educational  programmes 
for  a  larger  enrolment  of  students  and 
graduates. 

It  is  important  to  note  that  the  grant 
is  to  be  spent,  on  the  recommendation 
of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association,  to 
improve  existing  teaching  facilities  and 
to  increase  teaching  personnel  in  public 
health  nursing  and  other  teaching  or- 
ganizations and  in  approved  schools  of 
nursing,  with  a  view  to  increasing  stu- 
dent enrolment  and  protecting  stand- 
ards. 

The  plan  of  procedure  for  the  ex- 
penditure of  the  grants  allocated  to  each 


province  will  include  the  submission  of 
a  statement  by  each  provincial  associa- 
tion of  registered  nurses  to  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association,  outlining  the  pur- 
poses and  amounts  for  which  the  money 
allocated  to  them  will  be  used.  Before 
being  put  into  effect,  it  will  be  neces- 
sary for  the  plans  to  be  endorsed  by  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association  and  ap- 
proved by  the  Director  of  National  Pub- 
lic Health  Services.  Payments  will  be 
made  to  the  provinces  through  the  Cana- 
dian Nurses  Association  quarterly,  or 
as  required.  The  maintenance  of  de- 
tailed accounts,  including  receipts  for 
all  expenditures,  will  be  the  responsibility 
of  each  provincial  association  of  regis- 
tered nurses. 

On  or  after  the  30th  day  of  April 
1943,  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association 
will  be  required  to  furnish  to  the  Min- 
ister of  the  Department  of  Pensions 
and  National  Health  a  detailed  statement 
of  all  disbursements. 

The  responsibility  of  formulating  pol- 
icies and  administering  the  grant  has 
been  delegated  to  a  committee  composed 
of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association  with  the 
addition  of  the  following  members  of 
the  original  committee  appointed  to  ap- 
proach the  Federal  Government:  Misses 
E.  Smellie,  E.  Johns  and  K.  W.  Ellis. 
A  sub-committee  (with  power  to  add 
to  its  numbers)  composed  of  the  na- 
tional officers  of  the  Canadian  Nurses 
Association  has  been  appointed  to  deal 
directly  with  the  Government  in  regard 
to  the  grant  and  to  take  action  on  urgent 
matters  when  necessary. 

In  order  that  this  money  may  be  used 
to  the  greatest  advantage,  the  provincial 
associations  have  been  requested  to  make 
an  immediate  analysis  of  nursing  needs 
in  their  resp>ective  provinces  according 
to  the  purposes  outlined.  The  Emer- 
gency Nursing  Adviser  will  be  available 
for  purposes  of  consultation  and  advice 


Vol.  38,  No.  9 


IF    I    HAD    ONLY    KNOWN 


609 


either  through  correspondence  or  per- 
sonal visits. 

Several  methods  of  determining  the 
amounts  to  be  allocated  to  each  Prov- 
ince are  now  under  consideration  by  the 
Director  of  Public  Health  Services.  It 
is  possible  that  before  this  issue  of  the 
Journal  appears,  that  his  decision  w^ill 
have  been  announced. 

It  is  realized  that  no  sum,  however 
large,  could  possibly  meet  all  legitimate 
demands  that  exist  at  this  time,  but  it 
is  hoped  that  this  grant  will  encourage 
provincial  associations  of  registered 
nurses  to  appeal  to  provincial  govern- 
ments for  further  financial  support  to 
meet  other  outstanding  needs  arising  out 
of  the  present  crisis. 


The  acceptance  of  this  grant  involves 
a  responsibility  that  it  is  hoped  every 
nurse  will  accept.  Participation  in  the 
bursaries  offers  a  challenge  to  a  number 
of  nurses  to  prepare  themselves  for  more 
advanced  work  and  leadership.  For  a 
vivid  interpretation  of  the  values  of  post- 
graduate courses  readers  are  recom- 
mended to  turn  to  the  personal  exper- 
iences so  delightfully  portrayed  in  the 
following  article,  written  by  Elizabeth 
Williamson,  and  entitled  "If  I  had  only 
known ! " 

Marion  Lindeburgh, 

Presidenty 

Canadian  Nurses  Association 


\\ 


If  I  had  only  known  .  .  . 

C.  Elizabeth  Williamson 


// 


Do  you  want  to  go  to  University? 
We  say  you  do!  Let  us  introduce  our- 
selves. We  are  the  1942  class  of  post- 
graduate students  in  the  course  in  teach- 
ing and  supervision  at  the  University  of 
Toronto  School  of  Nursing.  We  are  a 
group  of  twenty-nijie  hale  and  hearty 
nursing  enthusiasts  glowing  from  the 
experience  and  contacts  of  a  glorious 
post-graduate  year.  We  have  had  a 
grand  time,  we  are  wiser,  happie"*,  and 
we  trust  more  broadened  in  our  outlook 
and  we  are  so  keen  to  tell  the  world  of 
our  great  adventure  along  the  road  to 
knowledge  and  leadership  in  the  field  of 
nursing  that  we  are  offering  you  a  taste 
of  our  university  life  and  experiences. 
We  are  really  sneaking  up  on  you  for 
that  taste  is  insidious,  once  you  have 
experienced  one  sweet  morsel  you  are 
going  to  want  more  —  we  know  you 
will! 


Now,  let  us  introduce  you.  You  are 
one  of  the  group  of  "If  I  had  only 
known  .  .  ."  You  are  graduate  nurses, 
recent  and  past,  you  are  the  would-be 
graduate  of  tomorrow;  you  are  the 
young  graduate  of  today,  the  nurse  who 
took  part  in  graduation  exercises  in  this, 
the  third  year  of  our  second  Great  War. 
You  are  one  of  the  hundreds  of  nurses 
who  heard  the  official,  dignified,  plat- 
form appeal  for  you  to  consider  enrol- 
ling in  post-graduate  work  at  universities. 
You  are  the  nurse  who  has  been  asked 
to  qualify  herself  so  that  you  can  help 
fill  the  ranks  of  our  trained,  specially 
prepared  public  health,  hospital,  and 
nursing  school  staff  posts. 

Do  you  have  to  be  brilliant  to  join 
our  ranks?  You  do  not  —  look  at  us! 
We  are  just  normal,  average,  everyday 
nurses  with  a  sound  educational  back- 
ground and  the  desire  to  progress  and 


SEPTEMBER,   1942 


610 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


serve.  We  are  registered  in  our  pro- 
vince and  graduates  of  accredited  nurs- 
ing schools.  Schools  in  Canada?  No, 
schools  throughout  the  world.  We  boast 
amongst  our  ranks  inspiring  students 
from  the  Philippines  who  have  war- 
ranted our  admiration,  respect  and 
friendship.  We  have  a  beloved  Chinese 
student,  engaging  brilliant  coluored  citi- 
zens of  our  good  neighbour  to  the  south 
and — we  hate  to  disillusion  you — but 
Brazil  does  not  produce  just  nuts!  An 
abundant  western  harvest  has  enabled  us 
to  enrich  our  store  of  friendship  and 
knowledge  and  we  of  the  middle  and 
eastern  provinces  are  proud  and  thrilled 
to  have  had  the  opportunity  to  observe 
and  benefit  from  the  fine  type  of  grad- 
uates our  Western  nursing  schools  pro- 
duce. 

Are  you,  who  have  not  done  concen- 
trated academic  work  for  some  years, 
or  you  who  have  just  finished  a  stren- 
uous three  year  nursing  course,  going  to 
find  it  too  difficult  to  develop  that  all- 
essential  study  habit?  You  are  not  — 
we  did  not!  Why?  Because  within  the 
first  few  days  of  this  new  life  psycholog- 
ically informed  pedagogists  reveal  the  se- 
cret to  success  —  the  correct  approach 
to  learning.  We  read  and  heard  how 
to  develop  good  study  habits  and  good 
study  methods  and,  most  amazing  of 
all,  we  found  on  apphcation  that  theory 
can  be  put  into  advantageous  practice! 
Did  you  know  that  an  adult's  attention 
span  is  but  fifteen  minutes  in  length  and 
that  an  understanding  leader  actually 
invites  you  to  move  about  if  you  feel 
that  the  drone  of  the  lecturer's  voice  is 
drawing  you  into  the  arms  of  Mor- 
pheus? Did  you  know  that  you  are  able 
to  find  time  to  study  and  a  place  to  study 
even  if  you  do  share  a  room  with 
friends?  Yes,  we  found  at  our  disposal 
an  excellent,  well-equipped  library  where 
we  were  able  to  exercise  our  powers  of 
concentration    dav   or   nig;ht.    Most   im- 


portant of  all,  we  found  an  understand- 
ing staff  who  appreciated  our  study  dif- 
ficulties, weaknesses  and  problems  and 
guided  and  advised  us  over  the  plateaus 
of  learning. 

What  will  you  do  in  a  university 
\ear?  We  will  tell  you.  You  will  suc- 
cessfully cope  with  a  minimum  of  five 
subjects  if  you  wish  to  secure  that  com- 
pletion certificate.  You  will  probably 
tackle  several  other  topics  from  the  group 
of  options  presented  to  you  and  you 
will  probably  think  that  your  choice  was 
the  best  and  hardest  —  we  thought  so! 
You  will  be  rejuvenated  at  the  weekly 
midterm  seminar;  you  will  agonize, 
orate,  marvel  at  your  recovery  and  revel 
at  having  once  again  overcome  that 
"gone,"  pit  of  the  stomach,  sensation 
which  you  experienced  as  a  raw  student 
during  those  long  past  probation  days 
and  you  will  love  it! 

.During  your  year  you  will  do  as  we 
did.  You  will  visit  hospitals,  industries, 
schools,  homes,  and  institutions  of  in- 
terest and  of  benefit  to  you  professional- 
ly. Some  of  you  will  thrill  with  your  first 
practice  teaching  while  still  others  will 
haunt  home,  hospital  and  nursing  schools 
in  order  to  seek  advice  and  to  give  ad- 
vice, to  learn  to  teach,  to  acquire  confi- 
dence and  to  inspire  confidence  —  it 
is  a  grand  game  of  give  and  take. 

Yes,  you  will  develop  mentally,  mo- 
rally, physically  and  socially  for  you  are 
under  the  guidance  of  professional 
leaders.  When  you  again  read  that  ad- 
mirable address  entitled  "The  Funda- 
mentals of  Professional  Leadership" 
which  was  presented  by  Miss  Marion 
Lindeburgh  and  published  in  the  June 
issue  of  The  Canadian  NursCy  you  will 
note  with  marked  interest  certain  state- 
ments and  you  will  realize,  as  we  do, 
that  although  many  great  captains  have 
gone  from  the  ship  and  left  the  compass 
and  sextant  in  our  hands  they  have  not 
done  so  in  vain.  We  nurses  do  possess 


Vol.  38,  No.  9 


IF    I    HAD    ONLY    K  N  O  W  N 


611 


a  faith  and  we  have  got  leaders  in  our 
midst  to  show  us  the  way  in  time  of 
crisis  and  stress.  Yes,  we  have  the  lead- 
ers, we  have  worked  with  some  and 
we  have  played  with  them  too  and  we 
want  you  to  do  the  same.  We,  the  Class 
of  1942,  wanted  to  take  advantage  of 
experienced  hands  that  can  help  us  mold 
the  person  within  the  nurse  so  that  we 
in  the  future  can  go  forth  to  lead  those 
who  are  yet  to  come. 

What  else  can  we  tell  you?  We  could 
tell  you  that  no  matter  how  conscientious 
you  are  you  will  probably  skip  at  least 
one  lecture  for  the  lark  of  it  —  but  we 
should  not!  We  could  tell  you  that  it 
won't  matter  in  the  least  if  you  register 
in  one  course  and  your  best  friend  re- 
gisters in  another  for  you  will  see  each 
other  anyway.  Of  course,  everybody 
mixes.  We  play  together,  talk  together, 
yes,  and  gossip  together  too! 

What  was  that?  Do  we  think  you 
will  find  the  question  of  financing  too 
great  a  problem  in  these  days  of  stress? 
No,  we  do  not!  Where  there  is  a  will 
there  is  a  way.  We  suggest  that  you 
set  a  goal,  decide  the  year,  the  course, 
the  school  in  which  you  wish  to  enroll 
and,  once  having  an  ultimate  objective 
in  view,  work  and  save  towards  that 
end.  Enquire  of  the  superintendent  of 
your  hospital  school,  speak  to  the  presi- 
dent of  your  alumnae  Association  about 
the  substantial  financial  assistance  now 
being  offered  to  post-graduate  students; 
consider  the  loan  fund  of  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association  and  ask  about  the 
scholarships  being  offered  by  provincial 
nursing  associations.  Find  out  about  the 
loans  the  Victorian  Order  of  Nurses 
of  Canada  make  to  members  of  their 
staff  who  wish  to  undertake  further 
post-graduate  work.  Then  too,  your 
University  School  will  probably  give  you 
the  opportunity  to  earn  a  little  extra  by 
offering  you  small  tasks  to  do  through- 
out your  academic  year.  Would  work- 


ing mean  that  your  studies  would  suf- 
fer? Psychologists  have  proved  thait  the 
student  who  does  a  moderate  amount  of 
ou^^side  work  is  quite  often  further  ahead 
in  the  long  run  and  you  won't  be  asked 
or  advised  to  do  too  much.  Will  you 
have  fun  visiting  campus  rendezvous 
where  you  can  buy  a  lunch  for  twenty 
or  twenty-five  cents  —  you  certainly 
will! 

Finally,  let  us  consider  one  of  the 
greatest  questions  of  all.  Will  you  be 
serving  your  King,  Country  and  Pro- 
fession to  the  best  of  your  ability  if  you 
undertake  a  university  post-graduate 
nursing  course  during  these  war-torn 
years?  Yes,  we  think  you  will.  Why? 
Because,  at  present,  Canada  is  in  dire 
need  of  specially  trained  nurse  leaders, 
leaders  who  are  able  to  guide,  teach, 
advise  and  serve.  Our  civilian  popula- 
tion must  be  guarded  and  cared  for  and 
our  students  must  be  prepared  ably  and 
bravely  to  face  present  and  post-war 
days.  If  you  have  the  ability,  qualifica- 
tions and  desire  to  lead,  you  should  pre- 
pare yourself  to  do  so,  you  are  needed! 
Remember,  nursing  history  was  made 
during  the  Crimean  War,  and  we  be- 
lieve that  nursing  history  is  in  the  mak- 
ing today.  We  spent  a  year  on  one 
flank  of  the  professional  front  line,  don't 
you  want  to  too?  That's  right,  you  do! 

Now,  let  us  look  back  —  who  are 
we?  We  are  still  a  group  of  university 
post-graduate  nursing  students,  but  who 
are  you?  You  are  the  nurses  who  make 
up  the  classes  of  1943,  1944,  1945. 
You  are  not  one  of  the  group  of  "if 
I  had  only  known"  you  are  a  member 
of  that  class  of  "now  I  do  know"  .  .  . 
and  you  are  going  to  join  us  at  our 
University  Nursing  School  Alumnae 
meetings  in  the  not  too  far  distant  fu- 
ture. You  are  going  to  make  history  and 
you  are  going  to  lead!  Do  you  want  to 
go  to  university  ?  We  say  you  do ! 


SEPTEMBER.   1942 


A  Word  of  Explanation 


In  accordance  with  the  precedent  es- 

tabh'shed  in  1940,  the  September  issue 
of  the  Journal  immediately  following 
the  Biennial  Meeting  of  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association  takes  the  form  of 
"the  special  convention  number"  which 
is  now  before  you.  In  the  original  plan, 
the  leading  article  was  to  have  served 
as  an  introduction  to  the  general  con- 
tent. But  the  grand  news  about  the 
Grant  from  the  Federal  Government 
naturally  demands  priority.  Pride  of 
place  was  gladly  yielded  to  the  Pres- 
ident of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Associa- 
tion   and    to    the    strikingly    appropriate 


appeal,  "If  I  had  only  known  .  .  .".  The 
spontaneity  and  sincerity  of  this  chal- 
lenge fitted  in  so  admirably  with  what 
the  President  had  to  say  that  we  just 
had  to  find  space  for  it  before  tackling 
the  mass  of  material  arising  out  of  the 
Biennial  Meeting.  But  from  this  point 
onwards,  the  Journal  takes  on  its  proper 
character  of  the  "special  convention 
number".  We  couldn't  bear  to  throw 
away  our  carefully  planned  introduction 
so,  if  you  would  like  to  have  a  look 
at  it,  you  will  find  it  under  the  caption 
of  Reader's  Guide. — E.  J. 


The  President's  Address 


Grace  M.  Fairley 


Would  that  I  had  the  ability  to  ex- 
press to  you,  or  give  to  you  a  true  pic- 
ture of  the  activities  of  the  Association 
since  last  we  met.  Of  necessity,  any 
theme  I  might  choose  for  this  biennial 
report  would  be  "Service" — service  to 
the  community  and  service  to  the  Do- 
minion. 

At  the  close  of  the  Convention  in 
Calgary  you  wisely  granted  wide  powers 
to  the  incoming  Executive,  realizing 
that  a  country  at  war  was  likely  to  make 
great  demands  on  all  health  services. 
These  demands  have  been  made  on  this 
Association,  and  its  members,  indivi- 
dually and  collectively,  have  responded, 
whether  by  actual  nursing  service,  or, 
as  in  the  case  of  your  executive,  by  a 
sincere  effort  to  further  the  cause  of 
Nursing  which  today  is  fraught  with 
many  problems.  The  cry  from  each 
province  is  shortage  of  nurses  and  turn- 
over of  personnel  which  is  threatening 


the  very  stabihty  of  the  services  we  are 
endeavouring  to  maintain.  From  some 
quarters  also,  we  hear  of  a  falling  off 
of  recruits,  and  that  naturally  causes 
anxiety.  Our  responsibility  lies  further 
ahead  than  today  or  the  duration  of  war 
— it  must  give  assurance  of  our  share 
in  the  health  programme  of  the  Do- 
minion three,  five,  ten  years  from  now 
— hence  our  responsibility  for  recruit- 
ment. 

There  have  been  six  Executive  meet- 
ings and  four  special  meetings.  These 
were  called  to  deal  with  specific  matters, 
and  I  would  be  remiss,  indeed,  if  I 
failed  to  tell  you  of  the  support  your 
provincial  representatives  on  the  Execu- 
tive as  well  as  the  officers  have  given 
^\\t  Association  during  these  difficult 
but  epoch-making  months. 

You  may  remember  that  we  sent  a 
message  of  loyalty  to  the  Prime  Minister 
and   the    Minister   of   Health    from   the 


612 


Vol.  38,  No.  9 


THE    PRESIDENT'S    ADDRESS 


613 


General  Meeting  at  Calgary,  and  I  am 
convinced  that  the  sincerity  of  purpose 
with  which  we  faced  these  two  years 
has  helped  us  over  many  a  rugged  path, 
for  rugged,  indeed,  they  have  been! 
Outstanding  in  the  Association's  efforts 
to  meet  its  responsibilities  and  obligations 
was  the  establishment  of  a  relief  fund 
for  British  Civilian  nurses.  This  will  be 
reported  in  detail,  but  I  know  you  will 
be  happy  to  learn  that  we  have  con- 
tacted the  Australian  Nurses'  Associa- 
tion requesting  that  they  let  us  know  if 
there  is  any  need  of  interned  or  im- 
prisoned nurses  on  the  Eastern  front 
that  is  not  being  met.  Also,  through 
the  Red  Cross,  parcels  have  been  sent 
to  Hong  Kong  and  Singapore  with  the 
hope  that  they  may  reach  some  of  our 
sisters  there. 

The  conference  of  the  Executive 
with  the  heads  of  Nursing  Departments 
in  Canadian  Universities  led  to  the  ap- 
pointment of  an  Emergency  Nursing 
Adviser  and  to  an  approach  to  the  Gov- 
ernment for  financial  aid.  These  meas- 
ures will  both  be  reported  upon  later, 
but  they  were  efforts  of  real  magnitude, 
and  if  we  are  unable  so  far  to  announce 
the  success  of  the  latter,  we  are  able 
to  say  wif^hout  question  that  the  appoint- 
ment of  a  National  Emergency  Nursing 
Adviser  was  not  only  timely  but  has 
proved  to  be  most  satisfactory,  and,  I 
am  sure,  the  Provincial  Associations  will 
agree,  is  also  far-reaching.  I  would 
like  to  refer  specially  to  that  conference. 
It  was  fully  reported  at  the  time  in  our 
Journal,  but  in  all  the  years  since  our 
Canadian  Universities  opened  their 
doors  to  the  nursing  profession,  this  is 
the  first  time  that  such  a  conference 
has  taken  place  and  we  sincerely  hope 
it  is  the  forerunner  of  many. 

A  year  ago  I  was  fortunate  in  ar- 
ranging a  conference  with  the  President 
of  the  International  Council  of  Nurses 


and  the  President  of  the  American 
Nurses  Association,  which  we  found 
mutually  helpful.  At  the  invitation  of 
the  President  of  the  American  Nurses 
Association,  Miss  Johns  was  appointed 
an  official  representative  from  Canada 
on  the  Nursing  Council  on  National 
Defense,  now  known  as  the  National 
Nursing  Council  for  War  Service.  This 
courtesy  —  quite  spon^'aneous  and  un- 
asked— has  meant  a  great  deal  to  us 
who  are  experiencing  national  problems 
so  similar  to  those  of  our  professional 
sisters  to  the  South.  Miss  Johns  will 
report  on  the  activities  of  this  Commit- 
tee, as  will  also  Miss  Ellis  who  rep- 
resented your  President  officially  at  the 
Biennial  Convention  of  the  three  Amer- 
ican nursing  organizations  held  recently 
in  Chicago.  It  is  almost  impossible  to 
find  words  to  express  the  cordial  rela- 
tionship that  exists  wii'h  the  American 
Nurses  Association  and  the  courtesies 
extended  to  your  officers  by  that  organ- 
ization, and  I  want  to  take  this  oppor- 
tunity of  expressing  our  appreciation. 

In  handing  over  the  gavel  of  office, 
as  I  will  do  at  the  completion  of  this 
meeting,  I  want  you  to  know  that  in  all 
humility  I  acknowledge  my  indebted- 
ness to  the  officers  and  executive  offi- 
cials for  the  tremendous  support  they 
have  given  me  during  my  entire  term 
of  office,  but  more  especially  these  past 
two  years.  Miss  Lindeburgh  is  as  sorry 
as  I  that  our  first  vice-president,  Miss 
Smellie,  found  it  necessary  to  let  me 
know  that  she  could  not  take  office 
again  and,  on  the  other  hand.  Miss 
Smellie  is  as  conscious  as  I  of  the  tre- 
mendous amount  of  work  that  Miss 
Lindeburgh  as  second  vice-president  has 
given  to  this  Association  quite  apart 
from  her  chairmanship  of  the  Commit- 
tee on  Nursing  Education  which  in  it- 
self is  a  full-time  job. 


SEPTEMBER.   1942 


Nursing  Today— An  Adventure 


Effie  J.  Taylor 
President,  Interna jonal  Council  of  Nurses 


It  is  again  my  privilege  to  be  with 
you,  my  own  countrywomen,  at  another 
biennial  convention.  I  share  with  Miss 
Stimson,  the  third-time  elected  president 
of  the  American  Nurses  Association,  the 
honor  of  bringing  to  you  greetings  from 
the  nurse  educators  of  the  country  of 
my  adoption,  at  a  time  when  our 
countries  are  joined  together  for  the  at- 
tainment of  a  great  purpose  based  upon 
a  profound  principle:  "The  right  to 
make  the  world  itself  at  last  free." 

We,  the  American  and  Canadian 
nurses,  allied  together,  must  do  our 
part,  through  the  use  of  our  professional 
skill  and  our  spiritual  concept:,  to  find 
the  way  to  make  a  sick  world  well.  The 
world  is  sick  today  only  because  it  has, 
in  the  words  of  Edmund  Burke,  failed 
to  realize  that  ".  .  .  liberty,  such  as  de- 
serves the  name  ...  is  an  honest,  equit- 
able, diffusive,  and  impartial  principle. 
It  is  a  great  and  enlarged  virtue  and 
not  a  sordid,  selfish,  and  illiberal  vice. 
It  is  the  portion  of  the  mass  of  the 
citizens  and  not  the  haughty  license  of 
some  potent  individual  or  some  predo- 
minant faction." 

I  have  the  temerity  to  link  these 
thoughts  with  nursing,  since  I  come  to 
you  also  as  the  official  representative  of 
the  International  Council  of  Nurses, 
whose  purpose  is  set  forth  in  the  pre- 
amble to  the  Constitution,  as  follows: 

We  nurses,  representing  various  nations  of 
the  world,  sincerely  believing  that  the  pro- 
fession of  nursing  will  be  advanced  by 
greater  unity  of  thought,  sympathy  and  pur- 
pose, do  hereby  unite  in  a  federation  of 
associations  of  trained  nurses  to  improve 
our  work  in  the  service  of  the  sick,  to  pro- 
mote the  health  of  the  nations,  and  to  secure 

614 


the  honor   and   the   interest   of   the   nursing 
profession. 

You  will  note  that  this  refers  not 
alone  to  Great  Britain,  France,  Ger- 
many, Canada,  or  to  the  United  States, 
but  to  nursing  throughout  the  world. 

We  have  written  down  the  Constitution — 
a  Constitution  pregnant  with,  and  powerful 
for  good — but  we  have  to  make  that  Consti- 
tution live,  and  to  do  this  we  must  inspire 
it  with  the  vital  force  of  a  fine,  purposeful 
spirit.  In  a  society  which  would  be  world- 
wide, which  would  include  members  of  every 
race  and  creed,  we  must,  while  maintaining 
inviolate  certain  broad,  general  principles, 
which  form  our  common  bond  of  union, 
permit,  nay  foster,  individually  in  detail, 
authorizing  each  country  to  apply  these 
principles  in  a  manner  best  suited  to  its  own 
needs. 

Such  were  the  ideals  expressed  by 
Mrs.  Bedford  Fenwick,  Founder  and 
President  of  the  International  Coun- 
cil of  Nurses  at  its  first  convention, 
an  adven^'ure  for  nursing,  held  in  Buf- 
falo in  1901.  In  1939,  at  the  last 
meeting  of  the  Board  of  Directors,  held 
in  London,  thirty-one  national  nursing 
associations  bound  thus  in  international 
unity,  comprised  the  active  membership. 

I  have  the  honor  to  salute  my  col- 
leagues of  the  Canadian  Nurses  As- 
sociation, one  of  the  oldest  and  most 
active  units  in  this  great  federation  of 
almost  500,000  professional  nurses,  in- 
habiting every  continent  of  the  world. 
Although  these  numbers  express  them- 
selves in  divers  tongues,  they  are  bound 
together  by  ties  more  vital  than  lan- 
guage and  national  tradition.  These 
ties  of  human  service  even  a  war-torn 
world  has  not  found  it  possible  to  sever. 

Vol.  38.  No.  9 


NURSING    TODAY 


615 


Due  to  a  lack  of  appreciation  on  the 
part  of  some  controlling  bodies,  that 
"government  is  a  trust  and  the  officers 
of  a  government  are  trustees  and  both 
the  trust  and  the  trustees  are  created  for 
the  benefit  of  the  people",  some  of  our 
most  useful  and  active  national  organ- 
izations are  not  now  permitted  by  their 
governments  to  function  in  accord  with 
the  organization  of  the  Council.  In  the 
face  of  these  restrictions,  the  women  in 
these  organizations  are  devoting  their 
lives  and  their  resources  to  the  welfare 
of  their  fellow  men  and  women,  with- 
out respect  to  race  or  creed,  biding  the 
time  when  it  will  again  be  the  function 
of  government,  in  the  words  of  Glad- 
stone, "to  make  it  easy  for  people  to  do 
good  and  difficult  for  them  to  do  evil." 

Because  of  the  responsibilities  which 
Canadian  and  American  nurses  have 
assumed  for  the  preservation  of  the  inte- 
grity of  the  International  Council  of 
Nurses,  they  are  today  even  more  close- 
ly joined  together.  Here  on  a  con- 
tinent, with  no  political  barriers,  we 
dwell  in  harmony  and  peace,  holding 
sacred  our  privilege  of  living  and  work- 
ing together. 

In  the  fall  of  1939,  when  England 
entered  the  War,  it  was  deemed  ad- 
visable to  transfer  the  International 
Headquarters  to  the  United  States.  Since 
the  exchange  of  money  became  such  a 
complicated  procedure,  the  American 
Nurses  Association  deposited  its  dues  to 
the  Council  in  a  separate  account  in 
New  York,  and  through  this  means 
assumed  responsibility  for  the  financial 
upkeep  of  the  Council's  activities.  By 
official  arrangement,  money  can  be 
drawn  from  this  account  upon  the  re- 
quest of  the  president,  and  the  business 
of  the  Council,  now  greatly  curtailed, 
has  been  carried  on  efficiently.  The 
Canadian  Nurses  Association  has  of- 
fered to  assume  similar  financial  res- 
ponsibility if,  at  any  time,  the  American 

SEPTEMBER,   1942 


Nurses  Association  should  find  the 
present  arrangement  too  great  a  burden. 
All  of  the  member  organizations  have 
been  requested  to  hold  their  dues  within 
their  own  countries  until  such  time  as 
peace  shall  come  again. 

You  will  no  doubt  recall  that  in  the 
year  1941,  the  ninth  quadrennial  con- 
gress was  to  have  been  held  in  the 
United  States.  Obviously,  the  plans 
could  not  be  consummated.  Because 
our  task  today  keeps  every  nurse  at  her 
post,  within  sound  of  her  own  call  to 
duty,  the  joy  and  inspiration,  which 
comes  from  personal  and  visible  con- 
tacts, must  be  relinquished  and  our 
souls  must  commune  in  silence  and  at  a 
distance,  substituting  as  far  as  is  pos- 
sible, the  transference  of  ideals  and  sym- 
pathies by  means  of  the  written  word. 
From  the  majority  of  our  member 
countries,  the  lapses  within  the  postal 
service  grow  longer  and  longer  and  our 
anxiety  for  the  security  of  many  of  our 
friends  has  been  considerably  increased. 

May  we  reverently  pause  at  this 
moment  to  pay  tribute  to  Miss  Jean 
Gunn,  our  beloved  sister  and  friend. 
Miss  Gunn,  for  many  years,  was  the 
first  vice-president  of  the  International 
Council  of  Nurses.  In  this  capacity, 
she  was  the  reliable  confident  and  ad- 
viser of  the  president  during  the  dif- 
ficult ordeal  of  moving  the  business  of 
the  In<"ernational  offices  from  England 
to  the  United  States.  No  greater  loss 
could  have  come  to  the  Council  than 
that  which  was  sustained  when  she 
"finished  her  course"  and  was  relieved 
of  the  earthly  tasks  so  conscientiously, 
efficiently,  and,  in  spite  of  physical  pain, 
so  generously  assumed.  Her  quiet 
dignity,  together  with  her  keen  sense  of 
humor,  won  for  her  the  admiration  and 
confidence  of  her  associates,  and  by  all 
who  knew  her,  she  was  dearly  loved. 

At  meetings  of  the  Grand  Council 
or    Board    of    Directors,    Miss    Gunn's 


616 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


clear  and  logical  mind  gathered  to- 
gether the  wandering  thoughts  of 
others,  and  she  presented  the  crucial 
points  in  form  for  discussion  and  there- 
by for  making  decisions.  Her  opinions 
were  respected  and  her  judgment  relied 
upon  when  technical  and  administrative 
questions  awaited  solution.  It  is  our 
belief  that  her  transference  of  spirit 
could  have  meant  but  joy  to  her,  since 
her  life  had  been  lived  to  serve  the  pur- 
pose of  God  in  His  infinite  plan  for 
the  service  of  mankind.  To  her  friends 
her  passing  has  left  a  deep  and  lonely 
void,  which  time  can  fill  but  slowly. 

Miss  Grace  Fairley,  your  own  re- 
spected and  much  loved  president,  is  the 
third  vice-president  of  the  Council,  and 
to  the  president  and  members  she  is  a 
most  sympathetic,  dependable,  respon- 
sive co-worker  and  friend.  Miss  Fairley 
in  Canada  and  Miss  Stimson  in  the 
United  States,  have  been  towers  of 
strength  during  this  changing  period,  so 
vital  in  nursing  history.  At  the  present 
time,  Great  Britain  and  our  own  two 
countries  must  carry  the  burden,  and 
methinks  it  is  not  too  soon  to  be  plan- 
ning for  the  day  when  peace  will  come 
and,  to  our  sisters  abroad,  we  will  open 
our  doors  in  these  two  countries  which 
we  pray  may  be  saved  from  devastation 
and  destruction. 

Some  time  ago,  when  several  of  the 
National  Nursing  Associations  in  Eu- 
rope were  asked  how  we  in  America 
could  best  help  nurses  in  the  other  con- 
tinents, they  invariably  replied:  "Make 
it  possible  for  our  young  instructors,  ad- 
ministrators, and  public  health  workers 
to  come  to  your  schools  and  universities, 
and  assist  them  in  preparing  for  the  al- 
most insurmountable  task  which  lies 
ahead."  It  is  obvious  that  they  have 
little  time  now  for  any  advanced  study 
and  will  need  scholarships  and  help  of 
every  kind  from  us  who  have  so  much 
to  give.  This  is  our  challenge  and  our 


response  will  provide  another  adventure 
for  nursing. 

Chief  Justice  Holmes  has  stated  that 
"continuity  with  the  past  is  not  a  duty 
but  a  necessity".  The  relation  of  this 
thought  to  our  own  profession  caused 
my  mind  to  dwell  on  the  story  of  the 
beginning  of  nursing  in  this  country,, 
three  hundred  years  ago,  when  a  beauti- 
ful young  woman,  brave  in  spirit  and 
convincing  in  personality,  set  foot  on 
the  shores  of  what  was  then  character- 
ized as  "the  new  world."  Jeanne 
Mance,  endowed  with  unusual  courage 
and  a  keen  and  intelligent  mind,  had  a; 
profound  belief  in  the  mission  which, 
voluntarily,  she  had  undertaken.  The 
social,  religious,  and  economic  welfare, 
and  the  health  of  the  people  with  whom 
she  had  chosen  to  live  and  to  work,, 
were  her  greatest  concern.  She  began- 
her  career  with  faith  in  her  ultimate- 
achievement.  Although  frail  in  body, 
she  was  strong  in  spirit  and  undismayed 
by  the  obstacles  with  which  she  was 
beset.  She  organized  her  activities  with 
the  insight  and  forethought  of  a  gen- 
eral, and  difficulties  only  served  to- 
stimulate  her  to  greater  action. 

As  we  look  back  three  hundred  years,, 
we  naturally  expect  to  find  conditions 
entirely  different  from  what  they  are 
today.  They  were  essentially  different 
since  the  colony  was  new,  small,  and 
surrounded  by  tribes  of  Indians,  most 
whom  were  primitive,  barbaric,  cruel, 
and  altogether  unfriendly  to  the  new 
settlers.  After  three  centuries  have  pas- 
sed into  history,  it  is  with  a  deep  sense  of 
concern  that  we  find  the  nations  of  the 
earth  still  engaged  in  warfare  and  in 
struggle  against  each  other.  Although 
three  hundred  years,  filled  with  the 
greatest  opportunities  for  human  de- 
velopment, have  elapsed,  we  find  the  in- 
ventions of  science  and  education 
turned  to  the  destruction  of  men,  and 
much  of  the  earth,  which  God  created 

Vol.  38,  No.  » 


NURSING    TODAY 


617 


beautiful  to  look  upon,  now  in  a  state 
of  devastation  and  ruin. 

We  are  aware  that  the  conditions 
were  different  in  the  seventeenth  cen- 
tury. In  Canada,  those  were  pioneer 
days,  and  hospitals,  schools,  churches 
and  other  social  institutions  for  the 
security  of  human  lives,  were  not  estab- 
lished. Warfare  was  a  common  means 
of  settling  differences.  Today  there 
has  been  provided  every  means  known 
to  civilized  and  progressive  nations  for 
the  protection  of  their  people  from  ag- 
gressive and  barbarous  interference. 
But,  in  too  manv  of  our  international 
relationships,  the  basic  ingredient  seems 
yet  to  be  lacking. 

We  mav  have  forgotten  that,  as 
enunciated  bv  a  great  philosopher 
"Truth  cannot  be  put  on  and  taken  off 
at  will;  it  must  be  lived."  And  he  tells 
us  "We  ought  to  learn  that  it  is  not 
■easy  for  a  man  to  form  a  principle  of 
acHon,  unless  he  daily  speaks  and  bears 
the  same  things  and,  at  the  same  time, 
accommodates  them  to  the  use  of  daily 
life."  We  state  with  some  assurance 
and  with  pride  that  we  are  at  war  in 
the  defense  of  democracy,  but  demo- 
cracy itself,  simply  in  principle,  will  not 
free  the  world  from  the  terrors  and 
fears  under  which  we  and  other  nations 
are  living.  We  must  formulate  a  more 
generous  concept  of  life  which  actually 
will  give  to  all  the  peoples  of  the  world, 
of  every  race  and  religion,  the  right  to 
h've  and  express  their  spiritual  selves  in 
relation  to  their  conscience. 

Says  Rabbi  Silver,  "Our  age  needs 
a  form  of  good  which  will  not  only 
tolerate  differences  but  which  will  glad- 
ly use  them  for  the  enrichment  of  race." 
To  live  daily  a  democratic  life  with  love 
towards  one's  neighbor,  is  to  emphasize 
(and  here  indeed,  the  nurse  and  the 
teacher,  as  well  as  the  parent,  have  lead- 
ing roles  to  play)  that  "There  is  no 
wealth  but  life  .  .  .  that  we  learn  what 


we  do  truly  live  and  thenceforth  live 
what  we  have  learned;  that  accordingly 
we  who  work  with  the  young  must  help 
them  to  live,  each  one  on  the  higliest 
level  possible  of  attainment  at  his  age. 
For  in  the  degree  that  one  lives  on  a 
high  level  now,  in  like  degree  does  he 
build  this  height  into  his  character, 
where  along  with  the  rest  already  there, 
it  serves  to  determine  the  level  of  future 
living.  And  in  seeking  these  things, 
we  labor  not  as  those  who  have  no  hope. 
Our  children  will  learn  what  they  live, 
and  they  will  then  live  what  they  learn. 
Our  task  is  that  they  shall  truly  live." 

The  func^'ion  of  nurses  as  teachers  of 
the  yoimg  and  old  as  well,  cannot  be 
given  too  great  an  emphasis.  Jeanne 
Mance,  our  heroine  of  this  conference, 
was  a  teacher  as  well  as  a  nurse,  as  was 
also  Florence  Nightingale,  and  other 
certain  great  women  of  our  profession. 
Such  women  had  cultured  minds  and 
brought  to  the  profession  fine  ideals  of 
personal  life,  as  well  as  high  technical 
standards  for  work.  Nurses  today  are 
battling  in  the  very  front  lines  for  pro- 
gress in  human  achievement,  at  home 
and  abroad.  Not  less  are  they  fulfilling 
their  obligations  to  preserve  the  lives  of 
our  fighting  forces.  Therefore  the  in- 
fluence which  they  can  wield  may  well 
be  conceived  as  of  overwhelming  signifi- 
cance in  its  far-reaching  effect.  The 
value  of  such  work  cannot  be  weighed; 
neither  can  it  be  measured  in  material 
terms. 

At  no  previous  time  has  the  selection 
and  education  of  students  for  nursing 
carried  so  much  meaning  as  now.  What 
a  great  adventure  is  nursing  today! 
Never  before  in  its  history  has  it  been 
fraught  with  so  many  and  withal  such 
serious  obligations  and  so  many  oppor- 
tunities. Perchance  under  well-mean- 
ing misconceptions  and  short-sighted 
vision,  errors  may  be  made  in  the  educa- 
tion  of  incoming  students  through   the 


SEPTEMBER,   1942 


618 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


translation  of  the  needs  of  the  imme- 
diate into  the  ultimate  function  of  the 
School  of  Nursing.  In  a  time  such  as 
this,  confusion  of  mind  and  unrest  of 
spirit  cannot  be  avoided.  Nursing  is 
struggling  with  forces  the  like  of  which 
it  has  never  known.  It  must  comply 
with  all  immediate  needs  but  it  must 
also  look  beyond,  in  order  that  a  struc- 
ture may  be  built  which  will  stand  the 
exigencies  of  time.  One  longs  to  have 
the  power  to  look  into  the  future  and 
arrange  the  tangled  web  into  a  regular 
pattern  of  some  kind. 

Two  decades  and  more  ago,  we  of 
the  older  generation,  under  somewhat 
similar  conditions,  passed  through  an  ex- 
perience not  unlike  that  which  we  pro- 
fessionally face  today.  At  that  time,  in 
seeking  to  solve  the  urgent  problems 
and  needs,  but  with  not  sufficient  dis- 
cernment for  the  future,  it  may  appear 
that  we  forgot  to  preserve  certain 
fundamental  ideals  which  were  vital  to 
the  interest  of  future  generations  of 
nurses.  In  the  words  of  John  Buchan, 
it  may  be  that  we  nurses  are  "condem- 
ned to  fumble  in  these  times,  for  the 
mist  is  too  thick  to  see  far  down  the 
road."  We  are  conscious  that  we  must 
be  prepared  to  do  the  work  which  is 
ours  to  do  today,  but  surely  we  can 
meet  the  urgent  call  for  "nurses,  more 
nurses  and  good  nurses,"  without  sacri- 
ficing the  education  of  the  young 
women  who  are  being  recruited  into  our 
schools,  without  jeopardizing  their  pro- 
fessional future  and  curtailing  the  service 
they  must  be  trained  to  render  in  suc- 
ceeding years. 

For  the  past  few  years,  an  increasing 
amount  of  time  has  been  devoted  to  the 
study  of  the  content  and  organization 
of  curricula  for  nursing  schools.  While 
not  extensive,  some  research  has  been 
done  to  determine  what  portions  of  the 
existing  courses  of  study  are  basic  and 
essential    and    what    portions    might    be 


looked  upon  as  "frills",  non-essentials, 
or  belonging  in  the  realm  of  post-grad- 
uate work.  It  is  my  opinion  that  there 
would  be  very  little  disagreement  on 
the  part  of  those  engaged  in  the  educa- 
tion of  nurses  as  to  the  importance  of 
giving  to  every  nursing  student,  at 
least  a  basic  knowledge  of  the  biologic 
and  social  sciences  which  underlie  the 
art  and  science  of  nursing.  That  the 
necessary  content  has  been  provided 
cannot  be  determined  alone  by  the 
number  of  hours  allocated  to  any  course. 
The  content,  the  method  by  which  sub- 
jects are  taught  and  their  application 
to  the  field  of  nursing  are  of  greater 
significance  than  the  actual  number 
of  lectures  and  laboratory  hours.  The 
number  of  hours  devoted  to  a  course 
is  too  often  used  as  the  measure  by 
which  its  value  is  estimated,  without 
giving  sufficient  thought  to  more  vital 
criteria.  A  similar  comment  may  be 
made  in  evaluating  the  importance  of 
great  buildings  and  elaborate  equipment, 
forgetting  the  more  vital  factors  of 
libraries,  teachers,  and  the  students 
themselves,  and  how  they  are  trained 
to  make  use  of  the  opportunities  avail- 
able to  them.  Research  into  education 
has  not  revealed  that  the  worthwhile- 
ness  of  a  school  or  a  system  of  education 
can  be  made  on  external  factors  alone, 
interesting  and  useful  though  these 
may  be. 

We  are  facing  a  critical  situation  in 
the  preparation  of  personnel  to  meet 
the  emergencies  of  war.  Nursing  is  one 
of  the  professions  where  a  greatly  in- 
creased number  of  nurses  is  needed  now, 
and  more  will  be  needed  in  the  years 
to  come.  In  every  country,  in  times  like 
these,  there  are  those  who  clamor  for 
short  and  abridged  courses  for  nurses. 
There  are  others  who  insist  that  the 
need  will  be  met  by  lowering  the  en- 
trance and  age  requirements.  There 
are  others  who  advocate  that  only  the 


Vol.  38,  No.  9 


NURSING    TODAY 


619 


very  essential  techniques  and  skills 
should  be  taught  in  schools  of  nursing 
in  order  to  hasten  the  time  when  a 
greater  and  greater  number  of  nurses 
will  be  prepared  to  enter  voluntarily, 
or  perchance  be  drafted,  into  the  mili- 
tary organization.  The  thought  which 
is  often  voiced  is  that  after  the  war  is 
over  these  young  women  will  return 
to  the  schools  and  complete  the  work 
which  they  have  left  unfinished. 

Granting  the  fact  that  numbers  are 
required,  it  is  not  enough,  even  for  the 
care  of  patients  in  this  most  critical  time, 
that  nurses  so  young  and  inadequately 
prepared,  should  be  given  such  great 
responsibility.  It  is  not  enough  that 
they  be  trained  only  in  the  skillful  use 
of  their  hands  and  to  carry  out  orders 
routinely.  It  is  not  enough  that  they 
learn  the  elementary  aspects  of  medical 
and  surgical  nursing  ajid  be  then  sent 
forth  to  take  their  places  in  a  dis- 
jointed world,  where  principles  of  right 
and  justice  are  struggling  to  find  the 
means  to  live  and  be  made  to  work.  It 
is  not  enough  that  the  daily  needs  of 
patients  be  speedily  met  unless  there  is 
insured  to  the  student  an  understand- 
ing of  the  more  important  factors  which 
enter  into  the  total  life  of  the  sick  patient 
and  his  family.  It  is  not  enough  to 
learn  the  technique  of  giving  physical 
care  to  the  adult  in  order  to  be  trained 
to  go  forth  more  quickly  into  military 
service.  All  of  these  techniques  are 
valuable  and  speed  today  is  of  the  ut- 
most importance,  but  there  is  an  art  and 
a  science  which  must  underlie  every 
educational  program  to  be  worthy  of 
the  name,  and  this  educational  prepara- 
tion for  such  important  nursing  service, 
must  not  be  done  by  half.  It  must  in- 
clude not  only  the  care  of  the  adult 
medical  and  surgical  patient  but  the 
care  of  mothers  and  children,  who  will 
be  watching  at  home  and  subject  to 
strain    and    anxiety,    the   like    of   which 


they  have  never  before  endured.  As- 
surance of  safety  and  security  for  his 
family  is  important  to  the  man  at  the 
front  when  his  loved  ones  are  left  at 
home  without  his  protection  and  care. 

It  would,  no  doubt,  be  easier  to  pro- 
vide for  the  immediate  by  mortgaging 
the  future  of  student  nurses,  but  should 
this  be  done,  other  groups  of  workers, 
with  a  longer  vision,  will  take  advantage 
of  the  present  emergency  and  they  will 
be  prepared  to  take  the  leadership  which 
nurses  should  be  equipped  to  take  in  the 
great  task  of  assisting  the  people  of  the 
world  back  to  healthful  and  normal 
living.  We  must  seek  for  a  way  to 
maintain  a  just  balance  in  providing  for 
the  immediate  needs  and  also  those  of 
the  future.  Neither  should  suffer  if  our 
minds  are  alert  and  our  insight  is  keen. 
For  fifty  years  and  more,  we  have  had 
experiences  which  teach  us  that  the  care 
of  the  sick  demands  a  certain  amount 
of  maturity  and  judgment  and  that  a 
background  of  good  general  education 
and  culture  is  essential  to  giving  intel- 
ligent and  satisfactory  service  to  the  sick 
wherever  they  may  be. 

Nurses,  without  question,  feel  that 
their  first  responsibility  is  to  assist  in 
winning  the  war  but  they  must  meet 
their  obligations  without  wrecking  that 
which  it  would  be  difficult  to  restore. 
None  of  us  know  all  of  the  answers  but 
with  intelligent  and  orderly  thinking, 
devoid  of  unnecessary  hysteria,  the  ex- 
periences through  which  we  are  passing 
should  serve  a  constructive  purpose. 
Nursing  after  the  war  will  never  be 
exactly  the  same  as  it  has  been  in  the 
past.  Life  itself  will  not  be  developed 
exactly  in  the  same  old  broken  molds, 
nor  would  we  wish  that  it  should  be. 
Let  us  hope,  at  least,  that  the  self-satis- 
faction which  has  accompanied  this 
materialistic  era,  in  nurses,  as  well  as  in 
others,  will  vanish,  and  life  be  enriched 
by  a  deeper  awareness  that  the  qualities 

Vol.  38,  No.  9 


620 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


of  the  spirit  must  not  be  forgotten  in 
seeking  to  develop  the  more  tangible 
physicial    and    intellectual    disciplines. 

In  any  system  of  education  under- 
taken for  the  preparation  of  nurses,  it  is 
not  the  function  of  educators  to  strive 
to  make  all  conform  to  one  pattern,  or 
to  subject  students,  as  it  were,  to  laws 
and  control  which  have  as  their  objec- 
tive the  production  of  a  standard  type. 
The  art  of  nursing  must  be  interpreted 
in  many  ways  and  we  must  use  the 
material  which  is  provided  in  science, 
literature,  and  history  for  the  purpose 
of  forming  certain  ideals  and  to  give  a 
new  and  meaningful  significance  to  the 
facts  of  every  day  living,  for  nursing 
is  related  to  the  life  of  every  day.  This 
fact  is  obvious  since  nurses  have  a  bond 
of  sympathy  and  understanding,  no 
ma*:ter  what  language  they  speak  nor 
from  what  country  they  may  have 
come.  No  bond  of  union  or  understand- 
ing is  as  secure  as  service  carried  for- 
ward in  the  everyday  walks  of  life. 

It  has  been  said  of  general  education, 
and  this  again  is  equally  applicable  to 
nursing  education,  that  "We  tend  in 
life  to  seek  the  easiest  wa)'.  Thinking 
and  adjusting  to  our  conclusions  re- 
quires time  and  great  concentrated  ef- 
fort. The  impatience  with  which  the 
average  human  being  today  demands 
results,  whether  they  be  complete  or 
temporary,  handicaps  them  in  their  pur- 
suit of  ideals  and  the  achievement  of 
perfection.  Steady  and  patient  seeking 
for  spiritual  and  mental  development  is 
not  the  fashion  today.  The  desire  for 
rapid  accomplishment  and  spectacular 
crises  is,  by  our  present  social  order, 
fostered  and  encouraged  .  .  .  the  build- 
ing of  character  is  too  often  forgotten 
or  is  omit^'ed  in  our  concepts  of  true 
education  and  is  not  linked  with  the 
accumulation  of  knowledge,  which  is 
only  a  small  part  of  the  real  function 
of  education." 


Wc  are  free  in  this  country  to  think,, 
to  forward  the  education  of  our  youth 
and  to  worship  as  we  desire,  but  this 
knowledge  and  privilege  must  make  us 
more  keenly  aware  that  during  certain 
periods  of  liberty,  something  frequently 
happens  to  people,  and  in  the  moment 
of  greatest  need  they  may  not  be  quite 
ready  to  meet  the  challenge  with  which 
they  are  confronted.  What  curious 
minds  have  we  when  our  points  of  view 
can  be  so  easily  distorted  that  we 
either  completely  ignore  what  goes  on 
about  us  or  we  revert  to  hysterical  and 
primitive  thinking.  In  one  of  President 
Roosevelt's  messages  to  Congress,  he 
said:  "Much  of  trouble  in  our  lifetime 
has  sprung  from  a  long  period  of  inac- 
tion, from  ignoring  what  fundamen'^ally 
was  happening  to  us,  and  from  a  time 
showing  unwillingness  to  face  facts  as 
they  forced  themselves  upon  us." 

Those  of  us  conversant  with  the 
present  generation  of  young  people,  not 
only  in  nursing  schools  but  in  colleges 
and  in  the  world  outside  our  professional 
schools,  are  impressed  with  the  serious- 
ness with  which  they  deal  with  the 
social  and  economic  questions  which 
touch  their  o\yn  and  the  lives  of  others. 
They  think  constructively,  they  have 
confidence  and  jx)ise,  and  are  not  easily 
diverted  from  the  opinions  which  they 
have  formed.  They  are  able  to  think 
for  themselves  and  there  is  little  to  fear 
concerning  their  lack  of  ability  to  take 
up  the  threads  of  life  when  the  leaders 
of  today  have  given  all  that  they  have  to 
contribute.  There  are,  however,  cer- 
tain fundamental  values  in  education  to 
which,  as  their  teachers,  we  must  hold. 
This  war  will  some  day  be  over,  please 
God  it  may  be  soon,  and  a  great  new 
work  for  nurses  will  then  begin. 
Leadership  of  the  most  constructive  kind 
will  be  required  in  every  part  of  the 
world.  Not  all  students,  it  is  true,  who 
enter  schools  of  nursine  will  be  called 


Vol.  38,  No.  9 


NURSING    TODAY 


621 


upon  to  lead;    to  be  a  good  follower  is 
equally  important. 

Nursing  has  never  carried  a  greater 
appeal  to  young  college  women  than 
it  is  carrying  today.  It  is  assuredly  an 
adventure  which  should  be  carried  far 
and  wide,  not  only  into  our  secondary 
schools  but  into  our  colleges  and  uni- 
versities. No  longer  can  the  education 
of  nurses  be  confined  within  ii"s  old  and 
rigid  limits.  Its  function  has  spread 
beyond  the  demands  of  a  hospital  or  the 
confines  of  any  particular  institution. 
These  functions  will  continue  to  grow 
and  therefore  a  new  plan  must  be 
created,  the  better  to  meet  the  needs. 
Thus  new  life  and  vigor  will  be  given 
to  nursing  through  its  ever-widening  ac- 
tivities of  usefulness.  Only  when  these 
conditions  have  been  met  will  women 
who  have  enjoyed  the  experiences  of 
education  and  culture,  be  interested  in 
nursing  as  a  professional  career. 

Young  college  women  are  begging 
for  opportunity  to  be  truly  useful  and 
nursing  holds  one  of  the  greatest  appeals 
to  those  who  enjoy  association  with 
people.  Women  of  education  will  not 
enter  schools  of  nursing,  however,  if  the 
rudiments  of  nursing  are  looked  upon 
as  sufficient  to  prepare  them  for  its 
practice  even  though  we  know  that 
nursing  occupies  a  high  place  among 
professions  for  women  and  affords  a 
great  variety  of  opportunity  for  per- 
sonal satisfaction   and   for  usefulness. 

To  be  the  kind  of  nurse  the  world 
requires  and,  we  venture  to  prophesy, 
will  be  requiring  increasingly  in  the  fu- 
ture, she  must  learn  to  be  proficient  as 
a  teacher.  A  nurse  must  not  only  be 
expert  in  the  care  of  the  sick;  she  must 
as  well  be  an  exponent  of  the  laws  of 
health.  She  must  know,  and  be  able 
to  teach  the  principles  of  prevention. 
Mental,     physical,     spiritual,     and    en- 


vironmental factors  must  not  be  separ- 
ated in  her  concept  of  nursing,  for  the 
patient  is  a  human  being  with  a  rela- 
tionship to  other  human  beings  and  a 
member  and  a  citizen  of  a  community. 

It  is  more  incumbent  upon  us  than 
ever  before  to  study  critically  and  con- 
structively the  curricula  under  which 
we  are  working.  Since  time  is  an  im- 
portant factor  in  every  phase  of  life, 
there  is  no  place  for  either  the  duplica- 
tion of  content  or  of  effort.  We  should 
see  to  it  that  adequate  provision  is  made 
for  the  inclusion  in  the  nursing  curri- 
culum of  all  essential  knowledge  but 
good  use  should  be  made  of  every 
moment  and  no  unnecessary  repetition 
should  be  exacted.  First  things  should 
have  first  place  in  the  sequence  of  sub- 
jects, and  students  should  be  expected 
to  give  a  good  account  of  themselves. 
No  curriculum,  however  good,  can  pre- 
pare a  s'^udent  for  her  place  in  nursing 
unless  she  herself  makes  use  of  the  op- 
portunities. Upon  examination  of  the 
entire  program  of  study  it  may  be 
conceivable  that  some  of  our  cherished 
ideas  have  no  real  foundation.  Miss 
Nutting  once  told  me  that  when  I  found 
I  had  a  cherished  phrase  or  sentence 
which  I  wanted  to  bring  in  somewhere 
in  a  paper  or  speech,  I  had  better  omit 
it.  Any'"hing  which  has  real  meaning 
and  significance,  she  said,  will  find  its 
place   without   being   forced. 

The  purpose  of  any  curriculum  is  to 
set  a  guide  for  teaching.  It  provides 
for  an  assembling  of  important  knowl- 
edge with  which  students  should  be 
familiar  and  for  this  reason  is  a  guide 
for  students'  research  and  learning,  not 
less  than  for  that  of  teachers.  Close 
co-operation  and  conference  between 
faculty  members  would  diminish  greatly 
the  possibility  of  duplicating  content, 
particularly  in  lectures.  Without  too 
much    effort,    it    could    be    determined 


SEPTEMBER,   1942 


622 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


what    knowledge    has   been   covered   or 
will  be  covered  in  other  courses. 

Very  little  research  has  been  under- 
taken in  schools  of  nursing  to  determine 
in  how  far  the  recognition  of  individual 
differences  in  the  knowledge  and  ability 
of  students  can  be  given  consideration. 
Students  who  enter  the  school  of  nursing 
having  already  completed  a  somewhat 
comprehensive  course  in  one  or  more 
of  the  social  or  biologic  sciences  might 
very  well  be  given  some  time  credit  for 
the  course  if  in  all  respects  it  meets  the 
requirements.  Other  students,  if  bril- 
liant, might  have  the  opportunity  to 
complete  the  course  in  a  shorter  period 
of  time  if,  in  all  details,  their  work  were 
satisfactory.  To  hold  a  student  down 
to  a  lower  level  than  her  ability  places 
her  is  as  serious  an  error  in  education 
as  it  would  be  to  advance  her  too  rapid- 

ly. 

In  nursing  it  is  more  difficult  to  think 
in  terms  of  an  extensive  rearrangement 
of  the  program  of  study  on  aji  individual 
basis,  for  the  reason  that  part  of  a 
student's  education  is  gained  at  the  bed- 
side of  the  patient,  and  experience  of 
this  nature  demands  time  for  training 
in  skill,  in  observation,  and  in  judgment. 
It  is,  of  course,  aji  accepted  fact  that 
intellectual  achievement  and  motor  skill 
in  the  same  individual  are  not  always  on 
the  same  level.  Some  consideration, 
however,  for  individual  differences 
should  not  be  omitted  in  planning  the 
curriculum,  as  time  should  be  saved, 
whenever  this  is  possible  and  just,  in 
preparing  young  women  to  meet  the 
needs  of  the  country. 

To  adapt  the  words  of  a  great  reli- 
gious teacher,   the   nursing  world  is: 

A  world  teeming  with  problems  and  ad- 
venture, full  of  exhilarating,  challenging 
tasks  on  all  sides,  ignorance  to  be  eradicated^ 
disease  to  be  stamped  out,  a  whole  new  king- 


dom of  finer  human  values  to  be  established 
by  human  hands.  The  stout  of  heart  and 
the  strong  of  faith  need  never  want  for 
combat,  zest  and  romance  in  such  a  world. 
There  are  two  qualities  which  distinguish 
the  good  life — quality  of  service  and  the 
quality  of  adventure.  Goodness  finds  its 
objectives  not  in  ourselves  but  in  others.  It 
is  only  as  we  widen  the  circle  of  our  lives 
that  we  develop  into  spiritual  maturity  and 
taste  of  the  good  life.  The  full  and  free 
unfoldment  of  personality,  which  is  life's 
chief  goal,  is  impossible  without  projecting 
our  lives  into  the  lives  of  others  and  with- 
out linking  up  our  destiny  with  the  destiny 
of  the  advancing  life  of  the  whole  of  man- 
kind. 

These  ideals  are  inherent  in  all  nurs- 
ing and  have  been  set  forth  as  the  ob- 
jectives of  the  International  Council  of 
Nurses.  Its  reason  for  being  is  service 
to  humanity,  and  adventure  into  new 
avenues  of  usefulness  provides  its  inspira- 
tion. Truly,  we  are  at  one  in  believing 
that  we  nurses  should  do  our  part  to 
hasten  the  time  when  the  good  life  will 
prevail  for  every  individual  of  every 
nation  in  the  world.  May  I  leave  with 
you   these    beautiful   words   of  Tagore: 

Where  the  mind  is  without  fear  and 
the  head  is  held  high; 

Where  knowledge  is  jree ; 

Where  the  world  tjas  not  been  broken 
uf  into  fragments  by  narrow  domestic 
walls  ; 

Where  words  come  out  from  \}ie 
defth   of   truth; 

Where  tireless  striving  stretches  its 
arms  toward  perfection; 

Where  the  clear  stream  of  reason  has 
not  lost  its  way  into  :he  dreary  desert 
sand  of  dead  habit ; 

Where  the  mind  is  led  forward  by 
thee  in  ever-widening  thought  and  ac- 
tiony  Into  the  l^eaven  of  freedom^  my 
Father y  let  m,y  country  awake. 


Vol.  38.  No.  9 


The  Role  of  American  Nurses  in  Winning  the  War 


Julia   C.   Stimson 

President  J  American  Nurses  Association 


For  almost  a  year  I  have  been  look- 
ing forward  to  this  opportunity  of 
coming  to  bring  to  the  nurses  of  Can- 
ada greetings  from  their  sisters  in  the 
United  States.  There  are  many  bonds 
that  unite  us.  For  many  generations 
our  countries  have  had  only  the  friend- 
liest relations.  We  have  no  armed  bar- 
riers between  us.  We  are  geographic- 
ally so  close  we  can  understand  each 
other's  ways  of  life  and  thought.  We 
have  many  personal  friends  on  both  sides 
of  the  border.  And  now  we  are  uniting 
our  professional  efforts  to  meet  a  com- 
mon foe. 

Before  telling  you  of  our  war  pro- 
gram, while  we  happily  review  our 
common  interests,  we  are  glad  to  recall 
that  the  forerunner  of  the  American 
Nurses  Association  was  the  Associated 
Alumnae  of  the  United  States  and  Can- 
ada, organized  in  1896,  and  that  Cana- 
dian nurses  and  we  were  in  the  same 
organization  until  we  become  incor- 
porated in  1901.  It  was  then  that 
Canadian  nurses  withdrew  from  mem- 
bership because  the  law  of  the  state  of 
New  York,  under  which  the  associa- 
tion was  incorporated,  prohibited  mem- 
bers from  another  country.  And  it  is 
a  pleasant  thought  to  remember  that 
even  before  this  in  our  first  national 
nursing  organization,  the  American  So- 
ciety of  Superintendents  of  Training 
Schools  for  Nurses,  Canadian  nurses 
were  members.  Moreover,  we  are  par- 
ticularly proud  to  recall  that  in  1898  the 
President  of  the  Society  was  Miss  Mary 
Agnes  Snively.  Through  all  these  years 
we  have  been  colleagues  and  friends, 
and  now  as  everything  we  hold  dear  is 
endangered    we    are    standing    by   your 


side  determined  with  you  to  give  our 
utmost  against  the  brutal  forces  of  evil 
which  threaten  to  engulf  us.  We  fully 
realize  with  you  that  we  are  engaged 
in  a  life  and  death  struggle,  but  that 
with  the  combined  forces  of  the  United 
Nations  we  shall  win  if  we  exert  every 
effort  in  our  power,  not  only  as  nurses 
but  as  citizens.  And  so  it  strengthens 
our  hearts  and  fills  us  with  new  courage 
and  new  resolve  to  learn  how  Canadian 
nurses  are  organizing  and  directing  their 
resources  and  to  share  with  you  our  ex- 
perience and  efforts. 

We,  in  the  United  States,  have  ac- 
cepted seven  very  definite  duties  in  our 
war  service: 

To  secure  an  adequate  number  of  eligible 
registered  nurses  for  the  armed  forces. 

To  increase  greatly  the  number  of  out- 
standing young  women  in  our  good  schools 
of  nursing. 

To  bring  back  into  active  nursing  service, 
good  graduate  nurses  who  for  one  reason  or 
another  are  no  longer  engaged  in  nursing, 
persuading  them  first  to  attend  a  refresher 
course  to  bring  them  up  to  date  on  the 
latest  methods. 

To  persuade  thousands  of  non-nurse 
women  to  take  the  Volunteer  Nurse's  Aide 
Course. 

To  secure  a  vast  enrollment  of  citizens  in 
first  aid  courses. 

To  convince  mothers  of  families  and  other 
women  to  take  home  nursing  courses. 

To  secure  the  active  participation  of  every 
available  registered  nurse  in  civilian  defense 
activities. 

There  in  a  few  words  is  the  nucleus  of 
our  National  Nursing  Program. 

As  I  compare  what  we  are  doing 
with  what  you  here  in  Canada  are  en- 


SEPTEMBER,   1942 


623 


624 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


gaged  in,  I  can  see  some  ways  in  which 
you  have  a  great  advantage  over  us, 
and  some  ways  in  which  we,  perhaps, 
have  been  more  fortunate.  You,  I  un- 
derstand, have  but  one  professional  nur- 
sing organization,  the  Canadian  Nursi'S 
Association.  You  don't  know  how 
lucky  you  are  since  we  have  many,  and 
our  working  together  is  complicated  be- 
cause in  certain  situations  we  mav  du- 
plicate and  overlap.  Our  American 
Nurses  Association  is  the  largest,  with 
about  180,000  members.  This  is  com- 
posed of  48  state  nurses  associations,  and 
those  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  Ha- 
waii and  Puerto  Rico.  Then  we  have 
our  National  League  of  Nursing  Educa- 
tion which,  as  its  name  implies,  is  made 
up  of  nurse  educators  and  executives  in 
schools  of  nursing.  There  are  many 
State  Leagues.  Then  next  is  the  Na- 
tional Organization  for  Public  Health 
Nursing,  composed  of  public  health 
nurses  and  lay  members.  Then,  too, 
there  is  the  Association  of  Collegiate 
Schools  of  Nursing  a  small  group  made 
up  of  nurses  who  are  connected  with 
schools  of  nursing  that  are  on  a  college 
or  university  level.  Next  is  the  National 
Association  of  Colored  Graduate  Nurses 
and  finally,  the  American  Red  Cross 
Nursing  Service  and  all  the  govern- 
mental nursing  services  including  those 
of  the  Army  and  the  Navy,  the  U.  S. 
Public  Health  Service,  the  Veterans  Ad- 
ministration, the  Indian  Nursing  Serv- 
ice, and  the  Children's  Bureau. 

I  am  sure  that  I  have  made  you  dizzy 
recounting  all  these  organizations  and 
made  you  glad  that  you  do  not  have 
to  remember  them.  I'm  telling  you  of 
these  groups  merely  to  show  you  how 
complicated  and  difficult  it  was  for  us 
in  the  United  States  to  establish  a  uni- 
fied program.  We  have,  however,  or- 
ganized a  war  service  council,  the  Na- 
tional Nursing  Council  for  War  Service, 
w^hich  is  made  up  of  representatives  of 


all  these  organizations,  that  is  really  get- 
ting results  in  spite  of  our  complexities. 

Stimulation  for  the  organization  of 
the  Nursing  Council  in  July  1940  came 
from  the  American  Nurses  Association 
and,  until  the  employment  of  the  Execu- 
tive Secretary  for  the  Council  late  in 
1941,  the  work  of  the  Council  was 
centered  at  Headquarters  of  the  Amer- 
ican Nurses'  Association.  The  Associa- 
tion has  provided  certain  organization 
machinery  and  working  channels 
whereby  the  defense  and  war  programs 
for  nursing  throughout  the  United 
Sta<"es  have  carried  on.  In  this  war 
program  as  in  its  whole  history,  the 
plan  of  organization  and  the  program 
which  determine  its  activities  have 
proved  to  be  sound.  This  is  a  source 
of  satisfaction  to  all  of  us.  The  organ- 
ization of  the  Nursing  Council  on  Na- 
tional Defense  (now  the  National 
Nursing  Council  for  War  Service)  fol- 
lowed by  the  appointment  of  the  Federal 
Subcommittee  on  Nursing,  required  the 
establishment  of  effective  working  rela- 
tionships between  all  official  and  non- 
official  nursing  grouf>s  in  the  United 
States  and  this  has  required  constant 
study  and  evaluation,  in  order  that  the 
privileges,  functions,  and  responsibilities 
of  each  of  these  groups  might  be  pre- 
served and  the  resources  of  each  utilized 
to  the  fullest  extent. 

Over  everything  in  our  war  work 
is  a  committee  of  five  nurses,  appointed 
by  the  Federal  Government,  which  is 
called  the  Subcommittee  on  Nursing  of 
the  Office  of  Defence  Health  and  Wel- 
fare Services.  Just  to  give  you  a  little 
glimpse  into  our  overlappings  and  the 
problem  of  distinguishing  between  our 
objectives  and  our  duties,  take  me  as  an 
example:  I  was  appointed  as  an  indivi- 
dual, not  representing  anything,  as  one 
of  the  five  members  of  the  Federal  Sub- 
committee; then  I'm  Chairman  of  the 
National     Nursing     Council    for    War 


Vol.  38,  No.  9 


THE     ROLE     OF     AMERICAN     NURSES 


625 


Service;  President  of  the  American 
Nurses  Association;  a  member  of  the 
National  League  of  Nursing  Education 
and  of  the  National  Organization  for 
Public  Health  Nursing;  and  I  have  been 
an  enrolled  Red  Cross  nurse  since  I 
graduated  from  a  School  of  Nursing  and 
on  the  National  Red  Cross  Nursing 
Committee  for  many  years.  Then,  too, 
I'm  a  retired  member  of  the  Army 
Nurse  Corps.  Just  imagine  that  for 
complexities,  if  you  can.  Sometimes  I 
feel  like  the  entire  Dionne  quintuplets, 
not  to  mention  all  the  rest  of  the  family! 

Now  let's  go  back  a  minute  to  the 
Federal  Subcommittee  and  see  what  its 
job  is:  its  first  objective  is  to  know  the 
needs  for  military  and  civilian  nurses; 
secondly,  it  must  make  plans  to  meet 
those  needs  and,  third,  it  hopes  to  help 
correlate  the  nursing  activities  of  the 
United  Nations  in  postwar  planning  by 
protecting  and  promoting  professional 
standards.  The  program  of  the  Sub- 
committee is  to  observe  and  analyse 
nursing  needs  (based  on  a  national  sur- 
vey of  graduate  regis^'ered  nurses  that 
was  made  some  months  ago)  ;  to  allo- 
cate jobs  to  be  done;  to  review  the  pro- 
gress being  made  and,  if  necessary,  to 
ask  the  Government  to  take  over  acti- 
vities that  cannot  otherwise  be  put 
through;  and  to  publicize  the  whole 
program. 

You  can  see  that  this  is  the  overall 
planning  group.  When  the  Subcom- 
mittee says  the  second  part  of  its  pro- 
gram is  to  allocate  jobs  to  be  done,  that 
means  mainly  that  it  says  to  the  National 
Nursing  Council  for  War  Service,  vou 
do  this.  The  Council  is,  as  I  said  be- 
fore, made  up  of  representatives  of  the 
professional  nursing  organisations.  It 
has  an  office,  a  paid  executive  secretary, 
and  an  assistant;  a  secretarial  staff  and 
committees,  some  with  paid  secretaries. 

One    committee    is    for    recruitment    of 

SEPTEMBER,   1942 


Student  nurses  and  one  is  on  the  supply 
and  distribution  of  nurses;  another  com- 
mittee is  on  public  information.  An- 
other of  the  jobs  for  which  the  Council 
is  responsible  is  to  organize  State  and 
local  Nursing  Councils  for  War  Service 
with  which  the  National  Nursing  Coun- 
cil can  work  in  the  several  states. 

I  am  sure  that  by  this  time  you  are 
wondering  how  I  could  have  said,  as  I 
did  awhile  ago,  that  in  some  ways  we 
nurses  in  the  United  States  were  more 
fortunate  than  you.  You  certainly  can- 
not envy  us  our  complicated  organiza- 
tion. Well,  here  is  the  answer:  Nursing 
in  the  United  States  has  received  .-■•ome 
federal  funds  for  its  work.  For  the  first 
time  in  our  history,  Congress  appro- 
priated a  sum  of  money  to  help  certain 
approved  schools  of  nursing  increase  the 
number  of  students  they  could  admit. 
Last  year  $1,800,000  was  given  for  this 
purpose.  How  that  was  accomplished 
is  too  long  a  story  to  tell  now,  but  I'll 
say  it  was  largely  through  the  efforts 
of  a  Canadian-born  nurse,  one  of  our 
honored  leaders.  Miss  Isabel  M.  Stew- 
art, of  Teachers  College,  New  York, 
who  made  a  remarkable  study  of  the 
needs  and  costs,  and  worked  out  a  plan 
which  after  many  vicissitudes  was  ac- 
cepted. This  is  now  being  carried  out 
wi'^h  federal  funds  under  one  of  our 
governmental  agencies,  the  U.  S.  Public 
Health  Service,  through  which  this  past 
year  130  schools  of  nursing  benefited 
and  which,  we  hope,  will  help  a  larger 
number  this  next  year. 

To  secure  enough  nurses  for  the 
Army  and  Navy,  was  mentioned  a 
while  ago,  as  the  first  objective  of  the 
nursing  profession.  This  is  a  large  or- 
der, for  2500  eligible  physically  fit 
nurses  must  be  obtained  every  month 
in  the  next  year  to  meet  their  needs. 
Many  thousands  are  already  in  the 
Army  and  Navy  Nurse  Corps.  The 
exact   figures  are  not  divulged  but  we 


626 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


know  they  are  with  troops  all  over  the 
world  and  in  hundreds  of  camps  in  the 
United  S'^ates.  All  of  our  nursing  or- 
ganizations are  united  in  this  primary 
job  of  persuading  eligible  young  women 
to  undertake  this  patriotic  service.  The 
Red  Cross  Nursing  Service,  by  charter 
obligation,  is  the  Reserve  for  the  Army 
and  Navy  Nursing  Service,  so  it  is  con- 
centrating great  efforts  through  Red 
Cross  Nursing  Committees  in  every 
state  to  build  up  this  reserve. 

While  we  concentrate  our  greatest 
efforts  upon  securing  more  nurses  for 
the  Army  and  Navy,  our  minds  are  full 
of  unbounded  admiration  for  the  cour- 
age and  heroism  of  all  the  gallant 
women  with  the  forces  of  our  allies  in 
all  corners  of  the  globe.  We  sorrow 
at  the  thought  of  their  hardships  and 
sacrifices,  but  we  envy  them  and  wish 
we  were  by  their  sides.  We  honor  the 
Canadian,  the  English  and  Australian 
Nursing  Sisters  who  are  in  the  hands 
of  fhe  enemy  in  Hong  Kong,  Singapore, 
Malaya,  Greece  and  Crete  and  hold  in 
dear  remembrance  the  civilian  nurses  of 
Britain  who  so  nobly  have  given  their 
lives  in  the  p>erformance  of  their  duty. 
From  what  our  memories  tell  us  of 
the  last  war  and  from  the  meagre  ac- 
counts 'that  are  coming  to  us  from  all. 
over  the  world,  we  are  beginning  to 
learn  what  the  real  heroism  of  Service 
nurses  is  today.  Our  minds  follow  our 
American  nurses  to  Alaska,  Panama, 
Trinidad,  Newfoundland,  Iceland,  and 
to  England,  Ireland  and  Australia;  also 
to  the  Philippines,  Hawaii,  Guam  and 
New  Caledonia;  to  hospital  ships,  to 
hospitals  on  air  fields  and  in  camps  and 
naval  stations  all  over  our  great  country. 
Bu*-  no  imagination  can  take  us  to  the 
place  where  some  of  our  Army  and 
Navy  sisters  are:  the  prison  camps  of 
Kobe,  Japan,  and  the  prison  conditions 
of  Corregidor.  We  have  known  a  little 
of    the    hardships    and    dangers    nurses 


have  endured  in  the  fox  holes  of  Bataan 
and  the  bombed  hospitals  of  Hawaii  and 
on  ships  and  clippers  carrying  the 
wounded  and  evacuees  to  areas  of  safe- 
ty. We  can  appreciate  the  anguish  of 
their  minds  when  they  were  ordered 
to  leave  some  of  their  patients.  With 
you  we  bow  our  heads  in  sorrow  and 
pray  that  God  will  give  strength  and 
the  courage  to  endure  to  all  our  profes- 
sional sisters  wherever  they  may  be, 
believing  that  in  their  darkest  hours 
they  will  be  sustained  by  hope  and  faith. 
Because  they  are  Army  and  Navy 
nurses  they  will  be  true  to  the  heroic 
traditions  of  their  services. 

Like  the  Canadian  nurses,  the  re- 
sponse to  the  call  to  the  colors  on  the 
part  of  our  American  nurses  in  spite 
of  their  knowledge  of  the  dangers  and 
hardships  ahead  of  them,  is  most  stimul- 
ating! We  sometimes  think  that  a  lack 
of  overwhelming  response  is  due  to  the 
fear  on  the  part  of  some  nurses  that  they 
will  not  have  a  chance  to  serve  with  the 
expeditionary  forces  but  may  be  kept 
for  less  adventurous  duty  in  camps  at 
home.  Recruiting  for  the  Services,  as 
I  said  before,  is  the  first  objective  of  our 
nursing  organizations.  The  National 
Nursing  Council's  Committee  on  Suf>- 
ply  and  Distribution  of  Nurses  is  the 
group  in  which  this  job  is  centered.  This 
committee  is  organizing  Committees  on 
Supply  and  Distribution  in  every  siate 
and  in  many  localities,  and  has  prepared 
for  their  use  a  guide.  This  guide  shows 
them  how  to  study  their  own  resources 
and  how  to  determine  the  minimum 
number  of  nurses  in  every  category,  the 
community  needs,  and  how  best  to  use 
their  available  nurse  power  and  so  re- 
lease for  the  military  services  those  who 
are    eligible 

The  Council's  Committee  on  Re- 
cruitment of  Student  Nurses  is  concen- 
trating on  securing  for  good  schools  of 
nursina:  a   greatly  increased  number  of 

Vol.  38,  No.  9 


THE     ROLE     OF     AMERICAN     NURSES 


627 


highly  quah'fied  student  nurses.  This 
Committee  has  distributed  throughout 
the  spates  a  great  amount  of  publicity. 
Speakers'  kits  and  pamphlets  on  nursing 
have  been  sent  to  colleges  and  universi- 
ties, to  junior  colleges  and  high  schools, 
and  local  recruitment  committees  have 
been  organized  to  make  the  best  use  of 
all  this  ma'"erial.  Newspapers  and  maga- 
zines, and  the  radio  have  given  a  great 
deal  of  space  to  the  recruitment  pro- 
gram. Results  cannot  as  yet  be  meas- 
ured, but  there  is  every  reason  to  believe 
that  this  nation-wide  intensive  program 
will  have  a  definite  effect  upon  in- 
creasing the  number  of  young  women 
who  are  studying  nursing  and  getting 
ready  to  take  their  place  in  the  ever- 
widening  field  of  nursing. 

The  Army  and  Navy  are  not  the 
only  fields  that  need  nurses.  Our 
civilian  hospitals  are  greatly  understaffed 
because  of  the  withdrawal  of  nurses  for 
the  services  and  because  of  the  increased 
use  on  the  part  of  the  general  public 
of  hospital  facilities.  Moreover,  there 
is  great  need  of  many  more  public 
health  nurses  in  many  varieties  of  public 
health  work,  particularly  in  industrial 
nursing  and  in  the  many  boom-towns 
that  have  grown  up  around  war  in- 
dustries and  camps.  The  withdrawal 
of  doctors  from  civil  life  is  also  placing 
additional  duties  on  nurses. 

Although  there  are  indications  on  the 
part  of  the  medical  profession  that  pres- 
sure will  be  put  on  our  nurse  educators 
to  shorten  or  concentrate  the  accepted 
course  of  education  in  our  nursing 
schools  and  upon  the  Army  and  Navy 
to  lower  their  standards  and  accept 
nurses  who  have  not  had  instruction  in 
all  the  subjects  now  considered  essential, 
so  far  our  nurse  leaders  have  been  able 
to  withstand  the  pressure  and  to  refuse 
to   lower  standards. 

Up  to  the  present  time  the  Army  and 
the   Navy  and  all  the   Federal  Services 

SEPTEMBER.   1942 


have  accepted  only  nurses  who  are 
registered  by  st^ate  laws,  and  state  laws 
require  qualifications  in  all  nursing  sub- 
jects including  obstetrics  and  pediatrics, 
and  so  those  who  say  that  these  latter 
subjects  are  not  needed  in  the  military 
services  are  up  against  a  real  obstacle. 
Every  effort  is  being  made  by  our 
nursing  organizations  to  hold  out  for 
present  standards,  although  our  minds 
are  not  closed  to  the  possibility  that 
modifications  may  have  to  be  instituted 
in  the  curricula  of  schools  of  nursing 
after  careful  studies  have  been  made. 
The  National  League  of  Nursing  Edu- 
cation is  already  starting  such  a  study. 

The  new  ways  in  wartime  which 
your  Emergency  Nursing  Adviser  is 
promoting  throughout  the  provinces 
with  the  help  of  provincial  representa- 
tives are  very  similar  to  the  nursing  ac- 
tivities on  our  side  of  the  border.  We, 
too,  are  advocating  more  postgraduate 
courses,  the  recall  of  married  and  in- 
active nurses  to  active  service,  the  in- 
crease of  refresher  courses,  the  improve- 
ment of  living  and  working  conditions 
and  personnel  practices  in  hospitals  and 
the  expansion  of  central  schools  of 
nursing.  Moreover,  we  are  greatly  con- 
cerned with  the  preparation  and  super- 
vision of  a  vast  subsidiary  group  of 
nursing  auxiliaries. 

Volunteer  nurses'  aides  have  been 
trained  in  the  United  States  by  the 
American  Red  Cross  for  a  number  of 
years,  but  under  a  slow  peace-time 
schedule  which  would  not  make  them 
readily  available  in  large  numbers  for 
service  in  the  present  emergency.  In 
order  to  supplement  the  service  in  hos- 
pitals due  to  depletion  of  graduate  nurse 
staffs,  the  American  Red  Cross  and  the 
Office  of  Civilian  Defense  jointly  have 
sponsored  a  program  to  provide  100,- 
000  volunteer  nurses'  aides.  These  aides 
work  under  the  supervision  of  the 
graduate   nurse   and   their  training   and 


628 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


supervision  on  the  job  make  new  de- 
mands on  nurse  teachers  and  super- 
visors in  civih'an  institutions.  It  is 
recognized  that  in  addition  to  graduate 
nurses  and  volunteer  nurses'  aides,  the 
emergency  situation  calls  for  additional 
personnel  whether  on  a  pay  or  volunteer 
basis.  To  this  end  a  category  of  "nurs- 
ing auxiliaries"  has  been  set  up  and  a 
study  is  being  made  of  the  policies  which 
have  been  adopted  by  the  three  national 
nursing  organizations  concerning  sub- 
sidiary workers  in  the  care  of  the  sick 
in  order  to  learn  whether  or  not  these 
policies  should  be  retained  or  revised. 

Dr.  George  Baehr,  Chief  Medical 
Officer  of  the  Office  of  Civilian  De- 
fense, Washington,  D.C.,  has  called  at- 
tention to  the  importance  of  setting  up 
first  aid  detachments  in  all  industrial 
plants,  in  large  business  establishments, 
and  governmental  bureaus — these  to  be 
under  proper  leadership  so  that  they 
may  be  prepared  to  serve  all  employees 
and  the  neighboring  public  in  the  event 
of  a  catastrophe.  Nurses  will  be  needed 
in    these    detachments. 

Through  the  Office  of  Civilian  De- 
fense, plans  are  made  for  the  utilization 
of  nurses  and  nurses'  aides  in  field  unit 
squads  and  also  for  the  services  of  public 
health  nurses  in  home  visiting  of  the  in- 
jured released  from  casualty  stations. 

The. American  Red  Cross  also  has  a 
well-organized  plan  of  disaster  nursing. 
In  case  of  an  'incident'  it  may  be  neces- 
sary to  pool  all  local  nursing  resources 
under  one  central  service  and  to  have 
flexible  interchange  of  nurses  in  hos- 
pital, private  duty,  and  public  health 
service.  All  nurses  are  being  encour- 
aged to  take  first  aid  courses  and  as 
many  as  possible  to  prepare  themselves 
to  become  instructors  of  first  aid  through 
the  joint  efforts  of  the  American  Red 
Cross  and   the   Office   of   Civilian    De- 


fense. Further,  the  American  Red 
Cross  is  expanding  home  nursing  classes, 
setting  as  a  goal  at  least  one-half  million 
participants  this  year.  This  requires  a 
demand  for  many  additional  nurse 
teachers  and  provides  a  suitable  oppor- 
tunity for  married  nurses  who  can  give 
part-time  service  to  make  a  valuable 
contribution  to  national  defense.  For 
this  expansion,  15,000  part-time  nurse 
instructors  are  needed,  of  whom  5,000 
have  already  signed  up. 

To  get  all  these  projects  under  way 
has  been  a  difficult  task — constantly  we 
are  reminded  that  time  is  short — deci- 
sions must  be  made  at  once  and  with 
reference  to  their  implications  for  the 
future.  Each  organization  has  en- 
deavored to  anticipate  needs  and  to  be 
ready  to  meet  war  demands  as  these 
have  arisen,  putting  aside  for  the 
moment  its  individual  responsibilities  re- 
quired by  the  usual  program  in  order  to 
speed  up  the  production  of  nurse  power 
and  make  it  available  when  and  where 
needed. 

We  know  that  if  each  p>erson  de- 
termines that  her  quota  is  to  be  her  full 
capacity,  the  sum  of  the  efforts  of  each 
of  us  will  be  a  total  war  effort,  the 
magnitude  of  which  is  beyond  our  con- 
cept at  this  time.  More  than  the  ac- 
cumulation of  thousands  of  individual 
war  efforts,  it  is  a  force,  a  power,  a  uni- 
fied overwhelming  surge,  an  outf)ouring 
of  professional  strength  on  every  level, 
through  every  association  of  nurses — 
national,  state,  district  and  alumnae — 
reaching  in^^o  every  community  in  an 
effort  to  meet  every  nursing  need  and 
to  prepare  for  our  larger  duties  in  the 
peace  ahead. 

The  Mayor's  slogan  in  New  York 
City  is:  "I  need  America  and  America 
needs  me!"  I  should  like  to  add  that 
we  in  the  United  States  feel  that  we 
need  Canada  and  Canada  needs  us! 


Vol.  38,  No.  9 


In  Praise  of  Famous  Women 


Malcolm  MacDonalDj  M.P. 

High    Commissioner   for   the     United   Kingdom 


Let  us  begin  by  praising  famous 
women.  I  do  not  know  how  deep  into 
ancient  history  one  must  probe  to  dis- 
cover the  beginnings  of  your  noble 
profession  of  nursing.  But  every 
schoolboy  does  know  that  often  down 
the  centuries  as  the  story  of  humanity's 
struggle  has  unfolded,  dark  places  where 
sickness  and  death  threatened  to  bar 
man's  onward  march  have  been  illu- 
mined by  the  devoted  nursing  of  brave 
women.  For  example,  I  think  t\\^rt 
is  no  more  courageous  and  romantic 
chapter  in  the  tale  of  men's  conquests 
of  wild  new  lands  than  that  of  the 
early  French  settlement  of  Canada. 
Amongst  those  first  Canadians  were 
many  leaders  who  showed  the  highest 
heroism — men  like  Champlain,  Brebeuf 
and  Frontenac.  But  one  of  the  most 
attractive  characters  amongst  them  is 
that  of  a  woman,  Jeanne  Mance.  On 
a  summer's  day,  exactly  three  centuries 
ago,  she  came  with  the  first  ship's  com- 
pany of  pioneers  and  landed  on  this  spot 
where  we  sit  to-night.  That  morning 
she  sallied  forth  to  pick  flowers  in  the 
forest  where  cruel  Iroquois  might  well 
have  picked  her  instead,  and  she  set 
them  on  the  altar  at  the  first  celebra- 
tion of  Mass  on  the  site  of  Montreal. 
That  day  she  helped  to  found  Montreal. 
That  day  she  founded  the  first  hospital 
here.  That  day  she  gave  one  of  the 
earhest  impulses  to  Canadian  nursing. 
It  is  well  that  you  should  celebrate 
piously  this  tercentenary  of  her  landing, 
for  in  a  way  you  are  all  offspring  of 
Jeanne  Mance. 

Often  in  these  days,  amidst  the  fury 
of  war,  one  thinks  of  the  great  leaders 
of  nursing.     For  example,  each  morn- 


ing now  we  seek  eagerly  in  the  news- 
papers the  latest  tidings  of  the  siege  of 
Sebastopol.  Aand  instinctively  your  ima- 
ginations fly  back  across  almost  ninety 
years  to  another  grim  and  bloody  siege 
of  Sebastopol  when  Florence  Nightin- 
gale rode  horseback  through  the  Cri- 
mea, directing  the  care  of  our  wounded 
soldiers.  I  suppose  the  popular  concep- 
tion of  her  is  still  the  angehc  Lady  of 
the  Lamp  whose  very  shadow  rough 
soldiers  used  to  kiss  fervently  when  it 
crossed  their  pillows  as  she  walked 
through  the  crowded  wards  of  her  hos- 
pital at  Scutari.  Well,  'of  course  she 
was  that  gentle  creature.  But  she  was 
much  else  besides.  Otherwise  she  would 
never  have  become  the  mother  of  mod- 
ern nursing.  The  conditions  in  British 
hospitals  then  were  a  scandal  not  only 
on  the  distant  shores  of  the  Black  Sea, 
but  at  home  and  wherever  they  existed. 
There  was  no  proper  sanitation,  no  ven- 
tilation, no  cleanliness,  no  adequate 
equipment.  And  Florence  Nightingale 
did  not  charm  these  elementary  things 
into  being  by  mere  feminine  magic.  In 
urging  them  she  was  opposed  through 
many  years  by  the  most  thick-skinned 
official  incompetence,  parsimony  and 
inhumanity.  She  only  gained  a  victory 
by  fighting  these  like  a  tiger,  like  a  fury, 
even  like  a  devil,  with — for  those  days 
— unladylike  obstinacy,  vigour  and  in- 
tellectual power.  She  is  one  of  the  most 
remarkable  reformers,  of  either  sex,  of 
all  time. 

I  like  to  recollect  that  when  -she  be- 
gan her  great  fight  at  Scutari  her  prin- 
cipal ally  was  a  certain  gentleman  sent 
out  to  represent  the  London  Timesy 
whose    name    was    MacDonald.      The 


SEPTEMBER,   1942 


629 


630 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


members  of  the  fighting  clan  Mac- 
Donald  have  played  a  part  on  many 
a  pretty  battlefield,  but  never  on  one 
more  honourable  than  the  Crimea  when 
humane  nursing  was  born.  (I  hope  you 
will  forgive  that  little  outburst  of  primi- 
tive Highland  pride.) 

Well,  time  plays  some  strange  tricks 
with  us.  In  those  days  when  Florence 
Nightingale  was  in  the  Crimea  our 
soldiers  were  laying  siege  to  Sebastopol. 
We  strove  might  and  main  to  drive  the 
Russians  out  of  the  great  fortress.  But 
in  the  present  world  struggle  betv/een 
the  forces  of  good  and  evil  the  Russians 
have  struck  some  of  the  mightiest  blows 
against  the  forces  of  evil.  To-night  it 
is  the  hope  and  prayer  of  us  all,  in- 
cluding you  modern  Florence  Nightin- 
gales, that  the  Russians  shall  this  time 
remain  victoriously  inside  Sebastopol. 

In  passing,  it  is  interesting  to  learn 
that  at  the  very  time  when  the  redoubt- 
able Miss  Nightingale  was  fighting 
against  appalling  hospital  conditions  in 
Britain,  a  similar  state  of  affairs  reigned 
here.  Let  me  read  an  account  of  the 
wards,  and  I  regret  to  state  the  nurses 
also,  of  the  Montreal  General  Hospital 
as  they  were  in  the  year  of  Canadian 
Confederation,    1867: 

The  wards  were  small  and  rather  untidy, 
the  nurses  were  Sarah  Gamps.  Good  crea- 
tures and  motherly  souls,  some — all  unedu- 
cated. Many  looked  upon  the  wine  when 
it  was  red.  In  those  days  it  was  with  the 
greatest  difficulty  patients  could  be  induced 
to  go  into  a  hospital.  It  was  the  popular 
belief  that  if  they  went  they  would  never 
come  out  alive.  No  records  were  kept.  The 
clinical  thermometer  had  not  come  into  use ; 
the  patients  had  to  look  after  themselves ; 
fresh  air  was  not  thought  necessary.  Armies 
of  rats  disported  themselves  about  the  wards. 

But  I  will  not  read  on.     Let  us  draw 
a  veil  over  those  horrors.     For  from  my 


knowledge  of  Canadian  hospital  wards 
today,  and  from  my  view  of  you  this 
evening — without  any  artificial  stimula- 
tion from  the  wine  when  it  is  red — I 
can  see  that  there  have  been  as  wonder- 
ful improvements  in  Canada  as  there 
have  been  anywhere  else  since  the  re- 
forming zeal  of  those  days. 

But  man — and  woman  too,  so  far 
as  I  can  make  out — is  a  restless  animal. 
They  are  for  ever  striving  for  improve- 
ment. Standards  which  seemed  good  in 
one  age  are  not  thought  good  enough 
in  the  next.  The  members  of  the 
nursing  profession  are  still  on  the  march. 
They  have  been  amongst  the  greatest 
benefactors  of  mankind.  But  I  do  not 
think  that  mankind  have  yet  requited 
their  services  fairly.  At  any  rate,  let 
me  speak  about  the  situation  in  Great 
Britain,  I  think — and  I  doubt  not  that 
you  will  agree — that  the  nursing  pro- 
fession should  be  recognized  and  treated 
as  the  equal  in  usefulness  and  honour 
of  any  other  profession  in  human  so- 
ciety. But,  however  much  lip  service 
may  sometimes  have  been  paid  to  that 
idea,  the  profession  had  not  in  fact  at- 
tained that  status  in  pre-war  Britain. 
The  living  quarters  for  nurses  were  not 
always  satisfactory,  the  conditions  of 
their  work  were  often  excessively  hard, 
and  their  pay  was  insufficient. 

However,  we  were  on  the  way  to 
correcting  those  things  when  the  war 
broke  out.  A  Royal  Commission  had 
been  studying  the  whole  question  of 
the  training  and  working  conditions  of 
nurses.  When  its  Report  appeared  it 
proposed  a  great  and  comprehensive 
programme  of  reforms.  I  shall  not 
trouble  you  with  its  details.  But  it  will 
please  you  to  know  that  the  chairman 
of  that  Commission,  whose  recommen- 
dations mark  a  new  era  in  nursing  in 
Britain,  was  the  present  wise  and  kindly 
Governor-General  of  Canada,  the  Earl 
of  Athlone. 

Vol.  38,  No.  9 


IN   PRAISE   OF   FAMOUS  WOMEN 


631 


Before  he  and  his  colleagues  had 
completed  their  task  and  set  their  signa- 
tures to  their  enlightened  document,  the 
latest  war  had  broken  out.  And  then 
to  all  their  cogent  arguments  was  added 
another  powerful  argument.  It  was 
not  demonstrated  on  paper,  but  on  the 
field  of  action.  It  was  not  written 
in  ink  but,  before  long,  in  the  blood  of 
nurses.  It  was  the  argument  that  just 
as  when  the  life  of  an  individual  is 
threatened  it  is  often  a  nurse  who  comes 
to  the  rescue,  so  when  the  life  of  a 
nation  is  in  mortal  danger  the  whole 
body  of  nurses  come  to  its  rescue. 

As  Minister  of  Health,  during  the 
Battle  of  Britain,  I  had  particular  op- 
portunities of  watching  the  conduct  of 
the  nurses  in  those  stirring  episodes.  Of 
course,  before  the  battle  broke  we  were 
prepared  for  it.  For  one  thing,  with  the 
prospect  of  casualities  on  a  gargantuan 
scale,  we  had  created  a  vast  Emergency 
Hospital  Service.  In  it  the  famous 
voluntary  hospitals  and  increasingly  im- 
portant municipal  hospitals  were  more 
or  less  merged.  To  them  were  added 
the  buildings  of  numerous  other  institu- 
tions, which  were  turned  into  temporary 
hospitals  for  the  duration  of  the  war. 
In  addition  large  communities  of  new 
huts  were  built  in  the  grounds  of  many 
of  these  places,  containing  up-to-date 
wards,  x-ray  departments  and  oper- 
ating theatres.  In  a  similar  way 
many  of  the  cottage  hospitals  in 
rural  Britain  were  expanded.  On 
top  of  that  some  of  the  noblest 
country  mansions  were  transformed 
into  hospitals.  And  lest  all  that  did  not 
prove  enough  when  the  hour  of  on- 
slaught struck,  other  stately  houses  and 
famous  schools,  which  •  were  being  used 
for  other  purposes  in  the  meantime,  had 
beds,  blankets  and  equipment  stored  in 
their  nether  regions  or  immediate 
neighbourhood,  so  that  their  rooms  too 


could  be  changed  into  wards  and  oper- 
ating theatres  at  a  moment's  notice. 

To  staff  this  Emergency  Hospital 
Service  we  naturally  mobilized  a  great 
multitude  of  nurses.  I  hope  you  will 
not  misunderstand  me  when  I  say  that 
they  were  all  thrown  into  a  common 
pool.  For  instance,  the  War  Office 
controlled  very  few  hospitals  in  Britain 
itself.  It  had  been  agreed  as  a  matter 
of  administrative  efficiency  that  so  far 
as  possible  one  authority  in  Britain 
should  be  responsible  for  the  care  of  all 
wounded,  whether  military  or  civilian, 
inside  the  island.  So  with  a  few  ex- 
ceptions all  the  hospitals  were  put  under 
the  ultimate  control  of  the  Ministry  of 
Health.  And  when  our  army  had  been 
beaten  off  the  continent,  and  nurses 
as  well  as  soldiers  were  evacuated  from 
Dunkirk — when  we  had  not  yet  opened 
up  other  fronts,  and  the  whole  force 
of  the  enemy's  attack  was  loosed  upon 
Britain  itself — the  War  Office  readily 
agreed  that  the  services  of  army  nurses 
should  be  called  upon  by  the  Ministry 
just  as  much  as  they  were  needed. 

Of  course,  there  was  already  a  great 
force  of  highly  competent  civil  nurses 
who  formed  the  nucleus  of  the  nursing 
staffs  in  the  new  huge  hospital  service. 
Other  registered  nurses  who  had  retired 
returned  to  work,  and  fresh  youngsters 
were  all  the  time  being  trained.  In  ad- 
dition we  formed  a  reserve  army  of  less 
thoroughly  trained  auxiliary  rmrses  who 
were  available  to  reinforce  the  wards. 
As  it  turned  out  we  were  prepared  for 
something  much  worse  than  the  Ger- 
mans have  yet  been  able  to  do  to  us. 
But  it  was  really  the  steadfastness  of  the 
population,  including  the  nurses,  which 
prevented  things  from  being  much 
worse. 

When  total  war  came  upon  us  in 
deadly  earnest,  the  nurses  passed  every 
test  that  was  imposed  upon  them.  Their 


SEPTEMBER,   1942 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


professional  skill  was  not  found  want- 
ing. They  had  a  great  part  in  estab- 
lishing the  remarkable  record  that  only 
1.7  per  cent  of  the  many  thousands  of 
wounded  soldiers  who  were  carried 
across  the  English  Channel  straight 
from  the  battlefields  round  Calais  and 
Dunkirk  died  of  their  wounds.  And 
when  the  enemy's  attack  struck  sharply 
across  Britain  itself  no  one  behaved  with 
surer  courage  than  the  nurses. 

I  remember  the  first  occasion  when 
one  of  our  London  hospitals  was  badly 
hit.  I  visited  the  place  at  once,  to  see 
for  myself  whether  our  plans  for  res- 
cue, for  the  evacuation  of  patients,  and 
other  emergency  services  had  worked 
satisfactorily.  A  direct  hit  by  a  high 
explosive  bomb  had  made  one  wing  of 
the  hospital  into  a  broken  skeleton.  And 
what  stirred  me  most  in  the  story  that  I 
heard  was  the  conduct  of  the  nurses. 
Through  the  dark  night,  whilst  the  raid 
was  still  in  progress,  they  had  hurried 
amongst  the  ruins  helping  to  dig  out 
patients  who  were  buried  alive,  tending 
those  who  were  suffering  from  shock, 
comforting  those  who  were  frightened, 
and  needed  words  of  comfort.  They 
had  set  an  example  of  coolness  which 
took  no  account  whatever  of  their  own 
personal  safety.  I  had.  the  honour  of 
drinking  a  cup  of  tea  with  them.  They 
were  a  small  company  of  average  young 
women.  They  were  tired  after  the 
night's  grisly  work;  some  of  them  were 
a  bit  shaken;  but  not  one  of  them  gave 
as  much  as  a  thought  to  quitting  their 
posts  even  for  an  hour. 

One  of  the  things  that  has  seen  them 
and  their  comrades  in  Britain  through 
their  trials  is  their  gay,  defiant  humour. 
In  the  midst  of  the  most  desperate  and 
baffling  situation  someone  will  make 
a  joke  and  set  everyone  laughing.  Of 
course,  occasionally  the  humour  is  un- 
conscious! I  remember  a  man  who  was 
knocked  out  by  a  bomb  which  landed 


close  by  him.  Thirty-six  hours  later 
he  came  round,  and  found  himself  lying 
in  a  hospital  ward  with  a  young  cockney 
nurse  bending  over  him.  He  felt  so 
dreadfully  sore  and  depressed  that  he 
asked,  "Nurse,  have  I  come  in  here  to 
die?"  "Oh  no,"  she  answered  with  a 
bright  smile,  "you  came  in  yesterdie." 

Before  long  the  nurses  were  doing 
much  else  besides  helping  to  care  for  the 
wounded  in  the  hospitals.  From  the 
beginning,  of  course,  many  of  them  had 
occupied  other  stations  on  the  battle- 
ground. Every  first  aid  post  in  the 
streets  had  its  team  of  nurses  standing 
ready  day  and  night.  To  them  came 
the  walking  casualties,  people  too  slightly 
hurt  to  need  immediate  hospital  atten- 
tion. I  often  watched  them  coolly  and 
deftly  snipping  off  some  of  the  hair  of 
people  with  superficial  head  wounds — 
whilst  the  noise  of  falling  bombs 
sounded  from  the  streets  outside.  Then 
other  nurses  manned  the  mobile  first 
aid  units,  which  raced  to  scenes  of  ca- 
tastrophe which  were  remote  from  any 
fixed  post.  And  yet  others  were  on  the 
ambulances  which  bore  the  seriously 
wounded  through  the  cannonade  to  the 
hospital   doors. 

But  soon  the  help  of  nurses  was  re- 
quired in  yet  other  places  on  the  field 
of  battle.  For  example,  many  citizens 
crowded  into  the  tube  stations  and  un- 
derground vaults  and  other  huge  shel- 
ters against  the  raids.  They  stayed  in 
those  places  all  night,  night  after  night. 
But  such  subterranean  congestions  were 
a  threat  to  the  public  health.  In  order 
to  meet  and  conquer  that  danger  a  fully 
equipped  medical  aid  post  was  estab- 
lished in  every  one  of  those  large  shel- 
ters, and  a  pair  of  trained  nurses  was  in 
constant  charge  of  them.  Then  other 
new  institutions  grew  up  amongst  the 
seered  and  scarred  streets  of  bombed 
towns.     They  were  the  refuges  where 

Vol.  38.  No.  9 


SIGNIFICANCE    OF    JOINT    CONFERENCE 


633 


homeless  people  could  get  food  and  rest 
and  shelter.  There  were  thousands  of 
those  places,  and  many  of  the  people 
who  came  to  them  only  a  few  m-nutes 
after  being  bombed  out  of  their  own 
Aomes  were  suffering  from  shock;  or 
they  too  were  bruised  and  cut  and  they 
needed  immediate  expert  care.  A  per- 
manent member  of  the  staff  in  every 
one  of  those  merciful  places  was  a  nurse. 
The  nurses  were  in  other  places  as  well. 
They  were  stationed  in  munitions  fac- 
tories and  other  vital  centres  from  which 
the  British  nation  waged  its  magnificent 
war  against  the  tyranny  which  had 
overrun  the  rest  of  Europe. 

The  stern,  unbending  John  Knox 
once  spoke  of  "a  monstrous  regiment 
of  women".  Well,  Adolf  Hitler  might 
well  now  complain  of  the  monstrous 
regiment  of  women  in  Britain.  It  is  no 
exaggeration  to  suggest  that  they  have 
stood  between  him  and  victory.  I  doubt 
whether  the  spirit  of  even  the  tough 
population  there  would  have  survived 
the  strains  put  upon  it  but  for  their 
unfailing  resolution.  And  also  their 
heroic,  tireless  work.  For  it  is  not 
only    as    nurses    that    they    have    acted 


through  the  din  and  danger  of  battle. 
As  air  raid  wardens,  ambulance  drivers, 
telephone  girls,  auxiliary  firemen,  anti- 
aircraft gunners,  munitions  workers  and 
all  manner  of  other  citizen  warriors  they 
have  helped  to  keep  the  foul  enemy  at 
bay,  and  they  will  go  on  helping  until 
we  have  brought  him  to  his  knees. 

And  you  Canadian  nurses  are  in  the 
struggle  too.  Some  members  of  your 
Association  were  with  the  Canadian 
troops  in  Hong  Kong,  and  are  now 
prisoners  of  the  Japanese.  Others  are 
in  South  Africa,  nursing  the  wounded 
who  come  there  from  the  crucial  battle- 
fields of  the  Near  East.  Yet  others  are 
in  Britain,  waiting  to  join  in  the  adven- 
ture which  will  befall  the  Canadian 
overseas  army  before  this  war  is  finished. 
That  army's  day  will  come.  General 
MacNaughton  has  called  it  a  dagger 
pointing  straight  at  Berlin.  We  shall 
not  gain  our  victory  until  that  beauti- 
fully steeled  weapon  has  been  used.  And 
when  the  Canadian  army  moves  for- 
ward to  its  high  destiny,  many  Cana- 
dian nurses  will  go  with  it.  From  the 
bottom  of  my  heart  I  wish  all  of  you 
sood  fortune  now  and  in  the  future. 


The  Significance  of  the  Joint  Conference 

Kathleen  Russell 


The  general  topic  for  this  morning's 
session  calls  for  consideration  of  the  res- 
ponsibilities of  the  Canadian  Nurses  As- 
sociation, immediate  and  post-war, 
which  indeed  is  the  one  topic  dominat- 
ing all  of  our  thoughts.  I  am  asked  to 
comment  upon  a  conference  which  was 
held  on  the  last  two  days  of  September 
of  last  year,  a  conference  shared  by  re- 
presentatives of  the  university  schools 
of  nursing  in  Canada  together  with  the 
members  of  the  Executive  Committee  of 


the  Canadian  Nurses  Association.  The 
reason  for  making  this  the  starting  point, 
this  morning,  is  that  it  was  at  that  con- 
ference that  the  C.N. A.  outlined  a  pro- 
gramme which  has  resulted  in  some 
clear  cut  and  concerted  action  which  is 
to  be  reviewed  this  morning. 

First  we  should  recall  the  circum- 
stances of  that  conference.  The  initial 
factor  that  brought  it  about  was  a  letter 
sent  last  July  to  the  Executive  Commit- 
tee of  the  C.N.A.,  by  one  of  the  Pro- 


SEPTEMBER,   1942 


634 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


vincial  Associations,  namely  the  Regis- 
tered Nurses  Association  of  Manitoba. 
That  letter  voiced  the  concern  —  by 
that  time  felt  generally  —  regarding  the 
growing  problems  of  Canadian  nursing 
services,  problems  resulting  from  the 
war  situation,  or  at  least  intensified  by 
this.  The  letter  reviewed  the  special 
weaknesses  of  nursing  supply,  voiced  the 
fear  that  ill-advised  remedies  might  be 
forced  upon  us,  and  then  proceeded  to 
offer  one  definite  suggestion,  namely  the 
enrolment  in  Canada  of  a  special  class 
of  young  women  to  take  a  nursing  cour- 
se under  very  particular  conditions.  In 
fact  it  was  suggested  that  Canada  should 
arrange  a  course  patterned  on  the  plan 
of  the  Vassar  Camp  organized  in  the 
United  States  during  the  last  war.  Brief- 
ly this  was  meant  to  be  a  national  effort, 
with  a  staff  assembled  temporarily  for 
this  purpose,  the  enrolment  to  be  restrict- 
ed to  a  group  of  university  graduates  se- 
lected as  being  relatively  mature,  to  of- 
fer this  training  in  a  period  somewhat 
shorter  than  the  usual  three  years,  and 
to  have  the  candidates  selected  with  the 
idea  of  providing  leadership  material.  It 
was  assumed  that,  if  necessary,  a  num- 
ber of  Canadian  hospitals  would  be  wil- 
ling to  co-operate  in  working  out  such 
a  plan.  Have  I  made  it  clear  that  there 
was  no  suggestion  here  of  a  new  school, 
nor  was  there  any  thought  of  permanent 
organization.  Like  the  Vassar  Camp  of 
1918,  it  was  to  be  strictly  an  emergency 
war  measure  that  might  not  go  further 
than  the  enrolment  of  one  class. 

This  suggestion  was  offered  as  one 
method  of  helping  to  meet  several  of  the 
dangers  confronting  the  nursing  profes- 
sion, such  as  the  lowering  of  entrance 
standards,  the  increased  crowding  of 
the  hospital  schools,  the  further  over- 
loading of  the  harassed  instructors  in 
these  schools,  and  the  present  dearth  of 
leadership  material  in  the  professional 
j'anks.  The  difficulties  in  the  way  were 


the  cost,  the  hard  work  involved,  and 
the  timidity  of  the  nursing  profession. 
When  this  particular  course  was  sug- 
gested no  exact  name  was  given  it  and, 
unfortunately  it  was  groupel  with  other 
quite  different  suggestions  under  the 
title  "central  school";  a  good  deal  of 
confusion  has  resulted  thereby,  so  now 
an  exact  name  must  be  found.  Tem- 
porarily, for  the  purposes  of  this  paper, 
I  am  going  to  call  it  a  Canadian  War 
Course.  As  the  objections  to  this  name 
are  obvious,  I  am  ready  to  give  way  to 
the  first  person  who  will  improve  on  it. 
As  it  was  assumed  that  this  Canadian 
War  Course,  if  established,  would  be 
placed  at  some  university  centre  where 
the  preliminary  work  at  least  would  be 
done,  the  Manitoba  letter  suggested  con- 
ference with  the  staffs  of  our  university 
nursing  schools.  The  C.N.A.  Executive 
accepted  the  suggestion  and  in  Septem- 
ber called  the  meeting  which  is  now 
under  discussion. 

So  much  for  the  background  of  the 
meeting.  Now  we  arrive  at  the  meeting 
itself.  In  the  words  of  the  programme, 
I  am  asked  to  speak  of  its  "significance 
and  importajice"  but,  as  those  two  words 
approach  each  other  so  closely  in  mean- 
ing, I  shall  not  attempt  to  separate  them. 
We  speak,  then,  of  the  significance  of 
that  September  meeting  or,  in  other 
words,  of  what  was  purposed  at  the 
time,  and  of  what  may  be  expected  to 
follow  from  it.  What  then  did  happen  on 
those  two  days  last  fall;  what  in  conse- 
quence, has  happened  since;  and  what 
is  likely  to  happen  in  the  coming 
months.?  First,  the  questions  must 
be  answered  negatively  for,  when  the 
conference  took  place,  the  original  sug- 
gestion of  a  Canadian  War  Course  was 
not  dealt  with  directly.  It  merely  took 
its  place  as  one  of  a  number  of  sugges- 
tions which  were  presented  for  discus- 
sion: actually  it  did  not  receive  a  great 
deal  of  consideration.  Perhaps  it  will  be 

Vol.  38.  No.  9 


SIGNIFICANCE    OF    JOINT    CONFERENCE 


635 


brought  back  more  sharply  for  attention 
today. 

Having  sidetracked  somewhat  the  is- 
sue that  served  to  call  it  together,  what 
matters  did  the  conference  take  under 
consideration?  It  went  back  to  search 
the  original  causes  of  uneasiness  about 
nursing,  and  agreed  that  these  consisted 
of  both  quantitative  and  qualitative  short- 
ages in  nursing  service.  Some  careful 
analytical  thought  was  given  to  the  exact 
nature  of  these  shortages  which  were 
found  to  be  varied,  but  specific  rather 
than  general,  showing  particularly  a 
scarcity  of  instructors,  ward  supervisors, 
public  health  nurses  and  general  duty 
nurses.  Opposed  to  this,  it  appeared  at 
that  time  that  the  student  nurse  group 
was  filled  well,  the  military  services  were 
supplied  bountifully,  and  the  private  duty 
group  reported  no  shortages.  Also  it  was 
possible  to  supply  readily  any  special 
group  when  the  demand  came  from 
other  countries  for  Canadian  nurses: 
examples  of  this  are  the  units  enrolled 
for  Scotland  and  South  Africa.  This 
analysis  of  the  Canadian  nursing  situa- 
tion resulted  in  the  proposal  of  a  num- 
ber of  activities  designed  to  meet  the 
various  needs  and,  following  the  joint 
meeting,  the  C.N. A.  Executive  Com- 
mittee put  these  proposals  into  shape  as 
a  list  of  formal  recommendations  which, 
as  you  know,  were  published  immedia- 
tely. It  should  be  asked,  therefore,  if 
any  purpose  was  served  by  having  called 
the  representatives  of  the  university 
nursing  schools  to  that  meeting  with 
the  C.N. A.  Executive.  Perhaps  not  as 
directly  as  would  have  been  the  case  if 
the  meeting  had  proceeded  to  work  out 
a  Canadian  War  Course  to  be  placed 
at  a  university  centre;  but,  as  it  trans- 
pired that  many  of  the  recommendations 
were  dealing  with  educational  questions, 
and  some  particularly  with  post-grad- 
uate and  refresher  courses  in  the  univer- 
sity schools,  it  was  possible  for  the  uni- 


versity representatives  to  give  immedi- 
ate help  in  the  deliberations  that  took 
place.  An  indirect  result  has  been  the 
proposal  that  some  form  of  permanent 
association  be  adopted  by  the  university 
nursing  schools. 

Thus  we  have  surveyed  the  Septem- 
ber conference,  the  reason  for  calling  it 
and  the  nature  of  its  deliberations.  The 
action  that  has  taken  place  since  will  be 
dealt  with  fully  by  other  speakers  this 
morning.  Perhaps  the  significance  of  the 
meeting  can  be  summarized  by  s'^ating 
that  it  has  given  to  the  nurses  of  Can- 
ada a  four-fold  opportunity  to  be  des- 
cribed as  follows:  First  there  was  the 
opportunity  of  the  original  meeting 
which  provided  a  candid  discussion  of 
the  needs  and  weaknesses  of  present 
nursing  services,  and  offered  proposals 
for  improving  the  situation.  Second,  the 
opportunity  during  the  past  winter  and 
spring  to  live  through  the  first  general 
reaction  to  those  proposals.  This  reac- 
tion has  supplied  much  interest  and  sup- 
port, but  has  contained  also  a  plentiful 
amount  of  misunderstanding,  objection 
and  withdrawal.  Third,  the  opportunity 
for  this  second  conference  here  this 
morning,  made  doubly  valuable  because 
of  all  the  discussion  which  has  taken 
place  since  the  first  meeting.  Fourth, 
the  opportunity  now  to  go  forward,  im- 
mediately, quickly,  insistently,  courage- 
ously, wisely.  , 

Will  there  be  further  extension  of 
this  opportunity.''  We  wonder.  Surely 
we  may  hope  that,  before  another  Bien- 
nial Meeting  of  the  C.N.A.  takes  place, 
the  end  of  this  war  may  be  within  sight. 
It  would  seem,  in  relation  to  the  war 
emergency,  that,  by  that  time,  either 
we  shall  have  acted  wisely  and  strongly 
with  the  result  that  Canadian  nursing 
will  have  served  to  the  utmost,  or  we 
shall  have  muddled  through,  serving  and 
failing  alternately.  Also,  as  far  as  fu- 
ture professional  progress  is  concerned. 


Vol.  38,  No.  9 


636 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


either  we  shall  have  turned  a  great 
emergency  into  a  real  opportunity  to 
make  progress,  or  we  shall  have  lost 
this  opportunity  irretrievably. 

This  morning's  discussions  are  very 
important.  Can  we  watch  ourselves? 
Can  we  analyze  ourselves  and  our  mo- 
tives? Willingness  to  serve?  Yes,  to  an 
amazing  degree.  But  we  are  very  timid; 
very  jealous  in  both  the  strong  arid  the 
weak  senses  of  that  word;  and  set  in 
a  mold  that  was  formed  under  circum- 
stances that  differ  from  the  present.  Do 
we  allow  ourselves  an  unprejudiced  ex- 
amination of  new  proposals?  If  not,  at 
least  we  seem  not  alone  in  this  weakness, 
for  are  we  not,  ourselves,  hurling  this 
same  accusation  at  all  other  groups  to- 
day,   governments,    military    authorities, 


industry,  and  so  on.  Can  we  take  warn- 
ing, face  the  facts  of  inevitable  develop- 
ment, realize  that  we  must  adapt  to 
meet  this  development,  and  be  ready  to 
accept  some  risks?  Have  we  no  faith  in 
ourselves  and  our  own  generation?  As 
the  Victorian  age  was  able  to  produce 
a  nursing  training  that  suited  its  own 
day,  marched  with  its  own  educational 
framework,  and  produced,  thus,  some 
nurses  with  a  fine  sense  of  discipline  and 
responsibility  and  devotion,  is  it  too  great 
a  task  for  us  to  adapt  to  the  educational 
f>ossibilities  and  demands  of  1942  and  at 
the  same  time  to  produce  some  nurses 
with  an  equally  fine  sense  of  discipline 
and  responsibility  and  devotion?  Our 
conference  this  morning  should  help  us 
to  find  the  answers  to  these  questions. 


The  Report  of  the  Emergency  Nursing  Adviser 


It  is  my  privilege  and  responsibility 
to  report  on  the  activities  of  the  Emer- 
gency Nursing  Adviser  to  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association  and  some  of  the  de- 
velopments that  have  taken  place  in 
connection  with  these.  Since  her  appoint- 
ment, the  Adviser  has  worked  closely 
with  an  advisory  committee  consisting 
of  the  president  and  the  two  vice-presi- 
dents Miss  E.  K.  Russell  and  Miss  F. 
Munroe.  Miss  Maisie  Miller  was  ap- 
pointed secretary  of  this  committee. 
The  Adviser  is  deeply  grateful  to  Miss 
Marion  Lindeburgh,  chairman  of  the 
committee,  and  to  all  the  members  for 
their  advice  and  guidance  which  has 
been  a  source  of  great  support  and 
encouragement. 

It  will  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  res- 
ponsibility of  the  Emergency  Nursing 
Adviser,  as  outlined  at  the  joint  con- 
ference held  in  Montreal  in  September 


1941,  and  by  the  advisory  committee, 
was  primarily  to  make  contacts  in  the 
nine  provinces  for  the  purpose  of  giving 
assistance  in  implementing  the  recom- 
mendations that  resulted  from  the  joint 
conference  and  to  obtain  a  bird's-eye 
view  of  conditions.  The  nature  of  the 
visits  did  not  permit  of"  any  detailed 
study  being  made,  and  those  paid  to 
hospitals  were  not  in  the  form  of 
insf>ections. 

Doubtless,  an  intensive  survey  would 
have  resulted  in  more  tangible  proof 
of  the  efforts  expended  and,  in  statis- 
tical report,  that  might  have  presented 
a  more  effective  word  picture.  However, 
at  the  outset  the  fact  was  stressed  that 
contacts  and  action  were  desired  rather 
than  an  accumulation  of  facts  and  fig- 
ures. Some  of  the  latter  have  been  made 
available  through  the  co-operation  of 
provincial  representatives  and  registrars. 


Vol.  38,  No.  9 


REPORT    OF    EMERGENCY    NURSING    ADVISER         637 


While  some  of  the  reports  did  not  ar- 
rive in  time  for  full  use  to  be  made  of 
the  figures  containd  in  them,  these  will 
be  tabulated  later  and  have  afforded  the 
necessary  support  for  many  of  the  state- 
ments contained  herein.  The  period  of 
three  months  originally  mentioned  for 
the  activities  of  the  Adviser  was  early 
extended,  as  it  was  realized  that  this 
time  would  not  allow  for  more  than 
the  initial  contacts  being  made  in  all 
provinces,  with  possibly  more  concen- 
trated visits  in  a  few  of  them.  The  lat- 
ter were  paid  in  Quebec,  Ontario,  and 
British  Columbia.  The  minimum  time 
spent  in  any  one  province  was  24  hours 
and  the  maximum  21  days;  the  latter 
period  covered  all  visits.  Before  the  Ad- 
viser accepted  the  appointment  it  was 
understood  that  it  would  be  necessary 
for  her  to  return  to  Saskatchewan  by 
April  15  and  to  her  permanent  duties 
for  an  uninterrupted  period  of  six  weeks. 

The  appointment  of  Mile  Giroux  as 
an  associate  to  work  in  the  French- 
speaking  hospitals  was  a  very  happy  one. 
Mile  Giroux  carried  on  a  very  active 
campaign  in  the  Province  of  Quebec, 
especially  between  the  time  that  she  was 
released  from  hospital  duties  and  her 
appointment  to  military  service.  While 
we  share  with  Mile  Giroux  the  honour 
of  her  appointment  to  military  serv- 
ice, it  is  a  matter  of  regret  that  her  serv- 
ices with  the  Canadian  Nurses  Associa- 
tion cannot  be  continued,  except  for  a 
brief  period  when  the  Matron-iii-Chief 
has  graciously  suggested  that  Mile  Gi- 
roux may  be  permitted  to  complete  the 
plan  made  for  her  to  visit  one  or  two 
other  centres.  It  has  been  a  great  pleas- 
ure to  work  with  Mile  Giroux.  With 
sincerity  and  enthusiasm  she  has  inter- 
preted the  purpose  of  her  activities  and, 
in  the  words  of  the  Provincial  Registrar 
in  Quebec,  "has  done  an  excellent  piece 
of  work". 

The   work   of   the   National   Adviser 


began  officially  on  January  19,  1942. 
After  her  arrival  in  Montreal  about  ten 
days  were  spent  at  the  National  Office 
in  order  to  initiate  a  programme  of  visits 
and  to  make  preliminary  contacts  in 
Quebec  and  Ontario.  Before  the  visits 
began,  a  letter  was  sent  to  all  provinces 
enlarging  upon  the  recommendations 
and  suggesting  ways  in  which  they  might 
be  implemented.  It  was  also  requested 
that  a  representative  be  appointed  in 
each  province  to  work  with  the  Adviser, 
and  to  do  follow-up  work  which  ob- 
viously would  be  necessary.  With  the 
exception  of  certain  general  suggestions 
and  recommendations  regarding  press 
publicity,  the  arrangements  for  the  Ad- 
viser's visits  were  left  in  the  hands  of 
the  representatives.  A  report  on  the  re- 
sults would  make  an  interesting  story. 
In  many  instances  even  brief  visits  were 
made  use  of  in  a  most  surprising  and 
gratifying  way.  The  ready  response  met 
with  in  the  Province  of  Quebec,  with 
little  if  any  time  for  preparation,  will 
always  be  a  matter  of  special  apprecia- 
tion. 

In  one  province,  by  special  arrange- 
ments made  through  the  provincial  as- 
sociation at  a  single  session,  the  Adviser 
met  the  superintendents  of  nurses  in 
all  but  one  school.  In  another  province, 
at  one  meeting  she  made  contacts  with 
the  president  of  the  University,  heads 
of  the  provincial  and  city  health  depart- 
ments, the  Dean  of  Medicine,  the  presi- 
dent of  the  Medical  Association,  repre- 
sentatives of  the  boards  of  directors  in 
two  hospitals  and  a  representative  of 
the  Red  Cross  Society,  the  president  of 
the  provincial  and  local  Nurses  Associa- 
tion, the  superintendent  and  the  super- 
intendent of  nurses  in  two  local  hospitals, 
and  a  number  of  nurses.  In  three  prov- 
inces the  Adviser  attended  the  annual 
meetings  of  the  provincial  associations 
and,  in  two  provinces,  special  quarterly 
or  dis'"rict  meetings.  These  contacts  were 


SEPTEMBER,    1942 


638 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


of  great  interest  and  value. 

On  many  occasions,  when  visits  were 
paid  to  hospitals,  opportunities  were  af- 
forded for  contacts  to  be  made  with 
boards  of  directors.  We  are  particularly 
indebted  to  the  Department  of  Health 
in  Ontario  and  to  the  Director  of  nurse 
registration,  Miss  Munn,  and  to  the  in- 
spector of  schools,  Miss  Hilda  Bennett. 
In  this  province  the  inspector  of  schools 
of  nursing  was  released  and,  with  the 
department,  took  charge  of  transporta- 
tion and  accompanied  the  Adviser  on 
many  of  her  visits  in  the  province.  This 
not  only  gave  very  valuable  support,  but 
added  very  greatly  to  the  pleasure  of 
the  visits.  When  carrying  out  activities  in 
connection  with  the  re-organization  of 
registries.  Miss  Madalene  Baker  also 
gave  most  valuable  assistance  in  this 
province,  and  included  some  very  ef- 
fective presentations  of  the  recommenda- 
tions and  work  of  the  Adviser  as  she 
made  contacts  in  the  northern  part  of 
the  province. 

The  Adviser  wishes  to  express  most 
cordial  appreciation  of  the  co-operation 
and  assistance  given  by  the  provincial 
representatives,  registrars  and  nursing 
leaders  in  the  provinces.  It  is  realized 
that  the  effectiveness  of  the  work  is 
directly  related  to  this  support  which 
frequently  involved  expenditure  of  time 
and  effort  on  the  part  of  very  busy  peo- 
ple. The  Adviser  is  also  indebted  for 
the  very  cordial  welcomes  ext^ended  to 
her  and  for  much  hospitality.  The  work 
has  proved  a  rare  opportunity  to  make 
new  friends,  as  well  as  to  strengthen 
professional  ties.  The  number  of  ad- 
dresses given  by  the  National  Adviser 
total  104,  plus  49  special  conferences. 
These  indicate  the  understanding  atti- 
tude that  paved  the  way  for  the  Ad- 
viser's visits  and  capitalized  upon  op- 
portunities. 

An  attempt  has  been  made  to  keep 
in  touch  with  the  provinces  by  letter  and 


report,  and  to  supply  them  from  time 
to  time  with  material  that  it  is  felt  will 
be  of  value.  Owing  to  limited  time  and 
lack  of  experienced  secretarial  help 
which  is  difficult  to  obtain,  especially 
when  travelling,  the  Adviser  feels  that 
this  phase  of  the  work  has  not  been 
covered  as  adequately  as  she  could  wish. 
However,  the  following  material  has 
been  sent  to  each  province  in  addition  to 
information  dealing  with  specific  prob- 
lems: (1)  a  letter  of  general  informa- 
tion enlarging  on  recommendations; 
(2)  information  regarding  preliminary 
schools,  refresher  courses,  scholarships, 
the  status  of  the  general  staff  nurses, 
private  duty  nurses,  in-service  education, 
publicity,  and  (very  recently)  salary 
schedules.  An  effort  has  been  made  to 
interchange  pertinent  informa,tion  re- 
ceived from  provinces,  esf>ecially  that 
which  has  bearing  on  developments  re- 
lating to  the  recommendations. 

In  May,  the  Adviser  attended  the 
National  Biennial  Nursing  Convention 
of  the  American  Nurses  Association,  the 
National  League  of  Nursing  Education 
and  the  National  Organization  for  Pub- 
lic Health  Nursing  and,  at  the  request 
of  the  President  of  the  C.N. A.,  took 
greetings  from  the  nurses  of  Canada. 
The  registration  of  this  convention  num- 
bered over  10,600,  and  the  opportunity 
of  attending  the  sessions  was  an  inspir- 
ing one. 

In  the  allotted  time  it  would  be  im- 
possible to  report  in  detail  on  the  acti- 
vities that  have  been  carried  out  in  the 
nine  provinces  and,  in  this  report,  the 
Emergency  Nursing  x'\dviser  will  only 
attempt  to  touch  on  these  in  some  gen- 
eral statements.  In  order  that  the  work 
in  the  provinces  may  be  more  closely 
identified,  the  provincial  advisers  have 
very  graciously  consented  to  speak  to 
certain  recommendations,  and  by  this 
means  to  present  them  in  a  live  form  for 
further  discussion. 


Vol.  38.  No.  9 


REPORT     OF     EMERGENCY     NURSING     ADVISER 


639 


A  study  of  the  recommendations  re- 
veals the  fact  that  they  are  built  around 
(1)  the  graduate  nurse;  (2)  the  student 
nurse.  They  deal  with  the  preparation, 
development  and  interests  of  the  nurse 
in  order  that  she  may  serve  to  her  fullest 
capacity,  especially  in  the  present  crisis, 
and  enjoy  legitimate  satisfactions  in  re- 
turn. The  nursing  profession  is  concern- 
ed with  providing  adequate  personnel  in 
order  that  necessary  nursing  service  may 
be  available  to  all  the  people  of  Canada 
now  and  in  the  future.  The  recommen- 
dations deal  with: 

The  special  preparation  of  teachers,  ad- 
ministrators and  supervisors,  without  which 
our  schools  and  public  health  organizations 
cannot  carry  on  .effectively. 

An  adequate  supply  of  suitable  candidates 
for  schools  of  nursing  and  how  this  may 
be  sustained. 

The  support  of  standards  and  possible 
plans  for  acceleration  in  preparing  nurses 
for  the  field  (centralized  courses)  without 
endangering  standards. 

The  stabilization  of  nursing  services  by 
the  organization  of  stimulating  programmes 
for  all  graduate  nurses ;  improvement  of 
working  and  living  conditions  and  hours  of 
duty  for  nurses ;  recognition  of  the  impor- 
tance of  the  general  staff  nurse  as  one  who 
assumes  a  great  deal  of  responsibility  for 
the  nursing  service  in  most  hospitals  today. 

Plans  for  meeting  any  emergency  that  may 
arise. 

Directly  affecting  all  these  develop- 
ments is  the  question  of  financial  aid 
and  appropriate  publicity  as  part  of  an 
educational  programme.  The  president 
of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association  has 
already  spoken  at  some  length  of  one 
appeal  made  for  financial  aid.  In  the  rec- 
ommendations reference  is  made  to  other 
potential  sources  of  aid.  These  must  be 
thoroughly  explored.  A  resolution  has 
already  been  forwarded  from  one  prov- 
ince to  the  Executive  Committee  of  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association  regarding 
the  possibility  of  obtaining  financial  as- 
sistance in  the  recruitment  of  applicants 

SEPTEMBER,  1942 


from  the  Federal  Youth  Training  Plan 
that  is  now  in  operation.  Recently  the 
Kellogg  Foundation  made  a  gift  of  scho- 
larships and  loans  to  a  number  of  uni- 
versiy  schools  of  nursing,  and  at  least 
one  organization  has  already  given  scho- 
larships to  aid  six  students  in  the  first 
year  of  a  nursing  course.  These  develop- 
ments are  encouraging. 

A  plan  for  a  national  publicity  cam- 
paign, accepted  by  the  Advisory  Com- 
mittee, has  been  approved  by  the  Execu- 
tive Committee  of  the  C.N.A.  The  plan 
in  question  is  to  be  under  the  direction 
of  Mr.  W.  A.  Lawrence,  publicity  coun- 
sel in  Montreal.  It  is  recommended  that 
this  go  into  effect  immediately. 

In  support  of  the  recommendation 
dealing  with  the  need  for  co-operation 
with  the  medical  profession  and  special 
groups,  at  the  request  of  the  president  of 
the  C.N.A.  a  letter  was  sent  by  the 
Emergency  Nursing  Adviser  to  the  se- 
cretary of  the  Canadian  Medical  Asso- 
ciation urging  that  consideration  be 
given  at  the  meeting  to  the  desirability 
of  members  of  the  medical  profession 
keeping  them.selves  definitely  informed 
of  conditions  as  they  exist  in  centres  in 
which  they  are  practising,  and  of  the 
enormous  burdens  being  placed  upon 
hospital  and  school  of  nursing  adminis- 
trators and  nursing  personnel  at  this 
time.  A  copy  of  this  letter  was  also  for- 
warded to  the  president  of  the  Cana- 
dian Medical  Association  and  to  the  sec- 
retary of  the  Canadian  Hospital  Coun- 
cil asking  their  support  of  the  recom- 
mendation. It  was  suggested  that,  as  a 
wartime  measure,  demands  on  hospital 
service  mii^ht  well  be  reduced  to  a  mini- 
mum that  is  consistent  with  the  adequate 
protection  and  comfort  of  the  patient 
and  welfare  of  the  institution.  Other  de- 
velopments in  connection  with  the  rec- 
ommendations that  arose  out  of  the  Joint 
Conference  are  to  be  told  to  us  by  the 
provincial  representatives  today.  The  fact 


640 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


is  emphasized  that  without  this  under- 
standing and  support  there  would  be 
little  to  tell. 

The  Adviser  wishes  to  express  her 
cordial  appreciation  to  the  editor  of  The 
Canadian  Nurse  for  her  support  and  as- 
sistance, as  seen  in  the  hberal  use  made 
of  the  Journal  to  keep  members  of  the 
profession  informed  of  developments. 
The  Adviser  is  also  very  grateful  to  the 
Executive  Secretary  of  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association  and  her  assistant  for 
all  the  facihties  placed  at  her  disposal 
and  for  their  readiness  to  help  at  all 
times.  Again  it  is  realized  with  appre- 
ciation that  in^^erruptions  and  special  de- 
mands have  often  placed  an  additional 
burden  on  busy  executives.  It  is  earnest- 
ly hoped  that  these  may  be  fully  justified 
as  the  work  proceeds. 

It  has  been  said  that  crisis  is  the  cross- 
road between  achievement  and  disaster. 
We  are  now  facing  a  crisis  of  very  great 
proportions.  It  is  earnestly  hoped  that 
out  of  this  there  may  arise  unques- 
tionable evidence  that  the  nursing  pro- 
fession has  accepted  this  challenge  and 
directed  its  fuU  effort  towards  more  per- 
fect achievement  of  those  things  for 
which  it  stands.  As  nurses,  many  of  us 
are  concerned  by  the  overwhelming  res- 
ponsibilities that  the  nursing  profession 
has  accepted  over  a  period  of  years.  In 
the  recommendations  we  suggest  that 
the  time  has  come  when  these  respon- 
sibilities must  be  shared  by  other  profes- 
sional groups  and  by  all  the  people  of 
Canada. 


These  are  the  recommendations  and 
proposals  resulting  from  the  report  and 
findings  of  the  Emergency  Nursing  Ad- 
viser, Canadian  Nurses  Association,  with 
the  amendments  adopted  at  the  General 
Meeting,  June   1942: 

Reco-tumendation   1,  Special  Prefara- 


tion  of  Nurses:  It  is  recommended  that 
the  policy  of  stimulating  interest  in  post- 
graduate work  be  continued  and  em- 
phasized in  every  way  possible  in  order 
that  specially  prepared  nurses  may  be 
available  for  key  positions  in  requisite 
numbers  and  that  this  policy  include : 

Persistent  appeals  to  superintendents  of 
nurses  to  interest  suitable  candidates  in  post- 
graduate work  and  to  prepare  them  for  it. 

Continued  efforts  to  establish  scholarships 
and  loan  funds,  and  to  interest  nurses  in 
making  use  of  these. 

The  tapping  of  all  sources  from  which 
financial  aid  may  be  forthcoming.  In  addition 
to  aid  from  the  Federal  Government,  there 
are  many  other  sources  from  which  financial 
assistance  may  be  obtained,  such  as  founda- 
tions, boards  of  directors,*  alumnae  associa- 
tions, etc. 

The  adoption  of  measures  to  impress  upon 
the  graduate  nurse  the  importance  of  pre- 
paring herself  through  post-graduate  work 
to  meet  the  demands  of  the  present  crisis 
and  ones  that  will  inevitably  arise  during 
the  period  of  reconstruction.  In  many  schools 
the  need  for  preparation  after  graduation 
is  kept  before  the  student  nurse  as  an  ob- 
jective for  which  she  should  be  planning. 
This  is  a  sound  policy,  and  one  that  author- 
ities in  schools  should  be  asked  to  support 
consistently,  although  some  experience  is 
recognized  as  desirable  before  a  nurse  un- 
dertakes   post-graduate    work. 

The  careful  study  of  conditions  of  em- 
ployment for  the  purpose  of  making  these 
as  attractive  as  possible,  including  hours  of 
duty,  salary,  living  conditions,  opportunities 
for    personal    freedom   and   growth. 

Recommendation  2,  Post-Graduate 
Courses:  It  is  recommended: 

That  courses  be  established  in  Canadian 
hospitals  on  a  gradiuite  nurse  level.  Tenta- 
tive standards  for  the  setting  up  of  post- 
graduate courses  have  been  prepared  by  a 
special  committee  of  the  Canadian  Nurses 
Association.  Very  careful  study  should  be 
given  to  these. 

That  post-graduate  courses  in  the  various 
specialties,  such  as  medical  and  surgical  nurs- 
ing,  operating  technique,   etc.,  be   organized 


SEPTEMBER,   1942 


REPORT     OF    EMERGENCY     NURSING     ADVISER 


641 


to  include  additional  clinical  experience,  and 
experience  in  ward  administration,  plus 
courses  in  methods  of  teaching  and  vrard 
management.  Presumably  the  latter  would 
be  taken  at  a  university  or  some  such  centre. 

That  University  authorities  be  asked  to 
give  consideration  to  the  desirability  of  giv- 
ing more  intensive  courses  in  public  health 
nursing,  teaching  and  supervision,  or  to  the 
dividing  of  such  courses  so  that  they  may 
be  taken  in  four-month  periods  in  two  dif- 
ferent years,  with  a  credit  towards  a  certi- 
ficate course.  This  would  suggest  the  de- 
sirability of  establishing  a  credit  system 
which  already  exists  in  some  universities. 
At  the  General  Meeting,  the  following  addi- 
tion was  made  to  this  recommendation : 
"Whereas  it  is  recognized  to  be  sound  and 
progressive  educational  policy  to  keep  uni- 
versities open  on  a  yearly  basis,  dividing  the 
year  into  semesters  or  quarters,  be  it  resolved 
that  steps  be  taken  to  develop  courses  in 
nursing  education  on  a  semester  basis ;  fur- 
thermore, that  particular  stress  be  given  to 
the  opening  of  university  summer  sessions 
to  nurses,  and  that  such  work  be  given  full 
credit  towards  a  diploma  or  a  degree".  This 
recommendation  is  to  be  referred  to  the  in- 
coming executive  with  the  suggestion  that 
they  confer  with  the  new  Provisional  Coun- 
cil of  University  Schools  in  order  to  im- 
plement it. 

It  is  suggested  that  more  attention  be  gi- 
ven to  the  possibility  of  a  student  securing 
monetary  allowance  while  taking  post-grad- 
uate work  in  return  for  some  suitable  serv- 
ice that  might  be  undertaken  in  addition  to 
the  work  of  the  course.  It  is  understood  that 
this  policy  also  is  observed  in  some  centres. 
It  should  be  applied  with  discretion. 

Recommendation  3,  Student  Person- 
mi  and  Recruhment'.  The  recommenda- 
tion that  "continuous  study  be  made  of 
conditions  most  fundamental  to  the 
welfare  of  student  nurses  and  to  the 
improvement  of  their  professional  edu- 
cation" is  re-stated.  Living  conditions, 
hours  of  duty,  personal  restrictions  and 
physical  strain  are  continually  cited  as 
deterrent  factors  to  the  choice  of  nursing 
as  a  career.  Therefore  it  is  recom- 
mended: 


That  constant  study  be  given  by  authorities 
in  individual  schools  to  these  problems,  and 
that  whenever  feasible  the  assistance  of 
provincial  and  national  organizations  be 
sought  in  bringing  about  more  desirable  con- 
ditions. 

That  the  recommendation  that  every  con- 
sideration be  given  to  the  establishment  of 
a  96-hour  fortnight  for  graduate  nurses  and 
students,  with  one  whole  day  off  duty  each 
week,  be  definitely  re-endorsed.  At  the  pre- 
sent time  this  recommendation  offers  spe- 
cial difficulties.  However  some  relief  meas- 
ures are  suggested  later  in  this  report. 

That  a  definite  campaign  be  organized  in 
each  province  to  provide  for  contacts  with 
principals  and  students  in  high  and  private 
schools  and  universities,  in  order  to  present 
ID  them  desirable  information  regarding  nurs- 
ing. The  assistance  of  younger  nurses  en- 
gaged in  various  fields  of  professional  ac- 
tivities may  well  be  enlisted  in  making  this 
presentation.  Use  may  also  be  made  of  the 
press  and  radio.  At  this  time  the  recruit- 
ment of  a  desirable  type  of  student  for 
schools  of  nursing  is  very  essential,  if  the 
number  of  candidates  is  to  be  kept  at  a 
normal  or  somewhat  higher  level. 

That  without  delay  a  study  be  undertaken 
to  determine  if  the  number  of  nurses  now 
being  graduated  is  sufficient  to  meet  the  pre- 
sent demands  and  those  of  the  future  as 
these  can  be  foreseen.  It  is  very  essential 
that  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association  now  be 
prepared  to  give  guidance  to  authorities  in 
schools  in  this  matter.  The  following  rec- 
ommendation from  the  Hospital  and  School 
of  Nursing  Section  was  endorsed  by  the 
General  Meeting :  "That  whereas  there  is  a 
greatly  increased  demand  for  graduate  nurses 
due  to  war  and  emergency  conditions  and  a 
shortage  of  nurses,  both  graduate  and  stu- 
dent, which  is  felt  most  keenly  at  the  pre- 
sent time,  be  it  resolved  that,  as  a  war  meas- 
ure, steps  be  taken  to  meet  the  serious  short- 
age by  temporary  increase  in  student  en- 
rolment in  approved  schools  of  nursing  where 
it  is  possible  to  strengthen  teaching  and 
supervising  staffs  to  a  satisfactory  degree". 
It  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  schools  of 
nursing  are  now  meeting  stiff  competition; 
nursing  should  be  kept  before  the  public 
as   a   truly  national    service   and   one   which 


SEPTEMBER,   1942 


642 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


presents  opportunities  that  will  not  end  with 
the  war. 

That  schools  having  more  desirable  ap- 
plicants than  they  can  accept,  refer  these 
to  other  schools ;  otherwise  these  young  wo- 
men may  be  lost  to  the  profession. 

That  whenever  possible  a  re-interpreta- 
tion of  nursing  in  the  light  of  modern  trends 
be  given.  This  should  be  distinctly  helpful 
in  securing  a  better  informed  public. 

That  every  effort  be  made  to  support 
sound  standards  and  requirements  in  ap- 
proved schools  although  it  is  suggested  that, 
without  seriously  affecting  standards,  the 
minimum  entrance  age  requirement  may  be 
reduced  to  18  years  as  a  special  war  meas- 
ure. When  considering  standards,  it  is  in- 
teresting to  note  that  more  than  twice  the 
number  of  applicants  required  for  the  Sep- 
tember class  is  reported  in  one  school  in 
which  the  minimum  entrance  educational  re- 
quirement is  grade  12,  plus  chemistry  and 
physics  or  biology. 

Recommendation  4,  Central  Prelimi- 
nary Schools,  Acceleration  of  Prepara- 
tion, Protection  of  Standards:  It  is  rec- 
ommended that  studies  in  connection 
with  the  estabh'shment  of  central  pre- 
h'minary  teaching  be  vigorously  pursued, 
not  only  as  a  wartime  measure  but  in 
recognition  of  the  fact  that  there  is  a 
trend  in  nursing  education  towards  cen- 
tralization, although  the  development 
has  progressed  slowly.  The  various 
types  of  centralized  schools  and  lecture 
courses  may  be  summarized  as  follows: 

Type  1.  Centralized  Teaching  or 
Lecture  Courses:  As  an  arrangement 
between  schools  in  one  centre,  this  policy 
overcomes  the  necessity  of  repetidon  and 
the  demands  made  upon  the  lecturers 
and  teachers.  It  also  tends  to  keep  up 
the  quality  of  teaching  to  a  more  uni- 
form and  recognized  level. 

Type  2.  "The  preliminary  teaching 
central  to  an  area  where  there  is  a  'Cen- 
trahzed  Teaching  Programme';  the 
area  may  be  in  one  city  or  two  or  more 
centres.  The  autonomy  of  the  individual 


school  would  not  be' lost  nor  its  organi- 
zation or  administration  changed". 

Type  3.  "Central  to  a  Province": 
where  one  or  more  university  centres 
could  be  used  for  preliminary  teaching. 
The  policy  would  be  similar  to  the  one 
outlined  in  Type  2  except  that  it  would 
be  advisable  to  recruit  students  with  an 
educational  background  sufficiently  ma- 
ture to  permit  adjustments".  It  has  been 
suggested  that  university  schools  of  nurs- 
ing offering  degree  courses  fill  the  func- 
tion of  this  type  of  school. 

Type  4.  "A  course  which  would  be 
open  to  university  graduates  who  would 
have  the  maturity  to  undertake  a  more 
intensive  preliminary  course  and  be 
enabled  to  enter  the  nursing  service  more 
rapidly";  this  type  of  course  might  well 
be  established  as  a  wartime  measure  to 
accelerate  the  preparation  of  nurses,  and 
also  to  make  an  appeal  to  college  grad- 
uates. 

Note:  The  interpretations  are  taken  from 
the  report  of  the  Emergency  Nursing  Ad- 
viser, Registered  Nurses  Association  of  On- 
tario. 

Type  1,  Type  2  and  Type  3  may  be 
carried  out  as  local  developments  or  on 
a  provincial  basis  but,  to  be  satisfactorily 
initiated,  Type  4  would  have  to  receive 
at  least  national  recognition  in  so  far 
as  reciprocal  registration  and  other  ques- 
tions of  wide  imphcation  would  be  in- 
volved. Therefore,  it  is  recommended: 

That  a  committee  be  apopinted  by  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association  to  study  Type 
4  carefully,  and  to  take  steps  to  secure  in- 
formation regarding  the  financial  support 
that  might  be  available  should  the  establish- 
ment of  such  a  school  be  considered  de- 
sirable. 

That  each  provincial  association  be  asked 
to  give  consideration  to  the  possibility  of 
co-operating  in  such  a  scheme  through  par- 
ticipation and  the  establishment  of  reci- 
procal registration  privileges. 

This  recommendation  was  amended 
at    the    General    Meeting    by    adding: 


Vol.  38,  No.  9 


REPORT     OF     EMERGENCY     NURSING     ADVISER 


643 


"That  the  Executive  of  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association  be  empowered  to  act 
upon  recommendations  of  the  Commit- 
tee appointed  to  make  this  study".  At 
the  General  Meeting  it  was  stated  that 
the  French-Canadian  group  is  not  op- 
posed in  principle  to  an  experiment  in 
centralized  teaching  where  it  is  found 
necessary  and  recommends  that  a  com- 
mittee of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Associa- 
tion be  appointed  for  further  study  of 
this  question.  If  experience  proves  cen- 
tralized teaching  is  beneficial  the  group 
may  recommend  it  to  the  next  biennial 
meeting. 

Recommendation  5,  In-Servtce  or 
Staff  Education:  It  is  suggested  that 
further  study  be  given  to  the  recom- 
mendation "'"hat  in-service  education 
be  extended  and  enriched".  This  may 
be  done  on  provincial  and  more  local 
basis  in  both  hospitals  and  health  organi- 
zations, as  a  means  of  ( 1 )  keeping 
members  of  the  nursing  staff  informed 
of  the  rapidly  changing  conditions  in 
hospitals  and  communities  and  of  the 
need  for  cons'^ant  and  ready  adjustments 
in  meeting  the  present  crisis,  also  of  the 
special  measures  that  it  may  be  neces- 
sary to  take  in  order  to  effect  these;  and 
(2)  affording  stimulation  and  interest 
for  members  of  the  graduate  nursing 
s'aff  including  supervisors,  head  nurses 
and  general  duty  nurses,  a  self-initiated 
programme  to  promote  activity  and 
growth;  (3)  preparing  the  young  head 
nurse  or  supervisor  more  quickly  for 
rapid  promotions  that  are  inevitable  un- 
der the  present  conditions.  It  is  suggested 
that  the  previous  recommendation  of  a 
visiting  instructor  to  strengthen  such 
programmes  and  the  clinical  teaching 
programmes  by  assisting  head  nurses,  is 
an  experiment  that  has  already  been  car- 
ried out  in  one  centre  very  successfully. 
It  is  a  popular  idea  in  others.  It  is  also 
suggested  that  the  school  adviser  or 
o*^her  well  qualified  nurse  within  a  prov- 


ince may  well  be  relieved  of  more  per- 
manent duties  to  undertake  this  res- 
ponsibility as  the  need  arises. 

Recommendation  6,  Preparation  for 
Emergency  Service  of  Married  and  In- 
active Nurses,  Subsidiary  Workers  and 
V.A.D.'s:  It  is  recommended: 

That  courses  for  married  and  inactive 
nurses  be  carried  on  as  a  continuous  pro- 
gramme during  wartime  in  order  that  in- 
terest and  contacts  may  be  sustained,  and  in 
preparation  for  an  emergency.  The  outline 
of  courses  that  is  shortly  to  be  released  from 
the  national   office  is  based  on  this   policy. 

That  whenever  possible,  assistance  be  gi- 
ven in  inaugurating  courses  for  nurses  in 
rural  areas  and  in  hospitals  not  conducting 
schools.  This  assistance  might  take  the  form 
of  course  outlines  for  guidance,  and  the  re- 
lease from  time  to  time  of  a  member  of  a 
teaching  staff  or  the  school  adviser  to  as- 
sist in  the  initiation  of  such  courses. 

That  courses  of  lectures  be  followed  by 
practical  experience  in  wards  of  local  hos- 
pitals. 

That  advice  be  sought  from  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association  as  to  the  conditions  under 
which  approval  should  be  given  for  married 
and  inactive  nurses  to  register  or  re-register 
or  to  serve  without  this  status  as  an  emer- 
gency measure.  At  the  General  Meeting  it 
was  resolved  that  "as  the  services  of  mar- 
ried and  inactive  nurses  are  urgently  needed 
in  hospitals  and  elsewhere,  those  nurses  who 
have  at  some  time  been  registered  nurses 
and  who  undertake  the  available  refresher 
courses  be  granted  emergency  registration 
status  for  the  duration  of  the  emergency  if 
they  give  their  service  on  a  voluntary  basis ; 
and  that  those  nurses  who  wish  to  serve  for 
remuneration  be  required  to  secure  provin- 
cial registration.  It  is  further  recommended 
that  consideration  be  given  to  the  possibility 
of  a  special  examination  to  meet  the  needs 
of  this  group".  It  should  be  noted  that  it  is 
important  to  have  the  emergency  registra- 
tion card  very  different  from  the  other  type 
and  perhaps  also  to  recall  these  when  the 
emergency  ceases  to  exist  in  order  to  prevent 
misuse. 

That  consideration  be  given  to  a   request 


SEPTEMBER,   1942 


644 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


that  has  been  received  for  some  study  to  be 
given  by  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association 
to  the  possibility  of  obtaining  exemption 
from  income  tax  for  married  women  who 
are  assisting  by  giving  nursing  service  in  a 
national    crisis. 

Recommendation  7,  Status  of  the 
General  Duty  Nurse^  Stabilisation  of 
Nursing  Service j  Problems  of  Shortage 
of  Nurses  and  Relief  Measures'.  It  was 
recommended  that  special  study  be  given 
to  the  recommenda*"ions  regarding  the 
improvement  of  status  for  the  general 
duty,  or  staff  nurse,  as  of  the  utmost  im- 
portance. Recognition  of  her  services 
through  adjustment  of  salary,  hours  of 
duty  (96-hour  fortnight,  or  at  least  one 
whole  day  off  each  week)  assignment 
of  duties,  living  conditions,  are  very 
essential.  Already  from  one  province  has 
come  a  resolution  that  this  nurse  be 
known  as  the  general  staff  nurse.  At  the 
General  Meeting  it  was  resolved  that 
the  term  "general  staff  nurse"  replace 
the  term  "general  duty  nurse". 

Attention  is  directed  to  the  report  of 
the  Joint  Committee  of  the  American 
Nurses  Association  and  the  National 
League  of  Nursing  Education  published 
in  1941,  a  summary  of  which  appeared 
in  The  Canadian  Hosfijal  Journal. 
While  not  altogether  applicable  to  Cana- 
dian conditions,  many  valuable  sugges- 
tions are  found  in  this  publication.  Spe- 
cial conference  with  the  general  duty 
group  and  private  duty  nurses  through 
provincial  organizations  and  local  units, 
is  definitely  recommended.  It  is  also 
suggested  that  an  appeal,  in  the  form 
of  a  personal  letter,  sent  to  each  mem- 
ber through  the  provincial  organizations 
might  be  helpful  in  stabilizing  nursing 
service  at  this  time  and  in  meeting  the 
shortage  of  nurses,  by  bringing  to  the 
attention  of  each  nurse  her  personal  res- 
ponsibility in  meeting  the  present  crisis. 

One  possible  remedy  is  seen  in  the 
employment    of    subsidiary    workers    in 


larger  numbers  and  in  the  use  of  V.A.- 
D.'s.  Further  relief  may  be  found  in: 

The  simplification  of  procedures  and  other 
adjustments  that  must  be  faced  as  wartime 
measures. 

A  conservative  use  of  the  private  duty 
nurse,  when  a  luxury  service,  may  well  be 
considered.  In  some  centres  this  suggestion 
has  come  from  the  private  duty  nurses,  and 
could  only  be  initiated  through  their  co-oper- 
ation. 

The  consideration  of  group  nursing  for 
patients  needing  special  nursing  service  is 
also  recommended. 

Recommendation  8,  Co-oferation 
with  Medical  Profession  and  Sfecial 
Groups:  It  is  recommended  that  con- 
sideration be  given  to  the  importance  of 
co-operation  between  all  groups  con- 
cerned with  the  care  of  the  patient  and 
community  welfare;  this  includes  mem- 
bers of  boards  of  directors,  the  medical 
profession,  nurses  and  others.  For  the 
purpose  of  keeping  them  informed  and 
of  enlisting  their  sympathy,  it  is  recom- 
mended that,  provincially  and  locally, 
conferences  be  arranged  between  local 
representative  groups  and  recognized  or- 
ganizations. 

Recommendation  9,  Publicity :  It  is 
recommended  that  special  attention  be 
given  to  the  question  of  appropriate  pub- 
hcity.  It  is  recognized  as  a  very  impor- 
tant one.  All  provincial  associations 
should  participate  actively  in  the  long- 
term  programme  of  publicity  covering  a 
period  of  six  months,  as  submitted  by 
Mr.  W.  A.  Lawrence,  Publicity  Coun- 
sel, and  already  approved  by  the  Execu- 
tive Committee  of  the  Canadian  Nurses 
Association.  The  fact  is  stressed  that  in 
order  to  be  effective,  publicity  through 
use  of  press,  radio,  speakers  and  other 
agents,  must  be  consistently  carried  on. 
Representatives  of  many  of  the  provinces 
are  fully  aware  of  the  importance  of 
this  development  and  have  capitalized 
upon  opportunities,  as  is  seen  by  the 
folder  of  clippings  forwarded  from  the 


Vol.  38,  No.  9 


REPORT    OF    EMERGENCY    NURSING    ADVISER 


645 


various  provinces.  It  is  realized  that 
these  do  not  represent  the  total  efforts 
that  have  been  directed  towards  ap- 
propriate publicity,  which  have  taken 
many  and  varied  forms. 

Government  assistance  has  been  pro- 
mised through  introductory  letters,  sup- 
port of  editorials,  the  radio  broadcast 
known  as  "As  a  Matter  of  Fact",  and 
possibly  the  preparation  of  a  film.  As 
Mr.  Lawrence's  contract  has  been  ac- 
<;epted  by  the  Executive  Committee  of 
the  Canadian  Nurses  Association,  it  is 
recommended  that  these  developments 
be  undertaken  through  him.  The  ob- 
jectives sought  through  such  publicity 
may  be  summarized  as: 

The  stimulation  of  interest  in  nursing  as 
a  national  service  of  a  permanent  nature, 
in  order  that  a  sufficient  number  of  desir- 
able applicants  may  be  available  in  approved 
schools  of  nursing:  (a)  to  keep  up  present 
enrolment ;  (b)  for  some  increase  over  pre- 
sent numbers. 

To  make  known  the  need  for  specially 
•qualified  nurses  to  fill  positions  of  respon- 
sibility, and  the  necessity  for  post-graduate 
-courses. 

To  interpret  nursing  to  the  public  (a) 
as  an  essential  community  service ;  (b)  as  a 
special  opportunity  for  national  service,  and 
as  a  career;  (c)  in  its  many  implications  and 
expanding  fields;  (d)  as  a  profession  that 
has  accepted  many  responsibilities  in  meet- 
ing public  needs. 

To  interpret  nursing  education  as  a  pre- 
paration for  life  and  service. 

To  stress  the  responsibility  of  the  public 
towards  nursing  service  and  nursing  educa- 
tion for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  interest, 
moral  support  and  financial  aid. 

To  recognize  the  value  of  the  subsidiary 
and  voluntary  worker,  and  to  define  and 
evaluate  her  functions  as  related  to  those 
of  the  graduate  nurse. 

Recommendation  10,  Continued  Ac- 
tivities:  It  is  recommended  that  the  work 
of  the  provincial  advisers  be  continued, 
and  that  every  effort  be  made  to  study 
and  interpret  the  work  of  the  national 

-SEPTEMBER,   1942 


and  provincial  advisers  and  its  relation- 
ship to  professional  objectives.  Through 
the  provincial  associations  and  provincial 
advisers,  a  continued  effort  should  be 
made  to  bring  to  the  attention  of  all 
members  of  the  profession  the  problems 
arising  out  of  the  present  crisis  and  the 
responsibility  of  individual  members  in 
meeting  these,  and  in  planning  for  the 
part  that  nurses  must  take  in  building 
towards  the  period  of  reconstruction  and 
better  world  conditions  that  it  is  earnest- 
ly hoped  will  arise  out  of  the  present 
crisis. 

Few,  if  any,  nursing  situations  have 
been  untouched  by  the  present  crisis, 
but  in  some  centres  the  problems  are 
being  heroically  met  and  truly  challenge 
the  courage  and  ingenuity  of  the  most 
able  administrators  both  in  hospitals  and 
pubhc  health  fields.  An  understanding 
of  their  problems  is  very  essential,  and 
a  greater  understanding  of  the  problems 
of  the  individual  nurse  is  also  very  ne- 
cessary —  we  must  know  one  another. 
Furthermore,  the  value  of  publicity  has 
been  very  definitely  stressed,  but  the 
most  valuable  publicity  that  the  profes- 
sion can  have  is  that  which  will  result 
from  a  sympathetic  and  intelligent  in- 
terpretation of  nursing,  and  that  for 
which  it  stands,  by  nurses  themselves. 
Kathleen  W.  Ellis 
Em^ergency  Nursing  Adviser 
Canadian  Nurses  Association 


Editor's  Note  :The  following  report 
was  presented  by  Mile  Suzanne  Giroux 
who,  as  indicated  in  the  report  of  the 
Emergency  Nursing  Adviser,  was  as- 
sociated with  her  in  the  French-speak- 
ing  hospitals : 

Le  rapport  suivant  porte  sur  le  travail  ac- 
compli de  concours  avec  Mile  K.  Ellis  dans 
la  province  de  Quebec  et  concerne  tout  par- 
ticulierement  les  ecoles  de  langue  fran^aise. 
Dans  ce  compte-rendu  vous  trouverez  des 
constatations,  des  suggestions  qui  sont  don- 
nees  ici  dans  le  but  de  servir  de  point  de 


646 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


repere  pour  un  travail  qui  doit  etre  conti- 
nue par  chaque  directrice  d'ecole  et  chef 
de  groupe  selon  les  directives  qui  leur  se- 
ront  donnees  par  I'Association,  directives 
qui  seront  basees  sur  les  besoins  de  chaque 
groupe. 

Un  questionnaire  fut  adresse  a  26  ecoles 
de  la  province  et  17  visites  furent  faites 
aux  directrictes  des  ecoles  les  plus  impor- 
tantes  ou  les  moins  eloignees.  Quatre  confe- 
rences furent  faites  a  differents  groupes  et 
il  m'a  ete  possible,  grace  a  un  concours  pro- 
videntiel  de  circonstances,  d'exposer  la  si- 
tuation des  infirmieres  du  Quebec  a  des 
personnes  influentes  directement  ou  indirec- 
tement  en  contact  avec  le  monde  hospitaller. 
Nous  esperons  que  ces  entretiens  auront  une 
heureuse   repercussion. 

Hopital  et  ecole  de  nursing :  Les  ecoles 
d'infirmieres  dans  la  province  de  Quebec 
sont,  sauf  quelques  exceptions,  entierement 
dirigees  par  des  religieuses.  II  s'en  suit  que 
les  deux  premiers  problemes  de  la  page  1, 
paragraphe  A,  cites  lors  de  la  reunion  du 
Conseil  de  I'Association  des  Gardes-Mala- 
des  du  Canada  et  des  representantes  des  uni- 
versites,  a  savoir :  manque  de  personnel  dii- 
ment  qualifie,  institutrice,  infirmiere  en  chef, 
n'existe  pas.  Les  problemes  concernant  le 
personnel  sont  plus  ou  moins  aigus  selon  I'e- 
lement  stable  du  personnel  (nombre  plus  ou 
moins  considerable  de  religieuses  employees 
dans  I'hopital)  ;  la  localite ;  I'etude  de  la  si- 
tuation actuelle  et  sa  comprehension. 

En  general,  Ton  s'accorde  a  dire  que  le 
3ieme  probleme,  a  savoir  le  manque  d'infir- 
mieres graduees  pour  le  service  hospitalier 
et  le  service  prive,  se  fait  sentir.  Que  les 
inscriptions  des  eleves  (mai  1942)  ont  di- 
minue  dans  bien  des  ecoles,  Montreal,  Que- 
bec, surtout  la  metropole  semblent  les  en- 
droits  les  plus  touches.  Dans  certains  milieux, 
grace  a  un  personnel  religieux  nombreux, 
une  securite  existe  vraiment ;  Ton  n'a  pas 
moins  fait  une  etude  serieuse  de  ces  proble- 
mes, constatant  qu'ils  sont  intimement  lies  a 
I'avenir  de  la  garde-malade  laique  de  cette 
province  et  que  la  majeure  partie  de  la  res- 
ponsabilite  de  son  avenir  repose  sur  les  cen- 
tres de  formation  de  ces  futures  graduees, 
les  ecoles  d'infirmieres. 

Hygiene   publique :    Dans    la    province    de 


Quebec  Ton  deplore,  comme  dans  les  autres 
provinces,  la  pratique  d'employer  des  infir- 
mieres non  qualifiees  (comme  hygienistes) 
dans  les  situations  d'hygiene  publique.  Je  dois 
dire  a  I'honneur  de  nos  infirmieres  que  le 
nombre  d'infirmieres  qualifiees  va  toujours 
en  augmentant  et  que  les  chiffres  sont  im- 
posants. 

Serznce  prive :  Nous  devons  reconnaitre 
dans  ce  groupe,  des  infirmieres  tres  devouees 
mais  leur  individualisme  est  leur  plus  grand 
ennemi.  L'opportunite  de  reformes  serieuses 
ne  se  presentera  peut-etre  jamais  plus  dans 
des  circonstances  aussi  favorables  qu'a  I'heu- 
re  actuelle.  II  est  a  souhaiter  qu'une  collabo- 
ration plus  etroite  s'etablisse  entre  ces  mem- 
bres. 

Ohjectifs:  Les  objectifs  cites  dans  la  me- 
me  conference  sont  comme  suit :  maintenir 
et  ameliorer  graduellement  les  qualites  du 
service  de  nursing  dans  tous  les  domaines ; 
maintenir  un  nombre  suffisant  d'infirmieres 
qualifiees  pour  toutes  les  situations;  prote- 
ger  les  standards  professionnels  contre  I'em- 
ploi  de  toutes  sortes  de  gens  sans  qualifica- 
tions, dans  la  pratique  du  nursing.  Ces  ob- 
jectifs ont  rallie  tous  les  suffrages.  Les  re- 
commandations  faites  dans  le  but  d'atteindre 
ces  objectifs  ont  ete  bien  accueillies.  On  les  a 
trouvees  raisonnables,  equitables  et  deja 
des  projets  sont  faits  pour  les  mettre  a  exe- 
cution. 

Recommandations :  A  la  page  2,  intitulee 
"formation  des  eleves"  nous  constatons  que 
dans  le  plus  grand  nombre  de  nos  hopitaux 
la  journee  de  huit  heures  ou  la  quinzaine 
de  96  heures  existe  pour  les  eleves.  Dans 
d'autres  hopitaux  ces  heures  de  travail  s'ap- 
pliquent  soit  au  personnel  gradue,  soit  au 
personnel  de  jour,  soit  a  certaines  epoques 
de  I'annee.  L'on  constate  dans  certains  ho- 
pitaux que  I'apres-midi  de  conge  commence 
tantot  a  midi,  tantot  1  heure  et  a  2  heures. 
Si  peu  rationnel,  si  peu  charitable  que  cela 
puisse  paraitre,  avec  le  manque  de  person- 
nel, je  crois  que  la  situation  actuelle  marque 
le  moment  oil  sans  tarder  l'on  doit  apporter 
les  ameliorations  demandees  pour  le  bien- 
etre  de  I'eleve.  Si  Ton  en  juge  par  les  ame- 
liorations apportees  dans  le  passe,  un  effort 
dans  ce  sens  demontre  bien  souvent  que  nos 
craintes  ne  sont  pas  fondees.  Souvent  il  suf- 


Vol.  38,  No.  9 


REPORT     OF     EMERGENCY     NURSING     ADVISER 


647 


fit  d'essayer,  de  vouloir  ameliorer  graduel- 
lement,  pour  reussir.  Si  petit  que  soit  I'ef- 
fort,   il   nous   fait  avancer. 

La  recommandation  2,  paragraphe  F,  de- 
mande  une  etude  approfondie.  A  I'heure  ac- 
tuelle,  considerant  le  mode  d'education  dans 
la  province  le  milieu  oil  se  fait  le  recrute- 
ment  des  eleves,  le  degre  d'instruction  des 
jeunes  filles,  une  ecole  centrale  du  type 
ecole  normale  semblerait  la  chose  la  plus 
pratique.    Ce   centre   servirait   a   deux    fins : 

(a)  but  principal :  enseignement  des  scien- 
ces,  religion,  hygiene  mentale,  chimie,   etc.; 

(b)  but  secondaire :  completer  le  cours  sco- 
laire  pour  les  jeunes  filles  etant  dans  I'im- 
possibilite  de  le  faire  soit  a  cause  de  I'age, 
degre  d'enseignement  limite  donne  dans  la 
region,  etc.  Cette  ecole  ne  serait  realisable, 
si  jugee  necessaire,  qu'avec  I'aide  de  sub- 
sides venant  d'autres  sources  que  celles  des 
hopitaux  et  des  candidates. 

Cours  de  perfectionnement:  En  arrivant 
dans  une  ecole,  une  institutrice  ambulante 
donnait  un  cours  a  22)  religieuses  reunies ; 
au  meme  endroit,  2  religieuses  de  la  meme 
maison,  faisaient  un  cours  de  2  ans  dans  une 
ecole  superieure.  Je  dois  ici  feliciter  nos 
communautes  religieuses  du  souci  quelles 
prennent  de  la  formation  de  leurs  sujets. 
Je  tiens  a  souligner  que  dans  la  region  de 
Montreal,  St-Hyacinthe,  Sherbrooke,  il  n'y 
a  pas  un  seul  hopital  oil  chaque  annee  des 
cours  de  perfectionnement  ne  soient  donnes. 
A  Quebec,  I'Universite  Laval  se  propose  d'or- 
ganiser  un  cours  de  perfectionnement  a 
I'automne. 

Je  tiens  a  souligner  le  bienfait,  pour  nos 
religieuses  de  la  province  de  Quebec  de  I'lns- 
titut  Marguerite  Youville.  II  est  a  souhaiter 
que  le  nombre  des  eleves  aille  en  augmentant 
d'annee  en  annee  et  qu'une  etroite  collabora- 
tion s'etablisse  entre  laiques  et  religieuses 
pour  le  bien  et  I'aide  que  I'un  et  I'autre 
groupe  peuvent  s'apporter  mutuellement. 
Nous  avons  demande  a  chaque  directrice  de 
s'efforcer  d'envoyer  une  eleve  laique  a  nos 
ecoles  superieures  pour  gardes-malades.  Nos 
ecoles  superieures  ne  sont  pas  assez  connues ; 
une  plus  grande  publicite,  plus  a  la  portee  des 
eleves,  aiderait  au  recrutement. 

Publicite :  En  plus  de  la  publicite  of  f  icielle 
faite  par  I'Association  des   Gardes-Malades 


du  Canada,  articles  speciaux  prepares  par 
un  publiciste  pour  nos  quotidiens,  brochure 
que  vous  connaissez :  "Voulez-vous  devenir 
infirmiere?"  et  un  depliant  en  images,  illus- 
trant  la  vie  d'une  garde-malade,  nous  devons 
remercier  Mile  Genevieve  de  la  Tour  Fon- 
due qui  public  dans  les  "Relations'  de  ce 
mois  un  article  sur  la  profession,  Mme  Jules 
Fournier,  qui  parlera  des  infirmieres  aux 
lectrices  de  "la  Revue  Populaire",  Miles  T. 
Desjardins  et  Georgine  Badeaux  qui,  grace 
a  I'obligeance  de  M.  R.  Guenette  qui  leur  a 
donne  une  place  dans  la  revue  off  icielle 
"L'Ecole  canadienne"  ont  ecrit  Tune,  un  ar- 
ticle sur  I'orientation  des  jeunes  filles  vers 
la  profession  d'infirmiere,  I'autre  un  paral- 
lele  entre  I'etroite  collaboration  devant  exis- 
ter  entre  I'institutrice  et  I'infirmiere.  Le 
journal  "La  Patrie"  dans  son  edition  du  di- 
manche  a  public  une  serie  d'articlcs  concer- 
nant  I'infirmiere.  Les  fetes  de  I'Hotel-Dieu 
sont  de  nature  a  attirer  I'attention  du  public 
sur  notre  profession. 

II  serait  a  souhaiter  que  chaque  directrice 
d'ecolc  d'infirmieres  visite  le  principal  ou 
la  directrice  du  pensionnat  ou  de  I'ecole  de  sa 
paroisse.  qu'elle  fasse  connaitre  les  besoins  de 
la  profession,  le  role  joue  par  les  hopitairx 
et  les  infirmieres  dans  la  societe.  Ces  me- 
mes  visites  devraient  etre  faites  aux  cures 
et  aux  directeurs  d'oeuvres  a  fin  qu'ils  soient 
plus  etroitemcnt  lies  et  plus  interesses  aux 
ecoles  d'infirmieres.  En  un  mot,  il  faut 
faire,  nous  meme,  I'education  d'un  public 
indifferent  que  nous  avons  neglige  d'instruire 
et  qui  nous  prend  pour  acquis. 

Constatations  et  reflexions:  La  chose  la 
plus  importante  pour  nos  infirmieres  de  lan- 
gue  frangaise  semble  etre  de  travailler  a 
I'avancement  de  instruction  des  jeunes  filles 
de  nos  ecoles  particulierement  ecoles  de  cam- 
pagnes  et  de  nos  infirmieres  laiques  graduees. 
Nos  religieuses  hospitalieres  formant  un 
groupe  tres  influent,  je  crois  qu'il  est  de 
leur  devoir  d'exercer  une  pression  aupres 
des  autorites  religieuses  et  civiles  pour  qu'u- 
ne etude  des  problemes  des  infirmieres  en 
rapport  avec  I'instruction  des  jeunes  filles 
soit  faite  sans  retard. 

Pour  nos  infirmieres  graduees  laiques,  les 
conditions  economiques  ne  permettent  qu'a 
un  petit  nombre  de   faire  des   etudes   supe- 


SEPTEMBER,  1942 


648 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


rieures  sans  I'aide  de  bourses  d'etudes.  II  est 
a  souhaiter  que  chaque  ecole  d'infirmieres 
fasse  beneficier  ses  diplomes  d'une  bourse 
d'etudes. 

Conclusion :  Apres  avoir  pris  contact  avec 
un  grand  nombre  d'infirmieres,  d'avoir  e- 
change  des  points  de  vue  avec  les  chefs  de 
notre  profession,  nous  constatons  la  necessite 
d'un  comite  permanent  des  problemes  du 
nursing ;  il  serait  charge  de  I'inventaire  de 
nos  ressources,  des  besoins  du  public,  de  la 
publicite.  Une  autorite  plus  competente  que 
la  mienne  devra  juger  si  cette  suggestion  re- 
pond  a  un  besoin  reel,  si  elle  est  pratique. 

En  concluant  ce  compte  rendu,  permettez- 
moi  d'exprimer  le  souhait  que  chaque  infir- 
miere  fasse  sa  part  pour  I'avancement  de  la 
profession.  La  force  d'une  association  est 
constitute  par  la  force  de  ses  membres,  c'est 
une  verite  qu'il  ne  faut  pas  oublier.  J'adres- 
se  mes  remerciements  les  plus  sinceres  a  tous 
ceux  et  celles  qui  ont  voulu  m'aider  dans  ce 
travail,  particulierement  a  Mile  Fairley,  no- 
tre presidente,  qui  a  suivi  avec  interet  ce 
travail,  a  Mile  Ellis  qui  m'a  guidee  par  ses 
bons  conseils  et  a  Mile  Upton,  collabora- 
trice  de  toutes  les  heures. 


Editor's  Note:  A  lively  discussion  fol- 
lowed the  presentation  of  the  report  and 
recommendations  submitted  by  the 
Emergency  Nursing  Adviser.  This  was 
ably  summarized  by  Miss  Mary  S. 
Mathewson  as  follows: 

There  appears  to  be  general  agree- 
ment that  at  least  a  whole  day  might 
have  been  allotted  for  discussion  of  the 
important  and  comprehensive  report  sub- 
mitted by  the  Emergency  Nursing  Ad- 
viser. The  importance  of  continuing  and 
extending  her  work  was  stressed  by  all 
provinces.  Certain  recommendations 
were  apparently  so  generally  approved 
that  there  was  no  discussion,  namely:  the 
importance  of  improving  the  status  of 
the  general  staff  nurse ;  the  need  for  the 
improvement  of  conditions  affecting  the 
welfare  of  student  nurses  and  graduates; 


the  value  of  simplif}n'ng  of  routines  and 
procedures;  the  importance  of  close  co- 
operation of  all  groups  concerned  with 
community  welfare.  The  others  can  be 
grouped  under  such  broad  headings  as 
better  preparation  for  nurses;  conserva- 
tion of  nurse  power;  recruitment  and 
publicity;  financial  aid. 

Better  Preforation  for  Nurses:  The 
Head  Nurse  Institute  appeared  to  be 
generally  approved  in  view  of  the  great 
need  to  find  means  to  help  institu'"ions 
with  problems  of  instruction.  Miss  Ger- 
trude Hall  reported  an  experiment 
which  would  seem  to  offer  a  solution  for 
some  centres,  namely,  a  co-operative 
plan  for  employing  a  travelling  instruc- 
tor. Attention  was  drawn  to  the  fact 
that  already  the  over-burdened  school 
visitor  or  adviser  cannot  be  expected  to 
take  over  this  additional  responsibility. 
Encouragement  of  carefully  selected 
nurses  to  undertake  postgraduate  courses 
was  urged.  The  great  need  for  truly 
graduate  courses  in  the  clinical  special- 
ties was  stressed.  Ontario  plans  to  meet 
this  specific  need  by  offering  a  four- 
months  course  so  planned  that  credit  can 
la^er  be  applied  toward  completion  of 
the  certificate  course.  The  need  for 
short  courses  and  refresher  courses  was 
felt  by  all  sections.  Emphasis  was  placed 
on  the  importance  of  reaching  the  nurses 
who,  by  virtue  of  their  personal  and 
professional  qualifications,  should  be  en- 
couraged to  take  advantage  of  scholar- 
ships and  loans.  Superintendents  of 
nurses  and  of  public  health  nursing  or- 
ganizations were  urged  to  make  an  early 
selection  of  suitable  senior  students  as 
well  as  staff  nurses  who  could  then  be 
prepared  by  varied  experience,  if  ne- 
cessary to  make  the  best  use  of  available 
financial  aid. 

Financial  Aid:  The  urgent  need  for 
securing  funds  from  Federal  and  other 
sources  was  pointed  out.  In  view  of  the 
official  appeal  of  the  Association  to  the 


Vol.  38,  No.  9 


REPORT    OF    EMERGENCY    NURSING    ADVISER 


649 


Federal  Government,  members  were 
urged  to  discuss  with  the  Emergency 
Nursing  Adviser  or  to  seek  the  advice 
of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association  before 
making  any  projected  appeal  for  funds, 
in  order  to  avoid  confusing  the  primary 
issue.  Provincial  representatives  reported 
the  following  encouraging   facts: 

In  British  Columbia  nursing  is  now 
included  in  fields  eligible  for  financial 
help  from  the  Department  of  Education 
under  Dominion-Provincial  agreement. 
In  Alberta,  six  scholarships  have  been 
provided  by  the  I.O.D.E.  for  accepted 
student  nurses.  In  Ontario,  the  Perma- 
nent Educa^^ional  Loan  Fund,  raised  by 
levy  on  members,  has  provided  37  loans 
since  its  establishment,  and  in  addition 
Alumnae  Associations  are  also  granting 
extra  scholarships.  In  Manitoba,  funds 
from  the  Ministry  of  Education  have 
been  granted  for  scholarships  for  student 
nurses.  It  was  also  reported  with  grati- 
tude that  grants  had  been  made  to  cer- 
tain University  Schools  of  Nursing  by 
the  W.  K.  Kellogg  Foundation. 

Conservation  of  Nursing  Resources: 
In  this  connection  the  shortage  of  qual- 
ified teaching  personnel  was  considered 
to  be  critical.  To  clear  up  some  misun- 
derstanding regarding  the  recommenda- 
tion relating  to  centralization  of  teach- 
ing, it  was  pointed  out  that  in  a  cen- 
tralized pre-clinical  teaching  plan,  with 
the  basic  policy  of  safeguarding  the  au- 
tonomy of  the  individual  schools,  several 
schools  could  share  in  the  use  of  the 
best  available  instructors  and  facilities, 
and  so  strengthen  the  preliminary  teach- 
ing of  the  schools  co-operating  in  the 
plan. 

Other  points  under  discussion  were 
means  of  bringing  married  nurses  back 
into  service,  programmes  for  bringing 
them  up-to-date,  and  the  suggestion  that 
emergency  registration  status  should  be 
considered    for   those    who   2:ive   service 


on  a  voluntary  basis.  Considerable  time 
was  devoted  to  a  discussion  of  the  use 
of  subsidiary  workers,  and  the  points 
brought  out  were  the  importance  of  the 
instruction  and  supervision  provided  in 
the  individual  hospitals  to  ensure  the 
ability  of  these  workers  to  carry  out  the 
duties  assigned  to  them;  the  advantage 
of  planning  for  a  permanent  subsidiary 
staff  which  would  prevent  large  num- 
bers of  this  group  being  turned  out  into 
the  communi'"y  as  a  source  of  future 
complications  when  the  emergency  is 
over.  The  suggestion  was  made  that,  in 
some  instances,  the  larger  centres  might 
assume  responsibility  for  preparing  work- 
ers for  small  communities. 

Recruitment  and  Publici.y:  Discus- 
sion on  these  topics  was  so  closely  related 
that  they  may  be  dealt  with  together.  In 
all  parts  of  Canada  some  progress  was 
reported  in  making  contacts  with  high 
school  and  college  girls  with  a  view  to 
interesting  them  in  nursing  as  a  career. 
Many  suggestions  for  publicity  were 
offered  in  the  stimulating  report  pre- 
sented by  Miss  Marjorie  Jenkins  of  No- 
va Scotia.  Perhaps  because  of  their  near- 
ness to  the  actual  menace  of  war,  the 
provinces  of  the  East  and  West  Coasts 
appear  to  have  grasped  the  urgency  of 
the  situation  and  the  reports  of  their 
campaign  had  many  suggestions  to  offer 
such  as  the  use  of  the  Rededication 
Service  to  aid  in  bringing  back  the  con- 
fidence of  the  public  in  the  spirit  of 
nursing  service,  emphasis  on  nursing  as 
a  national  service,  and  the  responsibility 
of  the  public  for  supporting  the  service, 
were  key  notes.  Miss  Smellie  urged 
every  member  to  use  her  personal  in- 
fluence to  bear  where  it  would  do  most 
good.  Ontario  reported  the  establish- 
men*"  of  a  speakers'  bureau  composed  of 
carefully  selected  and  well-informed 
nurses  who  are  kept  up-to-date  by  in- 
formation kits  sent  out  from  the  central 
committee. 


SEPTEMBER.   1942 


Safeguards  to  Nursing— Present  and  Future 

Marion  Lindeburgh 

Report   of   the   C ommittee   on  Nursing  Education  of  the  Canadian  Nurses 

Association 


Today  our  thinking  and  our  efforts 
are  directed  towards  ways  and  means, 
whereby  we  as  an  Association,  and  as 
individuals  can  contribute  most  to  a  war 
time  nursing  service.  The  quality  of 
service  which  nurses  in  Canada  are  able 
to  give  is  directly  dependent  upon  their 
preparation  and  qualifications.  There- 
fore it  is  of  primary  importance  that  we 
focus  our  attention  at  this  time,  as  at 
any  other  time,  upon  matters  relating 
to  nursing  education  by  which  the 
quality  of  nursing  may  be  preserved,  and 
through  which  we  may  enlarge  the 
scope  of  our  professional  service.  It  is 
with  this  fact  in  mind  that  this  session 
dealing  with  educational  problems  is  ap- 
propriately entitled  "Safeguards  to 
Nursing". 

The  following  report  covers  the  bien- 
nium  period  1940-42  and  it  might  be 
of  value  to  review  briefly  the  history 
and  organization  of  the  Committee  on 
Nursing  Education.  This  National 
Committee  replaced  the  Curriculum 
Committee  of  the  Nursing  Education 
Section  in  1938,  through  the  acceptance 
of  the   following  resolution: 

Whereas  the  work  of  compiling  the  Pro- 
posed Curriculum  for  Schools  of  Nursing  in 
Canada  has  been  a  national  project,  and 
whereas  the  personnel  of  the  Curriculum 
Committee  has  been  composed  of  members 
of  the  National  Sections  of  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association,  therefore  be  it  resolved 
that  the  Curriculum  Committee  of  the 
Nursing  Education  Section  become  a  na- 
tional Committee  on  Education  of  the  Cana- 
dian Nurses  Association  and  that  the  sub- 
committee   of    the    Curriculum    Committee, 


known  as  the  Committee  on  Records,  con- 
tinue to  function  as  a  subcommittee  of  the 
national  Committee  on  Education. 

In  order  to  clarify  and  differentiate 
between  the  objectives  of  the  Nursing 
Education  Section  (later  to  be  known 
as  the  Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing 
Section)  and  the  national  Committee  on 
Nursing  Education,  the  following  ob- 
jectives were  defined: 

1.  To  stimulate  interest  and  secure  the 
co-operation  of  all  members  of  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association,  through  the  three  na- 
tional Sections,  in  promoting  sound  stand- 
ards of  undergraduate  and  postgraduate 
nursing  education  in  Canada. 

2.  To  assume  responsibility  for  the  study 
of  educational  problems  and  to  recommend 
adjustments  which  will  meet  the  changing 
needs  of  nursing  service  in  all  fields. 

3.  To  carry  out  any  educational  project 
which  may  be  assigned  to  it  by  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association. 

In  1940,  a  resolution  was  passed  to 
the  effect  that  the  name  "Nursing  Edu- 
cation" be  applied  only  to  the  national 
Committee  on  Education,  and  which 
should  be  renamed  "the  Committee  on 
Nursing  Education",  under  which  name 
it  now  functions.  It  became  a  Standing 
Commitf^ee  and  its  convener  a  member 
of  the  Executive  Committee. 

The  personnel  of  this  national  Com- 
mittee is  so  appointed  that  representa- 
tion of  all  nursing  groups  is  secured,  the 
central  Committee  consisting  of  mem- 
bers of  the  three  national  Sections,  the 
conveners      of      sub-committees,       the 


Vcl.  38.  N».  9 


SAFEGUARDS    TO  NURSING 


651 


French  vice-president  of  the  Association 
of  Registered  Nurses  of  the  Province  of 
Quebec,  —  a  vice-convener,  and  the 
President  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  As- 
sociation, an  ex  officio  member.  The 
Executive  Secretary  of  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association  acts  as  secretary. 

Provincial  Committees  are  composed 
of  the  provincial  Presidents,  the  three 
Conveners  of  Provincial  Sections,  and 
School  of  Nursing  Advisers.  Provision 
is  made  for  enlarging  the  personnel  of 
the  Committee,  should  need  arise,  by 
the  appointment  of  either  temporary  or 
permanent  additional  members.  Pro- 
vision is  also  made  for  clerical  help  in 
the  undertaking  of  extensive  projects 
which  would  necessitate  such  assistance. 

During  the  biennium,  the  Committee 
on  Nursing  Education  has  been  assigned 
several  important  tasks  which  have 
called  for  considerable  study  and  organ- 
ization. These  projects  were  as  fol- 
lows : 

School  of  Nursing  Records — The 
Proposed  Curriculum  was  accepted  by 
the  Canadian  Nurses  Association  in 
1936,  and  was  made  ready  for  distribu- 
tion. It  was  recommended  that  the 
Curriculum  Committee  should  continue 
its  work  and  undertake  as  soon  as  pos- 
sible the  preparation  of  a  set  of  records 
which  would  be  acceptable  for  use  in 
schools  of  nursing  throughout  Canada. 
It  was  recognized  that  it  would  be  a 
major  undertaking,  and  it  was  decided 
that  a  sub-committee  should  be  ap- 
pointed to  deal  with  this  important  pro- 
ject. The  following  resolution  was 
passed : — 

That  the  sub-committee  be  empowered  to 
proceed  with  the  formulation  of  record 
forms,  and  that  the  policy  of  the  National 
Association  be  the  preparation  and  publica- 
tion of  record  forms  as  recommended  by 
the  sub-Committee  on  Records,  and  that  this 
be  financed  by  the  Canadian  Nurses  As- 
sociation. 

SEPTEMBER.   1942 


The  Committee  began  its  work  under 
the  convenership  of  Miss  Gertrude  Ben- 
nett, and  Miss  Ruth  Thompson  suc- 
ceeded Miss  Bennett  in  1940.  Miss 
Vera  Graham  of  Montreal,  and  Miss 
Beatrice  Ellis  of  Toronto  are  acting  as 
collaborators  with  Miss  Thompson. 
Miss  Maisie  Miller  at  National  Office 
is  secretary.  A  representative  of  each 
province  has  been  app)ointed  to  collect 
and  evaluate  materials,  and  to  cooperate 
in  whatever  way  desired  with  the  cen- 
tral committee. 

The  extensive  study  of  existing  records 
which  must  necessarily  be  undertaken 
before  beginning  the  compilation  of 
more  suitable  types,  and  the  detail  in- 
volved in  the  construction  of  new  ones, 
represents  a  very  arduous  task,  and  it  is 
hoped  that  provincial  groups  and 
schools  of  nursing  will  co-operate  fully 
by  meeting  whatever  requests  may  be 
made.  Some  impatience  has  been  voiced 
in  regard  to  delay  in  the  completion  of 
this  work,  but  such  an  enterprise  must 
be  thorough,  and  because  of  the  amount 
of  detail  involved,  it  is  a  time-consuming 
undertaking. 

Uniformity  in  Examinations  for 
Registration  of  Nurses — This  study  was 
launched  through  the  passing  of  the  fol- 
lowing resolution  by  the  Executive 
Commi*"tee  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  As- 
sociation in  October   1941: 

That  in  support  of  the  recommendation 
received  from  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the 
Association  of  Registered  Nurses  of  the 
Province  of  Quebec,  concerning  a  plan  to 
standardize  examinations  for  provincial  re- 
gistration of  nurses,  be  it  resolved  that  the 
study  of  examinations  for  registration  of 
nurses  by  the  Committee  on  Instruction 
(Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing  Section) 
be  directed  by  the  Committee  on  Nursing 
Education  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Associa- 
tion. 

It  was  decided  that  the  Committee  on 
Instruction,   under  the   convenership  of 


652 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


Miss  Miriam  Gibson,  should  undertake 
the  study  to  secure  information  as  to 
conditions  and  practices  relating  to  R. 
N.  examinations  in  all  provinces,  and 
to  make  recommendations  to  the  Com- 
mittee on  Nursing  Education  which  will 
then  assume  responsibility  for  the  for- 
mulation of  policies  and  standards  to 
be  submitted  to  the  Canadian  Nurses 
Association  for  approval. 

The  need  for  such  a  study  has  been 
long  felt.  The  report  of  the  Survey  of 
Nursing  Education  exposed  twelve  years 
ago  the  many  weaknesses  of  our  regis- 
tration examination  system.  Doctor 
Weir  referred  to  it  as  an  "open  sieve" 
met^hod  by  which  nurses  were  being  ad- 
mitted into  the  nursing  profession.  It 
is  of  vital  importance  to  us  all  that  the 
registration  examinations  as  conducted 
in  the  nine  provinces  should  be  impraved 
in  many  respects  from  the  point  of  view 
of  content  and  method,  to  conform  to 
modern  educational  practice.  The  ulti- 
mate objective  is  that  there  shall  be  a 
uniform  system  approved  and  adopted 
by  all  Provincial  Associa'"ions. 

Post-graduate  Clinical  Exferience — 
The  following  resolution  was  considered 
and  approved  by  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Associa- 
tion in  June  1941: 

That  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association 
consider  the  question  of  evaluating  hospital 
postgraduate  courses,  with  the  view  of  set- 
ting up  criteria  against  which  these  courses 
can  be  measured. 

The  resolution  was  referred  to  the 
Committee  on  Nursing  Education,  and 
the  Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing  Sec- 
tion for  action.  Such  a  study  is  indeed 
timely.  The  increasing  emphasis  which 
is  being  placed  upon  the  need  for  post- 
graduate study  and  advanced  clinical 
experience  in  the  preparation  of  head 
nurses  and  supervisors,  demands  that 
serious  consideration  should  be  given  to 
the  scope  and  quality  of  educational  and 


clinical  facilities  available  for  such  ad- 
vanced preparation.  Standards  must  be 
set  up  and  agreed  upon.  The  objec- 
tives, then,  for  this  project  are  as 
follows : 

To  formulate  tentative  standards  for  post- 
graduate clinical  experience. 

To  determine  the  types  and  quality  of  ex- 
isting postgraduate  clinical  courses,  and  to 
suggest  adjustments  when  necessary. 

To  encourage  hospitals  possessing  ade- 
quate clinical  resources  to  consider  the  or- 
ganization of  selected  clinical  departments 
for  postgraduate  experience. 

The  Joint  Conveners  are  grateful  to 
school  of  nursing  advisers  and  super- 
intendents of  nurses  for  their  assistance. 
After  a  process  of  inquiry  and  study, 
tentative  standards  for  postgraduate 
clinical  experience  have  been  prepared 
and  are  now  ready  for  consideration  by 
the   provincial   associations. 

Modernizing  the  Manual  on  Home 
Nursing — The  following  resolution  was 
passed   two  years  ago: 

Whereas  many  of  the  members  have  been 
teaching  home  nursing  classes  from  the 
1932  revised  text  book  of  the  St.  John  Am- 
bulance Association,  and  whereas  there  is  a 
keen  interest  in  having  the  facts  of  nursing 
accurately  presented  to  the  public,  therefore 
be  it  resolved  that  the  Canadian  Nurses  As- 
sociation make  representation  to  the  St.  John 
Ambulance  Association  urging  that  a  com- 
mittee of  nurse  educators  be  asked  to  assist 
in  the  revision  of  the  entire  text. 

The  St.  John  Ambulance  Association 
welcomed  the  suggestion  and  the  task 
was  assigned  to  the  Committee  on 
Nursing  Education.  Miss  Rae  Chittick 
was  appointed  convener,  with  Miss  J. 
Connal  as  collaborator  and  the  con- 
veners of  the  three  national  Sections 
were  appointed  to  assist.  The  under- 
taking has  not  been  an  easy  one;  in  fact 
the  revision  of  such  a  text  is  a  more 
difficult  task  in  many  respects  than  the 


Vol.  38,  No.  9 


SAFEGUARDS    TO  NURSING 


653 


writing  of  a  completely  new  edition. 
Every  effort  has  been  made  to  bring 
the  text  up-to-date  and  at  the  same  time 
keep  the  contents  within  the  limits  of 
home  nursing  measures. 

Additional  Teaching  Material  for 
First  Aid  Instruction — While  the  First 
Aid  Manual  of  the  St.  John  Ambulance 
Association  is  used  for  the  teaching  of 
students  and  graduate  nurses,  the  Cana- 
dian Nurses  Association  felt  that  addi- 
tional information  would  be  helpful  in 
regard  to  various  aspects  of  first  aid 
instruction.  Miss  Margaret  Kerr  ac- 
cepted the  convenership  of  a  Committee 
appointed  to  undertake  this  work.  The 
convener  prepared  the  material  and 
conveners  of  the  three  national  Sections 
reviewed  it.  Copies  have  been  sent  to 
all  provincial  Associations  for  their  com- 
ment. 

The  Proposed  Curriculum  and  its 
Sufflement — Possibly  the  project  with 
which  nurses  in  Canada  are  most  fa- 
miliar is  the  Proposed  Curriculum  for 
Schools  of  Nursing,  and  its  Supplement 
entitled,  "The  Improvement  of  Nur- 
sing Education  in  the  Clinical  Field." 
This  accomplishment  is  one  to  which 
many  experienced  nurses  in  all  fields 
have  given  their  thought  and  effort. 

When  the  Proposed  Curriculum  was 
accepted  in  tentative  form  by  the  Cana- 
dian Nurses  Association  in  1936,  the 
Committee  realized  that  it  lacked  some- 
thing in  the  discussion  of  clinical  ex- 
perience as  the  most  important  aspect 
of  the  student  nurse's  preparation.  The 
Supplement  was,  therefore,  undertaken. 
These  two  documents  in  their  present 
form  have  been  widely  distributed  in 
schools  of  nursing  throughout  the  Do- 
minion. It  is  hoped  that  they  are  being 
used  critically  and  experimentally.  In 
the  light  of  changing  conditions  and 
new  emphases,  many  modifications 
should  be  made  in  their  contents.  The 
Committee  had  planned  to  make  a  start 


on  the  revision  during  the  past  bien- 
nium.  The  books  need  to  be  thorough- 
ly reviewed,  brought  up  to  date,  corre- 
lated and  made  available  in  one  volume, 
but  owing  to  the  war  and  its  repercus- 
sions affecting  the  administration  of 
schools  of  nursing  and  nursing  needs  it 
has  been  deemed  advisable  to  postpone 
this  work. 

While  problems  of  nursing  service 
are  most  pressing  at  the  present  time, 
we  must  continue  to  direct  our  attention 
to  educational  standards  which  are 
fundamental  to  nursing  service  and  to 
the  status  of  nursing.  The  shortage 
of  classroom  teachers  and  qualified  head 
nurses  and  clinical  supervisors  at  this 
time  has  created  a  serious  problem  in 
schools  of  nursing,  therefore  careful 
consideration  should  be  given  to  ad- 
ministrative adjustments  in  the  teaching 
programme  whereby  time  and  energy  of 
both  teachers  and  studen^^s  can  be  con- 
served, and  at  the  same  time  maintain 
the  quality  of  classroom  and  clinical 
instruction.  Two  speakers  have  been 
chosen  to  discuss  the  possible  adjust- 
ments. Miss  Norena  Mackenzie  will 
deal  with  the  administrative  problem, 
and  Miss  Jean  Wilson  will  discuss  the 
supplement  as  a  guide  to  more  effective 
clinical  teaching  and  supervision. 

The  acid  test  of  any  professional 
school  is  the  type  of  person  who  is  a 
product  of  its  programme  and  its  en- 
vironment. An  evaluation  of  the  nurse 
in  the  general  practice  of  nursing  should 
serve  as  a  means  of  determining 
strength  and  weaknesses  in  the  under- 
graduate course.  Miss  Madalene 
Baker,  chairman  of  the  General  Nur- 
sing Section,  (C.N. A.)  will  describe  the 
qualities  and  abilities  of  the  good  nurse 
and  indicate  to  what  extent  the  under- 
graduate course  serves  as  a  preparation 
for  the  general  practice  of  nursing. 

In  concluding  I  should  like  to  express 


SEPTEMBER,   1942 


654 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


my  thanks  and  sincere  appreciation  to 
provincial  Executives,  to  provincial  Sec- 
tions, and  all  those  who  have  so  ably 
supported  the  activities  of  the  Commit- 
tee on  Nursing  Education  during  the 
long  period  of  my  convenership.  It  has 
been  a  great  privilege  to  have  w^orked 
closely  with  so  many  members  of  our 
association.  The  inspiration  and  sense 
of  accomplishment  which  result  from 
the  work  of  committees  are  among  the 


intangible  factors  which  make  convener- 
ship  a  most  profitable  and  pleasant  ex- 
perience. 


Note :  The  various  activities  outlined  in 
this  report  of  the  Convener,  Committee  on 
Nursing  Education,  will  be  published  under 
specific  headings  as  presented  to  the  General 
Meeting  by  the  Conveners  who  were  res- 
ponsible for  the  projects  undertaken  during 
the  past  biennium. 


School  of  Nursing  Records 


Ruth    Thompson 


The  task  of  the  Sub-committee  on 
Records  is  to  develop  a  tentative  group 
of  School  of  Nursing  Record  Forms  to 
be  presented  for  approval  to  the  Cana- 
dian Nurses  Association.  It  is  hoped 
that  the  Schools  of  Nursing  in  Canada 
will  use  this  material,  criticising  its 
weak  points  and  suggesting  improve- 
ments, so  that  eventually  a  group  of 
standard  forms  may  be  built  up.  In 
developing  these  records,  we  must  select 
forms  and  material  suitable  for  use  in 
any  school  throughout  Canada.  This 
committee  is  fully  aware  of  the  many 
requests  that  records  be  simple  and 
easily  kept;  however,  they  must  also  be 
adequate  both  as  permanent  records  and 
for  administrative  purposes.  It  is  also 
proposed  that  routine  record  keeping 
should  be  so  arranged  that  it  may  be 
done  by  clerical  workers,  thus  relieving 
the  nursing  personnel  of  much  time- 
consuming  office   work. 

The  problem  confronting  us  is  to  de- 
termine what  ma<^erial  we  need,  how 
much  material  we  need,  and  how  to 
record    it    to    the    best    advantage.      A 


study  of  the  forms  in  use  indicates  that 
we  are  not  certain  what  data  is  neces- 
sary and  in  order  to  prevent  omission 
of  necessary  material,  we  include  much 
that  is  not  essential.  As  an  example, 
may  we  cite  the  recording  of  experience 
in  medical  nursing:  some  schools  record 
medical  nursing,  day  and  night;  some 
record  medical  nursing,  men  and 
women;  and  a  third  group  record  medi- 
cal nursing,  day  and  night,  and  men 
and  women.  Another  problem  is  to 
determine  what  constitutes  a  satisfac'^ory 
group  of  records  for  nursing  schools, 
and  to  suggest  a  title  for  each.  Uni- 
formity of  titles  and  terms  is  most  es- 
sential. At  the  present  time  the  same 
record  may  be  called  by  as  many  as 
six  different  titles,  and  entirely  different 
records  by  the  same  name.  Therefore, 
it  is  not  surprising  that  confusion  and 
misunderstanding  arises.  In  deciding 
how  to  record  data,  a  form  convenient 
for  use  and  filing  must  be  selected.  In 
this  respect  a  size  8V2"  x  11"  is  sug- 
■gested  since  this  conforms  to  regulation 
business    paper    and    is    convenient    for 


Vol.  38,  No.  9 


SCHOOL     OF     NURSING     RECORDS 


655 


filing  in  standard  cabinets.  Loose  leaf 
forms  would  appear  to  be  more  readily 
handled  and  filed  than  record  books. 

The  following  plan  of  the  procedure 
used  by  the  committee  will  convince  you 
that  it  guarantees  participation  by  all, 
and  should  assure  us  standard  forms 
answering  all  our  needs.  Each  Province 
has  appointed  a  provincial  representa- 
tive who  in  turn  has  a  committee  or  a 
group  of  schools  with  whom  she  con- 
sults. The  first  step  was  the  collection 
of  samples  of  all  records  used  in  the 
nursing  schools  of  Canada.  As  these 
were  received,  they  were  grouf)ed, 
studied,  and  a  composite  form  developed 
using  the  best  of  all  available  material. 
This  composite  record  form  will  be  re- 
turned to  the  provincial  representatives 
for  further  analysis  and  study.  After 
final  revision,  the  completed  record  will 
be  ready  for  distribution,  and  a  trial 
period  of  use.  Further  criticisms  and 
corrections  can  then  be  made  before 
adoption  as  a  standard  form.  The  many 
excellent  suggestions  and  ideas  received 
have  been  of  inestimable  value,  but  fur- 
ther assistance  and  co-operation  is  still 
necessary.  This  committee  is  pleased  to 
report  that  the  admission  file  is  nearing 
completion  and  will  be  ready  for  dis- 
tribution by  fall. 

As  suggested  previously,  one  of  the 
problems  is  to  determine  what  consti- 
tutes a  complete  set  of  nursing  records. 
A  suggested  category  of  records  was  sent 
out  according  to  routine  for  advice  and 
criticism  and  the  following  suggested 
list  of  records  is  presented  for  approval. 
All  terms  used  and  forms  suggested  are 
for  your   evaluation. 

Admission  File:  It  is  suggested  that 
the  following  forms  might  be  included 
in  this  file: 

Instruction  concerning  application  for  ad- 
mission and  the  School  Calendar.     Since  this 


is  individual  for  each  school,  the  committee 
does  not  suggest  a  standard  form. 

Application  form :  a  standard  form  is  to 
be  developed. 

Pre-entrance  medical  certificate :  a  stand- 
ard form  is  to  be  developed. 

Pre-entrance  dental  certificate :  a  standard 
form  is  to  be  developed. 

Personality  and  aptitude  rating :  this 
rating  is  very  desirable  but  probably  a  form 
is  not  feasible  at  the  present  time. 

Personal  interview :  suggested  material 
may  be  outlined. 

References :  standard  forms  will  be  de- 
veloped for  references  from  general  and 
high  school  principals. 

Form  for  General  Education  is  to  include 
an  official  transcript  of  academic  education. 

It  is  suggested  that  each  Province  might 
plan  an  educational  form  suitable  for  their 
own  use. 

Birth  certificate. 

Copy  of  acceptance  letter  and  instructions, 
(individual   for  each   School). 

A  ccomflishments  of  student:  The 
following  forms  might  be  included  un- 
der this  file: 

Classroom  attendance  and  instruction. 

Nursing  procedure  form. 

Outline   for  guidance  in  nursing  studies. 

Clinical  experience  record. 

Monthly  record  of  clinical  experience. 

Proficiency    record. 

Health  record  file:  This  file  would 
include  all  health  record  forms. 

Perm/inent  jile :  This  file  would  cons- 
titute a  permanent  record  to  contain  a 
summary  of  all  temporary  forms.  The 
permanent  record  envelope  should  af- 
ford space  for  a  record  of  post-graduate 
work. 

The  work  of  this  committee  has  just 
started.  Before  we  can  achieve  our  ob- 
jective, much  careful  painstaking  work 
has  yet  to  be  done.  Considerable  mate- 
rial must  be  forwarded  to  you  for  re- 
vision and  criticism.  On  your  sugges- 
tions and  efforts  the  success  of  this  work 
depends. 


SEPTEMBER.    1942 


Uniformity  in  Examinations  for  Registration 

Miriam  Gibson 


I  have  the  honor  and  the  pleasure  to 
present  the  report  of  the  study  on  Regis- 
tration Examinations  for  nurses  in  Can- 
ada, conducted  by  the  Committee  on 
Instruction  of  the  Hospital  and  School 
of  Nursing  Section,  of  the  C.N. A.,  at 
the  request  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  As- 
sociation. The  aim  and  purpose  of  this 
study  is  to  secure  uniformity  in  examina- 
tions for  nurse  registration.  In  order 
to  accomplish  this  uniformity  it  has  been 
necessary  to  determine  wherein  lie  the 
variations  and  to  seek  for  suggestions 
and  opinions  which  need  to  be  given 
consideration. 

A  set  of  examination  papers  was  first 
obtained  from  each  of  the  provinces.  An 
outline  of  the  study  was  then  prepared 
and,  together  with  a  complete  set  of 
the  papers,  was  forwarded  to  each  of  the 
provincial  committees  for  their  con- 
sideration. In  order  to  learn  something 
about  administrative  aspects  of  the  ex- 
aminations, questionnaires  were  sent  to 
the  Provincial  Registrars  from  whom 
there  have  been  excellent  responses.  The 
informa'"ion  thus  obtained  has  been  sum- 
marized and  forwarded  to  the  provin- 
cial registrars  and  committees  on  in- 
struction for  further  consideration.  The 
findings  of  the  committees,  which  show 
considerable  variation  in  a  number  of 
•points,  are  on  file  in  detail  for  the  use 
of  the  Commifee  on  Nurse  Education. 
There  was  much  to  be  learned  from 
each  province. 

This  report  is  planned  to  present  the 
essential  facts  from  the  results  of  the 
study  to  date  and,  as  will  be  seen,  gives 
food  for  thought.  In  considering  the 
ques^'ionnaire  which  was  sent  to  the 
provincial  registrars,  the  questions  which 


were  included  will  be  mentioned  and 
the  answer  wiU  be  given  briefly.  The 
questionnaire  was  arranged  under  seven 
headings  and  put  the  following  questions 
regarding  the  Council  of  Nurse  Educa- 
tion or  Board  of  Examiners: 

By  whom  are  they  appointed? 

To  whom  are  they  responsible? 

What  is  their  term  of  office? 

Does  the   Council  include  doctors? 

Are  there  educationalists  on  the  Council? 

Does  the  Council  consist  entirely  of 
nurses  ? 

State  any  other  professions  represented 
on  the   Council. 

The  answers  indicated  that  dietitians, 
professors  of  sciences  and  members  of 
the  teaching  profession  were  among 
those  appointed  to  the  Council.  The 
number  of  doctors  varied  from  none  to 
seven.  One  question  enquired  whether 
the  nurse  members  of  the  Council  are 
instructors  or  teaching  supervisors  m  the 
examination  subjects.  The  answers 
varied  from  "none"  to  "the  majority". 

An    analysis   of   the    qualifications   of 
Boards  of  Examiners  may  be  summar- 
ized  as   follows: 
Nurses : 
Instructors    of    nurses        from  0-5 ;  total  20 

Supervisors    from  0-2 ;  total  13 

Superintendents  of 

Nurses     . ., from  1-5 ;  total  16 

Assistant  superin- 
tendents          from  0-1 ;  total    2 

University  directors  . .  from  0-3 ;  total  3 
Provincial  directors 

or  registrars  . . .  < from  0-1 ;  total  2 

Members  of  Registered 

Nurses   Associations    . .     from  0-3 ;  total     3 

Doctors : 

Members  of   Medical 

Association ;  University 

professors ;    Minister    of 


656 


Vol.  38.  No.  9 


UNIFORMITY     IN     EXAMINATION 


657 


Department  of  Health ; 

directors,   etc from  0-7 ;  total  24 

Dietitians :      from  0-1 ;  total     4 

Educationalists :     from  0-1 ;  total     1 

Total  88 
Seven  Provinces  stated  that  a  mini- 
mum curriculum  was  in  use;  two  Prov- 
inces reported  the  use  of  The  Proposed 
Curriculum  for  Schools  of  Nursing  in 
Canada. 

The  Provinces  were  requested  to  out- 
line their  requirements  regarding  can- 
didates for  examination  and  were 
asked  whether  distinctive  application 
forms  were  available  for  student  nurses 
and  for  graduate  nurses.  The  follow- 
ing question  was  also  put:  "In  the  event 
that  a  cajididate  does  not  sit  for  exam- 
ination at  the  time  for  which  application 
is  filed,  is  a  second  recommendation  re- 
quired of  the  Superintendent  of  Nurses 
for  writing  at  a  later  date.^"  The  an- 
swers included:  yes;  no;  not  compul- 
sory;  depends  on  circumstances. 

Under  the  general  heading  of  exam- 
inations, the  following  questions  were 
put: 

Are     examinations     held     once    or    twice 
yearly  ? 

In  what   months  are  thev  held? 

What  is  the  examination  fee? 
The  answers  showed  that  the  major- 
ity are  held  twice  yearly;  in  one  Prov- 
ince they  are  held  once  yearly.  The 
majority  are  held  in  the  spring  and 
autumn;  one  Province  holds  them  in 
July.  The  examination  fee  ranges  from 
$4  to  $16;  the  majority  about  $10. 

The  number  of  papers  written  varies 
from  six  to  nine,  and  the  number  of 
hours  of  writing  varies  from  nine  to 
twenty-one.  The  papers  are  set  by 
nurses,  doctors  and  dietitians.  In  eight 
Provinces  papers  are  set  by  individual 
examiners;  in  one  Province  each  paper 
is  set  by  two  nurses.  In  most  Provinces 
the  papers  are  not  marked  in  commit- 
tee but  in  two  Provinces  the  committee 

SEPTEMBER,   1942 


meets  to  discuss  the  papers  and  analyse 
failures. 

The  following  questions  were  asked 
regarding  standards  of  marking: 

Is  marking  on  100  per  cent  basis? 
State  passmark.      (Answers — 50  and  60  per 
cent.) 

What  is  the  method  of  marking — to  pass 
or  up  to   100  per  cent? 

Is  there  an  average  to  be  maintained  in 
the  number  of  papers  marked  daily? 

Are  the  results  treated  statistically? 

In  eight  Provinces  the  results  of  ex- 
aminations are  made  public  and  are 
published  in  alphabetical  order;  in  one 
Province  results  are  not  made  public. 
In  eight  Provinces  the  results  are  for- 
warded to  the  schools  of  nursing;  in 
one  Province  they  are  sent  only  on  re- 
quest. In  the  majority  of  the  Provinces 
a  report  of  comments  made  by  the 
Committee  of  Examiners  is  forwarded 
to  each  School  following  the  examina- 
tions. 

In  case  of  failure,  the  number  of  sup- 
plemental examinations  permitted  out 
of  the  total  varies  from  two  to  "no  set 
limit".  In  most  Provinces  the  candi- 
date may  apply  for  a  re-reading  of  a 
paper;  in  three  Provinces,  she  may  not 
do  so;  in  one  Province,  the  paper  is  re- 
read before  the  announcement  of  failure 
is  made.  The  fee  for  re-reading  varies 
from  $5  to  "none  at  all".  The  number 
of  supplemental  which  may  be  taken  in 
any  one  subject  varies  from  one  to  "no 
limit".  In  some  Provinces  there  are 
no  regulations  to  which  candidates  for 
supplemental  examinations  must  con- 
form. One  Province  states  that:  "after 
two  failures  in  one  subject  the  candidate 
must  give  evidence  of  instruction  by  an 
approved  tutor  and  also  of  additional 
practical  experience  if  the  failure  is  in 
obstetrics,    paediatrics    or    dietetics." 

Presiding  officers  for  examinations 
include  registered  nurses  and  university 
or  high  school  officials.     In  most  cases 


658 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


they  receive  remuneration  ranging  from 
$4.  per  day  to  $2.50  for  a  three-hour 
session.  In  most  cases  examiners  are 
not  given  leave  of  absence  from  their 
hospital  positions  but  do  receive  their 
salaries  from  the  hospital  during  the 
marking  period.  The  examiners  receive 
remuneration  in  all  Provinces  except 
one.  The  rate  varies  from  twelve  and 
a  half  cents  to  fifty  cents  for  each  paper 
marked.  One  Province  pays  $3.50  for 
the  setting  of  a  paper  and  one  Province 
pays  $2.50  to  each  examiner  for  at- 
tending each  meeting  of  the  Committee 
of  Examiners. 

The  examinations  themselves  have 
been  studied  under  eight  main  topics 
and  the  comments  from  seven  provinces 
have  been  summarized  under  each  of 
these  topics: 

What  tyfes  of  questions  are  ad- 
visable? The  general  opinion  seems  to 
be  that  the  essay  and  objective  type 
questions  should  be  employed.  It  is  sug- 
gested that  the  objective  type  questions 
should  receive  the  emphasis  in  some  sub- 
jects, for  example,  anatomy  and  physio- 
logy, bacteriology,  materia  medica,  etc. 
and  that  tabulated  answers  be  required 
in  the  essay  type  questions. 

Is  the  contained  material  of  fractical 
value  to  fhe  nurse?  Many  papers 
showed  good  selection  of  subject  matter. 
However  it  was  felt  that  in  some  cases 
the  material  was  not  of  practical  value 
nor  was  it  always  suitable  for  registra- 
tion examinations. 

What  subjects  should  be  covered  in 
a  registration  examination?  The  fol- 
lowing table  lists  the  16  subjects  covered 
at  present  in  one  or  more  of  the  Prov- 
inces: 

Subject  Number  of  Provinces 

Anatomy  and  physiology    ....     9 

Bacteriology    4 

Communicable  diseases    5 

Dietetics  or  nutrition  8 

G>'naecology    6 


Health    education    1 

Hygiene  and  sanitation   4 

Materia    Medica    7 

Medical  nursing    9 

Nursing  technique  or  principles 

and   practices    4 

Obstetrics  or  obstetrical 

nursing       9 

Paediatrics  or  paediatric 

nursing       9 

Professional    problems    1 

Public   Health    1 

Surgical  nursing  (One  Province 

includes  orthopaedic  and  one 

includes  operating  room 

technique) 8 

Urological  nursing 

(male  nurses) 1 

In  response  to  a  suggestion  discussed 
in  seven  Provinces  that  the  number  of 

subjects  should  be  increased  from  16  to 
26,  the  following  response  was  made: 

Subject                        Number  of  Provinces 

Anatomy  and  physiology   ....  7 

Bacteriology       5 

Communicable  diseases    5 

Community   health    2 

Dietetics  and  nutrition    7 

First  aid  and  emergencies  ....  2 

Gynaecology      7 

Health  education 4 

Hygiene  and  sanitation   4 

Immunology        1 

Infant  feeding   2 

Materia  medica  and 

pharmacology     7 

Medical    nursing    7 

Mental  hygiene    1 

Nursing  technique    7 

Obstetrical  nursing  7 

Ophthalmology    and 

oto-laryngology      3 

Orthopaedic   surgery    2 

Paediatric  nursing    7 

Professional  problems  and 

ethics 3 

Psychology  or  psychiatry  ....  2 

Public    health     2 

Surgical    nursing    7 

Tuberculosis  nursing    1 


Vol.  38,  No.  9 


POSTGRADUATE    CLINICAL  EXPERIENCE     659 


Urological  nursing   3 

Venereal  disease  nursing   2 

Six  provinces  approved  of  a  represen- 
tative and  qualified  committee  preparing 
and  fnarking  each  paper,  and  it  is  pre- 
ferred that  the  marking  be  done  in  com- 
mittee. It  is  suggested  that  the  entire 
committee  may  not  be  required  for  the 
marking  of  papers  if  the  answers  have 
been  submitted  and  approved  of  before- 
hand. It  was  unanimously  recom- 
mended that  the  names  of  the  examiners 
should  not  appear  on  the  papers  and  it 
was  suggested  that  the  date  of  examina- 
tion, allotment  of  time,  and  values  of 
the  questions  should  all  appear  on  the 
papers. 

Some  form  of  examination  or  rating 
of  practical  work  during  the  senior  year 
is  approved  by  seven  Provinces.  Three 
Provinces  feel  that  this  examination 
should  be  part  of  the  R.N.  examinations. 
The  other  Provinces  prefer  that  it 
should  be  held  in  the  "home  school" 
and  not  as  a  part  of  the  R.N.  examina- 
tions. 

The  majority  of  the  Provinces  agree 
that  the   results  of  the   R.N.   examina- 


tions should  be  forwarded  in  detail  to 
the  "home  school".  It  is  suggested  that 
each  candidate  receive  her  marks  and 
that  the  "home  school"  be  also  notified 
before  the  results  are  published. 

Four  out  of  the  seven  Provinces  think 
that  it  would  be  helpful  to  prepare 
graphs  which  would  indicate  the  scores 
of  individual  candidates  in  each  subject 
plotted  opposite  a  letter  representing 
each  school.  Some  Provinces  ques- 
tioned the  necessity  for  such  graphs  on 
account  of  the  expense  involved.  One 
Province  suggested  that  the  relative 
standing  of  the  candidate  with  regard  to 
others  taking  the  same  examination 
should  be  sent  to  the  "home  school". 

In  closing,  I  quote  from  a  letter  re- 
ceived from  one  of  the  Provinces  as  it 
expresses  so  well  the  interest  that  has 
been   shown   by   all: 

Throughout  our  Pro'v^ince  the  nurses 
who  have  made  up  the  smaller  committees 
for  study  have  been  most  co-operative  and 
enthusiastic,  and  I  feel  that  we  have  all 
derived  a  keener  insight  into  the  problem  of 
improving  our  Registered  Nurses  Examina- 
tions. 


Postgraduate  Clinical  Experience 

M.   Blanche  Anderson 


While  there  has  been  a  need  in  Can- 
ada for  postgraduate  courses  for  nurses 
in  clinical  specialties,  established  on  a 
sound  educational  basis,  it  was  not  until 
the  war  made  rapid  and  devastating  de- 
pletion of  experienced  staff  that  action 
on  the  part  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  As- 
sociation seemed  necessary.  Courses  had 
been  available  in  the  United  States. 

In  June  1941  the  Execuive  Commit- 
tee of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association 
appointed  the  convener  of  the  Commit- 
tee on  Nursing  Education  and  the  chair- 


man. Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing 
Section,  with  their  respective  commit- 
tees, to  make  a  study  of  postgraduate 
courses.  Objectives  were  determined 
and  tentative  standards  for  postgraduate 
clinical  courses  set  up.  A  general  state- 
ment as  a  foreword  to  these  standards 
stated  the  need  for  specially  prepared 
nurses  in  the  clinical  services,  analyzed 
present  courses  offered  (which  according 
to  statements  received  from  represen- 
tatives of  the  provinces  are  largely  addi- 
tional  experience   courses)    and  empha- 


SEPTEMBER,   1942 


660 


THE     CANADIAN    NURSE 


sized  that  it  is  an  advanced  type  of  post- 
graduate work,  organized  on  an  educa- 
tional basis,  which  is  under  consideration. 

The  tentative  standards  were  com- 
prehensive and  dealt  with  all  aspects 
of  postgraduate  courses:  the  purpose; 
the  various  clinical  services;  co-ordina- 
tior  ^f  hospital  and  university  courses; 
the  medical  staff;  the  nursing  staff;  the 
need  for  specially  prepared  supervisors; 
the  hospital  nursing  service;  the  eligibil- 
ity of  the  applicant;  tuition  fees;  main- 
tenance; length  of  course;  plan  of 
course;  lectures  and  lecturers;  evaluat- 
ing the  student  and  her  work;  record 
of  achievement;  certification;  the  need 
of  standards. 

A  simple  questionnaire  was  then  pre- 
pared and  ,together  with  the  foreword 
and  tentative  standards,  was  given  wide 
distribution  to  schools  of  nursing  now 
giving  postgraduate  courses  or  likely  to 
have  satisfactory  clinical  experience  for 
this  purpose.  Lists  were  obtained  from 
the  registrar,  or  inspector  of  training 
schools,  of  each  province.  The  question- 
naire was  in  two  parts: 

Part  I.  What  post-graduate  courses  do 
you  offer  in  your  hospital?  According  to 
tentative  standards  what  do  you  consider : 
their  strong  points?   their  weak  points? 

Do  you  consider  it  possible  to  improve  the 
quality  of  these  existing  courses  and  by 
what  means? 

Part  II.  Are  there  other  clinical  depart- 
ments in  your  hospital  which  possess  suffi- 
cient clinical  resources  for  postgraduate  ex- 
perience? 

If  so,  is  there  a  possibility  of  providing 
the  necessary  educational  facilities  and  qual- 
ified supervisor  or  supervisors  to  establish 
a  postgraduate  course? 

This  report  will  not  deal  with  the 
detailed  statistics  of  the  replies  received 
but  will  attempt  to  give  a  general  analy- 
sis. Only  one  reply  stated  that  the  cour- 
se now  being  given  is  considered  entirely 
adequate.  In  general,  inadequacies  were 
not  thought  to  be  in  clinical  resources 


but  rather  in  a  lack  of  sufficient  nursing 
personnel  and/or  desirable  preparation 
of  the  staff  for  teaching  and  supervision. 
In  almost  all  cases  postgraduate  students 
were  considered  as  part  of  the  nursing 
service  of  the  hospital  to  an  extent  which 
definitely  interfered  with  the  working 
out  of  a  satisfactory  educational  pro- 
gramme. 

Replies  also  indicated  that  in  the  past 
applicants  for  postgraduate  courses  were 
usually  nurses  who  wished  to  obtain  ex- 
perience lacking  in  their  undergraduate 
training,  therefore  the  courses  established 
were  on  the  same  level  as  the  courses 
for  pupil  nurses  and  were  frequently 
taken  with  pupil  nurses. 

Clinical  resources  sufficient  to  estab- 
lish new  courses  were  reported  from  a 
number  of  hospitals  but  in  each  case 
it  was  added  that  additional  staff  would 
be  necessary  in  order  to  develop  such 
resources  and  such  additional  staff  nurse 
material  did  not  appear  to  be  available. 
The  possibility  of  using  educational  fa- 
cilities outside  the  hospital  was  sug- 
gested. (Universities,  normal  schools  and 
other  advanced  educational  institutions.) 

It  is  amply  evident  that  superinten- 
dents or  direcors  of  schools  of  nurs- 
ing are  aware  of  the  weaknesses  of  pre- 
sent postgraduate  courses  but  believe 
that  more  adequately  staffed  wards  and 
more  and  better  prepared  head  nurses, 
supervisors  and  teachers  are  essential  be- 
fore satisfacory  postgraduate  courses  can 
be  offered  to  nurses  who  wish  to  pre- 
pare themselves  for  head  nurse  and  su- 
pervisory positions. 

It  is  recommended  that  these  tenta- 
tive standards,  set  up  by  the  Joint  Com- 
mittee on  Nursing  Education  and  the 
Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing  Section 
of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association,  be 
sent  to  each  Provincial  Association  in 
order  that  further  suggestions  be  offered 
before  they  are  presented  to  the  C.N. A. 
for  approval. 


Vol.  38.  No.  9 


Modernizing  the  Manual  on  Home  Nursing 


Rae  Chittick 


The  work  of  revising  the  St.  John 
Ambulance  Home  Nursing  Manual  was 
begun  in  October  1941  by  Miss  J.  M. 
Connal,  instructor  in  the  Calgary  Gen- 
eral Hospital,  and  myself.  We  found 
the  undertaking  somewhat  difficult.  The 
general  set-up  of  the  book,  the  character 
of  the  writing,  the  illustrations,  as  well 
as  a  good  deal  of  the  content  did  not 
meet  Canadian  standards  or  seem  suit- 
able for  home  nursing  classes  in  Canada. 
Our  plan  was  to  eliminate  expressions 
and  terms  not  commonly  used  in  Can- 
ada, to  correct  those  sections  which  did 
not  seem   to  meet  with  commonly  ac- 


cepted practices  in  this  country,  and  to 
rewrite  entirely  those  sections  which 
seemed   out  of  date. 

The  material  was  reviewed  by  con- 
veners of  the  three  national  Sections, 
whose  suggestions  were  very  helpful. 
The  chapter  on  care  of  children  was 
rewritten  by  a  specialist  in  this  field  of 
paediatric  nursing.  It  was  suggested 
that  the  St.  John  Ambulance  Associa- 
tion choose  a  well-established  publishing 
house  in  order  that  skilled  work  be  done 
on  the  editing,  since  chapter  headings, 
glossary,  index  and  other  parts  of  the 
book   would  need  considerable   revision. 


Teaching  Material  for  First  Aid  Instruction 

Margaret  Kerr 


Why  should  the  Canadian  Nurses  As- 
sociation go  to  the  expense  of  printing 
or  mimeographing  material  to  supple- 
ment the  St.  John  Ambulance  Associa- 
tion text-book  in  First  Aid?  There  are 
several  hand-books  published  by  reputa- 
ble organizations  which  are  available 
if  additional  material  is  needed.  They 
come  at  various  prices  and  while  many 
contain  practically  the  same  material  as 
the  recognized  text,  there  are  some 
which  have  new  ideas,  new  treatments, 
new  ways  of  doing  the  old  things. 

To  see  the  whole  problem  in  its  true 
perspective,  let  us  go  back  to  the  session 
of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association  con- 


vention in  Calgary  in  1940  when  the 
topic  was  first  discussed.  Canada  had 
been  at  war  for  ten  months  and  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association  was  gird- 
ing itself  to  participate  in  every  way  pos- 
sible to  meet  the  obligations  which 
would  be  placed  upon  it.  One  p)oint 
which  came  up  for  consideration  was 
that  while  thousands  of  lay  men  and 
women  were  qualified  as  "first  aiders", 
relatively  few  members  of  our  associa- 
tion had  secured  even  their  first  certi- 
ficate in  first  aid.  Measured  against  the 
layman's  ability  to  handle  emergent 
situations  wherever  they  might  occur,  it 
was    agreed    that    the    average    nurse's 


SEPTEMBER,    1942 


661 


662 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


professional  background  did  not  fit  her 
with  the  skills  necessary  to  compete 
smoothly  and  easily  with  a  well-trained 
layman.  For  that  reason,  a  resolution 
was  approved  by  the  Convention  urging 
every  school  of  nursing  in  Canada  to  in- 
clude the  examination  for  the  first  aid 
certificate  of  the  St.  John  Ambulance 
Association  as  a  part  of  the  preparation 
of  the  student  nui^se.  Graduate  nurses 
were  urged  to  attend  classes  and  become 
qualified.  Special  arrangements  were 
made  through  the  St.  John  Ambulance 
Association  to  the  end  that  any  regis- 
tered nurse  might  qualify  in  a  period  of 
eight  months  to  take  the  examination 
for  an  instructor's  certificate  in  first  aid. 

One  of  the  most  important  points  that 
was  raised  in  connection  with  nurses  be- 
coming qualified  first-aiders  centred 
around  the  apparent  inadequacies  of  the 
text-book.  It  was  agreed  that  nurses 
had  a  background  superior  to  that  of 
the  average  layman  and  were  capable 
of  appreciating  many  points  in  the  care 
and  handling  of  persons  who  had  been 
injured  which  were  beyond  the  grasp 
of  the  layman.  For  that  reason,  the 
Nursing  Education  Committee  of  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association  was  de- 
puted to .  prepare  a  handbook  of  addi- 
tional material  which  could  be  made 
available  to  the  nurse-instructors  and 
possibly  also  to  their,  students.  The 
material  under  consideration  today  is  the 
result  of  that  assignment. 

What  is  the  situation  in  Canada  this 
June  of  1942.''  Hundreds,  probably 
thousands,  of  registered  nurses  have  re- 
ceived instruction  in  first  aid.  Certain- 
ly, in  this  two-year  period,  thousands  oi 
student  nurses  have  taken  one  or  more 
examinations.  All  that  is  required  to 
pass  the  examination  is  a  knowledge  of 
what  is  written  in  the  text-book  "First 
Aid  to  the  Injured",  and  an  ability  to 
remember    in    which    order    the    eight 


bandages  for  a  fractured  femur  are  tied, 
or  when  to  use  each  of  the  various 
slings,  or  how  to  perform  the  Schafer 
and  Sylvester  artificial  respiration,  or 
how  to  stop  severe  arterial  haemorrhage. 
Any  intelligent  person,  after  attending 
a  series  of  classes,  can  become  proficient 
and  pass  the  same  type  of  examination. 
Why  then  print  additional  material  in 
First  Aid? 

Today,  the  possible  emergencies 
facing  the  civilian  population  have  mul- 
tiplied a  thousand-fold  from  what  they 
were  in  1940.  There  is  a  threatened 
shortage  of  nurse-power  to  meet  the 
everyday  needs  of  our  communities  and 
to  muster  the  staffs  for  the  army,  navy 
and  air-force  hospitals.  Married  nurses 
and  those  who  have  been  reared,  per- 
haps for  years,  are  being  pressed  back 
into  service.  Apart  entirely  from  their 
nursing  art  and  skills,  what  do  they 
know  about  first  aid  in  emergencies? 
Compared  to  the  qualified  layman,  little 
or  nothing.  They  have  forgotten  much 
they  once  knew.  For  these  groups,  some 
additional  information  is  extremely  valu- 
able, and  for  these  groups  a  handbook 
of  material  such  as  has  been  prepared 
should  be  a  valuable  supplement. 

Every  nurse-instructor  in  schools  of 
nursing  is  being  pushed  to  the  limit  of 
her  capacity,  sometimes  almost  beyond 
it.  She  doubtless  has  library  facilities 
available  where  she  may  secure  addi- 
tional information  on  the  condition  of 
shock,  for  example,  or  haemorrhage  or 
poisons.  But  has  she  the  time  or  energy 
to  look  up  this  material?  It  is  to  save 
some  of  this  valuable  time  and  energy 
that  this  material  was  prepared.  It  is 
true  there  are  many  more  point^s  that 
could  be  included  in  the  material.  Any 
one  who  has  been  instructing  in  first  aid 
could  add  numerous  pointers  which 
might  prove  invaluable.  It  might  be 
wise,  if  it  is  decided  to  print  this  mate- 


Vol.  38,  No.  9 


THE  ADMINISTRATIVE  PROBLEM 


663 


rial,  to  do  it  in  loose-leaf  form  so  that 
each  one  of  us  could  send  along  sug- 
gestions and  ideas  which  would  be  of 
benefit  to  all.  Additional  sheets  could  be 
sent  out  from  the  Canadian  Nurses  As- 
sociation office  as  the  material  accumu- 
lated. Although  it  is  not  a  great  many 
months  since  the  committee  working 
with  me  completed  the  final  revision, 
there  are  a  dozen  new  ideas  which  have 
been  received  from  texts,  magazine  ar- 
ticles, doctors'  observations,  etc. 

Finally,  why  are  we  urging  nurses  to 
become  quahfied  in  first  aid?  Is  it  to 
pass  an  examination  and  secure  a  certifi- 
cate? Is  it  so  that  they  may  be  ready 
to  compete  with  lay  groups  in  providing 
aid  in  emergencies?  Or  is  it  because  we 
feel  sure  that  a  nurse,  with  all  her  other 
qualifications,  will  make  a  more  valuable 
citizen  if  she  is  as  well-equipped  to  ren- 


der first  aid  as  she  is  to  render  later 
aid  when  the  patient  is  removed  to 
a  hospital?  This  was  the  mo- 
tive in  preparing  the  "Additional 
Teaching  Material  in  First  Aid".  Any 
one  can  take  a  first  aid  course,  but  every 
nurse  who  takes  it  should  be  as  thor- 
oughly qualified  as  it  is  possible  to  make 
her.  Give  her  more  than  is  in  the  St. 
John  First  Aid  Manual!  Give  her  more 
than  is  in  the  supplementary  material! 
Her  appreciation  of  the  important  things 
in  caring  for  any  accident,  any  emer- 
gency, will  be  in  direct  proportion  to 
the  amount  of  information,  over  and 
above  the  limited  scope  of  the  approved 
text,  which  she  has  received.  Our  aim 
is  not  only  to  have  every  nurse  in  Can- 
ada a  holder  of  a  first  aid  certificate — 
it  is  to  have  her  qualified  so  that  she 
is  equal  to  any  and  every  emergency. 


The  Administrative  Problem 


NoRENA  Mackenzie 


The  administration  of  the  curriculum 
is  the  most  difficult  problem  with  which 
a  superintendent  of  nurses  has  to  deal 
and  occupies  much  of  her  thought  and 
time  in  normal  times  but  now,  in  this 
time  of  crisis,  it  must  of  necessity  receive 
more  attennon.  The  subject  is  so  com- 
prehensive that  one  can  only  suggest  a 
few  adjustments  that  may  assist  us  at 
this  time  and  which  may  be  of  great 
value  for  the  future. 

One  of  the  fundamental  principles  of 
the  proposed  curriculum  is  that  teach- 
ing must  not  be  isolated  in  one  depart- 
ment but  that  there  be  organized  con- 
tinuity in  teaching  and  in  its  application. 
Unless  we  have  a  programme  planned 


to  utilize  all  the  opportunities  that  every 
department  of  a  hospital  provides  for 
teaching  we  shall  have  fallen  short  of 
one  of  the  first  principles  contained  in 
the  curriculum.  In  our  great  desire  to 
build  up  our  schools  we  have  empha- 
sized the  instruction  in  the  classroom 
and  for  the  most  part  well  planned 
ward  teaching — or  planned  teaching  in 
other  departments — has  not  yet  become 
a  large  enough  part  of  the  educational 
programme  of  many  schools.  It  is  time- 
ly that  we  attempt  to  appraise  our 
efforts  now  when  we  are  short  of  quali- 
fied personnel  and  when  the  nursing 
service  with  its  increasing  demands  was 
never  so  rich  in  opportunity,  to  find  out 


SEPTEMBER,   1942 


664 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


if  we  cannot  by  better  planning  use  our 
teachers,  head  nurses  and  supervisors  to 
better  advantage  and  at  the  same  time 
provide  for  better  teaching. 

We  have  a  great  duph'cation  of  effort 
fci-annually  across  Canada,  teaching 
preh'minary  students.  It  does  seem  that 
central  preliminary  schools  would  elimi- 
nate much  of  that  to  the  advantage  of 
the  student,  who  would  receive  first 
consideration,  ajid  also  to  the  advantage 
of  the  home  school.  The  central  pre- 
liminary school  would  of  course  call  for 
better  prepared  students  which  in  turn 
means  that  the  students  could  carry 
heavier  assignments  and,  that  that  meth- 
od of  teaching  would  be  more  common- 
ly used.  It  is  well  known  that  group 
conferences  with  students  will  often  ac- 
complish more  than  formal  teaching 
because  that  form  of  teaching  is  so  often 
merely  telling — the  student  being  mere- 
ly a  passive  recipient.  We  must  not  be 
afraid  that  central  preliminary  schools 
and  the  better  selection  of  students  will 
reduce  the  number  of  applicants.  In 
one  province  where  the  entrance  re- 
quirement was  raised  to  senior  matricu- 
lation and  physics  and  chemistry  made 
obligatory  the  enrolment  is  greater  than 
ever.     This  in  war-time! 

In  many  schools  there  is  a  great  over- 
lapping and  little  co-ordination  of  teach- 
ing. This  occurs  when  instructors  have 
not  become  familiar  with  the  entire  pro- 
gramme and  have  not  realized  that  their 
subject  or  subjects  must  fit  into  the 
whole  in  its  proper  relationship.  For 
example,  I  have  known  the  process  of 
osmosis  to  be  taught  as  a  separate  lesson 
in  chemistry,  physiology,  pharmacology 
and  bacteriology;  there  is  no  justification 
for  its  receiving  so  much  time.  Again, 
if  the  instructor  teaching  practical  nurs- 
ing is  not  in  communication  with  the 
programme  of  the  science  teacher  the 
procedures  may  not  be  taught  at  the 
most  opportune  time  and  may  be  quite 


unrelated  to  the  rest  of  the  programme. 
While  this  lack  of  integration  is  un- 
desirable under  ordinary  conditions  it  is 
now  inexcusable  with  the  present  short- 
age of  qualified  nurses.  By  carefully 
examining  our  plans,  and  eliminating 
this  unnecessary  overlapping,  we  shall 
find  that  it  will  be  to  our  advantage 
because  it  would  make  for  more  ef- 
fective and  at  the  same  time  more  econ- 
omical teaching  because  much  time  de- 
voted to  repetition  would  be  saved. 

In  many  schools  note-books  are  still 
handed  in  to  be  corrected,  notes  are  still 
dictated  and  all  examinations  are  writ- 
ten. All  this  requires  hours  and  hours 
of  an  instructor's  time  which  is  greatly 
needed  for  more  necessary  work.  We 
shall  not  discuss  the  correcting  of  note- 
books except  to  reject  the  idea.  If  there 
must  be  dictation,  mimeographed  sheets 
will  serve  the  purpose.  Wri^'ten  ex- 
aminations are  necessary  but  all  exam- 
inations need  not  be  written.  There  is 
no  better  method  to  test  a  student's 
knowledge,  skills  and  ability  to  think 
quickly  and  accurately  than  an  oral  ex- 
amination. In  one  hour,  an  examiner 
can  do  more  for  more  students  and  at 
the  same  time  find  out  more  about  the 
student's  knowledge  than  by  envigilat- 
ing  for  hours  while  the  student  writes 
reams  and  then  spends  hours  marking 
papers.  An  oral  examination  of  course 
requires  a  competent  examiner. 

Many  of  our  over-burdened  class- 
room teachers  are  endeavouring  to  teach 
what  properly  belongs  in  the  ward 
teaching  plan.  This  is  being  done  be- 
cause they  fear  the  student  will  not  re- 
ceive it.  Now  the  head  nurse  must 
teach.  Any  head  nurse  who  says  she 
has  no  time  to  teach  admits  she  has  no 
time  to  nurse  her  patients  because  the 
patient  receives  the  nursing  care  the 
student  can  give.  Well  planned  and 
systematic  ward  teaching  is  the  fulfil- 
ment of  the  curriculum  in  that,  it  pro- 


Vol.  38,  No.  9 


THE     ADMINISTRATIVE     PROBLEM 


665 


vides  the  opportunity  for  the  student  to 
apply  the  knowledge  obtained  from 
every  subject  to  the  solution  of  her  nurs- 
ing problem.  Moreover,  each  student 
becomes  a  participant  in  the  other's 
problems  and  in  the  methods  used  in 
their  solution  by  means  of  the  ward 
conference.  If  the  head  nurse  must 
teach  she  must  have  guidance  and  pre- 
paration for  it.  Have  we  in  our  schools 
programmes  for  staff  education  that  are 
really  meeting  the  needs  of  the  head 
nurse? 

Again,  time  is  one  of  the  greatest 
factors  opposing  ward  teaching  and  a 
good  deal  of  time  may  be  wasted  if  we 
do  not  constantly  analyze  our  nursing 
procedures  and  bring  them  up  to  date. 
A  nursing  procedure  has  to  satisfy  three 
demands — the  standard  demanded  by 
the  therapeutic  effect  to  be  obtained,  and 
the  safety  and  the  comfort  of  the  pa- 
tient. Therefore  revision  of  our  proce- 
dures ought  not  to  be  difficult.  In  a 
recent  journal  we  read  that  15  hours 
per  week  were  saved  after  revising  the 
technique  of  administering  the  hypoder- 
mic. That  could  be  multiplied  many 
times. 

Because  of  the  demands  of  the  nurs- 
ing service  we  have  on  the  wards  some 
of  our  cleverest  young  women  in  the 
person  of  the  general  duty  nurse.  Can 
we  not  provide  for  her  growth  in  the 
staff  education  programme  and  can  we 
not  obtain  more  assistance  in  ward 
teaching  and  supervision  by  including 
the  general  duty  nurse  in  the  ward  pro- 


gramme 


A  great  deal  of  time  could  be  saved 
in  supervision,  and  at  the  same  time 
provide  for  a  better  sequence  in  training, 
if  the  student's  clinical  rotation  were 
completed  for  the  three  years  when  she 
was  received  into  the  school.  It  is  tenta- 
tive we  know,  because  nothing  has  such 
a  high  casualty  list,  but  there  is  nothing 
that    provides    so    much    for    continuity 

SEPTEMBER,  1942 


of  learning  because  one  is  aiming  to 
co-ordinate  proper  ward  experience  and 
class-room  instruction. 

A  few  ways  and  means  have  been  re- 
viewed which  might  conserve  time  and 
energy  and  preserve  the  quality  of  the 
curriculum.  We  realize  we  are  short 
of  qualified  teachers  and  experienced 
head  nurses  but  that  is  our  greatest  chal- 
lenge and  teachers  and  head  nurses  can 
only  accomplish  to  the  extent  they  are 
given  guidance  and  assistance.  That  is 
the  responsibility  of  the  superintendents 
of  nurses  across  Canada.  At  this  time 
of  year,  when  school  programmes  are 
being  planned,  may  we  not  ask  to  have 
a  more  carefully  planned  undergraduate 
educational  programme  for  every 
school:  May  we  ask  that  all  staff  mem- 
bers become  au  fait  with  their  own 
school  programmer  Can  we  not  begin 
to  develop  the  latent  ability  in  our  young 
head  nurses  and  general  duty  nurses  by 
a  well  thought  out  staff  education  plan. 
The  objection  to  this  will  be,  "there  is 
no  time!"  Superintendents  of  nurses 
must  try  to  make  these  young  women 
see  that  coming  together  for  their  own 
professional  growth,  and  to  learn  more 
about  planning  their  work,  will  ultima- 
tely save  a  great  deal  of  time. 

One  word  more:  the  laity  is  slowly 
but  surely  beginning  to  appreciate  the 
meaning  of  a  well-qualified  nurse  and 
is  becoming  vocal  about  it.  This  is  due, 
of  course,  to  the  shortage  of  nurses. 
Apropos  of  that  may  I  refer  you  to  Miss 
Bromley's  excellent  article  in  Harper's 
Magazine  for  June  in  which  she  says, 
"None  of  us  know  what  the  post-war 
period  will  be  like  but  it  is  a  safe  predic- 
tion that  well-qualified  nurses  will  be 
needed  in  large  numbers".  Such  a  state- 
ment is  a  challenge  to  us  to  adhere  as 
closely  as  we  can  to  standards  set  within 
the  Proposed  Curriculum  and  to  see  that 
when  stringent  methods  must  be  applied, 
that  what  is  most  essential  is  preserved. 


clinical  Teaching  and  Supervision 


M.  Jean  Wilson 


In  presenting  this  brief  contribution 
to  the  discussion  concerning  the  Curri- 
culum and  its  Supplement,  I  must  start 
with  some  material  which  has  come  in 
from  a  number  of  schools.  This  ar- 
rived in  answer  to  a  questionnaire  ad- 
dressed to  these  schools  by  the  Commit- 
tee on  Nursing  Education.  Since  the 
Committee  asked  that  the  replies  be  ad- 
dressed to  me,  I  have  summarized  them 
very  briefly  as  follows: 

It  appears  that  these  schools  are  using  the 
Supplement.  The  instructresses  and  head 
nurses  are  familiar  with  it,  except  where 
recent  changes  have  resulted  in  younger  and 
less  well  prepared  nurses  being  taken  on  the 
staffs. 

The  Supplement  has  been  of  service  in 
helping  schools  to  establish  or  maintain  and 
improve,  the  method  of  patient  assignment, 
nursing  clinics,  and  individual  conferences 
with  students. 

The  suggested  ward  outline  is  not  being 
used  generally. 

The  Supplement  has  helped  to  develop 
nursing  as  a  function  that  includes  preven- 
tive and  health  aspects  as  well  as  curative. 

Some  schools  have  had  well  planned  staff 
conferences  for  a  number  of  years.  The 
Supplement  encouraged  the  initiation  or  the 
improvement  of  these  in  other  schools. 

The  whole  tone  of  the  replies  was  such 
that  one  cannot  doubt  the  value  the  Sup- 
plement has  been  to  these  schools. 

The  Supplement  offers  such  a  wealth 
of  material  that  it  is  difficult  to  pick  out 
particular  points  for  emphasis.  You 
will  recall  that  the  first  sections  are 
given  over  to  a  discussion  of  the  prin- 
ciples of  education  as  applied  to  nursing, 
the  resources  for,  and  the  organization 
of,  the  clinical  programme.  Already 
we    have    heard    from    one    speaker    of 


problems  in  the  administration  of  nurs- 
ing education  in  the  clinical  field.  Let 
us  acknowledge  these  problems  and  pro- 
ceed with  the  topic  of  clinical  teaching, 
even  though  we  are  aware  that  our 
teaching  must  be  conditioned  by  these. 

Several  methods  of  clinical  teaching 
are  listed  in  the  Supplement  including,  . 
nursing  clinics,  morning  circle,  patient 
studies  and  so  on.  But  all  these  various 
methods  of  clinical  teaching  will  not 
serve  their  true  purpose  if  the  student's 
attention  is  not  focussed  on  her  own 
patients  and  aid  given  her  in  knowing 
and  achieving  certain  standards  of 
quality  in  her  work.  The  Supplement 
has  listed  as  standards  for  the  evalua- 
tion of  nursing  care  the  safety,  the  com- 
fort, and  the  happiness  of  the  patient; 
the  therapeutic  effect  of  nursing  treat- 
ments; conservation  of  time  and  ener- 
gy; economy  and  careful  use  of  nursing 
equipment  and  materials;  and  the  use 
made  of  teaching  opportunities.  We 
claim  that  we  approve  these  standards. 
Do  we  keep  them  before  the  student 
throughout  her  clinical  experience?  In 
busy  times  like  these  do  we  make  sure 
we  have  done  all  we  can  to  aid  her  in 
conserving  her  time  and  energy.?  Do 
we  remember  these  standards  when  we 
evaluate  the  student  or  are  we  still 
prone  to  put  the  emphasis  on  lesser 
things.'' 

It  is  surely  true  that  to  carry  out  such 
a  clinical  programme  as  the  Supplement 
advocates  requires  the  understanding 
and  co-operation  of  the  whole  staff.  The 
Supplement  breathes  this  spirit  from 
cover  to  cover  commencing  with  those 
numerous  questions  which  fall  under  the 
heading  "The  Challenge  to  Nursing 
Education."  A  belief  in  the  philosophy 


.666 


Vol.  38.  No.  9 


CLINICAL  TEACHING  AND  SUPERVISION     667 


implied  in  these  questions  would  seem 
ta  be  essential  for  all  members  of  the 
staff.  Surely  that,  rather  than  the  ques- 
tion of  method,  is  the  necessary  starting 
point  for  those  commencing  program- 
mes in  clinical  teaching. 

Planning  has  been  stressed,  and  I 
have  observed  that  much  more  is  ac- 
complished if  the  ward  teaching  pro- 
gramme is  f>osted  a  week  in  advance  so 
that  students  may  plan  their  work  ac- 
cordingly. Often  there  is  disappoint- 
ment and  a  sense  of  frustration  but  the 
records  show  a  greater  balance  of  ac- 
complishment when  this  programme  is 
committed  to  writing  than  when  left  to 
day  by  day  planning.  There  is  also 
more  possibihty  of  the  patient  as  a  person 
being  the  center  of  the  plan  and  of  pre- 
ventive and  community  aspects  being 
presented.  Since  time  is  a  factor  we 
must  make  every  minute  count. 

I  feel,  too,  that  in  these  times  we 
would  profit  if  the  head  nurses  who 
have  not  already  done  so  would  analyze 
the  possibilities  that  their  own  wards 
offer  to  the  students.  This  is  particular- 
ly easy  if  the  hospital  has  segregated 
services.  Then  the  prepared  outlines 
could  be  posted  for  reference  for  all 
students  arriving  on  those  wards.  It 
would  increase  their  interest  even  more 
and  probably  give  them  direction  in  their 
individual  studies. 

In  closing  may  I  pass  on  three  or  four 
points  which  have  been  of  great  satis- 
faction to  me  in  my  clinical  teaching 
during  this  past  year.  Let  me  sum 
them  up  under  the  heading,  "Oppor- 
tunities for  teaching  on  the  part  of  the 
student  herself."  Those  of  us  who  are 
teaching  realize  that  we  never  learn  so 
well  as  when  preparing  material  for 
teaching.  I  have  given  the  students  the 
opportunity  to  discover  the  truth  of  this 
principle.  Here  are  some  of  the  meth- 
ods which  were  used. 

SEPTEMBER.   1942 


In  the  preliminary  period,  when  a 
number  of  students  are  together  in  one 
section  of  the  ward,  each  student  is 
given  a  special  assignment  for  a  week. 
During  this  week  she  offers  plans  to  the 
instructor  for  the  activities  of  her  group, 
for  assigning  ward  duties  to  her  class- 
mates, for  choosing  the  subjects  for 
nursing  clinics,  ajid  presenting  for  dis- 
cussion the  problems  of  the  group  con- 
cerning the  care  of  their  patients.  At 
the  end  of  this  period  she  submits  a  brief 
written  report  summing  up  the  week's 
programme,  her  successes  and  difficul- 
ties, criticizing  herself  or  the  group  as 
a  whole  and  making  suggestions.  I 
might  add  that  some  of  these  sugges- 
tions have  been  very  worthwhile  and 
acceptable. 

Another  means  of  affording  an  op- 
portunity to  teach  is  to  have  a  student 
demonstrate  to  two  or  three  of  her 
classmates,  a  procedure  which  she  has 
practised,  such  as  the  special  care  being 
given  to  the  feet  of  her  diabetic  patient. 
The  diabetic  patient  offers  a  wealth  of 
opportunities  for  teaching  by  the  student, 
and  again  in  this  connection,  we  have 
had  some  happy  experiences.  Of  par- 
ticular value  to  the  instructor  is  the 
person  who  has  returned  to  the  ward 
for  a  second  time,  who  willingly  joins  a 
small  group  and  explains  what  her  big- 
gest problems  were  upon  discharge  from 
hospital.  How  easy  it  would  be  for  the 
instructor  to  pass  on  to  such  an  indivi- 
dual what  information  she  possesses,  but 
how  much  better  to  allow  the  student 
nurse  to  arrive  at  the  answers  by  means 
of  discussions  with  her  head  nurse  and 
other  members  of  the  staff,  and  then 
to  have  the  thrill  of  sharing  this  and 
explaining  it  to  the  patient. 

Then,  the  nursing  conference.  In 
this  connection,  usually  two  or  three 
students  are  posted  to  assist  the  instruc- 
tor: for  example,  one  afternoon  we  dis- 


668 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


cussed  the  care  of  patients  who  had  had 
eye  operations  for  cataract  and  de- 
tached retina.  One  student  demons- 
trated to  the  others  the  method  she  had 
used  to  move  her  patient,  to  give  care 
to  the  back,  and  to  change  the  bed 
h'nen.  Another  student  from  the  diet- 
ary department  presented  some  mate- 
rial from  recent  articles  on  the  relation- 
ship of  diet  to  eye  health.  A  third  ex- 
plained about  the  medications  she  was 
using  in  her  patient's  eyes.  To  round 
off  the  conference,  another  member  of 
our  staff  helped  us  with  questions  which 
came  up  concerning  such  matters  as  the 
securing  of  artificial  eyes,  old  age  pen- 
sions, pensions  for  the  blind  etc. 

May  I  mention  just  one  other  means? 
A  more  senior  nurse,  even  a  second 
year  student,  may  give  a  small  amount 
of  teaching  to  a  group  of  first-year 
students.  By  way  of  illustration,  one 
week  the  doctor  had  introduced  the  sub- 
ject of  diabetes  in   his  lectures,   and  in 


our  nursing  conference  we  discussed  the 
problems  in  caring  for  these  patients; 
later,  on  the  ward,  a  second  year 
student,  who  was  also  nursing  a  diabetic 
patient,  told  the  group  of  first  year 
students  something  of  her  patient's  back- 
ground, reviewed  the  probably  ore-dis- 
posing factors  of  her  condition,  and 
then  demonstrated  some  points  in  the 
nursing  care.  Although  these  attempts 
at  providing  opportunities  for  student 
teaching  require  a  great  deal  of  time 
and  effort  in  preparation  and  care  in 
handling,  the  results  are  too  good  to  be 
lost. 

For  those  who  are  just  commencing 
as  clinical  instructors  in  these  difficult 
times,  may  I  emphasize  the  help  you 
will  gain  from  the  Supplement.  For 
those  of  us  who  are  to  continue  with  the 
work,  may  we  review  it  at  times,  find- 
ing there  confirmation  of  our  philosophy 
and  renewed  encouragement  to  aid  in 
the  further  development  of  its  practices. 


Preparation  for  the  General  Practice  of  Nursing 

Madalene  Baker 


No  matter  how  completely  a  teaching 
programme  is  carried  on,  the  product  of 
the  course  will  never  prove  fully  satis- 
factory unless  there  is  very  careful  selec- 
tion of  students  and  maintenance  of 
standards  for  admission  to  schools  of 
nursing.  It  is  true  there  are  certain 
composite  traits  which  tend  to  develop 
a  successful  nurse:  a  person  of  good 
character,  good  morals,  who  is  loyal 
and  dependable;  one  with  a  cheerful 
outlook  and  a  genuine  liking  for  people; 
self-control,  seasoned  with  a  lot  of  pa- 
tience and  a  sense  of  humour.  But  these 
personal  qualifications  are  not  enough — 
she  must  have  a  head  and  a  heart,  as 
•>well  as  hands  and  feet.     A  high  grade 


of  intelligence  is  imperative  if  we  hope 
to  carry  out  the  purpose  and  objective 
of  nursing  in  promoting  the  welfare  and 
happiness  of  the  patient.  In  general 
practice,  the  nurse  works  with  all  classes 
of  people,  from  the  unlearned  to  the 
most  scholastic.  The  more  intelligent 
and  informed  the  patient  is,  the  more 
the  nurse  is  challenged.  A  good  sound 
educational  and  cultural  background  is 
necessary  if  we  expect  to  develop  the 
student   to   fit  into   the   picture. 

The  basic  course  is  reflected  in  the 
practice  of  private  duty  and  general 
staff  nurses.  In  discussing  what  in  the 
curriculum  is  most  important  in  under- 
graduate training  to  prepare   the  nurse 


Vol.  38,  No.  9 


GENERAL     PRACTICE     OF     NURSING 


669 


for  general  practice,  bedside  nursing 
comes  first.  Bedside  nursing  is  the  cor- 
nerstone of  undergraduate  education. 
The  professional  qualifications  of  a  good 
bedside  nurse  are  many.  First,  she  must 
know  the  theory  and  principles  of  nurs- 
ing, and  it  is  important  to  have  learned 
how  to  apply  those  principles  effectively. 
It  is  equally  important  that  she  under- 
stands why  she  applies  the  principles. 
She  needs  to  be  developed  to  be  thor- 
ough in  adapting  her  skills  to  make  the 
patient  comfortable,  to  be  observant,  to 
anticipate  wants,  to  recognize  signs  and 
symptoms,  not  only  physical,  but  mental 
as  well;  to  develop  an  understanding 
of  the  patient,  which  reaches  beyond 
him  to  his  family.  She  must  be  im- 
pressed with  the  close  relationship  be- 
tween health  habits  and  all  nursing — 
curative  and  preventive — and  be  pre- 
pared to  explain  and  to  demonstrate  the 
principles  of  health  and  to  help  her  pa- 
tients apply  them  in  their  everyday 
living. 

The  curative  aspect  has  been  out  in 
front  for  many  years.  It  is  still  our 
duty  to  try  and  cure  disease.  But  bed- 
side nursing  is  a  great  deal  more  than 
merely  attending  to  physical  needs — it 
carries  with  it  a  responsibility  to  en- 
deavour to  prevent  sickness  and  to  pro- 
mote and  maintain  health.  We  have  a 
teaching  function  at  the  bedside  of  the 
patient,  either  in  the  hospital  or  in  the 
home.  The  very  nature  of  our  work 
imposes  upon  us  the  greatest  responsibi- 
lity to  teach.  The  bedside  nurse  has  a 
matchless  opportunity  to  make  the 
science  of  healthful  living  understand- 
able and  interesting,  to  give  guidance 
in  good  habit  formation,  and  to  develop 
a  sense  of  health  values  in  the  patient 
and  in  his  family.  To  accomplish  this 
tactfully,  we  need  to  know  something 
of  the  technique  of  approach — we  must 
know  how,   why,  when  and  where  to 


apply  that  teaching.  The  patient  as- 
signment method  in  undergraduate 
training  provides  opportunity  for  the 
student  to  learn  what  the  nurse  in  gen- 
eral practice  needs  to  know:  how  to 
plan  for  complete  nursing  care;  how 
to  nurse  the  patient  as  a  whole,  mind 
as  well  as  body;  how  to  regard  him  as 
a  person  who  is  a  member  of  a  family 
which  is  a  part  of  the  community;  how 
to  apply  the  principles  of  nursing  tech- 
niques and  health  teaching,  with  suffi- 
cient freedom  under  control  to  develop 
initiative  and  resourcefulness — both  so 
necessary  if  we  are  to  be  successful. 

I  would  like  to  champion  the  impor- 
tance placed  upon  tests  and  evaluation 
of  the  resourcefulness  and  initiative  of 
the  student,  with  the  idea  that  her  mind 
would  be  focused  toward  adjustment  to 
home  nursing.  To-day  we  are  dis- 
turbed because  many  private  duty  nurses 
register  for  hospital  cases  only.  By 
making  some  enquiries,  we  discovered 
that  to  a  large  extent  this  selectivity  is 
attributable  to  fear,  which  is  due  to  lack 
of  knowledge  of  how  to  adjust  to  econ- 
omic and  social  conditions  in  home  situa- 
tions. The  nurse  needs  to  be  impressed 
to  use  what  she  finds  in  the  home,  in- 
stead of  using  the  corner  drug  store  and 
the  departmental  store  as  a  central  sup- 
ply room.  The  use  of  improvised  equip- 
ment and  the  simple  things,  such  as 
clean  linen  for  bandages,  how  to  keep 
a  heart  case  comfortable  in  a  sitting  posi- 
tion without  buying  or  renting  a  hos- 
pital bed,  are  necessary  if  we  would 
keep  a  patient  and  his  family  happy. 
Recognition  is  given  to  the  value  of  the 
senior  student  to  the  institution,  but  we 
must  never  lose  sight  of  the  fact  that 
we  are  preparing  the  student  for  the 
general  practice  of  nursing.  It  would 
be  helpful,  near  the  completion  of  the 
course,  if  special  instruction  in  home  ad- 
justments   could    be    given,    including 


SEPTEMBER,  1942 


670 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


technique  of  approach  and  relationships 
to  other  members  of  the  family. 

Another  point  in  the  curriculum  I 
wish  to  emphasize  is  helping  the  patient 
to  live  "mentally".  Their  mental  at- 
titude is  of  major  importance  in  regain- 
ing health,  in  maintaining  health,  and 
in  making  any  necessary  adjustments. 
The  inclusion  of  psychiatric  nursing  is 
extremely  important,  and  I  will  go  so 
far  as  to  say  that  actual  experience  with 
disturbed  patients  would  be  of  great 
value  in  the  development  of  every 
nurse.  We  also  need  a  thorough 
knowledge  of  communicable  diseases, 
including  the  preventive  aspect.  Health 
education  is  sought  and  should  be  found 
in  every  nurse. 

We  need  individual  conferences  to 
bring  out  our  successes,  our  weaknesses 
and  our  difficulties;  there  cannot  be  too 
many  of  such  conferences — the  benefits 
are  immeasurable.  One  of  the  most 
important  aspects  of  the  curriculum  in 
developing  the  student,  is  the  people  she 
meets — I  mean  the  staff —  their  under- 
standing and  their  ability  to  give  direc- 
tion, to  challenge  the  student  to  think 
and  to  speak  for  herself,  to  develop 
various  ways  of  doing  things  and  to 
arrive  at  the  same  ultimate  end;  to  plan 
for  the  individual  patient's  needs  and  to 
broaden  her  scope  of  work  to  include 
some  responsibihty  for  the  future  wel- 
fare of  the  person  whom  she  nurses; 
all  of  these  have  a  bearing  upon  the 
development  of  the  right  type  of  person. 
I  do  not  think  it  would  upset  the  Hos- 
pital if  students  were  encouraged  to  ex- 
press themselves.  It  would  just  upset 
a  tradition.  We  need  more  and  better 
clinical  teaching  on  the  ward,  and  more 
supervision. 

In  no  work  is  it  more  important  that 
the  nurse  be  intelligent,  capable,  enthu- 
siastic and  adaptable  than  in  general 
nursing.  Private  duty  nurses  are  the 
members   of    the    profession    that    come 


the  closest  to  that  level  of  society  which 
demands  most  and  is  most  critical;  they, 
and  general  staff  nurses,  are  examples 
of  what  nurse  education  is  supposed  to 
be.  To  a  large  extent,  the  public  use 
them  for  a  measuring  rod  of  the  pro- 
fession. Poorly  prepared,  they  will 
prove  a  headache  to  the  community  and, 
undoubtedly,  a  heartache  to  their  school 
of  nursing.  There  are  failures  in  gen- 
eral practice — such  complete  failures 
that  from  the  time  they  graduate  they 
are  not  called  to  work  in  their  own 
hospital,  where  they  would  be  under 
supervision,  but  registries  are  expected 
to  find  them  work  in  the  field  where, 
as  yet,  there  is  no  supervision. 

The  carefully  selected  student  with  a 
good  sound  educational  and  cultural 
background,  with  three  years  of  inten- 
sive training  of  qualitative  instruction 
and  adequate  supervision,  will  not  be  a 
failure.  She  will  be  impressed  and  will 
understand  the  broader  aspects  of  nurs- 
ing. She  will  be  made  aware  of  her 
responsibilities — not  as  routine  proce- 
dures, but  as  important  functions  of  the 
hospital  and  the  community.  Her  ulti- 
mate aim  will  be  to  restore  and  to  main- 
tain health  and  to  be  interested  in  the 
welfare  of  patients  and  their  families. 
The  broadness  and  thoroughness  of  her 
education  must  make  her  confident  and 
secure  in  her  work,  to  such  an  extent 
that  she  will  inspire  confidence  in  those 
with  whom  she  comes  in  contact.  She 
will  have  developed  a  proper  bedside  ap- 
proach and  will  have  a  foundation  for 
any  branch  of  the  work  which  she  may 
desire  to  follow. 

To  implement  the  recommendations 
in  the  Curriculum  and  the  Supplement 
means  to  safeguard  the  standard  of 
nursing  for  the  future,  in  the  hospital, 
in  the  home  and  in  specialized  nursing. 
Nurse  educators,  the  quality  oft  she  frod- 
uct  of  the  basic  course  defends  upon 
you! 

Vol.  38.  No.  9 


Staff  Education 


Marjorie  Jenkins 


The  subject  of  staff  preparation  con- 
jures up  a  challenge  and  a  very  in- 
teresting one  these  days  when  anything 
in  the  line  of  a  plan  is  apt  to  be  shot 
to  the  winds  at  a  moment's  notice  or 
forced  to  a  sharp  turn-about  and  to  a 
new  beginning  or  to  variable  readapta- 
tions.  One  may  have  a  beautifidly 
worked  out  staff  programme  at  the  be- 
ginning of  the  year  and  find  oneself  at 
the  end  of  the  year  struggling  to  hold 
it  together  with  a  staff  largely  diluted 
with  new-comers.  One's  heart  grows 
faint  as  one  watches  the  exodus  of  the 
interested  ones  and  must  be  content  to 
receive  new  members  in  their  place.  If 
we  face  facts,  this  is  bound  to  be  the 
experience  of  many  of  us.  I  therefore 
propose  to  take  up  the  discussion  of  my 
subject   at   this  point. 

We  all  know  the  difficulty.  It  is 
hard  to  stir  real  interest  in  the  young 
graduate  whose  mind  is  on  the  prospect 
of  marriage  or  active  enlistment,  whose 
main  purpose  in  her  hospital  position  is 
the  economic  one,  and  who  intends, 
deep  down  in  her  heart,  only  to  bridge 
a  temporary  gap  of  waiting.  This  rest- 
less atmosphere  of  change  and  shift  and 
indeterminate  future  which  permeates 
hospital  staffs  today  is  detrimental  to  the 
sound  success  of  any  program  that  pre- 
supposes permanency.  It  creates  a  feel- 
ing of  futility  in  the  director  who  knows 
that  many  of  the  participants  for  whom 
the  programme  is  aimed  will  not  be  in 
the  hospital  with  her  the  next  year. 
Yet  staff  preparation  must  go  on,  for 
progressive  trends  in  our  profession  de- 
mand the  participation  of  the  staff  in 
the  teaching  of  the  student  and  in  the 
whole  educational  experience  of  her 
training.  How  then  can  we  interest 
the   staff   nurses,   young  or   mature,   in 

SEPTEMBER.   1942 


the  important  role  of  participation  to 
such  a  degree  as  to  retain  them  for 
longer  periods?     This  is  our  problem. 

I  am  convinced  that  there  must  be  an 
essential  motive  for  their  participation 
to-day,  impelling  enough  to  capture  the 
imagination  and  emotions,  and  related 
vitally  to  the  world  struggle  in  which 
we  are  involved.  Can  we  obtain  this 
by  giving  the  staff  a  vision  of  the  im- 
portance of  nursing  after  the  war?  Can 
we  emphasize  the  health  regeneration 
that  will  be  needed  by  the  crushed  and 
drained  sections  of  society  now  Under 
the  enemy  heel  and  the  professional  opn 
portunity  for  service  all  over  the  world 
when  the  smoke  of  battle  is  gone?  Can 
we  grip  them  with  the  need  for  special 
preparation  for  this  time?  Can  we  make 
them  feel  that  this  readiness  for  the 
future  will  depend  largely  upon  them, 
their  contribution  because  every  student 
is  now  a  potential  servant  of  that  fu- 
ture? Can  we  make  them  feel  that 
they  are  really  needed — that  their  enlist- 
ment in  the  service  of  civilian  hospitals 
is  as  truly  enlistment  in  the  conflict  as 
that  of  their  sisters  who  have  donned  the 
military  uniform?  Can  we  persuade 
them  that  the  battle  fronts  are  every- 
where where  work  is  being  done  for  the 
betterment  of  the  human  racer — for  this 
is  what  we  are  fighting  for  and  that  ac- 
cording to  the  degree  in  which  they 
give  themselves  to  this  cause  they,  too, 
share  in  the  war  effort?  Can  we 
appeal  to  them  to  play  a  part  that  must 
be  played  by  someone — to  stand  by  the 
civilian  hospital  with  its  nursing  school, 
for  nursing  schools  are  the  sources  of 
our  profession.  .  Can  we  plead  with 
them  to  share  in  this  responsibility  of 
producing  young  nurses  for  nursing? 
Can  we  point  out  to  them  that  in  such 

671 


672 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


an  undertaking  they  are  developing 
their  own  powers  and  skills,  as  well  as 
those  of  the  students,  and  are  helping 
in  the  building  of  a  strong  reserve  for 
the  commanding  task  of  the  days  to 
come? 

The  members  of  the  staffs  of  civilian 
hospitals  must  feel  that  they  are  right 
in  the  war,  that  they  have  a  definite 
responsibility,  that  they  count  positively 
for  something  and  that  the  big  things 
of  the  future  are  dependent  upon  them. 
At  present  they  are  apt  to  feel  a  sort 
of  remoteness  in  their  work — a  separate- 
ness  from  the  dramatic  events  of  the 
times — and  to  think  only  of  the  hard- 
ships caused  by  others  from  among  them 
leaving  for  more  eventful  fields.  Their 
work  presents  no  direct  purpose,  for 
there  is  confusion  in  their  minds  about 
the  essential  value  of  the  educational 
programme.  They  find,  of  course,  some 
satisfaction  in  the  nursing  care  of  their 
patients  but  they  are  in  need  of  an  up- 
lift of  the  stimulus  of  an  impeUing  mo- 
tive and  the  zeal  of  participation  in  stir- 
ring times. 

I  suggest  that  the  Staff  Preparation 
Plan  for  clinical  teaching  could  be 
drawn  up  in  units — each  unit  an  entity 
and  dealing  with  some  aspect  of  the 
teaching  work  of  the  school.  It  should 
be  sf>ecific  and  yet  elastic  and  with  such 
scope  that  it  could  be  adapted  to  the 
use  of  both  mature  and  immature  staff 
members. 

The  first  unit  would  be  the  most 
essential  one.  Its  substance  should  be 
the  disposal  of  every  new  member,  for 
without  its  initial  stimulus  the  succeed- 
ing units  wpuld  probably  not  flourish. 
This  unit  should  constitute  the  founda- 
tion structure  upon  which  the  other 
units  would  be  built.  It  would  deal 
fervently  with  the  need  for  staff  as- 
sistance at  the  present  time.  It  would 
point  out  the  critical  problems  of  the 
profession  and  the  need  for  rallying  of 


all  members  to  help  in  solving  them. 
It  would  draw  attention  to  the  social 
changes  that  are  so  profoundly  affect- 
ing nursing  and  the  rapidly  expanding 
fields  for  nursing  usefulness  and  to  the 
profession's  opportunity  to  play  a  great 
part  in  post-war  rec<*nstruqtion.  It 
would  discuss  professional  status  and  the 
reasons  for  the  scientific  and  intellectual 
advances  that  have  been  achieved.  It 
would  stress  the  importance  of  close  at- 
tention now  to  that  section  of  the  pro- 
fession that  is  in  the  making — the 
students  of  our  schools  of  nursing.  It 
would  bring  out  the  personal  growth 
and  satisfaction  that  would  be  felt  by 
those  who  participate  in  this  making  and 
the  worth  of  the  staff  as  women  of 
experience  in  life  situations,  as  women 
of  competence,  and  fine  personal  de- 
velopment, whose  offering  should  not 
be  withheld  from  the  school.  And 
finally,  it  would  intimate  to  each  staff 
member  the  happiness  of  a  co-operative 
enterprise   inspired   by  a  big  ideal. 

The  vision  of  the  professional  task, 
and  an  interest  in  it  awakened,  the  sec- 
ond unit  of  the  programme  could  deal 
with  how  best  assistance  could  be  given. 
It  could  be  brought  out  that  the  giving 
of  her  p)ersonality  and  spirit  and  the 
passing  on  of  her  knowledge  and  ex- 
perience to  those  who  are  in  need  of  it 
is  the  highest  contribution  she  can  make 
at  this  time.  And  it  can  be  pointed  out 
that  this,  after  all,  is  teaching.  The 
head  nurse  is  apt  to  think  of  teaching 
as  some  vague  performance,  far  re- 
moved from  her,  that  belongs  only  to 
the  class-room  and  for  which  she  has  no 
responsibility  whatsoever  because  she  is 
not  qualified.  She  can  be  told  that  she 
can  perform  some  aspects  of  it  and  that 
to  teach  others  to  do  and  to  develop  is 
a  work  of  high  Christian  import.  The 
spiritual  implications  of  interest  in  other 
people,  a  willingness  to  give  and  work 
for  others,  to  be  a  builder  of  useful  per- 


Vol.  38,  No.  9 


STAFF    EDUCATION 


673 


sonalities  can  lead  up  to  the  need  for 
effective  ways  of  doing  it — in  other 
words,  to  effective  methods  of  teaching. 
The  programme  of  this  unit  would  deal 
with  simple  teaching  principles  and 
methods,  how  to  recognize  and  appre- 
ciate teaching  opportunities  on  the 
wards,  and  a  little  on  the  psychology  of 
learning. 

Unit  three  could  deal  with  the  educa- 
tional system  of  the  School;  the  aware- 
ness of  the  profession  of  the  weaknesses 
of  the  system  and  the  moves  afoot  to 
improve  it;  the  need  and  value  of  each 
subject  covered  by  the  curriculum  as  it 
affects  the  future  fields  of  the  nurse ; 
and  the  responsibility  of  the  hospital  to 
the  student  as  an  individual.  In  this 
unit  could  be  included  a  joint  examina- 
tion of  nursing  procedures,  an  estimation 
of  their  quality  from  the  standpoint  of 
economy  of  equipment  and  time  in  per- 
formance— a  very  desirable  economy  at 
this  time  of  shortage  of  supplies  and 
working  personnel.  I  find  that  staffs 
enjoy  discussions  on  procedures,  for 
they  are  near  to  them.  They  enter 
into  this  subject  with  vim  and  even 
humour  and  feel  a  pride  in  having  a 
share  in  their  revision.  They  also  throw 
themselves  freely  into  discussions  on  new 
drugs,  treatments  and  equipment. 

But  the  average  head  nurse  seems  to 
hug  a  sort  of  scorn  for  the  classroom 
schedule.  I  think  it  is  because  she  has 
had  to  bear  the  bitter  end  of  the  burden. 
She  is  called  upon  to  give  up  the  nurses 
on  her  ward  at  the  cost  of  anxiety  for 
her  patients  during  their  absence.  She 
has  no  real  appreciation  of  the  need  for 
the  lectures  and  is  nettled  at  a  system 
of  education  that  must  rob  her  patients 
of  the  care  they  need  in  order  to  edu- 
cate. The  head  nurse  needs  an  orienta- 
,  tion  of  the  whole  professional  effort  and 
to  understand  that  attempts  are  being 
made  to  remedy  the  difficulties  she  com- 
plains of  and  that  the  results  will  be  slow 

SEPTEMBER,   1942 


because  the  difficulties  are  tangled  up 
with  the  social  and  economic  problem 
of  society.  She  also  needs  to  appreciate 
the  fact  that  scientific  knowledge  and 
good  ward  teaching  have  a  definite  bear- 
ing on  good  care  rendered  to  patients. 
All  this  understanding  seems  to  me  to 
be  important  in  order  to  enlist  the  staff 
members'  readiness  to  become  a  part 
of  the  educational  programme. 

Unit  four  would  deal  with  plans  for 
practice  teaching  on  the  wards.  It 
would  study  the  methods  of  applying 
the  principles  and  knowledge  learned 
in  units  two  and  three.  It  would  take 
up  discussions  on  the  different  types  of 
teaching  that  may  be  done  on  the  ward 
and  the  kinds  of  information  that  may 
be  given  by  the  case  study  method,  the 
nursing  care  method,  the  group  and  in- 
dividual conference,  ward  rounds,  in- 
cidental instruction  and  demonstration 
and  the  bedside  clinic.  It  would  include 
a  study  of  organization  plans,  the  divi- 
sion of  personnel  participating,  and  how 
to  rate  students  and  the  techniques  used 
to  measure  success.  The  role  of  the 
instructor,  the  teaching  supervisor  and 
the  head  nurse  in  the  ward  teaching 
scheme  would  need  to  be  clearly  un- 
derstood. A  valuable  part  of  this  unit 
programme  could  be  a  study  of  the  psy- 
chological factors  of  personal  relation- 
ships. 

Throughout  the  whole  staff  pro- 
gramme there  would  need  to  be  equal- 
ity of  fellowship,  a  collective  drive 
toward  a  common  goal  and  a  collabora- 
tive assumption  of  responsibility.  Su- 
periority in  qualification  should  be  in- 
terpreted as  a  larger  opportunity  to  help 
and  contribute  to  the  effort  and  not  a 
signal  for  more  privilege  and  for  domi- 
nation of  the  lesser  qualified.  The 
philosophy  underlying  the  leadership 
must  be  strictly  democratic.  The  leader 
must  inspire,  arouse  interest  and  chal- 
lenge. 


674 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


The  staff  members  will  need  gui- 
dance when  they  start  trying  their 
wings  at  the  teaching  game  which  is 
new  to  them.  The  question  of  whether 
they  will  look  for  help  or  not  will  de- 
pend on  the  character  of  the  relation- 
ship that  has  been  built  up.  For  this 
reason,  it  seems  advisable  to  have  the 
programme  led  by  the  member  who  will 
be  able  to  carry  the  leadership  on  into 
the  wards — the  instructor  or  the  teach- 
ing supervisor.  The  staff  should  under- 
stand that  the  instructor  or  supervisor 
is  leading  the  programme  by  vir- 
tue of  her  qualifications  and  experience 
as  a  teacher  and  not  from  any  standpoint 
of  superior  rank. 

The  question  of  relationship  between 
the  instructor  or  supervisor  and  the  head 
nurse  is  a  delicate  one.  Whoever  leads, 
must  carry  the  privilege  with  skill  and 
tact,  and  jeel  the  part  of  being  one  of 
the  group.  For  head  nurses  are  touchy 
beings,  with  a  pride  and  independence 
born  of  the  first-hand  experiences  which 
have  been  theirs.  They  are  reluctant 
about  turning  for  help  to  one  who  is 
outside  their  group,  who  assumes  su- 
periority because  she  has  had  an  ad- 
vanced academic  course  but  who  has 
had  lit«^le  of  the  hard  and  real  ex- 
perience of  ward  life.  Help  should  be 
given  in  the  spirit  of  two  people  getting 
together  and  working  out  a  situation. 
The  encouragement  and  applause  should 
come  from  the  superintendent  of  nurses. 

The  staff  will  need  help  in  preparing 
the  methods  they  choose,  and  in  select- 
ing the  equipment;  in  providing  the 
time  for  the  teaching;  in  picking  out  the 
content  and  deciding  on  the  type  of 
teaching  to  use  with  the  material  avail- 
able and  in  organizing  it;  and  in  setting 
up  a  system  of  ward  teaching  records. 

In  summary,  then,  the  staff  prepara- 
tion programme  for  clinical  teaching 
could  be  divided  into  four  units: 


Unit  One:  The  profession  to-day  and 
its  opportunities  in  relation  to  the  times; 
the  urgency  of  particular  and  sound 
preparation  of  its  students-in-training 
and  the  need  for  the  effort  of  the  whole 
staff  towards  that  end. 

Unit  Two:  The  theoretical  principles 
and  methods  of  teaching  that  should  be 
known  by  the  staff;  ways  that  teaching 
can  be  done  on  the  wards;  how  to 
recognize   the   opportunities. 

Unit  T'tfree:  Discussion  of  the  educa- 
tional system  used  in  our  schools  of 
nursing  and  the  expanding  fields  of 
service  for  nurses;  the  subjects  that 
must  be  included  in  the  curriculum  in 
consequence  of  this  expansion;  a  study 
together  of  the  nursing  procedures  used 
in   the  hospital. 

Unit  Four:  A  study  of  the  types  of 
teaching  methods  to  be  used  on  the 
wards  and  preparation  for  the  practice 
of  them. 

The  hour  for  the  programme  is  a 
hard  problem  to  settle.  It  would  seem 
wise  to  allow  the  staff  members  each 
to  have  a  voice  in  the  matter.  As  the 
programme  is  being  arranged  in  the 
interest  of  the  hospital,  the  hour  selected 
should  be,  if  possible,  within  duty  time. 
But  it  is  difficult  to  talk  about  projects 
and  extra  time  for  the  furthering  of 
them  when  hospital  staffs  are  so  hard- 
pressed  as  they  are  at  the  present  time. 
A  hospital  staff  that  comes  forward,  in 
spite  of  this,  and  takes  up  the  added 
challenge  on  behalf  of  its  School  is  sure- 
ly worthy  of  the  highest  commendation. 
Such  a  staff  stands  on  common  ground 
with  that  vast  army  of  men  who  are 
giving  of  their  all  in  order  that  the 
world  may  some  day  be  lifted  up  from 
its  tragic  plight  and  tribulation.  "Hats 
off"  to  such  a  staff — for  its  members, 
in  so  doing,  will  have  demonstrated,  in  * 
'"heir  flame  of  purpose,  that  "where 
there  is  a  will  there  is  always  a  way." 


Vol.  38.  No.  9 


The  Head  Nurse  as  Clinical  Teacher 

Margaret  J.  Denniston 


A  large  percentage  of  our  nurse 
educators  in  schools  of  nursing,  and  the 
occasional  University,  have  excellent 
academic  and  cultural  backgrounds,  but 
lack  nursing  experience  as  head  nurses; 
therefore  they  have  little  appreciation  of 
the  opportunities  which  such  experience 
offers  in  preparation  for  the  teaching  of 
student  nurses,  both  in  the  University 
and  Hospital  School  of  Nursing.  This 
seems  to  me  to  be  the  greatest  discre- 
pancy in  our  nursing  educational  sys- 
tem. 

Why  does  this  state  of  affairs  exist  if 
experience  is  considered  the  best  educa- 
tor? Because  the  head  nurse  is  usually 
overworked,  underpaid,  has  to  assume 
too  much  responsibility,  and  does  not 
enjoy  the  same  prestige  as  other  mem- 
bers of  the  teaching  staff.  Therefore 
our  sisters  who  have  had  academic 
preparation,  shall  I  say  University  De- 
grees such  as  Bachelor  of  Arts  and 
Bachelor  of  Science,  before  tata'ng  up 
nursing,  are  apt  to  jump  this  stepping 
stone,  in  order  to  find  more  remunera- 
tive returns  for  their  labours,  in  "the 
teaching  field"  as  they  call  it,  when  the 
real  teaching  field  is  in  the  active  public 
wards  of  our  teaching,  city,  municipal, 
and  special  hospitals.  Here  we  find  life 
situations,  where  learning  may  be  ap- 
plied and  teaching  reinforced. 

How  is  it  possible  to  escape  this  phase 
of  institutional  nursing,  if  one  considers 
it  so  important?  Qualified  instructors, 
and  clinical  supervisors  were  scarce,  even 
in  pre-war  days,  therefore  these  young 
women  have  no  difficulty  in  securing 
teaching  and  supervisory  positions  be- 
cause they  have  had  what  I  call  partial 
preparation.  The  result  quite  often  is 
that   there   is   friction    between   the   ex- 


perienced head  nurse  who  really  is,  or 
should  be,  "the  hub"  of  nursing  educa- 
tion, and  the  young  inexperienced  in- 
structor or  clinical  supervisor.  This 
reacts  very  unfavourably,  both  on  pa- 
tients and  student  nurses. 

Every  head  nurse  is  not  by  nature  a 
teacher.  She  may  be  an  excellent  nurse, 
a  good  organizer,  and  in  general  a  very 
capable  person  in  the  eyes  of  doctors  and 
students,  both  medical  and  nursing.  Yet 
she  lacks  the  teaching  instinct  and  there- 
fore may  pass  up  untold  teaching  op- 
portunities daily,  either  unconsciously,  or 
deliberately,  because  she  has  the  atti- 
tude, "this  should  be  taught  in  the  class- 
room", or  "that  is  the  clinical  super- 
visors' job;  my  duty  ends  with  adequate 
care  of  the  patient  and  the  smooth  run- 
ning of  my  department." 

Should  the  head  nurse  have  any 
preparation,  in  addition  to  three  years' 
training  and  registration?  Those  who 
show  promise  of  having  the  necessary 
qualifications  should  have  a  few  months 
experience  as  a  private  duty  nurse,  with 
the  hope  that  she  may  be  fortunate  in 
dealing  with  desperately  sick  patients 
and  anxious  fussy  relatives,  both  in  the 
home  and  hospital.  This  will  give  her  an 
opportunity  to  apply  what  she  has  been 
taught,  away  from  supervision,  thus  in- 
creasing her  resourcefulness,  initiative, 
self-reliance  and  tact.  It  also  gives  her 
an  opportunity  of  meeting  more  ex- 
perienced successful  private  duty  nurses 
from  wkom  she  may  learn  a  great  deal 
of  practical  psychology.  She  also  learns 
to  have  greater  appreciation  of  the  pri- 
vate duty  nurse's  difficulties  and  prob- 
lems, and  of  her  importance  and  con- 
tribution to  the  essential  machinery  of 
a  community,  which  is  sometimes  over* 


SEPTEMBER.   1942 


675 


676 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


looked  both  by  institutional  and  public 
health  nurses.  In  this  way  she  may 
learn  to  extend  the  hand  of  friendship 
when  the  private  duty  nurse  arrives  to 
lighten   the   load   in   her  department. 

The  next  step  should  be  one  year  as 
a  general  duty  nurse,  which  should  not 
be  confined  to  one  department.  She 
should  have  an  opportunity  to  refresh 
her  memory  in  all  departments  in- 
cluding the  outdoor  where  she  may  be- 
come more  familiar  with  the  functions 
of  social  service,  voluntary  agencies,  and 
the  department  of  public  health.  I 
recommend  a  further  year  as  assistant 
to  a  head  nurse  who  has  had  proper 
preparation,  and  finally  a  year  in  teach- 
ing and  supervision  at  the  Nursing 
School  of  a  University.  She  now  has  a 
background  of  experience  in  almost  any 
phase  of  bedside  nursing  and  is  therefore 
admirably  qualified  to  teach  in  hfe 
situations  on  the  ward,  as  a  head  nurse, 
and  should  be  definitely  recognized  and 
paid  the  same  rate  as  other  assistants  on 
the   teaching   staff. 

This  preparation  will  not  qualify  her 
for  an  endurance  test,  and  will  not 
substitute  for  a  poor  inadequate  staff. 
The  head  nurse  cannot  be  expected  to 
teach  unless  she  has  sufficient  staff  to 
give  the  very  best  nursing  care. 

I  have  roughly  outlined  the  minimum 
preparation  for  head  nurse-ship.  What 
other  quahfications  should  she  have  ac- 
quired and  what  responsibilities  must  she 
assume  when  she  takes  office.^  The 
most  important  thing  for  the  head  nurse 
to  remember  is  that  the  primary  func- 
tion of  the  hospital,  and  the  reason  for 
its  existence,  is  the  care  of  the  sick  and 
injured.  With  this  uppermost  in  her 
mind,  she  sets  forth  with  the  under- 
standing that  she  is  directly  responsible 
for  the  nursing  care  of  patients  (a)  to 
the  physician  or  surgeon  in  charge;  (b) 
to  the  superintendent  of  nurses,  and  (c) 


to  the  Medical  Superintendent.  The  lat- 
ter must  account  for  his  stewardship  to 
the  Board  of  Management.  We  know 
the  hospital  has  other  functions  as  a 
teaching  field,  and  a  field  for  research, 
but  the  care  of  the  patient  precedes  all 
others.  Therefore,  the  head  nurse 
should  have  proven  herself  an  expert 
in  bedside  nursing  care  with  powers  of 
observation  so  highly  developed  that  she 
may  be  accused  of  having  eyes  in  the 
back  of  her  head.  She  must  not  only 
be  able  to  inspire  confidence  in  the 
patient  and  his  relatives,  but  in  all  mem- 
bers of  the  ward  personnel;  if  she  can 
accomplish  this,  the  road  is  smooth;  if 
not,  it  will  be  very  bumpy  and  thorny. 
She  should  be  able  to  imbue  each  and 
every  member  of  her  personnel  with  the 
spirit  of  service.  Their  motto  should 
be  "service  before  self".  Thus  only  can 
she  achieve  her  objective — well  cared 
for  happy  patients.  Much  of  the  reputa- 
tion of  the  Hospital  in  the  community 
will  depend  on  her  ability  to  do  this. 

She  must  be  an  economist  of  the 
highest  order  and  should  be  able  by  her 
example,  guidance  and  knowledge  of 
costs  to  produce  a  sense  of  responsibility, 
to  the  institution  and  community  in 
every  member  of  the  ward  personnel. 
She  should  encourage  members  of  the 
staff  to  confess  mistakes  immediately, 
knowing  they  will  receive  a  sympathetic 
understanding.  (I  do  not  infer  she 
should  be  soft.)  Very  often,  a  mistake 
rectified  immediately  may  prevent  more 
serious  consequences  especially  with  re- 
gard to  the  patient. 

She  ought  to  have  a  knowledge  of  the 
legal  responsibilities  of  the  institution, 
and  be  on  the  alert  for  patients  (and 
occasionally  personnel)  who  set  out  de- 
liberately to  cause  trouble.  With  definite 
appreciation  of  the  legal  value  of  per- 
manent scientific  records,  their  value  in 
research,  and  perhaps  later  to  the  patient 


Vol.  38.  No.  9 


HEAD     NURSE     AS     CLINICAL     TEACHER     677 


and  other  members  of  his  family,  the 
head  nurse  must  exhibit  her  ability  as  an 
expert  clerk  and  custodian  in  the  super- 
vision of  these  valuable  sources  of  in- 
formation. 

She  must  be  an  expert  diplomat  in 
the  handling  of  patients,  relatives,  medi- 
cal staff,  her  own  personnel,  personnel 
from  other  departments,  representatives 
from  various  organizations,  and  the 
general  public. 

She  is  the  manager,  housekeeper,  hy- 
gienist,  sanitarian,  and  building  suf)er- 
visor  in  her  particular  department.  She 
must  be  a  good  disciplinarian,  organizer, 
administrator,  and  co-operator,  not  only 
with  people  but  with  other  departments, 
both  inside  and  outside  the  hospital. 
Therefore,  she  must  understand  the 
principles  of  psychology,  and  know 
when  and  how  to  apply  them. 

The  head  nurse  is  the  hostess  not  only 
as  regards  patients,  and  their  relatives, 
but  also  towards  medical  men,  students, 
clergy,  and  other  well-meaning  groups 
who  are  interested  in  the  institution  and 
its  welfare.  As  a  teacher  on  the  ward, 
she  should  be  familiar  with  the  class  pro- 
gramme in  order  to  help  the  students 
integrate  theory  and  practice  in  ward 
experience;  therefore  she  should  un- 
derstand the  principles  of  education 
equally  as  well  as  the  class  room  teacher 
and  have  an  appreciation  of  each 
student's  needs. 

Through  all  this,  she  should  be  able 
to  retain  her  sense  of  humour  and  sym- 
pathy, make  allowances  for  the  strength 
and  weakness  of  human  nature,  both 
in  dealing  with  patients  and  personnel. 
The  maintenance  of  a  peaceful  happy 
atmosphere  is  very  essential  in  bringing 
out  the  best  there  is  in  one,  and  remem- 
ber a  happy  staff  reacts  favourably  on 
sick  patients.  Therefore  she  requires  an 
unlimited  amount  of  patience,  energy 
and  endurance,  both  physical  and 
mental. 


I  have  often  thought  that  some  of 
our  young  professors  of  psychology 
would  find  a  gold  mine  of  experimental 
interest  in  "shifting  of  attention",  "re- 
action time",  "the  span  of  attending", 
and  "to  how  many  stimuli  can  a  person 
be  attentively  receptive,  at  one  and  the 
same  time"  if  by  chance  they  could  keep 
pace  with  the  head  nurse,  on  a  really 
busy  day.  On  an  acutely  ill  ward,  all 
kinds  of  research  and  tests  are  going  on 
— medical  rounds,  medical  students'  lec- 
tures are  in  progress,  anxious  relatives 
must  be  put  at  ease,  even  though  the 
staff  is  somewhat  below  the  minimum. 
I  think  they  might  switch  to  literary 
endeavour  before  the  day  was  over,  if 
they  were  interested  in  the  many 
amusing  and  grim  episodes  that  help 
one  to  see  the  lighter  and  more  serious 
side  of  life.  Or  they  might  recite  Rud- 
yard  Kipling: 

/f  you  can  keef  your  Head  when  all 
about  you 

Are  losing  theirs  and  blaming  it  on  you 
If  you  can  trust  yourself  when  all  men 

doubt  you 
But  make  allowance  for  their  doubting 

too 
I  infer  that  they  would  have  a  greater 
insight  into   the   complexity  of  the   task 
which  the  head  nurse  shoulders  daily. 

How  is  the  head  nurse  to  find  time 
to  teach  and  how  should  she  attempt 
to  organize  her  programme?  This  will 
depend  on  the  service  and  its  activity, 
the  architecture  of  her  department  and 
the  physical  plant  in  general.  The  ideal 
teaching  situation  would  be  to  have  a 
head  nurse  and  an  assistant  for  each 
specialty:  medicine,  surgery,  pediatrics, 
gynaecology,  etc.  The  head  nurse 
should  attend  the  doctors'  lectures  in 
connection  with  her  own  specialty  and 
give  the  nursing  care  in  relation  to  each 
lecture.  She  should  supplement  im- 
portant points  that  have  been  over- 
looked, or  omitted  due  to  lack  of  time 


SEPTEMBER.   1942 


678 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


in  covering  the  prescribed  course  of 
lectures.  She  is  in  a  much  better  posi- 
tion than  anyone  else  to  correlate  and 
integrate  theory  and  practice  in  relation 
to  patients  on  the  ward,  of  whom  she 
knows  the  whole  story  personally. 

Different  grades  of  students  should 
be  assigned  to  each  ward  continuously 
(preliminary,  junior,  intermediate,  and 
senior)  in  order  to  avoid  depletion  of 
the  staff,  due  to  attendance  at  the  same 
lecture.  It  will  thus  be  possible  to  pro- 
vide practice  material  for  each  group 
proceeding  from  the  simple  to  the  com- 
plex, esfvecially  if  one  uses  the  patient 
assignment  method.  I  do  not  think  that 
students  are  taught  sufficiently  how  to 
work  in  pairs  or  teams.  My  experience 
has  been  that  they  can  work  faster  with 
less  effort,  gain  more  confidence,  and 
keep  patients  happier,  if  they  work  in 
pairs  and  teams,  occasionally.  This 
plan  can  be  used  in  conjunction  with 
either  the  patient  assignment  or  effi- 
ciency method. 

If  one  has  eight  students  on  the  ward 
and  they  are  each  assigned  for  a  period 
of  eight  weeks  and  replaced  weekly,  one 
could  arrange  for  a  conference  and  ini- 
tiation to  the  new  department  with  the 
new  student  on  the  Monday  morning 
programme.  On  Tuesday,  Wednesday, 
Thursday  and  Friday,  one  could  use  this 
time,  approximately  fifteen  minutes,  for 
the  morning  circle.  Each  student  would 
have  an  assignment  for  discussion  posted 
at  least  a  week  ahead,  thus  each  student 
would  be  called  on  once  in  two  weeks 
to  discuss  some  topic,  and  would  have 
prepared  four  such  discussions  during 
her  stay  on  the  ward.  On  Saturday 
the  head  nurse  could  lead  the  topic  of 
discussion,  or  perhaps  "lay  down  the 
law"  with  regard  to  some  slackness  or 
inefficiency  which  she  may  have  noticed 
and  which  may  be  good  for  the  whole 
group    to    hear.       Occasionally,    if    the 


ward  is  especially  busy,  it  may  be  neces- 
sary to  ask  the  staff  to  come  on  duty 
ten  or  fifteen  minutes  earlier  in  the 
morning;  this  time  could  be  made  up 
when  the  extremely  ill  have  recuperated 
somewhat. 

The  head  nurse  will  have  her  as- 
sistant trained  to  supervise  treatments, 
and  assist  the  inexperienced  student  with 
the  nursing  care  of  very  ill  patients, 
if  she  is  unable  to  do  so  herself.  If 
there  is  anything  of  unusual  interest  in 
the  department,  the  head  nurse  should 
notify  the  chief  instructor,  so  that  ar- 
rangements can  be  made  for  students 
from  other  wards  to  see  it.  Approxi- 
mately once  a  week,  the  head  nurse 
should  post  and  arrange  for  a  bedside 
clinic  at  which  she  contributes  most  of 
the  material  herself.  A  senior  student 
may  prepare  for  this,  with  the  help  of 
the  head  nurse,  or  perhaps  each  student 
may  be  assigned  to  participate  in  a 
particular  phase. 

On  the  fourth  week,  a  symposium 
should  take  the  place  of  the  bedside 
clinic;  this  takes  a  little  more  thought 
with  regard  to  arrangements  for  a  suit- 
able time  and  place.  The  senior  house 
doctor  will  be  asked  to  discuss  the  medi- 
cal angle,  the  head  nurse  will  be  pre- 
pared to  discuss  nursing  care  in  detail, 
also  prevention  and  health  teaching. 
(This  assignment  might  be  given  oc- 
casionally to  a  senior  student.)  The 
social  worker  will  discuss  facilities  for 
convalescence  in  the  home  or  elsewhere, 
arrangements  for  further  treatment  and 
diet,  etc.  The  public  health  nurse 
(from  the  Outdoor)  may  describe 
methods  of  treatment  in  the  home  by 
one  of  the  public  health  organizations 
and  their  interdependence  on  other  social 
agencies.  The  dietitian  will  discuss  the 
special  diet;  the  physiotherapist,  occupa- 
tional-therapist and  play-therapist  will 
discuss  their  own  particular  contribution 
towards  recovery. 

Vol.  J8.  No.  9 


HEAD     NURSE     AS     CLINICAL     TEACHER     679 


Thus  one  can  demonstrate  how  the 
various  services,  and  organizations,  are 
inter-related  and  inter-dependent,  one 
on  the  other,  for  the  welfare  of  the  pa- 
tient. One  may  also  point  out  that  the 
nursing  department  is  just  one  cog  in 
the  wheel  of  a  great  human  machine, 
which  endeavours  through  co-operation 
with  other  departments,  to  restore  the 
once  sick  helpless  individual,  to  take  his 
place  in  the  community  as  a  self-sup- 
porting citizen.  In  this  way,  one  en- 
deavours to  see  the  patient  as  a  whole. 
The  students  who  attend  the  symposium 
or  bedside  chnic  should  see  the  patient 
concerned,  but  no  discussion  should 
take  place  at  the  bedside  within  the  pa- 
tient's hearing.  Such  method  of  instruc- 
tion should  take  place  in  a  special  class 
room  or  a  vacated  room,  which  must 
have  seating  facilities. 

The  head  nurse  should  arrange  the 
off-duty  time,  so  that  all  students  have 
an  opportunity  to  make  rounds  with  the 
physician  or  surgeon  in  charge  at  least 
once  or  twice  a  week,  so  that  they  may 
learn  more  about  the  patients'  condi- 
tion, become  familiar  with  preparation 
for  various  examinations,  and  also  learn 
to  anticipate  the  next  procedure.  Teach- 
ing by  the  incidental  method  should  go 
on  continuously,  by  the  head  nurse  and 
her  assistant,  as  the  opportunity  presents 
itself. 

I  realize  this  is  no  time  for  nursing 
reform,  but  our  goal  for  the  post-war 
period  should  be  to  have  more  and  bet- 
ter prepared  head  nurses,  and  fewer 
clinical  supervisors.  The  clinical  super- 
visor's role  is  possibly  the  most  difficult 
to  fill  satisfactorily  in  the  whole  of 
institutional  nursing.  She  must  be  ma- 
ture, well  poised,  have  an  encyclopaedia 
of  technical  and  nursing  information  at 
her  finger  tips,  and  a  background  of 
teaching  and  practical  experience  far 
beyond  any  of  the  head  nurses  whom 
she  endeavours  to  direct.    She  must  also 


be  one  who  is  very  highly  respected  for 
her  ability  in  that  particular  field,  by 
medical  and  nursing  staff  alike.  One 
can  see  that  people  of  this  calibre  are 
very  difficult  to  procure.  Therefore  I 
think  some  of  the  clinical  supervisors 
could  be  absorbed  as  added  assistant 
instructors  who  would  still  function  in 
taking  care  of  case  studies,  assignments 
and  some  conferences  but  who  with  the 
instructor  could  give  more  detailed  su- 
pervision of  practice  periods  on  the 
wards  instead  of  in  the  class  room. 

I  have  found  a  convalescent  women's 
or  children's  ward  an  excellent  field  for 
rehearsing  elementary  nursing  duties, 
such  as  hygiene  of  the  ward,  morning 
and  evening  care,  rubbing  backs,  bed- 
baths,  simple  dressings,  serving  and  dis- 
tribution of  patients'  meals,  isolation 
technique,  etc.  If  a  good  grounding  is 
given  in  these  simple  duties  in  life  situa- 
tions by  the  person  who  has  first  taught 
them,  I  think  students  will  feel  under 
much  less  strain  when  they  arrive  on  the 
wards  for  the  preliminary  period,  and 
the  instructor  will  hear  less  complaints, 
of  the  inefficiency  of  her  once  sheltered 
flock.  Other  more  advanced  proce- 
dures, as  catheterization,  bladder  lavage, 
therapeutic  douches,  preparation  of  the 
skin  for  operation,  administration  of 
medicines,  etc.  should  be  demonstrated, 
and  rehearsed  as  soon  as  possible  on  the 
ward,  in  order  to  overcome  nervousness 
and  awkwardness,  and  to  reinforce  the 
teaching  in  the  classroom.  This  also 
gives  the  instructor  a  greater  op- 
portunity for  interplay  of  forces  between 
the  ward  and  class  room,  instead  of 
partial  or  complete  isolation. 


Editor's  Note:  Following  Miss  Den- 
niston's  address,  the  following  contribu- 
tion to  the  discussion  was  offered  by 
Miss  Mary  Macfarland,  superintendent 
of  nurses,  Toronto  General  Hospital: 


SEPTEMBER.   1942 


680 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


Having  listened  with  great  interest  to  the 
material  that  has  been  presented,  one  is  left 
with  a  clear  picture  that  the  ward  is  the 
real  teaching  field  and  the  head  nurse's  chief 
responsibilities  are  firstly  the  nursing  care 
of  patients  and,  secondly,  ward  teaching. 
The  question  has  been  raised :  "how  is  the 
head  nurse  to  find  time  to  teach,  and  how 
should  she  attempt  to  organize  her  pro- 
gramme?" 

Student  conferences,  whether  group  or  in- 
dividual, provide  a  splendid  method  of 
instruction.  As  a  means  of  teaching  and 
learning,  their  value  is  inestimable.  The 
head  nurse  is  expected  to  share  in  the  teach- 
ing of  students,  and  to  administer  the 
nursing  service  on  the  ward.  She  can 
achieve  this  dual  function  only  by  having  a 
carefully  planned  programme  and  utilizing 
approved  methods  to  the  fullest  advantage. 
There-  is  a  saying :  "What's  well  begun  is 
half  done." 

When  should  conferences  be  held  and 
what  is  a  suitable  length  of  time  to  allocate 
to  them?  A  carefully  planned  conference 
should  be  arranged  when  a  nurse  is  intro- 
duced to  the  ward.  This  orientation  con- 
ference is  a  teaching  responsibility.  It  takes 
place  when  the  student  reports  for  duty  in 
the  department.  Forty  or  fifty  minutes 
time,  free  from  interruption,  should  be  al- 
lowed. The  subject  matter  includes  explana- 
tion regarding  the  type,  size,  administration, 
personnel,  geography  and  equipment  of  the 
ward.  The  head  nurse  clearly  defines  the 
special  duties  of  the  student  and  gives  her  a 
definite  assignment  of  patients.  The  student 
should  then  be  introduced  to  her  patients  and 
informed  of  their  names,  diagnoses  and 
treatment. 

Conferences  should  be  arranged  many 
times  during  the  student's  preliminary  and 
clinical  experience.  When  the  student  meets 
instructor,  supervisor  or  head  nurse  in  in- 
dividual conference,  she  may  be  questioned 
regarding  her  background,  special  interests 
and  adjustment  to  the  work.  At  this  time, 
her  appearance  is  noted,  and  any  signs  of 
fatigue  or  worry  may  be  observed.  Hints 
may  be  given  as  to  the  best  means  of  main- 
taining or  improving  her  strengths  and 
weaknesses,    personal   or   professional.     The 


student  should  not,  however,  be  given  ready- 
made  suggestions.  If  she  is  to  develop  and 
progress,  she  may  be  guided,  but  must  be 
allowed  to  reach  her  own  conclusions  as  to 
how  she  will  increase  her  good  qualities  and 
worth. 

An  individual  conference  is  vital  in  aiding 
a  nurse  to  evaluate  herself  and  her  work 
and  in  helping  her  to  view  both  objectively. 
Harmony  should  be  established  between 
leader  and  student.  The  wise  leader,  instead 
of  being  authoritative,  will  encourage  the 
student  to  express  herself  and  to  make  deci- 
sions. Willing  participation  and  discussion 
leads  to  a  more  advanced  level  of  knowledge 
about  each  other  and  a  franker  exchange  of 
ideas.  The  process  of  stimulus  and  response 
promotes  openmindedness,  understanding, 
and  logical  solution  of  problems  and  needs. 
Conferences  should  be  carefully  directed  to 
encourage  active  thinking.  They  are  not  de- 
signed to  take  the  place  of  informal  teach- 
ing or  lectures.  Rather,  conferences  are 
formally  planned  to  be  of  educational  value 
to  the  student  and  to  improve  the  nursing 
care  of  the  patient. 

Practical  problems  are  discussed  when 
group  conferences  are  held.  The  importance 
of  some  particular  aspect  of  nursing  care 
provides  the  topic.  The  head  nurse  who  is 
most  conversant  with  the  subject  guides  and 
stimulates  the  discussion  and  draws  all 
students  into  participation.  Thus  the  stu- 
dent's interest  is  stimulated,  her  power  of 
expression  developed  and  her  knowledge  in- 
creased. Co-operation  amongst  workers  and 
consistency  in  treatment  and  care  are  foster- 
ed by  case  conferences.  By  the  use  of  the 
conference  method,  the  head  nurse  assists 
the  student  in  effecting  improvement  in  the 
care  which  she  plans  and  gives  her  patients. 
The  plan  may  need  enlarging,  or  certain 
parts  of  it  require  emphasis.  More  in- 
dividualized care  of  a  higher  quality  will  re- 
sult because  the  "why"  and  "how"  are  dis- 
cussed and  understood. 

Conferences  are  used  to  great  advantage 
in  assigning,  preparing  and  reviewing  the 
nursing  care  study.  Discussion  should  be 
held  frequently  while  the  nurse  is  collecting, 
analyzing  and  arranging  material,  so  that  a 
clear  account  of  the  total  nursing  situation 


Vol.  38,  No.  9 


HEAD     NURSE     AS     CLINICAL     TEACHER     681 


is  presented.  There  will  be  no  debate  re- 
garding the  value  of  such  conference  if  the 
student  can  be  directed  to  study  the  patient 
as  a  whole,  and  also  to  recognize  the  im- 
portance of  reference  reading,  which  un- 
fortunately has  to  be  encouraged.  It  is  a 
problem  in  education  to  arouse  the  student's 
interest  in  supplementary  reading  and  study. 

Conferences  relative  to  progress  and  effi- 
ciency have  a  stimulating  effect  on  the 
student.  The  adjustment  of  the  nurse  to  the 
particular  clinical  service,  her  knowledge  of 
nursing,  understanding  and  response  to  pa- 
tients' needs  and  her  personal  and  profes- 
sional qualities  are  evaluated  on  the  rating 
scale.  The  head  nurse  then  discusses  the 
report,  making  definite  suggestions  regard- 
ing improvement.  This  should  be  done  half 
way  through  and  at  the  end  of  experience 
in  the  department.  The  student  is  thus  ac- 
corded a  fairer  rating,  there  is  mutual  un- 
derstanding of  the  statements  made  regard- 
ing her  ability,  and  also  the  comparison  be- 
tween the  intermediate  and  final  report  will 
give  encouragement  and  arouse  her  to  still 
further  effort  to  attain  the  highest  standard 
of  proficiency.  Conversely,  if  the  com- 
parison is  unfavourable  and  the  student  is 
not  achieving  satisfaction,  the  problem  or 
reason  may  be  uncovered  and  progress  an- 
ticipated. 

In  planning,  utilize  this  method  of  ward 
teaching :  the  aims  and  advantages  of  con- 
ferences must  be  kept  clearly  to  the  fore. 
Certainly,  a  most  interesting  means  of 
learning  is  provided,  and  the  end  must 
justify  the  means. 

Editor^ s  Note:  Sister  St.  Albert  made 
the  following  contribution  to  the  dis- 
cussion of  the  address  given  by  Miss 
Denniston  on  the  head  nurse  as  a  clinic- 
al teacher: 

In  the  use  of  the  "case"  or  as  it  is  fre- 
quently called  "nursing  care  study"  the  head 
nurse  will  find  one  of  her  most  helpful  me- 
thods of  teaching.  She  will  realize  that  if 
this  method  is  to  be  used  successfully  con- 
siderable time  is  needed  both  for  herself 
and  her  student.  Even  though  the  student 
has  had  her  introductory  lesson  in  the  class 


room,  it  will  be  necessary  for  the  head  nurse 
to  discuss  the  study  with  her.  It  is  usually 
necessary  to  discuss  it  when  it  is  assigned, 
while  it  is  in  progress  and  at  its  completion. 
The  student  should  not  be  overburdened  with 
a  multiplicty  of  duties  so  that  she  may  give 
thoughtful  study  and  care  to  the  patient. 

Does  the  nursing  study  warrant  the  use 
of  all  the  time  that  must  necessarily  be  ex- 
pended upon  it?  It  would  seem  so,  because  its 
advantages  to  both  the  patient  and  the  student 
nurse  appear  to  be  many.  The  principal  ad- 
vantage to  the  patient  is  that  he  has  the  en- 
tire interest  of  the  nurse  who  cares  for  him 
as  a  whole  in  contrast  to  nurses  interested 
in  his  temperature,  his  bath,  his  chest  or 
any  other  part  of  his  body.  She  gives  good 
nursing  care  to  his  body,  aiding  it  to  recovery 
and  from  her  he  learns  to  keep  that  body 
functioning  as  normally  as  possible.  It  is 
well  to  note  that  in  addition  she  is  aware 
of  that  part  of  his  being  which  stamps  him 
as  a  man,  namely  his  soul.  If  she  is  the 
woman  a  nurse  should  be,  his  intellect  and 
will  benefit  by  contact  with  her. 

The  advantages  of  this  experience  to  the 
student  are  manifold.  She  sees  in  this  patient 
a  sick  member  of  society,  not  merely  one 
of  the  patients  in  hospital.  This  nice  appre- 
ciation on  her  part  will  invariably  carry  over 
to  the  patient,  who  will  realize  that  his  stay 
in  hospital  wU  termnate  just  as  soon  as  he 
can  carry  on  his  work  again  in  society.  This 
is  her  first  privilege — the  right  to  assist  a 
person  to  regain  his  physical  and  mental 
balance  and  to  re-establish  himself  in  his 
normal  living. 

Always  mindful  of  this  motive  the  student 
must  study  and  appreciate  her  patient's 
habits,  interests,  religious  beliefs  and  whole 
personality  and  even  his  friends  and  all  the 
external  circumstances  that  go  to  make  his 
little  world.  She  must  draw  liberally  on 
her  knowledge  of  physiology,  bacteriology, 
nursing  arts,  diet  therapy,  personal  hygiene, 
materia  medica,  psychology  and  possibly  in 
some  way  all  the  theory,  which  she  has 
learned  in  the  class  room,  in  her  effort  to 
help  his  body  become  a  healthy  one. 

For  obvious  reasons  the  patient's  disease 
will  claim  much  of  her  attention  and,  in 
aiding  the  doctor  with  his  treatment,  she  will 
explore    wider    fields   and   will    get    a   more 


SEPTEMBER,   1942 


682 


THE     CANADIAN    NURSE 


comprehensive  knowledge  than  is  possible 
for  her  to  acquire  from  her  classroom  studies 
alone.  Some  important  learnings  which  are 
sure  to  accrue,  if  she  pursues  her  study 
earnestly  and  intelligently,  are :  first-hand 
knowledge  of  symptoms  of  disease,  aware- 
ness of  significant  physical  and  laboratory 
findings,  and  reasons  for  doing  specific 
tests.  She  applies  defnite  medications  and 
treatment  and  she  is  quick  to  appreciate  any 
untoward  effects. 

Lest  the  importance  of  the  physical  nurs- 
ing care  of  the  patient  be  stressed  to  the 
entire  neglect,  or  almost  to  the  exclusion,  of 
the  care  that  is  frequently  referred  to  as 
psychological,  it  might  be  well  to  pause  and 
to  refresh  ourselves  on  the  highlights  of  this 
side  of  nursing  care.  Perhaps  of  least  im- 
portance, and  yet  of  import,  is  that  she  no- 
tices the  patient's  reaction  to  the  hospital 
environment,  to  visitors,  to  his  doctor  and 
even  to  herself.  She  should  endeavour,  within 
reason,  to  interest  herself  in  his  hobbies  as 
in  literature,  in  music  or  the  theatre.  She 
will  be  apt  in  noticing  if  he  is  worried  or 
excited  and  make  an  effort  tactfully  to  re- 
lieve his  mind.  It  is  precisely  at  this  point 
that  we  are  sharply  conscious  of  the  ines- 
timable value  to  a  patient  of  the  enobling 
principles  that  must  guide  the  mind  and  ac- 
tions of  a  thoroughly  Christian  nurse. 

When  the  patient  is  ready  to  leave  the 
hospital  the  keen  student  may  glean  much 
information  with  regard  to  the  various  health 
resources  available  in  the  patient's  locality. 
If  he  has  a  social  problem,  she  should  have 
made  herself  fully  aware  of  it  when  she 
assumed  responsibility  for  his  care  and,  in  as- 
sisting him  to  make  the  necessary  adjust- 
ments, she  gains  information  of  the  various 
social  agencies  available  to  all  who  are  in 
need.  Without  doubt,  the  most  significant 
benefit,  which  the  nurse  will  derive  through 
the  care  of  the  patient,  is  a  sense  of  res- 
ponsibility to  a  marked  degree.  This  true 
realization  of  her  responsibility  should  in- 
crease with  each  patient  for  whom  she  cares. 
Along  with  this  will  grow  her  appreciation 
of  the  value  of  community  health  and  social 
services. 

When  the  student  has  finished  her  study 
it  would  be  a  splendid  contribution  to  her 


development  to  evaluate  her  work,  more  or 
less  objectively,  and,  to  try  to  determine  more 
or  less  impartially,  just  how  much  the  pa- 
tient has  benefitted  by  her  nursing  care. 
After  analyzing  in  some  detail,  the  method 
of  teaching  by  case  study,  it  would  seem  lo- 
gical to  conclude,  that  the  one  best  suited 
for  guiding  the  student  in  this  assignment 
should  be  the  head  nurse.  She  has  studied 
her  patients  and  she  knows  her  students.  If 
circumstances,  such  as  size  of  the  unit  or 
the  rapid  patient  turnover,  makes  it  neces- 
sary to  delegate  some  of  her  teaching  duties, 
she  may  allow  her  assistant  to  take  the  res- 
ponsibility of  the  bedside  clinic  and  the 
morning  circle.  There  is  such  a  splendid 
opportunity  for  student  guidance  and  stu- 
dent development  in  a  properly  conducted 
nursing  study  that  a  head  nurse,  who  is  in- 
terested in  the  character  and  professional 
development  of  her  students,  would  wish  to 
assume  this  responsibility  herself. 

How  many  nursing  studies  she  could  ade- 
quately supervise  at  one  time  would  depend 
upon  the  staffing  of  the  department  with 
professional  and  non-professional  help,  the 
length  of  time  the  students  remain  with  her, 
the  experience  of  the  various  students  under 
her  direction,  and,  what  is  of  paramount 
importance,  her  recognition  of  the  advantages 
of  this  method  of  teaching. 

It  is  possible,  that  my  concentration  on 
the  case  study  method  of  teaching  student 
nurses,  even  for  the  purpose  of  writing  this 
paper,  has  resulted  in  my  over-emphasizing 
its  value.  However,  it  is  my  honest  convic- 
tion that  whenever  it  may  be  carefully  as- 
signed, adequately  supervised  and  adapted  to 
the  student's  learning  ability,  the  case  study 
method  serves  better  than  any  other  to  help 
the  patient  and  to  develop  in  the  nurse  the 
right  attitude  to  her  patients  and  to  nursing. 


The  following  contribution  to  the 
discussion  of  Miss  Denniston's  address 
was  made  by  Rev.  Sister  Lefebvre: 

Miss  Denniston  has  mentioned  some  of  the 
most  commonly  used  methods  of  ward  teach- 
ing and  I  should  like  to  discuss  two  of  them 
which  I  consider  to  be  quite  important:  the 


Vol.  38,  No.  9 


HEAD     NURSE     AS     CLINICALTEACHER     683 


morning  conference  and  the  bedside  clinic. 
The  morning  conference  is  a  daily  meet- 
ing of  the  students  and  the  supervisor  or 
the  head  nurse  for  the  purpose  of  review- 
ing the  night  report,  organizing  the  day's 
work,  and  discussing  problems  encountered 
or  anticipated  in  the  department.  It  usually 
lasts  from  about  ten  to  fifteen  minutes  and 
is  conducted  by  the  supervisor  or  the  head 
nurse.  The  advantages  of  the  morning  con- 
ference are  that  it  is  a  means  of  stimulating 
interest  in  the  ward  as  a  whole,  and  of  se- 
curing the  co-operation  of  the  nursing  staff; 
it  helps  the  student  to  adjust  more  readily 
to  a  new  service ;  it  gives  all  the  nurses  a 
better  understanding  of  the  special  nursing 
care  required  by  the  conditions  of  every 
patient  on  the  ward.  It  may  be  conducted 
by  first  offering  a  short  prayer;  reading  of 
the  night  report  with  emphasis  on  special 
problems  of  nursing  care;  planning  of  the 
day's  work ;  brief  topical  presentations  and 
discussions. 

Misuse  of  the  morning  conference  may 
come  about  as  the  result  of  a  detailed  night 
report  which  becomes  tedious  routine  for 
both  the  reader  and  the  listeners ;  too  much 
time  being  taken  for  the  assignments  for 
the  day  when  those  could  easily  be  posted ; 
suggestions  for  nursing  care,  or  other  work 
to  be  accomplished,  given  in  the  form  of 
exhortation  or  warning ;  lack  of  active  par- 
ticipation on  the  part  of  the  students;  con- 
ferences not  held  regularly;  little  or  no  im- 
mediate preparation  (lesson  planning)  on  the 
part  of  the  supervisor  or  the  head  nurse. 

The  following  suggestions  indicate  means 
for  making  the  conference  more  useful :  a 
shorter  night  report  and  a  more  intelligent 
interpretation  of  it,  so  that  it  may  be  of 
more  value  to  the  group ;  active  participa- 
tion on  the  part  of  the  students  by  means 
of  questions  and  discussions ;  special  pre- 
paration on  the  part  of  the  students  and 
the  head  nurse  for  every  conference  held; 
more  constructive  criticism;  topics  should  be 
selected  for  discussion  which  are  directly 
connected  with  the  nursing  care  being  given, 
or  with  a  problem  pertaining  to  the  ward 
situation. 

The  bedside  nursing  clinic  is  a  method  of 
teaching  in  which  a  patient  s  taken  as  the 


center  of  observation  and  study.  It  is  given 
to  a  group  of  students  and  the  discussion 
stresses  the  problems  involved  in  nursing 
care ;  the  patient  may  or  not  be  present.  The 
value  of  the  clinic  is  that  it  is  a  means  of 
correlating  theory  and  practice ;  it  brings 
before  the  group  various  nursing  problems 
connected  with  the  condition  of  the  patients, 
their  treatments  and  special  care  and  needs ; 
it  offers  the  nurse  an  opportunity  to  study 
the  patient  from  the  various  points  of  view : 
physical,  psychological,  moral,  and  social ; 
it  is  a  means  of  improving  the  nursing  care 
by  maintaining  an  active  interest  in  the 
individual  patient.  The  attending  physician 
(or  intern)  gives  a  brief  lecture  on  the  pa- 
tient selected ;  this  includes  symptoms,  dia- 
gnosis, treatment  and  prognosis.  The  topic 
should  be  adapted  to  the  students'  needs.  The 
supervisor  or  the  head  nurse  then  continues 
with  a  discussion  of  the  nursing  care.  Em- 
phasis is  placed  upon  the  purpose  of  the 
treatment  ordered  and  special  care  given ; 
individual  differences  in  patients  are  brought 
to  the  attention  of  the  nurses ;  consideration 
of  the  patient  as  a  person  is  stressed  and 
health  instruction  is  considered.  The  students 
may  contribute  information,  especially  if  the 
topic  is  posted  in  advance  and  assignments 
are  given.  One  student  may  be  responsible 
for  the  patient's  history ;  another  for  the 
treatments  ordered ;  a  third  for  the  nursing 
care  and  special  observations  made ;  a  fourth 
for  the  preventive  measures  and  health  teach- 
ing. 

Misuse  of  the  clinic  method  will  occur  if 
there  is  too  much  emphasis  upon  topics  that 
mostly  concern  the  physician,  or  if  the  pre- 
sentation of  the  subject  is  made  in  a  purely 
theoretical  manner  without  much  applica- 
tion to  the  patients.  Unusual  cases,  pre- 
senting very  few  nursing  problems,  and  lack 
of  active  participation  on  the  part  of  the 
students  are  other  examples  of  misuse,  as 
are  discussions  allowed  to  take  place  at  the 
bedside  of  the  patient,  or  the  exclusive  use 
of  the  clinic  method  of  teaching. 

It  is  suggested  that  there  should  be  em- 
phasis upon  nursing  care ;  observation  of 
the  patient  should  precede  or  follow  the 
clinic;  careful  preparation  on  the  part  of 
the    supervisor    and    students    is    necessary. 


SEPTEMBER,   1942 


Correlation  of  Classroom  Teaching  and 
Clinical  Experience 

Elsie  Allder 


Instructors  in  the  art  of  nursing  are 
always  concerned  as  to  how  to  co-or- 
dinate more  closely  classroom  instruc- 
tion with  actual  ward  experience.  The 
benefits  of  better  co-ordination  are  so 
obvious  they  need  not  be  repeated  and 
I  shall  just  mention  six  methods  which 
we  are  using  to  try  to  obtain  these  bene- 
fits. May  I  first  explain  the  terms  I  am 
going  to  use  in  speaking  of  those  who 
help  with  the  teaching  programme  r  The 
term  supervisor,  with  us,  means  a  mem- 
ber of  the  training  school  office  staff 
who  supervises  certain  wards  —  each 
of  these  wards  having  its  own  head 
nurse.  There  are  two  of  these  super- 
visors. The  medical  supervisor  super- 
vises three  medical  wards,  one  otolaryn- 
gological  ward  and  the  children's  ward, 
each  of  30  beds.  Her  duties  in  the  train- 
ing school  office  are  rotation  of  the  stu- 
dents and  teaching  the  medical  nursing 
classes.  The  surgical  supervisor  super-  ^ 
vises  the  urological  ward  of  43  beds,  and 
two  surgical  wards  each  of  30  beds.  Her 
duties  in  the  training  school  office  are 
checking  of  requisitions  for  ward  sup- 
plies and  equipment  from  all  wards; 
entering  and  filing  ward  reports  of  stu- 
dent nurses,  and  teaching  the  surgical 
nursing  classes.  With  us,  the  term  head 
nurse  means  a  graduate  nurse  in  charge 
of  one  ward  only. 

There  must  be  complete  co-operation 
between  instructors,  supervisors  and 
head  nurses  in  order  to  get  the  best  re- 
sults for  the  student  nurse,  and  I  am 
happy  to  say  that  we  have  this  co-opera- 
tion. In  connection  with  supervision  on 
the   wards,   I   would   like   to   stress   the 


value  of  having  the  science  instructors^ 
as  well  as  the  nursing  arts  instructor,  su- 
pervising the  students.  We  feel  that  their 
contribution  is  of  great  value  in  co- 
ordinating the  principles  underlying 
treatments  with  the  results  expected  and 
obtained.  For  example,  in  supervising  ap- 
plication of  dressings  to  a  wound  who, 
better  than  the  science  instructor,  can 
emphasize  to  the  student  the  connection 
between  her  instruction  in  bacteriology 
and  the  aseptic  technique  now  being  car- 
ried out  to  prevent  infection?  Or  again, 
in  the  pouring  of  medicines,  the  timely 
questioning  by  the  instructor  who  has 
taught  materia  medica  as  to  the  purpose 
for  which  the  medicine  is' given,  as  well 
as  the  correct  dosage,  <must  surely  em- 
phasize the  connection  between  what  has 
been  taught  and  what  the  student  is  now 
actually  doing  for  her  patient.  The 
night  supervisors  are  becoming  more 
conscious  of  their  share  in  the  teaching 
of  students,  and  are  most  helpful  in  this 
important  co-ordination. 

Nursing  clinics  are  given  by  the  nurs- 
ing arts  instructor,  the  surgical  and  med- 
ical supervisors  and  head  nurses.  These 
clinics  are  given  to  either  small  or  large 
groups  of  students  and  I  feel  that  no 
opportunity  for  teaching  on  the  ward 
should  be  lost.  Clinics  are  given  to  small 
groups  who  can  be  got  together  quickly 
to  see  some  condition  of  interest,  rather 
than  losing  this  opportuniy  waiting  for 
a  time  when  it  is  convenient  to  have  an 
entire  class  present. 

In  my  capacity  as  director  of  the 
teaching  department  I  have  two  assist- 
ants, one  of  whom  teaches  the  sciences. 


684 


Vol.  38,  No.  9 


f   CORRELATION    OF    CLASSROOM     TEACHING   685 


The  other  instructor  teaches  personal 
hygiene,  hospital  housekeeping  and  ma- 
teria medica  to  preliminary  students  and 
assists  with  their  nursing  practice  periods. 
I  teach  nursing  principles  and  practice, 
including  bandaging  and  history  of 
nursing,  to  preliminary  students.  I  also 
teach  advanced  nursing  to  junior  stu- 
dents and  proctor  lecures  given  by  doc- 
tors. The  teaching  schedule  is  so  ar- 
i"anged  as  to  provide  for  each  of  us  to 
spend  certain  hours  in  supervising  on 
the  wards. 

Among  the  methods  which  we  use  is 
having  a  patient,  wherever  possible,  in 
the  demonstration  room  or  in  the  ward, 
upon  whom  to  demonstrate  a  procedure 
such  as  making  a  bed  with  a  patient  in 
it;  giving  a  bed  bath;  applying  fomen- 
tations -or  hot  dressings.  Supervision  on 
the  wards  is  given  as  soon  as  possible 
after  the  procedures  have  been  taught  in 
the  demonstration  room.  In  the  teaching 
department,  we  have  a  record  of  the 
different  treatments  or  procedures  which 
have  been  taught  to  a  certain  class  of 
students.  Each  instructor  and  supervisor 
takes  certain  wards  on  which  to  super- 
vise these  treatments.  (This  is  in  addition 
to  routine  supervision  of  nursing  care  on 
the  wards.)  This  important  co-ordina- 
tion is  greatly  facilitated  by  conferences 
held  between  instructors  and  supervisors 
at  the  beginning  of  the  school  year,  and 
at  different  times  during  the  year,  as  ne- 
cessary. Conferences  between  instruc- 
tors and  head  nurses  are  held  regularly 
in  order  that  the  head  nurses  may  know 
when  certain  students  on  their  wards  are 
prepared  to  give  certain  treatments  and 
to  discuss  any  problems  regarding  them. 
We  get  students  together  who  are  hav- 
ing morning  hours  so  that  they  may  at- 
tend a  clinic  at  10.30  a.m.  These  clinics 
are  brief  but  helpful.  Causes,  prevention, 
treatment,  nursing  responsibilities  and 
health  teaching  are  all  emphasized  and 
summarized.  The  student  thus  eets  by 


questioning  and  repetition,  as  well  as  by 
observation  of  the  patient,  a  lesson  on 
that  certain  condition  or  operation, 
which  she  does  not  easily  forget.  A  clinic 
for  even  two  or  three  junior  students 
on  one  ward  may  demonstrate  the 
morning  care  of  a  patient  with  a  cardiac 
condition,  or  turning  a  post-operative 
thyroid  patient,  or  making  a  fracture 
bed. 

The  juniors  on  one  ward  may  be  as- 
sembled at  the  bedside  of  a  patient  re- 
ceiving morning  care.  The  instructor 
assists  the  student  nurse,  emphasizing  the 
important  points  in  that  care  —  turning, 
lifting,  supporting  the  patient,  arranging 
pillows,  devices  for  comfort,  etc.  Clinics 
to  large  groups  are  arranged  to  be  given 
to  a  definite  class  who  are  taking  their 
lectures  in  some  specialty  such  as  med- 
icine, surgery,  urology,  paediatrics.  At 
these  clinics,  a  doctor,  a  dietitian  and  a 
social  service  worker  often  share  in  dis- 
cussing the  patient's  condition  and  treat- 
ment. 

Perhaps  the  best  criterion  by  which  we 
may  determine  the  value  of  these  clinics, 
is  the  response  of  the  students  to  ques- 
tions, and  their  part  in  the  discussion. 
Teaching  must  not  be  didactic  and  one 
must  be  assured  that  the  student  is  realiz- 
ing the  connection  between  her  class- 
room instructions  and  the  situation  be- 
fore her.  Clinics  are  also  held  on  patients 
with  a  cardiac  condition,  anaemia,  or 
pneumonia,  and  on  patients  who  need 
post-operative  care  after  gastrectomy, 
thyroidectomy,  radical  mastectomy,  etc. 
These  clinics  are  not  given  at  the  pa- 
tient's bedside;  discussion  takes  place  in 
a  side  room  or  laboratory  off  the  ward, 
or  at  the  end  of  the  ward,  where  no 
patient  can  hear  what  is  being  said.  Hav- 
ing been  instructed  regarding  important 
points  to  observe,  the  students  are  then 
taken  to  the  patient's  bedside.  Depending 
upon  the  patient's  condition,  the  instruc- 
tor asks  questions  and  points  out  to  the 


SEPTEMBER.   1942 


686 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


students  anything  important  such  as  col- 
our, tremor,  or  emaciation.  The  patient 
is  thus  not  exhausted  or  distressed  in  any 
way.  Because  of  our  supervision  on  the 
wards,  we  know  the  patients  and  there- 
for have  an  easy  approach  to  them.  As 
a  general  rule,  they  are  glad  to  help  in 
this  way  and  do  not  mind  having  a  group 
of  student  nurses  around  the  bedside.  Be- 
cause we  know  what  is  going  on  in  the 
wards,  we  can  explain  questions  more 
intelligently.  The  students  who  attend 
these  clinics  are  enthusiastic  about  them, 
and  one  notices  an  added  interest  in  the 
patients  under  their  care.  A  record  is 
kept  of  attendance,  and  clinics  given  in 
the  morning  are  repeated  to  night  nurses 
before  7  p.m. 

After  the  morning  report,  and  before 
the  routine  of  the  day  commences,  the 
head  nurse  discusses  with  her  students 
the  condition  or  operation  of  one  pa':ient 
on  the  ward.  (There  may  be  three  or 
four  other  patients  on  the  ward  with  the 
same  condition,  or  who  have  had  the 
same  operation.)  The  head  nurse  leads 
the  discussion,  but  all  students  take  part 
and  both  ask  and  answer  questions 
These  conferences  take  ten  to  fifteen 
minutes  each  morning.  They  are  some- 
times given  every  morning  until  one 
subject  has  been  completed,  or  every 
morning  in  the  week. 

The  head  nurse  has  a  conference  with 
each  new  student  sent  to  her  ward  at 
some  time  during  her  first  day  on  the 
ward  and  again  at  intervals  as  neces- 
sary and  as  possible.  She  explains  to  the 
student  the  condition  of  the  patients  as- 
signed to  her  and  the  treatments  pres- 
cribed for  them.  She  questions  the  stu- 
dent regarding  these  treatments  so  as 
to  be  assured  that  she  understands  the 
purpose  for  which  they  are  given  and 
the  methods  of  giving  them.  A  "patient 
study"  is  valuable  if  written  under  the 
guidance  of  the  instructor  or  supervisor 


and  in  connection  with  some  patient 
whom  the  student  is  nursing.  Perhaps 
it  is  most  helpful  in  connection  with 
medical  and  surgical  lectures  and  the 
nursing  classes  which  the  student  is  at- 
tending. This  study  should  not  be  (as 
some  are)  a  copy  of  the  interne's  case 
history. 

These,  then,  are  some  of  the  methods 
which  have  helped  us.  We  do  feel  that 
our  efforts  have  not  been  in  vain,  and 
that  the  students  are  giving  better  and 
more  intelligent  nursing  care  to  their  pa- 
tients. 

Editor^ s  Note:  Following  Miss  All- 
der's  address,  the  following  contribution 
to  the  discussion  was  offered  by  Miss 
Marion  Myers,  instructor  of  nurses  in 
the  School  of  Nursing  of  the  Saint  John 
General  Hospital. 

V  In  discussing  the  correlation  of  classroom 
teaching  and  clinical  experience,  I  am  mak- 
ing my  approach  from  the  angle  of 
the  "one  instructor  school"  with  a 
correspondingly  small  personnel  to  do 
clinical  teaching.  In  such  a  school,  we  usu- 
ally find  that  the  instructor  has  little  or  no 
time  for  teaching  outside  the  classrooms, 
while  the  supervisors  and  head  nurses  are 
often  one  and  the  same  person  and  have 
the  twofold  responsibility  of  administration 
and  teaching,  the  former  presenting  the  more 
immediate  problems  and  consequently  claim- 
ing first  place.  We  all  realize  that  the  teach- 
ing programme  in  the  clinical  field  is  the 
very  life  blood  of  our  educational  system 
but,  in  spite  of  this  recognition,  co-ordina- 
tion of  ward  and  classroom  still  remains  the 
weakest  link  in  our  teaching  programme 
and  especially  so  in  the  type  of  school  I 
am  trying  to  present.  In  carrying  out  the 
methods  outlined  by  Miss  Allder  we  recog- 
nize these  important  factors :  good  planning 
and  system ;  the  valuable  contribution  which 
only  those  associated  with  patients  are  able 
to  give ;  understanding  and  appreciation  of 
the  inter-relationships  and  responsibilities  of 
each    department;    sufficient    staff. 


Vol.  38,  No.  9 


CORRELATION    OF    CLASSROOM     TEACHING    687 


In  the  case  of  the  "one  instructor  school", 
I  see  the  head  nurse  as  the  only  link  with 
the  instructor  in  making  any  sort  of  co- 
ordination possible  and  I  shall  briefly  refer 
to  the  relationships,  as  I  have  met  them, 
between  her  and  the  instructor.  The  head 
nurse  is  often  a  very  good  nurse  with  per- 
haps a  flair  for  administration.  She  knows 
and  is  interested  in  her  patients  and  has  much 
to  contribute.  On  the  other  hand,  she  fre- 
quently has  little  interest,  sympathy  or  ex- 
perience in  teaching.  To  her,  that  is  the 
work  of  the  instructor.  She  is  inclined  to 
think  of  students  in  terms  of  what  they 
can  give  rather  than  what  they  are  to  re- 
ceive. 

Co-operation  between  the  instructor  and 
the  head  nurse  requires  frequent  conferences 
with  general  plans  made  during  the  sum- 
mer when  the  lecture  programme  is  light. 
The  head  nurse  should  attend  demonstrations, 
not  only  as  a  means  of  keeping  her  informed 
of  teaching  methods  and  proper  techniques 
but  because  her  suggestions  are  both  valua- 
ble and  acceptable.  She  is  presented  to  the 
students  as  a  teacher  and  they  are  more 
inclined  to  seek  her  help  in  the  wards. 
By  accepting  her  suggestions  regarding  pro- 
cedures that  frequently  need  revising,  her 
interest  is  held.  Rarely  is  one  indifferent  to 
what  one  has  created.  She  should  be  kept 
informed  regarding  what  students  are  ex- 
pected to  do  and  far  enough  in  advance  to 
plan  the  work.  Consideration  of  the  ward 
from  the  standpoint  of  the  nursing  load  is 
essential — patients  must  always  come  first 
Head  nurses  should  proctor  lectures  in  their 
specialty  or  related  subjects;  this  gives  them 
a  responsibility  to  the  student  body  and 
gives  the  instructor  time  for  a  ward  visit. 

The  instructor  may  help  the  head  nurse  by 
having  preliminary  students  especially  well 
grounded  in  techniques  before  going  to  the 
wards  where  it  is  often  impossible  to  super- 
vise even  the  first  performance ;  the  use  of 
students  as  patients  wherever  possible  is 
good  here.  We  have  also  found  it  well  to 
make  the  ward  contact  early,  this  presents 
the  relationship  of  the  two  departments  and 
is  stimulating  to  interest.  When  a  thing  is 
learned,  it  is  natural  to  wish  to  put  it  in  use. 

Several   days  before  a  new  class   arrives, 


the  head  nurse  is  informed  regarding  who 
are  coming  and  what  they  are  prepared  to 
do.  Each  student  is  assigned  a  convalescent 
patient  and  morning  and  afternoon  care  are 
their  first  nursing  practices ;  as  the  instruc- 
tor feels  they  are  ready,  the  list  of  activities 
is  added  to.  The  instructor  is  usually  able 
to  spend  some  time  in  supervising  and  help- 
ing the  students  to  make  this  new  adjust- 
ment. A  morning  is  often  well  spent  on  the 
wards  when  the  instructor  can  supervise  such 
treatments  as  baths,  enemas,  dressings,  etc. 
This  is  a  worthwhile  demonstration  period 
and,  of  course,  should  be  planned  with  the 
co-operation  of  the  head  nurse. 

The  greatest  difficulty  in  co-ordination 
seems  to  come  after  the  students  have  passed 
the  preliminary  period,  when  they  are  more 
remote  from  the  classroom  and  the  work 
to  be  done  is  overwhelming.  It  is  at  this 
stage  that  the  conference,  clinic  and  case 
study  circle  bridge  the  gap  if  properly  car- 
ried out.  How  adaptable  are  they  to  the 
type  of  school  that  I  represent?  Personally, 
I  have  found  the  large  clinic  and  the  case 
study  difficult,  but  the  small  clinic,  and  es- 
pecially the  conference,  seem  to  have  many 
advantages.  The  conference  is  the  method 
we  have  tried  to  use.  The  head  nurse,  in  ad- 
dition to  her  talk  with  all  new  students,  en- 
deavours to  have  one  or  more  individual 
conferences  of  from  ten  to  fifteen  minutes 
each  daily.  She  discusses  with  the  student 
the  conditions,  objectives,  treatments  and 
reactions  of  the  student's  patients.  This  has 
advantages  in  that  many  students  respond 
to  this  method  better  than  with  a  group.  They 
discuss  what  they  are  interested  in  at  the 
time  and  they  receive  help  and  understanding 
relative  to  the  immediate  project.  In  addi- 
tion to  teaching,  the  head  nurse  knows  her 
students  better  through  these  contacts  and 
her  later  evaluation  is  more  accurate.  Con- 
ferences must  be  planned  and  records  kept. 

The  instructor's  conference  is  equally 
valuable  because  students  usually  discuss 
their  problems  freely  with  the  instructor 
perhaps  because  they  can  more  definitely 
define  her  part  in  the  teaching  programme. 
This  is  a  relationship  to  be  encouraged,  es- 
pecially where  it  is  difficult  for  the  instruc- 
tor to  spend  much  time  on  the  wards.  The 


SEPTEMBER,    1942 


688 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


students,  through  their  contact,  bring  the 
ward  to  her.  A  period  each  day  should  be 
set  aside  for  this  purpose  so  that  all  students 
are  interviewed  from  time  to  time.  The  con- 
ferences might  deal  with  adjustment  to  new 
situations ;  special  types  of  cases ;  underlying 
principles  relating  to  treatments ;  relationship 
of  special  lectures  to  cases.  Material  for 
clinics  is  often  found  in  this  way  and, 
through  the  student  presentation  of  patients 
and  problems,  the  instructor  often  sees  a 
definite  situation  where  she  may  help,  thus 
saving  time  as  well  as  giving  assistance 
where  it  is  needed. 

The  clinic  is  an  old  and  well  tried  method ' 
of  teaching  and  no  other  system  brings 
formal  learning  into  closer  relationship  with 
the  patient.  For  the  successful  clinic  we 
require  proper  selection  of  the  case,  and 
understanding  and  study  of  the  condition 
and  treatment  by  the  person  giving  the  clinic. 
The  students  should  be  prepared  to  under- 
stand and  associate  by  means  of  a  previous 
lecture.  Disturbing  factors  are  the  difficulty 
in  getting  a  group  of  nurses  together  and 
in  arranging  for  adequate  space  and  suffi- 
cient time.  The  early  afternoon  seems  a 
good  time  because  nurses  have  returned  from 
their  morning  hours,  patients  are  less  de- 
manding, doctors'  rounds  are  over,  and  vi- 


sitors ha/e  not  yet  arrived. 

Supervision  is  a  type  of  co-ordination  that 
requires  less  planning  and  can  be  carried  out 
at  any  time  with  any  student.  In  many 
schools,  supervision  needs  to  be  built  up  as 
a  more  constructive  and  helpful  instrument, 
rather  than  a  sort  of  correction  when  pro- 
cedures are  not  going  well.  The  fact  that 
a  student  carries  out  a  technique  correctly 
is  not  always  a  proof  of  her  understanding 
but  it  affords  an  excellent  setting  in  which 
to  test  her  association  of  underlying  prin- 
ciples. Examinations  in  nursing  practice  are 
much  more  satisfactory  if  taken  on  the  wards 
and  also  serve  as  a  link  in  the  co-ordinating 
scheme.  The  morning  circle  lends  itself  well 
to  all  hospitals  and  has  these  advantages :  the 
students  are  all  on  duty ;  the  patients  have 
received  recent  care  by  the  night  nurses ;  the 
students  are  more  alert  and  receptive  to 
learning  than  at  any  other  time ;  the  ward 
report  has  a  definite  relationship. 

The  methods  of  co-ordination  will  often 
have  to  be  selected  according  to  their  adapt- 
ability to  the  individual  school  or  department. 
But  the  vital  link  is  a  consciousness  of  the 
importance  of  the  inter-dependence  of  the 
teaching  departments  and  the  wards  by  all 
members  of  the  staff  of  a  hospital  asso- 
ciated with  a  nursing  school. 


Report  of  the  Public  Health  Section 


Culminating  the  activities  of  the  past 
four  years,  during  which  time  an  inten- 
sive study  was  made  of  the  existing 
minimum  quah'fications  for  employment 
in  public  health  nursing  positions,  a  re- 
port was  submitted,  and  the  following 
recommendations  were  unanimously 
adopted: 

That  we  approve  in  principle  the  require- 
ment that,  in  the  future,  all  new  appointees 
to  public  health  nursing  positions  should 
have  a  certificate  or  diploma  in  public  health 
nursing. 

That  we  approve  the  principle  of  married 


nurses  being  given  the  same  consideration  in 
employment  as  unmarried  nurses. 

That  during  the  war,  we  encourage  those 
married  nurses  holding  a  certificate  or  diplo- 
ma in  public  health  nursing,  to  return  to  the 
public  health  nursing  field  rather  than  to 
have  vacancies  filled  by  nurses  lacking  spe- 
cial preparation   for  this   field. 

That  in  collaboration  with  the  Public 
Health  Nursing  Section  of  the  Canadian 
Public  Health  Association,  an  extensive  pro- 
gram of  education  regarding  the  importance 
of  the  adequate  preparation  of  nurses  for 
public  health  positions  be  undertaken  with 
lay  boards  or  organizations,  with  health  of- 


Vol.  38.  No.  9 


PUBLIC     HEALTH     SECTION 


689 


ficers,  with  public  health  nurses  themselves 
and  especially  with  employees  in  industry. 

That  younger  nurses  who  are  now  en- 
gaged in  public  health  nursing  positions,  and 
who  have  not  a  certificate  or  diploma  in 
public  health  nursing,  be  urged  to  qualify. 

That  staff  education,  including  an  intro- 
duction to  the  specific  field  and  a  well- 
planned  programme  for  continuous  educa- 
tion of  the  staff,  be  considered  an  important 
programme  of  every  public  health  nursing 
organization. 

That  a  committee  composed  of  members 
from  the  Public  Health  Section  of  the  C. 
N.A.  and  the  Public  Health  Nursing  Sec- 
tion of  the  C.P.H.A.  working  in  collabora- 
tion, consider  these  recommendations  re- 
garding minimum  requirements  in  the  field 
of  public  health  nursing  for  the  years  1941- 
46,  before  they  are  finally  adopted.  Further, 
that  the  representatives  to  this  committee  be 
appointed  by  the  two  Executives  and  that 
the  Executive  of  the  Public  Health  Section 
of  the  C.N.A.  be  authorized  to  take  the 
necessary  steps  to  implement  it. 

That  a  representative  of  this  Section  be 
appointed  as  chairman  of  this  special  com- 
mittee to  consider  these  recommendations 
regarding  minimum  requirements  and  that 
she  be  empowered  to  select  members  from 
the  Public  Health  Section.  (Miss  Florence 
Emory  of  Toronto,  was  appointed  to  act  as 
chairman  of  this  special  committee.) 

That  this  Section  undertake  a  full  study 
of  the  salaries  of  all  nurses  working  in 
public  health  positions  in  Canada,  this  to 
include  a  study  of  the  possibilities  of  pension 
and  superannuation  schemes. 

A  second  study  was  referred  to  this 
Section  by  the  Committee  on  Nursing 
Education  of  the  C.N.A.  This  study 
was  concerned  with  the  standards  for 
admission  to  courses  in  pubh'c  health 
nursing.  The  Executive  of  the  Public 
Health  Section  felt  that  the  first  step 
would  be  to  determine  the  present 
standards  for  admission  required  by  the 
various  Universities  in  Canada  and 
United   States.    Following   the    reading 


of   the    report   at   the    Section    meeting, 
this   recommendation   was   adopted: 

That  this  study  be  referred  to  the  Pro- 
visional Council  of  University  Representa- 
tives and  that  the  chairman  of  the  Public 
Health  Section  of  the  C.N.A.  and  of  the 
Public  Health  Nursing  Section  of  the  C.P. 
H.A.  be  suggested  as  collaborators  in  con- 
tinuing this  study.  If  either  or  both  chair- 
men are  members  of  the  Provisional  Coun- 
cil, some  other  representative  shall  be  ap- 
pointed from  the  Section. 

A  request  was  received  from  one  of 
the  Provincial  Public  Health  Sections 
that  consideration  be  given  to  the  pos- 
sibility of  correspondence  courses  in  pub- 
lic health  nursing  being  established  to  be 
followed  by  an  intensive  course  at  the 
University  for  the  study  of  those  sub- 
jects which  do  not  lend  themselves  to 
the  correspondence  method.  There  was 
not  sufficient  time  at  the  Section  meet- 
ing to  discuss  the  merits  of  this  proposal 
and  it  too  was  referred  to  the  Provi- 
sional Council  of  University  Represen- 
tatives, without  recommendation  from 
this  Section. 

The  report  of  the  Publications  Com- 
mittee, commenting  on  the  development 
of  the  Public  Health  Page  in  The  Cana- 
dian Nurse  was  received  with  en- 
thusiasm. Suggestions  were  made  for 
the  types  of  material  which  would  be 
of  greatest  value  to  public  health  nurses 
in   Canada. 

A  well-attended  luncheon  was  held 
between  the  morning  and  afternoon  ses- 
sions of  the  Section  at  which  Rev. 
Father  Bouvier,  S.J.,  of  the  school  of 
Social  Service  of  the  University  of  Mon- 
treal, gave  a  most  instructive  address  on 
"Social  Problems  in  Industry".  It  is 
hoped  that  a  copy  of  this  material  may 
be  available  for  publication  in  the  near 
future. 

Margaret   E.    Kerr, 
Chairman,  Public  Health  Section, 


SEPTEMBER.   1942 


REPORT   OF    STUDIES   REGARDING  MINIMUM  REQUIREMENTS 
FOR  EMPLOYMENT  IN  THE  FIELD   OF  PUBLIC 
HEALTH  NURSING 


It  will  be  recalled  that  at  the  last 
session  of  the  Public  Health  Section,  held 
in  Calgary  in  1940,  definite  recommen- 
dations for  the  further  collaboration  of 
this  Section  with  the  Public  Health 
Nursing  Section  of  the  Canadian  Public 
Health  Association  were  adopted.  The 
instructions  given  to  the  in-coming  Exe- 
cutive at  that  time  were  to  collaborate 
"in  preparation  and  adoption  of  definite 
standards  for  the  employment  of  public 
health  nurses".  It  will  be  realized  that 
this  assignment  was  somewhat  broader 
than  the  study  of  minimum  qualifications 
only,  and  has  been  so  interpreted  by  the 
Executive  which  has  acted  as  the  core 
committee  approved  in  the  second  rec- 
ommendation. 

During  the  period  of  1940-41,  it  was 
decided  to  continue  the  study  of  mini- 
mum standards  by  a  consideration  of 
the  question,  "How  many  nurses  with 
public  health  training  could  be  absorbed 
in  each  province  annually  in  order  to 
meet  the  requirements  of  established 
services?"  In  order  to  answer  this  ques- 
tion, it  seemed  necessary  to  secure  in- 
formation as  to,  first  how  many  nurses 
were  being  graduated  each  year  from 
the  various  universities  providing  courses 
in  public  health  nursing,  and  second, 
how  many  nurses  were  being  absorbed 
annually  in  each  province,  and  of  these 
how  many  were  fully  qualified  as  public 
health  nurses. 

In  studying  the  first  question,  the 
co-operation  of  the  six  Canadian  uni- 
versities maintaining  schools  or  depart- 
ments of  nursing  for  the  training  of  pub- 
lic health  nurses  was  secured,  and  the 
results  of  the  study  were  published  on 
the  Public  Health  Nursing  Page  of  The 
Canadian  Nurse y  June   1941. 


This  study  indicated  two  things  in 
particular.  First,  that,  in  general,  over  a 
period  of  five  years,  the  facilities  avail- 
able for  the  training  of  public  health 
nurses  were  not  used  to  their  maximum 
extent.  In  other  words,  there  always  has 
been  a  gap  between  the  maximum  num- 
ber of  students  the  universities  were 
prepared  to  enrol,  and  the  number  ac- 
tually in  attendance.  This  would  seem 
to  indicate  a  need  for  greater  effort  on 
the  part  of  all  public  health  nurses,  or- 
ganizations employing  public  health 
nurses,  and  associations,  to  encourage 
more  graduate  nurses  to  avail  themselves 
of  the  postgraduate  opportunities  pro- 
vided. It  points,  too,  to  the  importance 
of  establishing  scholarship  and  loan  funds 
to  assist  nurses  who  are  interested  in  se- 
curing full  qualifications  but  who  are 
unable  to  finance  the  project  alone. 

This  study  also  revealed  that  there 
was  a  considerable  tendency  on  the  part 
of  the  graduates  of  these  public  health 
nursing  courses  to  accept  employment  in 
the  province  in  which  they  had  secured 
their  training,  rather  than  to  return  to 
their  home  province.  Since  courses  are 
available  at  the  universities  in  only  four 
provinces,  it  is  reasonable  to  assume  that 
the  remaining  five  might  experience 
some  difficulty  in  securing  the  services  of 
qualified  public  health  nurses.  This  as- 
sumption was  borne  out  in  a  later  study. 
A  report  of  the  findings  in  the  second 
question  was  published  on  the  Public 
Health  Nursing  Page  of  The  Canadian 
Nurse  in  January  1942. 

On  the  basis  of  the  figures  obtained 
in  these  studies  the  Executive  prepared 
an  outline  for  the  Provincial  Sections 
to  use  in  considering  the  minimum  qua- 
lifications for  the  employment  of  public 


690 


Vol.  38,  No.  9 


PUBLIC    HEALTH    SECTION 


691 


health  nurses  which  were  outlined  and 
adopted  by  the  Public  Health  Nursing 
Section  of  the  Cajiadian  Public  Health 
Association.  These  minimum  qualifica- 
tions are  presented  and,  in  reviewing 
them,  the  replies  to  the  questions  asked 
in  the  study  outline  received  from  the 
Provincial  Public  Health  Nursing  Sec- 
tions are  summarized  for  your  considera- 
tion : 

Academic  qualifications  for  staff 
nurse,  supervisor,  assistant  director  and 
director  should  be  Pass  Matriculation, 
and  higher  educational  attainment  is 
desirable.  Personal  qualifications  should 
include  good  physical  health,  pleasing 
personality,  emotional  stability,  and 
sound  character;  good  judgment;  an 
enquiring  mind;  an  understanding  and 
sympathetic  interest  in  people;  ability 
to  get  along  with  people;  a  well-devel- 
oped sense  of  responsibility;  resource- 
fulness; tenacity  of  purpose  with  ability 
to  compromise  and  not  to  antagonize; 
dependability. 

Applicants  for  positions  as  staff  nurses 
should  possess  the  following  professional 
qualifications: 

A  diploma  in  nursing  from  a  recognized 
hospital  or  university  school  of  nursing. 

A  certificate  or  diploma  in  public  health 
nursing  from  a  recognized  university  school 
or  department. 

The  applcant  should  be  registered  in  the 
province  or  state  where  her  training  was 
received  and  should  be  eligible  for  regis- 
tration in  the  province  where  employment  is 
sought. 

Preparation  for  the  field  of  public  health 
nursing  should  be  secured  through  from  two 
to  three  years  of  study  in  a  hospital  school 
of  nursing  followed  by  one  year  of  special 
preparation  in  public  health  nursing  or  a 
well-integrated  training  of  between  three  and 
four  years  with  emphasis  upon  preventive 
teaching  throughout,  and  including  specific 
teaching  in  organized  pubic  health  work. 

Some  contact  with  community  health  serv- 
ices in  each  of  three  years  of  undergraduate 
training. 

SEPTEMBER,   1942 


A  minimum  of  three  months  of  practice 
work  including  experience  in  municipal 
health  department  practice  and  visiting  nurs- 
ing :  preferably  experience  in  a  rural  field 
should  be  added. 

The  basic  professional  qualifications 
for  a  supervisor  are  the  same  as  for  a 
staff  nurse.  In  addition  she  should  have 
a  minimum  of  from  two  to  four  years 
of  diversified  experience  and  at  least  one 
of  these  experiences  should  have  been 
with  a  public  health  nursing  agency 
where  adequate  supervision  is  provided. 
She  should  have  a  technical  knowledge 
of  the  specific  field  to  be  supervised  and 
special  training  in  the  field  of  super- 
vision (both  theoretical  and  practical) 
is  desirable. 

The  assistant  director  should  possess 
the  professional  qualifications  outlined  for 
a  supervisor,  together  with  satisfactory 
supervisory  experience,  preferably  with 
more  than  one  organization.  Additional 
postgraduate  experience  is  desirable,  and 
she  must  have  a  technical  knowledge  of 
the  specific  field.  The  director  should 
possess  the  professional  qualifications  as 
outlined  for  a  supervisor  as  well  as  su- 
pervisory experience,  preferably  with 
more  than  one  type  of  public  health  or- 
ganization. She  should  possess  marked 
administrative  ability  and  should  have 
taken  additional  postgraduate  work. 

Replies  given  by  the  Provincial  Public 
Health  Sections  to  the  following  ques- 
tions are  significant: 

Do  \ou  jeel  that  it  is  too  soon  to  in- 
troduce this  requirement  of  a  certificates 
in  fublic  health  nursing  as  a  standard  for 
all  of  Canada  i^ 

All  provinces  were  agreed  that  theo- 
retically it  was  an  ideal  standard.  Mani- 
toba and  New  Brunswick  felt  the  time 
was  not  ripe  to  require  it.  Alberta  felt 
that  such  a  requirement  could  not  be 
enforced  with  the  present  wartime  short- 
age of  nurses.  We  must  bear  in  mind 
that  we  are  building  for  the  future,  how- 
ever, and  set  our  standards  accordingly. 


692 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


Should  we  acceft  this  requirement  and 
attemft  to  enforce  it? 

British  Columbia  and  Ontario  gave 
an  emphatic  "yes".  Prince  Edward  Is- 
land also  would  institute  this  require- 
ment for  all  new  staff  nurses.  The  other 
provinces  felt  it  was  impossible  to  en- 
force it  though  every  effort  should  be 
made  to  encourage  its  acceptance.  Since 
we  in  the  Section  do  not  have  the  au- 
thority to  enforce  any  such  requirement, 
if  we  approve  the  principle,  it  will  be 
incumbent  upon  each  one  of  us  to  en- 
courage its  adoption  by  local  and  pro- 
vincial organizations. 

What  factors  would  hinder  this  en- 
forcement in  your  -province F 

Curiously  enough,  almost  all  the  dif- 
ficulties seemed  to  be  focused  on  the 
problem  of  nurses  securing  postgraduate 
training,  rather  than  the  need  for  edu- 
cating lay  boards  or  organizations  to 
demand  the  fully  qualified  worker.  Que- 
bec, New  Brunswick  and  Nova  Scotia 
indicated  that  the  employer's  lack  of 
understanding  of  the  value  of  properly 
trained  personnel  was  a  factor,  but  the 
chief  difficulty  seemed  to  be  the  inability 
of  the  nurses  to  finance  such  courses. 
Manitoba  commented  on  the  accessibil- 
ity to  universities  providing  public  health 
nursing  courses.  Perhaps  the  first  ap- 
proach by  this  Section  should  be  to  seek 
the  establishment  of  standardized  courses 
in  every  provincial  university. 

Would  financial  considerations,  both 
from-  the  point  of  view  of  the  employ- 
ing agency  and  the  nurse,  he  vital  fac- 
tors in  many  communities? 

The  majority  of  the  provinces  re- 
plied in  the  affirmative  since  higher  sa- 
laries would  be  demanded  by  fully  qual- 
ified nurses.  Alberta  states,  however, 
that  there  is  practically  no  difference 
between  the  salaries  paid  to  public  health 
nurses  and  those  nurses  without  special 
training.  A  full  study  of  the  salary 
situation  would   be   a  very  worthwhile 


project  for  this  Section   to  undertake. 

Where  does  stress  need  to  be  placed 
in  order  to  achieve  this  objective',  (a) 
with  lay  boards  of  organizations,  (b) 
with  health  officers,  (c)  with  employers 
in  industry,  (d)  with  public  health 
nurses  themselves? 

The  feeling  was  unanimous  that  all 
groups  mentioned  were  in  need  of  edu- 
cation. Ontario  felt  the  greatest  effort 
should  be  made  with  employers  in  in- 
dustry. Our  study  of  the  industrial 
nurses  indicated  that  of  187  who  were 
employed  in  1940  only  14  or  7.4% 
were  fully  qualified  public  health  nurses. 
Since  there  was  common  agreement  that 
even  the  public  health  nurses  themselves 
needed  to  be  aroused  to  an  appreciation 
of  the  value  of  public  health  training, 
an  extensive  programme  to  include  all 
of  the  above-mentioned  groups  should 
be  undertaken  by  this  Section. 

How  can  we  proceed  to  educate  these 
groups  to  the  desirability  of  this  stand- 
ard? 

First,  by  being  very  sure  ourselves  of 
its  merits.  You  cannot  sell  a  product  ef- 
fectively if  you  do  not  believe  in  it  your- 
self. Suggestions  were  made  for  re- 
gional conferences  of  lay  boards,  where 
authoritative  reports  might  be  given 
showing  the  economic,  social  and  edu- 
cational value  of  the  services  of  qualified 
public  health  nurses.  While  some  plan 
of  this  kind  is  followed  by  such  national 
organizations  as  the  Victorian  Order  and 
the  Red  Cross,  few  efforts  have  been 
made  to  sponsor  such  institutes  for  lay 
boards  in  general.  The  Proposed  Curri- 
culum for  Schools  of  Nursing  outlines 
a  course  in  Community  Health  and  So- 
cial Needs  which  provides  an  avenue 
for  a  qualified  public  health  nurse  to 
reach  the  student  nurses  as  they  approach 
graduation  and  educate  them  as  to  the 
value  of  properly  qualified  personnel 
in  the  community  services.  Other  sug- 
gestions  included   such   programmes   as 


Vol.  38,  No.  9 


PUBLIC     HEALTH     SECTION 


693 


providing  refresher  courses;  providing 
summer  sessions  at  the  universities  where 
nurses  might  secure  credits  leading  to 
their  certificate  during  their  vacation  pe- 
riod; increased  provision  of  bursaries 
and  loans;  promoting  study  groups 
through  the  provincial  sections  to  stim- 
ulate local  interest;  increased  use  of 
well-stocked  lending  libraries;  corres- 
pondence courses  from  the  universities 
in  lieu  of  full  attendance  for  the  theory; 
exchange  of  nurses  between  staffs  in 
university  and  non-university  centres  to 
facilitate  courses  of  study  on  a  part- 
time  basis. 

With  employers  in  industry,  it  was 
felt  that  direct  contact  should  be  made 
by  well-informed  representatives  of  each 
provincial  public  health  section.  The 
utilization  of  the  services  of  fully  qual- 
ified public  health  nurses  who  would 
strive  to  maintain  the  health  of  the 
workers  so  that  their  efficiency  is  in- 
creased could  be  urged  in  these  inter- 
views. 

//  these  mimmum  qualifications  be- 
come ejjectvue  what  stefSy  if  any,  should 
be  taken  concerning  the  nurse  already 
employed  in  fublic  health  work  but  who 
has  not  a  fublic  health  certificate? 

It  was  the  concensus  of  opinion  that 
the  younger  group  of  nurses  should  be 
urged  to  qualify,  being  given  leave  of 
absence  for  this  purpose.  Some  provinces 
suggested  a  maximum  of  two  years' 
employment  for  unqualified  nurses  after 
which  they  should  be  required  to  take 
a  course.  For  all  of  these  nurses,  in-serv- 
ice training  was  considered  a  requisite. 

Should  any  special  consideration  be 
allowed  her  by  the  university  at  which 
she  may   take  a  public  health   course? 

Certain  field  work  credits  might  be 
allowed  providing  the  service  from 
which  the  nurse  came  had  maintained 
a  standard  of  work  which  could  be 
evaluated.  It  was  felt  that  the  theore- 
tical part  of  the  course  should  not  be  cur- 


tailed. There  was  a  suggestion  that  for 
older  nurses  some  special  consideration 
might  have  to  be  made  on  the  basis  of 
educational  requirements  for  admission 
to  the  university. 

Should  the  age  of  the  nurse  be  a  fac- 
tor in  determining  the  policy  of  the  em- 
ploying agency  in  requiring  its  nurses  to 
become  fully  qualified? 

Unanimous  approval  was  given  to  this 
question,  especially  for  the  older  women 
who  may  be  nearing  the  age  of  retire- 
ment. It  was  emphasized  that  chrono- 
logical age  should  not  be  given  as  much 
weight  in  such  decisions  as  the  number 
of  years  of  experience. 

Should  the  minimum  person^  quali- 
fications be  the  same  whether  a  nurse 
is  working  alone  or  as  a  member  of  a 
staff?  What  further  qualifications  should 
the  nurse  working  alone  have? 

These  persona]  qualifications  are  de- 
sirable in  both  cases,  but  tht  nurse  work- 
ing alone  should  be  more  mat. 're,  with 
greater  qualities  of  leadership  a.:u  '^^e- 
cutive  ability,  and  greater  development 
of  her  powers  of  judgment.  One  very 
important  point  that  is  well  worth  in- 
clusion was  mentioned  by  Manitoba  — 
"ability  to  sustain  her  enthusiasm". 

In  the  event  of  a  shortage  of  public 
health  nurses,  should  fully  qualified  pub- 
lic health  nurses  who  are  married  be 
employed? 

The  replies  were  all  in  favour  of  this 
plan,  thoUj^h  ■•"ith  certain  limitations. 
Alberta  feels  if  there  is  a  shortage  of 
public  health  nurses  only,  others  should 
be  encouraged  to  fill  these  positions  with 
the  understanding  that  they  would  take 
postgraduate  work  later.  British  Colum- 
bia suggested  that  employment  should 
cease  as  soon  as  the  shortage  could  be 
met  by  unmarried  qualified  nurses.  Ma- 
nitoba and  New  Brunswick  felt  the 
personal  responsibilities  of  the  married 
nurse  should  be  considered.  Nova  Scotia 
felt  that  training  of  new  personnel  was 


SEPTEMBER,  1942 


694 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


too  expensive.  Ontario  and  Quebec  felt 
the  married  nurse  was  emotionally  more 
stable  and  better  able  to  adjust  than  the 
unqualified  nurse.  Prince  Edward  Island 
stated  the  married  nurse  must  not  have 
been  inactive  for  longer  than  five  years. 

Should  some  additional  training  or 
experience  in  teachings  over  and  above 
the  instruction  and  -practice  provided  for 
in  university  public  health  courses,  be 
instituted? 

In  general,  it  was  felt  the  theoretical 
background  provided  was  adequate  but 
greater  attention  should  be  given  to  the 
practical  application  to  every  teaching 
situation,  especially  in  the  home  visit. 
More  practically  experience  with  talks 
to  adult  groups  was  urged. 

Should  some  special  effort  be  made 
to  encourage  nurses  who  have  had  pre- 
vious experience  as  school  teachers  to 
enter  public  health  work? 

The  replies  to  this  question  were  va- 
ried and  interesting,  ranging  from  a 
whole-hearted  "yes"  to  "not  necessarily, 
some  teachers  make  poor  public  health 
nurses".  Other  provinces  reported  that, 
other    things    being    equal,    the    public 


health  nurse  with  a  teaching  background 
was  a  success,  but,  in  the  long  run,  it 
depended  upon  the  individual.  The  most 
amusing  of  the  replies  read  "in  reaching 
this  goal  of  increased  requirements  we 
must  be  careful  lest  we  find  ourselves 
with  an  over-educated  group  of  old 
maids". 

Should  some  minimum  qualifications 
in  regard  to  teaching  ability  be  included? 
If  so,  what  would  you  suggest? 

While  only  one  province  felt  it  was 
unnecessary  to  include  teaching  ability 
as  a  qualification,  all  found  it  difficult 
to  make  concrete  suggestions  regarding  a 
definite  form  in  which  the  qualification 
should  be  stated.  It  was  urged,  however, 
that  a  saHsfactory  standard  curriculum  of 
public  health  nursing  courses  be  drawn 
up  and  used  by  all  universities  in  Canada 
providing  training  for  public  health 
nurses,  this  to  include  instruction  in  how 
best  to  plan  and  organize  work  and 
to  adapt  methods  to  individuals  and 
group  teaching. 

Margaret  E.  Kerr 

Chairman 

Public  Health  Section 


STANDARDS  FOR  ADMISSION  TO  COURSES  IN  PUBLIC 
HEALTH  NURSING 


At  an  Executive  meeting  of  the  Cana- 
dian Nurses  Association  held  in  January 
1942  the  following  recommendation 
was  made:  "In  view  of  the  impetus 
which  may  be  given  to  public  health 
nursing  by  the  war,  it  is  recommended 
that  the  Executive  Committee  of  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association  should  ask 
the  Committee  on  Nursing  Education 
of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association  im- 
mediately to  study  and  formulate  stand- 


ards for  the  training  of  public  health 
nurses".  As  the  Public  Health  Section 
was  already  studying  qualifications  for 
public  health  nurses  this  recommenda- 
tion was  referred  to  our  Section. 

The  Executive  of  the  Public  Health 
Section  felt  that  the  first  step  in  this 
study  would  be  to  determine  the  present 
standards  for  admission  to  courses  in 
public  health  nursing.  Accordingly  let- 
ters were  sent  to  the  directors  in   uni- 


Vol.  38,  No.  9 


PUBLIC     HEALTH     SECTION 


695 


versities  offering  such  courses  in  both 
Canada  and  the  United  States,  asking 
for  their  syllabus  and  also  requesting  in- 
formation on  any  special  courses  which 
may  have  been  instituted  in  order  to 
prepare  public  health  nurses  in  a  shorter 
time  to  meet  the  increasing  shortage  of 
trained  personnel.  Letters  were  also  sent 
to  the  various  Foundations  and  Loan 
Funds  asking  for  the  standards  which 
are  set  for  applicants.  The  following 
report  is  based  on  the   replies  received: 

Loan  Funds  and  Scholarships:  Re- 
plies were  received  from  eight  Founda- 
tions or  Associations  offering  scholarships 
or  loans.  All  required  the  applicant  to 
be  a  graduate  of  an  accredited  school 
of  nursing  and  that  she  be  registered  in 
the  state  or  province  from  which  she 
came.  Most  require  that  the  applicant 
have  from  one  or  two  years'  experience 
in  some  field  of  nursing.  Two  request 
a  satisfactory  health  certificate. 

Universities:  In  reviewing  the  infor- 
mation received  from  departments  in 
universities  offering  courses  in  public 
health  nursing,  the  statements  regard- 
ing eligibility  for  entrance  to  the  course 
were  considered  under  the  following 
headings:  age  of  applicant;  preHminary 
education;  hospital  background;  regis- 
tration; personal  and  other  qualifica- 
tions. 

Replies  were  received  from  nineteen 
universities  in  the  United  States.  Many 
offer  both  the  certificate  and  the  degree 
course,  while  some  offer  only  a  course 
leading  to  a  degree  in  public  health 
nursing.  No  age  limit  is  stated  by  any 
university.  The  applicant  must  be  a 
graduate  of  an  accredited  high  school. 
Some  universities  stipulate  certain  sub- 
jects which  must  be  taken  in  high  school. 
Although  not  stated  by  all,  since  these 
courses  are  approved  by  the  National 
Organization  for  Public  Health  Nursing, 
it  is  taken  for  grandted  that  applicant 
must    be    a    graduate    of   an    accredited 


school  of  nursing  connected  with  a  hos- 
pital having  a  daily  average  of  100  pa- 
tients. Registration  in  the  state  of  the 
student's  residence,  or  in  the  state  in 
which  the  course  is  being  taken,  is  re- 
quired. Several  universities  specify  de- 
finite qualifications,  such  as  an  interest 
in  and  ability  to  work  with  people; 
good  physical  health  and  emotional  stab- 
ility; initiative,  good  judgment,  resour- 
cefulness, personal  fitness  for  public 
health  nursing. 

Replies  were  received  from  six  uni- 
versities in  Canada.  Three  offer  courses 
leading  to  a  degree  as  well  as  the  certi- 
ficate course.  One  offers  a  combined 
course  in  hospital  and  public  health  nurs- 
ing. One  university  indicated  that  ap- 
plicant should  not  be  over  35  years  of 
age  when  entering  the  school,  another 
that  applicant  should  not  be  more  than 
35  years  of  age  unless  already  engaged 
in  school  or  public  health  nursing.  Three 
universities  do  not  indicate  any  age  limit. 
Five  universities  require  pass  or  junior 
matriculation  and  one  senior  matricula- 
tion. Although  not  stated  by  all,  it  is 
taken  for  granted  that  applicants  to  all 
courses  must  be  graduates  of  approved 
schools  of  nursing.  Some  state  that  ap- 
plicants must  be  registered  in  the  pro- 
vince or  country  from  which  they  come 
and  others  ask  only  that  applicant  be 
eligible  for  registration.  No  personal 
qualifications  are  stated.  One  university 
asks  for  a  certificate  of  health;  another 
asks  for  a  certificate  of  medical  examina- 
tion and  of  successful  vaccination  with- 
in seven  years  or  of  insusceptibility  to 
vaccine  within  five  years;  another  asks 
for  a  certificate  of  good  health  and  a 
report  of  a  recent  x-ray  of  the  chest. 

From  the  replies  received  to  questions 
regarding  special  plans  for  perparation 
of  public  health  nurses  to  meet  shortage 
of  trained  personel,  it  was  learned  that 
in   the   United  States  many  universities 


SEPTEMBER,   1942 


696 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


are  endeavouring  to  speed  up  their  train- 
ing in  such  ways  as  the  following: 

Repeating  many  courses  that  ordinarily 
would  not  be  repeated,  thus  allowing  a  stu- 
dent to  come  in  for  a  shorter  period  than 
was  formerly  possible  and  also  allowing  a 
Student  to  enter  at  any  quarter  of  the  year 
and  to  be  sure  of  a  well-balanced  programme. 

Offering  a  full  semester  of  work  during 
the  summer  session  instead  of  the  usual  six 
and  eight  week  courses. 

Changing  from  a  semester  to  a  trimester 
basis,  thus  with  more  frequent  repetition  of 
the  courses  included  enabling  nurses  to  com- 
plete their  programmes  more  rapidly. 

Increasing  enrolment. 

Arranging  with  field  agencies  to  take 
students  during  the  summer  months. 

Admitting  an  extra  class  one  month  later 
than  the  usual  registration. 

In  order  to  meet  the  problem  of 
staffing  local  public  health  nursing  agen- 
cies, one  university  is  selecting  a  few 
students  who  have  excellent  professional 
backgrounds  and  who  have  completed 
the  theoretical  part  of  the  public  health 
nursing  course,  and  who  give  promise 
of  development,  for  a  year's  generalized 
experience  under  supervision  in  well- 
organized  public  health  agencies.  These 
students  join  the  staff  and  are  paid  the 
usual  salary  of  a  new  nurse.  They  are 
given  every  opportunity  and  experience 
that  the  agency  offers,  and  they  agree 
to  stay  one  full  year.  The  university 
does  not  give  them  their  credits  for  their 
work    until    they    have    completed    the 


year  of  work  with  the  agency.  This 
takes  tke  place  of  the  regular  three 
months  of  field  work.  One  university 
reports  the  addition  of  a  special  night 
course  for  nurses  in  industry  and  the 
nurses  from  local  public  health  associa- 
tions who  may  help  in  carrying  the  in- 
dustrial nursing  programme.  Another 
university  has  set  up  refresher  courses 
which  extend  through  one  quarter  and 
provide  for  the  re-training  of  public 
health  nurses  who  have  been  out  of  the 
field  for  some  time.  In  this  plan  the 
nurses  take  the  standard  basic  courses 
and  in  addition  carry  a  supervised  read- 
ing programme. 

In  Canada  three  universities  stated 
that  they  have  made  plans  to  increase 
their  enrolment,  but  no  definite  state- 
ments were  made  in  regard  to  any  fur- 
ther plans  to  prepare  public  health  nurses 
in  a  shorter  time. 

It  is  recommended  that  a  special  com- 
mittee be  appointed  by  this  Section  of 
the  Canadian  Nurses  Association  and 
the  Public  Health  Section  of  the  Cana- 
dian Public  Health  Association  to  col- 
laborate with  the  universities  sponsoring 
courses  in  Public  Health  Nursing,  for 
the  study  of  existing  courses  and  for 
the    formulation   of  standard   curricula. 

Margaret  E.  Kerr 

Chairmen 

Public  Health  Section 

Canadian  Nurses  Association 


RAPPORT  DE  LA  SECTION   D'HYGIENE    PUBLIQUS 
(section  fran^aise) 


N  ombre  d'infirmikres-visiteuses :  Donner 
une  idee  exacte  du  nombre  d'infirmieres  en- 
gagees  en  hygiene  publique  est  assez  diffi- 
cile, car  les  infirmieres  ne  sont  pas  toutes 
fideles  a  rempUr  et  a  retourner  a  notre  re- 
gistraire  la  formule  destinee  a  nous  rensei- 


gner  sur  I'emploi  de  chacune  d'elles.  Nous 
pouvons  dire  que  nous  comptons  presente- 
ment  dans  la  province  681  infirmieres  visi- 
teuses  ou  hygienistes,  Melle  Upton,  en  1940, 
rapportait  que  566  infirmieres  appartenant 
a  notre  section  etaient  reparties  ainsi :  dans 


Vol.  38.  No.  9 


PUBLIC    HEALTH    SECTION 


697 


les  organisations  officielles  —  246,  dans  les 
organisations  privees  —  225  (sont  comprises 
aussi  parmi  ces  organisations  les  infirmieres 
du  V.O.N,  et  de  I'Assurance-Vie  Metropo- 
litaine),  dans  les  industries  —  72,  engagees 
en  tuberculose  seulement  —  23.  En  1941, 
nous  trouvons  que  les  infirmieres  au  nombre 
de  681  se  rencontrent  dans  les  organisations 
suivantes :  organisations  officielles,  295;  or- 
ganisations privees,  258 ;  industries,  103 ;  en 
tuberculose,  25.  L'augrrtentation  notee  de 
1941  sur  1940  est-elle  reelle  ou  est-elle  due 
simplement  a  une  meilleure  classification? 
De  681  infirmieres  visiteuses,  en  ne  tenant 
pas  compte  de  celles  qui  travaillent  dans  les 
industries,  nous  croyons  qu'environ  425  sont 
de  langue  franaise  et  que  136  d'entre  elles 
ont  leur  diplome  en  hygiene  publique,  ce  qui 
fait  un  pourcentage  de  32%. 

Activities  de  la  section:  Le  Comite  a  tenu 
en  1940  cinq  assemblees  de  I'Executif  et  5 
assemblees  en  1941.  Nous  avons  tenu  egale- 
ment  une  assemblee  generale  de  tous  les 
membres  en  1940.  Nous  avions  a  cette  as- 
semblee une  conference  sur  I'heredite  et  les 
lois  de  Mendel.  A  I'assemblee  generale  de 
1941,  nous  avons  eu  une  conferenciere  de  la 
Commission  des  Prix  en  temps  de  Guerre, 
qui  nous  a  renseignees  sur  le  devoir  des  ci- 
toyennes,  concernant  le  plafond  des  prix. 
Mile  Suzanne  Giroux,  co-aviseur  de  TAsso- 
ciation  des  Gardes-Malades  du  Canada,  est 
venue  nous  expliquer  les  problemes  urgents 
du  nursing. 

En  vue  de  collaborer  et  de  seconder  les 
efforts  de  nos  gouvernants,  le  Comite  a  of- 
fert  a  ses  membres  quelques  cours  sur  la 
nutrition.  L'inscription  a  ces  cours  fut  de 
270.  Avec  les  benefices  realises  par  ces  cours 
et  ceux  donnes  en  1940,  la  section  fringaise 
off  re  deux  bourses  de  $100  aux  infirmieres 
qui  desirent  faire  des  etudes  en  hygiene  pu- 
blique. En  1940,  une  infirmiere  de  I'Assis- 
tance  Maternelle  a  beneficie  d'une  de  ses 
bourses  et  suivit  le  cours  de  I'Ecole  d'lnfir- 
mieres  Hygienistes  de  I'Universite  de  Mont- 
real. 

La  section  a  enquete,  comme  d'ailleurs  il 
a  ete  fait  dans  les  autres  provinces,  sur  le 
nombre  d'infirmieres  engagees  en  hygiene 
publique  et  sur  leurs  qualifications.  A  une 
assemblee  conjointe  de  membres  de  langue 


anglaise  et  de  langue  frangaise,  il  y  eut  une 
discussion  sur  les  moyens  a  prendre  afin  de 
mettre  en  pratique  les  recommandations  de 
la  section  du  nursing  de  I'Association  Cana- 
dienne  d'Hygiene  publique.  Rapport  de  ces 
deux  etudes  fut  envoye  a  I'executif.  Deux 
membres  de  notre  section  ont  ecrit  en  colla- 
boration im  article  sur  ce  qui  se  fait  en 
hygiene  dans  nos  families  canadiennes-fran- 
gaises  a  Montreal. 

Amelioration  et  expansion  des  services 
d'Hygiene:  Les  services  d'infirmieres  dans 
les  industries  a  pris  ces  annees  dernieres 
beaucoup  d'expansion;  quoique  nous  ne  pou- 
vons  pas  donner  de  chiffres  exacts,  nous 
avons  I'impression  qu'il  y  a  une  augmenta- 
tion assez  notable.  Au  Ministere  de  la  San- 
te,  nous  sommes  heureuses  de  faire  remar- 
quer  que  les  infirmieres  des  centres  de  colo- 
nisation ont  pu  bene  f icier  d'une  serie  de 
cours  sur  les  problemes  a  resoudre  dans  ces 
regions.  Les  maladies  veneriennes  ont  main- 
tenant  dans  la  province  combat  a  livrer  avec 
les  enqueteuses.  Le  gouvernement  passait 
la  "loi  des  maladies  veneriennes"  le  20  mars 
1941.  Depuis  des  Services  Sociaux  furent 
organises  dans  plusieurs  centres.  Les  infir- 
mieres, avant  d'assumer  leurs  fonctions,  ont 
regu  des  cours  speciaux  sur  les  moyens  de 
faire  le  depistage  et  le  "follow-up"  des  cas. 

Au  Service  de  Sante  de  la  Ville  de  Mont- 
real, la  tendance  est  que  les  infirmieres  hy- 
gienistes fassent  du  service  generalise,  ex- 
ception faite  des  soins  au  chevet.  Ces  chan- 
gements,  sans  doute  une  amelioration,  sont 
survenus  a  la  suite  de  la  division  de  la  Ville 
en   districts   sanitaires. 

Faits  a  souligner:  Depuis  la  Convention 
de  Calgary,  plusieurs  faits  demontrant  pro- 
gres  dans  le  domaine  de  I'hygiene  publique 
meritent  mention.  Le  Congres  de  rAssoda- 
tion  Canadienne  de  I'hygiene  publique  a  tenu 
ses  assises  dans  la  vieille  capitale  de  Que- 
bec. Celles  qui  ont  eu  I'avantage  de  s'y  ren- 
dre  ont  apprecie  I'hospitalite  franche  et  sin- 
cere des  Quebecois.  Deux  seances  a  ce  Con- 
gres furent  specialement  consacrees  au  nurs- 
ing ;  des  travaux  tres  interessants  furent  pr^ 
sentes  surtout  par  les  infirmieres  du  Mi- 
nistere de  la  Sante.  Un  rapport  volumineux 
des  seances  des  diverses  sections  fut  public 
par  rAssociation. 


SEPTEMBER,   1942 


698 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


Les  infirmieres  de  I'hygiene  publique  ont 
repondu  avec  empressement  aux  desirs  de 
TAssociation  des  Gardes-Malades  du  Canada 
et  un  grand  nombre  ont  suivi  les  cours  en 
secourisme ;  plusieurs  surveillantes  et  direc- 
trices ont  regu  le  diplome  d'instructeur  en 
secourisme.  Les  medecins  et  les  infirmieres 
du  Service  de  Sante  de  la  Cite  de  Montreal 
ont  donne,  sous  la  directive  de  I'Ambulance 
St-Jean,  des  cours  aux  eleves  des  8,  9,  10, 
11  et  12ieme  annees,  des  ecoles  de  la  metro- 
pole. 

Univcrsite  de  Montreal :  Nous  croyons 
qu'il  est  interessant  de  noter  les  changements 
survenus  a  I'Ecole  d'Infirmieres  Hygienistes 
de  rUniversite  de  Montreal.  Cette  ecole, 
connue  autrefois  sous  le  nom  "d'Ecole  d'Hy- 
giene  Sociale  Appliquee",  fondee  et  dirigee 
par  M.  le  docteur  J. -A.  Baudoin,  est  main- 
tenant  sous  la  direction  immediate  d'une  in- 
firmiere.  La  directrice  interimaire  actuelle 
partage  son  temps  entre  le  Service  de  Sante 
et  I'Ecole,  mais  des  I'annee  1942-43,  une 
directrice  permanente,  dument  qualifiee,  en 
assumera  les  fonctions.  Ce  changement  est 
survenu  a  la  suite  d'une  reorganisation  de 
I'Ecole.  Cette  reorganisation  fut  suscitee  par 


la  visite  de  Rev.  Soeur  Olivia  Gowan,  doy- 
enne de  la  Faculte  du  Nursing,  Universite 
Catholique  de  Washington  et  presidente  de 
"Association  of  Collegiate  Schools  of  Nurs- 
ing" et  de  Mile  Mary  C.  Connor,  secretaire 
du  programme  d'education  de  "National  Or- 
ganization for  Public  Health  Nursing". 
Les  directives  de  ces  deux  distinguees  visi- 
teuses  sont  suivies  a  I'Ecole.  II  est  a  desirer 
que  I'Ecole  continue  de  progresser  et  que 
dans  un  avenir  rapproche  toutes  les  infir- 
mieres de  langue  frangaise  soient  munies  du 
diplome  hygieniste. 

En  terminant  mon  rapport,  je  tiens  a  sou- 
ligner  tout  le  plaisir  et  la  satisfaction  que 
j'ai  eprouves  a  travailler  avec  les  membres 
de  I'Executif  de  1' Association  des  Gardes- 
Malades  du  Canada  et  de  I'Association  des 
Gardes-Malades  Enregistrees  de  la  Province 
de  Quebec.  L'inter|t  et  la  collaboration  ap- 
portes  par  les  membres  de  notre  Comite  aux 
questions  interessantes  de  nursing  confirment 
que  les  infirmieres  ne  restent  pas  indiffe- 
rentes  a  I'avancement  et  au  progres  de  leur 
profession. 

A.  Martineau,  g.m.e. 

Convocatrice 


Report  of  the  Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing  Section 


I  have  the  honour  to  present  the  re- 
port of  the  Hospital  and  School  of  Nur- 
sing Section,  Canadian  Nurses  Associa- 
tion, for  the  years  1940-1942.  Two 
executive  meetings  were  held  but  the 
work  of  the  section  has  been  carried  on 
largely  through  correspondence.  The 
first  meeting  of  the  Executive  was  held 
in  Montreal  in  November  1940;  Miss 
Thelma  MacKenzie  was  appointed  con- 
venor of  the  Committee  on  Instruction 
and  plans  for  Section  activities  were  dis- 
cussed. 

In  February  1941  the  convenor 
wrote  to  all  provincial  convenors  sug- 
gesting   topics    which    seemed    to    merit 


special  study  by  all  members  of  the  Sec- 
tion.    These  topics  included: 

The  Curriculum  Supplement  on  clinical 
teaching,  its  study  and  distribution. 

The  probable  shortage  of  nurses  due  to 
war  conditions  and  means  to  combat  this. 

Consideration  of  the  possibility  of  prep- 
aration and  employment  of  graduate  nurses 
as  clinical  technicians,  due  to  a  shortage  of 
internes,  and  the  probable  effect  of  this  on 
nursing. 

The  general  duty  nurse :  her  importance  to 
the  hospital  and  her  development  for  greater 
responsibility  with  a  corresponding  improve- 
ment in  her  status. 

These  points  have  been  and  will  con- 


Vol.  38,  No.  9 


HOSPITAL     AND     SCHOOL    OF  NURSING 


AQQ 


tinue  to  be  of  major  importance  to  all 
nurses  particularly  to  those  in  hospital 
work. 

A  second  Executive  meeting  was  held 
in  Ottawa  in  September  1941.  At  this 
meeting  the  resignation  of  Mrs.  Tripp 
(Miss  Thelma  MacKenzie)  was  ac- 
cepted with  regret  and  Miss  Miriam 
Gibson,  Toronto,  was  appointed  to  suc- 
ceed her.  Two  important  decisions 
were  made  at  this  meeting:  (1)  the 
initiation  of  "A  Page"  in  The  Canadian 
Nurse;  (2)  a  study  of  Registration 
Examinations. 

Encouraged  by  the  editor,  and  by 
promises  of  support  from  the  provinces, 
it  was  decided,  with  some  trepidation, 
that  the  Section  undertake  to  sponsor 
"A  Page"  in  The  Canadian  Nurse.  In 
doing  this  we  were  following  the  excel- 
lent example  of  the  Public  Health  Sec- 
tion. Miss  Gertrude  Ferguson,  Ot- 
tawa, was  appointed  convenor  of  pub- 
lications for  the  Section.  Miss  Fer- 
guson's report  will  be  presented  but  the 
Executive  of  the  Section  would  like  to 
take  this  opportunity  to  express  keen  ap- 
preciation of  the  interest  which  has  been 
shown  in  this  project  by  all  provinces. 
We  shall  follow  the  development  of  our 
infant  with  much  interest  and  are  happy 
to  know  that  articles  are  on  hand  for 
the  present  and  that  a  number  of  others 
are  in  process  of  preparation. 

The  lack  of  uniformity  of  subjects 
and  methods  of  conducting  prov^incial 
registration  examinations  was  discussed 
and  a  fact  finding  committee  was  ap- 
pointed, convened  by  Miss  Gibson,  to 
make  an  exhaustive  study  of  present 
practices  in  all  provinces.  Later,  the 
Committee  functioned  under  the  Com- 
mittee on  Nursing  Education  of  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association  and  a  re- 
port has  been  prepared  for  presentation. 

War  conditions  have  imposed  many 
additional  demands  on  nurses  but,  as  is 


usual  in  times  of  stress,  everywhere, 
there  is  evidence  of  greater  interest  and 
effort  which  promises  well  for  the  fu- 
ture. This  is  well  illustrated  by  the  re- 
ports of  provincial  sections.  Study 
groups  are  being  organized  throughout 
Canada  and  these  are  concerned  with 
such  aspects  of  nursing  as: 

Imfrovement  of  clinical  teaching 
through  better  methods  and  better  prep- 
aration of  staff  nurses.  This  is  the  result 
of  interest  aroused  by  the  Curriculum 
Supplement  and  by  refresher  courses. 
The  refresher  course,  "Better  Nurses 
Better  Nursing",  given  by  Miss  Linde- 
burgh  is  enthusiastically  referred  to  in 
more  than  one  report. 

Imfrovement  of  examination  both 
in  schools  of  nursing  and  for  reg-istra- 
tion.  Types  of  questions,  rating  scales, 
text  books,  etc.,  are  being  reviewed. 

Post-graduate  courses  to  prepare 
nurses  to  fill  the  gaps  constantly  being 
made  by  the  demands  of  military  nur- 
sing, nursing  help  to  other  countries  and 
by  marriage. 

Refresher  courses  both  for  active 
nurses  and  for  nurses  who  have  been 
out  of  active  service  for  some  time  and 
wish  to  prepare  themselves  for  present 
or  future  emergency  calls. 

C entrali-zed  preliminary  teaching  to 
improve  the  quality  of  instruction  es- 
pecially for  the  schools  where  facilities 
are  limited  and  instructors  few. 

War  services  work  of  all  kinds  but 
more  particularly  attending  or  teaching 
first  aid  and  air  raid  precautions  classes. 

Items  from  the  provincial  reports 
deserve  special  mention  here.  In  Al- 
berta the  instructors  group  is  very  active, 
meeting  monthly  except  during  the 
summer  months  and  instructors  from 
smaller  centers  find  ways  of  attending. 
In  British  Columbia^  contact  has  been 
made  with  Girls'  Counsellors  of  the 
Vancouver   High    Schools.       The    pos- 


SEPTEMBER,   1942 


700 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


SJbility  of  short  courses  in  hospital  ad- 
ministration, teaching  and  supervision  is 
being  studied.      In  Ontario,  a  number 
of  new  instructor  groups  is  being  formed 
for    detailed    study    of   the    Curriculum 
Supplement.     Consideration  of  central- 
ized preliminary  teaching,  especially  for 
the     science     subjects,     is     proceeding. 
There  is  an  increase  in  the  number  and 
variety  of  refresher  courses.     In  Saskat- 
chewan, a  study  of  the  Curriculum  Sup- 
plement is  being  made  by  assigning  cer- 
tain   parts    to    each    sub-section    of   the 
province.     A  report  has  been  made  of 
the  findings  and  recommendations.     A 
revision    of   the    minimum    Curriculum 
has     been     completed     and     refresher 
courses   for   inactive    nurses   have    been 
held.    In  Manitoba,  the  production  and 
use    of    suitable    films    for    teaching    in 
Schools  of  Nursing  w^as  recommended 
following   an    experimental   showing   of 
both  sound  and  silent  films.      Of  out- 
standing interest  is  the  successful  organ- 
ization of  a  course  for  head  nurses  in 
ward  administration  and  teaching.    One 
class  a  week  was  held  from  October  to 
April    with    a    short    Christmas    recess. 
The   course   finished   with   an   Institute 
conducted    by   Miss    Ida    MacDonald, 
University  of  Minnesota.      The   atten- 
dajice    averaged    forty   and    the    results 
were    thought   to    be   most   satisfactory. 
Meetings    of    instructors    were    utilized 
for  demonstrating  and  evaluating  meth- 


ods of  teaching  with  a  view  to  standard- 
ization. In  Nova  Scotia,  the  improve- 
ment of  educational  entrance  require- 
ments, through  contact  with  High 
Schools  has  been  effected.  The  estab- 
lishment of  a  loan  fund  by  some  Schools 
of  Nursing  has  stimulated  post-graduate 
study.  First  aid  and  home  nursing  have 
been  added  to  the  Curriculum.  Follow- 
ing a  visit  from  Miss  K.  W.  Ellis,  nurses 
representing  18  hospitals  from  all  parts 
of  the  province  met  for  a  conference 
on  hospital  nursing  service.  In  Quebec, 
there  has  been  intensive  study  of  the 
Curriculum  and  a  revision  of  the  by- 
laws of  all  Sections  has  been  completed. 
Refresher  courses  were  held  for  the 
Public  Health  Section  (English)  and 
special  techniques  were  demonstrated. 
In  New  Brunswick,  study  groups  were 
formed  throughout  the  province  for  the 
study  of  Curriculum  Supplement.  A 
refresher  course  given  by  Miss  Linde- 
burgh  was  held  at  Saint  John  at  which 
each  school  in  the  province  was  rep- 
resented by  two  staff  members.  A 
yearly  scholarship  for  a  university  post- 
graduate course  continues  to  be  given 
by  the  Provincial  Association.  In  Prince 
Edward  Island,  improvement  is  noted 
in  Registration  Examinations  and  the 
nurses  are  very  active  in  war  service. 

Blanche  Anderson, 
Chairman,  Hospital  and  School  of 
Nursing  Section. 


Report  of  the  General  Nursing  Section 


One  executive  meeting  of  the  Sec- 
tion was  held  and  the  remainder  of  the 
work  has  been  carried  on  by  corxespon- 
dence.  It  was  necessary  for  the  executive 
to  appoint  a  vice-chairman,  in  the  per- 
son of  Miss  W.  K.  Brown,  Wolfville, 
Nova  Scotia  and  a  second  vice-chairman. 


Miss   Pearl   Brownell,   Winnipeg,    Ma- 
nitoba. 

The  General  Nursing  Section  now 
sponsors  a  quarterly  page  in  The  Cana- 
dian Nurse.  The  publications  committee 
has  functioned  faithfully.  Great  credit  is 
due  the  convenor,  Miss  Helen  Jolly,  for 

Vol.  38,  No.  9 


i 


GENERAL  NURSINGSECTION 


701 


her  untiring  efforts.  Educational  projects 
have  been  carried  on  as  will  be  seen  in 
the  provincial  reports,  a  brief  summary 
of  w^hich  is  herewith  set  down. 

British  Columbia :  The  establishment  of 
a  Nursing  Bureau  is  under  consideration  in 
Vancouver.  Employment  has  been  brisk. 

Alberta:  Educational  programmes  are  re- 
gularly arranged.  There  is  a  periodic  short- 
age of  private  duty  nurses  and  difficulty  in 
filling  general  duty  calls.  Practically  all 
nurses    have    taken    first    aid    and    A.R.P. 


Saskatchewan :  Considerable  work  has 
been  done  on  registry  re-organization.  In 
some  places  practical  nurses  have  been  per- 
mitted to  register  on  the  professional  regis- 
try. Married  nurses  are  being  brought  back 
into  the  field  in  order  to  take  care  of  the 
need.  One  registry  extends  equal  privileges 
to  married  and  single  nurses  alike,  while 
another  calls  them  only  when  single  nurses 
are  not  available.  There  has  been  an  ab- 
normal demand  for  general  duty  nurses  for 
smaller  hospitals.  They  have  not  all  been 
filled.  Refresher  courses  have  been  arranged. 

Manitoba:  Calls  for  private  duty  nurses 
have  been  adequately  taken  care  of  but 
great  difficulty  is  experienced  in  obtaining 
nurses  for  general  duty,  especially  for  hos- 
pitals m  the  country.  Many  married  nurses 
have  come  back  into  private  duty  and  a  few 
into  general  duty.  Married  nurses  who  have 
been  out  of  active  nursing  for  some  time  are 
advised  to  do  hospital  work  for  a  month  or 
two  before  registering.  Refresher  courses 
have  been  held. 

Ontario :  Private  duty  nurses  all  over  the 
province  are  studying  registry  organization. 
Several  set-ups  have  been  made  and  re-or- 
ganization of  existing  registries  is  under 
way.  Practical  nurses  are  being  supplied  by 
several  professional  registries.  Educational 
programmes  have  been  carried  on.  Refresher 
courses  specifically  arranged  for  private 
duty  nurses  have  had  co-operation  of  the 
Universities  of  Ottawa  and  Toronto.  In  Lon- 
don, demonstrations  of  new  procedures  and 
review  of  others  were  included  in  the  course 


presented.  A  course  of  instruction  for  prac- 
tical nurses  was  sponsored  by  the  London 
Central  Registry  for  Nurses. 

Quebec:  The  eight-hour  schedule  became 
effective  in  Montreal  in  1941.  There  is  a 
periodic  shortage  of  nurses.  Educational  pro- 
grammes including  first  aid  and  A.R.P. 
courses  have  been  well  attended. 

Neiv  Brunswick :  Generally  there  has  been 
a  step  up  in  employment  although  Frederic- 
ton  reports  a  medium  year  and  St.  Stephen 
a  normal  one.  Regular  educational  program- 
mes are  arranged.  Re-organization  of  re- 
gistries is  under  consideration  in  some  cen- 
tres. Twelve-hour  schedule  is  prevalent 
thoughout  the  province. 

Nova  Scotia:  The  last  report  received 
from  this  province  stated  optional  eight  or 
twelve-hour  duty  was  being  done  in  Halifax 
hospitals  by  private  duty  nurses  and  that 
in  other  centres  twelve-hour  duty  predo- 
minates. 

Prince  Edward  Island:  First  aid  courses 
and  A.R.P.  lectures  have  been  well  attended. 
There  is  a  shortage  of  private  duty  nurses. 

The  tabulation  of  data  received  and 
subsequent  estimate  on  a  percentage 
basis  presents  a  general  picture  of  nurs- 
ing registries  in  Canada.  Since  the  de- 
tail of  the  survey  is  too  extensive  to  in- 
clude in  this  report  we  have  endeavoured 
to  incorporate  only  the  most  important 
factors.  Information  was  received  con- 
cerning 95  places  where  registries  func- 
tion. 

Twenty-two  of  these  registries  are 
Central  Registries  of  which  twelve  have 
reorganized  within  the  past  five  years 
and  five  within  the  past  six  months.  Fif- 
teen registries,  conducted  by  hospitals, 
are  considering  re -organization.  One 
registry  is  conducted  by  a  drug  store. 
The  following  summary  gives  an  out- 
line of  the  general  situation: 

91%  carry  only  professional  nurses  on 
their  call  boards. 

9%  carry  professional  nurses  and  practical 


SEPTEMBER,  1942 


702 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


nurses  with  2%  of  this  group  including 
masseuses  and  orderlies. 

9%  use  improved  record  systems  including 
personal  file  of  registrants.  A  number  re- 
cently organized  use  a   follow-up  system. 

74%  maintain  only  a  list  of  nurses  names 
for  the  convenience  of  hospitals  and  physi- 
cians. 

12%  function  under  the  direction  of  a  re- 
presentative board  of  directors. 

51%  have  no  governing  board. 

21%  conform  to  established  rules  and 
regulations.  In  many  instances  they  are  very 
limited. 

7%  arrange  regular  educational  program- 
mes. 

93%  do  not  provide  for  an  educational 
project.  Some  state  that  private  duty  nurses 
take  advantage  of  refresher  courses  spon- 
sored by  other  groups.  Fees  to  the  patient  are 
not  uniform.  For  an  eight-hour  period  they 
range  from  $3.  to  $5.  for  one  period  of  serv- 
ice. For  a  twelve-hour  period  they  vary 
from  $3.  to  $7.50. 

The  eight-hour  schedule  for  private 
duty  nurses  in  hospitals  is  fairly  general 
except  in  the  Maritime  Provinces  where 
twelve-hour  duty  predominates.  Twen- 
ty-hour duty  in  homes  is  still  offered 
in  most  centres.  Two  places  offer  only 
eight-hour  service.  Hourly  nursing  serv- 
ice offered  through  registries  is  not 
used  extensively.  With  two  or  three 
exceptions,  organized  registry  office  per- 
sonnel agree  that  calls  for  private  duty 
are  being  taken  care  of  but  that  general 
duty  calls  are  very  difficult  to  fill.  It 
is  felt  this  is  not  due  to  the  type  of 
work  but  to  the  salaries  offered.  Infor- 
mation reveals  that  salaries  range  from 
$45.  to  $65.  a  month  with  maintenance, 


with  a  small  number  exceeding  this 
amount.  Nurses  are  unwilling  to  accept 
employment  for  general  staff  nursing 
on  a  daily  basis  with  salary  pro-rated  on 
a  monthly  scale.  It  is  pointed  out  that 
their  cost  of  living  remains  the  same  un- 
less they  are  taken  on  the  permanent 
staff. 

Selectivity  of  periods  of  duty  and  cases 
is  becoming  more  prevalent.  It  is  well 
to  remember  we  are  professional  women 
offering  a  public  service:  that  we  are 
at  war,  and  that  our  duty  lies  in  meet- 
ing the  public  need  in  nursing  service. 
A  great  number  of  practical  nurses  are 
working  in  every  province.  In  a  small 
number  of  communities  an  attempt  is 
being  made  to  offer  direction  and  to 
exercise  some  control  over  this  group. 
There  is  an  increasing  tendency  toward 
registering  the  practical  nurse  on  the 
professional   registry. 

The  survey  reveals  the  need  for: 

1.  The  organization  and  co-operation 
of  private  duty  and  general  duty 
nurses  in  their  respective  com- 
munities. 

2.  The  developing  of  community  nurs- 
ing registries  (including  record  sys- 
tems) in  order  that  adequate  nurs- 
ing service  will  be  provided  to  the 
pubhc  and  at  the  same  time  afford 
a  measure  of  protection  for  the  nurse 
identified  with  the  service. 

3.  The  arrangement  of  regular  educa- 
tional  in-service   programmes. 

Madalene  Baker 

Chairman 

General  Nursing  Section 


BEWARE  OF  FRAUDULENT  AGENTS ! 


Fraudulent  agents  are  soliciting  suh- 
scriftions  in  Saskatchewan  and  Nova 
Scotia.    This  Journal  employs  no  agents. 


Tiiese  persons  are  frauds  and,  if  they 
approach  you,  show  them  this  notace  and 
warn  othier  nurses. 


Vol.  38.  No.  9 


The  General  Staff  Nurse 

Hester  J.  Lusted 


The  general  staff  nurse  has  been  a 
subject  of  great  interest  to  the  entire 
profession,  and  today  her  problems 
should  be  of  the  utmost  importance  to 
all  thinking  members  of  our  Associa- 
tion. There  has  been  considerable  con- 
fusion as  to  what  we  mean  by  general 
staff  nurse  or  general  duty  nurse,  as 
she  is  sometimes  called.  General  nurs- 
ing service  usually  means  that  in  addi- 
tion to  bedside  care,  the  nurse  performs 
tasks  not  assigned  to  students  as  part 
of  their  new  experience  or  daily  practice. 
She  must  be  prepared  to  relieve  the  head 
nurse  in  her  hours  off  duty  and  to  do 
any  of  the  thousand  and  one  things  es- 
sential to  the  smooth  functioning  of  the 
hospital.  According  to  the  definition  ap- 
proved by  the  American  Nurses  Asso- 
ciation, the  general  staff  nurse  is  one 
who  is  engaged  in  the  actual  bedside  care 
of  patients  in  hospital. 

The  problem  as  regards  the  general 
staff  nurse  presents  more  than  one  as- 
pect. The  first  consideration  should  be 
to  give  the  graduate  nurse  an  apprecia- 
tion of  the  satisfactions  and  opportunities 
offered  by  this  field  of  work;  the  second 
should  be  to  encourage  the  administra- 
tive staffs  of  hospitals  to  make  more  ef- 
fective use  of  her  abilities;  and  the  third 
should  be  the  improvement  of  working 
conditions.  Out  of  the  consideration  of 
these  factors  will  emerge  a  clearer  defi- 
nition of  her  status  within  the  profession. 

A  high  quality  of  bedside  nursing 
care  is  demanded  of  the  graduate  staff 
nurse.  If  she  finds  her  greatest  satisfac- 
tion in  giving  this  fundamental  service, 
the  hospital  offers  the  opportunity  of 
practising  this  art.  The  constant  succes- 
sion of  different  patients  gives  variety 
to  her  work.  If  her  interests  lie  in  one 


particular  department,  graduate  expe- 
rience will  increase  both  her  knowledge 
and  her  skill  and  prove  a  basis  for  later 
specialization.  She  develops  a  sense  of 
responsibility,  a  mature  judgment,  and 
a  self-confidence  which  cannot  be  ex- 
pected of  the  student  nurse,  no  matter 
how  careful  her  training.  Increased  res- 
ponsibility and  a  wider  experience  may 
point  up  undiscovered  ability  in  teach- 
ing or  administration.  Indeed,  the  po- 
tential head  nurse  should  be  discovered 
in  the  general  staff  group.  General  staff 
nursing  is  an  invaluable  experience  and 
forms  a  sound  basis  for  work  in  any 
field  of  nursing. 

There  is  a  great  need  for  the  general 
staff  nurse.  We  know  how  essential  her 
services  are  to  the  hospital  employing  an 
all-graduate  staff,  but  do  we  reahze 
how  important  a  position  she  fills  in  the 
hospital  connected  with  a  school  of  nurs- 
ing? The  highest  standards  of  student 
education  cannot  be  maintained  and  the 
best  possible  care  given  to  patients  if  your 
hospitals  are  again  to  become  entirely 
dependent  on  the  student  body  for  nurs- 
ing service. 

The  contacts  with  students  are  an 
important  part  of  general  staff  nursing 
in  a  hospital  with  a  school.  For  much 
too  long,  the  graduate  nurse  in  the  hos- 
pital has  occupied  an  anomalous  position. 
She  is  no  longer  in  the  same  category  as 
the  student,  and  is  not  yet  considered  an 
integral  part  of  the  staff.  Her  influence 
over  the  students  is  much  greater  than 
is  commonly  realized,  and  she  should 
be  an  example  and  an  encouragement  to 
every  student  with  whom  she  comes  in 
contact.  \Vorking  with  the  students  in 
caring  for  patients,  she  has  opportunities 
for  informal  teaching  which  do  not  pre- 


SEPTEMBER,   1942 


703 


704 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


sent  themselves  to  the  instructor  or  the 
ward  supervisor.  Should  not  the  teaching 
department  recognize  this  fact  and  en- 
sure that  such  teaching  will  be  of  posi- 
tive value  to  the  students?  The  general 
staff  nurse  cannot  be  expected  to  rec- 
ognize her  responsibility  in  such  situa- 
tions unless  she  is  encouraged  to  feel  that 
she  has  an  important  contribution  to 
make  to  the  school  of  nursing  and  to  its 
»tudents. 

Pi'om  the  point  of  view  of  the  nurse 
herself,  one  of  the  great  disadvantages 
in  general  staff  work  is  the  lack  of  re- 
cognition accorded  this  position  by  others 
in  the  nursing  profession.  This  feeling 
of  inferior  status  is  most  acute  in  the 
group  who  are  employed  as  general  staff 
nurses  by  their  own  hospital  immediately 
after  graduation.  There  is  a  marked 
feeling  on  their  part  that,  although  they 
are  registered  nurses  and  have  much 
more  personal  freedom  and  responsibility 
than  the  students,  their  status  in  regard 
to  the  hospital  authorities  is  not  sharply 
differentiated  from  that  of  the  senior 
students.  This  attitude  is  in  some  meas- 
ure due  to  the  fact  that,  although  they 
have  attained  professional  standing  and 
are  no  longer  members  of  the  student 
body,  their  occupational  environment 
has  changed  little  if  at  all.  However, 
this  dissatisfaction  is  found  also  among 
general  staff  nurses  working  in  hospitals 
other  than  the  one  in  which  they  trained, 
and  even  in  hospitals  where  an  all-grad- 
uate staff  is  employed.  The  importance 
of  this  factor  has  been  appreciated  by 
the  Canadian  Nurses  Association,  and  a 
step  towards  recognition  of  general  staff 
nursing  as  a  valuable  branch  of  the  pro- 
fession was  taken  when  provision  was 
made  for  the  participation  of  this  group 
in  the  General  Nursing  Section. 

Another  major  problem  is  that  of 
maintaining  the  nurse's  interest  and  en- 
thusiasm in  her  work.  The  feeling  that 
she   is  losing  many  new   experiences  is 


too  often  due  to  the  common  practice  of 
assigning  her  to  any  particularly  busy 
department  without  regard  for  her  spe- 
cial interests  and  abilities.  If  she  per- 
forms her  duties  in  a  fairly  satisfactory 
manner,  she  remains  in  that  position  for 
an  indefinite  period.  She  is  not  encou- 
raged to  take  any  more  responsibility 
than  a  student  and,  unlike  the  student, 
she  is  not  receiving  the  stimulus  of  classes 
and  lectures.  Staff  conferences  and  staff 
education  programmes  are  seldom  plan- 
ned for  her  benefit.  Unless  she  is  very 
alert  and  ambitious,  or  the  department 
is  a  specially  in  which  she  is  particularly 
interested,  her  enthusiasm  for  her  work 
slackens  and  the  quality  of  her  nursing 
service  tends  to  deteriorate  proportiona- 
tely. 

A  well  planned  staff  education  pro- 
gramme could  do  much  to  offset  this 
tendency.  In  other  fields  of  nursing, 
staff  conferences  and  discussions  have 
proven  very  successful  not  only  as  a 
means  of  maintaining  standards  of  nurs- 
ing service  and  of  ensuring  that  the 
staff  share  new  experiences  and  ideas 
but  also  as  an  important  factor  in  the 
self-development  of  the  individual  nurse. 
The  general  staff  nurse  should  be  en- 
couraged to  plan  for  her  future  and 
every  possible  means  used  to  help  her  to 
advance  in  her  chosen  field. 

Every  professional  worker  is  entitled 
to  an  adequate  financial  return  for  her 
services,  which  should  be  sufficient  to 
maintain  a  decent  standard  of  living 
with  a  margin  for  future  security.  All 
too  often,  a  very  unsatisfactory  salary 
scale  has  been  imposed  on  the  general 
staff  nurse.  The  permanence  of  her  em- 
ployment is  in  direct  relation  to  changes 
in  the  patient  census  of  the  hospital.  In 
cases  where  she  does  remain  for  long 
periods  of  time,  no  definite  provision  is 
made  for  periodic  salary  increases,  or 
vacations.  Such  conditions  could  not  exist 
were   it   not   for   the   informal   way   in 


Vol.  38,  No.  9 


THE  GENERAL  STAFF  NURSE 


705 


which  the  general  staff  nurse  is  usually 
hired  and  fired.  Hospital  authorities  are 
being  forced  by  present  conditions  to 
recognize  the  necessity  of  revising  their 
policies  regarding  the  employment  of 
graduate  staff.  Staff  nurses  are  entitled 
to  the  security  afforded  by  a  contract 
similar  to  that  used  in  many  business 
organizations,  with  a  schedule  of  salary 
increases  determined  by  length  of  serv- 
ice and  ability. 

Closely  related  to  the  question  of  sa- 
laries is  that  of  living  accommodation. 
It  has  been  customary  to  provide  quar- 
ters for  the  graduate  staff  in  the  nurses' 
residence.  However,  not  all  hospitals  fol- 
low this  plan,  and  even  in  those  that  do, 
the  general  staff  nurses  are  sometimes 
given  a  living  allowance  and  asked  to 
find  rooms  elsewhere  for  a  time  in  or- 
der to  make  provision  for  an  increased 
number  of  students.  Hospital  authorities 
should  not  expect  their  nursing  staff  to 
welcome  such  arbitrary  arrangements, 
especially  if  the  changes  are  to  be  tem- 
porary. 

Generally  speaking,  nurses  feel  that 
the  restrictions  of  residence  hfe  do  not 
permit  as  normal  a  social  life  as  other 
professional  women  enjoy,  and  that  be- 
cause they  work  in  an  institution  they 
need  the  wider  contacts  which  are  sup- 
plied by  living  away  from  the  hospitals. 
Others  find  that  residence  life  has  de- 
finite advantages;  for  example,  travel- 
time  saved,  less  changing  of  uniforms, 
quieter  sleeping  quarters  while  on  night 
duty,  and  many  other  conveniences 
which  are  suited  to  the  nurse's  daily  life. 
In  addition,  they  have  the  companion- 
ship of  their  fellow-workers.  If  possible, 
the  general  staff  nurse  should  be  given 
freedom  of  choice  as  to  living  arrange- 
ments. But  whichever  form  of  accom- 
modation the  hospital  is  able  to  offer, 
its  object  should  be  to  provide  her  with 
comfortable  and  convenient  rooms  which 
will  help  to  make  her  leisure  time  more 


enjoyable. 

The  eight-hour  day  is  not  yet  estab- 
lished in  many  hospitals.  This  is  un- 
doubtedly a  difficult  question  to  discuss 
when  a  threatened  shortage  of  nurses 
faces  us,  yet  there  is  no  sound  reason 
for  expecting  the  graduate  nurse  in 
hospital  to  work  longer  hours  in  the 
name  of  duty  than  those  in  fields  out- 
side the  hospital.  The  general  staff  nurse 
has  been  persuaded  that  the  ideal  of  ser- 
vice to  the  patients,  the  doctors,  and 
the  hospital  is  of  more  importance  than 
her  rights  as  a  human  being  and  a  citi- 
zen of  a  democratic  country.  Perhaps 
this  is  so,  but  are  these  two  factors  in- 
compatible? Is  the  general  staff  nurse 
who  carries  too  heavy  a  nursing  load 
and  works  nine,  ten,  and  eleven  hours 
a  day  giving  the  best  possible  service  of 
which  she  is  capable? 

The  general  staff  nurse  has  no  wish 
to  be  an  opportunist  by  clamouring  for 
improvements  in  her  hours  of  duty  when 
the  problem  of  securing  qualified  hos- 
pital staff  is  so  acute.  She  is  ready  to 
make  any  sacrifice  which  may  be  de- 
manded of  her  in  these  difficult  times. 
But  much  could  be  done  to  minimize  the 
disadvantages  of  long  and  irregular 
hours.  It  is  a  common  complaint  that 
she  has  no  opportunity  to  plan  for  her 
leisure  time  because  her  schedule  of 
working  hours  is  indefinite.  Directors 
and  supervisors  are  obliged  to  plan 
ahead  for  students'  off-duty  time  and 
it  should  not  be  too  much  to  expect 
of  them  to  give  the  same  consideration 
to  graduates.  The  graduate  nurse  knows 
all  too  well  how  unpredictable  the  day's 
work  may  be,  but  she  accepts  last  min- 
ute changes  readily  when  she  feels  that 
her  co-operation  is  important  in  main- 
taining the  efficiency  of  the  hospital 
nursing  service.  Vacation  time  should 
also  be  planned.  Nursing  requires  a  great 
expenditure  of  both  mental  and  physical 
energy,    and    to    off-set    this,    provision 


SEPTEMBER,  1942 


706 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


should  be  made  for  vacation  with  pay. 
The  length  of  holiday  given  could  be 
adjusted  to  correspond  to  the  length  of 
service. 

The  health  service  programme  is  im- 
portant if  the  general  staff  nurse  is  to 
feel  that  her  well-being  is  of  interest  to 
the  hospital.  It  is  therefore  essential  that 
hospitals  consider  not  only  the  provision 
of  care  during  illness,  but  also  the  pre- 
vention of  disease  and  the  maintenance 
of  the  optimum  health  of  their  staff. 
This  should  include  the  periodic  health 
examination  with  education  in  the  main- 
tenance of  good  health,  as  well  as  defi- 
nite agreement  regarding  hospitalization, 
medical  and  nursing  care,  and  compen- 
sation for  a  limited  period  of  time  lost 
through  illness. 

General  staff  nursing  in  hospital  is 
a  branch  of  the  profession  which  could 
have  great  appeal.  The  new  graduate, 
enthusiastic,  ambitious,  but  untried,  finds 


here  an  ideal  field  in  which  to  enlarge 
her  experience.  It  is  in  this  setting  that 
the  newest  discoveries  of  medical  science 
are  given  their  practical  application,  and 
the  nurse  keeps  in  touch  with  develop- 
ments in  her  chosen  field.  If  such  new 
experience  is  supplemented  by  a  vital 
staff  education  programme  the  result  is 
an  increasingly  well-informed  and  ca- 
pable professional  woman. 

It  is  in  the  interest  of  nursing  as  a 
whole  that  well  directed  efforts  of  the 
profession  should  be  used  to  secure  for 
the  general  staff  nurse  satisfactory  liv- 
ing and  working  conditions,  and  the 
status  to  which  she  is  entitled  as  mem- 
ber of  a  recognized  professional  group. 
We  must  also  accord  her  the  prestige 
commensurate  with  the  responsibility  as- 
signed to  her  as  a  member  of  the  nurs- 
ing staff,  and  more  general  appreciation 
of  the  part  that  she  can  play  in  providing 
a  higher  standard  of  nursing  service. 


Health  Insurance  and  Nursing  Service 


Following  my  acceptance  of  the  con- 
venership  of  the  Special  Committee  on 
Health  Insurance  and  Nursing  Service 
for  the  1940-1942  biennium  the  fol- 
lowing committee  was  formed:  Miss 
Jean  Church,  Miss  Edna  Moore,  Miss 
Maude  Hall,  Miss  Frances  Munroe,  and 
Miss  Maria  Roy.  Then,  acting  on  the 
suggestion  contained  in  the  report  of 
the  Convener  for  the  previous  biennium 
that  provincial  committees  be  formed  to 
be  on  the  alert  for  new  developments 
along  the  lines  of  Health  Insurance,  the 
Executives  of  the  Provincial  Nursing 
Associations  were  asked  to  name  repre- 
sentatives who  would  be  asked  to  form  a 
committee.  The  following  were  named: 
Alberta,  Miss  Helen  McArthur;  British 


Columbia,  Miss  Esther  Paulson;  Mani- 
toba, Miss  E.  A.  Russell;  Ontario,  Miss 
Edna  Moore;  New  Brunswick,  Miss 
Maude  Retallick;  Nova  Scotia,  Miss 
Lenta  Hall;  Prince  Edward  Island, 
Miss  Anna  Mair;  Quebec,  Miss  F. 
Munroe  and  Miss  Maria  Roy;  Saskat- 
chewan, Miss  Jean  Whiteford. 

Reports  received  from  these  provin- 
cial representatives  do  not  indicate  that 
there  have  been  any  important  develop- 
ments along  the  lines  of  Health  Insu- 
rance since  the  last  biennium.  However, 
co-operative  plans  have  been  organized 
by  employees  in  industries,  these  to  pro- 
vide for  medical  care  and  hospitaliza- 
tion in  some  cases  and  in  others  for 
medical  care  only.  The  Associated  Med- 


Vol.  38,  No.  9 


HEALTH     INSURANCE     AND     NURSING     SERVICE       707 


ical  Services  of  Ontario  includes  nursing 
service  as  such. 

Alberta  reports  that  in  some  places 
physicians  offer  all  ordinary  medical 
services  on  a  yearly  contract  basis;  Bri- 
tish Columbia,  that  daily  newspapers 
have  outHned  plans  for  health  services 
one  of  which  includes  nursing  in  home 
and  hospital;  Ontario,  that  the  Ontario 
Hospital  Association  has  requested  a 
charter  to  initiate  a  hospitahzation  plan 
but  that  no  medical  or  special  nursing 
service  will  be  provided;  and  Saskat- 
chewan reports  that  the  following  re- 
solution was  passed  by  the  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons  in  that  pro- 
vince : 

Resolved  that  the  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons  of  Saskatchewan  go  on  re- 
cord and  instruct  our  councils  to  so  inform 
the  Government  of  the  Province  that  we 
are  in  favour  of  state  aided  Health  Insu- 
rance on  a  reasonable  fee  for  service-ren- 
dered basis,  provided  that  the  administration 
of  agreement  is  put  in  the  hands  of  a  non- 
political  independent  commission  on  which 
the  medical  profession  is  adequately  repre- 
sented by  its  own  representatives  elected  and 
responsible  to  the  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons  in  Saskatchewan. 

Last  September,  when  your  convener 
heard  that  a  Health  Insurance  Bill  was 
being  prepared  by  the  Department  of 
Pensions  and  National  Health  at  Otta- 
wa, she  called  on  the  Deputy  Minister, 
Dr.  R.  E.  Wodehouse,  who  advised  her 
that  three  different  types  of  Health  In- 
surance Acts,  all  containing  provisions 
for  nursing  service,  were  being  drawn 
up  for  the  Minister  for  presentation  to 
his  colleagues  at  the  opportune  time. 
The  Executive  Secretarj'  of  the  C.N. A. 
was  immediately  notified.  A  couple  of 
months  la^^er  your  convener  was  invited 
to  accompany  members  of  the  C.N. A. 
Executive  who  had  come  to  Ottawa  on 
other  business  and  were  being  received 
by  the  Deputy  Minister  of  Pensions  and 


National  Health  to  discuss  nursing  serv- 
ice under  Health  Insurance.  At  this 
meeting  Dr.  J.  J.  Heagerty,  Director, 
Public  Health  Service,  Department  of 
Pensions  and  National  Health,  outhned 
the  Health  Insurance  Bill  which  he  was 
drawing  up  and  stated  that  it  would 
cover  medical,  dental,  hospital  and 
nursing  service,  drugs,  and  possibly 
public  health,  and  requested  that  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association  submit  to 
the  Government  a  Brief  on  Nursing 
Service  under  Health  Insurance.  Your 
convener  was  later  asked  by  the  Execu- 
tive Secretary  if  the  core  committee 
would  undertake  the  preparation  of  this 
brief;    this  responsibility  was  accepted. 

As  a  result  of  this  request,  a  prehmi- 
nary  meeting  was  held  to  draw  up  an 
outline  covering  the  points  to  be  in- 
cluded in  the  Brief;  this  was  followed 
a  li'"tle  later  by  a  general  meeting  at 
which  all  the  members,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  Miss  Maude  Hall,  were  pre- 
sent. Because  of  the  feeling  of  those 
present  that  not  enough  was  known  re- 
garding the  Health  Insurance  Bill,  Dr. 
Heagerty  was  consulted  and  he  invited 
the  committee  to  meet  with  him  before 
going  on  with  its  deliberations.  At  the 
close  of  the  meeting  which  followed  the 
visit  with  Dr.  Heagerty  it  was  agreed 
that  the  contribution  of  each  member 
should  cover  the  needs  of  her  particular 
field  of  nursing.  A  total  of  four  meet- 
ings were  held  before  the  end  of  the 
year  —  one  general  and  three  local  — 
and  a  good  deal  of  correspondence  ex- 
changed, after  which  suggestions  for 
the  brief  were  drawn  up  and  sent  to 
the  President  and  Executive  Secretary. 
It  was  the  understanding  of  the  com- 
mittee that  these  suggestions  would  be 
used  as  a  basis  for  the  Brief  with  revi- 
sions or  changes  according  to  the  judg- 
ment of  the  Executive  Committee  which 
met  in  Vancouver  on  January  20.  In 
February   your   committee   was   advised 


SEPTEMBER,   1942 


708 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


by  the  Executive  Secretary  that  copies 
of  these  suggestions  for  the  brief  had 
been  sent  to  all  members  of  the  C.N.A. 
Executive  vi'ith  the  request  that  these  be 
returned  with  expressions  of  opinion  be- 
fore March  1 ;  the  only  member  to  com- 
ply M^ith  this  request  was  the  first  vice- 
president,  Miss  Elizabeth  Smellie.  Eight 
more  meetings  were  held  —  Miss  Smel- 
lie honoured  us  by  being  present  at  two 
and  Miss  Marion  Lindeburgh,  second 
vice-president,  at  one,  and  as  a  result  of 
these  meetings  and  considerable  further 
correspondence  the  Brief,  as  attached, 
was  drawn  up. 

During  the  intervals  of  these  meet- 
ings Dr.  Heagerty,  who  had  stated  he 
would  be  glad  to  give  any  further  in- 
formation   required,    was    consulted    a 
couple  of  times.  On  one  of  these  occa- 
sions  he   intimated   there    was   a   possi- 
bility that  the  Unemployment  Insurance 
Branch  of  the  Department  of  Labour 
was  also  drawing  up  a  Health  Insurance 
Bill,   but  when   Miss  Maude   Hall  and 
your    convener    called    on    Mr.    Allan 
Peebles,  head  of  this  Department,  they 
were  informed  that  no  such  action  was 
being   taken   but  that  the   Department, 
of  Pensions  and   National   Health   was 
preparing  a  Bill.   On  another  occasion, 
Dr.  Heagerty  mentioned  that  an  advi- 
sory   committee    on    Health    Insurance 
made  up  of  laymen  who  were  experts 
on  matters  which  would  be  helpful  in 
the  set-up  of  a  Health  Insurance  plan, 
had  been  established  by  Order-in-Coun- 
cil    and    that    the    Director    of    Public 
Health  Service  was  the  official  chairman. 
Dr.    Heagerty    advised    that    he    had 
received  a  visit  from  Mother  Allaire  of 
the  d'Youville  Institute,  Montreal,  and 
Sister  St.   Godfrey,  School  of  Nursing, 
University    of    Ottawa,    regarding    the 
possible  effect  of  Health  Insurance   on 
nurse    training    schools,    and    suggested 
that  one  of  these  ladies  might  be  appoint- 
ed to  the  Special  Committee  on  Health 


Insurance  and  Nursing  Service.  After 
discussing  this  with  the  Executive  Se- 
cretary, the  work  of  the  Special  Com- 
mittee was  explained  to  both  Mother 
Allaire  and  Sister  St.  Godfrey  and  it 
was  suggested  that  the  question  they 
had  under  consideration  would  seem 
to  be  one  with  which  the  hospital  group 
should  deal. 

On  the  advice  of  the  Executive  Se- 
cretary, arrangements  were  made  with 
Dr.  Heagerty,  chairman  of  the  advisory 
committee    on    Health    Insurance    and 
Nursing  Service,  to  receive  a  delegation 
for  the  presentation  of  the  Brief;   these 
arrangements  included  sending  him  an 
advance  copy  for  his  own  perusal  and 
twelve    other    copies    for    the    members 
of  his  Advisory  Committee.  Then,  on 
June    16    at   the   appointed    time.    Miss 
Smellie,  Miss  Lindeburgh,  Miss  Church, 
Miss  Hall  and  your  convener  were  re- 
ceived  by   Dr.    Heagerty   and   his   Ad- 
visory    Committee.     Miss     Lindeburgh 
made   the   presentation    and     read    the 
Brief  through  completely;  then,  at  Dr. 
Heagerty's  request,  she  read  it  paragraph 
by  paragraph  so  that  it  might  be  ana- 
lyzed and   discussed.   All  those   present 
showed  keen  interest  and  some  changes 
and  additions  were  suggested;  then  Dr. 
Heagerty  asked  that  the  notes  taken  by 
the   stenographer   who   accompanied   us 
be  studied  and  a  supplement  to  the  Brief 
submitted   at   a  later   date.   In   closing. 
Dr.  Heagerty  stated  that,  according  to 
a  Gallup  Poll  and  to  the  returns  made 
on  questionnaires  which  had  been  sent 
to  different  organizations,  there  was  a 
strong   feeling  throughout   the   country 
in  favour  of  Health  Insurance. 

As  an  outcome  of  its  deliberations  on 
the  question  of  nursing  service  under 
Health  Insurance  your  committee  feels 
very  strongly  there  is  urgent  need  for 
the  Canadian  Nurses  Association  to  take 
immediate  action  to  consider  the  stand- 
ards of  qualifications  for  subsidiary  nurs- 


Vol.  38,  No.  9 


HEALTH     INSURANCE     AND     NURSING     SERVICE       709 


ing  groups,  and  ways  and  means  for 
their  preparation,  licensing  and  control. 
(See  Addendum  attached  to  Brief). 

In  closing,  may  I  suggest  it  seems  ur- 
gent that  a  Special  Committee  on  Health 
Insurance  and  Nursing  Service  continue 
to  function  during  the  next  biennium 
and  that  active  sub-committees  be  form- 
ed in  each  province.  In  addition  I  would 
like  to  thank  the  members  of  the  com- 
mittee on  Health  Insurance  and  Nurs- 
ing Service  for  their  splendid  help  and 
co-operation,  as  well  as  Miss  Eliza- 
beth Smellie,  Miss  Marion  Lindeburgh 
and  Miss  Jean  Wilson  who  have  been 
most  encouraging  at  all  times. 

Alice  Ahern 

Convener^  Sfecial  Committee 
on  Health  Insurance  and  Nurs- 
ing Service 


In  the  report  submitted  by  Miss  Alice 
Ahern,  convener  of  the  Special  Com- 
mittee on  Health  Insurance  and  Nurs- 
ing Service,  reference  is  made  to  the 
Brief  submitted  to  the  Director  of  Pub- 
lic Health  Services  on  behalf  of  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association.  The  text 
of  this  Brief  follows: 

Health  htsurance  Councils: 

1.  It  is  recommended  that  all  administrative 
boards,  engaging  or  directing  nurses  under 
the  Heahh  nsurance  Act,  be  organized  in 
such  a  way  as  to  insure  that  the  standard 
of  nursing  service  and  the  policies  govern- 
ing conditions  of  employment  and  service  of 
nurses  be  approved  annually  by  the  Cana- 
dian Nurses  Association. 

2.  It  is  recommended  that  all  nurses  work- 
ing under  the  Health  Insurance  plan  be  re- 
gistered in  the  province  in  which  they  work 
and  be  members  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  As- 
sociation (important  because  of  provinces 
where  membership  in  Association  is  volun- 
tary). 

3.  It  is  recommended  that  the  nurse  re- 
presentatives   on   the   Dominion    Council   be 


named  by  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association; 
that  the  nurse  representatives  on  the  Provin- 
cial Councils  be  named  by  the  Provincial 
Associations  of  Registered  Nurses,  and  that 
in  the  Province  of  Quebec  both  language 
groups  should  be  represented.  It  is  further 
recommended  that,  to  effectually  coordinate 
the  work,  nurse  representatives  on  these 
councils  and  on  regional  advisory  committees 
should  be  representatives  of  the  different 
fields  of  nursing;  and  that  the  nurse-direc- 
tors (federal,  provincial  and  regional)  shall 
attend  meetings  of  the  councils  or  commit- 
tees when  any  matter  pertaining  to  the  nurs- 
ing service  is  dicussed. 

Nurse-Directors : 

1.  It  is  recommended  that,  as  supervision 
of  all  nursing  service  is  essential  to  insure 
complete  and  first  quality  service,  nurses  ap- 
pointed to  positions  in  charge  of  all  offices, 
and  their  assistants,  be  carefully  selected  as 
to  their  qualifications,  experience,  personality 
and  ability  to  direct  nurses  and  nursing  serv- 
ice, and  to  plan  and  carry  on  professional 
education. 

2.  It  is  recommended  that  a  highly  qual- 
ified registered  nurse,  according  to  standards 
to  be  set  by  the  Canadian  Nurses  Associa- 
tion, be  appointed  as  Federal  Director  of 
nursing  service  under  the  Health  Insurance 
Act  and  that  a  representative  of  the  Cana- 
dian Nurses  Association  be  permitted  to 
sit  in  at  the  meeting  of  the  body  making  ap- 
pointments, to  insure  that  the  appointee  meets 
required  standards  of  qualifications. 

3.  It  is  recommended  that  a  highly  qual- 
ified Registered  Nurse,  according  to  the 
standards  to  be  set  by  the  Provincial  Regis- 
tered Nurses  Association  and  approved  by 
the  Canadian  Nurses  Association,  be  ap- 
pointed in  each  Province  as  Provincial  Di- 
rector; that  in  the  Province  of  Quebec,  the 
Provincial  Nurse-Director  be  a  French  bilin- 
gual nurse,  and  further,  that  a  representa- 
tive of  the  Provincial  Nurses  Association 
be  permitted  to  sit  in  at  the  meeting  of  the 
body  making  appointments  to  insure  that 
appointees  meet  required  standards  of  qual- 
ifications. 

4.  It  is  recommended  that  one  of  the  duties 
of  the  Provincial  Nurse-Director  be  to  see 


SEPTEMBER.  1942 


710 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


that  properly  qualified  local  registered  nurse- 
directors  be  appointed  to  each  Health  Insu- 
rance regional  set-up.  It  is  further  recom- 
mended that,  in  places  where  the  population 
is  predominantly  French-speaking,  the  local 
nurse-director  be  a  bilingual  French  nurse 
with  the  qualifications  as  outlined  above,  and 
the  remaining  administrative  nursing  per- 
sonnel, as  well  as  the  nursing  staff,  be 
French-speaking,  English-speaking  or  bilin- 
gual,  according  to  the  population. 

5.  It  is  recommended  that  the  local  nurse- 
director,  after  consultation  with  the  provin- 
cial nurse-  director,  select  the  local  nursing 
staff,  be  responsible  for  the  nursing  adminis- 
tration of  the  regional  office,  supervision  of 
nursing  service,  and  co-operation  with  other 
agencies. 

Set-up  of  Regional  Office : 

1.  It  is  recommended  that  a  nursing  serv- 
ice be  set  up  in  the  regional  office  with 
adequate  professional  and  clerical  staff  to 
provide  twenty-four  hour  service. 

2.  It  is  recommended  that  in  meeting  the 
nursing  needs  of  the  community  (i.e.  public 
health  nursing,  including  visiting  nursing 
and  private  duty  nursing  in  home  and  hospi- 
tal) existing  nursing  agencies  and  other 
nursing  resources  be  utilized. 

3.  It  is  recommended  that  a  comprehensive 
system  of  personnel  records  for  all  regis- 
trants be  maintained  in  the  regional  office, 
in  order  that  the  nurse-director  of  the  re- 
gional office  may  have  complete  knowledge 
of  their  qualifications  including  special  train- 
ing, general  ability,  experience,  personality, 
etc ;  this  is  to  insure  that,  where  service 
is  provided  from  the  regional  office,  only 
those  most  suitable  will  be  assigned  to  cases 
where  any  particular  requirements  must  be 
filled. 

4.  It  is  recommended  that  uniform  nurs- 
ing records  be  used  which  will  provide  all 
the  statistical  data  required  by  the  Federal 
and  Provincial  Health  Insurance  Adminis- 
trative Boards  and  that  these  records  be  as 
simple  as  possible. 

5.  It  is  recommended  that  adequate  su- 
pervision be  provided  for  all  nursing  services. 

6.  It  is  recommended  that  all  problems  or 
complaints  regarding  registered  nurses,  sub- 


mitted by  doctors,  hospitals,  nurses  or  pa- 
tient.s  be  made  in  writing  to  the  local  nurse- 
director  of  the  regional  office,  these  to  be 
dealt  with  by  her  or  in  conjuiction  with  the 
nurse  representatives  on  the  advisory  com- 
mittee and  when  necessary  referred  to  the 
provincial   nurse-director. 

Salaries  and  Hotirs  of  Duty : 

1.  It  is  recommended  that  all  registered 
nurses  directly  employed  under  Health  In- 
surance be  on  a  salary  basis  and  that  this 
be  graded  according  to  qualifications,  ex- 
perience, aptitude  and  nature  of  duties 
and  responsibilities  and  that  when  the  Health 
Insurance  Bill  has  passed  and  is  being  im- 
plemented the  Canadian  Nurses  Association 
have  the  privilege  of  recommending  a  scale 
of  salaries  based  on  the  salaries  then  being 
paid  in  each  Province,  and  that  there  be  pro- 
vision for  statutory  increases  and  for  study 
and  revision  of  the  salary  scale  at  least  every 
five  years. 

2.  It  is  recommended  that  superannuation 
and  pension  be  provided  for  all  nurses  em- 
ployed on  a  salary  basis  under  the  Health 
Insurance  Act.  It  is  further  recommended 
that,  where  service  is  purchased  from  ex- 
isting organizations,  arrangements  be  made 
whereby  their  nurses  may  participate  in 
superannuation  and  pension. 

3.  It  is  recommended  that  the  hours  of 
duty  be  not  more  than  an  average  of  eight 
per  day  and  forty- four  per  week;  that  there 
be  provision  for  three  weeks  vacation  and 
for  statutory  sick-leave ;  that  the  arrange- 
ment for  the  24-hour  service  and  the  seven- 
day  week  be  a  question  of  administration ; 
that  in  places  where  nurses  work  alone  under 
remote  direction  from  a  regional  office,  the 
regional  nurse-  director  be  responsible  for 
seeing  that  relief  is  available  locally  to  pro- 
vide   for   off-duty   time. 

Rural  Areas: 

1.  It  is  recommended  that,  in  rural  areas 
where  there  are  County  Health  Units  or 
municipal  health  organizations  with  public 
health  nursing  services,  these  might  become 
the  foundations  of  regional  offices  and  be 
adapted  to  the  standards  and  needs  accord- 
ing  to   the    Health    Insurance   Act   and   the 


Vol.  38,  No.  9 


ENROLMENT     OF      NURSES 


711 


•qualifications  as  laid  down  in  the  preceding 
paragraphs  of  this  brief :  it  is  further  rec- 
ommended that  in  areas  distant  from  any 
regional  office  and  where  no  nursing  or- 
ganization is  in  existence,  nursing  service 
under  the  Health  Insurance  Act  be  estab- 
lished. 

Relationship  zvith  Other  Agencies: 

1.  It  is  recommended  that  the  present  ex- 
isting co-ordination  and  cooperation  between 
nursing  and  other  agencies  —  social,  wel- 
fare, health,  etc.,  should  be  strengthened  and 
increased. 

It  is  recommended  that  when  the 
Governments,  Federal  and  Provincial, 
start  organizing  the  Health  Insurance 
•set-up,  nurses  who  have  had  broad  ex- 


perience in  the  organization  and  ad- 
ministration of  nursing  services  be  called 
in  to  implement  all  these  recommenda- 
tions; the  choice  of  these  nurses  to  be 
approved  by  the  Canadian  Nurses  Asso- 
ciation and  the  Provincial  Nurses  Asso- 
ciations. 

In  setting  up  the  proposals  for  nurs- 
ing under  a  Health  Insurance  scheme, 
the  Special  Committee  on  Health  In- 
surance and  Nursing  Service  feels  there 
is  an  urgent  need  for  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association  to  take  immediate  ac- 
tion to  consider  the  standards  of  qualifi- 
cations for  subsidiary  groups,  and  ways 
and  means  for  their  preparation,  licens- 
ing: and  control. 


REPORT    OF    THE    NATIONAL      JOINT   COMMITTEE   ON   THE 
ENROLMENT   OF    NURSES    FOR  WAR  AND  EMERGENCY  SERVICE 


The  members  of  the  Committee  for 
the  biennial  period  July  1940  to  July 
1942  were  Miss  Florence  Emory 
(Chairman),  Miss  Marion  Lindeburgh, 
Miss  Isabel  McEwen,  all  of  whom  were 
appointed  by  the  Canadian  Nurses  Asso- 
ciation; Mrs.  H.  P.  Plumptre,  Dr.  J. 
T.  Phair,  and  Miss  Jean  Browne  (Se- 
cretary), all  three  representing  the 
Canadian  Red  Cross  Society.  At  the 
first  meeting  of  the  present  Committee 
held  in  October  1940,  policies  were  dis- 
cussed and  the  following  resolution 
adopted:  "that  the  Committee  deal  with 
any  matter  during  the  war  period  and 
subsequently,  of  mutual  concern  to  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association  and  the 
Canadian  Red  Cross  Society". 

The  chief  objectives  of  the  Commit- 
tee during  the  past  year  were  the 
strengthening  of  Provincial  Joint  En- 
rolment Committees  and  trying  to  pro- 


mote greater  contact  between  these 
Committees  and  the  district  medical  of- 
ficers, so  that  when  nurses  were  being 
selected  for  military  service,  they  should 
be  chosen  from  the  enrolled  lists.  Fol- 
lowing a  meeting  of  the  National  Joint 
Enrolment  Committee  held  in  Februa- 
ry 1941,  the  chairman  and  secretary 
had  a  conference  with  Miss  Smellie, 
Matron-in-Chief,  R.C.A.M.C.  At  this 
conference  the  Matron-in-Chief  stated 
that  in  current  practice  nurses  are  chosen 
for  military  service  from  the  following 
sources:  (1)  the  reserve  lists;  (2)  the 
permanent  force;  (3)  the  national  en- 
rolment lists;  (4)  choices  made  by  the 
district  commanding  officer;  (5)  per- 
sonal application. 

With  a  view  to  making  more  effec- 
tive  the  use  of  lists  compiled  by  the 
National  Joint  Enrolment  Committee, 
the  following  suggestions  were  made : 


SEPTEMBER,  1942 


712 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


That  a  list  of  secretaries  and  personnel  of 
the  Provincial  Joint  Enrolment  Committees 
should  be  sent  to  the  Matron-in-Chief,  R.C.- 
A.M.C. 

That  the  Matron-in-Chief  should  notify 
Provincial  Joint  Enrolment  Committees  of 
changes  in  command  of  military  districts  in 
the  various  provinces. 

That  the  Committee  should  communicate 
with  Group  Captain  Ryan,  R.C.A.F.  with  the 
request  that  he  make  the  lists  available  to  his 
P.M.O.'s  so  that  when  nurses  are  chosen  for 
the  R.C.A.F.,  they  may  be  chosen  from  these 
lists. 

That  in  future  there  should  be  considered 
to  be  three  categories  instead  of  the  five,  as 
outlined    by    the    Matron-in-Chief,    that    is, 

( 1 )  appointments    from    the    reserve    lists ; 

(2)  appointments   to  the  permanent   force; 

(3)  appointments  by  the  D.M.O.  of  appli- 
cants whose  names  appear  on  the  enrolled 
list. 

The  Manitoba  Committee  reports 
that  when  Colonel  P.  S.  BeU,  O.C- 
M.D.  10,  was  selecting  nurses  for  the 
army  in  South  Africa,  every  nurse  was 
chosen  from  the  Joint  Enrolment  list. 
This  represents  a  very  marked  advance 
and  is  due  to  the  activity  of  a  re-or- 
ganized provincial  Joint  Enrolment 
Committee.  The  situation  in  Nova  Sco- 
tia is  not  so  encouraging.  The  secretary 
writes:  "Last  spring,  representatives 
from  our  Committee  interviewed  the 
military  and  air  force  authorities  with 
regard  to  the  use  of  our  list  when  calling 
nursds  for  service,  but  the  Commanding 
Officer  of  each  service  stated  that  he 
preferred  choosing  the  nurses  from  ap- 
plications they  had  on  hand,  rather  than 
making  use  of  the  enrolled  list." 

In  1940  when  the  Medical  Depart- 
ment of  the  R.C.A.F.  was  organized, 
our  list  was  sent  to  Group  Captain 
Ryan,  and,  so  far  as  we  know,  the 
nurses  for  his  Department  are  selected 
from  this  list. 

Late  in  1941,  it  was  announced  there 
was  to  be  a  separate  mobihzation  of  nurs- 


ing service  for  the  Navy.  A  letter  was 
written  to  the  Naval  Secretary,  offering 
to  supply  him  with  the  enrolled  list  of 
Canadian  nurses.  The  offer  was  ac- 
cepted, and  he  sent  the  names  of  eight- 
een nurses  who  had  already  received  ap- 
pointments, to  the  secretary  of  the  Com- 
mittee, in  order  to  ascertain  whether  or 
not  they  were  enrolled. 

In  the  summer  of  1941,  the  Cana- 
dian Red  Cross  Society  asked  the  Cana- 
dian Nurses  Association  to  appoint  a  se- 
lection committee  to  recommend  the 
names  of  twenty-two  nurses  for  the 
Scottish  Orthopaedic  Unit.  The  Cana- 
dian Nurses  Association  appointed  as 
their  selections  committee  the  nurses  on 
the  National  Joint  Enrolment  Commit- 
tee. The  selections  committee  first  drew 
up  an  enrolment  form  and  word  of  this 
new  project  was  sent  out  to  the  various 
provinces.  In  spite  of  the  rate  of  re- 
muneration (about  half  of  the  rate  paid 
in  Canada),  sufficient  applications  came 
in  from  the  various  provinces,  and  the 
selections  committee  felt  that  they  were 
able  to  present  to  the  Unit  a  very  fine 
group  of  young  professional  women. 
The  nurse-in-charge,  Miss  Alice  B. 
Hunter,  is  particularly  outstanding  both 
professionally  and  personally. 

Since  the  outbreak  of  war,  884  nurses 
have  been  called  up  for  military  service, 
440  serving  in  Canada  and  444  serving 
overseas.  The  total  number  enrolled  on 
December  30,  1941,  was  3,183. 

At  the  last  meeting  of  the  Commit- 
tee, held  on  April  11  1942,  it  was  de- 
cided to  revise  the  regulations  and  to 
use  copies  of  the  revised  edition  for  as 
wide  publicity  as  possible  with  medical 
military  authorities,  both  national  and 
provincial. 

Jean  E.  Browne 

Secretary 

National  Joint  Committee 

Enrolment  of  Nurses  for  War  and 

Emergency  Service. 


Vol.  38.  No.  9 


REPORT  OF  THE  NATIONAL  VOLUNTARY  WAR  SERVICES 
ADVISORY  COMMITTEE 


This  Committee  is  the  outgrowth  of 
a  committee  appointed  at  the  biennial 
meeting  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Asso- 
ciation in  1940.  At  that  time  the  fol- 
lowing  resolution   was  passed: 

Whereas  difficulties  have  arisen  as  a  re- 
sult of  some  of  the  voluntary  work  being 
done  by  the  members  of  the  C.N.A.  for  the 
various  wartime  organizations,  be  it  resolved 
that  a  small  committee  be  formed  to  which 
(a)  such  matters  be  referred  with  a  view 
to  uniformity  of  action;  (b)  to  report  to  the 
Executive  Committee  any  matters  coming  to 
the  attention  of  the  committee  which  might 
facilitate  the  war  effort  of  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association. 

Miss  Eileen  Flanagan  was  appointed 
convener  of  the  committee,  which  was 
called  the  committee  on  War  Work  and 
Effort.  During  the  first  year,  questions 
brought  to  the  attention  of  the  commit- 
tee were  ( 1 )  co-operation  with  the  Red 
Cross  regarding  V.A.D.  training;  (2) 
co-operation  with  the  Red  Cross  and  St. 
John  Ambulance  in  teaching  home  nurs- 
ing; (3)  the  training  of  Voluntary 
Nursing  Aides.  In  June  1941,  Miss 
Flanagan  in  reporting  to  the  Executive 
Committee  asked  for  a  clarification  of 
the  functions  of  the  committee  and, 
due  to  her  appointment  as  C.N.A.  ad- 
viser to  the  National  Committee  of  the 
Canadian  Red  Cross  Corps,  resigned  as 
convener.  Miss  Jean  Church  was  then 
appointed  convener  with  the  following 
clarification  of  duties  of  the  committee: 

The  Executive  was  in  agreement  that  this 
committee  is  to  work  in  conjunction  with 
the  various  national  voluntary  organizations 
in  order  that  the  voluntary  war  efforts  of 
the  Canadian  Nurses  Association  and  those 
national    voluntary   organizations    would   be 


most  effectively  co-ordinated  and  carried 
out.  Such  national  voluntary  organizations 
would  include  the  Canadian  Red  Cross  So- 
ciety; the  St.  John  Ambulance  Association; 
the  I.O.D.E.  and  any  others  recognized  by 
the  Federal  War  Services  Department. 

Unfortunately  Miss  Church  was  un- 
able   to    continue    as    convener    of    the 
committee    and    resigned   in   November 
1941.  The  present  convener  was  then 
appointed.    Since   that  time,   at   the   re- 
quest of  the  Executive  of  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association,  a  meeting  was  held 
on  March  23  of  this  committee  with  re- 
presentatives   from    the    Canadian    Red 
Cross    Society,    the    Canadian    Hospital 
Council   and   the   St.   John   Ambulance 
Association.  The  purpose  of  this  meeting 
was  to  consider  ( 1 )  hospital  training  for 
voluntary  nursing  aides  in  view  of  the 
apparent  need  for  a  shorter  period  than 
that   approved   in    July,    1941;    (2)    a 
uniform  terminology  for  volunteer  nurs- 
ing aides.  As  a  result  of  this  joint  meet- 
ing it  was  agreed  that: 
The  proposal  for  a  shorter  term  of  hospital 
experience    for   members    of   the    nursing 
auxiliary  section  of  the  Red  Cross  Corps 
and  the  Nursing  Division  of  the  St.  John 
Ambulance  Brigade  was  accepted — eighty 
hours   being   the   minimum.    The   syllabus 
committee,  who  had  drawn  up  the  original 
syllabus  for  the  training  of  V.A.D. 's,  was 
asked   to  adjust  the   syllabus   to   suit  the 
shorter  hospital  term. 
V.A.D.'s    are   to   be   classified   as    follows : 
Class  A — those  who  have  had  240  hours  or 
more    hospital    training.    Class    B — those 
who   have   had   80   hours   but   under   240 
hours.   Class   C — those  who  have  had  no 
hospital  training. 
It  was  also  agreed  that  where  possible  the 
V.A.D.   who  completes  the  shorter   term 
of  experience  return  to  the  hospital  later 


SEPTEMBER,   1942 


713 


714 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


for  further  experience  as  in  the  American 
Red  Cross  plan. 
It  was  agreed  that  the  basic  preparation  of 
those  who  enrol  for  the  shorter  course  be 
the  same  as  that  already  adopted  for  the 
longer  course,  namely  first  aid  and  home 
nursing. 
It  was  agreed  that  the  arrangement  of   re- 
fresher  courses    for   graduate   nurses   and 
enrollment  of  them  should  be  left  to  the 
Canadian   Nurses    Association. 
Your  Committee  feels  that  by  having 
this  meeting  with  other  national  volun- 
tary    war     organizations     considerable 
headway  was  made  towards  facilitating 
co-operation  and  understanding  between 


them  and  us.  In  view  of  the  fact  that 
the  use  of  volunteers  is  now  only  in 
the  process  of  development  this  commit- 
tee recommends  that  organizations  en- 
rolling lay  {persons  for  voluntary  work 
be  informed  of  the  need  for  such  assist- 
ance on  Saturdays  and  Sundays  as  well 
as  other  days,  and  also  of  the  necessity 
for  volunteers  coming  regularly  and  on 
time. 

F.    MUNROE 

Convener 

National   Voluntary   War  Services 
Adznsory  Committee 


REPORT  OF  THE  COMMITTEE    ON  SYLLABUS  FOR  TRAINING 
VOLUNTARY   AID   DETACHMENTS 


The  Committee  on  Syllabus  for  Training 
Voluntary  Aid  Detachments  was  appointed 
at  a  meeting  of  the  Executive  of  the  Cana- 
dian Nurses  Association  in  June  1941,  fol- 
lowing a  special  meeting  of  representatives 
of  the  Canadian  Hospital  Council  and  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association  to  consider  the 
question  of  civilian  hospitals  undertaking  the 
training  of  voluntary  workers  in  preparation 
for  emergency.  The  function  of  the  Commit- 
tee was  to  revise,  especially  from  the  stand- 
point of  legal  responsibility  of  the  Hospital, 
a  syllabus  previously  prepared  by  a  sub-com- 
mittee of  a  Joint  Committee  of  the  Cana- 
dian Red  Cross  Society  and  the  St.  John 
Ambulance  Association  with  representation 
from  the  Canadian  Hospital  Council  and  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association.  This  sub- 
committee had  been  convened  by  Miss  Smel- 
lie  and  the  syllabus  prepared  was  intended 
for  use  in  military  hospitals. 

A  meeting  of  the  Syllabus  Committee  was 
held  in  Montreal  on  June  23,  1941.  Changes 
made  in  the  original  syllabus  were  those 
considered  necessary  to  adapt  it  for  use  in 
civilian  hospitals  and  to  give   protection  to 


both  patients  and  hospitals.  At  a  meeting  in 
Vancouver  on  July  1,  1941,  the  Executive 
Committee  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Associa- 
tion accepted  the  report  of  the  Committee 
but    made    several    additions    thereto. 

It  soon  became  apparent  that  voluntary 
workers  prepared  to  spend  the  required  time 
(two  months  of  not  less  than  four  hours 
daily)  for  experience  in  hospitals  were  very 
limited  in  number.  A  joint  meeting  of  re- 
presentatives of  the  St.  John  Ambulance  As- 
sociation, Canadian  Red  Cross  Society, 
Canadian  Hospital  Council,  and  the  C.N.A. 
National  Voluntary  War  Services  Advisory 
Committee  was  held  in  Montreal  on  March 
23,  1942.  At  this  meeting  the  advisability  of 
accepting  voluntary  workers  for  a  shorter 
period  (80  hours  or  over)  of  hospital  train- 
ing was  considered  and  approved.  The  Syl- 
labus Committee  was  requested  to  prepare 
a  new  syllabus  for  this  shorter  period  of 
experience  and  the  members  present  agreed, 
on  behalf  of  the  organization  which  each 
represented,  to  accept  in  advance  the  work 
of  the  committeee. 

A   second  meeting  of  the   Syllabus   Com- 


Vol.  38,  No.  9 


WARD     AIDES     AND     HELPERS 


715 


mittee  was  held  in  Montreal  on  April  18, 
1942.  Members  present  were  Miss  M.  Batson 
and  Miss  Frances  Upton.  Present  by  invi- 
tation were  Miss  Mabel  Holt,  Miss  Maisie 
Miller,  Miss  Xorena  Mackenzie,  Miss  Eileen 
Flanagan  and  Miss  Fanny  Munroe.  Miss 
Munroe  acted  as  chairman  in  the  absence  of 
the  convener.  An  outline  was  prepared  which 
was  considered  adequate  for  a  short  period 
of  hospital  experience  for  members  of  the 
Nursing  Auxiliary  Section  of  the  Red  Cross 
Corps  and  the  Nursing  Division  of  the  St. 
John    Ambulance   Association.    Copies    were 


forwarded  to  the  organizations  concerneu 
through  the  National  Office  of  the  C.N.A. 
A  copy  of  each  syllabus  as  prepareu, 
amended  and  approved  is  herewith  attached. 
I  wish  to  express  sincere  thanks  to  mem- 
bers of  this  committee  for  their  help  and 
co-operation  always  so  cheerfully  given  in 
spite  of  many  other  demands  on  time  and 
effort. 

M.  Blanche  Anderson 

Conz'ener 

Committee  on  Syllabus  for  Traininy 

Voluntary  Aid  Detachments 


Ward  Aides  and  Helpers 


Evelyn  Mallory 


Last  autumn  a  conference  was  called 
because  of  the  shortage  of  specially  qual- 
ified nursing  personnel,  —  instructors, 
supervisors,  administrators  —  and  dis- 
cussion was  directed  toward  making  the 
best  possible  use  of  available  resources. 
Now,  nearly  a  year  later,  the  situation 
is  much  more  acute  and  there  is  a  de- 
finite and  widespread  shortage  of  nurses 
for  bedside  care.  More  than  ever,  there- 
fore, is  it  necessary  that  we  utilize  to 
the  utmost  our  available  nursing  re- 
sources. Miss  Munroe  expressed  the  si- 
tuation most  concisely  when  she  stated 
that  the  means  by  which  hospitals  would 
have  to  solve  their  problems  are:  "In- 
crease student  enrolment;  eliminate  non- 
nursing  duties;  educate  doctors  to  mo- 
dify their  demands  for  non-essentials; 
simplify  nursing  procedures;  educate  pa- 
tients to  reduce  their  demands  for  non- 
essential nursing  care." 

The  elimination  of  non-nursing  duties 
from  the  work  of  the  nurse  means  that 
they  must  be  assigned  to  other  person- 
nel, namely  to  V.A.D.'s  or  to  subsidiary 


workers.  Some  confusion  does  exist  in 
regard  to  the  distinction  between  V.A. 
D.'s  and  subsidiary  workers  and  it  would 
be  wise  to  clarify  the  meaning  of  the 
term  "subsidiary  worker".  This  term 
is  used  to  include  all  persons,  other  than 
fully  qualified  graduate  nurses,  who  are 
employed  in  the  care  of  the  sick.  Quite 
a  variety  of  names  are  applied  to  these 
workers,  such  as  ward  helpers,  orderlies, 
ward  maids,  attendants,  ward  aides 
nursing  aides,  etc.  A  similar  worker  in 
the  community  is  know  as  the  "prac- 
tical nurse"  or,  in  some  areas,  (very 
incorrectly)  as  the  "undergraduate 
nurse". 

In  hospitals,  subsidiary  workers  are 
assigned  to  the  nursing  department  to 
perform  certain  routine  duties.  These 
duties  are  usually  largely  of  a  house- 
keeping nature  but  may  (depending  on 
the  particular  hospital)  include  some 
minor  routine  procedures  concerned 
with  the  personal  care  of  patients.  Such 
workers  are  under  the  direct  supervi- 
sion of  the  nursing  staff  in  contradistinc- 


SEPTEMBER,   1942 


716 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


tion  to  cleaning  and  kitchen  maids  who 
are  supervised  by  the  housekeeping 
staff. 

What  is  the  need  for  these  workers? 
In  view  of  our  present  shortage  there 
is  no  question  of  the  need.  The  war  has, 
in  this  instance,  as  in  others,  served 
to  hasten  a  development  long  overdue. 
Are  they  difficult  to  obtain?  In  certain 
areas,  yes  —  in  others  apparently  not  — 
or  no  effort  has  as  yet  been  made  to 
obtain  them.  In  51  questionnaires  re- 
turned from  hospitals  in  British  Colum- 
bia with  a  bed  capacity  ranging  from  9 
to  over  1000  beds,  only  eight  hospitals 
reported  difficulty  in  obtaining  ward 
helpers.  Most  of  these,  though  not  all, 
were  in  urban  communities  where  war 
industries  were  competing  for  the  serv- 
ices of  girls  and  women.  Twenty-one 
hospitals  reported  having  no  ward  help- 
ers at  all,  yet  eleven  of  these  reported 
difficulty  in  obtaining  general  staff 
nurses.  What  kind  of  person  is  most  suit- 
able for  this  work  and  how  should  she 
be  trained?  Several  directors  have  sug- 
gested that  older  women  are  more  sa- 
tisfactory as  being  more  stable  and  bet- 
ter able  to  carry  responsibility.  Possibly 
this  depends  to  some  extent  on  the  type 
of  hospital. 

Objection  has  been  raised  in  some 
quarters  to  the  introduction  of  another 
class  of  subsidiary  worker  into  the  hos- 
pital and  the  statement  has  been  made 
that  they  should  all  be  called  "maids". 
Much  depends  on  the  type  of  person 
available  for  the  work.  If  ward  helpers 
are  to  come  in  contact  with  patients  you 
may  want  a  different  class  of  person 
to  those  found  on  the  housekeeping  staff. 
If  you  wish  to  attact  a  better  class  there 
must  be  some  inducement  in  the  way  of 
better  salary,  or  status  or  both.  Much 
of  course  depends  on  the  duties  they 
are  to  perform. 

The  suggestion  has  been  made  that 
young   girls   interested  in   nursing,   but 


not  old  enough  to  enter  a  school  of 
nursing,  might  be  employed  in  some 
such  capacity  until  ready  to  begin  a  nurs- 
ing course.  They  would  thus  maintain 
their  interest  and  have  an  opportunity 
to  really  learn  what  nursing  involves  be- 
fore entering  a  school  of  nursing  and,  at 
the  same  time,  supervisors  would  be 
able  to  judge  their  suitability  for  nurs- 
ing. It  is  a  thought  worth  considering 
as  one  means  of  bridging  the  gap  be- 
tween the  school-leaving  age  and  that 
of  entering  nursing  school. 

Regardless  of  age  or  other  qualifi- 
cations, these  workers  should  all  re- 
ceive the  same  protection  regarding  their 
own  health  as  do  student  nurses.  Fur- 
thermore, they  should  be  made  to  feel 
the  importance  of  their  contribution  to 
the  work  of  the  hospital.  A  little  ge- 
nuine interest  in  them  as  individuals  and 
as  a  group  is  very  important  in  main- 
taining their  loyalty  and  support.  It 
would  seem  that  within  certain  limits 
each  institution  would  have  to  make 
it^s  own  decision  as  to  what  duties  could 
be  assigned  to  this  class  of  worker,  but 
these  limits  should  be  definitely  set  by 
the  nursing  profession. 

In  general,  subsidiary  workers  should 
receive  in  the  hospital  by  which  they  are 
employed  such  instruction  as  is  neces- 
sary for  the  satisfactory  performance  of 
the  duties  assigned,  and  such  supervision 
as  will  insure  their  efficient  and  safe 
performance.  The  aim  should  be  to  se- 
lect and  train  a  permanent  staff  of 
workers  who  will  become  more  effi- 
cient with  practice,  rather  than  the  giv- 
ing of  organized  short  courses  to  new 
groups  at  stated  intervals.  If  the  latter 
procedure  were  to  be  followed,  the  fre- 
quent turnover  of  personnel  with  the 
influx  of  new  material  to  be  trained 
would  be  very  disrupting  from  the  stand- 
point of  service.  Furthermore,  to  train 
groups  of  such  workers  and  then  release 
them    to    find    their    own    employment 


Vol.  38.  N».  9 


EXCHANGE    OF    NURSES 


717 


would  undoubtedly  increase  the  number 
of  'practical  nurses'  in  the  community. 
However,  there  is  the  problem  of  help 
for  the  small  hospital  where  the  assist- 
ance of  the  subsidiary  worker  is  often 
badly  needed.  At  least  one  small  hos- 
pital has  suggested  that  the  larger  cen- 
tres should  train  workers  for  the  small- 
er. 

The  ultimate  objective  of  the  nurs- 
ing profession  is  to  make  provision  for 
safe  and  expert  nursing  care  for  all  who 
need  it,  either  in  hospitals  or  in  their 
own  homes.  The  economic  factor  is 
unfortunately  a  very  powerful  one,  and 
under  our  present  social  system  nursing 
service  is  often  a  luxury  which  the  in- 
dividual in  the  home  cannot  afford. 
Therefore,  the  "practical"  nurse  is  found 
in  the   community  —  how   extensively 


we  do  not  know,  how  safe  the  type  of 
care  she  gives  again  we  do  not  know. 

Is  there  a  need  for  such  a  worker  in 
the  community.?  If  so,  have  we  a  res- 
ponsibility to  help  in  her  preparation 
and  in  the  supervision  of  her  work? 
How  could  such  supervision  best  be 
accomplished?  Should  we  not  be  work- 
ing toward  the  licensing  of  all  who 
nurse  for  hire?  I  think  the  fact  of  a 
growing  tendency  to  include  such  work- 
ers on  Registries  and  Nursing  Service 
Bureaux  is  an  indication  that  we  are 
working  toward  these  things  —  but 
should  we  not  be  devoting  a  little  more 
conscious  attention  to  this  problem  ?  The 
need  is  being  recognized  by  lay  mem- 
bers of  the  community.  If  we  don't  do 
something  about  it  rather  soon,  lay  mem- 
bers of  the  community  may! 


REPORT  OF  THE  EXCHANGE  OF  NURSES  COMMITTEE 


From  the  General  Meeting  1940,  the  Ex- 
change of  Nurses  Committee  received  the 
following  recommendation :  "That  for  the 
duration  of  the  war  the  objective  of  the  Ex- 
change of  Nurses  Committee  be  the  encou- 
ragement of  interprovincial  exchange."  To 
initiate  the  objective  of  interprovincial  ex- 
change, the  Committee  decided  to  learn  first 
the  willingness  of  hospitals  and  public 
health  agencies  to  endorse  and  participate 
in  exchange  between  provinces  and  the  pos- 
sibility of  short  periods  of  exchange  within 
provinces  between  public  health  and  insti- 
tutional nurses,  with  due  consideration  to 
avoiding  disruption  of  nursing  services.  A 
well-prepared  questionnaire  with  a  detailed 
explanatory  letter  was  then  submitted  to  the 
provincial  representative  members  of  the 
Committee  with  the  request  that,  if  able  to 
endorse  the  proposed  circulation  of  the  ques- 
tionnaire, each  representative  was  to  submit 
a  list  of  hospitals  and  public  health  agencies 


in  her  province  to  which  the  questionnaire 
should  be  sent. 

Upon  receving  unanimous  approval  of  the 
questionnaire  and  letter  from  the  provincial 
representatives,  distribution  was  made  to 
80  general  and  15  special  hospitals  and  to 
15  public  health  agencies.  While  18  hospitals 
(12%)  and  one  public  health  agency  en- 
dorsed the  principle  of  exchange  without 
being  able  to  participate,  the  majority  ex- 
pressed the  opinion  that  the  time  was  not 
opportune  for  development  of  such  plans. 
Due  to  lack  of  more  satisfactory  response 
by  hospitals  and  public  health  agencies,  it  was 
decided  that  the  Committee  could  not  make 
any  definite  proposals  for  an  interprovincial 
exchange  plan  to  the  Executive  Committee. 

Following  a  meeting  of  the  Executive 
Committee  in  January,  the  members  of  the 
Exchange  Committee  resident  in  Montreal 
were  invited  to  become  a  selections  com- 
mittee  for  the  recruiting  of  volunteers   for 


SEPTEMBER,   1942 


718 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


the  British  Civil  Nursing  Reserve.  The  re- 
quest for  recruiting  of  nurses  was  received 
by  the  Association  from  the  office  of  the 
High  Commissioner  for  The  United  King- 
dom. Upon  being  assured  of  the  Associa- 
tion's cooperation,  the  secretary  to  the  High 
Commissioner  expressed  the  wish  that  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association  assume  res- 
ponsibiHty  for  examining  and  accepting  re- 
cruits, and  for  sending  them  to  the  United 
Kingdom,  with  the  assistance  of  the  appro- 
priate Canadian  authorities.  An  appHcation 
form  and  a  statement  of  regulations  for  the 
information  of  applicants  were  prepared  and 
sent  for  approval  to  the  Principal  Matron 
for  the  Ministr>^  of  Health.  England  and 
Wales.  Arrangements  were  made  with  the 
Thos.  Cook  &  Son  Travel  Agency  for  the 
latter  to  attend  to  all  details  connected  with 
transportation ;  this  included  securing  Grade 
A  rating  from  the  Priority  Board  for  trans- 


atlantic sailings  for  small  units  of  nurses 
for  Service  with  the  British  Civil  Nursing 
Reserve. 

The  number  of  nurses  who  have  asked  for 
information  concerning  the  British  Civil 
Nursing  Reserve  is  Z7 ;  of  these  16  received 
application  forms,  seven  of  which  were  com- 
pleted and  returned,  one  later  withdrew. 
Over  half  the  applicants  were  young  married 
nurses  whose  husbands  are  on  active  service 
in  England.  Decision  as  to  these  nurses  be- 
ing eligible  has  been  referred  to  the  Principal 
Matron  of  the  Ministry  of  Health.  Also 
the  Committee  awaits  definite  word  con- 
cerning transportation  from  the  same  officer 
before  accepting  any  applications  now  on  file. 

M.\BEL  K.  Holt 

Coni'ener 

Exchange  of  Nurses  Committee. 


REPORT  OF  THE    COMMITTEE  ON  HISTORY 
OF  NURSING  IN  CANADA 


It  is  my  privilege  to  submit  to  you 
the  report  of  the  Committee  on  Histor)- 
of  Nursing  in  Canada.  The  members 
of  this  Committee  are  Miss  Jean  E. 
Browne,  Miss  Matilda  Fitzgerald,  Miss 
Jean  Wilson,  the  national  Convener 
"with  the  conveners  of  the  nine  Provin- 
cial sub-committees:  Alberta,  Miss  K. 
S.  Brighty;  British  Columbia,  Miss  Ma- 
bel Gray;  Manitoba,  Miss  Edith  Mc- 
Dowell; New  Brunswick,  Miss  A.  A. 
Burns;  Nova  Scotia,  Miss  M.  Halibur- 
ton;  Ontario,  Miss  E.  L.  Clarke;  Prin- 
ce Edward  Island,  Miss  M.  Thompson; 
Quebec,  Miss  M.  Batson;  Saskatche- 
wan, Miss  Ruby  Simpson. 

Since  1938,  the  Provincial  Commit- 
tes,  in  collaboration  with  the  National 
Committee,  have  undertaken  the  work 
of  assembling  available  data  and  the  svs- 
tematic  search  for  further  historical  ma- 


terial   relating    to    the    development    of 
nursing  in  this  country.  In  the  first  year 
following  the  last  Biennial  Meeting,  so 
much    progress    was    made    that    your 
Committee    met    in    Toronto    in    May 
1941,  and  reached  the  decision  that  the 
actual  preparation  of  the  History  should 
be    recommended.      Ways    and    means 
were  considered,  and  the  following  re- 
commenda'"ions  were  made  to  the  Exe- 
cutive    Committee     of     the     Canadian 
Nurses  Association  at  the  meeting  held 
in   Montreal  on  June  2,    1941: 
That  the  present   period  is  a  strategic  one 
for  the  publication  of  a  History  of  Nurs- 
ing in   Canada ; 
That  this  book  should  interpret  the  develop- 
ment of  nursing  in  Canada,  and  its  influ- 
ence on  the  life  of  the  Canadian  people; 
That   a  well-written,   readable  book  of   this 
type  would  undoubtedly  serve  as  an  effec- 


Vol.  38,  No.  9 


HISTORY     OF     NURSING 


719 


tive  publicity  tcx)l  for  nursing  and  its 
needs; 

That  an  author  be  selected  who  has  under- 
taken intensive  historical  research  and  is 
at  the  same  time  a  writer  of  proven  abil- 
ity; 

That  as  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association 
cannot  undertake  the  financial  responsibil- 
ity- for  siKh  a  project  at  the  present  time. 
they  should  investigate  the  offer  of  The 
Macmillan  Company  of  Canada  to  assume 
the  cost  of  publishing  a  Histor>-  of  Nurs- 
ing to  be  written  by  an  author  jointly  ac- 
ceptable to  the  Canadian  Nurses  Associa- 
tion and  The  Macmillan  Company  on  a 
royalty  basis. 

After  due  deb'beration,  the  following 
resolutions  were  adopted  by  the  Execu- 
tive Committee: 

That  inasmuch  as  the  Executive  Committee 
approves  the  suggestions  contained  in  the 
Histor>'  of  Nursing  Report,  it  is  recom- 
mended that  Miss  Mar>-  Mathewson.  con- 
vener of  the  History  of  Nursing  Com- 
mittee. C.N.A..  be  requested  to  collaborate 
in  the  preparation  of  the  History-  of  Nurs- 
ing in  Canada  with  a  professional  writer 
to  be  selected  later. 
That  a  copy  of  the  History-  of  Nursing  re- 
port be  sent  to  each  provincial  Associa- 
tion of  Registered  Nurses,  with  the  re- 
quest that  they  state  if  they  are  in  agree- 
ment with  the  Canadian  Nurses  Associa- 
tion proceeding  according  to  the  plan  pro- 
posed in  the  report,  and  that  decision  for 
action  will  be  made  on  the  majority  of 
replies. 
That  the  first  and  second  vice-presidents  and 
the  Executive  Secretary  of  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association  be  authorized  to  draw 
up  and  sign  on  behalf  of  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association  such  agreements  as 
may  be  necessary  with  The  Macmillan 
Publishing  Company  in  relation  to  the 
publication  of  the  History  of  Nursing  in 
Canada. 

During  the  summer  of  1941,  all  Pro- 
vincial Associations  were  given  an  op- 
portunit\-  of  expressing  an  opinion  in  the 
matter  and  further  details  regarding  the 
proposal   of  The    Macmillan   Company 


were  secured.  At  the  meeting  of  the 
Executive  Committee  held  in  Montreal 
in  September  1941,  it  was  reported  that 
the  majority-  of  the  Provincial  Associa- 
tions favoured  the  undertaking,  and  it 
was  decided  to  proceed  with  the  neces- 
sary- arrangements.  The  president  of 
the  Assodation  then  conferred  with  Mr. 
Colin  Henderson  representing  The 
MacmiUan  Company,  and  when  preli- 
minarv  negotiations  had  been  completed 
it  was  agreed  that  Miss  Margaret  Law- 
rence, a  graduate  of  Toronto  Univer- 
sity- with  a  major  in  history,  author 
of  a  successful  book,  "School  of  Fe- 
minit}-,"  and  at  present  on  the  editorial 
staff  of  the  Consolidated  Press,  be  asked 
to  consider  the  writing  of  the  book  in 
collaboration  with  Mar\-  S.  Mathewson. 
When  Miss  Lawrence's  consent  to  un- 
dertake the  work  had  been  secured,  the 
contract  was  drawn  up  and  signed  in 
March  1942  by  the  duly  appointed  of- 
ficers of  the  Association.  The  Commit- 
tee then  met  with  Miss  Lawrence  in 
Toronto,  to  present  the  wishes  of  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Assodation  regarding 
the  proposed  History. 

Your  Committee  considers  that  the 
Association  is  most  fortunate  in  secur- 
ing the  services  of  Miss  Lawrence,  who 
considers  the  writing  of  this  book  as  a 
trust,  and  who  is  already  convinced  that 
behind  the  development  of  Canada's 
nurses  as  we  see  them  today  is  a  story 
which  needs  to  be  told. 

The  factual  data  around  which  this 
book  must  be  written  have  been  patient- 
ly unearthed  by  countless  nurses  in  all 
parts  of  the  country  working  under  the 
direction  of  the  conveners  of  Provincial 
Committees.  The  material  which  has 
been  forwarded  to  the  National  Com- 
mittee has  surpassed  all  expectations. 
It  is  impossible  to  name  each  individual 
who  has  shared  in  this  work,  but  the 
thanks  of  all  Canadian  nurses  will  go 
out  to  them  collectively  when  the  long 


SEPTEMBER.   1942 


^20 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


anticipated    History   actually   appears   in 
print. 

May  I  take  this  opportunity  of  ex- 
pressing the  sincere  thanks  of  the  Com- 
mittee to  the  Provincial  Conveners  and 
their  Committees  for  the  untiring  ef- 
forts  and  loyal  support   without   which 


this   progress   could  Jiot   have   been   re- 
ported. 

Mary  S.  Mathewson 
Convener 

Committee  on  History  of  Nursing 
in  Canada, 


REPORT  OF  COMMITTEE    ON  EIGHT-HOUR  DUTY 


Even  before  the  last  report  was  sub- 
mitted it  became  apparent  that  emer- 
gency conditions  arising  out  of  the  pre- 
sent crisis  placed  definite  limitations  on 
the  activities  of  this  Committee.  This 
fact  was  drawn  to  the  attention  of  those 
who  were  present  at  the  Biennial  Meet- 
ing in  1940  and  has  been  repeated  in 
reports  since  submitted  to  the  Executive 
of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association. 
However,  the  instructions  of  the  Exe- 
cutive are  reflected  in  the  following 
statement:  "the  fact  that  this  Commit- 
tee exists  strengthens  the  provincial  as- 
sociations in  maintaining  a  watchfulness 
that  nurses  are  not  too  greatly  exploited 
at  present".  Your  Committee  has  en- 
deavoured to  carry  on  with  this  under- 
standing. It  has  been  definitely  stated  by 
the  representative  in  several  provinces 
that  even  the  existence  of  the  Commit- 
tee has  been  helpful.  There  is  no  doubt 
that  while  conditions  are  far  from  ideal, 
both  the  public  and  the  authorities  who 
are  most  immediately  concerned  are  be- 
coming definitely  conscious  that  it  is  im- 
perative that  shorter  hours  of  duty  must 
be  established.  It  is  lamentable  that  this 
recognition  is  only  becoming  a  live  issue 
in  many  instances  because  of  the  present 
conditions  in  which  the  demand  for 
nurses  makes  consideration  of  reasonable 
hours  of  duty  imperative,  if  the  services 
of  nurses  are  to  be  retained. 

All  are  agreed  that  in  any  emergency 
nurses  will  not  be  found  wanting,  but 
it  is  realized  that  with  appropriate  hours, 
more    efficient    work    is    accomplished. 


Nurses,  as  well  as  other  workers,  are 
entitled  to  consideration  that  will  enable 
them  to  function  as  effectively  as  pos- 
sible, both  as  professional  women  and 
citizens,  in  order  that  they  may  render 
a  maximum  service.  This  is  particularly 
important  in  the  present  emergency 
when  increasing  demands  are  being  met 
by  every  worthy  citizen.  At  the  present 
time  with  the  shortage  of  nurses,  especi- 
ally in  the  outlying  districts,  it  is  difficult 
to  urge  the  adoption  of  a  policy  that  ob- 
viously requires  more  nurses.  However, 
if  nursing  service  is  to  be  stabilized  and 
the  desirable  type  of  young  woman  at- 
tracted to  the  profession,  it  is  absolutely 
essential  that  reasonable  hours  of  duty 
be  adopted.  Furthermore,  in  any  emer- 
gency physicial  fitness  is  of  the  utmost 
importance. 

Your  Committee  has  endeavoured  to 
keep  in  touch  with  developments  in  the 
nine  provinces  and,  whenever  possible, 
to  bring  to  the  attention  of  the  appro- 
priate authorities  the  need  for  revision 
and  modification  of  hours.  It  is  felt  that 
one  means  of  stimulating  interest  is  a 
persevering  study  of  existing  conditions. 
It  is  definitely  suggested  that  this  be 
continued.  In  her  work  as  Emergency 
Nursing  Adviser  the  chairman  of  this 
Committee  has  had  opportunities  to 
stress  to  boards  of  directors  and  other 
influential  groups,  the  need  for  shorter 
hours  of  duty  for  nurses.  These  oppor- 
tunities have  been  capitalized. 

Frequently,  boards  of  directors  appear 
to  be  surprised  when  they  learn  of  the 

Vol.  38.  No.  9 


THE    EIGHT-HOUR   DAY 


721 


hours  of  duty  that  many  nurses  are  giv- 
ing. It  is  questionable  whether  sufficient 
recognition  is  given  to  this  factor  as  one 
of  the  chief  causes  of  the  continued  un- 
rest among  nurses,  especially  those  doing 
general  duty.  Today  young  women  are 
realists.  They  are  not  prepared  to  make 
seemingly  imwarranted  sacrifices  in  or- 
der that  an  institution  may  carry  an  in- 
creasingly heavy  service,  and  indulge  in 
expenditures  for  equipment  and  exten- 
sions that  often  fail  to  justify  themselves 
—  a  fact  that  frequently  is  very  appa- 
rent to  workers  within  a  hospital. 

At  the  request  of  this  Committee,  a 
copy  of  a  report  prepared  by  the  chair- 
man of  the  Provincial  Committee  on 
working  conditions  for  nurses  and 
nurses-in-training  in  hospitals  in  British 
Columbia  was  forwarded  to  each  prov- 
ince. The  study  of  this  was  recom- 
mended. It  is  apparent  that  results  have 
been  obtained  from  the  work  of  this 
committee.  In  this  province  use  is  made 
of  a  form  in  which  it  will  be  noted  that 
the  question  of  overtime  is  emphasized. 
This  is  recognized  as  an  important  fac- 
tor in  contributing  to  fatigue  and  strain. 
Some  schedules  of  modified  hours  of 
duty  have  also  been  made  available  to 
provincial  representatives. 

The  representatives  in  eight  provinces 
recently  reported  upon  prevailing  condi- 
tions. In  most  centres  the  private  duty 
nurses  are  working  on  an  eight-hour  day 
as  a  general  practice,  and  apparently 
with  satisfactory  results,  although  the 
following  comments  have  been  received 
from  a  few  centres:  "Nurses  only  ob- 
serve the  eight-hour  day  in  homes;  hos- 
pital authorities  are  not  yet  prepared  to 
accept  this  schedule."  or  "Doctors  are 
unwilling  to  approve  the  eight-hour 
day."  This  is  the  reverse  of  the  general 
trend.  In  centres  in  which  the  eight- 
hour  day  has  been  established  it  has 
brought  new  meaning  into  the  hfe  of 
the  private  duty  nurse,  apparently  with- 


out   any    marked    inconvenience    to    the 
parent. 

Lack  of  accommodation  to  permit  of 
increase  in  staff,  shortage  of  personnel, 
increased  demands  being  made  upon  hos- 
pitals that  are  already  overcrowded,  are 
among  the  problems  cited  as  directly  af- 
fecting any  marked  reduction  in  hours 
of  duty  for  institutional  nurses.  On  the 
other  hand,  long  hours  of  duty  are 
frankly  stated  as  one  of  the  reasons  why 
nurses  turn  from  general  duty  to  some 
other   field  of  endeavour. 

Because  of  the  value  of  repetition  we 
re-state   the   recommendations  approved 
by  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association  in 
June   1940: 
That  a  ninety-six  hour   fortnight  should  be 

the  objective. 
That  lectures  and  classes  should  be  included 

in  time  on  duty. 
That  the  arrangement  of  the  time  should  not 
be  left  to  the  individual  hospital  but  that 
the  goal  should  be  made  a  straight  eight- 
hour  service  with  staggered  hours  not 
more  than  four  times  in  any  one  fortnight. 
These  recommendations  refer  particu- 
larly to  student  nurses. 

Another  recommendation  arising  out 
of  the  Special  Conference  held  last  fall, 
and  approved  by  the  Executive  of  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association  reads: 
"that  the  eight-hour  day  and  the  ninety- 
six  hour  fortnight  be  applied  during  the 
preliminary  term";  this  to  include  class, 
practice  and  study  periods.  The  realiza- 
tion of  these  recommendations  may  seem 
to  be  remote  under  present  conditions, 
but  it  is  very  essential  to  aim  towards 
them  if  we  are  to  continue  to  attract  a 
desirable  type  of  young  women  to  the 
profession,  and  to  retain  the  services  of 
those  who  are  in  it. 

Further  recommendations  formulated 
as  the  result  of  the  reports  received  from 
the  provincial  representatives  include  the 
following : 

That  continued  study  and  appropriate  pub- 
licity be  given  to  the  question  of  reason- 


SEPTEMBER,   1942 


722 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


able  hours  of  duty  for  all  nurses. 

That  every  opportunity  be  made  to  inform 
boards  of  directors  of  the  important  im- 
plications from  which  hours  of  duty  and 
living  conditions  for  nurses  cannot  be 
disassociated. 

That  if  possible,  one  whole  day  off  each 
week  be  arranged  for  all  nurses,  even 
though  a  reduction  to  the  ninety-six  hour 
fortnight  may  not  be  feasible.  One  day  of 
uninterrupted  freedom  from  duty  would 
enormously  increase  the  possibilities  for 
recreation  and  diversion  that  are  so  es- 
sential for  every  nurse.  Posting  of  hours 
and  time  off  duty  several  days  in  advance 
is  also  definitely  recommended. 

It  is  recommended  that  an  accurate  record 
of  overtime  be  kept.  This  would  be  dis- 
tinctly revealing. 

That  consideration  be  given  to  the  possibility 
of  using  auxiliary  aides  to  a  greater  extent 
in  hospitals  and  other  institutions  in  which 
their  services  might  be  utilized  for  non- 
educational    duties. 


The  Committee  would  again  draw  attention 
to  the  fact  that  the  name  of  the  Commit- 
tee is  misleading.  In  a  number  of  hospitals 
an  eight-hour  day  has  been  adopted  with- 
out any  further  allowances  of  time  off 
duty.  The  total  number  of  hours  under 
such  an  arrangement  constitute  a  fifty- 
six  hour  week,  or  one  hundred  and  twelve 
hour  fortnight. 

This  report  is  prepared  by  the  chair- 
man with  an  appreciation  of  the  work 
done  by  the  representatives  in  the  pro- 
vinces under  conditions  that  are  far  from 
encouraging.  The  past  two  years  have 
been  difficult  ones  in  which  to  achieve 
progress.  However,  the  objectives  of  the 
Committee  are  felt  to  be  of  the  utmost 
importance  in  the  present  crisis,  as  they 
affect  recruitment  of  student  nurses  and 
the  stabilization  of  nursing  services. 

K.  W.  Ellis 
Chairman 


REPORT    OF    NIGHTINGALE    MEMORIAL  COMMITTEE 


At  the  General  Meeting,  1940,  the  policy 
of  collecting  funds  for  the  Endowment  Fund 
of  the  Florence  Nightingale  International 
Foundation,  to  the  completion  of  the  com- 
mitment by  the  Canadian  Nurses  Associa- 
tion (1938-1942)  was  endorsed.  In  meeting 
on  February  22,  1941,  it  was  decided  by  the 
Executive  Committee  that  in  view  of  un- 
settled conditions,  no  further  donations  for 
the  Endowment  Fund  be  solicited.  However, 
due  to  plans  already  made  by  the  provincial 
associations,  total  contributions  to  the  En- 
dowment Fund  during  the  biennium  amount- 
ed to  $1064.39.  In  June  1941,  $2,500.  of  the 
Fund  was  invested  in  Dominion  of  Canada 
Victory  Loan  Bonds.  The  interest  from 
these  bonds  will  be  deposited  to  the  Endow- 
ment Fund,  the  bank  balance  of  which  on 
June  1,  1942,  was  $256.54. 

The  decision  made  in  1940  by  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association  to  establish  a  loan  fund 
has  been  fully  justified.  Enquiries  have 
been  received  from  33  nurses,  representing 
all  Provinces.  Of  this  number,  nine  made  de- 


finite application  for  assistance.  For  the 
year  1940-1941,  one  applicant  was  granted 
a  bursary  of  three  hundred  dollars,  which 
enabled  her  to  complete  a  course  of  study 
already  undertaken  at  the  University  of 
Chicago.  Also  for  that  year,  one  loan  was 
issued  to  a  student  for  a  course  in  teaching 
and  supervision  in  schools  of  nursing. 

For  the  year  1941-1942,  six  loans  were  is- 
sued for  courses  in  (1)  teaching  and  super- 
vision in  schools  of  nursing  by  four  students 
and  (2)  public  health  by  two  students.  Uni- 
versities selected  were  McGill  and  Toronto. 
Already  two  loans  totalling  $1,000  have  been 
granted  for  the  year  1942-1943,  one  for  a 
course  in  hospital  administration  and  the 
other  for  a  course  in  public  health.  The 
total  amount  of  funds  already  granted  in 
loans  is  $3,550.  Repayments  are  being  re- 
ceived as  promised. 

K.ATHLEEN    I.    SANDERSON 

Convener 

Florence  Nightingale  Memorial 

Committee 


Vol.  38,  No.  9 


Notes  From  the  National  Office 

Contributed   by  JEAN   S.   WILSON, 
Executive  Secretary,  The  Canadian  Nurses  Association 


The  following  resolutions  were  adop- 
ted at  the  General  Meeting  of  the  Cana- 
dian Nurses  Association  held  in  Mont- 
real from  June  22  to  26,  1942: 

Be  it  resolved  that  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association  accept  the  invitation 
of  the  Manitoba  Association  of  Regis- 
tered Nurses  for  the  next  General  Meet- 
ing (1944)  to  be  held  in  the  City  of 
Winnipeg. 

Whereas  a  careful  study  of  the  secur- 
ing of  an  Act  of  Incorporation  for  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association  reveals  the 
following  difficulties:  (a)  there  would  be 
the  necessity  of  holding  an  annual  meet- 
ing; (b)  there  would  be  less  flexibility 
in  regard  to  change  in  constitution  and 
by-laws;  (c)  there  would  be  less  free- 
dom in  undertaking  new  projects  not  in- 
cluded in  the  present  constitution;  be 
it  resolved  that  the  proposal  to  secure  an 
Act  of  Incorporation  for  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association  be  tabled. 

Whereas  during  the  next  two  years, 
unusual  heavy  responsibilities  and  work 
may  have  to  be  met  by  the  Executive 
Committee  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  As- 
sociation, be  it  resolved  that  the  Execu- 
tive Committee  of  the  Canadian  Nurses 
Association  be  given  wide  powers  and 
authority  of  wide  representation  at  Exe- 
cutive Meetings  and  to  take  any  neces- 
sary action  during  the  next  biennium. 

Resolved  that  the  Canadian  Nurses 
Association  offer  loans  for  scholarship 
purposes  to  the  amount  of  $2,000  an- 
nually for  the  next  two-year  period. 

Whereas  difficulties  are  experienced 
continually  in  each  province  in  connec- 


tion with  nominations  for  officers  in  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association  and  the 
National  Sections,  be  it  resolved  that  in 
order  to  facilitate  the  procedure  in  con- 
nection with  nominations,  each  provin- 
cial association  of  registered  nurses  be 
requested  to  send  to  the  Executive  Se- 
cretary of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Asso- 
ciation a  brief  sketch  of  the  professional 
qualifications  and  contributions  of  pos- 
sible nominees  for  the  various  offices  by 
September  1  in  each  year  preceding  a 
biennial  meeting;  also  that  a  compilation 
of  this  information  be  sent  to  each  pro- 
vincial association  of  registered  nurses 
with  instructions  concerning  nomina- 
tions. Furthermore,  it  is  recommended 
that  nomination  committees  be  appointed 
by  each  provincial  association  of  regis- 
tered nurses  to  prepare  the  slate  of  nomi- 
nees for  office  in  the  Canadian  Nurses 
Association  for  submission  to  the  pro- 
vincial associations   for  consideration. 

Whereas  it  is  recognized  to  be  sound 
and  progressive  educational  policy  to 
keep  universities  open  on  a  yearly  basis, 
dividing  the  year  into  semesters  or  quar-? 
ters,  be  it  resolved  that  steps  be  taken  to 
develop  courses  in  nursing  education  on 
a  semester  basis;  that  particular  stress 
be  given  to  the  opening  of  university 
summer  sessions  to  nurses  and  that  such 
work  be  given  full  credit  towards  a  di- 
ploma or  a  degree.  This  recommenda- 
tion is  to  be  referred  to  the  incoming 
Executive  with  the  suggestion  that  they 
confer  with  the  new  Provisional  Council 
of  University  Schools  in  order  to  im- 
plement it. 


SEPTEMBER,   1942 


723 


724 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


Whereas  the  services  of  married  and 
inactive  nurses  are  urgently  needed  in 
hospitals  and  elsewhere,  he  it  resolved 
that  those  nurses  who  have  at  some  time 
been  registered  nurses,  and  who  under- 
take to  attend  the  available  refresher 
courses,  be  granted  emergency  regis- 
tration status  for  the  duration  of  the 
emergency  if  they  give  their  services 
on  a  voluntary  basis.  Those  nurses  who 
wish  to  serve  for  remuneration  should 
be  required  to  secure  provincial  regis- 
tration; it  is  further  recommended  that 
consideration  be  given  to  the  possibility 
of  a  special  examination  to  meet  the 
needs  of  this  group. 

Whereas  there  is  greatly  increased 
demand  for  graduate  nurses  due 
to  war  and  emergency  conditions  and 
a  shortage  of  nurses,  both  graduate  and 
student,  which  is  being  felt  most  keenly 
at  the  present  time,  be  it  resolved  that, 
as  a  war  measure,  steps  be  taken  to  meet 
the  serious  shortage  by  temporary  in- 
crease in  student  enrolment  in  approved 
schools  of  nursing  where  it  is  possible 
to  strengthen  teaching  and  supervising 
staffs  to  a  satisfactory  degree. 

Whereas  there  exists  a  Dominion 
Government  Committee  known  as  the 
Public  Health  Council,  be  it  resolved 
that  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association 
appoint  a  committee  representative  of 
the  three  sections  to  meet  with  women 
members  of  the  Public  Health  Council 
in  order  to  bring  to  the  Council,  Cana- 
dian nursing  opinion. 

Resolved  that  a  clearing-house  or  bu- 
reau for  the  registration  of  studies  be 
set  up  at  the  National  Office  of  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association  to  serve  all 
Sections  and  Committees  of  the  C.N. A., 


the  provincial  units  and  all  associated 
groups  such  as  the  Nursing  Section  of 
the  Canadian  Public  Health  Association. 
It  is  further  recommended  that  all  stu- 
dies, undertaken  nationally  or  provin- 
cially,  be  registered  with  the  Central  Bu- 
reau of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association, 
through  their  respective  offices  and  that 
in  return  the  Bureau  will  notify  all  pro- 
vincial associations  when  such  studies 
are  undertaken. 

Whereas  nursing  bureaux  and  regis- 
tries are  being  developed  across  Canada, 
be  it  resolved  that  nursing  registries  and 
bureaux  be  specifically  mentioned  in  the 
list  of  agencies  that  will  be  utilized  in 
any  health  insurance  scheme. 

Resolved  that  the  Executive  Commit- 
tee of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association 
be  asked  to  consider  sending  represen- 
tatives to  the  meetings  of  the  American 
Nurses  Association,  the  National  League 
of  Nursing  Education,  and  other  such 
meetings  that  it  is  a  privilege  to  attend. 
It  is  further  recommended  that  the  Exe- 
cutive Committee  of  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association  recommend  to  the 
provinces  that  similar  thought  be  given 
to  sending  representatives  from  the  pro- 
vincial associations  to  these  meetings. 

Resolved  that  the  provincial  associa- 
tions of  registered  nurses  be  urged  to 
continue  the  services  of  their  respective 
advisers. 

Resolved  that  the  term  "General  Staff 
Nurse"  replace  the  term  "General  Duty 
Nurse". 

Resolved  that  the  Canadian  Nurses 
Association  continue  the  National  Joint 
Committee  on  Enrolment,  to  go  for- 
ward for  the  duration,  nurses  and  Red 
Cross  hand  in  hand. 


Message  from  The  Macmillan  Company 

The  Macmillan  Company  of  Canada  Limited  apologizes  for  the  delay  in  supplying 
Kimher  &  Gray — A'natomy  &  Physiology.  Difficulties  in  obtaining  paper  delayed  publica- 
ton  aiui  shipments  from  Nezv  York  were  held  up  by  war  contngencies.  Stock  will  be  com- 
pletely in  hand  in  a  few  days,  and  all  we  can  say  is — IVe  are  very  sorry. 


Vol.  38,  No.  9 


REPORT  OF  THE  EXECUTIVE  SECRETARY     OF  THE  C.N.A. 


The  Canadian  Nurses  Association  in 
assembly  for  the  twenty-first  general 
meeting,  is  facing  a  week  of  strenuous 
sessions.  In  order  to  expedite  proceed- 
ings, the  biennial  report  of  the  Execu- 
tive Secretary  will  be  brief.  Routine  or- 
ganization work  has  been  carried  on  as 
usual  and  emergency  responsibilities  re- 
cognized and  met  under  the  direction 
of  the  Executive  Committee  which  also 
has  given  effective  leadership  to  several 
projects  in  co-operation  with  other  in- 
terested groups. 

In  June  1941,  representatives  of  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association  and  the 
Canadian  Hospital  Council  met  for  the 
first  time  to  discuss  matters  of  mutual 
interest  and  responsibility.  The  question 
of  graduate  nurses  becoming  responsible 
for  the  carrying  out  of  clinical  proce- 
dures, customarily  delegated  to  internes, 
was  discussed  at  length.  It  was  agreed 
that  in  those  hospitals  unable  to  obtain 
adequate  interne  service,  it  should  be 
considered  sound  procedure  to  permit 
the  following  to  be  performed  by  nurses, 
provided  such  be  done  by  one  or  more 
graduate  nurses  of  the  hospital  staff, 
carefully  selected  and  trained  for  this 
work. 

Blood  pressure  readings ;  subcutaneous  in- 
jections; intravenous  injection  of  saline  and 
glucose  solutions  and  such  other  medications 
or  diagnostic  fluids  as  the  medical  staff  may 
authorize ;  taking  of  Wassermann ;  removal 
of  sutures;  intra-muscular  injection  of  sub- 
stances specifically  authorized  by  the  med- 
ical staf;  recording  of  histories  (with  the 
exception  of  the  physical  examination)  ; 
progress  notes  as  dictated  by  the  physician 
in  charge ;  such  other  clinical  procedures  as 
may  be  recommended  by  the  medical  staff 
and  approved  by  the  director  of  nursing  and 
the   board  of   trustees. 

It  was  agreed  that  before  any  part  or 
all  of  this  arrangement  could  be  insti- 
tuted, it  must  be   approved  by  the  or- 


ganized medical  staff,  by  the  director 
of  nursing  and  the  governing  body  of 
the  hospital.  La«^er,  the  Canadian  Hos- 
pital Council  sought  the  endorsation  of 
the  Canadian  Medical  Association  to 
the  foregoing  decision;  however,  the 
desired  approval  was  not  secured.  Also, 
it  was  agreed  that  as  a  shortage  of  grad- 
ua'^e  nurses  might  occur,  it  was  thought 
advisable  to  approve  a  plan  by  which 
some  hospital  experience  could  be  made 
available  to  voluntary  nursing  aides.  The 
Canadian  Nurses  Association  was  asked 
to  prepare  an  outline  of  a  syllabus  for 
young  women  who  had  secured  certifi- 
cates in  home  nursing  and  first  aid, 
and  who  wish  to  enrol  for  hospital 
experience  under  the  sponsorship  of 
the  St.  John  Ambulance  Associa- 
tion or  the  Canadian  Red  Cross  So- 
ciet)'.  (See  The  Canadian  Nurse ^  ]n\y 
1941,  pp.  471  and  472.) 

Another  joint  meeting  was  held  in 
March  1942,  when  representatives  of 
the  St.  John  Ambulance  Association, 
the  Canadian  Red  Cross  Society,  the 
Canadian  Hospital  Council  and  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association  met  to- 
gether for  the  first  time.  Discussion  at 
this  meeting  resulted  in  the  unanimous 
agreement  of  the  organizations  repre- 
sented to  a  shorter  course  in  hospital  ex- 
perience for  voluntary  nursing  aides  than 
that  outlined  in  the  Syllabus  prepared  in 
June  1941.  The  need  for  a  shorter 
course  seemed  evident,  due  to  a  de- 
crease of  eligible  young  women  for  the 
original  course  which  requires  at  least 
240  hours  for  hospital  experience.  Also 
an  agreement  was  reached  as  to  classi- 
fication of  voluntary  nursing  aides  ac- 
cording to  their  preparation.  (See  The 
Canadian  Nurs-e^  May   1942,  p.  309.) 

Late  in  September  1941,  the  Cana- 
dian Nurses  Association  arranged  for  a 
conference  with  representatives  of  Uni- 


SEPTEMBER,  1942 


725 


726 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


versity  Schools  of  Nursing  for  discussion 
of  increasingly  acute  problems  connected 
with  nursing  service  and  nursing  edu- 
cation. Following  that  conference,  the 
University  representatives  attended  a 
meeting  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Asso- 
ciation Executive  Committee,  at  which 
each  provincial  association  was  repre- 
sented officially.  Recommendations  aris- 
ing from  the  conference  were  endorsed 
by  the  Executive  Committee.  As  a  result 
of  those  recommendations,  the  Cana- 
dian Nurses  Association  approached  the 
Federal  Government  for  financial  assis- 
tance and  took  immediate  action  toward 
appointing  an  Emergency  Nursing  Ad- 
viser to  initiate  the  means  for  stabilizing 
Canada's  nursing  service.  (See  The 
Canadian  Nurse,  Nov.    1941,  pp.   761- 

763.) 

The  Canadian  Nurses  Association  was 
officially  represented  at  a  meeting  of 
Women's  National  Organizations  which 
was  held  at  Government  House,  Otta- 
wa, by  invitation  of  Her  Royal  High- 
ness Princess  Alice.  Other  similar  meet- 
ings at  which  the  Canadian  Nurses  As- 
sociation was  represented  include  one 
called  by  the  Wartime  Prices  and  Trade 
Board,  and  several  called  by  the  Cana- 
dian  Red  Cross  Society. 

Provincial  Associations: 

The  provincial  associations  of  regis- 
tered nurses  make  up  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association;  that  is,  the  national 
organization  is  a  federation  of  the  pro- 
vincial associations.  The  total  number  of 
members  at  January  1,  1942,  was  18,- 
266.  Each  provincial  unit  is  represented 
on  the  Executive  Committee  of  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association  by  four 
members,  namely,  the  president  and  the 
chairmen  of  Sections,  As  reports  of  spe- 
cial committees  are  presented  later,  note 
can  be  made  of  the  participation  of  the 
provincial  associations  in  those  national 
committees,  either  through  individual  re- 


presentation   or   by   corresponding    pro- 
vincial sub-committees. 
Sections: 

There  are  three  Sections  in  the  Cana- 
dian Nurses  Association:  the  Hospital 
and  School  of  Nursing  Section;  the 
General  Nursing  Section;  the  Public 
Health  Section.  At  the  General  Meet- 
ing in  1940,  a  renaming  of  the  Sec- 
tions was  approved  and  the  by-laws 
amended  as  necessary.  Each  provincial 
association  has  sections  to  correspond 
to  those  in  the  Canadian  Nurses  Asso- 
ciation. 
International  Council: 

The  Canadian  Nurses  Association  is 
one  of  the  few  national  organizations 
that  is  able  to  continue  contact  with  the 
International  Council  of  Nurses,  now 
with  temporary  head-quarters  in  the 
United  States  of  America.  The  annual 
fees  to  the  LC.N.  are  at  the  rate  of 
4  pence  (sterling)  per  member  of  each 
national  organization  having  internation- 
al affiliation.  At  the  request  of  the  I.C.- 
N.,  since  early  in  1940,  fees  have  been 
held  in  reserve.  In  December  1941, 
these  fees  held  in  reserve  by  the  C.N. A. 
amounting  to  approximately  $3400.00, 
were  invested  in  Dominion  of  Canada 
Victory  Bonds. 
British  Nurses  Relief  Fund: 

Early  in  1941,  when  it  was  learned 
that  financial  aid  was  the  best  way  by 
which  nurses  of  Canada  could  send 
help  to  the  nurses  of  Britain  who  were 
victims  of  enemy  action,  the  sum  of 
$2,000  from  C.N. A.  reserves,  was  sent 
to  the  Royal  College  of  Nursing  in  Lon- 
don. Then,  with  the  approval  of  the 
provincial  associations,  the  British  Nurses 
Relief  Fund  was  established  and  regis- 
tered according  to  the  War  Charities 
Act  of  Canada.  This  registration  permits 
for  funds  being  sent  in  aid  of  nurses 
in  any  part  of  the  British  Common- 
wealth of  Nations  who,^  due  to  enemy 


Vol.  38.  No.  9 


REPORT     OF  EXECUTIVE     SECRETARY       727 


action,  have  been  injured  or  have  had 
material  losses.  Altogether  $22,500  has 
been  sent  to  Britain  where  the  Royal 
College  of  Nursing  established  a  fund 
which  is  called  "The  Canadian  Nurses 
Fund  for  Civilian  Nurse  Air  Raid  Vic- 
tims". Recently,  on  advice  from  the 
Red  Cross  Enquiry  Bureau,  twenty  par- 
cels of  toilet  accessories,  each  of  maxi- 
mum weight  and  each  bearing  the  ad- 
dress —  "British  Nurses  as  prisoners  of 
war  in  Hong  Kong"  —  were  sent  to 
the  Chief  Postal  Censor,  Ottawa,  with 
a  request  that  when  possible  those  par- 
cels be  shipped  to  Hong  Kong.  Also,  an 
attempt  is  being  made  to  learn  if  there 
are  British  or  Allied  refugee  nurses  in 
Australia  who  are  in  need  of  financial 
assistance. 

To  comply  with  the  War  Charities 
Act  of  Canada,  the  Canadian  Nurses 
Association  appointed  three  members  to 
act  as  a  committee  on  administration  for 
the  Fund;  there  is  a  similar  committee 
in  each  province.  Also  to  comply  with 
federal  regulations,  an  audited  state- 
ment of  the  Fund  for  the  year  1941  was 
filed  with  the  Department  of  National 
Services  before  January  31,   1942. 

National  Vesfer  Service: 

In  consultation  with  the  Overseas 
Nursing  Sisters  Association  of  Canada, 
the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Cana- 
dian Nurses  Association  reached  a  de- 
cision whereby  in  future  on  the  first  or 
second  Sunday  in  the  month  of  May, 
nurses  throughout  Canada  will  arrange 
in  their  respective  localities  for  a  Vesper 
Service.  It  is  recommended  that  this 
service  should  become  a  re-dedication  by 
nurses  to  nursing,  and  that  the  grad- 
uating classes  of  local  schools  of  nurs- 
ing be  invited  to  attend. 

National  Office: 

In  May  1941,  the  President  announ- 
ced the  appointment    of    Miss    Maisie 


Miller  as  assistant  to  the  Executive  Se- 
cretary. Miss  Miller  joined  National  Of- 
fice staff  on  October  1.  Early  in  the 
present  year  Miss  Helen  Hope  replaced 
Miss  Helen  Rorke  as  clerical  office  as- 
sistant, and,  in  order  to  cope  with  the 
stenographic  demands  arising  from  va- 
rious developments,  it  became  necessary 
to  secure  the  President's  approval  to  the 
appointment  of  a  junior  stenographer, 
on  a  temporary  arrangement.  Since  Feb- 
ruary, Miss  Elizabeth  Cornell  has  acted 
in  the  latter  position. 

Among    the    projects    that    have    re- 
quired   extensive    clerical    assist^ance    of 
National  Office  staff  are: 
Several  studies  by  the  Committee  on  Nurs- 
ing Education, 

Study  by  the  Exchange  of  Nurses  Com- 
mittee. 

In   relation   to  loans   and   bursaries   offered 

by  the  Association. 
Recruiting  members  of  the  Canadian  Nurses 

Association   for  an   Orthopaedic   Hospital 

Unit    for    Scotland,    and    for   the    British 

Civil  Nursing  Reserve. 
In  relation  to  the  work  connected  with  the 

programme  undertaken  by  the  Emergency 

Nursing  Adviser. 
In  response  to  a  request  from  the  Federal 

Authorities  for  a  statement  on  Nursing  in 

relation   to  a   National   Health   Insurance 

Scheme. 

Sale  of  the  Supplement  to  the  Proposed 
Curriculum  —  about  1500  copies  —  and 
distribution  of  the  pamphlet,  "Should  You 
Wish  to  Become  a  Nurse"  —  19,500  copies. 

An  interim  report  in  detail  of  all  ac- 
tivities carried  on  under  the  direction 
of  the  Executive  Secretary  is  presented 
to  each  meeting  of  the  Executive,  while 
"Notes  from  the  National  Office",  pub- 
lished in  each  issue  of  The  Canadian 
Nurse^  provides  a  source  by  which  the 
members  at  large  may  keep  themselves 
informed  of  their  national  organization. 
A  monthly  financial  statement  is  sent 
to   the   President,    the    Hon.    Secretary, 


SEPTEMBER,  1942 


728 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


and  the  Hon.  Treasurer,  and  each 
member  of  the  Execu'"ive  Committee  re- 
ceives quarterly  a  summarized  financial 
repoit.  The  books  of  the  Association  are 
audited  annually. 

Your  Executive  Secretary  has  served 
as  secretary  of  Committees  such  as  Nurs- 
ing Education,  Exchange  of  Nurses,  and 
History  of  Nursing,  and  as  secretary- 
treasurer  of  the  administration  commit- 
tee of  the  British  Nurses  Relief  Fund. 

On  recommendation  by  the  Execu- 
tive Committee,  the  services  of  the  as- 
sistant to  the  Executive  Secretary  were 
made  available  to  the  Emergency  Nurs- 
ing Adviser  so  that  this  officer  at  Na- 
tional Office  could  become  familiar 
with  this  emergency  project;  the  assis- 
tant has  acted  as  secretary  to  the  sub- 


committee on  records  of  the  Committee 
on  Nursing  Education. 

During  the  past  two  years  the  in- 
dexing of  the  Minutes  of  General  Meet- 
ings and  of  Executive  Committee  Meet- 
ings was  completed  and  the  Minutes 
bound  in  separate  volumes. 

W artinte  Measures '. 

Your  Executive  Secretary  has  been 
on  the  alert  in  regard  to  various  war- 
time federal  regulations  as  they  came 
into  force  and  it  is  felt  that  the  Cana- 
dian Nurses  Association  has  complied 
with  all  such  regulations,  insofar  as  they 
affect  the  National  Organization. 

Jean  S.  Wilson 
Executive  Secretary 
Canadian   Nurses  Association 


Summary  of  Provincial  Reports 


In  order  to  conserve  space  and  save 
expense,  the  Executive  Committee  of 
the  C.N. A.  decided  that  the  reports  pre- 
sented at  the  Biennial  Meeting  by  the 
Provincial  Associations  of  Registered 
Nurses  shoidd  be  summarized.  Many  of 
the  outstanding  provincial  achievements 
had  already  been  reported  upon  at 
length  in  the  Journal  but  it  is  neverthe- 
less interes*'ing  to  review  them  briefly 
under  a  common  heading: 

Alberta  Association  of  Registered  Nurses: 
The  Provincial  Legislature  has  passed  the 
new  Registered  Nurses  Act  providing  for 
an  educational  requirement  of  high  school 
graduation  diploma  disclosing  successful 
completion  of  courses  in  chemistry  and  either 
physics  or  biology.  A  regulation  has  been 
added  to  the  Hospitals  Act  making  it  com- 
pulsory for  all  nurses  employed  in  approved 
hospitals  to  be  registered  and  in  good  stand- 
ing  in   Alberta,   special   consideration   to  be 


given  those  at  present  employed  but  not 
eligible   for   registration. 

By  arrangement  with  the  University  of 
Alberta,  graduates  passing  the  R.N.  exami- 
nations are  automatically  granted  registra- 
tion and  membership.  These  changes  have 
been  sought  for  many  years  and  through 
them  we  hope  substantially  to  increase  the 
number  of  active  members  and  in  time  to 
have  all  graduate  nurses  become  Association 
members.  Meanwhile,  active  membership 
continues  to  increase.  In  1939  the  number 
was   1303. 

Students  receiving  honours  (80%)  in  the 
R.N.  examinations  receive  from  the  Asso- 
ciation a  year's  subscription  to  The  Cana- 
dian Nurse. 

A  registry  for  private  duty  nurses  has 
recently  been  opened  in  Calgary,  operated 
by  District  3  and  known  as  the  Community 
Nursing  Bureau.  There  are  now  two  well 
organized  registries  in  Alberta;  both  include 
practical  nurses. 


Vol.  38,  No.  9 


PROVINCIAL    REPORTS 


729 


Regisfered  Nurses  Association  of  British 
Columbia:  Our  membership  in  January  1942 
stood  at  2,840.  Quite  a  few  nurses  whose 
membership  had  been  allowed  to  lapse  have 
re-established  registration  partly  as  an  out- 
come of  the  interest  created  by  the  formation 
of  local  Districts  and  Chapters.  "Chapter" 
is  the  term  used  in  reference  to  a  local  As- 
sociation, three  or  more  of  which  units  com- 
bine to  form  a  District.  We  expect  eventual- 
ly to  have  about  ten  districts  covering  the 
entire  province.  We  now  have  three  Districts 
comprising  seven,  four  and  three  Chapters 
respectively,  and  fifteen  additional  single 
Chapters.  A  news  bulletin,  along  with  any 
other  information  which  we  want  to  have 
reach  our  members,  is  sent  out  to  all  Chap- 
ters  following  each  meeting  of  the  Council. 

.'\t  the  annual  meeting  in  1942.  the  Asso- 
ciation approved  the  principle  that  it  should 
be  the  responsibility  of  the  District  as  a 
v»hole  and  not  just  the  private  duty  nurses, 
to  support  the  District  registry  —  a  registry 
which  will  handle  calls  for  private  duty 
nurses  and  general  staff  placements.  We  are 
planning  the  organization  of  a  provincial 
placement  service  which,  in  co-operation  with 
the  district  registries,  will  handle  general 
staff  placements  in  parts  of  the  province 
where  there  are  no  local  registries  and  pla- 
cement for  all  positions  requiring  special 
experience  or  preparation.  In  order  to  fi- 
nance this  venture,  and  beginning  in  March 
1943,  the  annual  fees  for  all  active  nurses 
will  be  increased  from  two  to  five  dollars. 
Of  this  sum  two  dollars  will  be  the  registra- 
tion fee  as  previously  paid,  one  dollar  will 
cover  District  and  Chapter  fees,  and  the 
remaining  two  dollars  will  go  to  the  sup- 
port of  the  District  Nursing  Bureau.  If  there 
is  no  bureau  in  the  district  in  which,  the 
nurse  resides,  her  two  dollarg  will  then  go 
toward  the  support  of  the  provincial  place- 
ment service.  Private  duty  nurses  will  not  be 
expected  to  pay  any  additional  fee.  Nurses 
who  are  not  active,  but  still  wish  to  maintain 
their  registration,  will  be  required  to  pay 
only  three  dollars  to  cover  registration  and 
District  and  Chapter   fees. 

The  University  of  British  Columbia,  with 
the  assistance  of  Miss  Leahy  from  the  Uni- 
versity of  Washington,  offered  a  two-weeks 


course  in  supervision  for  public  health  nurses. 
Review  lectures  in  first  aid  planned  for 
nurses  offering  their  services  for  the  man- 
ning of  first  aid  posts  have  been  taken  by 
approximately  600  nurses. 

Manitoba  Association  of  Registered 
Nurses :  We  have  had  considerable  turnover 
in  nursing  personnel  in  all  branches  of  nurs- 
ing. General  duty  nurses  are  demanding  bet- 
ter living  and  working  conditions.  Low 
salaries,  long  hours  of  duty,  have  contri- 
buted to  the  spirit  of  unrest. 

The  M.A.R.N.  has  prepared  and  released 
a  Minimum  Curriculum  containing  require- 
ments for  registration  for  schools  of  nurs- 
ing in  Manitoba.  A  complete  set  of  school 
of  nursing  records  has  been  provided  for 
use  during  a  trial  period  of  three  years. 
Provincial  examinations  for  first-year  stu- 
dents have  been  established.  A  conference 
of  superintendents  of  nurses  was  held  when 
policies  regarding  schools  of  nursing  were 
considered  and  dealt  with.  A  committee  of 
administrators  prepared  an  outline  of  duties 
for   the  subsidiary  worker. 

The  present  Act  respecting  registration  for 
nurses  is  being  carefully  studied  with  a  view 
to  much  needed  revision.  An  attempt  was 
recently  made  by  a  member  of  the  Legis- 
lature to  amend  the  Act  which  would  have 
reduced  the  patient  daily  average  requirement 
for  a  hospital  conducting  a  school  of  nurs- 
ing from  20  to  5.  Due  to  the  excellent  co- 
operation of  every  member  of  the  Associa- 
tion, the  proposed  amendment  did  not  mate- 
rialize. 

The  committee  on  publicity  for  nurses  and 
nursing  has  increased  its  activities  consi- 
derably. Owing  to  the  need  for  extending 
the  services  of  the  Association,  the  annual 
fee  was  increased  from  $2  to  $3  per  year. 
An  assistant  to  the  executive  secretary  and 
school  of  nursing  adviser  has  been  appointed. 

Netv  Bruns-u'ick  Association  of  Registered 
Nurses:  The  total  membership  is  914.  Mem- 
bership in  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association 
is  restricted  to  active  resident  members  of 
the  provincial  association.  The  work  of  the 
Association  is  carried  on  by  the  Executive 
Council,  which  includes  in  its  membership 
all  conveners  of  sections  and  standing  com- 
mittees,   representative    from    each    Chapter 


SEPTEMBER,   1942 


730 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


and  representatives  from  districts  where  no 
Chapters  have  been  organized.  Private  duty 
nurses  who  are  Council  members  are  reim- 
bursed for  time  lost  due  to  attendance  at 
Council  meetings. 

Chapters  have  been  organized  in  Frederic- 
ton,  Moncton,  Saint  John  and  St.  Stephen. 
Meetings  are  usually  held  monthly  from  Oc- 
tober until  June.  Programmes  include  lec- 
tures on  professional  subjects,  reports  of 
sub-committees  and  of  the  representatives  to 
Council.  One  Chapter  operates  a  registry 
with  a  salaried  registrar  in  charge,  also  a 
sick  benefit  and  loan  fund;  others  have  fur- 
nished and  provide  for  the  upkeep  of  rooms 
in   local   hospitals. 

The  Association  has  opened  a  new  office 
in  the  Health  Centre,  Saint  John,  and  has 
placed  a  full-time  executive  secretary-treas- 
urer-registrar in  charge.  In  the  application 
of  the  new  Registered  Nurses  Act,  the  basis 
of  reciprocal  registration  was  found  too  lim- 
iting. Interchange  of  qualified  nurses  be- 
tween neighbouring  provinces  and  States 
remains  an  advantage  to  this  province  and 
the  new  Act  limited  those  eligible  to  nurses 
who  were  registered  under  Acts  which  had 
qualifications  equal  to  those  of  the  New 
Brunswick  Act.  An  amendment  to  this  phase 
of  the  Act  was  secured  this  year. 

Registered  Nurses  Association  of  Nova 
Scotia:  Membership  is,  at  present,  1090  paid- 
up  members,  an  increase  of  13%  over  that 
reported  at  the  last  Biennial  Meeting.  Grants 
are  made  to  each  Section  from  the  general 
funds  to  assist  the  members  of  these  Sec- 
tions, with  expenses  incurred  when  travelling 
to  attend  meetings.  As  a  war  measure  we 
admit,  for  the  duration,  nurses  eligible  for 
registration  on  the  payment  of  a  fee  of 
$2.50.  This  fee  does  not  entitle  a  member  to 
liold  office,  to  vote,  or  to  work  for  remune- 
ration —  they  are  associate  members  only. 
The  Nova  Scotia  Journal  of  Education  pub- ' 
lished,  at  our  request,  suggested  subjects 
(English,  History,  Science,  Mathematics, 
and  Latin)  for  prospective  nursing  students 
to  study  in  the  Provincial  Grade  XI  curri- 
culum. 

Applicants  from  a  foreign  country,  wish- 
ing to  train  in  Nova  Scotia,  but  unable  to 
produce  proof  of   educational  qualifications 


due  to  the  capitulation  of  their  native  coun- 
try, may  be  accepted  upon  presentation  of  a 
sworn  statement,  verified  by  the  Consul  of 
that  country.  Graduate  nurses  from  those 
same  countries,  wishing  to  become  registered 
by  reciprocity,  may  be  accepted  under  the 
same    regulations. 

Miss  Jenkins  was  appointed  convener  of 
the  newly  organized  War  Problems  Com- 
mittee which  already  has  done  much  valuable 
work. 

Registered  Nurses  Association  of  Ontario : 
Membership  for  the  current  year  up  to  May 
1  is  4,694. 

After  several  years  of  study  on  the  part 
of  the  Registry  Committee  it  was  decided 
that  existing  registries  could  be  re-organized 
and  new  registries  organized  to  conform  to  a 
uniform  standard.  The  Committee  presented 
a  plan  for  the  necessary  set-up  which  was 
mimeographed  and  circulated  so  that  exist- 
ing registry  boards  and  groups  of  nurses 
could  study  and  become  familiar  with  it. 
At  the  annual  meeting  in  1941,  a  registry 
organizer  was  appointed  to  bring  the  sug- 
gested plan  to  life  who,  when  requested, 
would  assist  existing  registries  to  re-or- 
ganize and  aid  groups  of  nurses  in  organiz- 
ing a  registry.  The  Registered  Nurses  Asso- 
ciation of  Ontario  assumed  the  full  respon- 
sibility of  the  salary  of  this  organizer,  and 
also  makes  allowances  for  the  travelling  and 
living  expenses  if  such  arrangements  are 
not  undertaken  by  the  local  registry  or  by  a 
group  of  nurses.  The  Board  of  Directors 
were  delighted  to  be  able  to  secure  the  serv- 
ices of  Miss  Madalene  Baker  for  this  im- 
portant task.  Miss  Baker  made  her  first 
trip  up  through  northern  Ontario  and  as 
far  west  as  Fort  William  in  March  when 
two  registries  were  organized.  One  large  cen- 
tral registry  has  re-organized  and  Miss  Ba- 
ker has  just  returned  from  a  trip  through 
the  eastern  part  of  the  Province.  In  every 
centre,  committees  were  formed  to  study 
the  question  and  many  are  following  the 
suggested  set-up  as  far  as  possible.  The  re- 
gistries recently  organized  or  re-organized 
are  in  almost  every  instance  using  the  uni- 
form standard  records  as  recommended  by 
the  Committee  and  which  may  be  obtained 
at  provincial  headquarters. 


Vol.  38,  No.  9 


PROVINCIAL    REPORTS 


731 


It  became  apparent  that  the  need  for  an 
experiment  in  the  training  of  practical  nurses 
was  necessary  in  order  to  fit  them  to  meet 
the  needs  of  the  Registry  to  give  service 
to  the  public.  A  plan  for  a  demonstration  in 
the  training  of  practical  nurses  was  pre- 
sented by  the  Board  of  the  London  Central 
Registry.  This  demonstration  was  approved 
by  the  Registered  Nurses  Association  of 
Ontario  which  also  gave  financial  assist- 
ance ;  it  was  also  approved  by  the  Council 
of  Nurse  Education.  Ten  students  completed 
this  course  and  were  required  to  sign  an 
agreement  to  identify  themselves  with  the 
London  Central  Registry  for  a  further  two 
years,  during  which  time  they  will  be  under 
supervision.  A  request  has  been  received 
from  the  Council  of  the  Toronto  Central 
Registry  Board  that  they  be  allowed  to  con- 
duct a  second  demonstration  in  the  training 
of  the  practical  nurses  under  the  same  plan. 
This  request  has  been  approved  by  the  As- 
sociation and  by  the  Council  of  Nurse  Edu- 
cation. 

Prince  Edzvard  Island  Registered  Nurses 
Association:  There  are  129  active  and  51 
inactive  members  in  good  standing  in  our 
Association.  A  large  percentage  have  joined 
some  branch  of  His  Majesty's  Forces.  We 
are  proud  that  the  patriotic  spirit  ig  so  mani- 
fest, but  regret  the  loss  of  so  many  exper- 
ienced members  from  the  Association — in  all 
a  total  of  27%  of  our  active  group. 

The  president  had  the  privilege  of  attend- 
ing the  conference  of  representatives  of 
University  Schools  of  Nursing  and  the  Exe- 
cutive Committee,  Canadian  Nurses  Associa- 
tion, in  Montreal.  The  discussion  gave  in- 
spiration to  all  attending  the  conferences. 
The  recommendations  arising  from  this  meet- 
ing have  been  the  subject  of  much  discus- 
sion at  our  provincial  meetings.  In  February 
1942,  Miss  Anna  Bennett,  instructor  of 
nurses  in  the  Prince  Edward  Island  Hos- 
pital, was  appoited  Provincial  Emergency 
Nursing  Adviser.  Two  more  subjects  have 
been  added  to  the  R.  N.  examinations,  thus 
making   a   total    of    eight   examinations. 

Due  to  the  loss  of  so  many  of  its  mem- 
bers, the  General  Nirrsing  Section  supple- 
mented with  married  nurses.  The  Public 
Health  Section  is  now  carrying  on  with  four 


field  workers  and  a  part-time  director.  Pro- 
vincial-wide diphtheria  immunizing  clinics 
are  being  held  in  each  school  district  and  the 
response  has  been  greater  than  at  any  pre- 
vious clinic.  School  inspection,  home  visits, 
tuberculin  skin  testing,  and  dental  clinics 
continue  to  keep  the  small  staff  busy. 

Association  of  Registered  Nurses  of  the 
ProT'ince  of  Quebec :  We  can  safely  claim 
as  our  most  outstanding  achievement  the  fact 
that  for  twenty-two  years  we  have  held 
together  and  contributed  considerably  to  our 
mutual  welfare  and  development,  and  pulled 
our  weight  in  matters  of  general  respon- 
sibility and  interest  in  Canada  as  a  whole, 
in  spite  of  the  fact  (or  perhaps  because  of 
it)  that  our  membership  consists  of  two 
distinct  language  groups,  who  do  not  un- 
derstand each  other  thoroughly  but  at  least 
endeavour  to  do  so.  The  total  membership 
is  5442,  10%  consisting  of  sisters  of  reli- 
gious orders  involving  15  different  com- 
munities. 

To  offet  the  shortage  in  nurses,  we 
have  solicited  the  co-operation  of  married 
and  inactive  nurses,  many  of  whom  have 
taken  refresher  courses  and  have  signified 
their  willingness  to  return  to  duty  if  and 
when  the  need  arises.  Our  Board  has  made 
definite  recommendations  to  our  Provincial 
Government,  through  the  Hospital  Commis- 
sion, regarding  working  conditions,  hours 
of  service,  and  salaries  and  opportunities  for 
advancement  for  the  general  duty  group. 

Because  of  the  shortage  of  applications, 
an  intensive  campaign  to  stimulate  interest 
in  nursing  has  been  carried  out  by  instruc- 
tors and  public  health  nurses  who  have  ad- 
dressed students  in  high  schools,  and  col- 
leges where  the  co-operation  extended  by  the 
principals  and  students  has  been  most  help- 
ful and  encouraging.  Plans  have  been  made 
with  the  provincial  department  of  education 
whereby  high  school  pupils  may  enter  into 
a  competitive  essay  plan,  prizes  for  which 
will  be  awarded  by  our  Association.  The 
essays  are  to  be  concerned  with  the  life  and 
work  of  Jeanne  Mance. 

Saskatchezvati  Registered  Nurses  Associa- 
tion :  There  has  been  a  steady  increase  in 
the    membership    and    there    are    now    1218 


SBPTEMfiER.  1942 


732 


THE     CANADIAN    NURSE 


members.  The  arrangement  whereby  it  has 
been  possible  for  the  President  of  this  As- 
sociation, as  a  representative  from  adjacent 
provinces,  to  attend  the  Executive  Meetings 
of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association  has  been 
most  helpful. 

In  January  of  this  year,  the  Registrar, 
Miss  Kathleen  W.  Ellis,  was  temporarily 
released  from  her  duties  to  become  Emer- 
gency Nursing  Adviser  for  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association.  Mrs.  C.  Christilaw  has 
carried  on  efficiently  as  acting  registrar  dur- 
ing her  absence.  The  Saskatchewan  Regis- 
tered Nurses  Association  willingly  co-oper- 
ated in  this  arrangement  as  it  was  felt  that 
it  would  be  of  definite  national  assistance 
at  this  time. 


A  special  appeal  is  being  made  to  all 
nurses  to  consider  the  desirability  of  con- 
tinuing in  their  present  positions  for  at  least 
a  year.  Many  days  of  nursing  service  are 
lost  in  travel  and  change  of  position.  Every 
opportunity  is  being  used  to  bring  to  the 
attention  of  Boards  of  Directors  in  Hos- 
pitals their  special  responsibilities  in  rela- 
tion to  the  desirability  of  providing  rea- 
sonable hours  of  duty  and  good  working  and 
living  conditions  for  nurses  even  in  the  pre- 
sent crisis. 

The  organization  of  the  Association  into 
districts  and  chapters  is  now  in  progress  and 
will  tend  to  unify  and  strengthen  the  pro- 
fessional group  in  this  province  at  a  time 
when  unity  of  effort  is  most  essential. 


Victorian  Order  of  Nurses  for  Canada 


The  following  are  the  staff  appointments 
to,  transfers,  and  resignations  from  the 
Victorian  Order  of  Nurses  for  Canada : 

Miss  Mary  Morrison,  a  graduate  of  Ho- 
tel-Dieu  Hospital,  Kingston,  and  of  the 
course  in  public  health  nursing.  University 
of  Western  Ontario,  has  been  appointed  to 
the  Kingston  staff. 

Miss  Maxiine  li'ard,  a  graduate  of  the 
Royal  Victoria  Hospital,  Montreal,  and  of 
the  course  in  public  health  nursing,  Univer- 
sity of  Western  Ontario,  has  been  appointed 
to  the  Kitchener  staff. 

Miss  Helen  I.  Carr,  a  graduate  of  the 
University  of  Toronto  School  of  Nursing, 
has  been  appointed  to  the  Toronto  staff. 

Miss  Henrietta  Kerr,  who  has  been  on 
leave  of  absence  from  the  Victorian  Order 
of  Nurses  for  Canada  and  who  has  recently 
completed  the  public  health  nursing  course 
at  the  University  of  Toronto,  has  been  ap- 
pointed nurse-in-charge  of  the  Sydney 
Branch. 

Miss  Mary  Van  Zoost,  a  graduate  of  the 
Children's  Hospital,  Halifax,  and  of  the 
public  health  nursing  course,  University  of 
Toronto,  has  been  appointed  to  the  Halifax 
staff. 


Miss  Lucille  Bcaiidet,  a  graduate  of  St. 
Joseph's  Hospital,  Riviere  du  Loup,  and  of 
the  public  health  nursing  course,  University 
of  Montreal,  has  been  appointed  to  the  Otta- 
wa staff. 

Miss  Margaret  Ross,  a  graduate  of  the 
Children's  Hospital,  Halifax,  and  of  the 
public  health  nursing  course,  McGill  School 
for  Graduate  Nurses,  has  been  appointed  to 
the  Pictou  staff. 

Miss  Eva  Wheeler,  a  graduate  of  the 
University  of  Alberta  Hospital,  and  of  the 
course  in  public  health  nursing,  University 
of  Alberta,  has  been  appointed  to  the  Saska- 
toon staff. 

Miss  Esme  Murphy,  a  graduate  of  St.  Mi- 
chael's Hospital,  Toronto,  and  of  the  public 
health  nursing  course.  University  of  Toron- 
to, has  been  appointed  to  the  York  Town- 
ship staff. 

Miss  Grace  Macpherson,  a  graduate  of  the 
Victoria  Hospital,  London,  and  of  the  course 
in  public  health  nursing.  University  of  West- 
ern Ontario,  has  been  appointed  to  the  Ha- 
milton staff. 

Mrs.  Mary  Hill,  who  resigned  from  the 
Canso  Branch,  has  been  reappointed  nurse- 
in-charge  of  the  Canso  Branch. 


Vol.  38.  No.  9 


"Nurse,  no  girl 

should  be  without 

Z.B.T.  with 


Olive  Oil 


M 


Z.B.T.  protects  better  against  chafing, 
helps  keep  baby  more  comfortable 

NURSE,  just  feel  that  extra-smooth,  silky  "slip" 
when  you  rub  Z.B.T.  between  your  fingers. 
That  is  how  Z.B.T.  Powder  with  Olive  Oil  acts 
in  tender  skin  folds.  That  is  the  reason  for  its  better 
protection  against  chafing. 

Z.B.T.  promotes  the  healing  of  prickly  heat, 
diaper  rash  and  similar  minor  skin  irritations.  And 
this  moisture- resistant,  long- clinging  powder  with 
olive  oil  guards  baby  more  effectively  against  wet 
diapers  and  perspiration. 

It  will  cost  you  nothing  to  try  Z.B.T.  Powder  — 
to  prove  to  yourself  its  many  advantages  in  infant 
and  adult  skin  care.  Clip  the  coupon  below  for  your 
free  professional  package. 


FREE!       The  Centaur  Company,  Depc  D-92,  1019  Elliott  St.  W.,  Windsor,  Ont. 
Please  send  free  professional  package  of  Z.B.T.  to: 

Name . 


Address- 
City 


-Prov.. 


733 


734 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


WANTED 

Applications  are  invited  from  registered  nurses  for  General  Duty  in 
a  Tuberculosis  Sanatorium  of  360  beds.  When  writing  please  state  previous 
experience,  age,  etc.  The  salary  offered  is  $65  a  month,  with  full  maintenance. 

Address    applications    to: 
Miss  M.  L.  Buchanan,  Superintendent  of  Nurses,  Royal  Edward   Laurentian 
Hospital  (Ste.  Agathe  Division),  Ste.  Agathe  des  Monts,  P.Q. 

(Formerly  —  The  Laurevtian  Sanatorium) 


WANTED 

Applications  are  invited  for  the  position  of  Operating  Room  Supervisor 
in  the  Moose  Jaw  General  Hospital.  This  Hospital  has  a  capacity  of  180  beds, 
and  a  very  active  surgical  department. 
For  further  information  apply  to: 

The  Superintendent  of  Nurses,  Moose  Jaw  General  Hospital,  Moose  Jaw,  Sask. 


Miss  Inez  Rickinson  has  been  transferred 
from  the  Timmins  Branch  to  the  Peninsula 
Branch  as  nurse-in-charge. 

Miss  Rita  MichMud  has  resigned  from  the 
Lachine   Branch  to  be  married. 

Mrs.  Rex  Alexandre  (Isabelle  Morton) 
has  resigned  from  the  Halifax  staff. 

Miss  Margaret  McLachlan  has  resigned 
from  the  Cornwall  Branch  to  take  up  other 
work. 


A[rs.  Ruth  ViUcncuve  has  resigned  from 
the   Cornwall  Branch. 

Miss  Dorothy  Piche  has  resigned  from 
the  North  Bay  Branch  to  be  married. 

Miss  Miiutte  Cote  has  resigned  from  the 
Ottawa  Branch  to  take  a  position  with  the 
St.  John  Ambulance. 

Miss  Elsie  King  has  resigned  from  the 
Montreal    Branch. 


Ontario  Public  Health  Nursing  Service 


Miss  Mabel  Fairfield  (Buffalo  City  Hos- 
pital and  New  York  University  public  health 
nursing  course)  has  accepted  a  position  as 
public  health  nurse  with  the  Board  of  Edu- 
cation, Kingston.  She  succeeds  Miss  Ger- 
trude MacLean,  who  is  on  military  service. 

Miss  Nora  Hanna  (St.  Luke's  Hospital, 
New  York  City,  and  University  of  Toronto 
public  health  nursing  course)  has  resigned 
h?r  position  with  the  Orillia  Board  of 
Health  to  accept  a  similar  post  in  Weston. 
She  has  been  succeeded  in  Orillia  by  Miss 
Phyllis  Thomson  (Harper  Hospital,  Detroit, 
and  University  of  Western  Ontario  public 
health   nursing   course)    who   was    formerly 


with  the  Board  of  Health,  Fort  Frances. 

Miss  Ethel  Gordon  (Winnipeg  General 
Hospital  and  University  of  Toronto  public 
health  nursing  course)  has  resigned  from 
the  Victorian  Order  of  Nurses,  Woodstock, 
and  has  accepted  a  position  as  public  health 
nurse  with  the  Board  of  Education.  Belle- 
ville. 

Miss  Edith  Thorn f^son  (Toronto  General 
Hospital  and  University  of  Toronto  public 
health  nursing  course)  has  accepted  a  posi- 
tion with  Defence  Industries,   Pickering. 

Miss  Florence  E.  Carter  (University  of 
Alberta  Hospital  and  University  of  To- 
ronto public  health  nursing  course)   has  ac- 


Vol.  38.  No.  9 


M.  L.  I.e.    NURSING    SERVICE 


cepted  a  position  with  the  East  York  Town- 
ship  Board  of   Health. 

Miss  Jean  Birch  (Toronto  General  Hos- 
pital and  University  of  Toronto  public 
health  nursing  course)  has  been  appointed 
public  health  nurse  for  the  Town  of  Walla- 
ceburg. 

Miss  Marion  Woodside  (Toronto  General 
Hospital  and  University  of  Toronto  under- 
graduate course)  who  was  formerly  on  the 
staff  of  the  East  York  Township  Board  of 
Health,  has  been  appointed  by  the  Ottawa 
Collegiate   Board. 


M.LI.C.  Nursing  Service 

Miss  Ina  Dickie  (Hamilton  General  Hos- 
pital, 1938.  and  University  of  Western  On- 
tario public  health  nursing  course,  1942) 
has  been  appointed  to  the  Metropolitan  Nurs- 
ing Staff  and  will  take  over  the  nursing 
service  in  Fort  William  and  Port  Arthur. 

Miss  Madeleine  Cadieux  (Sacred  Heart 
Hospital,  Hull,  1940,  and  University  of 
Toronto  public  health  nursing  course,  1942) 
has  been  appointed  to  the  Metropolitan  Nurs- 
ing Staff  and  has  taken  up  her  duties  at 
the   Mount   Royal   Office,   Montreal. 

Miss  Jeanne  Gagncn  (Hopital  de  I'Enfant 
Jesus.  Quebec,  1940)  has  been  appointed  to 
the  Mount  Royal   Staff. 

Miss  Marie  Reine  Boulanger  (St.  Sacre- 
ment  Hospital,  Quebec,  1936,  and  University 
of    Montreal    public    health    nursing    course, 

1939)  has  been  appointed  as  a  Metropolitan 
nurse  and  at  present  is  on  the  Mount  Royal 
Staff. 

Miss  Alice  Girard  (St.  Vincent  de  Paul 
Hospital,  Sherbrooke,  1931,  and  University 
of    Toronto    public    health    nursing    course, 

1940)  who  was  given  an  academic  year's 
leave  of  absence  to  complete  her  Degree  of 
Bachelor  of  Science  in  Nursing  at  the  Ca- 
tholic University  of  America,  Washington, 
to  help  qualify  her  for  the  position  of  Di- 
rector of  the  School  of  Public  Health  Nurs- 
ing, University  of  Montreal,  in  the  hope 
that  she  might  be  appointed  to  this  position, 
has  resigned  as  a  result  of  receiving  this 
appointment. 


"GEE,  NURSE!  I'M  GLAD  YOU 

USE   PALMOLIVE   HERE   .   .   . 

WE  USE  IT  AT  HOME!" 


■^ 


Nurses  and  Patients  Agree: 

PALMOLIVE 

makes   bathing   more   pleasant 

WISE  in  patient  care,  nurses 
know  that,  because  Palm- 
olive  IS  made  with  the  costliest 
blend  of  soothing  Olive  and  Palm 
Oils,  it  leaves  patients  cleansed  to 
a  fragrant  daintiness  .  .  .  with  skin 
refreshed  and  soothed.  They  know, 
too,  that  Palmolive  is  a  natural 
soap,  free  of  animal  fats,  artificial 
colourings  and  bleaches.  Exper- 
ience has  proved  to  them  that 
Palmolive's  extra  kind,  extra  gen- 
tle lather  is  agreeable  to  even  the 
most  sensitive  skin. 


PALMOLIVE 

is    one    of    the 
''little  thinga'*  I 
patients      call 
important   ! 


More  patients  use  Palmolive  at  home 

than  any  other  leading  beauty  soap! 

V J 


SEPTEMBER,   1942 


735 


The  Ideal  Dietary  Sweet 


"CROWN  B«RAND"  and  "LILY 
WHITE"  furnish  maximum 
energy  with  a  minimum  diges- 
tive effort — and  contain  a 
lorge  percentage  of  Dextrose 
end  Maltose.  That  is  why  they 
are  used  so  successfully  for 
infant  feeding. 

These  famous  Syrups  are  scien- 
tifically manufactured  under  the 
most  hygienic  conditions  .  .  . 
they  are  the  purest  corn  syrups 
obtainable  and  can  be  prescribed 
with   assured   good   results. 


'CROWN  BRAND'CORN  SYRUP 
ond  LILY  WHITE^'CORN  SYRUP 

Manufactured  by  THE  CANADA  STARCH  COMPANY  United 


NEWS   NOTES 


ONTARIO 

Stratford : 

The  graduation  exercises  of  the  School  of 
Nursing  of  the  Stratford  General  Hospital 
were  held  recently  with  19  students  graduat- 
ing. Prof.  Landon,  of  the  University  of 
Western  Ontario,  was  the  guest  speaker. 

Miss  Gladys  West  (1937)  has  arrived 
safely  in  South  Africa. 


QUEBEC 


McG'tll  School  jar  Graduate  Nurses: 

It  is  interesting  to  note  the  location  of  the 
students  of  session  1941-1942;  appointments 
have  been  received  as  follows :  Evelyn  Ar- 
cher to  the  staff  of  the  Vancouver  General 
Hospital ;  Margaret  Campbell  as  instructor 
at  the  Moncton  Hospital ;  Margot  P.  Carson 


as  instructor  at  the  Roval  Columbian  Hos- 
pital, New  Westminster,  B.C.;  Ella  Cassidv 
to  the  staff  of  the  Child  Welfare  Associa- 
tion, Montreal;  Dorothy  Dick  to  the  staff 
of  the  Health  Department,  City  of  Winni- 
peg; Eleanor  Eraser  to  the  staff  of  the 
Victorian  Order  of  Nurses,  Montreal;  Edith 
Kemp  to  the  staff  of  the  Provincial  Hospi- 
tal, Brandon,  Manitoba;  Elizabeth  Lea,  Ru- 
ral Eield,  Provincial  Health  Department, 
Alberta;  Helen  Leak  as  instructor  at  the 
Hospital  for  Sick  Children,  Toronto ;  Hester 
Lusted  to  the  staff  of  the  Victorian  Order 
of  Nurses,  Winnipeg;  Elizabeth  Lvster  as 
assistant  head  nurse  in  the  Outpatient  De- 
partment. Royal  Victoria  Hospital,  Mont- 
real; Lillian  MacKenzie  to  the  staff  of  the 
Health  Department,  City  of  Winnipeg;  Rav 
McKenzie,  Rural  Field,  Red  Cross  Outpos't 
Nursing  Service;  Nancie  Methuen,  Rural 
Field  Health  Unit,  Stettler.  Alberta;  Mrs. 
George  F.  Harvey   (Irene  Meyer)  as  super- 


736 


Vol.  38,  No.  9 


NEWS  NOTES 


73? 


visor  at  St.  Mary's  Hospital,  Montreal; 
Mrs.  Lauretta  Xavlor  as  instructor  at  Saint 
John  Genera]  Hospital;  Jeannette  Parent. 
Rural  Field.  Provincial  Health  Department. 
Kerrobert,  Saskatchewan;  Bertha  Reid  to 
the  staff  of  the  Health  Department,  City  ot 
Hamilton,  Ontario;  Betsy  Reierson  to  the 
staff  of  the  Regina  General  Hospital;  Ca- 
therine Ross  to  the  staff  of  the  \  ictorian 
Order  of  Nurses.  Winnipeg;  Margaret  P. 
Ross  to  the  staff  of  the  Victorian  order  ot 
Nurses,  Pictou,  N.S.;  Margaret  Street  as 
instructor.  Misecordia  Hospital,  Winnipeg; 
Margaret  Trueman  to  the  staff  of  the  \  ic- 
torian Order  of  Nurses,  Montreal;  Julia 
Walters  to  the  staff  of  the  Vancouver  Gen- 
eral Hospital:  Katherine  Weatherhead  to 
the  staff  of  the  Winnipeg  General  Hospital : 
Marv  Wilson  to  the  staff  of  the  Provincial 
Department  of  Health,  Manitoba;  Frances 
Winchester  to  the  staff  of  the  Victorian 
Order  of   Nurses,   Montreal. 

Bessie  Jackson  (Public  Health  1941)  has 
resigned  from  the  staff  of  the  Victorian 
Order  of  Nurses.  Montreal,  and  accepted  an 
appointment  on  the  teaching  staff  of  the 
Ottawa  Civic  Hospital.  Clare  B.  Franckum 
(Public  Health  1940)  has  resigned  from  the 
staff  of  the  Health  Department,  City  of 
Montreal,  and  has  accepted  an  appointment 
with  the  Protestant  School  Board  Health 
Service    for   Teachers,   Montreal. 

Married:   Recently.  Irene   Meyer    (Teach- 
ing and  Supervision  1942)  to  George  F.  Har- 
vey. 
Montreal  General  Hospital : 

Miss  Jean  Ross  (1938)  and  Miss  MacKen- 
zie  (1941)  are  engaged  in  dustrial  nursing  in 
a  large  manufacturing  plant  in  Montreal. 
The  Misses  Siddons-Grev  (1933),  Ruth  Scott 
(1939).  V.  R.  Umphrey  (1937)  and  Shirley 
Laughlan  (1941)  have  joined  the  R.C.A.M.C. 
as  Nursing  Sisters.  Mrs.  Johnston  (Marion 
Baxter,  1932)  is  relieving  in  the  out-patients 
department   for  the  summer  months. 

The  following  marriages  have  recently 
taken  place :  Barbara  Eardley-Wilmot 
(1938)  to  Leading  Aircraftman  John  F.  Carr 
R.C.A.F. ;  Allison  Laite  (1941)  to  Sergeant 
Gordon  MacXaughton  R.C.A.F. :  Elizabeth 
Gaskin  (1939)  to  2nd  Lieut.  Walter  D. 
Stewart  R.C.A.S.C. ; 

Royal  Victoria  Hospital : 

Miss  Margaret  Baillie  (1940)  is  with  the 
R.C.A.M.C.  at  Kingston.  Miss  Eleanor  111- 
sey  (1942)  is  now  in  charge  of  Ward  E 
(women's  medical).  Miss  Duthie  Hudson 
and  Miss  Doris  Wilkinson  are  on  the  staff 
of  the  Arvida  Hospital.  Miss  Frances  Mac- 
donald  (1938)  had  been  appointed  assistant 
superintendent  at  \'ictoria  General  Hospital. 
Halifax.  Nursing  Sister  Margaret  Smith 
has  been  promoted  to  be  Matron,  and  Sister 
Dorothv  Riches  to  be  Principal  Matron. 
R.C.A.M.C.  Overseas. 

SEPTEMBER,   1942 


A  time-  pro- 
ven reliab'.e 
relieving  pid 
for  infant's  simple  constipation,  teething  fe- 
vers, stom-ch  upsets.  A  boon  to  mothers  and 
nurses  as  an  evacuant  in  the  digestive  dis- 
turbances which  often  rccompany  teething 
or  which  sometimes  follow  a  change  of  food, 
where  prompt  yet  gentle  elimination  is  de- 
sirablp.  Svmtjathetic  to  baby's  delicate  sys- 
tem. No  opiates  of  any  kind.  Over  40  years 
of  ever-increasing  use  speak  highly  for  their 
effectiveness. 


Your  White  Shoes 
Deserve  It 

Nugget  WhJte  Dressing  will 
keep  them  neat  and  trim,  al- 
ways  looking   their  best. 

Nugget  is  also  available  in 
Black,  Blue  and  all  shades  of 
Brown. 


iVUGGET 

WHITE  DRESSING 


(the   crke   in    the   non-ruft   tin) 


738 


THE    CANADIAN   NURSE 


TESTED 
NURSING  TEXTBOOKS 


NIGHT  NURSING 

By  Catherine  E.  Reilly,  A  student's  text- 
book coverinK  the  specialized,  modern  tech- 
nique of   night   nursing.   S2.50 

THE  ART  AND  SCIENCE 
OF  NURSING 

By  Ella  L.  Rothweiler,  aJid  Jean  M.  White, 

Arranged  in  ten  units,  each  containing 
several  chapters,  this  text  covei-s  the  essen. 
tial  subjects  taught  in  schools  of  nursing 
today.    $4.40 

NEUROLOGIC   NURSING 

By    Nicholas    Gotten,    and    Letitia    Wilson, 

This  leading  text  discusses  all  conditions 
and  manifestations  of  the  nervous  system 
indispensable  in  the  basic  instruction  of 
nurses.    .?3.75 


THE   RYERSON   PRESS 

TORONTO 


For  Those 
Who  Prefer  The  Best 


WHITE  TUBE  CREAM 

will 

Moke  Your  Shoes  Lost   Longer 

Give    A    Whiter    Finish 

Prove  More  Economical  To  Us3. 

Mode  in  Canada 

For  Sale  At  All  Good  Shoe  Stores 
From    Coast    to    Coost. 


The  following  marriages  took  place  re- 
cently: Ruth  Pyper  (R.V.H.  1938)  to  Dr. 
Alan      Bourne;      Vivian     Powers      (R.V  H 

(1940)  to   Cadet   W.    Paul   Landrv;    Phillis 
Hartney     (R.V.H.     1941)  '  to    Ensign    Ray 
Ford,  United  States  Naval   Reserve. 
Quebec  City: 

Jeffery  Haters  Hosfital: 

Miss  B.  O'Neill  (1942)  has  accepted  the 
position  of  supervisor  in  the  men's  medical 
and  surgical  wards.  Miss  M.  Jones  (1941) 
has  returned  from  Montreal  and  is  now 
supervisor  of  the  maternity  floor.  Miss  G. 
Martin  (1941)  will  take  the  course  in  teach- 
ing and  supervision  at  the  AIcGill  School 
for   Graduate   Nurses.    Miss    N.    Humphries 

(1941)  has  accepted  the  position  of  operat- 
ing room  supervisor  temporarily.  Miss  ^I. 
Wilson  (1941)  has  joined  the  Xiirsing  Serv- 
ice, R.C.A.AI.C. 


SASKATCHEWAN 

Saskatoon: 

Miss  Mildred  McLeod  (S.C.H.,  1942)  has 
been  appointed  secrctarv  to  Miss  Kathleen 
W.  Ellis,  Registrar  of  the  S.R.N.A.  Miss 
McLeod  replaces  Miss  Dufty,  who  has  en- 
tered the  military  nursing  service. 

Recently  we  received  the  gift  of  twelve 
volumes  of  the  Journal  from  Miss  Mary 
Sewall  of  Stockton,  California;  the  years 
1918-1926  and  1929-1931  are  bautifully  bound 
in  blue  cloth  covers.  The  Saskatchewan  Re- 
gistered Nurses  Association  now  proudly 
possesses  all  copies  of  The  Canadian  Nurse 
from  January,  1918  to  the  present  time.  We 
are  greatly  indebted  to  Miss  Sewall  for  her 
very  generous  gift. 

Melfort: 

Lady  Minto  Hospital: 

The  staff  of  the  Lady  Minto  Hospital  wa^ 
well  pleased  with  the  interest  given  to  "The 
Advance  in  Nursing"  exhibit  which  they  had 
on  display.  Included  in  the  exhibit  were 
photos  of  the  following  former  members  of 
the  nursing  staff  now  serving  in  Canada 
and  overseas:  Flight-Lieut.  Margaret  Whil- 
lans,  R.C.A.F.  Nursing  Service,  Yorkton ; 
Nursing  Sisters  Muriel  Clift,  Bettv  Rodger, 
Patricia  McCarthy,  all  with  the  R.C.A.M.C, 
Xo.  8  Canadian  General  Hospital,  somewhere 
in  England ;  Nursing  Sister  Monica  Waters, 
of  the  Red  Cross  Orthopedic  Unit  in  Scot- 
land. 

A  lawn  social,  sponsored  by  the  married 
and  inactive  nurses  in  aid  of  the  British 
Xurses  Relief  Fund,  was  held  recently  in  the 
grounds  of  the  Lady  Minto  Hospital. 

Married :  Recently,  Miss  Adelheit  GrosS 
(Regina  General  Hospital,  1940)  to  Mr. 
Paul  Wiemken. 

Vol.  38.  No.  9 


Official  Directory 

International  Council  of  Nurses 
Acting  Executive  Secretary,   Miss  Calista   F.   Banwarth,    310   Cedar   Street,   New   Haven 

Connecticut,  U.S.A. 

THE  CANADIAN  NURSES  ASSOCIATION 

President     Miss  Marion  Lindeburgh,   3406  University  St.,  Montreal.  P.  Q. 

Past  President     Miss  Grace  M.  Fairley.  Vancouver  General  Hospital,  Vancouver,  B.C. 

First  Vice-President      Miss   Marjorie   Buck,    Norfolk   General    Hospital,    Simcoe,    Ont. 

Second  Vice-President     Miss  Fanny  Munroe,  Royal  Victoria  Hospital,   Montreal,  P.  Q. 

Honourary  Secretary       Miss   Rae   Chittick,   815 — 18th   Ave.   W..   Calgary,   Alta. 

Honourary  Treasurer Miss  Marjorie  Jenkins,  Children's  Hospital,   Halifax,  N.S. 

COUNCILLORS  AND  OTHER   MEMBERS  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 

NumeraU    indicate    office    held:    (1)    President,    Provincial    Nurses    Association', 

{i)Ckairmany  Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing  Section;    (S)    Chairman,  Public 

Health    Section;     U)    Chairman,    General    Nursing    Section. 

Alberta:    (1)  Miss  Rae  Chittick,  8l5-18th  Ave.  W.,  D.  Acton,  Kingston  General  Hospital;   (3)   Miss 

Calgary;    (2)  Miss  Gena  Bamforth,  Royal  Alex-  Winnifred    Ashplant,    s07    Waterloo    St.,    Lon- 

andra    Hospital.    Edmonton;     (3)    Miss    Helen  don;     (I)    Miss    Dorothy    Ogilvie,    34    Gilchrist 

Garfield,  713-3rd  St.  E.,  Calgary;    (4)  Miss  An-  St.,    Ottawa. 

~ie  Carlson,    112-10th   Ave.  N.  W..  Calgary.  Prince    Edward    Island:    (1)    Miss    K.    MacLennan, 

_  ..  ,    ^  ,      ,.       ,   ,   ,,.      ,,    .^    --.  ,,    ,„„,  TTT     L  Provincial  Sanatorium.  Charlottetown ;   (2)  Miss 

British  Columbia:   (1)  Miss  M.  Duf field,  16.5  West  Georgie   Brown,   Prince   County   Hospital.   Sum- 

10th  Ave.,  Vancouver;    '2)   Miss  F    McQuarne,  merside;    (3)    Miss    M.    Darling,    Alberton ;    (4) 

Vancouver     General     Hospital;     (3)     Miss     F.  j^jjgg    j)     Hennessey,    Charlottetown     Hospital, 

.nnes.   1922   Adanac  St..   Vancouver;    (4)    Mrs,  nmrinHpfnwn 

E.  B.  Thomson,  1095  West  14th  St..  Vancouver.  (-"anoiieiown. 

Quebec:     (1)    Miss    Eileen    Flanagan,    3801    Uni- 

Manitoba:  '1)  Mrs.  A.  C.  McFetridge,  418  Camp-  versity  St.,  Montreal;  '2)  Miss  Winnifred  Mac- 
bell  St.,  Winnipeg;  (2)  Miss  D.  Ditchfield,  Lean,  Royal  Victoria  Hospital,  Montreal;  (3) 
Children's  Hospital,  Winnipeg;  (3)  Miss  E.  Miss  Kathleen  Dickson,  Royal  Edward  Insti- 
Rowjett,  125  Nassau  St.,  AV'innipeg;  (4)  Miss  tute,  Montreal;  (4)  Miss  Anne-Marie  Robert, 
E.    Campbell,    778    Ingersoll    St.,    Winnipeg.  5434A   St.   Denis  St.,  Montreal. 

.,        _          .  ,        /,>£.!.        v           tj  I  1    iM  Saskatchewan:    (1)    Miss    M.  R.    Diederichs,    Grey 

New    Brun.wick:     (1)    Sister    Kerr     Hotel    Dieu  j^^y^g,  Hospital,  Regina;    (2)   Rev.  Sister  Man- 

HospitaL  Campbellton;   (2)  Miss  Marion  Myers.  ^^       ^^    p^^,,^  Hospital     Saskatoon;    (3)   Miss 

wn,  "^  Hr«i?h    rlnlr^°'<?„' n  '  i^L^Z^iAi^  ' '^^dys    McDonald,    6    Mayfair   Apts.,    Regina; 

tJrft   ^    K^^  ^tfLJlL     M^; J«n  •        ^-i)    Miss    M.    R.    Chisholm,    805-7th    Avef  N., 

Myrtle    E-    Kay,    21    Austin    St.,   Moncton.  Saskatoon 

Nova    Scotia:     (1)     Miss    M.    Jenkins,     Children's  Chairmen.   National   Sections:    Hospital   and   School 

Hospital,    Halifax;    (2)    Sister   Mary   Peter,   St.  of   Nuising:    Miss   Miriam    L.    Gibson,    Hospital 

Martha's    Hospital.    Antigonish;    (3)    Miss  Jean  for  Sick  Children.  Toronto,  Ont.  Public  Health: 

Forbes,   314   Rov   Bldg..   Halifax;    (4)    Miss  M.  Miss    Lyle    Creelman,    2570    Spruce    St.,    Van- 

Ripley,  46  Dublin  St.,  Halifax.  couver.    B.C.   General   Nursing:   Miss   Madalene 

Baker.    249    Victoria    St.,    London,    Ont.    Con- 
Ontario:    '1)    Miss    Mildred    I.  Walker,     Institute  vener,   Committee  on   Nursing  Blucation:   Miss 
of    Public    Health,    London;    '2)    Miss    Louise  E.  K.  Russell.  7  Queen's  Park,  Toronto,  Ont. 

Executive  Secretary:   Mis»  Jean  S.  Wilton,   National   Office,    1411    Creicent   St.,   Montreal,   P.Q. 
OFFICERS   OF   SECTIONS   OF    CANADIAN    NURSES    ASSOCIATION 

Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing  Section  Councillors:   Alberta:    Miss   A.   Carlson,    112-1  oth 

Ave.    N.    W.,    Calgary.    British    Columbia:     Mrs. 

Chairman:   Miss  Miriam   L.   Gibson,   Hospital  for  E.  B.  Thomson,  1095  West  14th  St.,  Vancouver. 

Sick  Children,  Toronto,   Ont.   First   Vice-Chair-  Manitoba:   Miss  E.  Campbell,  778  Ingersoll  St., 

man:    Miss    Eva    McNally,    General    Hospital,  Winnipeg.  New  Brunswick:  Miss  Myrtle  E.  Kay, 

Brandon,  Man.  Second  Vice-Chairman :  Miss  M.  21    Austin   St..  Moncton.     Nova  Scotia:  Miss   M. 

Batson,   Montreal   General   Hospital.    Secretary'-  Ripley,    46    Dublin    St.,    Halifax.    Ontario:    Miss 

Treasurer:  Miss  Flora  MacLellan,  Ontario  Hos-  D.  Ogilvie.   34  Gilchrist  Ave.,  Ottawa.       Prince 

pital.    New   Toronto,    Ont.    '  Edward  Island:   Miss  Dorothy  Hennessey,  Char- 
lottetown     Hospital.      Charlottetown.      Quebec: 

Councillors:    Alberta:    Miss    G.    Bamforth,    Royal  ^J'ss  A.  M.  Robert,   5484A  St.  Denis  St.,  Mont- 
Alexandra   Hospital,    Edmonton.    British   Colum-  real.    Saskatchewan:    Miss   M.    R.    Chisholm,    805- 
bia:    Miss   F.    McQuarrie,     Vancouver    General  7th    Ave.    N.,    Saskatoon. 
Hospital.    Manitoba:    Miss    D.    Ditchfield.    Child-  n    i.;-      tr      i  t    c 
ren's  Hospital,  Winnipeg.  New  Brunswick:  Miss  fubltc   tlealtn   oectton 
Marion    Myers.    Saint    John    Genera;    Hospital.  „                     »x-       t      />       i             ^^..^    c-              c^ 
Nova   Scotia:    Sister    Mary   Peter.    St.    Martha's  Chairman:    Miss    L.    Creelman,    2570    Spruce    St., 
Hospital,    Antigonish.   Ontario:    Miss   L.    D.    Ac-  Vancouver,     B.     C.     Vice-Chairman :     Mile     A. 
ton,  Kingston  General  Hospital.  Prince  Edward  Martineau.    Dept.    of    Health,    Montreal,    P.    Q. 
Island:    Miss    Georgie    Brown,    Prince    County  Secretary-Treasurer:     Mrs.     G.     Langton.     Uni- 
Hospital,  Summerside.    Quebec:  Miss  Winnifred  versity   of  British   Columbia,   Vancouver,   B.   C. 
MacLean.    Royal    Victoria    Hospital,    Montreal.  Couxcillors:    Alberta:    Miss   Helen    Garfield,    713- 
Saskatchewan:     Reverend     Sister     Mandin,     St.  3rd  St.  E.,  Calgary.    British   Columbia:    Miss    F. 
Paul's   Hospital,   Saskatoon.  Innes,    1922   Adanac  St.,   Vancouver.   Manitoba: 

Miss    E.    Rowlett.    125    Nassau    St.,    Winnipeg. 

General  Nursing  Section  N^*'  Brunswick:  Miss  A.  Burns.  Health  Centre, 

Saint    John.    Nova    Scotia:    Miss    Jean    Forbes, 

Chair-man:  Miss  M.  Baker,  249  Victoria  St.,  Lon-  314  Roy  Bldg.,  Halifax.  Ontario:  Miss  W.  Ash- 
don,  Ont.  First  Vice-Chairman :  Miss  P.  Brown-  plant,  807  Waterloo  St.,  London.  Prince  Ed- 
ell,  212  Balmoral  St.,  Winnipeg,  Man.  Second  ward  Island:  Miss  Margaret  Darling,  Alberton. 
Vice-Chairman:  Miss  M.  McMullen.  St.  Stephen.  Quebec:  Miss  Kathleen  Dickson.  Roval  Edward 
N.B.  Secretary -Treasurer;  Miss  A.  Conroy,  404  Institute.  Montreal.  Saskatchewan:  Miss  Gladys 
Regent   St.,   London,   Ont.  McDonald,   6  Mavfair  Apts.,   Regina. 


739 


Provincial  Associations  of  Registered  Nurses 


ALBERTA 

Alberta     Association     of     Registered     Nur(«* 

Pres..  Miss  Rae  Chittick.  815-I8th  Ave.  W., 
Calgary;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Catherine  M. 
Clibborn,  University  of  Alberta  Hospital.  Ed- 
monton; Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Sister  M.  Beatrice.  St. 
Michael's  Hospital,  Lethbridge;  Sec-  Treas.  & 
Registrar,  Mrs.  A.  E.  Vango,  St.  Stephen's  Col- 
lege, Edmonton;  Councillors:  Miss  B.  A.  Beattie, 
Provincial  Mental  Hospital,  Ponoka,  Miss  G. 
Bamforth,  Miss  H.  M.  Garfield.  Miss  A.  J.  Carl- 
son; Chairmen  of  Sections:  Hospital  &  School 
of  Nursing  Miss  Gena  Bamforth,  Royal  Alex- 
andra Hospital,  Edmonton;  Public  Health,  Miss 
Helen  M.  Garfield.  7l3-3rd  St.  E.,  Calgary; 
General  Nursing,  Miss  Annie  J.  Carlson,  112- 
10th  Ave.  N.  W..  Calgary;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian 
Nurse,  Miss  Violet  Chapman,  Royal  Alexandra 
Hospital,   Edmonton. 

Ponoka     District,     No.     2,     Alberta     Association     of 
Registered   Nurses 

Chairman,  Miss  Margaret  McLean ;  Vice-Chair- 
man.  Miss  Karen  Westerlund;  Secretary-Treas- 
urer. Miss  Margaret  Tamblyn.  Provincial  Mental 
Hospital,  Ponoka;  Representative  to  The  Cana- 
dian Nurse,   Miss   Nessa    Leckie. 

Calgary    District,    No.    3,    Alberta    Association    of 
Registered    Nurses 

Chairman,  Miss  Kathleen  Connor,  Central 
Alberta  Sanatorium;  Vice-Chairman,  Miss  M.  ■ 
Deane-Freeman ;  Secretary,  Miss  M.  Richards, 
Holy  Cross  Hospital,  Calgary;  Treasurer,  Miss 
M.  Watt;  Conveners  of  Sections:  Hospital  & 
School  of  Nursing,  Miss  J.  Connul;  Public 
Health.  Miss  A.  Dick;  General  Nursing,  Miss 
G.    Thorne. 

Medicine    Hat    District,    No.    4,    Alberta    Association 
of    Registered    Nurses 

Pres.,  Miss  C.  E.  Mary  Rowles.  M.H.  General 
Hospital;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Hagerman, 
Y.W.C.A.;  Sec.-Treas.  Miss  M.M.  Webster,  558 
Fourth  St.;  Entertainment  Committee:  Miss 
Green,  Miss  Weeks.  Mrs.  D.  Fawcett;  Convener 
&  Treas.  of  Social  Service  Dept.,  Mrs.  G.  Crock- 
ford;  Representatives  to:  Red  Cross:  Misses  J. 
Lus,  E.  Sengh;   War  Council,  Miss  L.  Green. 

Edmonton    District,    No.    7,    Alberta    Association    of 
Registered   Nurses 

Chairman,  Miss  L  Johnson;  First  Vice-Chair- 
man, Mrs.  O.  Porritt;  Sec.  Vice-Chairman,  Rev. 
Sr.  Clotilda;  Sec.  Miss  G.  Bamforth.  Royal 
Alexandra  Hospital,  Edmonton;  Treas.,  Miss  V 
Leadlay;  Committee  Conveners:  Program,  Miss 
H.  McArthur;  Membership,  Miss  Lindsay;  Reps. 
to:  Local  Council  of  Women,  Miss  V.  Chap- 
man;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  G.   Vicars. 

Lethbridge    District,    No.    8,    Alberta    Association    of 
Registered    Nurses 

Chairman,  Miss  Jean  MacKenzie.  1120  Sixth 
Avenue.  South,  Lethbridge;  Vice-Chairman,  Slis? 
Ann  Kostuik;  Secretary,  Miss  Marjorie  Bair, 
Gait  Hospital.  Lethbrid?e;  Treasurer,  Miss  Ruth 
Hooper. 

BRITISH   COLUMBIA 

Registered    Nurses    Association    of    British    Columbia 

Pres..  Miss  M.  Duffield.  1675-lOth  Ave.  W., 
Vancouver:  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  E.  Kerr; 
Sec.    Vice-Pres.,    Miss    G.    M.    Fairley;    Sec,    Miss 


P.  Capelie.  Rm.  715.  Vancouver  Block,  Van- 
couver: Registrar,  Miss  Evelyn  Mallory,  Rm. 
715,  Vancouver  Block.  Vancouver;  Councillors: 
.Miss  E.  Clark.  Miss  L.  Creelman,  Sr.  Colum- 
kille,  Sr.  .M.  Gregory,  Miss  F.  H.  Walker;  Con- 
veners of  Sections:  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing, 
Miss  F.  McQuarrie.  Vancouver  General  Hospital; 
Public  Health,  Miss  F.  Innes,  1922  Adanac  St 
Vancouver:  General  Nursing,  Mrs.  E.  B.  Thom- 
son, 1095  W.  14th  Ave.,  Vancouver;  Press,  Miss 
M.    E.    Macdonell,    257U    Spruce   St.,    Vancouver. 

MANITOBA 

Manitoba  Association  of  Registered  Nurses 
Pres..  Mrs.  A.  C.  McFetridge,  418  Campbell 
St.  Winnipeg;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  E.  McNally, 
Brandon  General  Hospital;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss 
I.  McDiarmid,  36.3  Langside  St.,  Winnipeg; 
Board  Members:  Miss  L.  Stewart,  168  Chest- 
nut St.  Winnipeg;  Miss  H.  Coram,  172  Chest- 
nut St.  Winnipeg;  Miss  P.  Hart,  320  Sherbrooke 
St.,  Winnipeg;  Miss  C.  Lynch,  Winnipeg  General 
Hospital;  Miss  L.  Nordquist,  Carman  General 
Hospital:  Miss  A.  McKee,  604  Medical  Arts 
Bldg.,  Winnipeg;  Mrs.  F.  Wagner,  Grace  Hos- 
pital, Winnipeg;  Miss  A.  O'Brien.  Souris  &  Glen- 
wood  Memorial  Hospital;  Rev.  Sister  Clermont, 
St.  Boniface  Hospital;  Conveners  of  Sections: 
Hospital  &  School  of  Nur.sing,  Miss  D.  Ditchfield, 
Children's  Hospital,  Winnipeg;  Public  Health, 
Miss  E.  Rowlett.  125  Nassau  St.  Winnipeg; 
General  Nursing,  Miss  E.  Campbell.  778  Inger- 
soll  St.,  M'innipeg;  Committee  Conveners:  Instruc- 
tors Group,  Miss  A.  Carpenter.  Children's  Hos- 
pital, Winnipeg;  Social,  Mrs.  W.  S.  McElheran, 
969  Dominion  St..  Winnipeg;  Legislative,  Miss 
E.  Wilson,  608  Bannatyne  .Ave.,  Winnipeg; 
Membership,  Miss  D.  Earle.  Victoria  Hospital 
Winnipeg:  F.N.M.  Loan  Fund,  Miss  Z.  Beattie, 
St.  Boniface  Hospital:  Directory,  Miss  Besant, 
Victoria  Hospital,  Winnipeg;  British  Nurses  Re- 
lief Fund,  Mrs.  T.  Hulme,  20  Waldron  Apts. 
Winnipeg;  Visiting,  Mrs.  W.  Hnhorchuk,  Grace 
Hospital.  Winnipeg;  Representatives  to:  Council 
of  Social  Agencies,  Miss  F.  Robertson,  753  Wolse- 
ley  Ave.,  Winnipeg:  Red  Cross,  Miss  C.  Maddin 
187  Kennedy  St.,  Winnipeg;  The  Canadian  Nurse, 
Miss  L.  Stewart,  168  Chestnut  St..  Winnipeg; 
Local  Council  of  Women,  Mrs.  B.  Moffatt,  1183 
Dorchester  Ave.,  Winnipeg:  Executive  Secretary 
and  School  of  Nursing  Advisor.  Miss  Gertrude 
Hall,    212    Balmoral    St.,    Winnipeg. 

NEW   BRUNSWICK 

New  Brunswick  Association  of  Registered  Nurs«« 
Pres..  Sister  Kerr.  Hotel  Dieu  Hospital. 
Campbellton;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  A.  J.  Mac- 
Master;  Sec  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  L.  Smith;  Hon. 
Sec.  Miss  L.  Bartsch;  Counrillors:  .Mrs.  G.  E. 
van  Dorsser,  Saint  John;  Miss  D.  Parsons. 
Fredericton;  Sister  Anne  de  Parede.  Moncton; 
Miss  B.  M.  Had  rill.  Newcastle;  Miss  L.  Bartsch. 
Saint  John:  Misses  R.  Follis.  M.  McMullen,  St. 
Stephen;  Miss  E.  M.  Tulloch.  Woodstock;  Sec- 
Treas.-Registrar.  Miss  Alma  Law.  Health  Cen- 
tre, Saint  John;  Conveners  of  Sections:  Hospital 
&  School  nf  Nursing,  Miss  M.  .Myers;  General 
Nursing,  Miss  M.  Kay;  Public  Health,  Miss  A. 
A.  Burns;  Conveners  of  Committees:  Legislation, 
Miss  B.  L.  Gregory;  Instruction,  Miss  Boyd.  .^t. 
Stephen;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  H.  Cahlll. 

NOVA   SCOTIA 

Registered    Nurses    Association    of    Novii    S<-«im 

Pres..  Nfiss  Marjorie  Jenkins.  Children's  Hos- 
pital, Halifax;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  D.  J.  Gillis, 
Vickers  Lane,  Sydnev  Mines;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.. 
Miss  Jane  Watkins.  63  Henry  St.,  Halifax;  Third 
Vice-Pres..  Miss  A.  E.  Richardson.  Blanchard- 
Fraser  Memorial  Hospital,  Kentville:  Rec.  Sec. 
Miss  Lillian   Grady,   Halifax  Infirmary,   Halifax; 


OFFICIAL    DIRECTORY 


741 


Registrar  -  Treasurer  -  Corresponding  Secretary, 
Miss  Jean  C.  Dunning.  413  Dennis  Bldg.,  Hali- 
fax; Eep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Mrs.  Dorothy 
Luscombe,   364  Spring  Garden  Rd.,  Halifax. 

ONTARIO 

Registered   Nurses   Association    of   Ontario 

Pres.,  Miss  Mildred  I.  Walker;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  J.  Masten ;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  B. 
Anderson ;  Sec.-Treas..  Miss  Matilda  E.  Fitz- 
gerald, Rin.  630,  86  Bloor  St.  W.,  Toronto;  Chair- 
men of  Sections:  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing, 
Miss  L.  D.  Acton,  Kingston  General  Hospital; 
General  Nursing,  Miss  D.  Ogilvie.  34  Gilchrist 
Ave..  Ottawa;  Public  Health,  Miss  W.  Ashplant, 
807  Waterloo  St.,  London;  Chairmen  of  Districts: 
Mrs.  C.  Salmon.  Miss  M.  Bliss  Miss  M.  Buchan- 
an, Miss  K.  McNamara,  Miss  I.  Shaw,  Miss  M. 
Crawford,  Miss  M.  Stewart,  Miss  J.  Smith,  Miss 
M.  Buss. 

District    1 

Chairman.  Mrs.  C.  I.  Salmon;  First  Vice- 
Chairman,  Major  D.  Barr;  Sec. — Treas.,  Miss 
A.  Kenny,  Aberdeen  Hotel.  Chatham;  Coun- 
cillors: Misses  Stewart,  Wightman,  Rathwell, 
Shaw,  Perrin,  Gray,  Mrs.  Wilson;  Conveners: 
Hospital  &  School  of  Nvrsing,  Miss  P.  Camp- 
bell: General  Nursing,  Miss  H.  O'Mahoney; 
Public  Health,  Miss  M.  Armstrong;  Enrolment, 
Miss  D.  Birrell. 

Districts   2   and   3 

Chairman.  Miss  M.  F.  Bliss:  First  Vice-Chair- 
man,  Mrs.  K.  Cowie;  Sec.-Treas.,  Miss  H.  D. 
Muir.  Brantford  General  Hospital;  Councillors: 
Misses  E.  Eby,  F.  McKenzie.  C.  Attwood,  M. 
Grieve,  L.  Trusdale,  G.  Westbrook;  Section  Con- 
veners: General  Nursing,  Miss  E.  Clark;  Hos- 
pital &  School  of  Nursing.  Miss  J.  Watson; 
Public  Health,  Miss  M.   Hackett. 

District   4 

Chairman,  Miss  M.  Buchanan;  First  Vice- 
Chairman,  Miss  E.  Ewart;  Sec.  Vice-Chairman. 
Miss  A.  Scheifele:  Sec.-Treas.,  Miss  G.  Coul- 
thart,  192  Wellington  St.  N.,  Hamilton;  Coun- 
cillors: Sister  Mary  Grace,  Misses  Brewster, 
Cameron.  Wright.  Mrs.  Day,  N/S  Boyd;  Con- 
veners: Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Sr.  Eileen; 
Public  Health.  Miss  H.  Sneddon;  General  Nurs- 
ing Miss  S.  Murray;  Emergency  Nursing,  Mrs. 
A.  Haygarth. 

District   5 

Chairman.  Miss  K.  McXamara;  First  Vice- 
Chairman.  Miss  P.  Morrison ;  Sec.-Treas..  Mrs.  G. 
L.  Williamson  24  Drake  Cres.,  Scarboro  Bluffs; 
Councillors:  Misses  I.  Weirs.  G.  Jones.  J.  Mit- 
chell. E.  Grant,  R.  Russell,  A.  Reddon :  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  General  Nursing.  Miss  M. 
Hughes;  Public  Health,  Miss  L.  Pettigrew.  Hos- 
pital &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  B.  MacPhedran. 

District    6 

Chairman.  Miss  I.  Shaw:  First  Vice-Chairman, 
Miss  M.  McKenzie;  Sec.  Viee-Chairman,  Miss  E. 
Covert:  Third  Vice-Chairman.  Miss  E.  Wright- 
Sec.-Treas..  Miss  V.  Taylor.  General  Hospital,  Co- 
bourg:  Conveners:  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing, 
Miss  E.  Youns;  General  Nursina.  Mrs.  E.  Brack- 
enri.^ge:  Public  Health.  Miss  H.  McGearA-;  Mem- 
bership, Miss  N.  Brown;  Enrolment,  Miss  E. 
Meeks;    Finance.   Mi.ss   F.   Fitzgerald. 

District   7 

Chairman.  Miss  M.  Crawford;  Vice-Chairman. 
Miss  E.  Ardili;  Sec.-Treas.,  Miss  E.  Sharp,  King- 
ston General  Hospital;  Councillors:  Misses  E 
Freeman.  V.  Manders.  Hanna.  E.  Moffatt,  Ga- 
van.   Rev.    Sr.    Donovan;    Conveners:   Hospital   & 


School  of  Nursing,  Miss  L.  Acton;  General 
Nur.^ing,  Miss  E.  MacLean;  Public  Health,  Miss 
D.  Storms;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss 
B.   Coulter. 

District   8 

Chairman,  Miss  M.  Stewart;  First  Vice-Chair- 
man, Rev.  Sr.  M.  Evangeline;  Sec.  Vice-Chair- 
man, Miss  P.  Walker;  Sec.-Treas..  Miss  J.  Stock, 
390  Chapel  St.,  Ottawa;  Councillors:  Misses  I. 
Allen,  L.  Brule.  W.  Cooke.  V.  Foran,  M.  Lowry, 
H.  O'Meara;  Conveners:  Hospital  &  School  of 
Nursing,  Rev.  Sr.  St.  Godfrey;  Public  Health, 
Miss  C.  Livingston;  General  Nursing,  Miss  F. 
Kevins:  Pembroke  Chapter,  Mrs.  B.  Kipke;  Corn- 
wall Chapter.  Miss  M.  McWhinnie;  Rep.  to  The 
Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  H.  Tanner. 

District    9 

Chairman.  Miss  J.  Smith.  Gravenhurst;  First 
Vice-Chairman.  Miss  K.  MacKenzie.  N'orth  Bay; 
Sec.  Vice-Chairman,  Miss  A.  McGregor,  Sault 
Ste.  Marie;  Sec,  Miss  F.  Geddis.  Plumnier 
Memorial  Hospital.  Sault  Ste.  Marie;  Treaa., 
Miss  R.  Buchanan,  Sanitarium  P.  0.;  Conveners: 
Public  Health.  Miss  H.  E.  Smith,  New  Liskeard; 
Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  A.  Riordan, 
Sudbury;  General  Nursing,  Mrs.  E.  Sheridan. 
Sudbury;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Sr.  Teresa  of 
the   Sacred    Heart,   Sault   Ste.   Marie. 

District    10 

Chairman.  Miss  M.  Buss,  The  Sanatorium,  Fort 
William;  Vice-Chairman,  Miss  B.  Roljerts;  Sec.- 
Treas.,  Miss  D.  Chedister,  General  Hospital.  Port 
Arthur;  Councillor,  Miss  A.  Baillie;  Committee 
Conveners:  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing.  Miss 
M.  Flanagan;  Public  Health,  Miss  E.  Kewson ; 
General  Nursing,  Miss  I  Morrison;  Program  Com- 
mittee:  Misses    V.    Lovelace,    H.    MacXaughton. 

PRINCE    EDWARD    ISLAND 

Prince  Edward  Island  Registered  Nurses 
Association 
Pres.,  Miss  Katharine  MacLennan.  Provincial 
Sanatorium,  Cbarlottetown :  Vice-Pres..  Miss  Ma- 
ry Devereaux.  New  Haven :  Sec.  Miss  Anna 
Mair,  P.E.L  Hospital.  Charlotfetown ;  Treas.  & 
Registrar.  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Magdalen,  Cbarlottetown 
Hospital;  Chairmen  of  Sertians:  Hospital  h 
School  of  Nursing,  Miss  Georgie  Brown.  Prince 
Co.  Hospital.  Sumnierside;  General  Nursing.  Miss 
Dorothy  Hennessey,  Cbarlottetown  Hospital. 
Cbarlottetown;  Public  Health,  Miss  Margaret 
Darling,    Alberton. 

QUEBEC 

Association    of    Registered    Nurses    of    the    Province 
of     Quebec      (Incorporated,      1920) 

President.  Miss  Eileen  C.  Flanagan;  Vice- 
President  (English).  Miss  Mabel  K.  Holt;  Vice- 
President  (French),  Rev.  Soeur  Valerie  de  la 
Sagesse;  Honourary  Secretary,  Mile  Alice  Al- 
bert; Honourary  Treasurer,  Miss  Fanny  Munroe; 
Members  without  Office:  Misses  Marion  Nash, 
Mary  Ritchie.  Miles  Maria  Roy,  Maria  Beaumier, 
Annonciade  Martineau;  Advisory  Board:  Misses 
Jean  Wilson.  Marion  Lindeburgh.  Catherine  M. 
Ferguson,  Esther  M.  Beith.  Rev.  Soeur  Marie  de 
TEucharistie  (Quebec),  Miles  Edna  Lynch.  Ju- 
liette Trudel;  Conveners  of  Sections:  General 
Nursing  (French),  Mile  Anne-Marie  Robert, 
5484A  St.  Denis  St..  Montreal;  Hospital  &  School 
of  Nursing  (English).  Miss  Winnifred  MacLean, 
Royal  Victoria  Hospital,  Montreal;  Hospital  & 
School  of  Nursing  (French),  Rev.  Soeur  Decary, 
Hopital  Notre-Dame.  Montreal;  Public  Health 
(English),  Miss  Kathleen  Dickson,  Royal  Edward 
Institute.  Montreal;  Public  Health  (French), 
Mile  Marie  Euphemie  Cantin,  4642  St.  Denis  St. 
Montreal:  Board  of  Examiners:  Miss  Marv  Ma- 
thewson  (convener).  Misses  Norena  S.  Mackenzie, 
Madeleine  Flander,  Miles  Alexina  Marchessault, 
Anysie  Deland,  Rev.  Soeur  Marie  Claire  Rheault; 


742 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


Executive  Secretary,  Registrar  &  Official  School 
Visitor,  Miss  E.  Frances  Upton,  Ste.  1U19,  Med- 
ical Arts  Bldg.,  Montreal. 

SASKATCHEWAN 

Saskatchewan  Registered  Nurses  Association 
(Incorporated  1917) 
Pres.,  Miss  M.  R.  Diederichs.  Regina  Grey  Nuns' 
Hospital:  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  E.  Ingiiam, 
Moose  Jaw  General  Hospital ;  Sec.  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  E.  R.  Pearston,  Melfort;  Councillors: 
Miss  M.  E.  Grant,  922-9th  Ave.  N.,  Saskatoon; 
Rev.  Sister  Hildegarde,  St.  Elizabeth's  Hospital, 
Humboldt:  Chairmen  of  Sections:  General 
Nursing,  Miss  M.  R.  Chisholm,  805-7th  Ave.  N., 
Saskatoon ;  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Rev. 
Sister  Mandin,  St.  Paul's  Hospital,  Saskatoon; 
Public  Health,  Miss  Gladys  McDonald,  6  Mayfair 


Apts.,  Regina;  Secretary-Treasurer,  Registrar 
and  Advisor,  Schools  for  Nurses,  Miss  K.  W. 
Ellis,    University   of    Saskatchewan,    Saskatoon. 

Regina    Registered    Nurses    Association 

Hon.  Pres.  Sister  Tougas;  Pres.,  Miss  M. 
McRae;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  D.  Lewis;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.  Mrs.  Storey;  Sec,  Mrs.  M.  Stocker, 
22  Qu'Appelle  Apts.;  Ass. -Sec,  Miss  V.  Kiesel; 
Treas.  &  Registrar.  Mrs.  H.  Regan;  Conveners: 
Registry,  Miss  Grad;  Program:  Misses  Sharp, 
Blackwood;  Membership:  Miss  McLaughlin,  Mrs. 
Racette;  Social.  Misses  Wilkins.  Brown;  General 
Nursing,  Miss  Sissons; Hospital  &  School  of  Nur- 
sing, Miss  Thompson;  Public  Health  Miss  Riley; 
Finance,  Mrs.  Deverell;  War  Services,  Miss  Spel- 
■liscy;  Sick  Nurses.  Misses  Tumbull,  Martin;  The 
Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Winning. 


Alumnae  Associations 


ALBERTA 

A. A.,    Calgary    General    Hospital,    Calgary 

Hon.  Pres..  Misses  S.  Maddonald.  A.  Hebert; 
Hon.  Members:  Misses  M.  Moodie,  J.  Murphy,  A. 
Casey;  Pres.  Mrs.  A.  Warrington;  First  Vice- 
Pres..  Mrs.  G.  McPherson ;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs. 
T.  Ellis;  Rec  Sec,  Mrs.  J.  Mclntyre;  Corr. 
Sec,  Miss  J.  Gumming,  238  Crescent  Rd.;  Treas., 
Mrs.  B.  Charles;  Membership,  Mrs.  A.  Wilson; 
Press,  Miss  C.   Rose. 

A. A.,     Holy     Cross     Hospital,     Calgary 

President,  Mrs.  Cyril  Holloway;  First  Vice- 
President,  Mrs.  D.  Overand ;  Second  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Miss  L.  Aiken ;  Recording  Secretary.  Mrs. 
B.  McAdam;  Corresponding  Secretary,  Mrs.  J. 
E.  Hood,  211  Anderson  Apts.;  Treasurer,  Mrs. 
E.   Bragg. 

A.A.,  Edmonton  General' Hospital,  Edmonton 

Hon.  Pres..  Sr.  M.  O'Grady,  Sr.  F.  Neuhausel; 
Pres.,  Miss  E.  Bietsch;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  R. 
Price;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  J.  Slavik,  E.G.H.;  Rec. 
Sec.  Miss  A.  Strochinski ;  Treas.,  Miss  E. 
Wallsniith;  Private  Duty,  Miss  M.  Hozak;  Visit- 
ing Committee:  Misses  Nelson.  Deschatelets ; 
Standing  Committee:  Misses  Kuntz,  Beaton, 
Barden,   Ryan,   Mrs.   Lowing. 

A. A.,    Royal    Alexandra    Hospital,    Edmonton 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  M.  Eraser;  Pres.,  Miss 
Einarson;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  L  Johnson; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  R.  Boyd;  Rec.  Sec,  Mrs. 
M.  Hall;  Corr.  Sec,  Mrs.  W.  White,  R.A.H.; 
Treas.,  Miss  F.  Toby;  Committee  Conveners: 
Program,  Mrs.  J.  White;  Visiting,  Miss  T. 
Holm;  Social,  Miss  K.  Dunlop;  News  Letter, 
Miss  A.  Piercy;  Benefit,  Miss  L  Johnson; 
Scholarship,  Miss  G.  AUyn;  Executive:  Miss  A. 
Anderson,   Mmes   J.    F.   Thompson,   P.   Baker. 

A.A.,    University    of    Alberta    Hospital,     Edmonton 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  Helen  S.  Peters;  Pres.,  Miss 
G.  Vickers;  Vice-Pres..  Miss  A.  Whybrow;  Rec. 
Sec,  Miss  D.  Russell;  Corr.  Sec.  Mrs.  N.  Alexan- 
der, I1045-82nd  Ave.;  Treas.  Miss  M.  Baxter; 
Social  Convener,  Mrs.  F.  Beddome;  Rep.  to  Press, 
Mrs.  N.  Pourt.i ;  Executive  Committee:  Misses  M. 
Strachan,    A.    Revell.    B.    Sloane. 

A.A.,   Lamont   Public   Hospital,   Lamont 

Honourary  President,  Miss  F.  E.  Welsh,  Gode- 
rich.  Ont.;  President,  Mrs.  R.  H.  Shears;  First 
Vice-President,  Mrs.  G.  Archer;  Second  Vice- 
President,    Mrs.     G.     Harrolld;     Secretarj'-Treas- 


urer.  Mrs.  B.  I.  Love.  Elk  Island  National  Park, 
Lamont;  News  Editor,  Mrs.  Peterson,  Hardisty; 
Convener,  Social  Committee,  Miss  Ada   Sandell. 

A.A.,     Vegreville     General     Hospital,     VegrevilU 

Hon.  President,  Sister  Anna  Keohane;  Hon. 
Vice-President,  Sister  J.  Boi'^seau ;  President, 
Mrs.  Stanley  Walker,  Vegreville;  Vice-President, 
Mrs.  Rennie  Landry,  Vegreville;  Secretary- 
Treasurer.  Miss  Annie  Askin,  Box  213,  Vegre- 
ville;   Visiting   Committee    (chosen    monthly). 


BRITISH  COLUMBIA 

A. A.,    St.    Paul's    Hospital,    Vancouver 

Hon.  Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Phillipe;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Columbkille;  Pres.,  Miss  J. 
Mitchell;  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  F.  Engbv;  Sec,  Miss 
B.  Falk,  3776-33  Ave.  W;  Treas.,  Miss  E.  Atter- 
bine:  Registrar,  Miss  Stewart;  Committee  Con- 
veners: Social,  Miss  Walters;  Program,  Miss  M. 
Bell;  Visiting,  Miss  McCauley;  Mutual  Benefit, 
Miss  McGee;  Press,  Miss  N.  Johnson;  Rep.  to 
The   Canadian  Nurse,  Miss   C.   Bryant. 

A. A.,    Vancouver   General    Hospital,    Vancouver 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  G.  Fairley;  Pres.,  Miss  F. 
Innes:  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  L.  Creelman;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  A.  Grundy;  Rec  Sec,  Miss  N. 
Cunningham;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  L.  Lore,  1589  E. 
Broadway;  Treas.,  Mrs.  F.  L.  Faulkner;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  Mutual  Benefit,  Miss  M.  Ed- 
wards; Visiting,  Mrs.  M.  Appleby;  Social,  Mrs. 
G.  E.  Gillies;  Membership,  Miss  W.  Neen;  Re- 
freshment, Miss  S.  McDiarmid;  Program,  Mrs. 
R.   Stevens;   Rep.  to  Press,  Miss  M.   Mcdonnell. 

A. A.,    Royal    Jubilee    Hospital,    Victoria 

President,  Mrs.  D.  J.  Hunter;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Mrs.  D.  MacLouri ;  Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  R.  Kirk- 
endale;  Sec,  Mrs.  J.  A.  McCague,  3106  Glas- 
gow Ave., ;  Assist.  Sec  Miss  M.  Bawden ;  Treas. 
Mrs.  Jack  Boorman,  2957  Foul  Bay  Rd.;  Com^ 
mittee  Conveners:  Visiting.  Mrs.  F.  Hall:  Mem- 
bership, Mrs.  J.  Boorman ;  Rep.  to  Press,  Miss 
D.  Van. 

A. A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    Victoria 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sr.  M.  Kathleen;  Hon.  Vice-Pres.. 
Sr.  M.  Gregory;  Pres.,  Mrs.  G.  Rose;  Vice- 
Pres..  Mrs.  J.  Grant:  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  J. 
Welch;  Rec.  Sec.  Mrs.  J.  Stokes;  Corr.  Sec, 
Miss  G.  Wahl.  St.  Joseph's  Hospital;  Treas.. 
Miss  M.  Murphy;  Press,  Miss  J.  Cooney;  Coun- 
cillors: Mmes  Ridewood,  Brj'ant,  Sinclair,  Lewis; 
Vital   Statistics,    Miss    Cruickshank. 


OFFICIAL    DIRECTORY 


743 


MANITOBA 


A. A.,   St.   Boniface   Hospital,   St.   Boniface 

Hon.  Pres..  Rev.  Sr.  Superior;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Mrs.  W.  Crosby;  Pres.,  Mrs.  W.  McEl- 
heran;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  S.  Wright;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  W.  Grice;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  H. 
Fairbairn;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  D.  Webster,  181 
River  Ave.,  Winnipeg;  Treas..  Miss  H.  Oliver; 
.\rcliivist.  Miss  Margason ;  Advisory  Committee: 
Miss  MacCallum,  .\Imes  McElheran.  Greville. 
Groelle,  L'Eucyer.  Rev.  Sr.  Superior;  Conveners: 
Visiting,  Miss  Johnson:  Social  &  Program,  Miss 
Rungay;  Membership,  Miss  Vandecar;  Reps,  to 
The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Watson;  M.A.R.N., 
Miss  Troendle;  Man.  Directory,  Mrs.  Shinmow- 
ski ;    Local   Council  of   Women,   Mrs.    Shankman. 


A. A.,    Children's     Hospital,    Winnipeg 


A. A.,    Halifax    Infirmary,    Halifax 

Pres..  Miss  Dorothy  Turner;  Vice-Pres..  ^fis9 
Rita  Maclnnes;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss  Elisabeth  Mac- 
Dougall;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  Loretta  Pertus,  111% 
.Morris  St.;  Treas..  Miss  Gertrude  Shortall; 
Committee  Conveners:  Visiting,  Miss  Eisen- 
hauer;  Entertainment,  Miss  Mary  Ready;  Press, 
Miss  Margaret  Grant:  Librarian,  Miss  Shofer; 
Nominating,  Mrs.   Power. 


A.A.,     Victoria     General     Hospital,     Halifax 

Pres..  Miss  Agnes  Cox.  Tuberculosis  Hospi- 
tal; Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  E.  MacQuade;  Sec,  Miss 
Grace  Porter,  267  South  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  Helen 
Joncas.  Victoria  General  Hospital:  Committee 
Conveners:  Entertainment,  Misses  M.  Ripley,  A. 
Power;  Refreshments,  Mrs.  Cullen.  Miss  Ger- 
valse;  Visiting,  Misses  G.  Byers.  H.  Watson; 
Private    Duty,    Miss    Isobel    Macintosh. 


Pres.,  Mrs.  W.  Stewart;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss 
M.  Perley;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss  E.  Hyndman ;  Corr. 
Sec.  Miss  E.  Young,  91  Home  St.;  Treas..  Miss 
B.  Thain,  21  Stratford  Hall;  Conveners:  Program, 
Miss  M.  Smith;  Ways  &  Means.  Mrs.  H.  Moore; 
Visiting  &;  Red  Cross,  Mrs.  Campbell;  Member- 
ship, Miss  R.  Hutton;  News  Editor,  Mrs.  G.  Jack. 


A. A.,    Winnipeg    General    Hospital,    Winnipeg 

Hon.  Pres.,  Mrs.  A.  W.  Moody;  Pres..  Miss 
C.  Lethbridge;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  K.  Mc- 
Learn ;  Sec  N'ice-Pres.  >riss  E.  Wilson :  Third 
V^ice-Pres..  Mrs.  S.  Ward;  Rec  Sec,  Miss  J. 
Smith;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  A.  Robertson,  112 
Royal  St.:  Treas..  Miss  F.  Stratton ;  Committee 
Conveners:  Program.  Mrs.  C.  Ker.shaw:  Member- 
ship, Miss  A.  Porter;  Visiting,  Miss  G.  Mc- 
Keevor;  Journal,  Mrs.  S.  G.  Horner;  Archivist, 
Miss  M.  Stewart;  Jubilee,  Miss  P.  Bonnar;  Reps. 
to:  School  of  Nursing  Committee,  Miss  G.  Hall; 
The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  H.  Smith;  Doctors  & 
Nurses  Directory.  Miss  A.  Howard ;  Local  Council 
of  Women;  Mmes  Thomas.  Randall;  Council  of 
Social  Agencies,  Mrs.    A.    Speirs. 


NEW  BRUNSWICK 


ONTARIO 


A. A.,     Belleville     General     Hospital,     Belleville 

Pres.,  Miss  D.  Williams;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss 
N.  DiCola;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Peacock; 
Sec.  Miss  Edna  Sullivan.  General  Hospital; 
Treas..  Miss  M.  l.eury:  Registrar.  Miss  M.  Dun- 
can: Committee  Conveners:  Floirers,  Nfiss  D. 
Hogle:  Social.  Miss  D.  Warren;  Program,  Miss 
-M.  Fitzserald:  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse  & 
Press.    Miss    M.    Plumton. 


A. A.,      Brantford      General      Hospital,      Brantford 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  M.  McKee;  Pres..  Mrs.  G. 
A.  Grierson ;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  H.  Cuff:  Sec, 
Miss  I.  Feely,  B.G.H.;  Treas.,  Miss  L.  Burtch; 
Committee  Conveners:  Social:  Mmes  G.  Thomp- 
son, L.  Sturgeon:  Flower:  Misses  N.  Yardlev.  R. 
Moffat;  Gift:  Misses  K.  Charnley,  V.  Buckweli; 
Reps,  to:  General  Nursing  Section.  Miss  D. 
Rashleigh :  Red  Cross.  Miss  0.  Gowman ;  Local 
Council  of  Women:  Mmes  G.  Barber,  R.  Smith, 
Miss  P.  Cole;  The  Canadian  Nurse  &  Press,  Miss 
M.    Copeland. 


A. A.,  Saint  John  General   Hospital,  Saint  John 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  E.  J.  Mitchell;  Pres.,  Miss 
G.  Brown:  First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  H.  L.  Ellis; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  S.  Hartlev;  Sec.  Miss  F. 
Congdon.  S.J.G.H.:  Treas..  Miss  H.  Tracy, 
S.J.G.H. :  Assist.  Treas.,  Miss  R.  Wilson;  Exe- 
cutive: Misses  M.  Murdoch,  P.  White,  B.  Bain, 
Mrs.  J.  Wilson. 


A. A.,    L.    P.    Fisher   Memorial    Hospital,    Woodstock 

President,  Mrs.  Hebec  Inghram;  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Mrs.  Wenrlall  Slipp,  Chapel  Street;  Se- 
cretary. Mrs.  Arthur  Peabody;  Treasurer,  Miss 
Nellie  Wallace:  Executive  Committee:  Miss  Mar- 
garet Parker.  Miss  Evelyn  Briggs,  Miss  Mabel 
Howe. 


NOVA    SCOTIA 

A. A..     Glace     Bay    General     Hospital,     Glace     Bay 

Pres.,  Mrs.  F.  MacKinnion;  First  Vlce-Prea.. 
Mrs.  W.  MacPherson:  Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Mrs. 
H.  Spencer;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss  B.  MacKenzie;  Corr. 
Sec.  Miss  F.  Anderson,  General  Hospital: 
Treas..  Miss  W.  MacLeod;  Committee  Conveners: 
Executive,  Miss  C.  Roney;  Visiting,  Mrs.  G. 
Turner;    Finance,    Miss    A.    Beaton. 


A. A.,    Brockville    General    Hospital,    Brockville 

Hon.  Presidents,  Misses  A.  Shannette.  E. 
Moffatt:  Pres..  .Mrs.  M.  White;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Mrs.  W.  Cooke;  Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  L.  Merkley; 
.«;ec..  Miss  H.  Corbett.  127  Pearl  St.  E. :  .\.sa. 
Sec,  Mrs.  E.  Finlay;  Treas.,  Mrs.  H,  Van  Dusen; 
Committee  Conveners:  Social,  Mrs.  H.  Green; 
Flower,  Miss  Kendrick;  Program,  Mrs.  Derry; 
Rep.  to  The  Canadian   Nurse,   Miss  Corbett. 

A. A.,  Public  General  Hospital,  Chatham 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  P.  Campbell:  Pres..  Miss  L. 
Hastings;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  F.  Armstrong; 
Rec.  Sec.  Miss  V.  Carnes;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  M. 
GHbert.  lOi  Harvey  St.:  Treas.,  Miss  J.  Rickard; 
Committees:  Flowers:  Miss  Malott;  Social:  Miss 
Purcell.  Mrs.  Goldrick;  Refreshments:  Mrs. 
Bourne,  Miss  Houston:  Councillors:  Misses  Head, 
Dyer.  Baird.  McNaughton :  Reps,  to  Press:  Miss 
Patterson :   The  Canadian  Nurse :  Miss  L.  Smyth. 


A. A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    Chatham 

Hon.  Pres.,  Mother  .M.  Pascal:  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Sister  M.  St.  Anthony;  President.  Miss 
Hazel  Gray;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  A.  E.  Ro- 
berts: Sec.  \'ice-Pres..  Miss  May  Boyle;  Secre- 
tary-Treasurer. Miss  Mary-Clare  Zink.  4  Robert- 
son .Ave.:  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  Anne  Kenny:  Repre- 
sentative to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Ursula 
O'Neill. 


744 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


A.A.,    Cornwall    General    Hospital,   Cornwall 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  H.  C.  Wilson;  Pres.,  Mrs.  M. 
Quail;  First  Vice  Pres.,  Mrs.  F.  Guntlier;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  E.  Wagoner;  Sec.-Treas.,  Miss 
E.  Allen,  4-3rci  St.  E. ;  Committee  Conveners: 
Program  &  Social  Finance:  Misses  Summers 
Sharpe;  Flower,  Miss  E.  Mclntyre;  Membership, 
Miss  G.  Rowe;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss 
J.    McBain. 

A.A.,    Gait    Hospital,    Gait 

President,  Mrs.  E.  D.  Scott;  Vice-President, 
Miss  Hazel  Blagden ;  Secretary,  Mrs.  A.  Bond. 
General  Hospital;  Treasurer,  Mrs.  W.  Bell;  Com- 
m.ittee  Conveners:  Social,  Miss  Claire  Murphy; 
Flower,  Miss  L.  MacNair;  Press,  Mrs.  J.  M. 
Byrne. 

A. A.,   Guelph   General   Hospital,   Guelph 

Honourary  President.  Miss  S.  A.  Campbell; 
President.  Miss  L.  Ferguson;  First  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Mrs.  F.  C.  McLeod;  Secretary.  Miss  Mary 
R.  Upward,  General  Hospital;  Treasurer,  Miss 
A.    Armstrong. 

A. A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    Guelph 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sr.  M.  Augustine;  Hon.  Vice-Pres., 
Sr.  M.  Dominica;  Pres.,  Miss  Doris  Milton;  Vice- 
Pres.,  Miss  Eva  Murphy;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss  Hen- 
rietta McGillivary;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  Mary  Heffer- 
nan,  12l  Duflin  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  Hazel  Harding; 
Social  Convener,  Miss  Marian  Meagher;  Rep. 
to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  M.  Heffernan. 

A. A.,   Hamilton  General   Hospital,   Hamilton 

Hon.  President,  Miss  C.  E.  Brewster;  Presi- 
dent. Miss  M.  0.  Watson ;  First  Vice-President, 
Mi.ss  M.  Watt;  Second  Vice-President.  Miss  N. 
Coles;  Recording  Secretary,  Mrs.  H.  Roy;  Cor- 
responding Secretary,  Miss  E.  Ferguson,  Ha- 
milton General  Hospital;  Treasurer.  Mrs.  W. 
N.  Paterson.  114  Trayniore  St.;  Secretary-Treas- 
urer, Mutual  Benefit  Association.  Miss  H.  Sa- 
bine, 132  Ontario  Ave.;  Committee  Conveners: 
Executive.  Miss  E.  Bingeman:  Social,  Miss  H.  G. 
McCulloch:  Flowers,  Miss  G.  Servos;  Budget, 
Mrs.   H.   Roy. 

A. A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    Hamilton 

Hon.  Pres..  Sr.  M.  Alphonsa;  Hon.  Vice-Pres. 
Sr.  M.  Grace;  Pres.,  Miss  Iva  Loyst;  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  G.  Keal;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  F.  Nicholson; 
Corr.  Sec,  Miss  E.  Moran,  95  Victoria  Ave.  S.; 
Treas..  Miss  L.  Curr\-:  Representatives  to:  R.N.- 
A.O.,  Miss  A.  Williams,  515  Dundurn  St.  S.; 
The  Canadian  Nuise,  Miss  Leona  Johnson, 
S.J.H. 

A. A.,   Hotel-Dieu,  Kingston 

Hon.  Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  Rouble;  Hon.  Vice-Pres., 
Mrs.  Elder;  Pres..  Mrs.  J.  Hickey:  First  Vice- 
Pres..  Mrs.  I.  Fallon;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.  Mrs.  C. 
Keller;  Sec,  Miss  M.  Flood  380  Brock  St.;  Treas., 
Mrs.  M.  Heagle;  Committees:  Executive:  Mmes 
Lawler,  Ahern.  Carey.  Miss  McGarry;  Visiting: 
Misses  Murray,  Oswald;  Social:  Misses  Cotty, 
Collins;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse  Miss  M. 
Catlin. 

A. A.,    Kingston    General     Hospital,    Kingston 

Hon.  President.  Miss  L.  D.  Acton;  President, 
Mrs.  F.  W.  Atack,  Centre  St.;  First  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Mrs.  Graham  Campbell;  Sec.  Vice-President, 
Miss  E.  Freeman ;  Secretary,  Mrs.  Chas.  Ryder, 
811  Johnson  St.;  Treasurer,  Mrs.  C.  W.  Mallory, 
176  Alfred  St.;  Assist.  Treas..  Miss  P.  Timmer- 
man :    Press   Representative,   Miss   Mae   Porter. 


A. A.,    Kitchener    and    Waterloo    General    Hospital, 
Kitchener 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  K.  W.  Scott;  Pres.,  Mrs.  H. 
Christner;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  G.  Cornwall; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  E.  Carey;  Sec.  Miss  0. 
Daitz,  K.  &  W.  Hospital;  Treas.,  Miss  E.  Jant- 
zen:  Committee  Conveners:  Program,  Miss  M. 
McManus;  Lunch,  Mrs.  R.  Hodd;  Flowers:  Misses 
M.  McManus.  M.  McLean;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian 
Nurse,  Miss  A.  Leslie. 


A. A.,    St.    Mary's    Hospital,    Kitchener 

Hon.  Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Gerard;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres..  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Geraldine;  Pres..  Miss  Millie 
A.  G.  Brand;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Jean  Pickard; 
Rec.  Sec,  Miss  Melva  Lapsley;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss 
Marie  A.  Lorentz,  92  Victoria  St.  S.,  Waterloo; 
Treas.,  Miss  Beatrice  Hertel. 

A. A.,    Rosi    Memorial     Hospital,    Lindsay 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  S.  Reid;  Pres.,  Miss  C. 
Fallis;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  G.  Lehigh;  Sec 
Vice-Pres..  Miss  D.  Wilson;  Sec,  Miss  H.  Hop- 
kins R.M.H.;  Treas.,  Miss  A.  Hcbber;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  Program,  Miss  V.  Pickins; 
Refreshments,  Miss  D.  Currins;  Flower,  Mrs. 
M.  I.  Thurston;  Red  Cross  Supply,  Miss  A. 
Flett;  Rep.  to  Press,  Miss  G.  McMillan. 

A.A.,  Ontario  Hospital,  London 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  F.  M.  Thomas;  Pres.,  Mrs.  F. 
Cline;  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  K.  Schlimme.  .Miss  N. 
Stewart;  Sec,  Mrs.  M.  Millen,  398  Spruce  St.; 
Ass.  Sec,  Mrs.  E.  Stutt;  Treas..  Miss  N.  Wil- 
liams; Committee  Conveners:  Flower,  Mrs.  E. 
Grosvener;  Social,  Misses  L.  Steele,  V.  Johnson; 
Social  Service,  Miss  F.  Stevenson;  Parcels  for 
Armed  Forces,  Miss  N.  Williams;  Publications, 
Mrs.  P.  Robb. 


A.A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    London 

Hon.  Pres.,  Mother  M.  Theodore;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Sister  M.  Ruth;  Pres.,  Miss  I.  Griffin; 
First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Russell:  Sec.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Miss  A.  Kellv;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  M.  Best, 
.■iTfl  Waterloo  St.;  Rec.  Sec,  Mi.ss  B.  Crawford; 
Treas.,  Miss  A.  Schweitzer;  Committee  Con- 
veners: Social:  Misses  M.  Ings.  M.  Kelly;  Fi- 
nance: Misses  M.  Etue,  0.  O'Keil ;  Reps,  to  Re- 
gistry: Mis.ses  M.  Baker,  E.  Beger;  Press.  Miss 
M.   Regan. 

A. A.,  Victoria  Hospital,  London 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  H.  M.  Stuart;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres..  Mrs.  A.  E.  Silverwood;  Pres..  Miss  G. 
Erskine;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Stevenson; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  A.  Mallock;  Rec  Sec, 
Miss  A.  Versteeg;  Corr.  Sec,  Mrs.  M.  Ripley, 
422  Central  Ave.;  Treas.,  Miss  E.  O'Rourke,  188 
Colbourne  St.;  Publications:  Misses  L.  MacGu- 
gan,   E.   Stephens. 


A. A.,  Niagara   Falls   General   Hospital,   Niagara   Falls 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  M.  Parks;  Pres..  Mrs.  D. 
Mylchreest:  Hon.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  M.  Buchanan; 
First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  R.  Livingstone;  Sec.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Miss  D.  Scott;  Sec,  Mrs.  E.  Robins,  2432 
Ker  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  M.  Cooley.  730-4th  Ave.; 
Committees:  Visiting.  Miss  R.  Wilkinson;  Edu- 
cational, Miss  J.  McNally;  Membership,  Miss  V. 
Wigley:  Reps,  to:  The  Canadian  Nrtrse  & 
R.N.a'.O.,  Miss  L  Hammond;  Press,  Mrs.  Ef- 
ferick. 


OFFICIAL    DIRECTORY 


745 


K.A..     Orillia    Soldieri'     Memorial     Hospital,    Orillia 

Honouran'  Presidents.  Miss  E.  Johnston,  Miss 
0.  Wafeinian;  President.  Mrs.  H.  HaHnaford; 
Vice-Presidents.  Miss  C.  Buie.  .Miss  .M.  MaeLel- 
land:  Treasurer.  Miss  L.  V.  MacKenzie.  21  Wil- 
liam St.;  Secretary,  Miss  Muriel  Givens,  23  Albert 
St,;  Directors:  Misses  S.  Dudenhoffer,  B.  McFad- 
den.  G.  .Adams;  Auditors:  Miss  F.  Robertson. 
Mrs.    H.    Burnet. 


A. A..  Oshawa  General  Hospital,  Oshawa 

Hon.  Presir'ents,  Misses  E.  MacWilliams,  B. 
Bell.  E.  Stuart;  Pres..  Miss  M.  Green;  First 
Vice-Pres..  Miss  P.  Richardson ;  Sec.  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  M.  Gibson ;  Sec.  Miss  M.  Anderson ;  Corr. 
Sec,  Miss  L.  McKnight.  39  Elgin  St.  E. ;  Treas.. 
Miss  A.  Knott;  Committee  Conveners:  Program, 
Miss  H.  Trew.  Social,  Miss  D.  Brown;  Eep.  to 
The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  W.  Werry. 


A. A..    Lady    Stanley    Institute     (Incorporated    1918) 
Ottawa 

Hon.  Pres..  Mrs.  W.  S.  Lyman;  Pres..  Mrs. 
W.  E.  Caven;  Vice-Pres..  Miss  G.  Halpenny; 
Sec.  Mrs.  P.  R.  Grant.  74  Byron  Ave.;  Treas.. 
Mrs.  G.  C.  Bennett;  Board  of  Directors:  Mrs. 
Waddell,  Misses  McNiece.  McGibbon,  Flack; 
Flower  Convener,  Miss  E.  Booth;  Representatives 
to:  Press.  Miss  G.  Halpenny;  Registry:  Misses 
M.  Slinn.  E.  Curry;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Mrs. 
V.   Boles. 

A.A.,    Ottawa    Civic    Hospital,    Ottawa 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  G.  M.  Bennett;  Pres.,  Miss  D. 
Osrilvie;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  L.  Gourlay;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres..  Miss  G.  Ferguson ;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss 
G.  Wilson;  Corr.  Sec.  &  Press,  Miss  M.  Tullis 
O.C.H.;  Treas..  Miss  D.  Johnston,  98  Holland 
Ave.;  Councillois:  Mmes  M.  Johnston.  H.  Kidd. 
G.  Dunning.  E.  Haines.  Misses  Fleiger,  H.  Wil- 
son; Committee  Conveners:  Flower.  Miss  H. 
King;  Visiting,  Miss  Joyce;  Reps,  to:  Central 
Registry,  Misses  R.  Alexander,  0.  Bradley,  E. 
Graydon.   C.    McLeod. 


urer.  Mrs.  Ralph  Snelgrove.  750  Second  Avemie, 
West;  Representative  to  R.N.A.O.,  Misa  P. 
Ellis. 


A. A.,    NichoUs   Hospital,   Peterborough 

Hon.  Pres..  Mrs.  E.  M.  Leeson,  Miss  E.  G. 
Young;  Pres..  Miss  Lottie  Ball;  First  Vice-Pres.. 
Miss  D.  E.  MacBuen ;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  J. 
Preston;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss  Florence  Scott;  Corr. 
Sec.  Miss  A.  MacKenzie.  758  George  St. ;  Treas., 
Miss  Isobel  King.  210  Antrim  St.;  Social  Con- 
veners: Mrs.  V.  Janeway.  Miss  S.  Trottei«; 
Flower   Convener,   Miss   Mae   Stone. 


A.A.,     St.     Joseph's     Hospital,     Port     Arthur 

Honourary  President.  Rev.  Mother  Cainillus; 
Honourary  Vice-President.  Rev.  Sister  Sheila: 
President.  Mrs.  Jack  Tiskey;  Vice-President. 
Miss  Cecila  Kelly;  Secretary.  Mrs.  Jack  Weir. 
419  Ambrose  St.;  Treasurer.  Miss  Millie  Reid ; 
Executive:  Misses  Aili  Johnson,  Lucy  Miocich. 
Olive  Thompson.  Isabel   Hamer.  Mrs.  W.  Geddes 


A.A.,   Samia    General    Hospital,    Sarnia 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  Shaw;  Pres.,  Miss  M.  Thomp- 
son; Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  V.  Galloway;  Sec.  Miss 
F.  Morrison.  ISSi^  N.  Front  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  I. 
Dunford;  Committee  Conveners:  Social,  Misa 
Revington ;  Program,  Miss  Bloomfield ;  Flower 
&  Visiting,  Miss  Cairns;  Alumnae  Room,  Miss 
Shaw;  Nominating,  Miss  Siegrist;  Rep.  to:  The 
Canadian  Nurse  &  Press,  Mrs.   M.   Elrlck. 


A. A.,     Stratford     General     Hospital,     Stratford 

Honourary  President,  Miss  A.  M.  Munn ; 
President,  Miss  Annie  Ballantyne.  General 
Hospital;  Secretary,  Mrs.  Viola  Byrlck,  308 
Huron  Street;  Treasurer.  Miss  Jean  Watson, 
General  Hospital;  Committee  Conveners  :  Social, 
Miss  Bernice  Moore;  Assists:  Miss  L.  Attwood. 
Miss  M.  Mackenzie;  Flower  and  Gifts,  Miss 
M.    Murr. 


A. A..  Ottawa  General  Hospital,  Ottawa 

Hon.  President.  Rev.  Sr.  Flavie  Domitille;  Hon. 
Vice.-Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  Helen  of  Rome;  Pres.,  Miss 
Viola  Foran;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  Alice  Proulx; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Rose  Therien;  Secretary- 
Treasurer.  Miss  Lucille  Brule.  95  Glen  Ave.; 
Membership  Secretary.  Miss  Florence  Lepine; 
Covncillors:  Mmes  E.  Viau.  L.  Dunn,  Misses  E. 
Byrne,   M.   Prindeville.  J.   Larochelle. 


A. A.,   Mack   Training   School,   St.   Catharines 

Presiflent,  Miss  Evelyn  Buchanan;  First  Vice- 
President,  Miss  Kiomer;  Second  Vice-President. 
Miss  Ulpt;  Secretarj'.  Miss  Sayus.  General  Hos- 
pital; Treasurer.  Miss  McMahon ;  Committee 
Conveners:  Program,  Miss  J.  Turner;  Social, 
Miss  Hastie;  Visiting,  Miss  Kirkpatrick;  Re- 
presentatives to:  Press,  Miss  H.  Brown;  The 
Canadian    Nurse,    Miss    A.    Brubaker. 


A. A.,    St.    Luke's    Hospital,    Ottawa 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  E.  Maxwell.  O.B.E. ;  Pres. 
Mrs.  W.  H.  Johnston;  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  J.  Prit- 
chard;  Sec.  Mrs.  J.  Hall.  17  Openago  Rd.; 
Treas..  Mrs.  J.  W.  Shore;  Committees:  Flowers: 
Misses  Lewis.  Craig:  Refreshments:  Misses  Nel- 
son. Allen;  Reps,  to:  Central  Registry:  Mrs. 
Brown.  Miss  Heron :  Local  Council  of  Women, 
Mrs.  Mothersill;  Press,  Miss  Johnston. 


A. A..    St.    Thomas   Memorial    Hospital,   St.   ThonMt 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  J.  M.  Wilson ;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres..  Miss  F.  Kudoha;  Pres..  Miss  E.  Stoddem; 
First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  E.  Ray;  Sec,  Mrs.  B. 
Davidson ;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  E.  Dodds.  33  Welling- 
ton St.;  Treas.  Miss  P.  Howell;  Committee 
Conveners:  Social,  Miss  A.  Claypole;  Flower, 
Miss  M.  Broadlev:  Ways  &  Means.  Miss  A. 
Fryer;  Reps,  to  R.N.A.O.,  Miss  B.  McGee;  Preaa, 
Miss  E.  Jewell. 


A. A.,    Owen    Sound    General    and    Marine    Hospital, 
Owen    Sound 

Honourary  Presidents,  Miss  E.  Webster,  Miss 
R.  Brown;  President,  Miss  C.  MacKeen;  First 
Vice-PresiKlent,    Miss    V.    Reid;    Secretary-Treas- 


A.A.,    The    Grant    Macdonald    Training    School 
for   Nurses,    Toronto 

Honourary    President,    Miss    Pearl    Morrison ; 
President,  Mrs.  E.  Jacques;  Vice-President,  Miss 


746 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


A.  Lendruin;  Recording  Secretarj',  Mis-  M. 
Smith,  130  Dunn  Avenue;  Corresponding  Secre- 
tary, Miss  I.  Lucas,  130  Dunn  Avenue;  Treas- 
urer,   Miss   Maud    Zufelt;    Social  Convener,   M;iss 

B.  Langdon. 

A. A.,    Hospital   for   Sick   Children,   Toronto 

Pres..  Mrs.  D.  E.  MacKenzie;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Mrs.  W.  S.  Keith;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M. 
Mclnnis;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  H,  Booth;  Corr.  Sec, 
.Mrs.  W.  Ritchie.  55  Colin  Ave.;  Treas.,  Miss 
F.    Watson,    H.S.C. 


A. A.,    Riverdale    Hospital,    Toronto 

Pres.,  Mrs.  S.  J.  Hubbert;  First  Vice-Pres., 
.Nfiss  A.  Armstrong;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M. 
Thompson;  Sec,  Mrs.  H.  E.  Radford,  6  Neville 
Pic.  Blvd.;  Treas.,  Mrs.  T.  Fairbaim;  Conveners: 
Program,  Miss  Mathieson ;  Visiting:  Mrs.  Spree- 
man.  Miss  M.  Thompson;  Reps,  to:  P)-ess  &  Pub- 
lication, Miss  J.  Forbes;  R.N.A.O..  Miss  O. 
Gerber;    The    Canadian   Nurse,    Miss    Armstrong. 


E.  Graham.  E.  Clancey,  Mrs.  J.  B.  Wadland; 
Committee  Conveners:  Archives.  Miss  J.  M. 
Kniseley;  Flower,  Mrs.  J.  B.  Wadland;  Social, 
Miss  F.  Chantler;  Program,  Miss  S.  Sewell; 
Gift,  Miss  M.  Fry;  Scholarship,  Miss  G.  Lovell; 
"The  Quarterly",  Mrs.   H.   E.  Wallace. 


A. A.,    Training   School    for    Nurses    of    the    Toronto 

East    General    Hospital    with    which    is    incorporated 

the    Toronto    Orthopedic    Hospital,    Toronto 

Honourary  President,  Miss  Ella  MacLean; 
President,  Miss  Margaret  Purvis;  Secretary, 
Miss  D.  Jean  Smith,  64  Hewitt  Avenue,  Toron- 
to; Treasurer,  Miss  Dorothy  Golden. 

A. A.,    Toronto    Western    Hospital,    Toronto 

Hon.  Presidents,  Miss  B.  Ellis.  Mrs.  C.  J. 
Currie;  President,  Mrs.  Douglas  Cliant;  Vice- 
President,  Miss  Mae  Palk;  Corresponding  Secret- 
arj'.  Miss  Isabel  Kee.  Nurses  Residence,  T.W.H.; 
Recording  Secretary,  Mrs.  Fooks;  Treasurer,  Miss 
Benita  Post.  Western  Hospital;  Representative 
to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Elizabeth  Westren. 


A. A.,    St.    John's    Hospital,   Toronto 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sr.  Beatrice;  Pres.,  Miss  M.  Mar- 
tin; First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  D.  Whiting;  Sec 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Creighton ;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss 
M.  Anderson ;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  M.  Riches,  St. 
John's  Convalescent  Hospital;  Treas.,  Miss  A. 
Greenwood;  Entertainment  Convener,  Miss  R. 
Ramsden ;  Visiting  Convener,  Miss  L.  Richard- 
son ;  Rep.  to  Press,  Miss  E.  Price. 


A.A.,   Wellesley   Hospital,   Toronto 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  K.  Jones;  Pres.,  Miss  J. 
Harris;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Stanton;  .Sec 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Johnston;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss 
G.  Schwindt;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  M.  Russell,  4 
Thurloe  Ave. ;  Treas..  Miss  J.  Brown ;  Treas. 
Sirk  Fund,  Miss  D.  Good;  General  Committee: 
Misses  E.  Cowan,  J.  Hayden,  B.  Calvert,  J. 
Laird.    H.   Wark,    G.    Bolton,   Mrs.   Reeve. 


A.A.,  St.  Joseph's   Hospital,   Toronto 

Pres.,  Miss  T.  Hushin ;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss 
M.  Goodfriend ;  Sec  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  V.  Smith ; 
Rec.  Sec,  Miss  M.  Donovan ;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss 
M.  T.  Caden,  474  Vaughan  Rd.;  Treas.,  Miss  L. 
Hill;  Entertainment  Convener,  Mrs.  J.  Shapley; 
Program.  Convener,  Miss  M.  Kelly;  Representa- 
tive  to  R.N.A.O.,   Miss   C.   Knaggs. 


A. A.,    Women's    College    Hospital,    Toronto 

Honourary  President,  Mrs.  Bowman;  Honoiirar) 
Vice-President,  Miss  H.  T.  Melklejohn;  Pienl 
dent,  Mrs.  S.  Hall.  86fi  Manning  Ave.  ; 
Recording  Secretary,  Miss  Isabel  Hall.  Women'* 
College  Hospital;  Treasurer,  Miss  W.  Woitli, 
93  Scarbora  Beach  Blvd.;  Representnlive  to 
The   Canadian   Nurse.   Miss   Mary   Chalk. 


A.A.,    St.    Michael's    Hospital,    Toronto 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sr.  Mary  of  the  Nativity;  Hon. 
Vice-Pres..  Sr.  M.  Kathleen ;  Pres..  Miss  D. 
Murphy;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Stone;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres..  Miss  K.  Boyle;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  M. 
McRae;  Corr.  Sec,  Mrs.  M.  Benny,  2510  Bloor 
St.  W.,  Apt.  1;  Treas.,  Miss  K.  Meagher;  Coun- 
cillors: Misses  M.  Hughes,  E.  Crocker.  K.  Ham- 
mil;  Committee  Conveners:  Press,  Miss  H.  Ca- 
vanagh;  Mag.  Editor,  Miss  M.  Crowley;  Assoc. 
Membership,  Mrs.  R.  Sllngerland;  Reps,  to:  Hos- 
pital &  School  of  Nursing  Section,  Miss  G.  Mur- 
phy; Public  Health  Section,  Miss  M.  Tisdale; 
Local  Council  of  Women,  Mrs.  T.  Scully. 


A. A.,    School    of    Nursing,    University    of    Toronto, 
Toronto 


A. A.,    Ontario    Hospital,    New    Toronto 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  E.  Rothery,  Mrs.  C.  Brock; 
Pres..  Miss  L.  Sinclair:  First  Vice-Pres.  Miss 
M.  Wright;  Rec  Sec.  Miss  E.  McCalpin ;  Corr. 
Sec.  Miss  E.  Greenslade,  Ontario  Hospital; 
Treas.,  Miss  V.  Dodd;  Committee  Conveners: 
Program,  Miss  B.  Thompson ;  Social,  Miss  A. 
McArthur;  Visit  ng  &  Flower.  Miss  G.  Reid; 
Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  D.  Wylie. 


A.A.,  Grace   Hospital,   Windsor 

President,  Adjutant  Gladys  Barker:  Vice 
President,  Miss  Phyllis  Hardcastle;  Secretary 
Miss  Jeanette  Ferguson.  Grace  Hospital:  Treao 
urer.  Miss  Jean  Galloway;  Echoes'  Editor,  Ad 
jutant  Gladys  Barker. 


Hon.  Pres..  Miss  E.  K.  Russell;  Hon.  Vice-Pres.. 
Miss  F.  H.  Emory;  Pres..  Miss  M.  Macfarland; 
First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  J.  Leask;  Sec.  Vice-Pres. 
Miss  E.  Cryderman;  Sec,  Miss  M.  Nicol.  226  St. 
George  St.;  Treas..  Miss  E.  J.  Davidson:  Con- 
veners: Membership,  Mrs.  M.  McCutcheon;  En- 
doirment  Fund,  Miss  E.  Eraser;  Program,  Miss 
J.   M'ilson:    Social,   Miss   B.   Ross. 


A.A.,   Toronto   General   Hospital,   Toronto 

Pres.,  Miss  Ethel  Cryderman ;  First  Vice-Pres. 
Miss  Marion  Stewart ;  Sec  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  R.  F. 
Chisholm:  Sec. -Treas..  Miss  Leslie  Shearer,  5 
High  Park  Ave.;  Councillors:  Misses  C.  Wallace. 


A.A.,   Hotel-Dieu,   Windsor 

Hon.  Past  Pres.,  Sr.  Marie  de  la  Ferre:  Hon. 
Pres..  Rev.  M.  Claire  Maitre;  Pres.,  Miss  Ellen 
Cox;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  J.  Byrne;  Sec 
Vice-Pres..  Miss  J.  Duck;  Sec,  Miss  M.  Beaton. 
1542  Goyeau  St.;  Con.  Sec,  Sr.  M.  Roy.  H6tel- 
Dieu  Hospital:  Treas.,  Miss  M.  Lawson :  Visit- 
ing Committee:  Misses   M.   May.   B.   Beuglet. 

A. A.,  General   Hospital,   Woodstock 

Pres..  Miss  Mary  Matheson ;  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs. 
Jack  Town;  Sec.  Miss  A.  Aitcheson ;  Ass.  Sec, 
Miss    M.    I.    Matheson;    Treas.,    Miss    .\.    Amott: 


OFFICIAL    DIRECTORY 


747 


Ass.  Treas..  Miss  K.  Mahon;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  E. 
Rickard.  211  Wellington  St.;  Committee  Conve- 
ners: Flowers  &  Gifts:  Misses  M.  Hodgins.  N. 
Smith;  Program,  Miss  M.  Gillespie;  Social,  Mrs. 
King;  Rep.  to  Press,  Miss  B.  Calvert. 


QUEBEC 

A.A.,   Children's   Memorial   Hotpiul,   Montreal 

Hon.  Presidents.  Misses  A.  S.  Kinder.  E. 
Alexander;  Pres..  Miss  H.  Nuttall;  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  M.  Robinson;  Sec.  Miss  Rose  Wilkinson. 
Children's  Memorial  Hospital;  Treas.,  Miss  R. 
Allison ;  Social  Convener,  Miss  A.  Cameron ; 
Representatives  to:  Private  Duty  Section,  Miss 
V.   Ford;   The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  M.  Collins. 

A. A.,  Homoeopathic  Hospital,  Montreal 

Hon.    Pres.   Miss    V.    Graham;    Pres.,    Miss   N. 

Gage:  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  J.  Morris;  Sec.  Miss 
M.  Stewart.  865  Richmond  Sq.;  Treas.  Mrs.  M.  I. 
Warren;  Conveners:  Sick  Benefit,  Mrs.  War- 
ren; Visiting:  Misses  Campbell,  Currie;  Pro- 
gram, Miss  Macdonald;  Refreshment,  Miss  Per- 
ron ;  General  Nursing  Section :  Misses  Allnutt, 
Snas.lell-Taylor. 


A. A,     Lachine     General     Hospital,     Lachinc 


llonourari'  President.  Miss  L.  M.  Brown; 
I'resident.  Miss  Ruby  Goodfellow;  Vice-Presi- 
ilent.  Miss  Myrtle  Gieason;  Secretary-Treasurer. 
Mi>.  Hyrtlia  Jobber,  6o-.5lst  Ave..  Dixie — La- 
liiiie:  General  Nursing  Representative,  Miss 
Kulty  Goodfellow;  Executive  Committee:  Mrs. 
rtarlow.   Mrs.   Gaw.   Miss   Dewar. 


Sec  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  W.  McLean;  Rec  Sec. 
Miss  D.  Goodill;  Sec-Treas.,  Miss  Grace  Moffat, 
R.V.H.;  Board  of  Directors  'without  office): 
Miss  E.  Flanagan,  Mrs.  E.  O'Brien;  Conveners 
of  Standing  Committees:  Finance,  Mrs.  R. 
Fetherstonhaugh ;  Program,  Miss  G.  Yeats; 
Scholarship,  Miss  W.  MacLean;  General  Nursing, 
Miss  E.  Killins;  Conveners  of  Other  Committees: 
Canteen,  Mrs.  W.  A.  G.  Bauld;  Red  Cross,  Mrs. 
F.  E.  McKenty;  Visiting,  Miss  Purcell;  Reps,  to: 
Local  Council  of  Women,  Mrs.  V.  Ward.  Miss 
K.  Diclison ;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  G. 
Martin. 


A. A.,   St.    Mary's   Hospital,    Montreal 


Hon.  Pres..  Rev.  Sister  Rozon ;  Pres..  Miss 
E.  O'Hare;  Vice-Pres..  Miss  M.  Smith;  Rec.  Sec 
Mrs.  L.  O'Connell;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  E.  O'Connell; 
4625  Eamscliffe  Ave.;  Treas..  Miss  E.  Quinn; 
Committees:  EnteHainment:  Misses  Marwan,  D. 
McCarthy,  McDerby,  Ryan;  Visiting:  Misses 
Brown.  Coleman,  Mullins;  Spcial  Nurses:  Misses 
Goodman.  P.  McCarthy;  Reps,  to:  Press:  Misses 
Zurick,  CuUigan;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  E, 
Toner. 


A.A.,     School     for     Graduate     Nurses. 
McGill     University,     Montreal 

Pres.,  Miss  Margaret  Brady;  Vice-Pres..  Miss 
Winnifred  McCunn ;  Sec-Treas.,  Miss  Jessie 
Cooke.  Woman's  General  Hospital,  Westmount; 
Conveners:  Flora  M.  Shaw  Memorial  Fund,  Mrs. 
L.  H.  Fisher;  Program,  Miss  R.  Lamb;  Represen- 
tatives to:  Local  Council  of  Women:  Mrs.  J.  R. 
Taylor,  Miss  E.  Martin;  The  Canadian  Nurse, 
Miss  C.   Aitkenhead,  Homoeopathic  Hospital. 


L'Association    des    Gardes-Malades     Diplomees, 
Hopital     Notre-Dame,    Montreal 

Hon.  Pres..  R^v.  Sr.  Papineau;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres..  Rev.  Sr.  Decary ;  Pres.  Mile  Eva  M^rizzi ; 
First  Vice-Pres..  Mile  Germaine  Latour;  Sec 
Vice-Pres.,  Mile  Laurence  Deguire;  Rec.  Sec, 
Mile  Ola  Sarrazin ;  Corr. -Sec,  Mile  Bernadette 
Magnan,  2205  rue  Maisonneuve ;  Assoc.  Sec, 
Mile  S.  B^laire;  Councillors:  Miles  M.  Lussier. 
C.    Lazure,    J.    Vanier. 


A.A.,    Montreal   General    Hospkal,    Montreal 

Hon.  Presidents,  Miss  Webster,  Miss  Tedford; 
Hon.  Treasurer,  Miss  Dunlop:  President.  Miss 
Catherine  Anderson :  First  Vice-President  Miss 
Bertha  Birch :  Second  Vice-President.  Miss  Mar>' 
Long;  Recording  Secretary.  Miss  Jean  McNair; 
Corresponding  Secretary.  Miss  Mabel  Shannon. 
Nurses  Home.  Montreal  General  Hospital;  Trea- 
surer. Miss  Isabel  Da  vies;  Committees:  Execu- 
tive: Misses  M.  K.  Holt.  A.  Whitney,  H.  Bartsch. 
E.  Robertson,  Mrs.  F.  Johnston;  Program:  Misses 
M.  Batson  E.  Denman,  K.  .^nnesley:  Refresh- 
ment: Misses  Clifford  Cconvener).  Michie.  A. 
Scott.  B.  Broadhurst.  M.  McQuarrie:  Visiting: 
Misses  M.  Ross.  B.  Miller.  H.  Christian ;  Repre- 
sentatives to:  General  Nursing  Section:  Misses 
A.  Whitney.  M.  McLeod.  C.  Pope.  J.  Ross;  Local 
Council  of  Women:  Misses  A.  Costigan.  M.  Ste- 
vens;  The  Canadian  Nurse:  Miss  C.  Watling. 


A. A..    Royal    Victoria    Hospital,    Montreal 

Hon.    Pres.,    Miss    Mabel    Hersey;    Pres.,    Mrs. 
R.  A.  Taylor;   First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  F.  Munroe; 


A.A.,  Woman's  General  Hospital,  Westmount 


Hon.  Presidents,  Misses  Trench.  Pearson;  Pres.. 
Miss  C.  Martin;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  Crewe; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Rosen ;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss 
Van-Buskirk;  Corr.  Sec,  Mrs.  G.  Bentley,  3582 
University  St.;  Treas..  Miss  Francis;  Committees: 
Visiting:'  Misses  T.  Wood,  G.  Wilson;  Social: 
Mrs.  Saginur.  Miss  Yellin ;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian 
Nurse,  Miss  Francis. 


A. A.,    Jeffery    Hale's    Hospital,    Quebec 


Pres..  Mrs.  A.  W.  G.  Macalister;  First  Vice- 
Pres..  Mrs.  L.  Teakle;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  G. 
Weary;  Sec.  Miss  M.  G.  Fischer,  305  Grande 
Allee:  Treas..  Mrs.  W.  D.  Fleming;  Councillors: 
Misses  Wolfe.  Kennedy,  Fitzpatrick,  Ross,  Mrs. 
Pfeiffer;  Committees:  Refreshment:  Misses  Kirt- 
sen,  Jones,  Warren,  Dawson;  Visiting:  Misses 
Douglas  (convener),  Martin,  Mmes.  Raphael. 
Gray;  Program:  Mmes.  Young,  Teakle,  Misses 
Lunam.  Douglas;  Reps,  to:  Private  Dutv  Sec- 
tion: Misses  Walsh,  Perry;  The  Canadian  Nurse, 
Miss  N.  Humphries. 


A. A..    Sherbrooke    Hospital.    Sherbrooke 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  V.  K.  Bean ;  Pres..  Mrs.  H. 
Leslie:  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  N.  Malone;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  G.  Ransehousen;  Rec  Sec, 
.Mrs.  G.  Sangster;  Corr.  Sec,  Mrs.  R.  Mooney, 
174  Portland  Ave.;  Entertainment  Convener, 
Mrs.  W.  Cohoon ;  Representatives  to:  Private 
Duty  Section.  Miss  D.  Ross;  The  Canadian  Nurse, 
Mrs.   G.   MacKay,   35   Bcthune  St. 


748 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


SASKATCHEWAN 

A.A.,  Grey  Nuns'  Hospital,  Regina 
Honourary  President.  Sr.  M.  J.  Tougas;  Presi- 
dent. Mrs.  A.  Counter;  Vice-President,  Mrs. 
F.  Racette;  Secretary-Treasurer,  Mrs.  R.  Mo- 
gridge;  Corresponding  Secretan',  Miss  Ina  M. 
Montgomery,  Grey  Nuns'  Hospital. 

A.A.,   Regina   General   Hospital,   Regina 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  D.  WilsOn;  Pres.,  Miss  M. 
Brown;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  R.  Ridley;  Sec, 
Miss  V.  Mann,  Regina  General  Hospital;  Treas., 
Miss  E.  Sweitzer,  R.G.H.;  Representatives  to: 
Local  Paper,  Miss  G.  Glasgow;  The  Canadian 
Nurse,  Miss  K.  Shai-p. 

A. A.,    St.    Paul's    Hospital,    Saskatoon 

Hon.  Pres..  Sister  La  Pierre;  Pres..  Miss  F. 
Bateman ;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Bohl ;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  E.  Turner;  .Sec,  Miss  C. 
Castagnier,   St.   Paul's   Hospital;    Treas.,   Miss   L. 


Strate;  Councillors:  Mrs.  A.  Hyde,  Mrs.  A. 
Thompson.  Miss  A.  Templeman.  Mrs.  H.  Mackay; 
Watjs  &  Means  Committee:  Mrs.  C.  Darbellay, 
Mrs.   B.  Hayes,  Mrs.  A.   Barlcer. 

A. A.,  Saskatoon  City  Hospital,  Saskatoon 
Hon.  Pres..  Nfiss  E.  Howard;  Pres.,  Miss  M. 
Chisholm ;  Vice-Pres..  Miss  Collins,  Miss  Grant; 
Rec.  Sec.  Miss  D.  Bjarnason;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss 
D.  Duff.  S.C.H.;  Treas.,  Miss  E.  Graham;  Con- 
veners: Ways  &  Means,  Mrs.  C.  Fletcher;  Social, 
Mrs.  J.  Gibson;  Program,  Mrs.  H.  Atwell;  Red 
Cross,  Mrs.  T.  Binnie;  Visiting  &  Flower,  Miss 
V.  Bergren;   Press,  Miss  M.   Fofonoff. 

A. A.,  Yorkton  Queen  Victoria  Hospital,  Yorkton 
Honourary  President,  Mrs.  L.  V.  Barnes;  Pre- 
sident. Mrs.  J.  Young;  Vice-President,  Miss  E. 
Flanagan ;  Secretary.  Mrs.  T.  E.  Darroch,  59 
Haultain  Ave.;  Treasurer,  Mrs.  G.  Heard;  Coun- 
cillors: Mrs.  W.  Sharpe,  Mrs.  F.  Kisljy,  Mrs.  J. 
Parker;  Social  Convener,  Mrs.  G.  Parsons;  Re- 
presentative  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Mrs.  W. 
Sharpe. 


Associations  of  Graduate  Nurses 


Overseas     Nursing     Sisters     AssociatioB 
of    Canada 

Pres.,  Miss  F.  Munroe,  Royal  Victoria  Hos 
pital.  Montreal;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  C.  M 
Watling,  Montreal;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  H.  Palce 
Montreal;  Third  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  B.  Anderson 
Ottawa;  Sec.-Treas.,  Miss  E.  Frances  Upton 
Ste  1019.  Medical  Arts  Bldg..  Montreal;  Re 
presentatives  from  Local  Unit:  Mrs.  C.  E.  Bi 
saillon,  753  Bienville  St..  Apt.  5.  Montreal 
Miss  M.  Moag.  V.  0.  N.,  Montreal. 


URITISH   COLUMBIA 

Kamloops   Graduate   Nurses    Association 

Pres.,  Mrs.  Markley;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  O.  Gar- 
rood;  Sec,  Miss  E.  Davis.  Royal  Inland  Hos- 
pital; Treas.  Miss  F.  Aberdeen;  Committee  Con- 
veners: Program,  Mrs.  R.  Howard;  Social,  Mrs. 
S.  Dajgleish;  Ways  &  Means,  Miss  M.  Williams; 
Membership,  Miss  Naylor;  Representatives  to 
The  Canadian  Nurse,  Misses  J.  Norquay,  Turn- 
bull. 

Nelson   Registered  Nurses  Association 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  V.  B.  Eidt;  Pres..  Miss  Turn 
bull;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  B.  Laing;  Sec.  Vice 
Pres.,  Miss  B.  Hayden ;  Sec.  Miss  H.  Tompkins 
Kootenay  Lake  Gen.  Hospital;  Treas.,  Miss  G 
Carr;  Committees:  General  Nursing,  Miss  K 
Scott;  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  V 
Eidt;  Public  Health.  Miss  N.  Dunn;  Ways  & 
Means.  Miss  E.  Sutherland;  Social  &  Program 
Miss  M.  Bower;  Visiting,  Miss  N.  Murphy;  Mem 
bership.  Miss  J.  Boutwell;  Library,  Mrs.  A 
O'Connor:  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  M 
Ross. 

New    Westminster    Graduate    Nurses    Association 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  C.  E.  Clark;  Pres..  Mrs.  A. 
Way;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  E.  Scott  Grey;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  A.  MacPhail;  Sec,  Miss  E. 
Beatt,  243  Keary  St.;  Treas..  Mrs.  T.  Jones; 
Assist.  Sec.  &  Treas..  Miss  B.  Smith. 


Trail  Chapter,  Registered  Nurses  Association  of 
British  Columbia 
President,  Miss  Marjory  Fletcher;  Vice-Presi- 
dent. Miss  Edythe  Crosson;  Secretary,  Mlsa 
Phyllis  Slader,  Nurses  Residence,  Trail-Tadanac 
Hospital,  Trail;  Treasurer,  Miss  Eileen  Somer- 
ville;  Representative  to  The  Canadian  Nurse, 
Miss    Joyce    Greenwood. 

Victoria    Chapter,     Registered    Nurses     Association 
of   British    Columbia 

Pres..  Mrs.  J.  H.  Russell;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Sr.  M.  Claire;  Sec  Vice-Pres..  Miss  H.  Latornell; 
Rec.  Sec,  Miss  G.  Wahl;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  H. 
Unsworth,  Royal  Jubilee  Hospital;  Treas.,  Miss 
N.  Knipe;  Conveners:  General  Nursing,  Miss  K. 
Powell;  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing.  Sr.  M. 
Gregory;  Public  Health.  Miss  H.  Kilpatrick; 
Directory,  Mrs.  G.  Bothwell;  Finance.  Miss  M. 
Dickson;  Membership,  Sr.  M.  Gabrielle;  Program, 
Miss  D.  Calquhoun ;  Publications.  Miss  M.  La- 
turnus:  Nnminating,  "Siiss,  L.  Eraser;  Corr.  Dele- 
gate of  Placement  Bureau,  Mrs.  Bothwell;  Re- 
gistrar, Miss  E.  Franks. 


MANITOBA 

Brandon  Graduate  Nurses  Association 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  E.  Birtles,  O.B.E.:  Pres.,  Mrs. 
S.  Purdue;  Vice-Pres..  Miss  M.  Morton,  Sec, 
Miss  A.  Crighton.  Brandon  General  Hospital; 
Treas.,  Mrs.  J.  Selbie;  Registrar,  Miss  C.  Mac- 
leod;  Conveners:  Red  Cross,  Mrs.  H.  McKenzie; 
Social.  Miss  M.  Trotter;  Press.  Miss  W.  Mitchell; 
General  Nursing,  Miss  G.  Lamont;  Rep.  to  The 
Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  G.   Kennettle. 


QUEBEC 

Montreal    Graduate    Nurses    Association 

President.  Miss  Effie  Killins;  Fli^t  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  Clarice  Smith;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Lil- 
lian MacKinnon;  Hon.  Sec.-Treas.,  Miss  Doro- 
thy Shoemaker.  1290  Bishop  St.;  Director  of 
Nursing  Registry,  Miss  E.  B.  Ross,  1284  Bishop 
St.  Regular  meetings  second  Tuesday  January, 
first    Tuesday    April,    October,    and    December. 


i  VOLUME  38 

NUMBER    10 

OCTOBER 

19     4     2 


int 


CANADIAN 
NURSE 


The  Nightingale  Tree 


Photograph  by  Cory  M.   Taylor 
See  page  756 


OWNED       AND       PUBLISHED       BY 
THE     CANADIAN     NUBSES     ASSOCIATION 


U.  I've  heard  that  canners  just  use  the  surplus  crops. 
Is  that  true? 

A.  No.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  many  of  the  varieties  used  for 
canning  can  not  be  obtained  in  any  other  form.  Most 
canners  contract  for  their  crops  for  canning,  months  in 
advance.  They  usually  specify  the  variety  of  fruit  or 
vegetables  wanted.  And  in  many  cases  this  means 
furnishing  seeds  or  plants  especially  developed  for  their 
purposes,  (i) 

American  Can  Company,  Hamilton,  Ontario; 
American  Can  Company  Ltd.,  Vancouver,  B.C. 


(l)  1939.  Agr.  Expt.  Sta.  Univ.  Wisconsin,  Bui.  444. 
1939.  Univ.  Maryland  Agr.  Expt.  Sta.  Bui.  425. 
1937.  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.  Farmers  Bui.  1253. 
1937.  Univ.  Illinois  Agr.  Expt.  Sta.  and  Extension 
Service  in  Agr.  and  Home  Econ.  Circular  472. 
1929.  Univ.  Maryland  Agr.  Expt.  Sta.  Bui.  318. 


FOR   BLOOD   D^ONORS 


HEMATINIC  PLASTULES 


Hematinic  Plastules  provide  iron  in  the  ferrous  state  quickly 
available  for  conversion  into  hemoglobin.  They  are  easy 
to  take  and  well  tolerated.  Each  Plastule  contains  dried 
ferrous  sulphate  U.  S.  P.  X.  5  gr.-  and  yeast  concentrate 
.75  gr..  supplied  in  bottles  of  75  and  in  bulk.  Also  available 
with  Liver  Extract  in  bottles  of  50  and  in  bulk. 


Ferrous  Iron  Sealed  from  the  Air  but  not  from  the  Patient 


tFowIer  and  Barer :  "Rate  of  Hemoglobin  Regeneration 
in   Blood   Donors."  J.A.MA.,   118:421:1942. 


John  Wyetk  C  Brother  (Ciiatfa)  Linittd    •    Walktrvill*.  OiUrio 


DEODORANT 


Safely 

stops  perspiration 

1  to  3  days 

Non -Greasy  .  .  .  Stainless  .  .  .  Takes  odor 

from   perspiration 
Use   before   or  after  shaving 
Non-irritating  .   .  .  won't  harm   dresses 
No   waiting  to  dry  ...  vanishes  quickly 
GUARANTEE — Money  refunded  if  you 
don't  agree  that  this  new  cream  is  the 
best  deodorant  you've  ever  tried!  The 
Odorono  Co.,  Ltd.,  980  St.  Antoine 
Street,  Montreal,  P.Q. 


QDQROPQ^ 


1   Full  0.£.39  j'— No!  Just  K  Half  Or. 


REGISTRATION  OF  NURSES 
Province  of  Ontario 


EXAMINATION 
ANNOUNCEMENT 


An  examination  for  the  Registra- 
tion of  Nurses  in  the  Province  of 
Ontario  will  be  held  on  November 
18th,  19th  and  20th. 

Application  forms,  information 
regarding  subjects  of  examination 
and  general  information  relating 
thereto,  may  be  had  upon  written 
application  to: 


lALEXANBRA  M.  MUNN,  Reg.  N., 
Parliament   Buildings,  Toronto 


The  American  Hospital  Bureau 

1823  Empire  State  Building 
New  York  City 


Offers  to  Hospitals  in  Canada  and  the 
United  States  a  professional  placement 
service^  for  Hospital  and  Nnrsinr  School 
Administrators,  Instructors,  Supervisors, 
Anaesthetists,  Dietitians,  Technicians,  and 
General  Duty  Nurses.  All  credentials  per- 
sonally  verified. 


C.  M.  Powell,  R.  N.,  Director 


THE  CENTRAL 

REGISTRY  OF  GRADUATE 

NURSES,  TORONTO 

Furnish  Nurses 
at     any    hour 
DAY  or  NIGHT 

TELEPHONE  Kingsdale  2136 

Physicians'      and      Surgeons'      BIdg., 

86    Bloor    Street,    West,    TORONTO 

HELEN  CARRUTHERS,  Reg.  N. 


750 


Vol.  38.  No.  10 


Mens  Sana  in  corpore  sano 


to  lite  keaLtlt  or  ^aytaJia  ^  uoidXlt, 


wo  14.  ho^toi^tx. 


a^ 


ton. 


101 


AYERST,  McKENNA  &  HARRISON  LIMITED,  PH^rr^^ilfl^Ji  clirr.ists,  MONTREAL,  CANADA 


OCTOBER,  1942 


NUPERCAINAL    Ciba 


It 


A    highly    efficient   analgesic    and    anti-pruritic    ointment    with    a 
prolonged  anaesthetic  action 

for  the  relief  from  pain  and  itching  in  affections  of  the  skin  and 
mucous  membranes,  such  as 

SUNBURN  BURNS  HAEMORRHOIDS 

ULCERS  BED-SORES  CRACKED  NIPPLES 

DRY  ECZEMA  PRURITUS  ANI  AND  VULVAE 

Tubes  of  one  ounce  and  jars  of  one  pound 
Professional  samples  on  request. 

Ciba  Company  Ltd.      -      Montreal 


PEDICULOSIS 

caused  by  head,  body  or  crab 
lice  cleared  up  —  usually  in 
one    application.    Cuprex 
destroys  the  nits  as  well 
as  the   lice.   No  un- 
pleasant odor  -  not 
sticky.    Obtain- 
able    at     all 
drug 
stores. 

CUPREX 

A  MERCK  PRODUCT 

MERCK  &  CO.,  LIMITED  -  -  MONTREAL 


752  Vol.  38,  No.   10 


MUM  REFRESHING 


TO     SUBDUE 
POSTPARTUM     ODORS 


The  use  of  mum  to  combat  unpleasant  menstrual  and 
lochial  odors  will  certainly  be  appreciated  by  the  post- 
partum patient.  If  you  have  ever  tried  mum  on  the  sani- 
tary napkin  you  will  know  the  effectiveness  of  this  dainty, 
snow-white  cream  deodorant,  mum  is  non-irritant;  does 
not  stain  clothing  or  bedding,  mum  is  highly  pop- 
ular among  nurses  as  a  general  underarm  and  body 
deodorant  to  combat  disagreeable  odors  of  stale  per- 
spiration without  interfering  with  normal  sweat  gland 
aaivity.  Also  for  freshening  and  soothing  hot,  tired  feet. 

BRISTOL-MYERS    COMPANY 

« 

1241-00  Rue  Benoit,  Montreal,  Canada 


MUM    TAKES    THE     ODOR    OUT    OF    STALE    PERSPIRATION 


Ihe    Canadian    Nurse 

Registered    at    Ottawa,    Canada,    as    second    class    matter. 

Editor  and  Business  Manager: 
ETHEL  JOHNS,  Reg.  N.,  1411   Crescent  Street,  Montreal,  P.Q. 


CONTENTS  FOR  OCTOBER,   1942 

Our  National  Duty          ------        M.    Lindeburgh  759 

The  Treatment  of  Poliomyelitis  in  the  Acute  Stage        A.  E.  Deacon.  M.D.  763 

Nursing  Aspects  of  Poliomyelitis       -          -             D.  Parry  and  M.  Flander  767 

Appreciation  of  Miss  Helen  Locke    ----___  ygg 

Food  in  a  Nation  at  War          -         -         _         _         _           i,   c   Pepper  ill 

With  the  Canadian  Orthopaedic  Unit  for  Scotland      -         -         -         -  llA 

Leaves  from  Alberta  Public  Health  Diaries    B.A.  Emerson  and  E. I.  Stewart  775 

A  Word  from  the  Patient          -          -          _          _          _          ^    Wainwright  778 
Nursing  Service,  R.C.A.M.C.      --------781 

S.R.N.A.  Travelling  Exhibit      -         -         -         -         -    R.    C.    Christilaw  782 

An  Experiment  in  Recruiting   ------    y.   Graham  783 

Nursing  Care  in  Plastic  Surgery  of  the  External  Genitalia   H.  Levenick  785 

New  Officers  of  the  C.N.A.      --------  ygj 

Notes  from  the  National  Office     ■  -         -         -         -         -         -         -  739 

The  Publicity  Campaign             -          -          -          -          -          -  K.  W.  Ellis  791 

L'Ecole  d'Infirmieres  Hygienistes      -------  794 

Sheila  Ann  Makes  her  Debut  ------      g.  Switzer  795 

In  Memory  of  Cory  Mabel  Taylor    -          -          -          -          /.  McDiarmid  798 

Obituaries     -----------  799 

Book  Reviews          ----------  803 

News  Notes  -----------  §08 

Off  Duty       -          -          -          -          -          -          -          -          -          --  814 


Subscription  Price:   $2.00  per  year;  foreign  and  United  States  of  America,  $2.50;  20  cents  a  copy. 

Cheques   and   money   orders   should   be   made   payable   to    The    Canadian   Nurse.   When   remitting   by 
cheque    15    cents    should    be    added    to    cover   exchange. 

Please  address  all  correspondence  to: 
Editor,    The  Canadian   Nurse,   1411    Crescent  Street,   Montreal,   P.Q. 


754  Vol.  38.  No.  lO 


To  form  a  FINE  EMOLLIENT  FILM 

When  an  Anusol  Suppository  is  placed  on  a  piece  of  plate 
glass  and  heated  slightly,  it  will  resolve  and  spread  evenly. 
This  demonstrates  graphically  how  Anusol  Suppositories 
melt  at  body  temperature  to  form  a  fine  emollient  film  that 
lubricates  the  affected  rectal  area.  Thus,  by  their  soothing 
action,  friction  is  minimized,  and  congestion  subsides. 
Prompt  relief  follows,  marked  by  genuine  symptomatic 
improvement,  for  Anusol  Suppositories  contain  no  narcotic 
or  anesthetic  drugs  that  might  mask  symptoms  and  give 
a  false  sense  of  security. 

For  over  three  decades,  physicians  have  found  Anusol  effec- 
tive in  the  non-surgical  treatment  of  hemorrhoids.  Why 
not  observe  for  yourself  the  results  of  its  application?  Write 
on  your  letterhead  for  a  trial  supply.  Anusol  Suppositories 
are  available  for  prescription  in  boxes  of  6  and  12. 

ANUSOL  HEMORRHOIDAL  SUPPOSITORIES 

William  R.  Warner  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  727  King  St.,  West,  Toronto,  Ont. 

OCTOBER,  1942  755 


Reader's  Guide 


A  broad  interpretation  of  our  national 
duty  in  these  daj's  of  storm  and  stress 
comes  from  Marion  Lindeburgh  in  her 
capacity  as  President  of  the  Canadian  Nurses 
Association.  While  emphasizing  the  im- 
portance of  maintaining  good  standards, 
Miss  Lindeburgh  points  out  the  necessity 
of  flexibility  in  dealing  with  the  critical 
situation  which  has  arisen  as  a  result  of 
the  difficulty  of  obtaining  sufficient  work- 
ers to  keep  the  wheels  turning. 


A  masterly  symposium  on  poliomyelitis 
appeared  in  the  June  issue  of  The  Canadian 
Public  Health  Journal.  With  the  kind  per- 
mission of  the  editor,  the  article  dealing 
with  the  acute  stage  is  reprinted  in  this 
issue.  It  was  written  by  Dr.  A.  E. 
Deacon,  attending  orthopaedic  surgeon 
of  the  Children's  Hospital  of  Wirmipeg.  He 
pays  generous  tribute  to  Sister  Elizabeth 
Kenny,  the  Australian  nurse  who  discovered 
a  more  excellent  way  of  treating  this  cruel 
and  baffling  disease. 


The  problem  of  the  production  and  dis- 
tribution of  food  in  wartime  is  affecting 
our  daily  lives  even  in  this  land  of  abundant 
harvests.  Laura  C  Pepper  is  the  Chief 
of  the  Consumer  Section  of  the  Federal 
Department  of  Agriculture  and,  because 
she  knows  whereof  she  speaks,  deserves  a 
careful  hearing. 


The  Children's  Hospital  of  Montreal  re- 
cently had  to  cope  with  an  outbreak  of 
poliomyelitis.  Dora  Parry  is  the  superin- 
tendent of  nurses  and  Madeleine  Flander 
is  the  instructress  and  from  them  we  learn 
why  skilled  nursing  care  was  possible  even 
when  the  shortage  of  domestic  help  also 
became  acute.  The  nursing  staff  responded 
magnificently,  and  so  did  the  voluntary 
workers  who  "saved  the  situation  by  wash- 
ing the  dishes". 


Proof  that  public  health  nursing  in  rural 
Alberta  is  still  a  thrilling  pioneer  ad- 
venture  may  be    found   in   leaves    from   the 


diaries    of    Blanche  Emerson    and    E.  Irene 
Stewart  both  of  whom  are  members  of  the 
nursing  staff  of  the  Provincial  Department 
of   Public   Health. 


Interesting  experiments  in  recruiting 
student  nurses  are  jointly  reported  upon  by 
Vera  Graham,  superintendent  of  nurses  in 
the  Montreal  Homoeopathic  Hospital  and 
Sister  Anna,  superintendent  of  All  Saints 
Hospital.  Springhill,  Nova  Scotia.  The  co- 
operation of  the  .Alumnae  Associations  and 
the    student    nurses    was    a   notable    feature. 


Under  the  caption  of  the  General  Nursing 
Page,  Edith  Wainwright  has  a  word  to 
say  from  a  lay  woman's  point  of  view  which 
ought  to  set  us  thinking.  Mrs.  Wainwright 
is  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Education 
of  Owen  Sound,  Ontario. 


There  are  certain  surgical  procedures  in 
which  a  favourable  outcome  depends  upon 
skilled  nursing  care.  Helen  Levenick  des- 
cribes the  methods  used  in  the  gynecological 
department  of  the  Vancouver  General  Hos- 
pital   where   she   is   the   head   nurse. 


An  energetic  publicity  campaign  is  now  be- 
ing carried  on  in  the  press  and  over  the 
radio  under  the  auspices  of  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association.  In  her  capacity  as 
Emergency  Nursing  Adviser,  Kathleen  W. 
Ellis  tells  us  how  we  may  help  by  per- 
suading the  members  of  the  community  to 
learn  about  the  potentialities  of  nursing 
as    an    indispensable    public    service. 


In  the  gardens  of  Embley  Park  there  is 
a  tree  under  which  Florence  Nightingale 
taught  her  Sunday  School  class.  When  the 
congress  of  the  International  Council  of 
Nurses  was  held  in  Britain  Cory  M.  Taylor 
wrote  the  story  for  the  Journal  and  made  the 
excellent  photographs  which  illustrated  it. 
One  of  the  most  beautiful  was  the  picture  of 
"the  Nightingale  Tree"  which  appears  on 
the  cover.  It  is  placed  there  as  as  tribute  to 
the  memorv  of  a  sensitive  and  talented  artist. 


756 


Vol.  38,  No.   10 


r 


^i 


^     ^ 


LU 


B 


SHADiD  AREAS  SHOW 

PKOPORTIONS    SUPPLIED 

BY    PADGRAN 


^f^jSSSp^^'^'^^ 


and  set  an 


ide^nate, 


Now,  more  than  ever  before,  it  is  necessary  to  make 
certain  that  our  people  are  receiving  adequate 
amounts  of  accessory  food  elements.  Now,  with 
physicians  busier  than  ever,  there  is  need  for 
products  which  will  simplify  the  application  of  the 
basic  principles  of  good  nutrition. 

The  House  of  Squibb  has  made  a  real  contribution 
to  practical  nutrition  by  providing  Pargran-V  and 
Pargran-M.  Study  the  charts  above  and  you  will 
see  that  Pargran — 

.  .  .  provides  a  rationally  balanced  and  adequate 
vitamin-mineral  supplement  for  use  when  food 
sources  fail; 

.  .  .  affords  flexibility  of  dosage — supplying  vitamins 
or  minerals  or  both — in  \i,  H,  M  or  the  full  daily 
allowance; 

.  .  .  fulfills  the  recommendations  of  the  Committee 
on  Foods  and  Nutrition  of  the  National  Research 
Council  U.S.A. 

.  .  .  provides  the  advantages  of  convenience  and 
economy. 


PARGRAN-M 


TOgONTO.  "CANADA        ... 


Write  now  for  complete 
information  about  Pargran-V 
and  Par gran-M.  Address 
36  Caledonia  Rd.  Toronto,  Cnt. 


E  R: Squibb  &.  Sons  of  Canada,  Ltd. 

MANUFACTURING     CHEMISTS     TO     THE     MEDICAL     PROFESSION     SINCE    1858 


OCTOBER,  1942 


757 


If  patients  in  your  hospital  are  laxative-shy — and  a  good 
many   undoubtedly   are  —  give   them   Para-Syllia.    This 
pleasant-acting   mechanical   laxative  —  although   it   con- 
tains 80  %  heavy  mineral  oil  —  is  entirely  free  from  the 
disagreeable,  oily  taste  so  many  patients  find  objection- 
able.    Instead,    Para-Syllia    has    a    delicate,    appealing      ' 
flavor  that  is  acceptable  to  children  and  adults  alike.  Because 
its   mineral   oil   base  is   finely   emulsified,    Para-Syllia  mixes 
intimately  with  intestinal  contents,  producing  a  soft,  formed 
stool  and  minimizing  embarrassing  leakage.  An  additional  advan- 
tage  of   Para-Syllia   is   that   it   may   be   mixed,   if   desired,   with 
liquids  or  solid  foods.  Since  it  contains  no  sugar,  Para-Syllia  is  a 
desirable   laxative   for   diabetics   suffering   from   chronic   intestinal 
stasis.  For  more  obstinate  cases  of  constipation,  Para-Syllia  with 
Phenolphthalein,  each  tablespoonful  containing  approximately  ^  gr.       j 
of  phenolphthalein,  is  recommended.  Both  are  supplied  in  12-ounce  ^ 

wide-mouth  bottles.  Abbott  Laboratories,  Ltd.,  Montreal.  ^ 


Para-Syllia 


733 


Vol.  38.  No.  10 


CANADIAN   NURSE 

A     MONTHLY     JOURNAL     FOR     THE     NURSES     OF     CANADA 

PUBLISHED     BY     THE     CANADIAN     NURSES     ASSOCIATION 

VOLUME  THIRTY-EIGHT  NUMBER   TEN 

OCTOBER  1942 


Our  National  Duty 


O  Duty! 

Who  art  a  light  to  gtiidej  a  rod 
To  check  the  erring  and  re f rove; 
ThoUy  who  art  victory  and  law 
When  emfty  terror  overawe; 
From  vain  tem-ptations  dost  set  jree^ 
And  calmest  the  weary  strife  of  frail 
humanity  !  (  Wordsworth  ) 

Since  the  declaration  of  war  three 
years  ago,  the  Canadian  Nurses  Asso- 
ciation has  gone  through  various  pro- 
gressive stages  of  adjustment  and  re- 
organization. Those  who  were  privi- 
leged to  attend  the  General  Meetings 
of  1940  and  1942,  received  the  direct 
stimulation  of  an  urgent  challenge,  and 
throughout  the  interval  our  national 
Journal  has  kept  all  members  abreast 
of  actual  conditions,  repercussions,  rec- 
ommendations, and  measures  which  are 
being  adopted  to  meet  the  emergency 
needs  in  a  wartime  nursing  servi' 

OCTOBER.  1942 


The  official  report  of  the  Emergency 
Nursing  Adviser  brings  into  clear  focus 
an  assembly  of  important  recommenda- 
tions which  should  be  studied  by  all 
provincial  Associations.  Contained  wnth- 
in  these  proposals  are  our  goals  for  war- 
time and  for  the  future  of  nursing.  It 
is  necessary  to  discriminate  carefully  in 
order  to  determine  what  are  the  most 
urgent  needs  within  each  Province, 
which,  if  partly  or  wholly  solved,  might 
simplify  other  problems  which  at  the 
moment  seem  impossible  of  solution. 

Our  course  of  action  has  been  char- 
ted, and  we  must  now  put  our  should- 
er to  the  wheel.  In  our  plan  of  action, 
we  need  to  be  fully  aware  of  possible 
increasing  demands.  Nurses  will  con- 
tinue to  be  called  for  overseas  service; 
gaps  must  be  filled  and  standards  of 
nursing  safeguarded.  It  might  have  been 
impossible,  at  this  time  of  stress  and 
rain,  to  make  certain  emergency  ad- 


759 


760 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


justments  because  of  the  lack  of  finan- 
cial resources,  but  that  handicap  has 
been  eliminated  to  some  degree  through 
the  action  of  the  Federal  Government. 
While  the  amount  of  financial  aid  which 
has  been  granted  is  minimum  in  rela- 
tion to  existing  needs,  it  is  sufficient  to 
initiate  an  emergency  programme, 
which,  if  effectively  launched  and  car- 
ried out,  may  win  public  recognition 
and   further   financial  support. 

Now  with  a  compass  in  our  hands, 
and  enough  fuel  to  "get  up  steam," 
three  main  objectives  are  before  us:  the 
first  is  to  stabilize  nursing  services  in 
hospitals  and  in  the  community;  the 
second  is  to  control  the  problem  of  in- 
creasing shortage  through  measures 
which  will  bridge  the  gap  between  sup- 
ply and  demand;  and  the  third  is  to 
undertake  means  through  schools  of 
nursing  and  university  departments  to 
maintain  standards  of  nursing  education. 

The  Provincial  Associations  are  to 
be  commended  for  the  initiative  they 
have  shown  since  the  emergency  meet- 
ing oi  the  Executive  Committee  of  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Asociation  a  year 
ago.  With  recommendations  carefully 
formulated  by  the  Emergency  Nursing 
Adviser  founded  upon  first-hand  knowl- 
edge of  conditions  in  all  of  the  provinces, 
and  being  in  possession  of  additional 
financial  aid,  the  next  biennial  period 
affords  us  greater  opportunities  for  ac- 
complishing. 

The  Government  of  Canada  is  intro- 
ducing measures  to  ensure  that  the  f^tal 
man-  and  woman-power  of  the  nat  on 
shall  be  fully  utilized  to  win  the  war. 
All  the  professions,  ixicluding  that  of 
nursing,  will  thus  become  an  integral 
part  of  the  wartime  programme,  and 
nurses  have  a  very  important  role  to 
play.  The  conservation  of  the  health  of 
industrial  workers  is  greatly  dependent 
upon  a  competent  nursing  service;  the 
nursing  of  the  sick  and  the  wounded  is 


an  essential  service,  and  safeguarding 
the  health  of  mothers  and  children  is 
fundamental  to  the  solidarity  of  the  na- 
tion. 

The  participation  of  professional 
groups  in  an  ordered  national  defence 
programme  carries  special  significance. 
Each  group  within  itself  is  an  organized 
body,  maintaining  the  right  to  determine 
its  own  requirements  of  preparation,  to 
set  its  own  standards  of  professional 
practice,  and  to  encourage  and  under- 
take creative  enterprise.  The  contribu- 
tion, therefore,  that  the  nursing  profes- 
sion can  make  to  a  nationally  organ- 
ized war  programme  should  be  char- 
acterized by  stability  and  unity  of  pur- 
pose, and  action  within  its  own  ranks, 
and  it  should  at  the  same  time  manifest 
a  willingness  to  co-operate  in  whatever 
plan  is  approved  for  the  combination  and 
co-ordination  of  all  types  of  services,  to 
bring  about  speedy  and  effective  results. 
In  whatever  way  nursing  may  be  mo- 
bilized, let  us  not  lose  the  great  oppor- 
tunity this  war  period  affords  us  to  in- 
crease our  usefulness. 

Nurses  should  at  all  times,  and  par- 
ticularly in  wartime,  be  imbued  with  a 
spirit  of  service,  and  they  should  volun- 
tarily give  their  most  and  their  best 
wherever  and  whenever  they  are  most 
needed.  This  spirit  of  self-discipline 
which  is  characteristic  of  true  profession- 
al service  is  not  less  than  that  which 
exists  among  the  armed  forces:  nurses 
are  soldiers  too  whether  serving  over- 
seas or  on  the  home  front.  The  profes- 
sional nurse,  motivated  by  the  right 
ideas,  who  sincerely  believes  in  the  cause 
of  nursing  and  who  honours  her  pro- 
fession, displays  the  marks  of  the  good 
soldier.  She  will  not  desert  the  ranks 
at  a  time  of  crisis,  nor  will  she  seek  shel- 
ter, leaving  others  to  face  the  hardships 
and  the  struggle.  It  takes  noble  women 
to  "stand  by"  at  a  time  like  this.  We 
must  all  be  willing  to  accept  the  extra 


Vol.  38,  No.  10 


OUR  NATIONAL   DUTY 


761 


load  of  responsibility,  realizing  that  even 
the  maximum  of  our  combined  efforts  is 
insufficient  to  meet  the  increasing  de- 
mands which  are  now  being  made  upon 
nursing:  "Give  all  thou  canst;  high 
Heaven  rejects  the  lore  of  nicely  cal- 
culated less  or  more." 

There  are  many  problems  confront- 
ing the  Canadian  Nurses  Association  of 
which  limitation  of  space  will  not  permit 
discussion,  but  the  most  serious  of  these 
at  the  moment  is  the  increasing  short- 
age of  bedside  nurses,  and  of  specially 
qualified  personnel  for  positions  of  teach- 
ing and  supervision.  Public  health  organ- 
izations, as  well  as  hospitals  (small  hos- 
pitals particularly)  are  being  affected. 
What  are  the  reasons  for  this  shortage 
and  what  is  the  first  step  to  be  taken 
towards  a  possible  solution  of  the  prob- 
lem? 

With  this  question  in  mind,  review 
the  recommendations  adopted  at  the 
General  Meeting,  and  it  is  revealing  to 
discover  that  practically  all  proposals 
directly  or  indirectly  contribute  to  the 
solution  of  this  major  question. 

The  recommendation  that  approved 
schools  of  nursing  increase  their  enrol- 
ment of  students,  under  conditions  of 
control,  is  already  being  put  into  prac- 
tice. In  this  connection  it  is  important  to 
note  that  the  Government  grant  allo- 
cated to  the  Provinces  to  be  spent  ac- 
cording to  stated  specifications,  must 
show  returns  in  a  substantial  additional 
enrolment  of  students.  Provincial  Asso- 
ciations will  be  requested  to  submit  a  sta- 
tistical statement  to  this  effect  to  the 
Government  at  a  later  date. 

While  focusing  attention  upon  poten- 
tial nursing  power,  it  seems  almost  equal- 
ly important  that  measures  should  be 
taken  to  stabilize  and  to  conserve  the 
time  and  energy  of  existing  nursing  per- 
sonnel. Schools  of  nursing  have  a  real 
responsibility  in  this  connection.  What 
is  the  cause  of  the   general  restlessness 


and  discontent  in  the  general  nursing 
sroupr  The  following  provocative  state- 
ments, relating  to  this  situation,  are  con- 
tained in  a  recent  issue  of  "Professional 
Nursing"  which  is  sponsored  by  the 
American  Nurses  Association: 

Could  it  he  because'. 

Salaries  of  general  staff  nurses  in  your 
hospitals  are  far  below  those  currently  paid 
to  nurses  in  public  health  including  industry, 
or  in  other  comparable  occupations? 

Hours  of  work  of  general  staff  nurses 
are  long,  or  broken,  contrary  to  today's 
general  practice  in  the  field  of  public  health 
and  in  other  occupations? 

Opportunities  for  professional  growth  are 
not  provided  for  nurses  on  your  hospital 
staffs? 

The  defence  programme  has  opened  up 
more  attractive  opportunities  to  nurses  else- 
where ? 

Civil  service  positions  offer  greater  secu- 
rity and  more  attractive  working  conditions 
than  do  positions  in  non-official  hospitals 
and  agencies? 

Or  J  could  it  be  because: 

Patients  in  your  hospitals  and  community 
are  encouraged  in  a  lavish  use  of  private 
duty  nursing  service? 

Plans  for  careful  year-round  distribution 
of  the  skilled  services  of  private  duty  nurses 
have  not  been  worked  out  in  your  area? 

Or  fossibly  because'. 

More  patients  are  seeking  hospital  care 
because  they  have  hospitalization  insurance, 
and  hospitals  are  increasing  their  bed  capa- 
cities without  advance  planning  of  nursing 
service  ? 

Or  ferhafs  even  because'. 

Students  in  your  nursing  schools  are  en- 
couraged to  think  they're  being  prepared 
for  executive,  supervisory  or  teaching  posi- 
tions, but  not  for  the  actual  care  of  the  sick? 
What  would  a  careful  analysis  of  nurs- 
ing administrative  and  e7nflo\ment  prac- 
tices in  your  area  reveal? 


OCTOBER.  1942 


762 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


Are  these  statements  applicable  in 
Canada,  and  if  so,  what  can  be  done 
about  it?  What  adjustments  and  meas- 
ures could  be  adopted  at  once  to  im- 
prove the  status  of  this  group  which 
would  in  time  make  general  nursing  in 
hospitals  and  staff  duty  in  public  health 
nursing  organizations  a  satisfying  ca- 
reer? 

The  most  spectacular,  time-consum- 
ing and  costly  part  of  the  emergency 
nursing  programme  is  our  publicity  cam- 
paign. The  press,  the  radio  and  the 
screen  are  all  being  used  to  good  pur- 
pose. The  public  is  becoming  awakened 
to  the  fact  that  nurses  exist  and  that  the 
service  they  are  giving  is  not  only  of 
national  significance,  but  is  indispensable 
to  the  health  and  welfare  of  the  Cana- 
dian people.  It  is  necessary  that  parents 
and  the  public  in  general  should  think 
well  of  nurses  and  nursing  if  young  wo- 
men of  the  right  calibre  are  to  enter  the 
nursing  field  in  increasing  numbers. 
Through  effective  publicity  methods,  a 
strong  appeal  is  being  made.  As  one 
nursing  authority  says:  "Recruitment 
is  the  big  job  on  all  nursing  fronts." 

Provincial  Associations  are  doing 
good  work  in  getting  their  publicity  pro- 
grammes under  way.  The  following  ex- 
cerpt from  an  appeal  made  by  one  pro- 
vincial president  in  the  local  press  strikes 
the  right  chord,  and  should  make  a 
favourable  impression  upon  the  general 
public,  parents  and  public-spirited  young 
women: 

The  country's  need  for  a  large  force  of 
nurses-in-the-making  is  imperative.  Without 
nurses  in  the  future,  our  wounded  in  the 
battle  fields  will  remain  unattended  and  our 
hospitals  will  be  forced  to  close  down.  Our 
young  women  must  come  forward  now,  if 
this  tragedy  is  to  be  averted.  Too  little  is 
known  about  the  modern  training  school  for 
nurses,  and  few  realize  the  opportunities 
which  nursing  gives  to  young  women  with 
health,  ambition  and  a  desire  to  do  a  public 
service. 


While  "stage"  methods  of  publicity 
can  be  very  productive,  the  most  effec- 
tive publicity  is  through  the  medium  of 
the  nurse  herself.  Through  social  and 
professional  contacts,  nurses  can  promote 
or  destroy  the  interest,  confidence  and 
respect  of  the  public  in  nursing.  What 
nurses  are,  what  they  say  and  do,  can 
serve  as  the  greatest  influence  in  draw- 
ing high  school  and  university  graduates 
into  the  profession.  To  the  best  of  our 
ability  let  us  endeavour  to  interest  and 
to  secure  suitable  recruits. 

The  degree  of  success  which  will  ac- 
company the  efforts  of  the  members  of 
the  Canadian  Nurses  Association  during 
the  next  two  years,  will  depend  prim- 
arily upon  our  awareness  of  the  serious- 
ness of  the  present  situation,  as  it  may 
affect  nurses,  and  consequently  the  ser- 
vice which  only  nurses  can  give.  Results 
will  also  be  dependent  upon  clearness 
of  vision  and  sober  judgment  in  decid- 
ing upon  policies  and  action  as  a  war 
measure.  They  may  be  in  the  nature  of 
a  compromise  which  will  necessitate  the 
temporary  relinquishment  of  "approved" 
standards,  but  we  must  face  the  facts 
and  make  adjustments  accordingly.  If 
we  are  inflexible  and  insist  upon  adher- 
ins:  strictly  to  established  administrative 
and  educational  policies,  and  in  this  way 
lessen  or  weaken  the  contribution  we 
could  and  should  make  to  a  national 
defence  programme,  we  are  not  res- 
ponding to  the  appeal  for  a  "total  war 
effort."  Flexibility  is  necessary,  but  it 
must  be  combined  with  insight  and  fore- 
sight. We  must  try  not  to  jeopardize 
the  improvements  which  have  been  made 
and  the  new  standards  which  have  been 
established,  particularly  since  the  Survey 
of  Nursing  Education  in  Canada.  To 
sacrifice  unnecessarily  the  standards  of 
nursing  education  and  service  which 
have  taken  years  to  institute,  would  be 
disastrous,  and  we  should  justly  be  con- 


Vol.  38,  No.  10 


THE     TREATMENT     OF    POLIOMYELITIS      763 


demned  by  those  who  will  follow  us  in 
the  path  of  nursing  history. 

Where  then  are  we  going  to  begin 
to  take  action  ?  School  and  hospital  prob- 
lems are  becoming  more  acute;  unless 
first  aid  treatment  is  undertaken  imme-- 
diately,  there  may  be  a  permanent  scar. 
Many  of  us  can  recall  vividly  nursing 
conditions  during  the  last  war;  the  ad- 
justments, the  reconstruction  measures, 
the  re-defining  of  objectives  and  expan- 
sion of  services,  which  developed  in  the 
post-war  period.  Our  present  situation 
is  analagous  in  many  respects;  again 
the  challenge  is  great  —  even  greater 
—  but  we  have  reason  to  believe  that 
through  determination,  and  strength  of 


brain  and  brawn,  the  integrity  of  nurs- 
ing will  survive.  Miss  Nutting  has  said: 
"The  systems,  methods  and  institutions 
we  cherish  today  may  fade  and  pass, 
but  the  developed  mind  and  imagination 
of  future  nurses  must  be  equal  to  the 
task  of  creating  new  ways,  new  ideas. 
I  kr^ow  but  one  foundation  upon  which 
the  nursing  of  the  future,  with  all  its 
inspiring  possibilities,  can  be  safely  built, 
and  that  is  the  educated  minds  and  spir- 
its of  those  whose  work  it  will  be." 

Marion   Lindeburgh 
President 
Canadian  Nurses  Association. 


The  Treatment  of  Poliomyelitis  in  the  Acute  Stage 


A.  E.  Deacon,  M.D. 


Previous  to  the  epidemic  of  1941  we 
had  focussed  our  entire  attention  on  the 
muscles  showing  a  flaccid  paralysis.  We 
believed  that  these  muscles  were  flac- 
cid because  their  motor  cells  in  the  an- 
terior horns  of  the  spinal  cord  had  been 
injured  or  killed,  and  were  no  longer 
furnishing  the  flaccid  muscles  with  mo- 
tor nerve  impulses  to  activate  them. 
Recovery  in  the  flaccid  muscles  was  con- 
sidered due  to  recovery  in  the  damaged 
anterior  horn  motor  cells,  so  we  direc- 
ted our  treatment  to  the  protection  of 
the  flaccid  muscles  during  their  period 
of  temporary  paralysis.  We  protected 
them  from  stretching  and  fatigue  by 
splinting  them  in  the  relaxed  position, 
and  endeavoured  to  maintain  their  cir- 
culation and  metabolism  by  radiant  heat 
and  massage.  Deformities  were  believed 
to  arise  from  contraction  of  the  ineffi- 
ciently   opposed,    supposedly    unaffected 


muscles,  and  the  splinting  was  designed 
to  prevent  these  supposedly  healthy  mus- 
cles from  contracting.  We  had  learned 
from  experience  that  uninterrupted 
splinting  led  to  a  sort  of  "setting"  in  the 
relaxed  muscles,  and  to  stiffness  in  the 
joints.  By  removing  the  splints  daily  and 
passively  moving  the  joints  through  their 
full  range  of  motion,  we  were  able  to 
prevent  the  "setting"  of  the  muscles  and 
rigidity  of  the  joints,  but  in  many  cases 
the  deformities  which  we  were  tryins: 
to  prevent  did,  in  fact,  arise,  despite  our 
best  efforts. 

Sister  Elizabeth  Kenny,  of  Australia, 
but  now  in  the  United  States,  visited 
us  at  the  Children's  Hospital  and  revolu- 
tionized our  ideas  on  the  symptomatolo- 
gy and  treatment  of  acute  anterior  polio- 
myelitis. Her  visit  coincided  with  the 
height  of  the  epidemic  when  we  had  in 
the   Hospital  a   few   cases  in   the   acute 


OCTOBER.   1942 


764 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


stage,  and  a  number  just  a  few  weeks 
past  the  acute  stage.  These  cases  fur- 
nished excellent  demonstration  mate- 
rial. Miss  Kenny  demonstrated  to  our 
satisfaction  that  some  of  the  supposedly 
healthy  muscles  were  not  unaffected  by 
the  disease  but  were  in  a  state  of  spasm, 
and  she  showed  us  spasm  in  some  of  the 
muscles  on  every  one  of  our  patients. 
These  spastic  musclfs  were  in  each  case 
the  antagonists  of  the  flaccid  muscles. 
They  were  partially  contracted  and  the 
patient  could  not  voluntarily  relax  them 
to  their  full  resting  length  although  he 
could  voluntarily  further  contract  them. 
In  the  acute  cases  the  patients  com- 
plained of  pain  in  the  spastic  muscles 
even  at  rest,  while  those  just  over  the 
acute  stage  complained  of  pain  when 
the  spastic  muscles  were  passively  stret- 
ched. All  complained  of  pain  and  ten- 
derness on  deep  palpation  of  the  spas- 
tic muscles.  In  the  cases  in  the  acute 
stage  the  whole  spastic  muscle  was 
tender,  but  in  the  older  cases  the  spasms 
were  localized  to  definite  areas.  These 
localized  spasms  resembled  cramps.  They 
were  tender  to  palpation,  harder  than 
the  surrounding  muscle,  and  felt  stringy 
or  fibrous.  According  to  Miss  Kenny, 
the  spastic  muscles  are  the  ones  direct- 
ly affected  by  the  disease  in  the  cen- 
tral nervous  system,  and  acute  anterior 
poliomyelitis  should  be  classed  as  spastic 
paralysis  rather  than  a  flaccid  paralysis. 
The  spastic  paralysis  develops  first,  and 
th  flaccid  paralysis  is  secondary,  a  re- 
sult of  the  spastic  paralysis. 

Miss  Kenny  demonstrated  her  syste- 
matic examination  for  spasm  which  be- 
gins with  the  posterior  neck  muscles  and 
extends  downward  to  the  muscles  of 
the  feet.  It  consists  of  a  series  of  man- 
oeuvres which  passively  stretch  definite 
muscles,  or  groups  of  muscles,  the  pres- 
ence of  spasm  being  detected  by  the 
fact  that  the  spastic  muscles  cannot  be 
stretched  to  their  full  length,  stretching 


causes  pain,  and  definite  tender  areas 
can  be  found  in  the  spastic  muscles.  In 
one  of  our  very  acute  cases  the  spasm 
in  the  left  abdominal  muscles  was  so 
severe  that  it  appeared  as  a  visible  groove, 
and  the  patient  was  crying  with  pain 
in  this  area. 

Miss  Kenny  considers  the  flaccid 
paralysis  as  mostly,  if  not  entirely,  func- 
tional in  nature  rather  than  due  directly 
to  the  disease  in  the  central  nervous 
system.  If  one  group  of  muscles  is  in 
spasm  and  cannot  relax,  the  antagonistic 
group  is  prevented  from  fully  contract- 
ing due  to  the  brake-like  action  of  the 
spastic  muscles;  any  attempt  at  contrac- 
tion of  the  non-spastic  group  stretches 
its  antagonistic  spastic  group  and  in- 
creases the  spasm  and  pain;  a  fear  com- 
plex is  set  up  and  the  patient  refrains 
from  using  his  non-spastic  group;  a 
functional  break-down  between  the 
brain-control  and  the  non-spastic  group 
develops  and  the  non-spastic  muscles 
undergo  a  flaccid  paralysis.  According 
to  Miss  Kenny,  the  patient  loses  his 
mental  awareness  of  these  flaccid  mus- 
cles, and  the  flaccid  muscles  become 
"alienated"  from  their  brain  control. 
We  were  astounded  to  see  Miss  Kenny 
cause  patients  to  use  flaccid  muscles, 
which  we  had  observed  to  be  totally 
paralyzed,  merely  by  restoring  the  pa- 
tient's mental  awareness  of  those  mus- 
cles, and  thus  correcting  their  aliena- 
tion. 

The  third  thing  Miss  Kenny  demon- 
strated was  inco-ordination  and  muscle 
substitution.  With  a  moderate  degree  of 
spasm  in  one  group  of  muscles  and  flac- 
cid paralysis  in  the  antagonistic  group, 
the  patients  could  voluntarily  move  the 
joint  in  both  directions  but  the  move- 
ment was  not  smooth  and  co-ordinated 
but  jerky  and  ataxic.  Where  spasm  was 
preventing  the  active  use  of  the  anta- 
gonistic muscles  the  patients  tried  to 
substitute  other  muscles  to  perform  the 

Vol.  38,  No.   10 


THE     TREATMENT     OF    POLIOMYELITIS      765 


action.  For  instance  where  the  posterior 
neck  muscles  were  in  spasm,  and  the 
sterno-mastoids  were  flaccid,  the  pa- 
tients invariably  substituted  the  platysma 
for  the  sterno-mastoids  in  an  effort  to 
raise  the  head  while  lying  in  the  supine 
position. 

According  to  Miss  Kenny,  then,  the 
three  chief  symptoms  of  acute  anterior 
poliomyelitis  are  spasm,  alienation,  and 
muscle  inco-ordination.  Her  treatment 
consists  of  relieving  these  symptoms  in 
that  order.  The  spasm  is  relaxed  by 
applying  hot  fomentations  to  the  spastic 
muscles  as  soon  as  possible,  fomentations 
continuing  until  all  the  spasm  is  relaxed. 
Constant  heat  such  as  electric  pads,  ra- 
diant heat,  continuous  hot  baths,  or  hot 
wax  is  not  used  because  it  is  Miss  Ken- 
ny's opinion  that  a  varying  temperature 
is  better.  It  is  supposed  that  the  heat  of 
the  newly  applied  fomentations  relaxes 
the  muscle  fibres  to  their  full  capacity, 
and  that  the  cooling  of  the  foments 
causes  contraction  of  the  muscle  fibres. 
In  this  way  the  fibres  are  prevented 
from  losing  their  ability  to  contract  and 
relax. 

The  alienation  is  combated  by  retain- 
ing as  far  as  possible  the  normal  reflexes 
in  the  flaccid  muscles,  by  restoring  the 
patient's  mental  awareness  to  his  alien- 
ated muscles,  and  by  stimulating  his 
flaccid  muscles  reflexly  through  their 
proprioceptive  system.  The  patient's 
mental  awareness  of  his  alienated  mus- 
cles is  restored  by  fixing  the  patient's 
attention  on  the  insertion  of  the  alien- 
ated muscle  and  explaining  to  him  the 
normal  action  of  that  muscle,  or  group 
of  muscles.  Sometimes  this  is  sufficient 
to  overcome  the  ahenation  and  the  pa- 
tient immediately  begins  to  use  his  form- 
erly flaccid  muscles.  In  other  cases,  the 
alienated  muscles  can  be  reflexly  stim- 
ulated through  stimulating  the  proprio- 
ceptive endings  in  the  muscle,  tendon, 
and  joints  by  gently  stretching  the  mus- 


cles passively,  and  by  passively  moving 
the  joints  which  they  control.  In  sev- 
eral cases  Miss  Kenny  caused  the  ten- 
dons of  flaccid  muscles  to  stand  out  by 
stretching  the  muscles  and  moving  the 
joints  they  controlled.  This  she  inter- 
preted as  evidence  of  increased  muscle 
tone  in  response  to  physiological  stimu- 
lation. The  muscle  inco-ordination  she 
corrects  by  first  correcting  the  spasm 
and  alienation  and  then  teaching  the  pa- 
tients to  make  the  movements  slowly 
and  smoothly  by  repeated  exercises.  She 
prevents  attempts  at  muscle  substitution 
by  teaching  the  patients  to  keep  their 
healthy  muscles  relaxed  while  trying  to 
use  the  paralyzed  muscles. 

Miss  Kenny  has  a  very  strong  objec- 
tion to  the  use  of  splints.  She  says  that 
they  are  unnecessary  because  the  alien- 
ated muscles  do  not  require  to  be  rested 
in  the  relaxed  position  and  because  a 
muscle  imbalance  without  spasm  will  not 
produce  contractures.  She  points  out  that 
they  are  harmful  because  they  prevent 
the  treatment  of  the  spastic  muscles  by 
hot  fomentations,  they  abolish  most  of 
the  normal  reflexes  in  the  flaccid  mus- 
cles, and  they  prevent  the  treatment  of 
the  alienated  muscles.  They  also  stretch 
the  spastic  muscles,  and  aggravate  and 
perpetuate  the  spasm.  They  cause  a 
disuse  atrophy,  weakness,  and  shorten- 
ing in  the  alienated  muscles,  and  a  stiff- 
ness in  the  joints.  According  to  Miss 
Kenny,  the  deformities  arising  out  of  an 
anterior  poliomyelitis  are  wholly  due  to 
the  spastic  muscles.  Since  splints  aggra- 
vate and  perpetuate  the  spasms,  they 
not  only  fail  to  prevent  deformities  but, 
in  fact,  help  to  produce  them. 

We  were  favourably  impressed  by 
Miss  Kenny's  demonstration  and  views 
on  poliomyelitis.  We  could  feel  the 
spasm  she  demonstrated  and  see  the  ef- 
fects they  were  producing.  Moreover, 
we  could  detect  them  ourselves  in  other 
patients.    We    saw    her    correct    aliena- 


OCTOBER,  1942 


766 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


t:on  in  a  few  minutes  on  our  patients, 
which  impressed  us  with  the  functional 
nature  of  the  flaccid  paralysis  in  those 
cases,  and  we  clearly  saw  the  inco-ordin- 
ation  and  muscle  substitution..  After  she 
left,  we  decided  to  put  her  method  to 
the  test  and  see  how  it  worked  in  our 
hands  and  on  our  patients.  We  also  de- 
cided to  follow  her  methods  as  precisely 
as  possible  and  to  add  or  subtract  noth- 
ing until  we  had  thoroughly  mastered 
her  technique.  We  have  followed  this 
decision  to  date.  Our  beds  are  set  up 
with  the  fracture  boards,  foot  boards, 
hard  mattress,  and  the  trough  for  the 
heels.  The  patients  are  systematically  ex- 
amined for  spasm,  alienation,  and  inco- 
ordination. We  have  found  spasm  in 
some  of  the  muscles  in  over  five  hun- 
dred cases  arising  out  of  the  epidemic 
of  1941  and  in  some  of  the  1938  and 
1937  cases.  The  stiffness  of  the  neck 
and  back  in  acute  poliomyelitis  has  been 
recognized  for  years,  but  we  think  er- 
roneously attributed  to  meningeal  ir- 
ritation. It  has  no  resemblance  to  the 
stiffness  seen  in  true  meningitis,  and  is, 
in  fact,  a  part  of  the  spasm  peculiar  to 
poliomyelitis.  Any  of  the  skeletal  mus- 
cles, or  groups  of  muscles,  may  be  spas- 
tic in  poliomyelitis.  We  have  frequently 
observed  spasm  in  the  posterior  neck 
and  back  muscles,  the  trapezius,  the  pec- 
toralis  major  and  minor,  the  biceps 
humeri,  the  hamstrings,  and  the  calf 
muscles;  and  less  frequently  in  the  mus- 
cles of  the  abdominal  wall,  the  extensors 
of  the  hands  and  feet,  and  the  interossei. 
Wherever  spasm  was  found  it  was 
treated  by  hot  fomentations  and  in  most 
of  our  cases  the  spasms  have  relaxed 
after  the  application  of  the  fomentations. 
We  have  noted  a  number  of  instances 
where  the  spasms  have  returned  with 
the  beginning  of  activity  and  have  had 
to  be  again  relieved  by  more  fomenta- 


tions. We  are  firmly  convinced  that  the 
spasms  are  the  cause  of  the  deformities. 
We  have  not  seen  one  deformity,  not 
even  a  foot  drop,  develop  in  patients 
under  treatment  despite  the  fact  that 
no  splints  have  been  used.  On  the  other 
hand,  we  have  found  spasm  in  every 
case  that  came  for  treatment  weeks  or 
months  after  the  acute  stage  and  pre- 
sented deformities,  and  we  have  seen 
these  deformities  correct  themselves 
when  the  spasms  were  relaxed  by  hot 
fomentations. 

In  a  few  cases  we  have  been  able  im- 
mediately to  correct  alienation  by  Miss 
Kenny's  method,  but  in  most  cases  it 
has  taken  a  matter  of  weeks,  and  some- 
times months.  Apparently  the  longer 
the  alienation  has  existed,  the  more  diffi- 
cult it  is  to  correct.  We  do  not  doubt 
that  in  some  cases  with  severe  and  wide- 
spread damage  in  the  spinal  cord  the 
flaccid  paralysis  is  due  to  destruction  of 
anterior  horn  cells,  and  therefore  per- 
manent; but  we  are  convinced  that  in 
most  cases  there  is  a  large  functional  ele- 
ment and  that  the  flaccid  muscles  are 
indeed  alienated  from  their  brain  con- 
trol. We  also  feel  that  the  time  and  ef- 
fort devoted  to  the  correction  of  the  in- 
co-ordination  and  muscle  substitution 
have  been  well  rewarded. 

Miss  Kenny's  technique  of  examina- 
tion and  treatment  has  been  carried  out 
as  meticulously  as  possible  in  this  Hospi- 
tal since  August,  1941.  We  have  found 
it  to  produce  better  results  than  any 
method  we  have  hitherto  used.  Until 
some  better  way  is  found  this  is  the  me- 
thod we  will  use  for  our  patients  of 
future  epidemics. 


Note :  This  article  was  originally  published 
in  the  June  1942  issue  of  the  Canadian  Public 
Health  Journal  and  is  reprinted  with  the 
kind  permission  of  the  editor. 


Vol.  38,  No.  10 


Nursing  Aspects  of  Poliomyelitis 

Dora  Parry  and   Madeleine  Flander 


When  it  became  apparent  that  an  out- 
break of  poh'omyeh'tis  was  imminent  in 
Montreal  it  was  decided  that  the 
Children's  Memorial  Hospital  would  set 
aside  a  special  ward  for  the  treatment 
of  these  children.  A  ward  previously 
used  for  rheumatic  cases  was  chosen 
because  the  physical  set-up  was  such 
that  few  alterations  were  required  to 
transform  it  into  a  working  unit.  The 
ward  was  emptied  overnight  and  twen- 
ty-five beds  made  ready  for  new  admis- 
sions. Three  respirators  were  set  up  but 
so  far  it  has  not  been  necessary  to  use 
them  because  patients  with  respiratory 
distress  have  been  treated  by  the  method 
described  in  this  article. 

A  sterilizer  was  installed  which  could 
be  used  for  preparing  fomentations.  A 
clothes  wringer  was  clamped  to  one  side 
and  large  holding  forceps  were  used  to 
handle  the  blankets.  Old  blankets  were 
obtained  from  the  linen  room  and  cut 
into  pieces  of  varying  sizes  and  shapes. 
When  this  supply  began  to  diminish, 
doctors  and  other  friends  provided  more. 
Rubber  sheeting  and  dry  blankets  were 
used  to  cover  and  secure  the  fomenta- 
tions. The  adjacent  dressing  room  was 
set  up  so  that  it  could  be  used  for  lum- 
bar puncture,  blood  transfusions,  and 
intravenous  glucose.  All  these  were  kept 
in  constant  readiness  and  one  prepara- 
tion tray  was  kept  sterile.  Other  equip- 
ment was  ready  in  autoclaved  sets.  Iso- 
lation technique  was  maintained  and 
included  the  disinfection  of  excreta.  All 
dry  refuse  was  burned  and  liquid  waste 
was  also  disinfected. 

Upon  admission  each  patient  imme- 
diately came  under  the  supervision  of 
the  physiotherapy  department  and  there 
were  at  least  four  and  often  more  physio- 


therapists working  on  the  ward  during 
the  greater  part  of  the  day.  A  bath,  es- 
pecially designed  for  hydrotherapy  treat- 
ment, was  installed  for  the  use  of  the 
older  children,  and  the  ordinary  bath 
tubs  which  were  already  available  were 
used  for  the  smaller  children.  Each  pa- 
tient was  laid  flat  on  a  firm  mattress 
under  which  a  fracture-board  was 
placed.  To  give  space  between  the  mat- 
tress and  the  foot  of  the  bed  the  mat- 
tress is  pulled  up  about  four  inches,  pas- 
sing underneath  the  first  cross-bar  of 
the  frame  at  the  head  of  the  bed.  In 
some  instances  a  short  cot-mattress  was 
used  on  a  full-size  bed.  A  foot-board 
was  made  for  each  bed  consisting  of 
two  boards  each  of  which  was  equal  in 
length  to  the  width  of  the  bed,  and  was 
about  fourteen  inches  wide.  These 
boards  are  attached  to  one  another  at 
right-angles  by  an  ordinary  shelf-bracket 
fastened  at  each  end.  The  foot-board  is 
placed  so  that  one  surface  rests  on  the 
springs  of  the  bed  coming  just  under- 
neath the  mattress;  the  other  surface 
rests  against  the  frame  of  the  foot  of  the 
bed  and  extends  slightly  above  it.  A 
four-inch  wooden  cube  was  placed  at 
each  of  the  two  corners  of  the  mattress 
between  it  and  the  foot-board.  These 
act  as  wedges  and  prevent  the  mattress 
from  slipping  downwards.  The  upper 
sheet  was  arranged  over  the  top  of  the 
foot-board  so  as  to  avoid  touching  the 
toes.  The  space  provided  either  by  pull- 
ing up  the  mattress  at  the  head  of  the 
bed,  or  by  using  a  short  mattress  on  a 
standard  bed,  provides  a  trough  in  which 
the  heels  may  rest,  thus  avoiding  pres- 
sure. 

Upon  admission  a  child  was  bathed 
and  wrapped  in  his  woollen  blanket  to 


OCTOBER,  1942 


767 


768 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


await  the  initial  treament  consisting  of 
lumbar  puncture  for  confirmation  of 
diagnosis,  blood  transfusion,  and  an  in- 
travenous of  25  percent  glucose.  When 
placed  in  bed,  each  child  was  taught  to 
lie  flat  with  his  arms  at  the  side  of  his 
body,  and  his  feet  pressing  against  the 
foot-board  as  though  he  were  pretending 
to  walk  up  it.  The  phrase  "walking  up 
the  board"  was  repeated  to  the  child 
many  times  daily  so  as  to  give  a  positive 
mental  suggestion  of  walking. 

In  order  to  relieve  the  spasm  of  the 
muscles,  which  is  one  of  the  charac- 
teristics of  this  disease,  most  of  the 
children  were  given  continuous  fomen- 
tations night  and  day  immediately  fol- 
lowing their  admission.  Muscles  on  the 
surface  of  the  body  may  be  actually  ob- 
served while  in  spasm;  they  become 
extremely  tense  and  appear  hard  and 
cord-like  to  the  touch.  This  spasm  is 
usually  relieved  by  the  application  of 
fomentations  but  is  aggravated  by  pres- 
sure or  movement.  The  physiotherapist, 
working  very  closely  with  the  docf'or  at 
all  times,  indicated  the  areas  which  were 
to  be  fomented  and  the  packs  were 
changed  often  enough  to  keep  them 
warm.  Three  gallons  of  water  were  put 
into  the  sterilizer  and  eight  ounces  of 
boracic  crystals  were  added.  The  addi- 
tion of  these  crystals  prevented  the  skin 
rashes  which  occurred  when  plain  water 
was  used.  As  the  child  improved  the 
packs  were  given  only  three  times  daily 
for  about  two  hours  at  a  time  until  the 
spasm  of  the  muscles  was  relieved.  In 
other  cases,  fomentations  were  applied  at 
intervals  of  two  hours  bot'h  day  and 
night.  When  the  patient  was  removed 
from  the  pack  the  body  was  dried  and 
the  child  was  left  in  the  dr}'  woollen 
blanket  for  about  half  an  hour.  A  few 
of  the  older  children  disliked  the  sensa- 
tion of  the  woollen  blanket,  particularly 
on  the  back,  but  they  were  never  trou- 
blesome about  it. 


Routine  nursing  care  was  simplified 
as  much  as  possible  because  the  applica- 
tion of  the  fomentations  took  so  much 
of  the  nurses'  time.  The  children  were 
fed,  or  were  allowed  to  feed  themselves, 
according  to  the  directions  of  the  doc- 
tor and  the  physiotherapist.  Extra  fluids 
were  given  while  the  packs  were  being 
applied  because  perspiration  was  usually 
profuse.  The  patients  remained  flat  on 
their  backs  most  of  the  time  but,  two 
or  three  times  daily,  they  were  turned 
onto  the  face  for  a  few  minutes  with 
the  feet  hanging  over  the  edge  of  the 
mattress.  This  change  of  position  af- 
forded a  short  rest  or  an  opportunity 
for  applying  fomentations  to  the  back. 

Those  children  who  suffered  consid-- 
erable  pain  in  the  hamstrings  and  the 
muscles  of  the  calves  of  the  legs,  or  in 
the  abdominal  muscles,  were  made  as 
comfortable  as  possible  by  placing  pil- 
lows under  the  knees.  As  soon  as  the 
muscle  spasm  and  pain  were  relieved 
the  legs  were  gradually  placed  flat  on 
the  mattress  in  the  position  already  des- 
cribed. Most  of  the  children  accepted 
the  packs  very  well  and  lay  quietly 
enough.  In  the  initial  stages  of  the  di- 
sease when,  due  to  spasm,  the  muscles 
are  hard  and  tight,  severe  pain  is  caused 
by  movement  or  even  by  the  gentlest 
touch;  nevertheless  the  patients  were  so 
much  relieved  by  the  application  of  fo- 
mentations that  they  often  slept  through 
the  changing  of  the  pack.  At  this  same 
stage  extreme  nervous  irritability  is  us- 
ually present  but  in  most  instances  this, 
too,  was  noticeably  lessened.  In  a  short 
time  the  crying  would  cease  and  it  was 
not  uncommon  to  walk  into  the  ward 
and  find  the  children  singing.  When 
the  arms  and  hands  were  not  involved 
the  children  were  allowed  suitable  play 
activities.  An  older  boy,  admitted  several 
days  after  the  onset  of  a  bulbar  paralysis, 
said  that  the  hot  packs  relieved  his  diffi- 
culty in   breathing  almost  immediately. 


Vol.  38,  No.  10 


NURSING   ASPECTS    OF    POLIOMYELITIS     769 


He  required  feeding  by  gavage  as  he  was 
unable  to  swallow.  However,  he  has 
done  very  well  and  the  respirator  was 
not  used.  One  child  of  seven  was  very 
difficult  to  manage  in  spite  of  extensive 
involvement.  His  family  history  was  one 
of  strife  and  emotional  difficulty  at 
home.  To  keep  him  in  his  pack  required 
the  greater  part  of  the  time  of  one  nurse. 
This  description  of  treatment  by  fo- 
mentation makes  it  clear  that  it  involves 
a  very  great  deal  of  work.  Finally  a 
time  came  when  there  were  not  enough 
nurses  to  carry  on,  even  though  every 


procedure  had  been  simphfied  as  much 
as  possible.  The  Hospital,  therefore,  ap- 
proached the  Women's  Voluntary  Ser- 
vice Centre  Hospital  Brigade  for  volun- 
teer help.  The  response  was  most  grati- 
fying and  four  workers  reported  for 
duty  each  morning  and  were  relieved 
by  four  additional  workers  in  the  after- 
noon. All  these  volunteers  were  over 
forty-five  years  of  age.  They  helped  to 
apply  the  fomentations  and  to  feed  the 
children  and  when  domestic  help  failed 
completely  they  saved  the  situation  by 
washing  the  dishes. 


Appreciation  of  Miss  Helen  Locke 

In  this  brief  appreciation  of  Miss  from  this  stream  there  s'"em  such  vir- 
Locke,  written  for  The  Canadian  Nurse  tues  as  loyalty,  steadfastness  and  kind- 
following  her  retirement  from  the  To-  ness — the  qualities  which  g^ive  life  pur- 
ronto  General  Hospital,  it  is  not  the 
intention  to  give  a  biographical  sketch, 
either  personal  or  professional,  but  rath- 
er to  speak  of  the  intrinsic  beauty  of  her 
character,  so  well  known  to  her  con- 
temporaries and  the  students  who  have 
passed  through  the  school  in  the  last 
quarter  of  a  century. 

In  the  realm  of  the  spirit,  Miss  Locke 
has  been  a  great  leader.  She  has  never 
preached,  but  has  consistently  practised 
the  great  fundamental  principles  of  the 
Christian  religion.  Her  shining  faith  in 
God  has  illumined  her  road  through  all 
the  years  since  she  came  in  1913  to  the 
Toronto  General  Hospital  Training 
School  for  Nurses  as  assistant  to  Miss 
Jean  I.  Gunn,  the  superintendent. 

Human  nature  is  such  a  strange  mix- 
ture of  bad  and  good,  that,  in  appraising 
most  people,  we  can  judge  only  by  their 
preponderating  qualities.  But  Miss  Locke  ^^'^  ^^  Randolph  Macdonaid.  Toronto 

has  a  clear  and  positive  selflessness  and  Helen  G.  R.  Locke 


OCTOBER.  1942 


770 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


pose  and  meaning  and  which  constitute 
real  strength. 

The  ideah'st  is  usually  the  most  prac- 
tical of  all  people,  popular  opinion  to 
the  contrary.  This  is  indubitably  true  of 
Miss  Locke.  She  has  been  a  shrewd 
administrator,  as  those  behind  the  scenes 
are  well  aware.  She  has  never  been  am- 
bitious for  public  acclaim,  but  her  vigilant 
work  in  the  background  has  been  of  in- 
estimable importance  to  the  Training 
School  and  to  the  Hospital. 

No  one  would  acknowledge  this  more 
readily  than  her  friend  and  chief,  Miss 
Gunn.  Indeed,  the  strong  bond  which 
united  these  two  nurses  is  one  of  those 
rare  and  beautiful  things  which  we  find 
all  too  seldom.  They  trained  together  in 
the  Presbyterian  Hospital,  New  York, 
and,  after  Miss  Gunn  was  appointed 
Superintendent  of  Nurses  in  1913,  she 
sent  for  Miss  Locke  to  come  as  her 
Assistant.  Through  all  those  years  they 
worked  together  professionally  in  har- 
mony, and  their  friendship  deepened  and 
strengthened.  In  the  last  difficult  days  of 
Miss  Gunn's  life.  Miss  Locke  carried 
the  responsibility  of  the  training-school 
and  hospital,  and,  at  the  same  time,  was 
a  constant  source  of  cheer  and  comfort 
to  Miss  Gunn  personally. 

After  Miss  Gunn's  death.  Miss  Locke 
did  not  even  allow  herself  the  luxury 
of  mourning,  for  she  felt  that  a  con- 
tinued atmosphere  of  gloom  would  be 
very  bad  for  the  students  and  staff.  So, 
with  sound  common  sense,  she  threw 
herself  whole-heartedly  into  the  festivi- 
ties of  the  first  school  party  that  occurred 
afterwards. 

It  would  be  impossible  to  enumerate 


all  Miss  Locke's  kindnesses  to  those  who 
are  shut  away  from  normal  activities  be- 
cause of  illness  but  it  is  well  known  that 
most  of  her  off-duty  hours  are  regularly 
spent  in  visits  to  them.  Telephone  calls 
of  reassurance  to  the  households  of  pa- 
tients were  never  a  burden  to  her  and  so 
one  could  go  on  enumerating, 

That  best  portion  of  a  good  man's  life 
His  little  nameless y  unrem,em,bered  acts 
of  kindness  and  of  love. 

Like  all  people  who  are  well-adjusted 
to  life,  Miss  Locke  radiates  happiness. 
Her  sense  of  humour  is  very  strong,  and 
makes  her  always  "good  company". 

As  a  tangible  sign  of  their  apprecia- 
tion, the  Alumnae  Association  gave  Miss 
Locke,  as  a  parting  gift,  a  Victory  bond 
for  a  thousand  dollars  and  entertained 
her  at  an  afternoon  and  evening  re- 
ception in  the  residence. 

Miss  Locke  has  now  gone  to  live  with 
a  devoted  sister  in  Melbourne,  Quebec^ 
in  surroundings  that  she  loves.  Her  par- 
ticular niche  can  never  be  filled  but,, 
while  missing  her  sorely,  all  her  friends 
rejoice  over  her  happy  retirement  at 
a  time  when,  we  hope,  there  lie  ahead 
many  happy  years  of  leisure. 

In  conclusion,  let  us  quote  Kipling's 
version  of  praise  for  famous  men  (and 
women)  which  seems  particularly  appro- 
priate for  Miss  Locke  : 

Let  us  now  praise  famous  men 
Ancients  of  the  College; 
For  they  taught  us  common  sense. 
Tried  to  teach  us  common  sense y 
Truth  and  God^s  Own  Common  Sensey 
W  hie  I  J  is  more  than  Knowledge! 

-J.  E.  B. 


Vol.  38.  No.  10 


Food  in  a  Nation  at  War 


Laura  C.  Pepper 


Food  has  a  new  importance  after 
nearly  three  years  of  war  and  the  eco- 
nomy of  this  country  is  so  inter-related 
with  the  economy  of  the  Allies  that  war 
in  the  Libyan  desert  and  the  North 
Atlantic,  war  in  Australia  and  the  jun- 
gles of  Burma,  is  now  affecting  the  diet 
of  Canadians.  In  1942,  the  people  of 
this  country  have  a  double  responsibility. 
They  must  share  their  food  with  the 
United  Nations  and  they  must  also  edu- 
cate themselves  in  the  nutritional  field 
so  that  they  can  get  the  greatest  value 
out  of  the  food  at  their  disposal  and  so 
achieve  efficiency  through  good  health. 
This  second  duty  involves,  as  well  as  a 
knowledge  of  nutrition,  a  knowledge  of 
markets  and  a  price-consciousness. 

Evidence  that  all  is  not  well  with  the 
Canadian  diet  is  contained  in  the  high 
percentage  of  rejections  in  the  recruits 
for  military  service.  Almost  43  percent 
of  all  men  examined  are  being  de- 
clared physically  unfit.  This  bears  out 
the  results  of  dietary  surveys  which  were 
completed  in  1939  in  the  four  Cana- 
dian cities  of  Halifax,  Quebec,  Toronto 
and  Edmonton.  These  studies  showed 
wide-spread  deficiencies  especially  of  the 
B  vitamins,  Vitamin  C,  calcium,  iron 
and  Vitamin  A.  These  deficiencies  were 
not  so  marked  as  to  be  the  direct  cause 
of  illness  in  most  cases  but  were  severe 
enough  to  handicap  the  health  and 
strength  of  the  families  studied.  Analy- 
sis of  the  results  showed  that  the  father 
was  the  best  fed  member  of  the  family; 
babies  and  young  children  came  next  and 
teen-age  children  and  the  others  were 
the  worst  fed.  It  therefore  seems  that 
families  recognized  the  importance  of 
health  for  the  wage-earner  and  that  the 
many  programs  that  have  been  carried 


on  in  infant  nutrition  have  helped  to 
make  mothers  realize  the  importance 
of  proper  food  for  growth.  That  the  tre- 
mendously high  requirements  of  the 
teen-age  child  have  not  been  properly 
reahzed  is  born  out  by  the  fact  that 
many  of  the  rejected  recruits  were 
drawn  from  that  age  group. 

In  November  1941,  realizing  the 
importance  of  physical  fitness  in  a  na- 
tion at  war,  the  government  established 
Nutrition  Services,  in  the  Department  of 
Pensions  and  National  Health.  This 
Service,  which  is  directed  by  Dr.  L.  B. 
Pett,  has  been  making  a  survey  of  the 
diets  of  workers  in  war  industries  and 
has  given  advice  and  suggestions  for 
their  improvement.  Then,  to,  nutrition 
committees  have  been  set  up  in  most 
Canadian  provinces  and  every  effort  is 
being  made,  through  nutrition  services, 
to  co-ordinate  the  programs  across  Can- 
ada and  to  make  communities  nutri- 
tion-conscious. It  is  hoped  that  a  knowl- 
edge of  good  nutrition  will  make  it 
possible  for  Canadians  to  substitute 
foods  intelligently  if,  through  war  short- 
ages,  substitution   becomes  necessary. 

To  get  the  right  foods,  it  is  neces- 
sary to  know  not  only  what  to  buy  but 
how  to  buy  it,  and  it  is  in  this  connec- 
tion that  the  Consumer  Section  of  the 
Department  of  Agriculture  can  be  of 
assistance.  This  Section  is  interested  not 
only  in  the  marketing  and  preparation 
of  food,  but  also  in  available  supplies  and 
qualit)-.  In  this  war  Canadians  realize 
that  their  dietary  problems  are  largely 
a  question  of  eating  sufficient  quantities 
of  the  right  kind  of  food,  and  not  prim- 
arily a  question  of  shortages  of  certain 
foods  as  was  the  case  in  the  last  war 
which  resulted  in  meatless  and  wheatless 


OCTOBER.   1942 


771 


772 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


days.  The  Consumer  Section  is  inter- 
ested in  conservation  in  its  broadest  sense 
and  every  effort  is  made  to  help  Cana- 
dian women  make  the  best  use  of  na- 
tional products,  whether  in  war  or  in 
peace. 

Both  nutrition  and  marketing  are 
very  closely  linked  wtih  the  subject  of 
price-control.  The  Consumer  Branch 
of  the  Wartime  Prices  and  Trade 
Board  has  asked  wqmen  to  co-operate 
in  maintaining  the  price  ceiHng  and  pre- 
venting inflation  which  would  make  it 
impossible  for  the  housewife  to  buy 
enough  foods  to  nourish  her  family  pro- 
perly. Nutrition  programs  become  mere- 
ly paper  plans  unless  price  control  keeps 
some  check  on  the  spiral  of  inflation 
which  it  was  feared  would  be  an  inevi- 
table consequence  of  war.  It  is  not 
enough  that  prices  be  kept  steady,  if  the 
quality  of  the  goods  sold  deteriorates.  In 
the  realm  of  food,  the  public  is  protected 
in  this  matter  by  the  excellent  system  of 
grading  and  labelling  which  has  been 
worked  out  by  the  Department  of  Agri- 
culture and  the  Department  of  Pensions 
and  National  Health. 

The  primary  function  of  agriculture 
has  always  been  to  produce  foods  for 
Canadians.  Added  to  this  at  present  is 
the  gigantic  task  of  producing  food  for 
Britain.  Germany,  as  early  as  1936, 
reahzed  that  food  was  a  weapon  of  de- 
fence and  prices  were  controlled  so  that 
more  nutritious  foods  v^ere  cheaper  than 
those  less  essential  to  health.  Britain, 
since  the  war,  has  considered  food  values 
as  well  as  shipping  space.  The  impor- 
tance of  the  B  vitamins  has  been  rea- 
lized and  national  whole-meal  flour  has 
been  widely  promoted  so  that  the  most 
could  be  made  of  Britain's  wheat  im- 
ports and  the  health  of  her  people  bene- 
fitted. Although  Canada  is  fortunate  in 
not  having  to  worry  about  a  wheat 
shortage,  her  government  has  recog- 
nized the  need  for  getting  the  best  value 


from  Canadian  foods  and  has  recently 
helped  to  develop  a  new  milling  process 
by  which  Vitamin  B  white  flour  (Can- 
ada Approved)  is  on  the  market  and  will 
help  to  increase  the  B  vitamins  in  Cana- 
dian diets.  When  it  is  realized  that  80 
percent  of  the  Canadian  diets  studied 
were  low  in  the  B  vitamins,  the  impor- 
tance of  this  step  becomes  apparent. 

Britain's  chief  demands  are  for  the 
protein  foods  which  are  necessary  for 
growth  and  the  maintenance  of  body 
tissue.  Canadian  agriculture  has  met 
these  requirements  and  in  some  cases 
has  shipped  more  than  that  for  which 
contracts  were  made.  The  largest  con- 
tract was  for  bacon,  and  for  other  pork 
products  which  supplied  both  protein  and 
fats  for  the  British  diet.  The  present 
contract,  to  be  completed  before  Sep- 
tember 30,  1942,  is  for  a  minimum  of 
600,000,000  pounds.  In  order  to  fill  this 
contract  it  has  been  necessary  to  res- 
trict the  domestic  consumption  of  pork 
by  50  percent.  British  contracts  call  for 
Wiltshire  sides  but  pork  tenderloin, 
heads,  jowls,  spare  ribs  and  trimmings 
are  not  used  for  export.  Certain  quan- 
tities of  other  cuts  and  some  bacon  is 
also  available  for  home  consumption  be- 
cause, while  of  excellent  quality,  they 
do  not  fulfil  export  requirements.  Dairy 
products  have  also  been  shipped  to  Bri- 
tain. The  most  important  in  this  group 
is  cheese.  The  present  contract  is  for 
125,000,000  pounds  but  production  is 
well  ahead  of  last  year  and  it  is  hoped 
that  it  will  not  be  necessary  further  to 
restrict  the  Canadian  market.  Cheese 
has  been  on  Canadian  grocery  shelves 
since  the  shipments  to  Britain  began, 
but  not  in  the  amounts  and  kinds  that 
were  available  in  pre-war  days.  Eva- 
porated milk  has  also  been  sent  over- 
seas in  quantity  and  last  year  685,000 
cases  were  shipped.  Before  the  war, 
something  over  one  million  eggs  were 
supplied  annually    to  Great  Britain  but 


Vol.  38,  No.  10 


FOOD    IN   A   NATION   AT   WAR 


773 


this  trade  has  greatly  increased.  Since 
February  of  this  year,  all  eggs  have  been 
shipped  in  powdered  form  to  conserve 
space.  Thirty  dozen  eggs  weigh  only 
ten  pounds  in  this  form  and  it  is  ex- 
pected that  Britain  will  take  approxi- 
mately 45,000,000  dozen  this  year. 

Some  of  the  staple  exports  of  former 
years  have  been  war  casualties  —  among 
these  are  apples.  It  is  hoped,  however, 
that  arrangements  will  be  made  to  ship 
large  quantities  of  dried  apples  from 
the  1942  crop.  Other  contracts  or  ar- 
rangements for  the  third  year  of  war 
include  honey,  canned  tomatoes,  onions 
and  fruits  preserved  in  a  special  solu- 
tion for  processing  in  Great  Britain.  It 
is  not  only  agricultural  products  which 
are  needed  overseas,  however.  This  year 
the  Department  of  Fisheries  has  allo- 
cated its  entire  salmon  and  herring  pack 
to  the  mother  country  which  last  year 
was  supplied  with  1,500,000  cases  of 
salmon  and  1,000,000  cases  of  herring. 
All  Canadians  do  not  have  a  part  to 
play  in  producing  this  food  for  Britain, 
but  they  can  greatly  assist  in  its  proper 
distribution  by  watching  for  food  re- 
ports in  the  press  and  co-operating  with 
the  government  by  limiting  consumption 
of  those  foods  that  are  required  to  com- 
plete shipping  contracts.  Each  person 
can  also  contribute  to  the  success  of  the 
war  effort  by  improving  his,  or  her, 
own  nutritional  status  by  following  rules 
for  good  nutrition  and  buying  intelli- 
gently. Guess-work  in  buying  soon  be- 
comes expensive.  It  is  now  the  duty  of 
every  Canadian  to  buy  more  food  hav- 
ing nutritional  value,  and  spend  less  on 
food  accessories,  such  as  spices,  flavoring 
and  condiments  that  merely  appeal  to 
the  appetite. 

Food  rationing,  up  to  the  present,  has 
not  affected  the  nutritional  value  of 
diets  in  this  country.  Too  high  a  propor- 
tion of  the  energy  value  of  present-day 
diets  has  come   from  the   "unprotective 

OCTOBER,  1942 


calories"  —  white  bread,  sugar  and 
other  sweets.  Sugar  rationing  means  that 
more  whole-grain  cereals,  more  fruits 
and  more  vegetables  can  be  included  in 
menus.  Tea  and  coffee,  which  act  as 
mild  stimulants,  have  no  food  value  in 
themselves.  The  Nutrition  Services  in 
the  Department  of  Pensions  and  Na- 
tional Health  recommend  that  the  fol- 
lowing foods  be  included  in  meals  every 
day: 

Milk  ■.11/2  pints  to  1  quart  for  children; 
V2  pint  to  1  pint  for  adults. 

Vegetables:  two  servings  daily  besides  po- 
tatoes ;  one  leafy  or  raw  vegetable  if  pos- 
sible ;  use  green  and  yellow  vegetables  often. 

Meat :  at  least  one  serving  daily  of  meat, 
poultry,  fish  or  cheese;  liver,  heart  and  kid- 
ney are  especially  rich  in  vitamins  and  min- 
erals should  be  included  at  least  once  a  week. 

Fruit :  two  servings  daily  of  fresh  or  can- 
ned fruit;  one  of  these  servings  should  be 
tomato  or  citrus  fruit. 

Cereal:  one  serving  of  whole  grain  cereal 
daily;  bread  should  be  whole  grain  of  the 
new  vitamin  rich  white  or  brown,  (Canada 
approved.) 

Eggs:  one  daily  if  possible,  or  at  least 
three  to  four  times  a  week. 

Butter:  at  least  two  tablespoons  daily. 

S'weets :  may  be  added  as  needed  and  plenty 
of  water — four  to  six  glasses  daily. 

Canadians  are  fortunate  in  that  all 
the  foods  essential  to  health  can  be  pro- 
duced in  their  own  country.  In  the  post- 
war world  it  is  likely  that  much  of  the 
food  that  is  now  being  diverted  to  Bri- 
tain will  be  available  for  home  consump- 
tion so  that  with  a  proper  knowledge  of 
nutrition  the  people  of  Canada  will  be  in 
a  splendid  position  to  attain  health 
through  good  eating  habits.  With  this 
new  knowledge  they  should  also  see  the 
necessity  of  guiding  production  into 
channels  that  will  produce  foods  essen- 
tial for  nutrition  and  not  just  for  flavour 
and   appetite   appeasement.    Histon'   has 


774 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


shown  that  out  of  all  the  destruction  of 
war  some  good  does  accrue.  One  of  the 
most  important  developments  in  a  na- 
tion at  war  is  the  critical  e.valuation  of 
the  country's  habits.  If  this  new  critical 


faculty  can  be  directed  to  the  problem  of 
nutrition  the  time  and  effort  that  is  be- 
ing spent  on  nutrition  programs  today 
will  bear  dividends  for  future  genera- 
tions of  Canadians. 


With  the  Canadian  Orthopaedic  Unit  for  Scotland 


The  Journal  is  indebted  to  Miss  Jean 
E.  Browne  for  permission  to  publish  ex- 
tracts from  a  letter  written  by  Miss 
Mary  Earnshaw  now  on  duty  in  the 
Hairmyres  Hospital,  in  Scotland,  with 
the  Canadian  Orthopaedic  Unit: 

I  am  sitting  in  my  room  listening  to  the 
birds  singing.  The  evenings  are  the  nicest 
part  of  the  day  —  ideal  for  cycling  and  ten- 
nis. The  countryside  is  fresh  and  green  and  in 
our  tours  we  find  all  kinds  of  wild  flowers. 
I  believe  Miss  Hunter  discovered  a  place  to 
pick  watercress  but  she  hasn't  disclosed  her 
secret  yet !  However  we  have  a  small  garden 
outside  which  the  gardener  is  going  to  plant 
with  lettuce  and  onions  and  which  no  doubt 
it  will  be  our  duty  to  weed.  We  should  be  in 
fine  trim  as  we  have  all  developed  into 
regular  out-door  girls. 

Life  seems  to  get  more  interesting  and  en- 
joyable —  which  seems  rather  ironic  in  view 
of  the  fact  that  we  are  here  under  such  sad 
circumstances.  We  are  busy  enough  at  work 
and  our  wards  are  usually  full  so  perhaps  we 
are  entitled  to  enjoy  all  the  very  many 
pleasant  things  that  come  our  way  when  off 
duty.  Miss  Tinkiss,  Miss  Kemp  and  I  went 
to  London  for  a  week  and  had  a  wonderful 
holiday.  Just  being  there  was  a  thrill  in  itself 
and  seeing  all  the  lovely  old  buildings  and 
beautiful  gardens  was  even  more  thrilling. 
The  British  people  are  carrying  on  won- 
derfully and  I  am  certainly  proud  to  be 
helping  a  little. 

On  my  next  leave  I  think  I  shall  explore 
the  quieter  parts,  for  from  what  we  saw  of 
the  English  countryside  it  seemed  so  lovely 
and  peaceful.  It  does  seem  strange  to  describe 


England  as  peaceful  during  wartime  but  of 
course  things  are  much  quieter  now  than  a 
year  ago.  Nevertheless  everyone  is  working 
along  quietly  and  methodically,  each  at  his 
own  task  however  small.  It  is  a  constant 
source  of  wonder  and  admiration  to  me  to 
see  the  way  that  good  and  bad  fortune  are 
alike  accepted  by  all. 

Our  work  —  of  course  the  work  of  the 
doctors  primarily  —  is  progressing  very  well, 
and  with  excellent  results.  We  are  always 
pleased  and  proud  to  patch  up  broken  limbs 
that  have  been  stubborn  elsewhere  I  Most  of 
us  are  fortunate  in  having  friends  or  brothers 
or  cousins  in  the  services  and  not  many  days 
pass  without  having  a  Canadian  visitor  in  our 
"Canada  House".  The  two  ambulance  drivers 
at  Hairmyres  dubbed  it  as  such,  and  the 
name  sticks.  These  two  girls  —  Pat  and  Pen 
—  are  our  most  regular  ones.  (They  like  our 
coffee).  We  have  visited  their  homes  and 
also  often  have  invitations  to  other  homes  in 
the  district.  I  hope  we  don't  become  too 
settled  down  here  I 

This  week  we  were  asked  to  join  in  a  pa- 
rade for  the  Jackton  Warship  Week.  Twelve 
of  us  joined  in,  including  Miss  Hunter,  and 
quite  enjoyed  it.  We  rode  home  in  style  on 
the  Hairmyres  Fire  Engine,  hair  flying  most 
unprofessionally. 

Mail  from  home  continues  to  come  along 
regularly  and  is  always  welcome.  We  don't 
lack  "goodies"  of  all  kinds  but  our  chief 
problem  seems  to  be  wondering  where  our 
next  pair  of  white  stockings  will  come  from. 
However  we  usually  drop  hints  to  the  folks 
at  home  and  hope  for  results !  We  are  very 
grateful  for  all  the  supplies  which  have  been 
sent  from  the  Red  Cross.  They  are  certainly 
very  much  appreciated. 


•ol.  38,  No.  10 


PUBLIC   HEALTH    NURSING 


Contributed  by  the  Public  Health  Section  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association. 

Leaves  from  Alberta  Public  Health  Diaries 

Blanche  A.  Emerson   and  E.  Irene  Stewart 


I  felt  heartily  ashamed  of  myself  to- 
day. I  was  called  to  see  a  man,  aged 
62  years,  suffering  from  intestinal  flu. 
His  mother,  aged  86  years,  keeps  house 
for  him  and  to  get  help  she  walked  a 
mile  over  a  stretch  of  very  rough  road. 
The  house  was  as  neat  as  could  be,  lovely 
braided  rugs  and  homemade  quilts  add- 
ing to  its  attractiveness.  The  mother  was 
small  in  stature  and  weighed  about  a 
hundred  pounds.  She  moves  quickly  and 
is  far  more  alert  than  many  half  her 
age.  She  insisted  upon  getting  something 
to  eat  and,  as  if  by  magic,  an  appetizing 
meal  was  spread  in  front  of  me.  Her 
son's  illness  added  to  her  work  and  I 
marvelled  at  all  she  accomplished  and  re- 
marked that  I  did  not  know  how  she 
could  do  it.  She  smiled  and  said,  "He  is 
my  boy,  it  makes  a  difference,  doesn't 
it?"  I  had  travelled  in  a  wagon  over 
very  rough  roads  in  order  to  make  that 
visit  and  was  full  of  aches  and  pains  and 
self-pity.  No  wonder  I  felt  ashamed. 
The  trip  home  was  a  pleasure,  the  scen- 
ery beautiful.  I  was  doing  my  chosen 
work,  and  it  did  make  a  difference. 

One  night  last  winter  there  was 
pounding  on  the  door  and  a  shout  — 
"Come  quick,  nurse,  my  missus  is  getting 
a  baby."  I  crawled  out  of  my  warm  bed, 
put  on  a  thin  cotton  dress  that  could  be 
comfortably  tucked  into  my  ski  siit  and 


later  covered  by  a  clean  white  gown. 
Sweater,  jacket,  mocassins,  heavy  socks, 
a  toque  and  mittens  were  hastily  donned 
and  we  were  off.  The  thermometer  reg- 
istered 40  below  zero,  and  we  had  fif- 
teen miles  to  go,  which  meant  riding  a 
mile,  and  running  a  mile  to  keep  the 
blood  circulating.  At  last  we  reached  the 
two-roomed  house,  the  front  room  oc- 
cupied by  three  wide-eyed  frightened 
youngsters,  greatly  relieved  to  see  Daddy 
back  with  the  nurse.  They  were  evident- 
ly disappointed  that  the  nurse  did  not 
look  like  the  one  in  the  magazines,  for 
one  of  them  whispered,  "She  looks  just 
like  a  mother." 

After  removing  my  outer  garments 
and  donning  the  gown,  I  stepped  into 
the  second  room.  It  was  a  tiny  one  and 
the  double  bed  filled  half  of  it.  On  it  lay 
the  mother  busy  with  her  task  of 
bringing  a  new  life  into  the  world.  The 
other  half  was  filled  with  cabbages! 
Cabbages  piled  high  to  the  ceiling. 
The  patient  is  the  champion  sour- 
kraut  maker  in  the  district,  and  all  the 
neighbours  bring  their  cabbages  to  her. 
She  had,  alas,  made  a  slight  miscalcula- 
tion this  time.  The  children,  now  their 
father  had  returned,  slept  peacefully  in 
the  other  room.  Father  tended  the  fires 
and  looked  after  the  water  supply.  At 
last,  all  was  over  and  another  little  baby 


OCTOBER.  1942 


775 


776 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


had  arrived  safely  into  the  world.  I  had 
to  call  the  father  to  come  and  take  the 
infant.  I  could  not  move  for  I  had 
learned  my  lesson.  If  you  kick  one  cab- 
bage that  gets  in  your  w^ay,  you  have 
ten  cabbages  where  one  had  been  before, 
and  if  you  try  to  move  ten  cabbages  on 
the  edge  of  a  pile,  you  are  immediately 
surrounded.  I  know  that  successful  nurs- 
ing can  go  on  under  unbelievable  condi- 
tions, but  for  just  a  moment  I  had  my 
doubts,  for,  as  I  glanced  at  that  wee 
baby's  tiny  head,  I  could  have  sworn  it 
looked  just  like  a  cabbage ! 

Mrs.  S.  came  to  the  clinic  the  other 
day  with  her  five-year-old  son.  She  said 
he  had  enuresis  and  she  had  tried  in 
every  way  to  help  him  overcome  the 
trouble  but  without  success.  As  I  was 
very  busy,  and  Mrs.  S.  couldn't  wait, 
I  suggested  that  in  the  meantime  she 
give  the  child  some  soda  bicarbonate  and 
return  later  when  we  could  go  into  the 
matter  carefully.  She  returned  today 
and  said  that  when  she  got  home  she 
gave  the  soda  bicarbonate  as  requested, 
and  he  looked  up  at  her  and  said,  "The 
nurse  says  I'll  never  wet  my  panties 
again  if  I  take  this"  —  and  he  hadn't! 
\Vhat  a  break!  Having  conscientiously 
read  over  a  period  of  years  everything 
I  could  lay  my  hands  on  regarding  be- 
haviour problems  in  connection  with 
enuresis  and  never  having  been  able  to 
see  where  one  left  off  and  the  other  be- 
gan— still  in  the  dark!  Oh,  well,  it  was 
just  one  of  those  little  things  that  give  us 
public  health  nurses  the  courage  to  carry 
on. 

The  mysterious  Mrs.  K.  (or  was  it 
Missr)  passed  on  today.  The  Mouni"ie 
whose  duty  it  is,  in  the  absence  of  a 
medical  man,  to  pronounce  a  person 
dead,  was  away  on  a  serious  piece  of 
work  and  sent  a  message  asking  me  if 
I  would  perform  this  service  for  him.  I 
had   heard   of   Mrs.    K.    Ions:   before    I 


caught  a  gHmpse  of  her.  First  she  kept 
house  for  this  bachelor,  then  moved  on 
to  another  one.  Where  she  came  from, 
where  her  family  were,  no  one  seemed 
to  know.  She  guarded  her  secret  well  to 
the  very  end.  I  travelled  a  great  many 
miles  to  what  seemed  to  me  to  be  one  of 
the  remote  outposts  of  civilization  and 
found  a  sort  of  wake  being  carried  on  by 
some  of  the  men  in  the  district.  Death 
had  not  touched  them  for  many  years,, 
and  somehow  the  keen  edge  had  to  be 
dulled  a  bit.  They  spoke  kindly  of  the 
little  lady  and  asked  me  to  go  through 
her  belongings.  In  her  cupboard  I  found 
gowns  with  Paris  labels  on  them,  old 
maybe,  and  out  of  date,  but  bearing 
evidence  of  former  loveliness.  And  there 
was  a  very  pretty  down  comforter  on 
her  bed.  When  I  dressed  her  in  the  pret- 
tiest gown  and  laid  her  on  that  soft 
comforter  which  completely  lined  the 
crude  box  that  had  been  hastily  prepared 
for  her  .  .  .well,  somehow,  the  beauty 
of  the  gown  and  softness  of  the  comfort- 
er made  the  task  a  little  easier. 


Editor's  Note  :  The  "leaves"  from  Miss 
Blanche  Emerson's  diary  come  to  an  end  at 
this  point.  They  are  followed  by  these  ex- 
cerpts from  a  letter  written  by  Miss  Irene 
Stewart  to  her  parents  describing  her  ex- 
periences during  a  flood  which  caused  great 
damage  in  her  district : 

By  this  time  you  have  read  the  news- 
paper account  of  the  flood  at  White- 
court.  It  was  a  terrible  flood  and  I  was 
caught  in  it  but  fortuna*'ely  just  at  the 
edge  of  the  flooded  area.  I  was  going 
down  on  the  river  flat,  seven  miles  from 
town,  to  make  the  first  post-natal  visit 
to  a  patient  whom  I  had  confined  and 
star«"ed  out  with  one  of  the  men  who 
lived  in  the  river  flat,  across  from  my 
patient.  On  the  way  out  we  met  some  of 
his  neighbours  who  were  moving  up  to 
the  hills,  temporarily,  taking  their  stock 


Vol.  38.  No.  10 


PUBLIC    HEALTH    NURSING    DIARIES 


777 


with  them.  They  told  us  there  was  some 
water  on  the  road,  but  that  we  could 
still  reach  our  destination.  I  decided  that 
the  thing  to  do  was  to  get  on  as  quickly 
as  possible  and  help  move  my  patient 
and  family  from  their  home  which  would 
certainly  be  in  danger  if  the  water  rose 
higher.  While  we  were  within  a  mile 
and  a  half  there  was  considerable  water 
on  the  road  so  we  unhitched  the  horses 
and  went  on  horseback.  We  sent  a  girl 
back  to  town  on  horseback  to  ask  some 
of  the  men  to  come  out  with  a  boat  in 
case  we  should  not  be  able  to  get  my  pa- 
tient out  in  any  other  way.  About  half 
a  mile  further  on,  the  water  was  much 
deeper,  and  we  realized  it  was  rising 
quickly.  The  horses  began  to  swim  and 
we  decided  to  turn  back.  The  horses 
were  headed  for  home  and  wouldn't  turn 
back  — they  seemed  to  get  excited,  too. 
Somehow  my  horse  got  ahead  and  when 
I  looked  back,  my  companion  was  strug- 
gling with  his  horse,  trying  to  get  back 
on  him  again.  Finally  the  man  struggled 
over  to  the  fence  and  I  tried  several  times 
to  turn  my  horse  back  with  no  success. 
He  seemed  to  be  trying  to  get  me  off  his 
back,  which  he  finally  did,  landing  me  in 
the  icy  water,  too  deep  to  touch  bottom. 
Was  I  ever  glad  I  could  swim,  although 
it  wasn't  easy  with  my  heavy  clothing 
on.  I  was  fairly  near  the  fence  and  had 
only  a  few  strokes  to  swim  to  a  spot  of 
ground  where  I  could  stand  and  hang  on 
to  the  fence.  I  looked  in  the  direction 
the  horses  were  going.  There  were  huge 
chunks  of  ice  tearing  along  in  the  swift 
stream  quite  near  the  house  we  were 
trying  to  get  to.  It  was  horrible  to  think 
of  the  families  down  there,  knowing  we 
couldn't  do  anything. 

We  followed  the  fence  back  to  the 
nearest  house  which  had  been  vacated 
by  the  family  we  met  on  our  way  out. 


Wading  in  ice  water  is  no  joke,  and 
even  though  it  was  only  about  half  a 
mile,  it  seemed  much  further.  The  water 
was  flowing  so  rapidly  down  the  road, 
just  like  a  river.  We  could  never  have 
made  any  progress  without  having  the 
fence  to  follow,  only  the  top  strand  was 
above  water.  It  must  have  taken  us 
nearly  an  hour  and  a  half  just  to  get  out 
of  the  flooded  area  to  the  house.  It  had 
about  a  foot  of  water  in  it.  The  man 
who  owned  it  had  come  back  as  he 
realized  the  jam  had  broken  and  the 
water  was  going  down.  He  found  us 
some  dry  clothes  and  cooked  bacon  and 
eggs  and  made  coffee  for  us. 

The  men  arrived  from  town  with  a 
wagon,  a  team  of  mules  and  a  boat.  It 
was  dreadful  to  sit  there  and  wait  but  it 
wasn't  safe  to  start  as  the  water  was  still 
too  high.  It  was  about  two  hours  before 
they  finally  brought  my  patient  out,  on 
a  mattress,  in  the  boat.  To  my  amaze- 
ment her  clothing  was  quite  dry  and  she 
was  trying  to  keep  as  calm  as  possible. 

While  we  were  waiting  for  the  boat  to 
go  back  again  for  the  children,  I  got 
something  for  my  patient  to  eat,  and 
heard  her  story  of  the  flood.  When  the 
water  started  to  rise,  her  husband  got 
the  family  moved  up  into  the  attic  with 
the  help  of  a  neighbour  girl.  There  were 
four  children  besides  the  new  baby.  They 
were  up  there  for  about  three  hours  and 
didn't  even  have  time  to  take  any  food 
with  them.  It  certainly  was  not  the  best 
treatment  for  a  maternity  patient,  but 
she  seemed  to  be  no  worse  for  her  awful 
experience.  It  was  a  great  relief  to  get 
the  mother  and  baby  comfortably  settled 
in  a  warm,  dry  home.  The  poor  little 
kiddies  were  so  tired  and  cold,  but  never 
complained  once.  They  were  taken  to 
different  homes  where  they  were  well 
looked  after. 


OCTOBER.  1942 


GENERAL   NURSING 


Contributed  by  the  General  Nursing  Section  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association 


A  Word  from  the  Patienf 


Edith  Wainwright 


I  should  like  to  call  this  article  "I  am 
the  patient",  because  I  speak  solely  as  a 
lay  woman.  I  am  not  a  nurse — in  fact 
I  never  cease  to  be  amazed  and  im- 
pressed by  your  mechanical  training,  I 
look  in  awe  on  a  bed  being  made  with 
corners  at  right  angles  with  such  a  nice 
little  pleat  in  the  blanket  for  your  toes, 
a  pillow  tucked  in  at  the  bottom  for 
your  feet  as  well  as  many  neatly  piled 
rectangles  of  down  for  your  aching  head, 
each  in  its  appointed  place.  I  marvel  at 
a  bath  in  bed  without  a  drop  of  water 
spilt  and  I  never  cease  to  enjoy  a  back- 
rub  from  cool,  strong  hands.  These 
things  are  your  duty,  but  they  are  mech- 
anical— anyone  can  do  them  or  be 
trained  to — that  is  not  really  what  makes 
a  good  nurse  or  otherwise. 

It  is  not  what  you  give  physically; 
hard  work  never  hurt  anyone  and  there 
is  no  physical  tiredness  that  a  good  night's 
sleep  won't  wipe  out.  It  is  what  you 
give  mentally  to  your  patient  that  makes 
you  weary  at  the  end  of  a  case  but  that 
makes  you  a  good  or  an  indifferent 
nurse.  To  anticipate  what  your  patient 
wants,  and  how  and  when  and  where 
he  wants  it — to  judge  whether  he  wants 
to  be  fussed  over  or  left  alone — whether 
he  likes  a  "Well,  how  are  you  this  morn- 
ing" or  whether  he  would  prefer  you  to 
find  out  the  state  of  his  health  from  his 


chart  and  say  nothing.  What's  one  man's 
meat  is  another's  poison  and  like  a  cha- 
meleon, you  must  change  your  colour  to 
suit  your  environment.  Body  and  mind 
are  so  closely  linked  that  when  the  body 
is  sick  the  mind  can't  be  normal.  Like  a 
psychiatrist,  you  must  unravel  the  od- 
dities that  settle  down  on  your  patient. 
The  usually  cheery  soul,  becomes  an  im- 
patient fellow  for  the  time  being,  and 
the  only  weapon  for  you,  in  defence,  is 
the  evenness  of  your  own  mind  and  a 
never-failing  sense  of  humour.  A  sense 
of  humour  is  courage  of  the  most  gallant 
type.  I  don't  mean  a  giggly  constant 
dribble  of  forced  cheerfulness.  I  mean 
a  quiet  courage  that  rises  above  an 
episode  or  situation  and  places  both  ex- 
actly where  they  belong. 

You  have  forced  upon  you  the  doubt- 
ful privilege  of  seeing  people,  not  as  the 
outside  world  sees  them,  but  as  they  real- 
ly are,  with  the  varnish  rubbed  off, 
when  vitality  is  low.  What  you  see,  and 
what  you  hear  is  a  sacred  trust  and  not 
your  property  to  pass  on,  or  to  repeat. 
That  oath  of  silence  that  you  take  should 
be  reverenced  and  cherished  above  all 
your  duties  to  your  patient.  Better,  by  far, 
to  have  a  bed  badly  made,  or  a  wrinkled 
sheet,  than  a  confidence  betrayed.  People 
ask  questions  that  are  none  of  their  con- 
cern. But  there  is  a  phrase  under  cover  of 


778 


Vol.  38,  No.  10 


A   WORD    FROM    THE   PATIENT 


779 


which,  you  can  always  take  refuge  when 
beset  by  the  curiosity  of  these  persons 
and  that  is  simply  "I  don't  know".  It 
can  be  said  with  a  multitude  of  inflec- 
tions. Simply  and  sincerely,  conveying 
honest  ignorance;  with  such  solemn 
finahty  that  it  means  "I  won't  tell  you", 
but  doesn't  sound  as  rude.  It  can  be  said 
indifferently,  to  put  an  end  to  an  un- 
wanted conversation.  Whatever  method 
you  choose  to  employ,  it  is  final ;  whereas 
giving  evasive  answers  and  half  truths 
in  an  effort  to  escape  often  leads  to  in- 
sinuations which  are  worse,  by  far,  than 
the  truth  would  have  been. 

To  perform  your  duty  to  the  patient 
properly,  you  yourself  must  keep  well 
and  fit.  Don't  go  on  duty  when  you 
are  not  —  you  will  affect  your  patient 
badly  —  a  tired  nurse  is  a  mental  hazard. 
You  must  be  sure  of  yourself.  Indecision 
has  no  place  in  your  profession.  Do  the 
things  you  decide  to  do,  boldly  and  firm- 
ly, with  as  little  fuss  as  possible.  If  you 
rub  a  back,  rub  it  —  don't  rub  it  as  if  you 
wondered  whether  you  should  or  not, 
and  I,  as  the  patient,  wonder  whether 
you  are  rubbing  it  or  not.  The  sick  want 
decisions  made  for  them,  and  you  must 
make  them  like  those  decisions.  It  is  a 
constant  challenge  to  your  resourceful- 
ness. Be  gentle,  but  firm  in  all  your  ways. 

To  pass  from  the  individual  to  the 
family,  with  which  in  the  line  of  duty 
you  may  have  to  contend  —  you  may 
have  the  wisdom  of  Solomon,  the  intel- 
lect of  Socrates,  the  patience  of  Job,  the 
placidity  of  a  purring  cat,  and  all  the 
cunning  of  Delilah  —  but  unless  you 
have  tact,  these  will  avail  you  little. 
Tactfulness  is  a  quality,  which,  while 
it  appears  to  be  a  gift  in  some,  can  be 
developed.  It  is  really  only  a  great 
thoughtfulness  of  others.  It  is  the  hall- 
mark of  a  lady  never  to  hurt  others, 
never  to  cause  others  to  "lose  face", 
even  if  it  has  to  be  at  your  own  expense. 
Armed  with  tact,  and  with  a  prayer  in 

OCTOBER.   1942 


your  heart  (you'll  need  both),  you  can 
face  the  intricate  and  disturbing  rami- 
fications of  your  duty  toward  a  whole 
family  —  shielding  your  patient  against 
household  worries,  keeping  the  children 
in  agreement,  attempting  to  keep  the 
house  as  sane  as  possible,  getting  along 
with  the  maid,  because  you  and  illness 
in  the  house  make  more  work  for  her 
and  demoralize  routine;  doing  odd  jobs 
to  ease  someone's  burden — jobs  that  are 
not  really  your  work,  according  to  the 
letter  of  the  law  —  fortifying  yourself 
always  with  the  hope  that  the  next  case 
may  be  in  the  hospital  again. 

From  the  family  unit  of  the  commu- 
nity, one  may  pass  to  the  larger  one  of 
the  organizations  and  clubs  to  which 
you  belong,  or  should  belong.  With  the 
benefit  of  your  training,  you  should  be 
ready  to  take  your  share  of  the  work, 
best  suited  to  your  talents.  Don't  fail  to 
realize  that  organizations  have  a  right 
to  benefit  by  the  ability  you  have.  If  you 
have  a  gift  or  a  talent,  the  community 
has  a  right  to  it.  Too  often,  sheer  self- 
ishness, or  plain  laziness,  or  the  no  lesser 
moral  error  of  thoughtlessness,  deprives 
a  community  of  a  brain  or  hands,  that 
should  be  at  its  disposal.  There  are  al- 
ways excuses  in  plenty  that  sound  most 
reasonable  but,  if  there  is  the  will  to  do 
something,  the  reasons  for  not  doing 
things  are  far  more  limited.  It  is  known 
that  your  time  is  uncertain,  and  your 
work  is  harder  than  in  any  other  profes- 
sion and  that  you  don't  know  when  you 
will  be  off  or  on  duty.  As  professional 
women,  I  know  of  no  profession  that 
absorbs  you  more  completely  into  itself 
to  the  exclusion  of  other  interests,  than 
yours  does  —  to  the  pitiful  exclusion  of 
community  life  and  organizations. 

Generalities  are  vague  —  to  be  more 
specific,  one  would  like  to  see  Graduate 
Nurses'  Branches  of  Women's  Hospital 
Aids.  The  hospitals,  which  these  organ- 
izations serve,  have  been  your  training- 


780 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


field,  and  are  your  Alma  Mater,  and 
they  are  your  work-shops.  How  much 
more  you  should  enter  into  their  life  and 
well-being,  than  other  women,  whose 
only  claims  on  them  are  as  prospective 
patients,  or  that  they  have  a  sincere  in- 
terest in  bringing  the  hospital  in  their 
community  up  to  a  perfection  of  service. 
One  would  like  to  see  your  interest  in 
those  who  are  now  travelling  the  road 
you  have  already  trodden  —  those  girls 
who  hope  to  be  in  the  same  profession 
as  you  are,  but  who  are  still  beset  by  the 
trials  and  tribulations  of  the  student. 

As  women  of  Canada,  one  would  like 
to  see  you  aHgn  yourselves  with  some 
national  organizations  so  that  you,  as 
individuals,  might  benefit  from  the  sti- 
mulus that  organized  effort  produces. 
Now  in  wartime,  these  organizations  can 
absorb  all  possible  workers,  if  ajid  when 
they  can  give  of  their  time.  It  is  gratify- 
ing to  know  that  you  take  your  place 
on  the  Local  Councils  of  Women,  where 
the  women  of  the  community  may  make 
their  desires  known  and,  through  the 
proper  channels,  aspire  to  reach  the  pow- 
ers that  be.  You  give  of  your  substance 
to  all  charities  nobly,  but  one  would  like 
to  see  you  give  what  money  cannot  buy 
—  inspiration  through  co-operation  and 
a  pooling  of  ideas.  There  is  an  endless 
array  of  organizations  in  community  life 
with  which  to  identify  your  profession, 
to  which  your  particular  talents  are  per- 
fectly  suited. 

Like  every  other  profession,  you  owe 
the  community  something.  One  must 
pay  for  one's  bread  and  butter  and  you 
get  your  bread  and  butter  from  the  com- 
munity   (and   sometimes   a   little   jam). 


Again,  to  be  concrete,  the  people  of  the 
community  are  the  means  of  your  mak- 
ing a  living  and  so  as  an  organization  it 
might  be  arranged  that,  if  at  all  possible, 
someone  is  available  at  all  times  should 
the  need  arise.  Barring  sickness  or  being 
on  a  case  already,  it  might  be  a  turn- 
about arrangement,  so  that  on  feast  days 
and  holidays,  your  profession  will  not  be 
called  upon  in  vain.  This  is  no  law,  but 
only  the  unwritten  code  of  your  profes- 
sion. Yours  is  a  kindly  profession  in 
which  all  men  should  be  equal.  It  is 
putting  a  great  strain  on  human  nature, 
I  know,  but  a  good  nurse  takes  the  poor 
with  the  rich,  the  hospital  and  the  home 
and  the  country  cases  just  as  they  come. 
It  is  the  ethics  of  a  great  profession  to 
go  where  one  is  needed  —  not  where 
one  would  prefer  to  go. 

As  you  owe  your  community  a  con- 
stant and  unbroken  service  without 
favoritism,  selectivity  or  unfairness,  so 
you  also  owe  it  the  very  highest  standard 
of  nursing  of  which  you  are  capable.  If 
you  are  capable  of  absorbing  post-grad- 
uate work,  you  owe  it  to  yourself  and 
your  patients,  to  avail  yourself  of  it.  Each 
one  of  you,  separately  and  individually, 
carries  the  honour  of  your  profession  and 
what  you  are,  or  say  or  do,  makes  or 
mars  that  profession  which  was  born  of 
the  heroism  of  a  gallant  woman.  I  know 
the  age  of  sentiment  has  gone — gone 
with  our  Victorian  forefathers.  We  are 
hard  and  practical  and  efficient,  but  one 
still  likes  to  think  that  each  one  of  you 
is  obsessed  by  the  same  devotion  to  duty, 
inspired  by  the  same  ideals,  and  strength- 
ened by  the  same  courage  as  that  heroic 
woman,  Florence  Nightingale. 


Vol.   38.   No.   10 


Nursing  Service,  R.CA.M.C. 


By  virtue  of  an  Order  in  Council  all 
women  members  appointed  to  the  Royal 
Canadian  Army  Medical  Corps  (Ac- 
tive), are  granted  rank  equivalent  to 
the  relative  rank  held  by  them,  and 
have  the  power  to  command  exercisable 
by  officers  of  the  rank  which  they  hold 
subject  to  such  restrictions  and  condi- 
tions as  may  from  time  to  time  be  pres- 
cribed by  the  Governor  in  Council.  In 
accordance  with  this  Order,  Major 
Elizabeth  L.  Smellie,  Matron-in-Chief 
in  Canada,  R.CA.M.C,  is  promoted  to 
be  Lieutenant-Colonel  and  a  corres- 
ponding rank  has  been  accorded  to  Miss 
Agnes  Neill,  Matron-in-Chief,  R.C.A. 
M.C  Overseas.  In  future,  other  rank- 
will  be  as  follows:  a  Principal  Matron, 
with  the  rank  of  Major;  a  Matron,  with 
the  rank  of  Captain;  a  Nursing  Sister. 
a  Dietitian  and  a  Physiotherapy  Aide 
with  the  rank  of  2nd  Lieutenant  on 
appointment  and  that  of  Lieutenant  af- 
ter six  months'  service;  a  Home  Sister, 
with  the  rank  of  2nd  Lieutenant. 

The  following  promotions  are  an- 
nounced in  the  Nursing  Service  of  the 
R.CA.M.C.  Overseas:  to  be  principal 
matron  —  Matron  Moya  Macdonald 
Matron  Catherine  T.  Lunn,  Matron 
Blanche  G.  Herman,  Matron  Nancy  B. 
Kennedy-Reid,  Matron  Mary  R.  Shaff- 
ner,  Matron  Mary  E.  Minor,  Matron 
Dorothy  May  Riches.  To  be  matron  — 
Nursing  Sister  Margaret  A.  Smith, 
Nursing  Sister  Grace  Patterson,  Nursing 
Sister  Rose  L.  King,  Nursing  Sister 
Mima  McA.  MacLaren. 

An  interesting  glimpse  of  overseas 
service  is  given  by  Ross  Munro,  Cana- 
dian Press  War  Correspondent: 

Hundreds  of  Canadian  nursing  sisters — 
the  total  is  nearly  equal  to  the  strength  of 
an  infantry  battalion — now  serve  Canadian 
army  hospitals  and  casualty  clearing  stations 


Photo  by  Notman,  Montreal 

Major  Blanche  G.  Herman 

in  England.  When  the  army  goes  to  Europe 
a  number  of  ihem  will  move  in  the  wake  of 
the  expeditionary  force.  Right  now  they  are 
doing  a  big  job,  caring  for  men  wounded  in 
action,  in  big  attack  manoeuvres  or  in  train- 
ing, looking  after  hundreds  of  soldiers  in- 
jured on  motorcycles  and  in  road  accidents 
and  tending  many  other  sick  cases.  It's 
hard  work — as  hard  as  any  nurse  does  any- 
where— and  the  army  is  high  in  its  praise  of 
these  Canadian  women  who  came  overseas 
to  serve  with  the  army  in  the  field.  "Our 
nursing  sisters  have  been  marvellous,"  Brig. 
R.  M.  Luton  of  Halifax,  Director  of  Medic- 
al Services  for  the  overseas  army,  told  me 
before  I  left  England.  "They  are  doing  a 
sujxjrb  job  and  they've  never  complained 
even  under  the  most  trying  circumstances. 
Their  work  has  been  of  the  highest  order." 
The  nurses  overseas  serve  in  hospitals 
scattered  all  over  southern  England  and  in 
one  in  the  midlands.  In  addition  to  hospi- 
tals, there  are  a  number  of  casualty  clearing 
stations  which  receive  patients  from  field 
units,   treat   them   there  or   pass   them   back 


OCTOBER,  1942 


782 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


to  base  hospitals.  There  are  about  10  nurs- 
ing sisters  at  each  C.C.S.,  some  located  in 
rambling  old  English  mansions.  The  CCS. 
nurses  are  the  ones  who  probably  would  go 
to  Europe   first  as  a  result  of  their  work 


directly  with  the  fighting  imits  in  the  field. 
They  have  trained  for  rough  going  by  mov- 
ing with  troops  on  manoeuvres  and  livmg  out 
of  mess  tins  and  haversacks  the  way  the 
soldiers  themselves  do. 


S.R.NA  Travelling  Exhibit 


R.  C.  Christilaw 


For  many  months  the  cry  of  "Canada 
needs  nurses"  has  beem  heard  from  every 
quarter  of  the  Dominion.  Each  province 
has  felt  the  strain  of  carrying  on  with 
gaps  left  in  its  ranks  by  nurses  joining 
for  service  in  Navy,  Army  and  Airforce. 
In  spite  of  the  willing  co-operation  of 
married  and  inactive  nurses,  there  is  still 
a  need  not  only  to  meet  the  present  de- 
mands but  to  prepare  for  the  future. 

At  the  silver  anniversary  of  the  found- 
ing of  the  Saskatchewan  Registered 
Nurses  Association,  it  was  unanimously 
decided  that  the  splendid  History  of 
Nursing  Exhibit  was  to  be  sent  to  the 
different  centres  of  the  Province.  It  was 
felt  that  this  exhibit  would  stimulate  in- 
terest in  nursing  and  would  appeal  to 
the  well  qualified  young  women  whom 
we  are  so  anxious  to  get  into  our  schools 
of  nursing.  Splendid  co-operation  has 
been  received  in  every  centre  in  which 
the  exhibit  has  been  displayed.  Local  pa- 
pers have  given  generous  advance  publi- 
city, and  fine  articles  have  appeared  dur- 
ing the  days  of  display.  Free  radio  an- 
nouncements have  told  the  nafure,  time 
and  place  of  the  exhibit,  and  principals  of 
high  schools  have  been  most  co-operative. 
A  register  has  been  kept  wherein  those 
viewing  the  exhibit  have  signed  their 
names,  and  graduate  and. student  nurses 
have  been  on  hand  to  interpret  the  dis- 
play and  answer  questions. 


The  exhibit  itself  was  prepared-  for 
the  most  part  by  students  in  the  schools 
of  nursing  in  Saskatchewan,  under  the 
direction  of  superintendents  and  super- 
visors, and  traces  the  development  of 
nursing  from  its  earliest  stages,  to  the 
present  day.  Large  pen  and  ink  and 
coloured  posters  depicted  the  advance- 
ment of  aseptic  surgery,  bacteriology, 
and  public  health  nursing.  Others  traced 
the  development  of  special  branches  of 
nursing,  dietetics,  newer  drugs,  and 
growth  of  hospital  service.^  One  project 
featured  a  high  school  student,  a  student 
nurse,  and  a  graduate  nurse,  and  showed 
the  different  fields  of  service  open  to  .the 
graduate  nurse.  Red  Cross  work  and  the 
war  services  were  well  presented.  One 
attractive  chart  showed  exactly  the  num- 
ber of  registered  nurses  in  each  district 
of  the  province. 

The  Canadian  Nurse  display  had  a 
fine  cover  with  autographed  pho*'o  of 
Canada's  Matron-in-Chief  and,  from 
this,  white  ribbons  led  to  little  blue  stands 
showing  different  sections  of  the  ma- 
gazine. One  large  poster  had  photo- 
graphs of  many  nursing  leaders  whom 
we  are  proud  to  remember  as  members 
of  our  own  Saskatchewan  Association. 
Saskatchewan  hospitals  were  well  writ- 
ten up  through  the  project  done  by  the 
University  of  Saskatchewan  School  of 
Nursing  students.  The  four  schools,  with 


Vol.  38,  No.  10 


AN  EXPERIMENT  IN  RECRUITING 


783 


whom  they  affihate,  were  each  repre- 
sented by  a  doll  in  the  uniform  worn  by 
that  particular  hospital  school,  and  a 
history  of  the  hospital  was  mounted  on 
the  wall  behind  each  doll. 

To  commemorate  the  Tercentenary 
of  Jeanne  Mance,  Canada's  first  lay , 
nurse,  the  History  of  the  Hotel-Dieu, 
Montreal,  was  included  in  this  display, 
and  a  beautiful  doll  represented  Jeanne 
Mance  in  the  court  dress  of  France, 
while  another  showed  the  probationer 
of  the  Hotel-Dieu  today.  These  dolls 
were  given  to  the  Saskatchewan  Reg- 
istered Nurses  Association  by  the  Reve- 
rend Mother  Allard,  and  the  Sisters  of 
the  Hotel-Dieu  in  Montreal.  They  were 
very  much  admired  for  what  they  rep- 
resent in  the  History  of  Nursing  in  Can- 
ada, and  for  the  exquisite  handiwork  in 
their     2:armen''s.    Excellent     anatomical 


drawings  and  case  histories  were  con- 
tributed and  the  Florence  Nightingale 
Pledge  and  the  chief  events  of  her  history 
were  beautifully  printed  in  Old  English 
lettering.  Many  cherished  photographs 
of  nursing  leaders  were  lent.  It  was  felt 
that  even  a  lay  person  could  view  this 
exhibit  and  go  away  with  a  feeling  of 
reverence  and  admiration  for  the  won- 
derful work  done  by  these  pioneers  in 
nursing. 

The  exhibit  was  displayed  in  suitable 
halls  lent  for  the  purpose.  These  included 
a  college  auditorium,  store  windows,  the 
mezzanine  floor  of  a  hotel,  the  audi- 
torium of  a  large  department  s'"ore,  and 
lecture  rooms  of  two  hospitals.  We  are 
very  appreciative  of  the  help  given  to  us 
and  feel  that  much  will  be  gained  in 
the  future  as  a  result  of  our  "Travelling 
Exhibit". 


An  Experiment  in  Recruiting 


Vera  Graham 


In  nursing,  as  in  other  vocations,  we 
are  faced  with  new  and  ever-changing 
problems  brought  about  by  war  condi- 
tions. So  many  opportunities  are  now 
open  to  young  women  in  business,  in- 
dustry, and  war  service  that  we  find  a 
marked  decrease  in  applicants  for  our 
schools  of  nursing.  At  a  time  when  many 
graduate  nurses  are  required  for  military 
service  at  home  and  abroad,  increasing 
demands  are  also  being  made  in  the 
field  of  industry  and  yet  we  must  con- 
tinue to  provide  adequate  nursing  ser- 
vice on  the  home  front. 

There  is  now  a  definite  shortage  of 
nurses,  especially  in  our  hospitals  and, 
as  the  need  becomes  more  acute,  indi- 
vidual experiments  in  recruiting  students 


.Tre  being  attempted.  Two  such  experi- 
ments, conducted  recently  by  schools  in 
different  parts  of  Canada,  are  presented 
here.  The  f'rst  of  these  was  under  the 
direction  of  Sister  Anna,  superintendent 
of  All  Saints  Hospital,  Springhill,  Nova 
Scotia,  and  the  second  was  directed  by 
the  author  at  the  Homoeopathic  Hospital 
of  Montreal.  Springhill  is  a  mining  town 
in  rural  Nova  Scotia  and  All  Saints  Hos- 
pital provides  all  the  hospitalization  and 
nursing  service  for  this  community.  The 
Homoeopathic  Hospital  is  a  small  hos- 
pital in  a  large  metropolis  but  both 
schools  felt  the  same  need  and  attempted 
similar  experiments. 

The  experiment  conducted  by  Sister 
Anna  was  well  planned.   Commencing 


OCTOBER,  1942 


784 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


m  the  autumn,  graduate  nurses  from 
the  hospital  staff  spoke  to  high  school 
students  on  nursing  as  a  profession  and 
distributed  the  pamphlets  provided  by 
the  Canadian  ■  Nurses  Association  and 
ent:tled  "Should  vou  wish  to  become  a 
Nurse".  The  following  month,  a  group 
of  selected  high  school  students  were 
invited  to  visit  the  hospital  and  a  pro- 
gram was  presented  during  which  sev- 
eral student  nurses  yave  papers  dealing 
with  the  relation  of  high  school  sub- 
jects to  the  curriculum  of  the  school  of 
nursing  and  also  brief  comments  about 
the  interesting  types  of  patients  met  with 
in  their  hospital  experience.  These  were 
followed  by  an  address  given  by  the  pre- 
sident of  the  Alumnae  Association  on  the 
value  of  being  a  nurse  even  though  mar- 
r'ed.  The  visitors  were  shown  through 
the  teach-no;  department  and  a  social 
hour  was  enjoyed.  The  immediate  out- 
come was  that  a  coiu'se  in  home  nurs- 
'"no;  was  given  to  the  high  school  stu- 
dents and  it  is  felt  that,  as  a  result,  a 
hvelv  interest  in  nursing  as  a  profession 
has  been  created  and  that  recruitment 
may  be  expected  from  this  source.  The 
fact  that  the  student  nurses  themselves 
took  such  an  active  part  in  the  recruit- 
ing plan  seeme'd  to  have  an  excellent 
effect.  The  effort  to  correlate  the  high 
school  curricuUim  with  that  of  the  nurs- 
ing school  was  most  commendable. 

'The  experiment  conducted  in  Mon- 
treal was  primarily  a  project  carried  on 
by  the  Alumnae  Association.  It  was 
thought  that  by  bringino-  their  attention 
to  the  need  for  qualified  applicants  and 
by  telling  them  about  the  program  of 
nursing  education  given  by  their  own 
school  they  might  be  better  prepared  to 
present  nursing'  to  young  women  and 
to  interest  them  in  the  course  offered 
by  the  Schodl.  The  Association  sug- 
gested that  an  invitation  be  extended 
to  several  high  schools,  inviting  senior 
students  to  attend  a  special  meeting  of 


the  Alumnae  Association.  The  invitation 
was  cordially  received  and  the  teach- 
ing staff  discussed  the  entrance  require- 
ments and  the  personal  qualifications 
which  are  necessary.  The  science  in- 
structor spoke  of  the  basic  sciences  and 
their  relation  to  nursing,  and  the  instruc- 
tor of  nursing  arts  correlated  her  topic 
with  the  paper  previously  presented.  A 
description  was  given  of  the  student 
health  service  and  the  health  education 
program.  The  supervisors  of  the  various 
departments  spoke  briefly  about  the  nurs- 
ing service  in  the  operating  room,  the 
out-paf'ent  department,  and  the  obstet- 
rical department.  The  affiliation  pro- 
gram was  outlined  by  two  student  nur- 
>;ps  who  had  recently  returned  after 
completing  their  affiliattion  period  at 
the  Children's  Memorial  Hospital  and 
the  Alexandra  Hospital  for  Commun- 
icable Diseases.  The  program  closed 
with  a  brief  paper  on  the  importance 
of  nursing  in  a  time  of  crisis.  The  visi- 
tors were  then  given  an  opportunity 
of  seeing  the  teaching  department  where 
they  were  shown  the  anatomical  charts 
and  health  posters,  some  of  which  were 
prepared  b\'  student  nurses.  This  ex- 
hibit demonstrated  how  closely  the  nurs- 
ing curriculum  is  related  to  that  of  the 
high  school.  The  student  nurses'  rooms 
were  open  for  inspection  and  an  inform- 
al reception  followed  in  the  living  room. 
We  felt  that  our  contact,  through  the 
Alumnae  Association,  with  these  high 
school  students  was  very  worthwhile 
and  realized  that  the  program  had  been 
prepared  with  both  groups  in  mind. 

If  nursing  is  to  retain  its  present  sta- 
tus and  we  are  to  deal  with  the  vexing 
problems  which  are  being  forced  upon 
us  because  of  the  lack  of  qualified  appli- 
cants a  definite  program  of  recruitment 
must  be  established  and  carried  on 
through  our  nursing  organizations.  We 
know  our  need  —  we  see  the  pitfalls  — 
can   we    not   supply   the    remedy? 

Vol.  38,  No.   10 


HOSPITALS   &    SCHOOLS    of  NURSING 

Contributed   by   the   Hospital   and   School  of   Nursing  Section   of  the   C.    N.   A. 

Nursing  Care  in  Plastic  Surgery  of  the 
External  Genitalia 

Helen  Levenick 


Before  discussing  some  of  the  more 
important  factors  in  the  nursing  care  fol- 
lowing operations  on  the  external  geni- 
talia let  us  briefly  review  the  purposes 
of  vaginal  plastic  surgery.  We  do  this 
because  efficient  nursing  care  depends 
upon  a  clear  understanding  of  the  work 
done  by  the  surgeon  and  the  reason  for 
such  measures.  These  operations  are  per- 
formed primarily  to  correct  abnormal 
conditions  due  to  congenital  malforma- 
tions and  those  caused  by  disease  or  by 
injury  at  child  birth.  The  most  com- 
mon ones  are: 

Vulvectomy :  the  excision  of  a  portion 
or  all  of  the  vulva  as  surgical  treatment 
of  new  growths  or  of  diseases  such  as 
leukoplakia. 

Perineorrhaphy:  the  repair  of  the  pe- 
rineum which  has  been  lacerated  or  has 
become  greatly  relaxed  as  the  result  of 
difficult  child  birth.  The  levator  ani 
muscles  are  involved  in  this  type  of  opera- 
tion. 

Anterior  colforrhafhy :  the  repair  of 
the  anterior  wall  of  the  vagina  to  correct 
a  hernia  of  the  bladder  through  the  an- 
terior wall. 

Posterior  colforrhafhy '.  the  repair  of 
the  posterior  vaginal  wall  to   correct  a 


hernia  of  the  rectum  through  the  pos- 
terior wall. 

Operations  ofi  the  cervix :  usually  done 
where  there  are  lacerations,  erosions  or 
tumours.  They  include  trachelorrhaphy 
or  any  type  of  repair  of  the  cervix;  cau- 
terization of  the  cervix;  the  complete 
removal  of  the  cervix  by  amputation. 

Various  plastic  measures  are  used  to 
correct  congenital  conditions,  the  most 
common  one  being  imperforated  hymen. 
Two  congenital  conditions  quite  recently 
seen  in  the  gynecological  department  of 
the  Vancouver  General  Hospital  belong 
in  this  group.  The  first  case  was  that 
of  a  young  woman,  18  years  of  age,  in 
whom  there  was  an  absence  of  the 
vaginal  canal.  A  graft  tube  was  taken 
from  the  inner  thigh,  made  into  a  canal, 
and  successfully  transplanted  between 
the  bladder  and  the  rectum;  upon  com- 
plete healing  it  had  the  appearance  of  a 
normal  vagina.  A  young  woman,  25 
years  of  age,  had  not  menstruated  al- 
though she  had  had  monthly  manifesta- 
tions of  the  normal  period.  After  explo- 
ratory examinations,  a  congenital  band 
was  removed  from  the  internal  os  of  the 
uterus.  The  normal  menstrual  period 
and    flow    established    itself    five    weeks 


CX:T0BER,  1942 


785 


786 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


after  surgery.  The  ultimate  success  of 
these  operations  depends  largely  on  the 
nursing  care,  in  which  cleanliness,  pre- 
vention of  strain  on  suture  area,  and  the 
co-operation  of  the  patient  are  very  im- 
portant. 

Actual  nursing  care  might  be  sum- 
marized as  follows:  the  pulse,  respiration 
and  colour  should  be  carefully  noted. 
The  site  of  operation  should  be  observed 
in  relation  to:  condition  of  dressing; 
drainage  (serous,  sanguine,  profuse, 
scant,  etc.);  the  condition  of  packing  if 
visible,  its  position  and  colour;  the  po- 
sition of  the  catheter  if  an  indwelling 
catheter  is  used  and  is  attached  to  a 
bottle.  The  patient's  knees  should  be 
flexed  by  using  a  pillow  or  a  gatch  bed, 
thereby  relaxing  the  abdominal  and  the 
pelvic  muscles.  An  air  cushion  or  pad 
should  be  placed  under  the  buttocks,  thus 
preventing  strain  on  the  low  suture  area, . 
particularly  during  the  immediate  post- 
operative period. 

Routine  post-operative  care  includes 
carrying  out  the  doctor's  orders  as  to 
position,  which  is  usually  low  Fowler's  to 
ensure  drainage  and  to  prevent  chest 
complications;  relief  of  pain  by  use  of 
narcotics,  usually  morphine  sulphate; 
later,  sedatives  by  mouth  may  be  ordered 
as  it  is  important  not  only  to  keep  these 
patients  free  from  pain,  but  also  to  main- 
tain mental  and  muscular  relaxation. 
Cat'heterization  may  be  necessary  every 
six  to  eight  hours;  if,  however,  a  patient 
is  allowed  or  able  to  void,  she  must  be 
encouraged  to  empty  the  bladder  regu- 
larly, not  allowing  it  to  become  distended 
and  thereby  causing  pressure  on  the  su- 
tures. The  careful  recording  of  the 
amount  voided,  and  of  the  time  of  each 
voiding,  is  most  important,  as  retention 
or  retention  with  overflow  can  easily 
become  a  complication. 

Fluids  in  abundance  may  be  given  if 
they  can  be  tolerated.  A  soft,  low  residue 
diet  is  indicated  until  the   bowels  have 


moved;  then,  a  gradual  return  to  the 
general  well  balanced  diet.  Enemata  and 
aperients  usually  are  not  given  until 
three  or  four  days  after  operation  in 
order  to  avoid  strain  and  contamination. 
One  of  the  most  common  procedures  for 
the  first  evacuation  is  the  injection  of 
four  ounces  of  salad  oil  rectally  followed 
in  two  hours  by  a  small  soapsuds  enema. 
This  is  particularly  easy  for  the  patient 
if  extensive  surgery  has  been  done  and 
the  enema  has  been  withheld  for  a  longer 
period. 

The  routine  perineal  care  consists  of 
washing  the  external  genital  region  with 
a  weak  solution  of  green  soap,  or  with 
sterile  water,  after  each  defecation  or 
urination  using  absorbent  sponges  and 
forceps  technique.  Great  care  is  necessary 
in  directing  the  sponges  from  the  top  of 
the  wound  area  down  towards  the  anus 
and  preventing  the  solution  being  har- 
boured in  the  vagina;  to  avoid  this  we 
purposely  do  not  douche  the  area.  Care- 
ful drying  and  application  of  a  sterile 
dressing  conclude  the  treatement.  There 
is  marked  variation  in  the  opinion  of  sur- 
geons as  to  the  value  of  antiseptics  used 
over  perineal  sutures.  Infra-red  treat- 
ments to  the  suture  area  for  a  period 
of  ten  to  twenty  minutes  two  or  three 
times  daily,  until  healing  is  well  estab- 
lished, will  aid  in  keeping  the  area  dry 
and  give  physical  comfort  to  the  patient. 
The  whole  purpose  in  the  care  of  the 
wound  is  to  maintain  cleanliness  (asepsis 
as  far  as  possible)  and  to  keep  the  area 
dry,  thereby  encouraging  healing. 

General  physical  care  is  the  same  as 
for  any  post-operative  case.  It  is  necessary 
that  nurses  have  time  for  observation 
and  careful  recording  of  progress.  The 
immediate  reporting  of  bladder  discom- 
fort or  any  change  in  the  condition  of 
the  suture  area  is  of  great  importance  so 
that  special  orders  may  be  carried  out 
preveftting  more  serious  complications. 

The  psychological  factors  in  the  nurs- 

Vol.  38,  No.  10 


NEW    OFFICERS  OF    THE    C.  N.  A. 


787 


ing  care  must  not  be  overlooked.  Expla- 
natory remarks  should  be  made  to  the 
patient  herself  regarding  treatment,  diet, 
general  routine  care,  the  importance  of 
forcing  fluids,  and  the  reasons  for  pain 
and  discomfort.  She  should  be  prepared 
for  each  new  step  as  her  co-operaHve  at- 
titude is  an  important  factor  in  her  re- 
covery. The  nurse  should  make  an  op- 
portunity for  the  patient  to  discuss  pri- 
vately with  her  doctor  the  results  of  her 
operation,  especially  those  phases  which 
may  alter  her  future  mode  of  life  from 
the  standpoint  of  both  domestic  and  gen- 


eral conduct.  Frequently  a  woman  is 
unable  to  summon  sufficient  courage  to 
start  this  conversation  and  the  nurse  may 
be  able  to  save  much  unnecessary  wor- 
ry by  tactfully  paving  the  way.  No  pa- 
tient should  leave  the  hospital  without 
receiving  definite  health  instruction.  (In 
case  of  perineal  sutures  the  use  of  toilet 
paper  is  contra-indicated.)  This  teaching 
should  begin  in  the  early  post-operative 
period  and  be  so  definite  a  part  of  the 
every  day  routine  that  the  patient  will 
be  able  to  complete  her  convalescence 
at  home  without  fear  or  apprehension. 


New  Officers  of  the  CN.A. 


At  the  close  of  the  recent  general 
meeting  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Associa- 
tion the  officers  who  are  to  serve  during 
the  next  two  years  were  called  to  the 
platform.  All  of  them  are  women  who 
have  already  attained  positions  of  pro- 
minence in  the  nursing  world  and  a 
brief  comment  concerning  each  of  them 
will  surely  be  of  interest.  Since  a  bio- 
graphical outline  of  the  president,  Ma- 
rion Lindeburgh,  appeared  in  the  August 
issue  of  the  Journal,  we  begin  with  the 
first  vice-president.  Marjorie  Buck, 
B.A.,  is  the  superintendant  of  fhe  Nor- 
folk General  Hospital,  Simcoe,  Ontario, 
a  fifty-bed  general  hospital  with  a  grad- 
uate nurse  staff.  In  addition  to  her  regu- 
lar duties.  Miss  Buck  is  also  acting  as 
nursing  adviser  to  the  Registered  Nur- 
ses Association  of  Ontario,  an  organiza- 
tion which  she  has  already  served  with 
conspicuous  success  in  the  capacity  of 
president.  The  second  vice-president  is 
Fanny  Munroe,  R.R.C.,  who,  since 
1938,  has  been  superintendent  of  nurses 
and  head  of  the  School  of  Nursing  of 
the  Royal  Victoria  Hospital  in  Mon- 
treal. Miss  Munroe  has  had  a  wide  ex- 

OCTOBBR,  1942 


perience  in  conducting  the  affairs  of 
nursing  organizations  and  made  an  ex- 
ceptionally fine  contribution  during  her 
term  of  office  as  president  of  the  Alberta 
Association  of  Registered  Nurses.  The 
new  honourary  secretary  is  Rae  Chit- 
tick,  B.Sc,  instructor  in  health  educa- 
tion in  the  Provincial  Normal  School 
in  Calgary,  Alberta.  Miss  Chittick  is 
the  very  energetic  and  able  president  of 
the  Alberta  Association  of  Registered 
Nurses  and  is  regarded  as  an  authority 
on  health  teaching.  The  new  honourary 
treasurer  is  Marjorie  Jenkins,  superin- 
tendent of  the  Children's  Hospital  in 
Halifax.  Miss  Jenkins  is  a  graduate  of 
the  School  of  Nursing  of  the  Hospital 
for  Sick  Children  and  of  the  McGill 
School  for  Graduate  Nurses.  In  addi- 
tion to  directing  a  busy  hospital,  she  is 
the  very  com^petent  president  of  the 
Registered  Nurses  Association  of  Nova 
Scotia  ajid  is  also  serving  as  emergency 
nursing  adviser  for  that  province.  Chief 
among  her  many  interests  is  music,  and 
she  is  a  member  of  the  Halifax  Conser- 
vatory of  Music  Choir.  She  has  held 
office  in  the  Soroptimist  Club  and  is  a 


788 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


member  of  the  women's  study  group  of 
the  League  of  Nations  Society. 

The  chairman  of  the  Hospital  and 
School  of  Nursing  Section  is  Miriam 
Gibson,  instructor  of  nurses  in  the 
School  of  Nursing  of  the  Hospital  for 
Sick  Children,  Toronto.  Miss  Gibson 
has  taken  the  course  in  teaching  offered 
by  the  McGill  University  School  for 
Graduate  Nurses  and  in  1939  made  an 
observa'-ion  tour  of  several  schools  of 
nursing  in  the  United  States.  After  serv- 
ing as  convener  of  the  Provincial  On- 
tario Committee  on  Instruction  she 
became  convener  of  the  National  Com- 
mittee in  1941.  The  new  chairman  of 
the  Public  Health  Section  is  Lyle  Creel- 
man,  direc<"or  of  public  health  nursing 
for  the  Metropolitan  Health  Commit- 
tee of  Greater  Vancouver.  Miss  Creel- 


man  took  the  combined  course  in  nurs- 
ing, offered  by  the  University  of  Bri- 
tish Columbia  and  the  school  of  Nurs- 
ing of  the  Vancouver  General  Hospital, 
leading  to  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of 
Applied  Science  (Nursing).  For  the 
past  two  years  Miss  Creelman  has  been 
responsible  for  the  direction  of  the  Pub- 
lic Health  Nursing  Page  in  the  Journal 
and  deserves  much  of  the  credit  for  its 
success.  Madalene  Baker  had  -already 
established  such  a  fine  record  as  chair- 
man of  the  General  Nursing  Section  that 
her  re-election  was  a  great  satisfaction 
to  all  concerned.  Miss  Baker  is  a  grad- 
ua<"e  of  the  School  of  Nursing  of  St. 
Joseph's  Hospital,  London,  Ontario. 
She  is  doing  valuable  work  as  registry 
organizer  for  the  Registered  Nurses  As- 
sociation of  Ontario. 


Victorian  Order  of  Nurses  for  Canada 


The  following  are  the  staff  appointments 
to,  transfers,  and  resignations  from  the  Vic- 
torian Order  of  Nurses  for  Canada : 

Miss  Catherine  Ross  and  Miss  Hester 
Lusted,  both  graduates  of  the  Regina  General 
Hospital  and  of  the  public  health  nursing 
course,  McGill  School  for  Graduate  Nurses, 
have  been  appointed  to  the  Winnipeg  staff. 

Miss  Frances  Winchester,  a  graduate  of 
the  Massachusetts  Memorial  Hospital,  Bos- 
ton, and  of  the  public  health  nursing  course, 
McGill  School  for  Graduate  Nurses,  has  been 
appointed  to  the  Montreal  staff. 

Miss  Mary  Dampier,  a  graduate  of  the 
Royal  Victoria  Hospital,  Montreal,  and  of 
the  public  health  nursing  course.  Institute 
of  Public  Health,  London,  has  been  appointed 
to  the  Montreal  staff. 

Miss  Opal  Shaw,  who  resigned  from  the 
Order  in  December  1940,  and  who  for  the 
past  year  has  been  instructress  of  nurses  at 
St.  Mary's  Hospital,  Timmins,  has  been  ap- 
pointed to  the  York  Township  staff. 

Miss  Mary  Plishka  has  been  transferred 
from  the  staff  of  the  Oshawa  Branch  to 
the  staff  of  the  Winnipeg  Branch. 


Miss  Muriel  Hunter  has  resigned  from  the 
Moncton  Branch  to  take  the  position  of  chief 
public  health  nurse  in  New  Brunswick. 

Miss  Edith  Railton  has  resigned  from  the 
Sudbury  Branch  to  do  public  health  work. 

Miss  Verna  Huffman  has  resigned  from 
the  York  Township  Branch  to  take  a  posi- 
tion with  the  Kiwanis  Club. 

Miss  Elaine  Lefehvre  has  resigned  from 
the  Lachine  Branch  to  be  married. 

Miss  Bessie  Jackson  has  resigned  from  the 
Montreal  Branch  to  take  a  position  with  the 
Ottawa  Civic  Hospital. 

Miss  Ethel  Gordon  has  resigned  from  the 
Woodstock  Branch  to  become  school  nurse  in 
Belleville. 

Miss  Dorothy  Campbell  has  resigned  from 
the  Bridgewater  Branch  to  be  married  and 
is  at  present  on  leave  of  absence  from  the 
Order. 

Miss  Isabel  Mustard  has  resigned  from  the 
Toronto  Branch  to  take  a  position  with  the 
Junior  Red  Cross  in  Ontario. 

Miss  Jane  Saunders  has  resigned  from  the 
Winnipeg  Branch  to  join  her  family  in  Van- 
couver. 


Vol.  38,  No.  10 


Notes  From  the  National  Office 

Contributed  by  JEAN   S.   WILSON, 
Executive  Secretary,  The  Canadian  Nurses  Association 


Married  Nurses  and  Income  Tax 

On  request,  the  Canadian  Nurses  As- 
sociation received  from  the  Income  Tax 
Division  of  the  Department  of  National 
Revenue  a  statement  regarding  the  sta- 
tus for  income  tax  purposes  of  a  married 
man  whose  wife  resumes  the  practice  of 
nursing  on  a  remunerative  basis  in  order 
to  serve  in  the  present  emergency.  It  is 
hoped  that  the  statement  which  is  pub- 
hshed  below  as  received  from  the  Com- 
missioner of  Income  Tax  will  clarify 
this  important  point  in  the  minds  of  some 
members  of  the  Association: 

Some  married  nurses  may,  as  yet,  be  un- 
aware that  the  Income  War  Tax  Act,  as  re- 
cently amended,  contains  provisions  to  en- 
sure that  a  husband  shall  not  lose  any  of  his 
statutory  rights  because  his  wife  engages  in 
remunerative  employment.  These  provisions 
read  in  part  as  follows :  With  reference  to 
Normal  Tax:  If,  during  any  taxation  year, 
a  husband  and  his  wife  each  had  a  separate 
income  in  excess  of  $660,  each  shall  be 
taxed  under  Rule  Three  of  this  section,  pro- 
vided, hozvez'er,  that  a  husband  shall  not  lose 
his  right  to  be  taxed  under  Rule  One  of  this 
section  by  reason  of  hns  xvife  being  employed 
and  receiving  any  earned  income. 

With  reference  to  Graduated  Tax:  If, 
during  any  taxation  year,  a  husband  and  his 
wife  each  had  a  separate  income  in  excess 
of  $660  before  making  the  .deduction  for 
which  provision  is  made  in  Rule  One  of  this 
section,  neither  of  them  shall  be  entitled  to 
the  deduction  from  graduated  tax  for  which 
provision  is  made  in  Rule  Three  of  this 
section,  provided,  however,  that  nothzvith- 
standing  the  foregoing  a  husband  shall  not 

OCTOBER,  1942 


lose  his  right  to  the  deduction  provided  in 
Rule  Three  of  this  section  by  reason  of  his 
wife  being  employed  and  receiving  any  earn- 
ed income  but  his  wife  shall  for  the  purpose 
of  this  section  be  treated  as  an  unmarried 
person. 

This  means  that  no  matter  how  much 
money  a  married  woman  may  earn  by  reason 
of  being  employed,  her  husband  will  still  be 
taxed  as  a  married  person  (i.e.  he  will  pay 
Normal  Tax  at  the  minimum  7%  rate  and 
will  be  entitled  to  deduct  $150  from  the 
amount  of  his  Graduated  Tax).  It  is  only 
when  a  married  woman  has  income,  other 
than  earnings  from  employment,  of  more 
than  $660  for  the  year  that  her  husband's 
rights  are  affected. 

Thus  there  is  nothing  in  the  1942  In- 
come Tax  provisions  that  should  cause  any 
hesitation  on  the  part  of  married  nurses  to 
resume  whole  or  part-time  practice  on  a 
remunerative  basis. 


University  Schools   of  Nursing 
Organize 

Late  in  September  1941,  the  Cana- 
dian Nurses  Association  invited  represen- 
tatives of  the  University  Schools  and 
Departments  of  Nursing  to  meet  with 
the  Executive  Committee  for  a  discus- 
sion of  problems  relating  to  nursing 
service  and  nursing  education.  Accept- 
ance of  the  invitation  provided  the  first 
occasion  for  representatives  of  the  Uni- 
versity Schools  and  Departments  of 
Nursing  in  Canada  to  meet  together. 
That  first  meeting  resulted  in  a  decision 
to  recommend  to  the  Canadian  Nurses 
Association  (in  General  Meeting,  1942) 

789 


790 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


that  the  University  group  become  a 
Committee  of  the  National  Organiza- 
tion. However  during  intervening 
months,  plans  were  made  for  a  meet- 
ing of  representatives  of  University 
Schools  of  Nursing  to  be  held  in  Mon- 
treal while  the  C.N. A.  General  Meet- 
ing was  in  session. 

On  June  29,  1942,  the  Executive 
Committee,  C.N. A.  was  notified  that 
the  University  representatives  wished  to 
organize  provisionally  as  a  separate 
group  rather  than  as  a  Committee  of 
the  C.N. A.  This  decision  was  endorsed 
unanimously  by  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee. The  officers  of  the  Provisional 
Council  of  University  Schools  and  De- 
partments of  Nursing  are:  president, 
Miss  K.  W.  Ellis;  vice-president.  Rev. 
Mother  Allaire;  secretary.  Miss  Mary 
S.  Mathewson.  The  president  of  the 
Provisional  Council  becomes  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  Nursing  Educa- 
tion of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Associa- 
tion, and  the  convener  of  the  Commit- 
tee on  Nursing  Education  has  been  ap- 
pointed a  member  of  the  Executive  of 
the   Provisional  Council. 


Reciprocal  Registration 

Each  of  the  nine  provincial  Acts  of 
Registration  for  Nurses  in  Canada  pro- 
vides by  reciprocal  arrangements  for  the 
registration  of  nurses  from  the  other 
provinces  and  from  states  or  countries 
which  have  similar  requirements.  With- 
in recent  years,  the  majority  of  the 
provinces  of  this  Dominion  have  made 
definite  arrangements  for  reciprocal 
registration  with  several  of  the  General 
Nursing  Councils  within  the  British 
Commonwealth  of  Nations.  These  Gen- 
eral Nursing  Councils  administer  the 
Act  of  Registration  for  Nurses  for  their 
respective  countries. 

For  the  information   of  members  of 


the  Canadian  Nurses  Association  the 
following  announcement  is  made  in  res- 
pect to  General  Nursing  Councils  and 
the  Provinces  of  the  Dominion  of  Can- 
ada, between  which  reciprocal  arrange- 
ments have  been  completed: 

The  General  Nursing  Council  for  England 
and  Wales,  with  Provinces  of  Alberta,  Bri- 
tish Columbia,  Manitoba,  Ontario,  Quebec 
and  Saskatchewan. 

The  General  Nursing  Council  for  Scot- 
land with  the  Provinces  of  Alberta,  British 
Columbia,    Manitoba   and    Ontario. 

The  General  Nursing  Council  for  the  Irish 
Free  State  (Eire)  with  the  Province  of 
British  Columbia. 

The  General  Nursing  Council  for  Southern 
Rhodesia  with  the  Province  of  British  Co- 
lumbia. 


A  Message  From  Australia 

In  the  July  issue  of  the  Journal,  P^g^ 
475,  there  was  published  an  interchange 
of  messages  between  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association  and  the  Austra- 
lasian Trained  Nurses  Association.  In 
confirmation  to  the  latter's  cablegram, 
the  following  letter  reached  National 
Office  on  September  15: 

Thank  you  for  your  cable  of  the  13th 
May  last  which  came  duly  to  hand — what 
a  generous  gesture !  But  that  is  typical  of 
the  Canadians — our  nurses  speak  in  the 
highest  terms  of  the  hospitality  and  kind- 
ness offered  to  them  whilst  in  Canada,  and 
now  you  extend  your  goodwill  to  them  in 
Australia.  We  do  appreciate  it.  Copies  of 
your  cable  were  sent  to  the  Principal 
Matrons  of  the  respective  Commands,  to 
the  Branch  Secretaries  of  this  Association, 
and  to  Captain  Clement  of  the  American 
Army  Nurse  Corps  in  Australia  and  all, 
whilst  deeply  touched  by  the  thought  fulness 
of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association,  rejoice 
that  there  is  at  present  no  need  for  us 
to  avail  ourselves  of  your  generosity.  We 
will,  of  course,  communicate  with  you  should 
the  occasion  arise  but  sincerely  hope  that 
it  may  not  be  necessary  to  do  so. 


Vol.  38,  No.  10 


NATIONAL    OFFICE 


791 


The  message  by  cable  on  May  13, 
1942,  read:  "Our  thoughts  are  with 
you.  Wish  to  learn  any  British  or  Al- 
lied nurses  in  Australia  in  need  of 
financial  aid.  Reply  collect."  The  re- 
ply received  was:  "Deeply  appreciate 
generous  offer,  inquiries  reveal  not  re- 
quired at  present.  Will  advise  if  oc- 
casion arises." 


British  Nurses  Relief  Fund 

Contributions   to   the    British    Nurses 
Relief  Fund  have  been  received  from: 

British  Columbia: 

Individual   donations    $  13.00 

Kamloops  Graduate  Nurses  Associa- 
tion        60.00 

Ladysmith   Chapter    , 20.00 

Science  Girls'  Club,  University  of  B.C.   174.66 

Victoria  Chapter  165.00 

A.A.,  Vancouver   General   Hospital . .  553.89 
Nursing    Sisters,    Nanaimo    Military 
Hospital    10.00 

Nova  Scotia: 

Halifax   Branch    11.75 

Pictou  Co.    Branch    , 3.00 

Valley  Branch  16.75 

Colchester   Co.    Branch    15.00 

Lunenburg   Co.   Branch 5.00 


Ontario : 
Districts  2  and  3 : 

Ayr   nurses    13.00 

Staff,  Gait  Hospital   5.00 

Individual  contributions    6.00 

District  4: 

A. A.,  Hamilton  General  Hospital   . . .     40.00 

Welland  Nurses  Alumnae   10.00 

Nurses  of   St.   Catharines    46.50 

Staff,   Mountain  Sanatorium,   Hamil- 
ton         20.25 

District  5 : 

A.A.,  Riverdale  Hospital  124.50 

A. A.,     Soldiers     Memorial     Hospital, 

^Orillia     8.25 

A.A.,  Toronto  Western  Hospital   ...   100.00 
Preliminary  students,  Toronto  West- 
ern  Hospital    10.00 

Student   Nurses,   Toronto   East   Gen- 
eral   Hospital    40.00 

Nursing  Sisters,  Chorley  Park  Mili- 
tary   Hospital    48.00 

Nursing  Sisters,  Camp  Borden  Mili- 
tary  Hospital    54.00 

Nursing    Sisters,    Toronto    Convales- 
cent Hospital  10.00 

Staff     nurses,     Toronto     Hospital, 

Weston     20.00 

Individual    contribution    3.00 

District  9: 

Staff,  Lady  Minto  Hospital,  Cochrane      3.00 

Kirkland  Lake  nurses   5.75 

Individual  contributions   12.00 


The  Publicity  Campaign 


Surely  this  is  a  new  departure,  for 
have  not  most  nurses  been  prone  to  hide 
their  lights  under  bushels  and  to  shun 
newspaper  reporters  as  potential  sources 
of  danger  better  avoided  than  explored? 
Now  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association 
has  gone  out  to  seek  publicity  through 
the  press,  radio,  and  even  the  movies. 
Could  some  of  our  more  discreet  pre- 
decessors have  believed  it — and  yet  so 
it  is. 


At  the  Biennial  Meeting  of  the  Cana- 
dian Nurses  Association,  the  newly- 
elected  president.  Miss  Marion  Linde- 
burgh,  stated  that  a  Publicity  Counsel 
had  been  appointed  for  at  least  six 
months  to  initiate  a  pubHcity  programme. 
A  memorandum  from  the  Counsel  to 
the  provincial  Advisers  includes  the 
following  statements:  "A  publicity  pro- 
gramme can  be  adopted  providing  its 
limitations,  in  the  light  of  existing  con- 


OCTOBER,  1942 


792 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


ditions,  are  recognized  at  the  outset.  A 
publicity  programme  can  be  an  educative 
force,  but  this  force  will  lose  some  of 
its  value  unless  the  programme  is 
keyed  with  a  decentralized  plan  of  ap- 
proach designed  to  bolster  the  publicity" 
iA  other  words  unless  each  province 
participates  wholeheartedly.  "First  of 
all,  and  before  considering  the  adop- 
tion of  even  a  limited  pubHcity  pro- 
gramme, it  would  seem  a  prerequisite 
to  create,  in  each  province,  a  committee 
of  leading  men  and  women,  which 
will  uncover  facts  of  interest  to  the 
public  and  which  will  be  of  considerable 
help  to  any  publicity  firm  which  under- 
takes this  work.  There  are  many  angles 
to  this  whole  question.  There  is,  for 
instance,  the  possibility  of  approach  to 
provincial  and  federal  governments  for 
varied  aid,  including  financial  grants  to 
help  meet  the  expenses  of  a  much  broad- 
er programme.  There  is  the  possibility 
of  interesting  members  of  parliament  in 
all  the  legislatures  to  act  as  liaison  officers 
with  the  members  of  the  cabinets,  both 
provincial  and  federal.  There  is  the 
factor  of  Haison  work  with  and  through 
the  Canadian  Medical  Association,  the 
provincial  medical  officers,  community 
and  industrial  organizations.  There 
is  the  question  of  issuing  pamphlets  about 
the  profession  at  regular  intervals  for 
mailing  and  distribution  to  young  women 
who  are  of  the  desirable  type".  So  with 
these  plans  in  mind  the  publicity  cam- 
paign has  been  launched. 

Two  news  stories  have  already  been 
sent  out  across  Canada  preceded  by  a 
letter  from  the  president  of  the  Cana- 
dian Nurses  Association  to  the  editors 
of  all  daily  and  weekly  papers.  To  un- 
derstand the  distances  that  these  mes- 
sages have  travelled,  and  the  areas  that 
have  been  penetrated,  it  would  be  nec- 
essary to  be  at  the  receiving  end  and  to 
review  the  clippings  as  they  come  in 
from    Halifax   to   Vancouver,  including 


many  outlying  areas  throughout  the 
Dominion.  Already  some,  suggested 
material  for  radio  publicity  has  gone 
out  to  the  advisers  in  each  province.  A 
number  of  talks  have  been  given  over 
local  stations.  Through  the  courtesy 
of  Dr.  Heagerty,  National  Director  of 
Public  Health  Services,  the  story  of 
nursing  service  and  its  many  implica- 
tions is  going  to  be  made  known  in  radio 
"spots".  Listen  for  these  "spots"  in 
"the  news"  throughout  October,  and 
send  suggestions  for  others  to  the  Emer- 
gency Nursing  Adviser.  Some  "spots" 
are  soon  wiped  out,  but  we  want  to  use 
those  that  will  leave  their  mark.  It 
must  be  remembered  that  the  publicity 
campaign  is  a  co-operative  effort. 

Your  attention  is  also  directed  to  the 
newsreel.  Later  on  we  may  see  "Sol- 
diers in  White"  on  parade  Their  ap- 
pearance will  be  brief,  but  they  re- 
present many  hours  of  work,  and  support 
from  some  of  the  leading  hospitals  which 
made  their  production  possible,  and  for 
which  we  are  very  grateful.  Already 
the  Canadian  Broadcasting  Corporation 
has  devoted  two  programmes  to  nursing. 
In  both  of  these  the  past  president  of 
the  Canadian  Nurses  Association,  Miss 
G.  M.  Fairley,  was  heard,  and  we  have 
evidence  that  her  direct  and  euphonious 
message  has  reached  many  homes.  To 
the  younger  generation  especially,  "No 
Prouder  Pledge"  made  an  appeal.  So, 
in  a  few  words,  we  have  tried  to  give 
a  picture  of  the  initial  developments  in 
connection  with  the  publicity  campaign 
— this  educative  force  the  use  of  which 
nurses  have  too  long  neglected.  Now, 
with  some  reluctance,  we  are  attempting 
to  use  this  instrument  discreetly  and 
well. 

So  much  for  the  cart,  what  about  the 
horse  and  driver?  The  success  of  the 
campaign  is  not  only  going  to  depend 
on  the  continuous  support  so  necessary 
to  it,  but  it  demands  the  intelligent  un- 

Vol.  38,  No.  10 


THE   PUBLICITY   CAMPAIGN 


793 


derstanding  of  individual  members  of 
the  objectives  sought.  For  professional 
publicity  we  can  turn  to  the  Journaly 
but  more  than  this  is  demanded  of  us  at 
this  time.  As  members  of  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association,  nurses  must  be  read)- 
interpreters  of  publicity  programmes 
especially  designed  to  reach  lay  people. 
Generally  speaking,  we  wish  to  enlist  the 
understanding  and  support  of  people  in 
the  nursing  profession  and  that  for  which 
it  stands  in  its  broadest  interpretation; 
we  wish  to  interest  more  of  the  most  de- 
sirable type  of  young  women  in  nursing, 
as  a  war  service  with  a  future.  Last,  but 
by  no  means  the  least  important  of  our 
objectives  is  to  keep  our  own  members 
informed,  assuming  that  we  may  be  as- 
sured of  their  interest  in  problems  that 
are  vital  to  everj-  nurse  and  to  every 
citizen. 

In  turning  the  flashlight  of  publicity 
on   the   nursing  profession,   we   are   ac- 


cepting a  new  challenge.  We  are 
offering  an  incentive  for  questions  to  be 
asked  that  must  now  be  answered.  Some 
of  these  questions  we  have  asked  our- 
selves but  we  are  bound  to  admit  that 
satisfactory  replies  to  all  of  them  have 
not  yet  been  made.  Now,  as  a  profes- 
sion We  must  bring  them  to  light  or  they 
will  be  aired  for  us.  Standards  we 
have  fought  for  must  still  be  protected; 
service  we  have  stood  for  must  still  be 
given,  more  especially  in  these  very  dif- 
ficult days.  Hospitals  are  calling  for 
help,  sick  people  are  needing  care,  and 
well  people  are  groping  for  guidance 
in  hours  of  great  stress.  In  publicizing 
nursing  we  are  publicizing  a  very  sf>e- 
cial  service  that  everv  nurse  mut  be 
prepared   to   give. 

Kathleen   W.  Ellis 
Emergency   Nursing  Adviser 
Canadian   Nurses   Associa.non 


Supervision  in  Public  Health  Nursing 


At  the  request  of  the  Registered  Xurses 
Association  of  British  Columbia  to  the  De- 
partment of  Nursing  of  the  University  of 
British  Columbia,  a  very  profitable  two- 
weeks  refresher  course  in  supervision  in 
public  health  nursing  was  given  at  the  Uni- 
versity from  July  27  to  August  7,  1942.  Most 
of  the  lectures  were  given  by  Miss  Kath- 
leen Leahy.  Public  Health  Field  Work 
Supervisor.  University  of  Washington,  who 
brought  to  the  group  an  inspiring  philosophy 
of  supervision  as  well  as  many  practical  tools 
which  enable  the  supervisor  to  make  her 
function  one  of  leadership.  Dr.  Ewing,  lec- 
turer at  the  Vancouver  Normal  School,  made 
supervision  a  vital  process  through  which 
professional  growth  is  developed.  Dr.  Rus- 
sell, of  the  Department  of  Education  of  the 


University  of  British  Columbia,  told  us  of 
the  teaching  functions  in  supervision  as  ex- 
perienced by  one  in  the  educational  field. 
The  concluding  lecture  was  given  by  Miss 
Marjorie  Bradford,  director,  Vancouver 
Council  of   Social   Agencies. 

In  order  that  some  really  intensive  work 
might  be  accomplished,  it  was  decided  to 
limit  the  attendance  to  fifty,  and  that  those 
eligible  would  be  public  health  nurses  al- 
ready engaged  in  supervisory  positions  and 
certain  others  selected  by  the  directors  of 
public  health  nursing  agencies  as  potential 
supervisors  or  for  those  for  whom  it  was 
considered  the  course  would  have  de- 
finite benefit.  The  dates  were  set  to  enable 
those  who  attended  to  do  so  by  giving  one 
week  of  their  holiday  time  while  the  agen- 


OCTOBER,   1942 


794.  : 


I'HE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


cies  concerned  released  the  nurses  for  the 
other  week.  The  course  was  originally 
planned  for  public  health  nurses  only  but  so 
many  social  workers  expressed  such  keen 
interest  that  it  was  felt  there  would  be  suffi- 
cient value  for  them  to  attend  also.  This 
did  not  alter  the  program  which  still  re- 
mained one  essentially  for  public  health  nur- 
ses. In  this  it  demonstrated  that  the  prin- 
ciples, and  indeed  most  of  the  tools,  of 
supervision  are  the  same  for  public  health 
as  for  social  work. 

There  are  certain  features  which  helped 
to  make  the  course  both  enjoyable  and  pro- 
fitable. The  fact  that  the  numbers  were 
limited  gave  opportunity  for  free  discussion 
and  active   participation    further   made   po.s- 


sible  by  the  formation  of  discussion  groups, 
of  which  there  were  four.  Relevant  topics 
were  assigned  in  advance  so  that  reference 
reading  might  be  done  before  the  group  met. 
The  group  leader,  which  changed  each  day 
so  that  as  many  as  possible  shared  the  ex- 
perience of  leading  discussion,  was  respon- 
sible for  presenting  the  report  to  the  as- 
sembled groups.  Another  important  fea- 
ture for  a  summer-time  course  was  that  it 
was  not  too  crowded,  some  time  being  al- 
lowed for  relaxation  and  informal  discus- 
sion. For  the  small  fee  of  $5  invaluable  re- 
turns were  received  by  each  nurse  and  so- 
cial worker  who  was  privileged  to  attend 

—  Lyle  Creelman 


L'Ecole  d'Infirmieres  Hygienistes 


When  the  history  of  the  School  of  Public 
Health  Nursing  of  the  University  of  Alon- 
treal  comes  to  be  written  many  names  will 
receive  honourable  mention  and  tribute  can- 
not be  paid  here  to  all  the  nurses  who  have 


Photo  by  Garc-.a,  Montreal 

Alice  Girard 


built  up  what  claims  to  be  the  only  French- 
speaking  School  of  Public  Health  Nursing 
in  the  world.  At  its  founding  in  1925,  Edith 
Hurley,  M.A.,  Reg.  N.  (now  Mrs.  Michael 
Hackett)  became  the  first  nurse-director  and 
the  School  owes  much  to  her  and  to  her 
successors.  For  many  years  Mile  Alexina 
Marchessault  rendered  most  valuable  and  de- 
voted service  and  for  the  past  two  years 
had  the  benefit  of  the  active  collaboration 
of  Mile  Annonciade  Martineau  in  the  capa- 
city of  co-director.  Following  the  retire- 
ment of  Mile  Marchessault,  the  direction  of 
the  School  has  been  assumed  by  Mile  Alice 
Girard,  a  graduate  of  the  School  of  Nursing 
of  the  St.  Vincent  de  Paul  Hospital,  Sher- 
brooke.  Mile  Girard  holds  the  certificate  in 
public  health  nursing  granted  by  the  School 
of  Nursing  of  the  University  of  Toronto 
and,  in  addition,  has  received  the  degree  of 
Bachelor  of  Science  in  public  health  nursing 
from  the  Catholic  University  of  America  in 
Washington,  D.C.  Mile  Martineau  will  con- 
tinue her  connection  with  the  School  in  the 
capacity  of  lecturer  on  certain  subjects.  The 
enrolment  of  students  for  the  coming  year 
is  most  encouraging  and  French-Canadian 
nurses  may  well  be  proud  of  a  School  which 
owes  its  existence  to  their  courageous  and 
loyal   support. 


Vol.  38,   No.   10 


STUDENT   NURSES   PAGE 


Sheila  Ann  Makes  her  Debut 

Gertrude  Switzer 

Student  Nurse 

School   of   Nursingy   Hamilton   General  Hospital 

{Mount  Hamilton  Maternity^ 


It  was  12.25  a.m. — one  of  those  cold 
blustery  nights  that  gives  you  the  as- 
surance that  nothing  will  happen,  at  least 
nothing  like  the  admission  of  a  maternity 
patient.  The  supervisor  had  just  finished 
trying  to  impress  upon  my  inexperienced 
mind  some  of  the  procedures  I  must 
know  when  the  telephone  rang — not 
just  the  usual  ringing,  but  rather  that 
familiar  long  and  short,  characteristic  of 
one  thing  only — "There's  a  patient  in 
the  admitting  room." 

Immediately  I  was  told  to  go  down 
and  admit  her.  No  time  now  to  get  faint- 
hearted so  I  donned  my  armour  of  ef- 
ficiency which  I  was  beginning  to  ac- 
quire, after  almost  four  nights  on  the 
delivery  floor,  and  hurried  to  the  ad- 
mitting room.  Waiting  for  the  elevator, 
the  ride  down,  everything  seems  to  take 
so  long  when  you  are  trying  to  visualize, 
and  yet  know  nothing  of,  your  patient's 
condition.  My  heart  was  pounding  loud- 
ly but  I  pulled  myself  together,  paused 
for  one  moment  to  compose  myself,  then 
gently  opened  the  door.  You  can  ima- 
gine my  relief  to  see  a  supervisor  already 
present  and,  nervously  occupying  the 
two  chairs,  a  man  and  his  wife.  Al- 
though I  was  still  quite  awkward  I 
gained  some  self-confidence  as  I  helped 
that  frightened  young  expectant  mother 


into  the  wheel-chair  and  asked  Mr.  K. 
to  wai*^  in  the  adjoining  room. 

Let's  see,  what  were  those  questions 
I'd  been  taught  to  ask  just  a  few  minutes 
before:  "How  many  pregnancies  Mrs. 
K..?  Have  your  membranes  ruptured?" 
"When  did  your  pains  begin?  Have 
you  any  show?"  After  pufing  tech- 
nical terms  into  simple  language, 
Mrs.  K.  told  me  this  was  her  first  preg- 
nancy. She  was  only  twenty-one,  with 
big  blue  eyes  and  pale  frightened  face. 
As  I  removed  her  clothing,  she  told  me 
that  the  membranes  were  intact,  that 
her  pains  started  shortly  after  dinner 
that  night  and  were  now  coming  every 
six  to  seven  minutes.  Her  temperature 
was  normal  but  her  pulse  was  a  little 
rapid — a  factor  to  be  expected  in  the  case 
of  a  primipara. 

While  I  finished  the  chart,  I  sent  the 
young  husband  in  to  say  a  few  cheering 
words  to  the  future  mother — his  wife. 
"No  visitors  on  the  delivery  floor",  we 
say  every  time,  and  we  always  get  the 
same  inquiry,  "I  won't  see  her  again?" 
Then  Mr.  K.  left  and  now  my  most 
important  task  began — to  make  Mrs. 
K.  feel  at  home  in  our  strange,  big  hos- 
pital. She  had  never  been  in  a  hospital 
before,  had  never  ridden  in  a  v/heel- 
chair,   and   I   know   she   breathed   easier 


OCTOBER.  1942 


795 


•96 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


when  we  reached  the  ward  and  I 
wheeled  her  into  the  preparation  room. 
I  carefully  assisted  her  from  the  chair, 
to  a  stool,  and  onto  the  high  table 
where  she  would  remain  for  the  next 
hour.  Then  I  put  on  a  mask,  which 
is  essential  when  making  the  perineal 
preparation,  aiid  watching  pains  in  the 
second  stage  of  labour. 

I  explained  to  Mrs.  K.  why  I  did 
this  preparation  and  by  this  time  my 
"mother-to-be"  was  beginning  to  take 
an  interest  in  what  I  was  doing  for  her. 
Listening  to  the  fetal  heart  held  her 
speechless.  That  I  should  hear,  through 
the  stethoscope,  the  baby's  tiny  heart 
pumping  with  rapid,  regular  beats,  wait- 
ing to  be  received  into  the  outside  world, 
was  almost  incredible  to  her.  I  con- 
\nnced  her  that  by  the  strong  volume, 
speed  and  position  of  that  steady  thump, 
that  she  must  have  a  normal  baby  and 
I  knew  she  was  happy.  Soon  she  was 
telling  me  how  overjoyed  she  was  when 
she  discovered  that  she  was  pregnant. 
Financial  circumstances  prevented  her 
from  seeing  a  doctor  and  not  until  the 
fifth  month  did  she  learn  by  some  for- 
tunate chance  that  there  were  prenatal 
clinics  where  her  case  was  handled  by 
noted  obstetricians  free  of  charge.  This 
soon  dispelled  any  fears  due  to  lack  of 
knowledge  and  Mrs.  K.  enjoyed  a  nor- 
mal pregnancy. 

By  now  I  had  almost  completed  our 
routine  initial  preparation  and  she  was 
ready  to  join  our  other  patients  in  la- 
bour. Personally,  I  do  not  like  that  word 
and  the  same  af^lies  to  the  rooms.  It 
is  not  the  word  so  much  but  what  it 
signifies  and  it  is  what  we  nurses  think 
of  when  we  hear  it.  If  patients  could 
only  escape  that  period  of  suffering  and 
waiting  and  not  have  to  cry  out  hour 
after  hour:  "How  much  longer,  nurse?" 
And  you,  having  by  this  time  exhausted 
your  supply  of  encouraging  phrases,  sim- 
ply respond:  "It  won't  be  long  now." 


Afterwards  they  only  have  a  vague  me- 
mory of  how  they  suffered  but  they 
choose  to  forget  and  then,  with  the 
birth  of  the  babe,  all  evidences  of  the  past 
fade  away. 

Mrs.  K.'s  pains  became  stronger. 
They  always  do  after  the  giving  of  the 
enemata — labour  is  able  to  progress  more 
favourably,  and  the  heat  stimulates  con- 
tractions in  the  uterus.  The  contractions 
were,  at  this  stage,  every  five  minutes, 
strong  and  regular  and  lasting  about 
thirty  seconds.  The  fetal  heart  had  des- 
cended slightly  to  the  left  and  every 
pain  meant  that  the  baby  was  that  much 
closer  to  being  born.  I  explained  this 
to  Mrs.  K.  and  asked  her  to  rest  be- 
tween pains  and  then  when  the  proper 
time  came,  she  would  have  conserved  her 
energ\-  and  as  a  resuk,  make  better  pro- 
gress. 

Sedation  should  be  carefully  regul- 
ated; not  too  much  so  that  there  might 
be  a  possibility  of  harming  the  baby,  but 
sufficient  to  ease  the  pains  and  afford 
a  short  rest  between  times.  \Irs.  K.  had 
heroin  gr.  1/12  and  nembutal  gr.  1  ss 
when  her  pains  came  every  three  minutes 
and  were  long  and  severe.  At  this  time 
a  rectal  examination  by  the  interne  on 
the  service  revealed  a  dilatation  of  ap- 
proximately four  fingers  with  the  head 
descending. 

She  liked  the  fruit  drinks  I  made  her, 
but  I  found  it  necessary  to  remind  her 
constantly  to  drink  them.  Glucose  drinks 
are  beneficial  to  a  patient  in  labour  be- 
cause they  maintain  the  normal  body 
fluids  and  thus  tend  to  ward  off  ex- 
haustion, symptoms  of  which  we  are  al- 
ways looking  for  in  long,  hard  labours. 

Now,  the  supervisor  made  it  my  duty 
and  resf)onsibilit}-  to  stay  with  this  pa- 
tient. Dilatation  was  complete  and 
watching  her  progress  should  prove  ver}- 
interesting.  Pressure  on  the  perineum, 
which  at  first  is  hard  to  detect,  is  a  defi- 
nite sign  that  the  cerrix  is  dilated  com- 

Vol.  38.  No.  10 


SHEILA    ANN    MAKES    HER    DEBUT 


797 


pletely  and  that  with  ever}-  pain  the  head 
of  the  baby  descends  lower  and  thus  flat- 
tening, as  it  were,  the  pehnc  floor.  With 
ever)-  pain,  Mrs.  K.  grasped  my  hand 
tightly  and  held  her  breath.  It  was 
while  watching  one  of  these  contrac- 
tions that  I  first  saw  the  membranes.  I 
was  petrified  for  I  could  think  of  it  be- 
ing nothing  else  but  the  baby's  head  and, 
advancing  as  it  was,  I  felt  quite  positive 
that  she  would  deliver  at  any  time — 
perhaps  the  next  pain!  However,  that's 
inexperience.  The  following  pain  re- 
lieved my  doubts  and  yet  it  seemed  many 
moments  before  those  membranes  final- 
ly ruptured  wn>h  a  sudden  gush  of  clear 
fluid.  Now,  it  could  not  be  long,  I  felt 
quite  sure.  The  amniotic  fluid  continued 
to  seep  and  for  the  first  time  I  distin- 
guished a  sb'ght  pinkish  show.  I  distinct- 
ly remember  Mrs.  K.  sapng  how  re- 
lieved she  was  and  that  a  great  pres- 
sure seemed  to  have  been  released,  and 
so  it  had. 

After  this  important  phase  in  labour 
came  almost  constant  ^n'gilance.  With 
ever\-  succeeding  contraction,  there  was 
greater  bulging  of  the  perineum  and  a 
dilating  of  the  rectum.  It  was  only  then 
that  this  patient  showed  signs  of  dis- 
couragement. She  had  been  in  labour 
now  for  twelve  hours  and  these  last 
pains  seemed  to  drain  her  little  body 
of  all  it  had.  The  baby's  heart,  which 
tells  us  so  much,  was  checked  conscien- 
tiously every  fifteen  minutes — still  strong 
although  somewhat  faster.  Soon  we  must 
put  our  patient  on  the  stretcher  and  take 
her  down  the  corridor  to  one  of  the 
deliverv  rooms  nearby — a  journey  which 
will  have  a  happv  landing  we  hope. 

It  was  about  this  time  that  our  super- 
visor came  in  to  determine  her  progess. 
After  a  few  minutes  of  intelligent  ob- 
servation, her  decision  was:  "She's  ready 
for  the  case-room."  With  a  feeling  of 
excitement  surging  through  me  I  wheel- 
ed the  stretcher  close  to  Mrs.  K.'s  bed 

CXrrOBER,  1942 


and,  with  the  help  of  another  nurse,  as- 
sisted her  onto  the  stretcher.  That  was  a 
hard  task  for  our  patient,  with  her  pains 
almost  continuous.  She  was  quite  relaxed 
from  the  sedative  and  did  not  seem  at  all 
interested  in  co-of)erating  with  us.  Im- 
pulsively, she  grabbed  my  hand  tightly 
and  asked,  "Will  I  be  all  right — jou 
won't  leave  me  will  you,  nurse  r"  To 
these  questions,  I  rej^'ed:  "111  stay**, 
not  knowing  but  hoping  that  I  would. 
I  did  so  much  want  to  follow  her  all 
the  wav  through.  Once  we  succeeded  in 
getting  her  on  the  delivery  table  I  was 
thrilled  when  I  heard  the  super\-isor  say: 
"Change  your  cap  and  scrub."  The  doc- 
tor and  the  anaesthetist  arrived  and  I 
was  assisted  into  sterile  gown  and  gloves. 
Soon  Mrs.  K.  was  breathing  in  the  ana- 
esthetic, slowly  and  deeply,  blotting  out 
pain.  Sterile  drapings,  towels,  basins,  so- 
lutfon,  instruments,  sponges — ^all  were 
in  readiness  for  the  doctor. 

Now  the  waiting.  Each  contraction 
showed  more  progres,  until  at  last  with 
one  successful  pain,  the  babe  was  born — 
and  a  beautiful  creature  it  was!  Pink 
and  motionless  at  first — then  a  gasp, 
and  a  low  cry  penetrated  the  solemn 
stillness  of  that  deh'very  room — the  cry- 
that  says  "I  am  alive."  It  always  gives 
me  a  wonderful  sensation  to  hear  that 
announcement  and  to  reabze  that  this 
is  the  ultimate  result  of  such  long  wait- 
ing and  expectation — a  sacrifice,  but  well 
worth  it.  She  was  kicking  and  protesting 
noisilv.  The  warm  boracic  swabs  with 
which  I  bathed  her  eves,  the  cutting 
of  the  cord,  the  appb'cation  of  an  alcohol 
dressing  and  binder,  and  removal  of 
excess  mucus  from  her  mouth  and  nose, 
all  seemed  so  much  like  ceremony  to 
her.  But  not  to  the  white-gowned  atten- 
dants, for  we  are  taught  that  we  must 
guard  against  infection  earlv.  She  was 
crvnng  lustilv  now,  and  who  could  blame 
herr  Gently,  the  doctor  handed  her  to 
the   nurse   who   wrapped   her  in  warm 


798 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


sterile   blankets   and   placed   her   in   her 
first  bed. 

Mrs.  K.  was  still  under  the  anaes- 
thetic and,  in  the  meantime  the  placenta 
was  expelled,  apparently  intact.  This 
additional  pain  seemed  to  bring  her  back 
to  reality.  What  had  happened?  From 
somewhere  in  that  semi-conscious  mind 
a  thought  flickered  which  brought  an 
expression  of  peace  to  the  upturned  face. 
Then  that  question  which  is  so  vitally 
important  to  a  mother  —  "Is  the  baby 
all  right?"  How  happy  I  was  to  tell  her 
truthfully  that  she  had  a  normal  baby 
girl. 

Doctors,  supervisors,  assistants  and 
observers  departed  leaving  me,  the  scrub- 
bed nurse,  to  watch  mother  and  babe. 
For  a  moment,  I  gently  massaged  the 
fundus  which  was  hardening  satisfac- 
torily. The  administration  of  Ergome- 
trine  1  cc.  and  Infundin  1  cc.  was 
given  intramuscularly  to  prevent  bleed- 
ing, by  stimulating  the  uterus  to  con- 
tract. By  this  time,  wee  Sheila  Ann 
(Mrs.  K.  had  previously  told  me  her 
chosen  name)  was  trying  hard  to  get 
that  tiny  thumb  into  her  mouth.  It 
was  time  now  for  mother  to  have  a  look. 
The  baby's  big  blue  eyes  were  stained 
with    Argyrol    20%,    which    met    Mrs. 


K.'s  disfavour  until  I  explained  that 
the  instillation  of  this  drug  is  a  precau- 
tion we  take  to  guard  against  the  dreaded 
ophthalmia  neonatorum.  And  so  it  was 
a  lovely  bundle,  with  her  identification 
necklace  and  anklet  securely  attached, 
was  sent  down  to  the  nursery  to  live  the 
life  of  all  babies. 

It  was  almost  an  hour  since  Sheila 
Ann  made  her  appearance  in  this  cruel 
world  and  Mrs.  K.  was  in  good  condi- 
tion. The  thermometer  registered  a  nor- 
mal temperature,  but  my  "pocket  pilot" 
detected  a  rather  fast  pulse — nothing 
to  cause  alarm  when  the  fundus  is  firm 
and  bleeding  is  moderate.  Breast  pre- 
paration and  perineal  dressing  were  soon 
completed  and  our  patient  was  ready 
to  leave  the  case-room.  How  different 
it  was  for  her  getting  on  the  stretcher 
this  time — how  different  for  us  all. 
We  wheeled  her  down  the  corridor  to 
the  elevator  and  on  down  to  a  nice 
warm  bed,  previously  prepared  for  her. 
Her  only  desire  was  to  sleep  and  to 
make  up  for  the  hours  of  interruped  rest 
and  hard,  hard  work.  Trudging  back 
with  the  stretcher,  I  marvelled  on  what 
had  happened — the  creation  of  a  Mother 
and  her  Babe — to  me  no  less  than  a  mi- 
racle ! 


I 


In  Memory  of  Cory  Mabel  Taylor 


Cory  Mabel  Taylor  was  born  in  Lon- 
don, Ontario,  the  only  daughter  of  the 
late  Colonel  and  Mrs.  L.  E.  Taylor  of 
the  Salvation  Army.  She  obtained  her 
primary  education  in  the  schools  of  Spo- 
kane, Washington,  and  Winnipeg,  and 
later  attended  high  school  in  Montreal. 
She  was  a  student  at  the  Winnipeg 
School  of  Art  previous  to  entering  the 
School    of    Nursing    of    the    Winnipeg 


General  Hospital  from  which  she  grad- 
uated in  1920.  Upon  graduation  she  was 
employed  by  the  Department  of  Health 
of  Manitoba,  and,  leaving  Winnipeg  in 
1 926  for  Toronto,  served  with  the  To- 
ronto Department  of  Health  for  two 
years  before  going  to  Bedford  College 
in  London,  for  further  study  in  public 
health  nursing.  Upon  her  return  to  Can- 
ada she  joined   the   staff  of  the   Cana- 


Vol.   J8.  No.  JO 


t 


OBITUARIES 


dian  Junior  Red  Cross  in  Toronto, 
where  she  served  faithfully  until  her 
death  on  August  8,  1942.  As  a  student 
she  was  considered  by  all  who  worked 
with  her  and  knew  her  best  as  a  con- 
scientious and  truly  good  nurse.  In  her 
work  in  Manitoba  and  Ontario  she 
achieved  outstanding  success  and,  at 
Bedford  College,  she  made  many 
friends,  not  only  for  herself  but  for 
Canada,  among  the  many  nurses  from 
the  different  countries  who  attended  this 
international  School.  We  were  justly 
proud  of  her. 

The  word  versatility  best  describes 
Cory  Taylor.  She  was  a  musician  and 
artist  of  much  more  than  average  abil- 
ity and  a  true  lover  of  poetry.  For  some 
years  she  was  an  active  member  of  the 
Toronto  Camera  Club  and  her  camera 
studies  were  greatly  admired  and  won 
favour  in  many  exhibitions.  A  deeply 
religious  woman,  she  expressed  her  con- 
victions in  a  number  of  ways.  Tolerant 
of  human  frailties,  unselfish,  self-effac- 
ing, kindly  and  sympathetic  she  attracted 
to    her    a    wide    circle    of    friends    from 


Cory  M.  Taylor 

many  walks  in  life.  In  her  short  life  of 
forty-six  years  she  has  left  a  mark  not 
soon  to  be  forgotten.  Her  sudden  death 
was  a  great  loss  to  her  many  friends, 
but  we  knew  it  was  as  she  would  have 
had  it.  In  writing  of  her  death  her  bro- 
ther said:  "she  left  us  unafraid  and 
with  the  consciousness  of  a  life  well 
spent  that  is  an  inspiration  to  those  of 
us  who  remain". 

—  Isabel  McDlarmid 


Obit 


uanes 


Mrs.  Gordon  Ellis  (Mary  M. 
Grant)  died  on  July  28,  1942,  in  Ed- 
monton, Alberta.  Mrs.  Ellis  was  a  grad- 
uate of  the  Royal  Victoria  Hospital, 
Montreal,  and  a  member  of  the  Class 
of  1928. 


Annie  Hillcoat,  superintendent  of 
the  Highland  View  Hospital,  Amherst, 
N.  S.,  will  be  sorely  missed  by  that  insti- 
tution and  by  the  community  she  served 
so  well  for  thirteen  years.  Miss  Hillcoat 
was  a  graduate  of  the  School  of  Nurs- 
ing of  the  Hartford  State  Hospital, 
H-'-r'^  rrl.    Conn.,    and   later    undertook 


post-graduate  study  at  Johns  Hopkins 
Hospital.  She  served  with  distinction  as 
a  Nursing  Sister  with  the  R.C.A.M.C. 
during  the  first  Great  War  and,  upon 
her  return  to  Canada,  was  appointed 
to  the  staff  of  the  Camp  Hill  Military 
Hospital  in  Halifax.  Her  charming  per- 
sonality won  many  friends  and  her  sud- 
den passing  is  deeply  mourned. 


Mrs.  Lorne  Hoffmeyer  (Eliza- 
beth Hall)  died  recently  as  the  result 
of  a  motor  accident.  Mrs.  Hoffmeyer 
was  a  graduate  of  the  School  of  Nursing 
of   the   Stratford   General   Hospi^^al   and 


OCTOBER.   1942 


799 


800 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


a  member  of  the  Class  of  1923.  Previous 
to  her  marriage  she  served  as  a  super- 
visor in  the  McKellar  General  Hospital, 
Fort  William,  Ont. 


Mrs.  John  Macdonald  (Annie 
Allan)  died  on  September  9,  1942,  at 
Dundas,  Ontario.  Mrs.  Macdonald  was 
a  graduate  of  the  Mack  Training  School 
of  St.  Catharines  General  Hospital,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Class  of  1896. 


Jessie  MacGregor  died  recently  in 
Montreal.  Miss  MacGregor  was  a  grad- 
uate of  the  School  of  Nursing  of  the 
Montreal  General  Hospital  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Class  of  1892.  For  many 
years  she  was  engaged  in  private  duty 
nursing  and  afterwards  served  as  a  mem- 
ber of  the  staff  of  the  Victorian  Order 
of  Nurses  until  her  retirement  some 
years  a^o.  Miss  MacGregor  was  a  life 


member  of  the  Alumnae  Association, 
and  took  an  active  interest  in  its  work 
until  failing  health  made  it  impossible 
to  attend  meetings.  She  died  at  the  ripe 
age  of  ninety-one. 


Mrs  Henry  J.  Robillard  (Alex- 
andra Helen  Nelson)  died  suddenly  on 
July  1,  1942,  at  her  summer  camp  on 
the  Gatineau.  Mrs.  Robillard  graduated 
from  the  School  of  Nursing  of  the 
Montreal  General  Hospi'^al  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Class  of  1909.  She  went 
overseas  in  January,  1915,  serving  with 
distinction  as  a  Nursing  Sister  in  the 
C.A.M.C.  for  over  four  years  in  France 
and  England.  She  was  mentioned  in  dis- 
patches for  service  in  France  and  was 
awarded  the  Royal  Red  Cross.  In  1920 
she  married  Dr.  Henry  J.  Robillard 
and  made  her  home  in  Detroit.  The  fu- 
neral service  was  attended  by  many  old 
friends  of  the  Great  War  years. 


M.LI.C  Nursing  Service 


Miss  Gilberte  Violette  (Hopital  du  St. 
Sacrement,  Quebec  City,  1937)  was  recently 
permanently  appointed  to  the  Metropolitan 
Nursing  Staff.  Miss  Violette  has  been  on  the 
Mount  Royal  Staff,  Montreal,  since  April 
1942. 

Miss  Bcrthe  Poirier  (Notre  Dame  Hos- 
pital, Montreal,  1934,  and  public  health 
nursing  course.  University  of  Montreal, 
1935)  Metropolitan  nurse  in  Three  Rivers, 
was  recently  transferred  to  St.  Jerome, 
P.Q.,  and  Miss  GabricUc  Midland  (Notre 
Dame  Hospital.  1927)  was  transferred  from 
St.  Jerome  to  Three  Rivers. 

Miss  Angeline  Carou  (Notre  Dame  Hos- 
pital, ^lontreal,  1939,  and  public  health 
nursing  course,  University  of  Montreal, 
1935)  was  recently  transferred  from  St. 
Hyacinthe,  P.Q.  to  the  Frontenac  Nursing 
Staff,  Montreal,  and  Miss  Helene  Anctil 
(Notre  Dame  Hospital,  1927,  and  public 
health  nursing  course.   University  of   Mont- 


real, 1936)  of  the  Frontenac  Nursing  Staff 
was    transferred  to    St.    Hyacinthe. 

Miss  Gertrude  Gouin  (Notre  Dame  Hos- 
pital. 1937,  and  public  health  nursing  course, 
University  of  Montreal,  1938)  Metropolitan 
nurse  in  Grand'mere  district,  recently  re- 
signed from  the  Company's  service  to  join  the 
R.C.A.M.C.    as    Nursing   Sister. 

Miss  Therese  Maynard  (St.  Charles  Hos- 
pital, St.  Hyacinthe,  P.  Q.,  1936)  recently 
resigned  from  the  Mount  Royal  Staff  to 
join  the  R.C.A.M.C.  as  Nursing  Sister. 

Miss  Pauline  Page  (Notre  Dame  Hospital, 
Montreal,  1936,  and  public  health  nursing 
courses,  University  of  Montreal,  1938,  and 
University  of  Toronto,  1939)  was  appointed 
to  the  Metropolitan  Nursing  Staff  and  has 
taken  up  her  duties  at  the  Mount  Royal  of- 
fice. 

Miss  Marie  Reine  Boulauger  (Hopital  du 
St.  Sacrement.  Quebec  City,  1936.  and  public 
health  nursing  course,  University  of   Mont- 


Vol.  38.  No.   10 


M.L.I.C.    NURSING  SERVICE  801 

real,  1939)  took  over  the  Metropolitan  Xurs-  transferred  to  the   McGill   Nursing   Office, 

ing  Service  in  Grand'mere.  and   Miss   Gcrmaitie    Tessier    (Notre   Dame 

Miss   Cecil  Richer    (St.   Joseph    Hospital,  Hosptal,    Montreal,    1927,   and   public  health 

Lachine,  P.Q.,  1928,  and  public  health  nurs-  nursing     course.     University     of     Montreal, 

ing   course.    University   of   Montreal,    1938)  1931)  of  the  McGill  Office  will  replace  Miss 

Metropolitan  nurse  in  Joliette,  P.Q.,  will  be  Richer  at  Joliette. 


WANTED 

Applications  are  invited  from  registered  nurses  for  General  Duty  in 
a  Tuberculosis  Sanatorium  of  360  beds.  When  writing  please  state  previous 
experience,  age,  etc.  The  salary  offered  is  $65  a  month,  with  full  maintenance. 

Address    applications    to: 
Miss  M.  L,  Buchanan,  Superintendent  of  Nurses,  Royal  Edward  Laurentian 
Hospital  (Ste.  Agathe  Division),  Ste.  Agathe  des  Monts,  P.Q. 

(Formerly  —  The  Laurentian  Sanatorium} 


WANTED 

Applications  are  invited  for  the  position  of  Operating  Room  Supervisor 
in  the  Moose  Jaw  General  Hospital.  This  Hospital  has  a  capacity  of  180  beds, 
and  a  very  active  surgical  department. 
For  further  information  apply  to: 

The  Superintendent  of  Nurses,  Moose  Jaw  General  Hospital,  Moose  Jaw,  Sask. 


WANTED 

A  Night  Supervisor,  experienced  in  obstetrics,  is  required  for  a  125-bed 
General  Hospital  in  the  Maritime  Provinces.  The  applicant  must  be  registered 
and  have  post-graduate  preparation,  or  equivalent,  for  assuming  responsibili- 
ties of  night  supervisor.  Apply  in  care  of: 

Box  1,  The  Canadian  Nurse,   1411   Crescent   St.,  Montreal,   P.Q. 


WANTED 

Applications  are  invited  from  English-speaking  Nurses  with  Public  Health 
Certificate.  Apply,  enclosing  credentials,  to: 

Miss  Alice  Ahem.  Assistant  Superintendent  of  Nursing 
Metropolitan  Life  Insurance  Company,  Ottawa,  Ont. 


WANTED 

Registered  Nurses  are  wanted  for  day  or  night  duty.  The  salary  is  from 
$55  to  $65  per  month. 

A  Night  Supervisor  is  also  required;  the  salary  is  from  $70  to  $75  per 
month.  Apply  to: 

Great  War  Memorial  Hospital,  Perth,  Ont. 


WANTED 

Applications  are  invited  for  the  position  of  Obstetrical  Supervisor  in  a 
140-bed  Hospital  in  the  Maritimes.  When  writing  please  state  age,  religion, 
qualifications,  and  previous  experience,  and  apply  in  care  of: 

Box  2,  The  Canadian  Nurse,  1411  Crescent  St.,  Montreal,  P.Q. 


OCTOBER,  1942 


income  Tax  Exemptions  for  Private  Duty  Nurses 


Editor^ s  Note:  Just  as  the  Journal 
goes  to  fressy  the  following  communica- 
tion has  been  received  from  Miss  Mada- 
lene  Baker^  chairman  of  the  General 
Nursing  Seciion: 

Due  to  the  fact  that  there  has  been 
considerable  confusion  regarding  ex- 
emptions from  income  tax  levies  for 
nurses  engaged  in  private  practice,  as 
these  pertain  to  the  1942  General  Tax 
and  that  portion  of  our  1942  income 
earned  prior  to  September  1942,  it 
seemed  advisable  to  seek  a  ruling  on  se- 
veral matters  in  order  to  present  a  clear 
picture  to  private  duty  nurses  practising 
in  Canada.  As  a  result,  the  following 
statement  from  the  Federal  Income  Tax 
Department  sets  down  all  items  for  le- 
gitimate exemption  for  nurses  engaged 
in  private  practice: 

1.  That  the  Provincial  Registration  Fee 
paid  by  nurses  will  be  allowed  as  a  deduc- 
tion from  income  as  being  a  professional 
expense. 

It  is  noted  that  in  the  majority  of  Prov- 
inces this  fee  includes  the  Registered  Nurses 
Association  Fee  for  the  Province.  The  Prov- 
inces of  Ontario  and  Prince  Edward  Island 
are  the  only  exceptions  and  in  these  Prov- 
inces the  Registered  Nurses  Association  Fee 
will  be  allowed  as  a  deduction  as  well  as  the 
Provincial  Registration  Fee. 

2.  The  Organized  Registry  Fee  which  ii 
paid  for  call  service  for  nurse.^  in  various 
towns  and  cities"  throughout  the  Dominion 
will  also  be  regarded  as  a  business  expense 
and  allowed  as  a  deduction. 

3.  Nurses  are  to  be  allowed  the  cost  of 
hypodermic  needles,  instruments,  rubber 
gloves  and  other  similar  equipment  which 
they  purchase  for  purposes  of  their  profes- 
sion. They  will  also  be  allowed  the  cost  of 


text  books  in  connection  with  nursing.  These 
are  also  regarded  as  business  expenses. 

4.  Laundry  bills  in  connection  with  nurses' 
uniforms  will  also  be  allowed  as  a  business 
expense. 

It  will  of  course  be  necessary  for  nurses 
to  submit  vouchers  covering  the  above  men- 
tioned expenditures. 

5.  Where  a  nurse  is  engaged  by  a  patient 
in  the  hospital  and  the  patient  is  charged 
for  the  nurse's  meal  by  the  hospital,  the 
nurse  will  include  a  flat  rate  of  35  cents 
per  meal  in  her  income  tax  return.  This  flat 
rate  of  35  cents  per  meal  will  apply  all  over 
Canada  regardless  of  the  actual  amount 
which  the  hospital  may  charge  the  patient  for 
the  meals  supplied  to  the  nurse. 

The  foregoing  applies  to  all  nurses  who 
are  working  for  fees,  but  does  not  apply 
to  nurses  who  are  employed  on  a  straight 
salary  basis,  such  as  nurses  working  in 
doctors'  offices,  etc.  inasmuch  as  no  ex- 
penses are  allowed  in  reduction  of  a  straight 
salary.  This  is  in  accordance  with  the  pro- 
visions of  Section  10  of  the  Income  War 
Tax   Act. 

The  following  items  are  not  allowed  as 
a  deduction  from  income  under  any  cir- 
cumstances : 

1.  Alumnae  fees  paid  by  nurses. 

2.  Cost  of  car  tickets,  taxis,  etc. 

3.  Cost  of  shoes,  uniforms,  etc. 

It  was  further  determined  that  nurses  who 
are  not  on  a  straight  salary  basis  would 
not  be  subject  to  tax  deduction  at  the  source 
on  the  amounts  paid  to  them  by  patients. 
Such  nurses  will  be  dealt  with  as  profes- 
sional persons  and  required  to  pay  their  tax 
in  quarterly  instalments.  The  first  quarterly 
payment  of  the  1942  tax  will  be  paid  on  or 
before  the  ISth  October,  1942,  and  there- 
after payments  will  be  made  on  or  before 
the  15th  day  of  January,  April  and  July, 
1943.    Such  nurses   will   be   required  to    file 


802 


Vol.  38,  No.   10 


BOOK   RE  VIEWS 


803 


their  1942  Income  Tax  Returns  on  or  before 
the  30th  April,  1943. 

Nurses  who  are  employed  on  a  straight 
salary  basis,  such  as  nurses  in  doctors'  of- 
fices, etc.  will  be  subject  to  tax  deduction 
at  the  source  and  will  be  required  to  file 
their  1942  Income  Tax  Returns  on  or  before 
the  30th  September,  1943. 


Book  Reviews 

The  Mathematics  of  Solutions  and  Dosage 
including  Simple  Arithmetic,      by   Margene 
O.   Faddis,   R.N.,   M.A.,  associate  profes- 
sor of  medical  nursing.   School  of  Nurs- 
ing,  Western   Reserve   University,   Cleve- 
land,  Ohio,  and   Herschel  E.  Grime,   Ph. 
D.,  supervisor  of  mathematics,   Cleveland 
Pubhc     Schools.     124    pages.      Illustrated. 
Published  by  the  J.   B.   Lippincott   Com- 
pany;    Canadian    office:     Medical     Arts 
Building,  Montreal.    Price,  75  cents. 
This   book   owes   much   of   its   usefulness 
to  the  commonsense  which  evidently  inspired 
its  authors.     Their  approach  is  best  given 
in  their  own  words  :    "This  manual  is  pre- 
sented in  the  hope  that  it  may  be  of  help 
to  students  who  have  just  entered  a  school 
or  nursing  or  are  about  to  do  so.     It  is  the 
outgrowth  of  the  experience  of  one  of  the 
authors     in    teaching    the    mathematics    of 
solutions  and  dosage,   an  experience  of  the 
type  held  in  common  by  all  teachers  of  this 
subject.      Most   of   the    difficulties    of    this 
course   would   be   relatively   unimportant   if 
all  students  came  to  the  school  of  nursing 
fully  prepared  to  make  simple  mathematical 
calculations ;   even  those  inherent  in  the  in- 
terchangeable  use   of   the   metric   and   apo- 
thecaries   systems    would    be    minor.      It    is 
the    authors'     firm    conviction    that    if    all 
students    had    complete    mastery    of    these 
skills,   the  course  in  the  calculation  of   do- 
sages and  the  preparation  of  solutions  would 
be  undertaken  with  eager  interest  and  anti- 
cipation  instead   of   with    fear   and  dislike." 
Part  one  deals  with  simple  arithmetic,  pre- 


THE 

MACMILLAN  COMPANY 

OF   CANADA   LIMITED 

70  BOND  ST.  TORONTO 

Just  Published 

PSYCHOLOGY  FOR  NURSES 

by 

Philip  Laurence  Harriman,  Ph.D., 
Bucknell  University;  Lela  L.  Green- 
wood, Teaching  Supervisor,  Belle- 
vue  Hospital;  Charles  E.  Skinner, 
Ph.D.,   New   York  University. 


The  scheme  of  the  book  is  based 
on  the  Curriculum  Guide  for 
Schools  of  Nursing,  1937.  The  ma- 
terial is  organized  to  conform  with 
the  four  teaching  units  outlined 
therein. 

Price,   $3.25 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO 
SCHOOL  OF  NURSING 

A  Refresher  Course  in  Industrial 
Nursing  will  be  given  from  Novem- 
ber 23  to  26,  inclusive.  Miss  Olive 
Whitlock,  Public  Health  Nursing 
Consultant  of  the  Industrial  Divi- 
sion of  the  United  States  Public 
Health  Service,  will  give  the  lec- 
tures on  Industrial  Nursing. 


An  Extension  Course  for  Regis- 
tered Nurses  interested  in  Hospital 
Administration  will  be  given  from 
November  2  to  14,  inclusive. 


For  further  information  concern- 
ing both  these  courses  apply  to: 
The  Secretary,  School  of  Nursing, 
University  of  Toronto,  Toronto, 
Ont. 


OCTOBER.  1942 


804 


THE   CANADIAN  NURSE 


McCILL 
UNIVERSITY 

School  for  Graduate  Nurses 

The     following     one-year     certificate 

courses     are     offered     to     graduate 

nurses : 

TEACHING  AND 

SUPERVISION    IN    SCHOOLS 

OF   NURSING 

PUBLIC    HEALTH    NURSING 

ADMINISTRATION  IN 

HOSPITALS    AND    SCHOOLS 

OF   NURSING 

ADMINISTRATION  AND 

SUPERVISION 

IN  PUBLIC  HEALTH 

NURSING 

For  information  apply  to: 

School    for    Graduate    Nurses 
McGill   University,  Montreal. 


ROYAL  VICTORIA  HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL  OF  NURSING 

MONTREAL 

Courses  for  Graduate  Nurses 

(1)  A  three-months  course  is  offered 
in  Obstetrical  Nursing.  (2)  A  two- 
months  course  is  offered  in  Gyne- 
cological Nursing.  For  further 
information  apply  to  Miss  Caroline 
Barrett,  R.N.,  Supervisor,  Women's 
Pavilion,  Royal  Victoria  Hospital. 


(3)  A  course  in  operating  room 
technique  and  management  is  of- 
fered to  nurses  with  graduate  ex- 
perience  in  operating  room  work. 

(4)  Courses  are  also  offered  in 
medical  nursing;  surgical  nursing; 
nursing  in  diseases  of  the  eye,  ear, 
nose  and  throat;  nursing  in  uro- 
logy. For  further  information  apply 
to  Miss  F.  Munroe,  R.N.,  Superin- 
tendent of  Nurses,  Royal  Victoria 
Hospital. 


sented  from  a  nursing  point  of  view,  and 
special  emphasis  is  given  to  the  need  for 
accuracy.  Part  Two  is  concerned  with  the 
mathematics  of  making  solutions  and  com- 
puting doses.  Exercises  whereby  the  student 
may  test  her  knowledge  are  included.  It  is 
significant  that  one  of  the  authors  felt  the 
need  for  a  test  of  this  kind  which  could  be 
used  by  senior  students  in  high  schools  who 
wish  to  enter  schools  of  nursing.  If  this 
book  could  be  jointly  analyzed  by  high 
school  principals  and  instructors  in  schools 
of  nursing  a  long  step  might  be  taken 
toward  solving  a  common  problem. 


Essentials  of  Dermatology,  by    Norman 

Tobias,  M.D.,  Senior  Instructor  in  Derma- 
tology,  St.   Louis   University.     478  pages. 
Illustrated.     Published  by  the  J.    B.   Lip- 
pincott  Company;  Canadian  office:  Medi- 
cal  Arts    Building,   Montreal.    Price  $5.75 
The   purpose   of   this   book   is   "to   present 
the   growing   subject   of    Dermatology   com- 
pletely  and    concisely   without   the    sacrifice 
of   detail".     Although  the  book  is   intended 
primarily  for  the  use  of  physicians,  it  would 
also  serve  as  a  very  helpful  reference  text 
for  nurses.     The  content  is  arranged  under 
2)2  headings  and  includes  a  discussion  of  the 
erythema  group,  eczema,  drug  eruptions,  and 
toxic    bullous    diseases    such    as    pemphigus. 
Forty-five   pages   are   devoted   to   a  descrip- 
tion of  the  various  stages  of  syphilis  and  the 
skin  lesions  associated  with  this  disease  are 
admirably  illustrated.  The  final  chapter  deals 
with    dermatological    therapeutics    and    con- 
cludes  with   some  general   suggestions   many 
of   which   are   applicable   in   the   nursing   of 
patients   suffering   from  dermatological  dis- 
ease. 


The  Life  of  Florence  Nightingale,       b\'    Sir 

Edward  Cook,  a  one- volume  reissue  of 
the  original  two-volume  edition.  434  pages. 
Illustrated.  Three  appendices,  a  biblio- 
graphy and  an  index.  Published  by  The 
Macmillan  Company  of  Canada,  St. 
Martin's  House,  Toronto.  Price,  $4.50. 
The  foreword  to  this  volume  has  been 
written   by    M.    Adelaide    Nutting  and  con- 


Vol.  38.  No.  10 


BOOK   REVIEWS 


805 


tains  a  perfect  appraisal  of  its  sterling 
worth :  "Among  all  the  innumerable  bio- 
graphies of  Florence  Nightingale,  none  com- 
pare with  this  in  its  penetrating  and  com- 
prehensive grasp  of  Miss  Nightingale's  com- 
plex personality  and  of  the  tremendous 
significance  and  scope  of  her  work.  At  the 
outset  Sir  Edward  Cook  put  aside  certain 
popular  and  long-entrenched  ideas  about  this 
almost  mythical  figure  of  romance  and 
heroism  and  placed  firmly  in  the  foreground 
a  new  conception  of  her  in  which  her  mind 
was  pre-eminent.  'Spacious,'  he  called  it. 
Great  administrative  powers,  yes ;  goodness 
approaching  sainthood,  yes ;  these  were  ob- 
vious. But  according  to  many  discriminating 
judges  quoted  by  this  biographer  and  others, 
it  was  her  .clear  and  powerful  intellect  that 
marked  her  out  among  all  of  her  contem- 
poraries, both  men  and  women." 

The  publishers  are  to  be  congratulated  on 
their  foresight  and  .wisdom  in  retaining  the 
whole  text  rather  than  attempting  to 
bridge  it.  Although  it  is  many  years  since 
this  book  was  originally  published,  it  re- 
m.ains  as  vivid  and  as  stimulating  as  when 
it  first  appeared.  Florence  Nightingale  her- 
self speaks  on  every  page  and,  as  the  lapse 
of  time  affords  a  true  perspective,  we  see 
clearly  that  here  is  one  of  the  greatest 
women  of  all  time.  The  reappearance  of 
this  nursing  classic  at  this  particular  junc- 
ture is  most  fortunate.  It  should  be  readily 
available  to  nurses  and  to  students  of  nurs- 
ing everywhere. 


Professional     Relationships     of     the     Nurse, 
by  Helen  F.  Hansen,  M.A.,  R.N.,  execu- 
tive secretary,   Board  of  Nurses  Examin- 
ers, California.     369  pages,  appendix,  and 
index.      Published    by    W.     B.     Saunders 
Company ;    Canadian   agents :    McAinsh   & 
Co.  Limited,  Toronto.     Price.  $3.25. 
The    subject    matter    of    this    book    is    ar- 
ranged in  four  units.     The  first  affords  an 
introduction  to  the   social,  professional   and 
economic   responsibilities   of  the  nurse.   The 
chapter  entitled  "The  nurse  and  her  reading" 
is  particularly  good.     The  second  unit  deals 
with    local    and    national    nursing    organiza- 
tions in  the  United  States  of  America  and. 


A  thorough  laxative 
and  an  effective  ant- 
acid   combine    in 


PHILLIPS'  MILK  OF  MAGNESIA 

As  a  laxative,  it  is  gentle  and  thorough. 
As  an  antacid — three  times  as  effective 
as  a  saturated  solution  of  sodium  bicar- 
bonate. 

PHILLIPS'    MILK    OF    MAGNESIA     (Liquid) 

As  an  antacid — 2  to  4  teaspoonfuls 
As  a  gentle  laxative — 4  to  8  teaspoonfuls 

PHILLIPS'    MILK    OF    MAGNESIA     Tablets 

As  an  antacid:   2  to  4  tablets 

We   will  send  you  a   professional   package   upon 
request, 

Phillips' 

Milk  of  Magnesia 

Prepared  only   by 


THE  CHAS.  H.  PHILLIPS  CHEMICAL  CO. 

Windsor,  Ontario 


OCTOBER.  1942 


S06 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


nHRlED 


ftpjg^' 


is  the 

DIRECT  METHOD 
J  of  treating 

COLDS,    BRONCHITIS, 
WHOOPING    COU6H 


breathing    <>""?„  sapors  into  «P""^„',:C» 

,htoa.    "'"SsTlterature,  Dept.  8. 
Write  for  nurses  ^_^^^B^ 


THE   VAPO-CRESOLENE   CO. 
62  Cortlandt  St.       New  York,  N.Y. 


though  very  helpful  to  American  nurses, 
is  naturally  of  less  value  to  Canadian 
readers.  The  third  unit  offers  some  eminent- 
ly practical  advice  concerning  the  entrance 
of  the  nurse  into  the  field  of  employment 
and  her  adjustment  to  it.  The  chapters 
on  private  duty  and  on  general  staff  nursing 
are  worthy  of  special  mention.  An  his- 
torical sketch  of  the  International  Council 
of  Nurses  will  be  found  in  unit  four.  Each 
unit    concludes    with    a    bibliography. 


Handbook  for  Industrial  Nurses,  by  Marion 
M.  West,  S.R.N.,  S.C.M.  129  pages.  Pub- 
lished by  Edward  Arnold  &  Co.,  London, 
1941. 

Written  primarily  for  nurses  engaged  in 
industry  in  Britain,  many  parts  of  this  book 
are  applicable  to  the  rapidly  expanding  war 
industries  in  Canada.  While  the  development 
of  adequate  public  health  nursing  services  to 
the  community  in  general  is  fairly  well  ad- 
vanced in  the  country,  we  lag  behind  in  the 
planned  programs  for  the  welfare  of  the 
workers  in  our  industrial  plants.  Britain  has 
taken  the  lead  by  the  passage  of  an  order 
requiring  that  all  industrial  undertakings  of 
sufficient  size  to  warrant  the  innovation  are 
to  have  a  medical  and  nursing  service.  To  fa- 
miliarize the  nurse  with  her  part  in  this 
vast  scheme,  particularly  the  nurse  who  has 
had  no  postgraduate  training,  this  book  was 
written. 


Concrete  suggestions  are  made  concerning 
the  duties  which  come  within  the  scope  of 
the  industrial  nurse.  The  author  clearly  in- 
dicates the  superior  service  which  results 
when  the  organization  includes  a  nurse 
(rather  than  first  aiders  only)  working  under 
adequate  medical  supervision :  "The  nurse 
must  be  capable  of  seeing  the  patient  as  an 
entity ...  the  nurse  in  the  factory  who  sees 
only  the  injured  finger  and  does  not  attend 
to  the  worker  as  well  as  to  his  injury,  how- 
ever slight,  fails  to  grasp  the  full  scope  of 
her  work."  This  aspect  of  her  program  may 
not  be  fully  appreciated  by  the  employer  but 
since  it  should  result  in  increased  efficiency 
of  the  workers,  the  extra  supervision  will 
pay  dividends  to  the  industry  in  the  long 
run.  As  Miss  West  remarks  :  "To  be  suc- 
cessful in  industry  nurses  should  seek  to 
know  and  understand  something  of  the  con- 
ditions under  which  people  work  as  well  as 
the  actual  work  they  do.  She  owes  it  to  em- 
ployer and  worker  alike  to  study  the  work 
being  done  so  that  she  may  fit  her  duties 
in  smoothly  with  as  little  loss  of  time  as 
possible.  That  part  of  the  plant  in  which  the 
Health  and  Welfare  Department  is  situated 
should  not  be  looked  upon  by  the  workers  or 
staff  as  a  place  to  avoid,  but  as  a  centre 
from  which  radiates  practical  help,  sympathy 
and  understanding  of  their  situation  and  their 
needs." 

Much  of  the  material  in  the  latter  chapters 
is  directly  applicable  to  Britain  and  is,  there- 


Vol.  38,  No.  10 


BOOK   REVIEWS 


807 


fore,  of  little  use  to  a  nurse  working  in  Cana- 
adian  industry.  While  this  book  makes  rea- 
sonably interesting  reading,  it  cannot  be  rec- 
ommended as  an  authoritative  text  for  in- 
dustrial nurses  in   Canada. 

— Margaret  E.  Kerr 


So  Build  We,    by     Mary     Sewall     Gardner, 
A.M.,  R.N.,  Honorary  President,  National 
Organization  for  Public  Health  Nursing. 
223   pages.   Published   by   The   Macmillan 
Company  of  Canada,  St.  Martin's  House, 
Toronto.  Price,  $2.25. 
Nobody  but  Mary  Sewall  Gardner  could 
have  written  "So  Build  We".  The  humour, 
insight  and  sound  commonsense  of  the  wo- 
man herself  shine  out  on  every  page.  The 
book  is  a  fictional  presentation  of  the  many 
problems  confronting  Miss  Melton,  director 
of  a  visiting  nurse  association.  These  range 
all  the  way  from  finding  a  comfortable  fos- 
ter home  for  Mrs.  Finnigan's  cat  to  patching 
up  a  quarrel  with  a  militant  group  of  social 
workers  in  so  masterly  a  fashion  that  a  coun- 
cil of  agencies  grew  out  of  it.  Miss  Melton 
proves  to  be  particularly  adept  in  her  ap- 
proach   to    staff    relationships    and    adjust- 
ment and  the  personal  factors  which  extend 
into  her  choice  of  her  assistant  are  confessed 
with  a   disarming   frankness.    She  also   dis- 
plays both   sympathy   and   understanding   in 
her   dealing   with    modern   youth,    especially 
in  the  handling  of  the  aftermath  of  a  motor 
accident,  due  to  drunken  driving,  that  came 
dangerously    near    disaster    for    one    young 
nurse. 

Miss  Gardner  has  a  keen  eye  for  charac- 
ter. The  board  members,  male  and  female, 
come  alive,  and  the  portrait  of  the  disillu- 
sioned but  indispensable  secretary  is  a  gem. 
This  book  will  be  read  with  equal  interest  by 
young  executives  and  by  those  old  hands  in 
public  health  work  who  may  wish  to  com- 
pare their  own  methods  with  those  of  Miss 
Melton.  Board  and  committee  members  will 
find  it  a  vivid  picture  of  the  situations  with 
which  their  director  constantly  has  to  deal 
in  her  daily  working  life.  This  is  also  a  book 
for  those  members  of  the  lay  public  who  are 
interested  in  seeing  how  the  wheels  of  a 
public  health  nursing  organization  go  round. 


Is  there  any  antiseptic  which  will 

really  kill  germs  without  harming 

human  tissue?" 

TODAY  you  may  answer  this 
question  with  a  confident 
"Yes",  for  'DETTOL',  the  new 
British  Antiseptic,  kills  germs  fast, 
yet  won't  hurt  human  tissue. 

Every  day  Canadian  doctors  are 
using  'DETTOL'  in  the  surgical 
and  maternity  wards  of  leading 
Canadian  hospitals  and  are  pres- 
cribing 'DETTOL'  in  private  prac- 
tice. You  can  safely  recommend  it 
as  an  all-purpose  antiseptic.  'DET- 
TOL' has  a  phenol  coefficient  of 
3.0.  It  does  not  even  hurt  on  appli- 
cation to  open  wounds  and  it  is  ab- 
solutely safe  for  home  use. 


'DETTOL'  Antiseptic  Offers  ALL 
These    Qualities: — 

•  A   powerful    antiseptic 

•  Gentle  to  human  tissue 

•  Does   not   sting   like  iodine 

•  Non-poisonous 

•  Non-staining 

•  Agreeable  odour 
•    Concentrated     — 

economical  in  use. 


Reckitt   8C  Colman    (Canada)    Ltd. 

Pharmaceutical  Dept. 

Montreal 


'DETTOL' 

(TRADE    MARK) 

THE  MODERN  ANTISEPTIC 


OCTOBER,  1942 


"OH,  PALMOLIVE  — 

MY  FAVOURITE  SOAP!  I'M  SO 

GLAD  YOU  USE  IT  HERE  TOO!" 


■^ 


Nurses  and  Patients  Agree: 

PALMOLIVE 

makes  bathing   more   pleasant 

Nurses  know  how  beneficial  Olive  and 
Palm  Oils  are  to  sensitive  skin.  That's 
wh}-,  when  it  comes  to  soaps,  they 
choose  Palmolive,  the  only  leading 
toilet  soap  made  with  the  costliest 
blend  of  soothing  Olive  and  Palm  Oils 
—  Nature's  finest  skin  conditioners. 
Palraolive  is  a  purely  vegetable  soap 
...  no  animal  fats  ...  no  artificial 
colouring  ...  no  bleaches  that  some- 
times irritate  sensitive  skin.  Palmolive 
is  as  pure  as  a  soap  can  be ! 


PALMOLIVE 

is    one 

of  the 

"little 

things" 

patients 

call 

important! 


More  patients  use  Palmolive  at  home 
■      than   any   other   leading    beauty  soap!       , 


NEWS   NOTES 

ALBERTA 

Edmonton: 

Members  of  the  graduating  class  of  the 
School  of  Nursing  of  the  Edmonton  Gen- 
eral Hospital  were  guests  of  honour  at 
several  affairs  prior  to  their  graduation. 
A  banquet  was  held  by  the  Alumnae  Associa- 
tion and  Miss  Alice  Mitchell  presided  as 
toast-master.  In  her  address,  the  president, 
Aliss  Bietsch  welcomed  the  graduates  to  the 
Association  and  granted  them  free  mem- 
bership for  one  year.  At  the  graduation 
exercises  the  Lieutenant-Governor  of  Al- 
berta was  a  guest  speaker.  His  Grace, 
Archbishop  John  H.  MacDonald.  presented 
the  diplomas  to  27  graduates. 

Jessie  Daniel  was  the  recipient  of  a  gen- 
eral proficiency  medal  given  by  the  Alumnae 
Association.  Clara  Dietrich  was  awarded 
the  medical  nursing  prize.  For  proficiency 
in  surgical  nursing,  a  special  prize  was 
awarded  to  Caroline  Jacobs.  Jean  Richard- 
son was  the  winner  of  the  scholarship  given 
by  Rev.  Sister  Superior  O'Grady  which  will 
assist  Miss  Richardson  to  take  a  post- 
graduate course  at  the  Royal  Victoria  Hos- 
pital  in   Montreal. 

The  valedictory  was  given  by  Miss  Thelma 
Gushing.  The  refresher  course  is  being  spon- 
sored by  the  Alumnae  Association  and  will 
be  organized  by  the  president.  Miss  E. 
Bietsch.  Already  there  are  34  applicants 
for  the  course  which  will  consist  of  15 
two-hour  lectures  and  two-hour  ward  ob- 
servation   periods   daily    in   any    department. 

MANITOBA 

Winnipeg: 

Winnipeg   General  Hosfital: 

Mrs.  Harry  Williams  (Emily  Neil.  1923) 
has  recently  returned  to  Winnipeg  with  her 
husband  and  family.  Dr.  Williams  has  been 
a  medical  missionary  in   Chengtu.   China. 

The  following  marriages  have  recently 
taken  place:  Lila  Heller  (1933)  to  Pte. 
Gordon  Farrell ;  Elizabeth  Gamble  (1940)  to 
Carl  Flemming;  Dorothy  Pilkey  (1942)  to 
Lieut.  Edward  Hudson ;  Merle  Greenway 
(1940)    to   Wm.    Shaughnessy. 

NOVA  SCOTIA 

New  Glasgow: 

The  largest  preliminary  class  of  13  nurses 
recently  began  their  new  course  of  studies 
at  the  School  of  Nursing  of  the  Aberdeen 
Hospital. 

Miss  Helen  Wilson,  who  has  held  the  post 
of  superintendent  of  nurses  for  the  past  year 
at  A.  H.,  has  resigned  for  military  duty.  Her 
position  has  been  filled  by  Miss  Jessie  Mc- 
Cann,  a  graduate  of  the  Victoria  General 
Hospital,  Halifax,  and  of  the  McGill  School 

Vol.  38,  No.  10 


NEWS    NOTES 


809 


for  Graduate  Nurses.  Miss  Isobel  Thomp- 
son (1936),  Miss  Jean  Johnson  (1941)  and 
Miss  Nellie  Mahoney  (St.  Martha's  Hos- 
pital, Antigonish)  have  joined  the  R.C.A. 
M.C.  as  Nursing  Sisters.  Miss  Rita  Lan- 
gille  (1940)  has  recently  been  appointed  to 
the  staff  of  the  A.  H.  as  supervisor  of  the 
maternity  department. 

The  following  marriages  have  recently 
taken  place :  Jean  Saunders  ( 1941 )  to 
George  MacLane ;  Kathleen  Freeman  (1942) 
to  L.A.C.   David   Bradburv,   R.C.A.F. 


ONTARIO 


Districts  2  and  3 
Kitchener: 
Kitc't.ener  &  Waterloo  Hospital'. 

Miss  Arleeta  Marie  King  (1937)  is  the 
second  twin  city  nurse  to  arrive  in  South 
Africa  to  serve  in  the  South  African  Mili- 
tary Hospitals.  A  native  of  Brantford,  she 
did  private  duty  work  in  Kitchener  after  her 
graduation.  She  took  a  post-graduate  course 
in  surgery  at  the  Toronto  Western  Hospital, 
and  for  the  past  two  years  has  been  operat- 
ing room  supervisor  at  the  K.W.H. 

Miss  Frances  Marion  Oakes  (1930)  has 
arrived  safely  in  England.  Before  going 
overseas  Miss  Oakes  was  Matron-in-Chief, 
R.  C.  A.  F.  Technical  Training  Centre,  St. 
Thoma^. 

Married :  Recentlv,  Miss  Eleanor  Gilmore 
(1938)    to   Mr.   L.   Chappel. 


District  4 
St.  Catharines: 

The  Alumnae  Association  of  the  Mack 
Training  School  (St.  Catharines  General 
Hospital)  held  its  annual  meeting  on  Sep- 
tember 2.  Among  the  items  of  business  dis- 
cussed were  the  helping  with  Navy  League 
ditty  bags,  and  the  plans  for  a  Bureau  of 
Nursing,  which  it  is  hoped  will  soon  be  an 
actuality  in  St.  Catharines.  The  officers 
for  the  ensuing  year  are  as  follows  :  Honour- 
ary  presidents :  ^liss  Anne  Wright.  Miss 
Margaret  Kelman.  Miss  Margaret  Hughes, 
Miss  Eugenie  Hibbard;  president,  }.Uss 
Evelyn  Buchanan ;  first  vice-president.  Miss 
Reta  Fowler ;  second  vice-president.  Miss 
D.  Colvin ;  secretary.  Miss  Wyanona  Sayers ; 
treasurer.  Miss  Evelyn  Dougher ;  program 
convener,  Miss  Janet  Turner;  social  con- 
vener, Mrs.  Michael  Zaritsky ;  flower  con- 
vener, Miss  Louis  Koltmeier;  visiting.  Miss 
Stella  Murray ;  press.  Miss  Helen  Brown ; 
representative  to  The  Canadian  Xursc,  Miss 
Marguerite  Moulton ;  advisory  committee : 
Mrs.  James  Parnell,  Mrs.  Charles  Hesburn. 

The  School  was  proud  to  share  in  the 
honour  which  came  to  a  graduate  of  the 
Class   of    1897,    Miss    Emma    Roberts,    upon 

OCTOBER,   1942 


PRESCRIBED    FOR    THE 

RELIEF    OF    PAIN    FOR 

OVER    20    YEARS 

Not  only  hold  the  confidence  of  dentists 
and  doctors  but  of  their  patients  as  well. 

Each  tablet  contains  3Vi  gr.  Acetophen 
(Acetylsalicylic  Acid  "Frosst"),  2V2  gr. 
Phenacetin,  Vi  gr.  Caffeine  citrate.  The  tab- 
lets dissolve  quickly,  promoting  rapid  ab- 
sorbtion  and  prompt  relief. 

DOSAGE: 

One  tablet  with  water,  two  or  three  times 
daily  as  required. 

MODES  OF  ISSUE: 

Tubes  of  12.  Bottles  of  40  and  100. 


S^lOddt 


The   Canadian  Mark   of  Quality 
Pfwrmaceuticals  since    1899. 


&iaJik&&.^/ioi>iitSc(Bo. 


Montreal 


Canada 


WHERE  QUALITY  AND  PRICE  ARE  EQUAL 

OR    BETTER    PRESCRIBE    CANADIAN 

PRODUCTS 


810 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


^a  "le^M/pitke  Afifieiite  o^ 


CONVALESCENTS 


Suffed  RENNET-CUSTARDS 

#  Often  it  is  a  problem  to  include 
foods  in  the  diet  which  appeal  to 
a  convalescent  appetite,  and  at 
the  same  time  are  easily  digested 
and  nourishing.  Rennet-custards 
made  with  the  6  flavors  of 
"JUNKET"  RENNET  POWDER 
provide  dozens  of  delightful  varia- 
tions, and  often  are  the  means  of 
adding  important  nourishment. 

•  R  6  C  .  .  .  Ask  on  your  letterhead  for 
our  new  book:  "Dietary  Uses  of  Rennet- 
Custards",  and  for  samples  of  "Junket" 
Food  Products. 

"THE  *JUNKET'  FOLKS" 

Chr.  Hansen's  Laboratory,  Toronto/  Ont. 


£|UNKET^^ 

^^  TRADE-MARK 

REHNET  POWDER 


For  Those 
Who  Prefer  The  Best 


WHITE  TUBE  CREAM 

will 
Moke  Your  Shoes  Last  Longer 

Give    A    Whiter    Finish 

Prove  More  Economical  To  Use. 

Made  in  Canada 

For  Sale  At  All  Good  Shoe  Stores 
From    Coast   to   Coast. 


whom  the  honourary  degree  of  Master  of 
Science  was  conferred  by  the  University 
of  Toledo,  earlier  in  the  year. 

As  this  autumn  marked  the  fiftieth  an- 
niversary of  two  graduates  of  the  Mack 
Training  School,  plans  had  been  made  to 
celebrate  the  event.  Miss  A.  E.  Hutchison, 
of  Brechin,  Ont.,  a  former  superintendent 
of  the  School,  was  unable  to  be  present,  but 
her  letter  contrasting  the  nursing  conditions 
of  fifty  years  ago,  and  of  today  was  very 
vivid.  Miss  Margaret  Kehnan,  of  Toronto, 
whose  long  years  of  distinguished  service  as 
a  visiting  nurse  are  well  known,  and  whose 
loyalty  and  unfailing  interest  in  her  Alumnae 
Association  are  a  constant  inspiration,  re- 
ceived her  gift  at  the  hands  of  Mrs.  James 
Parnell  and  Miss  Charlotte  Tuck.  She  dis- 
claimed any  credit  for  what  she  has  accom- 
plished, saying  simply  "God  has  given  me 
good  health"  and  wishing  for  all  her  fellow 
graduates  "fifty  years  of  happiness — even 
if  it's  not  all   in  nursing." 

Miss  Wright  paid  tribute  to  the  memory 
of  the  late  Mrs.  Harry  Southcott,  a  member' 
of  the  Board  of  Governors,  and  the  nurses 
stood  silent  in  remembrance  of  one  who  has 
through  the  years  been  a  friend  of  their  pro- 
fession. A  social  hour  followed  at  which 
representatives  from  the  various  groups  as- 
sociated with  the  hospital  came  to  bring 
their  good  wishes  to  Miss  Kelman,  and  the 
m.embers  of  the  Class  of  1942  met  with  the 
group  they  are  so  soon  to  join. 

The  following  marriages  have  recently 
taken  place:  Eleanor  Lamb  (1940)  to 
Joseph  Fawcett ;  Verna  Beard  (1939)  to 
Ward  Hagar;  Edith  Bachert  (1925)  to 
Harry  Fluke;  Dorothy  Harris  (1941)  to 
Lieut.  D.  MacKinnon;  Yvonne  White  (1940) 
to  Dr.  Michael  Zaritsky ;  Donalda  Veale 
(1932)  to  LAC  Frank  Windebank. 


District  5 


Toronto'  Department   of   Health, 
Division  of  Public  Health  Nursing : 

A  great  many  changes  have  taken  place 
in  the  Nursing  Division  of  the  Toronto 
Health  Department.  A  development  of 
outstanding  interest  is  the  nursing  service 
for  secondary  schools.  The  following  nurses 
have  been  assigned  to  service  in  them: 
Grace  Garrow  (Grace  Hospital,  1919),  Ruth 
Kent  (Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  1938),  Mar- 
jorie  Larkin  (St.  Michael's  Hospital,  1924), 
Viola  Copp  (Toronto  General  Hospital, 
1932),  Mary  Swan  (Johns  Hopkins  Hos- 
pital, 1938),  Miss  McGinnis  (Hospital  for 
Sick  Children,  1919),  Pearl  Stiver  (Toronto 
Western      Hospital,      1932),      Clara      Vale 


Vol.  38,  No.  10 


NEWS   NOTES 


811 


(Toronto  General  Hospital,  1923).  Janet 
Davidson  School  of  Nursing,  University  of 
Toronto,  1940),  Louise  Tucker  (School  of 
Nursing,  University  of  Toronto  1936), 
Constance  Nettleton  (Toronto  General  Hos- 
pital, 1919),  and  Muriel  Tait  (Wellesley 
Hospital,  1932).  Several  new^  appointments 
have  occurred  in  the  Nursing  Division: 
Marion  J.  Boaz  (Hospital  for  Sick  Children, 
1930),  Dorothy  L.  Hare  (Toronto  General 
Hospital,  1940),  Ethehvyn  A.  Jeffers  (Hos- 
pital for  Sick  Children,  1941),  Helen  G. 
Morrow  (School  of  Nursing,  University  of 
Toronto.  1941),  Jean  A.  McGillis  (Toronto 
General  Hospital.  1940)  and  Ethel  A.  Rob- 
ertson (Toronto  General  Hospital,  1928). 

Miss  Dorothy  Shantz,  for  seven  years 
assistant  dietitian  at  the  Toronto  General 
Hospital,  has  been  appointed  nutritionist  at- 
tached to  the  Nursing  Division.  Miss  El- 
vira Manning  (Toronto  General  Hospital, 
1920)  resigned  from  the  Nursing  Division 
in  order  to  take  over  the  duties  of  superin- 
tendent of  Junior  Red  Cross  activities  in 
Toronto.  Miss  Manning  succeeds  Miss  Cory 
Taylor  whose  recent  sudden  death  came  as 
a  shock  to  so  many  friends. 


PRINCE  EDWARD  ISLAND 

Charlottetown  : 

The  present  totalitarian  war  with  its 
varied  and  urgent  demands  has  made  the 
nation  realize  that  it  is  not  a  conflict  of 
armies  but  of  individuals  and  groups  of 
individuals.  Problems  which  never  before, 
perhaps,  have  arisen  now  forcibly  present 
themselves  in  this  grave  national  emergency. 
Therefore  it  is  not  surprising  that  the 
nursing  profession  should  not  only  be  in- 
volved but  deeply  concerned  in  supplying 
its  quota  of  endeavour  in  the  particular  and 
necessary  field  of  medical  effort.  Among 
the  many  ways  recommended  by  the  Cana- 
dian Nurses  Association  toward  this  end 
was  one  of  supreme  importance — a  parallel 
to  post-graduate  work  in  the  medical  pro- 
fession— that  of  the  establishment  of  re- 
fresher courses  for  the  benefit  of  both 
active  and   inactive  nurses. 

The  Registered  Nurses  Association  of  the 
smallest  province  wishing  to  perform  its 
small  part  in  the  Dominion-wide  "all-out"' 
effort  aligned  itself  with  the  activities  of 
Nursing  Headquarters  and  inaugurated,  as  a 
war  measure,  a  series  of  lectures  and  dem- 
onstrations so  that  active  and  inactive  nurses 
might  refresh  themselves  in  medical  and  sur- 
gical knowledge  already  acquired  and  at  the 
same  time  become  acquainted  with  newer 
methods  of  practice.  The  first  of  this  series 
was  opened  in  Charlottetown  at  the  P.E.I. 
Hospital.  It  was  especially  gratifying  to  ob- 
serve the  interest  shown  in  the  movement  by 

OCTOBER,  1942 


N6W  under-arm 

Cream  Deodorant 

safely 

Stops  Perspiration 


/■ 


1.  Does  not  harm  dresses  —  does  not 
irritate  skin. 

2.  No  waiting  to  dry.  Can  be  used 
right  after  shaving. 

3.  Instantly  checks  perspiration  for  1 
to  3  days.  Removes  odor  from 
perspiration. 

4.  A  pure  white,  greaseiess,  stainless 
vanishing  cream. 

5.  ArriJ  has  been  awarded  the 
Approval  Seal  of  the  American 
Institute  of  Laundering,  for  being 
harmless  to  fabrics. 


Arrid  is  the  LARGEST 
SELLING  DEODOR- 
ANT. .  .Try  a  jar  today 
...  at  any  store  which 
sells  toilet  goods. 


ARRID 


oV^   a  iar 


AT  ALL  STORES  WHICH  SELL  TOILET  GOODS 
(Also  in  15  cent  and  59  cent  jars) 


812 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


WRIGHT    &    MONTAG'S 

MATERIA  MEDICA  PHARMACOLOGY 

AND    THERAPEUTICS 

For  the  NEW  (2nd)  EDITION,  the  authors 
thoroughly  revised  this  textbook  to  bring  it 
fully  up-to-date.  Drugs  are  included  which 
were  not  in  the  previous  edition,  more 
complete  descriptions  are  given  of  some  of 
the  older  drugs  and  contraindications  of 
the  use  of  the  more  important  drugs  are 
listed.  There  is  a  new  discussion  of  ergot, 
a  revised  and  expanded  section  on  o.xygen 
therapy,  and  revised  considerations  of  more 
than  30  other  subjects.  The  glossary  has 
been  expanded  and  the  authors  have  in- 
cluded several  new  illustrations.  647  pages, 
illustrated.   S3.50. 

McAinsh  &  Co.  Limited 

Dealers  in  Good  Books  Since  1885 
388   Yonge  St.  Toronto 


DOCTORS'  and   NURSES' 
DIRECTORY 

212  Balmoral  St.,  Winnipeg 

A  Directory  for: 

Doctors,  and  Registered  Nurses 

Victorian  Order  of  Nurses 

(night  calls,  Sundays,  and  holidays 

ONLY) 

Practical  Nurses 

Twenty-four  hour  service. 

p.  Brownell,    Reg.    N.,    Registrar 


:^  f  mx\ 


Be  identified  by  Cash's  special  style  D-54 
woven  name  on  wider  tape,  on  your  sleeve 
or  pocket.  Special  price  to  hospitals  —  $1 
for  minimum  order  of  1  doz.  Reduction 
for  quantities  of  three   dozen   and  over. 

CASH'S,    232    Grier    St.,    Belleville.    Ont. 


^T 


30 


Men  tholatum 
quickly  soothes 
nasal  irritation  . . . 
I  relieves  sniffling 
and  sneezing  .  .  . 
clears  the  nose  and 
keeps  it  clear.  Jars 
and  tubes,  30c. 

IBM 


HENTHOIATUM 

Gives  COMFORT  Daily 


the  large  representation  of  married  nurses 
present.  The  course  was  so  arranged  as  to 
provide  a  good  working  knowledge  such  as 
might  be  required  to  meet  the  needs  in  the 
event  of  an  epidemic  or  emergency.  A  com- 
prehensive survey  of  tuberculosis  and  its 
nursing  care  was  given  by  Dr.  E.  M.  Found, 
assistant  superintdeent  of  the  Provincial  Sa- 
natormm  and  Miss  Barbara  Smith  res- 
pectively. The  medical  aspect  of  meningitis 
and  poliomyelitis  were  comprehensively 
dealt  with  by  Dr.  J.  W.  MacKenzie,  while 
the  nursing  care  of  these  diseases  were  dis- 
cussed by  Mrs.  Lois  MacDonald  and  Miss 
Katharine  MacLennan.  The  treatment,  care 
and  management  of  burns  are  topics  of 
numerous  articles  in  medical  literature  since 
the  beginning  of  hostilities  and  their  im- 
portance were  duly  recognized  in  well  plan- 
ned lectures  by  Dr.  J.  A.  MacMillan  and 
Sr.  Mary  Angela.  The  value  of  blood  plas- 
ma was  the  subject  of  a  talk  by  Miss  Annie 
McEachern.  Food  facts  and  fallacies  were 
presented  by  Rev.  Mother  Loyola ;  reduction 
and  other  diets  by  Miss  Marjorie  Chandler; 
and  instruction  to  a  diabetic  was  demons- 
trated by  Mrs.  Marjorie  MacQuarrie.  First 
aid  talks  by  Mrs.  Ina  Beer,  public  health 
nurse,  and  a  demonstration  of  the  use  of  the 
respirator  brought  the  course  to  a  close. 
It  must  be  freely  admitted  that  such  courses 
held  throughout  Canada  cannot  help  but  be 
of  inestimable  value  to  the  nursing  profes- 
sion in  this  time  of  stress. 


QUEBEC 


Montreal; 


Montreal  General  Hosfital: 

Miss  Margaret  Carson  (1937)  has  ac- 
cepted the  position  of  instructress  at  the 
Roval  Columbian  Hospital,  New  Westmins- 
ter,' B.C.  Miss  Jean  Hall  (1942)  has  been  ap- 
pointed to  the  staff  of  the  Central  Division. 
Miss  Lowten  French  (1926)  is  doing  indus- 
trial nursing  with  the  National   Breweries. 

The  following  marriages  have  recently 
taken  place:  Jean  W.  McNair  (1940)  to 
Flight  Lieut.  Norman  Brown,  R.C.A.F. ; 
Dorothy  M.  Alimms  (1935)  to  Walter  R. 
Girling. 

Royal  Victoria  Hospital: 

Word  has  been  received  by  her  parents 
that  Miss  Gladys  Collard  (1939)  is  a 
prisoner  in  Hong  Kong.  Miss  Nancy  Hurst. 
Miss  Cathryn  Cummings,  Miss  Helen  Perry, 
and  Miss  Mary  Harling  are  taking  post- 
graduate courses  at  the  AIcGill  School  for 
Graduate  Nurses.  Miss  Adelaide  Haggart 
(1937)  has  been  added  to  the  teaching  staff. 

Vol.  38.  No.   10 


NEWS    NOTES 


813 


The  following  marriages  have  recently 
taken  place:  Phyllis  Crabtree  (1941)  to 
Albert  Lee  Pomeroy ;  Edith  Harding  (1931) 
to  Rev.  Randall  Stringer ;  Marion  Steeves 
(1940)   to  Dr.   Warren  Smith. 

McGill  School  for   Graduate   Nurses: 

Mrs.  Veronique  E.  LeBlond  (P.H.X., 
1938)  has  been  granted  leave  of  absence 
from  the  City  of  Westmount,  Montreal, 
where  she  was  engaged  as  school  nurse,  and 
is  now  serving  with  No.  17  Canadian  Gen- 
eral Hospital.  French-Canadian  Unit,  R.C. 
A.M.C.  Miss  Elsie  King  (P.H.X..  1937) 
has  resigned  from  the  staff  of  the  \'.0.N., 
Montreal,  and  is  now  on  the  staff  of  the 
Protestant    Foster    Home   Centre,    Montreal. 

Recent  visitors  to  the  School  included : 
Miss  Alice  Palmquist  (T.  &  S.,  1940),  Miss 
Lillian  Baird  (P.H.X..  1940).  Miss  Helen 
M.  C.  Saunders  (P.H.X.,  1936),  Miss  Mar- 
tha Earle  (P.H.N.,  1940),  Miss  Laura 
Lambe  (T.  &  S.,  1936),  and  Mrs.  Smith 
(Elizabeth    Matheson.   Teaching,    1922). 

Quebec  City: 

Married :  Recently,  Miss  Eva  ^Mackenzie 
(Jeffery  Hale's  Hospital)  to  Mr.  Rufus 
Cromwell. 


SASKATCHEWAN 


Saskatoon  : 

The  appointment  of  Matron  Dorothy 
Mary  Riches  to  be  a  Principal  Matron  has 
been  announced.  Miss  Riches  is  a  graduate 
of  the  University  of  Saskatchewan  and  re- 
ceived her  training  at  the  Royal  Victoria 
Hospital,  Montreal  where  she  was  head 
nurse  of  the  women's  medical  ward  for  three 
years.  Following  a  post-graduate  course  in 
teaching  and  supervision  at  the  McGill 
School  for  Graduate  X'urses,  Miss  Riches 
accepted  a  position  as  instructor  of  nurses 
in  the  Royal  Jubilee  Hospital,  \'ictoria. 
When  Xo.  8  General  Hospital  Unit  was  or- 
ganized in  Saskatchewan.  Miss  Riches  re- 
signed from  the  R.  J.  H.  and  returned  to 
Saskatchewan  to  join  the  Unit  as  a  Xursing 
Sister. 

The  following  staff  members  of  the  City 
Hospital  have  left  to  assume  post-graduate 
study  in  the  East:  Alice  Robinson  (1938), 
operating  room  technique.  Royal  \"ictoria 
Hospital,  Montreal :  Margaret  Wilker 
(1941),  teaching  and  supervision,  McGill 
School  for  Graduate  Xurses ;  Xorma  Wvlie 
(1941).  Kathleen  DeMarsh  (1941).  and 
Beatrice  Marshall  (R.A.H.,  Edmonton. 
1939)  :  teaching  and  supervision,  School  of 
Xursing,  L'niversity  of  Toronto. 


When 

First 

Real 

Meals 

Upset 

Baby 


About  75  per  cent  of  babies  are  allerjric  to 
one  food  or  another  say  authorities.  Which 
agrees  and  which  does  not  can  only  be  de- 
termined by  method  of  trial.  In  case  such 
allergic  symptoms  as  skin  rash,  colic,  gas, 
diarrhea,  etc.  develop.  Baby's  Own  Tablets 
will  be  found  most  effective  in  quickly  free- 
ing baby's  delicate  digestive  tract  of  irrita- 
ting accumulations  and  wastes.  These  time- 
proven  tablet  triturates  are  gentle  —  war- 
ranted free  from  narcotics  —  and  over  40 
years  of  use  have  established  their  depend- 
ability for  minor  upsets  of  babyhood. 


BABYS  OWN  Tablets 


EMERGENCY  CARE 

By  Marie  A.  Wooders  and  Donald  A. 
Curtis.  This  new  book  is  particularly 
timely,  being  excellently  adapted  for 
first  aid  and  A.R.P.  courses.  Contents 
include :  artificial  respiration,  shock, 
hemorrhage,  poisons,  dislocations,  frac- 
tures, motor  vehicle  accidents,  chemical 
warfare,  principles  of  evacuation,  air 
raid  precautions,  field  sanitary  mea- 
sures, evacuation  of  wounded  by  air, 
protection  against  explosive  bombs,  in- 
cendiary  bombs,   etc.    $4.40 

COMMUNICABLE  DISEASES 

By    Nina    D.    Gage   and    J.    F.    Landon. 

A  clear,  concise,  comprehensive  text 
covering  all  the  imporfant  features  of 
common  contagious  diseases.  Nursing 
care  of  each  disease  is  given,  as  well 
as  descriptions  of  the  course  of  various 
communicable  diseases  and  methods  of 
treatment.    Second    edition,    1940.    S4.40 

THE  RYERSON   PRESS 

TORONTO 


OCTOBER,   1942 


.    .    .    OFF  .    .    .DUTY  .    .    . 


In  these  stirring  times  . . .  one  sometimes  feels  the  need  of  a  temporary 
escape  into  a  peaceful  retreat  .  .  .  where  one  could  let  the  world  go  by  .  .  . 
For  moist  of  us  this  remains  a  dream  .  .  .  but  the  other  day  ive  heard  of  a 
sort  of  private  Shangri-la  which  set  us  thinking  .  .  .  It  seems  that  two  of 
our  contemporaries  cherish  a  Spartan  concept  which  has  been  a  great  com- 
fort to  them  through  the  years  .  .  .  When  they  were  young^  they  shared  the 
salutary  experience  of  living  in  a  very  lonely  place  with  a  beautiful  Indian 
name  that  unfortunately  just  means  Wild  Cat  Lake  .  .  .  No  telephones,  no 
radios,  not  even  any  raihvays  .  .  .  Journeys  in  summer  were  made  in  birch- 
bark  canoes  and  Wild  Cat  Lake  often  lived  up  to  its  name  .  .  .  In  winter 
they  sallied  forth  on  snotv shoes  .  .  .  or  got  a  ride  behind  a  team  of  husky 
dogs  .  .  .  Full  of  life  and  energy,  they  soon  escaped  from  this  environment 
.  .  .  and  led  fairly  strenuous  lives  in  different  parts  of  the  great  world 
outside  .  .  .  But  there  came  a  time  when  they  began  to  see  that  life  on  Wild 
Cat  Lake  had  a  dignity  and  a  beauty  of  its  own  .  .  .  It  had  given  them  all 
the  simple  things  they  needed  .  .  .  food  and  shelter  .  .  .  books  'and  music  .  .  . 
the  sound  of  lake  water  on  the  stones  and  the  wind  in  the  pines  .  .  .  The 
grace  and  comfort  of  daily  life  had  been  theirs  because  each  had  her  special 
skill  .  .  .  one  had  a  light  hand  with  home-made  bread  .  .  .  and  the  other 
could  fry  venison  to  perfection  .  .  .  One  could  chop  down  a  dead  tree  and 
have  it  fall  just  where  she  wanted  it  .  .  .  the  other  was  good  with  a  buck- 
saw .  .  .  One  hated  filling  the  kerosene  lamps  .  .  .  so  she  offered  to  clean 
the  fish  instead  .  .  .  As  the  years  went  by  .  .  .  our  friends  sometimes  found 
the  going  a  bit  hard  .  .  .  and  when  this  happened  one  would  write  to  the 
other  and  say  "What  about  going  back  to  Wild  Cat  Lake?"  .  .  .  Fortunately 
this  idea  never  seemed  to  appeal  to  both  of  them  at  the  same  time  .  .  .  and 
so  neither  of  them  ever  gave  up  a  hard  job  because  things  weren't  going 
well  .  .  .  Perhaps  they  couldn't  afford  to  anyway,  either  in  terms  of  money 
or  self-respect .  .  .  Yet  they  never  forgot  that  the  lake  was  still  there,  wait- 
ing for  them  to  conne  home  . . .  This  surmner  they  went  to  take  a  look  at  it . ., 
and  found  that  there  are  lots  of  big  fish  .  .  .  a7id  that  the  blueberries  ivere 
plentiful .  .  .  though  the  water  was  too  high  for  the  ivild  rice  to  do  well .  .  .. 
They  are  a  bit  doubtful  now  about  their  skill  with  axe  and  saw  .  .  .  but  it 
seems  there  are  still  some  Indians  about  who  ivould  chop  up  enough  fire- 
icood  to  keep  them  warm  in  the  winter  .  .  .  They  looked  so  happy  that  we 
asked  them  whether  we  might  go  with  them  someday  .  .  .  on  a  self-sustain- 
ing basis  .  .  .  They  seemed  a  bit  dubious  .  .  .  "Could  you  skin  a  rabbit?" 
they  said  sternly  .  .  .  "Not  very  well,"  tue  admitted  sadly  .  .  .  "but  we  can 
fish  through  a  hole  in  the  ice"  .  .  .  They  said  they  would  think  it  over  and 
let  us  knew  . .  .  but  we  haven't  heard  from  them,  yet ...  —  E.J. 

814  Vol.  38.  No.   10 


Official  Directory 

International  Council  of  Nurses 
Acting  Executive   Secretary,   Miss  Calista   F.   Banwarth,    310   Cedar   Street,    New   Haven 

Connecticut,  U.S.A. 

THE  CANADIAN  NURSES  ASSOCIATION 

President    Miss  Marion  Lindeburgh,   3466   University  St.,  Montreal,  P.  Q. 

Past  President     Miss  Grace  M.  Fairley,  Vancouver  General  Hospital,  Vancouver,  B.C. 

First  Vice-President     Miss   Marjorie   Buck,   Norfolk   General   Hospital,   Sinicoe,   Ont. 

Second  Vice-President     Miss  Fanny  Munroe,  Royal  Victoria  Hospital,   Montreal,  P.  Q. 

Honourary  Secretary       Miss   Rae   Chittick,    815 — 18th   Ave.   W.,    Calgary,    Alta. 

Honourary   Treasurer      Miss  Marjorie  Jenkins,   Children's   Hospital,    Halifax,   N.S. 

COUNCILLORS  AND   OTHER   MEMBERS  OF   EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 

NutneraU   indicate   office   held:    (1)    President,    Provincial    Nurses    Association; 

(t)Ckairman,  Hotpital  and  School  of  Nursing  Section;   (8)   Chairman,  Public 

Health    Section;     (i)    Chairman,    General    Nursing    Section. 

Alberta:    (1)    Miss    Rae    Chittick,    8l5-18th    Ave..  D.  Acton.  Kingston  General  Hospital;   (3)  Misa 

W.,   Calgai-y;    (2)    Miss   Gena   Bamforth,   Royal  Winnifred    Ashplant,    807    Waterloo    St.,    Lon- 

Alexandra      Hospital,      Edmonton;       (3)     Miss  don;     14)    Miss    Dorothy    Ogilvie,    34    Gilchrist 

Helen    Garfield.    713-3rd    St.    E.,    Calgary;    (4)  St.,    Ottawa. 

Miss  Gertrude  M.  B.  Thorne,  332-2lst  Ave.  W.,  p^i„^g   Edward   Island:    (1)    Miss    K.   MacLennan, 

CalgaiT-  Provincial      Sanatorium,      Charlottetown ;      (2) 

„  ..  ,    ^  ,      ..       ,,s  xtt      \i    n  ee-  u    ,am,  \Tr    t  Sr.    St.    John    the    Baptist,    St.    Vincent's    Or- 

British  Columbia:   (1)  Miss  M    Duf field.  1675  West  phanage.  Charlottetown;    (3)  Miss  Mary  Leslie, 

10th  Ave.,  \ancouver;^2)  Miss  F    McQuarne,  Montague;     (4)    Miss    Eileen    McGough,    152J^ 

Vancouver    General     Hospital;     (3)     Miss     F.  g^    ^^          St.,  Charlottetown. 
.r.nes,   1922   Adanac  St.,   Vancouver;    (4)    Mrs. 

E.  B.  Thomson,  1095  West  14th  St.,  Vancouver.  Quebec:  (l)  Miss  Eileen  Flanagan,  3801  Uni- 
....  ,,v  »r  »  ^  ».  i:.  V  -J  ,,o  r.  versity  St.,  Montreal;  (2)  Miss  Winnifred  Mac- 
Manitoba:  '1)  Mrs.  A.  C.  McFetridge.  418  Camp-  Lean.  Royal  Victoria  Hospital.  Montreal;  (3) 
S?'.L^*-',  Winnipeg;  (2)  Miss  D.  Ditchfield.  mjss  Kathleen  Dickson.  Royal  Edward  Insti- 
Children's  Hospital,  Winnipeg;  (3)  Miss  E.  tute,  Montreal;  (4)  Miss  Anne-Marie  Robert, 
Rowlett,  125  Nassau  St.,  Winnipeg;  (4)  Miss  5484A  St.  Denis  St.,  Montreal. 
E.    Campbell,    778    Ingersoll    St.,    Winnipeg. 

Saskatchewan:  (1)  Miss  M.  R.  Diederichs,  Grey 
New  Brunswick:  (1)  Sister  Kerr.  Hotel  Dleu  Nuns'  Hospital,  Regina;  (2)  Rev.  Sister  Man- 
Hospital,  Campbellton;  (2)  Misa  Marlon  Myers,  din.  St.  Paul's  Hospital  Saskatoon;  (3)  Miss 
Saint  John  General  Hospital;  (3)  Miss  A.  A.  (Jladys  McDonald,  6  Mayfair  Apts.,  Regina; 
Burns,  Health  Centre,  Saint  John;  (4)  Miss  u)  Miss  M.  R.  Chisholm,  805-7th  Ave.  N., 
Myrtle   E-   Kay,   21    Austin   St..  Moncton.  Saskatoon. 

Nova  Scotia:  (1)  Miss  M.  Jenkins,  Children's  Chairmen,  National  Sections:  Hospital  and  School 
Hospital,  Halifax;  (2)  Sister  Mary  Peter,  St.  of  ^i*";*'?,?;.]^^'^^  ^'"^™  L.  Gibson  Hospital 
Martha's  Hospital,  Antigonish;  (3)  Miss  Jean  for  Sick  Children,  Toronto,  Ont.  Public  Health: 
Forbes,  314  Rov  Bldg.,  Halifax;  (4)  Miss  M.  ^'ss  Lyle  Creelman,  2570  Spruce  St.,  Van- 
Ripley,  46  Dublin  St.,  Halifax.  couver,  B.C.  General  Nursing:  Miss  Madalene 
^  Baker,  249  Victoria  St.,  London,  Ont.  Con- 
Ontario:  '1)  Miss  Mildred  I.  Walker,  Institute  vener,  Committee  on  Nursing  Education:  Miss 
of    Public    Health,    London;    '2)    Miss    Louise  E.  K.  Russell,  7  Queen's  Park.  Toronto.  Ont. 

Executive  Secretary:   Misa  Jean  S.  Wilton,   National   Offica,   1411    Crescent  St.,   Montreal,   P.Q. 
OFFICERS   OF   SECTIONS   OF    CANADIAN    NURSES    ASSOCIATION 

Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing  Section  Councillors:  Alberta:  Miss  G.  M.  B.  Thorne, 
*^  332-21st  Ave.  W.,  Calgary.  British  Columbia: 
Chairman:  Miss  Miriam  L.  Gibson,  Hospital  for  Mrs.  E.  B  Thomson  1095  West  14th  St.,  Van- 
Sick  Children,  Toronto,  Ont.  First  Vice-Chair-  couver.  Manitoba:  Miss  E.  Campbell,  778  In- 
man:  Miss  Eva  McNally,  General  Hospital.  ?f  ^?,"  ^*V- ^'"o"'Pa^- .• '^f.'f  Bjuns^'^I':  Miss 
Brandon,  Man.  Second  Vice-Chairman :  Miss  M.  Myrtle  E.  Kay,  21  Austin  St.,  Moncton.  Nova 
Batson,  Montreal  General  Hospital.  Secretary-  Scotia:  Miss  M.  Ripley,  46  Dublin  St.,  Halifax. 
Treasurer:  Miss  Flora  MacLellan,  Ontario  Hos-  Ontario:  Miss  D.  Ogilvie,  34  Gilchrist  Ave.,  Ot- 
pital,   New   Toronto,    Ont.    *  tawa.  Pnnce  Edward  Island:  Miss    E.    McGough, 

1521/^   St.   George  St.,   Charlottetown.       Quebec: 

r>                         i.L            nj    „    ri     n^^t^^u     o«,.„i  Miss   A.   M.   Robert,   5484A  St.   Denis  St.,   Mon- 

CouNciLLORs:   Alberta:    Miss   G    Bamforth,   Royal  ^^^^j      Saskatchewan:     Miss     M.     R.     Chisholm, 

Alexandra        Hospital,        Edmonton.        British  sn-s^th    Avp    V      Saskitnnn 

Columbia:  Miss  F.  McQuarrie,  Vancouver  Gen-  805  7tn  A^e.  N.,  baskatoon. 

eral    Hospital.     Manitoba:    Miss    D.    Ditchf-eld,  Public   Health   Section 
Children  s   Hospital,   AA  innipeg.   New  Brunswick: 

Miss   Marion   Myers,   Saint  John    General   Hos-  Chairman:    Miss    L.    Creelman,    2570    Spruce    St., 

pital.      Nova     Scotia:      Sr.     Mary     Peter,     St.  Vancouver,     B.     C.     Vice-Chairman:     Mile     A. 

Martha's    Hospital,    Antigonish.    Ontario:    Miss  Martineau.    Dept.    of    Health,    Montreal,    P.    Q. 

L.  D.  Acton,  Kingston  General  Hospital.  Prince  Secretary-Treasurer:     Mrs.     G.     Langton,     Uni- 

Edward    Island:    Sr.    St.    John    the    Baptist,    St.  versity   of   British   Columbia.   Vancouver.   B.   C. 

Vincent's   Orphanage.    Charlottetown.     Quebec:  Councillors:   Alberta:    Miss   Helen    Garfield,   713- 

Miss  Winnifred  MacLean,   Royal  Victoria  Hos-  3rd    St.    E.,    Calgary.     British    Columbia:    Miss 

pital,    Montreal.      Saskatchewan:    Rev.    Sr.    Man-  F-      Innes,      1922      Adanac      St.,      Vancouver, 

din,    St.    Paul's    Hospital.    Saskatoon.  Manitoba:    Miss    E.    Rowlett,    125    Nassau    St., 

Winnipeg.       New    Brunswick:     Miss     A.     Bums, 

f^^^^l    Murtirtr    ^^rtinn  Health      Centre,     Saint      John.        Nova    Scotia: 

(general   Nurstng  :>ectton  ^^^^^    ^^^^    Forbes,    314    Roy    Bldg.,    Halifax. 

Chairman:  Miss  M.  Baker,  249  Victoria  St.,  Lon-  Ontario:    Miss  W.   Ashplant,    807   Waterloo  St., 

don,  Ont.  First  Vice-Chairman:  Miss  P.  Brown-  London.      Prmce    Edward    Island:     Miss    Mary 

ell,   212   Balmoral   St.,    Winnipeg,   Man.   Second  Leslie,     Montague.       Quebec:     Miss     Kathleen 

Vice-chairman:  Miss  M.  McMullen,  St.  Stephen.  Dickson,    Royal    Edward    Institute,    Montreal. 

N.B.  Secretary-Treasurer;  Miss  A.  Conroy,  404  Saskatchewan:  Miss  Gladys  McDonald,   6  Mayfair 

Regent   St.,   London,  Ont.  Apts.,  Regina. 

819 


Provincial  Associations  of  Registered  Nurses 


ALBERTA 

Alberta     Association     cf     Registered     Nim«t 

Pres.,  Miss  Rae  Chittick,  813-l8th  Ave.  W., 
Calgary;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Catherine  M. 
Clibborn,  University  of  Alberta  Hospital,  Ed- 
monton ;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Sister  M.  Beatrice,  St. 
Michael's  Hospital,  Lethbridge;  Sec-  Treas.  & 
Registrar,  Mrs.  A.  E.  Vango,  St.  Stephen's  Col- 
lege, Edmonton;  Councillors:  Miss  B.  A.  Beattie, 
Provincial  Mental  Hospital,  Ponoka,  Miss  G. 
Bamforth,  Miss  H.  M.  Garfield.  Miss  A.  J.  Carl- 
son ;  Chairmen  of  Sections :  Hospital  &  School 
of  Nursing  Miss  Gena  Bamforth,  Royal  Alex- 
andra Hospital,  Edmonton ;  Public  Health,  Miss 
Helen  M.  Garfield,  7l3-3rd  St.  E.,  Calgary; 
General  yursiiig.  Miss  Gertrude  Thorne,  332-21 
Ave.,  W.,  Calgary;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian 
Nurse,  Miss  Violet  Chapman,  Royal  Alexandra 
Hospital,   Edmonton. 

Ponoka     District,     No.     2,     Alberta     Association     of 
Registered   Nurses 

Chairman,  Miss  Margaret  McLean ;  Vice-Chair- 
man.  Miss  Karen  Westerlund;  Secretary-Treas- 
urer, Miss  Margaret  Tamblyn,  Provincial  Mental 
Hospital,  Ponoka;  Representative  to  The  Cana- 
dian Nurse,   Miss  Nessa   Leckie. 

Calgary    District,    No.    3,    Alberta    Association    of 
Registered    Nurses 

Chairman,  Miss  Kathleen  Connor,  Central 
Alberta  Sanatorium;  Vice-Chairman,  Miss  M. 
Deane-Freeman ;  Secretary,  Miss  M.  Richards, 
Holy  Cross  Hospital,  Calgary;  Treasurer,  Miss 
M.  Watt;  Conveners  of  Sections:  Hospital  & 
School  of  Nursing,  Miss  J.  Connal;  Public 
Health,  Miss  A.  Dick;  General  Nursing,  Miss 
G.    Thorne. 

Medicine    Hat   District,    No.    4,    Alberta    Association 
of    Registered    Nurses 

Pres.,  Miss  C.  E.  Mary  Rowles.  M.H.  General 
Hospital;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Hagerman, 
Y.W.C.A.;  Sec.-Treas.  Miss  M.M.  Webster,  558 
Fourth  St.;  Entertainment  Committee:  Miss 
Green,  Miss  Weeks.  Mrs.  D.  Fawcett;  Convener 
&  Treas.  of  Social  Service  Dept.,  Mrs.  G.  Crock- 
ford;  Representatives  to:  Red  Cross:  Misses  J. 
Lus,   E.  Sengh;   War  Council,  Miss  L.  Green. 

Edmonton    District,    No.    7,    Alberta    Association    of 
Registered   Nurses 

Chairman.  Miss  I.  Johnson;  First  Vlce-Chalr- 
man,  Mrs.  O.  Porritt;  Sec.  Vice-Chairman,  Rev. 
Sr.  Clotilda;  Sec,  Miss  G.  Bamforth,  Royal 
Alexandra  Hospital.  Edmonton;  Treas.,  Miss  V 
Leadlav;  Committee  Conveners:  Program,  Miss 
H.  McArthur;  Membership,  Miss  Lindsay;  Reps. 
to:  Local  Council  of  Women,  Miss  V.  Chap- 
man ;   The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  G.   Vicars. 

Lethbridge    District,    No.    8,    Alberta    Association    of 
Registered    Nurses 

Chairman.  Miss  Jean  MacKenzle,  1120  Sixth 
Avenue.  South,  Lethbridge;  Vice-Chairman.  Miss 
Ann  Kostuik;  Secretary',  Miss  Marjorie  Bair, 
Gait  Hospital,  Lethbridge;  Treasurer,  Miss  Ruth 
Hooper. 

BRITISH   COLUMBIA 

Registered    Nurses    Association    of    British    Columbia 

Pres..  Miss  M.  Duffield,  1675-lOth  Ave.  W., 
Vancouver:  Fij.st  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  .M.  E.  Kerr; 
Sec.    Vice-Pres.,    Miss    G.    M.    Fairley;    Sec.    Miss 


P.  Capelle,  Rm.  1012,  Vancouver  Bk>ck,  Van- 
couver; Registrar.  .M.ss  Evelyn  Mallory,  Rm. 
1012,  Vancouver  Block,  Vancouver:  CoiinriUors: 
Miss  E.  Clark.  Miss  L.  Creelman,  Sr.  Colum- 
kille,  Sr.  M.  Gregory,  Miss  F.  H.  Walker;  Con- 
veners of  Sections:  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing, 
Miss  F.  McQuarrie.  Vancouver  General  Hospital; 
Public  Health,  Miss  F.  Innes,  1922  Adanac  St. 
Vancouver:  General  Nursing,  Mrs.  E.  B.  Thom- 
son, 1095  W.  14.th  Ave.,  Vancouver;  Press,  Miss 
M.    E.    Macdonell,    2570   Spruce    St.,    Vancouver. 

MANITOBA 

Manitoba  Association  of  Registered  Nurses 
Pres..  Mrs.  A.  C.  McFetridge,  418  Campbell 
St.  Winnipeg;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  E.  McNally, 
Brandon  General  Hospital:  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss 
L  McDiarmid.  363  Langside  St.,  Winnipeg; 
Board  Members:  Miss  L.  Stewart,  168  Chest- 
nut St.  Winnipeg;  Miss  H.  Coram,  172  Chest- 
nut St.  Winnipeg;  Miss  P.  Hart,  320  Sherbrooke 
St.,  Winnipeg;  Miss  C.  Lynch,  Winnipeg  General 
Hospital;  Miss  L.  Nordquist,  Carman  General 
Hospital;  Miss  A.  McKee.  604  Medical  Arts 
Bldg.,  Winnipeg;  Mrs.  F.  Wagner,  Grace  Hos- 
pital, Winnipeg;  Miss  A.  O'Brien,  Souris  &  Glen- 
wood  Memorial  Hospital ;  Rev.  Sister  Clermont, 
St.  Boniface  Hospital;  Conveners  of  Sections: 
Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  D.  Ditchfield, 
Children's  Hospital,  Winnipeg;  Public  Health, 
Miss  E.  Rowlett.  125  Nassau  St.  Winnipeg; 
General  Nursing,  Miss  E.  Campbell.  778  Inger- 
soll  St.,  Winnipeg;  Committee  Conveners:  Instruc- 
tors Group,  Miss  A.  Carpenter,  Children's  Hos- 
pital, Winnipeg;  Social,  Mrs.  W.  S.  McElheran, 
969  Dominion  St.,  Winnipeg;  Legislative,  Miss 
E.  Wilson,  668  Bannatyne  Ave.,  Winnipeg; 
Membership,  Miss  D.  Earle,  Victoria  Hospital 
Winnipeg;  F.N.M.  Loan  Fund,  Miss  Z.  Beattie, 
St.  Boniface  Hospital;  Directory,  Miss  Besant, 
Victoria  Hospital,  Winnipeg;  British  Nurses  Re- 
lief Fund,  Mrs.  T.  Hulme,  20  Waldron  Apts. 
Winnipeg;  Visiting,  Mrs.  W.  Hryiiorchuk,  Grace 
Hospital,  Winnipeg;  Representatives  to:  Council 
of  Social  Agencies,  Miss  F.  Robertson,  753  Wolse- 
ley  Ave.,  Winnipeg;  Red  Cross,  Miss  C.  Maddin 
187  Kennedy  St.,  Winnipeg;  The  Canadian  Nurse, 
Miss  L.  Stewart,  168  Chestnut  St.,  Winnipeg; 
Local  Council  of  Women,  Mrs.  B.  Moffatt,  1183 
Dorchester  Ave.,  Winnipeg;  Executive  Secretary 
and  School  of  Nursing  Advisor.  Miss  Gertrude 
Hall,    212    Balmoral    St.,    Winnipeg. 

NEW   BRUNSWICK 

New  Brunswick  Association  of  Registered  Nurs«« 
Pres..  Sister  Kerr,  Hotel  Dieu  Hospital, 
Campbellton;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  A.  J.  Mac- 
Master;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  L.  Smith;  Hon. 
Sec,  Miss  L.  Bartsch;  Councillors:  Mrs.  G.  E. 
van  Dorsser,  Saint  John ;  Miss  D.  Parsons. 
Fredericton;  Sister  Anne  de  Parede,  Moncton; 
.Miss  B.  M.  Hadrill.  Newcastle;  Miss  L.  Bartsch. 
Saint  John:  Misses  R.  Follis.  M.  McMullen.  St. 
Stephen;  Miss  E.  M.  Tulloch.  Woodstock;  Sec- 
Treas.-Registrar,  Miss  Alma  Law,  Health  Cen- 
tre. Saint  John;  Conveners  of  Sections:  Hospital 
&  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  M.  Myers;  General 
Nursing,  Miss  M.  Kay;  Public  Health,  Miss  A. 
A.  Burns;  Conveners  of  Committees:  Legislation, 
Miss  B.  L.  Gregory;  Instruction,  Miss  Boyd,  St. 
Stephen;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  H.  Cahill. 

NOVA    SCOTIA 

Registered     Nurses    Association    of    Nov«    S«<>im 

Pres.,  Miss  ^farjorie  Jenkins.  Children's  Hos- 
pital, Halifax;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  D.  J.  Gillis, 
Vickers  Lane,  Sydney  Mines;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.. 
Miss  Jane  Watkins,  63  Henry  St..  Halifax;  Third 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  A.  E.  Richardson,  Blanchard- 
Fraser  Memorial  Hospital,  Kentville:  Rec.  Sec, 
Miss  Lillian  Gradv,  Halifax  Infirmary,  Halifax: 


816 


i 

i 


OFFICIAL    DIRECTORY 


817 


Registrar  -  Treasurer  -  Corresponding  Secretary, 
Miss  Jean  C.  Dunning,  413  Dennis  Bldg.,  Hali- 
fax; Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Mrs.  Dorothy 
Luscombe,   364  Spring  Garden  Rd.,   Halifax. 

ONTARIO 

Registered    Nurses   Association    of   Ontario 

Pres.,  Miss  Mildred  I.  Walker;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  J.  Masten ;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  B. 
Anderson ;  Sec.-Treas.,  Miss  Matilda  E.  Fitz- 
gerald. Rm.  630,  86  Bloor  St.  W.,  Toronto;  Chair- 
men of  Sections:  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing, 
Miss  L.  D.  Acton,  Kingston  General  Hospital; 
General  Nursing,  Miss  D.  Ogilvie.  34  Gilchrist 
Ave.,  Ottawa;  Public  Health,  Miss  W.  Ashplant, 
807  Waterloo  St.,  London ;  Chairmen  of  Districts : 
Mrs.  C.  Salmon.  Miss  M.  Bliss  Miss  M.  Buchan- 
an, Miss  K.  McNamara.  Miss  I.  Shaw.  Miss  M. 
Crawford,  Miss  M.  Stewart,  Miss  J.  Smith,  Miss 
M.  Buss. 

District    1 

Chairman.  Mrs.  C.  I.  Salmon;  First  Vlce- 
Chairman,  Major  D.  Barr;  Sec. — Treas.,  Miss 
A.  Kenny.  Aberdeen  Hotel,  Chatham:  Coun- 
cillors: Misses  Stewart,  Wightman,  Rathwell, 
ShaW;  Perrin,  Gray,  Mrs.  Wilson;  Conveners: 
Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  P.  Camp- 
bell; General  Nursing,  Miss  H.  O'Mahoney; 
Public  Health,  Miss  M.  Armstrong;  Enrolment, 
Miss  D.  Birrell. 

Districts  2  and  3 

Chairman,  Miss  M.  F.  Bliss;  First  Vice-Chair- 
man,  Mrs.  K.  Cowie;  Sec.-Treas.,  Miss  H.  D. 
Muir,  Brantford  General  Hospital;  Councillors: 
Misses  E.  Eby,  F.  McKenzie,  C.  Attwood,  M. 
Grieve,  L.  Trusdale,  G.  Westbrook;  Section  Con- 
veners: General  Nursing,  Miss  E.  Clark;  Hos- 
pital &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  J.  Watson; 
Public  Health.  Miss  M.  Hackett. 

District   4 

Chairman,  Miss  M.  Buchanan ;  First  Vice- 
Chairman,  Miss  E.  Ewart;  Sec.  Vice-Chairman, 
Miss  A.  Scheifele;  Sec.-Treas.,  Miss  G.  Coul- 
thart,  192  Wellington  St.  N.,  Hamilton;  Coun- 
cillors: Sister  Man.'  Grace.  Misses  Brewster. 
Cameron.  Wright.  Mrs.  Day.  N/S  Boyd;  Con- 
veners: Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Sr.  Eileen; 
Public  Health.  Miss  H.  Snedden;  General  Nurs- 
ing Miss  S.  Murray;  Emergency  Nursin-g,  Mrs. 
A.  Haygarth. 

District   3 

Chairman.  Miss  K.  McNamara;  First  Vice- 
Chairman.  Miss  P.  Morrison ;  Sec.-Treas..  Mrs.  G. 
L.  Williamson  24  Drake  Cres.,  Scarboro  Bluffs; 
Councillors:  Misses  I.  Weirs.  G.  Jones,  J.  Mit- 
chell, E.  Grant,  R.  Russell,  A.  Reddon;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  General  Nursing.  Miss  M. 
Hughes;  Public  Health,  Miss  L.  Pettigrew;  Hos- 
pital &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  B.  MacPhedran. 

District    6 

Chairman.  Miss  I.  Shaw;  First  Vice-Chairman, 
Miss  M.  McKenzie:  Sec.  Vice-Chairman,  Miss  E. 
Covert;  Third  Vice-Chairman.  Miss  E.  Wright; 
Sec.-Treas..  Miss  V.  Taylor.  General  Hospital.  Co- 
bourg:  Conveners:  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing, 
Miss  E.  Young;  General  Nursing,  Mrs.  E.  Brack- 
enri'ge;  Public  Health,  Miss  H.  McGean':  Mem- 
ber.-ihip,  Miss  N.  Brown;  Enrolment,  Miss  E. 
Meeks;    Finance,  Miss   F.   Fitzgerald. 

District   7 

Chairman,  Miss  M.  Crawford;  Vice-Chairman. 
Miss  E.  Ardill:  Sec.-Treas..  Miss  E.  Sharp.  King- 
ston Cieneral  Hospital;  Councillors:  Misses  E. 
Freeman.  V.  Manders,  Hanna.  E.  Moffatt,  Ga- 
▼an.   Rev.   Sr.   Donovan;   Conveners:   Hospital   & 


School  of  Nursing,  Miss  L.  Acton;  General 
Nursing,  Miss  E.  MacLean ;  Public  Health,  Miss 
D.  Storms;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss 
B.   Coulter. 

District   8 

Chairman,  Miss  M.  Stewart;  First  Vice-Chair- 
man, Rev.  Sr.  M.  Evangeline;  Sec.  Vice-Chair- 
man, Miss  P.  Walker;  Sec.-Treas.,  Miss  J.  Stock, 
390  Chapel  St.,  Ottawa;  Councillors:  Misses  I. 
Allen,  L.  Brule.  W.  Cooke.  V.  Foran.  M.  Lowry, 
H.  O'Meara;  Conveners:  Hospital  &  School  of 
Nursing,  Rev.  Sr.  St.  Godfrey;  Public  Health, 
Miss  C.  Livingston;  General  Nursing,  Miss  F. 
Nevins;  Pembroke  Chapter,  Mrs.  B.  Kipke;  Corn- 
wall Chapter,  Miss  M.  McWhinnie;  Rep.  to  The 
Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  H.  Tanner. 

District    9 

Chairman.  Miss  J.  Smith.  Gravenhurst;  First 
Vice-Chairman.  Miss  K.  MacKenzie.  North  Bay; 
Sec.  Vice-Chairman,  Miss  A.  McGregor.  Sault 
Ste.  Marie;  Sec.  Miss  F.  Geddis.  Plummer 
Memorial  Hospital,  Sault  Ste.  Marie;  Treas., 
Miss  R.  Buchanan.  Sanitarium  P.  O. ;  Conveners: 
Public  Health,  Miss  H.  E.  Smith.  New  Liskeard; 
Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  A.  Riordan, 
Sudbury;  General  Nursing,  Mrs.  E.  Sheridan. 
Sudbury;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Sr.  Teresa  of 
the   Sacred    Heart,   Sault   Ste.   Marie. 

District    10 

Chairman,  Miss  M.  Buss,  The  Sanatorium,  Fort 
William;  Vice-Chairman,  Miss  B.  Roberts;  Sec.- 
Treas..  Miss  D.  Chedister,  General  Hospital,  Port 
Arthur;  Councillor,  Miss  A.  Baillie;  Committee 
Conveners:  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss 
M.  Flanagan ;  Public  Health,  Miss  E.  Newson ; 
General  Nursing,  Miss  I  Morrison;  Program  Cont- 
mittee:    Misses    V.    Lovelace,    H.    MacNaughton. 

PRINCE    EDWARD    ISLAND 

Prince  Edward  Island  Registered  Nurses 
Association 
Pres.,  Miss  Katharine  MacLennan,  Provincial 
Sanatorium,  Charlottetown ;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Ma- 
ry Devereaux.  New  Haven ;  Sec.  Miss  Anna 
Mair.  P.E.I.  Hospital.  Charlottetown;  Treas.  & 
Registrar.  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Magdalen,  Charlottetown 
Hospital;  Chairmen  of  Sections:  Hospital  h 
School  of  Nursing,  Miss  Georgie  Brown.  Prince 
Co.  Hospital,  Summerside:  General  Nursing,  Miss 
Dorothy  Hennessey,  Charlottetown  Hospital. 
Charlottetown;  Public  Health,  Miss  Margaret 
Darling.    Alberton. 

QUEBEC 

Association    of    Registered    Nurses    of    the    Province 
of     Quebec     (Incorporated,     1920) 

President.  Miss  Eileen  C.  Flanagan;  Vice- 
President  (English).  Miss  Mabel  K.  Holt;  Vice- 
President  (French).  Rev.  Soeur  Valerie  de  la 
Sagesse;  Honourary  Secretary,  Mile  Alice  Al- 
bert; Honourary  Treasurer,  Miss  Fanny  Munroe; 
Members  without  Office:  Misses  Marion  Nash, 
Mary  Ritchie.  Miles  Maria  Roy,  Maria  Beaumier, 
Annonciade  Martineau;  Advisory  Board:  Misses 
Jean  Wilson.  Marion  Lindeburgh,  Catherine  M. 
Ferguson,  Esther  M.  Beith.  R6v.  Soeur  Marie  de 
I'Eucharistie  (Quebec).  Nflles  Edna  Lynch.  Ju- 
liette Trudel;  Conveiiers  of  Sections:  General 
Nursing  (French),  Mile  Anne-Marie  Robert, 
3484A  St.  Denis  St..  Montreal;  Hospital  &  School 
of  Nursiiig  (English).  Miss  Winnifred  MacLean. 
Royal  Victoria  Hospital.  Montreal :  Hospital  & 
School  of  Nursing  (French).  Rev.  Soeur  Decar>-. 
Hopital  Notre-Dame.  Montreal;  Public  Health 
(English),  Miss  Kathleen  Dickson.  Royal  Edward 
Institute.  Montreal;  Public  Health  (French). 
Mile  Marie  Euphemie  Cantin.  4642  St.  Denis  St. 
Montreal;  Board  of  Examiners:  Miss  Mary  Ma- 
thewson  (convener).  Misses  Norena  S.  Mackenzie. 
Madeleine  Flander.  Miles  Alexina  Marchessault, 
Anysie  Deland,  R^v.  Soeur  Marie  Claire  Rheault; 


818 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


Executive  Secretary,  Registrar  &  Official  School 
Visitor,  Miss  E.  Frances  Upton,  Ste.  1019,  Med- 
ical Arts  Bldg.,  Montreal. 

SASKATCHEWAN 

Saskatchewan  Registered  Nurses  Association 
(Incorporated  1917) 
Pres.,  Miss  M.  R.  Diederichs,  Regina  Grey  Nuns' 
Hospital;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  E.  Ingham, 
Moose  Jaw  General  Hospital ;  Sec.  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  E.  R.  Pearston,  Melfort;  Councillors: 
Miss  M.  E.  Grant,  922-9th  Ave.  N.,  Saskatoon; 
Rev.  Sister  Hildegarde,  St.  Elizabeth's  Hospital, 
Humboldt:  Chairmen  of  Sections:  General 
Nursing,  Miss  M.  R.  Chisholm,  805-7th  Ave.  N., 
Saskatoon;  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Rev. 
Sister  Mandin,  St.  Paul's  Hospital,  Saskatoon; 
Public  Health,  Miss  Gladys  McDonald,  6  Mayfair 


Apts.,  Regina;  Secretary-Treasurer,  Registrar 
and  Advisor.  Schools  for  Nurses,  Miss  K.  W. 
Ellis,    University    of   Saskatchewan,    Saskatoon. 

Regina    Registered    Nurses    Association 

Hon.  Pres.  Sister  Tougas;  Pres.,  Miss  M. 
McRae;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  D.  Lewis;  Sec, 
Vice-Pres.  Mrs.  Storey;  Sec,  Mrs.  M.  Stocker, 
22  Qu'Appelle  Apts.;  Ass.-Sec,  Miss  V.  Kiesel; 
Treas.  &  Registrar.  Mrs.  H.  Regan;  Conveners: 
Registry,  Miss  Grad;  Program:  Misses  Sharp, 
Blackwood;  Membership:  Miss  McLaughlin,  Mrs. 
Raeette;  Social.  Misses  Wilkins,  Brown;  General 
Nursing,  Miss  Sissons ; Hospffa/ &  School  of  Nur- 
sing, Miss  Thompson;  Public  Health  Miss  Riley v 
Finance,  Mrs.  Deverell;  War  Services,  Miss  Spel- 
liscy;  Sick  Nurses.  Misses  Tumbull,  Martin;  The 
Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Winning. 


Alumnae  Associations 


ALBERTA 

A. A.,    Calgary    General    Hospital,    Calgary 

Hon.  Pres.,  Misses  S.  Maddonald.  A.  Hebert; 
Hon.  Members:  Misses  M.  Moodie,  J.  Murphy,  A. 
Casey;  Pres.  Mrs.  A.  Warrington;  First  Vice- 
Pres..  Mrs.  G.  McPherson;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs. 
T.  Ellis;  Rec.  Sec,  Mrs.  J.  Mclntyre;  Corr. 
Sec,  Miss  J.  Gumming,  238  Crescent  Rd.;  Treas., 
Mrs.  B.  Charles;  Membership,  Mrs.  A.  Wilson; 
Press,  Miss  C.  Rose. 

A.A.,     Holy     Cross     Hospital,     Calgary 

President,  Mrs.  Cyril  Holloway;  First  Vice- 
President,  Mrs.  D.  Overand;  Second  Vice-Presi- 
dent. Miss  L.  Aiken;  Recording  Secretary,  Mrs. 
B.  McAdam;  Corresponding  Secretary,  Mrs.  J. 
E.  Hood,  211  Anderson  Apts.;  Treasurer,  Mrs. 
E.   Bragg. 

A.A.,  Edmonton  General  Hospital,  Edmonton 

Hon.  Pres..  Sr.  M.  O'Grady.  Sr.  F.  Neuhausel; 
Pres.,  Miss  E.  Bietsch;  First  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  R. 
Price;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  J.  Slavik,  E.G.H.;  Rec. 
Sec,  Miss  A.  Strochinski;  Treas.,  Miss  E. 
Wallsmith;  Private  Duty,  Miss  M.  Hozak;  Visit- 
ing Committee:  Misses  Nelson.  Deschatelets ; 
Standing  Committee:  Misses  Kuntz,  Beaton, 
Barden,  Ryan,  Mrs.  Lowing. 

A. A.,    Royal   Alexandra   Hospital,   Edmonton 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  M.  Fraser;  Pres.,  Miss 
Einarson;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  L  Johnson; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  R.  Boyd;  Rec.  Sec,  Mrs. 
M.  Hall;  Corr.  Sec,  Mrs.  W.  White,  R.A.H.; 
Treas.,  Miss  F.  Toby;  Committee  Conveners: 
Program,  Mrs.  J.  White;  Visiting,  Miss  T. 
Holm;  Social,  Miss  K.  Dunlop;  News  Letter, 
Miss  A.  Piercy;  Benefit,  Miss  I.  Johnson; 
Scholarship.  Miss  G.  Allyn;  Executive:  Miss  A. 
Anderson,   Mmes   J.    F.   Thompson,   P.   Baker. 

A.A.,    University    of    Alberta    Hospital,     Edmonton 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  Helen  S.  Peters;  Pres.,  Miss 
G.  Vickers;  Vice-Pies.,  Miss  A.  Whybrow;  Rec. 
Sec,  Miss  D.  Russell;  Corr.  Sec.  Mrs.  N.  Alexan- 
der, ii045-82nd  Ave.;  Treas.  Miss  M.  Baxter; 
Social  Convener,  Mrs.  F.  Beddome ;  Rep.  to  Press, 
Mrs.  N.  Pound;  Executive  Committee:  Misses  M. 
Strachan,    A.    Revell,    B.    Sloane. 

A.A.,   Lament   Public   Hospital,   Lament 

Honourarv  President.  Miss  F.  E.  Welsh,  Gode- 
rich,  Ont.;  "President,  Mrs.  R.  H.  Shears;  First 
Vice-President.  Mrs.  G.  Archer;  Second  Vice- 
President.     Mrs.     G.     Harrolld;     Secretarj'-Treas- 


urer.  Mrs.  B.  I.  Love.  Elk  Island  National  Park, 
Lamont;  News  Editor,  Mrs.  Peterson,  Hardisty; 
Convener,  Social  Committee,  Miss   Ada  Sandell. 

A.A.,     Vegreville     General     Hospital,     VegrevilU 

Hon.  President.  Sister  Anna  Keohane;  Hon. 
Vice-President.  Sister  J.  Boisseau;  President, 
.Mrs.  Stanley  Walker,  Vegreville;  Vice-President, 
Mrs.  Rennie  Landry,  Vegreville;  Secretary- 
Treasurer.  Miss  Annie  Askin,  Box  213,  Vegre 
ville;    Visiting   Committee    (chosen    monthly). 

BRITISH  COLUMBIA 

A.A.,    St.    Paul's    Hospital,    Vancouver 

Hon.  Pres..  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Phillipe;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Columbkille;  Pres.,  Miss  J. 
Mitchell;  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  F.  Engby;  Sec,  Mis» 
B.  Falk,  3776-33  Ave.  W;  Treas.,  Miss  E.  Atter- 
bine;  Registrar.  Miss  Stewart;  Committee  Con- 
veners: Social,  Miss  Walters;  Program,  Miss  M, 
Bell;  Visiting,  Miss  McCauley;  Mutual  Benefit, 
.Miss  McGee;  Press,  Miss  N.  Johnson;  Rep.  to 
The   Canadian   Nurse,  Miss   C.   Bryant. 

A. A..   Vancouver  General    Hospital,   Vancouver 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  G.  Fairley;  Pres.,  Miss  F. 
Innes:  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  L.  Creelman;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  A.  Grundy;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  N. 
Cunningham;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  L.  Lore,  1589  E. 
Broadway;  Treas.,  Mrs.  F.  L.  Faulkner;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  Mutual  Benefit.  Miss  M.  Ed- 
wards: Visiting.  Mrs.  M.  Appleby;  Social,  Mrs. 
G.  E.  Gillies;  Membership,  Miss  W.  Neen;  Re- 
freshment. Miss  S.  McDiarmid;  Program,  Mrs. 
R.  Stevens;   Rep.  to  Press,  Miss  M.  Mcdonnell. 

A.A.,    Royal    Jubilee    Hospital,    Victoria 

President,  Mrs.  D.  J.  Hunter;  First  Vice-Pres.. 
Mrs.  D.  MacLouil ;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  R.  Kirk- 
endale;  Sec,  Mrs.  J.  A.  McCague,  3106  Glas- 
gow .Ave.,;  Assist.  Sec.  Miss  M.  Bawden;  Treas. 
Mrs.  Jack  Boorman,  2957  Foul  Bay  Rd.;  Com^ 
mittee  Conveners:  Visiting.  Mrs.  F.  Hall;  Mem- 
bership, Mrs.  J.  Boorman;  Rep.  to  Press,  Miss 
D.  Van. 

A. A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    Victoria 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sr.  M.  Kathleen;  Hon.  Vice-Pres.. 
Sr.  M.  Gregorv;  Pres.,  Mrs.  G.  Rose;  Vice- 
Pres..  Mrs.  J.  Grant;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  '. 
Welch;  Rec.  Sec.  Mrs.  J.  Stokes;  Corr.  sec. 
Miss  G.  Wahl.  St.  Joseph's  Hospital;  Treas.. 
Miss  M.  Murphv:  Press,  Miss  J.  Cooney;  Coun- 
cillors: Mmes  Ridewortd.  Bryant.  Sinclair,  Lewis; 
VHal  Statistics,   Miss   Cruickshnnk. 


OFFICIAL   DIRECTORY 


819 


MANITOBA 

A.A.,   St.   Boniface   Hospital,   St.   Boniface 

Hon.  Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  Superior;  Hon.  Vlce- 
Pres.,  Mrs.  W.  Crosby;  Pres..  Mrs.  W.  McEl- 
heran;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  S.  Wright;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres..  Miss  W.  Grice;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  H. 
Fairbaim;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  D.  Webster,  181 
River  Ave.,  Winnipeg;  Treas..  Miss  H.  Oliver; 
Arcliivist,  Miss  Margason ;  Advisory  Committee: 
Miss  MacCaHum,  Mmes  McElheran.  Greville. 
Groelle.  L'Eucyer.  Rev.  Sr.  Superior;  Conveners: 
Visiting,  Miss  Johnson;  Social  &  Program,  Miss 
Rungay;  Membership,  Miss  Vandecar;  Reps,  to 
The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Watson;  M.A.R.N., 
Miss  Troendle;  Man.  Directory,  Mrs.  Shinmow- 
ski;    Local  Council  of  Women,   Mrs.   Shanlcman. 


A. A.,    Children'*     Hospital,    Winnipeg 


A.A.,    Halifax    Infirmary,    Halifax 

Pres..  Miss  Dorothy  Turner;  Vice-Pres.,  Misj 
Rita  Maclnnes;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  Elisabeth  Mac- 
Dougall;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  Loretta  Pertus,  111% 
.Morris  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  Gertrude  Shortall; 
Committee  Conveners:  Visiting,  Miss  Eisen- 
hauer;  Entertainment,  Miss  Mary  Ready;  Press, 
Miss  Margaret  Grant;  Librarian,  Miss  Shofer; 
Nominating,  Mrs.  Power. 


A.A.,     Victoria     General     Hospital,     Halifax 

Pres..  Miss  Agnes  Cox.  Tuberculosis  Hospi- 
tal; Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  E.  MacQuade;  Sec,  Miss 
Grace  Porter,  267  South  St.;  Treas..  Miss  Helen 
Joncas,  Victoria  General  Hospital;  Committee 
Conveners:  Entertainment,  Misses  M.  Ripley,  A. 
Power;  Refreshments,  Mrs.  Cullen.  Miss  Ger- 
raise;  Visiting,  Misses  G.  Byers,  H.  Watson; 
Private    Duty,    Miss    Isobel    Macintosh. 


Pres.,  Mrs.  W.  Stewart;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss 
M.  Perley;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  E.  Hyndman;  Corr. 
Sec.  Miss  E.   Young.   91   Home  St.;  Treas.,  Miss 

B.  Thain,  21  Stratford  Hall;  Conveners:  Program, 
Miss  M.  Smith;  Ways  &  Means,  Mrs.  H.  Moore; 
Visiting  &  Red  Cross,  Mrs.  Campbell;  Member- 
ship, Miss  R.  Hutton ;  News  Editor.  Mrs.  G.  Jack. 

A. A.,    Winnipeg    General    Hospital.    Winnipeg 

Hon.   Pres.,   Mrs.   A.  W.  Moody;   Pres.,  Miss 

C.  Lethbridge;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  K.  Mc- 
Learn;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.  Miss  E.  Wilson;  Third 
Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  S.  Ward;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  J. 
Smith;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  A.  Robertson,  112 
Royal  St.;  Treas..  Miss  F.  Stratton;  Committee 
Conveners:  Program,  Mrs.  C.  Kershaw;  Member- 
ship, Miss  A.  Porter;  Visiting,  Miss  G.  Mc- 
Keevor;  Journal,  Mrs.  S.  G.  Horner;  Archivist, 
Miss  M.  Stewart;  Jubilee,  Miss  P.  Bonnar;  Reps. 
to:  School  of  Nursing  Committee,  Miss  G.  Hall; 
The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  H.  Smith;  Doctors  & 
Nurses  Directory,  Miss  A.  Howard ;  Local  Council 
of  Women;  Mmes  Thomas,  Randall;  Council  of 
Social  Agencies,  Mrs.   A.   Speirs. 


NEW  BRUNSWICK 

A. A.,  Saint  John  General   Hospital,  Saint  John 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  J.  Mitchell;  Pres.,  Miss 
G.  Brown;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  H.  L.  Ellis; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  S.  Hartley;  Sec.  Miss  F. 
Congdon.  S.J.G.H. :  Treas.,  Miss  H.  Tracy, 
S.J.G.H.:  Assist.  Treas.,  Miss  R.  Wilson;  Exe- 
cutive: Misses  M.  Murdoch,  P.  White,  B.  Bain, 
Mrs.  J.  Wilson. 

A. A.,    L.    P.    Fisher    Memorial    Hospital,    Woodstock 

President.  Mrs.  Hebec  Inghram;  Vice-Presi- 
dent. Mrs.  Wendall  Slipp.  Chapel  Street;  Se- 
cretan'-  Mrs.  Arthur  Peabody;  Treasurer,  Miss 
Nellie  Wallace;  Executive  Committee:  Miss  Mar- 
garet Parker,  Miss  Evelyn  Briggs,  Miss  Mabel 
Howe. 


NOVA    SCOTIA 


ONTARIO 


A.A.,     Belleville     General     Hospital,     BellevilU 

Pres.,  Miss  D.  Williams;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss 
X.  DiCola;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Peacock; 
Sec.  Miss  Edna  Sullivan.  General  Hospital; 
Treas..  Miss  M.  Leur^';  Registrar.  Miss  M.  Dun- 
can; Committee  Conveners:  Flotcers,  Miss  D. 
Hogle:  Social,  Miss  D.  Warren;  Program,  Mis? 
M.  Fitzgerald;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse  & 
Press.    Miss    M.    Plumton. 


A. A.,      Brantford      General      Hospital,      Brantford 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  M.  McKee;  Pres..  Mrs.  G. 
A.  Grierson;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  H.  Cuff;  Sec, 
Miss  I.  Feely,  B.G.H.;  Treas.,  Miss  L.  Burtch; 
Committee  Conveners:  Social:  Mmes  G.  Thomp- 
son, L.  Sturgeon;  Flower:  Misses  N.  Yardley,  R. 
Moffat;  Gift:  Misses  K.  Charnley,  V.  Buckwell; 
Reps,  to:  General  Nursing  Section,  Miss  D. 
Rashleigh;  Red  Cross.  Miss  O.  Gowman;  Local 
Council  of  Women:  Mmes  G.  Barber,  R.  Smith, 
Miss  P.  Cole;  The  Canadian  iVwrse  &  Press,  Miss 
M.    Copeland. 

A. A.,    Brockville    General    Hospital,    Brockville 

Hon.  Presidents,  Misses  A.  Shannette,  E. 
.Moffatt;  Pres..  Mrs.  M.  White;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Mrs.  W.  Cooke;  Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  L.  Merkley; 
Sec.  Miss  H.  Corbett.  127  Pearl  St.  E.:  Ass. 
Sec,  Mrs.  E.  Finlay;  Treas.,  Mrs.  H.  Van  Dusen; 
Committee  Conveners:  Social,  Mrs.  H.  Green; 
Flower,  Miss  Kendrick;  Program,  Mrs.  Derry; 
Rep.   to  The  Canadian   Nurse,   Miss   Corbett. 

A. A.,  Public  General  Hospital,  Chatham 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  P.  Campbell:  Pres.,  Miss  L. 
Hastings;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  F.  Armstrong; 
Rec.  Sec.  Miss  V.  Carnes;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  M. 
Gilbert.  104  Harvey  St.;  Treas..  Miss  J.  Rickard; 
Committees:  Flowers:  Miss  Malott:  Social:  Miss 
Purcell.  Mrs.  Goldrick;  Refreshments:  Mrs. 
Bourne.  Miss  Houston;  Councillors:  Misses  Head. 
Dyer,  Baird.  McNaughton :  Reps,  to  Press:  Miss 
Patterson ;   The  Canadian  Nurse :  Miss  L.  Smyth. 


A. A..    Glace    Bay    General     Hospiul,    Glace    Bay 

Pres..  Mrs.  F.  MacKinnion;  First  Vlce-Pre«., 
Mrs.  W.  MacPherson:  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs. 
H.  Spencer;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss  B.  MacKenzie:  Corr. 
Sec.  Miss  F.  Anderson,  General  Hospital; 
Treas..  Miss  W.  MacLeod;  Committee  Conveners: 
Executive,  Miss  C.  Roney;  Visiting,  Mrs.  G. 
Turner;    Finance.    Miss    A.    Beaton. 


A.A..    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    Chatham 

Hon.  Pres..  Mother  M.  Pascal:  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres..  Sister  M.  St.  Anthony;  President.  Miss 
Hazel  Gray;  First  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  .\.  E.  Ro- 
berts: Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  May  Boyle;  Secre- 
tar>'-Treasurer.  Miss  Mary-Clare  Zink.  4  Roi>ert- 
son  Ave.:  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  Anne  Kenny;  Repre- 
sentative to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Ursula 
O'Neill. 


820 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


A.A.,   Comwal!    General    Hospital,   Cornwall 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  H.  C.  Wilson;  Pres.,  Mrs.  M. 
Quail;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  F.  Gunther;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  E.  Wagoner;  Sec.-Treas.,  Miss 
E.  Allen,  4-3rd  St.  E. ;  Committee  Conveners: 
Program  &  Social  Finance:  Misses  Summers 
Sharpe;  Flower,  Miss  E.  Mclntyre;  Membership, 
Miss  G.  Rowe;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss 
J.    McBain. 

A.A.,    Gait    Hospiul,     Gall 

President,  Mrs.  E.  D.  Scott;  Vice-President, 
Miss  Hazel  Blagden;  Secretary,  Mrs.  A.  Bond, 
General  Hospital;  Treasurer,  Mrs.  W.  Bell;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  Social,  Miss  Claire  Murphy; 
Flower,  Miss  L.  MacNair;  Press,  Mrs.  J.  M. 
Byrne. 

A. A.,   Guelph   General   Hospital,   Guelph 

Honourarv  President,  Miss  S.  A.  Campbell; 
Presider.t,  Miss  L.  Ferguson;  First  Vice-Presi- 
dent. Mrs.  F.  C.  McLeod;  Secretary,  Miss  Mary 
R.  Upward,  General  Hospital;  Treasurer,  Miss 
A.    Armstrong. 

A. A.,    St.   Joseph's    Hospital,   Guelph 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sr.  M.  Augustine;  Hon.  Vice-Pres., 
Sr.  M.  Dominica;  Pres..  Miss  Doris  Milton;  Vice- 
Pres.,  Miss  Eva  Murphy;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss  Hen- 
rietta McGillivary;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  Mary  Heffer- 
nan,  121  Duflin  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  Hazel  Harding; 
Social  Convener,  Miss  Marian  Meagher;  Rep. 
to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  M.  Heffernan. 

A.A.,   Hamilton  General  Hospital,  Hamiltoa 

Hon.  President,  Miss  C.  E.  Brewster;  Presi 
dent.  Miss  M.  0.  Watson;  First  Vice-President 
Miss  M.  Watt;  Second  Vice-President.  Miss  N 
Coles;  Recording  Secretary,  Mrs.  H.  Roy;  Cor 
responding  Secretary,  Miss  E.  Ferguson,  Ha 
milton  General  Hospital;  Treasurer,  Mrs.  W 
N.  Paterson.  114  Traymore  St.;  Secretary -Treas 
urer.  Mutual  Benefit  Association.  Miss  H.  Sa 
bine,  132  Ontario  Ave.;  Committee  Conveners 
Executive,  Miss  E.  Bingeman ;  Social,  Miss  H.  G 
McCulloch;  Flowers,  Miss  G.  Servos;  Budget 
Mrs.   H.   Roy. 

A. A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    Hamilton 

Hon.  Pres..  Sr.  M.  Alphonsa ;  Hon.  Vice-Pres. 
Sr.  M.  Grace:  Pres.,  Miss  Iva  Loyst;  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  G.  Neal;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  F.  Nicholson; 
Corr.  Sec.  Miss  E.  Moran.  95  Victoria  Ave.  S.; 
Treas..  Miss  L.  Curr\-:  Representatives  to:  R.N.- 
A.O.,  Miss  A.  Williams,  515  Dundurn  St.  S.; 
The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  •  Leona  Johnson, 
S.J.H. 

A. A.,   Hotel-Dieu,   Kingston 

Hon.  Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  Rouble;  Hon.  Vice-Pres., 
Mrs.  Elder;  Pres..  Mrs.  J.  Hickey;  First  Vice- 
Pres.,  Mrs.  I.  Fallon:  Sec.  Vice-Pres.  Mrs.  C. 
Keller;  Sec,  Miss  M.  Flood  380  Brock  St.;  Treas., 
Mrs.  M.  Heagle;  Committees:  Executive:  Mmes 
Lawler,  Ahern,  Carey.  Miss  McGarry;  Visiting: 
Misses  Murray,  Oswald;  Social:  Misses  Cotty, 
Collins;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse  Miss  M. 
Catlin. 

A.A.,    Kingston    General    Hospital,    Kingston 

Hon.  President.  Miss  L.  D.  Acton;  President 
Mrs.  F.  W.  Atack,  Centre  St.;  First  Vice-Presl 
dent,  Mrs.  Graham  Campbell;  Sec.  Vice-President. 
Miss  E.  Freeman;  Secretary,  Mrs.  Chas.  Ryder, 
811  Johnson  St.;  Treasurer.  Mrs.  C.  W.  Mallory 
176  Alfred  St.;  Assist.  Treas.,  Miss  P.  Timmer 
man:   Press  Representative,   Miss  Mae  Porter. 


A. A.,    Kitchener    and    Waterloo    General    Hospital, 
Kitchener 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  K.  W.  Scott;  Pres.,  Mrs.  H. 
Christner;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  G.  Cornwall; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  E.  Carey;  Sec.  Miss  0. 
Daitz,  K.  &  W.  Hospital;  Treas.,  Miss  K  Jant- 
zen :  Committee  Conveners :  Program,  Miss  M. 
McManus;  Lunch,  Mrs.  R.  Hodd;  Flowers:  Misses 
M.  McManus,  M.  McLean;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian 
Nurse,  Miss  A.  Leslie. 


A. A.,    St.    Mary's    Hospital,    Kitchener 

Hon.  Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Gerard;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Geraldine;  Pres..  Miss  Millie 
A.  G.  Brand;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Jean  Pickard; 
Rec  Sec,  Miss  Melva  Lapsley;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss 
Marie  A.  Lorentz,  92  Victoria  St.  S.,  Waterloo; 
Treas.,   Miss  Beatrice   Hertel. 

A. A.,    Ross    Memorial    Hospital,    Lindsay 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  S.  Reid;  Pres.,  Miss  C. 
Fallis;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  G.  Lehigh;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres..  Miss  D.  Wilson;  Sec,  Miss  H.  Hop- 
kins R.M.H.;  Treas.,  Miss  A.  Hebber;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  Program,  Miss  V.  Pickins; 
Refreshments,  Miss  D.  Currins;  Flower,  Mrs. 
M.  I.  Thurston;  Red  Cross  Supply,  Miss  A. 
Flett;  Rep.  to  Press,  Miss  G.  McMillan. 

A.A.,  Ontario  Hospital,  London 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  F.  M.  Thomas;  Pres.,  Mrs.  F. 
Cline;  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  K.  Schlimme,  Miss  N. 
Stewart;  Sec,  Mrs.  M.  Millen,  398  Spruce  St.; 
Ass.  Sec,  Mrs.  E.  Stutt;  Treas..  Miss  N.  Wil- 
liams; Committee  Conveners:  Flower,  Mrs.  E. 
Grosvener:  Social,  Misses  L.  Steele,  V.  Johnson; 
Social  Service,  Miss  F.  Stevenson;  Parcels  for 
Armed  Forres,  Miss  N.  Williams;  Publications, 
Mrs.  P.  Robb. 


A.A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    London 

Hon.  Pres.,  Mother  M.  Theodore;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Sister  M.  Ruth;  Pres..  Miss  L  Griffin; 
First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Russell:  Sec.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Miss  A.  Kelly:  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  M.  Best. 
579  Waterloo  St.;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  B.  Crawford; 
Treas.,  Miss  A.  Schweitzer;  Committee  Con- 
veners: Social:  Misses  M.  Ings.  M.  Kelly;  Fi- 
nance: Misses  M.  Etue,  0.  O'Neil;  Reps,  to  Re- 
gistry: Misses  M.  Baker,  E.  Beger;  Press,  Miss 
M.   Regan. 

A. A.,  Victoria  Hospital,  London 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  H.  M.  Stuart;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Mrs.  A.  E.  Sllverwood;  Pres..  Miss  G. 
Erskine;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Stevenson; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  A.  Mallock;  Rec.  Sec. 
Miss  A.  Versteeg;  Corr.  Sec,  Mrs.  M.  Ripley, 
422  Central  Ave.;  Treas.,  Miss  E.  O'Rourke,  188 
Colbourne  St.;  Publications:  Misses  L.  MacGu- 
gan,   E.   Stephens. 


A. A.,  Niagara  Falls  General  Hospital,  Niagara  Falls 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  M.  Parks;  Pres.,  Mrs.  D. 
Mylchreest:  Hon.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Buchanan; 
First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  R.  Livingstone;  Sec.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Miss  D.  Scott;  Sec,  Mrs.  E.  Robins,  2432 
Ker  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  M.  Cooley,  730-4th  Ave.; 
Committees:  Visiting.  Miss  R.  Wilkinson;  Edu- 
cational, Miss  J.  McNally;  Membership,  Miss  V. 
Wigley:  Reps,  to:  The  Canadian  Nurse  & 
R.N.A.n.,  Miss  L  Hammond;  Press,  Mrs.  Ef- 
ferick. 


OFFICIAL    DIRECTORY 


821 


\.A..    Orillia    Soldier*'    Memorial    Hospiul,    Orillia 

Honourary  Presidents,  Miss  E.  Johnston,  Miss 
0.  Waterman;  President.  Mrs.  H.  Hannaford: 
Vice-Presidents,  Miss  C.  Buie.  Miss  M.  MacLel- 
land;  Treasurer,  Miss  L.  V.  MacKenzie,  21  WiJ- 
Uam  St.;  Secretary,  Miss  Muriel  Givens.  23  Albert 
St.;  Directort:  Misses  S.  Dudenhoffer,  B.  McFad- 
den.  G.  Adams;  Auditors:  Miss  F.  Robertson. 
Mrs.    H.   Burnet. 


A.A.,  Oshawa  General  Hospital,  Osbawa 

Hon.  Presidents.  Misses  E.  MacWilliams,  B. 
Bell.  E.  Stuart;  Pres..  Miss  M.  Green;  First 
Vice-Pres..  Miss  P.  Richardson ;  Sec.  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  M.  Gibson ;  Sec.  Miss  M.  Anderson ;  Corr. 
Sec,  Miss  L.  McKnight.  39  Elgin  St.  E. ;  Treas.. 
Miss  A.  Knott;  Committee  Conveners:  Program, 
Miss  H.  Trew.  Social,  Miss  D.  Brown;  Rep.  to 
The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  W.  Werry. 


A. A.,    Lady    Stanley    Institute     (Incorporated    1918) 
Ottawa 

Hon.  Pres..  Mrs.  W.  S.  Lyman ;  Pres.,  Mrs. 
W.  E.  Caven:  Vice-Pres..  Miss  G.  Halpenny; 
Sec,  Mrs.  P.  R.  Grant.  74  Byron  Ave.;  Treas., 
Mrs.  G.  C.  Bennett;  Board  of  Directors:  Mrs. 
Waddell,  Misses  McNiece,  McGibbon.  Flack; 
Flower  Convener,  Miss  E.  Booth;  Representatives 
to:  Press,  Miss  G.  Halpenny;  Registry:  Misses 
M.  Slinn,  E.  Curry;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Mrs. 
V.  Boles. 

A. A.,    Ottawa    Civic    Hospital,    Otuwa 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  G.  M.  Bennett;  Pres.,  Miss  D. 
Ogilvie;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  L.  Gourlay;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  G.  Ferguson ;  Rec  Sec,  Miss 
G.  Wilson;  Corr.  Sec.  &  Press,  Miss  M.  Tullis 
O.C.H.;  Treas..  Miss  D.  Johnston,  98  Holland 
Ave.;  Councillors:  Mmes  M.  Johnston,  H.  Kidd, 
G.  Dunning,  E.  Haines.  Misses  Fleiger,  H.  WMl- 
son;  Committee  Conveners:  Flower,  Miss  H. 
King;  Visiting,  Miss  Joyce;  Reps,  to:  Central 
Registry,  Misses  R.  Alexander,  O.  Bradley,  E. 
Graydon,   C.   McLeod. 


urer,  Mrs.  Ralph  Snelgrove,  750  Second  Avenue, 
West;  Representative  to  R.N.A.O.,  Miss  P. 
Ellis. 


A.A.,  Nicbolls  Hospital,   Peterborough 

Hon.  Pres.,  Mrs.  E.  M.  Leeson,  Miss  E.  G. 
Young;  Pres..  Miss  Lottie  Ball;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  D.  E.  MacBuen ;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  J. 
Preston ;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  Florence  Scott ;  Corr. 
Sec,  Miss  A.  MacKenzie,  758  George  St.;  Treas., 
Miss  Isobel  King,  210  Antrim  St.;  Social  Con- 
veners: Mrs.  V.  Janeway,  Miss  S.  TrotteK; 
Flower   Convener,   Miss   Mae   Stone. 


A.  A.,     St.     Joseph's     Hospital,     Port    Arthur 

Honourary  President.  Rev.  Mother  Camillus; 
Honourary  Vice-President,  Rev.  Sister  Sheila: 
President.  Mrs.  Jack  Tiskey;  Vice-President. 
Miss  Cecila  Kelly;  Secretary,  Mrs.  Jack  Weir. 
419  Ambrose  St.;  Treasurer.  Miss  Millie  Reid; 
Executive:  Misses  Aili  Johnson,  Lucy  Miocich, 
Olive  Thompson,  Isabel  Hanier,  Mrs.  W.  Geddes 


A.A.,   Samia   General    Hospital,    Sarnia 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  Shaw;  Pres.,  Miss  M.  Thomp- 
son; Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  V.  Galloway;  Sec,  Miss 
F.  Morrison,  138%  N.  Front  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  I. 
Dunford;  Committee  Conveners:  Social,  Miss 
Revington;  Program,  Miss  Bloomfield;  Flower 
&  Visiting,  Miss  Cairns;  Alumnae  Room,  Miss 
Shaw;  Nominating,  Miss  Siegrist;  Rep.  to:  The 
Canadian  Nurse  &  Press,  Mrs.  M.  Elrlck. 


A. A.,     Stratford     General     Hospital,     Stratford 

Honourary  President.  Miss  A.  M.  Munn; 
President,  Miss  Annie  Ballantyne.  General 
Hospital;  Secretary,  Mrs.  Viola  Byrick,  308 
Huron  Street;  Treasurer,  Miss  Jean  W^atson, 
General  Hospital;  Committee  Conveners  :  Social, 
Miss  Bernice  Moore;  Assists:  Miss  L.  Attwood, 
Miss  M.  Mackenzie;  Flower  and  Gifts,  Miss 
M.    Murr. 


A. A.,  Ottawa  General  Hospital,  Ottawa 

Hon.  President.  Rev.  Sr.  Flavie  Domitille;  Hon. 
Vice.-Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  Helen  of  Rome;  Pres.,  Miss 
Viola  Foran ;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  Alice  Proulx; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Rose  Therien;  Secretary- 
Treasurer.  Miss  Lucille  Brule,  95  Glen  Ave.; 
Membership  Secretary.  Miss  Florence  Lepine; 
Councillors:  Mmes  E.  Viau,  L.  Dunn,  Misses  E. 
Byrne,   M.   Prindeville.  J.   Larochelle. 


A. A..     Mack    Training    School,    St.     Catharines 

Pres.,  Miss  E.  Buchanan;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  R.  Fowler:  Sec.  Miss  W'.  Sayers,  General 
Hospital;  Treas.,  Mi.ss  E.  Dougher;  Conveners: 
Program,  Miss  J.  Turner;  Socifil.  Mrs.  Zaritsky; 
Flower.  Miss  L.  Koltmeier;  Visiting,  Miss  S. 
Murray;  Advisory  Committee:  Mmes  J.  Parnell, 
C.  Hesburn ;  Press,  Miss  H.  Brown ;  Rep.  to  The 
Canad'an    Nurse,    Miss    M.    Moulton. 


A.A.,    St.    Luke's    Hospital,    Ottawa 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  Maxwell.  O.B.E.:  Pres. 
Mrs.  W.  H.  Johnston;  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  J.  Prit- 
chard;  Sec.  Mrs.  J.  Hall,  17  Openago  Rd.; 
Treas.,  Mrs.  J.  W.  Shore;  Committees:  Flowers: 
Misses  Lewis.  Craig;  Refreshments:  Misses  Nel- 
son, Allen;  Reps,  to:  Central  Registry:  Mrs. 
Brown,  Miss  Heron ;  Local  Council  of  Women, 
Mrs.  Mothersill;  Press,  Miss  Johnston. 


A.A.,   St.   Thomas   Memorial    Hospital,   St.    Thomas 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  J.  M.  Wilson;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Miss  F.  Kudoha;  Pres..  Miss  E.  Stoddem; 
First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  E.  Ray;  Sec,  Mrs.  B. 
Davidson ;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  E.  Dodds.  33  Welling- 
ton St.;  Treas.  Miss  P.  Howell;  Committee 
Conveners:  Social,  Miss  A.  Claypole;  Flower, 
Miss  M.  Broadley:  Ways  &  Means.  Miss  A. 
Fryer;  Reps,  to  R.N.A.O.,  Miss  B.  McGee:  Pren, 
Miss  E.  Jewell. 


A.A.,    Owen    Sound    General    and    Marine    Hospital, 
Owen    Sound 

Honourar>'  Presidents.  Miss  E.  Webster,  Miss 
R.  Brown;  President,  Miss  C.  MacEeen;  First 
Vice-Presi'd«»nt,    Miss    V.    Reid;    Secretary-Treas- 


A.A.,    The    Grant    Macdonald    Training    Schoo. 
for  Nurses,   Toronto 

Honourary    President,    Miss    Pearl    Morrison; 
President,  Mrs.   E.  Jacques;   Vice-President,   Miss 


82: 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


A.  Lendrum;  Recording  Secretary,  Mrs.  M. 
Smith,  130  Dunn  Avenue;  Corresponding  Secre- 
tary, Miss  I.  Lucas,  130  Dunn  Avenue;  Treas- 
urer,  Miss   Maud   Zufelt;   Social  Convener,   Miss 

B.  Langdon. 

A. A.,    Hospital   for   Sick   Children,   Toronto 

Pres..  Mrs.  D.  E.  MacKenzie;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Mrs.  W.  S.  Keitli;  Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  M. 
Mclnnis;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  H.  Booth;  Corr.  Sec., 
Mrs.  W.  Ritchie,  33  Colin  Ave.;  Treas.,  Mlu 
F.    Watson,    H.S.C. 


A.A.,    Riverdale    Hospital,    Toronto 

Pres.,  Mrs.  S.  J.  Hubbert;  First  Vice-Pres.. 
Miss  A.  Armstrong;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M. 
Thompson;  Sec.  Mrs.  H.  E.  Radford.  6  Neville 
Pk.  Blvd.;  Treas..  Mrs.  T.  Fairbaim;  Conveners: 
Program,  Miss  Mathieson ;  Visiting :  Mrs.  Spree- 
man.  Miss  M.  Thompson;  Reps,  to:  Press  &  Pub- 
lication, Miss  J.  Forljes;  R.N.A.O.,  Miss  O. 
Gerber;    The   Canadian   Nurse,   Miss    Armstrong. 


A. A.,    St.   John's   Hospital,   Toronto 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sr.  Beatrice;  Pres.,  Miss  M.  Mar- 
tin; First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  D.  Whiting;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Creighton;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss 
M.  Anderson ;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  M.  Riches,  St. 
John's  Convalescent  Hospital;  Treas.,  Miss  A. 
Greenwood;  Entertainment  Convener,  Miss  R. 
Ramsden ;  Visiting  Convener,  Miss  L.  Richard- 
son ;   Rep.  to  Press,  Miss  E.  Price. 


E.  Graham,  E.  Clancey,  Mrs.  J.  B.  Wadland; 
Committee  Conveners:  Archives,  Miss  J.  M. 
Kniseley;  Flower,  Mrs.  J.  B.  Wadland;  Social, 
Miss  F.  Chantler;  Program,  Miss  S.  Sewell; 
Gift,  Miss  M.  Fry;  Scholarship,  Miss  G.  Lovell; 
"The  Quarterly",  Mrs.  H.  E.  Wallace. 


A.A.,    Training   School    for    Nurses   of   the   Toronto 

East    General    Hospital    with    which    is    incorporated 

the    Toronto    Orthopedic    Hospital,    Toronto 

Honourary  President,  Miss  Ella  MacLean; 
President,  Miss  Margaret  Purvis;  Secretary, 
Miss  D.  Jean  Smith,  64  Hevdtt  Avenue,  Toron- 
to; Treasurer.  Miss  Dorothy  Golden. 

A. A.,    Toronto    Western    Hospital,    Toronto 

Hon.  Presidents,  Miss  B.  Ellis,  Mrs.  C.  J. 
Currie;  President,  Mrs.  Douglas  Chant;  Vice- 
President,  Miss  Mae  Palk;  Corresponding  Secret- 
ary, Miss  Isabel  Kee.  Nurses  Residence,  T.W.H.; 
Recording  Secretary.  Mrs.  Fooks;  Treasurer,  Miss 
Benita  Post.  Western  Hospital;  Representative 
to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Elizabeth  Westren. 


A.A.,   Wellesley   Hospital,   Toronto 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  E.  K.  Jones;  Pres..  Miss  J. 
Harris;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Stanton;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Johnston;  Rec  Sec,  Miss 
G.  Schwindt;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  M.  Russell,  4 
Thurloe  Ave.;  Treas..  Miss  J.  Brown;  Treas. 
Sick  Fund,  Miss  D.  Good;  General  Committee: 
Misses  E.  Covi'an,  J.  Hayden.  B.  Calvert,  .1. 
Laird.   H.   Wark,   G.   Bolton,   Mrs.   Reeve. 


A.A.,   St.   Joseph'*   Hospital,   Toronto 

Pres.,  Miss  T.  Hushin;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss 
.M.  Goodfriend;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  V.  Smith; 
Rec.  Sec,  Miss  M.  Donovan;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss 
M.  T.  Caden,  474  Vaughan  Rd.;  Treas.,  Miss  L. 
Hfll;  Entertainment  Convener,  Mrs.  J.  Shapley; 
Program  Convener,  Miss  M.  Kelly;  Representa- 
tive  to  R.N.A.O.,  Miss   C.   Knaggs. 


A. A.,    Women's    College    Hospital,    Toronto 

Honourary  President,  Mrs.  Bowman;  Honourary 
Vice-President.  Miss  H.  T.  Meiklejohn;  PresI 
dent.  Mrs.  S.  Hall,  868  Manning  Ave.  ; 
Recording  Secretary,  Miss  Isabel  Hall.  Women's 
College  Hospital;  Treasurer,  Miss  W.  Worth. 
93  Scarbora  Beach  Blvd.;  Representative  to 
The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss   Mary   Gialk. 


A.A.,    St.    Michael's    Hospital,    Toronto 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sr.  Mary  of  the  Nativity;  Hon. 
Vice-Pres..  Sr.  M.  Kathleen;  Pres..  Miss  D. 
Murphy;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Stone;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres..  Miss  K.  Boyle;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss  M. 
McRae;  Corr.  Sec.  Mrs.  M.  Benny,  2510  Bloor 
St.  W..  Apt.  1 ;  Treas.,  Miss  K.  Meagher ;  Coun- 
cillors: Misses  M.  Hughes.  E.  Crocker.  K.  Ham- 
mil;  Committee  Conveners:  Press,  Miss  H.  Ca- 
vanagh;  Mag.  Editor,  Miss  M.  Crowley;  Assoc. 
Membership,  Mrs.  R.  Sli^igerland ;  Reps,  to:  Hos- 
pital &  School  of  Nursing  Section,  Miss  G.  Mur- 
phy; Public  Health  Section,  Miss  M.  Tisdale; 
Local  Council  of  Women,  Mrs.  T.  Scully. 


A. A.,    School    of    Nursing,    University    of    Toronto, 
Toronto 


A. A.,    Ontario    Hospital,    New    Toronto 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  E.  Rothery.  Mrs.  C.  Brock; 
Pres..  Miss  L.  Sinclair:  First  Vice-Pres.  Miss 
M.  Wright;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss  E.  McCalpin;  Corr. 
Sec.  Miss  E.  Greenslade.  Ontario  Hospital; 
Treas.,  Miss  V.  Dodd;  Committee  Conveners: 
Program,  Miss  B.  Thompson ;  Social,  Miss  A. 
McArthur;  Visiting  &  Flower.  Miss  G.  Reid; 
Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  D.  Wylie. 


A.A.,   Grace    Hospital,   Windsor 

President.  Adjutant  Gladys  Barker;  Vice 
President.  Miss  Phyllis  Hardcastle;  Secretary. 
Miss  Jeanette  Ferguson.  Grace  Hospital;  Treas- 
urer. Miss  Jean  Galloway;  Echoes'  Editor,  Ad- 
jutant Gladys  Barker. 


i 


Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  K.  Russell;  Hon.  Vice-Pres.. 
Miss  F.  H.  Emory;  Pres..  Miss  M.  Macfarland; 
First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  J.  Leask;  Sec.  Vice-Pres. 
Miss  E.  Cryderman;  Sec,  Miss  M.  Nicol,  226  St. 
George  St.;  Treas..  Miss  E.  J.  Davidson;  Con- 
veners: Membership,  Mrs.  M.  McCutcheon;  En- 
dowment Fund,  Miss  E.  Fraser;  Program,  Miss 
J.   Wilson;   Social,   Miss   B.   Ross. 

A.A.,   Toronto   General    Hospital,  Toronto 

Pres.,  Miss  Ethel  Crvderman ;  First  Vice-Pres. 
Miss  Marion  Stewart;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  R.  F. 
Chisholm;  Sec-Treas..  Miss  Leslie  Shearer,  5 
High  Park  Ave.;  Councillors:  Misses  C.  Wallace, 


A. A.,   Hotel-Dieu,   Windsor 

Hen.  i'ast  Pres..  Sr.  .Marie  de  la  Ferre;  Hon. 
Pres..  Rev.  M.  Claire  Maitre;  Pres.,  Miss  Ellen 
Cox;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  J.  Byrne;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres..  Miss  J.  Duck;  Sec,  Miss  M.  Beaton, 
1342  Goyeau  St.;  Con.  Sec.  Sr.  M.  Roy.  H6tel- 
Dieu  Hospital;  Treas.,  Miss  "M.  Lawson;  Visit- 
ing Committee:  Misses  M.  May.  B.  Beuglet. 

A. A.,  General   Hospital,   Woodstock 

Pres..  Miss  Mary  Matheson;  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs. 
Jack  Town;  Sec,  Miss  A.  Aitcheson;  Ass.  Sec, 
Miss    M.    I.    Matheson;    Treas.,   Miss    A.    Amott: 


OFFICIAL    DIRECTORY 


823 


Ass.  Treas.,  Miss  K.  Mahon;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  E. 
Rickard,  211  Wellington  St.;  Committee  Conve- 
ners: Flowers  &  Gifts:  Misses  M.  Hodgins.  N. 
Smith;  Program,  Miss  M.  Gillespie;  Social,  Mrs. 
King;  Rep.  to  Press,  Miss  B.  Calvert. 


QUEBEC 


A. A.,   Children's    Memorial    Hospital,   Montreal 

Hon.  Presidents,  Misses  A.  S.  Kinder.  E. 
Alexander;  Pres..  Miss  H.  Nuttall;  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  M.  Robinson ;  Sec,  Miss  Rose  Wilkinson, 
Children's  Memorial  Hospital;  Treas.,  Miss  R. 
Allison ;  Social  Convener,  Miss  A.  Cameron ; 
Representatives  to:  Private  Duty  Section,  Miss 
V.  Ford;   The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  M.  Collins. 


A. A.,  Homoeopathic  Hospital,  Montreal 


Hon.  Pres.  Miss  V.  Graham;  Pres.,  Miss  N. 
Gage;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  J.  Morris;  Sec.  Miss 
M.  Stewart.  865  Richmond  Sq. ;  Treas.  Mrs.  M.  I. 
Warren ;  Conveners :  Sick  Benefit,  Mrs.  War- 
ren;  Visiting:  Misses  Campbell,  Currie;  Pro- 
gram, Miss  Macdonald;  Refreshment,  Miss  Per- 
ron ;  General  Nursing  Section :  Misses  Allnutt, 
Snasdell-Taylor. 


Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  W.  McLean;  Rec  Sec. 
Miss  D.  Goodill;  Sec-Treas.,  Miss  Grace  Moffat, 
R.V.H.;  Board  of  Directors  (^ without  office): 
Miss  E.  Flanagan,  Mrs.  E.  O'Brien ;  Conveners 
of  Standing  Committees:  Finance,  Mrs.  R. 
Fetherstonhaugh ;  Program,  Miss  G.  Yeats; 
Scholarship,  Miss  W.  MacLean;  General  Nursing, 
Miss  E.  Killins;  Conveners  of  Other  Committees: 
Canteen,  Mrs.  W.  A.  G.  Bauld;  Red  Cross,  Mrs. 
F.  E.  McKenty;  Visiting,  Miss  Purcell;  Reps,  to: 
Local  Council  of  Women.  Mrs.  V.  Ward,  Miss 
K.  Dickson;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  G. 
Martin. 


A. A.,   St.    Mary's    Hospital,    Montreal 


Hon.  Pres.,  Rev.  Sister  Rozon;  Pres.,  Miss 
E.  O'Hare;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Smith;  Rec.  Sec 
Mrs.  L.  O'Connell;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  E.  O'Connell; 
4625  Eamscliffe  Ave.;  Treas..  Miss  E.  Quinn; 
Committees:  Entertainment:  Misses  Marwan,  D. 
McCarthy,  McDerby,  Ryan;  Visiting:  Misses 
Brown,  Coleman,  Mullins;  Spcial  Nurses:  Misses 
Goodman.  P.  McCarthy;  Reps,  to:  Press:  Misses 
Zurick,  Culligan ;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  E. 
Toner. 


A.A.,     School     for     Graduate     Nurses. 
McGtll     University,     Montreal 


A.A,     Lachine     General     Hospital,     Lachinc 


Honouran-  President.  Miss  L.  M.  Brown; 
President.  Miss  Ruby  Goodfellow;  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Miss  Myrtle  Gleason ;  Secretary-Treasurer, 
Mrs.  Byrtha  Jobber,  60-5 1st  Ave..  Dixie — La- 
chine;  General  Nursing  Representative,  Miss 
Ruby  Goodfellow;  Executive  Committee:  Mrs. 
Barlow.   Mrs.    Gaw.   Miss   Dewar. 


L'Association    des    Gardes-Malades    Diplomees, 
Hopital    Notre-Dame,    Montreal 

Hon.  Pres.,  R^v.  Sr.  Papineau;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  R^y.  Sr.  Dreary;  Pres.,  Mile  Eva  Mdrizzi; 
First  Vice-Pres.,  Miie  Germains  Latour;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Mile  Laurence  Deguire;  Rec.  Sec, 
Mile  Ola  Sarrazin ;  Corr.  Sec,  Mile  Bernadette 
Magnan,  2205  rue  Maisonneuve;  Assoc.  Sec, 
Mile  S.  B^laire;  Treas.,  Mile  Carmelle  Lamou- 
reux:  Ccnincillors:  Miles  M.  Lussier,  C.  Lazure, 
J.   Vanier. 


Pres.,  Miss  Margaret  Brady;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss 
Winnifred  McCunn;  Sec-Treas.,  Miss  Jessie 
Cooke,  W^oman's  General  Hospital,  Westmount; 
Conveners:  Flora  M.  Shaw  Memorial  Fund,  Mrs. 
L.  H.  Fisher;  Program,  Miss  R.  Lamb;  Represen- 
tatives to:  Local  Council  of  Women:  Mrs.  J.  R. 
Taylor,  Miss  E.  Martin;  The  Canadian  Nurse, 
Miss  C.  Aitkenhead,  Homoeopathic  Hospital. 


A.A.,  Woman's  General  Hospital,  Westmount 


Hon.  Presidents,  Misses  Trench.  Pearson;  Pres., 
Miss  C.  Martin;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  Crewe; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Rosen ;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss 
Van-Buskirk;  Corr.  Sec,  Mrs.  G.  Bentley,  3582 
University  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  Francis;  Committees: 
Visiting:  Misses  T.  Wood,  G.  Wilson;  Social: 
Mrs.  Saginur,  Miss  Yellin ;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian 
Nwse,  Miss  Francis. 


A. A..    Jeffery    Hale's    Hospital,    Quebec 


A.A.,    Montreal    General    Hospital,    Montreal 

Hon.  Presidents,  Miss  Webster,  Miss  Tedford; 
Hon.  Treasurer,  Miss  Dunlop;  President.  Miss 
Catherine  Anderson;  First  Vice-President  Miss 
Bertha  Birch;  Second  Vice-President,  Miss  Mar>' 
Long;  Recording  Secretary,  Miss  Jean  McNair; 
Corresponding  Secretary,  Miss  Mabel  Shannon. 
Nurses  Home.  Montreal  General  Hospital;  Trea- 
surer, Miss  Isabel  Davies;  Committees:  Execu- 
tive: Misses  M.  K.  Holt,  A,  Whitney,  H.  Bartsch, 
E.  Robertson,  Mrs.  F.  Johnston;  Program:  Misses 
M.  Batson  E.  Denman,  K.  Annesley:  Refresh- 
ment: Misses  Clifford  Cconvener).  Michie.  A. 
Scott,  B.  Broadhurst.  M.  McQuarrie:  Visiting: 
Misses  M.  Ross,  B.  Miller.  H.  Christian;  Repre- 
sentatives to:  General  Nursing  Section:  Misses 
A.  Whitney,  M.  McLeod,  C.  Pope.  J.  Ross;  Local 
Council  of  Women:  Misses  A.  Costigan,  M.  Ste- 
vens;  The  Canadian  Nurse:  Miss  C.  Watling. 

A. A.,    Royal    Victoria    Hospital,    Montreal 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  Mabel  Hersey;  Pres..  Mrs. 
U.    ^.  Taylor;   First   Vice-Pres..  Miss  F.  Munroe; 


Pres..  Mrs.  A.  W.  G.  Macalister;  First  Vice- 
Pres.,  Mrs.  L.  Teakle;  Sec  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  G. 
Weary:  Sec,  Miss  M.  G.  Fischer.  305  Grande 
Allee;  Treas..  Mrs.  W.  D.  Fleming;  Councillors: 
Misses  Wolfe,  Kennedy,  Fitzpatrick,  Ross,  Mrs. 
Pfeiffer;  Committees:  Refreshment:  Misses  Kirt- 
sen,  Jones,  Warren,  Dawson;  Visiting:  Misses 
Douglas  (convener),  Martin.  Mmes.  Raphael. 
Gray;  Program:  Mmes.  Young,  Teakle,  Misses 
Lunam.  Douglas;  Reps,  to:  Private  Dutv  Sec- 
tion: Misses  Walsh,  Perry;  The  Canadian  Nurse, 
Miss  N.  Humphries. 


A. A.,    Sherbrooke    Hospital.    Sherbrooke 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  V.  K.  Bean ;  Pres..  Mrs.  H. 
Leslie:  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  N.  Malone;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  G.  Ransehousen :  Rec.  Sec, 
Mrs.  G.  Sanffster;  Corr.  Sec,  Airs.  R.  Mooney, 
174  Portland  Ave.;  Entertainment  Convener, 
Mrs.  'W .  Cohoon ;  Represeniativet,  to:  Private 
D'liy  Section.  Miss  D.  Ross;  The  Canadian  Nurse, 
Mrs.   G.   MacKav.   .S5    Bethune   St. 


824 


THE   CANADIAN   NURSE 


SASKATCHEWAN 

A. A.,  Grey  Nuns'  Hospital,  Regina 
Honourary  President,  Sr.  M.  J.  Tougas;  Presi- 
dent. Mrs.  A.  Counter;  Vice-President,  Mrs. 
F.  Racette;  Secretary-Treasurer,  Mrs.  R.  Mo- 
gridge;  Corresponding  Secretary,  Miss  Ina  M. 
Montgomery,  Grey  Nuns'  Hospital. 

A. A.,   Regina  General  Hospital,   Regina 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  D.  Wilson;  Pres.,  Miss  M. 
Brown ;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  R.  Ridley ;  Sec., 
Miss  V.  Mann.  Regina  General  Hospital;  Treas., 
Miss  E.  Sweltzer,  R.G.H.;  Representatives  to: 
Local  Paper,  Miss  G.  Glasgow;  The  Canadian 
Nurse,  Miss  K.  Sharp. 

A. A.,    St.    Paul's    Hospital,    Saskatoon 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sister  La  Pierre;  Pres.,  Miss  F. 
Bateman;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Bohl ;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  E,  Turner;  Sec,  Miss  C. 
Castagnier,   St.  Paul's  Hospital;   Treas.,   Miss  L. 


Strate;  Councillors:  Mrs.  A.  Hyde,  Mrs.  A. 
Thompson,  Miss  A.  Templeman,  Mrs.  H.  Mackay; 
Ways  &  Means  Committee:  Mrs.  C.  Darbellay, 
Mrs.  B.  Hayes,  Mrs.  A.  Barker. 

A.A.,  Saskatoon  City  Hospital,  Saskatoon 
Hon.  Pres..  Miss  E.  Howard;  Pres.,  Miss  M. 
Chisholm;  Vice-Pres..  Miss  Collins,  Miss  Grant; 
Rec.  Sec.  Miss  D.  Bjarnason;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss 
D.  Duff,  S.C.H.;  Treas.,  Miss  E.  Graham;  Con- 
veners: Ways  &  Means,  Mrs.  C.  Fletcher;  Social, 
Mrs.  J.  Gibson;  Proffram,  Mrs.  H.  Atwell;  Red 
Cross,  Mrs.  T  BInnie;  Visiting  &  Flower,  Miss 
V.  Bergren ;   Press,  Miss  M.   Fofonoff. 

A. A.,    Yorkton    Queen    Victoria    Hospital,    Yorkton 

Honourary  President,  Mrs.  L.  V.  Barnes;  Pre- 
sident, Mrs.  J.  Young;  Vice-President,  Miss  E. 
Flanagan;  Secretary.  Mrs.  T.  E.  Darroch.  59 
Haultain  Ave.;  Treasurer,  Mrs.  G.  Heard;  Coun- 
cillors: Mrs.  W.  Sharpe,  Mrs.  F.  Kisby,  Mrs.  J. 
Parker;  Social  Convener,  Mrs.  G.  Parsons;  Re- 
presentative to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Mrs.  W. 
Sharpe. 


Associations  of  Graduate  Nurses 


Overseas     Nursing    Sisters     Assoeiatiea 
of    Canada 

Pres.,  Miss  F.  Munroe,  Royal  Victoria  Hos- 
pital, Montreal;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  C.  M. 
Watling,  Montreal;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  H.  Palce, 
Montreal;  Third  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  B.  Anderson. 
Ottawa;  Sec.-Treas.,  Miss  E.  Frances  Upton, 
Ste  1019,  Medical  Arts  Bldg.,  Montreal;  Re- 
presentatives from  Local  Unit:  Mrs.  C.  E.  Bi- 
saillon,  753  Bienville  St..  Apt.  5,  Montreal; 
Miss  M.  Moag,  V.  O.  N.,  Montreal. 


lUUTISH   COLUMBIA 

Kamloops   Graduate   Nurses    Association 

Pres.,  Mrs.  Markley;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  O.  Gar- 
rood;  Sec,  Miss  E.  Davis.  Royal  Inland  Hos- 
pital; Treas.  Miss  F.  Aberdeen;  Committee  Con- 
veners: Program,  Mrs.  R.  Howard;  Social,  Mrs. 
S.  Dalgleish;  Ways  &  Means,  Miss  M.  Williams; 
Membership,  Miss  Naylor;  Representatives  to 
The  Canadian  Nurse,  Misses  J.  Norquay,  Turn- 
bull. 

Nelson    Chapter,     Registered    Nurses    Association    of 
British  Columbia 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  V.  B.  Eidt;  Pres.,  Miss  Turn- 
bull;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  B.  Laing;  Sec.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Miss  B.  Hayden ;  Sec.  Miss  H.  Tompkins. 
Kootenay  Lake  Gen.  Hospital:  Treas.,  Miss  G. 
Carr;  Committees:  General  Nvising,  Miss  K. 
Scott;  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  V. 
Eidt;  Public  Health.  Miss  N.  Dunn;  Ways  & 
Means.  Miss  E.  Sutherland:  Social  &  Program, 
Miss  M.  Bower;  Visiting,  Miss  N.  Murphy;  Mem- 
bership, Miss  J.  Boutwell;  Library.  Mrs.  A. 
O'Connor:  Rep.  to  Th*  Canadian  Niirse.  Miss  M. 
Ross. 

New    Westminster    Graduate    Nurses    Association 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  C.  E.  Clark;  Pres..  Mrs.  A. 
Way:  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  E.  Scott  Grey;  Sec 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  A.  MacPhail;  Sec,  Miss  E. 
Beatt.  243  Keary  St.;  Treas.,  Mrs.  T.  Jones; 
Assist.  Sec  &  Treas..  Miss  B.  Smith. 


Trail  Chapter,  Registered  Nurses  Association  of 
British  Columbia 
President,  Miss  Marjory  Fletcher;  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Miss  Edythe  Crosson;  Secretary,  Mlsa 
Phyllis  Slader.  Nurses  Residence,  Trail-Tadanac 
Hospital,  Trail;  Treasurer,  Miss  Eileen  Somer- 
ville ;  Representative  to  The  Canadian  Nurse, 
Miss   Joyce    Greenwood. 

Victoria    Chapter,    Registered    Nurses    Association 
of  British   Columbia 

Pres..  Mrs.  J.  H.  Russell;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Sr.  M.  Claire:  Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  H.  Latornell; 
Rec.  Sec,  Miss  G.  Wahl;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  H. 
Unsworth.  Royal  Jubilee  Hospital;  Treas..  Miss 
N.  Knipe;  Conveners:  General  Nursing,  Miss  K. 
Powell:  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing.  Sr.  M. 
Gregorj';  Public  Health,  Miss  H.  Kilpatrick; 
Directory,  Mrs.  G.  Bothwell;  Finance,  Miss  M. 
Dickson ;  Membership,  Sr.  M.  Gabrielle ;  Program, 
Miss  D.  Calquhoun ;  Publications,  Miss  M.  La- 
turnus :  Nominating,  Miss  L.  Fraser ;  Corr.  Dele- 
gate of  Placement  Bureau,  Mrs.  Bothwell;  Re- 
gistrar, Miss  E.  Franks. 


MANITOBA 

Brandon  Graduate  Nurses  Association 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  E.  Dirties.  O.B.E.:  Pres.,  Mrs. 
S.  Purdue:  Vice-Pres..  Miss  M.  Morton,  Sec, 
Miss  A.  Crighton.  Brandon  General  Hospital; 
Treas..  Mrs.  J.  Selbie:  Registrar,  Miss  C.  Mac- 
leod :  Conveners:  Red  Cross,  Mrs.  H.  McKenzie; 
Social.  Miss  M.  Trotter;  Press.  Miss  W.  Mitchell: 
General  Nursing,  Miss  G.  Lament;  Rep.  to  The 
Cinadian  Nurse,  Miss  G.   Kennettle. 


QUEBEC 

Montreal    Graduate    Nurses    Association 

President,  Miss  Effie  Killins;  Flist  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  Clarice  Smith;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Lil- 
lian MacKinnon;  Hon.  Sec.-Treas.,  Miss  Doro- 
thy Shoemaker,  1230  Bishop  St.;  Director  of 
Nursing  Registry,  Miss  E.  B.  Ross,  1284  Bishop 
St.  Regular  meetings  second  Tuesday  January, 
first    Tuesday    April.    October,   and    December. 


NOVEMBER 

19     4     2 


r 


IHt 


+ 


CANADIAN 
NURSE 


OWNED       AND       PUBLISHED       BY 


lir  r«nivTX¥~kTMivT  m.TT¥Yinv-<rt  m  rt  r* 


r~k  r^  a    «   ran  ■  d-\  m.T 


tfUi£S'Wt0\:  Can  I  depend  on  the  common  foods  to  supply  the  vitamins 
and  minerals  my  family  needs? 

A.^SWEft:  Yes.  you  can.  By  following  a  recently  devised  pattern  for 
diet  planning,  you  can  be  certain  of  obtaining  adequate  amounts  of  all  the 
nutrients,  the  vitamins  and  minerals  included,  from  the  common  foods  (1). 
In  this  scheme  the  common  foods  are  classified  according  to  similarities  in 
nutritive  values  into  twelve  groups;  and  the  food  requirements  of  the 
individual  members  of  your  family  are  expressed  as  quantities  of  these  same 
twelve  food  groups.  Hence,  by  including  the  specified  quantities  of  foods 
from  the  various  groups  in  the  diet  during  a  convenient  period  —  say  a  week 
—  an  adequate  intake  of  all  nutrients  is  assured.  Freedom  of  food  selection 
within  a  group  allows  a  flexibility  in  choice  of  foods  as  may  be  dictated  by 
economic  factors,  local,  racial,  or  religious  customs. 

The  ready  availability  of  a  large  variety  of  foods,  many  as  convenient  and 
economical  canned  products,  make  it  easy  to  follow  dietary  patterns,  all  year- 
round,  which  assure  adequate  intakes  of  mineral  and  vitamins. 

American  Can  Company,  Hamilton,  Ontario; 
American  Can  Company  Ltd.,  Vancouver,  B.C. 


(1)  1939.  Food  and  Life;  Yearbook  of  Agri- 
culture, U.  S.  Dept.  Agriculture, 
U.  S.  Gov't.  Printing  Office  — 
Washington,  D.  C. 


1940.  J.  Am.  Med.  Assn.  114,  548 


B-PLEXWYETH 


S.M.A.— BIOCHEMICAL  DIVISION 


John  Wyeth  &  Brother  (Canada)  Limited 


WALKERVILLE.   ONTARIO 


82S 


N6W  under-arm 

Cream  Deodorant 

safely 

Stops  Perspiration 


1.  Does  not  harm  dresses — does  not 
irritate  skin. 

2.  No  waiting  to  dry.  Can  be  used 
right  after  shaving. 

3.  Instantly  checks  perspiration  for  1 
to  3  days.  Removes  odor  from 
perspiration. 

4.  A  pure  white,  greaseless,  stainless 
vanishing  cream. 

5.  Arrid  has  been  awarded  the 
Approval  Seal  of  the  American 
Institute  of  Laundering,  for  being 
harmless  to  fabrics. 


Arrid  is  fhe  LARGEST 
SELLING  DEODOR- 
ANT. .  .Try  a  jar  today 
...  at  any  store  wiiich 
sells  toilet  goods. 


ARRID 


39' 


a  |ar 

AT  ALL  STORES  WHICH  SELL  TOILET  GOODS 
(Also  in  15  cent  and  59  cent  jars) 


There's  a  finished  art  in  its  making 
which  gives  Coca-Cola  a  special 
quality ...  its  unique  taste  comes  from 
a  blend  of  pure,  wholesome  essences 
—  refreshment  that  can't  be  copied. 


REGISTRATION  OF  NURSES 
Province  of  Ontario 


EXAMINATION 

ANNOUNCEMENT 


An  examination  for  the  Registra- 
tion of  Nurses  in  the  Province  of 
Ontario  w^ill  be  held  on  November 
18th,  19th  and  20th. 

Application  forms,  information 
regarding  subjects  of  examination 
and  general  information  relating 
thereto,  may  be  had  upon  written 
application  to: 


fALEXANERA  M.  MUNN,  Reg.  N., 
Parliament   Buildings,  Toronto 


826 


Blueprint  for  Victory  woricers 

(female) 


Upon  the  physician  and  his  nursing  aids  at  home  falls  the  burden  of  keeping  Mr. 
America — ondport/cu/ar/yAliss  ond  Mrs.  America — on  the  job,  working  for  victory. 
To  every  girl  or  v/oman  in  war  work,  their  exhortation  might  well  be — 

Don't  let  morale  ebb  with  the  flow! 

It  is  one  of  life's  little  ironies — that  a  vulval  irritation  can  temporarily  sabotage 
devotion  to  duty — that  hygienic  insecurity  can  distract  patriotic  effort  .  .  . 
ond  so  unnecessan7y.' 

The  many  unique  advantages  that  have  made  Tampax  so  highly  favored 
for  years  by  women  in  sports,  in  business,  and  in  social  life,  can  today  be 
enjoyed  with  even  greater  expedience  by  the  volunteer  war  worker,  and  the 
girl  on  the  assembly  line. 

Primarily  (of  course),  Tampax  has  exceptionally  high  absorptive  capacity — 
it  can  be  introduced  without  oriflcial  stress — it  expands  flat,''  providing  comfort 
in  situ^it  is  cross-fibre  stitched  against  disintegration,'^  assuring  dainty  removal 
without  probing — and  it  comes  in  three  sizes*  to  meet  individual  daily  needs. 

But,  of  particular  importance,  its  gentle  intravoginal  contact  is  free  from  the 
prospect  of  internal  or  external  irritation;  it  does  not  expose  the  flux  to  odorous 
decomposition;anditcannotcausenoticeablebulkiness.  In  short,  it  is  convenient, 
comfortable — and  confidential.  The  sense  of  freedom  and  poise  it  encourages 
can  help  keep  morale  at  the  peak  during  trying  days  when  every  hour  counts. 

Have  you  samples  for  demonstration?  The  coupon  will  see  that  you  get  them. 

*Tanipon  features,  exclusive  with  Tampox. 

CANADIAN  TAMPAX  CORPORATION    LIMITED 
533  College  Street  Toronto,   Ontario 


TA/v\PAX 


ACCEPTED    FOR    ADVERTISING   BY    JOURNAL    OF    THE    AMERICAN    MEDICAL    ASSOCIATION 


CANADIAN    TAMPAX 

CORP.    LTD.,  Name 

53?  Colleec  St., 
Toronto.   Ont.  Address 

Please  send  me  a  professional  sup- 
ply of  the  three  siies  of  Tompax.  Qify 


827 


The   Canadian   Nurse 

Registered    at    Ottawa,    Canada,    as    second    class    matter. 

Editor  and  Business  Manager: 
ETHEL  JOHNS,  Reg.  N.,  1411   Crescent  Street,  Montreal,  P.Q. 


CONTENTS  FOR  NOVEMBER,  1942 

One  Having  Authority        ---------833 

Chemotherapy  with  Sulphonamide  Drugs        -         -   K.  J.  R.  Wightman,  M.D.  835 

Nursing  Care  of  Patients  undergoing  Chemotherapy       -         -      L.  Bailey  837 

Autumn  Comes  in  Aklavik  -------     A/.  Rundle  838 

"Well,  but  Busy"      -         -         -         -         -         -         -          -S.  Squires  841 

Plain  Talk  from  Manitoba           -         -         -         -         -         -  E.  J.  Wilson  84  3 

The  Provisional  Council  of  University  Schools  and  Departments  of  Nur- 
sing         -          -          -          -         -          -          -          -          -  K.  W.  Ellis  845 

The  Illegal  Traffic  in  Narcotic  Drugs         -         -         A.  M.  Shinbane,  K.  C.  847 

The  Industrial  Nurse         -         -         -         -         -    F.  D.  Cruickshank,  M.B.  8  50 

Notes  from  the  National  Office           _______  855 

Annual  Meeting  in  New  Brunswick      -         -         -         -         -    A.  F.  Law  858 

A  Comparison  of  Health  Service  in  Elementary  and  Secondary  Schools 

W.  V.  Godard  859 

Educational  Aspects  of  the  Toronto  Health  Service       -          E.  Cryderman  864 

The  Integration  of  Health  and  Community  Aspects  in  the  Basic  Course 

M.  Street  and  I.  Harvey  867 

A  Blood  Donor  Service  in  Halifax       -----       F.  Brown  872 

In  Charge  at  Night  -         -         -         -         -         -         -       ].  M.  Johnson  875 

The  Professional  Nurse     -         -         -         -         -         -         -  C.  Hopkins  877 

Esther  Augusta  Rothery    ---------  878 

Fifty  Years  Ago        -         -         -         -         -         -         -     A.  E.  Hutchison  879 

News  Notes     -----------  886 


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Editor,    The   Canadian   Nurse,    1411    Crescent   Street,    Montreal,    P.Q. 


828  Vol.  38,  No.  11 


All  too  frequently,  the  man  with  a  tendency  to  gastric  upsets  is 
addicted  to  unwise  eating  habits.  Reforming  these  individuals 
takes  time  and  patience.  In  the  meantime,  palliative  treatment 
can  be  provided  by  the  prescription  of  a  dependable  gastric  ant- 
acid such  as  Cal-Bis-Ma.  It  is  surprising  what  a  teaspoonful  of 
Cal-Bis-Ma  can  do  by  way  of  prompt  and  prolonged  relief  from 
the  distress  of  gastric  hyperacidity. 


May  we  send  you  a  trial  supply  ?  Please 
write  your  request  on  your  letter- 
head. Cal-Bis-Ma  powder  is  supplied 
in  tins  of  1%  and  4  ounces.  A  palat- 
able preparation,  Cal-Bis-Ma  is  very 
easy  to  take. 


William  R.  W\rxer  &  Co.,  Ltd.  •  727  King  Street,  W.,  Toronto,  Ont. 


829 


Reader's  Guide 


In  the  leading  article,  a  plea  is  made  for 
a  better  understanding  of  what  it  means  to 
be  One  having  authority.  The  woman  who 
keeps  the  wheels  of  nursing  service  turning, 
under  conditions  which  would  lay  most  of 
us  low,  does  not  look  for  praise.  A  measure 
of  loyalty  and  support  is  the  only  reward 
she  asks  of  us. 


The  therapeutic  value  of  the  sulphonamide 
drugs  continues  to  be  demonstrated  in  all 
sorts  of  ways.  Dr.  K.  J.  R.  Wightman  and 
Lillian  Bailey  discuss  their  use  from  the 
standpoint  of  the  physician  and  the  nurse 
respectively.  Dr.  Wightman  is  resident  phys- 
ician at  the  Toronto  General  Hospital  and 
Miss  Bailey  is  head  nurse  in  the  Medical 
Ward.  These  articles  were  obtained  through 
the  committee  of  staff  nurses,  organized  to 
get  material  for  publication  in  the  Jckirnal. 
which  is  under  the  direction  of  Miss  Mary 
Macfarland. 


The  extent  to  which  the  community  has 
the  right  to  expect  student  nurses  to  carry 
the  nursing  load  in  hospitals  is  open  to  ques- 
tion. In  the  course  of  some  plain  talk  from 
Manitoba,  and  out  of  her  experience  as  chair- 
man of  the  legislative  committee  of  the 
Provincial  Association  of  Registered  Nurses, 
Elsie  J,  Wilson  suggests  an  apt  answer. 


Traffic  in  narcotic  drugs  affects  the 
health  and  welfare  of  young  Canadians.  Mr. 
A.  M.  Shinbane,  K.  C,  prosecuting  counsel 
for  Manitoba  in  narcotic  matters,  gives  us 
an  insight  into  this  complex  and  dangerous 
situation. 


Industrial  nursing  has  expanded  enormous- 
ly as  a  result  of  the  war  and  Dr.  F.  D. 
Cruickshank  offers  eminently  practical  ad- 
vice which  should  be  carefully  studied  by 
every  nurse  engaged  in  this  field.  Dr. 
Cruickshank  is  the  medical  officer  of  the 
National  Steel  Car  Corporation  Ltd.,  Mal- 
ton,  Ontario. 


The  integretion  of  health  and  community 
aspects  in  the  basic  course  is  steadily  being 
accomplished.  Margaret  Street  in  collabora- 
tion with  Irene  Meyer  discuss  this  vital  sub- 
ject from  many  angles.  Miss  Street  is  now 
instructor  of  nurses  at  the  Misericordia  Hos- 
pital, Winnipeg,  and  Miss  Meyer  has  be- 
come Mrs.  G.  F.  Harvey.  Both  authors  re- 
cently took  the  course  in  teaching  offered 
at  the  ^IcGill  School  for  Graduate  Nurses. 


Blood  donors  are  more  in  demand  than 
ever  and  Frances  Brown  tells  us  how  the 
work  of  the  blood  clinic  in  Halifax  is  car- 
ried on.  Previous  to  her  appointment  as  tech- 
nician at  the  clinic.  Miss  Brown  was  en- 
gaged in  private  duty  nursing. 


Education  in  personal  and  public  health 
begins  in  the  schools  and  should  be  carried 
on  throughout  the  school  life  of  every  child. 
W.  V.  Godard  makes  an  illuminating  com- 
parison between  the  health  services  provided 
in  elementary  and  secondary  schools.  Miss 
Godard  is  supervisor  of  the  division  of  pub- 
lic health  nursing.  Department  of  Health, 
St.  Catharines,  Ontario. 


Two  graduates  of  the  Mack  Training 
School  of  St.  Catharines  General  Hospital 
have  contributed  to  this  issue.  Mildred 
Rundle  gives  a  vivid  picture  of  how  autumn 
comes  to  Aklavik  and  Ann  E.  Hutchison 
tells  us  about  her  student  days  in  the  first 
school  of  nursing  in  Canada,  fifty  years  ago. 


All  progressive  schools  of  nursing  offer 
their  students  some  experience  in  community 
nursing.  Eileen  Cryderman  describes  the 
educational  opportunities  offered  by  the  To- 
ronto Health  Service,  whereby  the  students 
in  many  schools  obtain  an  elementary  knowl- 
edge of  .the  principles  of  public  health  nurs- 
ing. Miss  Cryderman  is  herself  a  member  of 
the  staff  of  the  Health  Service. 


•  Anacin  is  also  of  value  in  relieving 
pain  associated  with  normal  menstrua- 
tion. Follow  directions  on  the  package. 


^THE  ANACIN   COMPANY      ♦      WALKERVILLE,  ONTARIO 


If  patients  in  your  hospital  are  laxative-shy — and  a  good 
many   undoubtedly   are  —  give   them   Para-Syllia.    This 
pleasant-acting  mechanical   laxative  —  although  it   con- 
tains 80  %  heavy  mineral  oil  —  is  entirely  free  from  the 
disagreeable,  oily  taste  so  many  patients  find  objection- 
able.    Instead,    Para-Syllia    has    a    delicate,    appealing      < 
flavor  that  is  acceptable  to  children  and  adults  alike.  Because 
its   mineral  oil   base  is   finely  emulsified,    Para-Syllia  mixes 
intimately  with  intestinal  contents,  producing  a  soft,  formed 
stool  and  minimizing  embarrassing  leakage.  An  additional  advan- 
tage  of   Para-Syllia   is   that   it   may   be   mixed,   if   desired,   with 
liquids  or  solid  foods.  Since  it  contains  no  sugar,  Para-Syllia  is  a 
desirable   laxative   for   diabetics   suffering   from   chronic   intestinal 
stasis.   For  more  obstinate  cases  of  constipation,  Para-Syllia  with 
Phenolphthalein,  each  tablespoonful  containing  approximately  %  gr.        L 
of  phenolphthalein,  is  recommended.  Both  are  supplied  in  12-ounce  ^ 

wide-mouth  bottles.  Abbott  Laboratories,  Ltd.,  Montreal.  ^ 


Para-Syllia 


832 


CANADIAN   NURSE 

A     MONTHLY     JOURNAL     FOR     THE     NURSES     OF     CANADA 

PUBLISHED     BY     THE     CANADIAN     NURSES     ASSOCIATION 

VOLUME  THIRTY-EIGHT  NUMBER  ELEVEN 

NOVEMBER  1942 


One  Having  Authority 


The  problem  of  providing  competent 
and  adequate  nursing  care  for  patients 
in  our  civilian  hospitals  has  become  in- 
creasingly difficult  during  the  past  few 
months.  The  fact  that  it  is  being  pro- 
vided at  all  is  due  to  the  unselfish  and 
untiring  effort  put  forth  by  hundreds  of 
nurses,  the  country  over,  who  have 
stayed  with  their  jobs  knowing  full  well 
that  they  will  never  share  the  glory  and 
applause  which  are  the  just  reward  ac- 
corded to  more  spectacular  nursing  serv- 
ices. 

The  almost  complete  absence  of  do- 
mestic help  has  further  complicated  the 
situation.  In  many  hospitals,  graduate 
and  student  nurses  are  sweeping  floors, 
washing  dishes,  even  at  a  pinch  helping 
in  the  laundry.  Just  how  long  they  can 
be  expected  to  continue  to  take  up  the 
slack  is  a  question  which  demands  more 
attention  than  so  far  has  been  given  to 
it.  Signs  are  not  wanting,  however,  that 
relief  must  be  got  somehow  or  other  be- 


NOVEMBER,    1942 


fore  long,  even  if  it  be  through  the 
channels  of  selective  service. 

While  nurses  of  every  rank  have 
made  a  heroic  effort  to  keep  the  wheels 
turning,  there  is  one  woman  in  every 
hospital  who  "takes  the  buffet  and 
cushions  the  shock".  That  woman  is  the 
superintendent  of  nurses  who,  by  the 
very  nature  of  her  position,  must  exer- 
cise authority  over  others.  Only  those 
who  have  themselves  faced  up  to  it, 
can  understand  how  heavy  and  lonely 
is  the  task  with  which  this  woman  is 
confronted.  Heavy  because  it  carries 
such  a  load  of  responsibility  with  it. 
Lonely,  because  it  involves  decisions 
which,  for  good  or  ill,  she  must  make 
for  herself.  If  the  decision  happens  to 
be  right,  she  seldom  gets  credit  for  hav- 
ing made  it.  If  it  is  wrong,  she  must 
take  the  consequences  and  keep  a  stiff 
upper  lip. 

Usually  these  decisions  are  related  to 
eminently  practical  problems  which  call 


83i 


834 


THE     CANADIAN    NURSE 


for  immediate  action.  Here  are  a  few 
of  them.  The  night  supervisor  is  called 
up  for  military  service  at  short  notice. 
Who  on  earth  can  be  persuaded  to  take 
her  place?  Three  student  nurses  report 
in  one  morning  with  swollen  jaws  and 
say  that  they  think  they  have  mumps.  It 
turns  out  that  their  diagnosis  is  correct. 
Miss  Jones  should  not  stay  a  day  longer 
in  surger)^  because  she  is  due  to  take  her 
affiliation  course  in  pediatrics.  But  Dr. 
Smith  is  so  fussy  whenever  a  new  face 
appears  in  the  operating  room,  and  it 
is  important  to  keep  on  the  good  side 
of  him.  Perhaps  when  he  has  been  on 
the  school  of  nursing  committee  a  bit 
longer  he  will  be  less  difficult  to  man- 
age. The  business  manager  complains 
that  clerical  help  simply  can't  be  found, 
so  can  a  nurse  please  be  spared  to  re- 
lieve on  Sundays.  The  housekeeper  says 
that  the  nurses  will  have  to  look  after 
their  own  bedrooms  and  wait  on  them- 
selves in  the  dining  room.  And  so  it  goes, 
from  morning  to  night.  Someone  has 
to  reconcile  these  conflicting  demands. 
Someone  has  to  smooth  these  ruffled 
tempers.  Someone  has  to  make  the  right 
decision  and  act  upon  it  promptly.  Some- 
one having  authority. 

It  has  been  said  that  in  any  organiza- 
tion there  is  always  an  unconscious  cons- 
piracy against  authority.  And  it  is  natural 
enough  when  one  comes  to  think  of  it. 
Most  of  us  would  rather  have  our  own 


way  than  take  orders  from  someone 
else,  no  matter  how  just  and  decent  she 
may  be.  As  a  rule  we  do  realize  that,  for 
the  sake  of  the  common  good,  we  ought 
to  adjust  ourselves  and  obey.  But  few 
of  us  really  like  doing  it.  If  the  one  hav- 
ing authority  happens  to  be  a  sensitive 
and  imaginative  woman  (and  she  some- 
times is)  she  is  perfectly  aware  of  this  at- 
titude of  mind,  and  does  her  best  to 
make  allowance  for  it.  If  she  is  frank 
with  herself,  she  knows  that  this  is  the 
price  she  must  pay  for  the  doubtful  pri- 
vilege of  holding  a  position  of  power 
and  influence.  Sometimes  the  price 
seems  a  little  high. 

One  word  more.  When  the  history 
of  nursing  education  comes  to  be  written 
the  contribution  made  by  the  superin- 
tendent of  nurses  should  not  be  forgot- 
ten. It  is  she  who  wrings  one  concession 
after  another  out  of  an  unwilling  board 
of  directors.  It  is  she  who  keeps  the  af- 
filiation schedule  going  even  when  she 
doesn't  know  where  to  find  a  night 
nurse  for  the  woman's  medical.  In  sea- 
son and  out,  she  fights  for  shorter  hours 
and  better  salaries.  When  things  go 
wrong,  she  shuts  the  office  door  for  a 
minute  and  hopes  the  telephone  won't 
ring.  Then  she  goes  out  and  does  some- 
thing about  it.  Usually  the  right  thing, 
too.  She  is  one  having  authority. 

-E.J. 


Among  the  Missing 


As  the  Journal  goes  to  press,  the  name  of 
Nursing  Sister  Agnes  W.  Wilkie,  R.C.N., 
is  listed  among  the  missing  after  the  sink- 
ing of  the  Newfoundland  ferry,  S.  S.  Cari- 
bou, as  a  result  of  enemy  action.  Miss  Wilkie 
entered  the  Naval  Nursing  Service  in  Feb- 
ruary of  this  year  and  was  proceeding  to 
Newfoundland  for  duty  at  the  Naval  Base 
Hospital.  She  was  a  graduate  of  the  School 


of  Nursing  of  the  Winnipeg  General  Hos- 
pital and  her  family  resides  in  Carman,  Ma- 
nitoba. Although  it  is  considered  unlikely  that 
Nursing  Sister  Wilkie  can  have  survived 
the  disaster,  it  is  known  that  she  made  a 
brave  fight  for  her  life  and  that  therefore 
a  spark  of  hope  still  remains  that  she  may 
have  been  rescued. 

Vol.  38.  No.  11 


i 


chemotherapy  with  Sulphonamide  Drugs 

K.   J.   R.  WiGHTMAN,  M.   D. 


Since  1935  a  group  of  drugs  has  been 
placed  at  our  disposal  which  has  had 
a  more  far-reaching  effect  than  any 
other  agent  we  know.  These  drugs  are 
known  as  sulphonamides  because  of  si- 
milarities in  their  chemical  make-up, 
and  the  most  important  members  of 
the  group  are  sulphanilamide,  sulphapy- 
ridine,  sulphathiazole,  and  sulphadiazine. 
The  story  of  their  development  is  a 
fascinating  one,  marked  by  the  most 
careful  research  on  the  part  of  chemists, 
bacteriologists,  clinicians,  and  pharma- 
cological experts.  There  is  therefore 
available  a  greater  body  of  scientific 
data  for  our  guidance  in  the  use  of 
these  drugs  than  we  have  for  most 
others.  From  this  we  can  derive  a  few 
relatively  simple  principles,  which,  coup- 
led with  what  we  know  of  the  diseases 
involved,  lends  a  peculiarly  rational  and 
logical  aspect  to  this  type  of  treatment  — 
an  aspect,  however,  which  does  not 
always  find  application. 

From  what  has  been  discovered,  it 
can  be  said  that  the  drugs  work  by  in- 
terfering with  the  abihty  of  bacteria  to 
make  use  of  their  food,  thus  preventing 
them  from  growing,  multiplying,  and 
producing  toxic  substances.  Under  these 
circumstances  the  natural  defence  me- 
chanisms of  the  body  are  able  to  attack 
the  bacteria  successfully,  and  kill  them 
off.  Unfortunately,  not  all  bacteria  are 
susceptible  to  this  action,  a  fact  which 
makes  it  necessary  for  us  to  determine 
as  soon  as  p)ossible  what  bacteria  are  in- 
volved in  each  patient's  disease.  This 
involves  the  collection  of  sputum,  blood 
cultures,  swabs,  etc.  before  any  drug 
is  given,  for  once  the  treatment  has 
begun  the  cultures  may  not  be  satis- 
factory. 


Then  we  find  that  successful  therapy 
demands  that  we  have  a  definite  meas- 
urable amount  of  the  drug  present  in 
the  place  where  the  bacteria  are  grow- 
ing. We  are  fortunate  in  being  able  to 
measure  the  concentrations  of  these 
drugs  in  blood,  spinal  fluid,  and  so 
forth,  and  we  make  use  of  frequent 
blood  level  estimations  in  carrying  out 
our  treatment.  Our  aim  is  to  produce 
a  good  blood  level  as  soon  as  possible, 
maintain  it  at  a  high  level  for  a  day  or 
so,  and  then  allow  it  to  run  along  at  a 
lower  level  until  we  feel  that  all  rem- 
nants of  the  infection  have  been  eradi- 
cated. The  drug  can  then  be  discon- 
tinued without  fear  of  relapse. 

To  accomplish  this,  it  is  necessary  to 
give  relatively  enormous  doses  for  the 
first  day,  with  successive  decrements 
until  the  drug  is  discontinued.  The  ini- 
tial large  doses  are  intended  to  saturate 
the  whole  body  with  the  drug  and  build 
up  a  high  level.  At  this  stage  there  will 
be  tremendous  numbers  of  bacteria 
present,  so  it  is  logical  to  suppose  that 
more  drug  will  be  needed.  Later  on, 
blood  levels  can  be  maintained  by  re- 
placing only  what  is  excreted  by  the 
kidneys  and  destroyed  in  the  body,  so  the 
doses  do  not  need  to  be  so  large.  In 
addition,  the  numbers  of  bacteria  in- 
volved wiU  be  decreasing.  If  clinical 
improvement  occurs,  as  evidence  of  this 
decrease  in  bacterial  numbers,  then  one 
can  allow  the  level  to  fall  somewhat. 
If  at  any  stage  along  the  way  we  allow 
the  level  to  fall  too  low,  the  infection 
is  apt  to  hght  up  again.  We  find  that 
this  happens  unless  frequent  doses  are 
given  at  regular  intervals  —  hence  the 
necessity  for  giving  these  drugs  every 
four  hours,  day  and  night.   Hence  also 


NOVEMBER,    1942 


83S 


836 


THE     CANADIAN    NURSE 


the  necessity  for  a  hard-hearted  attitude 
toward  the  vomiting  patien*",  for  a  dose 
which  is  vomited  within  an  hour  of  its 
administration  must  be  considered  a 
dose  missed,  so  that  we  must  ask  them  to 
try  again.  Nausea  and  vomihng  are 
sometimes  quite  severe,  and  it  may 
tax  the  resources  of  nurse  and  physician 
ah'ke  to  persuade  the  patient  to  persist 
in  a  treatment  which  must  some'^imes 
seem  worse  than  the  disease.  Sedatives, 
encouragement,  coaxing,  and  plain  bul- 
lying may  be  necessary,  but  fortunately 
we  have  soluble  forms  of  the  drug  which 
can  be  given  intravenously  if  necessary, 
until  vomiting  ceases. 

During  this  time  certain  other  fac- 
tors have  to  be  taken  into  consideration. 
Among  them  is  the  fluid  intake.  This 
has  to  be  limited  to  prevent  the  kidneys 
from  excreting  too  much  of  the  drug, 
and  so  lowering  the  level  unduly.  On 
the  other  hand,  one  must  be  sure  that 
the  patient  gets  his  full  allotment  of 
fluid,  or  the  concentration  of  the  drug 
in  the  urine  will  become  too  high,  and 
lead  to  renal  damage.  The  concentra- 
tion in  urine  tends  to  be  much  higher 
than  in  the  blood,  which  is  of  some  im- 
portance in  treating  urinary  infections, 
since  the  blood  level  need  not  be  so 
high.  In  addition  we  must  keep  care- 
ful track  of  the  urinary  output,  being 
on   the  watch   for  reduction  of  volume 


or  even  cessation  of  urinary  secretion. 
In  addition,  the  urine  must  be  examined 
periodically  throughout  the  treatment 
to  detect  the  presence  of  haematuria, 
should  this  develop.  An  excessive 
amount  of  vomiting  is  also  important 
from  the  point  of  view  of  fluid  balance. 
Other  possible  reactions  to  the  treat- 
ment are  the  development  of  fever  or 
rash.  Similarly,  marked  conjunctivitis, 
cyanosis,  involvement  of  the  nerves,  acu- 
te anaemia,  and  acute  reduction  of  the 
white  count  occasionally  occur.  The 
early  detection  of  these  complications 
depends  on  observation  of  the  patient, 
and  their  successful  treatment  depends, 
in  turn,  on  their  early  detection. 

In  the  midst  of  all  these  new  con- 
siderations, it  must  be  emphasized  that 
careful  nursing,  supportive  and  S)'mp- 
tomatic  treatment  have  still  to  be  car- 
ried out,  and  still  constitute  a  major 
element  in  successful  therapy  of  these 
diseases.  Thus  we  see  that  a  treatment 
which  is  relatively  simple  in  principle 
becomes  relatively  complex  in  adminis- 
tration, and  that  its  successful  prosecu- 
tion with  a  minimum  of  risk  depends 
on  a  high  degree  of  co-operation  be- 
tween physician,  nursing  staff,  and  la- 
boratory. If  these  agencies  are  properly 
co-ordinated,  sulphonamide  therapy  af- 
fords extreme  satisfaction  —  if  not,  it 
may  be  a  source  of  endless  worry. 


BURSARIES  FOR  CLINICAL  COURSES 

The  terms  by   which  afflicatton  can  be   made   for    bursaries    by    nurses    who 
wish    to    obtain   fost- graduate    study    in  short  term  clinical  courses  are  announced 
in  Notes  from  the  National  Office. 


Vol.  38,  No.  11 


Nursing  Care  of  Patients  undergoing  Chemotherapy 

Lillian  Bailey 


Since  the  introduction  of  the  use  of 
the  sulphonamides  in  the  treatment  of 
pneumonia,  the  nursing  care  of  the 
disease  has  not  lessened  but  has  been 
much  more  satisfactory.  The  nurse  is 
almost  always  sure  of  excellent  results 
as  a  reward  for  her  efforts  but  nursing 
procedures  must  be  carried  out  just  as 
carefully  and  as  accurately  as  in  the 
old  days.  Therefore  it  would  seem  best 
to  talk  about  nursing  as  we  try  to  car- 
ry it  out  on  our  pneumonia  ward.  On 
admission  the  patient  is  made  com- 
fortable in  bed,  and  assured  that  every- 
thing will  be  done  for  his  recovery. 
The  rectal  temperature,  the  pulse  and 
respiration  are  recorded  every  four 
hours  during  the  day  and  in  the  even- 
ing, from  the  time  of  admission  to  the 
end  of  chemotherapy,  even  though  the 
fever  has  subsided.  A  specimen  of  urine 
is  sent  to  the  laboratory,  and  cultures 
of  the  blood  and  sputum  are  required 
directly  after  admission.  The  patient  is 
taught  the  necessary  precautions  for  the 
safe  disposal  of  handkerchiefs  and  spu- 
tum. 

As  explained  in  Dr.  Wightman's  pre- 
ceding article,  drug  therapy  begins  at 
once.  Some  patients  are  not  disturbed 
by  the  drug  at  all,  while  others  are  made 
very  ill  and  suffer  from  nausea  and 
vomiting.  The  patient  has  to  be  en- 
couraged to  continue  the  treatment  re- 
gardless of  its  severity  and  it  is  neces- 
sary to  explain  that  this  phase  of  the 
illness  does  not  last  long.  Adverse  symp- 
toms of  chemotherapy  must  be  watched 
for  by  the  nurse,  and  reported  imme- 
diately. The  patient  may  complain  of 
headache,  and  may  develop  a  rash  on 
the  skin.  Cyanosis  sometimes  occurs, 
and  fever  may  recur  due  to  the  drug. 


To  save  energy  and  give  the  needed 
rest  is  imperative.  Restlessness  may  be 
controlled  by  changing  the  patient's  po- 
sition in  bed  from  Fowler's  position  to 
the  recumbent  position,  or  vice  versa. 
Massage  is  also  beneficial  and  mustard 
pastes  may  be  applied,  giving  consider- 
able comfort.  Sedatives,  or  sponges,  or 
both,  are  of  real  value.  The  co-opera- 
tion of  the  relatives  and  intimate  friends 
in  visiting  for  only  a  short  time  is  most 
desirable  and  to  gain  this  often  requires 
patience  and  tact  on  the  part  of  tliC 
nurse.  A  daily  cleansing  bath,  with 
special  care  of  the  back,  is  given  in  addi- 
tion to  sponges.  The  care  of  the  mouth 
must  be  carried  out  diligently;  this 
means  the  frequent  use  of  mouth  waih 
and  lubrication. 

The  fluid  intake  and  output  are  a 
most  important  aspect  in  carrying  out 
the  nursing  care  of  the  pneumonia  pa- 
tient. The  nurse  must  appreciate  the 
significance  of  limiting  fluids  to  1500 
c.  c.  in  24  hours  in  order  to  convey  to 
her  patient  the  necessity  for  co-opera- 
tion. One  could  add  that  it  is  also  ne- 
cessary to  convey  this  information  to 
the  relatives  and  friends.  The  fluids 
most  favoured  by  patients  are  grape- 
fruit juice  and  ginger  ale.  Both  are  ac- 
ceptable from  the  doctor's  point  of  view, 
or  the  patients  may  have  any  kind  of 
fluid  they  desire.  Fluids  should  be  even- 
ly spaced  as  to  the  time  of  giving  and, 
if  possible,  50  c.  c.  should  be  given 
every  hour  or  100  c.  c.  every  two  hours 
during  the  day,  saving  the  remaining 
300  c.  c.  for  the  night.  If  chipped  ice 
is  desired  to  quench  thirst  it  is  considered 
as  part  of  the  fluid  intake.  All  vomitus 
is  measured  and  the  amount  is  recorded ; 
the  amount  of  fluid  thus  lost  is  given 
to  the  patient  again.  All  urine  is  meas- 


NOVEMBER,    1942 


837 


838 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


ured  and  recorded  promptly.  The  cha- 
racter of  the  urine  as  to  colour  and 
quantity  must  be  closely  observed;  a  dai- 
ly morning  specimen  is  sent  for  anal- 
ysis. Elimination  by  bowel  is  also  very 
important,  and  is  accomplished  by  giv- 
ing a  cleansing  enema  every  other  day. 
Nursing  care  in  pneumonia  still  re- 
quires careful  observation  and  attention 
by  the  nurse  although  now,  instead  of 
an  average  twenty-five  percent  mortal- 


ity, the  ra^e  has  been  lowered  to  an 
average  of  ten  percent.  Patients  who 
do  not  recover  fall  into  three  groups: 
( 1 )  those  suffering  from  other  serious 
diseases,  especially  cardiac  or  renal;  (2) 
patients  with  tremendously  virulent  in- 
fection, such  as  bacteraemia,  or  menin- 
gitis, who  die  before  treatment  has  time 
to  have  any  effect;  (3)  patients  who 
have  been  ill  for  a  long  time  at  home 
untreated. 


Autumn  Comes  in  Akiavik 


Mildred  Rundle 


Autumn  has  already  visited  Akiavik 
and  is  hastily  gathering  her  skirts  to  visit 
our  southern  friends.  Perhaps  Bruce 
Hutchison  could  do  it  justice,  as  he  does 
"Canadian  Spring."  During  my  seven 
years  in  the  North  I  do  not  remember 
such  colour  as  we  have  witnessed  this 
year.  The  maple-like  leaves  of  the  cran- 
berry make  the  trails  a  royal  pathway. 
Red,  yellow  and  brown,  yellow  with 
red  splattered  on  the  edge,  green  with 
yellow  and  red  pushing  to  the  centre, 
each  leaf  seeming  different.  The  few 
poplar  and  willows  are  already  canary 
yellow  while  the  spruce  (the  sentinels  of 
the  North)  remain  their  staunch,  secure 
dark  green.  The  mountains  let  the  sun 
and  clouds  play  hide  and  seek  among 
them  and  are  an  inspiration  of  beauty 
and  amazement.  Purple,  pink,  blue,  al- 
most any  colour  and  sometimes  snow- 
capped over  night  they  form  a  back- 
ground. The  late  evening  sunset  brings 
added  reflections  and  flaming  cloud  for- 
mations. To  complete  the  picture  there 
are    two    rainbows.    Then    there    is   the 


Peel  River,  a  branch  of  the  Mackenzie, 
reflecting  all.  It  seems  as  though  the  pic- 
tures we  have  admired  but  did  not  quite 
believe  are  unfolded  before  our  eyes  and 
one  breathes  deeply,  hoping  to  become 
inspired   with   a   mighty   goodness. 

After  dark  there  are  the  twinkling 
stars  and  the  Northern  Lights.  As  if  not 
to  be  outdone  by  the  beauty  of  day,  I 
observed  a  spectacular  performance  the 
other  night.  A  circle  of  light  seemed  to 
enclose  the  cathedral  and  the  hospital, 
then  it  became  a  massive  parachute  of 
light.  Now  it  is  a  serpent  and,  as  it  nar- 
rows and  twists,  it  consumes  a  rainbow 
and  the  monster's  head  rears  to  the  south 
where  suddenly  the  sky  seems  about  to 
absorb  it  and  a  mist  is  all  that  is  left. 
But  soon  another  performance  starts  and 
so  it  continues  through  the  night.  Some- 
times a  candle-like  flame  appears 
through  the  trees  and  we  know  the  pic- 
ture will  soon  be  complete  for  the  moon 
is  entering  her  court.  Who  would  not 
be  a  missionary  in  the  Arctic? 

Last   month   I   made   a   trip   of    150 


Vol.   38,  No.   11 


AUTUMN    COMES    IN    AKLAVIK 


Eskimo  at  Richards  Island 


miles  to  the  Arctic  Ocean  in  our  small 
boat.  It  is  supposed  to  take  four  people; 
we  took  seven  and  brought  back  nine- 
teen passengers.  There  is  no  privacy  or 
any  kind  of  convenience  in  northern  tra- 
velling. As  a  maji  once  remarked  about 
a  trip  to  James  Bay,  "I  would  not  have 
missed  it  for  a  thousand  dollars  but  I 
don't  know  if  I  would  do  it  again  for 
a  thousand."  En  route  there  was  only 
the  country  to  admire — all  was  peace 
and  quietness.  Leaving  the  mountains 
behind,  we  had  the  Reindeer  Hills  as 
escorts  for  part  of  the  way.  About  se- 
venty miles  north  we  stopped  at  the 
Reindeer  Station  to  greet  the  three  white 
families  there  and  give  them  the  latest 
Aklavik  gossip.  The  trees  were  already 
much  smaller  and  gradually  we  left  the 
hills  and  growth  behind  us.  Passing  Ri- 
chards Island,  I  recalled  my  trip  of 
last  summer  when  I  had  accompanied 
the  doctor  and  dentist  to  the  reindeer 
round-up.  Everyone  lived  in  tents  ajid 
ate  in  a  large  tent.  They  had  great  dif- 
ficulty in  corraling  the  reindeer  that  year 
but  through  glasses  I  observed  eighteen 
hundred  being  driven  over  the  hills  to- 
ward us  but  when  withm  two  hundred 
yards  of  the  fences  they  milled,  went  in 
circles,  and  stampeded.  We  were  rather 
surprised  on   this  trip  to  spy  a  herd  of 


fifty  deer  on  the  mainland.  There  was 
one  white  one  and  they  ran  for  some 
distance  with  the  boat.  We  saw  wild 
swans,  geese  ajid  ducks.  The  ocean  was 
rather  rough  as  we  raced  for  Tuktoyak- 
tuk  and  the  waves  splashed  over  the  bow 
of  our  small  craft.  The  natives  would 
not  have  travelled  in  such  rough  wea- 
ther we  were  told.  How  foolish  they 
must  think  us  —  they  are  always  pre- 
pared to  wait  another  day. 

Almost  my  first  greeting  was  "there 
is  a  sick  baby,  will  you  come!"  The  lit- 
tle Eskimo  was  having  difficulty  m 
breathing  and  was  lying  on  a  mattress 
on  the  floor  of  a  tent  but  everything 
was  clean.  I  told  them  I  would  come 
again  with  medicines  and  from  the  Hud- 
son Bay  first-aid  kit  I  found  what  I 
needed.  Then  with  a  basin  containing 
the  ingredients  of  a  mustard  plaster  I 
marched  along  the  beach  of  the  Arctic 
Ocean,  clambering  over  freight  address- 
ed to  Coppermine,  Cambridge  Bay,  Bai- 
ley Island,  Holman,  and  Reid  Island, 
and  all  points  north.  There  is  only  one 
white  family  there  so  there  was  great 
rejoicing  and  gossiping.  It  was  nearly 
ten  years  since  I  had  seen  the  gentleman 
of  the  house.  There  were  about  one  hun- 
dred Eskimo  people  and  I  shook  hands 
with  all  during  the  brief  visit.  Very  few 


NOVEMBER,    1942 


839 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


Eskimo  and  reindeer  fawn 

of  them  winter  here.  They  go   further 
north  and  we  shall  not  see  them  until 
next  August.  Many  of  the  older  Eskimo 
women   still   have   the   tattoo   markings 
on  their  faces.  The  return  trip  was  made 
at  top  speed  as  we  were  so  overcrowded. 
There  were   children   for  school,   a  tu- 
berculosis   patient,     a    member    of    the 
Royal   Canadian   Mounted   Police,   two 
carpenters,  and  a  most  interesting  char- 
acter who   had   been   in   the   North   for 
38  years.  We  entertained  ourselves  ty- 
ing knots  when  the  bear  stories  ran  out. 
All  Saints  Hospital,   which   is  owned 
and  operated  by  the  Diocese  of  the  Arc- 
tic of  the  Church  of  England  in  Canada, 
can    accommodate    over    forty    patients 
and  the  staff  consists  of  three  registered 
nurses,    one    acting   as   nurse-in-charge. 
Two  nurses  are  supported  by  the  Gov- 
ernment,  and   the   third,   with   the   kit- 
chen   and    laundry    matrons,    are    sup- 
ported by  the  Diocese.  We  try  to  have 
native  girls  as  students.  One  girl  stayed 
three  years  and  now  has  a  tent  about  80 
miles  south  and  uses  her  home  nursing 
training  to  help  the  Loucheaux  people. 
The  building  has  two  storeys  with  a  lit- 
tle cellar  for  storing  goods.  There  is  a 
large  combined  dining-room  and  living- 
room   which   is  nicely   furnished   and   a 
residence  with  four  staff  bedrooms  and 
a  bathroom.   In   addition  to  the  wards 
there  is  a  well-equipped  room  for  den- 
tistry —  the  Diocese  sends  up  a  dentist 
from    Toronto    each    summer    —    and 
a   large   operating-room    with    an   iron- 


lung,  sunlamp,  and  x-ray.  The  hospital 
has  its  own  electric  plant  for  light  and 
power.  We  have  no  hot  water  upstairs 
but  our  private  patients  get  a  bath  every 
day  and  ward  patients  on  alternate  days. 
Our  patients  are  tuberculosis,  typhoid, 
pneumonia,  obstetrical,  tonsillectomy, 
babies  with  malnutrition  and  (worst  of 
all)  patients  bitten  by  dogs  which  are 
quite  equal  to  any  horrors  of  war. 

Aklavik  has  grown,  and  now  has 
about  90  white  people.  We  old-timers 
who  live  in  the  past  say  it  is  not  the 
same  since  .  civilization  has  come  and 
brought  with  it  tractors,  a  truck,  and 
planes.  Is  it  worth  it?  We  just  smile  and 
do  not  say  much  but  think  of  the  odd 
characters  we  have  met  and  the  stories 
we  have  heard  which  will  never  be 
printed  —  the  heartaches  and  disap- 
pointments and  memories.  Yes,  I  am 
sure  I  would  do  it  all  over  again  even 
if  nobody  ever  does  say  a  "thank  you" 
and  I  am  forgotten  in  ten  years.  It  has 
been  worth  it! 

Editor's  Note:  A  few  days  before  Miss 
Rundle's  manuscript  arrived  the  Journal  was 
given  permission  to  quote  the  following  ex- 
cerpts from  a  letter  addressed  to  Miss  Grace 
Fairley  by  Mrs.  R.  J.  Renison.  Last  summer, 
Bishop  and  Mrs.  Renison  made  the  journey 
to  Aklavik  by  steamer  and  Mrs.  Renison's 
comments  emphasize  the  fine  work  being 
done  at  All   Saints   Hospital : 

Two  hundred  and  fifty  miles  within 
the  Arctic  Circle,  on  the  delta  of  the 
Mackenzie  River,  is  the  Post  of  Akla- 
vik, only  to  be  reached  by  paddle-wheel 
steamer  or  plane.  When  our  boat  dock- 


S.S.    ^'Distributor^'    in    wintrr    quarters 


Vol.  38,  No.  11 


AUTUMN    COMES    IN    AKLAVIK 


841 


ed,  after  a  twenty-six-day  trip,  flags 
were  flying  from  every  pole,  and  the 
entire  population  was  on  the  bank  to 
greet  us.  We  could  see  at  one  end  the 
Roman  Catholic  Mission,  its  flag  high 
and,  in  the  centre,  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company's  buildings.  On  the  other  side 
was  the  Cathedral  of  the  Church  of 
England,  Diocese  of  the  Arctic,  with 
St.  George's  Cross  flying  from  its  tower, 
and  All  Saints  Hospital  where  a  fine  bit 
of  work  is  being  done  by  three  regis- 
tered nurses.  Miss  Powell,  a  graduate 
of  St.  Luke's  Hospital,  New  York,  is 
the  superintendent;  Miss  Rundle,  a 
graduate  of  the  Mack  Training  School 
of  St.  Catharines  General  Hospital,  is 
in  charge  of  x-ray  work  and  also  took  a 
course  in  dentistry  before  coming  to  the 
Northwest  Territories;  and  Miss 
Brooks,  a  graduate  of  the  Hamilton 
General,  is  supervisor  of  the  operating 
room.  This  is  one  of  the  brightest,  sun- 
niest and  most  attractive  hospitals  I  have 
ever  been  in.  Even  dying  would  be  a 
cheerful  business.  Somehow  I  felt  that 
one  would  be  quite  sure  of  the  future 
and  of  loving  care  to  help  one  over. 

To  a  superficial  observer,  the  hospital 
has  every  convenience,   but  here  are  a 


few  of  the  things  the  staff  have  to  con- 
tend with.  There  is  cold  running  water 
in  the  kitchen  and  laundry  only  and 
every  bit  of  water  has  to  be  carried  up- 
stairs. A  small  instrument  steriHzer  oper- 
ated on  the  electric  current  is  badly 
needed  for  the  operating  room.  I  won- 
der whether  an  interested  group  of  re- 
gistered nurses  could  manage  to  finance 
the  purchase  of  one ;  it  would  be  a  great 
help  to  other  nurses  who  are  doing  a 
fine  piece  of  work. 

I  passed  Post  after  Post  on  the  great 
Northern  rivers  —  the  Slave  and  the 
Mackenzie.  High  on  their  banks  are  the 
Hudson  Bay  Posts  and  the  churches  and 
sometimes  a  hospital.-  Always  there  are 
tents  with  Indians  and  howling  dogs 
each  tied  to  its  own  stake,  and  a  good 
deal  of  unspeakable  filth.  There  were 
two  great  exceptions  —  Fort  Simpson 
and  Aklavik. 

As  we  were  met  at  the  door  of  All 
Saints  Hospital  by  Miss  Powell  in  her 
spotless  uniform,  and  were  introduced 
to  her  supervisors,  I  felt  that  we  all 
owed  a  great  debt  to  the  nursing  pro- 
fession who  far  away  from  all  that 
makes  life  easy  are  keeping  their  stand- 
ard of  work  and  morale  high. 


'Well,  but  Busy' 


Editor's  Note:  The  following  lively 
excerpts  are  taken  from  the  annual 
report  of  the  Nursing  Service  of  the 
Department  of  Pubhc  Health  and 
Welfare  of  the  Government  of  New- 
foundland: 

The  Departmental  Nursing  Service  now 
consists  of  twelve  cottage  hospitals,  one 
hospital  ship,  sixteen  public  health  nursing 
districts,    two    nursing    stations,    and   thirty- 


five  nursing  districts,  including  St.  John's. 
The  home  visits  to  tuberculous  patients 
numbered  a  considerable  increase  over  that 
of  last  year  due,  no  doubt,  to  the  fact  that 
the  nurses  are  getting  to  know  their  patients 
and  contacts,  and  are  giving  a  more  consist- 
ent service.  It  was  felt  that  more  prenatal 
visiting  was  badly  needed,  and  a  maximum 
co-operation  was  obtained  from  the  mothers 
whereby  these  visits  were  not  coercive  but 
cordial  and  friendly;  they  trebled  during 
the  year.  At  the  first  of  the  year,  the  school 


NOVEMBER,    1942 


842 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


nurse  became  indisposed,  and  we  were  faced 
with  10,000  children  in  35  different  schools 
who  had  always  been  examined  in  orderly 
fashion  under  the  school  nurse's  supervi- 
sion. The  problem  was  tackled  by  the  three 
public  health  nurses  taking  charge  of  the 
schools  in  her  own  district.  They  were  as- 
sisted by  the  assistant  organizer  of  the  Ju- 
nior Red  Cross  and  the  public  health  stu- 
dents. The  M.O.H.  examined  the  children, 
so  what  looked  like  an  impasse  and  defeat 
was  turned  into  victory  by  interested  and 
alive   public  health  nurses. 

Through  the  co-operation  of  the  Grace 
Maternity  Hospital  and  the  Department  of 
Public  Health  and  Welfare,  six  outport  wo- 
men, recommended  by  the  nurse  or  doctor 
in  their  districts,  have  this  year  been  brought 
to  the  Grace  Hospital  for  training.  This  is 
further  augmented  by  their  attendance  at 
our  prenatal  clinics  and  post-partum  work 
on  the  districts,  under  the  nurse's  supervi- 
sion. These  women  are  thus  enabled  to  go 
back  to  their  homes  and  give  intelligent  care 
to  mothers  and  babies. 

It  is  interesting  to  note  that  in  all  the 
great  marine  disasters,  the  Departmental 
nurses  have  played  an  active  part.  By  their 
terse  monthly  reports,  one  would  never  ga- 
ther that  they  did  anything  over  and  above 
their  line  of  duty,  and  yet  the  display  of 
courage,  heroism,  and  devotion  to  duty  has 
been  of  the  highest  order.  A  few  instances 
pass  in  review:  a  tidal  wave  brought  sud- 
den and  terrifying  devastation  to  3700  in- 
habitants of  the  southwest  coast.  The  report 
sent  in  by  the  parish  priest  at  that  time  is 
that  "the  nurse,  scantily  clad,  and  wearing 
house  slippers  (all  her  other  belongings  be- 
ing lost)  went  from  house  to  house,  tending 
the  sick  and  injured,  quelling  fears,  and 
restoring  confidence.  She  attempted  to  travel, 
but  roads  were  blocked  by  boulders  and 
wreckage.  She  secured  a  horse  and  rode  it 
until  it  dropped,  then  she  continued  on  foot 
soaked,  chilled  to  the  marrow  —  she  conti- 
nued her  work  of  mercy  all  night  and  part 
of  the  next  day".  This  nurse's  report  to 
headquarters  was  "Well,  but  busy." 

In  a  recent  disaster,  a  United  States  des- 
troyer was  pounded  to  pieces  off  the  rocky 
east  coast  with  a  loss  of  189  officers  and 
men.  Three  nurses  were  on  the  scene,  then 


letters  arrived  from  nurses  all  along  that 
coast  where  bodies  were  washed  ashore.  One 
letter  is  quoted  in  part :  "Can  you  send  me  a 
dozen  or  so  death  certificates?  We  had 
five  bodies  washed  up.  The  parson  is  away 
and  I  could  not  get  certificates.  If  we  had 
not  had  some  new  lumber  for  the  church 
repairs,  I  don't  know  how  we'd  have  got 
coffins  made.  Everyone  wondered  who 
would  be  the  first  in  the  new  cemetery.  I 
feel  sure  that  the  relatives  in  the  United 
States  would  be  glad  to  know  that  their  men 
were  decently  buried". 

A  system  of  modified  socialized  medicine 
is  one  of  the  features  of  Newfoundland. 
Several  years  ago  the  only  hospitals  in  the 
colony  were  in  St.  John's.  Today  there  are 
ten  cottage  hospitals,  at  strategic  points  on 
the  coast,  and  two  more  to  be  built  this  year 
will  complete  the  encirclement  of  the  Island. 
They  accommodate  twenty-one  patients,  are 
modernly  equipped  with  a  compact  operating 
theatre,  open  wards,  as  well  as  a  private 
suite,  which  is  often  used  for  observation 
cases  or  quarantine. 

The  present  world  conflict  has  brought 
changes  to  Newfoundland  and  her  people. 
We  find  that  because  of  a  great  increase  in 
employment,  bringing  with  it  a  new  inde- 
pendence, attendances  at  the  clinic  are  cut 
in  half;  we  find  the  Junior  Red  Cross  mem- 
bers devoting  a  great  deal  of  time  to  war 
work ;  we  find  war  conditions  making  even 
more  urgent  the  need  for  a  larger  venereal 
disease  clinic,  affording  greater  privacy.  We 
find  public  health  nurses  adding  the  toxoid- 
ing  of  recruits  to  their  other  duties ;  we 
find  a  greater  demand  for  health  educa- 
tion, especially  in  first  aid  and  home  nurs- 
ing, and  we  find  a  general  unrest  bringing 
many  changes  in  personnel. 

There  has  been  no  outstanding  epidemic  in 
St.  John's  this  year  in  spite  of  the  increase 
in  population.  This  is  a  fact  of  which  the 
health  authorities,  both  civil  and  military, 
may  be  justly  proud,  and  some  credit  may 
be  due  to  the  public  health  nurse  who,  realiz- 
ing the  importance  of  a  knowledge  of  health, 
has  made  teaching  a  vital  part  of  her  daily 
program. 

Syretha  Squires 

Director,  Departmental  Nurses 


Vol.  38,  No.   H 


Plain  Talk  from  Manitoba 

Elsie  J.  Wilson 


In  1913  the  Registration  Act  for  nur- 
ses was  passed  in  Manitoba,  the  first 
legislation  of  its  kind  in  Canada.  The 
standard  to  be  met  by  students  wishing 
to  qualify  for  registration  was  not  high, 
but  what  was  important  was  that  for  the 
first  time  student  nurses  and  nursing 
education  existed  as  legal  entities.  We 
who  have  followed  those  women  who 
had  the  courage  to  press  for  this  legis- 
lation have  to  a  great  extent  failed  to 
accept  the  challenge  handed  to  us.  True 
there  have  been  some  gains  made,  but 
we  have  on  the  whole  been  too  fearful 
of  losing  the  little  we  have  and  have 
hesitated  too  long  in  demanding  that 
nursing  education  receive  recoo-nition 
and  financial  support  from  public  funds. 

Since  the  original  Act  was  passed  in 
1913  there  have  been  three  amendments 
—  1920,  1923  and  1929.  The  Act  now 
provides  for  reciprocal  registration;  the 
apphcant  for  registration  must  have  had 
preliminary  educational  standing  of 
grade  10  and  have  graduated  from  a 
hospital  having  a  daily  average  of  20 
patients.  The  Association  now  has  the 
authority  to  enter  into  an  agreement 
with  the  University  of  Manitoba  for  the 
conduct  of  the  registration  examinations 
and  the  curriculum  of  studies  on  which 
these  examinations  shall  be  set.  It  is 
maintained  and  rightly,  that  Universities 
are  the  principal  agencies  maintained  by 
society  to  conduct  professional  educa- 
tion and  that  their  function  is  not  only 
to  offer  the  types  of  professional  educa- 
tion already  well  established  but  also 
to  be  alert  to  the  educational  require- 
ments of  new  professions  and  to  organ- 
ize the  kinds  of  professional  training 
as  the  need  becomes  manifest.  With  this 
ideal  of  the  function  of  the   University 


in  mind,  it  was  hoped  that  this  agree- 
ment between  our  Association  and  our 
University  would  present  the  needs  of 
the  nursing  profession  in  such  a  way 
that  the  responsibility  of  the  University 
in  this  field  of  education  would  be  evi- 
dent and  practical  help  forthcoming. 
Undoubtedly  it  would  be,  if  we  could 
back  up  our  request  for  help  with  some 
thousands  of  dollars  annually.  This,  I 
submit,  the  nursing  profession  should 
not  be  expected  to  do. 

Communities  expect  to  pay  for  most 
of  their  essential  services.  They  do  not 
expect  to  have  their  roads  and  bridges 
built  by  student  engineers,  their  ani- 
mals cared  for  by  student  veterinarians, 
or  their  farming  done  by  agricultural 
students  but  they  do  expect  to  have  their 
sick  —  members  of  their  own  families 
—  nursed  by  student  nurses.  Further- 
more, we  are  told  that  if  the  cheap  la- 
bour of  the  student  nurse  is  not  available 
the  small  country  hospital,  which  is  such 
an  essential  part  of  community  life,  will 
be  forced  to  close  its  doors  and  the  sick 
will  be  left  uncared  for.  The  responsi- 
bility for  this  situation,  mark  you,  is  be- 
ing placed  on  the  nursing  profession. 

It  is  impossible  to  state  too  strongly 
how  utterly  unfair  it  is  to  give  the  gen- 
eral public  the  idea  that  we  are  so  con- 
cerned with  demanding  from  the  student 
nurse  such  a  high  educational  standard 
that  we  have  lost  sight  of  the  needs  of 
the  sick.  As  stated  by  our  own  Provincial 
Advisor,  in  her  survey  of  schools  of  nurs- 
ing, the  public  has  criticized  the  nurse 
for  her  lack  of  education,  her  poor  tech- 
nical skills  and  particularly  for  what  they 
consider  are  her  wrong  attitudes.  A 
more  ridiculous  and  unfair  situation 
never  before  existed  in  any  sphere  of  ac- 


NOVEMBER,    1942 


843 


844 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


tivity.  We  are  blamed  for  all  the  mis- 
takes and  blunders  of  what  we  are  told 
are  ill-prepared  nurses,  and  when  we 
try  to  spend  our  own  time  and  money 
on  improving  nurses  and  nursing  ser- 
vice, we  are  confronted  with  active  op- 
position from  sections  of  the  very  pub- 
lic we  are  striving  to  serve.  Nurses  by 
themselves  cannot  any  longer  cope  with 
the  problem  of  staffing  hospitals  and  of 
providing  adequate  nursing  service  for 
the  people  of  Manitoba.  We  have  in  the 
past  done  rnore  —  a  great  deal  more  — 
than  our  fair  share.  Each  individual 
community  must  shoulder,  by  taxation 
if  need  be,  the  financial  responsibility 
for  providing  essential  nursing  services 
for  their  sick  and  the  Province  must  as- 
sume the  same  responsibility  for  the 
education  of  the  student  nurse  as  is  as- 
sumed for  other  students. 

There  is  no  organization  that  can 
show  a  better  record  of  service  to  the 
community  than  can  the  Manitoba  As- 
sociation of  Registered  Nurses.  If  we 
have  been  fearful  and  over-cautious  in 
asking  for  help  from  our  legislators,  we 
have  at  least  been  more  than  generous 
with  our  own  time  and  money,  which 
we  have  spent  freely  and  cheerfully  for 
the  purpose  of  better  preparing  nurses 
to  serve  community  needs.  Also,  during 
depression  years,  when  hospitals  were 
graduating  hundreds  of  students  (which 
they  needed  to  run  their  hospitals  cheap- 
ly) into  a  community  which  could  not 
afford  to  employ  graduate  nurses,  our 
Association  paid  thousands  of  dollars  out 
of  our  own  funds,  to  assist  these  unem- 
ployed nurses. 

Since  we  appointed  Miss  Gertrude 
Hall  as  our  executive  secretary  and 
school  of  nursing  advisor  in  1936,  the 
work  of  the  Manitoba  Association  of 
Registered  Nurses  office  has  increased 
by  leaps  and  bounds.  Her  concern  for 
nurses  and  nursing  is  so  well  known  that 
she  is  inundated  with  pleas  for  help  from 


individual  nurses  and  from  hospitals. 
Refresher  courses  for  nurses  not  active- 
ly engaged  in  nursing,  head  nurse  cour- 
ses and  institutes  are  only  a  few  of  her 
many  projects.  We  cannot  all  travel  at 
her  pace,  but  we  can  all  travel  in  the 
same  direction.  We  can  continue  also 
to  give  the  practical  support  which  is  so 
necessary,  and  even  the  least  of  us  can 
help  by  being  informed-  about  what 
registration  means  to  nurses  and  why 
it  is  important. 

The  individual  nurse  can  do  nothing 
by  herself  to  improve  her  own  profes- 
sional status  but,  with  the  strength  of 
an  organization  behind  her,  much  can 
and  has  been  done.  Registration  for  nur-  J 
ses  has  meant  that  there  is,  throughout  ■ 
Canada  and  many  other  countries,  a  de- 
finite standard  on  which  to  base  the  pro- 
fessional life  of  the  nurse  and  the  edu- 
cation of  the  student  nurse.  The  organ- 
ization of  nurses  has  meant  improvement 
in  nursing  education,  in  living  and  work- 
ing conditions  and  in  shorter  working 
hours.  Through  registration,  and  only  if 
registered,  can  a  nurse  be  assured  of 
employment  in  other  provinces  and  in 
the  U.S.A.  Only  if  a  nurse  is  regis- 
tered will  she  be  accepted  for  service 
with  the  Army,  Navy  or  Air  Force. 

The  need  for  giving  publicity  to  the 
value  of  registration  was  brought  home 
to  us  very  forcibly  quite  recently.  Just 
before  the  Legislature  prorogued,  the 
Executive  Secretary  was  advised  that 
an  amendment  was  being  brought  in 
which  would  reduce  the  daily  average  of 
patients  required  under  the  Act  from 
20  back  to  5.  We  were  told  that  the 
amendment  would  be  withdrawn  if  our 
Association  would  promise  that  for  the 
duration  of  the  war  all  students  apply- 
ing for  registration  would  be  accepted 
without  question.  This  meant  of  course 
that  all  educational  standards  would  be 
wiped  out  just  as  surely  as  if  the  amend- 
ment were  passed  in  the   House.  The 


VoL  38,  No.  11 


PROVISIONAL     COUNCIL 


845 


officers  and  board  of  managers  of  the 
Manitoba  Association  of  Registered  Nur- 
ses gave  this  matter  very  grave  consid- 
eration, facing  squarely  all  the  implica- 
tions and  difficulties  involved.  They  felt 
they  would  not  be  w^orthy  of  trust  if 
they  meekly  submitted  without  attempt- 
ing to  maintain  the  standards  won  for 
us  by  others.  Having  made  this  decision, 


plans  were  hastily  made.  It  was  heart- 
ening to  find  so  many  members  of  the 
Legislature  willing  to  listen  to  us  and 
to  help  our  cause.  We  are  most  grate- 
ful to  those  members  who  gave  their 
interest  and  to  those  who  spoke  on  our 
behalf  with  the  result  that  literally  at 
the  lost  moment,  the  amendment  was 
withdrawn. 


The  Provisional  Council  of  University  Schools  and 
Departments  of  Nursing 


This  Council  came  into  being  fol- 
lowing two  meetings  of  representatives 
of  University  Schools  held  in  Montreal 
in  June  1942.  These  meetings  were 
held  at  the  suggestion  of  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association.  On  request  Miss 
E.  K.  Russell  kindly  acted  as  chairman. 
As  announced  in  the  October  issue  of 
the  Journal  the  organization  of  the  Pro- 
visional Council  was  approved  at  the 
meeting  of  the  Executive  of  the  Cana- 
dian Nurses  Association  held  on  June 
23,  1942. 

As  the  name  signifies,  the  Council  is 
of  a  temporary  nature,  established  for 
a  period  of  two  years  "to  give  further 
time  for  wise  decision  as  to  the  form 
that  the  permanent  organization  shall 
take." 

In  order  to  maintain  a  close  link  with 
the  Canadian  Nurses  Association,  the 
convener  of  the  Committee  on  Nursing 
Education  is  to  be  a  member  of  this 
Council,  and  the  president  of  the  Pro- 
visional Council  is  to  be  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Nursing  Education  of 
the  Canadian  Nurses  Association.  It  is 
the  intention  that  these  two  bodies  shall 
work  in  close  collaboration. 

The  initial  objects  of  the  Provisional 
Council  are  stated  as  follows:  to  decide 


upon  the  form  of  a  permanent  associa- 
tion of  university  schools  of  nursing;  to 
determine  desirable  standards  for  uni- 
versity schools  of  nursing  represented  by 
members  of  this  Council;  to  strengthen 
the  standards  of  existing  university 
schools  of#  nursing,  and  to  support  the 
development  of  future  university  schools 
of  nursing  where  desirable  conditions 
exist;  to  strengthen  the  relationships  be- 
tween university  schools  of  nursing  in 
Canada  and  other  countries. 

The  officers  of  this  organization  con- 
sist of  a  president,  vice-president  and  se- 
cretary-treasurer, and  the  Executive 
Committee  is  to  consist  of  these  three 
officers  and  the  conveners  of  two  stand- 
ing committees  —  a  Committee  on 
Policy  and  a  Committee  on  Studies. 

Those  eligible  for  membership  are 
the  Nurse-Director  of  each  University 
School  of  Nursing  and  all  full-time  nurse 
members  of  the  staffs  of  these  Schools. 
Membership  is  to  be  on  an  individual 
basis  with  an  annual  fee  of  two  dollars. 

Members  of  the  Provisional  Council 
look  forward  to  meeting  at  least  once 
a  year.  In  the  interim  between  meetings 
the  business  of  the  Council  will  be  car- 
ried on  by  the  Executive  Committee. 
The  following  were  elected  to  office  for 


NOVEMBER,   1942 


846 


THE     CANADIAN    NURSE 


the  next  two-year  period:  president, 
Kathleen  W.  Ellis;  vice-president,  the 
Reverend  Mother  Allaire;  secretary- 
treasurer,  Mary  S.  Mathewson. 

The  formation  of  this  Provisional 
Council  marks  another  step  and  one 
that  it  is  hoped  will  be  significant  in  the 
history  of  the  nursing  profession  in  Can- 
ada. It  is  the  intention  that  within  the 


next  two  years  the  Council  will  demon- 
strate its  usefulness  by  assisting  Univer- 
sity Schools  to  make  an  increasingly  va- 
luable contribution  to  nursing  service 
in  Canada. 

Kathleen  W.  Ellis 
Emergency   Nursing  Adviser 
Canadian  Nurses  Association 


Hospital  Adventures  of  a  V.A.D. 


I  feel  I  have  won  my  spurs  and,  to  prove 
it,  I  have  at  hand  a  card  signed  by  the 
charitable  and  patient  supervisors  who,  for 
their  sins,  were  obliged  to  put  up  with  me 
while  I  spread  confusion  in  their  wards 
amongst  patients,  ward  maids,  and  student 
nurses.  Any  one  may  be  a  student  nurse,  and 
it  is  very  easy  to  be  a  graduate.  The  easiest 
job  I  know  is  to  be  a  supervisor  and  the 
laziest  position  in  the  hospital  is  that  of 
superintendent  of  nursing  and  of  the  train- 
ing school.  But  let  me  tell  you  that  it  is  no 
easy  job  to  be  a  V.A.D.  First,  one  must  fol- 
low courses  on  home  nursing  and  first  aid 
and  be  examined  by  the  chief  surgeon  who 
is  keen  on  thirteen  pressure  points  and  is 
very  serious  about  the  exact  mathematical 
fold  of  a  bandage  on  the  leg  or  arm.  His 
special  pet  and  my  pet  abomination  is  a 
spica  —  the  shoulder  being  his  joy.  He  does 
not  make  our  troubles  any  less  by  having 
a  small  boy  as  a  patient  who  takes  his  posi- 
tion with  a  facetious  grin  and  a  cynical 
sneer  at  our  ignorance  and  incompetence. 

While  jumping  these  two  hurdles,  we  were 
obliged  to  have  weekly  drill  and  courses  on 
bandaging  and  gas  poisoning,  with  a  re- 
fresher which  is  a  yearly  occurrence  — 
followed  by  an  examination  to  keep  from 
getting  stale.  But  this  is  not  all.  Before  we 
could  enter  the  sacred  portals  of  the  Hospi- 
tal, we  were  directed  to  follow  an  intensive 
course  given  bj'  a  most  efficient,  patient  and 
gracious  graduate  to  whom  we  were  greatly 
indebted.  On  entering  the  classroom,  we 
were  instructed  how  to  make  beds.  This  is 


my  greatest  accomplishment  —  closed  beds, 
open  beds,  ambulance  beds,  ether  beds,  day 
beds  and  convalescent  beds,  are  all  taken  in 
our  stride.  Trays  and  baskets  are  also  added 
to  baffle  one  and  make  life  more  complicated 
Baths  were  given  to  "Judy"  and  her  hair  was 
washed  and  combed  and  next  we  were  taken 
to  the  utility  room  and  taught  with  what  ease 
and  grace  one  could  manipulate  bedpans  and 
urinals.  We  were  then  shown  a  most  beauti- 
ful sterilizer  and  taught  how  to  use  it  — 
but  alas !  I  was  soon  to  find  out  that  all  ster- 
ilizers were  not  equally  harmless.  A  sore  and 
bandaged  finger  was  evidence  that  these  in- 
nocent pieces  of  equipment  may  pinch  or  fall 
down  and  hit  one.  At  last  the  great  day 
came  when  we  were  examined.  When  the 
superintendent  asked  me  "What  would  you 
put  in  an  ether  bed?"  All  I  could  say  was 
"a  patient"  and  was  surprised  when  she 
asked  "what  else"  ?  The  examinations  over, 
the  next  step  was  our  being  posted  to  the 
wards  and  we  went  forth  with  all  the  cour- 
age we  could  muster.  All  the  nurses  were  so 
kind,  patient  and  understanding. 

Each  and  every  one  from  the  superinten- 
dent to  the  newest  "probie"  extended  a  wel- 
coming hand  to  us.  To  the  superintendent  is 
due  all  the  credit  for  she  had  to  re-arrange 
her  classes  to  make  room  for  us  and  then 
change  all  the  hours  of  the  nurses  on  the 
wards  to  fit  us  in.  We  hope  that  our  work 
and  behaviour  while  in  the  hospital  will  have 
broken  down  any  prejudice  that  might  have 
existed  previous  to  our  coming. 

—  Mrs.  W.  Delaney. 


Vol.  38,  No.  IJ 


i 


The  Illegal  Traffic  in  Narcotic  Drugs 


A.  M.  Shinbane,  K.C. 


I  am  very  glad  indeed  to  note  the  in- 
terest of  nurses  in  the  grave  and  far- 
reaching  problem  of  the  illegal  traffic 
in  narcotic  drugs  which,  in  Great  Bri- 
tain, are  more  accurately  referred  to 
as  dangerous  drugs.  Addiction  produces 
an  unbelievably  swift  degeneration  of 
the  normal  elements  of  character  so 
that  fundamental  decencies  are  rapidly 
weakened  and  ultimately  destroyed.  It 
is  regrettable  that  in  Winnipeg,  heroin, 
because  of  this  very  potency  has  be- 
come the  principal  drug  of  addiction. 

Originally  opium  was  eaten  rather 
than  smoked  and  it  was  not  till  Portu- 
guese merchants  in  the  seventeenth  cen- 
tury introduced  tobacco  smoking  into 
China  that  the  real  impetus  was  given 
to  opium  smoking.  We  know  of  course 
that  backward  China  immediately  en- 
deavoured to  suppress  its  use,  but  that 
the  British  East  India  Company,  hav- 
ing taken  over  the  Indian  monopoly 
from  the  Great  Mogul  in  1757,  and 
having  assumed  control  sixteen  years 
later  of  the  trade  with  China,  did  not 
take  kindly  to  the  edict  of  the  Chinese 
Emperor.  Just  before  the  turn  of  the 
eighteenth  century  the  Emperor  for- 
bade its  importation  but  in  the  all-power- 
ful interests  of  the  Open  Door,  two 
wars  (which  an  unappreciative  posterity 
has  designated  as  the  Opium  Wars) 
were  waged  to  ensure  the  rights  of  the 
Company,  and  in  1858  the  unrestricted 
opium  trade  was  legalized  by  solemn 
treaty.  Opium  became  big  business  and 
the  Indian  monopoly  alone  was  worth 
$20,000,000  a  year  to  its  owners.  Even 
today  in  Oriental  countries  there  are 
governmental  monopolies  —  by  no 
means  in  exclusively  Oriental  hands  — 
which   sell   prepared   opium   to   the   na- 


tives but  prohibit  its  sale  to  Europeans. 
Japan,  with  its  usual  initiative  has  taken 
a  leaf  from  the  Western  book  and  now 
in  Manchukuo  — ■  Chinese  Manchuria 
to  you  and  me  — •  has  an  opium  mono- 
poly, which  sells  freely  to  the  Chinese 
(but  not  at  all  to  the  Japanese).  This 
monopoly  is  regarded  as  so  important 
that  to  ensure  its  proper  development 
it  is  directed  by  the  Ministry  of  Fi- 
nance which  floats  bond  issues  with 
opium  revenue  as  backing.  The  Chi- 
nese government  is  endeavouring  des- 
perately to  throttle  the  traffic,  although 
in  large  measure  its  efforts  are  being 
offset  by  the  well-known  "pacification" 
methods  of  the  Japanese  Army. 

Thanks  to  alert  and  intelligent  direc- 
tion, the  Narcotic  Division  of  the  De- 
partment of  National  Health  has  been 
making  very  real  and  substantial  pro- 
gress in  its  never-ceasing  battle  against 
the  evil  of  illegal  drugs.  Ten  years  ago 
it  was  conservatively  estimated  that 
there  were  no  less  than  eight  thousand 
addicts  in  Canada.  Today  it  is  safe  to 
say  that  the  number  has  been  reduced 
by  at  least  one-half. 

It  must  be  emphasized  that  success- 
ful treatment  of  drug  addiction  neces- 
sitates complete  isolation  and  institu- 
tional care  of  the  addict  as  well  as  cons- 
tant supervision.  Ambulatory  treatment 
and  free  "clinics"  are  worse  than  use- 
less, in  fact  they  aggravate  and  increase 
rather  than  abate  the  evil.  We  provide 
sanitaria  for  the  treatment  of  tubercu- 
losis; we  have  quarantine  and  isolation 
hospitals  for  contagious  diseases  but  we 
have  as  yet  —  in  this  Province  at  least 
— ■  no  statute  to  commit  a  known  ad- 
dict for  treatment  and  no  institution  in 
which  to  treat  him. 


NOVEMBER,   1942 


847 


848 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


The    problem    of    drug    addiction    in 
Europe   and   America   began  to  attract 
the   attention   of   speciah'sts  in   the   field 
as  early  as  the  middle  of  the  nineteenth 
century  and  it  appears  today  to  be  an 
amazing     reflection     upon     the     short- 
sightedness of  governments  and  medical 
authorities  that  not  until  thirty  years  ago 
was  any  effort  made,   by  legislation  at 
least,  to  curb  the  abuse  of  these  drugs 
or  to  interfere  with  the  traffic  in  them. 
To   Canada  belongs   the   distinction  — • 
excepting  always  benighted  China  —  of 
introducing  the  first  legislation  in  mod- 
ern times  aimed  to  curb  the  illegitimate 
traffic  in  narcotic  drugs.  In  1892  Can- 
ada   imported    no    less    than    150,000 
pounds   of   opium.   In    1908,    following 
upon  anti-Oriental  riots  in  the  cities  of 
Vancouver,    Victoria    and    New    West- 
minster, the  Dominion  Government  was 
presented  with  huge  bills  for  damages 
by  the  aggrieved  owners  of  some  seven 
factories    in    Vancouver,    Victoria    and 
New   Westminster,   who,    without   any 
hindrance,  had  been  engaged  in  manu- 
facturing    smoking     opium     from     the 
crude    importation    and    in    support    of 
their    claims    these    owners    submitted 
verified    statements    showing    their    an- 
nual receipts  to  exceed  $600,000.  The 
result  was  that  the  first  Dominion  Opi- 
um Act  which  made  it  an  offence  to 
manufacture  or  deal    in    opium    other 
than  for  normal  medical  purposes.  The 
further  result  was  that  instead  of  im- 
porting   150,000    pounds    as    formerly 
there  was  imported  lawfully  into  Can- 
ada last  year  for  the  needs  of  a  popula- 
tion   double    that   of   those   years,   only 
458   pounds,   a   decrease   on   a   popula- 
tion basis  of  over  33000%.  Once  the 
attention    of    the    Canadian  authorities 
was  directed  to  the  problem  it  quickly 
became    manifest    how    the    traffic    not 
only  in  opium,  but  in  morphine,  cocaine 
and  heroin  had  spread  like  a  blight  over 


the  Dominion  and  in  1911  Parliament 
extended  the  scope  of  the  Act  to  restrict 
the  sale  and  distribution  of  the  various 
derivatives  of  opium  and  cocaine.  To 
keep  pace  with  and  checkmate  the  in- 
genuity of  the  illicit  traffic  the  Opium 
and  Narcotic  Drug  Act  has  been 
amended  and  extended  every  few  years. 
Today  our  legislation  is  a  model  for 
many  other  countries. 

In  the  United  States  the  legislative 
problem  is  accentuated  by  states'  rights 
which  make  Congress  impotent  to 
enact  criminal  legislation  and  remedial 
measures  have  had  to  be  disguised  as 
revenue  laws.  It  was  not  until  1914 
that  the  Harrison  Narcotic  Act  was 
passed,  dressed  up  as  a  Revenue  Act, 
which  was  aimed  to  wipe  out  the  illicit 
traffic  by  taxing  it  out  of  existence.  It 
was  not  until  1922  that  wider  legisla- 
tion —  corresponding  in  effect  in  some 
degree  at  least  to  our  own  law  — •  the 
Jones-Miller  Act,  was  passed  to  fulfil 
United  States  obligations  under  the 
Hague  Convention. 

In  the  first  decade  of  the  twentieth 
century  the  problem  had  become  reco- 
gnized as  international  and  world-wide 
in  scope.  The  first  International  Con- 
ference (if  we  disregard  a  meeting  at 
Shanghai  a  few  years  previously)  was 
held  at  the  Hague  in  1911  (it  will  be 
noted  three  years  ajter  the  Canadian 
Act)  and  a  second  one  early  in  1912. 
Forty-four  of  the  forty-six  countries  at- 
tending (Germany  and  Austria  being 
the  exceptions)  undertook  to  ratify  the 
agreement  then  made  that  the  manu- 
facture, sale,  and  use  of  these  drugs 
should  be  confined  to  legitimate  pur- 
poses. But  before  the  good  intentions  of 
the  conference  could  be  translated  into 
effective  law  the  first  Great  German 
War  broke  out;  the  emphasis  was  shifted 
from  the  preservation  to  the  destruction 


Vol.  38,  No.  11 


ILLEGAL    TRAFFIC    IN    NARCOTIC    DRUGS  849 


of  human  life   and   nothing   more    was 
done  until  the  conclusion  of  peace. 

The  Treaty  of  Versailles  was  not 
all  bad  as  propagandists  would  have  us 
believe.  Among  its  provisions  was  one 
whereby  the  International  Opium  Con- 
vention was  incorporated  in  the  treaty 
and  brought  into  force.  Similar  provi- 
sions were  incorporated  in  the  treaties 
with  Austria  and  Bulgaria,  and  control 
of  the  traffic  in  dangerous  drugs  was 
entrusted  to  the  League  of  Nations 
which  in  1920  set  up  an  advisory  com- 
mittee of  experts.  Colonel  C.  H.  L. 
Sharman,  C.M.G.,  Chief  of  the  Nar- 
cotic Division  of  Canada's  Department 
of  National  Health,  has  for  many  years 
been  one  of  the  outstanding  members 
of  this  committee  and  no  inconsiderable 
part  of  the  advance  that  has  been  made 
in  recent  years  to  control  and  curb  the 
world  traffic  in  illicit  drugs  has  been 
due  to  his  expert  knowledge  and  cou- 
rage. 

In  a  world  beset  by  political  alarms 
and  urgencies  it  has  been  inevitable  that 
attention  should  have  been  focused  on 
the  political  functioning  of  the  League 
of  Nations.  Little  has  been  heard  of  the 
magnificent  results  it  has  accomplished 
for  the  protection  of  women  and  child- 
ren and  almost  nothing  of  what  it  has 
done  for  the  alleviation  of  the  cancerous 
trade  in  dangerous  drugs.  It  is  only 
in  mathematics  that  two  and  two  al- 
ways make  four.  Two  countries  acting 
individually  sometimes  do  not  evince  the 
moral  rectitude  of  two  countries  acting 
publicly  and  in  concert.  Open  cove- 
nants openly  arrived  at  have  proved 
very  effective  indeed  in  shaming  some 
countries  into  setting  their  social  house 
in  order.  For  a  good  many  years  two 
large  countries  sometimes  covertly, 
sometimes  quite  openly,  pandered  to 
drug  smugglers  and  catered  to  the  de- 


sires of  the  large  drug  rings.  But  by 
successive  conferences  and  determina- 
tion an  international  agreement  was  re- 
cently achieved  at  Geneva  which  pro- 
vides not  only  for  uniform  limitation, 
regulation,  and  control  by  practically 
every  country  in  the  world  but  which 
vests  a  large  measure  of  supervision  and 
administration  in  the  League  office,  and 
which  now  has  finally  provided  for 
world-wide  extradition  and  punishment 
of  offenders  against  the  drug  laws.  On 
the  whole  it  may  be  said,  with  some 
confidence,  that  whatever  may  be  the 
retrogressions  in  other  spheres  of  inter- 
national activity  an  aroused  and  in- 
formed world  opinion  is  bringing  mea- 
surably closer  the  day  when  the  black 
plague  of  narcotic  addiction  may  be  con- 
trolled as  successfully  as  the  white  pla- 
gue of  tuberculosis  is  today. 

On  the  home  front  we  must  never 
lose  sight  of  the  fact  that  while  the  Nar- 
cotic Division  is  rendering  invaluable 
and  immeasurable  service  in  curbing 
the  illegal  traffic  in  narcotic  drugs,  the 
huge  profits  obtainable  will  always  at- 
tract the  human  jackals,  frequently  non- 
addicts  themselves,  who  prey  upon  vice 
and  weakness  so  long  as  the  appetite 
for  drugs  remains.  Crime  and  criminal 
associations  are  intimately  related  to  this 
traffic  and  its  participants,  whether 
dealers  or  consumers.  Four  remedies 
are  available:  apprehension  of  and  long- 
term  sentences  for  traffickers;  co-opera- 
tion by  members  of  the  medical  and 
nursing  professions  to  ensure  that  drugs 
are  not  prescribed  or  administered  ex- 
cept for  absolutely  essential  medicinal 
purposes;  compulsory  isolation,  supervi- 
sion, and  institutional  care  of  the  drug 
addict;  and  finally  the  social  and  envi- 
ronmental rehabilitation  of  the  cured 
addict  to  safeguard  him  from  the  re- 
lapse that  inevitably  follows  upon  the 
return  to  his  old  environment. 


NOVEMBER,   1942 


The  Industrial  Nurse 

F.  D.  Cruickshank,  M.  B. 


Until  the  last  few  years,  industry  has 
not  recognized,  except  in  rare  instances, 
the  value  of  the  industrial  nurse,  but 
the  exigencies  of  war  work  has  brought 
her  to  the  fore.  It  has  apparently  been 
difficult  for  employers  of  labour  to  ap- 
preciate that  industrial  ill-health  falls 
within  the  scope  of  the  trained  nurse  and 
that  she  is  an  important  link  in  the 
chain  of  events  that  leads  up  to  preven- 
tion of  industrial  absenteeism.  The 
working  time  lost  by  employees  in  our 
war  industries  should  be  of  serious  con- 
cern to  every  industrialist,  as  collectively 
it  amounts  to  a  considerable  figure  and, 
in  the  case  of  skilled  workers,  especial- 
ly those  on  team  work,  leads  to  dislo- 
cation of  factory  processes,  undue  bur- 
den on  others,  and  a  consequent  falling- 
off  in  out-put. 

Each  industry  may  have  its  own  pe- 
culiar problems  of  health,  but  there  are 
certain  broad  principles  which  can  be 
taken  as  a  basis  for  the  introduction  of 
measures  relating  to  hygiene  in  the  fac- 
tory. It  is  here  that  the  nurse  will  take 
her  place  beside  the  doctor  in  the  well- 
organized  medical  department  in  caring 
for  the  physical  and  mental  needs  of 
the  individual  at  work.  The  modern 
employer  is  beginning  to  recognize  the 
economic  value  of  a  well-organized 
medical  department,  and  labour  is  soon 
going  to  demand  it.  The  duty  then  of 
the  doctor  and  nurse  is  to  do  all  in  their 
power  to  keep  the  individual  worker  in 
good  health,  and  on  the  job. 

It  has  been  said  that  the  successful  in- 
dustrial doctor  must  know  every  phase 
and  operation  of  the  industry  he  serves, 
and  to  no  less  extent  this  applies  to  the 
fac<^ory  nurse.  Transplanting  a  graduate 
from  hospital  bed-side  to  factory  is  not 


as  simple  as  it  apf>ears.  The  nurse  must 
become    acclimatized    to    her    new    en- 
vironment,   and    develop    a    reasonable 
knowledge    of    her    industry's    require- 
ments. To  acquire  this  knowledge,  fre- 
quent  and   thorough   tours   of   the    fac- 
tory with  the  doctor  are  important,  and 
the    occasional   inspection    with   a   repre- 
sentative  of  the   Department  of  Indus- 
trial   Hygiene    is    always    most    helpful. 
The    nurse,    on    her    inspection    of    the 
plant,   which  in  most  large  industries  is 
advisable  at  least  once  a  week,  may  pay 
particular  attention  to  the  work  engaged 
in  by  the  female  employee.  Is  her  dress 
suitable    for   the   job   she   is   on?    Loose 
clothing  that  might  become  entangled  in 
moving  parts  of  her  machine  are  a  de- 
finite hazard.  A  lock  of  hair  protruding 
from    beneath    her    head-dress    is    dan- 
g'erous  and,  just  the  other  day,  I  heard 
of  a  girl  who  lost  a  considerable  quan- 
tity of  her  hair  when  it  became  caught 
in  a  machine.  Fortunately,  in  this  case, 
her  scalp  was  not  seriously  injured,  but      j 
one  could  imagine  a  partial  scalping  by      j 
such   an    accident!    If   there   is   a   heat-      I 
treating  or  plating  department,  the  nurse      i 
will    want   to   know   about  exposure   to      j 
dangerous  gases  and  chemicals  such  as      | 
chromic  acid  and  cyanide.  In  the  paint      j 
shop,   are  lead  and  chrome  compounds      | 
being  used,  and  is  there  exposure  here?      j 
Are     suitable     masks    available     to    the      j 
sprayers,    and    are    they    careless    about      j 
their  use?   Are  the  welders  amply  pro-      ' 
tec^^ed  by  goggles,  and  do  the  girls  ap- 
pear more  anaemic  in  this  or  that  de-      i 
partment?     Observations    such    as    these      j 
are    important,    and    necessary,    if    the      j 
nurse  is  to  have  an  appreciation  of  the     ] 
individuals    who    present    themselves   at 
the  dispensary  later  on. 

Vol.  38.  No.  11 


THE     INDUSTRIAL    NURSE 


851 


The  psychological  effect  of  the  nurse 
in  going  through  the  plant  is  not  always 
recognized,  but  nevertheless  it  has  a  de- 
finite value.  The  tidy,  uniformed  nurse 
makes  an  impression  on  the  worker,  and 
her  in^^erest  in  their  individual  job  brings 
them  closer  together.  Workers  are  more 
likely  to  consult  this  alert  type  of  nurse 
than  the  one  who  sits  and  waits  behind 
her  desk  for  something  to  happen.  Un- 
doubtedly the  nurse  who  knows  the  fac- 
tor}- and  its  workings  will  be  more  ap- 
preciative of  the  hazards  that  confront 
the  employee,  and  consequently  better 
able  to  efficienth'  deal  with  their  prob- 
lems. 

A  nurse,  to  measure  up  to  this  type 
of  job,  must  be  possessed  of  a  spirit  of 
service,  and  not  afraid  of  hard  work. 
She  will  find  in  industry  a  greater  oppor- 
tunity- to  exercise  her  talents  than  in  any 
other  branch  of  nursing,  and  also  that 
this  work  gives  her  a  chance  to  empha- 
size the  preventive  rather  than  the  cura- 
tive side  of  nursing.  An  active  in'"erest 
in  public  health  work  is  desirable,  as 
the  practical  application  of  preventive 
medicine  in  collaboration  with  the  doc- 
tor is  proving  to  be  one  of  the  most  fas- 
cinating problems  in  the  whole  field  of 
industrial  hygiene.  The  nurse's  recogni- 
tion of  a  health  hazard,  often  by  chance, 
may  lead  to  extensive  investigations  be- 
ing carried  out  by  industry,  the  medical 
profession,  and  the  Department  of  In- 
dus*^rial  Hygiene.  The  co-operation  of 
the  doctor  and  nurse  with  the  factory 
engineer  is  important  in  preventing  and 
solving  factory  health  hazards. 

In  the  dispensary,  the  nurse  has  an 
all-important  place,  inasmuch  as  she  is, 
in  the  majority  of  cases,  the  first  one 
to  see  the  workman  who  is  ill,  whether 
this  illness  is  caused  by  his  occupation, 
or  otherwise.  With  her  rests  the  res- 
ponsibility of  bringing  to  the  notice  and 
att^ention  of  the  doctor  any  illness  or  ac- 
cident   that    she    considers    beyond    her 

NOVEMBER,    1942 


sphere.  This  is  so  important.  If  the 
nurse  fumbles  the  case  it  is  often  ne- 
glected, and  too  often  with  serious  re- 
sults. The  nurse  must  never  minimize, 
no  matter  how  trivial  the  case  may  be. 
Efficiency  in  the  nurse's  work  is  not 
dependent  on  the  number  of  major  cases 
that  come  to  the  dispensary — as  they 
would  receive  adequate  treatment  any- 
how— but  on  the  minor  ones,  which 
often,  if  not  correctly  treated,  may  be- 
come major  ones. 

There  are  distinct  types  of  cases  com- 
ing to  the  hospital.  The  accident  cases 
will  be  of  every  degree  and  description 
and  must  be  correctly  allocated — those 
requiring  the  doctor's  attention,  and 
those  minor  enough  to  be  dressed  and 
put  back  to  work  at  once.  It  is  of'"en 
difficult  for  the  nurse  to  make  this  al- 
location but  she  must  always  give  herself 
the  benefit  of  the  doubt,  and  will  likely 
regain  her  job  longer.  A  nurse  must  not 
attempt  to  practice  medicine.  She  is 
not  licensed  for  this,  and  too  often  this 
is  not  observed.  It  is  not  wise  or  legal 
for  her  to  use  the  eye-spud,  i"he  scalpel, 
or  to  administer  on  her  own  initiative 
serums  or  hypodermics  that  are  clearly 
labelled  "to  be  used  only  under  a  phy- 
sician's direction".  Employers  who  en- 
courage such  practice  should  be  polite- 
ly told  that  it  is  beyond  the  nurse's 
sphere.  Likewise  the  careful  nurse  does 
not  attempt  to  diagnose.  This  will  often 
prove  embarrassing  to  herself  as  well  as 
to  the  doctor,  and  may  be  disastrous  t"o 
the  worker.  Some  employers  provide 
cold  serum  to  be  administered  by  the 
nurse  without  medical  supervision. 
This  is  a  dangerous  prac'^ice  and  is 
doing  more  than  anything  to  give  cold 
serum    a   black   eye. 

If  the  factory  nurse  is  to  retain  liie 
confidence  of  the  female  employee,  she 
must  be  careful  not  to  play  favourites. 
Associating  with  the  girls  from  the  of- 
fice, in  the  cafeteria  and  in  the  grounds 


852 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


at  lunch  hour,  is  a  mistake.  Also  calling 
in  the  office  worker  ahead  of  the  factory 
girl,  from  the  waiting  room  will  be  re- 
sejited,  and  soon  destroys  the  nurse's 
value  in  the  plant.  The  nurse  can  do 
some  fine  diplomatic  work  by  lunching 
occasionally  with  the  girls  from  the  fac- 
tory, and  also  by  attending  some  of  their 
social  functions.  This  promotes  good- 
will, and  the  nurse  is  soon  looked  on  as 
a  friend.  It  is  well  to  remember  that  the 
gulf  between  factory  and  office  is  great- 
er with  the  girls  than  with  the  men, 
and  it  is  well  for  the  nurse  to  recognize 
that  today  many  of  the  girls  who  are 
welding  or  rive<"ting  in  the  factory  have 
social  and  educational  background  as 
good  as  the  girl  who  takes  the  notes 
from  the  manager.  In  fact,  today,  with 
the  spirit  of  national  war  effort  and  sac- 
rifice paramount,  you  will  find  in  our 
factories  many  girls  wi''h  excellent  edu- 
cation and  high  social  standing.  The 
nurse  must  be  one  of  the  first  to  recog- 
nize this,  and  pay  deference  to  it,  if  she 
is  going  to  retain  her  hold  on  the  con- 
fidence  of  the   employees. 

The  nurse's  personal  appearance  is 
of  major  importance.  Just  because  she 
is  v.'orking  in  a  factory,  and  dealing 
often  with  grimy  individuals,  is  no  rea- 
son why  she  should  wear  a  spotted  uni- 
form and  have  untidy  hair.  Personal  ap- 
pearance counts  for  as  much  in  the  fac- 
tory hospital  as  it  does  in  the  private 
pavilion. 

So  much  for  ethics  and  professional 
conduct.  On  the  practical  and  preven- 
tive side  of  the  industrial  nurse's  work 
her  first  consideration  is  the  initial  treat- 
ment of  accident  cases.  Rigid  adherence 
on  the  part  of  the  nurse  to  the  surgical 
rules  laid  down  by  the  doctor  is  most 
important.  Eternal  vigilance  is  the  price 
of  safety,  and  this  is  a  good  rule  that  the 
nurse  must  follow  at  all  times,  and  the 
careful  cleansing  and  sterilization  by  the 
application  of  some  suitable  antiseptic  to 


the  most  trivial  scratch  may  prevent 
serious  infection  and  subsequent  loss  of 
time.  The  personnel  of  every  factory 
hospital  have  seen  far  more  trouble  arise 
from  a  pin-prick  than  from  an  amputa- 
tion. It  is  well  for  the  nurse  to  learn 
if  there  is  a  type  of  infection  peculiar  to 
her  own  industry.  For  instance  in  the 
aircraft  industry  we  have  aluminium 
alloys  that  prolong  the  healing  of  cuts. 
Very  small  particles  of  Dural  in  a  cut 
may  prevent  it  healing  for  weeks.  We 
have  overcome  this  to  a  large  extent 
by  education  and  the  use  of  alcohol 
dressings.  Employees  working  with  alu- 
minium compounds  are  repeatedly  warn- 
ed to  come  to  the  disp>ensary  with  every 
scratch.  The  nurse  washes  the  cut  thor- 
oughly with  green  soap  and  water,  and 
applies  an  alcohol  dressing.  This,  again 
is  one  place  where  the  nurse  must  be  fa- 
miliar with  her  own  industry. 

The  man  who  comes  into  the  hospi- 
tal complaining  of  stomach-ache,  and 
asks  for  a  seidli'^z,  or  stomach  powder, 
cannot  always  be  dismissed  lightly.  The 
w.'se  nurse  will  often  recognize  that  he 
may  actually  be  suffering  from  lead  poi- 
soning. This  is  a  case  for  the  factory 
doctor,  for  if  the  employee  is  allowed 
to  go  home  and  call  the  family  physi- 
cian, who  is  unfamiliar  with  his  exposure 
to  lead,  he  may  come  to  an  unnecessary 
surgical  operaHon.  This  has  happened 
on  more  than  one  occasion.  Chrome,  in 
paints,  may  cause  an  intense  itchy  rash 
as  will  amyl  acetate  which  is  used  some- 
times as  a  substitute  for  butyl  acetate  in 
certain  paints. 

Cadmium  is  a  met^al  that  is  used  ex- 
tensively in  certain  industries  in  electro- 
plating and  soldering.  If  the  industry 
uses  this  metal  the  nurse  should  know  it. 
The  man  who  comes  in  with  a  tightness 
in  his  chest  and  asks  for  cough  medicine 
may  be  suffering  from  cadmium  poi- 
soning, and  require  urgent  medical  at- 

Vol.  38,  No.  11 


THE     INDUSTRIAL    NURSE 


853 


tention  if  his  life  is  to  be  saved.  These 
cases  develop  a  pulmonary  oedema. 

A  workman  may  come  in  with  many 
small  burns  on  his  arms.  They  may  look 
quite  simple,  and  he  may  be  apologetic 
about  coming  to  the  dispensary  for  such 
a  trivial  thing  —  but  in  a  few  minutes, 
he  faints,  and  then  if  the  nurse  is  fa- 
miliar with  the  plant,  she  will  want  to 
find  out  if  they  are  cyanide  burns.  Cya- 
nide is  used  for  the  hardening  of  ma- 
chine tools,  and  neglected  burns  from 
it  are  sometimes  fatal,  unless  the  chem- 
ical is  all  removed.  This  is  done  by  the 
doctor  forcibly  scraping  the  burns  with 
a  sharp  scalpel,  and  liberally  washing 
with  plain  water.  A  cyanide  burn  the 
size  of  a  quarter  may  be  fatal.  Chrome 
burns  are  also  serious  but  not  so  fatal. 

Another  workman  may  comes  in  witk 
a  nose-bleed,  quite  a  common  thing 
in  everyday  life,  but  if  he  works  in  the 
heat-treating  department  or  the  paint 
shop,  he  may  have  been  exposed  to 
chromic  acid  or  zinc  chromate,  and  in- 
vestigation of  his  nose-bleed  may  reveal 
a  perforating  ulcer  of  the  nasal  septum. 
This  workman  must  be  removed  at  once 
from  this  hazard,  and  have  prolonged 
treatment  if  a  permanent  disability  is  to 
be  prevented.  An  intelligent  nurse  will 
look  for  cases  like  this  as,  with  men  in 
this  department,  familiarity  breeds  con- 
tempt, and  they  are  inclined  to  mini- 
mize their  trouble  until  too  late. 

A  girl  who  comes  in  for  an  aspirin 
tablet  may  reveal  a  pair  of  sore-look- 
ing hands.  An  observant  nurse  may  re- 
alize something  is  amiss  before  the  pa- 
tient. If  this  girl  operates  a  lathe,  she 
is  probably  suffering  from  irritating  cut- 
ting oils  or  compounds  —  an  occupa- 
tional dermatitis.  An  alert  nurse  may 
save  this  worker  a  great  deal  of  discom- 
fort, and  prevent  another  lost-time  ac- 
cident by  sending  this  case  to  the  doc- 
tor. It  is  interesting  to  note  that  blondes 
are  more  susceptible  to  occupational  der- 

NOVEMBER,    1942 


matitis  than  brunettes,  as  are  individuals 
with  athlete's  foot,  seborrhoea,  anemia 
and  rheumatism.  Employees  on  ma- 
chines using  cutting  oils,  who  wash  fre- 
quently, will  do  much  to  avoid  skin  ir- 
ritation. This  is  something  for  the  nurse 
to  urge  ref)eatedly.  She  can  also  see 
that  the  soap  used  in  the  washrooms  is 
rather  mild,  as  many  strong  soaps  only 
increase  the  irritation.  The  nurse  can 
also  advise  against  the  use  of  petroleum 
benzine,  turpentine,  and  other  solvents 
that  workmen  are  apt  to  clean  their 
hands  with,  as  often  the  dermatitis  they 
have  is  the  result  of  the  methods  they 
use  for  cleaning  their  hands,  rather  than 
the  oils  and  compounds. 

A  nurse  may  notice  that  the  girls  in 
the  welding  department  appear  more 
anaemic  than  those  in  another  depart- 
ment, and  she  could  bring  this  to  the 
attention  of  the  doctor,  who  would  in- 
vestigate it.  In  this  particular  depart- 
ment, if  there  is  faulty  ventilation,  the 
fumes  from  the  welding  compounds  may 
cause  a  progressive  anaemia.  In  a  case 
like  this,  the  company  would  increase 
the  efficiency  of  the  worker  by  improv- 
ing the  ventilation,  and  the  providing 
of  iron  tonics. 

Every  factory  employing  large  num- 
bers of  girls  will  find  many  coming  to 
the  dispensary  daily  for  cough  medicines. 
It  is  a  well  recognized  fact  that  the 
bronchial  membranes  in  the  female  are 
more  easily  irritated  by  dust  and  gases, 
than  in  the  male.  A  certain  number  of 
these  girls  will  worry  about  the  possi- 
bility of  tuberculosis,  and  this  is  one  place 
where  the  nurse  can  lend  a  helping 
hand,  as  their  fears  must  be  either  dis- 
sipated or  confirmed.  If  they  will  not 
go  to  their  family  physician,  they  may 
be  directed  to  some  clinic  like  the  Gage 
Institute,  for  investigation. 

The  factory  nurse  may  be  of  help  by 
giving  simple  advice  on  diet.  Girls  who 
appear    under-nourished    and    are    con- 


854 


THE     CANADIAN    NURSE 


tinually  coming  to  the  hospital  for  head- 
ache tablets  may  be  advised  on  their 
food,  and  possibly  the  correction  of 
constipation.  In  our  industry,  we  find 
more  girls  complaining  of  faintness  and 
sick  stomach  in  the  morning  than  men, 
and  in  many  of  these  cases  they  have 
come  to  work  wi^'hout  breakfast  or,  at 
best,  without  an  adequate  meal.  Those 
Suffering  from  a  sluggish  liver  and  faul- 
ty elimination  feel  their  worst  in  the 
morning,  and  this  no  doubt  accounts 
for  the  high  incidence  of  sickness 
amongs^  the  girls  in  the  early  hours 
of  work. 

Companies  who  employ  a  nurse  to 
follow  up  absentees  are  providing  a 
useful  service,  as  many  employees  will 
remain  at  home  for  a  day  or  two  with- 
out medical  attention.  A  suggestion 
from  the  visiting  nurse  that  they  see 
their  doctors  is  often  heeded,  and  they 
will  be  back  to  work  that  much  sooner. 
In  the  case  of  key  men,  this  is,  in  these 
days,  an  important  thing. 

The  nurse  must  be  careful  not  to  sug- 
gest this  or  that  doctor,  as  the  individual 
is  still  entitled  to  his  choice  of  physician; 
this  is  some'"hing  that  is  too  often  for- 
gotten. Accidents  and  occupational  dis- 
eases are,  of  course,  undoubtedly  better 
handled  by  the  factory  doctor,  who  is, 
in  a  sense,  a  specialist  in  this  particular 
branch  of  work.  Especially  in  the  oc- 
cupational  diseases,   his   familiarity   with 


the  industry  and  the  materials  used  may 
be  the  important  thing  in  treatment. 
Just  as  we  mentioned  in  cadmium  and 
lead  poisoning,  the  family  doctor,  no 
matter  how  brilliant,  might  be  at  a  de- 
cided disadvantage  in  treating  these 
cases. 

Besides  the  specific  cases  mentioned, 
there  are  a  varie'"y  of  individual  troubles 
being  presented  to  the  nurse  daily,  many 
of  them  nervous  and  mental.  A  man 
may  be  coming  repeatedly  to  the  dis- 
pensary complaining  of  this  and  that, 
and  saying  he  "feels  all-in",  and  al- 
though he  has  no  apparent  disease,  he 
may  be  full  of  symptoms.  The  nurse,  by 
the  confidence  she  radiates,  may  be  the 
first  one  to  find  out  from  him  that  he 
is  in  trouble  at  home.  The  nurse  will 
run  across  many  cases  like  this,  and  by 
helping,  even  in  a  small  way,  the  per- 
son in  trouble,  she  may  be  indirectly 
helping  product'ion  in  the  plant,  as  well 
as  bringing   happiness  to   the   individual. 

Industrial  psychology  is  a  subject 
worthy  of  more  attention,  because  often 
sickness  absence  in  industry  may  be  due 
to  other  than  physical  causes.  The  work- 
er may  be  in  the  wrong  job  or  under 
the  wrong  boss.  No  one,  probably,  will 
have  a  better  opportunity  than  the 
nurse  to  measure  the  mental  make-up 
of  those  with  whom  she  comes  in  con- 
tact. 


The  epidemic  of  bare  legs  is  spreading. 
The  London  County  Hospitals,  Guy's  Hos- 
pital, Manchester  Corporation  Hospitals,  as 
well  as  the  hospitals  of  the  Lancashire 
Mental  Hospitals  Board,  allow  members  of 
the  nursing  staff  to  leave  o^f  their  stock- 
ings. Evidently  the  country  feels  that  a  uni- 
form is  not  complete  without  stockings  for 
all  members  of  the  women's    Services  keep 


Aprons  and  Bare  Legs 

their  legs  covered.  The  wearing  of  black 
non-porous  shoes  next  to  the  skin  may 
cause  blisters  and  sores  which  may  affect 
the  health  of  the  nurse  and  therefore  the 
welfare  of  the  patient.  H  the  country  can 
still  afford  to  give  stockings  to  its  other  uni- 
formed services,  should  the  nurse  not  have 
the  same  privilege? 

—  Nursing  Times 


Vol.   38,   No.   11 


Notes  From  the  National  Office 

Contributed  by  JEAN  S.  WILSON, 
Executive  Secretary,  The  Canadian  Nurses  Association 


Health  Notes  by  Radio 

The  Canadian  Nurses  Association  ap- 
preciates very  much  that  in  National 
Health  Radio  Notes  issued  during  the 
month  of  October,  the  Publicity  and 
Health  Education  Division  of  the  De- 
partment of  Pensions  and  National 
Health  arranged  to  have  a  "Note"  on 
Nursing  announced  every  second  day. 
Each  "Note"  has  an  appeal  to  some  spe- 
cific aspect  of  nursing  service.  The  Pub- 
licity and  Health  Education  Division  of 
the  Department  of  Pensions  and  Na- 
tional Health  plans  to  release  similar  an- 
nouncements during  ensuing  months. 

This  further  evidence  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  Pensions  and  National  Health 
to  co-operate  with  the  Canadian  Nurses 
Association  is  most  gratefully  acknowl- 
edged. The  Association  is  already  in- 
debted to  this  Federal  Department  for 
a  grant  of  $115,000.00  for  the  fiscal 
year  1942-43  (see  The  Canadian 
Nurse  J  September  issue,  page  607.) 

The  National  Health  Radio  Notes 
are  being  announced  daily  by  27  privac- 
te  stations;  21  C.B.C.  supplementary 
stations;  26  network  stations,  and  by 
10  basic  stations  of  the  C.B.C,  a  total 
of  84  stations. 


Post-Graduate   Clinical   Courses 

The  Committee  appointed  by  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association  to  award 
bursaries  to  candidates  for  post-graduate 


clinical  courses  wishes  to  announce  that 
applications  for  these  courses  must  be 
sent  to  National  Office  before  Decem- 
ber 31,  1942.  A  candidate  for  this  type 
of  bursary  should  have  at  least  six 
months'  experience  following  graduation 
in  the  field  of  nursing  in  which  she 
wishes  to  take  a  post-graduate  course.  A 
candidate  should  hold  a  complete  high 
school  provincial  certificate  or  matricu- 
lation standing  (or  equivalent),  be  a 
graduate  of  an  approved  school  of  nurs- 
ing, and  a  member  in  good  standing  of 
a  provincial  association  of  registered 
nurses  by  which  a  nurse  becomes  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association. 
An  evaluation  of  an  applicant's  person- 
ality, interests  and  potentialities  will  be 
obtained.  Each  candidate  to  receive  a 
bursary  will  be  under  contract  for  a 
year's  service  in  civilian  nursing  in  Can- 
ada following  completion  of  her  course. 
Preference  will  be  given  to  applicants 
who  select  a  course  in  which  university 
study  is  given  concurrently  with  clinical 
experience. 

The  maximum  amount  of  this  type  of 
bursary  will  be  two  hundred  and  fifty 
dollars  depending  on  the  amount  re- 
quired  for  travelling  expenses. 

Also  a  limited  number  of  applicants 
will  be  considered  who,  having  secured 
advanced  preparation  in  nursing  by  a 
year  or  more  at  a  University,  may  wish 
to  broaden  that  experience  through  ob- 
servation in  some  other  large  centre. 

Bursaries  can  be  awarded  for  clinical 
courses  in  Canada  only. 


NOVEMBER,    1942 


856 


THE     CANADIAN    NURSE 


Application  forms  may  be  secured 
from  the  provincial  office  of  each  asso- 
ciation of  registered  nurses. 


A  Correction 

A  Brief  on  Nursing  Service  in  rela- 
tion to  Health  Insurance  as  submitted  by 
the  Canadian  Nurses  Association  to  the 
Federal  Authorities  early  in  June  1942, 
was  published  in  the  September  issue  of 
the  Journal,  pages  709-711. 

It  is  regretted  that  in  copy  of  the 
Brief  sent  to  the  Editor  of  the  Journal, 
paragraph  three,  under  the  section 
"Health  Insurance  Councils"  was  not 
revised  to  coincide  with  the  final  revi- 
sion of  the  Brief,  The  concluding  sen- 
tence of  paragraph  three  should  be:  "It 
is  further  recommended  that,  to  effec- 
tually coordinate  the  work,  representa- 
tives of  the  different  fields  of  nursing 
should  be  rotated  on  these  councils  and 
on  regional  advisory  committees." 


Canadian  Women  in  the  War  Effort 

Among  the  series  of  Canadian  War 
Pamphlets  issued  by  The  Macmillan 
Company  of  Canada  Limited,  is  one 
"Canadian  Women  in  the  War  Effort" 
by  Miss  Charlotte  Whitton,  which  is 
a  compilation  of  information  about  every 
organized  group  of  women  in  Canada 
which  is  making  a  planned  war  effort. 

Organizations  of  nurses  may  secure 
this  pamphlet  for  distribution  to  mem- 
bers on  the  following  terms:  less  than 
99  copies,  50c  each,  less  33-1/3%;  499 
or  less  at  50c  each,  less  33-1/3%  plus 
5%;  500  upwards,  40%.  Orders  for 
copies  should  be  sent  to  The  Macmillan 
Company  of  Canada  Limited,  St.  Mar- 
tin's House,   70  Bond  Street,  Toronto. 


Bursaries  Awarded 

In  the  September  issue  of  the  Journal, 
the  President  of  the  Canadian  Nurses 
Association  announced  the  allotment  and 
purposes  of  a  grant  of  $115,000.00  as 
received  from  the  Federal  Government 
for  the  fiscal  year  1942-43. 

One  allotment  of  the  grant,  twenty- 
five  thousand  dollars,  is  "to  provide 
scholarships  for  graduate  nurses  who 
are  deemed  by  the  Canadian  Nurses  As- 
sociation to  be  promising  material  for 
education  as  teachers,  supervisors  and 
administrators". 

The  Committee  appointed  to  select 
promising  candidates  for  bursaries  (scho- 
larships) from  applications  received  met 
on  August  29  when,  before  considering 
a  large  number  of  applications,  the  fol- 
lowing policies  for  the  Committee's 
guidance  were  adopted: 

1.  That  funds  for  bursaries  be  used  for 
study  in  Canada  only  (a  federal  govern- 
ment ruling). 

2.  That  approximately  $2500.00  be  earmark- 
ed   for    French-speaking    applicants. 

3.  That  a  contract  be  required  from  reci- 
pients of  bursaries  and  that  each  recipient 
be  asked  to  postpone  military  service  luitil 
the  contract  is  fulfilled. 

4.  That  applicants  who  had  enrolled  for 
courses  after  the  announcement  of  the 
grant  be  given  first  consideration. 

5.  That  the  Montreal  members  of  the  Com- 
mittee be  authorized  to  deal  with  any  fur- 
ther applications. 

Four  meetings  of  the  Committee  were 
held  between  August  29  and  September 
17.  A  total  of  112  applications  were 
received.  Forty-five  applicants  were 
awarded  bursaries.  The  Committee 
realized  that  all  successful  candidates 
should  be  enrolled  before  September  30, 
therefore  every  effort  was  made  to  deal 
speedily  with   each   applicant.    Unfortu- 


Vol.    J8,  No.   11 


NATIONAL    OFFICE 


857 


Province 


Alberta 

British  Columbia 

Manitoba 

New  Brunswick 

Nova  Scotia 

Ontario 

Prince  Edward  Island.. 
Quebec 

Saskatchewan 


Teaching  & 

Administration 

Total 

Supervision 

Amounts 

Schools  of 

Public 

Schools  of         Public 

Nursing 

Health 

Nursing           Health 

3 



1                   — 

$1,965. (X) 

3 

— 

—                     1 

1,600.00 

4 

3 

—                    — 

2,765  00 

1 

2 

—                   — 

1,330.00 

1 

2 

- —                   — 

1,400.00 

1 

4 

1                     1 

2,650.00 

1 

—                   — 

265.00 

—  (French)     7 

(French)     2 

2,525.00 

—  (English)     1 

—                   — 

500.00 

5 

1 

3,000.00 

$i8,0U0.0U 

nately  aproximately  thirty  percent  of 
applications  were  not  in  complete  form 
— in  most  instances  the  required  three 
letters  of  reference  did  not  arrive. 

The  applications  by  French-speaking 
nurses  were  considered  by  their  repre- 
sentatives on  the  Committee. 

The  allocation  of  bursaries  according 
to  Province  showing  the  number  of 
awards  for  a  year's  study  at  a  Univer- 
sity Department  or  School  of  Nursing 
is  indicated  in  the  above  table. 


British  Nurses  Relief  Fund 

Contributions   to   the    British  Nurses 

Relief  Fund  have  been  received  from: 

Alberta : 

University  of  Alberta  Hospital, 

Edmonton $50.05 

Royal  Alexandra  Hospital  staff, 

Edmonton     , 25.75 

Royal  Alexandra  Student  Body, 

Edmonton   , 10.00 

Misericordia  Hospital,  Calgary   . . .  13.50 

Calgary  General  Hospital  40.00 

Student  nurses,  Holy  Cross  Hospital, 

Calgary 31.00 

A.  A.,  Lament  Hospital  13.35 

Stettler  Graduate  Nurses'  Group  . .  9.00 


Drumheller  District  No.  5  65.00 

Calgary  District  No.  3   . ., 20.00 

Country  hospitals   46.00 

Individual   donations    76.35 

Nova  Scotia'. 

Halifax  Branch    11.75 

Pictou  Co.   Branch    3.00 

Valley  Branch  16.75 

Colchester  Co.  Branch 15.00 

Leneburg  Co.  Branch   5.00 

Ontario : 

District    1 : 

A.   A.,   Memorial   Hospital, 

St.  Thomas 11.25 

District  4 : 

Graduating   class,    Hamilton 

General   Hospital    100.00 

District  5 : 

A.  A.,  Women's  College  Hospital, 

Toronto 50.00 

A.  A.,  Toronto  General  Hospital  . .       125.00 
Alatron  and  Nursing  Sisters : 
Camp  Borden  Military  Hospital   . .         3500 
Chorley  Park  Military  Hospital, 

Toronto 25.00 

District  7: 

Nursing  staff,   Ontario   Hospital, 

Kingston   142.00 

District  9 : 

Sault  Ste.  Marie  nurses  28.00 

Kirkland  Lake  nurses  10.50 


NOVEMBER,    1942 


Annual  Meeting  in  New  Brunswick 


The  annual  meeting  of  the  New  Brunswick 
Association  of  Registered  Nurses  was  held 
recently  in  St.  Stephen,  with  107  members 
in  attendance.  In  her  presidential  address, 
Sister  Kerr  spoke  of  the  work  of  the  Emer- 
gency Nursing  Adviser  and  outlined  the 
program  formulated  by  the  joint  meeting 
of  representatives  of  our  Canadian  Univer- 
sities and  the  Executive  of  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association.  The  report  of  the  sec- 
retary was  given  by  Miss  Law  who  stated 
that  the  membership  of  the  Association  is 
now  914.  The  report  of  the  treasurer,  also 
given  by  Miss  Law,  showed  the  financial 
affairs  of  the  Association  to  be  in  good 
condition.  The  Legislation  Committee  report 
was  presented  by  Miss  B.   L.  Gregory. 

Miss  Margaret  Pringle  presented  her  re- 
port as  Emergency  Nursing  Adviser  and 
much  discussion  followed.  Miss  Alma  Law 
reported  on  the  general  meeting  of  the  Cana- 
dian Nurses  Association.  Miss  Marion 
Myers,  convener.  Hospital  and  School  of 
Nursing  Section,  presented  her  report  and 
suggested  that  the  chapters,  corrunittees  and 
groups  undertake,  as  part  of  their  year's 
activity,  a  comprehensive  study  of  the  re- 
ports of  the  work  of  the  Canadian  Nurses 
Association  appearing  in  the  September  num- 
ber of  The  Canadian  Nurse. 

Miss  Helen  Cahill,  convener  of  The  Cana- 
dian Nurse  committee,  reported  an  increase 
of  twenty-three  subscriptions  over  last  year. 
Miss  Clara  Boyd,  convener  of  the  Commit- 
tee on  Instruction,  reported  a  meeting  held  to 
consider  an  outline  of  study  relating  to 
uniformity  in  our  provincial  R.N.  examina- 
tions. The  following  recommendations  were 
submitted :  that  two  and  one-half  days,  in- 
stead of  two  days  be  given  applicants  to 
write  their  examinations ;  that  the  pass  mark 
be  changed  to  60  instead  of  50,  and  that  the 
aggregate  marks  be  540  with  not  less  than 
45  on  any  subject.  Miss  Ada  Burns,  con- 
vener. Public  Health  Section,  reported  three 
new  appointments  made  by  the  Government 
in  the  field  of  public  health  nursing.  Recom- 
mendations from  the  Public  Health  Section, 
Canadian  Nurses  Association,  were  read. 
Miss  Myrtle  Kay,  convener,  General  Nurs- 
ing Section,  brought  in  a  recommendation 
that  eight-hour  duty  be  adopted  and  the 
following  schedule  of  fees  be  approved: 
eight-hour    duty,    $4.00;    twelve-hour    duty, 


$5.00;  twenty-hour  duty,  $6.00. 

Miss  A.  J.  MacMaster,  convener,  Scholar- 
ship Award  Committee,  reported  that  a 
scholarship  of  $250  was  awarded  Miss  Louise 
Bartsch  who  is  taking  a  course  in  adminis- 
tration at  the  School  for  Graduate  Nurses, 
McGill  University.  Mrs.  G.  E.  van  Dorsser, 
chairman.  Enrolment  of  Nurses  Committee, 
spoke  of  the  importance  of  continuing  en- 
rolment in  case  of  disaster.  Miss  Ada  Burns, 
convener.  History  of  Nursing  Committee, 
reported  continued  efforts  to  collect  all  his- 
torical items  of  interest  in  our  province.  Miss 
Mabel  McMullen,  convener,  committee  to 
study  eight-hour  duty,  presented  her  report 
and,  though  it  was  felt  that  eight-hour  duty 
would  be  ideal,  the  time  is  inopportune  and 
it  remains  an  objective  for  the  future.  A 
round  table  conference  on  current  nursing 
events,  conducted  by  Miss  Marion  Myers, 
proved  interesting  and  instructive.  The  re- 
ports on  local  chapters  showed  a  very  active 
year. 

The  following  officers  and  conveners  were 
elected :  President,  Rev.  Sister  Kerr ;  first 
vice-president,  Miss  Lois  Smith ;  second  vice- 
president.  Miss  Reta  Follis ;  hon.-secretary, 
Aliss  Mabel  McMullen ;  Conveners  of  Com- 
mittees :  advisory  committee  of  schools  of 
nursing.  Miss  A.  F.  Law;  legislation  com- 
mittee. Miss  Dorothy  Parsons;  The  Canadian 
Nurse,  Miss  Nellie  Wallace;  Public  Health 
Section,  Miss  Muriel  Hunter ;  General 
Nursing  Section,  Miss  Mary  Harding ;  edu- 
cation and  instruction.  Miss  Marion  Myers; 
Representatives  of  Chapters  and  Districts: 
Miss  A.  J.  MacMaster,  Moncton ;  Rev.  Sis- 
ter Saint  Stanislaus,  Chatham;  Representa- 
tives to  National  Committees :  Miss  B.  L. 
Gregory,  health  insurance  and  nursing  serv- 
ice; Miss  A.  A.  Burns,  history  of  nursing; 
Miss  M.  McMullen,  eight-hour  duty  for 
nurses;  Miss  Marion  Myers,  exchange  of 
nurses. 

Mr.  T.  C.  Mcnabb,  General  Manager, 
C.P.R.,  District  of-  New  Brunswick,  was 
guest  speaker  at  the  dinner  meeting;  his 
topic  was  fortitude.  The  St.  Croix  Medical 
Association  entertained  the  nurses  at  tea. 
An  invitation  from  the  Saint  John  Chapter 
to  hold  the  1943  annual  meeting  in  Saint 
John  was  accepted. 

Alma  F,  Law 

Secretary-Registrar,  N.B. A.R.N. 


858 


Vol.  38,  No.  11 


PUBLIC   HEALTH   NURSING 

Contributed  by  the  Public  Health  Section  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association. 

A  Comparison  of  Health  Service  in  Elementary 
and  Secondary  Schools 

W.    V.    GODARD 


It  has  been  stated  by  an  authority  on 
school  nursing  that  the  primary  aim, 
which  the  nurse  and  all  other  health 
workers  must  hold  constantly  in  mind, 
is  opportunity  for  every  child  for  contin- 
uous and  satisfactory  growth  in  con- 
trol of  conduct  contributory  to  health. 
If  we  are  willing  to  accept  this  as  a 
goal,  a  comparison  of  health  services  in 
elementary  and  secondary  schools  will 
be  more  one  of  degree  than  of  kind; 
suiting  the  program  to  the  stage  of  ma- 
turation of  the  child — physical,  mental, 
emotional  and  social,  and  to  those  needs 
shown  from  study  of  the  vital  statistics 
of  the  age  group. 

Growth  is  said  to  be  the  most  strik- 
ing characteristic  of  the  child  though  it 
is  uneven  and  irregular  and  varies  with 
each  individual.  Height  and  weight  cy- 
cles are  noted  by  various  writers  and 
both  boys  and  girls  are  very  conscious  of 
their  appearance  and  most  anxious  to 
conform  to  the  so-called  norm.,  where- 
as the  younger  child  frequently  cares 
little  or  nothing  about  his  appearance. 
Regarding  mental  growth,  children  with 
a  lower  I.  Q.  are  apt  to  be  retarded 
in  motor,  physical  and  sensory  develop- 
ment but  the  problem  is  more  academic 
than  physical.  Nevertheless  the  nurse 
should  know  the  mental  level  and  suit 
her  service  to  the  student's  needs. 


Emotional  growth  seems  to  vary  even 
more  than  physical  or  mental  develop- 
ment. However,  there  are  broad  gen- 
eral characteristics  of  the  school  age 
groups.  Both  elementary  and  secondary 
school  children  have  desires  for  group 
recognition,  for  new  experiences  and  for 
security.  The  younger  child  needs  a 
greater  assurance  that  he  has  love  and 
protection  from  those  adults  with  whom 
he  comes  in  contact,  whereas  the  ado- 
lescent wants  to  take  this  for  granted 
and  seeks  understanding  of  his  striving 
for  independence.  Both  groups  also  wish 
for  response  or  intimacy  with  one  person, 
either  parent,  teacher,  some  especially 
liked  companion  or  even  a  pet  dog. 

Children  of  all  age  groups  are  en- 
chantingly  unlike  one  another,  but  they 
are  also  alike.  The  boys  and  girls  in 
kindergarten  and  first  grades  play  well 
together,  but  later  want  groups  of  their 
own  age  and  sex,  organized  or  unorga- 
nized, as  their  chief  social  interest  and 
they  seek  the  approval  of  the  group  ra- 
ther than  family  or  other  adults,  es- 
pecially after  ten  years  of  age.  Gang 
play  progresses  to  team  play  and  by  se- 
condary school  age  there  is  a  keen  in- 
terest in  competitive  sports  either  as  par- 
ticipant or  observer  and  in  other  activities 
shared  by  both  sexes. 

During  the  so-called  gang  age,  there 


NOVEMBER.    1942 


859 


860 


THE     CANADIAN    NURSE 


is  a  special  lack  of  sympathy  toward  the 
opposite  sex.  Ethical  standards,  loyalty, 
fairness,  self-reliance,  and  so  forth  are 
acquired  in  this  period  so  that  by  the 
time  he  has  entered  high  school  the 
'  child  has  a  fairly  well-defined  sense  of 
social  responsibihty.  His  sins  of  omis- 
sion are  more  thoughtlessness  than 
ignorance.  Though  rebellious  of  au- 
thority he  can  be  impressed  when  he 
sees  the  utility  and  necessity  of  authority 
and  he  is  very  ready  to  accept  the  rules 
from  his  own  age  group.  Between  the 
true  gang  age  and  the  gradual  return- 
ing interest  in  the  other  sex,  there  is  in 
some  children  a  negativistic  period;  in 
girls  this  may  be  at  about  twelve  or 
thirteen  years  and  in  boys  thirteen  to 
fourteen  years.  They  are  unsocial,  be- 
come critical,  self-centred  and  selfish 
and  fight  with  and  against  everything, 
and  seek  interest  in  sex. 

The  period  from  twelve  to  eighteen 
years  is  usually  a  healthy  period.  How- 
ever, deaths  from  tuberculosis  rise  after 
fifteen  years  of  age,  excepting  in  those 
municipalities  which  have  paid  special 
attention  to  this  disease.  In  girls,  the  tu- 
berculosis curve  rises  sharply  from  fif- 
teen to  twenty  years;  for  males  it  ex- 
tends further  into  adulthood.  Miss  Ella 
Chayer  in  her  book  on  School  Nursing 
states  "despite  the  fact  that  death  rates 
and  indices  of  illness  are  low,  the  phys- 
ical status  of  the  secondary  school  child 
is  inferior  in  many  respects  to  that  of 
the  younger  group.  Defects  of  vision  are 
doubled,  heart  and  lung  conditions  are 
greatly  increased.  Thyroid  and  skin  dis- 
turbance and  skin  infections  are  pre- 
valent and  constipation  and  indigestion 
are  so  common  as  to  constitute  a  major 
problem  as  so  many  of  these  conditions 
seem  to  have  a  direct  connection  with 
appendicitis".  She  also  writes  "the 
student  himself  is  the  only  person  who 
can    make    the    necessary   alterations    in 


his  mode  of  living.  His  education  should 
develop  in  him  a  scientific  attitude  to 
serve  as  a  basis  for  evaluation  of  present 
and  future  situations  involving  the  fun- 
damentals of  living  and  the  selection  of 
expert  medical  service,"  This,  it  would 
seem,  places  a  great  deal  of  responsibility 
upon  the  shoulders  of  the  adolescent, 
a  responsibility  he  cannot  carry  to  a  suc- 
cessful conclusion  without  thorough 
education  in  the  elementary  school  in 
healthful  living,  correction  of  his  defects, 
control  of  communicable  diseases  and 
adequate  immunization  to  be  followed 
in  the  secondary  school  by  intelligent 
guidance. 

School  health  work  in  elementary 
schools  has  gone  through  at  least  three 
stages  since  its  inception.  The  first  phase 
was  inspection  to  disclose  and  prevent 
spread  of  contagious  diseases;  the  second 
emphasized  examination  to  detect  and 
bring  about  correction  of  physical  de- 
fects. Added  to  these  two  is  the  third 
which  is  largely  accomplished  through 
teaching  health  systematically  as  part  of 
the  regular  school  curriculum.  With 
these  changing  concepts,  new  methods 
evolved  until  we  now  have  routines 
which  make  for  efficiency  in  serving 
large  numbers  of  children  scattered  in 
many  elementary  schools.  The  mini- 
mum nursing  program  as  authorized  by 
the  Province  of  Ontario  provides  for 
rapid  classroom  inspections  in  September 
and  January;  classroom  inspections  in 
autumn  and  spring;  vision  tests  yearly; 
preparation  for  the  physician's  examina- 
tion of  children  in  grades  one  and 
seven ;  home  visiting  and  the  recording 
of  these  activities. 

Last  year  in  St.  Catharines  2625 
hours  were  spent  by  the  four  nurses  in 
elementar)'  schools,  plus  other  time  in 
home  visiting  for  service  to  4118.  pupils. 
The  School  Medical  Officer  spent  four 
mornings  weekly  in  the  schools  and  did 


Vol.  38,  No.   11 


COMPARISON     OF     HEALTH      SERVICES       861 


618  examinations  with  parents  present; 
865  with  parents'  consent,  and  676 
special  examinations,  a  total  of  2159. 
Four  hundred  and  five  students  grad- 
uated from  elementary  school;  eighteen 
of  whom  had  uncorrected  defects  other 
than  dental.  If  this  personnel  and  this 
amount  of  time  is  necessary  to  carry  a 
program  in  elementary  schools,  what  can 
we  hof>e  to  provide  in  the  secondary 
school  where  we  are  still  in  the  pioneer 
stage. 

The  results  of  a  recent  study  of 
school  health  services  in  Tennessee  show 
that  it  might  be  profitable  for  us  to  re- 
evaluate much  of  our  program.  Their 
conclusions  suggest  the  unproductivity 
of  the  frequent  medical  examination 
and  other  routine  procedures;  the  rela- 
tively greater  importance  of  service  to 
the  younger  versus  the  older  group;  the 
value  of  a  parent  present  at  the  exami- 
nation and  the  importance  of  applying 
the  resources  of  the  community  where 
they  will  do  the  most  good.  Frequent 
periodic  vision  testing  is  the  only  ex- 
ception made  to  repetition  of  examina- 
tion. 

To  carry  the  three  functions:  com- 
municable disease  control,  direction  and 
correction  of  defects,  health  promotion 
and  education,  we  must  have  a  health- 
ful school  environment.  Inspection  and 
advice  of  health  workers  are  needed  and 
the  three  functions  are  our  responsibilty 
though  the  emphasis  may  vary.  Com- 
municable disease  control  is  a  lesser 
problem  in  the  secondary  than  in  the 
elementary.  The  main  hazards  are  the 
common  cold,  influenza  and  tubercu- 
losis; however,  the  students  can  and  do 
protect  themselves  and  others  more  than 
in  the  lower  grades.  This  is  partly  due 
to  the  fact  that  most  primary  health 
habits  have  become  automatic  and,  if 
our  educational  program  has  been  good, 
he  has  an  awakened  desire  for  physical 
perfection.  The  anger  of  a  high  school 


student  when  he  acquires  german  meas- 
les, which  to  him  is  a  baby's  disease,  is 
quite  illuminating,  so  also  is  the  manner 
in  which  he  is  shunned  by  his  fellows. 
He,  however,  accepts  exclusion  as  a 
matter  of  course  and  quarantine  is  usu- 
ally good. 

Of  the  second  function,  that  of  de- 
tection of  defects  and  the  promotion  of 
health,  the  Tennessee  study  states  that 
"the  parent  is  responsible  for  carrying 
out  recommendations  for  the  young 
child,  but  at  adolescence  or  shortly  after 
the  child  must  begin  to  assume  this  as 
a  personal  responsibility.  For  this  rep- 
son  and  because  of  changes  which 
take  place,  a  second  medical  examina- 
tion should  be  offered  at  which  the  in- 
dividual's history  is  reviewed,  the  pres- 
ent health  status  evaluated  and  recom- 
mendations made  directly  to  the  child 
for  further  improvement  or  protection  of 
his  personal  health.  Such  an  examination 
might  properly  be  made  in  the  early 
years  of  high  school  and  might  be  made 
at  different  ages  for  boys  and  girls". 

In  a  collegiate  of  1200  to  1400  stu- 
dents, there  will  be  from  450  to  500  en- 
tering each  year.  Can  we  give  this  num- 
ber of  students  an  unhurried  thorough 
examination  and  explanation  in  the  time 
the  health  staff  can  give?  A  hurried 
examination  may  be  worse  than  none 
as  it  may  fail  to  detect  illness  or  defect 
and  thus  create  a  false  sense  of  security. 
With  this  in  mind,  should  the  policy  of 
physical  examination  of  secondary  school 
students  be  frankly  stated  as  a  rapid 
search  for  gross  abnormalities  and  an 
exercise  test  of  heart  function  or  shall 
we  attempt  something  more  thorough.'' 

In  spite  of  careful  follow-up,  many 
children  •  enter  our  high  schools  with 
known  uncorrected  defects.  If  the  child 
and  parents  fail  to  recognize  the  need 
for  correction  when  first  notified,  ex- 
perience has  shown  that  in  most  cases, 
they  will  not  do  so  later.  Which  leads 


NOVEMBER,    1942 


862 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


one  to  ask  with  what  type  of  health 
problem  does  the  secondary  school  stu- 
dent feel  he  or  she  needs  help?  What 
are  the  health  hazards  from  which  he 
needs  protection?  What  shall  be  the 
emphasis? 

Undoubtedly,  we  should  stress  the 
third  function  —  that  of  health  educa- 
tion, both  formal  and  informal.  There 
should  be  tests  and  x-ray  for  tubercu- 
losis, instruction  in  knowledge  of  nu- 
trition and  its  practical  application, 
dental  care,  protection  of  eye-sight,  help 
in  correction  of  poor  posture,  some  sex 
education,  determination  of  fitness  for 
competitive  sport,  help  with  budgetting 
of  time  to  prevent  over-fatigue  and  to 
accommodate  to  the  curriculum.  The 
adolescent  frequently  hides  his  worries 
or  broods  over  them,  or  his  overt  beha- 
viour is  difficult  to  control  which  means 
that  we  must  provide  time  and  oppor- 
tunity for  the  student  to  express  himself 
in  one  or  more  conferences  which  he 
feels  are  his  alone.  The  understanding 
craved  in  this  period  is  in  the  emotional 
and  mental  turmoil,  their  wish  to  master 
this  turmoil,  in  their  interest  in  physical 
development,  in  their  interest  in  sex,  in 
their  desire  for  independence,  in  their 
leaning  to  social  activity,  in  their  in- 
terest in  love  and  in  their  reconstruction 
of  religious  beliefs.  To  have  and  give 
this  understanding,  a  worker  must  have 
faith  in  the  adolescent,  not  overlooking 
his  faults,  but  knowing  them,  still  have 
belief  in  him  and  through  goodwill, 
kindness  and  the  desire  to  help,  have 
patience  not  weakness  toward  him.  To 
do  this  we  must  study  youth  through 
literature,  we  mlist  have  had  experiences 
of  our  own,  we  must  have  contact  with 
youth  and  the  will  to  understand.  This 
willingness  to  understand  is  not  the 
function  of  the  health  workers  only, 
but  of  the  whole  school  personnel  which 
brings  us  to  the  second  aspect,  that  is, 
desirable  relationships  with  the  principal 


and  classroom  teacher  and  the  teachers 
of  household  science  and  physical  edu- 
cation. 

A  nurse  assigned  to  school  work  be- 
comes a  member  of  the  school  staff  and 
as  such  is  responsible  to  the  principal  for 
the  conduct  of  the  school  health  service 
in  the  particular  school.  Although  a 
nurse  is  a  member  of  the  school  staff, 
we  must  not  lose  sight  of  the  fact  that 
we  are  members  of  one  profession  in- 
vading or  invited  into  the  province  of 
another  profession.  Miss  Chayer  has 
emphasized  this  point:  "the  school  nurse 
must  be  professionally  prepared  to  relate 
herself  to  the  health  services  .  .  .  there- 
fore, she  must  be  competent  within  her 
own  professional  field  of  public  health 
nursing.  But  more  than  this  is  expected 
of  her;  she  is  carrying  on  her  activities 
within  an  educational  system  with  whose 
philosophy,  aims,  methods  and  adminis- 
tration she  must  be  familiar,  and  to 
which  she  must  relate  all  she  does." 

What  then  is  the  relationship  be- 
tween the  principal,  the  classroom  teach- 
ers and  the  nurse?  Before  making  a 
schedule  of  work  the  nurse  should  sub- 
mit a  tentative  plan.  The  approved  plan 
is  then  announced  to  the  teachers  by 
the  principal  who  may  or  may  not  ask 
the  nurse  to  give  further  details  to  the 
teachers.  The  principal  can  expect  that 
the  program  once  set  up  will  run  on 
schedule;  that  any  extra  activity  such  as 
tests  for  tuberculosis,  will  be  planned 
well  in  advance;  that  periods  of  school 
work  will  be  long  enough  as  to  make 
economical  use  of  time;  that  appoint- 
ments for  pupils  in  the  health  room  will 
take  the  minimum  necessary  time  from 
their  academic  work  and  that  matters 
of  major  importance  will  be  reported  to 
him  promptly.  What  the  nurse  wants 
most  of  all  from  the  principal  is  that  he 
will  recognize  and  promote  desirable 
health     service     and     health     education 


Vol.  38,  No.  11 


COMPARISON     OF     HEALTH     SERVICES 


863 


standards.  Relationships  with  the  class- 
room teachers  will  in  general  follow 
the  attitudes  and  practice  set  by  the  prin- 
cipal. 

Effective  relationships  with  the  hou- 
sehold economics  teachers  is  of  mutual 
benefit.  Children  in  this  department  are 
frequently  from  less  privileged  families. 
Classes  as  a  rule  are  smaller  and  the 
teacher  knows  the  students'  problems. 
She  is  thus  able  to  refer  students  need- 
ing health  service  and  guidance  and 
endorses  recommendations  for  correc- 
tion of  physical  defects,  mental  attitudes, 
and  faulty  nutrition.  The  health  room 
linen  provides  material  for  laundry  les- 
sons. There  is  also  excellent  opportunity 
for  co-operative  teaching,  the  nurse  con- 
tributing to  content,  the  teacher  to 
method. 

Close  relationship  with  the  physical 
education  teachers  is  of  paramount  im- 
portance. They  are  the  only  other  work- 
ers trained  to  detect  deviations  from  the 
normal  and  can  refer  many  boys  and 
girls.  These  teachers  have  more  in- 
formal contacts  with  the  students  and, 
therefore,  the  pupils  are  inclined  to  con- 
fide in  these  instructors,  especially  wor- 
ries  over   hgme   and   school   conditions. 


also  emotional  disturbances  and  social 
activities.  An  unhurried  conference  with 
the  nurse  or  physician  frequently  clears 
up  many  of  these  problems,  or  the  more 
serious  ones  can  be  referred  to  specialists 
in  the  community.  Again  here  is  op- 
portunity for  co-operative  teaching.  The 
physical  education  teachers  teach  the 
formal  classes  on  health  and  they  in- 
struct and  encourage  the  students  in 
recognizing  their  own  health  needs  and 
to  voluntarily  seek  expert  advice.  The 
physician  and  nurse  in  return  supply 
factual  scientific  information  and  source 
materials  as  well  as  giving  health  service. 
If  the  nurse  is  expected  to  teach  home 
nursing  there  should  be  adequate  equip- 
ment. 

The  physician  and  nurse  as  members 
of  the  staff  should  attend  the  teachers' 
meetings,  but  more  important  than  pe- 
riodic conferences  is  continuous  team 
work  and  a  unified  program  for  the 
whole  personnel,  not  many  unrelated  ac- 
tivities. Each  worker  must  appreciate 
the  fundamentals  of  child  guidance  if 
we  are  to  keep  as  our  aim:  "For  every 
child  continuous  and  satisfactory  growth 
in  control  of  conduct  contributory  to 
health". 


Beware  of  Fraudulent  Agents 


A  fraudulent  agent  is  playing  his 
mean  and  miserable  tricks  in  the  Prairie 
Provinces  and  one  of  these  plavsible 
thieves  even  had  the  audacity  to  call  on 
the  registrar  of  the  Saskatoon  Regis- 
tered Nurses  Association.  Fortunately 
she  was  on  the  alert  and  describes  the 
interview  as  follows: 

Recently  a  man  called  at  our  local  registry, 
wanting  a  list  of  our  nurses,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  soliciting  subscriptions  to  The  Cana- 
dian Nurse.  He  said  he  had  undertaken  the 
work  of  obtaining  subscriptions  in  Edmon- 


ton, Alta.  I  told  him  I  could  not  understand 
his  calling  as  we  had  our  own  local  and 
Provincial  representatives  to  the  Journal  and 
asked  him  for  his  name  and  identification, 
which  he  did  not  give  and  immediately  said 
he  had  to  go  out  of  town  for  three  or  four 
days  and  would  call  when  he  returned.  Of 
course  I  did  not  give  him  our  list  of  nurses, 
and  a  week  has  passed  and  we  have  heard 
no  more  from  him. 

Once  more  we  repeat  the  sad  warn- 
ing —  the  Journal  employs  no  agents. 
Anyone  who  claims  to  be  one  is  a  fraud. 


NOVEMBER,    1942 


Educational  Aspects  of  the  Toronto 
Health  Service 


Eileen  Cryderman 


Before  giving  an  interpretation  of 
how  the  Health  Service  aids  the  hospital 
staff  in  the  bringing  of  health  teaching 
into  the  undergraduate  curriculum,  it  is 
perhaps  well  to  explain  that  this  parti- 
cular department  in  the  various  general 
hospitals  in  Toronto  (with  the  exception 
of  the  Toronto  General  Hospital),  to- 
gether represent  one  of  the  nine  units 
of  the  Nursing  Division  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  Public  Health  of  the  city  of 
Toronto.  The  nurses  in  this  unit  serve 
sixteen  hospitals  and  are  placed  accord- 
ing to  the  need  of  the  individual  hospi- 
tal. Here  the  Health  Service  attempts  to 
act  as  a  link  between  hospital  and  home, 
by  interpretation  of  the  patient  to  the 
medical  and  nursing  staff,  and  by  en- 
deavouring to  make  sure  the  patient  not 
only  understands  the  doctor's  orders  but 
can  carry  them  out.  In  acting  as  a  liai- 
son officer  between  patient  and  hospital, 
the  health  service  nurse  works  very  clo- 
sely with  the  public  health  nurse  in  the 
district,  and  through  her  with  the  com- 
munity resources  to  help  meet  her  ob- 
jectives. 

It  is  felt  that  the  teaching  of  health 
in  the  undergraduate  curriculum  is  pri- 
marily the  responsibility  of  the  hospital 
administration.  But,  as  the  Health  Serv- 
ice is  an  integral  part  of  the  hospital,  it 
is  thought  that  until  such  time  as  there 
is  a  public  health  nurse  in  each  hospital, 
responsible  for  that  part  of  the  curri- 
culum, it  should  lead  in  the  general  in- 
terpretation to  the  junior  student  of 
what  the  Health  Service  stands  for,  its 
purposes,  functions  and  how  these  are 
carried  out.  In  this  way,  if  the  student 
is  interested,  she  may  obtain  at  least 
some  conception  of  the  role  of  the  public 


health  nurse  in  the  hospital  and  in  the 
district. 

The  following  is  a  brief  outline  of  what 
is  attempted  for  the  undergraduate 
student:  the  students  all  come  to  the 
Health  Service  at  some  time  during  their 
junior  year  and,  at  stated  intervals,  a 
centralized  illustrated  lecture  is  given  to 
a  group  from  all  the  hospitals  participat- 
ing in  this  plan.  Slides  are  shown  depict- 
ing the  work  of  the  public  health  nurse 
in  the  field  and  how  her  work  is  related 
to  the  Health  Service  worker  and  so  to 
the  hospital.  The  individual  hospital  is 
responsible  for  the  giving  out  of  mime- 
ographed copies  of  a  resume  of  this  lec- 
ture. Each  student  is  assigned  for  one 
week  of  Health  Service  experience,  three 
and  one-half  days  of  which  is  spent  un- 
der supervision,  and  the  remainder  of 
the  week  in  the  out-patient  department 
or  ward  as  arranged  by  the  superinten- 
dent, the  student  being  subject  to  call 
should  an  interesting  expecience  arise  in 
the  Health  Service.  One  of  the  primary 
objects  during  this  week  is  to  enable  the 
student  to  gain  some  understanding  of 
the  conditions  under  which  the  patient 
lives;  some  of  the  problems  of  com- 
munity living  which  may  affect  the  pa- 
tient's recovery;  what  opportunities  the 
patient  may  or  may  not  have  for  car- 
rying out  the  doctor's  orders;  and  com- 
munity resources  for  helping  meet  these 
needs.  The  student  observes  the  admis- 
sion of  patients  in  the  out-patient  de- 
partment and  follows  a  suitable  patient 
through  the  clinic,  staying  with  her  the 
entire  time  she  has  to  wait,  endeavouring 
to  learn  unsolicited  facts  about  her  rea- 
sons for  being  at  the  hospital  and  about 
her  work  and  family.  The  student  may 


864 


Vol.   38.  No.  11 


ASPECTS     OF    TORONTO    HEALTH    SERVICE  865 


stay  with  her  until  she  is  in  bed  thus  act- 
ing as  a  hostess  to  the  new  patient  en- 
tering hospital.  This  helps  the  student, 
who  after  all  is  very  junior,  to  use  her 
own  initiative  and  to  have  a  better  un- 
derstanding of  the  problems  of  the  pa- 
tient. 

The  student  also  observes  a  little  of 
the  general  clinic  routine  but  is  there 
primarily  for  the  observance  of  the 
Health  Service  work  in  selected  clinics 
such  as  the  chest,  diabetic,  obstetrical, 
venereal  disease  and,  in  the  Hospital  for 
Sick  Children,  the  heart  and  orthopedic 
chnics.  Here  she  is  able  to  link  up  what 
she  has  been  told  is  the  purpose  of  the 
service.  For  example,  in  the  pre-natal 
clinic  she  sees  the  worker  interviewing 
Mrs.  Brown,  after  she  has  seen  the  doc- 
tor. This  is  Mrs.  Brown's  first  baby  ajid 
the  first  time  she  has  ever  been  at  a  hos- 
pital clinic.  Naturally  she  has  been  under 
quite  a  strain,  and  comes  out  not  too 
sure  what  the  doctor  really  has  told  her. 
The  student  is  able  to  observe  the  nurse 
going  over  Mrs.  Brown's  chart,  inter- 
preting the  doctor's  orders,  taking  up 
any  problems  the  patient  may  present 
herself,  and  giving  the  amount  of  teach- 
ing that  is  advisable  during  a  first  inter- 
view. She  learns  that  Mrs.  Brown  is  told 
that  the  public  health  nurse  in  her  dis- 
trict will  be  coming  to  see  her  at  home, 
and  how  she  may  contact  her,  if  she 
wishes  to  see  her  in  the  meanwhile.  The 
student  later  sees  the  report  the  Health 
Service  nurse  writes  for  the  public  health 
nurse  in  the  district.  Or,  as  another 
example,  Mrs.  Jones  has  been  referred 
from  the  medical  to  the  chest  clinic;  the 
doctor  finds  she  has  a  moderately  ad- 
vanced active  pulmonary  tuberculosis, 
and  1-ells  her  she  must  have  the  care  that 
only  a  sanatorium  can  give  her.  The 
doctor  in  a  busy  clinic  has  very  little 
time  to  g'.ve  Mrs.  Jones  other  than  that 
required  for  the  instructions  he  wishes 
her   "-o   follow.   The   student   sees   Mrs. 


Jones  being  sent  to  the  Health  Service 
nurse  to  make  sure  these  orders  are  un- 
derstood and  can  be  followed.  She  ob- 
serves that  Mrs.  Jones  is  very  disturbed 
— if  she  goes  to  a  sanatorium  who  will 
care  for  her  family?  The  student  realizes 
that  the  worries  uppermost  in  the  pa- 
tient's mind  are  her  children  and  her 
dread  of  going  to  a  sanatorium.  She  ob- 
serves the  nurse  dealing  with  the  points 
of  primary  importance.  Here,  too,  she 
hearr,  the  patient  being  told  that  thenurse 
in  her  district  will  be  in  to  see  her  soon, 
and  is  later  told  how  the  public  health 
nurse  in  the  district  carries  on  with  the 
teaching,  the  prepara'-ion  for  entering 
sanatorium  and  the  instructions  regard- 
ing the  examination  of  contacts.  Besides 
observing  the  Health  Service  nurse  in  the 
clinics  the  student  accompanies  her  to 
the  ward  to  listen  in  on  a  conference 
with  the  head  nurse,  and  an  interview 
with  a  patient. 

This  experience  is  a  joint  responsibil- 
i'^y  in  that  two  days  of  each  week  are 
spent  in  some  other  department  of  the 
hospital  and,  at  that  time,  the  student 
does  not  come  under  Health  Service 
supervision  but  that  of  the  head  nurse 
or  supervisor.  The  importance  of  the 
teaching  staff  participating  in  and  know- 
ing the  significance  of  the  work  and 
what  the  department  is  trying  to  do  for 
the  student  cannot  be  stressed  too  much. 
The  Health  Service  nurse  does  realize 
that  part  of  her  responsibility  lies  in  the 
interpretation  to  the  staff,  so  that  the 
head  nurse  may  aid  the  student  in  the 
correlation  of  this  experience  with  her 
bedside  work.  It  is  necessary  to  reiterate 
the  dependence  of  the  Health  Service 
nurse  on  the  sup>ervisor,  the  head  nurse 
and  the  student  for  learning  the  patient's 
problem  before  aid  can  be  given  in  solv- 
ing it.  The  student  has  a  very  vital  part 
to  play  in  this.  Can  she  not  be  taught  the 
importance  of  her  bedside  conversation 
with   the   patient,   for  it  is  undoubtedly 


NOVEMBER,    1942 


866 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


her  own  nurse,  the  one  who  is  bathing 
her  and  looking  after  her  immediate 
needs,  that  the  patient  will  confide  in? 
At  this  time  the  student  may  also  share 
in  the  teaching  of  health  both  from  the 
curative  and  preventive  angle. 

The  Health  Service  has  no  direct  res- 
ponsibihty  for  the  program  of  the  inter- 
mediate and  senior  nurse  but  the  School 
of  Nursing  carries  out  a  plan  with  the 
aid  of  the  hospital,  the  Health  Depart- 
ment and  the  bedside-nursing  organiza- 
tions. A  month's  experience  is  available 
during  which  one  day  a  week  is  given 
to  lectures,  reading,  and  essay  work; 
two  days  are  spent  with  a  field  super- 
visor; and  the  remainder  of  the  week 
on  duty  in  the  hospital.  The  superinten- 
dent is  responsible  for  seeing  that  these 
days  in  the  hospital  afford  an  opportunity 
for  the  correlation  of  health  teaching 
with  bedside  work.  The  Health  Service 
can  only  act  in  an  advisory  capacity  but 
students  are  encouraged  to  come  at  any 


time,  and  although  this  is  being  done  to 
some  extent  it  is  felt  that  many  could 
come  more  frequently.  Some  phase  of 
public  health  work  comes  into  many  of 
their  conferences  and  demonstrations, 
and  the  Health  Service  worker  could 
sometimes  be  of  help  in  interpretation. 
The  head  nurse  is  encouraged  to  allow 
the  student  to  come  at  times,  with  a  pa- 
tient's problem  she  has  herself  discov- 
ered. 

In  short,  the  objective  of  the  Health 
Service  in  participating  in  the  undergrad- 
uate curriculum  may  be  summed  up  in 
a  quotation  from  an  article  written  by 
Miss  Katherine  Tucker:  "To  have  stu- 
dents see  patients,  first  as  people  and 
second  as  patients,  so  that  this  picture 
can  never  be  disentangled  because  it  has 
penetrated  into  the  student's  feelings  and 
she  learns  that,  for  these  human  beings 
in  the  hospital,  health,  to  be  an  activat- 
ing force,  must  be  translated  into  their 
own  terms,  their  needs,  interests,  un- 
derstanding, desires  and  capacities." 


A  Recent  Appointment 


Helen  E.  Penhale 


Miss  Helen  Eileen  Penhale  has  recently 
been  appointed  to  the  teaching  faculty  of 
the  Division  of  Study  for  Graduate  Nurses 
at  the  University  of  Western  Ontario.  She 
is  a  graduate  of  the  School  of  Nursing  of 
the  Mount  Sinai  Hospital,  New  York,  where 
she  was  medical  supervisor  for  three  years. 
After  a  year  of  private  duty,  she  became 
instructor  at  the  University  of  Michigan 
Hospital,  and  subsequently  joined  the  chem- 
istry department  at  Columbia  University. 
She  was  in  charge  of  staff  education  and 
ward  instruction  at  the  Massachusetts  Gen- 
eral Hospital  for  one  year,  and  then  be- 
came nursing  education  instructor  at  Boston 
University.  Miss  Penhale  has  taken  a  post- 
graduate course  in  psychiatry  at  the  Bloom- 
ingdale  Hospital,  New  York,  and  holds  the 
degrees  of  Bachelor  of  Science  (Nursing) 
and  Master  of  Arts. 


Vol.   38,  No.   11 


HOSPITALS   &    SCHOOLS    of  NURSING 


Contributed   by  the   Hospital   and   School  of  Nursing   Section   of  the   C.   N.   A. 

The  Integration  of  Health  and  Community 
•  Aspects  in  the  Basic  Course 


Margaret  Street  ami  Irene  Harvey 


The  maintenajice  and  promotion  of 
health  forms  an  integral  part  of  the 
nursing  function,  going  hand-in-hand 
with  the  prevention  and  cure  of  disease. 
The  concept  of  health,  in  its  most  far- 
reaching  personal  and  social  implications, 
rightly  constitutes  the  very  life-blood  of 
the  curriculum,  running  through  and 
vitalizing  every  learning  process  whether 
in  classroom,  laboratory,  at  the  patient's 
bedside,  in  the  clinic,  or  in  home  or 
community.  Miss  Katherine  Tucker  has 
given  vivid  expression  to  health  aims 
which  should  activate  the  nursing  curri- 
culum, in  these  words:  "We  are  con- 
cerned with  how  to  incorporaf^e  the 
health  approach  into  every  part  of  the 
Curriculum  of  Schools  of  Nursing,  not 
as  a  separate  nursing  function,  but  so 
that  all  nursing  knowledge  and  skill 
will  lead  to  the  restoration,  preservation, 
and  attainment  of  health."  The  objec- 
tives, then,  are  clearly  defined  and  it 
remains  for  schools  of  nursing  to  see 
that  they  are  realized.  In  order  that  they 
may  be,  certain  conditions  must  be  ful- 
filled. All  members  of  the  staff  of  the 
school  must  share  whole-heartedly  in 
the  common  purpose:  to  be  health- 
minded  and  desirous  of  imparting  the 
same  philosophy  to  their  students;  to  be 
well  informed  upon  matters  pertaining 


to  public  health  movements;  and  to  be 
acquainted  with  community  health  faci- 
lities and  organizations.  In  this  connec- 
tion it  has  been  suggested  that  sending 
students  out  into  the  community  while 
head  nurses  and  supervisors  are  entirely 
lacking  in  such  contacts,  is  equivalent  to 
putting  the  cart  before  the  horse. 

Another  prerequisite  to  a  realization 
of  our  health  objectives  is  a  healthy  per- 
sonnel in  the  hospital  itself.  This  necessi- 
tates favorable  environmental  conditions, 
physical  and  social,  in  the  nurses'  resi- 
dence and  in  the  hospital;  hygienic 
working  conditions,  including  adequate 
provision  for  recreation  and  rest;  and 
the  maintenance  of  an  active  health  ser- 
vice for  students  and  staff.  The  school 
of  nursing  must  also  possess  the  neces- 
sary facilities  for  the  teaching  of  health 
such  as  well-equipped  classrooms,  labo- 
ratories and  wards;  active  and  varied 
clinical  services,  including  out-patient 
and  social  service  departments.  If  pos- 
sible affiliations  should  be  arranged  with 
public  health  nursing  agencies  and  other 
community  organizations. 

In  general,  the  integration  of  health 
in  the  nursing  curriculum,  is  accom- 
plished in  four  ways:  through  mainte- 
nance of  the  student's  own  health; 
through  classroom  instruction;   through 


NOVEMBER,   1942 


867 


THE     CANADIAN    NURSE 


clfnical  experience ;  and  by  means  of  the 
out-patient  and  social  service  depart- 
ments and  community  affiliations.  One 
hesitates  to  draw  an  arbitrary  line  be- 
tween any  of  these  vital  aspects  of  the 
nurse's  education.  They  are  so  closely 
interrelated  and  mut^ually  dependent 
that  they  are  really  one,  just  as  body, 
mind,  and  emotions  make  up  the  whole 
person.  It  is  particularly  difficult  to  dis- 
cuss separately  classroom  and  clinical 
teaching;  one  shades  off  into  the  other 
and  they  should  blend  harmoniously 
in'^o  a  strengthened  whole.  However, 
for  purposes  of  analysis,  we  shall  attempt 
to  trace  the  development  of  the  health 
concept  in  the  Curriculum  under  the 
four  headings  to  which  reference  has 
been  made. 

Health  Service:  Until  recently  the 
health  program  for  s^'udents,  which  was 
excellent  in  many  hospitals,  was  designed 
to  keep  the  staff  at  maximum  efficiency. 
Now,  in  addition,  its  use  in  offering  op>- 
portunities  for  integrating  health  into  the 
curriculum  is  realized.  Personal  charts 
are  used  to  demonstrate  the  possibilities 
of  health  examinations  and  the  student's 
interest  in  her  own  health  will  lead  to 
the  development's  of  habits,  attitudes,  and 
knowledge  regarding  health  promotion 
and  i"he  prevention  of  disease,  first  for 
herself  and,  by  larger  application,  for 
those  who  come  under  her  care,  and 
finally  for  the  community  as  a  whole. 
In  addition,  the  nurse  must  be  able  to 
demonstrate  in  appearance  and  in  prac- 
tice that  which  she  is  attempting  to 
teach. 

The  use  of  ins'^ructors  who  are  ex- 
perienced in  public  health  nursing,  is 
invaluable  and  is  recognized  as  a  wise 
procedure  in  associating  curative  and 
preventive  aspects  and  in  linking  up 
inside  and  outside  services.  These  in- 
structors also  assist  materially  in  guid- 
ing the  application  of  mental  hygiene 
thus  helping  students  to  adjust  to  new 


situations   and    to   understand    the    reac- 
tions of  others. 

The  health  service  should  include  pre- 
entrance  and  entrance  examinations  ex- 
cluding those  who  are  physically  or  emo- 
tionally unfi*-.  The  entrance  examination 
should  be  thorough  and  should  include 
chest  x-rays,  physical  examination  and 
laboratory  tests.  Personality  tests  are  be- 
ing used  more  and  more  to  determine 
the  student's  emotional  fitness  for  nurs- 
ing. Periodic  examinations  should  be 
made  and  weight  scores  kept  throughout 
the  course.  Health  supervision  should 
encourage  the  early  reporting  of  illness 
and  emphasize  the  importance  of  rec- 
ognizing minor  complaints  as  forerun- 
ners of  potential  illness.  A  friendly  at- 
mosphere is  essential  to  overcome  the 
reluctance  of  nurses  to  pay  attention 
'"o  minor  conditions.  Some  hospitals  have 
found  it  desirable  to  allow  the  students 
two  weeks  sick-leave  without  adding  to 
her  time  so  as  to  encourage  reporting  of 
illness  early.  Correction  of  defects  by 
means  of  foot  clinics,  etc.  should  be 
undertaken.  Mantoux  t^ests  should  be 
made  before  and  after  assignment  to 
duty  in  the  tuberculos's  service.  Immuni- 
zation is  necessary  against  typhoid,  diph- 
theria and  small  pox.  A  study  should  be 
made  of  the  causes  of  illness  among  stu- 
dents, seasonal  variations,  incidence,  etc., 
by  1-he  students  themselves.  Nourishment 
between  meals  and  cod  liver  oil  may  be 
found  necessary.  Hospitals  which  sup- 
plement the  diet  during  the  winter 
months  by  giving  cod  liver  oil  capsules 
to  their  staff  are  able  materially  to  re- 
duce the  number  of  days  of  sickness  due 
to  upper  respiratory  infections.  The  Cur- 
riculum of  the  Na^'ional  League  of 
Nursing  Education  states  that  "health 
conservation  and  the  prevention  of  di- 
sease is  inherent  in  the  whole  concept  of 
nursing  and  should  be  a  part  of  the  stu- 
dent's preparation  from  the  beginning." 
How    can    this    be    accomplished    better 

Vol.   38,  No.   11 


HEALTH    AND    COMMUNITY'     ASPECTS 


869 


than  through  her  personal  health  pro- 
gram as  maintained  bv  the  hospital 
health  service? 

Residence  life  and  recreation:  Resi- 
dence life  should  afford  the  student  the 
opportunity  to  see  and  experience  the 
pract'cal  application  of  hygienic  livina:. 
Students  learn  about  hea,lth  through 
favorable  living  and  working  condi- 
tions, and  this  means  the  adjustment  of 
the  educational  plan  in  its  relation  to 
hospital  and  residence  conditions.  The 
routine  of  student  life  should  be  so 
ordered  as  to  ensure  a  complete  health 
program,  including  rest,  diet,  recreation, 
time  for  study.  Facilities  for  privacy  ajid 
comfort  should  be  provided;  the  students 
should  have  single  rooms,  sufficient 
bathroom  facilities  (minimum  of  one 
bathroom  to  six  students)  and  laundry 
facilities.  Provision  should  be  made  for 
outdoor  and  indoor  sports.  Time  and 
opportunity  should  be  afforded  for  read- 
ing and  music  ("mental  hygiene  in  prac- 
tice), and  sufficient  off-duty  activity  to 
discourage  "pos^-mortems"  of  ward  ex- 
perience. The  health  office  in  the  nur- 
ses' residence,  with  a  competent  and 
experienced  graduate  nurse  as  director, 
is  of  great  value  and  should  afford  gui- 
dance in  making  physical  and  mental  ad- 
justments, both  by  formal  and  informal 
private  discussion. 

Claaroorn  and  climcal  exferience: 
Health  cannot  be  taught  effectively  in 
a  formal  course  of  study;  it-  enters  into 
every  subject  in  the  Curriculum.  Yet  for 
the  guidance  of  the  young  student,  in- 
struction is  given  in  the  principles  of  per- 
sonal hygiene.  In  the  words  of  the  Pro- 
posed Curriculum,  this  instruction  should 
be  "less  factual  and  more  functional", 
and  have  as  its  aims  the  improvement 
of  health  attitudes  and  pracn'ce  of  the 
students  themselves,  and  the  provision 
of  instructional  material  to  equip  them 
for  health  teaching. 

Instruction  in  principles  and  methods 

NOVEMBER,    1942 


of  teaching  health  is  usually  given  in  the 
second  year  of  training.  The  student 
learns,  under  supervision,  when  to 
teach,  how  much  to  teach,  and  the  best 
time  to  teach  health.  Instruction  given 
to  the  patient  by  the  nurse  is  in  direct 
relation  to  his  needs  and  wants;  this 
necessitates  an  understanding  of  the  pa- 
tient as  an  individual,  the  disorder  from 
which  he  is  suffering,  and  something  of 
his  home  and  community  background. 
Specifically,  the  nurse  may  teach  bodily 
cleanliness,  care  of  the  teeth,  of  the 
hair,  the  value  of  a  well-balanced  diet, 
of  fresh  air  and  sunshine,  or  she  may  be 
required  to  demonstrate  al  procedure 
which  the  patient  will  carry  out  at  home. 
The  nurse  herself  must  exemplify  in 
her  own  person  the  principles  of  good 
hygiene. 

Basic  sciences:  The  basic  sciences, 
including  chemistry,  anatomy  and  phy- 
siology, and  bacteriology,  are  included 
in  the  Curriculum  to  provide  a  body  of 
scientific  knowledge  from  which  nurs- 
ing principles  are  derived.  They  enrich 
and  strengthen  the  student's  concept  of 
health  in  its  personal  and  community 
aspects.  For  example,  in  teaching  chem- 
istry special  emphasis  may  be  placed  up- 
on the  physiological  values  of  water  and 
upon  methods  of  purification.  An  ex- 
cursion to  the  municipal  waterworks 
would  be  valuable  at  this  time.  So,  too, 
in  the  study  of  oxygen,  stress  will  be  laid 
upon  its  function  in  supporting  life  and 
supplying  energy,  as  well  as  upon  its 
therapeutic  uses. 

The  study  of  anatomy  and  physiol- 
ogy seeks  to  give  the  student  an  under- 
standing: of  the  structure  and  function 
of  the  normal  healthy  human  body.  This 
knowledge  serves  as  a  guide  to  the  rec- 
ognition of  deviations  from  the  normal 
and  as  a  scientific  source  from  which 
nursing  principles  may  be  derived.  Ev- 
ery lesson  could  well  end  on  a  health 
note.  For  example,  a  discussion  of  bone 


870 


THE     CANADIAN    NURSE 


tissue  affords  an  opportunity  to  correlate 
anatomy  with  nutrition,  personal  hygie- 
ne, obstetrics  and  paediatrics. 

Bacteriology  is  correlated  with  the 
other  basic  sciences  and  with  the  nursing 
arts,  as  also  with  community  nursing 
problems.  Excursions  to  the  city  bac- 
teriological laboratory  will  help  the  stu- 
dent to  appreciate  the  value  of  bacter- 
iological principles  and  practice  in  the 
protection  of  the  community.  The  stu- 
dent- should  gain  some  understanding 
of  the  growth  and  significance  of  the 
public  health  movement  through  a  study 
of  the  histor}'  of  bacteriology,  and  espe- 
cially of  the  work  of  such  men  as  Lister, 
Koch,  and  Pasteur.  The  safeguarding 
of  society  by  immunization  programs 
and  the  responsibility  of  the  nurse  in 
teaching  the  value  of  immunization 
would  be  emphasized.  The  student  will 
thus  be  equipped  to  give  more  intelli- 
gent nursing  care  to  patients  suffering 
from  communicable  disease,  and  to  pre- 
vent the  spread  of  infection  to  others. 

Nursing  arts:  Orientation  of  the 
yoimg  student  to  the  hospital  and  school 
of  nursing  is  so  planned  as  to  give  her 
an  appreciation  of  the  place  and  function 
of  the  hospital  in  the  community  and 
of  the  importance  of  environmental 
control  in  rela'"ion  to  the  health  and 
safety  of  the  patient.  Tours  of  hospital 
departments  and  of  community  health 
agencies  help  the  student  to  obtain  a 
bird's-eye-view  of  the  whole  plan  and 
opportunities  for  integration  of  health 
factors  are  legion.  For  example,  the 
social  significance  of  heart  conditions, 
the  anemias,  carcinoma,  tuberculosis, 
and  venereal  diseases  must  receive  par- 
ticular emphasis,  as  must  their  bearing 
on  mental  health.  Obstetrics  is  a  field 
in  which  almost  unlimited  opportunity  is 
given  for  observing  the  normal  and 
which  can  be  used  to  great  advantage 
to  demonstrate  the  nurse's  role  in  pub- 
lic health. 


Out.-1>nti-ent  department  and  social 
service:  The  aims  of  this  specific  exper- 
ience are  to  view  the  work  of  the  hospi- 
tal from  without;  to  supplement  clinical 
experience  on  the  wards;  to  enlarge  the 
student's  knowledge  of  social  and  com- 
mun'ty  problems;  to  afford  contacts 
with  ou'"side  social  and  health  agencies. 
The  student  will  learn  to  interpret  social 
factors  in  health  and  sickness  situations 
in  her  own  work  and  to  help  patients  in 
their  social  adjustments.  Conferences 
should  include  the  discussion  by  physi- 
cian, nurse,  medical-social  worker,  psy- 
chiatrist', and  dietitian  of  some  individual 
patient  presenting  problems  in  all  these 
fields.  A  family  report,  by  five  or  six 
students  working  together,  illustrating 
the  consideration  required  to  meet  the 
associated  problems  of  a  family  unit, 
would  afford  opportunity  for  observing 
results  of  teaching  and  the  health  prac- 
tices of  patients,  as  well  as  evaluation  of 
standards  of  living.  This  study  should 
be  presented  orally  and  an  opportunity 
for  discussion  afforded. 

Conumuniiy  experience:  This  exper- 
ience is  included  in  the  Curriculum  to 
serve  not  as  an  introduction  to  social 
and  preventive  as{>ects  of  nursing,  but 
as  a  supplementary  nursing  experience 
in  which  the  student  will  meet  some  of 
the  more  common  situations  found  in 
family  health  work,  and  will  obtain 
pracMce  in  dealing  with  them.  Such  affi- 
liation necessitates  competent  education- 
al direction  and  supervision  in  the  de- 
partment or  organization  concerned. 
The  factors  of  supervision,  time  and  ex- 
perience must  be  considered  and  the 
educational  preparation  and  experience 
of  the  s'-udent  must  be  such  as  to  make 
such  opportunities  valuable.  In  a  word, 
the  whole  affiliation  must  be  planned 
and  carried  out  as  an  educational  proce- 
dure. The  employment  by  the  hospital 
of  educational  directors  and  department 
heads   with   community   experience   will 

Vol.   38.  No.   11 


WE     GO     ON     THE     W^  A  R  D  S 


871 


materially  aid  this  plan.  The  public 
health  point  of  view  may  be  furthered 
by  inter-representation  on  boards  and 
faculties  of  educators  and  hospital  mem- 
bers, thus  giving  the  personnel  of  the 
hospital  a  broader  conception  of  the 
place  of  public  health  in  community  wel- 
fare. 

Conclusion:  As  Mary  S.  Mathewson 
has  said:  "the  health  aspects  of  the  un- 


dergraduate nursing  course  may  be  said 
to  include  knowledge  of  normal,  heal- 
thy individuals;  measures  for  keeping 
them  in  health ;  measures  for  the  pre- 
ven<"ion  of  preventable  diseases,  and  for 
the  protection  of  the  community  from 
infected  individuals.  The  integration 
of  the  health  and  community  aspects 
throughout  the  basic  course  is  a  funda- 
mental issue." 


We  Co  on  the  Wards! 


Last  autumn  it  became  apparent  that  a 
severe  shortage  of  civilian  nurses  would 
come  about  as  the  result  of  the  large  enrol- 
ment for  overseas  service.  I  have  been  mar- 
ried for  seventeen  years  and  therefore  felt 
the  need  for  brushing  up.  So,  with  four  other 
members  of  our  Alumnae  Association,  I  ap- 
proached Sister  Mansfield,  and  the  Superior 
of  Holy  Cross  Hospital  in  Calgary,  and 
asked  permission  to  go  "on  the  wards". 

We  all  started  at  8  a.  m.  and  stayed  till 
5  p.  m.  and  were  on  duty  for  a  month.  My 
own  month  started  with  a  week  on  a  ward 
which  comprised  female  medical  and  sur- 
gical patients.  I  assisted  one  of  the  third- 
year  students  with  her  patients  and  saw  all 
the  treatments  given — such  as  catheterization, 
douches,  intravenous,  transfusion,  Wangen- 
steen.  steam  kettle  and  tent,  radiant  heat, 
lumbar  puncture  and  many  more.  The  next 
week  I  spent  in  the  central  dressing  room 
and  from  there  I  went  to  the  obstetrical 
ward  for  a  week.  I  helped  with  the  care  of 
the  patients  and  was  much  interested  in  the 
labour  and  case  room  service,  especially  the 
new  sedation.  The  fourth  week  I  spent  most 
of  my  time  between  cases  with  the  internes 
watching  them  do  treatments  which  are  out 
of  the  nurse's  jurisdiction.  The  other  four 
nurses  in  our  group  divided  their  time  a 
little  differently  and  were  on  duty  in  the 
surgery  and  on  the  children's  ward. 

After  this  was  all  over  we  decided  we 
needed  some  lectures  by  doctors  so  we  or- 
ganized an  extensive  two-dav  series   for  all 


the  graduate  nurses  in  the  city.  Once  again, 
with  Sister  Superior's  kind  permission,  we 
had  the  use  of  the  lecture  hall  and  all  the 
necessary  equipment.  These  lectures  were 
attended  by  nurses  from  nearly  every  well 
known  training  school  in  Canada,  and  some 
from  the  United  States.  We  even  had  one 
who  graduated  in  Switzerland.  Our  first 
lecture  was  given,  by  Dr.  Clara  Christie, 
on  obstetrics  and  measures  that  could  be 
used  in  case  of  an  emergency.  Miss  Geral- 
dine  Norman,  dietitian  at  Holy  Cross  Hos- 
pital, spoke  on  special  diets,  and  the  rest  of 
the  afternoon  was  taken  up  with  demons- 
trations and  classes.  In  the  evening,  Dr. 
Scarlett  lectured  on  materia  medica  and  the 
drugs  necessary  in  emergency  work.  Dr. 
Johns  also  spoke  on  anaesthesia.  On  the  fol- 
lowing day.  Dr.  Jennings  lectured  on  dia- 
betes and  the  use  and  administration  of  in- 
sulin. The  afternoon  was  taken  up  with  more 
demonstrations  and  a  tour  of  the  Hospital 
when  new  equipment  and  its  use  was  ex- 
plained. In  the  evening  Dr.  Melling  gave  us 
a  very  interesting  talk  on  mental  cases,  and 
Dr.  Cody  told  us  about  recent  advances  in 
pediatrics.  Since  our  little  adventure  other 
nurses  have  gone  in  and  spent  a  month  and 
we  really  feel  that  we  are  ready  for  any- 
thing that  comes  our  way. 

(Mrs.)  a.  T.  Kloepfer 

Secretary,  Holy  Cross  Alumnae 

Association 

Calgary 


NOVEMBER,    1942 


GENERAL   NURSING 


Contributed  by  the  General  Nursing  Section  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association 

A  Blood  Donor  Service  in  Halifax 

Frances  Brown,  B.  A. 


There  is  always  the  need  of  blood  for 
transfusion  purposes,  especially  so  in  time 
of  war  for  civilians  as  well  as  for  the 
armed  forces.  During  the  first  great 
war  mobile  blood  banks  were  established, 
but  these  were  found  unsatisfactory  be- 
cause whole  blood  cannot  be  kept  more 
than  a  few  weeks.  In  September,  1935*, 
work  was  begun  on  the  extraction  of 
serum  from  blood  and  its  preparation  in 
dried  form  under  the  direction  of  Dr. 
C.  H.  Best  at  the  University  of  Toron- 
to. This  research  led  to  a  process  by 
which  the  serum  could  be  completely 
dried.  The  final  product  is  easily  trans- 
ported and  can  be  kept  for  a  long  time 
and,  after  the  additiou  of  sterile  distilled 
water,  is  convenient  to  use.  The  indica- 
tions for  its  use  are  those  which  normally 
call  for  a  whole  blood  transfusion.  J^n 
cases  of  shock  from  burns,  where  the 
condition  is  due  to  the  loss  of  serum, 
the  reconstituted  dried  serum  is  ideal 
and  should  be  used  in  a  twice-normal 
concentration  obtained  by  adding  only 
half  the  normal  amount  of  distilled  wa- 
ter. In  cases  of  extensive  hemorrhage, 
with  or  without  severe  shock,  the  dried 
serum  is  the  best  emergency  blood  sub- 
stitute, bvit  should  be  followed,  if  ne- 
cessary, by  a  whole  blood  transfusion  as 
soon  as  possible.  In  shock  without  hem- 
orrhage,  there  is  loss  of  blood   volume 


due  to  the  loss  of  plasma,  which  escapes 
through  the  capillaries,  thus  increasing 
viscosity.  This  condition  calls  for  serum 
more  than  for  whole  blood. 

When  the  worth  of  this  dried  ser- 
um as  an  agent  for  the  treatment  of 
war  casualties  was  proved,  the  Federal 
Government  through  the  Department 
of  Pensions  and  National  Health  re- 
quested that  the  work  be  extended.  The 
Canadian  Red  Cross  Society  agreed  to 
establish  clinics  across  Canada,  accom- 
modating three  thousand  donors  a  week, 
to  obtain  these  donors,  and  to  transport 
the  blood  or  serum  to  the  Connaught 
Laboratories  in  Toronto.  The  Govern- 
ment also  agreed  to  provide  funds  to 
finance  the  processing  of  the  blood  by 
the  Connaught  Laboratories.  Clinics 
have  been  established  in  most  of  the 
larger  cities  in  the  Dominion,  and  are 
shipping  a  constant  supply  of  blood  or 
serum  to  Toronto. 

In  Nova  Scotia,  the  central  clinic  is 
in  Halifax,  where  we  handle  an  aver- 
age of  one  hundred  donors  a  week.  To 
become  a  donor,  one  must  be  a  healthy 
individual  between  the  ages  of  21  and 
60,  and  for  women  the  hemoglobin 
must  be  normal.  Some  people  think  that 
women  are  not  suitable  donors  but  our 
experience  in  Halifax,  where  women 
make  up  over  half  our  lists  of  donors,  is 


872 


BLOOD     DONOR     SERVICE     IN     HALIFAX     873 


that  we  have  more  reaction  among  men, 
than  among  women.  The  donors  make 
appointments  through  our  office  to  come 
either  on  Monday  between  9.30  a.m. 
and  12.30  p.m.  or  on  Wednesday  be- 
tween 5.30  p.m.  and  8.30  p.m.  They 
are  asked  to  refrain  from  eating  fried 
foods  or  foods  containing  fat,  and  to 
drink  plenty  of  fluids  on  the  day  of 
donation.  This  is  because  the  eating  of 
fats  makes  the  serum  fatty,  which  means 
that  the  resulting  dried  nroduct  is  oily 
and  not  satisfac«"ory  to  use.  Therefore 
we  must  discard  all  fatty  serum  and 
no  one  who  has  given  his  blood  likes  to 
think  that  it  was  useless.  The  extra 
fluid  is  to  help  the  donor  make  up  for 
what  he  loses  and  also  may  give  us  a 
larger  yield  of  serum. 

At  the  clinic,  the  donor  is  greeted  by 
a  member  of  the  nursing  section  of  the 
Women's  Volunteer  Corps  of  the  Red 
Cross.  His  name  is  taken  and  he  is 
given  a  slip  of  paper  with  his  name  and 
a  number  on  it  as  well  as  a  donor  book 
and  a  record  slip  for  our  files.  The  slip 
of  papver  with  his  name  will  be  put  on 
the  bottle  into  which  his  blood  is  taken. 
If  he  is  a  new  donor  he  is  sent  to  the 
technician,  who  types  his  blood  and,  in 
the  case  of  a  woman,  takes  blood  for  a 
hemoglobin  test.  Following  this  he  goes 
back  to  the  reception  nurse  who  takes 
his  temperature.  He  removes  his  coat 
and  rolls  up  his  sleeve  and,  as  soon  as  a 
room  is  ready,  goes  in.  There  he  is  met 
by  a  graduate  nurse  who  takes  his  slips 
and  donor  book  and  makes  him  as  com- 
fortable as  possible  on  the  donor  table. 
His  arm  is  washed  with  green  soap  and 
water  and  then  with  iodine  and  alcohol 
the  i^ourniquet  is  tightened  and  the 
doctor  injects  a  small  amount  of  local 
anaesthetic,  in  this  case  Stocaine,  one-half 
of  one  per  cent,  into  the  skin  over  the 
vein.  The  donor  needle  is  inserted 
with  very  slight  discomfort  to  the  donor. 
The   needle   is   large,   a   no.    16    gauge. 


and  the  blood  generally  flows  freely. 
The  donor  is  given  a  small  rubber  ball 
to  squeeze  and  if  the  blood  still  does 
not  run  well  a  little  suction  is  applied 
by  means  of  the  nurse  sucking  the 
mouthpiece.  When  400  c.  c.  have  been 
drawn  off,  the  doctor  takes  out  the 
needle  and  a  small  sterile  dressing  is  ap- 
plied to  the  arm.  The  donor  lies  quiet- 
ly for  a  few  minutes  and  then  if  he 
feels  all  right  he  goes  into  the  recovery 
room  where  he  is  given  a  cup  of  tea  or 
coffee  and  biscuits.  After  resting  for  half 
an  hour,  the  donor  is  ready  to  leave.  The 
only  reaction  generally  noted  is  moder- 
ate fatigue  and  excessive  thirst. 

After  the  clinic  is  over,  all  the  blood 
is  taken  to  the  laboratory  where,  after 
standing  for  a  few  hours,  the  connec- 
tions are  removed,  the  clot  is  cut  and  a 
sample  is  taken  from  each  donation  for 
a  Kahn  or  Wassermann  test.  The  blood 
is  left  in  the  refrigerator  overnight  and, 
in  the  morning,  as  much  serum  as  pos- 
sible is  drawn  off  the  blood  clot  into  250 
c.  c.  centrifuge  bottles.  These  are  cen- 
trifuged  at  2000  r.  p.  m.  for  half  an 
hour  and  then  the  supernatant  serum  is 
pooled  into  four-litre  bottles  as  soon  as 
the  report  of  the  Kahn  tests  is  received. 
Samples  of  this  pooled  serum  are  taken 
off  and  planted  in  nutrient  broth  and  on 
a  poured  agar  plate  and  merthiolate  is 
added  as  a  preservative.  These  sterility 
tests  are  read  at  the  end  of  a  week  and 
if  the  media  show  no  bacterial  growth, 
the  serum  is  sterile  and  is  ready  to  be 
shipped  to  the  Connaught  Laboratories. 
There  the  serum  is  put  into  large  metal 
containers  and  then  is  forced  through 
fine  asbestos  filters  into  large  sterile 
bottles.  Later,  250  c.  c.  is  measured  into 
smaller  bottles,  with  paper-covered  rub- 
ber necks,  and  immersed  in  alcohol 
cooled  to  40  degrees  Centigrade  with 
dry  ice,  to  freeze.  ^Vhen  frozen,  the 
bottles  are  place  in  racks  and  the  paper 
covers  removed.   They  are   then   placed 


NOVEMBER.    1942 


874 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


in  the  vacuum  cabinet  and  dried  at  a 
very  low  temperature  in  order  not  to 
alter  the  proteins  chemically.  These  bot- 
tles are  put  into  tin  containers,  sealed, 
and  shipped  to  Ottawa,  from  which  cen- 
tre they  are  distributed  to  our  Canadian 
Forces  overseas  and  to  centres  in  Eng- 
land for  use  by  the  civilian  population. 
Of  course  a  generous  sunnli'  is  kept  in 
Canada  for  use  in  an  emergency. 

Here  in  Halifax,  all  the  work  that  is 
not  of  a  technical  nature,  is  done  by 
volunteers.  The  Clinic  is  staffed  by  about 
ten  or  twelve  graduate  nurses  who  are 
married  or  not  in  active  work.  There 
are  also  from  six  to  ten  members  of  the 
nursing  section  of  the  Red  Cross  Wo- 
men's Volunteer  Corps  who  take  tem- 
p>eratures,  make  and  serve  refreshments, 
and  look  after  the  recovery  room  under 
the  watchful  eye  of  a  graduate  nurse. 
The    work    in    the    laboratory,    such    as 


washing  glassware  and  rubber  tubing, 
makino-  up  the  blood  sets  into  which 
blood  is  drawn  off,  and  serum  sets  used 
to  draw  the  serum  into  centrifuge  cups, 
and  the  centrifuging  itself,  is  all  done  by 
volunteer  help.  These  volunteers  come 
from  various  organizations  in  the  city, 
such  as  the  Junior  League,  the  St.  John 
Ambulance,  and  the  auxiliaries  of  the 
Red  Cross  and  the  I.O.D.E. 

We  find  that  many  people  are  anxious 
to  become  donors.  They  feel  there  is 
so  little  they  can  do  to  help  and  this 
seems  to  them,  as  it  actually  is,  a  very 
personal  effort,  something  that  no  one 
else  can  give,  four-fifths  of  a  pint  of 
their  own  blood  to  save  the  life  of  some 
soldier,  sailor  or  airman,  or  of  some  wo- 
man or  child  wounded  by  German 
bombs.  England  wants  more  serum  and 
more  donors  are  needed  all  over  Can- 
ada. Why  don't  we  all  try  it.^* 


A  Voice  from  the  Past 


In  years  gone  by  we  gave,  to  the 
senior  girls  in  the  public  schools,  a  course 
of  instruction  in  the  care  of  babies.  The 
girls  had  to  write  an  examination  and 
only  a  few  weeks  ago  we  found  a 
manuscript,  which  recorded  some  very 
original  answers  to  the  questions — 
"Why  is  breast  milk  best  for  babies?" 
There  is  no  doubt  that  they  will  prove 
helpful  to  the  nurses,  even  the  bright 
young  ones  of  the  present  day,  when 
they  are   teaching  in  the   homes: 

Because  mostly  bottle  fed  babies  dies  when 
they  is  young. 

Because  it  protects  from  community  de- 
ceses. 

Because  it  is  protected  so  that  cats  and 
dogs  cant  get  a  lick  at  it. 

Because  it  prevents  municipal  diseases. 


Because  it  is  handyer  in  a  trip. 
Because  it  does  not  go  sower. 

The  last  answer  in  the  collection, 
came  we  can  be  sure,  from  a  dear  good 
little  girl.  It  is  "Because  it  comes  from 
God." 

On  one  occasion  when  Bessie  Elliott 
was  taking  part  in  this  service,  it  was 
quite  observable  that  she  was  overcome 
by  one  of  the  answers  and  it  was  quite 
a  little  time  before  she  recovered  from 
her  emotion  sufficiently  to  return  to  her 
work.  When  the  marking  was  over, 
we  heard  what  had  affected  her.  It 
was  an  answer  to  the  question — "What 
should  a  baby  wear  on  a  warm  summer 
day.?"  The  answer  was — "A  tin  shirt 
and  a  dipper". 

— "Stepping  Stones" 


Vol.   38,  No.   11 


STUDENT   NURSES   PAGE 


In  Charge  at  Night 

Jane  M.  Johnson  • 

Student  Nurse 
School  of  Nursmg,  The  Moncton    Hospital,  \.  B. 


It  was  with  mingled  feelings  that  I 
learned  that  I  was  to  go  on  night-duty, 
in  charge  on  a  private  floor.  "In  charge" 
has  an  ominous  sound,  but  I  de'"ermined 
to  do  as  good  a  job  as  possible,  assisted 
by  my  two  juniors,  who  were  above 
the  average  in  intelligence  and  willing- 
ness. We  decided  that  each  nurse  should 
have  the  same  patients  nightly  because 
the  management  had  decided  it  was 
best  to  have  a  certain  nurse  assigned  to 
certain  parents.  There  were  various  rea- 
sons: the  patient  would  relax  more  under 
a  familiar  hand;  the  nurse,  knowing  his 
general  condition,  is  more  able  to  ob- 
serve a  change,  knows  his  likes  and  dis- 
likes, and  is  better  able  to  please.  Then, 
too,  our  instructress  had  established  the 
practice  of  writing  case  studies  —  she 
says  it  increases  a  student's  powers  of 
observation,  interest  in  the  patient,  and 
general  knowledge  of  the  disease.  All 
of  us  had  to  be  familiar,  none  the  less, 
with  all  the  patients,  so  that  a  nurse 
from  one  corridor  would  not  offer  a 
patient  in  the  other  corridor  (who  had 
had  a  tonsillectomy)  a  hot  drink,  thus 
destroying  the  confidence  and  sense  of 
well-being  we  were  trying  to  build  up. 

On  night  duty  you  are  under  less 
supervision  than  on  day  duty.  You  must 
plaji  your  work  well  and  work  rapidly. 


But  you  must  never  give  the  impression 
of  so  doing;  it  is  very  irritating  to  most 
patients.  There  are  two  corridors  on 
our  private  floor  —  a  long  and  a  short 
corridor.  The  night  supervisor  decided 
that  the  senior  of  my  two  helpers  should 
have  the  long,  and  the  junior  the  short 
corridor.  Each  one  wuuld  be  responsible 
for  her  own  bells,  and  the  8  o'clock 
temperatures.  In  the  meantime,  I  was 
to  give  the  laxatives,  make  out  the  drug 
list,  and  answer  the  telephone.  It  work- 
ed fairly  well,  although  there  seemed 
to  be  a  great  many  belts  ringing,  and  we 
were  dismayed  to  find  it  took  so  long 
to  give  the  medicines  and  take  tempe- 
ratures because  we  were  constantly  in- 
terrupted. With  a  little  co-operation 
from  the  day  nurses  we  began  to 
avoid  this.  The  patients  were  left 
comfortable  and,  with  drinks  on 
their  tables,  rarely  rang  until  we 
had  time  to  get  our  preliminary  work 
done.  There  was  also  a  little  difficulty 
about  visitors.  Most  people  do  not  real- 
ize the  value  of  time  (even  a  few  min- 
utes) to  a  nurse.  We  f.'nally  settled  this 
by  mentioning  to  the  patients  that  the 
corridor  lights  would  go  out  at  9  o'clock 
and  that  this  was  the  signal  for  all  visit- 
ors to  go  promptly. 

We  had  36  patients,  including  those 
having    special    nurses   and,    considering 


NOVEMBER.    1942 


875 


876 


THE     CANADIAN    NURSE 


the  routine  care  given  at  our  hospital, 
it  kept  the  three  of  us  fairly  busy.  Spe- 
cial nurses,  of  whom  there  were  from 
3  to  6  for  the  patients  most  ill,  were 
a  boon  to  us.  Everyone  comes  in  con- 
tact, sometime  or  other,  with  the  wil- 
ful, the  deliberate  prevaricator,  the  fus- 
sy patient.  For  patients  are  people.  All 
nurses  have  ha4  the  experience  of  leav- 
ing a  room  only  to  have  the  bell  peal 
behind  her,  to  re-enter  the  room  and 
perform  some  trivial  detail,  and  of  not 
being  able  to  reach  the  desk  before  the 
bell  rang  again.  I  used  to  think  of  Poe's 
line:  '^The  bells,  bells,  bells,  bells,  bells, 
hells,  bells.''  After  one  such  momentary 
rebellion  inside,  I  talked  with  our  super- 
intendent. She  had  the  perfect  answer 
—  "But  it  is  unfailing  patience  that 
makes  a  nurse,  isn't  it?"  I  decided  that 
one  nurse  in  ten  is  born  —  the  other 
nine  are  people  who  learn  to  be  nurses. 

Routine  care  consisted  of  offering 
the  bed-pan,  bathing  the  face  and  hands, 
brushing  the  teeth,  rubbing  the  back 
with  alcohol  and  powder,  giving  a  hot 
or  cold  drink,  straightening  the  bed  and 
brushing  out  crumbs,  tidying  the  room, 
and  giving  an  extra  blanket,  opening  the 
window.  This  was  routine  but  it  varied 
according  to  the  patient's  wishes.  There 
still  are  people  who  dislike  having  their 
backs  rubbed,  and  many  male  patients 
think  it  ridiculous  to  wash  at  nine  at 
night!  Most  of  the  women  had  make- 
up on,  perhaps  that  is  why  more  of  them 
washed ! 

We  were  taught  to  use  every  avail- 
able method  to  induce  sleep  without  re- 
sorting to  a  drug.  We  were  pleasantly 
surprised  to  find  how  many  times  a 
change  of  position, .  a  back-rub,  a  hot 
drink,  or  a  soda  tablet  hinted  at  as  a 
potent   sedative,   would   induce  slumber. 


Sometimes  what  the  patient  needed  was 
not  anything  material,  as  in  the  case  of 
Mr.  B.,  who  awoke  with  nightmare  be- 
cause he  had  two  boys  on  their  way  to 
England.  All  he  needed  or,  I  should 
say,  all  we  could  give  him  was  a  few 
minutes  reassuring  conversation.  But  he 
told  us  he  always  slept  afterward,  "see- 
ing how  sill)'  a  dream  is  after  all".  He 
had  all  our  sympathy.  A  patient  said 
one  night  that  nurses  "have  the  ability 
of  doing  menial  tasks  with  a  faint  re- 
serve that  far  removes  them  from  any 
familiarity",  and  we  thought  that  a  very 
nice  compliment.  The  orderlies  we 
found  prompt  and  obliging,  qualities  per- 
haps more  appreciated  in  the  wee  small 
hours. 

We  enjoyed  our  time  off,  which  in- 
cluded a  half-night  a  week,  when  we 
were  relieved  by  a  graduate.  I  must 
explain  that  we  also  had  two  hours  off 
each  night.  From  12  to  2,  2  to  4,  or  3 
to  5,  we  found  to  be  the  best  hours,  as 
it  left  two  nurses  on  the  floor  the  most 
of  the  night.  We  had  an  excellent  su- 
pervisor, who  stood  not  on  the  cold 
formality  that  is  slightly  frightening  (or 
discouraging)  when  one  needs  advice, 
but  was  always  to  be  found,  gave  us 
our  supplies  of  drugs  regularly  so  that 
we  could  give  them  promptly,  and  was 
always  cheerful  and  ready  to  help  us  in 
any  dilemma.  We  came  to  a  keen  ap- 
preciation of  the  fact  that  the  manage- 
ment saw  that  we  had  extra  hands  when 
we  needed  them,  and  loaned  them  when 
we  did  not.  This,  we  conceded  to  be 
the  mainsprijig  of  efficiency  —  co-oper- 
ation. The  endless  co-operation  between 
the  nurses  who  work  through  the  day, 
and  the  nurses  who  see  the  patients 
through  the  long  vigil  of  the  night  is  es- 
sential  to   a   hospital. 


Vol.    33,   No.    11 


The  Professional  Nurse 

C.  Hopkins 
Student  Nurse 

Scilool  of  Nursingy  Saskatoon  City    Hospital 


"Professional  nursing  is  the  blending 
of  intellectual  attainments,  attitudes  and 
mental  skills  based  on  the  principles  of 
scientific  medicine  and  acquired  by  means 
of  the  required  training  in  a  school  of 
nursing  affiliated  with  an  approved  hos- 
pital, in  conjunction  with  curative  and 
preventative  medicine."  A  professional 
nurse  is  one  who  has  met  all  the  legal 
requirements  and  practices  or  holds  a 
position  by  virtue  of  her  professional 
knowledge  and  legal  status.  The  ruling 
spirit  should  be  the  desire  to  render  a 
specialized  service  rather  than  to  make 
money. 

A  professional  nurse  should  be  able 
to  adjust  herself  intelligently  in  relation 
to  the  patient  and  his  family.  She  should 
do  all  that  she  is  reasonably  able  to  do  to 
aid  in  the  patient's  mental,  physical  and 
spiritual  comfort.  She  must  treat  them  as 
she  would  treat  her  own  friends — as 
persons.  She  must  watch  carefully  that 
her  own  attitudes  and  actions  are  above 
reproach.  She  must  be  prepared  to  ap- 
preciate, understand  and  adjust  herself 
to  all  the  different  types  of  persons  dif- 
fering in  such  things  as  race,  religion  and 
personality. 

With  the  medical  profession,  she  must 
show  technical  skill  and  good  judgment. 
She  must  be  loyal  and  considerate  and 
willing  to  follow  direction.  She  must  be 
conscientious  in  carrying  out  all  orders 
for  the  proper  care  of  the  patient.  She 
should  become  familiar  with  the  different 
ways  in  which  the  doctors  work  in  order 
to  maintain  smooth  relationships.  She 
must  always  be  considerate  and  co-opera- 
tive with  other  personnel  with  whom  she 
daily  comes  in  contact  such  as  dietitians, 
social   service    workers   and   others.   She 

NOVEMBER,    1942 


must  be  loyal  and  co-operative  with  her 
colleagues  and  superiors. 

The  professional  nurse  also  should  play 
an  important  part  in  the  community. 
She  is  responsible  for  carrying  out  effi- 
ciently what  the  public  expect  of  the 
nursing  profession  which  is  "prevention 
of  illness  and  disease,  the  promotion  of 
health  and  restoration  from  sickness." 
Poise  is  an  essential  quality  of  the  pro- 
fessional nurse.  She  should  study  her- 
self in  order  to  know  what  traits  of 
personality  and  appearance  she  should 
possess  and  strive  to  acquire  others  which 
she  lacks.  She  must  overcome  any  that 
may  mar  what  otherwise  would  be  con- 
sidered a  well-balanced  personality. 
Good  physical  and  mental  health  is  im- 
portant. Health  and  cleanliness  are  the 
keynotes  to  p>ersonal  appearance,  and  the 
professional  nurse  must  always  be  at  her 
best.  She  should  present  a  wholesome, 
attractive,  well-kept  appearance  —  the 
back-bone  of  which  is  good  posture. 

Conversational  ability  is  a  necessary 
attribute.  She  must  know  when  to  talk 
as  well  as  what  to  say  and,  better  still, 
what  not  to  say.  She  should  share  the 
conversation  with  others,  not  monopolize 
it.  She  should  develop  the  art  of  being 
sensitive  to  people's  moods  and  act  ac- 
cordingly in  all  situations.  This  rare 
gift  is  spoken  of  as  tact.  Her  manners 
should  be  gracious  at  all  times,  and  her 
ideals  and  practices  must  be  above  re- 
proach in  more  than  an  ethical  sense. 
Ethics  in  nursing  has  to  do  with  ideals, 
customs  and  habits  which  members  of 
the  profession  are  accumulating  by  de- 
grees. 

Living  conditions  are  most  important 
to  the  professional  nurse.  Her  residence 

877 


878 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


should  be  homelike,  attractive  and  suited 
to  her  needs.  Leisure  activities  should 
have  no  connection  with  her  work,  and 
she  is  a  wise  p>erson  if  she  chooses  mem- 
bers out  of  her  profession  as  associates. 
A  change  is  as  good  as  a  rest  is  more  than 
true  in  this  respect.  A  professional  nurse 
must  live  a  well  balanced  life  if  she  ex- 
pects to  do  the  best  of  which  she  is 
capable — and  outside  interests  and  ac- 
tivities provide  this  balance. 

Just   stand   aside   atid   watch   yourself 
go   by 


Think  of  yourself  as  "Her"  instead  of 

Pick  flawSy  find  faulty  forget  the  nurse 
is  you 

And  strive  to  make  the  •estimate  ring 
true. 

The  faults  of  others  then  will  dwarf 
and  shrink 

Lovers  chain  grows  stronger  by  one 
mighty  link 

When  you  with  "Her"  as  substitute 
for  "'/" 

Have  stood  aside  and  watched  your- 
self go  by. 


Esther  Augusta  Rothery 


Following  an  illness  of  some  months 
Esther  Augusta  Rothery  died  on  September 
4,  1942,  at  her  home  in  Weston,  Ontario. 
While  in  failing  health  for  sometime  and 
with  certain  knowledge  that  her  days  were 
numbered,  Miss  Rothery  carried  on  to  the 
limit  of  her  physical  powers,  and  had  com- 
pleted arrangements   for  the  graduating  ex- 


EsTHER  Augusta  Rothery 


ercises  in  May  before  she  relinquished  her 
duties  as  superintendent  of  nurses  at  the  On- 
tario Hospital,  New  Toronto. 

Miss  Rothery  was  born  in  Niagara  Falls 
where  her  father,  the  late  Jesse  Colquhoun 
Rothery,  a  Scottish  engineer,  was  engaged 
at  that  time  in  the  development  of  electric 
tram  lines.  Later  her  parents  moved  to  West 
Virginia  but  her  secondary  school  education 
w-as  finally  completed  at  Harbord  Collegiate 
Institute,  Toronto.  In  1916,  Miss  Rothery  en- 
tered the  Massachusetts  General  Hospital 
at  Boston  for  training.  Following  her  grad- 
uation she  held  a  staff  position  in  the  hos- 
pital until  she  became  superintendent  of  the 
Aurora  Hospital,  Illinois,  where  she  remain- 
ed for  five  years.  On  her  return  to  Canada 
she  entered  the  University  of  Toronto  School 
of  Nursing  for  graduate  study  and  then  fol- 
lowed a  year  in  special  training  at  the  On- 
tario Hospital,  Whitby.  Following  this  pre- 
paration for  administrative  work  in  the 
mental  field  Miss  Rothery  entered  the  On- 
tario Government  Service,  where  she  served 
as  superintendent  of  nurses  at  the  Rock- 
wood  Hospital,  Kingston.  As  supervisor  of 
nursing  for  the  Ontario  Hospitals  she  or- 
ganized the  nursing  service  in  the  new  men- 
tal hospital  at  St.  Thomas.  When  this  hos- 
pital was  taken  over  by  the  Dominion  Gov- 
ernment as  an  Air  Training  Centre  she  re- 
turned to  training  school  work  in  connection 
with  the  Ontario  Hospital  at  New  Toronto. 


Vol.  38,  No.   11 


FIFTY    YEARS     AGO 


879 


During  the  period  of  administration  as 
supervisor  of  nursing  for  mental  hospitals 
Miss  Rothery  accomplished  outstanding  work 
in  establishing  a  closer  relationship  between 
general  and  mental  training  schools.  Affilia- 
tions were  lengthened  and  improved  in  con- 
tent and  teaching.  A  course  for  male  nurses 
in  the  Ontario  Hospitals  was  established  and 
personal  attention  was  given  to  the  arrange- 
ment of  the  curriculum  and  selection  of  can- 
didates. 

Those  who  were  associated  with  Miss  Ro- 


thery can  testify  to  the  value  of  her  contri- 
bution to  nursing  during  her  too  brief  life, 
to  the  keeness  of  her  mind,  and  her  sound 
preparation  for  teaching  and  administration. 
As  a  discriminating  reader  and  a  fine  mu- 
sician Miss  Rothery  brought  something  in- 
tangible to  her  students  and  they  will  not 
soon  forget  her  uncompromising  attitude  to 
anything  which  would  bring  discredit  to  the 
profession.  To  her  graduate  staff  and  stu- 
dents she  was  at  all  times  their  guide,  coun- 
cillor,  and    friend. 


On  Duty  in  South  Africa 


A  letter  recently  received  by  Saskat- 
chewan friends  of  Martha  Loken  (Saska- 
toon City  Hospital)  reveals  interesting  side- 
lights on  life  in  South  Africa: 

The  scenery  here  is  really  marvellous  with 
tall  majestic  oaks  and  pines.  From  my 
window  I  can  see  Table  Mountain  and  I 
spent  my  day  off  on  the  beach  glorying  in 
the  surf-bathing,  wind  and  sun.  The  military 
nurses  here  have  khaki  uniforms  and  stripes 
on  their  shoulders  in  place  of  our  pips. 
They  wear  white  on  duty  with  brown  shoes, 
stockings  and  hats.  We  are  the  first  Cana- 
dian nurses  to  be  stationed  near  Capetown 


and  everyone  is  extremely  kind,  and  we  have 
more  invitations  than  we  can  find  time  for. 
The  actual  ward  work  is  done  by  women 
who  belong  to  St.  John  Ambulance  or  are 
V.A.D.'s.  The  patients  have  all  the  common 
complaints,  including  dysentery  and  quite 
a  bit  of  malaria.  We  are  too  far  from  the 
war  zones  to  get  real  casualties.  In  the 
operating  room  sterile  supplies  are  kept  in 
drums,  each  with  one  kind  of  article  in  it — 
gloves,  gowns,  towels,  sheets,  etc.  The  skin 
towels  and  laparotomy  sheets  are  bright 
green,  a  sort  of  silky  repp  material.  The 
anaesthetic  tables  are  very  completely 
equipped. 


Fifty  Years  Ago 


It  is  almost  a  complete  half -century  since 
that  October  day  in  1892  when,  amid  con- 
gratulations and  good  wishes,  I  became  the 
proud  possessor  of  the  diploma  and  medal 
of  the  Mack  Training  School  of  the  St. 
Catharines  General  Hospital,  Looking  back 
to  my  period  of  training  I  know  that,  in 
comparison  to  the  conditions  of  modern 
hospital  life,  we  must  have  had  many  in- 
conveniences and  handicaps,  but  I  think 
we  generally  took  them  for  granted  and 
regarded  it  as  simply  our  duty  to  use  our 
ingenuity  to  overcome  them  and  to  take 
just  as  good  care  of  our  patients  as  if  no 
handicaps    existed. 

The   necessity    for   this    was    more    likely 

NOVEMBER,   1942 


to  be  met  in  a  private  home  than  in  the 
hospital  and,  in  our  day,  pupil  nurses  were 
obliged,  after  the  first  six  months,  to  go 
out  and  nurse  cases  in  private  homes.  Not 
necessarily  in  the  city  either,  but  wherever 
the  superintendent  deemed  it  avisable  to 
send  us.  Calls  came  from  the  surrounding 
district — from  Toronto,  Peterborough,  Lind- 
say, and  as  far  away  as  Montreal.  These 
outside  cases  were  regarded  as  a  continua- 
tion of  our  training,  and,  believe  me,  they 
certainly  were.  The  training  previously 
given  us  had  been  with  a  view  to  fitting 
us  for  private  work  as  well  as  hospital 
nursing  and  it  is  a  satisfaction  to  recall 
how    successful,    almost    without    exception, 


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our  pupil  nurses  were.  But,  I  am  bound  to 
confess  that  the  pupil  nurses  themselves 
sometimes  suffered  especially  from  long 
hours,  overwork  and  lack  of  sufficient 
sleep.  A  second  nurse,  even  in  very  critical 
cases,  was  so  rare  that,  in  my  time,  few 
of    us   ever   experienced   that   joy. 

As  our  School  had  been  graduating  nurses 
for  years  before  my  time,  we  did  not  then 
think  of  ourselves  as  pioneers,  but  looking 
back  now,  I  realize  that  to  a  certain  extent 
we  were.  Some  of  the  homes  we  entered 
had  never  previously  known  a  hospital 
nurse.  It  was  not  unusual  to  find  ourselves 
regarded  as  curiosities,  not  to  say  freaks. 
That  we  turned  out  to  be  young  women  of 
average  appearance  possessed  of  average 
human  qualities  was  a  beautiful  surprise  to 
the  patient's  anxious  relatives. 

Regarding  our  hospital  duty,  the  hours 
were  long  and  the  work  was  hard.  We 
led  a  pretty  strenuous  life,  but  the  only 
real  hardship  that  I  recollect  was  my  three 
months  period  of  night  duty.  One  nurse, 
on  duty  all  alone  from  seven  at  night  until 
seven  in  the  morning,  in  charge  of  all  the 
wards    upstairs    and    down,    with    perhaps 


thirty  patients — typhoid,  pneumonia,  frac- 
tures— anything  and  everything  except  con- 
tagious diseases.  All  this  with  the  distinct 
understanding  that  no  patient  must  be 
neglected,  no  bell  go  unanswered.  "Sewing 
duty"  was  another  vuist  of  our  time,  and 
quite  unpopular  it  was.  None  of  us  did 
enough  of  it  to  become  skilled  makers  of 
hospital  gowns,  but  we  all  laboured  at  it 
more  or  less  faithfully.  One  girl,  I  re- 
collect, considered  it  a  very  poor  reward  for 
her  struggles  when  she  was  told  that  her 
buttonholes  looked  "just  like  pig's 
eyes."  Fifty  years  ago,  social  affairs  were 
few  and  far  between  for  the  pupil  nurses — 
no  movies,  no  joy-rides,  except  an  occasional 
one  with  a  young  man  in  a  covered  buggy, 
but  that  was  a  hilarious  relaxation,  and  I 
can  vouch  for  the  fact  that  it  was  very 
decidedly  frowned  upon.  But  a  group  of 
lively,  congenial  girls  did  not  need  to  depend 
on  outsiders  to  supply  amusement.  They 
found  plenty  of  ways  all  their  own. 

Ann   E,   Hutchison 
Class   of    1892 
Mack    Training   School 


Vol.   38,  No.   11 


McCill  School  for 
Graduate  Nurses 

Owing  to  circumstances  arising  out  of  the 
war,  there  is  an  urgent  need  of  qualified 
teachers  and  supervisors  in  hospitals.  The 
care  of  patients,  and  the  teaching  of  students 
in  the  clinical  fields  must  be  safeguarded. 
To  meet  this  emergency,  the  School  for 
Graduate  Nurses  is  offering  a  four-months 
course  in  the  second  term  of  the  Session 
1942-43,  to  prepare  nurses  to  assume  execu- 
tive, teaching  and  supervisory  responsibilities 
in  the  various  hospital  services.  Nurses  who 
apply  for  this  course  should  have  had  not 
less  than  a  year  of  graduate  experience, 
and,  if  possible,  at  least  six  months  in  the 
particular  nursing  service  in  which  they  se- 
verally wish  to  specialize. 

The  course  will  be  designed  to  provide  a 
concentrated  period  of  two  months  of  lec- 
tures, followed  by  two  months  of  experience 
in  the  particular  clinical  field  which  the 
respective  students  have  selected  for  spe- 
cialization. In  addition  to  opportunities  for 
becoming  acquainted  with  the  nursing  serv- 
ice and  the  newer  therapeutic  measures  re- 
lating to  the  care  of  patients,  practice  will 
be  provided  in  teaching,  supervision  and 
ward  management.  The  teaching  hospitals 
affiliated  with  McGill  University  will  be 
used  for  this  purpose. 

The  cost  of  the  course,  including  tuition 
and  maintenance,  will  be  approximately 
from  $350  to  $400,  not  including  travelling 
expenses. 

Nurses  who  wish  to  complete  the  course 
leading  to  a  certificate  in  Teaching  and 
Supervision  by  returning  for  another  four- 
months  period,  within  a  reasonable  time, 
must  meet  the  requirements  for  entrance 
to  McGill  University. 

The  course  will  begin  on  Wednesday, 
January  6,  1943.  Registration  must  be  com- 
plete not  later  than  December  15,  1942.  The 
necessary  application  forms  may  be  secured 
from  the  Secretary,  School  for  Graduate 
Nurses,  3466  University  Street,  Montreal, 
Quebec.  Telephone  Number:  Ma.  9181  — 
Local  86. 


"SAY!    THIS    IS    SERVICE— EVEN 
TO    MY     FAVOURITE    SOAP    — 

PALMOLIVE!" 


Nurses  and  Patients  Agree: 

PALMOLIVE 

makes  bathing   more  pleasant 

•  In  nursing  and  hospital  care, 
Nature's  soothing  oils  of  Olive  and 
Palm  have  long  been  recognized 
for  their  beneficial  effect  on  sensi- 
tive skin.  Their  inclusion  in  the 
making  of  Palmolive  makes  Palm- 
olive  the  gentlest,  kindest  toilet  soap 
known  —  the  one  soap  not  only 
safe,  but  actually  good  for  even 
the  most  sensitive  skin.  Make  your 
duties  more  pleasant,  and  please 
your  patients  by  bathing  them  with 
mild,   soothing   Palmolive. 


PALMOLIVE 
is   one 
of  the 
"little 
things" 
patients 


important! 


More  patients  use  Palmolive  at  home 
than   any  other   leading   beauty  soap! 


NOVEMBER,  1942 


Ml 


882 


WANTED 

Applications  are  invited 

for  a  full-time 

Instructress 

January  1, 

1943. 

at  the  Brandon  Hospital  for  Mental  Diseases. 

Apply  to: 

Brandon  Hospital  for 

Mental  Diseases 

Box  420, 

Brandon, 

Man. 

WANTED 

Applications  are  invited  for  the  position  of  Class  Room  Instructress  for 
a  100-bed  Hospital.  Apply,  giving  qualifications,  experience,  and  salary  ex- 
pected, to: 

The  Superintendent,  General  Hospital,  Dauphin,  Manitoba. 


WANTED 

Applications  are  invited  for  the  position  of  Nursery  Supervisor  in  the  Sal- 
vation Army  Grace  Hospital,  Ottawa,  Ontario.  This  is  a  women's  hospital  with 
66  adult  beds  and  50  bassinettes.  Apply  to: 

Major  Hannah  J.  Janes,  R.N.,  Superintendent,  Grace  Hospital,  Ottawa,  Ont. 


Victorian  Order  of  Nurses  for  Canada 


The  following  are  the  staff  appointments 
to,  transfers,  and  resignations  from  the 
Victorian  Order  of  Nurses  for  Canada: 

Announcement  is  made  of  the  appoint- 
ment of  Miss  E.  A.  Electa  MacLcnnan  to 
the  staff  of  the  National  Office  of  the 
Victorian  Order  of  Nurses  for  Canada. 
Miss  MacLennan  brings  to  her  new  position 
a  background  of  unusual  preparation  and 
experience.  A  graduate  of  the  Royal  Vic- 
toria Hospital  and  of  the  course  in  teaching 
at  the  McGill  School  for  Graduate  Nurses, 
she  has  a  Bachelor  of  Arts  Degree  from 
Dalhousie  University  and  more  recently 
has  obtained  a  Master  of  Arts  Degree  in 
nursing  education  from  Teachers  College, 
Columbia  Unive'rsity.  Miss  MacLennan 
has  had  two  years'  teaching  experience  in 
the  Vancouver  General  Hospital  and  has 
served   in  the   capacity   of    staff  .nurse   and 


supervisor    on    the    Montreal    Branch. 

Miss  Margaret  Trueman,  B.  A.,  a.  graduate 
of  the  Montreal  General  Hospital  and  of 
the  course  in  public  health  nursing,  McGill 
School  for  Graduate  Nurses,  has  been  ap- 
pointed to  the   Montreal   staff. 

Miss  Eleanor  Eraser,  B.A.,  a  graduate 
of  the  Royal  Victoria  Hospital,  having  re- 
cently completed  the  course  in  public  health 
nursing  at  McGill  School  for  Graduate 
Nurses,  has  been  reappointed  to  the  Montreal 
staff. 

Miss  Jeanne  M.  Sterne,  a  graduate  of  the 
General  Hospital,  Brantford,  and  of  the 
course  in  public  health  nursing,  School  of 
Nursing,  University  of  Toronto,  has  been 
appointed   to   the   Toronto   staff. 

Miss  Phyllis  Morrison,  a  graduate  of  the 
Toronto  Western  Hospital,  has  been  ap- 
pointed   temporarily    to    the    Toronto    staff. 

Miss    Floris    Zitlauf.    a    graduate    of    St. 


Vol.   38,  No.   11 


883 


The  Ideal  Dietary  Sweet 


"CROWN  BRAND"  and  "LILY 
WHITE"  furnish  maximum 
energy  with  a  minimum  diges- 
tive effort — and  contain  a 
large  percentage  of  Dextrose 
and  Maltose.  That  is  why  they 
are  used  so  successfully  for 
infant  feeding. 

These  famous  Syrups  are  scien- 
tifically manufactured  under  the 
most  hygienic  conditions  .  .  . 
they  are  the  purest  corn  syrups 
obtainable  ond  con  be  prescribed 
with   assured   good  results. 


'CROWN  BRAND  CORN  SYRUP 

anduvf  white\:orn  syrup 

Manufacturmd  by  THE  CANADA  STARCH  COMPANY  Limited 


Michael's  Hospital,  Toronto,  has  been  ap- 
pointed temporarily  to  the  York  Township 
staff. 

Miss  Helena  Decary,  a  graduate  of  the 
Sacred  Heart  Hospital,  Cartierville,  Mont- 
real, and  of  the  course  in  public  health 
nursing.  University  of  Montreal,  has  been 
appointed  to  the  Lachine  staff. 

Miss  Lucille  Bonin  has  resigned  from  the 
Toronto  staff  to  accept  a  position  with  the 
St.    Elizabeth    Visiting    Nurses    Association. 

Miss  Lyle  Ferguson  and  Miss  Betty  Thorn 
have  resigned  from  the  Toronto  staff  to  be 
married. 

Miss  Betty  Burivash  has  resigned  from  the 
Toronto  staff  to  accept  a  position  with  the 
Provincial  Department  of  Health  in  Corn- 
wall. 

Miss  Margaret  Mansell  has  resigned  from 
the  Toronto  staff  to  serve  with  the  R.C.A. 
M.C.    Nursing    Service. 

Miss  Yvette  Notcbaert  has  resigned  from 
the  staff  in  Kirkland  Lake. 

Miss  M.   Kaufman,   who   has   been   tem- 

NOVEMBER,  1942 


porarily  employed  on  the  Montreal  staff,  and 
Miss  Helen  Furlong  on  the  East  York  staff, 
have  resigned  to  take  the  course  in  public 
health  nursing  at  McGill  School  for  Grad- 
uate Nurses. 

Mrs.  G.  M.  Cleaver  and  Miss  E.  Roe  have 
resigned  from  the  Montreal  staff,  the 
latter  to  take   up   other   work. 

Miss  Hilda  Willis  and  Miss  Lillian  Fry- 
ers, who  have  been  temporarily  employed  on 
the  Winnipeg  staff,  have  resigned  to  take 
the  course  in  public  health  nursing  at  McGill 
School   for  Graduate  Nurses. 

Miss  Helen  Kay,  who  has  been  temporarily 
employed  on  the  Ottawa  staff,  has  resigned 
to  take  the  course  in  public  health  nursing 
at  the  School  of  Nursing,  University  of 
Toronto. 

Miss  Hazel  Ingram  has  resigned  from  the 
Winnipeg  staff  to  serve  with  the  R.C.A. 
M.C.  Nursing  Service. 

Miss  Julia  Flynn  has  resigned  from  the 
Halifax    staff   to   be   married. 

Miss   Catherine   Murray  has  been  trans- 


884 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


McCILL 
UNIVERSITY 

School  for  Graduate  Nurses 

The     following     one-year     certificate 

courses     are     offered     to     graduate 

nurses : 

TEACHING  AND 

SUPERVISION    IN    SCHOOLS 

OF   NURSING 

PUBLIC    HEALTH    NURSING 

ADMINISTRATION  IN 

HOSPITALS    AND   SCHOOLS 

OF   NURSING 

ADMINISTRATION  AND 

SUPERVISION 

IN  PUBLIC  HEALTH 

NURSING 

For  information  apply  to: 

School    for    Graduate    Nurses 
McGill    University,   Montreal. 


ROYAL  VICTORIA  HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL  OF  NURSING 

MONTREAL 

Courses  for  Graduate  Nurses 

(1)  A  three-months  course  is  offered 
in  Obstetrical  Nursing.  (2)  A  two- 
months  course  is  offered  in  Gyne- 
cological Nursing.  For  further 
information  apply  to  Miss  Caroline 
Barrett,  R.N.,  Supervisor,  Women's 
Pavilion,  Royal  Victoria  Hospital. 


(3)  A  course  in  operating  room 
technique  and  management  is  of- 
fered to  nurses  with  graduate  ex- 
perience in  operating  room  work. 

(4)  Courses  are  also  offered  in 
medical  nursing;  surgical  nursing; 
nursing  in  diseases  of  the  eye,  ear, 
nose  and  throat;  nursing  in  uro- 
logy. For  further  information  apply 
to  Miss  F.  Munroe,  R.N.,  Superin- 
tendent of  Nurses,  Royal  Victoria 
Hospital. 


f erred  from  the  East  York  staff  to  take 
charge  of  the  Huntsville  Branch. 

Miss  Jean  Weir  has  been  transferred  from 
the    Montreal   staff   to   the   Oshawa    staff. 

Miss  Dorothy  Paulin  has  been  transferred 
from  the  Westbank  Branch  to  take  charge 
of  the  newly  opened  branch  in  Trail,  B.C. 

Miss  Margaret  Anderson  has  been  trans- 
ferred from  the  Campbellton  Branch  to  be 
nurse-in-charge    of    the    Amherst   Branch. 

Miss  Christine  Mc Arthur  has  been  trans- 
ferred from  the  Huntsville  Branch  to  be 
nurse-in-charge    of    the    Sudbury    Branch. 


M.L.I.C.  Nursing  Service 

Miss  Marie  E.  Cantin  (St.  Vincent  de 
Paul  Hospital,  Sherbrooke,  1926,  and  public 
health  nursing  course.  University  of  Mont- 
real, 1929)  head  nurse  on  the  Mount  Royal 
staff,  Montreal,  was  recently  granted  a 
four-months  leave  of  absence  to  take  a  post- 
graduate course  in  public  health  administra- 
tion and  supervision  at  the  McGill  School 
for  Graduate  Nurses.  Miss  Cantin  was  grant- 
ed a  bursary  by  the  Canadian  Nurses  As- 
sociation  to   assist   in   this   course. 

Miss  Annette  Limoges  (St.  Jean  Hospital, 
P.  Q.,  1927,  and  public  health  nursing  course. 
University  of  Montreal,  1940),  nurse  in  Jon- 
quiere,  P.  Q.,  recently  resigned  from  the 
Company's   service   to   be   married. 

Miss  Alma  Morache  (Notre  Dame  Hos- 
pital, Montreal,  1930,  and  public  health  nurs- 
ing course,  McGill  School  for  Graduate 
Nurses,  1938)  was  recently  transferred  to 
take  charge  of  the  Company's  Service  in 
Niagara  Falls.  Miss  Morache  was  formerly 
on  the   Montreal   staff. 

Miss  Gilbert e  Violette  (Hopital  du  St. 
Sacrement,  Quebec,  1937)  was  recently 
granted  leave  of  absence  from  the  Montreal 
staff  to  take  an  eight-months  course  in  pub- 
lic health  nursing  at  the  School  of  Nursing, 
University  of  Montreal.  Miss  Violette  will 
be  given  a  scholarship  by  the  M.L.I.C.  to 
assist  in  her  course. 

Miss  Lillian  Wark  (Toronto  General  Hos- 
pital, 1930,  and  public  health  nursing  course. 
University  of  Toronto,  1933)  recently  re- 
signed as    Metropolitan  nurse  in   Sudbury. 


Vol.   38,  No.   11 


Ontario  Public  Health  Service 

Miss  Isabel  Dceth  (Hamilton  General 
Hospital  and  University  of  Toronto  public 
health  nursing  course)  has  resigned  from 
the  nursing  staff  of  the  Hamilton  Depart- 
ment of  Health  to  accept  a  position  with 
the  Visiting  Nursing  Association  of  Hes- 
peler.. 

Miss  Elsie  Franks  (Toronto  General  Hos- 
pital and  University  of  Toronto  public  health 
nursing  course)  has  joined  the  public  health 
nursing  staff  at  Timmins.  She  vv^as  formerly 
with  the  Kirkland  Lake  Board  of  Health. 

Miss  Lillian  Laivdcr  (Hospital  for  Sick 
Children  and  University  of  Toronto  public 
health  nursing  course)  has  accepted  the  po- 
sition of  public  health  nurse  at  Fort  Frances. 

Miss  Helen  M.  Ellidtt  (Hamilton  Gen- 
eral Hospital  and  University  of  Toronto  pub- 
lic health  nursing  course)  has  accepted  the 
post  of  public  health  nurse  with  the  Board 
of  Health  at  Cochrane. 

Mrs.  Louise  Harding  (Montreal  General 
Hospital  and  University  of  Toronto  public 
health  nursing  course)  is  carrying  on  the 
school  health  service  at  Long  Branch  during 
Miss  Agnes  Alexander's  leave  of  absence. 
Miss  Alexander  is  enrolled  in  the  public 
health  nursing  course  at  the  School  of 
Nursing,   University  of  Toronto. 

Mrs.  Phyllis  Reynolds,  nee  Kitchen  (di- 
ploma course  in  nursing  and  public  health, 
University  of  Toronto  School  of  Nursing) 
has  joined  the  staff  of  the  Woodstock  Board 
of  Health. 

Mrs.  Beverly  Hoivard,  nee  Rogers  (di- 
ploma course  in  nursing  and  public  health, 
University  of  Toronto  School  of  Nursing) 
has  been  appointed  to  the  staff  of  the  Board 
of  Education  Health  Service  in  Peterbo- 
rough, where  Miss  Jessie  Dcyell  is  on  leave 
of  absence  for  service  with  the  R.C.A.M.C. 

Mrs.  Mildred  Gchinan  (Brantford  Gen- 
eral Hospital  and  University  of  Toronto 
public  health  nursing  course)  has  been  ,ap- 
pointed  to  the  staff  of  the  Oshawa  Board 
of  Health. 

Mrs.  Dorothy  SMpter,  nee  Armstrong 
(Hamilton  General  Hospital  and  University 
of  Western  Ontario  public  health  nursing 
course)  has  joined  the  school  health  service 
in  Chatham. 


THREE  FAMOUS 

PRODUCTS 
FOR  BABY  CARE 


To  nurses  and  mothers  alike,  one  of 
the  most  important  factors  in  baby 
caie  is  the  choice  of  reliable  toilet  pre- 
parations. 

•  Baby's  Own  SOAP  has  been  the 
choice  of  generations  of  nurses  and 
mothers  because  it  is  made  especially 
for  babies  from  the  finest,  purest  ma- 
terials obtainable.  Baby's  Own  Soap 
contains  lanoline,  soothing  to  baby's 
delicate  skin. 

•  Baby's  Own  POWDER  is  a  scien- 
tifically manufactured  borated  talc 
prepared  especially  for  babies  to  pre- 
vent skin  irritation,   chafing  or   rash. 

•  Baby's  Own  OIL  is  a  pure,  bland 
oil  containing  no  antiseptic  and  espe- 
cially blended  for  the  delicate  tissues 
of  baby's  skin.  Non-sticky,  it  forms  a 
protective  film  against  moisture  and 
irritation. 

All  three  of  these  products  are  pre- 
pared particularly  for  use  in  the  Nur- 
sery and  are  hygienically  manufactured 
to  measure  up  to  clinical  standards. 

You   may   recommend    Baby's    Own 
Products  with  confidence. 


urn, 

PRODUCTS 


NOVEMBER,    1942 


885 


886 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


REFRESHER  COURSE   IN 
INDUSTRIAL    NURSING 

The  School  of  Nursing:,  University  of 
Toronto,  announces  a  refresher  course  in 
Industrial  Nui-sing  for  Registered  Nurses 
to  be  held  from  November  23  to  27.  The 
general  content  will  include  lectures  on 
industrial  hygiene  emphasizing  medical 
service  in  industi-y ;  contribution  of  the 
nurse  to  the  industrial  health  programme  ; 
health  service  relationships  within  indus- 
try ;  mental  health  and  morale ;  control  of 
wound  infection ;  public  health  nursing : 
(a)  general  principles  (b)  industrial  nurs- 
ing :  objectives,  scope,  and  methods.  The 
teaching  in  Industrial  Nursing  will  be 
given  by  Miss  Olive  Whitlock,  Public 
Health  Nursing  Consultant,  Division  In- 
dustrial Hygiene,  United  States  Public 
Health  Service.  Round  tables  will  be  con- 
ducted on  the  industrial  nurse  in  the 
community  health  programme ;  and  in- 
dustrial nursing,  comprising  opportunities, 
problems,  and  techniques.  Observation 
visits,  demonstrations,  and  a  question  box 
will    also    be    part    of    the    programme. 

All  Registered  Nurses  interested  in  In- 
dustrial Nursing  are  eligible  for  enrol- 
ment.   Registration    fee :    $8.00. 


The  American  Hospital  Bureau 

1825  Empire  State  Building 
New  York  City 


Offers  to  Hospitals  in  Canada  and  the 
United  States  a  professional  placement 
service  for  Hospital  and  Nursing  School 
Administrators,  Instructors,  Supervisors, 
Anaesthetists,  Dietitians,  Technicians,  and 
General  Duty  Nurses.  All  credentials  per- 
sonally verified. 


C.  M.  Powell,  R.  N.,  Director 


THE  CENTRAL 

REGISTRY  OF  GRADUATE 

NURSES,  TORONTO 

Furnish  Nurses 

at     any    hour 

DAY  or  NIGHT  , 

TELEPHONE  Ningsdale  2IJo 

Physicians'      and      Surgeons'      BIdg., 

86    Bloor    Street,    West,    TORONTO 

HELEN  CARRUTHERS,  Reg.  N. 


Miss  Lorraine  Larsen  (St.  Michael's  Hos- 
pital, Toronto,  and  University  of  Toronto 
public  health  nursing  course)  of  the  Owen 
Sound  Board  of  Health,  has  been  released 
for  army   service. 

Miss  Phyllis  Branson  (diploma  course  in 
nursing  and  public  health,  University  of  To- 
ronto School  of  Nursing)  has  been  appoint- 
ed to  the  staff  of  the  East  York  Township 
Board  of   Health. 

Miss  Hilda  Pennock  of  the  supervisory 
staff,  Ontario  Department  of  Health,  is 
attending  the  administration  and  supervi- 
sion in  public  health  nursing  course,  at  the 
McGill  School  for  Graduate  Nurses. 


NEWS    NOTES 

MANITOBA 


Winnipeg; 


Wmnifeg  General  Hosfital: 

Winnipeg  General  Hospital  graduates,  who 
have  been  granted  leave  of  absence  from 
their  positions  to  attend  the  McGill  School 
for  Graduate  Nurses  under  the  Bursary  Fund 
granted  to  the  C.N. A.,  include  Misses  He- 
lena Reimer  (1937),  Gertrude  Callin  (1941), 
Bervl  Seeman  (1935),  Eileen  Willis  (1941), 
Lillian  Fryer  (1940),  and  Florence  Strat- 
ton  (1932).  Misses  Ruth  Crichton  (1942) 
and  Beth  Rice-Jones  (1942)  will  attend  the 
University  of  Toronto  School  of  Nursing. 

Miss  Charolette  Counsell  (1927)  has  ac- 
cepted a  position  as  laboratory  technician  at 
Shilo  Military  Hospital. 

The  following  marriages  have  recently 
taken  place:  Ethel  Wilson  (1929)  to  Edgar 
English;  Irene  Yellowlees  (1940)  to  Gor- 
don Inglis. 


NOVA  SCOTIA 

New  Glasgow: 


Aberdeen  Hosfital: 

The  following  marriages  have  recently 
taken  place:  Edith  Woodworth  (A.  H., 
1936)  to  George  MacDonald;  Anne  Bartlett 
(A.  H.,  1938)  to  Pte.  George  Bain  Langley; 
Muriel  Lent  (St.  Martha's  Hospital,  Anti- 
gonish)  to  Lieut.  Douglas  MacDonald. 


VoL  38,  No.  11 


NEWS     NOTES 


inHHIED 


is  the 

DIRECT  METHOD 
^    ,_.r^  r;         of  treating 

*v>*   *?^'^^-  COLDS,   ftRONCHITIS, 

r""*"^  WHOOPING    COUGH 


^^^^^^^^^^Trherein  lies  "^^^°' 

Ibaued,  b'-*'''|„Tr.f;mess  are  reheved. 
throat  ■"■'^„t?,  "iterature,  Dept.  8. 
Write  for  nurse*  ^ 


THE    VAPO-CRESOLENE   CO. 
62  Cortlandt  St.       New  York,  N.Y. 


Editor's  Note:  District  officers  of  the 
Registered  Nurses  Association  may  obtain 
information  regarding  the  publication  of 
news  items  by  writing  to  the  Provincial  Con- 
vener of  Publications,  Miss  Irene  Weirs,  135 
St.  Clair  Ave.  W.,  Toronto. 


ONTARIO 

District  4 
Hamilton: 
Hamilton  General  Hospital: 

Miss  Marjorie  Hawes  is  nursing  in  a 
Red  Cross  outpost  in  Northern  Ontario.  Miss 
Rhea  Zinkhann  is  in  Winnipeg  training  to 
be  a  stewardess  with  Trans-Canada  Air 
Lines.  Miss  Muriel  Suckling  is  with  the  B. 
Greening  Wire  Co.  Miss  Mary  Watson  has 
joined  the  nursing  staff  of  the  Hamilton 
Military  Hospital.  Miss  Elizabeth  MacDo- 
nald  is  with  Dominion  Foundries. 

The  following  marriages  have  recently 
taken  place :  Helen  Grace  McCulloch  to 
Murray  Thomas ;  Lorraine  Gamble  to  Allan 
Anger ;  Arystene  Simons  to  Cpl.  Earl  Weiss. 


District  5 

Have  you  made  yourself  available  for  any 
emergency  in  nursing?  Do  you  need  the 
names  of  nurses  in  your  area  who  have  re- 
gistered for  such  an  emergency?  H  you  live 
in  District  5  contact  the  secretary  of  the 
District. 

The  following  outline  gives  the  work  car- 
ried on  by  Miss  Jean  Mitchell  for  District 
5 :  At  the  request  of  the  Committee  for  Ci- 
vilian Defence,  District  5  made  a  real  at- 
tempt to  register  all  graduate  nurses  active 
and  inactive  in  the  District.  It  was  decided 
that  this  w^ould  require  the  full-time  services 
of  one  person  for  a  month.  A  convener  was 


appointed  who  was  given  leave  of  absence 
from  her  own  work  to  undertake  this  im- 
portant task.  With  the  co-operation  of  the 
press,  the  C.B.C.,  the  clergy,  and  hospital 
staffs,  as  well  as  many  individuals,  a  very 
successful  registration  was  made  of  appro- 
ximately  3500   names. 

It  was  our  chief  aim  to  make  as  many 
contacts  as  possible  so  that  everyone  would 
know  of  this  registration.  Personal  visits 
were  made  to  the  newspaper  offices  and  their 
co-operation  was  excellent.  Permission  was 
granted  from  officials  of  the  various  com- 
munions to  contact  their  ministers  in  order 
that  an  announcement  might  be  made  from 
the  pulpits.  Letters  were  sent  to  the  ministers 
throughout  the  district  and  they  complied 
with  our  request.  Letters  were  sent  to  the 
hospitals  for  lists  of  their  staffs.  Chapters 
and  alumnaes  were  asked  to  reach  as  many 
of  their  membership  as  possible.  A  number 
of  individual  nurses  co-operated  by  con- 
tacting their  friends  and  sending  in  their 
names.  By  the  response  to  our  efforts  it  was 
gratifying  to  know  that  nurses  are  ready 
and  willing  to  give  their  services  in  this  time 
of  national  emergency.  Many  registrations 
were  received  from  nurses  outside  of  our 
district,  some  coming  from  New  York,  Chi- 
cago, and  Alaska,  as  well  as  from  other 
districts  in  Ontario. 

As  a  follow-up  of  this  registration  letters 
were  sent  to  all  registrants  outside  of  the 
Toronto  area  pointing  out  to  them  how  they 
can  be  of  service  in  their  own  community. 
In  Toronto  the  names  were  given  to  the 
Committee  of  Civilian  Defence,  and  letters 
were  sent  to  all  those  who  were  not  already 
registered  with  the  C.D.C. 

We  feel  our  efforts  were  well  worthw'hile, 
and  it  is  indeed  comforting  to  know  that  a 
file  of  graduate  nurses  is  now  ready  in  case 
of  an  emergency  in  any  community  of  our 
District. 


NOVEMBER,   1942 


THE     CANADIAN    NURSE 


For  Those 
Who  Prefer  The  Best 


WHITE  TUBE  CREAM 

will 
Make  Your  Shoes  Last  Longer 

Give   A    Whiter    Finish 

Prove  More  Economical  To  Use. 

Made  in  Canada 

For  Sale  At  All  Good  Shoe  Stores 
From    Coast   to   Coast. 


CHILDREN'S 
MEMORIAL  HOSPITAL 

Montreal,    Canada 

POST-GRADUATE   COURSE 
IN   PAEDIATRIC  NURSING 

A  six-months  course  is  offered  to  Gradu- 
ate Nurses  which  includes  theoretical  in- 
struction, organized  clinical  teaching  and 
experience   in   the  following   services : 

MEDICAL, 

SURGICAL, 

ORTHOPAEDIC, 

INFANT, 

OUT-PATIENT. 

A  special   study    of   the   Normal 
and  Convalescent  Child. 

A     certificate    will     be    granted     upon    the 
successful    completion    of    the  course. 
Classes  admitted  in  the  Spring  and  Fall. 
Full    maintenance    will    be     provided.    No 
extra   remuneration. 

For    further    particulars    apply    to : 

Director  of  Nursing 
Children's   Memorial    Hospital 
MontreaL 


District  7 

Kingston  : 

A  Central  Registry  for  nurses  has  been 
formed  in  Kingston  with  Miss  Emma  Mac- 
Lean  as  registrar.  To  date  there  are  82  re- 
gistered nurses,  six  doctors,  and  six  prac- 
tical nurses  on  its  rolls.  Miss  Madalene  Ba- 
ker recently  visited  Kingston,  and  addressed 
the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Kingston 
Central  Registry  on  the  advantages  of  train- 
ing practical  workers.  She  was  greatly  pleas- 
ed with  the  success  of  the  newly-formed 
registry. 

Kingston  General  Hosfital: 

Nursing  Sister  Lenora  Loyst,  R.C.A.F. 
has  left  for  England  to  take  a  course  in 
plastic  surgery.  She  is  one  of  the  first  Cana- 
dian Air  Force  Sisters  to  leave  this  country. 
Nursing  Sisters  Ann  Davis,  Fern  Baker,  Eli- 
zabeth De  St.  Remy,  Alice  Robertson  and 
Elizabeth  Betts  have  reported  for  duty  in 
South  Africa.  The  following  K.G.H.  nurses 
have  enlisted  recently  with  the  R.C.A.M.C. : 
G.  Brown,  D.  Hallt,  A.  Hewitt,  R.  Bolster, 
J.  Wallace,  P.   Atcheson,  M.  Laturney. 

Ontario  HosfikiU 

Miss  Marion  S.  Crawford,  superintendent 
of  nurses,  has  recently  enHsted  with  the 
R.C.A.M.C.  Miss  Crawford  was  also  chair- 
man of  the  Kingston  Chapter,  District  7, 
R.N.A.O.  Since  her  enlistment  a  re-election 
of  officers  was  held  with  the  results  as 
follows:  chairman,  Miss  E.  G.  Smith;  vice- 
chairman.  Miss  A.  Ardell ;  secretary-treas- 
urer. Miss  Pearl  Gavan.  Miss  Pearl  Gavan 
is  now  acting  superintendent  of  nurses  at 
the  Ontario  Hospital. 

The  sum  of  $142  was  collected  by  the 
nursing  staff  at  the  O.  H.  in  aid  of  the 
British  Nurses  Relief  Fund. 

Hotel  Dieu  Hosfital: 

Nursing  Sister  Margaret  Merkley  has  re- 
ported for  duty  in  South  Africa.  Miss  E. 
Allen  and  Miss  F.  O'Connor  have  enlisted 
with  the  R.C.A.M.C.  Miss  M.  B.  Sullivan 
has  enlisted  with  the   R.CA.F. 


District  10 


Port  Arthur: 

A  regular  monthly  meeting  of  District 
10  was  held  recently  in  the  General  Hospital 
when  Miss  Georgina  Hayes  was  the  guest 
speaker.  Miss  Hayes,  a  member  of  the  staff 
of  the  General  Hospital,  told  of  her  work 
in  the  American  Hospital  in  Paris  prior  to 
the  war,  of  the  great  amount  of  work  done 
by  the  few  doctors  and  nurses  available,  and 
of  how  they  were  constantly  on  the  move 
following  casualties.  After  the  German  oc- 
cupation of  Paris,  she  was  taken  prisoner. 
The    story   of   her   escape   and   of   the   suc- 


Vol.  38,  No.  11 


NEWS     NOTES 


889 


ceediiig  months  when  she  was  trying  to  get 
out  of  Europe  was  extremely  interesting. 

The  annual  meeting  will  be  held  Decem- 
ber 7,  at  the  McKeliar  General  Hospital, 
Fort  William. 

The  following  are  attending  the  School  of 
Nursing,  University  of  Toronto:  Miss  Do- 
rothy Chedister,  of  Port  Arthur  General 
Hospital,  Miss  Louise  Beeman,  of  AIcKellar 
Hospital,  and  Miss  Mary  Proskurniak,  of 
the  Fort  William  Sanatorium  staff. 

The  following  marriages  have  recently 
taken  place:  Ruth  Johnson  (St.  Joseph's 
Hospital,  Port  Arthur)  to  Vernon  Dicks; 
Miss  Nora  Gillespie  (Hospital  for  Sick 
Children)    to  Bruce  Russell. 


QUEBEC 

Montreal: 

Montreal  General  Hospital: 

The  "Spitfire"  group  recently  held  a  rum- 
mage sale  and  netted  the  sum  of  $110,  to 
add  to  their  fund.  The  group,  under  the 
leadership  of  Miss  Gertrude  Calder,  recent- 
ly held  a  sale  of  fancy  articles  and  home- 
made cooking  and  cleared  about  $850,  which 
will  go  to  the  British  Nurses  Relief  Fund. 

Miss  Miriam  Smeltzer  (1942)  has  ac- 
cepted a  position  at  the  Alexandra  Hospital. 
Miss  Hilda  McLeod,  Miss  Margaret  Todd, 
Miss  Olive  Stewart,  Miss  Knowlton,  Miss 
Isabel  Johnston,  all  1942  graduates,  are 
doing  floor  duty  at  the  Western  Division. 
Miss  Luella  Wilbur  (1942)  has  accepted 
a  position  at  the  Royal  Victoria  Montreal 
Maternity  Hospital.  Miss  Margaret  Harri- 
son (1942)  and  Miss  Gibson  (1942)  are 
engaged  in  floor  duty  at  the  central  Division. 
Miss  E.  G.  Perkins  (1942)  has  been  taken 
on  the  staff  of  the  Central  Division  as  one 
of  the  night  supervisors  replacing  Miss 
Simms  who  has  resigned. 

Miss  Marjory  Tupper  (1941)  has  resigned 
from  the  staff  of  the  Central  Division  and 
has  been  accepted  as  a  Nursing  Sister  with 
the  R.C.A.F.  Prior  to  her  leaving,  Miss  Holt 
and  staff  entertained  in  her  honour  and  pre- 
sented her  with  a  suitable  gift.  Miss  Mar- 
guerite O.  Cerat  (1934)  is  now  a  2nd  Lieu- 
tenant with  the  American  Naval  Command, 
33rd  General  Hospital,  Fort  Eustis,  Virgi- 
nia. Miss  Edith  Simms,  Miss  Anna  Christie, 
and  Miss  Katherine  Kindle  (1940)  are  tak- 
ing the  course  in  teaching  and  supervision 
at  the  McGill  School  for  Graduate  Nurses. 
Miss  Simms  and  Miss  Christie  have  been 
awarded  scholarships  from  the  M.G.H.,  and 
Miss  Kindle  from  the  Alexandra   Hospital. 

Married:  Recently,  Miss  Muriel  V.  Hal- 
liday   (1939)   to  Mr.  Marven  C.  Chase. 


Hope 

of  the  Future 

Keep  them  healthy — let  Baby's  Own  Tablets 
help  you.  Pleasant,  simple  tablet  triturates,  they 
can  be  safely  depended  upon  for  relief  of  consti- 
pation, upset  stomach,  teething  fevers  and  other 
minor  ailments  of  babyhood.  Warranted  free  of 
narcotics  and  opiates.  A  standby  of  nurses  and 
mothers  for  over  40  years. 


BABY'S  OWN  Tablets 


TABER'S    CYCLOPEDIC 
MEDICAL    DICTIONARY 

By  C.  W.  Taber.  A  source  book  of 
medical,  surgical  and  nursing  literature. 
Of  everyday  practical  use  to  every  stu- 
dent. For  instance,  all  the  important 
surgical  operations  are  given  with  the 
related  pre-  and  post-operative  care. 
More  than  10,000  doctors  have  pur- 
chased it  within  the  past  four  months 
and  pronounce  it  excellent.  New  edi- 
tion.  $3.25  ;   thumb-indexed   S3.75. 

THE  ART  AND  SCIENCE 
OF  NURSING 

By  Ella  L.  Rothweiler  and  Jean  M. 
White.  This  outstanding  book  for  nurs- 
ing courses  is  arranged  in  well-planned 
units  with  the  needs  of  both  students 
and  instructors  in  mind.  929  pages,  130 
illustrations,   $3.75. 


THE    RYERSON     PRESS 

TORONTO 


NOVEMBER,   1942 


890 


THE     CANADIAN    NURSE 


PROFESSIONAL   RELATIONSHIPS   OF 
THE  NURSE 

By  Helen  F.  Hansen,  R.N.  Executive  Sec- 
retary, Board  of  Nurse  Examiners,  De- 
partment of  Professional  and  Vocational 
Standards,  State  of  California.  382  pages. 
$3.25. 

This  book  assists  the  student  nurse  to  deal 
with  the  problems  she  will  meet  in  her 
daily  life.  It  covers  the  social,  economic 
and  professional  outlook  of  the  nurse.  Such 
topics  are  included  as  the  nurse  as  a  writ- 
er, legal  aspects  of  nursing,  the  nurse  and 
her  reading,  registration  of  nurses,  the 
Alumnae  Association,  making  a  vocational 
choice  in  nursing,  supervision,  teaching  and 
administration,   etc. 

McAinsh  &  Co.  Limited 

Dealers   in    Good   Books   Since  1885 

388  Yonge  Street  Toronto 


Identification 


is  easy  with  CASH'S 
WOVEN  NAMES. 
Sewn  on  or  attached 
with  Cash's  No-So  Ce- 
ment. Most  Hospitals, 
Institutions,  and  Nurses  use  them  in 
preference  to  all  other  methods.  They 
are  the  sanitary,  permanent,  econo- 
mical method  of  marking. 

O  A  C¥¥9C    232  Grier  St. 
W^*»«m    9  Belleville,  Ont. 


CASH'S!  3 doz-$l5p    6doz-$2C0  N(5S0Cement 
NAMES  J  9  doz -$250   I2doz-$300      25«atube 


DOCTORS'  and   NURSES' 
DIRECTORY 

212  Balmoral   St.,  Winnipeg 

A  Directory  for: 

Doctors,  and  Registered  Nurses 

Victorian  Order  of  Nurses 

(night  calls,  Sundays,  and  holidays 

ONLY) 

Practical  Nurses 

Twenty-four  hour  service. 

p.  Brownell,    Reg.    N.,    Registrar 


Mentholatum 
will  quickly  relieve 
—  or  money  back. 
Helps  clear  head 
and  nose . ..  relieves 
nasal  irritation. 
Jars  and  tubes,  30c. 


MENTHOLATUM 

C/Ves  COMFORT />o/7i' 


Royal  Victoria  Hosfital: 

Miss  Madeleine  Flander,  of  the  Children's 
Memorial  Hospital,  w^as  the  guest  speaker 
at  the  October  meeting  of  the  Alumnae  As- 
sociation, when  she  gave  an  interesting  talk 
on   the    Kenny    treatment    for    poliomyelitis. 

Miss  Nan  Lockhart  (1923)  and  Miss 
Kathleen  King  (1924)  are  on  duty  with 
the  New  York-Cornell  Unit.  Miss  Olive 
Rand  (1921)  has  joined  the  Bellevue  Hos- 
pital Unit. 

The  following  marriages  have  recently  ta- 
ken place:  Elsie  Lester  (1923)  to  W.  G.  Ha- 
milton; Pauline  Hall  (Pauline  McBeath, 
1935)  to  Eric  McClafferty;  Miriam  Mac- 
Leod (1942)  to  R.  D.  Adams;  Olive  Bart- 
lett  (1941)  to  Dr.  Thomas  Mathews. 

McGill  School  jar  Graduate  Nurses'. 

This  year,  52  full-time  students  have  re- 
gistered at  the  School,  in  addition  to  a  num- 
ber who  are  taking  partial  courses.  This  is 
the  largest  class  on  record  in  the  history 
of  the  School  —  we  wish  them  much  suc- 
cess in  their  studies. 

Mrs.  George  F.  Harvey  (T.  &  S.',  1942) 
has  resigned  from  the  staff  of  St.  Mary's 
Hospital,  Montreal,  and  has  accepted  an  ap- 
pointment as  instructor  at  the  Jewish  Gen- 
eral Hospital,  Montreal.  Gweneth  Wood- 
burn  (P.H.N.,  1942)  has  been  appointed  as 
nurse  to  the  staff  of  the  Bank  of  Canada, 
Ottawa.  Christine  Anderson  ( P.H.N. ,  1942) 
has  joined  the  Nursing  Service  of  the  R.C.- 
A.ALC.  and  is  stationed  at  Edmonton.  Phyl- 
lis M.  Bridgette  (P.H.N.,  1940)  has  resigned 
from  the  staff  of  the  Child  Welfare  Asso- 
ciation, ^lontreal,  and  has  accepted  an  ap- 
pointment as  industrial  nurse  with  the  Can- 
ada Carbide  Company,  Montreal.  Edna  M. 
Hattie  ( P.H.N. ,  1940)  has  resigned  from 
the  staff  of  the  Royal  Victoria  Montreal 
Maternity  Hospital  (outpatient  clinic)  and 
has  joined  the  Nursing  Service  of  the  R.C.- 
A.ALC.  stationed  at  Halifax. 

The  following  marriages  have  recently 
taken  place:  Nellie  Goodman  (Teaching, 
1935)  to  Keith  T.  McLeod;  Nora  McCoy 
(P.H.N.,  1940)   to  Mr.  Sauter. 


SASKATCHEWAN 

Saskatoon : 

Miss  Ruth  Farnsworth  (Calgary  General 
Hospital,  1940)  is  taking  the  post-graduate 
course  in  teaching  and  supervision  at  the 
McGill  School  for  Graduate  Nurses.  Miss 
Elda  Graham  (S.C.H..  1939)  and  Miss  Edna 
Larmour  (S.C.H.,  1939)  are  taking  super- 
vision courses  at  the  Neurological  Institute 
in  Montreal. 


Vol.  38,  No.  11 


Official  Directory 

International  Council  of  Nurses 
Acting:  Executive  Secretary,  Miss  Calista  F.   Banwarth,   310   Cedar   Street,    New   Haven 

Connecticut,  U.S.A. 

THE  CANADIAN  NURSES  ASSOCIATION 

President    Miss  Marion  Lindeburgh,  3466  University  St.,  Montreal,  P.  Q. 

Past  President     Miss  Grace  M.  Fairley,  Vancouver  General  Hospital,  Vancouver,  B.C. 

First  Vice-President     Miss  Marjorie  Bucic,   Norfolk   General   Hospital,   Simcoe,   Ont. 

Second  Vice-President     Miss  Fanny  Munroe,  Royal  Victoria  Hospital,   Montreal,  P.  Q. 

Honourary  Secretary      Miss  Rae  Chittick,   815 — 18th   Ave.  W.,   Calgary,   Alta. 

Honourary  Treasurer      Miss  Marjorie  Jenkins,  Children's  Hospital,   Halifax,  N.S. 

COUNCILLORS  AND  OTHER  MEMBERS  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 

Num*raU   indicate   office   held:    (1)    President,    Provincial    Nurses    Association; 

(t)Ckairman,  Hotpital  and  School  of  Hurting  Section;   (3)   Chairman,  Public 

Health    Section;     (i)    Chairman,    General    Nursing    Section. 

Alberta:    (1)    Miss    Rae    Chittick,    815-18th    Ave.,  D.  Acton,  Kingston  General  Hospital;   (3)  Miss 

W.,  Calgary;    (2)    Miss  Gena  Bamforth,   Royal  Winnifred    Ashplant,    807    Waterloo    St.,    Lon- 

Alexandra     Hospital,      Edmonton;      (3)     Miss  don;    (4)    Miss    Dorothy    Ogilvie,    34    Gilchrist 

Jean     S.     Clark,     City     Hall,     Calgary;      (4)  St.,   Ottawa. 

Miss  Gertrude  M.  B.  Thorne,  332-2lst  Ave.  W.,  p^j^^^    Edward    Island:    (1)    Miss    K.    MacLennan, 

Calgary.  Provincial      Sanatorium,      Charlottetown ;      (2) 

-  ..  .    ^  .      .-       /.v  »«•      xt    n  te-  ,j    ,«^.  -m    ^  Sr.    St.    John    the    Baptist,    St.    Vincent's    Or- 

Bntish  Columbia:   (1)  Miss  M.  Duffield.  16T5  West  phanage,  Charlottetown;    (3)  Miss  Mary  Leslie, 

10th  Ave.,  Vancouver;   '2)  Miss  F.  McQuarne,  Montague;     (i)    Miss    Eileen    McGough,    152J4 

Vancouver    General     Hospital;     (8)     Miss     F.  gt.  George  St.,  Charlottetown. 
.noes,   1922   Adanac  St.,   Vancouver;    (4)    Mrs. 

E.  B.  Thomson,  1095  West  14th  St.,  Vancouver.  Quebec:  (1)  Miss  Eileen  Flanagan,  3801  Uni- 
.„-.„,..  _,  versity  St..  Montreal;  '2)  Miss  Winnifred  Mac- 
Manitoba:  '1)  Mrs.  A.  C.  McFetndge,  418  Camp-  Lean,  Royal  Victoria  Hospital,  Montreal;  (3) 
bell  St.,  Winnipeg;  (2)  Miss  D.  Ditchfield,  ^fiss  Kathleen  Dickson,  Royal  Edward  Insti- 
Children's  Hospital,  Winnipeg;  (3)  Miss  E.  tute,  Montreal;  (4)  Miss  Anne-Marie  Robert, 
Rowlett,  759  Broadway,  Winnipeg;  (4)  Miss  5484A  St.  Denis  St.,  Montreal. 
E.    Campbell,    778    Ingersoll    St.,    Winnipeg. 

Saskatchewan:    (1)    Miss    M.  R.    Diedenchs,    Grey 

New   Brunswick:  (1)   Sister  Kerr,  Hotel  Dieu  Hos-  Nuns'   Hospital,   Regina;    (2)    Rev.  Sister  Man- 

pital,    Campbellton ;     (2)    Miss    Marion    Myers,  din.   St.  Paul's   Hospital    Saskatoon;    (3)   Miss 

Saint  John  General  Hospital;    (3)   Miss  Muriel  (lladys    McDonald,    6    Mayfair    Apts.,    Regina; 

Hunter,  Dept.  of  Health,  Fredericton;   (4)  Miss  (4)     Miss    M.    R.    Chisholm,    805-7th    Ave.    N., 

Marj'   Harding,    62    Sydney   St.,   Saint   John.  Saskatoon. 

Nova  Scotia:  (1)  Miss  M.  Jenkins.  Children's  Chairmen,  National  Sections:  Hospital  and  School 
Hospital,  Halifax;  (2)  Sister  Mar^r  Peter,  St.  iL^,.  ^FJ'^LSn^'f  Tnrnl?.  Oni-^  S,>  HpTiV^ 
Martha's  Hospital.  Antigonish;  (3)  Miss  Jean  {??^  ^'^y'' F'^'rlt^^Jn  f.Vn^^nVn.J^  Sf^^v^^ 
T?/^.-Ka=  914  R«,r  niricr  Haiifav  ( ±\  \fioa  M  Miss  Lylc  Creclnian,  2570  Spruce  St.,  Van- 
R?nW '  /fi  n.fhlTn  sV^"H^ffax  couver,  B.C.  General  Nursing:  Miss  Madalene 
Ripley,  46  Dubhn  St.,  Halifax.  ^^^^^^  2^g  Victoria  St.,  London.  Ont.  Con- 
Ontario:  '1)  Miss  Mildred  I.  Walker,  Institute  vener,  Committee  on  Nursiiig  Education:  Miss 
of    Public    Health,    London;    '2)    Miss    Louise  E.  K.  Russell,  7  Queen's  Park,    loroiito.  Out. 

Executive  Secretary:   Misa  Jean  S.  Wilton,   National  Office,   1411    Crescent  St.,   Montreal,   P.Q. 
OFFICERS   OF   SECTIONS   OF    CANADIAN    NURSES    ASSOCIATION 
Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing  Section         Co..cii.lok^:^^  Alberta:^^M^^^   ^hri'Lh ^CoLmbU:' 
Chairman:  Miss  Miriam   L.   Gibson.   Hospital  for  Mrs     E.   B     Thonison,    1095   W     '(^^'llVll ^^78* 

Sick   Children,   Toronto,    Ont.    First   Vice-Chair-  ?«":",„     ^.^""wtnninpt*  New   Bmnswick- 

man:    Miss    Eva    McNally,    General    Hospital,  i?.^f  T,"  „!*;;iin^    89 '^Irln^v    St      Sa^TTohn 

Brandon,  Man.  Second  Vice-Chairman :  Miss  M.  Miss   M.    "^rding;   62    S>dney   St     Saint   John. 

Batson,   Montreal   General   Hospital.   Secretary-  S°;;^,^"°"?i„,Ji?'     Mis^^D  ^'o^flvK     sT   GU- 

nitaf  Tew  'Toronto""  oS"'^^'"""'  ''°*"'°  ""'  "hri'  A-      Ottawa.  '''"prLe'^Edw'rd  itlaSl 

pital.    New   Toronto,   Ont.  j^j.^^   ^    McGough,   152%   St.   George   St.,  Char- 

„,.__...      „„  „,  lottetown.     Quebec:   Miss  A.   M.  Robert.   5484A 
Councillors:    Alberta:    Miss    G.    Bamforth,    Kojai  gj.    jjeQjg   gt.,   Montreal.      Saskatchewan:       Miss 
Alexandra        Hospital,        Edmonton.        Brmsh  j^j    R.   Chisholm,   805-7th   Ave   X.,   Saskatoon. 
Columbia:  Miss  F.  McQuarne.   Vancouver   Gen- 
eral   Hospital.     Manitoba:    Miss    D.    Ditchfield,  Public  Health   Section 

Children's   Hospital,  Winnipeg.   New  Brunswick:  »,.       r      /-  ....i „     o«Tn    Cr.,.,,/.^    ct 

Miss   Marion   Myers,   Saint  John    General   Hos-  Chairman:    Miss    L.    Creelman     2570    Spruce    St., 

pital.      Nova     Scotia:      Sr.     Mary     Peter.     St.  Vancouver,     B.     C.     Vice-Chairman :     Mile     A. 

Martha's    Hospital,    Antigonish.    Ontario:    Miss  ^^'^•"«^"T.?n^=^,;.r°.    M^     r      T  anXn      Uni 

L.  D.  Acton,  Kingston  General  Hospital.  Prince  Secretary-Treasurer :    Mrs      G.     Langton,     Unl- 

Edward    Island:    Sr.    St.    John    the    Baptist,    St.  versity   of  British   Columbia    Vancouver,   B    C. 

Vincent's   Orphanage,    Charlottetown.     Quebec:  Cocxcillors:     „  .Alb«^a:          Mi^^  Jean  S.  Clark 

Miss  Winnifred  M^cLean,  Royal  Victoria  Hos-  City    Hall,     Cagar>^     Brmsh    Columbia        Miss 

pital.    Montreal.     Saskatchewan:    Rev.    Sr.    Man-  F\     Innes,      1922      Adanac      St        Vancouver, 

AtT>      Ct      Poi.l'c     HncrvitQl       QaeWntnon  Manitoba:       MlSS      K.      KOWlett,      7o9      Broaoway, 

din,    St.    Pauls    Hospital,    Saskatoon.  Winnipeg.       New    Brunswick:      Miss  M.  Hunter, 

_  I    »r       •         o     ..•  Dept.    of    Health,    Fredericton.        Nova  Scotia: 

General   Nursing  Section  y^^^^    j^^^    Forbes,    314    Roy    Bldg.,    Halifax. 

Chairman:  Miss  M.  Baker,  249  Victoria  St..  Lon-  Ontario:    Miss  W.   Ashplant    807   Waterloo  SU 

don,  Ont.  First  Vice-Chairman:  Miss  P.  Brown-  London        Prince     Edward    Island  .    Miss    Mair 

ell.   212   Balmoral  St.,   Winnipeg,   Man.   Second  Leslie.  ^I?"^«^ue      Ouebec:      Mis*  K.  Didcson, 

Vice-chairman:  Miss  M.  McMullen,  St.  Stephen,  Royal    ^'^^^.^^'^ f.^''^\'^^^l\,^^^^^^ 

N.B.  Secretary-Treasurer;  Miss  A.  Conroy,  404  ^hewan:    MihS   G.   McDonald,   6   Mayfair  Apts., 

Regent  St.,  London,  Ont.  Kegina. 

891 


Provincial  Associations  of  Registered  Nurses 


ALBERTA 

Alberta  Association  of  Registered  Nurses 
Pres.,  Miss  Rae  Chittick,  8 15-1 8th  Ave.  W., 
Calgarj';  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Ida  E.  Johnson, 
Royal  Alexandra  Hospital,  Edmonton;  Sec.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Sister  Beatrice,  St.  Michael's  Hospital, 
Letlibridge;  Sec.-Treas.  &  Registrar,  Mrs.  A.  E. 
Vango.  St.  Stephen's  College,  Edmonton :  Voun- 
ciUor,  Miss  B.  A.  Beattie,  Provincial  Mental  Hos- 
pital, Ponoka;  Chairmen  of  Sections:  Hospital  & 
School  of  Nursing,  Miss  Gena  Bamforth,  Royal 
Alexandra  Hospital,  Edmonton;  Public  Health, 
Miss  Jean  S.  Clark,  City  Hall,  Calgan';  General 
Nursing.  Miss  Gertrude  Thorne,  332-21st  Ave. 
W.,  Calgary;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss 
Violet  Chapman,  Royal  Alexandra  Hospital,  Ed- 
monton. 

Ponoka     District,     No.     2,     Alberta     Association     of 
Registered    Nurses 

Chairman,  Miss  Moira  Foster;  Vice-Chairman, 
Miss  Estelie  Harle;  Secretary-Treasurer,  Miss 
Xessa  Leckie,  Provincial  Mental  Hospital;  Con- 
vener, British  Nurses  Relief  Fund,  Miss  Karen 
Westerlund ;  Representative  to  The  Canadian 
Nurse,   Miss   Olive   Websdale. 

Calgary    District,    No.    3,    Alberta    Association    of 

Registered  Nurses 
Chairman,  Miss  Kathleen  Connor,  Central 
Alberta  Sanatorium;  Vice-Chairman,  Miss  M. 
Deane-Freeman ;  Secretary.  Miss  M.  Richards, 
Holy  Cross  Hospital,  Calgary;  Treasurer,  Miss 
M.  Watt;  Conveners  of  Sections:  Hospital  & 
School  of  Nursing,  Miss  J.  Connal;  Public 
Health,  Miss  A.  Dick;  General  Nursing,  Miss 
G.    Thorne. 

Medicine  Hat  District,  No.  4,  Alberta  Association 
of  Registered  Nurses 
Pres.,  Miss  C.  E.  Mary  Rowles,  M.H.  General 
Hospital;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Hagerman, 
Y.W.C.A.;  Sec.-Treas.  Miss  M.M.  Webster,  558 
Fourth  St.;  Entertainment  Committee:  Miss 
Green,  Miss  Weeks.  Mrs.  D.  Fawcett;  Convener 
&  Treas.  of  Social  Service  Dept.,  Mrs.  G.  Crock- 
ford;  Representatives  to:  Red  Cross:  Misses  J. 
Lus,   E.  Sengh;   War  Council,  Miss  L.  Green. 

Edmonton    District,    No.    7,    Alberta    Association    of 
Registered  Nurses 

Chairman,  Miss  I.  Johnson;  First  Vice-Chair- 
man, Mrs.  O.  Porritt;  Sec.  Vice-Chairman,  Rev. 
Sr.  Clotilda;  Sec,  Miss  G.  Bamforth,  Royal 
Alexandra  Hospital,  Edmonton;  Treas.,  Miss  V 
Leadlay;  Committee  Conveners:  Program,  Miss 
H.  McArthur;  Membership,  Miss  Lindsay;  Reps. 
to:  Local  Council  of  Women,  Miss  V.  Chap- 
man ;   The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  G.   Vicars. 

Lethbridge    District,    No.    8,    Alberta    Association    of 
Registered    Nurses 

Chairman,  Miss  Jean  MacKenzie,  1120  Sixth 
Avenue,  South,  Lethbridge;  Vice-Chairman.  Miss 
Ann  Kostuik;  Secretary,  Miss  Marjorie  Bair, 
Gait  Hospital,  Lethbridge;  Treasurer,  Miss  Ruth 
Hooper. 

BRITISH   COLUMBIA 

Registered    Nurses    Association    of    British    Columbia 

Pres..  Miss  M.  Duf field.  1675-1 0th  Ave.  W.. 
Vancouver;  Fiist  Vice-Pres..  Miss  M.  E.  Kerr; 
Sec.  Vice-Pree..  Miss  O.  M.  Fairley;  Sec,  Miss 
P.  Capelle,  Rm.  1012,  Vancouver  Block,  Van- 
couver: Registrar.  Miss  Evelyn  Mallory,  Rm. 
1012,    Vancouver   Block,   Vancouver;    Councillors: 


Miss  E.  Clark.  Miss  L.  Creelman,  Sr.  Colum- 
kille,  Sr.  M.  Gregory,  Miss  F.  H.  Walker;  Con- 
veners of  Sections:  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing, 
Miss  F.  McQuarrie.  Vancouver  General  Hospital; 
Public  Health,  Miss  F.  Innes,  1922  Adanac  St 
Vancouver;  General  Nursing,  Mrs.  E.  B.  Thom- 
son, 1095  W.  14th  Ave.,  Vancouver;  Press,  Miss 
M.    E.    Macdonell,    2570    Spruce   St.,    Vancouver. 

Vancouver     Island     District 

Victoria    Chapter,    Registered    Nurses    .\ssociation 
of   British    Columbia 

Pres.,  Mrs.  J.  H.  Russell;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Sr.  M.  Claire;  Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  H.  Latornell; 
Rec  Sec,  Miss  G.  AVahl;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  H. 
Unsworth,  Royal  Jubilee  Hospital;  Treas..  Miss 
N.  Knipe;  Conveners:  General  Nursing,  Miss  K. 
Powell;  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing.  Sr.  M 
Gregory;  Public  Health,  Miss  H.  Kilpatrick; 
Directory,  Mrs.  G.  Bothwell;  Finance.  Miss  M. 
Dickson;  Membership,  Sr.  M.  Gabrielle;  Program, 
Miss  D.  Calquhoun;  Publications,  Miss  M.  La- 
turnus;  Nominating,  Miss  L.  Eraser;  Corr.  Dele- 
gate of  Placement  Bureau,  Mrs.  Bothwell;  Re- 
gistrar, Miss  E.  Franks. 

West    Kootenay    District 

Kamloops     Chapter,     Registered     Nurses     Association 
of    British    Columbia 

Pres.,  Mrs.  Markley;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  O.  Gar- 
rood;  Sec,  Miss  E.  Davis.  Royal  Inland  Hos- 
pital; Treas.  Miss  F.  Aberdeen;  Committee  Con- 
veners: Program,  Mrs.  R.  Howard;  Social,  Mrs. 
S.  Dalgleish;  Ways  &  Means,  Miss  M.  Williams; 
Membership,  Miss  Naylor;  Representatives  to 
The  Canadian  Nurse,  Misses  J.  Norquay,  Turn- 
bull. 

Nelson    Chapter.    Registered    Nurses    Association    of 
British  Columbia 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  V.  B.  Eidt;  Pres..  Miss  Turn- 
bull;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  B.  Laing;  Sec.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Miss  B.  Hayden;  Sec.  Miss  H.  Tompkins, 
Kootenay  Lake  Gen.  Hospital;  Treas.,  Miss  G. 
Carr;  Committees:  General  Nursing.  Miss  K. 
Scott;  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  V. 
Eidt;  Public  Health.  Miss  N.  Dunn;  Ways  & 
Means.  Miss  E.  Sutherland;  Social  &  Program, 
Miss  M.  Bower;  Vi.titing,  Miss  N.  Murphy;  Mem- 
bership, Miss  J.  Boutwell;  Library,  Mrs.  A. 
O'Connor:  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  M. 
Ross. 

Trail    Chapter,    Registered    Nurses    Association    of 
British    Columbia 

President,  Miss  Marjory  Fletcher;  Vice-Presi- 
dent. Miss  Edythe  Crosson;  Secretary,  MIsa 
Phyllis  Slader.  Nurses  Residence,  Trail-Tadanac 
Hospital,  Trail:  Treasurer.  Miss  Eileen  Somer- 
ville;  Representative  to  The  Canadian  Nurse, 
Miss    Joyce    Greenwood. 

New    Westminster    Chapter,    Registered    Nurses 
Association    of   British    Columbia 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  C.  E.  Clark;  Pres..  Mrs.  A. 
Way;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  E.  Scott  Grey;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  A.  MacPhail;  Sec,  Miss  E. 
Beatt,  243  Keary  St.;  Treas..  Mrs.  T.  Jones; 
Assist.  Sec.  &  Treas..  Miss  B.  Smith. 

Rossland     Chapter,     Registered     Nurses     Association 
of    British    Columbia 

Hon.  Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  J.  Francis;  Pres.,  Miss 
F.  McLean;  Vice-Pres..  Rev.  Sr.  Bernadette; 
Sec,  Miss  J.  Miller:  Treas.,  Mrs.  T.  Crellin; 
Committee:  Membership.  Miss  McLean:  Pro- 
gram:   Miss    Tompkins,    Mmes    Davies,    Woods; 


OFFICIAL    DIRECTORY 


893 


Social:  Mines  Lonsbury,  Bailey,  Miss  Hood; 
Reps,  to:  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  McLean; 
Community  Chest,  Mrs.  Eccles;  A.R.P.,  Miss 
Hood;  Home  Nursing  Classes,  Mrs.  Lonsbury. 

MANITOBA 

Manitoba  Association  of  Registered  Nurses 
Pres..  Mrs.  A.  C.  McFetridge,  418  Campbell 
St.  Winnipeg;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  E.  McNally, 
Brandon  General  Hospital ;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss 
I.  McDiarmid.  363  Langside  St.,  Winnipeg; 
Board  Members:  Miss  L.  Stewart,  168  Chest- 
nut St.  Winnipeg;  Miss  H.  Coram,  172  Chest- 
nut St.  Winnipeg;  Miss  P.  Hart,  320  Sherbrooke 
St.,  Winnipeg;  Miss  C.  Lynch,  Winnipeg  General 
Hospital ;  Miss  L.  Nordquist,  Carman  General 
Hospital;  Miss  A.  McKee,  604  Medical  Arts 
Bldg.,  Winnipeg;  Mrs.  F.  Wagner,  Grace  Hos- 
pital, Winnipeg;  Miss  A.  O'Brien.  Souris  &  Glen- 
wood  Memorial  Hospital ;  Rev.  Sister  Clermont, 
St.  Boniface  Hospital;  Conveners  of  Sections: 
Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  D.  Ditchfield, 
Children's  Hospital,  Winnipeg;  Public  Health, 
Miss  E.  Rowlett.  759  Broadway,  Winnipeg; 
General  Nursing,  Miss  E.  Campbell,  778  Inger- 
soU  St.,  Winnipeg;  Committee  Conveners:  Instruc- 
tors Group,  Miss  A.  Carpenter,  Children's  Hos- 
pital, Winnipeg;  Social,  Mrs.  W.  S.  McElheran, 
969  Dominion  St.,  Winnipeg;  Legislative,  Miss 
E.  Wilson,  668  Bannatyne  Ave.,  Winnipeg; 
Membership,  Miss  D.  Earle,  Victoria  Hospital 
Winnipeg;  F.N.M.  Loan  Fund,  Miss  Z.  Beattie, 
St.  Boniface  Hospital;  Directory,  Miss  Besant, 
Victoria  Hospital,  Winnipeg;  British  Nurses  Re- 
lief Fund,  Mrs.  T.  Hulme,  20  Waldron  Apts. 
Winnipeg;  Visiting,  Mrs.  W.  Hryhorchuk,  Grace 
Hospital,  Winnipeg:  Representatives  to:  Council 
of  Social  Agencies,  Miss  F.  Robertson,  753  Wolse- 
ley  Ave.,  Winnipeg;  Red  Cross,  Miss  C.  Maddin 
187  Kennedy  St.,  Winnipeg;  The  Canadian  Nurse, 
Miss  L.  Stewart,  168  Chestnut  St..  Winnipeg; 
Local  Council  of  Women,  Mrs.  B.  Moffatt.  1183 
Dorchester  Ave.,  Winnipeg;  Executive  Secretary 
and  School  of  Nursing  Advisor,  Miss  Gertrude 
Hall,    212   Balmoral   St.,   Winnipeg. 

NEW  BRUNSWICK 

New  Brunswick  Association  of  Registered  Nurses 
Pres..  Rev.  Sister  Kerr.  Hotel-Dieu  Hospital, 
Campbellton :  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  L.  Smith; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  R.  Follis;  Hon.  Sec,  Miss 
M.  McMuIlen;  Conveners  of  Sections:  Public 
Health.  Miss  M.  Hunter;  General  Nursing,  Miss 
M.  Harding;  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss 
M.  Myers;  Conveners  of  Committees:  Advisory 
Committee  of  Schools  of  Nursing,  Miss  A.  F. 
Law;  Legislat'on,  Miss  D.  Parsons;  The  Cana- 
dian Nurse,  Miss  X.  Wallace;  Reps,  to  National 
Committees:  Health  Insurance  &  Nursing  Service, 
Miss  B.  L.  Gregory:  Historv  of  Nursing.  Miss  A. 
Bums;  Eight-Hour  Dutii.  Miss  M.  McMullen:  Ex- 
change of  Nurses,  Miss  M.  Myers:  Reps,  of  Chap- 
ters *c  Distri'ts:  Miss  A.  J.  >iacMaster,  Moncton : 
Rev.  Sr.  Saint  Stanislaus,  Chatham:  Secretary- 
Registrar,  Miss  Alma  Law,  Health  Centre,  Saint 
John. 

NOVA  SCOTIA 

Registered    Nurses    Assoriation    of    Nova    Sroi'i 

Pres.,  Miss  Marjorie  Jenkins,  Children's  Hos- 
pital, Halifax;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  D.  J.  Gillis, 
Vickers  Lane,  Sydney  Mines;  Sec.  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  Jane  Watkins,  03  Henry  St..  Halifax;  Third 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  A.  E.  Richardson,  Blanchard- 
Fraser  Memorial  Hospital,  Kentville;  Rec.  Sec, 
Miss  Lilliuip  Grafly.  Halifax  Infirmary.  Halifax; 
Registrar  -  Treasurer  -  Corresponding  Secretary, 
Miss  Jean  C.  Dunning.  413  Dennis  Bldg.,  Hali- 
fax; Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Mrs.  Dorothy 
Luscombe,    364   Spring  Garden   Rd.,    Halifax. 

ONTARIO 

Registered    Nurses    Association    of    Ontario 
Pres..  Miss  Mildred  L  Walker;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Miss    J.    Masten;    Sec.    Vice-Pres.,    Miss    M.    B. 
Anderson;     Sec.-Treas.,     Miss    Matilda     E.     Fitz- 


gerald, Rm.  630,  86  Bloor  St.  W.,  Toronto;  Chair- 
men of  Sections:  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing, 
Miss  L.  D.  Acton,  Kingston  General  Hospital; 
General  Nursing,  Miss  D.  Ogilvie.  34  Gilchrist 
Ave..  Ottawa;  Public  Health,  Miss  W.  Ashplant, 
807  Waterloo  St.,  London;  Chairmen  of  Districts: 
Mrs.  C.  Salmon,  Miss  M.  Bliss  Miss  M.  Buchan- 
an, Miss  K.  McNamara,  Miss  L  Shaw,  Miss  M. 
Crawford,  Miss  M.  Stewart,  Miss  J.  Smith,  Miss 
M.  Buss. 

Dittrict    1 

Chairman,  Mrs.  C.  I.  Salmon;  First  Vlce- 
Chairman,  Major  D.  Barr;  Sec. — Treas.,  Miss 
A.  Kenny.  Aberdeen  Hotel.  Chatham ;  Coun- 
cillors: Misses  Stewart,  Wightman,  Rathwell, 
Shaw,  Perrin,  Gray,  Mrs.  Wilson;  Conveners: 
Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  P.  Camp- 
bell; General  Nursing,  Miss  H.  O'Mahoney; 
Public  Health,  Miss  M.  Armstrong;  Enrolment, 
Miss  D.  Birrell. 

Districts   2   and   3 

Chairman.  Miss  M.  F.  Bliss:  First  Vice-Chair- 
man,  Mrs.  K.  Cowie;  Sec.-Treas.,  Miss  H.  D. 
Muir,  Brantford  General  Hospital;  Councillors: 
Misses  E.  Eby,  F.  McKenzie,  C.  Attwood,  M. 
Grieve,  L.  Trusdale,  G.  Westbrook;  Section  Con- 
veners: General  Nursing,  Miss  E.  Clark;  Hos- 
pital &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  J.  Watson; 
Public  Health.  Miss  M.   Hackett. 

District   4 

Chairman,  Miss  M.  Buchanan;  First  Vice- 
Chairman,  Miss  E.  Ewart:  Sec  Vice-Chairman, 
Miss  A.  Scheifele;  Sec.-Treas.,  Miss  G.  Coul- 
thart,  192  Wellington  St.  N.,  Hamilton;  Coun- 
cillors: Sister  Mar^-^  Grace,  Misses  Brewster, 
Cameron.  Wright.  Mrs.  Day,  N/S  Boyd ;  Con- 
veners: Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Sr.  Eileen; 
Public  Health.  Miss  H.  Snedden ;  General  Nurs- 
ing    Miss   S.   Murray;   Emergency  Nursing,  Mrs. 

A.  Haygarth. 

District   5 

Chairman,  Miss  K.  McNamara;  First  Vlee- 
Chairman.  Miss  P.  Morrison ;  Sec.-Treas.,  Mrs.  G. 
L.  Williamson  24  Drake  Cres.,  Scarboro  Bluffs; 
Councilfors:  Misses  L  Weirs,  G.  Jones,  J.  Mit- 
chell. E.  Grant,  R.  Russell,  A.  Reddon ;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  General  Nursing,  Miss  M. 
Hughes;  Public  Health,  Miss  L.  Pettigrew;  Hos- 
pital &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  B.  MacPhedran. 

District   6 

Chairman,  Miss  I.  Shaw:  First  Vice-Chairman, 
Miss  M.  McKenzie;  Sec.  Vice-Chairman,  Miss  E. 
Covert;  Third  Vice-Chairman.  Miss  E.  Wright; 
Sec.-Treas.,  Miss  V.  Taylor,  General  Hospital,  Co- 
bourg:  Conveners:  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing, 
Miss  E.  Young;  General  Nursing,  Mrs.  E.  Brack- 
enri'ge;  Public  Health,  Miss  H.  McGearj';  Mem- 
bership, Miss  N.  Brown;  Enrolment,  Miss  E. 
Meeks;    Finance,  Miss   F.   Fitzgerald. 

District    7 

Chairman,  Miss  M.  Cra^vford;  Vice-Chairman, 
Miss  E.  Ardill;  Sec.-Treas.,  Miss  E.  Sharp,  King- 
ston General  Hospital;  Councillors:  Misses  E. 
Freeman.  V.  Manders.  Hanna,  E.  Moffatt,  Ga- 
vRn.  Rev.  Sr.  Donovan:  Conveners:  Hospital  & 
School  of  Nursing,  Mi.ss  L.  Acton ;  General 
Nursing,  Miss  E.  MacLean ;  Public  Health,  Miss 
D.    Storms;    Rep.   to    The   Canadian   Nurse,   Miss 

B.  Coulter. 

District    8 

Chairman,  Miss  M.  Stewart;  First  Vice-Chair- 
man, Rev.  Sr.  M.  Evangeline;  Sec.  Vice-Chair- 
man, Miss  P.  Walker;  Sec.-Treas..  Miss  J.  Stock, 
3P0  Chapel  St.,  Ottawa;  Covnrillors:  Misses  I. 
x\llen.  L.  Brale,  W.  Cooke.  V.  Foran,  M.  Lowry, 
H.  O'Meara:  Conveners:  Hospital  &  School  of 
Nursing,    Rev.    Sr.    St.    Godfrey;    Public   Health, 


894 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


Miss  C.  Livingston;  General  Nursing,  Miss  F. 
Nevins;  Pembroke  Chapter,  Mrs.  B.  Kipke;  Corn- 
wall Chapter,  Miss  M.  M^Whinnie;  Rep.  to  The 
Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  H.  Tanner. 

District    9 

Chairman.  Miss  J.  Smitii,  Gravenhurst;  First 
Vice-Ciiairnian.  Miss  K.  MacKenzie,  Nortli  Bay; 
Sec.  Vice-Cliairman,  Miss  A.  McGregor,  Sault 
Ste.  Marie;  Sec,  Miss  F.  Geddis.  Plumnier 
Memorial  Hospital.  Sault  Ste.  Marie;  Treaa., 
Miss  R.  Buchanan,  Sanitarium  P.  0.;  Conveners: 
Public  Health,  Miss  H.  E.  Smith,  New  Liskeard; 
Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  A.  Riordan, 
Sudbury;  General  Ninsing,  Mrs.  E.  Sheridan, 
Sudbury:  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Sr.  Teresa  of 
the   Sacred    Heart,   Sault  Ste.   Marie. 

District    10 

Chairman,  Miss  M.  Buss,  The  Sanatorium,  Fort 
William;  Vice-Chairman,  Miss  B.  Roberts;  Sec- 
Treas.,  Miss  D.  Chedister,  General  Hospital,  Port 
Arthur;  Councillor,  Miss  A.  Baillie;  Committee 
Conveners:  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss 
M.  Flanagan;  Public  Health,  Miss  E.  Newson; 
General  Nursing,  Miss  I  Morrison;  Program  Com- 
mittee:  Misses    V.    Lovelace,    H.   MacNaughton. 

PRINCE    EDWARD    ISLAND 

Prince  Edward  Island  Registered  Nurses 
Association 
Pres.,  Miss  Katharine  MacLennan,  Provincial 
Sanatorium,  Charlottetown ;  Vice-Pres..  Miss  Ma- 
ry Devereaux,  New  Haven;  Sec,  Miss  Anna 
Mair.  P.E.I.  Hospital,  Charlottetown;  Treas.  & 
Registrar,  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Magdalen,  Charlottetown 
Hospital;  Chairmen  of  Sections:  Hospital  & 
School  of  Nursing,  Miss  Georgie  Brown,  Prince 
Co.  Hospital,  Summerside;  General  Nursing,  Miss 
Dorothy  Hennessey,  Charlottetown  Hospital. 
Charlottetown;  Public  Health,  Miss  Margaret 
Darling,    Alberton. 

QUEBEC 

Aasociation    of    Registered    Nurses    of    the    Province 
of     Quebec      (Incorporated,     1920) 

President,  Miss  Eileen  C.  Flanagan ;  Vice- 
President  (English),  Miss  Mabel  K.  Holt;  Vice- 
President  (French),  Rev.  Soeur  Valerie  de  la 
Sagesse ;  Honourary  Secretary,  Mile  Alice  Al- 
bert; Honourary  Treasurer,  Miss  Fanny  Munroe; 
Members  without  Office :  Misses  Marion  Nash, 
Mary  Ritchie,  Miles  Maria  Roy,  Maria  Beaumier, 


Annonciade  Martineau;  Advisory  Board:  Misses 
Jean  Wilson.  Marion  Lindeburgh,  Catherine  M. 
Ferguson,  Esther  M.  Beith.  Rev.  Soeur  Marie  de 
I'Eucharistie  (Quebec),  Miles  Edna  Lynch.  Ju- 
liette Trudel;  Conveners  of  Sections:  General 
Nursing  (French),  Mile  Anne-Marie  Robert, 
5484A  St.  Denis  St.,  Montreal;  Hospital  &  School 
of  Nursing  (English).  Miss  Winnifred  MacLean, 
Royal  Victoria  Hospital,  Montreal;  Hospital  & 
School  of  Nursing  (French),  Rev.  Soeur  Decary, 
H6pilal  Notre-Dame,  Montreal;  Public  Health 
(English),  Miss  Kathleen  Dickson,  Royal  Edward 
Institute,  Montreal;  Public  Health  (French), 
Mile  Marie  Euphemie  Cantin,  4642  St.  Denis  St. 
Montreal;  Board  of  Exam  ners:  Miss  Mary  Ma- 
thewson  (convener),  Misses  Norena  S.  Mackenzie, 
Madeleine  PMander,  Miles  Alexina  Marchessault, 
Anysie  Delanci,  R^v.  Soeur  Marie  Claire  Rheault; 
b-xei-uUve  secjetary.  Registrar  &  Official  School 
Visitor.  Mis.s  E.  Frances  Upton,  Ste.  nuy.  Med- 
ical Arts  Bldg.,  Montreal. 

SASKATCHEWAN 

Saskatchewan  Registered  Nurses  Association 
(Incorporated  1917) 
Pres.,  Miss  M.  R.  Diederichs,  Regina  Grey  Nuns' 
Hospital;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  E.  Ingham, 
Moose  Jaw  General  Hospital ;  Sec.  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  E.  R.  Pearston,  Melfort;  Councillors: 
Miss  M.  E.  Grant,  922-9th  Ave.  N..  Saskatoon; 
Rev.  Sister  Hildegarde,  St.  Elizabeth's  Hospital, 
Humboldt:  Chairmen  of  Sections:  General 
Nursing,  Miss  M.  R.  Chisholm,  805-7th  Ave.  N., 
Saskatoon;  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Rev. 
Sister  Mandin,  St.  Paul's  Hospital,  Saskatoon; 
Public  Health.  Miss  Gladys  McDonald.  6  Mayfair 
Apts.,  Regina;  Secretary-Treasurer,  Registrar 
and  Advisor,  Schools  for  Nurses,  Miss  K.  W. 
Ellis,    University    of    Saskatchewan,    Saskatoon. 

Regina    Registered    Nurses    Association 

Hon.  Pres.  Sister  Tougas;  Pres.,  Miss  M. 
McRae;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  D.  Lewis;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.  Mrs.  Storey;  Sec,  Mrs.  M.  Stocker, 
22  Qu'Appelle  Apts.;  Ass.-Sec,  Miss  V.  Kiesel; 
Treas.  &  Registrar.  Mrs.  H.  Regan:  Conveners: 
Kegistry,  Miss  Grad;  Program:  Misses  Sharpt 
Blackwood;  Membership:  Miss  McLaughlin,  Mrs. 
Racette;  Social.  Misses  Wilkins.  Brown;  General 
Nursing,  Miss  Sissons ;  Wosp/fa/ &  School  of  Nur- 
sing, Miss  Thompson;  Public  Health  Miss  Riley; 
Finance,  Mrs.  Deverell;  War  Services,  Miss  Spel- 
liscy;  Sick  Nurses.  Misses  Tumbull,  Martin;  The 
Canadian  Nurse,  Miss   Winning. 


Alumnae  Associations 


ALBERTA 

A. A.,    Calgary    General    Hospital,    Calgary 

Hon.  Pres.,  Misses  S.  Maddonald.  A.  Hebert; 
Hon.  Members:  Misses  M.  Moodie,  J.  Murphy,  A. 
Casey;  Pres.  Mrs.  A.  Warrington;  First  Vice- 
Pres..  Mrs.  G.  McPherson;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs. 
T.  Ellis;  Rec.  Sec,  Mrs.  J.  Mclntyre;  Corr. 
Sec,  Miss  J.  Cumming,  238  Crescent  Rd.;  Treas., 
Mrs.  B.  Charles;  Membership,  Mrs.  A.  Wilson; 
Press,  Miss   C.   Rose. 

A.A.,    Holy    Cross    Hospital,    Calgary 

President.  Mrs.  Cyril  Holloway;  First  Vice- 
President,  Mrs.  D.  Overand;  Second  Vice-Presi- 
dent. Miss  L.  Aiken;  Recording  Secretary.  Mrs. 
B.  McAdani;  Corresponding  Secretary,  Mrs.  J. 
E.  Hood.  211  Anderson  Apts.;  Treasurer,  Mrs. 
E.   Bragg. 

A.A.,  Edmonton  General  Hospital,  Edmonton 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sr.  M.  O'Grady,  Sr.  F.  Neuhausel; 
Pres.,  Miss  E.  Bietsch;   First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  R. 


Price;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  J.  Slavik,  E.G.H.;  Rec. 
Sec,  Miss  A.  Strochinskl;  Treas.,  Miss  E. 
Wallsmith;  Private  Duty,  Miss  M.  Hozak;  Visit- 
ing Committee:  Misses  Nelson,  Deschatelets ; 
Standing  Committee:  Misses  Kuntz.  Beaton, 
Barden,   Ryan.   Mrs.   Lowing. 

A. A.,    Royal    Alexandra   Hospital,    Edmonton 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  M.  Eraser;  Pres.,  Mlsa 
EInarson;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  I.  Johnson; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  R.  Boyd;  Rec.  Sec.  Mrs. 
M.  Hall;  Corr.  Sec,  Mrs.  W.  White.  R.A.H.; 
Treas.,  Miss  F.  Toby;  Committee  Conveners: 
Program.  Mrs.  J.  White;  Visiting,  Miss  T. 
Holm;  Social,  Miss  K.  Dunlop;  News  Letter, 
Miss  A.  Piercy;  Benefit,  Miss  I.  Johnson; 
Scholarship.  Miss  G.  Allyn;  Executive:  Miss  A. 
Anderson,   Mmes   J.    F.   Thompson,   P.   Baker. 

A.A.,    University    of    Alberta    Hospital,     Edmonton 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  Helen  S.  Peters;  Pres.,  Miss 
G.  Vickers:  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  A.  Whybrow;  Rec. 
Sec,  Miss  D.  Russell;  Corr.  Sec.  Mrs.  N.  Alexan 


OFFICIAL    DIRECTORY 


895 


der,  il045-82nd  Ave.;  Treas.  Miss  M.  Baxter; 
Social  Convener,  Mrs.  F.  Beddome;  Rep.  io  Press, 
Mrs.  N.  Pounrl;  Erecuiive  Committee:  Misses  M. 
Strachan,    A.    Revell.    B.    Sloane. 

A. A.,   Lamont   Public   Hospital,   Lamont 

Honourary  President,  Miss  F.  E.  Welsh,  Gode- 
rich,  Ont.;  President,  Mrs.  R.  H.  Shears;  First 
Vice-President,  Mrs.  G.  Archer;  Second  Vice- 
President.  Mrs.  G.  Harrolid:  Secretary-Treas- 
urer, Mrs.  B.  I.  Love,  Elk  Island  National  Park, 
Lamont;  News  Editor,  Mrs.  Peterson,  Hardisty; 
Convener,  Social  Committee,  Miss  Ada  Sandell. 

A.A.,     Vegreviile     General     Hospital,     Vegreville 

Hon.  President,  Sister  Anna  Keohane:  Hon. 
Vice-President.  Sister  J.  Boisseau;  President, 
Mrs.  Stanley  Walker,  Vegreville;  Vice-President. 
Mrs.  Rennie  Landry,  Vegreville;  Secretary- 
Treasurer,  Miss  Annie  Askin,  Box  213,  Vegre 
ville;    Visiting   Committee    (cho.sen    monthly). 

BRITISH   COLUMBIA 

A. A.,    St.    Paul's    Hospital,    Vancouver 

Hon.  Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Phlllipe;  Hon.  Vlce- 
Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Columbkille;  Pres.,  Miss  J. 
Mitchell;  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  F.  Engby;  Sec,  Miss 
B.  Falk,  3776-33  Ave.  W;  Treas.,  Miss  E.  Atter- 
bine;  Registrar,  Miss  Stewart;  Committee  Con- 
veners: Social,  Miss  Walters;  Program,  Miss  M. 
Bell;  Visiting,  Miss  McCauley;  Mutual  Benefit, 
Miss  McGee :  Press,  Miss  N.  Johnson ;  Rep.  to 
The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  C.   Bryant. 

A.A..   Vancouver  General    Hospital,   Vancouver 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  G.  Fairley;  Pres.,  Miss  F. 
Innes;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  L.  Creelman;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  A.  Grundy;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  N. 
Cunningham;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  L.  Lore,  1589  E. 
Broadway;  Treas.,  Mrs.  F.  L.  Faulkner;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  Mutual  Benefit,  Miss  M.  Ed- 
wards; Visiting.  Mrs.  M.  Appleby;  Social,  Mrs. 
G.  E.  Gillies:  Membership.  Miss  W.  Neen;  Re- 
freshment. Miss  S.  McDiarmid;  Program,  Mrs. 
R.  Stevens;   Rep.  to  Press,  Miss  M.  Mcdonnell. 

A.A.,    Royal    Jubilee    Hospital,    Victoria 

President,  Mrs.  D.  J.  Hunter;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Mrs.  D.  MacLoud;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  R.  Kirk- 
endale:  Sec,  Mrs.  J.  A.  McCague,  3106  Glas- 
gow Ave.,;  Assist.  Sec.  Miss  M.  Bawden;  Treas. 
Mrs.  Jack  Boorman.  2957  Foul  Bay  Rd.;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  Visiting,  Mrs.  F.  Hall;  Mem- 
bership, Mrs.  J.  Boorman;  Rep.  to  Press,  Miss 
D.  Van. 

A. A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    Victoria 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sr.  M.  Kathleen;  Hon.  Vice-Pres., 
Sr.  M.  Gregory;  Pres.,  Mrs.  G.  R9se;  Vice- 
Pres.,  Mrs.  J.  Grant;  Sec  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  J. 
Welch;  Rec  Sec.  Mrs.  J.  Stokes;  Corr.  :>ec. 
Miss  G.  Wahl.  St.  Joseph's  Hospital;  Treas.. 
Miss  M.  Murphy;  Press,  Miss  J.  Cooney;  Coun- 
cillors:  Mmes  Ridewood,  Bryant,  Sinclair,  Lewis; 
Vital   Statistics,    Miss    Cniickshank. 

MANITOBA 

A.A.,   St.   Boniface   Hospital,   St.   Boniface 

Hon.  Pres..  Rev.  Sr.  Superior;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Mrs.  W.  Crosby;  Pres.,  Mrs.  W.  McEl- 
heran;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  S.  Wright;  Sec 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  W.  Grice;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  H. 
Falrbaim;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  D.  Webster,  181 
River  Ave..  Winnipeg;  Treas..  Miss  H.  Oliver; 
Archivist,  Miss  Margason ;  Advisory  Committee: 
Miss  MacCaUum,  Mme's  McElheran.  Greville. 
Groelle.  L'Eucyer.  Rev,  Sr.  Superior;  Conveners: 
Visiting,  Miss  Johnson;  Social  &  Program,  Miss 
Rungay;  Membership,  Miss  Vandecar;  Reps,  to 
The    Canadian    Nurse,    Miss    Watson:    M.A.R.N., 


Miss  Troendle;  Man.  Directory,  Mrs.  Shlnmow- 
skl;    Local  Council  of   Women,   Mrs.   Shankman. 

A. A.,    Children's    Hospital,    Winnipeg 

Pres.,  Mrs.  W.  Stewart;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss 
M.  Perley;  Rec  Sec,  Miss  E.  Hyndman;  Corr. 
Sec,  Miss  E.  Young.   91    Home  St.;  Treas.,  Miss 

B.  Thain,  21  Stratford  Hall;  Conveners:  Program, 
Miss  M.  Smith;  Ways  &  Means,  Mrs.  H.  Moore; 
Visiting  &  Red  Cross,  Mrs.  Campbell;  Member- 
ship, Miss  R.  Hutton ;  News  Editor,  Mrs.  G.  Jack. 

A. A.,    Winnipeg    General    Hospital.    Winnipeg 

Hon.  Pres.,   Mrs.   A.  W.  Moody;   Pres.,  Miss 

C.  Lethbridge;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  K.  Mc- 
Learn ;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.  Miss  E.  Wilson ;  Third 
Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  S.  Ward;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  J. 
Smith;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  A.  Robertson,  112 
Royal  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  F.  Stratton;  Committee 
Conveners:  Program,  Mrs.  C.  Kershaw;  Member- 
ship, Miss  A.  Porter;  Visiting,  Miss  G.  Me- 
Keevor;  Journal,  Mrs.  S.  G.  Horner;  Archivist, 
Miss  M.  Stewart;  Jubilee,  Miss  P.  Bonnar;  Reps. 
to:  School  of  Nursing  Committee,  Miss  G.  Hall; 
The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  H.  Smith;  Doctors  & 
Nurses  Directory,  Miss  A.  Howard;  Local  Council 
of  Women;  Mmes  Thomas,  Randall;  Council  of 
Social  Agencies,  Mrs.   A.   Speirs. 


NEW   BRUNSWICK 

A.A.,  Saint  John  General   Hospital,  Saint  John 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  J.  Mitchell;  Pres.,  Miss 
G.  Brown;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  H.  L.  Ellis; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  S.  Hartley;  Sec,  Miss  F. 
Congdon,  S.J.G.H.;  Treas.,  Miss  H.  Tracy, 
S.J.G.H.;  Assist.  Treas.,  Miss  R.  Wilson;  Exe- 
cutive: Misses  M.  Murdoch,  P.  White,  B.  Bain, 
Mrs.  J.  Wilson. 

A. A.,    L.    P.    Fisher   Memorial    Hospital,    Woodstock 

President,  Mrs.  Hebec  Inghram;  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Mrs.  Wendall  Slipp,  Chapel  Street;  Se- 
cretary, Mrs.  Arthur  Peabody;  Treasurer,  Miss 
Nellie  Wallace;  Executive  Committee:  Miss  Mar- 
garet Parker,  Miss  Evelyn  Briggs,  Miss  Mabel 
Howe. 

NOVA    SCOTIA 

A.A.,   Glace   Bay   General    Hospital,   Glace    Bay 

Pres.,  Mrs.  C.  MacPherson ;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  K.  Davidson ;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  F.  Mac- 
Kinnon ;  Rec.  Sec,  Mrs.  W.  Bishop ;  Corr.  Sec, 
Miss  Flora  Anderson,  General  Hospital;  Treas., 
Mrs.  John  Kerr ;  Visiting  Committee :  Mrs.  G. 
Turner,   Mrs.   L.   Buffett, 

A.A.,    Halifax    Infirmary,    Halifax 

Pres.,  Miss  Dorothy  Turner;  Vice-Pres.,  Mi»j 
Rita  Maclnnes;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  Elisabeth  Mac- 
Dougall;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  Loretta  Pertus.  111% 
Morris  St.;  Treas..  Miss  Gertrude  Shortall; 
Committee  Conveners:  Visiting,  Miss  Eisen- 
hauer:  Entertainment,  Miss  Mary  Ready;  Press, 
Miss  Margaret  Grant;  Librarian,  Miss  Shofer; 
Nominating,  Mrs.   Power. 

A. A.,     Victoria     General     Hospital,     Halifax 

Pres..  Miss  Agnes  Cox.  Tuberculosis  Hospi- 
tal; Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  E.  MacQuade;  Sec.  Miss 
Grace  Porter.  267  South  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  Helen 
Joncas,  Victoria  General  Hospital:  Committee 
Conveners:  Entertainment,  Misses  M.  Ripley,  A. 
Power;  Refreshments,  Mrs.  Cullen.  Miss  Ger- 
vaise;  Visiting,  Misses  G.  Byers.  H.  Watson; 
Private    Duty.    Miss    Isobel    Macintosh. 


896 


THE     CANADIAN     NURSE 


ONTARIO 

A. A.,     Belleville     General     Hospital,     BellevilU 

Pres..  Miss  D.  Williams;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss 
\.  DiCola;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Peacock; 
Sec.  Miss  Edna  Sullivan.  General  Hospital; 
Treas..  Miss  M.  Leur>';  Registrar.  Miss  M.  Dun- 
can; Committee  Conveners:  Flowers,  Miss  D. 
Hogle ;  Social,  Miss  D.  Warren ;  Program,  Miss 
M.  Fitzgerald;  Eep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse  & 
Press,    Miss   M.   Plumton. 

A. A.,      Brantford      General      Hospital,      Brantford 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  M.  McKee;  Pres..  Mrs.  G. 
A.  Grierson;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  H.  Cuff;  Sec, 
Miss  I.  Feely,  B.G.H.;  Treas.,  Miss  L.  Burtch; 
Committee  Conveners:  Social:  Mnies  G.  Thomp- 
son, L.  Sturgeon;  Flower:  Misses  N.  Yardley,  R. 
Moffat;  Gift:  Misses  K.  Charnley,  V.  Buckwell; 
Reps,  to:  General  Nursing  Section,  Miss  D. 
Rashleigh;  Red  Cross.  Miss  0.  Gowman;  Local 
Council  of  Women:  Mmes  G.  Barber,  R.  Smith, 
Miss  P.  Cole;  The  Canadian  Nurse  &  Press,  Miss 
M.    Copeland. 

A.A.,    Brockville    General    Hospital,    Brockville 

Hon.  Presidents,  Misses  A.  Shannette.  E. 
Moffatt;  Pres.,  Mrs.  M.  White;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Mrs.  W.  Cooke;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  L.  Merkley; 
Sec,  Miss  H.  Corbett.  127  Pearl  St.  E.:  As«. 
Sec,  Mrs.  E.  Finlay;  Treas.,  Mrs.  H.  Van  Dusen; 
Committee  Conveners:  Social,  Mrs.  H.  Green; 
Flower,  Miss  Kendrick;  Program,  Mrs.  Derry; 
Rep.   to   The  Canadian  Nurse,   Miss  Corbett. 

A. A.,  Public  General  Hospital,  Chatham 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  P.  Campbell ;  Pres..  Miss  L. 
Hastings;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  F.  Armstrong; 
Rec  Sec.  .Mi§s  V.  Carnes;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  M. 
Gilbert.  104  Harvey  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  J.  Rickard; 
Committees:  Flowers:  Miss  Malott;  Social:  Miss 
Purcell.  Mrs.  Goldrick;  Refreshments:  Mrs. 
Bourne.  Miss  Houston;  Councillors:  Misses  Head. 
Dyer.  Baird.  McNaughton ;  Reps,  to  Press:  Miss 
Patterson ;   The  Canadian  Nurse :  Miss  L.  Smyth. 

A.A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    Chatham 

Hon.  Pres..  Mother  M.  Pascal;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres..  Sister  M.  St.  Anthony;  President,  Miss 
Hazel  Gray;  First  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  A.  E.  Ro- 
berts: Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  May  Boyle;  Secre- 
tary-Treasurer. Miss  Mary-Clare  Zink.  i  Robert- 
son Ave.:  Corr.  .Sec.  Miss  Anne  Kenny;  Repre- 
sentative to  The  Canadian  Nurse.  M'ss  Ursula 
O'Neill. 

A.A.,    Cornwall    General    Hospital,    Cornwall 

Hon.  Pres.,  ISfiss  H.  C.  Wilson;  Pres.,  Mrs.  M. 
Quail;  First  Vice  Pres.,  Mrs.  F.  Gunther;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  E.  Wagoner;  Sec.-Treas.,  Miss 
E.  Allen,  4-3rd  St.  E. ;  Committee  Conveners: 
Program  &"  Social  Finance:  Misses  .Summers 
Sharpe;  Floicer.  Miss  E.  Mclntyre;  Membership, 
Miss  G.  Rowe;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss 
J.    McBain. 

A. A.,     Gait     Hospital,     Gait 

President,  Mrs.  E.  D.  Scott;  Vice-President, 
Miss  Hazel  Blagden;  Secretary,  Mrs.  A.  Bond, 
General  Hospital;  Treasurer.  Mrs.  W.  Bell;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  Social,  Miss  Claire  Murphy; 
Flower,  Miss  L.  MacXair;  Press,  Mrs.  J.  M. 
Byrne. 

A. A.,   Guelph   General    Hospital,   Guelph 

Honourary  President.  Miss  S.  A.  Campbell; 
President,  Miss  L.  Ferguson:  First  Vice-Presi- 
dent. Mrs.  F.  C.  McLeod:  Secretan'.  Miss  Mary 
R.  Upward,  General  Hospital;  Treasurer,  Miss 
A.    Armstrong. 


A. A.,    St.   Joseph's    Hospital,   Guelph 

Hon.  Pres..  Sr.  M.  Augustine;  Hon.  Vice-Pres.. 
Sr.  M.  Dominica;  Pres..  Miss  Doris  Milton;  Vice- 
Pres..  Miss  Eva  Murphy;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss  Hen- 
rietta McGillivary;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  Mary  Heffer- 
nan,  121  Duflin  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  Hazel  Harding; 
Social  Convener,  Miss  Marian  Meagher;  Rep. 
to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  M.  Heffernan. 

A. A.,   Hamilton  General  Hospital,   Hamilton 

Hon.  President,  Miss  C.  E.  Brewster;  Presi- 
dent. Miss  M.  O.  Watson:  First  Vice-President, 
Miss  M.  Watt;  Second  Vice-President.  Miss  N. 
Coles;  Recording  Secretary,  Mrs.  H.  Roy;  Cor- 
responding Secretary,  Miss  E.  Ferguson,  Ha- 
milton General  Hospital;  Treasurer,  Mrs.  W. 
N.  Paterson,  114  Traymore  St.;  Secretary-Treas- 
urer, Mutual  Benefit  Association.  Miss  H.  Sa- 
bine, 132  Ontario  Ave.;  Committee  Conveners: 
Executive.  Miss  E.  Bingeman :  Social,  Miss  H.  G. 
McCuIloch;  Flowers,  Miss  G.  Servos;  Budget, 
Mrs.   H.   Roy. 

A. A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    Hamilton 

Hon.  Pres..  Sr.  M.  Alphonsa;  Hon.  Vice-Pres. 
Sr.  M.  Grace;  Pres.,  Mjss  Iva  Loyst;  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  G.  Neal;  Rec  Sec,  Miss  F.  Nicholson; 
Corr.  Sec,  Miss  E.  Moran.  95  Victoria  Ave.  S.; 
Treas.,  Miss  L.  Currj-;  Representatives  to:  R.N.- 
A.O.,  Miss  A.  Williams,  515  Dundurn  St.  S.; 
The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Leona  Johnson, 
S.J.H. 

A. A.,   Hotel-Dieu,   Kingston 

Hon.  Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  Rouble;  Hon.  Vice-Pres., 
Mrs.  Elder;  Pres.,  Mrs.  J.  Hickey;  First  Vice- 
Pres..  Mrs.  I.  Fallon;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.  Mr.s.  C. 
Keller;  Sec,  Miss  M.  Flood  380  Brock  St.;  Treas., 
Mrs.  M.  Heagle;  Committees:  Executive:  Mmes 
Lawler,  Ahern,  Carey.  Miss  McGarry;  Visiting: 
Misses  Murray,  Oswald;  Social:  Misses  Cotty, 
Collins;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse  Miss  M. 
Catlin. 

A. A.,    Kingston    General     Hospital,    Kingston 

Hon.  President.  Miss  L.  D.  Acton;  President, 
Mrs.  F.  W.  Atack,  Centre  St.;  First  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Mrs.  Graham  Campbell;  Sec.  Vice-President, 
Miss  E.  Freeman;  Secretary,  Mrs.  Chas.  Ryder, 
811  Johnson  St.;  Treasurer.  Mrs.  C.  W.  Mallory. 
176  Alfred  St.;  Assist.  Treas..  Miss  P.  Timttier- 
man:    Press   Representative,   Miss   Mae   Porter. 

A. A.,     Kitchener    and     Waterloo     General     Hospital, 
Kitchener 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  K.  W.  Scott;  Pres.,  Mrs.  H. 
Christner;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  G.  Cornwall; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  E.  Carey;  Sec.  Miss  0. 
Daitz,  K.  &  W.  Hospital;  Treas.,  Miss  E.  Jant- 
zen;  Committee  Conveners:  Program,  Miss  M. 
McManus;  Lunch.  Mrs.  R.  Hodd ;  Flowers:  Misses 
M.  McManus,  M.  McLean;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian 
Nurse,  Miss  A.  I>eslie. 

A. A,,    St.    Mary's    Hospital,    Kitchener 

Hon.  Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Gerard;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres..  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Geraldine;  Pres..  Miss  Milhe 
A.  G.  Brand;  Vice-Pres..  Miss  Jean  Pickard: 
Rec.  Sec,  Miss  Melva  Lapsley;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss 
Marie  A.  Lorentz,  92  Victoria  St.  S..  Waterloo; 
Treas.,   Miss   Beatrice   Hertel. 

A. A.,     Rosi    Memorial     Hospital,    Lindsay 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  S.  Reid;  Pres.,  Miss  C. 
Fallis;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  G.  Lehigh;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres..  Miss  D.  Wilson;  Sec,  Miss  H.  Hop- 
kins R.M.H.;  Treas.,  Miss  A.  Hebber;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  Program,  Miss  V.  Pickins; 
Refreshments,    Miss    D.    Currins;    Flower,    Mrs. 


OFFICIAL    DIRECTORY 


897 


M.    I.    Thurston;    Red    Cross    Supply,    Miss    A. 
Flett;  Rep.  to  Press,  Miss  G.  McMillan. 

A.A.,  Ontario  Hospital,  London 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  F.  M.  Thomas;  Pres.,  Mrs.  F. 
dine;  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  K.  Schlimnie.  Miss  N. 
Stewart;  Sec,  Mrs.  M.  Millen,  398  Spruce  St.; 
Ass.  Sec,  Mrs.  E.  Stutt;  Treas..  Miss  \.  Wil- 
liams; Committee  Conveners:  Flower,  Mrs.  E. 
Grosvener;  Social,  Misses  L.  Steele,  V.  Johnson; 
Social  Service,  Miss  F.  Stevenson ;  Parcels  for 
Armed  Forces,  Miss  N.  Williams;  Publications, 
Mrs.  P.  Robb. 


A. A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    London 

Hon.  Pres.,  Mother  M.  Theodore;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres..  Sister  M.  Ruth;  Pres.,  Miss  I.  Griffin; 
First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Russell:  Sec.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Miss  A.  Kelly;  Corn  Sec,  Miss  M.  Best. 
579  Waterloo  St.;  Rec  Sec,  Miss  B.  Crawford; 
Treas..  Miss  A.  Schweitzer;  Committee  Con- 
veners: Social:  Misses  M.  Ings,  M.  Kelly;  Fi- 
nance: Misses  M.  Etue.  0.  O'Neil;  Reps,  to  Re- 
gistry: Misses  M.  Baker,  E.  Beger;  Press,  Miss 
M.  Regan. 


A. A.,  Victoria  Hospital,   London 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  H.  M.  Stuart;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Mrs.  A.  E.  Silverwood;  Pres..  Miss  G. 
Erskine:  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Stevenson; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  A.  Mallock;  Rec.  Sec, 
Miss  A.  Versteeg;  Corr.  Sec.  Mrs.  M.  Ripley. 
422  Central  Ave.:  Treas..  Miss  E.  O'Rourke,  188 
Colbourne  St.;  Publications:  Misses  L.  MacGu- 
gan,   E.  Stephens. 


A. A.,  Niagara  Falls  General  Hospital,  Niagara  Falls 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  M.  Parks;  Pres..  Mrs.  D. 
Mylchreest:  Hon.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Buchanan; 
First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  R.  Livingstone;  Sec  Vice- 
Pres.,  .Miss  D.  Scott;  Sec,  Mrs.  E.  Robins,  2432 
Ker  St.:  Treas.,  Miss  M.  Cooley.  730-4th  Ave.; 
Committees:  Visiting.  Miss  R.  Wilkinson;  Edu- 
cational, Miss  J.  McN'ally;  Membership,  Miss  V. 
Wigiey;  Reps,  to:  The  Canadian  Nurse  & 
R.N.A.n..  Miss  L  Hammond;  Press,  Mrs.  Ef- 
ferick. 


A. A..    Orillia     Soldiers'     Memorial    Hospital,    Orillia 

Honourarj'  Presidents.  Miss  E.  Johnston,  Miss 
0.  Waterman;  President.  Mrs.  H.  Hannaford; 
Vice-Presidents.  Miss  C.  Buie.  Miss  M.  MacLel- 
tand;  Treasurer.  Miss  L.  V.  MacKenzie,  21  Wil- 
liam St.;  Secretary.  Miss  Muriel  Givens.  23  Albert 
St.;  Directors:  Misses  S.  Dudenhoffer,  B.  McFad- 
den.  G.  Adams;  Auditors:  Miss  F.  Robertson, 
Mrs.    H.   Burnet. 

A. A.,  Oshawa  General  Hospital,  Oshawa 

Hon.  Presidents.  Misses  E.  MacWilliams.  B. 
Bell,  E.  Stuart;  Pres.,  Miss  M.  Green:  First 
Vice-Pres..  Miss  P.  Richardson;  Sec.  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  M.  Gibson:  Sec.  Miss  M.  Anderson:  Corr. 
Sec,  Miss  L.  McKnight.  39  Elgin  St.  E. :  Treas., 
Miss  A.  Knott;  Committee  Conveners:  Program, 
Miss  H.  Trew,  Social.  Miss  D.  Brown;  Rep.  to 
The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  W.  Werry. 

A.A.,    Lady    Stanley    Institute     (Incorporated    1918) 
Ottawa 

Hon.  Pres..  Mrs.  W.  S.  Lyman;  Pres.,  Mrs. 
W.  E.  Caven:  Vice-Pres..  Miss  G.  Halpenny; 
Sec,  Mrs.  P.  R.  Grant.  74  Bvron  Ave.;  Treas., 
Mrs.  n.  C.  Bennett:  Board  of  Directors:  Mrs. 
Waddell.  Misses  McNiece.  McGibbon.  Flack: 
Flower  Convener,  Miss  E.  Booth:  Representatives 
to:  Press.  Miss  G.  Halpenny;  Registry:  Misses 
M.  Slinn.  E.  Curry;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Mrs. 
V.  Boles. 


A. A.,    Ottawa    Civic    Hospital,    Otuwa 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  G.  M.  Bennett;  Pres..  Miss  D. 
Ogilvie;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  L.  Gourlay;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  G.  Ferguson ;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss 
G.  Wilson;  Corr.  Sec.  &  Press,  Miss  M.  Tullis 
O.C.H.;  Treas.,  Miss  D.  Johnston,  98  Holland 
Ave.:  Councillois:  Mmes  M.  Johnston,  H.  Kidd, 
G.  Dunning,  E.  Haines.  Misses  Fleiger,  H.  W^il- 
son :  Committee  Conveners:  Flower.  Miss  H. 
King;  Visiting,  Miss  Joyce;  Reps,  to:  Central 
Registry,  Misses  R.  Alexander,  0.  Bradley,  E. 
Graydon,   C.    McLeod. 

A. A.,  Ottawa  General  Hospital,  Ottawa 

Hon.  President,  Rev.  Sr.  Flavie  Domitilie;  Hon. 
Vice.-Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  Helen  of  Rome;  Pres..  Miss 
Viola  Foran;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Alice  Proulx; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Rose  Therien :  Secretary- 
Treasurer.  Miss  Lucille  Brule,  95  Glen  Ave.; 
Membership  Secretary.  Miss  Florence  Lepine; 
Councillors:  Mmes  E.  Viau,  L.  Dunn,  Misses  E. 
Byrne,  M.  Prindeville.  J.   Larochelle. 


A.A.,    St.    Luke's    Hospital,    Ottawa 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  Maxwell.  O.B.E.:  Pres. 
Mrs.  W.  H.  Johnston;  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  J.  Prit- 
chard;  Sec.  Mrs.  J.  Hall,  17  Openago  Rd.; 
Treas.,  Mrs.  J.  W.  Shore;  Committees:  Flowers: 
Misses  Lewis,  Craig:  Refreshments:  Misses  Nel- 
son, Allen;  Reps,  to:  Central  Registry:  Mrs. 
Brown.  Miss  Heron;  Local' Council  of  Women, 
Mrs.  Mothersill;  Press,  Miss  Johnston. 

A. A.,    Owen    Sound    General    and    Marine    Hospital, 
Owen    Sound 

Honourary  Presidents.  Miss  E.  Webster,  Miss 
R.  Brown;  President,  Miss  C.  MacKeen;  First 
Vice-Presi'fi<»nt.  Miss  V.  Reid :  .Secretary-Treas- 
urer, Mrs.  Ralph  Snelgrove,  75ii  Second  Avenue, 
West;  Representative  to  R.N.A.O.,  Miss  P. 
Ellis. 


A. A.,   Nicholls   Hospital,   Peterborough 

Hon.  Pres.,  Mrs.  E.  M.  Leeson,  Miss  E.  G. 
Young;  Pres..  Miss  Lottie  Ball;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  D.  E.  MacBuen :  Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  J. 
Preston;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss  Florence  Scott;  Corr. 
Sec,  Miss  .\.  MacKenzie,  758  George  St. ;  Treas., 
Miss  Isobel  King.  210  Antrim  St.;  Social  Con- 
veners: Mrs.  V.  Janeway.  Miss  S.  TrotteK; 
Flower  Convener,   Miss   Mae   Stone. 


A. A.,     St.     Joseph's     Hospital,     Port     Arthur 

Honourary  President.  Rev.  Mother  Camillus; 
Honourary  Vice-President,  Rev.  Sister  Slieila: 
President.  Mrs.  Jack  Tiskey;  Vice-President, 
Miss  Cecila  Kelly;  Secretary,  Mrs.  Jack  Weir. 
419  Ambrose  St.:  Treasurer.  Miss  Millie  Reid; 
Executive:  Misses  Aili  Johnson,  Lucy  Miocich, 
Olive  Thompson,  Isabel  Hamer,  Mrs,  W.  Geddes 


A. A.,    Sarnia    General    Hospital,    Sarnia 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  Shaw;  Pres.,  Miss  M.  Thomp- 
son: Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  V.  Galloway;  Sec.  Miss 
F.  Morrison,  138i^  N.  Front  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  I. 
Dunford;  Committee  Conveners:  Social,  Miss 
Revington;  Program,  Miss  Bloomfield;  Flower 
&  Visiting,  Miss  Cairns;  Alumnae  Room,  Miss 
Shaw:  Nominating,  Miss  Siegrist;  Rep.  to:  The 
Canadian  Nurse  &  Press,  Mrs.  M.   Elrick. 


A. A.,      Stratford      General      Hospital,      Stratford 

Honourary     President.     Miss     A.     M.     Munn; 
President,      Miss      Annie      Ballantyne,      Genera) 


898 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


Hospital;  Secretary,  ^frs.  Viola  Byrick,  30S 
Huron  Street;  Treasurer,  Miss  Jean  Watson, 
General  Hospital;  Committee  Conveners  :  Social, 
Miss  Bernice  Moore;  Assists:  Miss  L.  Attwood, 
Miss  M.  Mackenzie;  Flower  and  Gifts,  Miss 
M.   Murr. 


A.A.,    Mack    Training    School,    St.    Catharines 

Pres.,  Miss  E.  Buchanan ;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  R.  Fowler;  Sec,  Miss  W.  Sayers,  General 
Hospital;  Treas.,  Miss  E.  Dougher;  Conveners: 
Program,  Miss  J.,  Turner;  Social,  Mrs.  Zaritsky; 
Flower,  Miss  L.  Koltmeier;  Visiting,  Miss  S. 
Murray;  Advisory  Committee:  Mmes  J.  Parnell, 
C.  Hesburn;  Press,  Miss  H.  Brown;  Rep.  to  The 
Canadian   Nurse,    Miss   M.    Moulton. 


A.A.,   St.   Thomas   Memorial   Hospital,   St.   Thonutt 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  J.  M.  Wilson;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Miss  F.  Kudoha;  Pres..  Miss  E.  Stoddern; 
First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  E.  Ray;  Sec,  Mrs.  B. 
Davidson;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  E.  Dodds.  33  Welling- 
ton St.;  Treas.  Miss  P.  Howell;  Committee 
Conveners:  Social,  Miss  A.  Claypole;  Flower, 
Miss  M.  Broadley:  Ways  &  Means.  Miss  A. 
Fryer;  Reps,  to  R.N.A.O.,  Miss  B.  McGee:  Press, 
Miss  E.  Jewell. 


A. A.,    The    Grant    Macdonald    Training    Schoo'. 
for  Nurses,  Toronto 

Honeurary    President,    Miss    Pearl    Morrison ; 
President.  Mrs.  E.  Jacques;   Vice-President.   Miss 

A.  Lendruni;  Recording  Secretary,  Mrs.  M. 
SmHh,  130  Dunn  Avenue;  Corresponding  Secre- 
tarj'.  Miss  I.  Lucas,  130  Dunn  Avenue;  Treas- 
urer,   Miss   Maud    Zufelt;    Social   Convener,   Miss 

B.  Langdon. 


A. A.,    Hospital   for   Sick   Children,   Toronto 

Pres..  Mrs.  D.  E.  MacKenzie;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Mrs.  W.  S.  Keith;  Sec  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M. 
Mclnnis;  Rec  Sec,  Miss  H.  Booth;  Corr.  Sec, 
Mrs.  W.  Ritchie.  55  Colin  Ave.;  Treas.,  Miss 
F.    Watson,    H.S.C. 


Hill;  Entertainment  Convener,  Mrs.  J.  Shapley; 
Program  Convener,  Miss  M.  Kelly;  Representa- 
tive to  R.N.A.O.,  Miss   C.   Knaggs. 


A.A.,    St.    Michael's    Hospital,    Toronto 


Hon.  Pres.,  Sr.  Mary  of  the  Nativity;  Hon. 
Vice-Pres..  Sr.  M.  Kathleen;  Pres..  Miss  D. 
Murphy;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Stone;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  K.  Boyle;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  M. 
McRae;  Corr.  Sec,  Mrs.  M.  Benny,  2510  Bloor 
St.  W.,  Apt.  1;  Treas.,  Miss  K.  Meagher;  Coun- 
cillors: Misses  M.  Hughes,  E.  Crocker.  K.  Ham- 
mil;  Committee  Conveners:  Press,  Miss  H.  Ca- 
vanagh;  Mag.  Editor,  Miss  M.  Crowley;  Assoc. 
Membership,  Mrs.  R.  Slingerland ;  Reps,  to:  Hos- 
pital &  School  of  Nursing  Section,  Miss  G.  Mur- 
phy; Public  Health  Section,  Miss  M.  Tisdale; 
Local  Council  of  Women,  Mrs.  T.  Scully. 


A. A.,    School    of    Nursing,    University    of    Toronto, 
Toronto 


Hon.  Pres..  Miss  E.  K.  Russell;  Hon.  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  F.  H.  Emory;  Pres.,  Miss  M.  Macfarland; 
First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  J.  Leask;  Sec.  Vice-Pres. 
Miss  E.  Cryderman;  Sec,  Miss  M.  Nicol,  226  St. 
George  St.;  Treas..  Miss  E.  J.  Davidson;  Con- 
veners: Membership,  Mrs.  M.  McCutcheon;  En- 
dowment Fund,  Miss  E.  Eraser;  Program,  Miss 
J.   Wilson;    Social,   Miss   B.   Ross. 


A.A.,   Toronto   General   Hospital,  Toronto 


Pres.,  Miss  Ethel  Cryderman;  First  Vice-Pres. 
Miss  Marion  Stewart;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  R.  F. 
Chisholm;  Sec-Treas.,  Miss  Leslie  Shearer,  5 
High  Park  Ave.;  Councillors:  Misses  C.  Wallace, 
E.  Graham,  E.  Clancey,  Mrs.  J.  B.  Wadland; 
Committee  Conveners:  Archives,  Miss  J.  M. 
Kniseley;  Flower,  Mrs.  J.  B.  Wadland;  Social, 
Miss  F.  Chantler;  Program,  Miss  S.  Sewell; 
Gift,  Miss  M.  Fry;  Scholarship,  Miss  G.  Lovell; 
"The  Quarterly".  Mrs.  H.  E.  Wallace. 


A.A.,    Riverdale    Hospital,    Toronto 

Pres.,  Mrs.  S.  J.  Hubbert;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  A.  Armstrong;  .<?ec.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  M. 
Thompson;  Sec,  Mrs.  H.  E.  Radford,  6  Neville 
Pk.  Blvd.;  Treas.,  Mrs.  T.  Fairbaim;  Conveners: 
Program,  Miss  Mathieson;  Visiting:  Mrs.  Spree- 
man.  Miss  M.  Thompson;  Reps,  to:  Press  &  Pub- 
lication, Miss  J.  Forbes;  R.N.A.O.,  Miss  O. 
Gerber;    The    Canadian    Nurse,   Miss    Armstrong. 


A. A.,    Training    School    for   Nurses   of   the    Toronto 

East    General    Hospital    with    which    is    incorporated 

the    Toronto    Orthopedic    Hospital,    Toronto 

Honourary  President,  Miss  Ella  MacLean; 
President,  Miss  Margaret  Purvis;  Secretary, 
Miss  D.  Jean  Smith,  64  Hewitt  Avenue,  Toron- 
to; Treasurer,  Miss  Dorothy  Golden. 


A. A.,    St.    John's    Hospital,   Toronto 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sr.  Beatrice;  Pres.,  Miss  M.  Mar- 
tin; First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  D.  Whiting;  Sec 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Creighton ;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss 
M.  Anderson :  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  M.  Riches,  St. 
John's  Convalescent  Hospital;  Treas.,  Miss  A. 
Greenwood;  Entertainment  Convener,  Miss  R. 
Ramsden ;  Visiting  Convener,  Miss  L.  Richard- 
son ;   Rep.  to  Press,  Miss  E.  Price. 


A. A.,    Toronto    Western    Hospiul,    Toronto 


Hon.  Presidents,  Miss  B.  Ellis,  Mrs.  C.  J. 
Currie;  President,  Mrs.  Douglas  Chant;  Vice- 
President,  Miss  Mae  Palk;  Corresponding  Secret- 
ary, Miss  Isabel  Kee.  Nurses  Residence,  T.W.H.; 
Recording  Secretary,  Mrs.  Fooks;  Treasurer,  Miss 
Benita  Post,  Western  Hospital;  Representative 
to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Elizabeth  Westren. 


A. A.,   St.   Joseph's   Hospital,   Toronto 

Pres..  Miss  T.  Hushin;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss 
M.  Goodfriend;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  V.  Smith; 
Rec.  Sec.  Miss  M.  Donovan ;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss 
M.  T.  Caden,  474  Vaughan  Rd.;  Treas.,  Miss  L. 


A. A.,   Wellesley   Hospital,   Toronto 

Hon.   Pres.,    Miss   E.    K.   Jones;   Pres.,   Miss   J. 
Harris;    First   Vice-Pres.,   Miss   M.   Stanton:   .Sec. 


OFFICIAL    DIRECTORY 


899 


Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Johnston;  Rec.  Sec.,  Miss 
G  Schwindt;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  M.  Russell,  4 
Thurloe  Ave.;  Treas.,  Miss  J.  Brown;  Treas. 
Sick  Fund,  Miss  D.  Good;  General  Committee: 
Misses  E.  Cowan,  J.  Hayden.  B.  Calvert,  J. 
Laird,   H.  Wark,   G.   Bolton,  Mrs.  Reeve. 


M.  Stewart,  865  Richmond  Sq.;  Treas.  Mrs.  M.  I. 
Warren ;  Conveners :  Sick  Benefit,  Mrs.  War- 
ren; Visiting:  Misses  Campbell,  Currie;  Pro- 
gram, Miss  Macdonald;  Refreshment,  Miss  Per- 
ron; General  Nursing  Section:  Misses  Allnutt, 
Snasdell-Taylor. 


A. A.,    Women's    College    Hospital,    Toronto 

Honourary  President,  Mrs.  Bowman;  Honoiirarj 
Vice-President.  Miss  H.  T.  Melklejolm;  PresI 
dent.  Mrs.  S.  Hall,  868  Manning  Ave.  ; 
Recording  Secretary,  Miss  Isabel  Hall.  Wonien'* 
College  Hospital;  Treasurer,  Miss  W.  Worth, 
93  Scarbora  Beach  Blvd.;  Representative  to 
The  Canadian   Nurse.  Miss  Mary   Gialk. 


A. A.,    Ontario    Hospital,    New    Toronto 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  E.  Rothery,  Mrs.  C.  Brock; 
Pres..  Miss  L.  Sinclair:  First  Vice-Pres.  Miss 
M.  Wright;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss  E.  McCalpin;  Corr. 
Sec.  Miss  E.  Greenslade,  Ontario  Hospital; 
Treas.,  Miss  V.  Dodi;  Committee  Conveners: 
Program,  Miss  B.  Thompson;  Social,  Miss  A. 
McArthur;  Visiting  &  Flower.  Miss  G.  Reid; 
Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  D.  Wylie. 


A.A.,  Grace  Hospital,  Windsor 

President,  Mrs.  Wallace  Townsend;  Vice-  Pres- 
ident, Miss  Audrey  Holmes:  Secretan',  Miss 
Louise  Corcoran:  Treasurer.  Mrs.  A.  Shea; 
Echoes'  Editor,  Adjutant   G.   Barker. 


A.A.,  Hotei-Dieu,   Windsor 

Hon.  Past  Pres.,  Sr.  .Marie  de  la  Ferre:  Hon. 
Pres.,  Kev.  M.  Claire  Maitre;  Pres.,  Miss  Ellen 
Cox:  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  J.  Byrne;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  J.  Duck;  Sec,  Miss  M.  Beaton, 
1542  Goyeau  St.;  Con.  Sec.  Sr.  M.  Roy.  Hotel- 
Dieu  Hospital;  Treas..  Miss  M.  Lawson;  Visit- 
ing Committee:  Misses  M.  May.  B.   Beuglet. 


A. A.,  General   Hospital,   Woodstock 

Pres..  Miss  Mary  Matheson;  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs. 
Jack  Town;  Sec,  Miss  A.  Ailcheson;  Ass.  Sec, 
Miss  M.  I.  Matheson:  Treas..  Miss  \.  Amolt: 
Ass.  Treas..  Miss  K.  Mahon ;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  E. 
Rickard.  211  Wellington  St.;  Committee  Conve- 
ners: Flowers  &  Gifts:  Misses  M.  Hodgins.  N. 
Smith;  Program,  Miss  M.  Gillespie;  Social,  Mrs. 
King;  Rep.  to  Press,  Miss  B.  Calvert. 


QUEBEC 


A. A.,   Children's    Memorial    Hospiul,   Montreal 

Hon.  Presidents,  Misses  A.  S.  Kinder.  E. 
Alexander:  Pres..  Miss  H.  Nuttall;  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  M.  Robinson;  Sec,  Miss  Rose  Wilkinson, 
Children's  Memorial  Hospital;  Treas.,  Miss  R. 
Allison:  Social  Convener,  Miss  A.  Cameron: 
Representatives  to:  Private  Duty  Section,  Miss 
V.  Ford;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  M.  Collins. 


A. A,     Lachine     General     Hospital,     Lachine 


llououran'  President,  Miss  L.  M.  Brown; 
('resident.  Miss  Ruby  Goodfellow;  Vice-Presi- 
Jent,  Miss  Myrtle  Gleason;  Secretary-Treasurer, 
Mrs.  Byrtha  Jobber,  60-51st  Ave..  Dixie — La- 
jliiiie;  General  Nursing  Representative,  Miss 
Rnl)y  Goodfellow;  Executive  Committee:  Mrs. 
HarU)w,   Mrs.   Gaw.   Miss  Dewar. 


L'Association    des    Gardes-Malades    Diplomees, 
Hopital    Notre-Dame,    Montreal 

Hon.  Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  Papineau;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  R6v.  Sr.  Ddcary ;  Pres.,  Mile  Eva  Mdrizzi ; 
First  Vice-i'res.,  Miie  Germaine  Latour;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Mile  Laurence  Deguire;  Rec.  Sec. 
Mile  Ola  Sarrazin ;  Corr.  Sec.  Mile  Bernadette 
Magnan,  2205  rue  Maisonneuve;  Assoc.  Sec, 
Mile  S.  Belaire;  Treas.,  Mile  Carmelle  Lamou- 
reux:  Councillors:  Miles  M.  Lussier,  C.  Lazure, 
J.    Vanier. 


A. A.,    Montreal    General    Hospital,    Montreal 

Hon.  Presidents.  Miss  Webster.  Miss  Tedford; 
Hon.  Treasurer.  Miss  Dunlop;  President,  Miss 
Catherine  Anderson;  First  Vice-President  Miss 
Bertha  Birch :  Second  Vice-President.  Miss  Mary 
Long:  Recording  Secretary,  Miss  Jean  McNair; 
Corresponding  Secretary,  Miss  Mabel  Shannon. 
Nurses  Home.  Montreal  General  Hospital;  Trea- 
surer. Miss  Isabel  Davies:  Committees:  Execu- 
tive: Misses  M.  K.  Holt.  A.  Whitney,  H.  Bartsch, 
E.  Robertson,  Mrs.  F.  Johnston;  Program:  Msses 
M.  Batson  E.  Denman,  K.  Annesley:  Refresh- 
ment: Misses  Clifford  Cconvener).  Michie.  A. 
Scott.  B.  Broadhurst.  M.  McQuarrie:  Visiting: 
Misses  M.  Ross.  B.  Miller.  H.  Christian;  Repre- 
sentatives to:  General  Nursing  Section:  Misses 
A.  Whitney.  M.  McLeod.  C.  Pope.  J.  Ross;  Local 
Council  of  Women:  Misses  A.  Costigan.  M.  Ste- 
vens;  The  Canadian  Nurse:  Miss  C.  Watling. 


A. A.,    Royal    Victoria    Hospital,    Montreal 


Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  Mabel  Hersey;  Pres..  Mrs. 
ft.  A.  Taylor:  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  F.  Munroe; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  W.  McLean;  Rec  Sec 
Miss  D.  Goodill;  Sec. -Treas.,  Miss  Grace  Moffat, 
R.V.H. ;  Board  of  Directors  f without  office) : 
Miss  E.  Flanagan,  Mrs.  E.  O'Brien;  Conveners 
of  Standing  Committees:  Finance,  Mrs.  R. 
Fetherstonhaugh ;  Program,  Miss  G.  Yeats; 
Scholarship,  Miss  W.  MacLean ;  General  Nursing, 
Miss  E.  Killins;  Conveners  of  Other  Committees: 
Canteen,  Mrs.  W.  A.  G.  Bauld;  Red  Cross,  Mrs. 
F.  E.  McKenty;  Visiting,  Miss  Purcell;  Reps,  to: 
Local  Council  of  Women,  Mrs.  V.  Ward,  Miss 
K.  Dickson;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  G. 
Martin. 


A.A.,  Homoeopathic  Hospital,  Montreal 


A. A.,   St.   Mary's   Hospital,    Montreal 


Hon.   Pres.   Miss   V.    Graham;    Pres..   Miss   N.  Hon.    Pres..    Rev.    Sister    Rozon;    Pres.,    Miss 

Gage;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  J.  Morris;  Sec.  Miss       E.  O'Hare;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Smith;  Rec.  Sec. 


900 


THE     CANADIAN    NURSE 


Mrs.  L.  O'Connell;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  E.  O'Connell; 
4625  Earnscllffe  Ave.;  Treas..  Miss  E.  Qulnn; 
Committees:  Entertainvient:  Misses  Marwan,  D. 
McCarthy,  McDerby,  Ryan;  Visiting:  Misses 
Brown,  Coleman,  Mullins;  Spcial  Nurses:  Misses 
Goodman,  P.  McCarthy;  Reps,  to:  Press:  Misses 
Zurick,  Culligan;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  E. 
Toner. 


Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  G.  Ransehousen;  Rec.  Sec, 
Mrs.  G.  Sangster;  Corr.  Sec,  Mrs.  R.  Mooney, 
174  Portland  Ave.;  Entertainment  Convener, 
Mrs.  W.  Cohoon ;  Representatives  to:  Private 
Duty  Section,  Miss  D.  Ross;  The  Canadian  Nurse, 
Mrs.   G.  MacKay,   .15   Bethune  St. 


A. A.,     School     for    Graduate     Nurses. 
McGill     University,     Montreal 

Pres.,  Miss  Margaret  Brady;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss 
Winnifred  McCunn ;  Sec.-Treas.,  Miss  Jessie 
Cooke,  Woman's  General  Hospital,  Westmount; 
Conveners:  Flora  M.  Shaw  Memorial  Fund,  Mrs. 
L.  H.  Fisher;  Program,,  Miss  R.  Lamb;  Represen- 
tatives to:  Local  Council  of  Women:  Mrs.  J.  R. 
Taylor,  Miss  E.  Martin;  The  Canadian  Nurse, 
Miss  C.   Aitkenhead,   Homoeopathic  Hospital. 


A. A.,  Woman's  General  Hospital,  Westmount 


Hon.  Presidents,  Misses  Trench,  Pearson;  Pres., 
Miss  C.  Martin;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  Crewe; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Rosen ;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss 
Van-Buskirk;  Corr.  Sec,  Mrs.  G.  Bentley,  3582 
University  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  Francis;  Committees: 
Visiting:  Misses  T.  Wood,  G.  Wilson;  Social: 
Mrs.  Saginur,  Miss  Yellin ;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian 
Nurse,  Miss  Francis. 


A. A.,    Jeffcry   Hale's    Hospital,    Quebec 

Pres..  Mrs.  A.  W.  G.  Macalister;  First  Vice- 
Pres.,  Mrs.  L.  Teakle;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  G. 
Weary;  Sec.  Miss  M.  G.  Fischer.  305  Grande 
All^e;  Treas..  Mrs.  W.  D.  Flemine:  Conncillnrs: 
Misses  Wolfe,  Kennedy,  Fltzpatrick,  Ross,  Mrs. 
Pfeiffer;  Committees:  Refreshment:  Misses  Klrt- 
sen,  Jones,  Warren,  Dawson;  Visiting:  Misses 
Douglas  (convener),  Martin.  Mmes.  Raphael, 
Gray;  Program:  Mmes.  Young,  Teakle,  Misses 
Lunam,  Douglas;  Reps,  to:  Private  Dutv  Sec- 
tion: Misses  Walsh,  Perry;  The  Canadian  Nurse, 
Miss  N.  Humphries. 


A. A.,    Sherbrookc    Hospital.    Sherbrooke 

Hon.   Pres.,   Miss   V.   K.   Bean;    Pres.,    Mrs.   H. 
Leslie;    First    Vice-Pres.,    Miss    N.   Malone;    Sec. 


SASKATCHEWAN 

A.A.,  Grey  Nuns'  Hospital,  Regina 

Honourary  President,  Sr.  M.  J.  Tougas;  Presi- 
dent. Mrs.  A.  Counter;  Vice-President,  Mrs. 
F.  Racette;  Secretary-Treasurer,  Mrs.  R.  Mo- 
gridge;  Corresponding  Secretary,  Miss  Ina  M. 
Montgomery,  Grey  Nuns'  Hospital. 

A.A.,   Regina   General   Hospital,    Regina 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  D.  Wilson;  Pres.,  Miss  M. 
Brown;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  R.  Ridley;  Sec, 
Miss  V.  Mann,  Regina  General  Hospital;  Treas., 
Miss  E.  Sweitzer,  R.G.H.;  Representatives  to: 
Local  Paper,  Miss  G.  Glasgow;  The  Canadian 
Nurse,  Miss  K.  Sharp. 

A.A.,    St.    Paul's    Hospital,    Saskatoon 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sister  La  Pierre;  Pres..  Miss  F. 
Bateman;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Bohl ;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  E.  Turner;  Sec,  Miss  C. 
Castagnier,  St.  Paul's  Hospital;  Treas.,  Miss  L. 
Strate;  Councillors:  Mrs.  A.  Hyde,  Mrs.  A. 
Thompson,  Miss  A.  Templeman.  Mrs.  H.  Mackay; 
Ways  &  Means  Committee:  Mrs.  C.  Darbellay, 
Mrs.  B.  Hayes,  Mrs.  A-  Barker. 

A. A.,    Saskatoon    City    Hospital,    Saskatoon 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  Howard ;  Pres.,  Miss  M. 
Chisholm ;  Vice-Pres..  Miss  Collins,  Miss  Grant; 
Rec.  Sec.  Miss  D.  Bjarnason ;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss 
D.  Duff,  S.C.H.;  Treas..  Miss  E.  Graham;  Con- 
veners: Ways  &  Means,  Mrs.  C.  Fletcher;  Social, 
Mrs.  J.  Gibson;  Program,  Mrs.  H.  Atwell;  Red 
Cross,  Mrs.  T  Binnie;  Visiting  &  Flower,  Miss 
V.  Bergren;   Press,  Miss  M.   Fofonoff. 

A. A.,    Yorkton    Queen    Victoria    Hospital,    Yorkton 

Honourary  President.  Mrs.  L.  V.  Barnes;  Pre- 
sident, Mrs.  J.  Young;  Vice-President,  Miss  E. 
Flanagan;  Secretary.  Mrs.  T.  E.  Darroch.  59 
Haultain  Ave.;  Treasurer,  Mrs.  G.  Heard:  Coi/n- 
cillors:  Mrs.  W.  Sharpe.  Mrs.  F.  Kisby,  Mrs.  J. 
Parker;  Social  Convener,  Mrs.  G.  Parsons;  Re- 
presentative to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Mrs.  W. 
Sharpe. 


Associations  of  Graduate  Nurses 


Overseas     Nursing     Sisters     AssoctatioD 
or     Canada 

Pres..  Miss  F.  Munroe,  Royal  Victoria  Hos 
pital.  Montreal;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  C.  M 
Watling.  Montreal:  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  H.  Paice 
Montreal:  Third  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  B.  Anderson 
Ottawa;  Sec-Trea.s.,  Miss  E.  Frances  Upton 
Ste-  1019.  Medical  Arts  Bldg..  Montreal;  Re 
presentatives  from  Local  Unit:  Mrs.  C.  E.  Bi 
saillon,  753  Bienville  St..  Apt.  5.  Monlreal 
Miss  M.  Moag.  V.  0.  N..  Montreal. 


MANITOBA 


Brandon   Graduate  Nurses   Association 

Hon.  Pres.,  Nfiss  E.  Birtles.  O.B.E,;  Pres.,  Mrs. 
S.    Purdue;    Vice-Pres.,    Miss    M.    Morton,    Sec. 


Miss  A.  Crighton.  Brandon  General  Hospital; 
Treas..  Mrs.  J.  Selbie:  Registrar.  Miss  C.  Mac- 
leod:  Conveners:  Red  Cross.  Mrs.  H.  McKenzle; 
Social.  Miss  -M.  Trotter;  Press.  Miss  W.  Mitchell; 
General  Nursing,  Miss  G.  Lamont;  Rep.  to  The 
Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  G.   Kennettle. 


QUEBEC 

Montreal    Graduate    Nurses    Association 

President.  Miss  Effie  Killins;  Fiist  Vice-Pres.. 
Miss  Clarice  Smith;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Lil- 
lian MacKinnon;  Hon.  Sec.-Treas.,  Miss  Doro- 
thy Shoemaker,  1230  Bishop  St.;  Director  of 
Nursing  Registry,  Miss  E.  B.  Ross,  1234  Bishop 
.St.  Regular  meetings  second  Tuesday  January, 
first    Tuesday    April,    October,    and    December. 


1  VOLUME  38 

NUMBER 

12 

DECEMBER 

19     4     2 

J 


I  Ht 

NADI 


#  Winter  on 
the  Gaspe  Coast 


UVVNED       AND       PUBLloni^i)       BY 
THE     CANADIAN     NURSES     ASSOCIATION 


QUESTION:  In  these  patterns  of  diet  planning  for  good  nutrition,  at 
least  21  servings  of  fruits  and  vegetables,  in  addition  to  11  servings  of  potatoes 
or  sueet  potatoes,  per  week  are  recommended  (/).  How  can  I  manage  this  on 
only  a  moderate  food  budget? 

ANSWER:  You  will  note  that  these  methods  of  diet  planning  have 
provisions  which  assist  in  modifying  your  food  purchases  according  to 
fluctuations  in  individual  food  costs  with  season  and  location.  Also,  the 
fresh  or  canned  varieties  of  the  fruits  and  vegetables  have  similarly  nutri- 
tive values  and  may  be  used  interchangeably.  In  diet  planning,  full  consid- 
eration should  be  given  to  the  many  canned  fruits  and  vegetables  which 
are  readily  available  at  reasonable  cost  during  all  seasons  in  all  sections 
of  the  country. 

American  Can  Company.  Hamilton,  Ontario; 

American  Can  Company  Ltd..  ]  ancouver,  B.C. 


(l)   1939,  Food  and  Life:  Yearbook  of  Agriculture 
U.  S.  Dept.  Agriculture,  U.  S.  Govt 
Printing  Office,  Washington,  D.  C. 


(EXTPACELLUtAR) 

BABY  FOODS 


EXTRA  EASY  TO  DIGEST 


FOOD  CELL  BEFORE  HOMOGENIZATION 


FOOD  CELL  AFTER  HOMOGENIZATION 


Note  that  tough 
cellulose  wall 
has  been  complete- 
ly broken  down. 
Nourishment  has 
been  r  e  1  e(a  s  e  d 
for  quick  digestion. 
Danger  of  intes- 
tinal disorders 
caused  by  fermen- 
tation of  partly 
digested  food  is 
largely  overcome, 
and  baby  gets 
more  nourishment 
from  the  same 
amount   of  food. 


New  Extracellular   Foods 

Vast    Improvement    Over 

Strained  Variety 

The  importance  of  an  adequate  supply  of 
minerals  such  as  iron,  copper,  etc.,  in  the 
infant  diet  has  long  been  recognized.  Yet 
until  recently  the  addition  of  mineral- 
bearing  foods  to  the  infant  diet  presented 
a  problem,  because  commercially-  or  home- 
strained  foods  contain  too  many  coarse 
fibres  and  indigestible  factors  for  the  un- 
developed digestive  system  of  a  tiny  baby 
to  handle. 

Now,  solid  foods  pre- 
pared by  Libby's  spe- 
cial process  of  Homo- 
genization  have  been 
fed  without  unfavour- 
able reaction  to  in- 
fants as  young  as  6 
weeks.  Libby       first 

strains  and  then  HO- 
MOGENIZES the  solid 
foods  —  breaking  up 
all  coarse  fibres  and 
food-cell  walls,  re- 
leasing the  nutrient  in- 
side the  cells  —  thus 
exposing  all  contained 
nutrients  to  the  diges- 
tive enzymes.  The  bulk 
needed  for  normal  eli- 
mination is  retained, 
but    refined    so    that    it 

will  not  irritate  the 
digestive    tract. 

Laboratory  tests  on 
four  normal  adults 
showed  that  the  empty- 
ing times  of  the  sto- 
mach after  meals  of 
strained  vegetables  va- 
ried from  140  to  233 
per  cent  of  the  empty- 
ing times  for  the 
Homogenized  vegeta- 
bles. Because  enclosed 
nutrients  are  released 
for  easier  digestion,  an 
increase  in  the  "iron 
values"  of  the  foods 
results,  so  that  many 
pediatricians  advise 
that  Libby's  Homo- 
genized Vegetables  and 
Fruits  be  added  to  the 
infant's  milk  formula 
as  a  valuable  anemia 
preventative. 


Note  that  nourishment  is  en- 
closed by  tough  cellulose  wall 
which  careful  straining  does 
not  break  down.  Undeveloped 
digestive  juices  of  the  infant 
stomach  may  not  penetrate  cel- 
lulose wall  and  needed  nourish- 
ment is  lost.  Undigested  food 
passes  into  large  intestine  where 
it  may  ferment  and  cause 
serious    disturbances. 


FREE  SAMPLES  and  descriptive  literature  will  be 
mailed  on  request  to  physicians  and  pediatricians. 
Please  address  your  requests  to  LIbby,  IMcNeili  & 
Ubby  Laboratories,  Chatham,  Ontario. 


8      BALANCED     BABY     FOOD      COMBINATIONS: 

The**  combinetieni  of  Homogenised  Vegetables,  cereal,  (oup,  and  fruiti  mole*  it  easy  for  tli* 
Doctor  to  prescribe  a  variety  of  solid  foods  for  i  nf ants 

And  In  Addition,  Two  Single  Vegetable  Products  Specially  Homogenized 

PEAS  — SPINACH  and 
LIBBY'S  HOMOGENIZED  EVAPORATED  MILK 

Mod*  ■*■  CoiKido  By 

LIBBY,    MCNEILL  &  LIBBY    OF  CANADA  LIMITED,  Chatham,  Onl. 


901 


Head  Colds  Checked 

with  3  drops  in  each  nostril  .... 


PRIVINE   "Ciba 


ti 


(1:1000   solution   of   2-(naphthyl-l-tnethyl)-imidazoline    hydrochloride) 


NASAL  DROPS 


Clinical  investigations  on  Privine  Nasal  Drops  have  proved  that 
they  are  excellently  suited  for  the  treatment  of  all  forms  of  naso- 
pharyngeal affections. 

In  head  colds,  a  few  moments  after  the  instillation  of  3  drops  of 
Privine  in  each  nostril,  the  headache  and  sensation  of  heaviness  in 
the  head  disappear,  while  the  nasal  respiration  becomes  easier,  the 
watering  of  the  eyes  stops,  the  voice  regains  its  normal  tone  and 
the  sense  of  smell  is  restored. 

Privine  is  also  of  exceptional  prophylactic  and  ctirative  value 
in  hay  fever.  Two  or  three  drops  of  the  medicament  in  each  nostril 
two  or  three  times  a  day,  as  soon  as  the  first  signs  of  the  condition 
appear,  will  be  found  most  satisfactory. 

ISSUED: 

In  bottles  of  V2  ounce  with  dropper 

A  professional  sample  for  personal  use  will  gladly  be  furnished  upon  request. 


CIBA  COMPANY  LIMITED  -  MONTREAL 


V^ONOER  IF  THIS   FEMALE 
KNOV^S   HER   STUFF  ?^^ 

She  nearly  let  me  capsize  twice!  Can't  say  much  for  her 
soaping  technique,  either  .  .  .  one  foot  got  three  washings  — 
then  she  passed  up  the  other  one  completely!  Now  where's 
she  off  to?  Probably  leaving  me  here  to  soak  overnight! 
No  • —  by  cracky,  she's  trotting  out  Johnson's  Baby  Powder! 
Oh  that  lovely,  velvety  stuff!  Let's  hope  she  knows  what 
to  do  with  it  .  .  .  Over  the  tummy  .  .  .  under  the 
chin.  Lots  of  dehcious  soothing  powder  to  make 
me  shck  as  a  kitten.  This  gal  sure  shakes  out  a 
mean  Johnson's  rubdown! 


•  Johnson's  Baby  Powder  is  made  of  the  finest 
smoothest  talc  and  it's  borated.  It  protects  baby 
skins  against  diaper  rash  and  prickly  heat. 


JOHNSON'S   BABY  POWDER 


90S 


December  Days 

are 

Chilly  Days 

JhhSlSL    {jJoijA^l 

Three  in  One  Cape 


They're   Comfy,   they're   new   in   style, 
and  they're  not  dear. 

In     polo,     scarlet-lined,     $16.50     ea. 

and 

Finest  Serge,   scarlet  or  Copen. 

lined,    $20.00   ea. 


In  all  sizes  and 
42  inch  lengths. 


Made  only  by 


^^!ci/iz^  &{^V^ 


904 


\  ,      .  sustained  m  ^eu  tU© 

vide   a  P° 

^^^'l0  0^^-^-!;rfernat^onal 

vitamin  ^      :^D-'^^®'''^      \.^u\s  oi 

Dequiva^^^^°%  Addendum,  ^ 
,od  liver  o^\,t.  ^^ 


The  Ideal  Dietary  Sweet 


"CROWN  &RAND"  and  "LILY 
WHITE"  furnish  maximum 
energy  with  a  minimum  diges- 
tive effort — and  contain  o 
large  percentage  of  Dextrose 
and  Maltose.  Thot  is  why  they 
are  used  so  successfully  for 
infant  feeding. 

These  famous  Syrups  are  scien- 
tifically manufactured  under  the 
most  hygienic  conditions  .  .  . 
they  are  the  purest  corn  syrups 
obtainable  and  can  be  prescribed 
with   assured   good   results. 


'CROWN  BRAND'CORN  SYRUP 
andUVf  WHITE  "corn  syrup 

Marxufarturmd  «»   THE  CANADA  STARCH  COMPANY  LimiUd 


PEDICULOSIS* 
Yields  to 

CUPREX 

Cuprex  is  the  answer  to  the  problem 
of  head,  body  or  crab  lice.  A  single 
application  will  usually  destroy  eggs 
and  nits.  Cuprex  is  non-sticky  and  has 
no  unpleasant  odour.  At  drugstores 
everywhere. 


*That     condition     caused 
body  or  crab  lice. 


by     head. 


CUPREX 

A     MERCK     PRODUCT 


MERCK  &  CO. 
LIMITED 

Manufacturing    Chemists 
Montreal. 


906 


MUM  REFRESHING 


A  No.  1  ^^Refresher  Course" 
for  Patients 

During  illness,  there  may  be  increased  sweat  gland 
activity  with  an  accumulation  of  perspiration  waste 

products.  Disturbing  odors  may  arise  to  annoy  the 
patient,  visitors,  and  you. 

For  both  mental  and  physical  comfort  of  all  —  to  freshen 
the  sickroom — use  applications  of  MUM  routinely.  A  few 
dabs  of  this  snowy-white,  non-irritating  cream  deodorant, 
applied  to  perspiration  areas,  will  almost  instantly  dispel  these 

odors.  MUM  does  not  interfere  with  normal  sweat 
gland  activity;  does  not  stain  clothing  or  bed  linen. 

MUM  is  also  efficient  for  deodorizing  sanitary  nap- 
kins, to  subdue  postpartum  odors,  for  deodorizing 
and  refreshing  hot,  tired  feet  and   as   an  aid    to 
every-day  grooming. 

BRISTOL-MYERS  COMPANY 

i^41-U0    Kue    ucaao.i,   Mon        .-,    v^anaua. 


».\i^ 


MUM   TAKES    IHl    ODOR   OUT   OF  STAIE    PERSP/RAr/ON 


The    Canadian    N 


urse 


Registered   at    Ottawa,   Canada,    as    second   class    matter. 


Editor  and  Business  Manager: 
ETHEL  JOHNS,  Reg.  N.,  1411   Crescent  Street,  Montreal,  P.Q. 


CONTENTS  FOR  DECEMBER,  1942 

On  Christmas  DAy  in  the  Morning  -         -         -         -         -         -         -  91.3 

Canada  Goes  to  South  Africa       -----         M.   McLimont  914 

Blood  Transfusion  in  a  Gynaecological  Service         -         -     G.   Wilson,  M  D.  92 1 

Important  Emergency  Measures   -----         M.  Lindebmgh  923 

Interim  Report  -         -         -         -         -         -         -         -  K.  W.  Ellh  926 

Notes  from  the  National  Office  _______  927 

Report  of  Bursary  Award  Committee    -         -         -         -         -   F.    Munroe  933 

How  THE  Federal  Grant  is  used  in  the  U.  S.  A.      -         -         -  -         -  935 

Last  Post  ___________  938 

Health  Education  in  the  Regina  Normal  School     -         -         -      £.    Smith  941 

The  Toronto  Committee  on  Instruction  -         -         -         -     M.  Gibson  943 

Puerperal  Thrombosis  _________  947 

Internal  Medicine  and  the  Student  Nurse     -         -         -         Z).  M.  Balizan  949 

News  Notes      _____------  955 

Off  Duty  ___________  964 

Official  Directory     _______--  965 

Index  for  Volume  38  _________  975 


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90S 


Vol.   38.  No.   12 


COMFORT 


If  your  prescription  for  a  vaginal  douche  reads— 
"Lorate— use  as  directed,"  you  have  the  assurance 
that  your  patient  obtains  these  benefits: 

A  pleasant  scented  powder  that  is  suitable  for  the 
preparation  of  a  hot,  tepid,  or  cold  irrigation,  its  deter- 
gent action  always  equally  effective  .  .  . 

A  douche  that  is  well  adapted  for  routine  cleansing 
after  menstruation;  douching  after  childbirth  and  after 
gynecological  operations;  as  a  detergent  in  leukorrhea. 
Trichomonas  vaginalis  and  other  forms  of  vaginitis;  in 
cervicitis;  for  pessary  wearers,  and  as  a  deodorant  in 
conditions  attended  by  fetid  discharge. 

Lorate  is  a  skillful  blend  of  sodium  perborate,  sodium 
bicarbonate,  and  sodium  chloride,  with  menthol  and 
aromatics. 

If  you  desire  a  trial  supply  of  Lorate,  please  write  a  request 
on  your  letterhead.  Lorate  is  supplied  in  8-ounce  containers. 

WATERBURY  CHEMICAL  CO.  OF  CANADA,  LTD. 
727  King  Street,  West  •  Toronto,  Ont. 


909 


Reader's  Guide 


We  wish  you  a  Merry  Christmas  with 
a  light  heart  because,  as  these  notes  are 
written,  we  can  still  hear  the  echoes  of  the 
church  bells  in  Britain  ringing  out  over  the 
world  after  a  silence  of  more  than  two 
years.  Perhaps  before  another  Christmas 
comes  around  we  shall  hear  the  chimes  of 
peace   on   earth,   goodwill   toward   men. 


Every  nurse  in  Canada  should  give  close 
attention  to  the  message  from  the  president 
of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association  which 
appears  under  the  caption  of  Important 
Emergency  Measures.  Miss  Lindeburgh  tells 
us  quite  plainly  that  we  are  now  being  called 
upon  to  make  decisions  that  may  profoundly 
affect  the  future  of  nursing  in  Canada. 
Every  nursing  group  in  this  country  should 
devote  at  least  one  meeting  to  a  careful 
analysis  of  the  president's  statement  especial- 
ly in  its  relationship  to  the  very  important 
announcements  which  appear  in  Notes  from 
the  National  Office.  Then,  too,  there  is 
much  to  be  learned  from  our  friends  across 
the  border  especially  in  relation  to  the  al- 
location of  Federal  aid.  So  be  sure  to  read 
the  article  reprinted  from  The  American 
Journal  of  Nursing.  They  are  doing  a  good 
job  over  there  and  are  setting  us  a  fine 
■example. 


Thanks  to  the  kindness  and  courtesy  of 
Mrs.  J.  C.  McLimont,  we  proudly  present 
a  thrilling  story  about  Canadian  nurses  in 
South  Africa,  written  by  her  daughter, 
Marguerite  McLimont.  Her  vivid  descrip- 
tion of  the  voyage  and  of  the  African  scene 
itself  are  alike  admirable.  Nursing  Sister 
McLimont  is  a  graduate  of  the  School  of 
Nursing  of  the  Royal  Victoria  Hospital, 
Montreal,  and  was  recently  promoted  to  the 
rank  of  captain. 


The  increasing  use  of  blood  transfusion 
as  a  therapeutic  agent  is  always  a  timely 
topic.  Dr.  Gordon  Wilson  offers  some  in- 
teresting notes  on  its  value  in  a  gynecolo- 
gical service.     At  the  time  the  article  was 


written  Dr.  Wilson  was  a  senior  resident 
at  the  Montreal  General  Hospital.  He  is 
now  Surgeon-lieutenant  in  the  Royal  Cana- 
dian  Navy. 


Saskatchewan  has  always  handled  its  health 
problem  with  foresight  and  energy.  Elizabeth 
Smith  gives  a  stimulating  account  of  the 
program  whereby  the  student  teachers  learn 
to  keep  well  themselves  and  how  to  teach 
their  pupils  to  do  likewise.  Miss  Smith  is 
the  instructor  in  health  in  the  Provincial 
Normal  School,  Regina. 


The  Toronto  Committee  on  Instruction  al- 
ready has  an  enviable  record  of  achievement. 
Miriam  Gibson  tells  of  its  origin  and  devel- 
opment and  refers  to  its  active  interest  in 
making  examinations  for  registration  more 
effective. 


The  preparation  of  the  Index  for  the 
thirty-eighth  volume  of  the  Journal  proved 
to  be  a  bigger  job  than  ever  before.  There 
were  many  more  pages  than  in  1941  and 
when  it  came  to  keeping  track  of  what  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association  is  doing  we 
found  we  had  our  hands  full.  All  three  Na- 
tional Sections  have  their  own  special  pages 
now  and  together  they  brought  in  some  ex- 
cellent material.  We  are  beginning  to  hope 
that  our  long  cherished  dream  may  some  day 
come  true  and,  at  long  last,  Canadian  nurses 
may  use  their  own  journal  as  a  working 
tool  and  a  means  of  expression. 

Unfortunately,  an  analysis  of  the  Index 
shows  that  there  is  still  one  fundamental 
subject  that  is  not  receiving  the  attention  it 
deserves.  Articles  on  public  health  nursing 
and  various  aspects  of  teaching  and  super- 
vision are  relatively  easy  to  get.  They  are 
always  good  and  sometimes  excellent.  But 
no  matter  how  we  try  we  cannot  get  nearly 
enough  on  the  actual  nursing  care  of  the 
patient.  This  is  a  distinct  challenge  to  gen- 
eral staff  nurses  who  are  the  experts  in  this 
field. 


-910 


pifTiiE  OF  i  mmm 

min  a  little  tmte.  ta  hlmAell! 

He  decided  to  save  time  by  prescribing  S.M.A. 
because  S.M.A.  simplifies  "Formula  Troubles." 
Don't  take  our  word  for  It — in  a  recent  survey 
among  3,935  physicians  who  fed  S.M.A.,  of 
those  reporting — 

76%  said  S.M.A.  saved  time 

85%  observed    freedom    from    digestive    upsets. 


SJA.A.  BIOCHEMICAL  DIVISION  —  John  Wyeth  &  Brother  (Canada)  Limited 
WALKERVIILE,     ONTARIO 


If  patients  in  your  hospital  are  laxative-shy — and  a  good 
many   undoubtedly   are  —  give   them    Para-Syllia.    This 
pleasant-acting   mechanical   laxative  —  although   it   con- 
tains 80%  heavy  mineral  oil  —  is  entirely  free  from  the 
disagreeable,  oily  taste  so  many  patients  find  objection- 
able.    Instead,    Para-Syllia    has    a    delicate,    appealing 
flavor  that  is  acceptable  to  children  and  adults  alike.  Because 
its   mineral   oil   base   is   finely   emulsified,   Para-Syllia  mixes 
intimately  with  intestinal  contents,  producing  a  soft,  formed 
stool  and  minimizing  embarrassing  leakage.  An  additional  advan- 
tage  of   Para-Syllia   is   that   it   may   be   mixed,   if   desired,    with 
liquids  or  solid  foods.  Since  it  contains  no  sugar,  Para-Syllia  is  a 
desirable   laxative   for   diabetics   suffering   from   chronic   intestinal 
stasis.  For  more  obstinate  cases  of  constipation,   Para-Syllia  with 
Phenolphthalein,  each  tablespoonful  containing  approximately  %  gr.       j 
of  phenolphthalein,  is  recommended.  Both  are  supplied  in  12-ounce  ^ 

wide-mouth  bottles.  Abbott  Laboratories,  Ltd.,  Montreal.  ^ 


Para-Syllia 


912 


CANADIAN   NURSE 

A     MONTHLY     JOURNAL     FOR     THE     NURSES     OF     CANADA 

PUBLISHEDBY     THE     CANADIAN     NURSES     ASSOCIATION 

VOLUME  THIRTY-EIGHT  NUMBER  TWELVE 

DECEMBER  1942 


On  Christmas  Day  in  the  Morning 


Through  the  centuries  the  signifi- 
cance of  Christmas  has  been  interpreted 
in  many  ways  but,  in  spite  of  brazen 
commercialization,  it  remains  a  day 
which  is  dedicated  to  friendship  and 
good  will.  Apart  from  the  religious  as- 
sociations which  this  Day  has  made 
sacred  to  all  of  us,  we  cherish  the  old 
pagan  conception  that  the  sun  has  halted 
on  its  southern  journey  and  that  the 
earth  has  tilted  ever  so  little  away 
from  Winter  and  toward  the  Spring. 

For  quite  a  long  time  it  hasn't  been 
easy  to  make  a  very  convincing  display 
of  the  Christmas  spirit.  First  there  were 
the  hideous  years  of  depression  and  un- 
employment and  then  came  the  war. 
But  this  year  it  seems  different.  It  is 
like  being  on  night  duty  and  watching 
the  first  gray  glimmer  of  light  in  the 
East  that  comes  long  before  the  dawn. 
The  idea  that  this  may  be  so  came 
to  us  from  a  strange  source.  We  came 
upon  a  commercial  advertisement  in  the 
American  magazine,  "Time",  sponsored 


DECEMBER,   1942 


by  the  Pan  American  Air  Ways  System, 
and  found  this  arresting  comment: 
"never  before  in  the  world's  history  has 
the  brotherhood  of  man  been  so  close  to 
reality  as  it  is  today.  For,  the  instant  we 
win  this  war,  all  geografhical  barriers 
will  pass  away".  Nor  was  this  all.  Along 
with  it  was  a  forthright  statement  signed 
by  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury — "the 
aim  of  a  Christian  social  order  is  the 
fullest  possible  development  of  indivi- 
dual personality  in  the  widest  and  deep- 
est possible  fellowship".  The  Archbishop 
affirmed  his  belief  that  this  fellowship 
can  only  be  attained  when  every  citizen 
is  assured  of  employment  and  of  a  suf- 
ficient return  from  his  labour  to  bring 
up  his  children  decently.  He  insists  that 
every  child  ought  to  have  an  education 
which  is  inspired  by  faith  in  God.  He 
claims  that  every  worker  should  have 
a  voice  in  the  conduct  of  the  business 
or  industry  carried  on  by  means  of  his 
labour.  He  holds  to  the  hard-won  rights 
of  free  speech,  assembly  and  association 


913 


914 


THE    C  A  N  A  D  I  A  N    NURSE 


for  special  purposes.  And  he  contends 
that  there  is  no  hope  of  establishing  a 
Christian  Order  except  through  the  la- 
bour and  sacrifice  of  those  in  whom 
the  Spirit  of  Christ  is  active. 

At  first  it  may  seem  strange  that  the 
thinking    of    a    grreat     religious    leader 


should  reach  us  through  a  modern  com- 
mercial enterprise.  But  when  one  comes 
to  think  of  it,  it  is  natural  and  right 
that  it  should  do  so.  Perhaps,  at  last,  it 
is  Christmas  Day  in  the  morning. 

■ -E.J. 


Canada  Goes  to  South  Africa 


Marguerite  McLimont 


The  120  Canadian  nurses  in  our 
group  are  scattered  all  over  South  Afri- 
ca. Luckily  all  the  ones  I  got  to  know 
and  liked  are  here.  I  don't  mind  admit- 
ting I  was  worn  out  after  two  months 
travelling — always  rushed,  crowded,  and 


Nursing  Sisters  Lolita  Best,  Aida 

MacMillan,  and  Marguerite 

McLimont 


never  knowing  what  was  happening 
next.  However,  it  was  lots  of  fun  and 
an  amazing  experience  and  I  would 
not  have  missed  it  for  anything.  I  wrote 
you  about  finding  ourselves  in  England 
instead  of  South  America  as  we  exf>ected, 
and  of  our  week's  leave,  and  all  we  did 
there.  Afterwards,  we  went  back  to 
camp  at  Bramshott.  Everyone  was  mar- 
vellous to  us  there  and  so  glad  to  see  us 
and  to  hear  recent  news  of  Canada. 
From  Bramshott  we  were  divided  into 
five  groups,  for  safety,  and  shot  off  se- 
cretly on  different  days,  to  unknown 
ports.  Extraordinary  feeling,  not  know- 
ing where  one  is  going  to.  We  eventual- 
ly found  ourselves  boarding  a  small  ship 
in  Bristol,  and  joined  the  rest  of  the 
convoy  outside  Greenock,  and  then,  over 
the  Irish  Sea  again.  Fog  was  with  us, 
so  we  travelled  fast.  Our  ship  was  the 
smallest  and  we  were  the  tail-end  of 
the  huge  convoy  all  the  way  here.  It 
was  quite  a  come-down  boarding  a  lit- 
tle ship  packed  to  the  limit,  with  no 
deck  space,  and  only  a  tiny  swimming- 
bath  edge  to  get  air  on.  However  we 
soon  got  used  to  it.  The  troops  below 
were  the  ones  who  had  the  bad  time.  It 

Vol.   38,  No.   12 


CANADA     GOES     TO     SOUTH     AFRICA 


We  didn't  know  where  zve  were  going — all  very  secret- 

t'tonsy  7io  Clothing. 


10  talkingy  no  ques- 


reminded  me  of  convict  days;  there 
were  over  three  thousand  of  them. 

Complete  blackout  reigned  at  night  of 
course,  which  meant  all  windows  and 
doors  shut,  and  in  the  crowded  lounge 
in  the  evenings  the  air  was  thick,  es- 
pecially during  the  heat  at  the  Equator, 
so  we  would  escape  up  to  the  swimming- 
deck  and  gaze  at  the  velvet  black  ocean, 
and  stars,  and  phosphorescence,  and  feel 
in  a  world  apart,  throbbing  through  end- 
less waters,  mostly  calm,  warm  and 
enervating  to  the  extent  that  childhood 
and  the  present  were  vivid,  but  the  mid- 
dle of  my  life  went  nil.  I  might  never 
have  travelled  or  been  anywhere  before, 
and  could  not  talk  of  it,  as  no  mem- 
ories came,  so  I  wasn't  a  very  interest- 
ing companion.  They  say  the  tropics  af- 
fect people  in  queer  ways.  Well,  I  just 
went  blank  for  a  while,  but  it  did  not 
seem  to  worry  anyone  but  myself. 

The  score  and  a  half  of  black  objects 
by    night,    and    grey   ships   by   day,    be- 


came good  friends,  and  I  should  hate 
to  sail  the  ocean  in  a  solitary  ship  after 
this,  with  nothing  to  look  at  but  the  sea. 
Two  of  Britain's  biggest  battle  ships 
came  with  us,  plus  many  other  lesser 
ones,  and  it  was  fascinating  watching 
them  scouting  about  the  convoy,  looking 
for  submarines.  Whistles  blew  by  night, 
and  flags  went  up  bv  day  every  so  often, 
and  every  ship  changed  its  course  —  a 
sight  worth  seeing  —  and  so  we  zig- 
zagged over  the  ocean.  Why  we  did  not 
bump  into  each  other  by  night  is  a 
mystery  to  me  still.  Gun  practice  made 
us  sit  up  and  take  notice.  Such  terrific 
explosions  from  such  tiny  guns,  I'd 
never  do  for  the  front  line! 

Five  days  we  stopped  at  Freetown  in 
thick  humid  heat.  Luckily  we  were  far 
enough  from  shore  and  were  not  wor- 
ried by  mosquitoes.  Other  ships  were, 
and  one  of  the  120  nurses  caught  ma- 
laria. Every  port  we  stopped  at  would 
gladden   your  heart.   Who  said   Britain 


DECEMBER,   1942 


915 


916 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


had  lost  half  her  ships  or  control  of  the 
seas?  I  saw  a  great  armada  of  ships  at 
Spithead  after  the  Coronation  but  I  have 
seen  more,  many  more,  of  all  kinds  and 
shapes,  so  many  I  lost  count,  and  that 
not  in  one  harbour  but  in  many  on  this 
voyage,  all  going  places  in  convoys.  In 
fact,  for  two  months  we  lived  with 
ships  and  the  Army,  British  for  the  most 
part,  and  only  one  week  with  the 
Americans  and  that  was  at  first.  You 
have  to  take  off  your  hat  to  the  British 
every  time.  Lads,  only  lads,  off  to  the 
ends  of  the  earth,  ex-Dunkirkers,  ex- 
Commandos,  going  to  do  more  com- 
mando work.  Heaven  knows  where.  Ex- 
naval  men,  taking  on  ships  again,  ex- 
everything,  still  carrying  on  with  such 
grown-up  attitudes  to  life  and  the 
world  and  events,  that  Canadians, 
Americans,  South  Africans  even,  who 
have  had  some  fighting  in  their  own 
country,  seem  like  children.  At  Free- 
town we  sweltered,  and  had  nothing  to 
do.    We    drank   orange   juice,    had    no- 


where to  exercise  and  use  up  excess 
energy,  but  we  lived  through  it  and  in 
comfort,  compared  to  the  troops  who 
lined  the  decks  below,  sleeping  under 
life-boats.  The  moon  shone  and  it  was 
lovely  with  the  lights  shining  from  the 
shore.  The  army  had  not  seen  lights 
like  it  for  nearly  three  years!  But  all  so 
odd — I  could  not  live  in  the  tropics. 

Africa!  I  couldn't  believe  it — and  so 
different  to  what  I  had  expected  it  to 
look  like.  Red  soil,  odd  scrubby  trees  for 
the  most  part,  huge  ones  here  and  there, 
and  some  palms  on  the  shore.  But  the 
mountains  have  a  bare  look,  high  shrubs 
rather  than  trees  on  them.  Untidv  native 
quarters  and  out-of-place  white  man's 
buildings  on  the  hillsides  that  looked 
like  fine  dwellings.  It  was  (and  still 
is)  winter,  so,  through  the  glasses  I 
saw  no  flowering  trees  or  shrubs,  though 
they  say  it  is  ablaze  in  summer.  Life 
went  on  aboard  ship  and  some  of  the 
nurses  from  another  ship  were  allowed 
to  2:et  into  a  life-boat  and  come  over  to 


Our  grouf  of  thirty-one  nurses  on  board  ship  en  route  to  South  Africa. 

Vol.    38.   No.    12 


A 


CANADA  GOES  TO  SOUTH  AFRICA 


In  our  gas-masks  and  helmets.    The  mask  bag  should  hang  behind  the  left 
shoulder  but  we  had  to  shoiv  them! 


see  us  (not  aboard,  but  we  hailed  them 
and  talked  to  them  over  the  edge).  Na- 
tives paddled  about  in  vi^hat  looked  like 
huge  dugout  canoes,  with  wide  bladed 
paddles.  The  darkness  came  as  soon  as 
the  sun  went  down.  The  sunsets  were 
beautiful,  but  all  over  in  ten  minutes. 

There  was  a  sigh  of  relief  from 
everyone,  even  the  ship  I  think,  when 
at  last  we  pulled  out  of  Freetown  Har- 
bour. A  weight  seemed  to  lift  and  activi- 
ty began  again.  Lectures  on  India  and 
South  America  were  given.  There  were 
concerts  and  card  parties  and  a  cool 
brisk  breeze  sprang  up  on  deck.  The 
nurses  put  on  a  skit  "The  Lighthouse 
Keeper's  Daughter".  About  seven  of  us 
— all  in  pantomime — acted  it.  I  was  the 
policeman  and  it  was  a  riot.  I  had  a 
naval  officer's  blue  uniform  minus  the 
trimmings,  with  a  white  "topee",  huge 
boots,  and  a  sailor  made  me  a  beautiful 
truncheon. 

Then   came   Cape   7 Own   with   huge 


square  mountains  behind  it,  covered 
with  a  cloud,  or  "table  cloth"  as  they 
call  it.  We  lived  on  board  the  ship 
for  two  days,  going  on  shore  during 
the  afternoons  and  evenings.  Such  a 
thrill  after  five  weeks  of  water — and 
how  the  officers  and  soldiers  enjoyed 
those  bright  lights!  We  found  Cape 
Town  (and  now  the  other  South  Afri- 
can cities)  much  more  like  Canadian 
and  American  rather  than  European 
towns.  I  don't  know  what  I  expected, 
something  uniquely  African  I  suppose. 
Well,  it  isn't  that  exactly.  There  are 
English  names  on  shops  and  places  and 
streets,  American  goods  in  the  shops, 
and  an  odd  assortment  of  buildings 
ranging  from  the  Dutch  style  to  mod- 
ern architecture.  Some  side  streets  are 
narrower  than  in  Quebec  and  the  main 
ones  are  very  wide.  There  are  high  gal- 
leries all  around  some  of  the  houses, 
where  one  sits  out.  The  flowers  were 
amazing     blooms     and     colours,     mere 


DECEMBER,    1942 


917 


918 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


weeds  from  the  country,  I  was  told. 
Well,  the  mere  weeds  are  gorgeous,  and 
so  odd  ajid  so  big. 

The  South  Africans  seem  most  pa- 
triotic. Shops  are  shut  two  afternoons 
a  week  and  the  employees  do  war  work 
in  that  time.  At  twelve  o'clock  each 
day  the  "Last  Post"  sounds  on  the 
streets,  and  everyone  stands  still — or 
stands  up  if  eating — and  there  is  two 
minutes  silence  until  the  Reveille  sounds. 
Then  the  city  carries  on  again.  We 
asked  what  it  was  all  about  and  were 
told  it  was  a  sign  of  respect — that  the)' 
felt  that  that  was  all  they  could  do.  The 
racial  feeling  is  much  like  that  in  Que- 
bec Province  plus  the  native  one.  The 
crowded  streets  were  an  amazing  sight. 
People  from  all  over  the  world —  sol- 
diers, natives,  South  African  and  new- 
comers. I  never  saw  such  a  crowded 
jolly  jostling  lot,  all  glad  to  get  off  ships 
for  a  while.  The  troop  ships  come  in 
and  the  place  swarms. 

Oranges  the  size  of  grapefruit,  pine- 
apples for  two  cents,  every  kind  of  fruit, 
and  all  delicious  to  taste.  What  a  coun- 
try! Of  course  being  winter,  the  ground 
is  hard,  the  foliage  and  the  grass  is 
brown,  and  the  dust  is  terrific.  The  rains 
come  any  time  from  September  to  Dec- 
ember and  the  world  turns  green  over 
night  and  everything  flowers,  though 
goodness  knows  they  have  enough 
flowers  in  gardens  now — stocks,  violets, 
marigolds,  poppies,  hybiscus,  bougain- 
vilia,  poinsettias,  roses,  and  gorgeous 
sweet  peas,  clarkia  and  delphinums,  glo- 
rious colours.  I  expect  it  is  the  natural 
shrubs  and  trees  and  wild  flowers  that 
bloom  in  spring  and  summer.  The  veldt 
is  carpeted  with  them.  Everyone  has 
been  so  kind.  They  stop  us  on  the  street 
and  talk  and  ask  questions  and  the  sol- 
diers are  taken  for  drives.  They  are  the 
most  hospitable,  friendly  people. 

We  were  all  sorry  to  leave  the  ship. 


We  had  thought  her  so  small  and 
crowded  at  first  but  after  five  weeks 
she  seemed  like  home.  However  we 
boarded  the  train  and  awoke  next  morn- 
ing in  the  Karoo  desert.  We  missed  see- 
ing all  the  beautiful  mountains  as  we 
climbed  at  night.  The  Karoo  is  an  ex- 
traordinary large  plateau  somewhat  like 
the  prairies,  but  instead  of  wheat  fields 
it  grows  millions  and  millions  of  anthills 
— like  red  stacks  of  oats.  There  is  also 
a  funny  tufty  bush,  like  the  stuff  that 
blows  around  Oregon. 

We  stopped  at  Kimberly  for  eight 
hours.  A  dead  city  now — very  few  live 
there  and  streets  are  empty — yet  how 
it  thrived  years  ago,  until  they  found 
they  were  producing  too  many  dia- 
monds, and  had  to  close  the  mines. 
Some  officers  took  us  to  see  a  mine.  A 
great  hole — sheer  rock — it  takes  about 
half  an  hour  to  walk  around  it  deep 
down  into  the  earth.  It  takes  a  stone  a 
whole  minute  to  splash  into  the  water 
below,  and  a  small  stone  makes  a  roar 
like  a  cannon  when  it  hits — the  echo  I 
mean.  I  kept  hoping  to  pick  up  a  dia- 
mond but  didn't  find  one.  No  good  any- 
way as  you  have  to  hand  it  to  the  Gov- 
ernment if  you  do.  Then  we  went  to 
the  Officers  Mess,  the  only  decent  dwel- 
ling around,  as  far  as  I  could  see — Cecil 
Rhodes'  old  house,  I  believe.  Trees 
around  it,  a  real  treat  in  this  bare  land, 
and  gorgeous  grounds  in  summer  but  all 
brown  and  dead  now. 

The  trains  are  odd,  a  cross  between 
our  Canadian  "chamberettes"  and  the 
English  sleepers.  We  found  them 
cramped  and  hit  our  heads,  and  bumped 
ourselves,  and  the  service  was  poor,  as 
it  is  everywhere  now  on  account  of  the 
war.  They  have  to  save  as  they  have 
to  import  everything.  We  travelled  on 
again  by  night  from  Kimberly  to  Johan- 
nesburg and  missed  all  the  mountains 
again.     By    travelling    by    night,     and 


Vol.   38,  No.    12 


CANADA     GOES    TO     S  O  U  T*H     AFRICA 


919 


losing  the  mountain  scenery,  my  im- 
pressions of  Africa  are  of  a  flat  country 
with  rocky  bumps  of  varying  sizes  here 
and  there.  From  Cape  Town  to  Johan- 
nesburg is  a  mere  1000  miles — quite 
near — from  here  to  Cairo  is  5000  miles 
or  so.  Johannesburg  is  6000  feet  above 
sea  level,  and  much  colder.  The  days 
are  cloudless,  bright  sun  and  warm,  the 
nights  cold.  As  there  is  no  heat  in  huts 
or  houses,  we  have  shivered. 

Trucks  met  us  at  the  station,  and  we 
drove  through  the  richest  city  in  the 
world,  in  the  early  hours  of  the  morning. 
.An  enormous  city,  big  modern  buildings, 
almost  skyscrapers,  very  streamlined  and 
of  a  modern  architectural  style.  Just  on 
the  outskirts  on  every  side  and  even  in 
the  suburbs,  are  the  gold  mines  with 
their  enormous  dumps,  just  like  small 
mountains,  of  pale  yellow  clayey  sub- 
stance. An  extraordinary  sight,  stand- 
ing up  with  their  flat  tops  on  the  slightly 
rolling  countryside.  Some  mines  go  two 
miles  below  sea  level.  Everything  is  up 
to  date  and  modern  but  these  days  you 
buy  a  heater  and  cannot  get  the  fixtures. 
Transportation  isn't  what  it  used  to  be 
from  the  U.  S.  A.  and  England  so  they 
are  short  of  more  things  than  Canada 
is,  and  make  nothing  themselves.  You 
see,  they  were  so  rich  in  gold  thev  just 
imported  everything,  so  why  bother 
about  manufacturing  things?  And  now 
they  are  stuck. 

Some  miles  outside  Johannesburg  we 
finally  arrived  at  Camp.  The  hospital 
and  the  surrounding  buildings  were  just 
completed  two  months  ago — 1500  beds. 
A  huge  place,  all  brick  buildings,  very 
nice  indeed  but  the  equipment  not  all 
here  yet.  It  comes  by  degrees.  It  is  a 
fenced-off  part  of  the  endless  slightly 
rolling,  red-earth  miles  of  typical  veldt 
(pronounced  "felt")  country.  An  oc- 
casional patch  of  trees,  and  a  bare  rocky 
bump  like  Mt.  Bruno  outside  Montreal 


every  now  and  then.  I  was  so  disap- 
pointed at  first,  but  too  busy  to  think 
much  about  it.  But  the  lights  are  ever 
changing,  and  at  early  morning  and  at 
sunset  it  is  beautiful.  Africa  grows  on 
one.  The  terra  cotta  earth  gives  colour. 
It  is  the  real  African  colour,  a  beautiful 
shade.  The  natives  are  strange,  repul- 
sive, attractive  and  picturesque  with  their 
bright  colours  and  blankets,  the  brighter 
the  colour  the  better  they  look —  civilian 
clothes  do  not  suit  them.  I  never  saw 
so  much  emptv  space,  but  then  of  course 
I  have  not  been  out  west  in  Canada. 

One  feels  at  home  with  the  friendly 
people  and  customs  and  language  and 
towns  and  shops  very  like  those  at  home. 
We  had  two  days  to  unpack  and  another 
group  of  nurses  came  the  next  day.  The 
convoy  had  split  in  half,  the  other  half 
had  gone  to  Durban,  so  30  more  of  our 
120  joined  us  here  from  Durban.  The 
rest  were  scattered  to  other  military 
hospitals  all  over  the  Union.  We  con- 
sider ourselves  very  lucky  in  being  here 
in  a  new  hospital  and  all  Imperial  troops 
to  nurse.  It  is  a  South  African  Hospital 
taken  over  by  the  British  Government 
for  the  duration.  The  majority  of  nurses 
now  here  are  Canadian,  the  others  are 
South  African  who  seem  very  English 
and  very  nice.  The  first  thing  we  did 
was  to  go  to  town  and  buy  ourselves  a 
heater,  an  iron  and  lamps.  Things  are 
double  and  treble  the  price  we  pay  at 
home,  and  our  £13  a  month  won't  go 
far.  It  amounts  to  about  one-third  the 
pay  the  Canadian  Army  Nurses  get,  so 
we  shall  have  to  cut  our  living  to  our 
pay.  It  won't  be  hard  once  we  get  es- 
sentials. We  are  two  in  a  room  in  a  hut 
of  six  rooms.  There  are  dozens  of  these 
huts  with  wash  rooms  here  and  there. 
There  are  300  nurses  in  all,  80  Cana- 
dians, 50  South  Africans,  and  235  probie 
V.A.D's.  We  are  called  staff  nurses  and 
spoken  to  as  "Sister"  and  the  V.A.D.^s 


DECEMBER,   1942 


920 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


are  called  "Nurse".  Staff  nurses  have 
two  pips,  and  heads  of  wards  are  3  pip- 
pers  (Captains).  The  doctors  are  South 
African.  I  went  on  night  duty  in  a  medi- 
cal ward  and  luckily,  so  did  my  pals,  so  it 
is  very  pleasant  when  off  duty.  On  our 
nights  off  we  go  to  town  by  bus  and 
shop,  dine  and  see  a  show.  We  are  on 
nights  for  two  months.  So  far  it  has  not 
been  hard,  as  the  patients  are  now  con- 
valescent, and  we  are  awaiting  another 
convoy  of  wounded  from  the  Middle 
East.  The  work  is  what  I  came  for. 
The  men  here  now  are  from  Madagas- 
car, India,  Burma,  Singapore  and  Libya, 
so  it  is  very  satisfactory  to  feel  that 
though  thousands  of  miles  from  the 
front,  one  is  at  least  nursing  the 
wounded  straight  from  there.  It  is  most 
interesting  hearing  all  their  experiences. 
One  day,  when  off  duty,  I  was  asked 
to  go  for  a  drive  to  Pretoria.  People  just 
drive  out  and  ask  to  take  nurses  drives, 
or  to  their  homes.  This  was  a  dear  old 
man  and  woman  and  so  I  and  two  other 
nurses  went  with  them  and  after  seeing 
the  sights  of  the  city,  which  is  the  capital 
and  has  parliament  buildings  something 
like  Ottawa,  we  went  to  their  house  for 
tea.  We  saw  the  country  round  about 
and  drove  back  with  the  gorgeous  sun- 
set lighting  up  the  hills.  The  country 
along  the  thirty  miles  to  "Jo-burg"  is 
much  the  same,  more  bumpy  hills  and 
bigger  ones.  There  is  a  lovely  view  of 
the  city  from  the  Union  Building,  as  the 
Parliament  Building  is  called.  The 
houses,  of  the  bungalow  style,  have  sur- 
prising gardens,  every  kind  of  shrub  and 
flowers,  and  lemons  growing  like  ap- 
ples in  our  Canadian  gardens. 


Last  Sunday  we  were  taken  to  a 
native  dance  at  the  mining  native  Com- 
pound in  Germistown,  a  sort  of  suburb 
of  "Jo-burg".  It  was  an  amazing  sight 
and  beat  any  New  York  show  for  co- 
lour, rhythm,  precision,  grace,  music 
and  barbaric  ferocity.  They  would 
scare  the  wits  out  of  you,  if  you  met 
them  in  the  jungle.  I  had  enough  seeing 
them  ten  yards  from  you  and  knowing 
they  were  mine  workers  dressed  in 
their  native  war  paint.  No,  native  un- 
dress is  more  like  it!  Tufts  of  fur  on 
arms,  legs  and  middle,  and  ostrich  fea- 
ther head-dress,  and  bright  coloured 
rags.  Different  tribes  were  contesting 
on  the  Compound  (green,  so  to  speak). 
Sunday  is  their  hoHday,  so  they  go 
native  and  dance,  and  love  it.  The  only 
thing  is  that  they  get  so  worked  up  that 
the  police  had  to  stop  them.  Their 
muscles  ripple,  and  there  are  holes  left 
in  the  ground  from  their  stampings. 
Their  movements  are  like  lightning,  and 
perfect  natural  timing,  nothing  loose- 
jointed,  or  indolent  about  them.  For 
music  there  are  drums  made  of  skins — 
and  their  own  voices.  Now  I  see  how 
they  send  messages  by  drums  over  space. 
The  persistent  and  monotonous  beat  can 
be  heard  for  miles,  and  stays  in  your 
head  for  hours  afterwards. 

And  so  the  work  goes  on.  Many 
things  are  different — medicines,  and 
customs — but  being  with  such  a  bunch 
of  Canadians,  it  does  not  seem  as 
strange.  We  are  lucky  to  be  here  instead 
of  stranded  in  some  God-forsaken  spot. 
A  lot  to  be  thankful  for — people  are  so 
kind,  and  all  is  so  interesting  and  dif- 
ferent. 


Vol.   38,   No.    12 


Blood  Transfusion  in  a  Gynaecological  Service 


Gordon  Wilson,  M.  D. 


It  is  a  well  established  fact  that  any 
clinic  that  has  become  known  for  its 
accomplishments,  statistical  records  show- 
ing low  morbidity,  low  mortality,  diver- 
sity and  multiplicity  of  surgical  proce- 
dures, etc.,  owes  its  record  to  the  suc- 
cessful accomplishment  of  three  factors: 
(a)  preoperative  convalescence;  (b) 
the  skill  of  the  clinician  and  his  assistants; 
(c)  postoperative  convalescence.  The 
responsibility  of  factors  (a)  and  (c) 
falls  largely  on  the  interne  and  nursing 
staff.  In  our  present  wartime  basis  this 
responsibility  has  increased.  Remember 
this  well:  no  matter  how  skilful  the 
clinician,  the  ukimate  success  of  public 
ward  work  depends  on  the  co-operation 
and  attitude  of  the  interne  staff  with 
that  of  the  nurse  in  charge  and  her 
nursing  staff. 

In  this  short  discussion  we  would 
like  to  deal  with  the  value  of  blood 
transfusion  on  a  gynaecological  ward, 
preferably  during  preoperative  convales- 
cence and/or  in  postoperative  convales- 
cence. In  probably  about  twenty-five 
percent  of  our  cases  it  is  safe  to  say  that 
blood  transfusion,  if  given,  would  be 
the  most  important  single  measure  at 
our  disposal  in  the  preoperative  conva- 
lescence of  a  gynaecological  patient.  It 
is  only  when  we  try  to  approximate  this 
figure  in  actual  ward  work  that  one 
begins  to  realize  the  improvement  in 
results  both  immediate  and  on  discharge. 

We  must  then  realize  and  demon- 
strate two  facts  satisfactorily:  (a)  Why 
is  it  necessary,  and  today  almost  essen- 
tial, to  carry  out  this  therapy.''  (b)  Are 
there  any  reasons  for  not  carrying  out 
this  type  of  therapy.?  In  answer  to  the 
first  question,  as  applied  to  a  gynaecol- 
ogical ward,  one  has  just  to  enumerate 


those  conditions  where  there  is  a  loss  of 
blood,  externally,  internally,  which  may 
be  acute  in  nature  or  prolonged  repeated 
loss  of  small  amounts;  in  other  words, 
we  are  dealing  with  a  true  secondary 
anemia.  One  fact  is  singularly  striking — 
the  average  woman  does  not  report  for 
medical  care  for  from  three  to  six 
months,  if  the  nature  of  the  bleeding  is 
merely  an  increased  loss  of  blood  with 
each  menstrual  period;  if  it  is  near  the 
time  of  the  menopause;  or  if  it  is  bleed- 
ing, the  source  of  which  she  is  cognizant 
and  does  not  wish  to  divulge  for  per- 
sonal or  social  reasons.  This  type  of  pa- 
tient carries  on  with  the  hope  that  it 
will  subside,  and  usually  reports  when 
a  gradually  increasing  physical  weakness 
overtakes  her,  seldom  admitting  the  ex- 
tent and  duration  of  the  bleeding.  The 
true  index  of  the  extent  of  the  bleeding 
is  brought  out  by  a  hemogram.  Acute 
internal  hemorrhage  is  best  recognized 
by  the  shock  and  subsequent  drop  in 
blood  pressure.  The  hemogram  may  not 
show  this  picture  for  several  hours. 

A  list  of  the  gynaecological  causes  of 
secondary  anemia  is  rather  impressive. 
It  is  true  that  the  progress  of  this  type 
of  anemia  may  be  stopped  by  such  means 
at  our  disposal  as  endocrine  therapy, 
mechanical  means,  and  surgical  inter- 
vention, but  this  does  not  cure  the  pre- 
sent deficit  of  blood.  Today  there  is  no 
quicker  or  more  gratifying  method  than 
transfusion  of  citrated  blood.  The  res- 
ponse to  iron  therapy  alone  is  much  too 
slow  to  be  of  value  either  where  surgery 
is  being  contemplated  or  where  it  has 
been  done. 

Patients  in  whom  secondary  anemia 
exist  fall  into  two  classes:  (a)  operative, 
(b)  non-operative.  In  the  former,  blood 


DECE.MBER,   1942 


921 


922 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


transfusion  is  essential,  while  in  the  lat- 
ter it  is  a  procedure  which  will  cut  down 
the  duration  of  convalescence  enormous- 
ly and  return  the  patient  to  work  earlier 
and  in  better  condition.  Let  us  list  a  few 
of  the  more  important  gynaecological 
causes  of  this  type  of  anemia:  functional 
uterine  bleeding  of  all  types;  menor- 
rhagia,  metrorrhagia,  menometrorrha- 
gia;  endocrine  dysfunction;  hemorrhages 
of  the  menarche  (puber'"y)  and  the 
menopause  (climacteric) ;  ovarian  tu- 
mors; uterine  polyps,  fibroids;  endome- 
triosis, particularly  of  ovaries  or  uterus; 
carcinoma  of  ovaries,  uterus  or  cervix; 
the  so-called  acute  hemorrhages  as  from 
miscarriages,  abortions,  ectopics  and  he- 
morrhagic cysts;  hemorrhages  due  to 
external  influence  such  as  pelvic  inflam- 
matory disease  and  lastly,  hemorrhage 
from  any  pelvic  trauma. 

In  answer  to  the  second  part  of  the 
question — why  is  it  essential  today  to 
carry  out  transfusion  therapy? — one  may 
confidently  say  that  not  only  is  it  easier 
to  correct  an  anemia  prior  to  operation, 
but  also  that  the  transfusion  is  more 
effective  and  makes  the  original  surgical 
procedure  safer  and  the  pos''operative 
course  smoother. 

In  regard  to  preoperative  transfusion 
therapy,  there  are  two  important  facts: 
(a)  that  a  simple  transfusion  of  500  cc. 
of  ci'^rated  blood  usually  takes  one  week 
to  raise  a  hemoglobin  10  points;  (b) 
that  often,  although  a  patient  needs 
preoperative  transfusion,  it  is  left  until 
postoperatively.  In  many  cases  this  is 
partially  satisfactory;  bu^  it  is  courting 
disaster,  because  a  case  which  may  need 
blood  preoperatively,  may,  because  of 
the  nature  or  technical  difficulty  of  the 
operation,  also  lose  an  added  amount  of 
blood  at  operation  and  go  into  collapse. 
Conclusion:  one  has  everything  to  gain 
by  preoperative  measures  and  everything 
to  lose  by  unexpected  postoperative  ther- 
apy. 


As  an  ideal,  let  us  postulate  the  fol- 
lowing course: 

That  every  patient  with  a  hemoglobin  of 
65%  or  lower,  who  is  to  undergo  any  major 
gynaecological  operation  receive  one  trans- 
fusion of  500  cc.  of  citrated  blood. 

That,  in  so  far  as  possible,  the  patient 
be  allowed  two  to  five  days  before  under- 
going the  operation. 

That  any  patient  with  a  hemoglobin  of 
40%  or  lower  receive  sufficient  blood  and 
time  to  raise  the  hemoglobin  to  65%  and 
that  such  a  patient  also  receive  blood  im- 
mediately postoperatively. 

That  blood  transfusion  therapy  during 
some  major  surgical  procedures  is  good 
therapy  and  not  a  reflection  either  on  the 
surgeon's  ability  or  confidence.  This  type 
of  therapy  should  only  be  indicated  under 
exceptional  circumstances,  provided  that  the 
patient  has  had  proper  preoperative  con- 
valescence and  transfusion.  It  cannot  hope 
to  replace  such  a  preoperative  procedure. 

That  transfusion  therapy  can  often  be  used 
successfully  in  the  presence  of  and  for  the 
purpose    of    combating    sepsis. 

In  answer  to  the  question:  are 
there  any  reasons  today  for  not  carrying 
out  this  therapy.''  —  we  must  talk  about 
two  distinct  things:  medical  contra-in- 
dications,  and  the  risk  and  technique  of 
the  procedure.  The  medical  contra-in- 
dications  are  few  and  may  be  listed:  ad- 
vanced kidney  disease,  toxemia  of  pre- 
gnancy, prostatic  obstruction,  uremia, 
black  water  fever,  imcorrected  acidosis, 
and  the  use  of  luetics  as  donors. 

The  risk  and  technique  of  the  proce- 
dure is  slight  and  the  steps  in  technical 
advancement  have  been  amazing  since 
the  first  recorded  transfusion  in  1667 
by  Jean  Denys,  of  sheep's  blood  to  a 
fifteen-year-old  boy,  and  that  of  the  first 
human  transfusion  in  1824  by  James 
Blundel'l.  Transfusions  are  carried  out 
as  easily  today  as  the  routine  intravenous 
therapy  of  glucose  and  saline  on  a  ward. 
True,  reactions  occur,  but  these  are  of  a 


Vol.   38,  No.   12 


IMPORTANT  EMERGENCY  MEASURES 


923 


minor  nature.  The  danger  signals  are 
known  by  all  nurses;  the  nurses  know 
the  principles  and  workings  of  these 
sets  and  regulate  the  flow  by  means 
of  a  drip  chamber  to  the  rate  ordered 
by  the  interne.  It  is  desirable  for  the 
interne  to  remain  on  a  ward  during 
transfusions  but  he  may  carry  on  other 
work.  A  nurse  is  detailed  to  watch  the 
transfusion.  The  sets  used  are  a  closed 
system,  consequently  one  must  only  re- 
gard the  patient  and  the  insertion  of  the 
needle.  The  rate  of  flow  seldom  needs 
readjustment  if  working  properly.  The 
only  other  technical  difficulty  which  one 
may  encounter  is  the  difficulty  in  ob- 
taining compatible  donors.  This  is  now 
obviated  by  using  the  bank  system,  and 
taking  blood  whether  compatible  or  not 
and  stowing  it  for  any  desired  compa- 
tible patient. 


Conclusions'. 

1.  The  value  of  blood  transfusion, 
preferably  preoperative,  has  been  dis- 
cussed as  applied  to  a  gynaecological 
ward. 

2.  In  view  of  the  relative  simplicity, 
safety,  and  ease  of  administration,  it 
would  seem  to  be  either  poor  therapy  or 
negligence  on  the  part  of  staff  to  with- 
hold such  therapy  from  some  25%  of  gy- 
naecological cases  undergoing  major 
surgical  procedures. 

3.  The  indicated  cases  which  have 
received  such  therapy  have  shown 
smoother  postoperative  convalescence 
and  have,  on  discharge,  been  in  better 
condition  than  the  average  patient,  al- 
lowing a  resumption  of  normal  activities 
and  work  at  an  earlier  date. 


Important  Emergency  Measures 


The  information  under  this  heading 
is  prepared  particularly  for  those  mem- 
bers of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Associa- 
tion who  are  not  within  the  Executive 
Committee,  and  therefore  are  not  in 
such  close  touch  with  emergency  situa- 
tions which  are  confronting  the  Asso- 
ciation at  the  present  time.  Every  nurse 
in  Canada  should  be  informed  as  to 
trends  and  developments  during  this  war 
period.  They  should  express  their 
opinions  and  share  in  the  responsibility 
of  making  decisions  which  are  necessary 
at  this  time. 

It  was  fortunate  that  the  three  na- 
tional conveners  of  Sections  of  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association  were  pre- 
sent at  the  Executive  Meeting  held  on 
October  23-24,  at  which  vital  issues 
were  discussed  and  important  recom- 
mendations made.  They  represent  the 
interests  of  the  three  nursing  ser\nces  in 
Canada,  namely,  public  health  nursing; 

DECEMBER,   1942 


general  and  private  duty  nursing;  nurs- 
ing in  hospitals  and  schools  of  nursing. 
The  national  conveners  are  therefore  in 
a  most  favourable  position  to  inform 
and  advise  respective  provincial  con- 
veners of  existing  problems  and  situations 
in  regard  to  which  action  must  be  taken. 
Provincial  presidents  and  executive  secre- 
taries as  well  as  the  chairmen  of  Nati- 
onal Sections  are  in  direct  communica- 
tion with  National  Office  and  they  are 
doing  their  outmost  to  bring  matters  of 
importance  to  the  attention  of  all  pro- 
vincial associations.  The  Journal  serves 
as  another  avenue  of  information.  Since 
the  biennial  meeting  in  June,  an  abun- 
dance of  valuable  information  has  ap- 
peared in  its  pages.  Notes  from  the  Na- 
tional Office  record,  in  carefully  planned 
sequence,  the  appointment  of  commit- 
tees, recommendations,  and  various  acti- 
vities, all  of  which  should  be  studied  in 
every  issue  of  the  Journal. 


924 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


Three  vital  matters  which  are  now 
under  consideration  are  deserving  of 
special  attention,  namely,  financial  as- 
sistance from  the  federal  government, 
the  control  of  nursing  services  by  Na- 
tional Selective  Service,  and  the  pro- 
posed   accelerated    basic    course. 

Financial  Aid  From  the  Federal  Gov- 
ernment: Provincial  Nurses  Associations 
have  been  notified  that  the  budgets  for 
the  expenditure  of  grants,  as  allocated 
to  the  Provinces  by  the  Department  of 
Pensions  and  National  Health,  for  1942, 
have  been  approved. 

In  conference  with  the  Director  of 
Public  Health  Services,  the  delegates 
appointed  by  the  Canadian  Nurses  As- 
sociation were  advised  that  another  re- 
quest for  a  grant  for  1943  was  in  or- 
der, the  amount  not  to  exceed  $250,000 
and  the  request  to  be  made  immediately. 
A  letter  was,  therefore,  sent  to  the 
Minister,  Department  of  Pensions  and 
National  Health,  requesting  the  maxi- 
mum amount,  namely  $250,000. 

While  expressing  appreciation  for  the 
grant  of  $115,OOl3  for  1942,  it  was 
pointed  out  that  this  amount  was  suf- 
ficient only  to  make  certain  initial  ad- 
justments, and  to  introduce  program- 
mes which  could  not  be  developed  un- 
less greater  financial  assistance  were  as- 
sured for  the  coming  year.  Reference 
was  made  to  the  amounts  under  the 
three  main  categories,  as  stipulated  by 
the  Government: 

The  amount  of  $15,000  for  administrative 
costs,  the  salary  and  programme  of  the 
Emergency  Nursing  Adviser,  including  an 
extensive  publicity  campaign,  could  not  be 
continued  beyond  a  few  months,  unless  fur- 
ther financial  assistance  were  assured. 

The  grant  of  $75,000  to  aid  public  health 
organizations  and  schools  to  strengthen 
their  educational  programmes,  to  take  care 
of  increased  numbers  of  students  was  mi- 
nimum, and  had  to  be  allocated  on  a  very 
restricted  basis. 

The  allocation  of  $25,000  for  bursaries  af- 


forded assistance  to  approximately  one-half 
of  the  number  of  nurses  who  were  consi- 
dered eligible. 

In  conference  with  the  Director  of 
Public  Health  Services,  it  was  agreed 
that,  should  a  grant  for  1943  be  ap- 
proved by  the  Government,  the  Pro- 
vincial Associations  should  be  given  an 
opportunity  of  making  recommenda- 
tions regarding  provincial  needs,  and 
that  they  should  submit  their  budgets  ac- 
cordingly, keeping  in  mind  the  amount 
of  the  total  grant  to  cover  the  nine 
Provinces. 

In  the  November  number  of  The 
American  Journal  of  Nursing  there  ap- 
pears an  outline  of  the  purposes  for 
which  the  Federal  appropriation  (U.S. 
A.)  is  to  be  used.  A  summary  of  this 
outline  appears  elsewhere  in  this  issue  of 
The  Canadian  Nurse  and  a  review  of 
this  statement  would  be  profitable  as  the 
problems  of  nursing  education  in  the 
United  States  are  fairly  similar  to  those 
which  exist  in  Canada. 

There  can  be  no  question  as  to  the 
value  of  financial  assistance  to  promising 
graduate  nurses  to  undertake  post-gra- 
duate study.  The  strengthening  of  edu- 
cational programmes  at  this  critical  time 
can  come  about  only  by  increasing  the 
numbers  of  better  prepared  teachers  and 
supervisors  in  all  fields  of  nursing,  as 
quickly  as  possible. 

The  Report  of  the  convener  of  the 
Bursary  Award  Committee  also  appears 
in  this  issue  of  the  Journal.  It  should  be 
studied  carefully.  As  recommended  in 
the  report.  Provincial  Associations 
should  select,  from  applications  re- 
ceived, the  most  promising  nurses  for 
recommendation  to  the  Bursary  Award 
Committee,  It  should  be  noted  in  the 
report  that,  besides  the  assistance  ^^iven 
to  undertake  full  year  courses  in  uni- 
versities, a  portion  of  the  grant  for 
1942-43  was  reserved  to  assist  nurses 
who  wish  to  undertake  short  post-gra- 


Vol.   38,  No.    12 


IMPORTANT  EMERGENCY  MEASURES    925 


duate  courses  which  are  being  offered. 
An  announcement  regarding  post-gra- 
duate ch'nical  courses  appeared  in  the 
November  issue  of  the  Journal  under 
Notes  from  the  National  Office. 
•  The  Director  of  Pubh'c  Health  Ser- 
vices commented  most  favourably  on 
the  number  of  nurses  who  benefited 
through  bursaries,  noting  the  domi- 
nion-wide equal  distribution  for  courses 
in  public  health  nursing  and  in  schools 
of  nursing.  (See  Summary,  Bursary 
Award  Report).  It  is  hoped,  therefore, 
that,  in  anticipation  of  a  larger  Federal 
grant  for  bursaries  for  1943,  graduate 
nurses  will  take  full  advantage  of  an 
unusual  opportunity. 

Control  of  Nursing  Services  by  Na- 
tional Selective  Service:  It  is  of  vital  im- 
portance that  every  member  of  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association  be  alert  to 
whatever  action  the  Government  may 
take  in  establishing  control  of  nurses 
for  the  needs  of  the  armed  forces  and 
the  civilian  population. 

It  is  imperative  that  the  complete 
man  power  and  woman  power  in 
Canada  be  utilized  to  the  fullest  extent 
toward  a  total  war  effort,  and  the  Gov- 
ernment is  undertaking  measures  where- 
by human  resources  will  be  used  most 
effectively  to  this  end.  It  is  essential, 
therefore,  that  nursing  resources  be  rec- 
ognized and  capitalized,  that  nurses  be 
better  distributed,  and  that  they,  indi- 
vidually, occupy  the  positions  they  are 
respectively  best  qualified  to  fill.  Rec- 
ommendations in  connection  with 
various  emergency  adjustments  have  ap- 
peared in  the  reports  of  the  Emergency 
Nursing  Adviser,  and  in  Notes  from  tix 
Natiofuil  Office.  In  the  latter,  in  this 
issue,  there  appears  an  important  an- 
nouncement regarding  "War  Time 
Permits". 

The  Canadian  Nurses  Association  is 
aware  of  the  fact  that  if  certain  adjust- 
ments are   not  undertaken  immediately 


by  provincial  associations,  National  Se- 
lective Service  might  take  action. 

The  Executive  Committee  of  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association,  including 
representatives  from  all  provinces,  met 
in  Ottawa  on  October  21  and  22,  at 
the  request  of  Mrs.  Eaton,  Assistant 
Director,  National  Selective  Service 
(Women's  Division)  to  discuss  directive 
control  of  nurses  and  nursing  services 
for  the  war  period.  Several  plans  were 
suggested,  but  to  date  (November  11) 
no  definite  decision  has  been  made.  The 
Canadian  Nurses  Association  is  now 
awaiting  a  report  of  a  plan  of  organiza- 
tion which  is  being  developed  by  the 
"Canadian  Medical  Procurement  and 
Assignment  Board".  This  plan  is  to 
provide  for  the  control  and  co-ordination 
of  all  health  services  for  the  period  of 
the  war.  The  chairman  of  the  Board 
has  expressed  his  opinion  that,  if  the 
plan  is  approved  by  National  Selective 
Service,  other  professional  groups  may 
be  invited  to  become  part  of  the  or- 
ganization, in  event  of  which  interested 
groups  will  have  opportunity  of  making 
recommendations  as  to  representation 
on  the  joint  Board  and  to  the  policy  of 
organization  and  function  which  would 
safeguard  and  promote  the  services  in- 
volved. It  is  hoped  that  this  tentative 
plan  may  be  made  available  to  the  Cana- 
dian Nurses  Association  for  study  at  a 
very  early  date,  and  that  possibly  be- 
fore this  issue  of  the  Journal  appears, 
some  definite  action  may  be  taken  and 
a  decision  made. 

The  Proposer/  Accelerated  Basic 
Course:  A  resolution  by  which  the  Ex- 
ecutive Committee  (Canadian  Nurses 
Association)  approves  the  policy  of  the 
acceleration  of  the  basic  course  as  a 
wartime  measure  appears  under  Notes 
from  the  National  Office.  The  provin- 
cial associations  have  been  sent  a  skele- 
ton outHne  of  the  proposed  plan  where- 
by essential  nursing  experiences  be  com- 


DECEMBER.   1942 


926 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


pressed  into  thirty  months. 

It  must  be  emphasized  that  this  pro- 
posed adjustment  is  regarded  strictly  as 
a  war  measure;  nor  is  it  compulsory. 
Such  a  course  could  only  be  established 
in  schools  which  have  a  sufficient  sup- 
ply of  applicants  to  provide  for  the  re- 
quired increased  enrolment.  Also  it 
could  only  be  recommended  where  the 
teaching  and  supervisory  staffs  are  ade- 
quate, and  well  qualified.  In  order  to 
preserve  educational  standards  it  will  be 
necessary  to  make  a  very  careful  analy- 
sis of  the  whole  programme  of  theory 
and  practice.  Classroom  instruction, 
particularly  the  sciences,  would  need  to 
be  integrated,  to  a  greater  degree  than 
is  being  done  at  the  present  time,  in 
order  to  reduce  hours  of  lectures,  and 
at  the  same  time  maintain  the  quality  of 
instruction.  It  will  also  necessitate  a 
thorough  study  of  the  clinical  services 
whereby  non-essential  activities  will  be 
eliminated,  in  order  that  the  student  will 
receive  the  most  profitable  experience 
within  the  reduced  time  period.  It  will 
demand  economical  and  effective  plan- 
ning throughout.  From  the  point  of  view 
of  the  added  benefit  to  the  student  and 
the    patient,    the    value    of   imdertaking 


nursing  care  on  the  wf}ole  fatient  as- 
signment plan  should  not  be  overlooked. 
It  should  also  be  emphasized  that  in  un- 
dertaking the  shortened  basic  course, 
educational  entrance  requirements  must 
be  maintained. 

It  would  not  seem  adv^isable  for 
schools  of  nursing  to  initiate  this  course, 
until  more  information  regarding  the 
possible  content  is  made  available.  The 
following  resolution  has  been  approved 
by  the  Executive  Committee,  Canadian 
Nurses  Association:  "that  the  Emer- 
gency Nursing.  Adviser  be  authorized  to 
study  the  conditions  of  basic  training,  to 
decide  whether  any  acceleration  of  the 
training  can  be  considered,  and  under 
what  conditions,  if  any,  this  might  be 
accomplished." 

At  this  time  of  writing,  the  Emer- 
gency Nursing  Adviser  is  conferring 
with  the  convener  of  the  Committee  on 
Nursing  Education,  in  connection  with 
the  preparation  of  material  for  the  pur- 
pose of  guidance  for  those  schools  which 
are  willing  and  able  to  introduce  an  ac- 
celerated basic  course. 

Marion  Lindeburgh 
President 
Canadian  Nurses  Association 


Interim  Report 


As  the  December  number  of  the  Journal 
goes  to  press,  the  Emergency  Nursing  Ad- 
viser has  only  just  reached  the  farthest  ob- 
jective of  another  trip  across  Canada. 
While  this  visit  was  planned  to  include  at- 
tendance at  the  meeting  of  the  British  Co- 
lumbia Hospital  Association,  and  meetings 
with  other  representative  groups,  it  will  also 
afford  a  welcome  opportunity  to  make  con- 
tact with  nurses  in  all  the  Western  pro- 
vinces and  to  study  with  them  the  develop- 
ments which  are  being  dealt  with  by  the 
President  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Associa- 
tion in  an  article  which  appears  elsewhere 
in  this  issue. 


Since  the  beginning  of  September,  short 
visits  have  been  paid  to  Alberta  and  Mani- 
toba, and  to  a  number  of  centres  in  Saskat- 
chewan. While  most  of  the  visits  paid  in 
Saskatchewan  were  undertaken  on  behalf 
of  the  Saskatchewan  Registered  Nurses  As- 
sociation, advantage  was  taken  of  these  op- 
portunities to  discuss  developments  in  con- 
nection with  the  national  programme.  It  was 
also  possible  for  the  Adviser  to  attend  a 
meeting  of  the  Saskatchewan  Hospital  As- 
sociation. 

Kathleen  W.  Ellis 
Emergency   Nursing  Adviser 
Canadian   Nurses  Association 


Vol.   38,  No.   12 


Notes  From  the  National  Office 

Contributed  by  JEAN  S.  WILSON, 
Executive  Secretary,  The  Canadian  Nurses  Association 


Executive  Committee  Meeting 

A  meeting  of  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee, Canadian  Nurses  Association, 
was  held  on  October  23-24,  1942,  in 
Montreal.  Those  present  included  the 
officers,  the  chairmen  of  the  three  sec- 
tions, the  convener  of  the  committee 
on  Nursing  Education,  the  presidents 
of  provincial  associations — Alberta,  No- 
va Scotia,  Ontario,  Prince  Edward 
Island,  Quebec  and  Saskatchewan, 
while  the  remaining  provinces  each 
sent  a  representative.  The  reports  of 
committees  are  summarized  as  follows: 

Health  Imwance  and  Nursing  Ser- 
vice: the  convener  was  present  to  give 
a  brief  report.  Emphasis  was  given  to 
the  need  for  the  provincial  committees 
being  more  interested  and  active  to 
provide  for  more  direct  contact  between 
this  Committee  and  the  three  sections. 
It  was  resolved  that  each  National 
Section  appoint  from  the  present  mem- 
bership of  the  Committee  on  Health 
Insurance  and  Nursing  Service  a  mem- 
ber to  represent  its  section  on  the  na- 
tional committee ;  each  representative 
to  report  progress  by  the  national  com- 
mittee to  her  section;  further,  that  each 
provincial  committee  on  Health  In- 
surance and  Nursing  Service  have  re- 
presentation from  the  corresponding 
provincial  sections. 

The  Exchange  of  \  urses  Committee, 
through  the  sub-committee,  reported  on 
developments  regarding  the  recruitment 
of  nurses  for  the  British  Civil  Nursing 
Reserve.  It  was  decided  that  plans  for 
recruitment  for  the   British  Civil  Nurs- 


ing Reserv^e  remain  in  abeyance  until 
more  satisfactory  arrangements  can  be 
made  with  the  federal  authorities. 

Tfie  convener  of  the  History  of 
Nursing  Co?nmittee  reported  an  an- 
nouncement from  The  Macmillan  Com- 
pany of  Canada  that  due  to  personal 
reasons  Miss  Margaret  Lawrence  had 
cancelled  her  contract  to  write  a  History 
of  Nursing  in  Canada  and  that  the  pub- 
lishers had  expressed  the  wish  to  pro- 
ceed with  the  writing  of  a  history.  The 
Executive  agreed  that  the  original  plan 
of  having  a  History  of  Nursing  in 
Canada  written  should  be  carried  out. 

The  convener  of  the  National  Vo- 
luntar\  War  Services  Advisory  Commit- 
tee recommended  that  as  the  purposes 
for  which  this  Committee  was  appointed 
no  longer  exist,  the  Committee  be  dis- 
continued. Following  the  General  Meet- 
ing, 1942,  the  Committee  on  Syllabus 
for  V.A.D's  became  a  sub-committee  of 
the  National  Voluntary  War  Services 
Advisory  Committee.  The  Executive 
adopted  the  recommendation  to  discon- 
tinue this  committee. 

The  Committee  on  Suhsidiars  Nurs- 
ing Groups  proposed  several  recom- 
mendations which  were  adopted:  (a) 
that  immediate  steps  be  taken  in  each 
province  to  effect  licensing  and  control 
of  members  of  subsidiary  nursing 
groups;  (b)  that  in  order  to  protect 
the  public  and  to  maintain  professional 
standards,  requirements  should  include 
regulations  whereby  members  of  sub- 
sidiary nursing  groups  would  work  un- 
der   the    Guidance    and    control    of    the 


DECEMBER,   1942 


927 


92H 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


Registered  Nurses  Association  in  each 
province.  The  fact  is  emphasized  that 
control  also  implies  assistance  and  sup- 
port. Many  professional  registries  now 
make  provision  to  accept  subsidiary 
workers  and  this  is  felt  to  be  desirable; 
(c)  that  a  recognized  course  for  sub- 
sidiary nursing  be  organized  in  each 
province  under  the  direction  of  the 
Registered    Nurses   Association. 

These  recommendations  were  fol- 
lowed by  the  following  statement:  It  is 
understood  that  it  is  the  wish  of  the 
Executive  Committee  of  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association  that  this  Committee 
include,  in  the  study  being  made  of  sub- 
sidiary nursing  groups,  the  prepara- 
tion of  a  syllabus  for  guidance  of  Pro- 
vincial Associations  in  the  training  of 
such  workers  and,  that  in  any  form 
of  control,  plans  be  made  for  the  in- 
clusion of  those  already  in  the  field. 

Advisory  Committee  to  Emergeyicy 
Nursing  Adviser:  It  was  announced  that 
satisfactory  arrangements  had  been 
made  with  the  University  of  Saskat- 
chewan and  the  Registered  Nurses  As- 
sociation of  Saskatchewan  whereby  Miss 
K.  W.  Ellis  will  continue  on  a  part- 
time  basis  until  June  30,  1943,  as  Emer- 
gency Nursing  Adviser;  the  appoint- 
ment of  Miss  J.  Trudel  as  French  As- 
sociate was  ratified  by  the  Executive 
Committee. 

The  following  recommendations  from 
the  Advisory  Committee  to  the  Emer- 
gency Nursing  Adviser  were  en- 
dorsed : 

1.  Whereas  it  is  felt  that  through  special 
planning,  potential  leaders  may  be  more 
quickly  developed,  it  is  recommended  that 
an  approach  be  made  by  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association  to  all  University  Schools 
of  Nursing  asking  their  aid,  as  an  emergen- 
cy war  measure,  in  the  accomplishment  of 
the  following  objectives:  (a)  the  attraction 
of  a  reasonable  number  of  more  mature 
students   to   University   Schools   of   Nursing, 


i.e.,  those  holding  a  degree;  (b)  some  more 
rapid  accomplishment  of  professional  train- 
ing for  this  selected  group.  Furthermore  it 
is  recommended  that  when  this  approach  is 
made,  a  reply  be  requested  from  each  Uni- 
versity, with  the  suggestion  that  financial 
assistance  may  be  available  to  aid  in  the  ac- 
complishment of  these  objectives  under  sa- 
tisfactory  arrangements. 

2.  That  the  Provisional  Council  of  Univer- 
sity Schools  and  Departments  of  Nursing  be 
requested  to  make  a  study  of  nursing  courses 
in  Universities  for  the  purpose  of  establish- 
ing minimum  standards. 

The  convener  of  the  Advisory  Com- 
mittee explained  that  decisions  as  stated 
in  these  recommendations  arc,  for  the 
present,  to  take  the  place  of  the  study 
regarding  Type  4  of  the  Central  Pre- 
liminary Courses  as  requested  at  the 
General  Meeting,  1942  (see  T}i£ 
Canadian  Nurse,  September  1942,  pai^e 
642). 

The  afore-quoted  recommendations 
had  been  brought  to  the  attention  of 
the  Directors  of  Departments  of  Uni- 
versity Schools  of  Nursing  in  reply  to 
which  one  school  had  submitted  die 
following: 

That  a  selected  group  of  university  gra- 
duates be  permitted  to  accomplish  the  gen- 
eral training  in  this  school  in  thirty  months ; 
that  the  first  diploma  (in  general  nursing) 
only  be  given,  and  that  the  senior  term  in 
public  health  nursing  now  given  to  the 
students  in  the  diploma  course  be  omitted. 
That  the  above  arrangement  of  work  be 
conditional  upon  the  approval  of  the  Nurse 
Registration  Department  of  Ontario,  with 
agreement  to  accept  this  thirty  months  train- 
ing for  this  selected  group  as  meeting  the 
full  requirement  for  registration  in  this 
Province.  This  recommendation  is  being 
brought  to  the  attention  of  the  provincial 
registrars  with  a  reciucst  that  those  officers 
inform  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association  of 
the  extent  to  which  their  respective  Acts  of 
Registration  for  Nurses  would  permit  the 
graduates  of  the  proposed  course  to  be  re- 
cognized as  eligible   for   registration. 


Vol.    38.    No.    12 


NATIONAL    OFFICE 


929 


3.  Suggestions  have  been  made 
from  sources  outside  our  professional 
group  toward  possible  plans  for  short- 
ening the  period  of  the  basic  course  in 
nursing,  and  also  suggestions  .  toward 
the  subsidizing  of  student  nurses  by  en- 
listing them  for  military  service.  This 
matter  should  be  explored  thoroughly  by 
the  Canadian  Nurses  Association  so  that 
leadership  in  plans  for  nursing  schools 
may  remain  in  the  hands  of  our  own 
professional  body  and  that  the  C.N. A. 
may  give  all  possible  service  at  this  time 
of  need.  It  was,  therefore,  resolved  that 
the  Executive  Committee  of  the  C.N.A. 
be  asked  to  authorize  the  Emergency 
Nursing  Adviser:  (a)  to  study  the  con- 
ditions of  basic  training  to  decide  whet- 
her any  acceleration  of  this  training  can 
be  considered,  and  under  what  condi- 
tions, if  any,  this  might  be  accomplished ; 
(b)  to  make  enquiry  concerning  possible 
governmental  subsidies;  (c)  to  make 
an  early  report  on  (a)  and  (b). 

It  was  further  resolved  that  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association  approve 
the  principle  of  accelerating  courses  in 
schools  of  nursing  where  this  plan  is 
feasible  and  acceptable  so  that  the 
student  may  be  granted  an  interim  cer- 
tificate at  the  end  of  30  months  and  so 
be  released  to  serve  as  a  general  staff 
nurse  in  her  own  or  other  civilian  hos- 
pital. It  must  be  kept  in  mind  that  edu- 
cational standards  must  be  protected  if 
this  plan  is  put  into  effect.  Other  reso- 
lutions adopted  include: 

1.  War  Time  Permits:  The  Cana- 
dian Nurses  Association  recommejids  to 
the  provinces:  (a)  That  temporary 
nursing  permits  be  granted  to  married 
and  inactive  nurses  who  were  eligible 
for  registration  at  time  and  place  of 
graduation;  that  the  current  fee  only 
be  required  and  renewed  annually  as 
the  need  arises,  (b)  That  registries  for 
nurses  be  requested  to  allow  the  afore- 
mentioned   nurses    to    register    by    pa)- 


ment  of  the  current  fee  only. 

Following  the  Executive  Meeting, 
legal  advice  was  obtained  regarding  the 
adopting  of  temporary  registration  per- 
mits for  the  duration.  The  advice  se- 
cured is:  As  each  Act  of  Registration  is  a 
permissive  measure,  the  issuing  of  tem- 
porary permits  can  be  arranged  with- 
out the  need  to  open  any  Act.  The 
early  adoption  of  such  arrangements 
was  urged  as,  in  so  doing,  nurses  them- 
selves would  be  in  a  position  to  discon- 
tinue the  temporary  arrangements 
when    conditions    warrant   such    action. 

2.  Financial  aid  to  the  provincial  as- 
sociations: That  $2,500  be  taken  frorh 
the  general  funds  of  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association  and  be  apportioned 
for  publicity  to  provincial  associations 
as  follows:  Alberta,  British  Columbia, 
Saskatchewan  and  Manitoba — $300 
each;  Ontario  and  Quebec — $400 
each;  New  Brunswick  and  Nova  Scotia 
— $200  each;  Prince  Edward  Island — 
$100. 

3.  Future  folicy  to  -provide  for 
■ravelling  expenses:  that  the  Chair  ap- 
point a  committee  to  outline  future  po- 
licy in  reference  to  the  payment  of  ex- 
penses of  members  attending  meeting  of 
(1)  Executive  Committee;  (2)  stand- 
ing and  Special  Committees;  (3)  meet- 
ings at  which  the  Canadian  Nurses  As- 
sociation should  be  represented  officially. 

4.  Previous  action  rescinded:  Since 
the  reasons  which  existed  last  year  to 
justify  the  publication  of  additional 
teaching  material  for  use  in  first-aid  in- 
struction would  now  seem  to  no  longer 
exist,  resolved  that  the  Canadian  Nurses 
Association  do  not  carry  out  the  original 
intention  to  publish  it. 

5.  Presented  by  the  Registered 
Nurses  Association  of  British  Columbia: 
The  Registered  Nurses  Association  of 
British  Columbia  recommends  to  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association  that  con- 
sideration be  eiven  to  the  recommenda- 


DECSMBER.    1942 


930 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


tion  that  for  purposes  of  enrolment  in 
any  of  the  National  Active  Services,  ap- 
plicants from  the  United  States,  or  from 
any  of  the  countries  within  the  British 
Empire  whose  Schools  of  Nursing  have 
essentially  the  same  requirements,  be 
permitted  to  register  in  any  of  the  pro- 
vinces of  Canada  and,  where  necessary, 
such  clauses  as  may  appear  in  existing 
Acts  be  waived  to  meet  this  situation. 
(This  resolution  has  been  referred  to 
each  provincial  association). 

6.  Presented  by  the  Registered  Nur- 
ses Association  of  Ontario :  Whereas  ma- 
ny nurses  with  special  training  have 
left  positions  in  order  to  accept  other 
positions  where  such  special  training  is 
not  required,  be  it  recommended  that 
the  registered  nurses  with  special  types 
of  training  such  as  public  health,  in- 
structors and  supervisors  for  schools  of 
nursing,  be  not  permitted  to  leave  their 
present  positions  in  order  to  accept  other 
positions  where  such  special  training  is 
not  required;  and  that  all  registered 
nurses  be  asked  to  remain  in  one  of  the 
fields  of  nursing.  (It  was  decided  that 
this  resolution  he  left  until  consideration 
has  been  given  to  the  National  Selective 
Service  fro  gramme^. 

7.  Loans:  Ratification  was  given  to 
the  issuing  of  seven  loajis  since  July  1, 
1942,  totalling  $2,900. 


Government  Grant  Committee 

The  personnel  of  this  committee  con- 
sists of  the  Executive  Committee  with 
Misses  E.  L.  Smellie,  E.  Johns  and  K. 
W.  Ellis.  In  order  to  deal  with  urgent 
matters  a  sub-committee  was  appointed, 
consisting  of  the  officers  of  the  Asso- 
ciation and  Miss  K.  W.  Ellis.  The  Ex- 
ecutive Committee,  realizing  the  need 
to  have  members  of  the  sub-committee 
readily  available,  rescinded  the  previous 
motion  for  appointment  of  the  sub-com- 
mittee,   then    appointed    the    following 


members:  Miss  M.  Lindeburgh,  chair- 
man; Miss  M.  Buck,  Miss  F,  Munroe, 
xMiss  K.  W.  Ellis,  Miss  E.  Flanagan 
and  Miss  E.  Johns. 

Recommendations  approved  by  the 
Government  Grant  Committee  included 
several  from  the  committee  to  award 
bursaries,  namely: 

That,  in  the  event  of  approaching  the  fe- 
deral government  for  another  grant,  every 
effort  be  made  to  obtain  an  announcement 
not  later  than  April  1,  1943,  to  give  time  for 
publicity.  Notice  could  then  be  published 
in  The  Canadian  Nurse  and  thus  all  eligible 
nurses  would  or  should  be  reached. 
That  a  list  of  available  post-graduate  cour- 
ses be  published  in  Th<e  Canadian  Nurse. 
That  if  bursaries  are  to  be  awarded  in  the 
future,  applications  be  submitted  first  to  the 
provincial  associations  of  which  the  ap- 
plicant is  a  member,  and  that  each  provincial 
association  appoint  an  award  committee  to 
select  for  recommendation  to  the  Commit- 
tee to  Award  Bursaries  (C.N.A.)  the  most 
promising  candidates.  That  applications  be 
sent  to  the  provincial  secretaries  before  May 
1,    1943. 


Summary  of  Reports  of  Sections 

Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing  Sec- 
tion: The  responsibilities  of  the  Section, 
as  resulting  from  the  General  Meeting 
of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association  in 
June  1942,  are  two-fold:  (1)  to  conti- 
nue the  study  of  post-graduate  expe- 
rience or  courses  organized  by  the  con- 
vener of  the  Committee  on  Nursing 
Education  and  the  chairman  of  the  Hos- 
pital and  School  of  Nursing  Section; 
(2)  to  continue  the  study  of  Nurse 
Registration  Examinations.  One  meet- 
ing has  been  held  with  the  Committee 
on  Nursing  Education  at  which  only 
preliminary  steps  were  taken  with  re- 
gard to  the  study  of  post-graduate  ex- 
perience or  courses.  The  Committee  on 
Instruction  will  prepare  a  proposed  plan 
for  Registration  Examinations  from  ma- 
terial received  from  provincial  commit- 


I 


Vol.    38,  No.    12 


I 


NATIONAL    OFFICE 


931 


tees  and  registrars.  This  plan  will  then 
be  presented  to  the  Committee  on  Nurs- 
ing Education. 

General  Nursing  Section:  The  com- 
mittee on  general  staff  nursing,  under 
the  convenership  of  Miss  Pearl  Brow- 
nell,  proposes  to  seek  the  consent  of 
every  physically  fit  private  duty  nurse 
to  accept  at  least  one  month  of  general 
duty  in  hospitals. 

A  ruling  has  been  received  from  the 
Commissioner  of  Income  Tax,  Depart- 
ment of  National  Revenue,  regarding 
tax  exemptions  for  private  duty  nurses. 
This  has  already  been  forwarded  to  pro- 
vincial section  chairmen  and  published 
in  the  October  issue  of  The  Canadiayi 
Nurs-e, 

Miss  Erla  Beger,  of  London,  Onta- 
rio, has  been  appointed  secretary  of  the 
General  Nursing  Section  following  Miss 
Agnes  Conroy's  acceptance  for  service 
in  the  R.C.A.M.C.  Miss  Helen  Jolly 
of  Regina  is  convener  of  the  publica- 
tions committee. 

Public  Health  Section:  Two  meetino-s 
have  been  held  by  the  executive  since  the 
General  Meeting  on  June  24.  Miss 
Margaret  Kerr  has  been  appointed  con- 
vener of  the  publications  committee  of 
the  Public  Health  Section,  and  Miss 
Lyle  Creelman  was  appointed  convener 
of  the  education  committee. 

Studies  to  be  undertaken  by  the  Sec- 
tion are:  (1)  the  salaries  of  public 
health  nurses  in  Canada,  including  pen- 
sions and  superannuation  schemes;  (2) 
the  present  practices  in  public  health 
nursing  agencies  with  regard  to  pro- 
grammes of  staff  education,  including 
the  introduction  of  the  new  nurse  to  the 
field  and  the  continuous  education  of  the 
staff.  It  is  expected  that  outlines  for 
these  studies  will  be  ready  this  month  to 
send  to  the  Provincial  Sections.  It  is 
planned  to  have  a  series  of  three  or  four 
articles  on  one  topic  written  for  The 
Canadian   Nurse;    this   will    give     more 

DECEMBER,   1942 


continuity  to  the  material  submitted  for 
publication. 

A  committee,  composed  of  members 
from  the  Public  Health  Section  of  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association  and  the 
Public  Health  Section  of  the  Canadian 
Public  Health  Association,  under  the 
convenership  of  Miss  F.  H.  M.  Emory, 
is  meeting  shortly  to  discuss  the  report 
on  "Minimum  Requirements  for  Em- 
ployment in  the  field  of  Public  Health 
Nursine". 


Provincial  Associations 

Interim  reports  from  the  provinces 
show  that,  in  all  activities,  efforts  are 
being  made  to  implement  recommenda- 
tions from  the  General  Meeting  of  June 
1942,  including  those  in  the  report  of 
the  Emergency  Nursing  Adviser.  Pub- 
licity has  been  given  to  loans  available 
at  University  Schools  of  Nursing, 
through  the  Kellogg  Foundation,  and 
to  bursaries  derived  from  the  Govern- 
ment Grant  administered  by  the  Cana- 
dian Nurses  Association.  The  British 
Nurses  Relief  Fund  continues  to  re- 
ceive very  generous  support. 

The  Alberta  Association  of  Registered 
Xiirses  has  voted  the  sum  of  $600  for  use 
in  a  campaign  to  maintain  and  if  possible 
increase  the  enrolment  of  suitable  students 
in  schools  of  nursing.  Miss  Jean  Davidson 
has  taken  part  in  this  campaign  by  address- 
ing high  school  students,  and  other  adult 
groups.  Questionnaires  have  been  sent  to 
hospitals  and  schools  of  nursing  regarding 
the  shortage  of  staff,  and  the  employment 
of  subsidiary  workers.  An  outline  of  sug- 
gested duties  for  ward  aides  has  been  pre- 
pared at  the  request  of  the  Minister  of 
Health,   and   sent  to  all   hospitals. 

The  Registered  Nurses  Association  of 
British  Columbia  has  sponsored  a  number  of 
refresher  courses,  including  one  given  by  the 
University  of  British  Columbia  in  super- 
vision in  public  health  nursing  which  was 
attended  by  a  limited  number  of  social 
workers  as  well  as  public  health  nurses. 
Local    chapters    have    carried     through     re- 


932 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


fresher  courses  for  married  and  inactive 
nurses  which  were  followed  by  hospital  ex- 
ix^rience. 

Publicity  is  being  carried  out  through  both 
the  press  and  radio.  Consideration  is  being 
given  by  the  Provincial  Placement  Bureau 
Committee  to  the  reorganization  of  the 
nurses   registry   in   Victoria. 

The  Council  of  the  Registered  Nurses  As- 
sociation of  British  Columbia  has  approved 
the  policy  of  District  Directories  acting  as 
a  source  of  employment  for  V.A.D's  (St. 
John  Ambulance  Brigade  and  the  Canadian 
Red  Cross  Nursing  Auxiliary  Corps)  with 
the  understanding  that  these  workers  be  used 
in  hospitals  only,  except  in  the  event  of  an 
epidemic.  In  localities  where  there  is  no  dis- 
trict directory  the  Provincial  Placement  Bu- 
reau Committee,  in  conjunction  with  local 
!iursing  groups,  will  make  provision  for 
placement  of  these  aides. 

The  Manitoba  Association  of  Registered 
Ahirscs  recently  prepared  a  brief  concerning 
the  present  situation  in  regard  to  nursing 
services,  which  was  presented  to  the  Pre- 
mier of  Manitoba  for  consideration.  An  ex- 
tensive radio  publicity  programme  has  been 
carried  out  by  the  Provincial  Nursing  Ad- 
viser. 

The  Nezv  £nuiszcich  Association  of  Re- 
gistered Nurses  will  approach  the  Minister 
of  Health  regarding  instruction  in  public 
health  nursing  for  student  nurses. 

The  Registered  Nurses  Association  of 
Noz'a  Scotia  has  appointed  a  provincial  pub- 
licity committee,  with  a  small  nucleus  com- 
mittee of  members  in  Halifa.x,  which  will 
deal  with  emergency  needs  when  it  is  not 
possible  to  call  a  meeting  of  the  larger  com- 
mittee. A  possible  set-up  of  the  Health  In- 
surance and  Nursing  Service  programme  is 
being  studied. 

There  has  been  an  increase  in  the  number 
of  inquiries  from  Canadian-born  nurses  now 
in  the  U.S.A.  regarding  registration  by  re- 
ciprocity. The  residence  clause  in  the  Nova 
Scotia  requirements  seems  to  be  the  stumb- 
ling block,  as  many  nurses  do  not  wish  to 
come  to  Canada  until  they  have  been  ac- 
cepted for  service  in  the  armed  forces.  Fol- 
lowing a  trial  period  of  six  months,  the 
Nurses  Official   Directory  sponsored  by  the 


Halifax  Branch.  R.N..A..N.S.,  is  to  be  con- 
tinued   indefinitely. 

The  Registered  A^urses  Association  of 
Ontario  reports  that  the  registry  committee 
has  been  successful  in  the  organization  and 
re-organization  of  registries.  The  board  of 
directors  has  made  the  appointment  of  the 
organizer  a  full-time  one  for  the  next  six 
months.  The  Toronto  Central  Registry  has 
reorganized  and  a  second  demonstration  for 
practical  nurses  has  been  given.  The  re- 
gistry committee  has  recommended  that  at 
least  two  more  demonstrations  be  under- 
taken. 

The  Legislation  Committee,  R.N.A.O.,  is 
giving  consideration  to  the  question  of  li- 
censing all  who  nurse  the  sick  for  hire. 

Requests  for  loans  from  the  Permanent 
Education  Fund  are  increasing :  during  1942, 
loans  amounting  to  $1,850  were  granted. 
There  has  been  an  increase  in  the  number 
and  variety  of  extension  and  refresher 
courses,  and  plans  have  been  made  fur 
courses    throughout   the   winter   months. 

The  Registered  Nurses  Association  of 
Prince  Edward  Island  has  sponsored  re- 
fresher courses  for  nurses  in  three  centres 
recently  with  an  approximate  attendance  of 
one   hundred   and   thirty  nurses. 

The  Association  of  Registered  Nurses  of 
the  Province  of  Quebec  has  carried  out  a 
well-planned  campaign  to  stimulate  the  re- 
cruitment of  students  to  schools  of  nursing; 
the  increase  in  enrolment  is  approximately 
three  hundred. 

The  Committee  on  Legislation,  A.R.N.P. 
Q.,  has  plans  under  consideration  for  the 
amendment  of  the  Act  of  Registration  for 
Nurses.  Reciprocal  registration  agreement 
has  been  reached  between  this  province  and 
the   General   Nursing   Council    for   Scotland. 

The  Saskatchewan  Registered  Nurses  As- 
sociation in  their  publicity  campaign  for  the 
recruitment  of  students  has  sent  to  six  cen- 
tres in  the  province  the  history  of  nursing         ■ 
exhibit    shown    at    the    twenty-fifth    annual  ■ 

convention.  Further  progress  is  being  made 
toward   the    organization    of    districts    and  ■ 

chapters.    Experience    in    the    public    health         ■ 
field   is   shortly   to   be   made   available   to   a  _ 
number  of  selected  students  from  schools  of 
nursing.  ■ 


Vol.   38.   No.    12 


J 


Report  of  Bursary  Award  CommiUee 


This  committee,  consisting  of  Miss 
Maude  Hall,  Ottawa,  Miss  Marjorie 
Buck,  Simcoe,  Miss  Kathleen  Ellis  with 
Miss  F.  Munroe  as  convener,  was  ap- 
pointed by  the  sub-committee  of  the 
Government  Grant  Committee  to  deal 
with  apphcations  for  bursaries  derived 
from  the  Canadian  Government  Grant 
of  $25,000  set  aside  to  provide  scholar- 
ships for  graduate  nurses,  deemed  by  the 
Canadian  Nurses  Association  to  be  pro- 
mising material  for  education  as  tea- 
chers,   supervisors    and    educators. 

The  committee  was  appointed  on 
August  5,  1942.  Miss  Lindeburgh,  Miss 
Ellis  and  the  convener  met  on  August 
7,  when  it  was  decided  to  send  notice 
of  the  bursaries  to  the  provincial  secre- 
taries, asking  them  to  give  publicity 
through  local  registries  and  alumnae  as- 
sociations. An  application  form  was  de- 
cided on,  with  certain  information  for 
candidates,  to  be  given  out  with  the  ap- 
plication forms  by  the  provincial  secre- 
tary. The  full  committee  met  at  the 
School  for  Graduate  Nurses,  McGill 
University,  on  August  29  at  2.30  p.m., 
adjourning  at  9  p.m.  Miss  Kathleen 
Russell,  Toronto,  who  was  in  the  city 
was  asked  to  sit  in  at  the  meeting.  Miss 
Martineau  assisted  with  awards  to 
French-speaking   candidates. 

First,  the  following  policies  were  de- 
cided upon: 

That  funds  for  bursaries  he  used  for  study 
in  Canada  onlj\  (We  have  since  been  in- 
formed that  this  was  the  wish  of  the  Gov- 
ernment ) . 

That  approximately  $2,500.  be  ear-marked 
for  French-speaking  applicants. 
That  a  contract  be  required  from  recipients 
of  bursaries  for  at  least  one  year's  service 
in  the  field  of  nursing  for  which  preparation 
is  secured,  and  that  the  recipient  be  asked 
to  defer  military  services  until  the  contract 
is  fulfilled.  (The  Government  has  since  sug- 
gested a  contract  for  the  duration). 


That  applicants  who  enrolled  for  university 
courses  after  the  announcement  was  made 
be  given  first  consideration.  That  the  Mont- 
real members  of  the  committee  be  author- 
ized to  deal  with  applications  received  after 
August  29,   1942. 

The  sixty  applications  which  had 
come  in  were  then  considered  and,  in 
view  of  this  large  number,  the  maxi- 
mum individual  award  was  set  at  $500. 
Thereafter,  the  committee  met  weekly 
until  the  end  of  September  so  that  ap- 
plications were  given  prompt  attention. 
In  all  45  awards  were  made  out  of  a 
total  of  112  applications,  with  a  sum  of 
$7,000  kept  in  reserve  for  applicants 
wishing  to  take  shorter  post-graduate 
courses  in  hospitals,  in  pubKc  health 
nursing  or  in  universities.  For  the  latter 
courses,  an  announcement  appeared  in 
the  November  issue  of  The  Canadian 
Nurse  and  bursaries  will  be  awarded  un- 
der the   following  conditions: 

Candidates  must  have  had  at  least  six 
months  experience,  following  graduation,  in 
the  field  of  nursing  in  which  they  wish  to 
take  clinical  post-graduate  work  (with  cer- 
tain  exceptions   such  as   neuro-surgery). 

Candidates  must  hold  a  matriculation  certi- 
ficate or  its  equivalent  and  be  graduates  of 
an  approved  School  of  Nursing  and  members 
in  good  standing  of  the  Canadian  Nurses 
Association. 

Candidates-  must  sign  a  contract  for  a 
year's  service  following  the  course.  Confi- 
dential reports  as  to  applicant's  personality, 
interest   and   potentialities    will   be    required. 

The  maximum  amount  of  the  bursary  will 
be  $250  depending  on  travelling  expenses, 
cost  of  course,  etc. 

The  application  must  be  made  before  De- 
cember 31,  1942.  A  detailed  application  form 
(including  health  record)  will  be  required. 
In  making  awards,  the  Committee 
tried  to  select  those  whose  references  in- 
dicated that  they  would  contribute  most 
to  nursing  in  Canada  afterwards  and, 
at  the  same  time,  tried  to  distribute  the 


DECEMBER,   1942 


933 


934 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


Proznnce 

Alberta 

British    Columbia    . . 

Manitoba 

New  Brunswick  . .    . . 

Nova  Scotia 

Ontario 

Quebec 

Prince  Edward  Island 
Saskatchewan    . .     . . 


A  pplicationsA  ivards 


13 

4 

12 

4 

19 

7 

6 

3 

5 

3 

18 

7 

24 

10 

9    (French 
1  English) 

2 

1 

14 

6 

Total 
$1,965 
1,600 
2,765 
1,330 
1,400 
2,650 
3,025 

265 
3,000 


awards  between  the  provinces  and  be- 
tween public  health  and  teaching  and 
supervision.  The  foregoing  table  shows 
how  this  has  worked  out  and,  according 
to  provinces,  the  awards  were  as  tabu- 
lated therein. 

Out  of  a  total  of  45  awards,  25  were 
made  for  courses  in  public  health  nurs- 
ing and  20  for  courses  in  teaching,  su- 
pervision and  administration  in  schools 
of  nursing. 

Majiy  difficulties  have  presented 
themselves  in  deciding  on  the  awards. 
The  grant  was  not  announced  until  the 
end  of  July  and  universities  open  in 
September,  so  the  situation  was  almost 
an  emergency  and  plans  had  to  be  made 
quickly  and,  this  being  the  first  grant, 
there  was  no  previous  experience  to 
serve  as  a  guide.  Applicants  wished  to  be 
sure  of  a  bursary  before  applying  to 
University  and  the  Committee  wanted 
to  be  sure  that  the  applicant  would  be 
accepted  at  the  University  before  award- 
ing a   bursary. 

As  no  deadline  could  be  set  for  ap- 
plications to  be  in,  it  was  not  possible  to 
consider  all  at  the  same  time.  There 
was  no  way  of  predicting  how  many 
might  come  from  any  one  province  or 
for  any  one  field  of  work.  Some  centres 
sent  in  many  applications,  others  none. 
Thus,  in  some  provinces,  awards  went 
largely  to  one   city.   Then,  too,   it  had 


been  urged  that  young  and  promising 
members  of  graduating  classes  be  se- 
lected and  prepared  for  positions  of 
responsibility.  This  brought  up  the 
question — is  an  inexperienced  nurse  good 
material  for  post-graduate  work  in  a 
university?  Or,  if  sufficient  well-rec- 
ommended experienced  applicants  pre- 
sent themselves,  should  the  new  gra- 
duate not  be  urged  to  obtain  at  least 
a  year's  experience  before  receiving  a 
bursary?  In  some  instances,  references 
came  in  much  later  than  the  applica- 
tions, and  all  applicants  were  not  well 
recommended.  Students  in  the  five- 
)'ear  course  applied  for  bursaries  to  com- 
plete their  fifth  year.  Nurses  who  had 
accepted  positions  of  responsibility  a 
few  months  ago  applied,  and  nurses 
already  well  qualified  to  do  the  work 
they  were  doing,  applied.  In  these  two 
latter  instances,  your  committee  felt 
that  applicants  would  be  of  greater  ser- 
vice continuing  in  their  present  work. 
Almost  30%  of  the  applications  were 
incomplete.  Many  inquiries  were  re- 
ceived as  to  where  courses  were  avail- 
able other  than  those  announced  in  The 
Canadian  Nurse.  Many  air  mail  ap- 
plications arrived  with  insufficient  post- 
age, using  up  unnecessary  money  and 
time. 

In  the  light  of  the  above  statements, 
the  following  recommendations  are 
made: 


Vol.   38,  No.   12 


FEDERAL    GRANT    IN    THE    U.S.A. 


935 


That,  in  the  event  of  approaching  the  Cana- 
dian Government  for  another  grant,  every 
effort  be  made  to  obtain  an  announcement 
not  later  than  April  1,  1943,  in  order  to 
give  time  for  publicit\'.  A  notice  could  then 
appear  in  The  Canadian  Nurse  and  thus  all 
eligible  nurses  would  or  should  be  reached. 
That  a  list  of  available  courses  be  pub- 
lished in  The  Canadian  Nurse. 
That  applications  be  sent  in  before  a  speci- 
fied date — (say  May  1,  1943)  to  the  provin- 


cial secretaries.  That  if  bursaries  are  to  be 
awarded  in  the  future,  applications  be  sub- 
mitted first  to  the  provincial  association  of 
which  the  applicant  is  a  member,  and  that 
each  provincial  association  appoint  a  com- 
mittee to  select  for  recommendation  to  the 
bursary  award  committee  the  most  promis- 
ing  candidates. 

F.  MUNROE 

Convener 

Bursary  Award  Committee 


How  the  Federal  Granf  is  Used  in  the  U.S.A. 


Editor's  Note  :  Now  that  we  in  Canada 
have  a  Federal  Grant  of  our  own,  it  is  both 
interesting  and  profitable  to  study  the  pur- 
poses for  which  a  similar  but  much  larger 
appropriation  is  being  used  in  the  United 
States.  The  following  excerpts  are  taken 
from  an  article  entitled  "Your  Federal  Ap- 
propriation", by  Mary  J.  Dunn,  which  ap- 
pears in  the  November  1942  issue  of  The 
Avicrican  Journal  of  Nursing  : 

When  the  new  federal  appropriation 
of  $3,500,000  for  the  fiscal  year  1942- 
1943  became  available,  effort  was  made 
to  acquaint  all  accredited  schools  of 
nursing  with  these  funds,  and  the  pur- 
poses for  which  the)-  might  be  used. 
Federal  funds  have  been  authorized 
for  the  following  types  of  programs  : 

Basic  training  programs  for  undergraduate 
or  student  nurses. 

Refresher  courses  for  inactive  nurses. 

Post-graduate  programs  of  study  in  the 
various    nursing   specialties. 

A  school  of  Jiursing  is  entitled  to  re- 
ceive federal  aid  for  its  basic  program 
of  study  provided  : 

It  is  connected  with  a  hospital  having  a 
consistent  daily  average  of  100  or  more  pa- 
tients, or  a  consistent  daily  average  of  90-100 


patients  if  satisfactory  afifiliations  are  pro- 
vided. 

The  school  and  the  hospital  providing  the 
clinical  experience  are  accredited  or  ap- 
proved by  the  appropriate  accrediting  agen- 
cies. 

The  clinical  facilities  are  adequate  for  the 
number  of  students  enrolled. 

It  can  increase  its  admissions  over  those  of 
the  year  1940-1941,  or  is  in  need  of  scholar- 
ships for  qualified  students  who  lack  funds. 
Each  student  receiving  a  scholarship  from  a 
school  and  derived  from  federal  funds  is 
expected  to  declare  her  intention  to  serve  at 
the  completion  of  her  program  where  most 
needed  in  the  field  in  which  she  is  best  qua- 
lified to  serve. 

A  school  of  nursing  is  entitled  to  re- 
ceive federal  aid  for  refresher  courses 
provided  : 

It  is  accredited  by  the  appropriate  agen- 
cies. 

Qualified  nurse  instructors  are  responsible 
for  the  program. 

The  course  is  not  less  than  two  months  or 
more  than  three  months  in  length,  with  a 
satisfactory  balance  of  theory  and  practice. 

The  students  declare  their  intention  to 
practise  nursing  at  the  completion  of  the 
course. 

An    institution    is    entitled    to   receive 


DECEMBER,   1942 


936 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


federal  aid  for  a  post-graduate  program 
of  study  provided  : 

It  is  accredited  by  the  appropriate  agen- 
cies. 

It  offers  satisfactory  programs  of  study, 
including  supervised  field  experience. 

The  students  declare  their  intention  to 
serve  in  situations  in  which  they  can  make 
the  greatest  contribution. 

Funds  are  allotted  by  the  U.  S.  Pub- 
lic Health  Service  directly  to  parti- 
cipating schools  for  the  following  pur- 
poses : 

Scholarships   for  qualified  needy  students. 

Additional  instructors  and  instructional  fa- 
cilities commensurate  to  the  increased  stu- 
dent enrolment. 

Subsistence,  including  housing,  food,  and 
laundry,  during  that  portion  of  the  program, 
when  the  student  is  not  rendering  any  ap- 
preciable service  to  the  institution  (usually 
the  first  six  months). 

Expansion  of  clinical  experience  through 
affiliation  with  other  institutions  or  agen- 
cies. 

Funds  arc  not  to  be  used  for  any  stu- 
dents who  are  more  than  three  years 
from  date  of  graduation.  In  other 
words,  federal  funds  are  to  be  used  for 
the  clinical  portion  of  the  nursing  pro- 
gram of  study  and  not  for  the  pre- 
nursing  portion. 

The  maximum  amount  allowable  to 
an  eligible  school  of  nursing  is  as  fol- 
lows : 

$300  per  capita  for  every  increased  ad- 
mission over  the  1940-1941  admissions.  This 
$300  per  capita  is  modified  in  accordance  to 
date  of  student  admission. 

$50  per  capita  for  those  students  (now 
second-year  students)  admitted  in  1941-1942 
through  federal  funds,  and  remaining  in  the 
school. 

An  average  of  $50  per  capita  for  affilia- 
tions for  second  and  third-year  students  pro- 
vided the  school  was  able  to  increase  its  ad- 
missions last  year  or  proposes  to  do  so  this 
vear. 


Tuition  scholarships  for  qualified  needy 
students  (and  this  in  addition  to  the  basic 
per  capita  allowance  for  student  increase.) 
.Such  scholarships  may  be  requested  by  an 
eligible  school,  even  though  it  is  unable  to 
show   an   increase   in   admissions. 

In  making  federal  allotments,  the  to- 
tal school  budget  is  studied  to  determine 
the  student  per  capita  cost  requested 
from  federal  funds  in  relation  to  the 
total  school  cost.  After  determining 
the  ceiling  or  maximum  federal  amount 
which  any  given  school  of  nursing  may 
receive,  the  next  question  is  the  alloca- 
tion of  the  total  amount  among  the  va- 
rious budgetary  items.  Here  again  cer- 
tain criteria  arc  used  as  guides  although 
so  far  as  possible  allotments  are  made  in 
accordance  with  the  itemized  request  of 
the  school.  An  additional  instructor's  sa- 
lary may  be  requested  for  an  increase  of 
every  15  students.  These  additional 
instructors  may  be  employed  and  salary 
paid  beginning  two  to  four  weeks  be- 
fore the  date  of  admission  of  proposed 
class.  One  half  the  salary  of  a  clerk  may 
be  requested  for  an  increase  of  every  30 
students. 

It  is  the  aim  of  this  program  that 
scholarships  be  provided  so  that  no  qua- 
lified student  will  be  barred  from  enter- 
ing a  school  of  nursing  because  of  lack 
of  funds.  Subsistence  may  be  requested 
under  the  separate  items — housing,  food, 
and  laundry — for  first-year  students  re- 
presenting increased  admissions  and  for 
that  period  during  which  the  number  of 
hours  of  nursing  practice  in  the  hospital 
does  not  exceed  30  hours  a  week.  Full 
maintenance  must  not  be  requested  for 
a  period  exceeding  six  months. 

Housing  continues  to  present  a  se- 
rious "bottleneck"  in  the  admission  of 
increased  numbers  of  students.  Federal 
funds  may  be  used  for  renting  additional 
dormitory  space.  When  this  is  done  and 
a  school  obligates  itself  to  rent  on  a 
yearly  basis,  a  certain  amount  of  federal 


Vol.    38.   No.    12 


FEDERAL    GRANT    IN    THE    U.  S.  A. 


937 


funds  may  be  used  for  the  housing 
throughout  the  first  year  for  students  re- 
presented in  the  increase.  Also,  limited 
funds  may  be  requested  for  housing 
graduates  outside  the  nurses'  residence 
as  a  means  of  providing  additional  quar- 
ters for  the  increased  number  of  stu- 
dents, and  this  requested  in  lieu  of  stu- 
dent subsistence.  Limited  funds  may  be 
used  also  for  converting  certain  existing 
facilities  and  space  into  living  quarters 
for  the  further  expansion  of  the  school. 
A  limited  amount  may  be  allocated  to 
classroom  facilities,  including  equipment 
and  supplies,  school  office  supplies,  and 
library.  The  maximum  amount  allow- 
able to  an  institution  for  the  training  of 
graduate  nurses  is  $100  per  month  per 
.student,  and  in  no  instance  is  to  exceed 
$500  for  any  one  student.  Requests  for 
tuition  scholarships  shall  not  exceed  50 


per  cent  of  the  anticipated  enrolment. 

The  Advisory  Committee  has  encou- 
raged the  establishment  of  centralized 
teaching  plans  as  a  means  of  economiz- 
ing such  resources  as  instructional  per- 
sonnel, equipment,  and  clinical  facilities 
of  a  group  of  schools  of  nursing  during 
a  certain  period  of  time  or  for  certain 
courses.  Li  some  instances  (  1 )  all 
funds  are  paid  to  the  school  offering  the 
central  program;  (2)  a  portion  of  the 
funds  is  paid  to  the  school  offering  the 
central  program  and  a  portion  to  the 
participating  schools;  (3)  all  funds  are 
paid  to  participating  schools  which  reim- 
burse the  school  offering  the  central 
program. 

The  payment  for  tuition  and  entrance 
fees  may  be  requested  as  soon  as  the  stu- 
dents have  enrolled  in  the  school. 


Have  you  the  Conference  Habit? 


Do  you  suffer  from  the  great  conference 
habit? 

This  habit  has  been  growing  amazinglj'^ 
in  the  past  several  years.  Originally  it  started 
with  the  very  good  idea  that,  because  busi- 
ness organizations  were  spreading  out  and 
personal  contact  was  difficult  to  maintain, 
team-work  could  be  promoted  by  bringing 
the  men  together  every  so  often  from  de- 
partments and  branches. 

But  nowadays,  wherever  two  or  three  are 
gathered  together,  even  in  everyday  rou- 
tine talk,  that  is  sanctified  by  the  term 
"conference". 

Not  long  ago  a  new  manager  took  charge 
of  a  busines  so  hypnotized  with  the  con- 
ference idea  that  it  was  falling  to  pieces. 
Able  men  were  quickly  lost  because  they 
could  get  nothing  done.  No  matter  what 
project  was  proposed,  the  conference  crowd 
held  an  autopsy  on  it.  The  bigger  it  hap- 
pened to  be,  the  greater  the  necessity  for 
careful  consideration  they  said. 

A  preliminary  conference  debated  the 
matter,  and  clearly  brought  out  all  the  ob- 


jections against  it,  and  reduced  initiative 
and  energy  to  doubts  and  delays.  Then  all 
the  misgivings  were  handed  over  to  sub- 
committees, who  held  other  conferences  upon 
them,  until  finally  the  project  was  set  aside 
altogether,  to  wait  until  times  got  better  or 
the  weather  changed.  That  business  had  de- 
generated into  an  organization  of  debating 
clubs. 

What  the  new  manager  did  was  very 
simple.  Going  back  to  first  principles  for 
debating  societies,  he  applied  ordinary  par- 
liamentary rules  to  hold  discussion  on  the 
track  and  run  it  on  schedule,  and  wielded 
the  gavel  on  anybody  who  tried  to  wreck 
the  train  or  lead  it  off  on  a  ramble  through 
the  woods.  He  cut  down  on  the  number  of 
conferences,  and  anyone  who  attended  one 
of  this  manager's  conferences,  got  enough 
things  to  do  to  keep  him  busy  for  a  week, 
with  full  authority  to  carry  them  out,  and 
the  obligation  to  come  into  the  next  con- 
ference bringing  the  results. 

—  Canadian  Business 


DECEMBER.    1942 


Last  Post 


Nursing  Sister  Agnes  W.  Wilkie 

In  the  November  issue  of  the  Journal 
the  brief  announcement  was  made  that 
Nursing  Sister  Agnes  W.  Wilkie,  a 
member  of  the  Nursing  Service  of  the 
Royal  Canadian  Navy,  was  among  the 
missing  after  the  sinking  of  the  S.  S.  Ca- 
ribou as  a  result  of  enemy  action.  Her 
body  was  subsequejitly  recovered,  and 
the  Journal  is  indebted  to  Matron  Stib- 
bard,  Nursing  Service,  Royal  Canadian 
Navy,  and  to  Miss  Syretha  Squires,  Di- 
rector of  Departmental  Nursing  Ser- 
vices of  Newfoundland,  for  sending  an 
account  of  the  dignified  and  touching 
ceremony  which  marked  the  burial  of 
the  first  Naval  Nin^sing  Sister  to  make 
the  supreme  sacrifice  in  this  War.  The 
description  which  follows  is  quoted  from 
The  Daily  News,  St.  John's,  New- 
foundland: 

On  a  rugged,  windblown  hillside  in 
Newfoundland,  her  Naval  comrades 
laid  to  rest  all  that  was  mortal  of  Agnes 
W.  Wilkie,  first  Nursing  Sister  of  the 
Royal  Canadian  Navy  to  make  the  su- 
preme sacrifice  in  the  present  war.  She 
lost  her  life  when  S.S.  Caribou,  New- 
foundland Ferry  Ship,  was  simk  by  an 


enemy  submarine  in  the  Cabot  Strait. 
In  the  chill  of  a  blustery  autumn  after- 
noon, they  bore  her  Union  Jack  draped 
casket  down  the  slope  of  St.  John's 
Mount  Pleasant  Cemetery  to  her  last 
resting  place — a  spot  that  is  forever  Ma- 
nitoba— because  she  was  a  Manitoba 
woman  and,  having  dedicated  her  life 
to  the  healing  of  others,  answered  her 
country's  call  early  and  went  forth  to 
serve.  She  was  appointed  to  the  Royal 
Canadian  Naval  Hospital  at  St.  John's 
where  she  became  Assistant  Matron  and 
she  had  just  completed  her  first  leave  as 
a  Naval  Nursing  Sister — a  visit  to  her 
parents  in  Carman,  Manitoba. 

She  and  her  hospital  companion.  Miss 
Margaret  M.  Brookes,  R.C.N.,  of  Ar- 
dath,  Saskatchewan,  kept  together  after 
the  torpedo  struck.  They  clung  deter- 
minedly to  the  same  raft  for  more  than 
two  hours  and  then  Nursing  Sister  Wil- 
kie lost  consciousness.  Just  before  dawn, 
the  seas  became  so  rough  that  Miss 
Brookes  could  not  hold  on  to  her  friend 
an)-  longer. 

"She  wasn't  hurt,  neither  did  she  suf- 
fer for  long",  said  Miss  Brookes,  who 
was  rescued  when  a  rating  on  the  rescue 
ship  dived  overboard  and  picked  her  up. 
"I  think  the  cold  and  the  constant 
splashing  of  the  waves  over  us  was  just 
too  much  for  her.  Had  I  only  had  two 
hands  with  which  to  hold  her,  but  I 
had  to  hang  on  with  one  and  I  was  so 
cold  and  numb  that  I  didn't  seem  to 
have  any  strength  left". 

The  body  of  Nursing  Sister  Wilkie 
was  the  first  to  be  reclaimed  from  the 
sea.  The  remains  were  brought  to  Port 
aux  Basques  and  thence  were  sent  on  to 
St.  John's  escorted  by  Paymaster-Lieu- 
tenant Eric  N.  Wright,  R.C.N. V.R.,  a 
Naval  Officer  from  the  late  Nursing 
Sister's   native   province.    The     funeral. 


Vol.   38,  No.   12 


LAST    POST 


939 


with  full  Naval  honours,  took  place  the 
same  day  from  Cochrane  Street  United 
Church.  The  service  was  conducted  by 
Rev.  G.  Ro)-  Inglis,  Chaplain  of  the 
Royal  Canadian  Navy,  assisted  by  the 
pastor.  Rev.  Clifford  Knowles.  Com- 
modore E.  R.  Mainguy,  R.C.N.,  Flag 
Officer  Newfoimdland  Force,  paid  his 
respects  both  at  the  church  service  and 
at  the  graveside,  while  the  Nursing  Sis- 
ters from  the  R.C.N.  Hospital,  led  by 
Matron  E.  I.  Stibbard,  attended  in  a 
body,  as  did  the  R.C.N.  Surgeons, 
headed  by  Commander  A.  L.  Anderson, 
Base  Medical  Officer.  All  other  Naval 
establishments  were  represented,  as  well 
as  medical  officers  and  nurses  from  all 
other  services,  including  those  of  the 
United  States. 


Colours  of  the  ships  in  Harbour  and 
of  the  shore  establishments  were  at  half- 
mast  and  the  Firing  Party  and  Naval 
Escort  were  lined  up  outside  the  Church 
as  six  Sick  Berth  Attendants,  who  had 
worked  in  close  association  with  the  late 
Nursing  Sister,  carried  the  casket. 

The  rain  beat  down  as  the  cortege 
wended  its  way  along  the  cemetery 
path  to  the  graveside.  The  Chaplain  in- 
toned the  burial  prayer  "ashes  to 
ashes,  dust  to  dust".  Three  volleys  rang 
out  and,  as  the  notes  of  the  "Last  Post" 
died  away  in  the  stillness  of  the  after- 
noon. Commodore  Mainguy  stepped  to 
the  open  grave  and  brought  his  right 
hand  up  in  final  salute.  It  was  then  that 
a  shaft  of  sun  breached  the  slanting  rain 
and  threw  its  rays  on  the  casket. 


The  Final  Salute 


DECEMBER,   1942 


obituaries 


Mrs.  Fenton  (Helen  Schonnop) 
died  recently.  Mrs.  Fenton  was  a  grad- 
uate of  the  School  of  Nursing  of  the 
Montreal  General  Hospital  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Class  of  1929. 


Mary  Nunn,  a  graduate  of  the 
School  of  Nursing  of  the  Brockville 
General  Hospital,  and  a  member  of  the 
Class  of  1896,  died  recently.  Miss  Nunn 
served  mostly  in  the  private  duty  field, 
latterly  in  Alexandria  Bay,  New  York, 
where,  shortly  before  her  death,  a  group 
of  nurses  named  themselves  "The  Ma- 
ry Nunn  Nursing  Group". 


In  1916,  Miss  Nunn  went  overseas 
on  mihtary  service  and  became  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Imperial  Mihtary  Nursing 
Service.  She  was  assigned  to  a  hospital 
where  a  great  many  wounded  German 
prisoners  were  received.  Miss  Nunn  was 
invested  with  the  Royal  Red  Cross  by 
King  George  V.  Later  she  went  to 
France  with  the  No.  3  General  Hos- 
pital. 

At  the  graduation  exercises  in  1940, 
the  occasion  of  the  fiftieth  anniversary 
of  her  training  school.  Miss  Nunn  pre- 
sented the  hospital  emblems  to  the  gra- 
duating class  and  was  also  the  special 
speaker  at  the  reunion  banquet. 


British  Nurses  Relief  Fund 


Contributions    to   the    British    Nurses 
Relief  Fund   have  been   received   from: 

Nova  Scoia'. 

Halifax    Branch    $30.00 

Valley    Branch    10.12 

Antigonish-Guysborough-Inverness- 

Richmond   Branch    10.00 

Ontario : 
Districts  2  and  3 : 

Simcoe  Nurses  Registry    170.00 

Kitchener   nurses    150.00 

Brantford  General  Hospital  nurses..  11.00 
Stratford  General  Hospital  nurses..  31.75 
District  4: 

A.  A.,  Hamilton  General  Hospital . .       30.00 
Nurses  of  Mountain  Sanatorium,  Ha- 
milton            18.10 

Welland  Graduate  Nurses  6.00 

District  5: 

A. A..    Hospital    for    Sick    Children, 

Toronto   8.00 

A.A..  Toronto  General  Hospital  .  . .  150.00 
Public   Health   Nurses   Association, 

Toronto   130.00 

Victorian  Order  of  Nurses,  Toronto.  16.45 
Private  Duty  Group,  Toronto  General 

940 


Hospital    127.40 

Chorley  Park  Nursing  Sisters'  Mess  25.00 
Matron  &  Nursing  Sisters,  Military 

Hospital,    Camp    Borden    23.35 

District  6 : 

Nurses  of  Ontario  Hospital,  Cobourg  4.32 

District  9: 

Parry. Sound  General  Hospital  nurses  5.00 

Kirkland  Lake  nurses  15.75 

Individual    1.00 

Prince  Edward  Island: 
Graduate  nurses.  Charlottetown  Hos- 
pital        15.00 

Saskatcheivan : 

Nurses  of  Melfort  &  District   19.61 

Nurses  of  Rosetown  Hospital,  Rose- 
town     5.00 

.\.A.,    St.    Elizabeth's    Hospital, 
Humboldt    10.00 

St.  Elizabeth's  Student  Body,  Hum- 
boldt   ' 7.50 

Kindersley  married  nurses  &  hospital 

staff.   Kindersley    22.00 

Graduate  Nurses  Association,  Prince 
Albert    15.00 

Individual    donations     15.50 

Vol.    38,   No.    12 


PUBLIC   HEALTH   NURSING 


Contributed  by  the  Public  Health  Section  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association. 

Health  Education  in  the  Regina  Normal  School 

Elizabeth  Smith 


The  program  of  health  education  in 
the  Normal  Schools  of  Saskatchewan 
is,  of  course,  not  new,  Saskatchewan  be- 
ing one  of  the  first  provinces  to  include 
this  course  in  the  training  of  student- 
teachers.  In  the  health  program  of  every 
school,  attention  must  be  given  first  to 
the  health  of  the  student  and  second  to 
health  instruction.  Provision  for  the 
health  of  the  student  involves  all  of  the 
health  services  of  the  school. 

One  important  objective  of  any 
teacher  training  school  should  be  the 
selection  of  students  without  physical 
handicap.  In  Saskatchewan  each  pros- 
pective student  is  required  to  present, 
upon  application  for  admission  to  normal 
school,  a  medical  certificate  of  health 
and  physical  fitness.  This  plan  presents 
some  very  obvious  weaknesses  but  is  be- 
coming more  and  more  effective.  Im- 
mediately after  admission  to  the  school 
a  record  is  made  of  the  health  of  each 
student.  This  record  includes  a  instory 
of  past  illnesses,  a  record  of  the  findings 
of  the  medical  examination,  an  inspec- 
tion of  vision,  hearing,  throat  and  teeth. 
Each  student  is  interviewed  by  the 
school  nurse  who  then  has  a  very  good 
estimate  of  the  individual  health  and 
health  needs  of  the  students.  This 
initial  health  inspection  is  followed  by  a 
further  medical  examination  where  the 

DECEMBER,   1942 


need  seems  to  be  indicated.  Continual 
necessary  check-up  is  made  in  an  en- 
deavour to  have  all  remediable  defects 
corrected  during  the  year.  A  report  of 
the  health  of  the  student  is  given  a  very 
important  place  on  his  record  card  kept 
permanently  on  file  in  the  school. 

Health  supervision  of  the  students  in- 
cludes home  visits  in  case  of  illness. 
Many  young  student-teachers  are  away 
from  home  for  the  first  time.  The  nurse 
is  often  able  to  give  assistance  in  se- 
curing medical  attention  as  well  as  in 
arranging  for  nursing  care  of  the  pa- 
tient. Such  attention  during  illness  is 
usually  reassuring  not  only  to  students 
but  also  to  parents.  Home  visits  afford 
some  opportunity  for  becoming  acquaint- 
ed with  the  housing  conditions  of  the 
students.  In  the  normal  schools  of  Sas- 
katchewan, a  real  attempt  is  made  to 
assure  suitable  living  accommodation. 
However,  as  complete  control  over  this 
phase  of  the  student  life  is  not  given  the 
school,  an  approved  list  of  boarding 
houses  maintained  at  the  school  is  not 
always  used  to  the  greatest  advantage. 

For  the  past  twelve  years,  all  student- 
teachers  in  Saskatchewan  have  been 
examined  by  specialists  of  the  Anti-tu- 
berculosis League  of  the  province.  The 
use  of  the  fluorograph  machine  with  re- 
cent classes  has  greatly  speeded  up  the 

94& 


942 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


examination  which,  when  the  project 
was  first  undertaken,  included  a  physical 
examination  and  x-ray  for  each  student. 
The  value  of  this  educational  and  pre- 
ventive activity  cannot  be  estimated. 
Through  the  years,  several,  who  might 
have  gone  out  into  the  professional  field, 
have  been  withdrawn  and  given  treat- 
ment at  a  time  when  it  would  be  of 
greatest  benefit.  Others  have  been 
warned  and  assisted  in  building  up  a 
program  of  living  most  suitable  for  their 
needs.  The  co-operation  of  the  pro- 
vincial public  health  department  in  re- 
cent years  has  made  it  possible  for 
students,  so  desiring  to  have  the  Wasser- 
mann  Test.  While  this  is  done,  as  yet, 
entirely  on  a  voluntary  basis,  it  has  been 
gratifying  to  note  that  the  response  is 
almost  always  one  hundred  percent. 

A  special  feature  of  the  health  service 
of  the  Regina  Normal  School  is  the 
Mutual  Benefit  Society;  this  is  a  form  of 
insurance  duly  licensed  by  the  provincial 
government.  Any  student  in  attendance 
is  eligible  for  membership  upon  the  pay- 
ment of  a  fifty  cent  fee  for  each  term. 
From  this  fund  are  paid,  at  the  end  of 
the  term,  claims,  approved  by  the  execu- 
tive of  the  society.  Every  term  this  in- 
surance has  proved  its  worth. 

The  teaching  of  health  in  the  Normal 
School  includes  instruction  in  the  fol- 
lowing phases  of  a  school  health  pro- 
gram :  the  health  of  the  teacher,  the 
maintenance  of  a  healthful  and  attrac- 
tive school  environment,  the  health  of 
children,  and  the  interpretation  of  the 
courses  in  health  as  suggested  in  the  cur- 
riculum of  the  elementary  school.  With 
the  beginning  of  this  term  the  Normal 
School  year  has  been  reorganized  into 
three  quarters  of  twelve  weeks  each. 
The  work  is  classified  under  the  head- 
ings of  compulsory  credit  courses,  now 
credit  courses  and  optional  additional 
courses  in  each  quarter.  Certain  phases 
of    teacher    training    are    dealt    with    in 


one  quarter  of  the  year,  others  are  com- 
pleted in  two  quarters.  Health  educa- 
tion, however,  is  allowed  an  equal 
amount  of  time  in  each  quarter  and  is 
a  compulsory  credit  course.  It  is  given, 
therefore,  the  emphasis  which  it  rightly 
deserves. 

First  aid  instruction,  as  outlined  by 
the  St.  John  Ambulance  Association,  is 
another  feature  of  the  health  instruction 
in  the  Regina  Normal  School.  Students 
who  qualify  receive  the  senior  first  aid 
certificate.  One  of  the  optional  addi- 
tional courses  offered  is  home  nursing. 
At  present,  a  group  of  students  is  re- 
ceiving instruction  in  the  more  useful 
aspects  of  caring  for  illnesses  in  the 
home.  The  importance  attached  to 
health  teaching  in  the  Normal  School 
has  been  illustrated  recently  by  the  De- 
partment of  Education.  The  outline  of 
health  instruction  has  been  given  first 
place  in  the  revised  curriculum  for  ele- 
mentary schools. 

During  the  past  few  years,  confer- 
ences of  superintendents  of  schools  and 
instructors  in  Normal  Schools  have  been 
arranged  by  the  department  of  educa- 
tion. These  conferences,  I  believe,  are 
playing  a  very  important  part  in  se- 
curing better  results  in  health  programs 
of  rural  and  town  schools.  The  Normal 
School  instructor  has  been  given  an  op- 
portunity to  see  the  problems  from  the 
poijit  of  view  of  the  person  in  the  field. 
Superintendents,  on  the  other  hand,  be- 
come more  aware  of  the  instruction 
given  in  the  Normal  School  and  know 
what  should  be  expected  of  the  teacher 
in  carrying  out  a  well  balanced  school 
health  program. 

While  those  interested  are  not  com- 
placently satisfied  with  all  aspects  of 
health  work  in  the  Normal  School, 
nevertheless,  it  is  felt  that  the  program 
has  much  to  commend  it  and  that  it  has 
made  a  valuable  contribution  to  the  life 
of  the  province. 

Vol.   38,  No.   12 


HOSPITALS   &    SCHOOLS    of  NURSING 

Contributed  by  the  Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing  Section  of  the   C.   N.   A. 

The  Toronto  Committee  on  Instruction 

Miriam  Gibson 


What  is  the  Toronto  Committee  on 
Instruction,  what  has  it  accomplished, 
and  what  is  its  value?  For  about  twen- 
ty-five years,  the  majority  of  the  schools 
of  nursing  of  the  city  of  Toronto  have 
had  a  centralized  system  of  instruction 
for  those  lectures  which  are  given  by 
the  doctors,  psychologists  and  chemists. 
The  system  started  as  the  result  of  a 
shortage  of  lecturers  during  the  war  of 
1914-1918.  The  schedule  of  lectures 
in  this  centralized  system  is  arranged  by 
the  superintendents  of  nurses  who  meet 
in  committee  several  times  during  the 
year  at  which  time  the  instructors  of 
nurses  are  invited  to  attend.  Several  of 
the  instructors  felt  that  it  would  be  of 
advantage  to  the  teaching  group  if  oc- 
casionally they  could  meet  to  discuss  their 
problems.  The  result  was  that  on  Octo- 
ber 8,  1930,  at  a  meeting  of  the  Cen- 
tralized Committee  it  was  decided  that 
an  Instructors'  Section  of  this  commit- 
tee should  be  formed,  the  organization 
of  which  was  to  be  left  to  them. 

The  first  meeting  of  the  Instructors 
Section,  held  at  the  Toronto  Western 
Hospital,  was  a  most  enthusiastic  one. 
The  ten  hospitals  comprising  the  cen- 
tralized group  were  represented  by  se- 
venteen members  and  at  that  time,  only 
those  nurses  who  were  instructors  of 
nurses  in  the  hospitals  became  members 


of  the  Instructors  Section.  An  account 
of  this  organization  will  be  considered  in 
two  phases,  the  first  phase  covering  the 
period  from  organization  in  1930  to  re- 
organization in  1935,  the  second  phase 
covering  the  period  from  reorganization 
in  1935  to  the  present.  The  first  meet- 
ing of  the  Instructors'  Section  was  des- 
cribed as  "a  meeting  of  a  group  of 
nurses  all  of  whom  were  interested  in 
nursing  problems".  Their  aims  and 
ideals  were  high  and  their  problems  were 
many.  A  membership  fee  of  one  dollar 
was  agreed  upon  and  continued  for  two 
years.  In  1932  it  was  decided  to  have 
a  fee  of  one  dollar  for  new  members 
and  an  annual  fee  of  fifty  cents.  The 
Section  did  not  have  many  expenses  so 
that  the  fees  covered  necessary  corre- 
spondence, made  it  possible  to  purchase 
materials  of  aid  in  special  studies,  and 
provided  occasional  speakers  for  the 
meetings. 

The  plans  for  the  following  year  pro- 
vided for  meetings  to  be  held  monthly, 
each  of  the  hospitals  in  turn  being  res- 
ponsible for  the  programme.  Demons- 
trations were  given  in  nursing  proce- 
dures and  papers  presented  which 
brought  forth  various  questions,  for  ex- 
ample: could  the  procedure  be  simplified 
and  could  it  be  made  uniform  to  all  hos- 
pitals?   Were    certain    requisites    neces- 


DECEMBER,  1942 


943 


944 


THE    C  A  N  A  D  I  A  N    NURSE 


sary  and  why  was  this  method  used?  A 
number  of  these  discussions  required  con- 
siderable research  to  provide  the  accu- 
rate answers  to  the  questions.  At  this 
point  it  may  be  well  to  recall  that  the 
Instructors'  Section  was  a  subcommit- 
tee of  the  Centralized  Committee  and 
that  findings  of  this  Section  were  re- 
ferred to  the  superintendents  for  ap- 
proval   and   adoption    where    necessary. 

As  the  years  went  on,  such  topics 
of  interest  were  studied  as  the  various 
aspects  of  teaching;  self-examination  in 
the  ways  of  teaching;  the  ratio  of  theory 
to  laboratory  and  demonstration;  the 
educational  value  of  case  studies;  the 
new  type  of  examinations  and  their  ad- 
vantages to  the  student  and  teacher. 
A  study  of  the  history  of  nursing  in  Can- 
ada was  made  in  five  periods  from  1600 
to  1933  and  was  presented  to  each 
member  of  the  Section.  At  the  time  of 
the  Silver  Jubilee  of  the  Canadian 
Nurses  Association  in  June,  1934,  this 
information  proved  to  be  of  inestimable 
value  to  the  narrator  in  the  production 
of  the  pageant  a  description  of  which 
may  be  found  on  pages  363  and  366  of 
The  Canadian  NursCy  August  1934. 

The  activities  of  the  Instructors  Sec- 
tion created  an  interest  which  had  never 
been  anticipated.  At  a  special  meeting, 
during  the  Silver  Jubilee,  consideration 
was  given  to  the  advisability  of  forming 
an  Instructors'  Chapter  as  a  branch  of 
the  Nurse  Education  Section,  now  the 
Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing  Section, 
of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association. 

A  resolution  was  forwarded  to  the 
general  meeting  to  the  effect  "that  a 
committee  be  formed  within  the  Nurse 
Education  Section  to  be  known  as  the 
Committee  on  Instruction  for  the  pur- 
poses of  securing  closer  contact  for  the 
consideration  of  special  problems".  The 
outcome  of  this  resolution  was  the  form- 
ing of  the  present  national  committee. 

The  second  phase  began  in  Novem- 


ber 1935  when  the  Instructors  Section 
in  Toronto  gave  consideration  to  the  re- 
organization of  the  group  to  include  all 
nurses  concerned  with  the  teaching  of 
student  nurses  and  to  be  known  here- 
after as  the  Toronto  Committee  on  In- 
struction of  the  Nurse  Education  Sec- 
tion of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association. 
The  Committee  on  Instruction  was  now 
to  include  in  its  membership,  nurse  in- 
structors and  teaching  supervisors  from 
all  qualified  schools  of  nursing,  schools 
of  affiliation,  and  health  agencies  in  and 
near  Toronto.  All  members  of  the  Com- 
mittee were  now  required  to  be  mem- 
bers of  the  Registered  Nurses  Association 
of  Ontario  and,  as  a  subcommittee,  we 
could  no  longer  collect  a  separate  fee. 
The  few  expenses  of  the  local  Commit- 
fee  have  been  carried  since  this  time  by 
special  collections  whenever  necessary. 
New  members  have  brought  added  ex- 
perience and  new^  ideas  to  the  group 
which  have  broadened  and  stimulated 
interest  in  the  many  phases  of  the  nurse 
education  programme. 

Nursing  procedures  must  be  thought 
of  not  only  in  relation  to  the  hospital 
environment  but  of  how  they  may  be 
modified  and  applied  to  nursing  in  the 
home.  Should  not  the  student  nurse  in 
the  field  of  public  health  be  prepared  to 
apply  and  to  teach  simplified  nursing 
measures  for  the  comfort  of  her  pa- 
tients? Is  this  not  what  is  expected  of 
the  nurse  in  the  home?  At  the  request  of 
the  Committee  on  Instruction,  student 
nurses  from  the  various  schools  presented 
papers  on  "a  month  of  public  health 
experience",  making  a  comparative  stu- 
dy of  the  experience  received  by  the 
students  previously  and  that  received  at 
the  present  time.  The  changes  which 
had  been  made  proved  to  be  of  definite 
advantage  to  the  student  as  it  gave  her 
a  broader  knowledge  of  the  work  in  the 
health  field.  In  past  years,  the  student 
nurse  spent  her  entire  time  in  one  branch 


Vol.  38,  No.   12 


TORONTO  COMMITTEE  ON    INSTRUCTION     945 


of  the  public  healtli  service  whereas  now 
she  develops  an  understanding  of  the 
visiting  bedside  nurse,  the  school  nurse, 
the  work  of  the  nurse  in  well  baby 
clinics,  the  follow-up  work  in  connec- 
tion with  hospitals  and  so  on. 

To  what  extent  are  extra  curricular 
activities  encouraged  in  nursing  schools? 
This  subject  was  studied  and  thorough- 
ly discussed  at  several  meetings  and  in 
1927  resulted  in  the  forming  of  an 
inter-school  organization  of  student 
nurses  in  Toronto.  This  organization 
is  still  quite  active  and  has  created  a  very 
friendly  relationship  between  the  nurs- 
ing schools.  An  inter-school  dinner  is 
held  annually  and,  to  develop  good 
sportsmanship,  there  are  tennis  and  bas- 
ket ball  tournaments.  Occasionally  the 
Committee  on  Instruction  arranges  for 
an  entertaining  and  educational  evening 
for  the  Inter-school  Group.  One  pro- 
gramme took  the  form  of  a  playlet  on 
tuberculosis  entitled,  "It  need  not  have 
been". 

Throughout  the  life  of  the  Commit- 
tee on  Instruction  many  topics  of  great 
interest  and  value  in  the  educational  field 
have  been  studied  and  discussed.  In  this 
year  of  1941-42,  at  the  request  of  the 


parent  organization,  an  intensive  study 
of  national  interest  has  been  conducted 
on  "uniformity  in  nurse  registration  ex- 
aminations". There  are  only  nine  pro- 
vinces in  this  great  Dominion  of  ours 
but  the  variations  in  the  examinations 
and  methods  of  conducting  these  were 
found  to  be  very  numerous.  What  is  to 
be  done  about  this?  What  is  the  pur- 
pose of  the  registration  examination?  To 
examine  the  nurse  on  nursing  is  it  not? 
Then  on  what  subjects  do  we  need  to 
examine?  Whatever  our  decisions  may 
be,  to  quote  from  Professor  Weir,  the 
examinations  must  be  "valid  and  reli- 
able". 

It  is  five  years  since  the  last  meet- 
ing of  the  International  Council  of 
Nurses  was  held  in  London,  England. 
The  papers  and  reports  presented  by  the 
various  countries  at  that  time  were  in- 
tensely interesting  and  are  all  the  more 
so  now.  Read  them  again.  When  one 
stops  to  think,  it  is  almost  impossible  to 
imagine  what  revolutionary  changes  will 
have  taken  place  by  the  next  meeting 
of  that  great  organization.  What  part 
is  nursing  in  Canada  going  to  play  in 
these  great  changes?  Every  individual 
must  play  her  part.  Instructors  of  nurses 
be  on  the  alert. 


R.N.A.B.C  Sponsors  Refresher  Course 


A  refresher  course,  sponsored  by  the 
Vancouver  Chapter  of  the  Registered 
Nurses  Association  of  British  Columbia, 
was  given  in  Vancouver  to  inactive  nurses 
from  September  28  to  October  9,  inclusive. 
Of  the  170  nurses  who  applied,  141  com- 
pleted the  course  of  lectures,  and  70  conti- 
nued on  to  obtain  40  hours  of  supervised 
hospital  practice.  The  lecture  course  con- 
sisted of  20  hours  of  lectures  and  demons- 
trations in  general  nursing  care,  newer 
drugs,  recent  medical  and  surgical  advances, 
the  principles  of  pediatric  and  obstetrical 
nursing,  nutrition,  and  anaesthesia.  The 
Schools  of   Nursing  of   St.   Paul's   Hospital 


and  the  Vancouver  General  Hospital  were 
mf>st  generous  in  extending  their  facilities, 
and  allowing  us  to  appoint,  subject  to  their 
approval,  paid  supervisors  to  direct  the  hos- 
pital experience  of  the  70  nurses  who  took 
advantage  of  the  offer. 

Owing  to  capacity  enrolment  in  this 
course,  the  Vancouver  Chapter  had  felt  it 
advisable  to  repeat  it  and  to  arrange  again 
for  hospital  experience  for  those  who  have 
since  felt  the  need  to  rally  to  the  call.  So, 
starting  on  November  16,  the  entire  course 
was  again  presented. 

Frances  O.  McQuarrie 
Crmzruer,  Refresher  Course   Committee 


DECEMBER.   1942 


Canada  Year  Book,  1942 


The  1942  edition  of  the  Canada  Year 
Book,  published  by  authorization  of  the  Hon. 
James  A.  MacKinnon,  Minister  of  Trade 
and  Commerce,  is  announced  by  the  Dom- 
inion Bureau  of  Statistics.  The  Canada  Year 
Book  is  the  official  statistical  annual  of  the 
country  and  contains  a  thoroughly  up-to-date 
account  of  the  natural  resources  of  the 
Dominion  and  their  development,  the  history 
of  the  country,  its  institutions,  its  demo- 
graphy, the  different  branches  of  production, 
trade,  transportation,  finance,  education,  etc. 
— in  brief,  a  comprehensive  study  within  the 
limits  of  a  single  volume  of  the  social  and 
economic  condition  of  the  Dominion. 

Chapter  1  deals  with  the  natural  features 
of  the  country.  History  and  chronology,  and 
constitution  and  government  are  dealt  with 
in  Chapters  2  and  3,  while  the  composition 
of  the  population,  vital  statistics,  and  im- 
migration statistics  are  to  be  found  in  Chap- 
ters 4  to  6.  Chapter  7  is  a  general  survey  of 
production.  Chapters  8  to  IS,  inclusive,  give 
detailed  treatments  of  production  in  the 
leading  industries  of  the  country.  External 
trade  is  discussed  in  Chapter  16  and  includes 
a  study  of  the  tourist  trade  of  the  Dominion 
and  the  balance  of  international  payments. 
Internal  trade  as  distinguished  from  external 
trade  is  examined  in  Chapter  17.  Trans- 
portation and  communications  is  the  subject 
of  Chapter  18  and  Chapter  19  is  concerned 
with    labour,    wages    and    cost    of     living. 


Chapter  20  deals  with  prices  of  commodities 
and  services  with  interest  rates  and  import 
and  export  valuations.  The  public  finance  of 
Canada — Dominion,  provincial,  and  municipal 
— is  the  universally  interesting  and  important 
subject  of  Chapter  21,  which  also  includes  a 
treatment  of  national  wealth  and  income. 
Finance,  other  than  public,  is  dealt  with  in 
the  next  two  chapters.  Chapters  24  to  26  deal 
with  education,  public  health  and  related 
institutions,  and  judicial  and  penitentiary  sta- 
tistics, respectively,  and  Chapter  27  with 
miscellaneous  administration.  The  sources 
of  official  statistical  and  other  information 
relative  to  Canada  are  given  in  Chapter  28, 
together  with  a  list  of  the  publications  of  the 
Dominion  and  Provincial  Governments.  The 
volume  is  carefully  indexed,  and  includes 
several  lithographed  maps  and  many  charts 
and  diagrams. 

Persons  requiring  the  Year  Book  may  ob- 
tain it  from  the  King's  Printer.  Ottawa,  as 
long  as  the  supply  lasts,  at  the  price  of 
$1.50  per  copy;  this  covers  merely  the  cost 
of  paper,  printing  and  binding.  By  a  special 
concession,  a  limited  number  of  paperbound 
copies  have  been  set  aside  for  ministers  of 
religion,  bona  fide  students  and  school 
teachers,  who  may  obtain  such  copies  at  the 
nominal  price  of  50  cents  each  but  applica- 
tion for  these  special  copies  should  be  di- 
rected to  the  Dominion  Statistician.  Domi- 
nion  Bureau  of   Statistics,  Ottawa. 


Recognition  of  Merit 


The  good  news  that  E.  Muriel  McKee, 
superintendent  of  the  Brantford  General 
Hospital,  Brantford,  Ontario,  has  been 
elected  first  vice-president  of  the  American 
Hospital  Association  will  be  greeted  with 
enthusiasm  by  the  nurses  of  Canada.  For 
nearly  twenty  years.  Miss  McKee  has  been 
the  extremely  efficient  superintendent  of  a 
very  active  hospital  that  enjoys  the  respect 
and  confidence  of  the  important  community 
which  it  serves  so  well.  We  have  every  rea- 
son to  be  proud  of  the  enviable  reputation 
which   our    nurse   administrators   have   built 


up  for  themselves  and  this  timely  recogni- 
tion of  one  of  the  ablest  of  them  is  most 
welcome. 

It  is  also  a  pleasure  to  learn  that  Miss 
Priscilla  Campbell,  superintendent  of  the 
Public  General  Hospital,  Chatham,  and  Rev. 
Sister  Claire  Maitre,  superintendent  of  the 
Hotel  Dieu  Hospital,  Windsor,  Ontario, 
have  both  been  admitted  to  membership  in 
the  American  College  of  Hospital  Adminis- 
trators, Hearty  congratulations  to  both  of 
them. 


946 


Vol.   38.  No.   12 


STUDENT   NURSES   PAGE 


Puerperal  Thrombosis 

A   Stud\   made   by   a  group   of  Student   Nurses 
School    of    Nursing,    Saskatoon  C'tt\  Hospital 


The  general  cause  of  puerperal 
thrombosis  is  infection.  Puerperal  infec- 
tion acts  in  two  ways:  first  by  alteration 
of  the  blood  predisposing  the  thrombi 
distant  from  the  site  of  the  disease,  and 
second,  the  infection  may  spread  along 
the  veins  or  to  the  veins  directly  caus- 
ing thrombosis.  Usually  this  condition 
is  the  end  result  of  infection  in  the  uterus 
which  causes  thrombus  in  the  veins  of 
the  pelvis  and  thrombi  travelling  upward 
to  the  heart  or  down  to  the  lower  extre- 
mities. When  the  infection  travels  down- 
ward, the  limb  becomes  swollen  and 
painful  and  the  skin  is  tense  and  white, 
almost  translucent.  It  is  very  tender  to 
the  touch.  If  this  infection  proceeds  from 
the  uterus  and  attacks  the  cellular  tis- 
sue around  the  veins,  the  condition  is 
known  as  phlegmasia  alba  dolens. 

In  Mrs.  B's  case,  she  noticed  her 
right  leg  becoming  very  painful  the  day 
following  her  delivery  and,  on  the  sec- 
ond day,  her  left  leg  also  became  quite 
painful.  There  was  very  slight  swelling 
but  it  must  have  been  a  low-grade  in- 
fection as  there  was  no  tenseness  of  the 
skin  or  the  white  marble  effect.  There 
apparently  was  no  direct  infection  of 
the  uterus  in  this  case  as  the  subinvolu- 
tion and  lochia  were  normal  and  there 
was  no  elevation  of  temperature.  This 


infection  may  have  come  from  the  pa- 
tient's teeth.  They  are  very  decayed  and 
have  been  so  for  the  past  two  years.  Her 
last  pregnancy  was  about  two  and  a 
half  years  ago  and,  following  that  deli- 
very, she  had  the  same  pain  in  her 
right  leg  only  not  as  severe  as  at  present. 
The  doctor  ordered  ichthyol  oint- 
ment to  be  applied  to  the  painful  areas 
and  the  limb  to  be  wrapped  in  lint.  An 
electric  cradle  was  kept  over  the  patient's 
legs  at  all  times  and  the  heat  kept  on 
for  alternate  half-hours.  This  cradle 
kept  the  weight  of  the  bed-clothes  off 
the  feet  thus  preventing  any  condition 
such  as  drop-foot  developing.  Heparin 
was  given  to  the  patient  intravenously. 
This  reduces  the  clotting  time  of  the 
blood.  The  usual  method  of  adminis- 
tration is  intravenously  in  combination 
with  physiological  saline,  in  the  strength 
of  1  c.  c.  to  100  c.  c.  of  saline.  The  pro- 
per rate,  and  the  number  of  days  it  is 
desirable  for  the  administration  to  be 
continued,  varies  from  case  to  case. 
Over-dosing  must  be  carefully  avoided, 
so  competent  handling  must  be  ensured 
and  frequent  check  must  be  kept  on  the 
blood-clotting  time.  At  the  beginning 
of  heparin  administration,  Mrs.  B's 
clotting  time  was  7  minutes  and  45 
seconds  and  slowly  rose  to   12  minutes. 


DECEMBER,   1942 


947 


948 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


Eventually,  as  the  power  of  the  blood 
to  clot  become  lessened,  the  clots  pre- 
sent in  the  blood  stream  are  dissolved. 
Heparin  was  administered  for  3  days  at 
the  rate  of  24  c.c.  per  day  which  is  con- 
sidered an  average  dosage.  The  aver- 
age length  of  administration  is  12  to 
14  days,  overdosing  being  indicated  by 
the  clotting  time  exceeding  15  minutes. 
Heparin  acts  by  preventing  the  con- 
version  of   prothrombin   into   thrombin. 

Mrs.  B.  received  this  treatment  for 
approximately  one  week  and  seemed  to 
lose  all  symptoms  of  the  inflammation. 
We  tried  to  teach,  through  our  nursing 
care,  the  hygienic  habits  which  should 
be  carried  out  at  home  such  as  the  use 
of  an  antiseptic  mouthwash  to  lessen 
the  infection  present  in  her  mouth  from 
decayed  teeth  and  thus  to  prevent  any 
recurrence  of  the  condition.  The  patient 
was  also  informed  of  the  free  dental 
clinics  which  she  could  attend  to  have 
her  teeth  cared  for. 

This  condition  not  only  occurs  in 
post-partum  cases  but  may  also  occur 
during  pregnancy.  We  recently  admitted 
a  patient  whose  diagnosis  was  thrombo- 
phlebitis. She  is  seven  months  pregnant 
and  complained  of  tenderness  over  the 
femoral  vein  and  pain  in  the  calf  of  her 
leg.  There  is  some  swelling  of  the  ankle 
and  lower  leg  but  no  elevation  of  tem- 
perature and  it  is  apparently  a  low-grade 
infection.  This  is  an  unmarried  woman 
and  her  doctor  suggests  that  there  is  a 
possibility  of  introduction  of  infection  in 
the  uterus  by  attempts  to  interfere  with 
pregnancy.  The  treatment  was  hot  fo- 
mentations to  the  entire  leg  and  sulfa- 
thiazole  in  appropriate  dosage.  Nursing 
care  in  these  cases  is  to  keep  the  patient 
very  quiet,  preventing  the  movement  of 


the  limb  as  much  as  possible.  Under  no 
circumstances  is  the  limb  to  be  massaged 
as  this  may  cause  a  bit  of  the  clot  to 
break  off  thus  causing  an  embolism.  Spe- 
cial care  is  given  to  the  pressure  points 
to  prevent  bed-sores.  Later  on,  when 
signs  of  inflammation  are  gone,  the 
doctor  may  prescribe  gentle  massage. 
Thrombo-phlebitis  is  preventable  by 
good  pre-natal  care  starting  in  the  first 
few  months  of  pregnancy  and  good  sur- 
gical technique  being  carried  out  during 
labour  and  careful  technique  in  post- 
partum care.  The  prognosis  may  be  quite 
serious  but  not  usually  fatal. 

Femoral  phlebitis  or  thrombosis  is  a 
complication  usually  occuring  follow- 
ing operations  on  the  lower  abdomen. 
It  may  be  due  to  a  simple  clotting  of 
the  blood  in  the  veins,  a  result  of  insuf- 
ficient circulation  or  of  some  obstruction 
to  the  venous  return.  When  it  is  asso- 
ciated with  some  acute  inflammation 
elsewhere  in  the  body,  such  as  appen- 
dicitis with  peritonitis,  an  actual  inflam- 
mation of  the  vein  may  also  occur.  The 
first  symptom  is  usually  a  pain  or  cramp 
in  the  calf  of  the  leg.  A  day  or  so  later, 
a  painful  swelling  of  the  entire  leg  oc- 
curs, often  associated  with  a  slight  fever 
and  sometimes  chills  and  sweats.  The 
swelling  is  due  to  a  soft  edema  which  pits 
easily  on  pressure.  There  is  marked  ten- 
derness over  the  anteromesial  surface  of 
the  thigh  and  the  vein  may  easily  be  pal- 
pated. The  utmost  care  must  be  given 
lest  the  clot  be  dislodged  to  form  an  em- 
bolus. Massage  is  definitely  contra-in- 
dicated and  the  leg  is  kept  very  still, 
elevated  on  pillows,  flexed  slightly  at 
the  knee  and  kept  moist  with  compresses 
of  saturated  magnesium  sulphate  or 
Wn'ofht's  Solution. 


Vol.   38,  No.   12 


Internal  Medicine  and  the  Student  Nurse 

D.  M.  Baltzan,   F.R.C.P.  (C) 


The  beginner  in  her  career  as  a 
nurse  is  confronted  with  many  difficul- 
ties. Learning  strange  names  of  things 
is  not  one  of  the  least  of  her  troubles. 
Many  terms  in  common  usage  cannot 
be  clearly  defined.  They  can  only  be 
explained  in  order  to  be  understood.  In- 
ternal medicine  falls  into  this  category. 
The  word  "medicine"  is  applied  to  the 
whole  practice  of  recognized  procedures 
in  the  healing  art.  The  field  is  a  very 
wide  one  and  includes  medicine,  (in 
this  sense  a  subdivision)  surgery,  mid- 
wifery, and  allied  specialties.  When 
one  states  he  practises  medicine  it  may 
mean  either  covering  the  general  field 
or  limited  to  the  division  of  medicine, 
which  implies  a  restricted  field.  How- 
ever, a  simple  explanation  clarifies  the 
meaning.  It  must  be  understood  there 
is  only  an  arbitrary  boundary  line  se- 
parating the  subjects  included  under 
medicine  and  surgery  except  in  the 
classical  conditions.  The  beginner  should 
realize  right  at  the  start  that  these 
practices,  medical  or  surgical,  are  com- 
plementary and  not  opposing  schools 
of  thought  and  procedure.  The  dif- 
ference of  approach,  by  surgical  or  med- 
ical means,  depends  only  on  the  nature 
of  the  malady.  A  frank  pneumonia 
never  calls  for  surgery.  A  large  clean 
cut  in  the  flesh  always  requires  sur- 
gical repair.  Some  conditions  lend 
themselves  to  medical  treatment,  or 
surgical  correction  or  both.  The  final 
decision  is  a  matter  of  choice  based  on 
experience  and  judgment.  It  is  not 
a  compromise  between  deliberate  and 
opposing  points  of  view. 

Ailments  which  are  not  strictly  sur- 
gical or  which  do  not  belong  to  the 
surgical    specialties    are    medical    prob- 


lems. Besides  the  terms  "medicine" 
and  the  "division  of  medicine",  there 
is  also  the  term  "internal  medicine". 
Again,  an  exact  definition  of  the  latter 
cannot  be  made.  The  conception  of 
that  which  is  implied  in  the  term  "in- 
ternal medicine"  is  conveyed  in  a  pas- 
sage written  on  this  subject,  with 
authority,  by  Dr.  O.  H.  Perry  Pepper: 
"When  the  mass  of  information  and  of 
technic  grows  so,  large  that  it  can  no 
longer  be  included  in  the  general  knowl- 
edge of  the  practitioner;  then  it  is  al- 
lotted to  that  certain  group  who  willing- 
ly learn  this  at  the  cost  of  all  else".  In 
other  words,  greater  expertness  and 
more  profound  knowledge  in  the  division 
of  medicine  becomes  a  prerequisite. 

That  degree  of  special  knowledge  in 
this  branch  of  the  practice  of  medicine 
is  not  required  of  the  student  nurse  or 
the  graduate  nurse.  Every  nurse  must 
have  a  working  knowledge  of  the  malad- 
ies covered  by  the  subject  so  that  she 
may  competently  apply  her  acquired 
skill  in  the  nursing  care  of  the  patient. 
She  does  not  need  to  possess  even  a  con- 
densed pocket-book  edition  of  all  the 
data  of  an  ailment.  Unfortunately,  this 
is  what  most  textbooks  on  medical  nurs- 
ing set  out  to  give  her.  In  our  schools 
for  the  training  of  nurses,  the  aim  is 
to  give  the  pupil  a  comprehensive  un- 
derstanding of  the  principles  involved 
in  the  course  and  management  of  most 
diseases  commonly  met.  The  object 
is  to  introduce  the  student  to,  and 
familiarize  her  with,  the  main  illnesses 
and  help  her  understand  the  process  by 
reasoning  rather  than  by  implanting  an 
encyclopaedic  accumulation  of  informa- 
tion committed  to  memory. 

It  is  necessary  for  the  nurse  in  at- 


DECEMBER,  1942 


949 


950 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


tendance  to  understand  the  type  of  ail- 
ment for  which  the  patient  is  under 
treatment.  Otherwise  a  trained  at- 
tendant who  can  read  a  thermometer, 
count  the  pulse-rate,  serve  the  prescribed 
food  and  medicine  and  make  the  patient 
comfortable  is  quite  sufficient.  There 
is,  by  the  way,  an  increasing  demand 
for  this  t3'pe  of  service  and  provision  for 
it  will  evolve  in  our  scheme  of  things  to 
come.  But  the  trained  nurse  today  is 
being  prepared  to  act  as  a  collaborator 
in  the  management  of  the  sick  and  ailing. 
Amongst  other  things,  she  is  expected 
to  make  and  chart  her  observations.  She 
does  not  advise  or  make  recommenda- 
tions if  she  recognizes  her  limitations — 
and  proverbially,  if  she  knows  what  is 
good  for  her!  Her  knowledge  of  the 
patient's  progress  and  her  ability  to 
recognize  foreboding  signs  helps  greatly 
in  directing  the  future  course  and  the 
ultimate  outcome  of  the  illness. 

Nurses  specialize  by  post-graduate 
study  to  become  skilled  in  surgical  tech- 
nique, pediatrics,  obstetrical  practice, 
and  public  health  nursing.  Choosing  to 
specialize  and  the  choice  of  specialty  is 
a  matter  of  inclination,  aptitude,  and 
love  for  a  particular  field.  Sometimes, 
perhaps,  it  is  a  matter  of  the  line  of 
least  resistance.  The  former  motive 
is  the  only  one  enduring,  the  latter  is 
"stale  and  unprofitable".  It  is  re- 
grettable if  there  should  be  a  lack  of 
interest  on  the  part  of  any  recent 
graduates  in  the  "medical"  illnesses.  The 
sick  man  with  a  bad  heart,  the  lingering 
kidney  disease  of  a  child  with  scarlet 
fever,  and  the  exhausted  mother  who  is 
a  physical  wreck  are  to  some  not  at- 
tractive "cases".  To  watch  the  dram- 
atic recovery  from  shock  in  an  acute 
hemorrhage,    or    to    watch    the    return 


to  normal  of  unconsciousness  induced 
b)  the  administration  of  an  anaesthetic 
for  the  purpose  of  an  operation  is  more 
exciting. 

In  reality  the  acute  and  trying  lengthy 
illnesses  are  a  challenge  to  the  sound- 
ness of  one's  knowledge,  initiative,  re- 
sourcefulness, patience  and  endurance. 
If  the  nurse's  enthusiasm  is  lacking  and 
the  illness  seems  unattractive  it  may  be 
traced  to  a  lack  of  appreciation  of  the 
processes  at  play  in  the  battle  for 
health.  If  the  nurse  comprehends  the 
difficulties  encountered  in  the  diagnosis, 
the  obstacles  that  crop  up  in  treatment, 
the  threat  of  imminent  complications, 
the  uncertainties  about  recovery  and  if 
she  is  aware  of  the  disabilities  that  may 
follow,  there  is  enough  in  all  of  this 
to  keep  her  absorbed.  Omitting  this,  she 
cannot  even  be  an  enthusiastic  "fan"  and 
feelingly  cheer  the  winner. 

That  is  largely  the  answer  to  the 
question  why  so  much  time  is  spent  in 
teaching  the  nurse  "things  which  she 
does  not  use".  The  purpose  is  to  use 
this  knowledge  as  intended.  If  she 
fails  to  make  use  of  much  that  she  is 
taught  she  may  still  be  a  competent 
servant  but  she  is  not  an  intelligent 
helper.  A  thorough  knowledge  con- 
stantly employed  is  to  her  advantage. 
ft  is  her  only  source  of  inspiration  out- 
side of  her  charitable  deeds.  Other- 
wise boredom  and  monotony  overtake 
her.  She  must  persevere  or  she  will 
soon  look  for  the  spectacular  to  keep 
her  spirits  buoyed.  That  escape  is  only 
superficial  because  the  student  who 
choses  to  play  the  role  in  life  along 
the  side  of  the  sick  and  needy  enters 
the  profession  with  a  serious  frame  of 
mind.  For  a  less  exacting  occupation, 
there  are  other  equally  useful  pursuits. 


Vol.  38,  No.   12 


IN  THE  FIELD  OF   NUTRITION 

PARGRAN-V     PARGRAN-M 


(Squibb  Multivitamin  Perles) 


(Squibb  Calcium-Iron  Capsules) 


V 


E 


^^ 


SHADED   AIIEAS  SHOW 

riOPOITIONS   SUPrilED 

■Y    PADCIAN 


«IIIS 


^^^^ 


■\ 


vfOVERNMENT  authorities  estimate  that  the  chances  are 
three  to  one  against  the  average  family  getting  enough  of  the 
foods  that  are  needed  for  the  efficiency  and  stamina  upon  \\hich 
our  success  depends.  There  is  need  then,  for  a  balanced 
vitamin-mineral  supplement  for  use  where  food  sources  are 
inadequate. 

Based  on  the  new  trend  in  multivitamin  and  mineral  therapy, 
the  House  of  Squibb  provides  Pargran-V  and  Pargran-M — two 
products  which,  as  shown  on  the  chart — 

#  supply  in  proper  balance   the  vitamins   and   minerals  most  generally 
lacking  in  the  diet; 

#  embody  the  recommendations  of  the  Committee  on  Food  and  Nutrition 
of  the  National  Research  Council,  U.S.A.; 

%    afford  flexibility  of  dosage — supplying  vitamins  or  minerals  or  both — 
in  M>  \^2i  /^  or  the  full  recommended  daily  allowance; 

9    provide  the  advantages  of  convenience  and  economy. 

Write  tiour  for  complete  information  about  Pargran-V  and 
Pargran-M  and  for  the  new  authoritative  booklet,  "Practical 
Nutrition."     Address    36    Caledonia   Rd.,    Toronto,    Ontario. 


ERiSQJJIBB  SiSONS  OF  CANADA.  Ltd. 

MANUFACTURING     CHEMISTS     TO     THE     MEDICAL     PROFESSION     SINCE    1858 


DECEMBER,   1942 


951 


Victorian  Order  of  Nurses  for  Canada 


The  following  are  the  staff  appointments 
to,  transfers,  and  resignations  from  the 
Victorian  Order  of  Nurses  for  Canada: 

Miss  Jessie  M.  Beard,  a  graduate  of  the 
Guelph  General  Hospital  and  of  the  course 
in  public  health  nursing,  University  of  To- 
ronto, has  been  appointed  to  the  Toronto 
staff. 

Miss  Jean  Gilbert,  Miss  Dorothy  E. 
Speck,  and  Miss  Jessie  Wallace,  all  grad- 
uates of  the  Toronto  Western  Hospital  and 
of  the  course  in  public  health  nursing.  Uni- 
versity of  Toronto,  have  been  appointed  to 
the  Toronto  staff. 

Miss  Marion  E.  Scholfield,  a  graduate  of 
the  Hamilton  General  Hospital  and  of  the 
course  in  public  health  nursing,  University 
of  Toronto,  has  been  appointed  to  the  To- 
ronto staff. 

Miss  Jean  Maxwell,  a  graduate  of  the 
Ottawa  Civic  Hospital  and  of  the  course  in 
public  health  nursing,  University  of  To- 
ronto, has  been  appointed  to  the  Burnaby 
staff. 

Miss  Florence  Bell,  a  graduate  of  the  Vic- 
toria Hospital,  London,  and  of  the  course 
in  public  health  nursing,  University  of  Wes- 
tern Ontario,  has  been  appointed  to  the  East 
York  staff. 

Miss  Elizabeth  Lighthall,  a  graduate  of 
the  Vancouver  General  Hospital  and  of  the 
course  in  public  health  nursing,  University 
of  British  Columbia,  has  been  appointed  to 
the  Vancouver  staff. 

Miss  Helene  Decary,  a  graduate  of  the 
Sacred  Heart  Hospital,  Cartierville,  and  of 
the  course  in  public  health  nursing.  Univer- 
sity of  Montreal,  has  been  appointed  to  the 
Lachine   staff. 

Miss  Jean  McKenzie,  a  graduate  of  St. 
Joseph's  Training  School,  London,  has  been 
appointed  temporarily  to  the  London  staff. 

Miss  Bessie  Bailie,  a  graduate  of  the  Ot- 
tawa Civic  Hospital,  has  been  appointed 
temporarily  to  the  Kingston  staff. 

Miss  Audrey  McGivney,  a  graduate  of  St. 
Joseph's  Hospital,  Toronto,  and  of  the 
course  in  public  health  nursing.  University 
of  Toronto,  has  been  appointed  to  the  Kit- 
chener  sta  f  f . 


Mrs.  Coloinbe  Jutras,  a  graduate  of  St. 
Alary's  Hospital,  Timmins,  has  been  ap- 
pointed temporarily  to  the  Timmins  staff. 

Mrs.  D.  Harrison  (Dorothy  Cotton),  who 
resigned  from  the  Westbank  Branch  in 
March  1941,  has  been  re-admitted  to  the 
Order  and  has  been  appointed  nurse-in- 
charge  of  the  Saskatoon  Branch. 

Mrs.  Langler  (Edith  Richardson)  who 
resigned  in  August  1940  to  be  married,  has 
been  re-appointed  to  the  Timmins  staff. 

Miss  Jean  Myles,  previously  on  the  staff, 
has  been  appointed  nurse-in-charge  of  the 
Timmins  branch. 

Miss  Gladys  Hergett,  a  graduate  of  the 
Foramingham  Union  Hospital,  has  been  ap- 
pointed temporarily  to  the  Halifax  staff. 

Mrs.  Elliott  (Lucille  McAllister),  who 
resigned  this  February  to  be  married,  has 
been  re-appointed  nurse-in-charge  of  the 
Westbank  Branch. 

Miss  Eileen  Black  has  resigned  from  the 
Vancouver  staff. 

Miss  Grace  J.  Noble,  Miss  Agnes  O'Dris- 
coll,  and  Miss  Bessie  Harris  have  resigned 
from  the  Vancouver  staff  and  are  serving 
with    the    R.C.A.M.C.    Nursing    Service. 

Miss  Minnie  Sutherland  and  Miss  Laura 
IVheelband  have  resigned  from  the  Hamil- 
ton staff  and  are  serving  with  the  R.C.A. 
M.C.  Nursing  Service. 

Miss  Madeline  Smith  has  resigned  from 
the  Hamilton  Branch  to  take  a  post-graduate 
course  in  public  health  nursing. 

Miss  Frances  Pearl  and  Mrs.  M.  R.  Bea- 
vis  have  resigned  from  the  Montreal  staff 
to  do  other  work. 

Miss  Elsie  Cropper  has  resigned  from  the 
Border  Cities  staff  and  has  accepted  a  posi- 
tion as  school  nurse  in  London,  Ontario. 

Miss  Fern  Barker  has  resigned  as  nurse- 
in-charge  of  the  Stratford  branch  and  is 
serving  with  the  R.C.A.M.C.  Nursing  Ser- 
vice. 

Miss  Jean  Whiteford  has  resigned  as 
nurse-in-charge  of  the  Saskatoon  branch  and 
has  accepted  a  position  with  the  Air  Ob- 
server School  in  Winnipeg. 

Miss  Mary  E.  Roberts  has  resigned  from 
the  Toronto  staff  and  has  accepted  a  posi- 
tion with  the  Civil  Service. 


932 


Vol.  38,  No.   12 


953 


WANTED 

.  Applications  are  invited  from  registered  nurses  for  General  Duty  in 
a  Tuberculosis  Sanatorium  of  360  beds.  When  writing  please  state  previous 
experience,  age,  etc.  The  salary  offered  is  $75  a  month,  with  full  maintenance. 

'   Address  applications  to: 
Miss  M.  L.  Buchanan,  Superintendent  of  Nurses,  Royal  Edward  Laurentian 
Hospital  (Ste.  Agathe  Division),  Ste.  Agathe  des  Monts,  P.Q. 

(Formerly  —  The  Laurentian  Sanatorium) 


WANTED 

Applications  are  invited  from  Registered  Nurses  for  General  Duty  in  the 
Ottawa  Protestant  Children's  Hospital.  The  salary  is  $60  per  month,  with 
full  maintenance.  Apply  to: 

Ottawa  Protestant  Children's  Hospital,  635  Rideau  St.,  Ottawa,  Ont. 


WANTED 

Registered 
uary  1,  1943,  on 

Nurses   are   required   for   charge   and   general 
Medical  and  Surgical  Floors.  Apply  to: 

duty 

by 

Jan- 

General 

Hospital,   Cornwall,  Ontario. 

WANTED 

A  fully  qualified  Public  Health  Nurse  is  wanted  for  tuberculosis  follow- 
up  work  at  the  Sanatorium  in  Fort  William,  Ontario.  Duties  are  to  start 
on  January  1,  1943.  Further  information  may  be  obtained  on  application  to: 

Mrs.  F.  A.  Sibbald.  406  S.  Norah  St.,  Fort  William,  Ont. 


WANTED 

Applications  are  invited  for  the  position  of  Class  Room  Instructress  for 
a  100-bed  Hospital.  Apply,  giving  qualifications,  experience,  and  salary  ex- 
pected, to: 

The  Superintendent,  General  Hospital,  Dauphin,  Manitoba. 


WANTED 

A  Night  and  Day  Supervisor  is  required  at  once  for  a  60-bed  Maritime 
Hospital,  with  training  school. 

An  Instructor,  who  will  be  assistant  to  the  Superintendent,  is  also  re- 
quired. Duties  are  to  commence  on  January  1. 

State  training,  experience,  references,  age,  religion,  and  salary  expected, 
when  applying  in  care  of: 

Box  3,  The  Canadian  Nurse,  1411  Crescent  St.,  Montreal,  P.  Q. 


DECEMBER,  1942 


954 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


inHHlED 


«5?lg^' 


RECT  METHOD 
of  treating 

COLDS,   BRONCHITIS, 
WHOOPING    COUGH 


"direct,  repetitive  ac«on^^J%^^^^  ^^^  yapo- 
Crcsolcne   lamp   ^^'/  jgcongestive,    «»"«»'> 

?rrwUh*f  Inflamed  .^pir—V  ■»'"°" 

membrane.  .      .        cough  is  quickly 

?he  natural  result  "  J^^^J°J  cleared  and 
lubdued,  V-.«5*'fand"as'pine^are  reheved. 

throat  »/"^^„t'J's  Uterature,  Dept.  8. 

Write  for  nurses  ^^^^^^^ 


THE    VAPO-CRESOLENE   CO. 
62  Cortlondt  St.       New  York,  N.Y. 


WANTED 

A  Superintendent  is  wanted  for  a  small  hospital  in  New  Brunswick.  Appli- 
cants must  be  graduate  registered  nurses.  State  age,  experience,  and  salary 
expected  when  applying  to: 

Board  of  Trustees,  James  Hamet   Dunn  Hospital,  West  Bathurst,  N.  B. 


Miss  I'cra  Allen  has  resigned  from  the 
Toronto  staff  and  is  attending  the  United 
Church    Training    School    for    Deaconesses. 

Miss  Almcda  Hincks  has  resigned  from 
the  Toronto  staff. 

Miss  Lillian  Laivder  has  resigned  as 
nurse-in-charge  of  the  CobaU  branch  and 
has  accepted  a  position  with  the  Department 
of  Health  in  Fort  Francis. 

Miss  Helen  Waring  has  resigned  from  the 
A'ancouver  staff  and  is  serving  with  the 
R.C.A.F.    Xursing   Division. 

Miss  Phyllis  Branson  has  resigned  from 
the  Cornwall  staff  and  has  accepted  a  posi- 
tion with  the  Department  of  Public  Health, 
East  York. 

Miss  Florence  Greenazvay  has  resigned 
as  nurse-in-charge  of  the  Timmins  branch 
and  is  on  leave  of  absence  from  the  Order 
to  take  the  post-graduate  course  in  super- 
vision at  the  McGill  School  for  Graduate 
Nurses. 

Miss  Dorothy  King  has  resigned  from  the 
Kitchener  staff  and  is  on  leave  of  absence 
from  the  Order  to  take  a  post-graduate 
course  in  public  health  nursing. 

Miss  Helen  Ferguson  has  been  transferred 
as  nurse-in-charge  of  the  Yarmouth  branch 
to  take  charge  of  the  branch  in  North  Bay. 


Miss  Bessie  Seaman  has  been  transferred 
from  the  Montreal  staff  to  take  charge  of 
the  Moncton  branch. 

Miss  Dorothy  Blnhm  has  been  transferred 
as  nurse-in-charge  of  the  Smiths  Falls 
branch  to  the   Winnipeg  staff. 

Miss  Mary  Wade  has  been  transferred 
from  the  Victoria  staff  to  the  Vancouver 
staff. 

Miss  Ellen  Linton,  who  was  temporarily 
nurse-in-charge  of  the  Amherst  Branch,  has 
been  transferred  to  the  Smiths  Falls  branch 
as   nurse-in-charge. 

Miss  Marjorie  Scarr  has  been  transferred 
from  the  Fredericton  branch  to  be  nurse- 
in-charge  of  the   New   Glasgow  branch. 

Miss  Elizabeth  Ayhvard  has  been  trans- 
ferred from  the  Sudbury  branch  as  nurse- 
in-charge  to  take  charge  of  the  branch  in 
Campbellton. 

Miss  Frederica  Johanncson  has  been 
transferred  from  the  Ottawa  staff  to  the 
Winnipeg  staff. 

Miss  Arlie  Wright  has  been  transferred 
from  the  staff  in  Porcupine  to  the  Ottawa 
staff. 

Mrs.  Donalda  Gillett  has  been  transferred 
from  the  Woodstock  (Ontario)  staff  to  the 
Hamilton  staff. 


Vol.    38,  No.    12 


NEWS      NOTES 

ALBERTA 

Edmonton: 

University  of  Alberta  Hospital: 

At  the  opening  meeting  of  the  Alumnae 
Association  of  the  University  of  Alberta 
Hospital  the  following  officers  were  elected 
to  serve  during  the  coming  year:  President, 
Miss  A.  Whybrow;  vice-president,  Miss  b! 
Fane;  treasurer,  Miss  M.  Baxter;  corre- 
sponding secretary.  Mrs.  X.  E.  Alexander; 
recording  secretary.  Miss  D.  Russell;  social 
committee:  Miss  F.  Beddome  (convener), 
Miss  I.  Sloane,  Mrs.  X.  E.  Pound,  Miss  I 
Revel  1. 

Twenty-five  dollars  was  voted  towards 
sending  parcels  to  graduates  of  the  Univer- 
sity Hospital  who  are  on  active  service  in 
England  and  Africa.  Miss  I.  Sloane  is  the 
convener.  Miss  H.  McArthur  gave  a  report 
of  the  committee  in  charge  of  furnishing  a 
rest  room  for  the  graduates  at  the  Hospital. 
An  interesting  address  was  given  bv  Miss 
J.  Cogswell  on  her  visit  to  Montreal'  to  at- 
tend the  ex. A.  convention. 


BRITISH  COLUMBIA 
Victoria: 

The  Victoria  Chapter.  R.X'.A.B.C,  recent- 
ly conducted  a  refresher  course  for  in- 
active nurses.  The  teaching  facilities  of 
both  St.  Joseph's  and  the  Roval  Jubilee  Hos- 
pitals were  placed  at  the  disposal  of  the 
Chapter.  One  hundred  and  fifteen  enthusias- 
tic women  from  \'ictoria  and  other  centres 
on  Vancouver  Island  attended  the  thirtv- 
two  hour  course  of  lectures  and  demonstra- 
tions. The  topics  were  as  follows:  new 
drugs.  Miss  D.  Colquhoun;  nutrition.  Miss 
M.  Lawrence;  medicine  and  surgery.  Sister 
Mary  Claire;  pediatrics.  Miss  C.  Cockell  • 
obstetrics.  Miss  H.  Saunders;  demonstra- 
tions of  procedures  and  new  treatments. 
Sister  Mary  Claire,  Miss  E.  Xelson,  Miss 
B.  McKinnan.  Miss  L.  Anderson,  and  Miss 
J.  Dengler.  As  an  adjunct  to  the  course,  su- 
pervised hospital  experience  is  being  ar- 
ranged for  those  members  of  the  class  able 
to  avail  themselves  of  the  opportunity.  Six- 
t>-  nurses  have  signified  their  intention  to 
take  this  further  work.  Miss  M.  Dickson 
at  the  Royal  Jubilee  Hospital,  and  a  gra- 
duate of  St.  Joseph's  at  St.  Joseph's  Hospi- 
tal,  will  guide  the  activities  of  this  group. 


Vancouver: 

A.    general    meeting    of    the    Vancouver 
Chapter,   R.X.A.B.C.,   was   held  recently  at 

DECEMBER,   1942 


NBW  under -arm 

Cream  Deodorant 

safely 

Stops  Perspiration 


1.  Does  not  harm  dresses — does  not 
irritate  skin. 

2.  No  waiting  to  dry.  Can  be  used 
right  after  shaving. 

3.  Instantly  checks  perspiration  for  1 
to  3  days.  Removes  odor  from 
perspiration. 

4.  A  pure  white,  greaseless,  stainless 
vanishing  cream. 

5.  Arrid  has  been  awarded  the 
Approval  Seal  of  the  American 
Institute  of  Laundering,  for  being 
harmless  to  fabrics. 


Arrid  is  the  LARGEST 
SELLING  DEODOR- 
ANT. .  .Try  a  jar  today 
...  at  any  store  which 
sells  toilet  goods. 


ARRID 


39^ 


a  |ar 

AT  AU  STORES  WHICH  SELL  TOILET  GOODS 
(Also  in  15  cent  and  59  cent  jars) 


955 


956 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


McCILL 
UNIVERSITY 

School  for  Graduate  Nurses 

The     following     one-year     certificate 

courses     are     offered     to     graduate 

nurses : 

TEACHING  AND 

SUPERVISION    IN    SCHOOLS 

OF   NURSING 

PUBLIC    HEALTH    NURSING 

ADMINISTRATION  IN 

HOSPITALS    AND    SCHOOLS 

OF   NURSING 

ADMINISTRATION  AND 

SUPERVISION 

IN  PUBLIC  HEALTH 

NURSING 

Tor  information  apply  to: 

School    for    Graduate    Nurses 
McGill   University,  Montreal. 


ROYAL  VICTORIA  HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL  OF  NURSING 

MONTREAL 

Courses  for  Graduate  Nurses 

(1)  A  three-months  course  is  offered 
in  Obstetrical  Nursing.  (2)  A  two- 
months  course  is  offered  in  Gyne- 
cological Nursing,  For  further 
information  apply  to  Miss  Caroline 
Barrett,  R.N.,  Supervisor,  Women's 
Pavilion,  Royal  Victoria  Hospital. 


(3)  A  course  in  operating  room 
technique  and  management  is  of- 
fered to  nurses  with  graduate  ex- 
perience in  operating  room  work. 

(4)  Courses  are  also  offered  in 
medical  nursing;  surgical  nursing; 
nursing  in  diseases  of  the  eye,  ear, 
nose  and  throat;  nursing  in  uro- 
logy. For  further  information  apply 
to  Miss  F.  Munroe,  R.N.,  Superin- 
tendent of  Nurses,  Royal  Victoria 
Hospital. 


St.  Paul's  Hospital.  Miss  A.  E.  Jamieson, 
the  president,  was  in  the  chair,  and  50  mem- 
bers were  present.  Miss  F.  McQuarrie,  con- 
vener of  the  refresher  course  committee, 
gave  an  encouraging  report  of  the  interest 
being  taken  in  the  proposed  series  of 
lectures.  Miss  M.  Gray  gave  a  report  on  A. 
R.P.  work  and  encouraged  private  duty 
nurses  to  volunteer  for  duty  in  the  posts. 
Most  interesting  reports  were  given  by  Miss 
M.  Duffield  and  Miss  L.  Creelman  of  the 
General  Meeting  of  the  C.N. A.  held  in 
Montreal.  Miss  Duffield  gave  the  high- 
lights of  the  General  Nursing  Section  and 
Miss  Creelman  gave  a  resume  of  the  Pub- 
lic Health  Section,  followed  by  coloured 
slides  showing  the  Jeanne  Mance  uniform 
worn  by  the  Alumnae  Association  ^f  the 
Hotel-Dieu  on   special   occasions. 

Okanagan  District: 

The  following  officers  were  elected  at  the 
first  district  meeting  of  the  Okanagan  Dis- 
trict :  president.  Miss  E.  S.  McVicar,  Ver- 
non ;  vice-president,  Mrs.  L.  Bennison,  Re- 
velstoke ;  secretary.  Miss  E.  L.  Williamson, 
Vernon ;  treasurer.  Miss  K.  Dumont.  Tran- 
quille ;  conveners  of  sections :  Public  Health, 
Mrs.  Martin,  Vernon;  General  Nursing, 
Miss  M.  Erlandson,  Vernon ;  Hospital  and 
School  of  Nursing,  Miss  E.  Davis,  Kam- 
loops. 


NOVA  SCOTIA 

Kentville: 

A  regular  meeting  of  the  Valley  Branch, 
R.N.A.N.S.  was  held  recently  at  the  Nova 
Scotia  Sanitorium,  with  Mrs.  Paul  Webster 
presiding.  An  interesting  talk  was  given  by 
Dr.  Eagles  on  statistics  on  maternal  mor- 
tality from  a  recent  survey. 

Married:  Recently,  Aliss  Thelma  E.  Beck 
(C.M.H.,    1941)    to   Mr.   Charles    Sangster. 


ONTARIO 


Editor's  Note:  District  officers  of  the 
Registered  Nurses  Association  may  obtain 
information  regarding  the  publication  of 
news  items  by  writing  to  the  Provincial  Con- 
vener of  Publications,  Aliss  Irene  Weirs.  135 
St.  Clair  Ave.  W.,  Toronto. 

District  1 

London: 

The  Fall  meeting  of  District  1,  R.N.A.O., 
was  held  recently  at  the  Victoria  Hospital, 


Vol.   38,  No.   12 


NEWS    NOTES 


95: 


London.  The  executive  committee  met  in  the 
morning  with  Mrs.  C.  I.  Salmon  presiding, 
after  which  a  dehghtful  luncheon  was 
served  by  Miss  Hilda  Stuart,  superintendent 
of  nurses,  and  her  staff.  The  general  meet- 
ing opened  with  the  singing  of  "O  Canada", 
followed  by  the  Lord's  Prayer.  The  reports 
of  the  Sections  were  very  interesting,  es- 
pecially that  of  General  Nursing,  given  by 
Miss  Helen  O'Mahoney.  A  copy  of  this  re- 
port was  sent  to  all  Alumnae  Associations 
in  the  District. 

Miss  Mildred  Walker,  president  of  the 
R.X.A.O..  spoke  of  the  contingency  fund 
being  established  by  the  provincial  body, 
quoting  the  need  and  the  uses  that  it  would 
be  applied  to.  Mrs.  C.  L  Salmon  reported 
on  the  General  Meeting  of  the  C.N. A.  held 
in  Montreal.  Dr.  Christian  Sivertz,  of  the 
University  of  Western  Ontario,  was  heard 
in  a  most  interesting  address  on  the  signi- 
ficance of,  science  in  the  present  world 
struggle.  Following  the  afternoon  session, 
the  Victoria  Hospital  Alumnae  Association 
entertained  the  delegates  at  a  wartime  tea. 

Miss  Priscilla  Campbell,  superintendent  of 
the  Public  General  Hospital,  Chatham,  and 
Rev.  Mother  Maitre.  superintendent  of  Hotel 
Dieu  Hospital,  Windsor,  have  been  awarded 
membership  to  the  American  College  of 
Hospital  Administration. 


Districts  2  and  3 

Brantford: 

The  nurses  of  Districts  2  and  3,  R.N.A.O.. 
held  their  annual  meeting  at  the  Brantford 
General  Hospital,  on  October  20,  with  85 
nurses  present.  Greetings  were  brought  b>- 
Mayor  Ryan  and  Dr.  Rudolph,  president  of 
the  Brant  County  Medical  Association. 

Dr.  E.  Harris  gave  a  very  informative 
lecture  on  surgical  shock,  discussing  the 
liberation  of  potassium  into  the  blood  stream 
and  the  resulting  conditions,  the  loss  of 
blood  protein  in  the  oozing  of  serum  from 
burns   and   many   more   interesting   points. 

Industrial  nurses  are  playing  such  an  im- 
portant part  in  Kitchener- Waterloo  that  the\- 
have  organized  as  a  group  under  the  Public 
Health  Section,  meeting  once  a  month  in 
the  different  "hospitals"  of  the  factories. 
where  they  discuss  their  common  problems. 

The  following  officers  were  elected  for 
the  coming  year :  chairman,  Mrs.  K.  Cowie, 
Freeport ;  first  vice-chairman.  Miss  L.  Trus- 
dale.  Simcoe ;  second  vice-chairman,  Miss  M. 
Hackett.  Ayr;  secretary-treasurer.  Miss  H. 
Muir.  Brantford;  convenors:  General  Nurs- 
ing Section,  Miss  M.  McKenzie ;  Public 
Health  Section,  Miss  M.  Thom;  Hospital 
and  School  of  Nursing  Section,  Miss  M. 
Watson. 

Public  health  nurses  held  their  semi-an- 
nual  supper  meeting  at  the   Iroquois   Hotel, 

DECEMBER,   1942 


"RICH  MAN  —  POOR  MAN" 


CONSTIPATION    —    HYPERACIDITY 
A   UNIVERSAL   COMPLAINT 

For  over  60  years  Phillips'  Milk  of  Mag- 
nesia has  been  standard  therapy  for  laxa- 
tive-antacid medication. 
As  a  laxative,  it  is  gentle  and  thorough. 
No  griping  or  irritation. 
As  antacid  medication,  it  is  three  times 
as  effective  as  a  saturated  solution  of 
sodium  bicarbonate. 

No  carbonates  liberated  —  no  CO2  bloat- 
ing. 
In  two  palatable  dosage  forms: 

PHILLIPS'  MILK   OF   MAGNESIA 
(Liquid) 

As  an  antacid:  2  to  4  teaspoonfuls 

As  a  gentle  laxative:  4  to  8  teaspoonfuls 

PHILLIPS'  MILK   OF  MAGNESIA 
TABLETS 

As  an  antacid:  2  to  4  tablets 

We  will  send  you  a  professional  package  on  request. 


Phillips' 

Milk  of  Magnesia 

Prepared  only   by 


THE  CHAS.  H.  PHILLIPS  CHEMICAL  CO. 

Windsor.  Ontario 


958 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


ULCER^e^^ 


Alo44A4fuulle4ftc^ie.fuUcUaUe> 
wdk  RENNET-CUSTARDS 

#  Beginning  the  tenth  day  of  the 
Sippy  diet,  many  doctors  add 
rennet-custards  made  with 
"JUNKET"  RENNET  TABLETS 
to  the  list  of  permissible  foods.  The 
rennet  enzyme  makes  them  more 
readily  digestible  than  plain  milk, 
and  they  form  softer,  finer  curds. 

'  "  t  fc  ...  Ask  on  your  letterhead  for 
our  new  book  "Dietary  Uses  of  Rennet- 
Custards",  and  for  samples  of  "Junket" 
Food  Products. 

"THE  'JUNKET'  FOLKS" 

Chr.  Hansen's  Laboratory^  Toronto,  Ont. 


^UNKET^: 

RENNET  TABLETS 


#.0 


mimi  miHrfuifM? 

Be  identified  by  Cash's  special  style  D-54 
woven  name  on  wider  tape,  on  your  sleeve 
or  pocket.  Special  price  to  hospitals  —  $1 
for  minimum  order  of  1  doz.  Reduction 
for  quantities  of  three  dozen  and  over. 

CASH'S.    232    Grier   St.,    Belleville,    Ont. 


-HflnG€R 

Limb  Company 


Inventors      and 
of    the    famous 


manufacturers 


Hip  Control  Limb 

Endorsed  by  Surgeons,  Govern- 
ments, Industries,  Offices  the 
World    Over. 


Principal   Canadian    Offices 

Toronto:  85  King  St.  W. 

Montreal:     1409     Crescent    St. 

LA.    9810 


Gait,  with  an  attendance  of  33.  A  demons- 
tration of  the  Kenny  method  of  treating  po- 
HomyeHtis  was  given  by  Miss  M.  Black- 
wood of  the  Hamilton  General  Hospital.  Ten 
of  the  members  of  the  staff  of  the  Gait 
Hospital  and  the  Alumnae  Association 
availed  themselves  of  the  invitation  to  at- 
tend   the   demonstration. 


District  5 


Toronto : 

District  5.  K.X.A.O..  recently  held  a 
meeting  which  taxed  the  capacity  of  the 
large  assembly  hall  of  St.  Michael's  Hos- 
pital. More  than  250  persons  were  present. 
The  afternoon  session  was  given  over  to 
business  and  reports  were  received  from 
all  committees  and  the  outlying  Chapters  of 
Barrie   and    Oshawa. 

From  six  to  eight  o'clock  the  meeting 
broke  up  into  small  parties  and  made  their 
own  plans  for  supper.  One  group  was  ob- 
served eating  a  Chinese  meal  with  chop- 
sticks and  a  Chinese  interne  and  a  nurse 
who  has  spent  some  time  in  China  were 
trying  to  perfect  the  technique  of  the  group. 
We  all  came  back  refreshed  and  looking 
forward  to  an  interesting  evening. 

Miss  Stella  Sewell  as  "Quiz  Master"  had 
arranged  a  group  of  nursing  experts  to 
answer  questions  designed  to  clarify  the 
multiplicity  of  nursing  endeavours  and  to 
fit  all  these  into  the  program  of  the  R.N. A. 
O.  When  we  mention  the  names  of  these 
experts  you  will  realize  that  they  are  some 
of  the  nurses  who  are  shaping  the  history 
of  nursing  during  this  present  crisis.  Among 
them  were  Miss  Edna  Moore,  in  her  capa- 
city of  nurse  consultant  to  the  C.D.C.  for 
Ontario;  Miss  Elsie  Hickey,  chief  nurse 
warden  for  Toronto;  Miss  Madalene  Baker 
of  London,  registry  organiser;  Miss  Jean 
Mitchell,  convener  of  the  emergency  nurs- 
ing registration;  Mrs.  A.  J.  Bromley  of  the 
St.  John  Ambulance  Corps,  and  Miss  A.  M. 
Munn,  inspector  of  training  schools  for  the 
province. 

The  speakers  were  Miss  Elvira  Manning, 
representing  the  Red  Cross,  on  the  blood 
donors  clinic  and  registration  of  nurses  for 
war  and  disaster ;  Miss  Margaret  Dulmage 
on  the  refresher  course  now  in  progress  for 
married  and  retired  nurses ;  Mrs.  George 
Hannah  of  the  Red  Cross  on  the  nursing 
reserve;  Mrs.  Maria  Martin  on  the  train- 
ing of  nurses'  aids;  Miss  Matilda  Fitzge- 
rald, provincial  secretary-treasurer  of  the 
R.N.-'K.O.,  on  financial  assistance,  further 
education  in  nursing  and  the  part  of  this 
organization  in  calling  nurses  for  military 
service.  Miss  Moore,  in  summing  up,  stated 
that  members  of  this  organization  are  part 
of  the  International  Council  of  Nurses  and 
it  is  a  privilege  and  duty  in  Canada  to  keep 

Vol.   38,  No.    12 


NEWS    NOTES 


959 


the  lamps  of  learning  burning  for  those 
countries  where  organized  nursing  activi- 
ties are  not  functioning.  Dr.  Frank  Scott 
made  a  very  strong  appeal,  as  guest  speaker, 
for  the  third  Victory  Loan.  Miss  Kathleen 
McNamara,  chairman  of  the  District,  gave 
a  splendid  report  of  the  General  Meeting  of 
the   C.N. A.   in   Montreal. 


Toronto  Western  Hosfital: 

A  regular  meeting  of  the  Toronto  West- 
ern Hospital  Alumnae  Association  was  held 
recently  with  the  president,  Mrs.  Douglas 
Chant,  in  the  chair,  and  a  fairly  large  num- 
ber of  members  in  attendance.  Mrs.  Chant 
gave  an  interesting  report  of  the  C.N. A. 
Biennial  Convention  held  in  Montreal.  Dr. 
Robert  Laird,  F.R.C.S.,  of  the  University 
of  Toronto,  spoke  on  the  modern  develop- 
ments in  surgery,  giving  the  modern  surgical 
treatment  for  fracture  of  the  neck  of  the 
femur,  ankylosed  hip,  sciatica,  and  chest 
surgery. 


District  6 
Belleville: 

The  Dr.  Emma  Connor  Memorial  Child- 
ren's Ward  has  recently  formally  presented 
to  the  Women's  Christian  Association  and 
the  Belleville  General  Hospital  by  the  Alum- 
nae Association.  This  is  a  memorial  to  per- 
petuate in  the  minds  of  the  citizens  of  Belle- 
ville the  memory  of  one  whose  life  was  de- 
voted to  the  care  of  others,  especially  little 
children.  The  members  of  the  Alumnae  As- 
sociation have  been  zealously  working  over 
a  period  of  years  to  raise  funds  for  this  en- 
terprise and,  in  the  completion  of  the  fur- 
nishings and  equipment  of  the  ward,  they 
have  achieved  a  memorial  worthy  of  one  so 
honoured.  Those  attending  were  officers  and 
members  of  the  Alumnae  Association,  in- 
cluding the  president,  Mrs.  Howie,  and  the 
past  president,  Nursing  Sister  Rita  Fitz- 
gerald. Kingston ;  Dr.  James  Semple,  who 
officiated  at  the  dedication ;  Mrs.  W.  C. 
Mickel  and  Mrs.  J.  R.  Abrams,  representing 
the  Women's  Christian  Association ;  Mr. 
Mackenzie  Robertson,  chairman  of  the 
Board  of  Governors ;  Mr.  Gordon  Barclay, 
acting  administrator  of  the  Hospital ;  Dr. 
A.  C.  Locke,  president  of  the  Hospital  Me- 
dical Board.  Honoured  guests  were  Mrs.  W. 
Northcott.  Mr.  Northcott,  Miss  Dorothy 
Connor,  Mr.  William  Connor,  Miss  Grace 
Connor  and  Miss  Ina  McCaulev. 


DlSFRICT  7 


Brock  ville: 

Recent  enlistments  in  the  Nursing  Service 
DECEMBER,   1942 


&en  ^oun^sle/v  laie  it  //appilu 


*  For  the  prevention  of  dental  caries 

*  To     maintain    calcium     balance 

Many  adults,  and  most  children,  find  cod  liver  oil 
unpalatable  —  even  causing  gastric  disturbance 
and  unpleasant  regrurgitation.  For  these  reasons 
they  are  hard  to  persuade  to  take  needed  doses 
to  prevent  dental  caries  and  maintain  calcium 
balance. 

Ostogen-A  gives  the  full  therapeutic  value  of 
cod  liver  oil  without  any  unpleasant  taste,  odour, 
or  after  effects. 

Each  drop  supplies  5o0  Vitamin  D  Units  and  1000 
Vitamin  A  Units.  The  dose  is  two  drops  daily, 
from  precision  dropper.  If  prescribed  in  the  lar- 
ger size,  the  cost  is  but  one  cent  per  day. 

Modes    of   Issue: 

6    c.c.   bottles    $1.00  15    c.c.   bottles    $2.00 

(78    days    supply)  (195    days    supply) 

Where    Vitamin    A    is    not    essential: 

OSTOGEN 

may  be  prescribed  in  doses  of  from  one  to  six 
drops  daily  from  precision  dropper.  Each  drop  con- 
tains   1000    Vitamin    D    Units. 

Modes    of    Issue:    6    c.c.   and    15    c.c.    bottles 


^^tOi^dt 


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The    Canadian    Mark    of    Quality 
Pharmaceuticals    Since     1899 


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960 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


PSYCHIATRIC  NURSING 
TECHNIC 

By   A.   E.   Bennett   and   Avis   B.   Purdy. 

The  first  book  to  deal  specifically  with 
the  clearly  defined  technics  established 
through  the  development  of  modern 
jisychiatric   medicine.    $2.50. 

LESSON    GUIDE    AND 

TESTS  IN  PSYCHIATRIC 

NURSING 

By  Evelyn  P.  Ferg:uson.  For  the  in- 
structor's use.  This  includes  orientation, 
mid-term,  therapeutic  approach  and 
final    examinations.    $1.60. 

OBSTETRIC   MANAGEMENT 
AND  NURSING 

By  Henry  L.  Woodward  and  Bernice 
Gardner.  A  clear,  logical  and  interest- 
ing discussion  of  obstetric  management 
and  nui-sing  care.  Includes  a  section  on 
all  the  vitamins,  new  material  on 
nursing  care,  new  sections  on  sulfan- 
ilimide  in  infections,  hemorrhagic  di- 
sease and  anemias  of  the  newborn. 
$4.40. 

THE  RYERSON   PRESS 

TORONTO 


DOCTORS'  and  NURSES' 
DIRECTORY 

212  Balmoral  St.,  Winnipeg 

A  Directory  for: 

Doctors,  and  Registered  Nurses 

Victorian  Order  of  Nurses 

(night  calls,  Sundays,  and  hcnidays 

ONLY) 

Practical  Nurses 

Twenty-four  hour  service. 

P.  Brownkll,  Rbo.    N.,    Rexsistrab 


VENOUS    DECONGESTIVE 
NERVE   SEDATIVE 


lohavine 


Drops  for  internal  treatment  of 

Varicose  Veins  —  Phlebitis 
Hemorrhoids  —  Flushing 
Troubles     of     the     Menopause 

EFFECTIVE  ■  HARMLESS  -  ECONOMICAL 

ROUGIER    FRERES 

350   Le   Moyne   St.,  MontreaL 


of  the  R.C.A.M.C.  include  the  following 
graduates  of  the  Brockville  General  Hos- 
pital :  Viola  Allan,  Isobel  Beveridge,  Doris 
Warren,  Feme  Kennedy,  Helen  McLean, 
Betty  Rothwell,  Xora  Ormerod,  and  Do- 
rothy Shaver. 

A  very  successful  dance  was  held  recently 
and  the  proceeds  in  part  were  given  to  the 
Blood  Donor  Clinic  of  the  Brockville  Red 
Cross  for  the  purchase  of  chairs  in  the 
rest  room  of  the  clinic. 

Miss  Laura  Logan  (1933)  is  taking  a 
course  in  x-ray  work  in  Montreal  and  Miss 
Laura  Johnson  (1938)  is  taking  a  course  in 
teaching  at  the  School  of  Nursing  of  the 
University   of   Toronto. 

The  following  marriages  have  recently 
taken  place:  Evelvn  Vickers  (1938)  to  Sgt. 
Everett  Snider;  'Isabel  Miller  (1942)  to 
Donald  Ball;  Helen  Tavlor  (1942)  to  Sgt. 
Stanley  Leslie;  Doris  6'Malley  (1942)  to 
Cpl.  Gordon  Lunman;  Phyllis  Race  (1937) 
to  Earle  Saunders;  Xora  Louch  (1938)  to 
Lieut.  Edward  Ravmond  Sutton,  R.C.A ;  Ju- 
lia Cranston  (1937)  to  Rflm.  Wesley  Le- 
wis; Florence  Southin  (1935)  to  Fred 
Blackwell ;  Vera  Davis  (1936)  to  Clarence 
Babcock;  Madeline  Donald  (1926)  to  Ho- 
ward   Bishop. 


District  8 


Ottawa  Civic  Hospital: 

The  following  nurses  have  been  appointed 
to  the  Nursing  Service  of  the  R.C.A.M.C. ; 
Reta  Seely.  Margaret  McDiarmid,  Helen 
King.  Violet  Shea,  Kathleen  Hitching,  Elsie 
Dunnett,  Helen  Rath.  The  following  nurses 
have  been  appointed  to  the  Nursing  Service 
of  the  Royal  Canadian  Navy  :  Orlo  B.  Mac- 
hines, Hilda  Smith,  Grace  White,  Beryl  Col- 
lins, Mabel  Lightfoot.  Miss  Eileen  .Arm- 
strong has  been  appointed  to  the  Nursing 
Service   of  the   RC.A.F. 

Miss  Bessie  Jackson  has  been  appointed 
as  public  health  instructor  in  the  Ottawa  Ci- 
vic Hospital  and  Mrs.  Parsons  (Alma  Lind- 
say) has  returned  to  the  staff  as  ward  su- 
pervisor. Mrs.  Marylka  Paetzel,  Miss  Eliza- 
beth Eraser.  Miss  Dorothy  Fraser,  and  Mrs. 
Miles  (Madeline  Swanton)  have  also  been 
appointed  to  the  staff. 

Mary  Sprott  is  giving  anaesthetics  in 
Watertown.  N.Y.  Vivian  Kerr  is  doing  pri- 
vate duty  in  Watertown,  N.Y.  Joyce  Mor- 
rison is  doing  general  duty  in  the  Toronto 
Western  Hospital.  Bessie  Bailey  is  on  the 
V.O.N,  staff  at  Kingston.  Marjorie  Wiber 
is  doing  general  duty  at  the  \'aiicouver 
General  Hospital.  Jean  Ma.xwell  is  on  the 
staff  of  the  V.O.N,  in  Burnaby.  B.C.  Mrs. 
Moulder  (nee  Cook,  1940)  is  on  general  du- 
ty at  the  Vancouver  General  Hospital.  Mil- 
dred   Brown     (1942)     is    taking    the    public 

Vol.    38.  No.   12 


NEWS    NOTES 


961 


health  course  at  the  School  of  Nursing,  Uni- 
versity of  Toronto. 

The  following  marriages  have  recently 
taken  place :  Kathleen  Armstrong  to  James 
Graham ;  Elizabeth  Penny  to  Arthur  G. 
Downing ;  Joyce  Stevens  to  Garnet  Mc- 
Elroy;  Jean  Cameron  to  C.  E.  A.  McNeill; 
Constance  Wilcox  to  Richard  Turley ;  Mary 
Steen  to  Dr.  Don  Caldwell ;  Marjory  Frausel 
to  Willard  Menard ;  Lilli  McEwan  to  D.  W. 
Munro ;  Mona  Ashton  to  Bert  Patterson ; 
Lois  Kerslake  to  VV.  C.  Hodgson ;  Laura 
Touzel  to  Dr.  John  Patton ;  Ethel  Campbell 
to  Gordon  Moffatt;  Leah  Seigal  to  Mr. 
Mandel ;  Mary  Egan  to  Dr.  Grant  Brecken- 
ridge;  Myrtle  Phillpot  to  Mr.  Rehfus;  Bea- 
trice   McCaul    to    Carson    MacDonald. 


QUEBEC 


Montreal  ; 

Montreal  General  Hosfital: 

Miss  Allison  Eraser  (1942)  and  Miss  E. 
Williams  (1941)  have  been  accepted  as 
Nursing  Sisters  with  the  American  Navy. 
Miss  Doretta  Reid  (1940)  has  been  ac- 
cepted as  a  Nursing  Sister  with  the  Royal 
Canadian  Navy.  Miss  J.  Pugh  and  Miss  E. 
V.  Dixon  (1942)  have  accepted  positions 
on  the  staff  of  the  Central  Division.  Miss 
Frances  Sweezey,  Miss  M.  B.  Sweltzer  and 
Miss  R.  Blackstock  (1942)  are  on  the  staff 
of  the  Arvida  Hospital.  Miss  M.  E.  F. 
Clunie  (1939)  has  resigned  from  the  staff 
of  the  Arvida  Hospital.  Miss  Vivian  Crouse 
(1942)  is  taking  a  post-graduate  course  at 
the  Alexandra  Hospital,  and  Miss  M.  C. 
Wallace  (1939)  has  accepted  a  position  on 
the  staff  of  that  hospital.  Miss  Elsie 
Schroeder  (1942)  has  been  appointed  to  the 
staff  of  the  metabolism  department  of  the 
Western  Division.  Miss  M.  E.  Morrison 
(1942)  has  accepted  a  position  on  the  staff 
of  the  Shawinigan  Falls  Hospital.  Miss  O. 
B.  Johnson,  Miss  L  Johnston,  Miss  K.  Hay- 
ward  and  Miss  Hilda  McLeod  are  doing 
floor  duty  at  the  Western  Division.  Miss 
Margaret  Browne  (1940)  has  resigned  from 
the  nursing  staff  of  the  Central  Division 
and  is  engaged  in  the  physiotherapy  depart- 
ment. Miss  Margaret  McDonald  (1939) 
and  Miss  Frances  Fraser  (1941)  are  taking 
a  post-graduate  course  in  obstetr'cs  at  the 
Lying  in  Hospital,  Chicago.  Miss  O.  C 
Montgomery  (1940)  has  resigned  from  the 
staff  of  the  Central  Division.  Miss  Hilaire 
Little  (1940)  has  been  appointed  Nursing 
Sister  with  the  R.C.A.M.C.  Miss  Elizabeth 
Ross  (1939)  has  been  appointed  as  Nursing 
Sister  with  the  Royal  Canadian  Nav}-  and 
is  attached  to  the  .Allied  Seaman's  Hospi- 
tal.   Newfoundland. 

The  sympathy  of  the  Alumnae  Associa- 
tion is  extended  to  Mrs.  J.  F.  Carr  (Eardley 
Wilmont,    1938)    on   the   death   of   her   hus- 


he  numan 
body  should  be  capable  of 
withstanding  stresses  far 
greater  than  it  is  called  on 
to  meet  in  everyday  hving. 
Vitamins  are  essential.  Or- 
dinary diets  usually  fail  to 
provide  more  than  the  mini- 
mal required  amount  of 
vitamins.  Sometimes  they 
even  fail  to  supply  the  mini- 
mum. (^  Young  and  old  can 
be  assured  of  an  adequate 
vitamin  factor  of  safety  by 
daily  Vi-Penta  medication. 
Samples  on  request. 


HOFFMANN-LA    ROCHE    LIMITED 

MONTREAL  TORONTO 


DECEMBER.    1942 


962 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


DELEE   AND   CARMON'S 
OBSTETRICS   FOR   NURSES 

Year  after  year,  edition  after  edition, 
DeLee's  "Obstetrics  for  Nurses"  continues 
to  be  the  leading  nursing  text  in  its  field. 
From  the  opening  chapter  on  through  to 
the  very  last  page,  there  is  a  clarity  of 
expression,  an  orderliness  of  presentation 
and  a  specific  regard  for  essentials  that 
makes  plain,  down  to  the  smallest  detail, 
exactly  those  things  that  the  student  must 
thoroughly  understand  to  carry  out  her 
duties  with  the  patient,  the  newborn  baby 
and  as  an  assistant  to  the  obstetrician. 
651  pages,  292  illustrations.  Cloth,  $3.50. 
(An  Outline  for  Teaching  Obstetrics  to 
Nurses   sent   free   to   Teachers   on    request.) 

McAinsh  &  Co.  Limited 

Dealers   in    Good   Books    Since    1885 
388   Yonge  St.  Toronto 


The  American  Hospital  Bureau 

1825  Empire  State  Building 
New  York  City 


Offers  to  Hospitals  in  Canada  and  th« 
United  States  a  professional  placement 
service  for  Hospital  and  Nnrsinr  School 
Administrators,  Instructors,  Supervisors, 
Anaesthetists,  Dietitians,  Technicians,  and 
General  Duty  Nurses.  All  credentials  per- 
sonally   verified. 


C.  M.  Powell,  R.  N.,  Director 


THE  CENTRAL 

REGISTRY  OF  GRADUATE 

NURSES,  TORONTO 

Furnish  Nurses 

at     any    hour 

DAY  or  NIGHT  , 

TELEPHONE  Kingsdale  2136 

Physicians'      and      Surgeons'      BIdg., 

86    Bloor    Street,    West,    TORONTO 

HELEN  CARRUTHERS,  Reg.  N. 


ssSJ^* 


Clear  Head  &  Nose 

with  Mentholatum. 
It  quickly  relieves 
the  worst  head 
cold  and  helps  to 
clear  sniffling, 
stuffy  nostrils. 
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D2 


MENTHOLATUM 

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band.   Leading  Aircraftman  J.   F.   Carr,   R. 
C.A.F. 

The  following  marriages  have  recently 
taken  place:  A.  B.  Craig  (1939)  to  Robert 
Harvey;  A.  H.  Seivewright  (1940)  to  John 
Miller;  Marion  Scott  (1939)  to  Mr.  Dun- 
lop. 

Royal  Victoria  Hosfital: 

The  residence  of  the  late  Mr.  Charles  Afe- 
redith  has  been  given  to  the  Hospital  and 
is  being  converted  into  a  nurses  home  for 
graduates. 

Word  has  been  received  of  the  safe  ar- 
rival in  England  of  Nursing  Sisters  Ber- 
nice  Bigley,  Isabel  Dickson,  and  Janet  Led- 
ingham.  Nursing  Sister  Lilla  Wright  is 
with  the  Canadian  Naval  Hospital  in  Scot- 
land. 

Miss  Elizabeth  Eraser  has  returned  to 
the  V.O.N,  after  taking  the  public  health 
nursing  course  at  the  McGill  School  for 
Graduate  Nurses.  Mrs.  Kahr  (Patricia 
Byrnes)  is  on  the  staff  of  the  Metropolitan 
Nursing  Service  in  Vancouver.  Miss  Eliza- 
beth Lyster  is  with  the  V.O.N,  in  Dundas, 
Ontario.  Miss  Electa  MacLennan  has  been 
appointed  V.O.N,  supervisor  of  the  Mari- 
time Provinces.  Miss  Mary  Russell  has  been 
appointed  head  nurse  on  the  third  floor  of  the 
Ross  Pavilion,  and  Miss  Margaret  Darling 
has  joined  the  staff  of  the  out-door  depart- 
ment. 

The  following  marriages  have  recently 
taken  place:  Marjorie  Gruer  (1938)  to  Fly- 
ing Officer  Fred  Battison;  Marjorie  Fan- 
jov  (1941)  to  Dr.  William  Hewson;  Mu- 
riel  Kelly    (1941)    to   Duane   Barr. 


McGill  School  for  Graduate  Nurses: 
Recent  visitors  to  the  School  included  Mrs. 

M.   Keir   MacGougan    (Margaret  E.   Dixon, 

T.  &  S.,  1940),  Isobel  M.  Cation   (T.  &  S. 

1939),  and  Ray  McKenzie    (P.H.N.,   1942). 
Married :   Recently,  Alargaret  G.   Scarratt 

(T.  &  S.,  1941)  to  Dr.  James  Addison  Mc- 

Coubrey. 

Quebec  City: 

Jeff  cry  Hale*s  Hosfital: 

The  first  business  meeting  of  the  Fall  of 
the  Alumnae  Association  of  Jeffery  Hale's 
Hospital  was  held  recently.  A  resume  of  the 
highlights  of  the  C.N. A.  Convention  held  in 
Montreal  was  given  by  Miss  Fischer.  All 
members  had  the  pleasure  of  looking  at  an 
interesting  scrapbook  which  Miss  Fischer 
had  made  of  items  collected  at  the  Con- 
vention. 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Alumnae  As- 
sociation it  was  reported  that  we  had 
collected  $380  for  the  British  Nurses  Re- 
lief Fund,  and  that  $75  of  this  amount  had 


Vol.  38,  No.   12 


NEWS    NOTES 


963 


already  been  sent  to  England.  Christmas 
parcels  have  been  sent  to  our  twelve  nurses 
who  are  serving  overseas. 

The  members  of  the  Alumnae  Associa- 
tion were  recently  given  an  interesting  lec- 
ture by  Dr.  Memorian  Sheehy,  former  rec- 
tor of  St.  Joseph  College,  University  of 
Alberta,  and  professor  of  English  in  the 
De  la  Salle  Institute  of  Foreign  Languages, 
Sendai  Second  High  School  and  Fukusima 
High  Commercial  School.  Dr.  Sheehy  has 
recently   returned    from   Japan. 

Miss  Stella  Reid  and  Miss  Shirley  Ro- 
berts (1941)  are  doing  general  duty  work 
on  the  staff  of  the  Alice  Hyde  Hospital, 
Malone,    N.Y. 


Representative  Women 

Some  time  ago,  the  General  Federation  of 
Women's  Clubs  in  the  United  States  asked 
the  Women's  Committee  on  International 
Relations  to  prepare  a  list  of  representative 
women  in  Canada.  With  the  co-operation  of 
the  editors  of  the  women's  pages  in  news- 
papers, throughout  the  Dominion,  twenty- 
three  names  were  selected.  These  women  are 
active  in  many  fields,  including  education, 
politics,  journalism,  authorship,  social  ser- 
vice, and  even  the  designing  of  airplanes. 
But  the  name  that  leads  all  the  rest  is  that 
of  a  nurse — Lt.  Col.  Elizabeth  L.  Smellie, 
C.B.E.,  R.R.C.,  Ll.D.  and  very  proud  we 
are  of  her.  It  is  a  real  satisfaction  to  note 
that  Ethel  Johns,  editor  of  The  Canadian 
Nurse  is  also  mentioned  among  this  group 
of    representative   women   of    Canada. 

M.L. 


M.L.I. C.  Nursing  Service 

Miss  Claire  Champagne  (Ste.  Justine 
Hospital,  Montreal,  1938,  and  University 
of  Montreal  public  health  nursing  course, 
1941)  was  recently  appointed  as  a  Metropo- 
litan nurse  to  the  Mount  Royal  Staff,  Mont- 
real. 

Miss  Louise  Simoneau  (Notre  Dame  Hos- 
pital, Montreal,  1927)  was  recently  transfer- 
red from  the  Quebec  City  Nursing  Staff  to 
Jonquiere,    P.    Q. 


A  time-  pro- 
ven reliablu 
relievinj?  aid 
for  infant's  simple  constipation,  teething  fe- 
vers, stomach  upsets.  A  boon  to  mothers  and 
nurses  as  an  evacuant  in  the  digestive  dis- 
turbances which  often  accompany  teething 
or  which  sometimes  follow  a  change  of  food, 
where  prompt  yet  gentle  elimination  is  de- 
sirable. Sympathetic  to  baby's  delicate  sys- 
tem. No  opiates  of  any  kind.  Over  40  years 
of  ever-increasing  use  speak  highly  for  their 
effectiveness. 


For  Those 
Who  Prefer  The  Best 


WHITE  TUBE  CREAM 

will 

Make  Your  Shoes  Last  Longer 

Give    A    Whiter    Finish 
Prove  More  Economicol  To  Use. 

Made  in  Canada 

For  Sale  At  All  Good  Shoe  Stores 
From   Coast   to   Coast. 


DECEMBER,   1942 


.    .    .    OFF  .    .    .    DUTY   .    .    . 

Not  long  ago  ive  ivere  in  a  dining  car  on  a  Canadian  transcontinental 
train  rushing  along  the  cliffs  which  overhang  Lake  Superior  .  .  .  Our 
table  ivas  at  the  end  of  the  car  and  so  ive  hkid  a  good  view  of  our  fellow 
travellers  ...  A  goodly  company  they  ivere,  too  .  .  .  members  of  the  Air 
Forces  of  Britain,  Canada,  Neiv  Zealand  and  Australia  .  .  .  sailors  from 
the  Royal  Canadian  Navy  .  . .  three  scarlet-coated  Royal  Canadian  Mounted 
Police  .  .  .  Then,  to  make  the  roster  complete,  in  came  five^  soldiers  of  our 
Canadian  Army  .  .  .  The  steivard  put  four  of  them  at  the  only  empty 
table  .  .  .  and  the  fifth  was  rather  umvillingly  induxied  to  sit  opposite 
us  .  .  .  He  tvas  a  strapping  handsome  lad  of  about  tiventy  and  evidently 
a  bit  shy  of  talking  to  strangers  .  .  .  but  ivheyi  he  found  out  that  we  knew 
that  Layigenburg  ivas  not  far  from  the  Assiniboine  River  .  .  .  he  thawed 
out  co7isiderably  and  told  us  he  had  never  been  out  of  Saskatchewan  in 
his  life  .  .  .  Now  he  ivas  on  his  ivay  to  a  military  camp  at  North  Bay  .  .  . 
"Lots  of  bush  around  here"  said  he  .  .  .  "Seems  strange  after  the  prai- 
rie .  .  .  We  had  a  wonderful  harvest  this  year  .  .  .  pretty  near  made  us 
forget  the  drought  .  .  .  the  garden  did  ivell  too  .  .  .  mother  and  the  girls 
put  up  enough  vegetables  to  last  the  umiter  .  .  .  they  had  tomatoes  ripening 
on  all  the  ivindotv  sills  .  .  .  the  frost  nearly  got  them"  .  .  .  We  asked  him 
how  he  liked  life  in  the  Army  and  he  said  it  was  alright  when  you  got 
used  to  it  .  .  .  "At  first  I  felt  bad  because  I  umsn't  as  smart  as  those  Air 
Force  boys  .  .  .  but  when  I  found  out  that  the  Army  needed  men  who  know 
about  machinery  and  horses  I  felt  better"  .  .  .  He  said  he  had  owned  his 
own  quarter-section  of  land  since  he  ivas  eighteen  .  .  .  "Dad  is  going  to  try 
and  keep  things  going  while  I'm  away  .  .  .  but  it's  hard  on  the  old  man  .  .  . 
he  can't  hire  ayiyone  to  help  him  .  .  .  I  broke  my  land  myself  and  it  ivas 
tough  going  .  .  .  no  tractor,  only  an  old  ox  and  he  was  pretty  thin  because 
we  hadn't  much  feed  that  year"  .  .  .  The  ivaiter  brought  him  his  meal  and 
he  ate  it  qidckly  and  cleanly  like  a  healthy  animal  ...  A  Royal  Canadian 
Air  Force  officer  came  by  iv earing  a  purple  and  ivhite  ribbon  on  his 
tunic  .  .  .  "He's  the  one  ivho  ivas  in  the  news-reel"  said  the  lad  from  Sas- 
katchewan .  .  .  "Flew  over  Berlin,  but  he's  a  good  guy  .  .  .  doesn't  put  on 
any  dog  .  .  .  he  knows  he's  lucky  to  have  such  a  good  education"  .  .  .  Sud- 
denly a  queer  thought  popped  into  our  mind  .  .  .  Perhaps  this  was  our 
party  .  .  .  Perhaps  we  were  paying  for  the  hearty  dinner  the  boy  from 
Saskatchewan  was  just  finishing  .  .  .  Perhaps  the  R.C.A.F.  officer  was 
our  guest  without  his  knowing  it  .  .  .  We  looked  round  the  car  and  did 
some  mental  arithmetic  .  .  .  Yes,  the  deductions  from  our  last  few  salary 
cheques  would  just  about  pay  /o7*  the  good  meal  they  were  all  eating  .  .  . 
soldiers,  sailors,  airmen,  mounted  police  .  .  .  laughing  and  talking  like  a 
lot  of  school  boys  .  .  .  it  did  one's  heart  good  to  look  at  them  .  .  .  We  feel 
a  lot  better  about  our  income  tax  now  .  .  .  — E.  J. 

964  Vol.    38.  No.    12 


Official  Directory 

International  Council  of  Nurses 
Acting  Executive   Secretary,   Miss   Calista  F.   Banwarth,   310   Cedar   Street.    New    Haveiv 

Connecticut,  U.S.A. 

THE  CANADIAN  NURSES  ASSOCIATION 

President     „...- Miss  Marion  Lindeburgh,   3466  University  St.,  Montreal,  P.  Q. 

Past  President     » Miss  Grace  M.  Fairley.  Vancouver  General  Hospital.  Vancouver,  B.C. 

First  Vice-President     ~ Miss   Marjorie   Buck,   Norfolk   General    Hospital,   Simcoe,   Ont. 

Second  Vice-President      Miss  Fanny  Munroe,  Royal  Victoria  Hospital,   Montreal,  P.  Q. 

Honourary  Secretary       Miss   Rae   Chittick,   815 — 18th   Ave.   W.,   Calgary,   Alta. 

Honourary   Treasurer      Miss  Marjorie  Jenkins,  Children's   Hospital,   Halifax.   N.S. 

COUNCILLORS  AND  OTHER  MEMBERS  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 

NumeraU   indicate   office   held:    (l)    President,    Provincial    Nurses    Association; 

(t)CkairtHan,  Hospital  and  School  of  Hurting  Section;   (3)   Chairman,  PubUc 

Health    Section;     (i)    Chairman,    General    Nursing    Section. 

Alberta:     (1)     Miss    Rae    Chittick.    815-18th    Ave..  U.  Acton.  Kingston  General  Hospital;    (3)   Miss 

W.,   Calgary;    (2)    Miss  Gena  Bamforth,   Royal  Winnifred    Ashplant.    807    Waterloo    St.,    Lon- 

Alexandra      Hospital.      Edmonton;       (3)     Miss  don;     /4)     Miss    Dorothy    Ogilvie,    34    Gilcbrist 

Jean      S.      Clark,     City      Hall.      Calgary;      (4)  St.,    Ottawa. 

Miss  Gertrude  M.  B.  Thorne.  332-2lst  Ave.  W.,  p^j^^^    Edward    Island:    (1)    Miss    K.    MacLennan, 

talgarj.  Provincial      Sanatorium,      Charlottetown ;      (2) 

B  •  •  L  /-  1      !_•       /,N  ».i      »»    rv  *#j  >j    ,^.,,  TIT     1.  Sr.    St.    John    the    Baptist,    St.     Vincent's    Or- 

^".T»K  ^"'""^'r*^   ^^^  ^"^,^x-  S,""*li*^'xi®X'  ^^*  phanage.  Charlottetown;   (3)  Miss  Mary  Leshe, 

10th  Ave..  Vancouver ;^2)  Miss  F.  McQuarne,  Montague;     (4)    Miss    Eileen    McGough.    152i^ 

Vancouver     General     Hospital;     (3)     Miss     F.  gj    George  St.,  Charlottetown. 
..'.nes,   1922   Adanac  St.,   Vancouver;    (4)    Mrs. 

E.  B.  Thomson,  1095  West  14th  St.,  Vancouver.  Quebec:     (l)    Miss    Eileen    Flanagan,    3801    Uni- 

....        ,..    »,        .     .n.    ,,  T^  .  .  J         ..„  ^  versity  St.,  Montreal;   '2)  Miss  Winnifred  Mac- 

Muutoba:    '1)   Mrs.  A.  C.  McFetndge,  418  Camp-  Lean.   Royal   Victoria  Hospital,   Montreal;    (3) 

S:^'.L***,   Wmnipeg;     (2)    Miss    D.    Ditchfield,  .\nss    Kathleen    Dickson.    Royal    Edward    Insti- 

Childrens    Hospital,    Winnipeg;     (8)    Miss    E.  tute,    Montreal;    (4)    Miss    Anne-Marie   Robert. 

Rowlett,    759    Broadway,    Winnipeg;     (4)    Miss  5484A  St.  Denis  St.,  Montreal. 
E.    Campbell,    778    IngersoU    St.,    Winnipeg. 

Saskatchewan:    (1)    Miss    M.  R.    Diederichs.    Grey 

New   Brunswick:  (1)  Sister  Kerr,  Hotel  Dieu  Hos-  Nuns'   Hospital,   Regina;    (2)   Rev.  Sister  Man- 

pital,    Campbellton;     (2)    Miss    Marion    Myers.  din,   St.  Paul's   Hospital    Saskatoon;    (3)   Miss 

Saint  John  General  Hospital;    (3)   Miss  Muriel  (Jlaidys    McDonald,    6    Mayfair    Apts.,    Regina; 

Hunter.  Dept.  of  Health,  Fredericton;   (4)  Miss  U)    Miss    M.    R.    Chisholm.    805-7th    Ave.    N., 

Mar>'    Harding,    62    Sydney   St..   Saint   John.  Saskatoon. 

Nova    Scotia:     (1)    Miss    M.    Jenkins.    Children's  Chairinen,  National  Sections:   Hospital  and  School 

Hospital,   Halifax;    (2)    Sister  Mary  Peter,   St.  °f  ^I'^^'Jig.'.i^'*^  .Ji*'""'*™   ^.   Gibson,   Hospitel 

Martha's   Hospital.   Antigonish;    (3)    Miss  Jean  {°T  Sick  Children,  Toronto,  Ont.  Public  Health: 

Forbes.    314   Roy   Bldg.,    Halifax;    (4)    Miss   M.  Miss    Lyle    Creelman.    2570    Spruce    St.,    Van- 

Ripley,  46  DubUn  SL.  Halifax.  couver.   B.C.   General   Nursing:   Miss   Madalene 

Baker,    249    Victona    St.,    London,    Ont.    Con- 
Ontario:    '1)    Miss   Mildred   I.  Walker,     Institute  vener,  Committee  on   Nursing  Education:  Miss 
of    Public    Health.    London;    '2)    Miss    Louise  E.  K.  Russell,  7  Queen's  Park,    lorouto.  Out. 

Executive  S«creury:   Mut  Jaan  S.  Wilion,  National  Offica,   1411    Crescent  St.,   Montreal,   P.Q. 
OFFICERS   OF   SECTIONS   OF    CANADIAN    NURSES   ASSOCIATION 

Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing  Section  Councillors:  Alberta:  Miss  G.  M.  B  Thorne, 
*^  '  *  332-21st  Ave..  W..  Calgary.  British  Columbia: 
Chairman:  Miss  Miriam  L.  Gibson,  Hospital  for  Mrs.  E.  B.  Manitoba:  1095  W.  14th  St.,  Van- 
Sick  Children.  Toronto,  Ont.  First  Vice-Chair-  couver.  Thomson,  Miss  E.  Campbell  778 
man:  Miss  Eva  McNally,  General  Hospital,  l!?.S^''\°,"  i/K.  ^"l"'R?^%  ^ew  Brunswick: 
Brandon.  Man.  Second  Vice-Chairman :  Miss  M.  Miss  M.  Harding,  62  Sydney  St..  Saint  John. 
Batson,  Montreal  General  HospitaL  Secretary-  Nova  Scoaa:  Miss  M.  Ripley.  46  Dublin  St.. 
Treasurer:  Miss  Flora  MacLellan.  Ontario  Hos-  ^alifax,     Ontano:       Miss    D.    Ogijvie,    34    Gil- 

pital.    New    Toronto,    Ont.    "  ^^'■'^*..'*»r'r.^"u^*-.„,/    ?r"5?  Edward  Islaad: 

Miss  E.  McGough,   152%  St.   George  St.,  Char- 
„                         ...            x«-       /^     D  „<•    II,     D        1  lottetown.     Quebec:   Miss  A.  M.  Robert,   5484A 
CotNciLLORs:    Alberta:    Miss    G     Bamforth.    Royal  gt.   Denis  St.,   Montreal.        Saskatchewan:     Miss 
Alexandra         Hospital          Edmonton.        Bntish  ^    ^    Chishohn,   805-7th    Ave   N..   Saskatoon. 
Columbia:  Miss   F.   McQuarne,   Vancouver   Gen- 
eral   Hospital.     Manitoba:    Miss    D.    Ditchfield,  r»    tf      u     i.t,    c     *• 
Children's   Hospital,  Winnipeg.  New  firunswick:  fuoitc   tieaitlt   ^ectton 
Miss  Marion   Myers,  Saint  John   General   Hos-  Chairman:    Miss   L.    Creelman.    2570    Spruce    St., 
pital.      Nova     Scotia:      Sr.     Mary     Peter.     St.  Vancouver,     B.     C.     Vice-Chairman:     Mile     A. 
Martha's    Hospital,    Antigonish.    Onurio:    Miss  Martineau.    Dept.    of    Health,    Montreal,    P.    Q, 
L.  D.  Acton,  Kingston  General  Hospital.  Prince  Secretary-Treasurer:     Mrs.     G.     Langton,     Unl- 
Edward    Island:    Sr.    St.    John    the    Baptist,    St.  versity   of  British   Columbia,   Vancouver,   B.   C. 
Vincent's   Orphanage,   Charlottetown.     Quebec:  Councillors:         Alberta:          Miss  Jean  S.  Clark. 
Miss  Winnifred  MacLean,  Royal  Victoria  Hos-  City    Hall,    Calgary.     British    Columbia:      Miss 
pital.    Montreal.     Saskatchewan:    Rev.    Sr.    Man-  F.     Innes,      1922      Adanac      St.,      Vancouver, 
din.    St.    Paul's    Hospital,    Saskatoon.  Manitoba:     Miss    E.    Rowlett,    759    Broadway, 

,  Winnipeg.        New    Brunswick:      Miss  M.  Hunter, 

General  Nursing  Section  Dept.    of    Health,    Fredericton.       Nova  Scotia: 

Miss    Jean     Forbes,     314    Roy    Bldg.,    Halifax. 

Chairman:     Miss     M.     Baker,     249    Victoria    St.,  Ontario:    Miss  W.   Ashplant.   807   Waterloo  St., 

London.    Ont.     First    Vice-Chairman:    Miss    P.  London.       Prince     Edward    Island  ;    Miss    Mary 

Brownell,    212    Balmoral    St..    Winnipeg,    Man.  Leslie.   Montague.     Quebec:       Miss  K.  Dickson. 

Second   Vice-Chairman:  Miss  M.   McMullen.   St.  Royal    Edward    Institute.     Montreal.         Saskat 

Stephen.      N.      B.       Secretarj'-Treasurer:     Miss  chewan:     Miss   G.   McDonald.    6    Mayfair   Apts., 

Erla    E.    Beger.    27   Yale   St..   Toronto.   Ont.  Regina. 


966 


Provincial  Associations  of  Registered  Nurses 


ALBERTA 

Alberta  Association  of  Registered  Nurses 
Pres.,  Miss  Rae  Chittick,  815-18th  Ave.  W., 
Calgary;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Ida  E.  Johnson, 
Royal  Alexandra  Hospital,  Edmonton;  Sec.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Sister  Beatrice,  St.  Michael's  Hospital, 
Lethbridge;  Sec.-Treas.  &  Registrar,  Mrs.  A.  E. 
Vango,  St.  Stephen's  College,  Edmonton;  Coun- 
cillor. Miss  B.  A.  Beattie,  Provincial  Mental  Hos- 
pital, Ponoka;  Chairmen  of  Sections:  Hospital  & 
School  of  Nursing,  Miss  Gena  Bamforth,  Royal 
Alexandra  Hospital,  Edmonton;  Public  Health, 
Miss  Jean  S.  Clark,  City  Hall,  Calgary;  General 
Nursing,  Miss  Gertrude  Thorne,  332-21st  Ave. 
W.,  Calgary;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss 
Violet  Chapman,  Royal  Alexandra  Hospital,  Ed- 
monton. 

Ponoka  District,  No.  2,  Alberta  Association  of 
Registered  Nurses 
Chairman,  Miss  Moira  Foster;  Vice-Chairman, 
Miss  Estelle  Harle ;  Secretary-Treasurer,  Miss 
Nessa  Leckie.  Provincial  Mental  Hospital;  Con- 
vener, British  Nurses  Relief  Fund,  Miss  Karen 
Westerlund ;  Representative  to  The  Canadian 
Nurse,   Miss  Olive  Websdale. 

Catgary    District,    No.    3,    Alberta    Association    of 

Registered  Nurses 
Chairman,  Miss  Kathleen  Connor,  Central 
Alberta  Sanatorium;  Vice-Chairman,  Miss  M. 
Deane-Freeman ;  Secretary.  Miss  M.  Richards, 
Holy  Cross  Hospital,  Calgary;  Treasurer.  MiM 
M.  Watt;  Conveners  of  Sections:  Hospital  & 
School  of  Nursing,  Miss  J.  Connal;  Public 
Health,  Miss  A.  Dick;  General  Nursing,  Miss 
G.  Thome. 

Medicine  Hat  District,  No.  4,  Alberta  Association 
of  Registered  Nurses 
Pres.,  Miss  C.  E.  Mary  Rowles,  M.H.  General 
Hospital;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Hagerman, 
Y.W.C.A.;  Sec.-Treas.  Miss  M.M.  Webster,  558 
Fourth  St.;  Entertainment  Committee:  Miss 
Green,  Miss  Weeks,  Mrs.  D.  Fawcett;  Convener 
&  Treas.  of  Social  Service  Dept.,  Mrs.  G.  Crock- 
ford;  Representatives  to:  Red  Cross:  Misses  J. 
Lus,  E.  Sengh;  War  Council,  Miss  L.  Green. 

Edmonton   District,   No.   7,    Alberw    Association   of 
Registered  Nurses 

Chairman,  Miss  I.  Johnson;  First  Vice-Chair- 
man, Mrs.  O.  Porritt;  Sec.  Vice-Chairman,  Rev. 
Sr.  Clotilda;  Sec.  Miss  G.  Bamforth,  Royal 
Alexandra  Hospital,  Edmonton;  Treas.,  Miss  V 
Leadlay;  Committee  Conveners:  Program,  Miss 
H.  McArthur;  Membership,  Miss  Lindsay;  Reps. 
to:  Local  Council  of  Women,  Miss  V.  Chap- 
man; The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  G.  Vicars. 

Lethbridge    District,    No.    8,   Alberta   Association    of 
Registered    Nurses 

Chairman,  Miss  Jean  MacKenzie,  1120  Sixth 
Avenue,  South,  Lethbridge;  Vice-Chairman,  Miss 
Ann  Kostuik;  Secretary,  Miss  Marjorie  Bair, 
Gait  Hospital,  Lethbrld^;  Treasurer,  Miss  Ruth 
Hooper. 

BRITISH   COLUMBIA 

Registered    Nurses    Association    of    British    Coltunbit 

Pres..  Miss  M.  Duffield,  1675-lOth  Ave.  W., 
Vancouver;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  E.  Kerr; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  G.  M.  Fairley:  Sec,  Miss 
P.  Capelle,  Rm.  1012.  Vancouver  Block,  Van- 
couver; Registrar,  Miss  Evelyn  Mallory,  Rm. 
1012,   Vancouver  Block,   Vancouver;   Councillors: 


Miss  E.  Clark,  Miss  L.  Creelman,  Sr.  Colum- 
kille,  Sr.  M.  Gregory,  Miss  F.  H.  Walker;  Con- 
veners of  Sections:  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing, 
Miss  F.  McQuarrie,  Vancouver  General  Hospital; 
Public  Health,  Miss  F.  Innes,  1922  Adanac  St 
Vancouver;  General  Nursing,  Mrs.  E.  B.  Thom- 
son, 1095  W.  14th  Ave.,  Vancouver;  Press,  Miss 
M.   E.   Macdonell,   2570   Spruce   St.,    Vancouver. 

Vancouver     Island     District 

Victoria    Chapter,    Registered    Nurses    Association 
of  British   Columbia 

Pres..  Mrs.  J.  H.  Russell;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Sr.  M.  Claire;  Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  H.  Latornell; 
Rec  Sec,  Miss  G.  Wahl;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  H. 
Unsworth,  Royal  Jubilee  Hospital;  Treas.,  Miss 
N.  Knipe;  Conveners:  General  Nursing,  Miss  K. 
Powell;  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing.  Sr.  M. 
Gregory;  Public  Health,  Miss  H.  Kilpatrick; 
Directory,  Mrs.  G.  Bothwell;  Finance,  Miss  M. 
Dickson ;  Membership,  Sr.  M.  Gabrielle ;  Program, 
Miss  D.  Calquhoun;  Publications,  Miss  M.  La- 
turnus;  Nominating,  Miss  L.  Eraser;  Corr.  Dele- 
gate of  Placement  Bureau,  Mrs.  Bothwell;  Re- 
gistrar, Miss  E.  Franks. 

West    Kootenay    District 

Kamloops-Tranquille   Chapter,    Registered   Nurses 
Association    of    British    Columbia 

Pres.,  Mrs.  Markley:  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  O.  Gar- 
rood;  Sec,  Miss  E.  Davis,  Royal  Inland  Hos- 
pital; Treas.  Miss  F.  Aberdeen;  Committee  Con- 
veners: Program,  Mrs.  R.  Howard;  Social,  Mrs. 
S.  Dalgleish;  Ways  &  Means,  Miss  M.  Williams; 
Membership,  Miss  Naylor;  Representatives  to 
The  Canadian  Nurse,  Misses  J.  Norquay,  Turn- 
bull. 

Nelson  Chapter,  Registered  Nurses  Association  of 
British  Columbia 
Hon.  Pres..  Miss  V.  B.  Eidt;  Pres..  Miss  Turn- 
bull;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  B.  Laing;  Sec.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Miss  B.  Hayden;  Sec.  Miss  H.  Tompkins, 
Kootenay  Lake  Gen.  Hospital:  Treas.,  Miss  G. 
Carr;  Committees:  General  Nursing,  Miss  K. 
Scott;  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  V. 
Eidt;  Public  Health,  Miss  N.  Dunn;  Ways  & 
Means,  Miss  E.  Sutherland;  Social  &  Program, 
Miss  M.  Bower;  Visiting,  Miss  N.  Murphy;  A/cnt- 
bership.  Miss  J.  Boutwell;  Library,  Mrs.  A. 
O'Connor:  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  M. 
Ross. 

Trail    Chapter,    Registered    Nurses    Association    of 
British   Columbia 

President,  Miss  Marjory  Fletcher;  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Miss  Edythe  Crosson;  Secretary,  Mlsa 
Phyllis  Slader,  Nurses  Residence,  Trail-Tadanac 
Hospital,  Trail;  Treasurer,  Miss  Eileen  Somer- 
ville;  Representative  to  The  Canadian  Nurse, 
Miss   Joyce    Greenwood. 

New    Westminster    Chapter,    Registered    Nurses 
Association   of  British   Columbia 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  C.  E.  Clark;  Pres..  Mrs.  A. 
Way;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  E.  Scott  Grey;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  A.  MacPhail;  Sec,  Miss  E. 
Beatt,  243  Keary  St.;  Treas..  Mrs.  T.  Jones; 
Assist.  Sec.  &  Treas..  Miss  B.  Smith. 

Rossland     Chapter,     Registered     Nurses     Association 
of    British    Columbia 

Hon.  Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  J.  Francis;  Pres.,  Miss 
F.  McLean;  Vice-Pres..  Rev.  Sr.  Bernadette; 
Sec,  Miss  J.  Miller;  Treas.,  Mrs.  T.  Crellln; 
Committee:  Membership.  Miss  McLean:  Pro- 
gram:   Mis>^    Tompkins.    Mmes    Davies,    Woods: 


«66 


OFFICIAL    DIRECTORY 


967 


Social:  Mmes  Lonsbury,  Bailey,  Miss  Hood; 
Reps,  to:  The  Canadian  Nurse.  Miss  McLean; 
Community  Chest,  Mrs.  Eccles;  A.R.P.,  Miss 
Hood;  Home  Nursing  Classes,  Mrs.  Lonsbury. 

MANITOBA 

Manitoba  Association  of  Registered  Nurses 
Pres..  Mrs.  A.  C.  McFetridge,  418  Campbell 
St.  Winnipeg;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  E.  McNally, 
Brandon  General  Hospital;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss 
I.  McDiarmid,  363  Langside  St.,  Winnipeg; 
Board  Members:  Miss  L.  Stewart,  168  Cliest- 
nut  St.  Winnipeg;  Miss  H.  Coram,  172  Ciiest- 
nut  St.  Winnipeg;  Miss  P.  Hart,  320  Shierbrooke 
St.,  Winnipeg;  Miss  C.  Lynch,  Winnipeg  General 
Hospital;  Miss  L.  Nordquist,  Carman  General 
Hospital;  Miss  A.  McKee,  604  Medical  Arts 
Bldg.,  Winnipeg;  Mrs.  F.  Wagner,  Grace  Hos- 
pital, Winnipeg;  Miss  A.  O'Brien,  Souris  &  Glen- 
wood  Memorial  Hospital;  Rev.  Sister  Clermont, 
St.  Boniface  Hospital;  Conveners  of  Sections: 
Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  D.  Ditchfield,  . 
Ciiildren's  Hospital,  Winnipeg;  Public  Health, 
Miss  E.  Rowlett.  "^59  Broaiway.  Winnipeg; 
General  Nursing,  Miss  E.  Campbell,  778  Inger- 
soll  St..  Winnipeg;  Committee  Conveners:  Instruc- 
tors Group,  Miss  A.  Carpenter,  Children's  Hos- 
pital, Winnipeg;  Social,  Mrs.  W.  S.  McElheran, 
969  Dominion  St.,  Winnipeg;  Legislative,  Miss 
E.  Wilson,  668  Bannatyne  Ave.,  Winnipeg; 
Membership,  Miss  D.  Earle,  Victoria  Hospital 
Winnipeg;  F.N.M.  Loan  Fund,  Miss  Z.  Beattie, 
St.  Boniface  Hospital;  Directory,  Miss  Besant, 
Victoria  Hospital,  Winnipeg;  British  Nurses  Re- 
lief Fund,  Mrs.  T.  Hulme,  20  Waldron  Apts. 
Winnipeg;  Visiting,  Mrs.  W.  Hryhorchuk,  Grace 
Hospital.  Winnipeg;  Representatives  to:  Council 
of  Social  Agencies,  Miss  F.  Robertson,  753  Wolse- 
ley  Ave.,  Winnipeg;  Red  Cross,  Miss  C.  Maddin 
187  Kennedy  St.,  Winnipeg;  The  Canadian  Nurse, 
Miss  L.  Stewart,  168  Chestnut  St..  Winnipeg; 
Local  Council  of  Women,  Mrs.  B.  Moffatt,  1183 
Dorchester  Ave.,  Winnipeg;  Executive  Secretary 
and  School  of  Nursing  Advisor,  Miss  Gertrude 
Hall,    212    Balmoral   St.,   Winnipeg. 

NEW  BRUNSWICK 

New  Brunswick  Association  of  Registered  Nurses 
Pres.,  Rev.  Sister  Kerr.  Hotel-Dieu  Hospital, 
Campbellton;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  L.  Smith; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  R.  Follis;  Hon.  Sec,  Miss 
M.  McMullen;  Conveners  of  Sections:  Public 
Health,  Miss  M.  Hunter;  General  Nursing,  Miss 
M.  Harding;  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss 
M.  Myers;  Conveners  of  Committees:  Advisory 
Committee  of  Schools  of  Nursing,  Miss  A.  F. 
Law;  Legislation,  Miss  D.  Parsons;  The  Cana- 
dian Nurse,  Miss  N.  Wallace;  Reps,  to  National 
Committees:  Health  Insurance  &  Nursing  Service, 
Miss  B.  L.  Gregory;  History  of  Nursing.  Miss  A. 
Burns;  Eight-Hour  Duty.  Miss  M.  McMullen;  Ex- 
change of  Nurses,  Miss  M.  Myers;  Reps,  of  Chap- 
ters ftc  Distrirts:  Miss  A.  J.  MacMaster,  Moncton; 
Rev.  Sr.  Saint  Stanislaus,  Chatham;  Secretary- 
Registrar,  Miss  Alma  Law,  Health  Centre,  Saint 
John. 

NOVA  SCOTIA 

Registered  Nurses  Association  of  Nova  Scoi'< 
Pres.,  Miss  Marjorie  Jenkins,  Children's  Hos- 
pital, Halifax;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  D.  J.  Gillis, 
Vickers  Lane,  Sydney  Mines;  Sec.  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  Jane  Watkins,  63  Henry  St.,  Halifax;  Third 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  A.  E.  Richardson.  Blanchard- 
Fraser  Memorial  Hospital,  Kentville;  Rec.  Sec, 
Miss  Lillian  Grady.  Halifax  Infirmary.  Halifax: 
Registrar  -  Treasurer  -  Corresponding  Secretary, 
Miss  Jean  C.  Dunning.  413  Dennis  Bldg.,  Hali- 
fax; Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Mrs.  Dorothy 
Luscombe,    364   Spring  Garden   Rd.,   Halifax. 

ONTARIO 

Registered    Nurses   Association    of   Ontario 
Pres.,  Miss  Mildred  L  Walker;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Miss    J.    Masten;    Sec.    Vice-Pres.,    Miss    M.    B. 
Anderson;    Sec-Treas..    Miss    Matilda    E.     Fitz- 


gerald, Rm.  680,  86  Bloor  St.  W.,  Toronto;  Chair- 
men of  Sections:  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing, 
Miss  L.  D.  Acton,  Kingston  General  Hospital; 
General  Nursing,  Miss  D.  Ogilvie,  34  Gildirist 
Ave..  Ottawa;  Public  Health,  Miss  W.  Ashplant, 
807  Waterloo  St.,  London;  Chairmen  of  Districts: 
Mrs.  C.  Salmon,  Miss  M.  Bliss  Miss  M.  Buchan- 
an, Miss  K.  McNamara,  Miss  L  Shaw,  Miss  M. 
Crawford,  Miss  M.  Stewart,  Miss  J.  Smith,  Miss 
M.  Buss. 

DiMrict    1 

Chairman,  Mrs.  C.  I.  Salmon;  First  Vice- 
Chairman,  Major  D.  Barr;  Sec. — Treas.,  Miss 
A.  Kenny,  Aberdeen  Hotel,  Chatham;  Coun- 
cillors: Misses  Stewart,  WIghtman,  Rathwell, 
Shaw,  Perrin,  Gray,  Mrs.  Wilson;  Conveners: 
Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  P.  Camp- 
bell; General  Nursing,  Miss  H.  O'Mahoney; 
Public  Health,  Miss  M.  Armstrong;  Enrolment, 
Miss  D.  Birrell. 

Districtt  2  and  3 

Chairman,  Mrs.  K.  Cowie;  First  Vice-Chair- 
man.  Miss  L.  Trusdale;  Sec.  Vice-Chairman,  Miss 
M.  Hackett;  Sec-Treas.,  Miss  H.  D.  Muir.  Brant- 
ford  General  Hospital;  Chairmen  of  Sections: 
General  Nursing,  Miss  M.  McKenzie;  Public 
Health,  Miss  M.  Thom;  Hospital  &  School  of 
Nursing,    Miss    M.    Watson. 

District   4 

Chairman,  Miss  M.  Buchanan;  First  Vice- 
Chairman,  Miss  E.  Ewart;  Sec.  Vice-Chairman, 
Miss  A.  Scheifele;  Sec-Treas.,  Miss  G.  Coul- 
thart,  192  Wellington  St.  N.,  Hamilton;  Coun- 
cillors: Sister  Mary  Grace,  Misses  Brewster, 
Cameron.  Wright.  Mrs.  Day,  N/S  Boyd;  Con- 
veners: Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Sr.  Eileen; 
Public  Health.  Miss  H.  Snedden ;  General  Nurs- 
ing Miss  S.  Murray;  Emergency  Nursing,  Mrs. 
A.   Haygarth. 

District  5 
Chairman,  Miss  K.  McNamara;  First  Vice- 
Chairman,  Miss  P.  Morrison ;  Sec-Treas.,  Mrs.  G. 
L.  Williamson  24  Drake  Cres.,  Scarboro  Bluffs; 
Councillors:  Misses  L  Weirs,  G.  Jones,  J.  Mit- 
chell, E.  Grant,  R.  Russell,  A.  Reddon;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  General  Nursing,  Miss  M. 
Hughes;  Public  Health,  Miss  L.  Pettigrew;  Hos- 
pital &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  B.  MacPhedran. 

District   0 

Chairman,  Miss  I.  Shaw;  First  Vice-Chairman, 
Miss  M.  McKenzie;  Sec.  Vice-Chairman,  Miss  E. 
Covert;  Third  Vice-Chairman.  Miss  E.  Wright; 
Sec-Treas.,  Miss  V.  Taylor,  General  Hospital.  Co 
bourg:  Conveners:  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing, 
Miss  E.  Youn?;  General  Nursing,  Mrs.  E.  Brack- 
en ri-Jge;  Public  Health,  Miss  H.  McGeary;  Mem- 
bership, Miss  N.  Brown;  Enrolment,  Miss  E. 
Meeks;   Finance,  Miss  F.   Fitzgerald. 

District   7 

Chairman,  Miss  M.  Crawford;  Vice-Chairman, 
Miss  E.  Ardill ;  Sec-Treas.,  Miss  E.  Sharp,  King- 
ston General  Hospital;  Councillors:  Misses  E. 
Freeman,  V.  Manders,  Hanna,  E.  Moffatt,  Ga- 
van.  Rev.  Sr.  Donovan:  Conveners:  Hospital  & 
School  of  Nursing,  Miss  L.  Acton ;  General 
Nursing,  Miss  E.  MacLean;  Public  Health,  Miss 
D.  Storms;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss 
B.   Coulter. 

District   8 

Chairman,  Miss  M.  Stewart;  First  Vice-Chair- 
man, Rev.  Sr.  M.  Evangeline;  Sec.  Vice-Chair- 
man, Miss  P.  Walker;  Sec-Treas.,  Miss  J. 
Stock,  390  Chapel  St.,  Ottawa;  Councillors: 
Misses  L  Allen,  L.  Brul6,  W.  Cooke,  V. 
Foran,  M.  Lowry,  H.  O'Meara;  Conveners; 
Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Rev.  Sr.  St.  God- 
frey; Public  Health,  Miss  C.  Livingston;  General 


968 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


Nursing.  Miss  I.  Dickson;  Pembroke  Chapter, 
Miss  M.  Young;  Cornwall  Chapter,  Miss  M.  Mc- 
Whinnie:  Rep.  to  The  Canadian,  Nurse,  Miss  H. 
Tanner. 

District   9 

Chairman.  Miss  J.  Smith,  Gravenhurst;  First 
Vice-Chairman.  Miss  K.  MacKenzie,  North  Bay: 
Sec.  Vice-Cliairman,  Miss  A.  McGregor,  Sault 
Ste.  Marie;  Sec,  Miss  F.  Geddis.  Plummer 
Memorial  Hospital.  Sault  Ste.  Marie;  Treas., 
Miss  R.  Buchanan,  Sanitarium  P.  O. ;  Conveners: 
Public  Health,  Miss  H.  E.  Smith,  New  Liskeard; 
Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss  A.  Riordan, 
Sudbury;  General  Nursing,  Mrs.  E.  Sheridan, 
Sudbury;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Sr.  Teresa  of 
the   Sacred   Heart,   Sault  Ste.   Marie. 

District    10 

Chairman,  Miss  M.  Buss,  The  Sanatorium,  Fort 
William;  Vice-Chairman,  Miss  B.  Roberts;  Sec.- 
Treas.,  Miss  D.  Chedister,  General  Hospital,  Port 
Arthur;  Councillor,  Miss  A.  Baillie;  Committee 
Conveners:  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Miss 
M.  Flanagan;  Public  Health,  Miss  E.  Newson; 
General  Nursing,  Miss  I  Morrison ;  Program  Com- 
mittee:   Misses   V.   Lovelace,    H.   MacNaughton. 

PRINCE    EDWARD    ISLAND 

Prince    Edward    Island    Registered    Nurses 
Association 

Pres..  Miss  Katharine  MacLennan  Provincial 
Sanatorium.  Charlottetown :  Vice-Pres.,  Miss 
Mary  Devereaux,  Charlottetown  Hospital:  Sec. 
Miss"  .\nna  Mair.,  P.E.I.  Hospital,  Charlottetown ; 
Treas.  &  Registrar.  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Magdalen, 
Charlottetown  Hospital:  Chairmen  of  Sections: 
Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Sr.  St.  John  the 
Baptist,  St.  Vincent's  Orphanage,  Charlottetown; 
<ieneral  Nursing,  Mis.s  Kileen  McGough,  152% 
St.  George  St.,  Charlottetown;  Public  Health, 
Miss    Marj'    Leslie,    Montague. 

QUEBEC 

Association    of    Registered    Nurses    of    the    Province 
of     Quebec     (Incorporated,     1920) 

President,  Miss  Eileen  C.  Flanagan;  Vice- 
President  (English),  Miss  Mabel  K.  Holt;  Vice- 
President  (French),  Rdv.  Soeur  Valdrie  de  la 
Sagesse;  Honourary  Secretary,  Mile  Alice  Al- 
bert; Honourary  Treasurer,  Miss  Fanny  Munroe; 
Members  without  Office:  Misses  Marion  Nash. 
Mar>-  Ritchie.  Miles  Maria  Roy,  Maria  Beaumler. 


Annonciade  Martineau;  Advisory  Board:  Misses 
Jean  Wilson,  Marion  Lindeburgh,  Catherine  M. 
Ferguson,  Esther  M.  Beith.  R^v.  Soeur  Marie  de 
I'Eucharistie  (Quebec),  Miles  Edna  Lynch,  Ju- 
liette Trudel;  Conveners  of  Sections:  General 
Nursing  (French),  Mile  Anne-Marie  Robert, 
5484A  St.  Denis  St.,  Montreal;  Hospital  &  School 
of  Nursing  (English),  Miss  Winnifred  MacLean. 
Royal  Victoria  Hospital,  Montreal;  Hospital  & 
School  of  Nursing  (French),  R6v.  Soeur  Ddcary. 
Hdpital  Notre-Dame,  Montreal;  Public  Health 
(English),  Miss  Kathleen  Dickson,  Royal  Edward 
Institute,  Montreal;  Public  Health  (French), 
Mile  Marie  Euphdmie  Cantin,  4642  St.  Denis  St. 
Montreal;  Board  of  Examiners:  Miss  Mary  Ma- 
thewson  (convener),  Misses  Norena  S.  Mackenzie, 
Madeleine  Flander,  Miles  Alexina  Marchessault. 
Anysie  Deland,  R^v.  Soeur  Marie  Claire  Rheault; 
Executive  Secretary,  Registrar  &  Official  School 
Visitor,  Miss  E.  Frances  Upton,  Ste.  1019,  Med- 
ical Arts  Bldg.,  Montreal. 

SASKATCHEWAN 

Saskatchewan  Registered  Nurses  Association 
(Incorporated  1917) 
Pres.,  Miss  M.  R.  Diederichs,  Regina  Grey  Nuns' 
Hospital;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  E.  Ingham, 
Moose  Jaw  General  Hospital;  Sec.  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  E.  R.  Pearston,  Melfort;  Councillors: 
Miss  M.  E.  Grant,  922-9th  Ave.  N.,  Saskatoon; 
Rev.  Sister  Hildegarde,  St.  Elizabeth's  Hospital, 
Humboldt:  Chairmen  of  Sections:  General 
Nursing,  Miss  M.  R.  Chisholm,  805-7th  Ave.  N., 
Saskatoon;  Hospital  &  School  of  Nursing,  Rev. 
Sister  Mandin,  St.  Paul's  Hospital,  Saskatoon; 
Public  Health,  Miss  Gladys  McDonald,  6  Mayfair 
Apts.,  Regina;  Secretary-Treasurer,  Registrar 
and  Advisor,  Schools  for  Nurses,  Miss  K.  W. 
Ellis,    University   of   Saskatchewan,   Saskatoon. 

Regina    Registered    Nurses    Association   - 

Hon.  Pres.  Sister  Tougas;  Pres.,  Miss  M. 
McRae;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  D.  Lewis;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.  Mrs.  Storey;  Sec,  Mrs.  M.  Stocker, 
22  Qu'Appelle  Apts.;  Ass.-Sec,  Miss  V.  Kiesel; 
Treas.  &  Registrar,  Mrs.  H.  Regan;  Conveners: 
Registry,  Miss  Grad;  Program:  Misses  Sharp, 
Blackwood;  Membership:  Miss  McLaughlin,  Mrs. 
Racette;  Social.  Misses  Wilkins,  Brown;  General 
Nursing,  Miss  Sissons  ;Hosp«a/ &  School  of  Nur- 
sing, Miss  Thompson;  Public  Health  Miss  Riley; 
Finance,  Mrs.  Deverell;  War  Services,  Miss  Spel- 
liscy;  Sick  Nurses.  Misses  Tumbu  11,  Martin;  The 
Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Winning, 


Alumnae  Associations 


ALBERTA 

A. A.,    Calgary    General    Hospital,    Calgary 

Hon.  Pres.,  Misses  S.  Maddonald,  A.  Hebert; 
Hon.  Members:  Misses  M.  Moodie,  J.  Murphy,  A. 
Casey;  Pres.  Mrs.  A.  Warrington;  First  Vice- 
Pres..  Mrs.  G.  McPherson;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs. 
T.  Ellis;  Rec  Sec,  Mrs.  J.  Mclntyre;  Corr. 
Sec,  Miss  J.  Cumming,  238  Crescent  Rd.;  Treas.. 
Mrs.  B.  Charles;  Membership,  Mrs.  A.  Wilson; 
Press,  Miss  C.  Rose. 

A.A.,  Holy  Cross  Hospital,  Calgary 
President,  Mrs.  Cyril  Holloway;  First  Vice- 
President,  Mrs.  D.  Overand;  Second  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Miss  L.  Aiken;  Recording  Secretary,  Mrs. 
B.  McAdam;  Corresponding  Secretary,  Mrs.  J. 
E.  Hood,  211  Anderson  Apts.;  Treasurer.  Mrs. 
E.  Bragg. 

A.A.,  Edmonton  General  Hospitel,  Edmonton 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sr.  M.  O'Grady.  Sr.  F.  Neuhausel; 
Pres.,  Miss  E.  Bietsch;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  R. 


Price;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  J.  Slavik,  E.G.H.;  Rec. 
Sec,  Miss  A.  Strochinski;  Treas.,  Miss  E. 
Wallsmith;  Private  Duty,  Miss  M.  Hozak;  Visit- 
ing Committee:  Misses  Nelson,  Deschatelets ; 
Standing  Committee:  Misses  Kuntz,  Beaton, 
Barden,   Ryan,   Mrs.   Lowing. 

A.A.,    Royal    Alexandra    Hospital,   Edmonton 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  M.  Eraser;  Pres.,  Miss 
Einarson;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  I.  Johnson; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  R.  Boyd;  Rec.  Sec,  Mrs. 
M.  Hall;  Corr.  Sec,  Mrs.  W.  White,  R.A.H.; 
Treas  Miss  F.  Toby;  Committee  Conveners: 
Program.  Mrs.  J.  White:  Visiting,  Miss  T. 
Holm;  Social,  Miss  K.  Dunlop;  News  Letter, 
Miss  A.  Piercy;  Benefit,  Miss  I.  Johnson; 
Scholarship.  Miss  G.  Allyn;  Executive:  Miss  A. 
Anderson,   Mmes  J.   F.  Thompson,  P.  Baker. 

A.A.,    University    of    Alberta    Hospiul,     Edmonton 

Pres..  Miss  A.  Whybrow;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  B. 
Fane:  Rec  Sec.  Miss  D.  Russell;  Corr.  Sec- 
Mrs    \".    E.    Alexander.    llot.5-82nd    Ave.;    Treas., 


OFFICIAL    DIRECTORY 


969 


Miss  M.  Baxter;  Social  Committee:  Miss  F.  Bed- 
dome  (convener).  Misses  I.  Sloaiie.  I  Revell. 
Mrs.  N.  E.  Pound;  Rep.  to  Press,  Mrs.  N.  E. 
Pound. 

A. A.,   Lamont   Public   Hospital,   Lamont 

Honourary  President.  Miss  F.  E.  Welsh,  Gode- 
rich.  Ont.;  President,  Mrs.  R.  H.  Shears;  First 
Vice-President,  Mrs.  G.  Archer;  Second  Vice- 
President.  Mrs.  G.  Harrolid;  Secretar>'-Treas- 
urer.  Mrs.  B.  I.  Love.  FJk  Island  National  Park. 
Lamont;  News  Editor,  Mrs.  Peterson,  Hardisty; 
Convener,  Social  Committee,  Miss  Ada  Sandell. 

A.A.,    Vegreville    General     Hospital,     VegreviiU 

Hon.  President,  Sister  Anna  Keohane;  Hon. 
Vice-President.  Sister  J.  Boisseau;  President, 
Mrs.  Stanley  Walker,  V'egrevilJe;  Vice-President, 
Mrs.  Rennie  Landrj',  Vegreville;  Secretary- 
Treasurer.  Miss  Annie  Askin.  Box  213,  Vegre 
ville;    Visiting   Committee    (chosen    monthly). 


BRITISH   COLUMBIA 

A. A.,    St.    Paul's    Hospital,    Vancouver 

Hon.  Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Phillipe;  Hon.  Vlce- 
Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Columbkille;  Pres.,  Miss  J. 
Mitchell;  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  F.  Engby;  S«c.,  Miss 
B.  Falk,  3776-33  Ave.  W;  Treas.,  Miss  E.  Atter- 
bine ;  Registrar.  Miss  Stewart ;  Committee  Con- 
veners: Social,  Miss  Walters;  Program,  Miss  M. 
Bell:  Visiting,  Miss  McCauley;  Mutual  Benefit, 
Miss  McGee;  Press,  Miss  N.  Johnson;  Rep.  to 
The   Canadian  Siirse,   Miss   C.   Bryant. 

A. A.,   Vancouver  General    Hospital,   Vancouver 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  G.  Fairley;  Pres.,  Miss  F. 
Innes;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  L.  Creelman;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  A.  Grundy;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  N. 
Cunningham;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  L.  Lore,  1589  E. 
Broadway;  Treas.,  Mrs.  F.  L.  Faulkner;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  Mutual  Benefit,  Miss  M.  Ed- 
wards; Visiting,  Mrs.  M.  Appleby;  Social,  Mrs. 
G.  E.  Gillies;  Membership,  Miss  W.  Neen;  Re- 
freshment, Miss  S.  McDiarmid;  Program,  Mrs. 
R.  Stevens;   Rep.  to  Press,  Miss  M.  Mcdonnell. 

A. A.,    Royal    Jubilee    Hospital,    Victoria 

President,  Mrs.  D.  J.  Hunter;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Mrs.  D.  MacLoud ;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  R.  Kirk- 
endale:  Sec,  Mrs.  J.  A.  McCague,  3106  Glas- 
gow Ave.,;  Assist.  Sec.  Miss  M.  Bawden;  Treas. 
Mrs.  Jack  Boorman.  2957  Foul  Bay  ^d. ;  Com- 
mittee Conveners :  Visiting.  Mrs.  F.  Hall ;  Mem- 
bership, Mrs.  J.  Boorman ;  Rep.  to  Press,  Miss 
D.  Van. 

A. A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    Victoria 

Hon.  Pres..  Sr.  M.  Kathleen ;  Hon.  Vice-Pres.. 
Sr.  M.  Gregorj-;  Pres.,  Mrs.  H.  E.  Ridewood ; 
First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  Maltman;  Sec.  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  H.  Cruickshanks ;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  J.  Dengler; 
Corr.  Sec,  Miss  J.  Johnson,  1058  Pentrelew 
Place;  Treas.,  Miss  B.  McKinnon ;  Press,  Mrs. 
G.  Rose:  Councillors:  Mmes  Bryant,  Lewis, 
Sinclair,   Welch. 

MANITOBA 

A. A.,   St.   Boniface   Hospital,   St.   Boniface 

Hon.  Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  Superior;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Mrs.  W.  Crosby:  Pres.,  Mrs.  W.  McEl- 
heran;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  S.  Wright;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  W.  Grice;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  H. 
Fairbalm;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  D.  Webster,  18i 
River  Ave.,  Winnipeg;  Treas.,  Miss  H.  Oliver; 
Archivist,  Miss  Margason;  Advisory  Committee: 
Miss  MacCaUum,  Mmes  McEIheran.  Greville, 
Groelle,  L'Eucyer.  Rev.  Sr.  Superior;  Conveners: 
Visiting,  Miss  Johnson;  Social  &  Program,  Miss 
Rungay;  Membership,  Miss  Vandecar;  Reps,  to 
The    Canadian   Nurse,    Miss    Watson:    M.A.R.N., 


Miss   Troendle;    Man.   Directory,   Mrs.    Shinmow- 
ski ;    Local   Council   of   Women,   Mrs.   Shankman. 

A. A.,    Children's     Hospital,    Winnipeg 

Pres..  Mrs.  F.  Prest:  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  A.  Rob- 
son  :  Sec.  Miss  E.  Hyndman ;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss 
Marion  Reid.  129  Home  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  B. 
Thain :  Committee  Conveners:  Program,  Miss  E. 
.Young:  Visitinq,  Mrs.  Campbell;  Red  Cross.  Mrs. 
McDonald. 


A. A.,    Winnipeg    General    Hospital.    Winnipeg 

Hon.  Pres.,  Mrs.  A.  W.  Moody;  Pres.,  Miss 
C.  Lethbridge;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  K.  Mc- 
Learn;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.  Miss  E.  Wilson;  Third 
Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  S.  Ward;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  J. 
Smith;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  A.  Rol)ertson,  112 
Royal  St. ;  Treas.,  Miss  F.  Stratton ;  Committee 
Conveners:  Program,  Mrs.  C.  Kershaw;  Member- 
ship, Miss  A.  Porter;  Visiting,  Miss  G.  Mc- 
Keevor;  Journal,  Mrs.  S.  G.  Horner;  Archivist, 
Miss  M.  Stewart;  Jubilee,  Miss  P.  Bonnar;  Reps. 
to:  School  of  Nursing  Committee,  Miss  G.  Hall; 
The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  H.  Smith;  Doctors  & 
Nurses  Directory,  Miss  A.  Howard;  Local  Council 
of  Women;  Mines  Thomas,  Randall;  Council  of 
Social  Agencies,  Mrs.   A.   Speirs. 


NEW  BRUNSWICK 

A. A.,  Saint  John  General   Hospital,   Saint   John 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  J.  Mitchell;  Pres.,  Miss 
G.  Brown;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  H.  L.  Ellis; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  S.  Hartley;  Sec,  Miss  F. 
Congdon.  S.J.G.H.;  Treas.,  Miss  H.  Tracy, 
S.J.G.H. ;  Assist.  Treas.,  Miss  R.  Wilson;  Exe- 
cntive:  Misses  M.  Murdoch,  P.  White,  B.  Bain, 
Mrs.  J.  Wilson. 

A. A.,   L.    P.    Fisher    Memorial    Hospital,    Woodstock 

President,  Mrs.  Hebec  Inghram ;  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Mrs.  Wendall  Slipp,  Chapel  Street;  Se- 
cretary-. Mrs.  Arthur  Peabody;  Treasurer,  Miss 
Nellie  Wallace;  Executive  Committee:  Miss  Mar- 
garet Parker,  Miss  Evelyn  Briggs,  Miss  Mabel 
Howe. 

NOVA    SCOTIA 

A.A.,    Glace   Bay   General    Hospital,   Glace    Bay 

Pres.,  Mrs.  C.  MacPherson ;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  K.  Davidson;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  F.  Mac- 
Kinnon; Rec.  Sec,  Mrs.  W.  Bishop;  Corr.  Sec, 
Miss  Flora  Anderson,  General  Hospital ;  Treas., 
Mrs.  John  Kerr;  Visiting  Committee:  Mrs.  G. 
Turner,   Mrs.   L.  Buffett, 

A.A  ,    Halifax    Infirmary,    Halifax 

Pres..  Miss  Dorothy  Turner;  Vice-Pres.,  Mlaj 
Rita  Maclnnes;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  Elisabeth  Mac- 
Dougall;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  Loretta  Pertus,  111% 
.Morris  St.;  Treas..  Miss  Gertrude  Shortall; 
Committee  Conveners:  Visiting,  Miss  Eisen- 
hauer:  Entertainment,  Miss  Mary  Ready;  Press, 
Miss  Margaret  Grant;  Librarian,  Miss  Shofer; 
Nominating,  Mrs.   Power. 

A. A.,     Victoria     General     Hospital,     Halifax 

Pres..  Miss  Agnes  Cox.  Tuberculosis  Hospi- 
tal; Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  E.  MacQuade;  Sec,  Miss 
Grace  Porter,  267  South  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  Helen 
Joncas,  Victoria  General  Hospital:  Committee 
Conveners:  Entertainment,  Misses  M.  Ripley,  A. 
Power;  Refreshments,  Mrs.  Cullen.  Miss  Ger- 
raise;  Visiting,  Misses  G.  Byers,  H.  Watson; 
Private    Duty,    Miss    Isobel    Macintosh. 


970 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


ONTARIO 

A. A.,     Belleville     General     Hospital,     Belleville 

Pres.,  Mrs.  D.  Howie;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M. 
Johnston ;  Sec,  Miss  R.  Windsor,  181  Charles 
St. ;  Treas.,  Miss  K.  Brickman ;  Committee  Con- 
veners: Flower  &  Gift,  Miss  D.  Hogle;  Program, 
Miss  M.  Duncan;  Social,  Miss  G.  Donnelly; 
Registry  Board,  Miss  N.  Bush ;  Dr.  Connor 
Memorial  Ward,  Miss  B.  Soutar;  Rep.  to  Press 
&  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  E.  Meeks. 

A. A.,     Brantford     General      Hospital,     Brantford 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  M.  McKee;  Pres.,  Mrs.  G. 
A.  Grierson;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  H.  Cuff;  Sec, 
Miss  I.  Feely,  B.G.H.;  Treas.,  Miss  L.  Burtch; 
Committee  Conveners:  Social:  Mines  G.  Thomp- 
son, L.  Sturgeon;  Flower:  Misses  N.  Yardley,  R. 
Moffat;  Gift:  Misses  K.  Charnley,  V.  Buckwell; 
Reps,  to:  General  Nursing  Section,  Miss  D. 
Rashleigh ;  Red  Cross,  Miss  O.  Gowman ;  Local 
Council  of  Women:  Mnies  G.  Barber,  R.  Smith, 
Miss  P.  Cole;  The  Canadian  Nurse  &  Press,  Miss 
M.   Copeland. 

A. A.,    Brockville    General    Hospital,    Brockville 

Hon.  Presidents,  Misses  A.  Shannette.  E. 
Moffatt;  Pres..  Mrs.  M.  White;  First  Vice-Pres.. 
Mrs.  W.  Cooke;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  L.  Merkley; 
Sec,  Miss  H.  Corbett.  127  Pearl  St.  E.:  Ass. 
Sec,  Mrs.  E.  Finlay;  Treas.,  Mrs.  H.  Van  Dusen; 
Committee  Conveners:  Social,  Mrs.  H.  Green; 
Flower,  Miss  Kendrick;  Program,  Mrs.  Derry; 
Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Corbett. 

A. A.,  Public  General  Hospital,  Chatham 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  P.  Campbell:  Pres.,  Miss  L. 
Hastings;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  F.  Arm.strong; 
Rec  Sec,  Miss  V.  Carnes;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  M. 
Gilbert.  104  Harvey  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  J.  Rickard; 
Committees:  Flowers:  Miss  Malott;  Social:  Miss 
Purcell,  Mrs.  Goldrick;  Refreshments:  Mrs. 
Bourne,  Miss  Houston ;  Councillors :  Misses  Head, 
Dyer.  Baird.  McNaughton;  Reps,  to  Press:  Miss 
Patterson;  The  Canadian  Nurse:  Miss  L.  Smyth. 

A.A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospiul,    Chatham 

Hon.  Pres.,  Mother  M.  Pascal;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres..  Sister  M.  St.  Anthony;  President,  Miss 
Hazel  Gray:  First  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  A.  E.  Ro- 
berts: Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  May  Boyle;  Secre- 
tary-Treasurer. Miss  Mary-Clare  Zink,  4  Robert- 
son Ave.:  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  Anne  Kenny;  Repre- 
sentative to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Mi"'**  Ursula 
O'Neill. 

A.A.,   Cornwall   General   Hospital,   Cornwall 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  H.  C.  Wilson;  Pres.,  Mrs.  M. 
Quail:  First  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  F.  Gunther;  Sec 
Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  E.  Wagoner;  Sec-Treas.,  Miss 
E.  Allen,  4-3rd  St.  E. ;  Committee  Conveners: 
Program  &  Social  Finance:  Misses  Summers 
Sharpe;  Flower,  Miss  E.  Mclntyre;  Membership, 
Miss  G.  Rowe;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss 
J.    McBain. 


A.A.,     Gait     Hospital,     Gait 

President,  Mrs.  E.  D.  Scott;  Vice-President, 
Miss  Hazel  Blagden;  Secretary,  Mrs.  A.  Bond, 
General  Hospital;  Treasurer.  Mrs.  W.  Bell;  Com 
mittee  Conveners:  Social,  Miss  Claire  Murphy; 
Flower,  Miss  L.  MacNalr;  Press,  Mrs.  J.  M. 
Byrne. 

A.A.,  Guelph  General  Hospital,  Guelph 

Honourary  President,  Miss  S.  A.  Campbell; 
Presiden-t,  Miss  L.  Ferguson;  First  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Mrs.  F.  C.  McLeod;  Secretary,  Miss  Mary 
R.  Upward,  General  Hospital;  Treasurer,  Miss 
A.   Armstrong. 


A. A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    Guelph 

Hon.  Pres..  Sr.  M.  Augustine;  Hon.  Vice-Pres., 
Sr.  M.  Dominica;  Pres.,  Miss  Doris  Milton;  Vice- 
Pres.,  Miss  Eva  Murphy;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss  Hen- 
rietta McGillivary;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  Mary  Heffer- 
nan,  121  Duflin  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  Hazel  Harding; 
Social  Convener,  Miss  Marian  Meagher;  Rep. 
to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  M.  Heffernan. 

A.A.,  Hamilton  General  Hospital,  Hamilton 

Hon.  President,  Miss  C.  E.  Brewster;  Presi 
dent.  Miss  M.  O.  Watson;  First  Vice-President 
Miss  M.  Watt;  Second  Vice-President.  Miss  N 
Coles;  Recording  Secretary,  Mrs.  H.  Roy;  Cor 
responding  Secretary,  Miss  E.  Ferguson,  Ha 
milton  General  Hospital;  Treasurer,  Mrs.  W 
N.  Paterson.  114  Traymore  St.;  Secretary-Treas 
urer.  Mutual  Benefit  Association,  Miss  H.  Sa 
bine,  132  Ontario  Ave.;  Committee  Conveners 
Executive,  Miss  E.  Bingeman ;  Social,  Miss  H.  G 
McCulloch;  Flowers,  Miss  G.  Servos;  Budget 
Mrs.   H.  Roy. 

A. A.,    St.    Joseph's    Hospital,    Hamilton 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sr.  M.  Alphonsa;  Hon.  Vice-Pres. 
Sr.  M.  Grace;  Pres.,  Miss  Iva  Loyst;  Vice-Pres. 
Miss  G.  Neal;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  F.  Nicholson; 
Corr.  Sec,  Miss  E.  Moran,  95  Victoria  Ave.  S.; 
Treas.,  Miss  L.  Curry:  Representatives  to:  R.N.- 
A.O.,  Miss  A.  Williams,  515  Dundurn  St.  S.; 
The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Leona  Johnson, 
S.J.H. 

A.A.,   Hotel'Dieu,   Kingston 

Hon.  Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  Rouble;  Hon.  Vice-Pres 
Mrs.  Elder;  Pres.,  Mrs.  J.  Hickey;  First  Vice- 
Pres.,  Mrs.  I.  Fallon;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.  Mrs.  C. 
Keller;  Sec,  Miss  M.  Flood  380  Brock  St.;  Treas., 
Mrs.  M.  Heagle;  Committees:  Executive:  Mmes 
Lawler,  Ahem,  Carey,  Miss  McGarry;  Visiting: 
Misses  Murray,  Oswald;  Social:  Misses  Cotty 
Collins;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse  Miss  M. 
Catlin. 

A. A.,    Kingston    General     Hospital,    Kingston 

Hon.  President,  Miss  L.  D.  Acton;  President, 
Mrs.  F.  W.  Atack,  Centre  St.;  First  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Mrs.  Graham  Campbell;  Sec.  Vice-President, 
Miss  E.  Freeman;  Secretary,  Mrs.  Chas.  Ryder, 
811  Johnson  St.;  Treasurer,  Mrs.  C.  W.  Mallory, 
176  Alfred  St.;  Assist.  Treas.,  Miss  P.  Timmer- 
man:    Press   Representative,   Miss   Mae   Porter. 

A. A.,     Kitchener    and     Waterloo    General     Hospital, 
Kitchener 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  K.  W.  Scott;  Pres.,  Mrs.  H. 
Christner;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  G.  Cornwall; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  E.  Carey;  Sec.  Miss  0. 
Daitz,  K.  &  W.  Hospital:  Treas.,  Miss  E.  Jant- 
zen;  Committee  Conveners:  Program,  Miss  M. 
McManus;  Lunch,  Mrs.  R.  Hodd;  Flowers:  Misses 
M.  McManus,  M.  McLean;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian 
Nurse,  Miss  A.  Leslie. 

A.  A.,    St.    Mary's    Hospital,    Kitchener 

Hon.  Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Gerard;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  M.  Geraldine:  Pres.,  Miss  Millie 
A.  G.  Brand;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Jean  Pickard; 
Rec.  Sec,  Miss  Melva  Lapsley;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss 
Marie  A.  Lorentz,  92  Victoria  St.  S.,  Waterloo; 
Treas.,  Miss  Beatrice  Hertel. 


A. A.,    Ross    Niemoriat    Hospital,    Lindsay 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  S.  Reid;  Pres.,  Miss  C. 
Fallis;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  G.  Lehigh;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  D.  Wilson;  Sec,  Miss  H.  Hop- 
kins R.M.H.:  Treas.,  Miss  A.  Webber;  Com- 
mittee Conveners:  Program.  Miss  V.  Picklns; 
Refreshments,    Miss    D.    Currins;    Flower,    Mrs. 


OFFICIAL    DIRECTORY 


971 


M.    I.    Thurston;     Red    Cross    Supply,    ^fiss    A. 
Flett;  Rep.  to  Press,  Miss  G.  McMillan. 

A.A.,  Ontario  Hospital,  London 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  F.  M.  Thomas;  Pres.,  Mrs.  F. 
Cline;  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  K.  Schlimnie.  Miss  N. 
Stewart;  Sec,  Mrs.  M.  Millen,  398  Spruce  St.; 
Ass.  Sec,  Mrs.  E.  Stutt;  Treas.,  Miss  N.  Wil- 
liams; Committee  Conveners:  Flower,  Mrs.  E. 
Grosvener;  Social,  Misses  L.  Steele,  V.  Johnson; 
Social  Service,  Miss  F.  Stevenson ;  Parcels  for 
Armed  Forces,  Miss  N.  Williams;  Publications, 
Mrs.  P.   Robb. 


A.A.,    St.    Joseph'*    Hospital,    London 

Hon.  Pres.,  Mother  M.  Theodore;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Sister  M.  Ruth;  Pres.,  Miss  I.  Griffin; 
First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Russell;  Sec  Vice- 
Pres.,  Miss  A.  Kellv;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  M.  Best, 
579  Waterloo  St.;  Rec  Sec,  Miss  B.  Crawford; 
Treas.,  Miss  A.  Schweitzer;  Committee  Con- 
veners: Social:  Misses  M.  Ings,  M.  Kelly;  Fi- 
nance: Misses  M.  Etue.  0.  O'Neil;  Reps,  to  Re- 
gistry: Misses  M.  Baker,  E.  Beger;  Press,  Miss 
M.  Regan. 


A. A.,  Victoria  Hospital,  London 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  H.  M.  Stuart;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Mrs.  A.  E.  Silverwood;  Pres.,  Miss  G. 
Erskine;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Stevenson; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  A.  Mallock;  Rec.  Sec, 
Miss  A.  Versteeg;  Corr.  Sec,  Mrs.  M.  Ripley. 
422  Central  Ave.;  Treas..  Miss  E.  O'Rourke,  188 
Colbourne  St.;  Publications:  Misses  L.  MacGu- 
gan,  E.  Stephens. 


A. A.,  Niagara  Falls  General  Hospital,  Niagara  Falls 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  M.  Parks;  Pres.,  Mrs.  D. 
Mylchreest;  Hon.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  M.  Buchanan; 
First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  R.  Livingstone:  Sec.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Miss  D.  Scott;  Sec,  Mrs.  E.  Robins,  2432 
Ker  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  M.  Cooley.  730-4th  Ave.; 
Committees:  Visiting.  Miss  R.  Wilkinson;  Edu- 
cational, Miss  J.  McNally;  Membership,  Miss  V. 
Wigley;  Reps,  to:  The  Canadian  Nurse  & 
R.N.A.O.,  Miss  I.  Hammond;  Press,  Mrs.  Ef- 
ferick. 

\.A.,    Orillia    Soldiers'     Memorial    Hospital,    Orillia 

Honourary  Presidents,  Miss  E.  Johnston,  Miss 
0.  Waterman;  President.  Mrs.  H.  Hannaford; 
Vice-Presidents,  Miss  C.  Buie.  Miss  M.  MacLel- 
tand;  Treasurer.  Miss  L.  V.  MacKenzie,  21  Wil- 
liam St.;  Secretary,  Miss  Muriel  Givens,  23  Albert 
St.;  Directors:  Misses  S.  Dudenhoffer,  B.  McFad- 
den,  G.  Adams;  Auditors:  Miss  F.  Robertson. 
Mrs.   H.   Burnet. 

A. A.,  Oshawa  General  Hospital,  Oshawa 

Hon.  Presidents.  Misses  E.  MacWilliams,  B. 
Bell,  E.  Stuart;  Pres.,  Miss  M.  G/een;  First 
Vice-Pres..  Miss  P.  Richardson;  Sec.  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  M.  Gibson:  Sec,  Miss  M.  Anderson;  Corr. 
Sec,  Miss  L.  McKnight,  39  Elgin  St.  E.;  Treas., 
Miss  A.  Knott;  Committee  Conveners:  Program, 
Miss  H.  Trew,  Socio/,  Miss  D.  Brown;  Rep.  to 
The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  W.  Werry. 

A. A.,    Lady   Stanley   Institute    (Incorporated    1918) 
Ottawa 

Hon.  Pres.,  Mrs.  W.  S.  Lyman:  Pres.,  Mrs. 
W.  E.  Caven;  Vice-Pres..  Miss  G.  Halpenny; 
Sec,  Miss  M.  McNee,  152-lst  Ave.;  Treas..  Mrs. 
G.  C.  Bennett,  31  Euclid  Ave.;  Board  of  Direc- 
tors: Mrs.  Waddell,  Misses  McNiece,  McGibbon, 
Flack;  Flower  Convener,  Miss  E.  Booth;  Reps. 
to:  Press,  Miss  G.  Halpenny;  Registry:  Misses 
M.  Slinn,  E.  Curry;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Mrs. 
V.   Boles. 


A.A.,    Ottawa    Civic    Hospital,    Otuwa 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  G.  M.  Bennett;  Pres.,  Miss  D. 
Ogilvie;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  L.  Gourlay;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  G.  Ferguson ;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss 
G.  Wilson;  Corr.  Sec.  &  Press,  Miss  M.  Tullls 
O.C.H.;  Treas.,  Miss  D.  Johnston,  98  Holland 
Ave.;  Councillors:  Mmes  M.  Johnston.  H.  Kidd, 
G.  Dunning,  E.  Haines,  Misses  Fleiger,  H.  Wil- 
son; Committee  Conveners:  Flower,  Miss  H. 
King;  Visiting,  Miss  Joyce;  Reps,  to:  Central 
Registry,  Misses  R.  Alexander,  O.  Bradley,  E. 
Graydon,   C.    McLeod. 

A. A.,  Onawa  General  Hospiul,  Otuwa 

Hon.  President,  Rev.  Sr.  Flavie  Domitille;  Hon. 
Vice.-Pres.,  Rev.  Sr.  Helen  of  Rome;  Pres.,  Miss 
Viola  Foran;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Alice  Proulx; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Rose  Therien ;  Secretary- 
Treasurer.  Miss  Lucille  Brule,  95  Glen  Atc.; 
Membership  Secretary,  Miss  Florence  Lepine; 
Councillors:  Mmes  E.  Viau,  L.  Dunn,  Misses  E. 
Byrne,  M.  Prindeville,  J.  Larochelle. 


A. A.,    St.    Luke's    Hospital,    Ottawa 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  Maxwell.  O.B.E. :  Pres, 
Mrs.  W.  H.  Johnston;  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  J.  Prit- 
chard;  Sec,  Mrs.  J.  Hall,  17  Openago  Rd.; 
Treas.,  Mrs.  J.  W.  Shore;  Committees:  Flowers: 
Misses  Lewis,  Craig:  Refreshments:  Misses  Nel- 
son, Allen;  Reps,  to:  Central  Registry:  Mrs. 
Brown.  Miss  Heron ;  Local  Council  of  Women, 
Mrs.  Mothersill;  Press,  Miss  Johnston. 


A. A.,    Owen    Sound    General    and    Marine    Hospital, 
Owen    Sound 

Honourary  Presidents,  Miss  E.  Webster,  Mls» 
R.  Brown;  President,  Miss  C.  MacKeen;  First 
Vice-Presifiptit.  Miss  V.  Reid;  Secretary-Treas- 
urer, Mrs.  Ralph  Snelgrove,  750  Second  Avenue, 
West;  Representative  to  R.N.A.O.,  Miss  P. 
Ellis. 


A.A.,   Nicholls  Hospital,   Peterborough 

Hon.  Pres.,  Mrs.  E.  M.  Leeson,  Miss  E.  G. 
Young;  Pres..  Miss  Lottie  Ball;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  D.  E.  MacBuen;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  J. 
Preston;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  Florence  Scott;  Corr. 
Sec.  Miss  A.  MacKenzie,  758  George  St.;  Treas.,. 
Miss  Isobel  King,  210  Antrim  St.;  Social  Con- 
veners: Mrs.  V.  Janeway,  Miss  S.  TrottejS; 
Flower  Convener,  Miss   Mae  Stone. 

A.A.,     St.     Joseph's     Hospital,     Port     Arthur 

Honourary  President.  Rev.  Mother  Camillua; 
Honourarj'  Vice-President.  Rev.  Sister  Sheila: 
President,  Mrs.  Jack  Tiskey;  Vice-President 
Miss  Cecila  Kelly;  Secretary,  Mrs.  Jack  Weir, 
419  Ambrose  St.;  Treasurer,  Miss  Millie  Reid; 
Executive:  Misses  Aili  Johnson,  Lucy  Miocich 
Olive  Thompson,  Isabel  Hamer,  Mrs.  W.  Geddes' 

A.A.,  Sarnia   General   Hospiul,  Sarnia 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  Shaw;  Pres.,  Miss  M.  Thomp- 
son: Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  V.  Galloway;  Sec,  Miss 
F.  Morrison,  138%  N.  Front  St.;  Treas.,  Miss  I. 
Dunford;  Committee  Conveners:  Social,  Miss 
Revington;  Program,  Miss  Bloomfleld;  Flower 
&  Visiting,  Miss  Calms;  Alumnae  Room,  Miss 
Shaw;  Nominating,  Miss  Siegrlst;  Rep.  to:  The 
Canadian  Nurse  &  Press,  Mrs.  M.  Elrick. 

A.A.,     Stratford     General     Hospital,     Stratford 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  A.  M.  Munn;   Pres.,  Miss  E 
Howald,    General    Hospital;    Vice-Pres..   Miss   M* 


972 


THE     CANADIAN    NURSE 


Muir:  Sec,  Mrs.  G.  M.  Peter,  fi.")  Front  St.; 
Treas.,  Miss  B.  Williams.  General  Hospital;  Com- 
mittee ('(ynveiiers;  Social:  Miss  E.  Doupe  'con- 
vener). Misses  H.  Prouse,  J.  Watson,  J.  Mac- 
Leod;   Flowt-r   &    (i'.ft.    Miss    A.    Ballantyne. 


Hill;  Entertainment  Convener,  Mrs.  J.  Shapley; 
Program  Convener,  Miss  M.  Kelly;  Representa- 
tive  to  R.N.A.O.,  Miss   C.   Knaggs. 


A. A.,     Mack    Training    Scliool,    St.     Catharines 

Pres.,  Miss  E.  Buchanan;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  R.  Fowler;  Sec,  Miss  W.  Sayers,  General 
Hospital;  Treas.,  Miss  E.  Dougher;  Conveners: 
Proffiam,  Miss  J.  Turner;  Social,  Mrs.  Zaritsky; 
Flower,  Miss  L.  Koltmeier;  Visiti7ig,  Miss  S. 
Murray;  Advisory  Committee:  Mines  J.  Parnell, 
C.  Hesburn;  Press.  Miss  H.  Brown;  Rep.  to  The 
CaH«rf,Vni    yurse,    Miss    M.    Moulton. 


A. A.,    St.    Thomas   Memorial    Hospital,   St.   Thom«i 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  J.  M.  WMlson ;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  Miss  F.  Kudoha;  Pres.,  Miss  E.  Stoddern; 
First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  E.  Ray;  Sec,  Mrs.  B. 
Davidson;  Corn  Sec.  Miss  E.  Dodds.  33  Welling- 
ton St.;  Treas.  Miss  P.  Howell;  Committee 
Conveners:  Social,  Miss  A.  Claypole;  Flower, 
Miss  M.  Broadley;  Ways  &  Means.  Miss  A. 
Fryer;  Reps,  to  R.N.A.O.,  Miss  B.  McGee:  Preat, 
Miss  E.  Jewell. 


A. A.,    The    Grant    Macdonald    Training    Schoot. 
for   Nurses,   Toronto 

Honeurary  President,  Miss  Pearl  Morrison; 
President.  Mrs.   E.  Jacques;   Vice-President,   Mi.s.« 

A.  Lendruni;  Recording  Secretary,  Mrs.  M. 
Smith,  130  Dunn  Avenue;  Corresponding  Secre- 
tary, Miss  I.  Lucas.  LSO  Dunn  Avenue;  Treas- 
urer,   Miss   Maud    Zufelt;    Social  Convener,   Miss 

B.  Langdon. 

A. A.,    Hospital    for   Sick   Children,    Toronto 

Pres..  Mrs.  D.  E.  MacKenzie;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Mrs.  W.  S.  Keith;  Sec.  Vice-Pres..  Miss  M. 
Mclnnis;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  H.  Booth:  Corr.  Sec. 
Mrs.  W.  Ritchie.  35  Colin  Ave.;  Treas..  Misa 
F.    Watson.    H.S.C. 


A. A.,    St.    Michael's    Hospital,    Toronto 


Hon.  Pres.,  Sr.  Mary  of  the  Nativity;  Hon. 
Vice-Pres..  Sr.  M.  Kathleen;  Pres..  Miss  D. 
.Murphy;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  M.  Stone;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Miss  K.  Boyle;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  M. 
McRae;  Corr.  Sec,  Mrs.  M.  Benny,  2510  Bloor 
St.  W.,  Apt.  1;  Treas.,  Miss  K.  Meagher;  Couit- 
cillors:  Misses  M.  Hughes,  E.  Crocker,  K.  Ham- 
mil;  Committee  Conveners:  Press,  Miss  H.  Ca- 
vanagh;  Mag.  Editor,  Miss  M.  Crowley;  Assoc. 
Membership,  Mrs.  R.  Slrngerland;  Reps,  to:  Hos- 
pital &  School  of  Nursing  Section,  Miss  G.  Mur- 
phy; Public  Health  Section,  Miss  M.  Tisdale; 
Local  Council  of  Women,  Mrs.  T.  Scully. 


A. A.,    School    of    Nursing,    University    of    Toronto, 
Toronto 


Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  K.  Russell;  Hon.  Vice-Pres.. 
Miss  F.  H.  Emory;  Pres.,  Miss  M.  Macfarland; 
First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  J.  Leask;  Sec.  Vice-Pres. 
Miss  E.  Cryderman;  Sec,  Miss  M.  Nicol,  226  St. 
George  St.;  Treas..  Mi.ss  E.  J.  Davidson;  Con- 
veners: Membership,  Mrs.  M.  McCutcheon;  En- 
doument  Fund,  Miss  E.  Eraser;  Program,  Miss 
J.    Wilson;    Social,   Miss   B.   Ross. 


A. A.,   Toronto   General    Hospital,   Toronto 


Pres.,  Miss  Ethel  Cryderman ;  First  Vice-Pres. 
Miss  Marion  Stewart;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  R.  F. 
Chisholm;  Sec-Treas.,  Miss  Leslie  Shearer,  5 
High  Park  Ave.;  Councillors:  Misses  C.  Wallace. 
E.  Graham,  E.  Clancey,  Mrs.  J.  B.  Wadland; 
Committee  Conveners:  Archives,  Miss  J.  M. 
Kniseley;  Flower,  Mrs.  J.  B.  Wadland;  Social, 
Miss  F.  Chantler;  Program,  Miss  S.  Sewell; 
Gift,  Miss  M.  Fry;  Scholarship,  Miss  G.  Lovell; 
"The  Quarterly",  Mrs.   H.  E.  Wallace. 


A. A.,    Riverdale    Hospital,    Toronto 

Pres..  Mrs.  S.  J.  Hubbert;  First  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  A.  Armstrong;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M. 
Thompson;  Sec,  Mrs.  H.  E.  Radford.  8  Neville 
Pk.  Blvd.;  Treas..  Mrs.  T.  Fairbaim;  Conveners: 
Program,  Miss  Mathieson;  Visiting:  Mrs.  Spree- 
man.  >riss  M.  Thompson;  Reps,  to:  Press  &  Pub- 
lication, Miss  J.  Forbes;  R.N.A.O.,  Miss  O. 
Gerber;    The   Canadian   Nurse,   Miss    Armstrong. 


A. A.,    Training   School    for   Nurses    of   the    Toronto 

East    General    Hospital    with    which    is    incorporated 

the    Toronto    Orthopedic    Hospital,    Toronto 

Honeurary  President,  Miss  Ella  MacLean; 
President.  Miss  Margaret  Purvis;  Secretary, 
Miss  D.  Jean  Smith.  64  Hewitt  Avenue,  Toron- 
to; Treasurer.  Miss  Dorothy  Golden. 


A.A.,    St.   John's    Hospital,   Toronto 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sr.  Beatrice;  Pres.,  Miss  M.  Mar- 
tin; First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  D.  Whiting;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres..  Miss  M.  Creighton;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss 
M.  Anderson;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  M.  Riches,  St. 
John's  Convalescent  Hospital;  Treas.,  Miss  A. 
Greenwood;  Entertainment  Convener,  Miss  R. 
Ramsden ;  Visiting  Convener,  Miss  L.  Richard- 
son :   Rep.  to  Press,  Miss  E.  Price. 


A. A.,    Toronto    Western    Hospital,    Toronto 

Hon.  Presidents,  Miss  B.  Ellis,  Mrs.  C.  J. 
Currie;  President,  Mrs.  Douglas  Chant;  Vic«- 
President,  Miss  Mae  Palk;  Corresponding  Secret- 
ary, Miss  Isabel  Kee,  Nurses  Residence,  T.W.H.; 
Recording  Secretary,  Mrs.  Fooks;  Treasurer,  Mln 
Benita  Post,  Western  Hospital;  Representative 
to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  Elizabeth  Westren. 


A. A.,   St.   Joseph's   Hospittl,   Toronto 

Pres..  Miss  T.  Hushin;  First  Vice-Pres..  Miss 
M.  Goodfrlend;  Sec  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  V.  Smith; 
Rec.  Sec.  Miss  M.  Donovan;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss 
M.  T.  Caden,  474  Vaugban  Rd.;  Treas.,  Miss  L. 


A. A.,   Wellesley   Hospital,   Toronto 


Hon.   Pres..   Miss   E.   K.  Jones;   Pres.,  Miss  J. 
Harris;    First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Stanton:   Sec. 


OFflCIAL    DIRECTORS' 


97a 


Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Johnston;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss 
G.  Schwindt;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  M.  Russell.  4 
Thurloe  Ave.:  Treas.,  Miss  J.  Brown;  Treas. 
Sirk  Fund,  Miss  D.  Good;  General  Committee: 
Misses  E.  Cowan,  J.  Hayden,  B.  Calvert,  J. 
Laird.   H.   Wark,   G.   Bolton,   Mrs.   Reeve. 


M.  Stewart.  865  Richmond  Sq.:  Treas.  Mrs.  SL  I. 
Warren;  Conveners:  Sick  Benefit,  Mrs.  War- 
ren; Visiting:  Misses  Campbell.  Currie;  Pro- 
gram, Miss  Macdonald;  Refreshment.  Miss  Per- 
ron; General  Nrirsing  Section:  Misses  Allnutt, 
Snas.lell-Tavlor. 


A. A..    VC'omen's    College    Hospital,    Toronto 

Honourary  President,  Mrs.  Bowman;  Honourai7 
Vice-President,  Miss  H.  T.  Meiklejohn;  IMesI 
dent.  Mrs.  S.  Hall.  868  Manning  Ave.  ; 
Recording  Secretary,  Miss  Isabel  Hall.  Women'* 
College  Hospital;  Treasurer,  Miss  W.  Worth, 
93  Scarbora  Beach  Blvd.;  Repi-esentative  to 
The   Canadian   Nurse.   Miss   Mary   Chalk. 


A. A.,    Ontario    Hospital,    New    Toronto 


A. A,     Lachinc     General     Hospital.     Lachtne 


Honourar>'  President.  Miss  L.  M.  Brown: 
I'resident.  Miss  Ruby  Goodfellow:  Vice.-Presi- 
dent.  Miss  Myrtle  Gleason :  SecretaiT  Treasurer. 
Mrs.  Byrtha  Jobber,  6n-3i.«t  Ave..  Dixie — La- 
chlne;  General  ywsing  Representative.  Nfi.ss 
Ruby  Goodfellow;  Executive  Committee:  Mrs. 
Barlow,   Mrs.   Gaw.   Miss   Dewar. 


Hon.  Pres..  Miss  E.  Rothery,  Mrs.  C.  Brock; 
Pres..  Miss  L.  Sinclair:  First  Vice-Pres.  Miss 
M.  Wrijrht;  Rec.  Sec,  Miss  E.  McCalpin;  Corr. 
Sec.  Miss  E.  Greenslade,  Ontario  Hospital; 
Treas.,  Miss  V.  Dod.i;  Committee  Converters: 
Program,  Miss  B.  Thompson:  Social,  Miss  A. 
McArthur:  Visit'ng  &  Flower.  Miss  G.  Raid; 
Rep.  to  The  Canadian  Nurse.  Miss  D.   Wylie. 


A.A.,  Grace  Hospital,  Windsor 
President,  Mrs.  Wallace  Townsend;  N'ice-Pres- 
ident.  Miss  Audrey  Holmes;  Secretary.  Miss 
Louise  Corcoran.  4.3.5  Pitt  Street.  West:  Treas- 
urer. Mrs.  A.  Shea;  Echoes'  Editor,  Adjutant 
G.    Barker. 


A. A..    Hotel-Dieu    Hospital.    Windsor 


Hon.  Past  Pres..  Sr.  Marie  de  la  Ferre:  Hon. 
Pres..  Rev.  M.  Claire  Maitre;  Pres.,  Miss  J. 
Byrne:  First  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  J.  Pratt:  Sec. 
Vice-Pres..  Miss  M.  McKinlev:  Sec,  Miss  M. 
Beaton.  1.512  Goyeau  St.;  Corn  Sec.  Sr.  M.  Rov, 
Hotel-Dieu:  Treas..  Miss  M.  Lawson,  1.529  Vic- 
toria .Ave.:  J^isitinrj  Committee :  Misses  M.  May. 
G.    Helmer. 


A. A.,   General   Hospital,   Woodstock 

Pres..  Miss  Mary  Matheson;  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs. 
Jack  Town ;  Sec,  Miss  A.  Aitcheson ;  Ass.  Sec, 
Miss  M.  I.  Matheson:  Treas..  Miss  A.  Amnit: 
Ass.  Treas..  Miss  K.  Mahon ;  Corr.  Sec.  Miss  E. 
Rickard.  211  Wellington  St.;  Committee  Conve- 
ners: Flov.ers  &  Gifts:  Misses  M.  Hodjrins.  N. 
Smith;  Program,  Miss  M.  Gillespie;  Social,  Mrs. 
King;   Rep.  to  Press,  Miss  B.  Calvert. 


QUEBEC 


A.A.,    Children's    Memorial    Hospital,   Montreal 

Hon.  Presidents,  Misses  A.  S.  Kinder.  E. 
Alexander;  Pres..  Miss  H.  Nuftall;  Vice-Pres., 
Miss  M.  Robinson :  Sec,  Miss  Rose  Wilkinson, 
Children's  Memorial  Hospital:  Treas.,  Miss  R. 
Allison :  Social  Convener,  Mi.ss  A.  Cameron ; 
Representatives  to:  Private  Duty  Section,  Miss 
V.   Ford:   The  Canadian   Nur.se,  Miss  M.  Collins. 


L'Association    des    Gardes-Malades    Dtplotnees, 
Hopital    Notre-Datne,    Montreal 

Hon.  Pres..  Rpv.  ?r.  Papineau;  Hon.  Vice- 
Pres.,  R^v.  Sr.  Dreary;  Pres.,  Mile  Eva  M^rizzi; 
First  Vice-Pres.,  .Mue  Germaine  Latour;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Mile  Laurence  Deguire;  Rec.  Sec. 
Mile  Ola  Sarrazin ;  Corr.  Sec.  Mile  Bernadette 
Magnan,  2205  rue  Maisonneuve;  Assoc.  Sec, 
Mile  S.  Belaire;  Treas.,  Mile  Carmelle  Lamou- 
reux;  Councillors:  Miles  M.  Lussier,  C.  Lazure, 
J.    Vanier. 


A. A.,    Montreal   General    Hospital,    Montreal 

Hon.  Presidents.  Miss  Webster.  Miss  Tedford; 
Hon.  Treasurer.  .Miss  Dunlop:  President.  Miss 
Catherine  Anderson:  First  Vice-President  Miss 
Bertha  Birch :  Secon;!  Vice-President.  Miss  Mary 
Long:  Recording  Secretary.  Miss  Jean  McNair; 
Corresponding  Secretary.  Miss  Mabel  Shannon. 
Nurses  Home.  Montreal  General  Hospital:  Trea- 
surer. Miss  Isabel  Davies;  Committees:  Execu- 
tive: Misses  M.  K.  Holt.  A.  Whitney.  H.  Bartsch. 
E.  Robertson.  Mrs.  F.  Johnston;  Program:  Misses 
M.  Batson  E.  Denman.  K.  Annesley:  Refresh- 
ment: Misses  Clifford  ^convener),  Michie.  A. 
Scott.  B.  Broadhurst.  M.  McQuarrie:  Visiting: 
Mis.ses  .M.  Ross.  B.  Miller.  H.  Christian;  Repre- 
sentatives to:  General  Nursing  Section:  Misses 
A.  Whitney.  M.  McLeod,  C.  Pope,  J.  Ross:  Local 
Council  of  Women:  Misses  A.  Costigan,  M.  Ste- 
vens:  The  Canadian  Nurse:  Miss  C.  Watling. 


A. A.,    Royal    Victoria    Hospital,    Montreal 


Hon,  Pres.,  Miss  Mabel  Hersey;  Pres..  Mrs. 
fi.  ^.  Taylor:  F'rst  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  F.  Munroe: 
Sec  Vice-Pres..  Miss  W.  McLean :  Rec  i^ec 
Miss  D.  Goodill;  Sec-Treas..  Miss  Grace  Moffat, 
R.V.H.;  Board  of  Directors  (^ without  office): 
Miss  E.  Flanagan,  Mrs.  E.  O'Brien;  Conveners 
of  Stayiding  Committees:  Finance,  Mrs.  R. 
Fetherstonhaugh ;  Program,  Miss  G.  Yeats; 
Srholarship,  Miss  W.  MacLean :  General  Nursing, 
Miss  E.  Killins:  Conveners  of  Other  Committees: 
Canteen,  Mrs.  W.  A.  G,  Bauld ;  Red  Cross.  Mrs. 
F.  E.  McKenty;  Visiting.  Miss  Purcell:  Reps,  to: 
Local  Council  of  Women.  Mrs.  V.  Ward.  Miss 
K.  Dickson;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  G. 
Martin. 


A.A..  Homoeopathic  Hospital.  Montreal 


A. A..    St.    Mary's    Hospital,    Montreal 


Hon.    Pres.    Miss    V.    Graham:    Pres,.    Mls.s    N. 
Gage:  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  J.  Morris;  Sec.  Miss 


Hon.    Pres..     Rev,    Sister    Rozon :    Pres.,    Mi.ss 
E.  O'Hare:   Vice-Pres.    Miss  M.  Smith;  Rec.  Sec. 


974 


THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 


Mrs.  L.  O'Connell;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss  E.  O'Connell; 
4625  Earnscliffe  Ave.;  Treas..  Miss  E.  Quinn; 
Committees:  Entertainment:  Misses  Marwan,  D. 
McCarthy,  McDerby,  Ryan;  Visiting:  Misses 
Brown.  Coleman,  Mullins;  Spcial  Nnrses:  Misses 
Goorlnian.  P.  McCarthy;  Reps,  to:  Press:  Misses 
Zurick,  Culligan;  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Miss  E. 
Toner. 


Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  G.  Ransehousen;  Rec.  Sec., 
Mrs.  G.  Sangster;  Corr.  Sec,  Mrs.  R.  Mooney, 
174  Portland  Ave.;  Entertainment  Convener, 
Mrs.  \\.  Cohoon;  Representatives  to:  Private 
Duty  Section,  Miss  D.  Ross ;  The  Canadian  Nurse, 
Mrs.   G.   MacKay,   85    Bcthune  St. 


A. A.,     School     for     Graduate     Nurses. 
McGill     University,     Montreal 

Pres.,  Miss  Margaret  Brady;  Vice-Pres.,  Miss 
Winnif  red  McCunn ;  Sec-Treas.,  Miss  Jessie 
Cooke.  Woman's  General  Hospital,  Westmount; 
Conveners:  Flora  M.  Shaw  Memorial  Fund,  Mrs. 
L.  H.  Fisher;  Program,  Miss  R.  Lamb;  Represen- 
tatives to:  Local  Council  of  Women:  Mrs.  J.  R. 
Taylor.  Miss  E.  Martin;  The  Canadian  Nurse, 
Miss  C.  Aitkenhead,  Homoeopathic  Hospital. 


A. A..  Woman's  General  Hospital,  Westmount 


Hoi).  Presidents.  Misses  Trench.  Pearson ;  Pres.. 
Miss  C  Martin;  First  Vice-Pres..  Mrs.  Crewe; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Rosen ;  Rec.  Sec.  Miss 
Van-Buskirk;  Corr.  Sec,  Mrs.  G.  Bentley,  3582 
University  St.;  Treas..  Miss  Francis;  Committees: 
Visiting:  Misses  T.  Wood,  G.  Wilson;  Social: 
Mrs.  Sajrinur.  Miss  Yellin;  Rep.  to  The  Canadian 
Nurse.  Sliss  Francis. 


A. A..    Jeffery    Hale's    Haspital,   Quebec 

Pres..  Mrs.  A.  W.  G.  Macalister;  First  Vice- 
Pres.,  Mrs.  L.  TeakLe;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  G. 
Weary;  Sec,  Miss  M.  G.  Fischer,  305  Grande 
All^e;  Treas.,  Mrs.  W.  D.  Fleming;  Councillors: 
Misses  Wolfe.  Kennedy,  Fitzpetrick,  Ross,  Mrs. 
Pfeiffer;  Committees:  Refreshment:  Misses  Kirt- 
sen,  Jones,  Warren,  Dawson;  Visiting:  Misses 
Douglas  (convener),  Martin,  Mmes.  Raphael, 
Gray;  Program:  Mmes.  Young,  Teakle,  Misses 
Lunam.  Douglas:  Reps,  to:  Private  Dutv  Sec- 
tion: Misses  Walsh,  Perry;  The  Canadian  Nurse, 
ivfiss  N.  Humphries. 


A. A..    Sherbrooke    Hospital.    Sherbrooke 

■    Hon.   Pres..    Miss   V.    K.   Bean;    Pres..   Mrs.    H. 
Leslie:    First    Vice-Pres..    Miss    N.    Malone;    Sec. 


SASKATCHEWAN 

A. A.,  Grey  Nuns'  Hospital,  Regina 

Honourary  President,  Sr.  M.  J.  Tougas;  Presi- 
dent. Mrs.  A.  Counter;  Vice-President.  Mrs. 
F.  Racette;  Secretary-Treasurer,  Mrs.  R.  Mo- 
gridge;  Corresponding  Secretary,  Miss  Ina  M. 
Montgomery,  Grey  Nuns'  Hospital. 

A. A.,   Regina   General   Hospital,    Regina 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  D.  Wilson;  Pres.,  Miss  M. 
Brown;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  R.  Ridley;  Sec, 
Miss  V.  Mann,  Regina  General  Hospital ;  Treas., 
Miss  E.  Sweitzer,  R.G.H.;  Representatives  to: 
Local  Paper,  Miss  G.  Glasgow;  The  Canadian 
Nurse,  Miss  K.  Sharp. 

A. A.,    St.    Paul's    Hospital,    Saskatoon 

Hon.  Pres.,  Sister  La  Pierre;  Pres..  Miss  F. 
Bateman;  First  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  M.  Bohl ;  Sec. 
Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  E.  Turner;  Sec,  Miss  C. 
Castagnier,  St.  Paul's  Hospital ;  Treas.,  Miss  L. 
Strate;  Councillors:  Mrs.  A.  Hyde,  Mrs.  A. 
Thompson,  Miss  A.  Templeman,  Mrs.  H.  Mackay; 
Ways  &  Means  Committee:  Mrs.  C.  Darbellay, 
Mrs.  B.   Hayes,  Mrs.   A.  Barker. 

A. A.,    Saskatoon    City    Hospital,    Saskatoon 

Hon.  Pres.,  Miss  E.  Howard;  Pres.,  Miss  M. 
Chisholm;  Vice-Pres..  Miss  Collins.  Miss  Grant; 
Rec.  Sec.  Miss  D.  Bjarnason ;  Corr.  Sec,  Miss 
D.  Duff.  S.C.H.;  Treas.,  Miss  E.  Graham;  Con- 
veners: Ways  &  Means,  Mrs.  C.  Fletcher;  Social, 
Mrs.  J.  Gibson;  Program,  Mrs.  H.  Atwell;  Red 
Cross,  Mrs.  T  Binnie;  Visiting  &  Flower,  Miss 
V.  Bergren;   Press,  Miss  M.  Fofonoff. 

A.A.,    Yorkton    Queen    Victoria    Hospital,    Yorkton 

Honourary  President.  Mrs.  L.  V.  Barnes;  Pre- 
sident, Mrs.  J.  Young:  Vice-President,  Miss  E. 
Flanagan;  Secretary.  Mrs.  T.  E.  Darroch,  59 
Haultain  Ave.;  Trea.surer,  Mrs.  G.  Heard;  Coun- 
cillors: Mrs.  W.  Sharpe.  Mrs.  F.  Kisby,  Mrs.  J. 
Parker;  Social  Convener,  Mrs.  G.  Parsons;  Re- 
presentative to  The  Canadian  Nurse,  Mrs.  W. 
Sharpe. 


Associations  of  Graduate  Nurses 


Overseas    Nursing    Sisters    Association 
of     Canada 

Pres..  Miss  Irene  Barton.  Deer  Lodge  Hospital; 
First  Vice-Pres..  Miss  Elsie  Wil-son,  Winnipeg; 
Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  Clark  Davidson.  Winnipeg; 
Third  Vice-Pres.,  Mrs.  C.  A.  Young.  Ottawa; 
Sec-Treas.,  Miss  Anne  F.  Mitchell.  Ste.  6.  Yale 
Apts.,     Colony     St..     Winnipeg:     Representatives 

from  Local  Unit:  Miss  Editli  Hudson.  Miss  Emily 
'arker. 


MANITOBA 

brandon  Graduate  Nurses  Association 

Hon.  Pres..  Miss  E.  Birtles,  O.B.E.:  Pres..  Mrs. 
S.    Purdue;    Vice-Pres..    Miss    M.    Morton,    Sec.. 


Miss  A.  Crighton.  Brandon  General  Hospital; 
Treas..  Mrs.  J.  Selbie:  Registrar,  Miss  C.  Mac- 
leod;  Conveners:  Red  Cross.  Mrs.  H.  McKeiizie; 
Social.  Miss  M.  Trotter;  Press.  Miss  W.  .Mitchell; 
General  Xtirsing,  Miss  G.  Lament;  Rep.  to  The 
C'lnndian  Nurse,  Miss  G.   Kennettle. 


QUEBEC 

Montreal    Graduate    Nurses    Association 

President.  Miss  Effie  Killins;  First  Vice-Pres., 
.Miss  Clarice  Smith ;  Sec.  Vice-Pres.,  Miss  Lil- 
lian MacKinnon ;  Hon.  Sec-Treas.,  Miss  Doro- 
thy Shoemaker.  1230  Bishop  St.;  Director  of 
Nursing  Registry,  Miss  E.  B.  Ross,  1234  Bishop 
St.  Regular  meetings  second  Tuesday  January, 
first    Tuesday    April.    October,    and    December. 


THE  CANADIAN  NURSE 
Index  to  Volume  38 

January-December  1942 


The  material  in  this  index  is  arranged  under  subjects,  authors,  and  titles.    Titles  are 
given  in  full  with  the  author's  name. 

The  page  numbers  included  in  each  issue  of  Volume  38  are  shown  below-. 

January     pp.        1 —  12  July    ,. .  pp.    449 — 520 

February  pp.      11 — 144  August     pp.     521 — 592 

March    pp.     145—216  September  pp.     593—748 

April    pp.    217—288  October   pp.     749— «24 

May     pp.     289—360  November     pp.    825—900 

June     pp.     361—448  December     pp.     901—984 


Abernethy,  C.A.S.,  A  day's  work  in  Newfoundland,  487 

Acute  otitis  media   (Campbell),  167 

Ahern,  A.,  Health  insurance  and  nursing  service,  706 

Albert,  A.,  Giroux,   S.,  and  Johns,  E.,   Travaillons  ensemble,  330 

Albert,  Sister  St..  The  head  nurse  as  clinical  teacher,  681 

Allder.  E..   Correlation  of  classroom  teaching  and  clinical  experience,  684 

Anderson,  B.,  Post-graduate  clinical  experience,  659 

Anderson.  B.,  Report  of  the  committee  on  syllabus  for  training  voluntary  aid  detachments,  714 

Anderson,  B..  Report  of  Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing  Section,  698 

Anthrax  (Knaggs),  553 

Armour,  R.  G.,  Fever  therapy,  92 

Articles  in  French : 

Ecole  d'Infirmieres  Hygienistes,  794 

H\'giene  familiale.  112 

Rapport  de  Co-aviseur  en  nursing  d'urgence   (Giroux),  645 

Rapport   de   la   section   d'hygiene   publique    (Martineau),   696 

Travaillons  ensemble    (Albert,  Giroux  and  Johns),  330 

Une  visite  chez  Jeanne  Mance  en  1672   (Godbout),  558 

At  work  in  an  Indian  school    (Stewart),  115 
Autumn  comes  in  Aklavik   (Rundle),  838 

Bailey,  L.,   Nursing  care  of  patients  undergoing  chemotherapy.  837 

Baker,  M.,  Preparation  for  the  general  practice  of  nursing,  668 

Baker,  M.,  Report  of  General  Nursing  Section,  700 

Baker.   M.,   Training  practical  nurses.  407 

Baker,  M.,  Wanted — leaders  in  the  General   Nursing  Section,  405 

Baker,  Madalene :  545,  788 

Baltzan.  D.  M..  Internal  medicine  and  the  student  nurse,  949 

Batson,   M.,   Teamwork  in  the  A.R.N. P.Q.,  262 

Batson.  M.,  Welcome  to  Montreal,  304 

Beacock,  M..  and  Magee,  K.,  A  difficult  case,  253 

Blood  Transfusion: 

Blood  donor  service  in  Halifax   (Brown),  872 

Blood  transfusion  (Boyd),  388 

Blood  transfusion  in  a  gynaecological  service    (Wilson),  921 
Book  Reviews:  47,  191,  261,  803 
Botsford,   M..   Planning  a  refresher  course,  249 
Boyd.  D.  P.,  Blood  transfusion,  388 

973 


976  THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 

Bradley,  H.,   Defunctioning  transverse  colon  colostomy,  468 

Brooke,  A.,  Rendezvous,  62 

Brov^n,  F.,  A  blood  donor  service  in  Halifax,  872 

Brown,  H.,  Health  teaching,  39 

Browne,  J.  E.,  Report  of  the  national  joint  committee  on  the  enrolment  of  nnr-o   fo--  war 

and  emergency  service.  711 
Brownell,   P..   The   point  of   view  of   the   registrar,  44 
Buck,  Marjorie:  545,  787 

Campbell,  A.  A.,  Acute  otitis  media,   167 

Canadian  Broadcasting  Corporation : 
Health  notes  by  radio,  855 
Over  a  national  hook-up,  554 

Canadian  Nurses  Association  : 

Accelerated  basic   course :   925,  929 

British  Nurses  Relief  Fund:  34,  311,  475 

British  Nurses  Relief  Fund    (contributions  to)  :   35,   102,   175.  244,  311,  398.  475.  545, 

791,  857,  940 

Bursaries  :  836,  856,  930 

Committee  (advisory)   to  Emergency  Nursing  Adviser,  928 

Committee  on  award  of  bursaries    (report  of),  933 

Committee  on  eight-hour  duty :   171,  720 

Committee  on  the  enrolment  of  nurses   for  war  and  emergency   service:   398,   711 

Committee  on  exchange   of   nurses:   717,  927 

Committee  on  health  insurance  and  nursing  service,  706,  927 

Committee  on  history  of  nursing  in  Canada,  718,  927 

Committee  on  nursing  education:   171,  650 

Committee  on  subsidiary  nursing  groups,  927 

Committee  on   syllabus   for   training   voluntary   aid   detachments:    172,   714 

Distribution  of  registered  nurses  in  Canada,  310 

Emergency  Nursing  Adviser:  160.  239,  307,  393,  542.  636,  645,  648.  791.  926 
Executive  Secretary  of  the  C.  N.  A.   (report  of),  725 

General  Meeting,  1942:  33,  101.  174.  243,  245,  304,  30,  397.  533,  545 
Government  grant  committee,   930 

Health  notes  by  radio,  855 

Membership,   174 

^lessage  from  Australia,  790 

Mobilization  of  health  resources,    172 

National  voluntary  war  services  advisory  committee:    172.   713,  927 

Nightingale  Memorial   Committee   (report  of),  722 

Nightingale    Memorial    Fund    (contribution   to).    103 

Notes  from  the  National  Office:  33,  101,  171,  243,  309.  397.  475,  545,  723.  789,  855,  927 

Officers  elected  for  the  ensuing  biennium :  540,  545,  787 

President's  address  (Fairley),  612 

Provincial    Associations    (activities   of)  :    173.    174.   929,   931 

Resolutions  and  recommendations  adopted  at  the  General  Meeting,  1942,  723 

War  time  permits,  929 

Canadian  Nurses  Association   (sections  of)  : 

General    Nursing   Section    (reports  of)  :    172,   700,   931 

Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing  Section  (reports  of)  :  172.  698,  930 

Public  Health  Section  (reports  of)  :   172,  688.  931 

Canadian  Red  Cross  Society : 

Appointment  of  consultant,  228 
Appointment  of  nursing  supervisor,  40 


INDEX  977 

Canadian  Orthopaedic  Unit   for   Scotland:  96,  239,  774 

Courses  in  home  nursing,  194 

Xational  joint  committee  on  the  enrolment  of  nurses  for  war  and  emergency  service.  711 

Canadian  Women's  Army  Corps   (organization  of).  22 

Central  dressing  room   (Irenaeus).  549 

Chantal,  Sister  F.,  Some  newer  drugs,  177 

Chittick.  R.,  Modernizing  the  manual  on  home  nursing.  661 

Chittick.  Rae :  545.  787 

Chodat.   I.   R.,   Maintaining   standards   of   public  health   nursing,    183 

Chnstilaw.    R.    C.    S.R.X.A.    travelling  exhibit.    7S2 

Convery.  B.,  Case  study  of  treatment  of  haemolitic  jaundice.  421 

Creelman.  L.,  and  Kerr,  M.  E..  Public  health  nurses  in  Canada,  42 

Creelman,  L.,  Supervision  in  public  health  nursing.  793 

Creelman,  Lyle :  545.  788 

Cruickshank.  F.  D.,  The  industrial  nurse.  850 

Cryderman.   E..  Educational  aspects  of  the  Toronto   Health   Service.  864 

Deacon,  A.  E..  The  treatment  of  poliomyelitis  in  the  acute  stage.  763 
Defunctionmg  transverse  colon  colostomv    (Bradley).  468 
Delaney,  W..  Hospital  adventures  of  a  V.A.D.,  846 
Denniston,  M.  J.,  The  head  nurse  as  clinical  teacher,  675 
Denniston.  M.  J.,  The  head  nurse's  share  in  ward  teaching.  36 
Destromp.  L..   Post-operative  care  of  cleft  palate,  477 

Drugs : 

Chemotherapy  with  sulphonamide  drugs    (Wightman),  835 
Illegal  traffic  in  narcotic  drugs    (Shinbane).  847 
Some  newer  drugs  (Chantal),  177 

Earnshaw.  M..  With  the  Canadian  Orthopaedic  Unit  for  Scotland,  774 

Editorials : 

Dedication,  301 

Genius  loci,  85 

On  Christmas  day  in  the  morning,  913 

One  having  authority.  833 

Sharing  the  task,  22'7 

We  go  forward  together,  159 

Ellis,  K.  W.,  Grace  M.  Fairley,  383 

?!!^^'  ^-  ))r'  Provisional  council  of  University  Schools  and  Departments  of   Nursing    845 

Ellis,  K.  W  .,  Report  ot  committee  on  eight-hour  duty,  720 

Emergency  Nursing  Adviser : 

Advisory  committee  to  Emergency  Nursing  Adviser.  928 

Forty-eight  hours  in  Prince  Edward  Island    (Ellis).  542 

Interim  report   (Ellis).  926 

New  ways  in  wartime   (Ellis >,  160 

Provinces  go  into  action   (Ellis),  239 

Provinces   set  the  pace    (Ellis),   393 

Publicity  campaign    (Ellis),  791 

Report  of  associate  Emergency  Nursing  Adviser   (Giroux).  645 

Report  of  the  Emergency  Nursing  Adviser   (Ellis),  636 

Westward  bound   (Ellis),  307 

Emerson,  B.  A.,  and  Stewart.  E.  I..  Leaves  from  Alberta  public  health  diaries,  775 
Emmerton,  M.,  The  practical  nurse  and  the  registry,  486 

Fairley,  G.  M.,  Faith  and  courage.  15 

Fairley,  G.  M.,  The  President's  address,  612 

Fairley,  G.  M.,  Watch  your  price  ceiling,  180 

Fairley,  Grace  M.,  383 


978  THE    CANADIAN   NURSE 

Faith  and  courage   (Fairley),  15 
Fenton,  A.  Edith,  544 
Fever  therapy   (Armour),  92 

Financial  Control : 

Gasoline  sale  restrictions,  175 

Income  tax  exemptions  for  private  duty  nurses,  802 

Married  nurses  and  income  tax,  789 

Participation  of  women's  national  organizations  in  price  control,  34 

Watch  your  price  ceiling  (Fairley),  180 

Flander,  M.,  and   Parry,  D.,  Nursing  aspects  of  poliomyelitis,  767 

Fowler,  D.,  A  good  place  to  learn,  493 

Fraudulent  agents  :  702,  863 

Fundamentals  of  professional  leadership    (Lindeburgh),  375 

General  Duty  Nursing: 

General  staff  nurse  (Lusted),  703 

Plea  for  the  general  duty  nurse  (Lawrie),  409 

Preparation  for  the  general  practice  of  nursing    (Baker),  668 

Word  from  the  patient  (Wainwright),  778 

General  Nursing  Section  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association: 

Reports  of :  172,  700 

Special  Page  in  Journal :  44,  253,  405,  485,  553,  778,  872 

Wanted leaders  in  the  General  Nursing  Section   (Baker),  405 

Gibson,   jM.,   The  Toronto  committee  on   instruction,   943 

Gibson,  M.,  Uniformity  in  examinations  for  registration,  656 

Gibson,  Miriam:  545,  788 

Gillespie,  R.  D.,  Psvchoneurosis  in  time  of  war,  463 

Girard,  Alice,  794    ' 

Giroux,  S.,  Report  of  associate  Emergency  Nursing  Adviser,  645 

Giroux,  S.,  Albert,  A.,  and  Johns,  E.,  Travaillons  ensemble,  330 

Glendinning,  H.,  Nursing  care  of  patients  during  fever  therapy,  93 

Godard,  W.  V.,  A  comparison  of  health  service  in  elementary  and  secondary  schools,  859 

Godbout,  C,  Une  visite  chez  Jeanne  Mance  en  1672,  558 

Graham,  V.,  An  experiment  in  recruiting,  783 

Grant  from  the  Federal  Government: 

Budget  for  1943,  924 

Government  grant  committee,  930 

Grant  from  the  Federal  Government  (Lindeburgh),  607 

Response  from  the  Federal  Government   (Lindeburgh),  543 

Great  Britain : 

Afterthoughts  of  a  medical  mission  to  Great  Britain    (Penfield),  86 

British  Civil   Nursing  Reserve :  33,   101 

Glory  of  this  house,  97 

Royal  College  of  Nursing,  108 

Grignon,  M.  R.,  and  Olivier,  M.,  Family  health  in  Montreal,  109 

Hall,  G.  M.,  Miss  Martin  makes  a  time  study :  30,  99 

Hall,  G.  M.,  Nursing  service  in  small  hospitals,  23 

Harvey,    I.,   and    Street,    M.,    Integration   of    health   and   community   aspects    in    the    basic 

course,  867 
Hatherley,  R.  D.  J.,  A  word  for  the  small  school,  123 

Health  Insurance  and  Nursing  Service : 

Brief  submitted  to  director  of  public  health  services,  709 

Correction  in  brief  on  nursing  service  in  relation  to  health  insurance,  856 

Health  insurance  and   nursing  service    (Ahern),   706 


INDEX  979 


Herman,  Blanche,  G.,  781 


History  of  Nursing : 

Fifty  years  ago   (Hutchison),  879 

History  of  the  first  hospital  in  Montreal  (Mondoux),  396 

Jeanne  Mance   (Lefebvre),  164 

Holder,  J.  M..  The  Canadian  Dietetic  Association,  392 

Holt,  M.  K.,  Report  of  the  exchange  of  nurses  committee,  717 

Homer  sham,  C,  A  bright  idea,  548 

Hopkins,   C,  The  professional  nurse,  877 

Hospital  and  School  of  Nursing  Section  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association : 

Reports  of :  172,  698 

Special  Page  in  Journal :  36,  107,  177,  247,  321,  409,  477,  549,  785,  867,  943 

Howard,  Ella  Mae,   106 

Huber,  M.  W.,  Speech  correction   for  cleft  palate  patients,  479 

Hutchison,  A.  E.,  Fifty  years  ago,  879 

In  praise  of  famous  women   (MacDonald),  629 

International  Council  of  Nurses : 

International  Council  of  Nurses :  173,  726 
Nursing  today — an  adventure   (Taylor),  614 

Irenaeus.   Sister  M.,  A  central  dressing  room,  549 

Jenkins,  M.,  Staff  education,  671 

Jenkins,  Marjorie:  545,  787 

Johns,  E.,  Albert,  A.,  and  Giroux,  S.,  Travaillons  ensemble,  330 

Johnson.  J.  M.,  In  charge  at  night,  875 

Jolly,  H.  M.,  A  word  to  the  registrar,  46 

Jones,  D.  R..  Fighting  tuberculosis,  483 

Jones,  G.,  Standardization  of  procedures,   107 

Jones,  R.  O.,  Psychiatric  principles  in  nursing  practice,  229 

Jordison,  E.,  Nursing  in  chest  surgery,  17 

Keddy,   A.,   Nursing  study  of  acoustic  neuroma.  323 

Kelley.  H.,   Care  of  the  skin  of  the  newborn  infant,  302 

Kellogg,  W.  K..  Foundation,  546 

Kerr,   M.   E.,   Kla-How-Ya,  Tillicum,  41 

Kerr,  M.  E.,  and  Creelman,  L.,  Public  health  nurses  in  Canada,  42 

Kerr,  :M.  E.,  Report  of  Public  Health  Section,  688 

Kerr.  M.  E..  Report  of  studies  of  minimum  requirements   for  employment  in  the   field  of 

public  health  nursing.  690 
Kerr,  M.   E.,  Standards  for  admission  to  courses  in  public  health  nursing,  694 
Kerr,  M.  E.,  Teaching  material  for  first  aid  instruction,  661 
Kilpatrick.  H..  Institute  for  public  health  workers,  499 
Kloepfer,  A.  T..  We  go  on  the  wards,  871 
Knaggs,  C,  A  case  of  anthrax,  553 

Lawford.   R.,    Student  nurses  at  the   R.N.A.O..  420 

Lawrie.  A.  F.,  A  plea  for  the  general  duty  nurse,  409 

Lefebvre,  Sister  D.,  The  head  nurse  as  clinical  teacher,  682 

Lefebvre,  Sister  D.,  In-service  education,  565 

Lefebvre.  Sister  D.,  Jeanne  Mance,  164 

Letters  from  Sweden   (Lyster)  :  26.  117,   189,  254,  488,  555 

Levenick.   H.,   Nursing  care  in   plastic   surgerv  of  the  external   genitalia,   785 

Lindeburgh,  M. :  540,  545 

Lindeburgh.   M.,   Fundamentals  of   professional   leadership,  375 

Lindeburgh,   M.,   Grant   from  the  Federal  Government.  607 

Lindeburgh,  M.,  Important  emergency  measures,  923 

Lindeburgh,  M.,  Our  national  duty,  759 

Lindeburgh,   M.,  Response   from  the  Federal   Government,  543 


980  THE    CANADIAN    NURSE 

Lindeburgh,  M..  Safeguards  to  nursing— present  and  future,  650 

Locke.  Helen,  769 

Lusted,  H.  J.,  The  general  staff  nurse,  703 

Lyster,  E.,  Letters  from  Sweden:  26,  117,  189,  254,  488,  550 

MacDonald.  M.,  In  praise  of   famous  women.  629 

Macfarland,  M..  The  head  nurse  as  clinical  teacher.  679 

Macfarland.  Mary  Elizabeth.  408 

Mackenzie.   N..  Administrative  problem,  663 

Mackenzie.  Norena,  40 

MacRae,   Dorothy,  476 

IMagee,  K..  and  Beacock,  M.,  A  difficult  case,  253 

Mallory,   E..   Ward  aides  and  heliiers,  715 

]^Iartin,  J.  E.,  The  lamp  of  learning,  315 

Martineau,  A.,  Rapport  de  la  section  d'hygienc  pubhque.  096 

J^Iathewson,   M.   S..  E.  Frances  Upton.  386 

Mathewson.  M.S..  New  president  of  the  C.N. A.,  540  ,-10 

Mathewson,  M.   S..  Report  of  the  committee  on  history  of  nursing  m  Canada.  /18 

Mathewson.  M.  S..  Summary  of  the  report  of  the  Emergency  Nursing  Adviser.  64S 

McDiarmid,   L,   In  memory  of   Cory   Mabel   Taylor,  798 

McDowell,  E.   M.,  Health— an  experience   for  all,  251 

Alclnnis.  M.  J.,  Nursing  care  in  acute  otitis  media.   169 

McKee.  E.   Muriel.  946 

McLimont,  M.,  Canada  goes  to  South  Africa,  914 

McPhedran,  Eleanor.  385 

:Medals  make  magic    (Naylor),   104 

Memorial    service    for   nurses,   171 

Metropolitan  Nursing  Service :  124.  196.  263.  404.  o62.  735.  800.  884.  963  . 

Military   Nursing   Service:  see  Royal  Canadian  Army  Medical   Corps  Nursing  Service 

Mingie,  S..  Nursing  care  in  colostomy,  259 

Mondoux.  Rev.   Soeur.  History  of  the  first  hospital  in   Montreal,  3% 

Munroe,  F..  Eleanor  McPhedran,  385 

Munroe    F.,   Report  of  bursarv  award  committee.  933  .  _ 

Munroe!  F..  Report  of  the  national  voluntary  war  services  advisory  committee.  /L-> 

Munroe,  Fanny:  545,  787  ,     ,•   ■     ,  •  ror 

Myers,  M.,  Correlation  of  classroom  teaching  and  clinical  experience.  6«6 
Myers.  M..  Our  unique  resources,  247 
National  Selective  Service.  925 

Naval   Nursing   Service:    see   Royal   Canadian   Naval   Nursing   Service 
Navlor,  E.,  Medals  make  magic,  104 
Neill,  Agnes :  472,  781 

Newfoundland : 

Dav's  work  in  Newfoundland  (Abernethy),  487 
Newfoundland:  61.  217,  348.  438,  487.  841 
Well,  but  busy    (Squires).  841 
News  Notes:  52.  125.  197,  268.  340.  428.  500,  572,  736.  808.  886,  9.-)5 

Nursing  Care : 

Care  of  the  skin  of  the  newborn  infant  JKellcy).  302 

Difficult  case    (Magee  and   Beacock).  253 

Nursing  in  chest  surgery   (Jordison).  17 

Nursing  care  in  acute  otitis  media  (Mclnms),  169  ■  ,  ^    70? 

Nursing  care  in  plastic  surgery  of  the  external  genitalia    (Levenick),   /8b 

Nursing  care  of  fractures   (Ward  and  Robson).  233 

Nursing  care  of  patients  during   fever  therapy    (Glendinning).  VJ 

Nursing  care  of   patients  undergoing  chemotherapy    (Bailey),   »J/ 

Post-operative  care  of  cleft  palate  (Destromp).  477 

Nursing  Education : 

Accelerated  basic  course:  925.  929 
Administrative   problem    (Mackenzie).   663 


INDEX  981 

Clinical  teaching  and  supervision   (Wilson),  666 

Correlation  of  classroom  teaching   and  clinical   exiierience    (AUder),   684 

Correlation  of  classroom  teaching  and  clinical  experience   (Myers),  686 

Experiment  in  recruiting   (Graham),  783 

Head  nurse  as  clinical  teacher    (Albert),  681 

Head  nurse  as  clinical  teacher    (Denniston),  675 

Head  nurse  as  clinical   teacher    (Lefebvre),  682 

Head  nurse  as  clinical  teacher    (Macfarland),  679 

Head  nurse's  share  in  ward  teaching    (Denniston),  36 

Health  teaching   (Brown),  39 

In-service  education    (Lefebvre),   565 

Integration  of  health  and  community  aspects  in  the  basic  course  (Street  and  Harvey),  867 

Internal  medicine  and  the  student  nurse    (Baltzan),  949 

Miss  Martin  makes  a  time  study   (Hall)  :  30,  99 

Motion  and  time  study   (Waugh),  321 

Our  unique  resources  (Alyers),  247 

Planning  a  refresher  course    (Botsford),  249 

School  of  nursing  records   (Thompson),  654 

Staff  education   (Jenkins),  671 

Standardization  of  procedures  (Jones),  107 

Teaching  material  for  first  aid  instruction    (Kerr),  661 

Toronto  committee  on  instruction    (Gibson),  943 

\\'ord    for   the   small    school    (Hatherley),    123 

Nursing  Service : 

Bright  idea    (Homersham),   548 

Nursing  service  in  small  hospitals   (Hall),  23 

Ntrtrition : 


Canadian  Dietetic  Association   (Holder),  392 
Food  in  a  nation  at  war  (Pepper),  771 


Obituaries : 


Aitken,  Annie,  399 

Armstrong,  Catherine,  181 

Baillie,  Ann:  181,  327 

Ban  fill,  Mrs.  S.  Martin,  482 

Bruce,    Louisa   Eastwood,    322 

Col(|uhoun,  Martha,  482 

Crossley,  Emily  Helen,  122 

Dunlop,  Henrietta,  250 

Ellis,  Mrs.  Gordon,  799 

Ellis,  Mrs.  O.  E.,  322 

Fenton,  Helen,  940 

Goodson,  Louise  Brent,   103 

Hever,  Mary  Cobbe,  181 

Hiflcoat,  Annie,  799 

Hoffmeyer,  Mrs.  Lome,  799 

Honey,  Gertrude,  122 

Howden,  Mrs.  Gordon,  38 

Ironside,  Mrs.  Mary  Rutherford,  122 

LaTrace,  Edna  Mary,  482 

Londeau,  Josephine,  250 

Macdonald,  Mrs.  John,  800 

MacGregor,  Jessie,  800 

MacKenzie,  Jean,  411 

Moore,  Gwyneth,  122 

Nunn,  Mary,  940 

Robillard,  Mrs.  Henry  J.,  800 

Rothery,  Esther  Augusta,  878 

Taylor,  Audrey,  322 

Tavlor,  Cory  Mabel,  798 


982  THECANADIANNURSE 

Wilson,  Henrietta,  482 

O'Connor,  A.,  Bromide  intoxication,  49 

Off  Duty:  134,  206,  278,  350,  582,  814,  964 

Official  Directory:  63,  135,  207,  279,  351,  439,  511,  583,  739,  815,  891,  965 

Olivier,  M.,  and  Grignon,  M.  R.,  Family  health  in  Montreal,  109 

Ontario  Public  Health  Nursing  Service:   124,   196,  264,  423,  568,  734,  885 

Our  national  duty    (Lindeburgh),  759 

Overseas  Mail :  238,  329,  418 

Overseas  Nursing  Sisters  Association  News  Letter:  52,  123,  171,  193,  319,  497,  568 

Parry,  D.,  and  Flander,  M.,  Nursing  aspects  of  poliomyelitis,  767 

Penfield,  W.,  Afterthoughts  of  a  medical  mission  to  Great  Britain,  86 

Penhale,  Helen  Eileen,  866 

Pepper,  L.  C,  Food  in  a  nation  at  war,  771 

Plain  talk  from  Manitoba  (Wilson),  843 

Poliomyelitis : 

Nursing  aspects  of  poliomyelitis   (Parry  and  Flander),  767 
•Treatment  of  poliomyelitis  in  the  acute  stage    (Deacon),  76i 

Post-Graduate  Education: 

Bursaries:  855,  930 

HI  had  only  known    (Williamson),  609 

Post-graduate  clinical  experience    (Anderson),  659 

Post-graduate  courses  offered  by  the  Royal  Victoria  Hospital,  260 

Refresher  courses:  51,  170,  249,  260,  262,  326,  419,  499,  793,  871,  945 

Provincial  Associations  of  Registered  Nurses: 

Alberta:  313  728,  929,  931;  British  Columbia:  173,  412,  495,  729,  929,  931,  945;  Ma- 
nitoba •  173,  413,  729,  843,  929,  932 ;  New  Brunswick :  729,  858,  929,  932 ;  Nova  Scotia : 
173  561,  730,  929,  932;  Ontario:  173,  416,  420,  730,  929,  930,  932;  Prince  Edward 
Island-  48  542,  731,  929,  932;  Quebec:  173,  262,  266,  498,  731,  929,  932:  Saskatchewan: 
174,  312,  419,  491,  731,  782,  929,  932. 

Psychiatry : 

Psychiatric  principles  in  nursing  practice  (Jones),  229 
Psychoneurosis  in  time  of  war  (Gillespie),  463 

Public  Health: 

Comparison  of  health  service  in  elementary  and  secondary  schools    (Godard),  859 

Family  health  in  Montreal    (Grignon  and  Olivier),   109 

Fighting  tuberculosis   (Jones),  483 

Health— an  experience  for  all   (McDowell),  251 

Health  education  in  the  Regina  Normal  School   (Smith),  941 

Lamp  of  learning  (Martin),  315  ^     .aa 

Maternal  welfare  and  the  maternity  grant  (Simpson),  400 

Public  Health  Nursing: 

Educational  aspects  of  the  Toronto  Health  Service   (Cryderman),  864 
Industrial  nurse    (Cruickshank),  850 
Industrial  nursing  (Snedden),  185  .  ,  ^     ,r^r> 

Institute  for  public  health  workers  (Kilpatrick),  499 
Leaves  from  Alberta  public  health  diaries   (Emerson  and  Stewart),  77 o 
Maintaining  standards  of  public  health  nursing   (Chodat),  183 
Public  health  nurses  in  Canada   (Kerr  and  Creelman),  42 
Public  health  nursing  in  wartime   (Walker),  551  fir      \    <fn 

Standards  for  admission  to  courses  in  public  health  nursing   (Kerr),  0^4 
Supervision  in  public  health  nursing  (Creelman),  793 


INDEX  983 

Public  Health  Section  of  the  Canadian  Nurses  Association : 

Kla-How-Ya,  Tillicum   (Kerr),  41 

Reports  of:  172,  688 

Special  Page  in  Journal:  41,  109,  183,  251,  315,  400,  483,  551,  775,  859,  941 

Studies  of  minimum  requirements  for  employment  in  the  field  of  public  health  nursing 

(Kerr)  690 

Reader's  Guide:  12,  82,  156,  224,  298,  2,12,  460,  530,  604,    756,  830,  910 
Registration : 

Reciprocal  registration,  790 

Uniformity  in  examinations  for  registration  (Gibson),  656 

Registries : 

Point  of  view  of  the  registrar   (Brownell),  44 
Practical   nurse  and  the  registry    (Emmerton),  486 
Registry  for  doctors  and  nurses  (Rosher),  485 
Word  to  the  registrar    (Jolly),  46 

Rendezvous   (Brooke),  62 

Roberts,  Emma,  484 

Robson,  E.,  and  Ward,  M.,  Nursing  care  of  fractures,  233 

Rosher,  F.  W.,  A  registry  for  doctors  and  nurses,  485 

Royal  Canadian  Army  Medical  Corps  Nursing  Service : 

R.C.A.M.C.  Nursing  Service,  781 

R.C.A.M.C.   Nursing  Service   (appointments  to)  :  32,  472,  476,  781 

R.C.A.M.C.  Nursmg  Sisters  on  duty  in  Hong  Kong:  32,  398 

R.C.A.M.C.   Nursing   Sisters  on  duty   in   South   Africa:   95,    179,  238,  244,   310,   328, 

473,  879,  914 

Royal  Canadian  Naval  Nursing  Service : 

Appointments  to  Royal  Canadian  Naval  Nursing  Service :  95,  176 
Nursing  Sister  Agnes  W.  Wilkie :  834,  938 

Rundle,   M.,   Autumn  comes  in  Aklavik,   838 

Russell,  K.,  The  significance  of  the  joint  conference,  633 

Russell,  Kathleen,  228 

Safeguards  to  nursing — present  and   future    (Lindeburgh),  650 

St.  John  Ambulance  Association: 

Appointment  of  A.  Edith  Fenton,  544 

Modernizing  the  manual  on  home  nursing   (Chittick),  661 

Samuel,  Mary,  257 

Sanderson,  K.  I.,  Report  of  Nightingale  Memorial  Committee,  722 

Schools  of  Nursing  and  Departments  of  Nursing  in  Universities : 

Ecole  d'lnfirmieres  Hygienistes,   794 

Provisional  council  of  university  schools  and  departments  of  nursing :  789,  845 

School  for  Graduate  Nurses,  McGill  University:  51,  326,  496,  600,  881 

School  of  Nursing,  University  of  Toronto:  170,  260 

Significance  of  the  joint  conference  (Russell),  633 

University  of  British  Columbia,  Department  of  Nursing,  793 
Schroeder,  E.,  and  Wilson,  R.,  A  hospital  afloat,  121 
Sharpe,  Gladys:  311,  473 

Shinbane,  A.  M.,  The  illegal  traffic  in  narcotic  drugs,  847 
Simpson,  R.  M.,  Maternal  welfare  and  the  maternity  grant,  400 
Sleigh,  K.,   Pathological  conditions  of  the  breast,  563 
Smellie,  Elizabeth  L. :  22,  471,  781,  963_ 

Smith,  E.,  Health  education  in  the  Regina  Normal  School,  941 
Snedden,  H.,  Industrial  nursing,  185 
Snively  medal  awards,  382 


984  THE    CANADIAN   NURSE 

South  Africa : 

Speech  correction  for  cleft  palate  patients    (Ruber),  479 
Squires,   S.,   \\  ell,   but  busy,   841 

Stewart,  E.  I.    and  Emerson,  B.  A.,  Leaves  from  Alberta  public  health  diaries    775 
Stewart,  K.,  At  work  m  an  Indian  school,   115 

Stimson,  J.  C,  The  role  of  American  nurses  in  winning  the  war,  623 

Street,    M.,   and    Harvey,    I.,    Integration   of    health   and    community   aspects    in   the   basic 
course,  o67 

Student  Nurses  Page : 

Bromide  intoxication  (O'Connor),  49 

Case  study  of  treatment  of  haemolitic  jaundice    (Convery),  421 

Good  place  to  learn  (Fowler),  493 

Hospital  afloat   (Schroeder  and  Wilson),  121 

In  charge  at  night    (Johnson),  875 

Nursing  care  in  colostomy    (Mingie),  259 

Nursing  study  of  acoustic  neuroma   (Keddy),  323 

Pathological  conditions  of  the  breast   (Sleigh),  563 

Professional  nurse    (Hopkins),  877 

Puerperal  thrombosis,  947 

Sheila  Ann  makes  her  debut  (Switzer),  795 

Week  with  the  Hospital  Health  Service  (Watson),  187 

Subsidiary  Worker: 

Training  practical  nurses    (Baker),  407 
Ward  aides  and  helpers   (Mallory),  715 
Switzer,  G.,  Sheila  Ann  makes  her  debut,  795 

Taylor,  E.  J.,  Nursing  today — an  adventure,  614 
Thompson,  R.,   School  of  nursing  records,  654 

United  States  of  America : 

How  the  federal  grant  is  used  in  the  U.S.A.,  935 

Role  of  American  nurses  in  winning  the  war    (Stimson),  623 

Upton,  E.  Frances,  386 
Vale,  Clara  B.,  182 

Victorian  Order  of  Nurses  for  Canada:  51,  120,  195,  265,  338,  404,  484.  552    732    788   882 
952  .        .        , 

Voluntary  Aid  Detachments : 

Committee  on  syllabus  for  training  voluntary  aid  detachments:   172,  714 
Hospital  adventures  of  a  V.A.D.   (Delaney),  846 
Short  course  for  the  V.A.D.,  309 

Wainwright,  E.,  A  word  from  the  patient,  778 

Walker,  AI.  I.,  Public  health  nursing  in  wartime,  551 

Ward,  M..  and  Robson,  E.,  Nursing  care  of  fractures,  233 

Waterman,  Olive,  548 

Watson,  R.,  A  week  with  the  Hospital  Health  Service,  187 

Waugh,  F.,   Alotion  and  time  study,  321 

Wightman,  K.  J.  R.,  Chemotherapy  with  sulphonamide  drugs,  835 

Williamson,  C.  E.,  If  I  had  only  known,  609 

Wilson,  E.  J..  Plain  talk  from  Manitoba,  843 

Wilson,  G.,  Blood  transfusion  in  a  gynaecological  service,  921 

Wilson,  J.  S.,  Report  of  the  executive  secretary  of  the  C.N.A.,  725 

Wilson,  M.  J.,  Clinical  teaching  and  supervision,  666 

Wilson,  R.,  and  Schroeder,  E.,  A  hospital  afloat,  121 


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